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Kumarapalayam Assembly constituency

2026-05-07T05:36:52Z

StephanieCrowthe: made new bio

{{Short description|State Legislative Assembly Constituency in Tamil Nadu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kumarapalayam
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 97
| map_image = Constitution-Kumarapalayam.svg
| district = [[Namakkal district|Namakkal]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Erode Lok Sabha constituency|Erode]]
| established = 2008
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| mla = [[C. Vijayalakshmi]]
| party = {{Party index link|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}
| alliance = [[TVK-led Alliance|TVK+]]
| latest_election_year = [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| electors = 220,048
| reservation = None
}}
'''Kumarapalayam''' is a state assembly constituency in [[Namakkal district]] of Tamil Nadu. Its State Assembly Constituency number is 97. It consists of a portion of Kumarapalayam taluk. It is included in [[Erode Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf
|title = List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies
|access-date = 2008-10-10
|work = Tamil Nadu
|publisher = Election Commission of India
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090206012938/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf
|archive-date = 2009-02-06
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Tamilnadu/Final%20Notification%20&%20Order%20.pdf |title= Tamil Nadu - Final Notification & Order |website= Delimitation Commission of India |publisher= National Informatics Centre |access-date= 28 January 2017}}</ref> It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu.

It was newly formed in the year 2008 by separating Sankari and Tiruchengode constituencies.

It covers [[Kumarapalayam]] Municipality and the majority of [[Pallipalayam]] Block. It covers until [[Bhavani Assembly constituency]] in the north and
[[Erode East Assembly constituency]] with the river [[Kaveri]] as its boundary.

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable'
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| rowspan=3|[[P. Thangamani]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|-
| [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|-
| [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
|[[C. Vijayalakshmi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}
|-
|}

==Election results==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#2021|2021]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|49.92}}
{{bar percent|[[#2016|2016]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|55.20}}
{{bar percent|[[#2011|2011]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|56.59}}
}}

=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Kumarapalayam}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[C. Vijayalakshmi]]|party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam|votes=|percentage=|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[P. Thangamani]]|party=AIADMK|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Balu|party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Yuvarani|party=Naam Tamilar Katchi|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA|party=None of the above|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage=}}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors =217224 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=|loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2021 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Kumarapalayam}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[P. Thangamani]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=100,800 |percentage=49.92% |change={{decrease}} 5.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Venkatachalam |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=69,154 |percentage=34.25% |change={{increase}} 4.4 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Varun |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=13,240 |percentage=6.56% |change={{increase}} 5 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Ommsharravana |party=Independent politician |votes=7,342 |percentage=3.64% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Kamaraj |party=Makkal Needhi Maiam |votes=6,125 |percentage=3.03% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= NOTA
|party=None of the above |votes=1,342 |percentage=0.66% |change={{decrease}} 0.94 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. R. Sivasubiramaniyan |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=1,022 |percentage=0.51% |change={{decrease}} 4.74 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=31,646 |percentage=15.67% |change=-9.68% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=201,925 |percentage=79.36% |change= -1.44% }}
{{Election box rejected|votes=87 |percentage=0.04% }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 254,439 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -5.28% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2016 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Kumarapalayam<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf |access-date= 30 Apr 2022 |archive-date= 30 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430083638/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf |title=Assembly wise Candidate Valid Votes count 2016, Tamil Nadu|website=www.elections.tn.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[P. Thangamani]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=103,032 |percentage=55.20% |change={{decrease}} 1.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Yuvaraj |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=55,703 |percentage=29.84% |change={{decrease}} 10.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. A. Madeshwaran |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=9,784 |percentage=5.24% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=None Of The Above |party=None of the above |votes=2,994 |percentage=1.60% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Arunkumar |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=2,908 |percentage=1.56% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Ponnusamy |party=Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi |votes=2,813 |percentage=1.51% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Murthy |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=2,773 |percentage=1.49% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Easwaran |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,981 |percentage=1.06% |change={{increase}} 0.07 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=47,329 |percentage=25.36% |change=8.65% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=186,652 |percentage=80.80% |change= -5.53% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 231,009 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -1.39% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2011 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Kumarapalayam<ref>{{Cite report|url=http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf|title=Detailes Result 2011, Aseembly Election Tamil Nadu |work=Election Commission of Tamil Nadu|access-date=9 May 2021 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170215085458/http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf | archive-date =15 February 2017}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[P. Thangamani]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=91,077 |percentage=56.59% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Selvaraju |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=64,190 |percentage=39.88% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. S. Balamurugan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,600 |percentage=0.99% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Thangamani |party=Independent politician |votes=1,179 |percentage=0.73% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Venugopal |party=Independent politician |votes=1,126 |percentage=0.70% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=26,887 |percentage=16.70% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=186,437 |percentage=86.33% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 160,955 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |title=Statistical reports of assembly elections |access-date=8 July 2010 |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=5 October 2010 }}

{{Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}
{{coord|11.44|77.72|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Namakkal district]]
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Majalgaon Assembly constituency

2026-05-06T21:50:42Z

StephanieCrowthe: created new data

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Majalgaon
| constituency_no = 229
| type = SLA
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| map_image = 229-Majalgaon.svg
| loksabha_cons = [[Beed Lok Sabha constituency|Beed]]
| district = [[Beed district|Beed]]
| reservation = None
| mla = [[Prakashdada Solanke]]
| party = {{Party index link|Nationalist Congress Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| electors =352,698
}}
'''Majalgaon Assembly constituency''' ''(formerly Manjlegaon)'' is one of the 288 [[Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) constituencies of [[Maharashtra]] state in western [[India]].<ref name=ceo>{{cite web|url=http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |title=District wise List of Assembly and Parliamentary Constituencies |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website |accessdate=5 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100318055304/http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |archivedate=18 March 2010 }}</ref>

Majalgaon (constituency number 229) is one of the six Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in the [[Beed district]]. It covers the entire Dharur and Wadwani tehsils and part of Majalgaon tehsil of this district.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|pages=270–1}}</ref>

Majalgaon is part of the [[Beed (Lok Sabha constituency)|Beed Lok Sabha constituency]] along with all other Vidhan Sabha segments in this district, namely [[Georai Assembly constituency|Georai]], [[Parli Assembly constituency|Parli]], [[Beed Assembly constituency|Beed]], [[Ashti Assembly constituency|Ashti]] and [[Kaij Assembly constituency|Kaij]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|pages=278}}</ref>

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#BB8ED0" | [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || Limbaji Muktaji || {{Full party name with color|People's Democratic Front}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFB2B2" | [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || Sabderali S/o Sujatali || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}
|-
| [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Sripad Rao Kadam
|-
| [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || rowspan="2" | Sankeran Nathu Tribhuwan
|-
| [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
| [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || [[Prakashdada Solanke]]
|-
| [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]] || Govindrao Sitaram Dak || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (U)}}
|-
| [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || Mohan Digambar Rao Solunke || {{Full party name with color|Indian Congress (Socialist)}}
|-
| [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]] || Patil Radhakrishna || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]] || Jagtap Bajirao Sonaji || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || rowspan="3" | [[Prakashdada Solanke]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|-
| [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]] || {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
| [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]] || [[R. T. Deshmukh]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]] || rowspan="2" | [[Prakashdada Solanke]] || {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
| [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]] || {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (post–2023)}}
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Majalgaon }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Prakashdada Solanke]] |party = Nationalist Congress Party (post–2023) |votes = 66,009 |percentage = 27.68% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mohan Bajirao Jagtap |party = Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar |votes = 60,110 |percentage = 25.21% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramesh Baburao Kokate (Adaskar) |party = Independent politician |votes = 38,981 |percentage = 16.35% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Madhav Ambadas Nirmal |party = Independent politician |votes = 34,767 |percentage = 14.58% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Babari (Fulchand)rajabhau Munde |party = Bahujan Maha Party |votes = 18,059 |percentage = 7.57% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Manjur Shaikh Chand Sahab Shaikh |party = Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 5,327 |percentage = 2.23% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Prakash Dada Bhagawanrao Solanke |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,530 |percentage = 0.64% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shrisagar Prashant Babruvan |party = Right to Recall Party |votes = 1,512 |percentage = 0.63% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 530 |percentage = 0.22% |change = {{decrease}}0.12 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,899 |percentage = 2.47% |change = {{decrease}}3.19 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 238,987 |percentage = 67.76% |change = {{decrease}}1.39 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 238,457}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 352,698 |ref = |change = {{increase}}6.37 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Nationalist Congress Party (post–2023) |loser = Nationalist Congress Party |swing = {{decrease}}21.35 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Majalgaon <ref name="election2019">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Prakashdada Solanke]] |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 111,566 |percentage = 49.03% |change = {{increase}}13.72 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramesh Baburao Kokate (Adaskar) |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 98,676 |percentage = 43.36% |change = {{decrease}}9.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dhammanand Shankarrao Salve |party = Independent politician |votes = 5,005 |percentage = 2.20% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shaikh Amar Jainoddin |party = All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen |votes = 2,792 |percentage = 1.23% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ejaj Shaikh Umar Shaikh |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,095 |percentage = 0.92% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 780 |percentage = 0.34% |change = {{increase}}0.01 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 12,890 |percentage = 5.66% |change = {{decrease}}11.81 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 229,297 |percentage = 69.15% |change = {{decrease}}3.98 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 227,556}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 331,571 |ref = |change = {{increase}}13.21 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}3.75 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Majalgaon <ref name="election2014">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2014/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[R. T. Deshmukh]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 112,497 |percentage = 52.78% |change = {{increase}}10.77 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Prakashdada Solanke]] |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 75,252 |percentage = 35.31% |change = {{decrease}}10.91 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hoke Patil Narayan Laxmanrao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 4,858 |percentage = 2.28% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Solanke Satish Narayanrao |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 3,949 |percentage = 1.85% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Solanke Prakash (Dada) Bhagwanrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,121 |percentage = 1.46% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ranganath Nikam |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,107 |percentage = 0.99% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shaikh Karim Sallabuddin |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,861 |percentage = 0.87% |change = {{decrease}}0.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Salve Dhammanand Shankararao |party = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 1,358 |percentage = 0.64% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 693 |percentage = 0.33% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 37,245 |percentage = 17.47% |change = {{increase}}13.27 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 214,175 |percentage = 73.13% |change = {{increase}}1.93 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 213,135}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 292,888 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.83 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Nationalist Congress Party |swing = {{increase}}6.56 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Majalgaon <ref>{{cite web|publisher= Chief Eletoral Officer, [[Maharashtra]]|title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009 |url=https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-url= http://web.archive.org/web/20240708005931/https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Prakashdada Solanke]] |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 86,943 |percentage = 46.22% |change = {{increase}}24.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[R. T. Deshmukh]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 79,034 |percentage = 42.01% |change = {{increase}}0.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Thawre Gangabhishan Kashinath Rao |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 10,077 |percentage = 5.36% |change = {{decrease}}13.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jadhavar Chandrakantrao Vitthalrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,133 |percentage = 1.13% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tonde Mahadev Sampatti |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,948 |percentage = 1.04% |change = {{decrease}}2.43 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Solanke Prakash |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,780 |percentage = 0.95% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Gorakh Gaikwad Wagholikar |party = Prabuddha Republican Party |votes = 1,535 |percentage = 0.82% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shaikh Ejajbabar Ismail |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,207 |percentage = 0.64% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,909 |percentage = 4.20% |change = {{decrease}}16.21 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 188,173 |percentage = 71.20% |change = {{decrease}}0.83 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 188,111}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 264,278 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.94 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}4.30 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Majalgaon }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Prakashdada Solanke]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 71,937 |percentage = 41.92% |change = {{decrease}}6.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jagtap Bajirao Sonaji |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 36,907 |percentage = 21.51% |change = {{decrease}}6.61 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Thawre Gangabhishan Kashinath Rao |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 32,694 |percentage = 19.05% |change = {{increase}}18.22 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dake Datta Jijaba |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 6,067 |percentage = 3.54% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Urne Vasantrao Vishwanathrao |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 5,961 |percentage = 3.47% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vitthaldada Lagad |party = Independent politician |votes = 5,886 |percentage = 3.43% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shaikh Jalal |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,219 |percentage = 1.29% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shaikh Ejajbabar Ismail |party = Rashtriya Lok Dal |votes = 1,545 |percentage = 0.90% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 35,030 |percentage = 20.41% |change = {{increase}}0.54 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 171,596 |percentage = 72.03% |change = {{decrease}}4.03 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 171,593}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 238,225 |ref = |change = {{increase}}20.68 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}6.08 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Majalgaon <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Prakashdada Solanke]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 67,303 |percentage = 48.00% |change = {{increase}}42.14 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jagtap Bajirao Sonaji |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 39,436 |percentage = 28.12% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ingle Arun Rambhau |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 20,097 |percentage = 14.33% |change = {{decrease}}7.61 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sk. Jalal Sk. Khairuddin |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,952 |percentage = 2.82% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Sarwade Bhagwanrao Khanderao |party = Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha |votes = 3,525 |percentage = 2.51% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pawar Barikrao Motiram |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,384 |percentage = 2.41% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Thawre Gangabhishan Kashinath Rao |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 1,166 |percentage = 0.83% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jogdand Bajrang Shamrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 939 |percentage = 0.67% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 27,867 |percentage = 19.87% |change = {{increase}}19.58 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 150,147 |percentage = 76.06% |change = {{increase}}5.73 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 140,222}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 197,395 |ref = |change = {{increase}}1.87 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Independent politician |swing = {{increase}}25.76 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1995 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Majalgaon <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Jagtap Bajirao Sonaji |party = Independent politician |votes = 29,461 |percentage = 22.24% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Radhakrishna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 29,073 |percentage = 21.94% |change = {{decrease}}30.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Solanke Prakash Sundar Rao |party = Independent politician |votes = 27,897 |percentage = 21.05% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Sarwade Bhagwanrao Khanderao |party = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 9,527 |percentage = 7.19% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Panjabrao Maske Patil |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 7,761 |percentage = 5.86% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Solanke Mohanrao Digambarrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 6,552 |percentage = 4.95% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Deshmukh Sudhakar Kishanrao |party = Janata Dal |votes = 4,481 |percentage = 3.38% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Thawre Gangabhishan Kashinath Rao |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 3,026 |percentage = 2.28% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 388 |percentage = 0.29% |change = {{decrease}}32.95 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 136,282 |percentage = 70.33% |change = {{increase}}12.05 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 132,497}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 193,777 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}0.85 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}29.97 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1990 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Majalgaon <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Radhakrishna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 58,209 |percentage = 52.21% |change = {{increase}}8.68 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dak Narayan Govindrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 21,149 |percentage = 18.97% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jagtap Bajirao Sonaji |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 19,646 |percentage = 17.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Burande Gangadhar Appu |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 8,926 |percentage = 8.01% |change = {{increase}}2.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jadhauar Mahadeo Sahebrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 805 |percentage = 0.72% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 37,060 |percentage = 33.24% |change = {{increase}}30.94 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 113,902 |percentage = 58.28% |change = {{increase}}4.45 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 111,487}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 195,435 |ref = |change = {{increase}}26.61 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian Congress (Socialist) |swing = {{increase}}6.38 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Majalgaon <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Mohan Digambar Rao Solunke |party = Indian Congress (Socialist) |votes = 37,200 |percentage = 45.83% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Radhakrishna Sahebrao Patail |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 35,331 |percentage = 43.53% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sarjerao Ranjwan |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 4,712 |percentage = 5.80% |change = {{decrease}}6.60 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vithalrao Maribarao Takankhar |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 2,142 |percentage = 2.64% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mirza Faizulla Baig Ahmad Baig |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,161 |percentage = 1.43% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dayanand Sridhar Rao Swami |party = Independent politician |votes = 628 |percentage = 0.77% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,869 |percentage = 2.30% |change = {{decrease}}0.82 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 83,093 |percentage = 53.83% |change = {{decrease}}8.94 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 81,174}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 154,364 |ref = |change = {{increase}}12.29 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian Congress (Socialist) |loser = Indian National Congress (U) |swing = {{increase}}2.44 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1980 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Majalgaon <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Govindrao Sitaram Dak |party = Indian National Congress (U) |votes = 36,296 |percentage = 43.39% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Solanke Sunderrao Abasaheb |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 33,688 |percentage = 40.27% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gangadharappa Burande |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 10,370 |percentage = 12.40% |change = {{decrease}}30.80 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Murlidhar Balaji Wadmare |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,069 |percentage = 1.28% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mirza Faizulla Baig Ahmad Baig |party = Independent politician |votes = 956 |percentage = 1.14% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chopde Motiram Limbaji |party = Independent politician |votes = 571 |percentage = 0.68% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,608 |percentage = 3.12% |change = {{decrease}}6.57 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 86,284 |percentage = 62.77% |change = {{decrease}}7.15 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 83,652}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 137,469 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.15 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (U) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}9.50 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Majalgaon <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Prakashdada Solanke]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 43,762 |percentage = 52.89% |change = {{decrease}}0.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bapusaheb Eknathrao |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 35,743 |percentage = 43.20% |change = {{increase}}23.66 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gangane Wamanrao Marutirao |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,273 |percentage = 2.75% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sonavane Shriram Madhav |party = Independent politician |votes = 968 |percentage = 1.17% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,019 |percentage = 9.69% |change = {{decrease}}24.13 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 86,474 |percentage = 69.92% |change = {{increase}}34.10 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 82,746}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 123,680 |ref = |change = {{increase}}26.38 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}0.47 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Majalgaon <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Sankeran Nathu Tribhuwan |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 17,759 |percentage = 53.36% |change = {{increase}}6.07 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chakre Babu Sadashiv |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 6,502 |percentage = 19.54% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sudan Waman Rao Rajbhoi |party = Independent politician |votes = 5,021 |percentage = 15.09% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vithal Rao Mariba Rao |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 3,424 |percentage = 10.29% |change = {{decrease}}13.82 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ram Chandrarao More |party = Independent politician |votes = 577 |percentage = 1.73% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 11,257 |percentage = 33.82% |change = {{increase}}11.30 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 35,053 |percentage = 35.82% |change = {{decrease}}6.67 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 33,283}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 97,866 |ref = |change = {{increase}}16.76 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}6.07 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Majalgaon <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Sankeran Nathu Tribhuwan |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 15,426 |percentage = 47.29% |change = {{decrease}}7.15 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = R. L. Ghadale |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 8,080 |percentage = 24.77% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. A. Maske |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 7,864 |percentage = 24.11% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = A. Dwarku |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,248 |percentage = 3.83% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,346 |percentage = 22.52% |change = {{increase}}13.65 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 35,613 |percentage = 42.49% |change = {{increase}}2.96 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 32,618}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 83,821 |ref = |change = {{increase}}20.68 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}7.15 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Majalgaon <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Sripad Rao Kadam |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 13,881 |percentage = 54.44% |change = {{increase}}7.06 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gangadharappa Burande |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 11,618 |percentage = 45.56% |change = {{increase}}23.43 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,263 |percentage = 8.87% |change = {{decrease}}8.02 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 27,458 |percentage = 39.53% |change = {{increase}}16.05 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 25,499}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 69,460 |ref = |change = {{increase}}20.14 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}7.06 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1957 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Manjlegaon <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Sabderali S/o Sujatali |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 6,432 |percentage = 47.38% |change = {{increase}}19.20 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bansidherrao S/o Kesheorao |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,139 |percentage = 30.49% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Athar Babar S/o Ahmed Husain |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 3,004 |percentage = 22.13% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,293 |percentage = 16.89% |change = {{decrease}}13.21 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 13,575 |percentage = 23.48% |change = {{decrease}}10.22 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 13,575}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 57,814 |ref = |change = {{increase}}6.76 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = People's Democratic Front (Hyderabad) |swing = {{decrease}}10.90 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election]] : Manjlegaon <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Hyderabad |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606161433/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf|archive-date=6 June 2016|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Limbaji Muktaji |party = People's Democratic Front (Hyderabad) |votes = 10,635 |percentage = 58.28% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nasik Vasudevrao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 5,142 |percentage = 28.18% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jadhav Dyanobarao |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 1,081 |percentage = 5.92% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bahega Whankar Samrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,015 |percentage = 5.56% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sirsalkar |party = Independent politician |votes = 374 |percentage = 2.05% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,493 |percentage = 30.10% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 18,247 |percentage = 33.70% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 18,247}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 54,151 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = People's Democratic Front (Hyderabad) |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Manjlegaon]]
* [[List of constituencies of Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Beed district topics}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{coords|19.164|76.205|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Beed district]]
[[Category:Politics of Maharashtra]]

Lakshminarayanapuram

2026-05-04T00:23:09Z

StephanieCrowthe: created a pg

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Multiple issues|{{unreferenced|date=June 2013}}{{local|date=June 2013}}{{travel guide|date=June 2013}}
}}

{{coord missing|Kerala}}
'''Lakshminarayana Puram''' is a village in [[Attili mandal]], [[West Godavari district]] of the [[Indian state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. Lakshminarayanapuram ( LKSH ) has its own train station connecting major cities.

Lakshminarayana Puram pin code is 534209 and postal head office is at Mogallu. Lakshminarayana Puram is surrounded by Veeravasaram Mandal towards East, Attili Mandal towards North, Penumantra Mandal towards East and Bhimavaram Mandal towards West.

==External links==
*http://lnpuram.in.

[[Category:Villages in West Godavari district]]

Shabnam Hashmi

2026-04-27T04:50:23Z

StephanieCrowthe: new

{{Short description|Indian social activist and human rights campaigner}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Shabnam Hashmi
| image = Shabnam_Hashmi_Image.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| known_for = Draft Committee member of the "[[Communal Violence Bill]]"
| occupation = Indian social activist and human rights campaigner
| relatives = {{ubl|[[Safdar Hashmi]] (brother)|[[Sohail Hashmi]] (brother)|[[Saba Azad]] (niece)}}
}}
[[File:Shabnam Hashmi 2.jpg|thumb]]
'''Shabnam Hashmi''' (born 1957<ref name="wikipeace">{{Cite web |url=http://wikipeacewomen.org/wpworg/en/?page_id=2416 |title=Shabnam Hashmi (India)}}</ref>) is an Indian social activist and [[human rights]] campaigner. She is the sister of [[Safdar Hashmi]] and [[Sohail Hashmi]]. Safdar Hashmi was a [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|communist]] playwright and director, best known for his work with [[street theatre]] in India.

== Early life ==
She started her social activism campaigning about [[adult literacy]] in 1981. Since 1989 she has spent most of her time in combating communal and fundamentalist forces in India. After the [[2002 Gujarat riots|Gujarat riots of 2002]], Hashmi changed her focus to grass roots work and has spent a considerable amount of time in [[Gujarat]]. In 2003 she was one of the founders of [[ANHAD]] (Act Now for Harmony and Democracy),<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mha-clips-wings-of-ngo-run-by-shabnam-hashmi/story-VOxCFhMIzBud9OMGbx78CJ.html |title=MHA clips wings of NGO run by Shabnam Hashmi |last=Ahuja |first=Rajesh |date=December 16, 2016 |newspaper=Hindustan Times }}</ref> which she administers.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/shabnam-hashmi-challenges-gujarats-claim-of-being-a-model-state/article4986206.ece |title=Shabnam Hashmi challenges Gujarat's claim of being a model State |journal=[[The Hindu]] |date=4 August 2013 |accessdate=8 December 2016}}</ref> Their FCRA license was cancelled based on for working against right-wing violence.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theweek.in/content/archival/news/india/mha-cancels-fcra-licence-of-shabnam-hashmi-anhad-3-other-ngos.html|title=Now, Shabnam Hashmi's ANHAD, 3 other NGOs lose FCRA licence|work=theweek.in|access-date=2018-09-23|archive-date=2018-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923125715/https://www.theweek.in/content/archival/news/india/mha-cancels-fcra-licence-of-shabnam-hashmi-anhad-3-other-ngos.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> She also works in [[Kashmir]], [[Bihar]] and [[Mewat]] area of [[Haryana]].

Hashmi has focused on issues of women's political participation, adoption,<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/when-it-comes-to-adoption-religion-no-bar-supreme-court-551405 |title=When it comes to adoption, religion no bar: Supreme Court |author=Sidharth Pandey |publisher=[[NDTV]] |date=21 February 2014 |accessdate=8 December 2016}}</ref> gender justice, democracy and secularism.

She was awarded the Association for Communal Harmony in Asia (ACHA) Star Award for Communal Harmony in 2005, Aamil Smriti Samman in 2005 and the National Minority Rights Award 2008 by the National Minority Commission.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A CONVERSATION OF PEACE AND HARMONY |url=https://thedailyeye.info/thought-box/a-conversation-of-peace-and-harmony/f445e1f46f90956d |access-date=2024-07-08 |website=thedailyeye.info |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Peace and conflict studies|Peace and Conflict]]
* [[Social Activist]]
* [[Minority rights|Minority Rights]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hashmi, Shabnam}}
[[Category:Indian women's rights activists]]
[[Category:Indian human rights activists]]
[[Category:Indian women human rights activists]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1957 births]]

Me Against Myself

2026-04-26T15:02:35Z

StephanieCrowthe: created article

{{Use British English|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox album
| name = Me Against Myself
| type = studio
| artist = [[Jay Sean]]
| cover = Jay Jean - Me Against Myself.jpg
| alt =
| released = 8 November 2004
| recorded = 2003–2004
| genre = {{hlist|[[Bhangra (music)|Bhangra]]|[[Contemporary R&B|R&B]]|}}
| length = 56:52
| label = {{hlist|[[2Point9 Records|2Point9]]|[[Relentless Records|Relentless]]|[[Virgin Records|Virgin]]}}
| producer = {{hlist|[[Rishi Rich]]|[[Jay Sean]]|Mentor|Iceman J|[[Stargate (production team)|Stargate]]|Paul Brown|Fitzgerald Scott|Peter Biker|Karsten "Delgado" Dahlgaard}}
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title = [[My Own Way (album)|My Own Way]]
| next_year = 2008
| misc = {{Singles
| name = Me Against Myself
| type = studio
| single1 = [[Dance with You (Nachna Tere Naal)|Dance with You]]
| single1date = 8 September 2003
| single2 = [[Eyes on You (Jay Sean song)|Eyes on You]]
| single2date = 21 June 2004
| single3 = [[Stolen (Jay Sean song)|Stolen]]
| single3date = 25 October 2004
}}
}}

'''''Me Against Myself''''' is the debut studio album by [[Jay Sean]], released 8 November 2004 in the United Kingdom, on [[2Point9 Records]], [[Relentless Records]], and [[Virgin Records]].<ref name=Hindu/>

==Reception==

===Commercial performance===
The album includes three [[UK Singles Chart|UK top-20]] hit singles: "[[Dance with You (Nachna Tere Naal)|Dance with You]]" (No. 12), "[[Eyes on You (Jay Sean song)|Eyes on You]]" (No. 6), and "[[Stolen (Jay Sean song)|Stolen]]" (Mo. 4). Noted for its [[Experimental music|experimental]], creative [[Fusion (music)|fusion]] of [[contemporary R&B]], [[British hip hop]] and [[Music of India|Indian music]],<ref name=BoomBox>{{cite web|title=Jay Sean Says He's a 'More Serious' Beatboxer Than Justin Timberlake|date=3 December 2009|author=Nadeska Alexis|publisher=The BoomBox|url=http://www.theboombox.com/2009/12/03/jay-sean-says-hes-a-more-serious-beatboxer-than-justin-timber|accessdate=2009-12-03}}</ref> as well as its social commentary,<ref name=Telegraph/><ref name=Yahoo/> the album was universally acclaimed by critics<ref name=Star/> and sold more than two million copies worldwide, remaining Sean's most successful album to date.<ref name=About>{{cite web|author=Bill Lamb|title=Jay Sean|publisher=[[About.com]]|url=http://top40.about.com/od/s/p/jaysean.htm|accessdate=2009-12-14|archive-date=24 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090924024639/http://top40.about.com/od/s/p/jaysean.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Independent>{{cite news|title=Jay Sean: Ahead of the race|author=Nick Duerden|work=[[The Independent]]|date=6 December 2009|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/jay-sean-ahead-of-the-race-1832823.html|accessdate=2009-12-03 | location=London}}</ref><ref name=mansized>[http://www.mansized.co.uk/reviews/review.phtml/196/323/ Rishi Rich - The Project - Review] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060821194700/http://www.mansized.co.uk/reviews/review.phtml/196/323/ |date=21 August 2006 }}</ref> ''Me Against Myself'' was influential in pioneering and popularizing [[Bhangra (music)|Bhangra]]-R&B fusion music among the worldwide [[South Asia]]n diaspora.<ref name=AsianID>{{YouTube|6ZG_y_UlrZg|Jay Sean- Interview part 1/3}}</ref>

Despite initially failing to reach the top 20 on the [[UK Albums Chart]] (where it peaked at No. 29), the album gradually managed to sell 100,000 copies in the UK<ref name=Duerden/> and went on to become a substantial hit in Asia. "Dance with You" and "One Night" were included on the soundtracks for the [[Bollywood]] films ''[[Boom (2003 film)|Boom]]'' (2003) and ''[[Kyaa Kool Hai Hum]]'' (2005), with Sean making an appearance in the latter, while the Bollywood actress [[Bipasha Basu]] made an appearance in the music video for the song "Stolen".<ref name=Hindu>{{cite web|title=Brit sound, desi flavour|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=23 February 2005|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/02/23/stories/2005022300480200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050224132946/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/02/23/stories/2005022300480200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 February 2005|accessdate=2009-12-08}}</ref> This helped ''Me Against Myself'' sell over two million copies<ref name=Independent/><ref name=mansized/> and become five-times platinum in [[India]].<ref name=billboard>[http://www.billboard.com/articles/review/1071086/jay-sean-featuring-lil-wayne-down Jay Sean Featuring Lil Wayne, "Down" - Preview], ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]''</ref> Beyond India, the album sold over 300,000 copies across other parts of the world,<ref name=Amazon>{{cite web|title=All or Nothing: Jay Sean|website=Amazon |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B002SEW5Y0|accessdate=2009-11-18}}</ref> including [[Europe]], the [[Middle East]], [[Southeast Asia]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Jay Sean Says He's a 'More Serious' Beatboxer Than Justin Timberlake|date=3 December 2009|author=Nadeska Alexis|publisher=The BoomBox|url=http://www.theboombox.com/2009/12/03/jay-sean-says-hes-a-more-serious-beatboxer-than-justin-timber|accessdate=2009-12-08}}</ref> and [[Hong Kong]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Jay Sean: Bad boy turned good|work=[[Belfast Telegraph]]|date=22 January 2008|url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/entertainment/music/news/jay-sean-bad-boy-turned-good-13378016.html|accessdate=2009-12-08}}</ref> His performance of tracks from ''Me Against Myself'' on [[MTV Asia]] (alongside the [[Rishi Rich Project]]) had a television audience as large as 165 million viewers.<ref name=Star>{{cite web|date=15 October 2007|title=Smooth R&B|author=Jason Cheah|work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]|url=http://www.star-ecentral.com/news/story.asp?file=/2007/10/15/music/19148271&sec=music|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015070229/http://www.star-ecentral.com/news/story.asp?file=%2F2007%2F10%2F15%2Fmusic%2F19148271&sec=music|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 October 2007|accessdate=2009-12-08}}</ref> The album helped establish Sean as a major recognized artist across Asia and among the worldwide [[Desi]] diaspora.

===Critical response===
{{Music ratings
| rev1 = [[AllMusic]]
| rev1score = {{rating|3.5|5}}<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/me-against-myself-mw0000470681 | title=Jay Sean - Me Against Myself | publisher=[[AllMusic]] | accessdate=30 August 2012 | first=Jon | last=O'Brien}}</ref>
| rev2 = ''[[The Guardian]]''
| rev2score = {{Rating|3|5}}<ref name=Guardian/>
| rev3 = ''[[Liverpool Daily Post]]''
| rev3score = {{Rating|3|4}}<ref name=Liverpool/>
| rev4 = [[Yahoo! Music]]
| rev4score = {{Rating|8|10}}<ref name=Yahoo/>
| rev5 = ''[[Zambia Post]]''
| rev5score = {{Rating|8|10}}<ref name=Post/>
}}

''Me Against Myself'' was universally acclaimed by critics across the world, particularly for its [[Experimental music|experimental]], creative [[Fusion (music)|fusion]]<ref name=BoomBox/> of [[contemporary R&B]], [[hip hop music]] (including [[Old-school hip-hop|old-school]] and [[British hip hop]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Jay Sean: 'Ride It'|date=21 January 2008|author=Alex Fletcher|publisher=[[Digital Spy]]|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/singlesreviews/a87316/jay-sean-ride-it.html|accessdate=2009-12-08}}</ref> and [[Music of India|Indian music]] (including [[Bhangra (music)|Bhangra]] and [[Bollywood songs|Bollywood music]]), as well as its social commentary. In the UK, Dan Gennoe of [[Yahoo! Music]] gave the album 8 out of 10 stars, referring to ''Me Against Myself'' as "an album of phenomenally accomplished R&B" and "an album of indisputable quality." He praised the [[Music of Asia|Asian musical]] influence, social commentary, and "well adjusted sense of humour", particularly the "hysterical crisis of integrity" shown in the title track "Me Against Myself" where "rapper Sean mercilessly derides his “pansy” singing [[alter ego]]".<ref name="Yahoo">{{cite web |author=Dan Gennoe |date=8 November 2004 |title=Jay Sean - Me Against Myself |url=http://uk.launch.yahoo.com/041108/33/1x9ys.html |url-status=dead |publisher=[[Yahoo! Music]] |accessdate=2009-12-05 |archive-date=9 May 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060509011820/http://uk.launch.yahoo.com/041108/33/1x9ys.html }}</ref> Antony Hatfield of [[BBC Music]] praised the album, stating that it "is of major league significance" and, with "influences that enter from all angles," it is "an album by gifted people with a vision beyond boundaries and a simple devotion to music." In particular, he also praised the title track "Me Against Myself", where Sean's singer and rapper personae go into [[Rap battle|battle]], for its honesty and self-awareness.<ref name=BBC>{{cite web|author=Antony Hatfield|title=Me Against Myself Review|publisher=[[BBC Music]]|date=2004-11-08|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/8nzf/|access-date=2009-12-05}}</ref>

Tareck Ghoneim of [[Contactmusic.com]] also praised the album, referring to Sean as an "[[British Asian|Asian]] sensation" who is breaking barriers "making [[Pop music|pop songs]] that include sounds from Sean’s cultural background and with potential mass appeal." He stated that the "album is progressive in that it shows a fusion of Asian sounds with r’n’b and pop music."<ref name=Contactmusic>{{cite web|author=Tareck Ghoneim|title=Jay Sean - Me Against Myself - Album Review|publisher=[[Contactmusic.com]]|year=2004|url=http://www.contactmusic.com/new/home.nsf/webpages/jayseanx22x11x04|accessdate=2009-12-05}}</ref> Caroline Sullivan of ''[[The Guardian]]'' gave the album 3 out of 5 stars, praising "the Bollysoul arrangements that underscore his vocals", in reference to the fusion of Bollywood and [[soul music]], especially in the song "Stolen".<ref name=Guardian>{{cite news|title=Jay Sean, Me Against Myself (Relentless)|author=Caroline Sullivan|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=5 November 2004|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2004/nov/05/popandrock.shopping10|accessdate=2009-12-06 | location=London}}</ref> The ''[[Liverpool Daily Post]]'' gave the album a score of 3 out of 4 stars.<ref name=Liverpool>{{cite web|title=CD review|work=[[Liverpool Daily Post]]|date=5 November 2004|url=https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-124153082|accessdate=2009-12-08}}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> Peter Culshaw of ''[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]'' referred to the album as "highly accomplished R&B, with minor Indian musical elements", but considered the best tracks in the album to be the hip hop tracks "You Don't Know Me" and "Me Against Myself" for their social commentary which deal with Sean's inner conflicts and the difficulties in "trying to make it as an Asian in the hip-hop arena." Culshaw praised Sean's talent and stated that, "currently attracting the attention of demi-god producer [[Timbaland]], it will be fascinating to see how Sean resolves his musical [[schizophrenia]]."<ref name=Telegraph>{{cite news|author=Peter Culshaw|title=Pop CDs of the week: Eminem, Destiny's Child, Jay Sean, Pavement|date=15 November 2004|work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/cdreviews/3631877/Pop-CDs-of-the-week-Eminem-Destinys-Child-Jay-Sean-Pavement.html|accessdate=2009-12-06 | location=London}}</ref>

The album received similarly positive reviews in Asia, where its British-Asian fusion sounds were also seen as a novelty. In India, A. Vishnu of ''[[The Hindu]]'' stated that, "After having kick-started the `British sound with an Indian flavour' concept, Sean has created a cutting-edge formula, which appeals to Hip-hop fans and Bhangra enthusiasts alike." He concluded that the "album previews the future of Brit-Bhangra music, which sure is here to stay. It's time to take Bhangra to the next level."<ref name=Hindu/> ''[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]]'' stated, "A mixture of R & B, hip hop and rap, it has [[desi]] flavours as well. With bhangra influences in the background, this album is one of the most popular UK Asian crossover offerings till date."<ref name=Statesman>{{cite web|title=Jay Sean: Me Against Myself|work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]]|date=25 March 2005|url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-19223534_ITM|accessdate=2009-12-08}}</ref> In Malaysia, Kiren Kaur of ''[[New Straits Times]]'' also praised the album, referring to the songs "Eyes On You" and "Dance With You" in particular as "dance-floor favourites with the fusion of Desi rhythms with R&B tones."<ref name="Kaur">{{cite web |author=Kiren Kaur |date=9 January 2005 |title=Danceable Jay |url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-18530665_ITM |accessdate=2009-12-08 |work=[[New Straits Times]]}}</ref> In the African country of [[Zambia]], Candice Soobramoney of the ''[[Zambia Post]]'' gave the album a rating of 8/10.<ref name=Post>{{cite web|title=Good food and fast horses|author=Candice Soobramoney|work=[[Zambia Post]]|date=29 June 2005|url=http://www.thepost.co.za/index.php?fSectionId=738&fArticleId=2603680|accessdate=2009-12-08}}</ref>

The creativity and experimentalism of his debut album ''Me Against Myself'' later became a point of criticism towards Sean's more mainstream follow-up albums, ''[[My Own Way (album)|My Own Way]]'' (2008) and ''[[All or Nothing (Jay Sean album)|All or Nothing]]'' (2009), for lacking the experimental British-Asian fusion sounds (alongside [[Rishi Rich]]) and the social commentary that had characterized his debut album ''Me Against Myself'', in favour of mainstream American-influenced R&B pop music in his later albums.<ref>{{cite web|author=Mike Diver|title=Jay Sean All or Nothing Review|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=2009-12-04|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/5zfd/|access-date=2009-12-05}}</ref><ref name=Batey/> In his review of ''My Own Way'', Angus Batey of ''The Guardian'' stated that Sean "has lost - not for ever, one hopes - the stuff that made him stand out" in ''Me Against Myself''.<ref name=Batey>{{cite news|author=Angus Batey|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/apr/25/urban|title=Jay Sean, My Own Way|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=2009-12-08 | location=London | date=2008-04-25}}</ref> Sean later responded that the reason he gave up on the Indian-R&B fusion music that he helped popularize is because it had eventually become too common in [[Asian Underground]] and [[Indian pop]] music.<ref name=AsianID/>

==Track listing==
{{Track listing
| headline = ''Me Against Myself'' track listing
| extra_column = Producer(s)
| title1 = Intro
| note1 = Balcony skit
| extra1 = Jay Sean, [[Rishi Rich]]
| length1 = 0:59
| title2 = [[Eyes on You (Jay Sean song)|Eyes on You]]
| extra2 = Rishi Rich, [[Stargate (production team)|StarGate]]
| length2 = 3:11
| title3 = One Night
| extra3 = Rishi Rich
| length3 = 4:08
| title4 = Don't Rush
| extra4 = Rishi Rich
| length4 = 3:49
| title5 = On & On
| extra5 = Peter Biker, Karsten "Delgado" Dahlgaard
| length5 = 3:39
| title6 = [[Stolen (Jay Sean song)|Stolen]]
| extra6 = StarGate, Rishi Rich
| length6 = 4:04
| title7 = Come with Me
| extra7 = Paul Brown, Rishi Rich
| length7 = 4:11
| title8 = Holding On
| extra8 = Rishi Rich
| length8 = 4:37
| title9 = Interlude
| note9 = Irony skit
| extra9 = Jay Sean, Mentor
| length9 = 1:01
| title10 = [[Dance with You (Nachna Tere Naal)|Dance with You]]
| note10 = featuring [[Rishi Rich]] and [[Juggy D]]
| extra10 = Iceman J, Rishi Rich
| length10 = 2:56
| title11 = Man's World ([[Taal (film)#Soundtrack|Ramta Jogi]])
| extra11 = Paul Brown, Rishi Rich, [[A. R. Rahman]]
| length11 = 3:44
| title12 = I Believe in You
| extra12 = Fitzgerald Scott
| length12 = 3:23
| title13 = One Minute
| extra13 = Jay Sean, Rishi Rich
| length13 = 4:04
| title14 = Meri Jaan
| note14 = featuring Juggy D
| extra14 = Rishi Rich
| length14 = 3:11
| title15 = Me Against Myself
| extra15 = Jay Sean, Mentor
| length15 = 3:11
| title16 = You Don't Know Me
| note16 = hidden track
| extra16 = Jay Sean, Rishi Rich
| length16 = 3:00
| title17 = Who Is Kamaljit
| note17 = hidden track
| extra17 = Jay Sean, Mentor
| length17 = 3:44
| total_length = 56:52
}}

==Music videos==
*{{YouTube|NNJNlhfLr6A|Dance With You}}
*{{YouTube|LjCpoDdTJ1g|Eyes On You}}
*{{YouTube|QWD9LWrYyIo|Stolen}}
*{{YouTube|3xsy-dnfpaA|One Night}}
*{{YouTube|MrEAsH8AJBc|Me Against Myself}}

==Charts and certifications==
{|class="wikitable"
|+Chart performance and certifications for "Me Against Myself"
!align="left"|Country
!align="left"|Providers
!align="left"|Peak position
!align="left"|Certification
!align="left"|Shipments/Sales
|-
|align="left"|[[UK Albums Chart|United Kingdom]]
|align="left"|[[The Official UK Charts Company]]
|align="center"|29
|align="left"|Gold<ref>[http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx BPI certification search engine] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090924015932/http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx |date=24 September 2009 }}</ref>
|align="left"|100,000<ref name=Duerden>{{cite news|title=Jay Sean: Ahead of the race|author=Nick Duerden|work=[[The Independent]]|date=6 December 2009|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/jay-sean-ahead-of-the-race-1832823.html|accessdate=2009-12-06 | location=London}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Jay Sean}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2004 debut albums]]
[[Category:Albums produced by Stargate]]
[[Category:Jay Sean albums]]

Thirumeninathar temple

2026-04-25T04:14:18Z

StephanieCrowthe: place

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox temple
| name = Thirumeninathar temple
| image = Thiruchuzhi (23).jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu
| map_caption = Location in [[Tamil Nadu]]
| coordinates = {{coord|9.7|78.483|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| other_names =
| proper_name =
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Virudhunagar district|Virudhunagar]]
| location = [[Thiruchuli]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = Bhoominathar ([[Shiva]])
Thirumeninathar ([[Shiva]])

| Direction_posture =
| Pushakarani =
| Vimanam =
| Poets =
| Prathyaksham =
| festivals=
| architecture = [[Dravidian architecture]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website =
}}

'''Thirumeninathar temple''' (also called '''Boominathar temple''' or '''Tiruchuli temple''') is a [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to the deity [[Shiva]], located in [[Tiruchuli]] in [[Virudhunagar district]], in the [[South India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. Shiva is worshipped as Thirumeninathar, and is represented by the ''[[lingam]]''. His consort [[Parvati]] is depicted as Thunaimalaiyammai Amman. The temple is located on the [[Virudhunagar]]–[[Manamadurai]] road. The presiding deity is revered in the 7th-century-CE Tamil Saiva canonical work, the ''[[Tevaram]]'', written by Tamil saint poets known as the [[nayanmars]] and classified as ''[[Paadal Petra Sthalam]]''. The temple is closely associated with [[Sundarar]], who has sung praises about the presiding deity. This shrine is regarded as the 12th of the Tevara Stalams in the Pandya region of Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.shivatemples.com/pnaadu/pn12.php | title = Tirumeninathar Temple, Tiruchuzhiyal|year=1999|accessdate=1 August 2020 | publisher = Shiva Temples of Tamilnadu}}</ref>

The temple complex covers an area of two and half acres and all its shrines are enclosed with concentric rectangular walls. The temple has a number of shrines, with those of Thirumeninathar, his consort Thunaimalai Amman and Pralayavitankar being the most prominent. The temple has three daily rituals at various times from 6:00 a.m. to 8:30 p.m., and many yearly festivals on its calendar. The Thirukalyana festival during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil month]] of ''Panguni'' (February–March) and Chitra Pournamai are the most prominent festivals celebrated in the temple.

Tiruchli is the birthplace of [[Ramana Maharishi]], a prominent Saivite saint. The original complex is believed to have been built by [[Pandyas]], with later additions from different ruling dynasties. In modern times, the temple is maintained and administered by the [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]] of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].

== Legend ==
[[File:Thiruchuzhi (14).jpg|250px|thumb|left|Image of the legend associated with the temple]]
The Dinakareswara Lingam was worshipped by the Sun, according to the legends associated with this temple. Parvati is said to have meditated upon Shiva, seeking his hand in marriage; this event is commemorated in the Amman Tapas Utsavam in the month of Aadi for 10 days each year. The place is believed to have been the one where Shiva diverted the floods away from the place during the great deluge. Since Shiva swirled floods here, the place came to be known as ''Tiruchuli'' (''Chuli'' [[Tamil language|Tamil]] means swirl). [[Sundarar|Sundaramoorthy Nayanar]] is believed to have visited this temple with the Chera King Cheramaan Perumal. Shiva appeared in the dreams of Sundarar while he was staying at this place in a [[Matha|Mutt]]. He appeared as a young individual with a golden bouquet in his hand and a swirl in his head.<ref name=dinamalar/> The presiding deity is believed to have been worshipped by [[Vishnu]], [[Indra]], [[Brahma]], [[Sun]], [[Bhoomidevi]], sage Gowthama, [[Agaliya|Agaliga]], [[Kanva]], [[Arjuna]], [[Chitrangi|Chitrangadai]] and Cheraman Perumal. Tiruchli is the birthplace of [[Ramana Maharishi]], a prominent Saivite saint.<ref name=Saiva4/>

==Architecture==
{{Multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center
|align=right
| total_width = 400
| width1 = 3264 | height1 = 2448
| width2 = 3264 | height2 = 2448
|direction=horizontal
|image1=Thiruchuzhi (4).jpg
|image2=Thiruchuzhi (2).jpg
|footer=Pillared halls of the temple
}}
This temple is located 55 km from Madurai. The nearest town [[Aruppukottai]] is about 15 km away from this temple. The temple spans an area of about {{convert|45000|sqft|m2}}. There are several shrines and waterbodies within this temple complex and around it. The Shiva and Ambal shrines both face the East. The presiding deity lord Shiva is called as Tirumeni Nathar, Bhoominathar and his consort Parvathy is called as Tunaimaalainayaki. The presiding deity Thirueninathar is housed in the sanctum that has a moat surrounding it. The image of Thirumeninathar is in the form of a square-shaped [[Linga]]. of The Kauvaikkadal tank with a central mandapam is located axial to the sanctum and outside the entrance tower. There are shrines of Pralaya Vitankar and the Palani Andavar in this temple. The ''sthala vriksham'' (temple tree) is Punnai tree and the Theertham is Kauvaikkadal tank. The temple is approached via Kudavarai entrance and the Kambathadi hall is located near the entrance. The Sabha hall houses the image of [[Nataraja]]. The hall also houses the image of sage Gowthama and Akalika. The Ambal shrine also faces East and has a separate parallel entrance. The hall opposite to the sanctum of Ambal has a Srichakra in the ceiling.<ref name=Saiva4>{{cite book|title=Saiva Encyclopaedia volume 4 - Thirumurai Thalangal|editor-last=Dr. R.|editor-first=Selvaganapathy|publisher=Saint Sekkizhaar Human Resource Development Charitable Trust|location=Chennai, India|year=2013|pages=230–1}}</ref>

Architecturally, the temple is considered similar to that of [[Meenakshi Temple|Madurai Meenakshi Amman temple]] and [[Ramanathaswamy Temple|Rameswaram temple]]. The [[Ramanathapuram]] rulers have traditionally maintained this temple. In modern times, the temple is maintained and administered by the [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]] of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].<ref name=HRCE>{{cite web|title=Thirukoil - Temple list of Tamil Nadu|url=https://tnhrce.gov.in/resources/docs/temple_list.pdf|publisher=Hindu Religious & Charitable Endowments Department, Government of Tamil Nadu|pages=428|access-date=1 August 2020|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009010850/https://tnhrce.gov.in/resources/docs/temple_list.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Festivals==
{{Multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center
|align=right
| total_width = 400
| width1 = 3264 | height1 = 2448
| width2 = 3264 | height2 = 2448
|direction=horizontal
|image1=Thiruchuzhi (13).jpg
|image2=Thiruchuzhi (9).jpg
|footer=Shrines of the temple
}}

[[Sundarar]], an 8th-century Tamil ''Saivite'' poet, venerated Bhaktajaneswarar in ten verses in ''[[Tevaram]]'', compiled as the ''[[Tirumurai|Ninth Tirumurai]]''. As the temple is revered in ''Tevaram'', it is classified as ''[[Paadal Petra Sthalam]]'', one of the 276 temples that find mention in the Saiva canon.

The temple priests perform the ''[[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]]'' (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. The temple rituals are performed three times a day; ''Kalasanthi'' at 8:00 a.m., ''Uchikalam'' at 12:00 a.m. and ''Sayarakshai'' at 6:00 p.m. Each ritual comprises four steps: ''[[abhisheka]]'' (sacred bath), ''alangaram'' (decoration), ''[[Naivedhya|naivethanam]]'' (food offering) and ''deepa aradanai'' (waving of lamps) for Bhaktajaneswarar and Gnanambigai. Unlike other shiva temples, anointing with oil is not performed in the temple.<ref name=R/> There are weekly rituals like ''{{lang|te-Latn|somavaram}}'' (Monday) and ''{{lang|te-Latn|sukravaram}}'' (Friday), fortnightly rituals like ''[[pradosha]]m'', and monthly festivals like ''[[amavasya|amavasai]]'' (new moon day), ''kiruthigai'', ''[[pournami (festival)|pournami]]'' (full moon day) and ''sathurthi''. The prime festival, the Bhrammotsavam is celebrated during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil]] month of ''Panguni'' (April0 May). The other festivals celebrated are the Palani Andavar festival in Thai and The Amman Tapas festival is celebrated during the Tamil month of ''Aadi''.<ref name=dinamalar>{{cite web|title=Sri Thirumeninathar temple|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=606|publisher=[[Dinamalar]]|year=2014|accessdate=24 November 2015}}</ref><ref name=R>{{cite book|title=An introduction to religion and Philosophy - Tévarám and Tivviyappirapantam|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.jZY9lup2kZl6TuXGlZQdjZY2lZpy.TVA_BOK_0006115|last=R.|first=Dr. Vijayalakshmy|
publisher=International Institute of Tamil Studies| location=Chennai|year=2001|edition=1st|pages=372–3}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{cite web | url = http://www.thevaaram.org/thirumurai_1/koil_view.php?koil_idField=142 | title = தண்டலைநீணெறி}}
*{{cite web | url = http://www.templenet.com/Tamilnadu/s136.html | work = Abodes of Shiva | title = 136. Tiruchuzhial | publisher = The Temple Net}}

{{Famous Shiva temples}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Virudhunagar district]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Madurai]]
[[Category:Padal Petra Stalam]]
[[Category:Shiva temples in Virudhunagar district]]

Sumit Sangwan

2026-04-24T12:03:36Z

StephanieCrowthe: stub

{{Short description|Indian boxer (born 1993)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Sumit Sangwan
| image =
| image_size =
| nationality = [[India]]n
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1993|1|1}}
| birth_place = Shekhpura village, [[Karnal district]], [[Haryana]], India<ref name=bg_1>{{cite news |last=Sharma |first=Nitin |title=Teens book London berths, India's Games boxing squad is largest ever at seven |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/teens-book-london-berths-indias-games-boxing-squad-is-largest-ever-at-seven/935704/ |accessdate=6 August 2012 |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |date=12 April 2012}}</ref>
| death_date =
| death_place =
| deathcause =
| height =
| weight =
| occupation = [[Sportsperson|Sportsman]]
| sport = [[Boxing]]
| event = asian championship 2017 silver
| club = [[Bhiwani Boxing Club]]
| team =
| retired =
| coaching =
| worlds =
| nationals =
| olympics =
| highestranking =
| pb =
}}

'''Sumit Sangwan''' (born 1 January 1993) is an Indian [[amateur boxing|amateur boxer]].

At the [[2012 London Olympics]], he participated in the [[light heavyweight]] category.<ref name=Oly_Qual>{{cite news |last=Sejwal |first=Ritu |title=Teenagers Shiva Thapa and Sumit Sangwan qualify for London Games |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tournaments/london-olympics/Teenagers-Shiva-Thapa-and-Sumit-Sangwan-qualify-for-London-Games/articleshow/12630042.cms |accessdate=6 August 2012 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=12 April 2012}}</ref> Under controversial circumstances, he lost his bout to [[Yamaguchi Falcão Florentino]].<ref name=NDTV>{{cite web |title=London 2012 Boxing: Sumit Sangwan loses but India lodges protest |url=http://sports.ndtv.com/olympics-2012/news/item/194415-london-2012-boxing-sumit-sangwan-loses-a-battle-he-should-have-won |work=Indo-Asian News Service |publisher=[[NDTV]] |accessdate=6 August 2012}}</ref>

He is supported by [[Olympic Gold Quest]].

==Early life and career==
Sangwan was born on 1 January 1993 in Shekhpura village of [[Haryana]] state's [[Karnal district]] to a [[Jat people|Jat]] family.<ref name=birth>{{cite news |title=Sumit Sangwan: Profile 2012 London Olympics |url=http://zeenews.india.com/sports/london-olympics-2012/indian-athletes-profile/sumit-sangwan-profile-2012-london-olympics_745727.html |accessdate=6 August 2012 |newspaper=[[Zee News]] |date=17 July 2012}}</ref><ref name="Lohumi">{{cite news |last1=Lohumi |first1=Bhanu P |title=Sangwan's Shekhpura village to boycott viewing of Olympics |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2012/20120802/haryana.htm#18 |accessdate=21 October 2018 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)]] |agency=Tribune News Service |date=2 August 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120802135205/http://www.tribuneindia.com:80/2012/20120802/haryana.htm#18 |archivedate=2 August 2012 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> He started his career at avery early age, picking up the gloves when he was only 11, at his uncle’s boxing academy in the village. He soon showed his mettle and went from the state levels to the national levels when he was only 16. After shining through the national levels by winning two gold medals, he came to the spotlight when he won the Gold at the Asian Olympic Qualifiers in Astana, [[Kazakhstan]] in April 2012. He kept the faith of the national selectors when he qualified for the [[London Olympics 2012|London Olympics]] after he was picked for the Olympic qualifiers over 2010 [[Asian Games]] silver medalist and Olympian Dinesh Kumar.

Sumit Sangwan represented India in the [[AIBA World Boxing Championships]] in [[Almaty]] [[Kazakhstan]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Sangwan |first=Sumit |title=Sumit Sangwan selected for World Boxing Championship, Kazakhstan |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-08-28/boxing/41537078_1_vijender-singh-indian-boxing-team-gold-medallist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018030634/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-08-28/boxing/41537078_1_vijender-singh-indian-boxing-team-gold-medallist |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 October 2013 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |accessdate=28 August 2013 }}</ref> He lost out to [[Adilbek Niyazymbetov]] of Kazakhstan in the quarterfinals of the World Boxing Championships.<ref>{{cite news |title=India end campaign without medals for first time in 4 years |url=http://sports.ndtv.com/othersports/boxing/215991-world-boxing-championships-india-end-campaign-without-medals-for-first-time-in-4-years?pform=showcase |newspaper=NDTV Sports}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Indian boxers make history at World Boxing Championship |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-23/boxing/43324222_1_indian-boxers-gurbax-singh-sandhu-sumit-sangwan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131026015244/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-23/boxing/43324222_1_indian-boxers-gurbax-singh-sandhu-sumit-sangwan |url-status=dead |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |archive-date=2013-10-26 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Indian challenge ends in World Boxing Championship |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-24/boxing/43361991_1_shiva-thapa-manoj-kumar-sumit-sangwan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131027103309/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-24/boxing/43361991_1_shiva-thapa-manoj-kumar-sumit-sangwan |url-status=dead |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |archive-date=2013-10-27 }}</ref>

Sumit participated in the [[World Series of Boxing]] for American outfit USA Knockouts in 2014.

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sangwan, Sumit}}
[[Category:1993 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Olympic boxers for India]]
[[Category:Indian male boxers]]
[[Category:Boxers at the 2012 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Boxers at the 2014 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games boxers for India]]
[[Category:Boxers from Haryana]]
[[Category:People from Karnal district]]
[[Category:Light-heavyweight boxers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]

Babush Monserrate

2026-04-19T11:00:18Z

StephanieCrowthe: creating new info

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1962)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Babush Monserrate
| nickname = Babush
| birth_name = Atanasio Monserrate
| birth_date = {{bda|1962|12|20|df=y}}
| image = Babush Monserrate.png
| caption = Monserrate in 2023
| office = Minister of Revenue
Labour
Waste Management
| term_start = March 2022
| term_end =
| office2 = Member of Goa Legislative Assembly
| constituency2 = [[Panaji Assembly constituency|Panaji]]
| predecessor2 = [[Manohar Parrikar]]
| term_start2 = 2019
| office3 = Member of Goa Legislative Assembly
| constituency3 = [[St. Cruz Assembly constituency|St. Cruz]]
| predecessor3 = [[Victoria Fernandes]]
| successor3 = [[Antonio Fernandes (politician)|Antonio Fernandes]]
| term_start3 = 2012
| term_end3 = 2017
| office4 = Member of Goa Legislative Assembly
| constituency4 = [[Taleigao Assembly constituency|Taleigao]]
| predecessor4 = [[Somnath Zuwarkar]]
| successor4 = [[Jennifer Monserrate]]
| term_start4 = 2002
| term_end4 = 2012
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (2004–2005, since 2019)
| other_party = {{ubl|
* [[United Goans Democratic Party]] (2002–2004)
* [[Indian National Congress]] (2005–2015, 2019–2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/babush-monserrate-joins-congress-leaves-goa-forward-in-the-lurch-5682282/|title=Babush Monserrate joins Congress, leaves Goa Forward in the lurch|date=18 April 2019}}</ref>
* [[United Goans Party]] (2017–2017)
* [[Goa Forward Party]] (2017–2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://scroll.in/article/807672/a-brief-survey-of-the-controversial-career-of-babush-monserrate-goan-mla-arrested-for-rape|title=A brief survey of the controversial career of Babush Monserrate, the Goan MLA arrested for rape|first=Pamela|last=D’Mello|date=5 May 2016|website=Scroll.in}}</ref>
}}
| spouse = [[Jennifer Monserrate]]
}}

'''Atanasio "Babush" Monserrate''' (born 20 December 1962)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile |url=https://www.goavidhansabha.gov.in/member_detail.php?mem_id=29 |access-date=2026-02-06 |website=www.goavidhansabha.gov.in}}</ref> is an Indian social worker<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bajwa |first=Sudhir Suryawanshi , Harpreet |date=2022-02-09 |title=Atanasio Monserrate Babush: Social worker candidate in Goa owns fleet of cars |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/Jan/31/atanasio-monserrate-babush-social-worker-candidate-in-goa-owns-fleet-of-cars-2413812.html |access-date=2026-02-20 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> and politician who is a four-term member of the [[Goa Legislative Assembly]]. He is a current member of the [[Goa Legislative Assembly]] from [[Panaji Assembly constituency]]. He was the [[Member of Legislative Assembly]] for [[Taleigao]]. He is married to [[Jennifer Monserrate]], [[Member of Legislative Assembly]], [[Taleigao]].<ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Monserrate-locks-horns-with-Parsekar/articleshow/51438758.cms|title=Monserrate locks horns with Parsekar|work=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=17 March 2016 |accessdate=16 May 2016}}</ref>

He was one of the ten members of [[Indian National Congress]] who joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in July 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/goa/10-former-goa-congress-mlas-who-joined-bjp-to-meet-amit-shah-today-2218359.html|title=10 former Goa Congress MLAs, who joined BJP, reach Delhi to meet Amit Shah|website=Zee News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/congress-splits-in-40-member-goa-assembly-10-of-15-mlas-may-join-bjp-1562771258050.html|title=In fresh jolt to Congress in Goa, 10 party legislators switch to BJP|work=mint |date=10 July 2019 |last1=Ghadyalpatil |first1=Abhiram }}</ref>

==Personal life==
Monserrate is married to fellow legislator [[Jennifer Monserrate]], who serves as a MLA from Taleigao constituency.<ref name=":0" /> Together the couple have a son, Rohit who is a five-time Mayor of [[Panjim]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rohit becomes first CCP Mayor to serve full five-year term |url=https://www.thegoan.net/goa-news/rohit-becomes-first-ccp-mayor-to-serve-full-fiveyear-term/128236.html |access-date=2026-02-20 |website=The Goan EveryDay |language=en}}</ref>

==Political career==
Babush contested his first election in 2002 on a [[United Goans Democratic Party]] ticket from the [[Taleigao]] Vidhan Sabha constituency. His opponent was two-term sitting member of the Assembly Somnath Datta Zuwarkar from the [[Indian National Congress]]. Monserrate defeated Zuwarkar by about two thousand votes and was elected for the very first time to the Goa assembly.<ref name=traceall>{{cite web|url=http://elections.traceall.in/vidhan-sabha-assembly-election-results/Taleigao-in-Goa|title=Election Results in Taleigao, Goa|publisher=elections.traceall.in|accessdate=8 October 2017}}</ref>

Babush was made a Minister of Town and Country Planning in the [[Manohar Parrikar]] led Government. In 2005, he and two other ministers resigned from the [[Manohar Parrikar]] led Government leaving it in a minority and thus bringing down the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] [[Government of Goa]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2005/01/30/stories/2005013005210100.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=Crisis in Goa as three BJP MLAs quit|date=2005-01-30|accessdate=8 October 2017}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

In the coming by-election, Babush switched sides and fought the election on an [[Indian National Congress]] ticket and won the election by defeating Silveira Agnelo Mariano of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] by about four thousand votes.<ref name=traceall/> He was made a minister in the Congress government under Chief Minister [[Pratapsingh Rane]]. In the 2007 assembly elections, Monserrate was pitted against Silveira Agnelo Marian of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].{{citation needed|date=October 2017}}

Babush won that election by about two thousand votes<ref name=traceall/> and was appointed the Education minister of the state under Chief Minister [[Digambar Kamat]]. In the 2012, assembly election he vacated his safe seat of [[Taleigao]] for his wife [[Jennifer Monserrate]] and contested from the [[Santa Cruz, Goa|Santa Cruz]] constituency. Monserrate won that election on a Congress ticket defeating Rodolfo Louis Fernandes by about two thousand three hundred votes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://elections.traceall.in/vidhan-sabha-assembly-election-results/Santa-Cruz-in-Goa|title=Last Election Results in Santa Cruz, Goa|publisher=elections.traceall.in|accessdate=8 October 2017}}</ref>

In that same election, Monserrate's wife Jennifer Monserrate also won her election from the [[Taleigao]] Vidhan Sabha constituency thus making history of sorts by having a wife and husband to be elected to the Goa Assembly.<ref name=traceall/><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.navhindtimes.in/either-jennifer-or-tony-may-make-sacrifice-for-babush|title=Either Jennifer or Tony may make sacrifice for Babush|work=Navhindtimes.in}}</ref> He was expelled from the Indian National Congress in 2015 for six years for "anti-party activities".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Congress-expels-Babush-for-6-yrs/articleshow/46534183.cms|title=Congress expels Babush for 6 years|work=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=12 March 2015 |accessdate=16 May 2016}}</ref>

Monserrate contested the 2017 election from the [[Panaji (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]] and lost to Sidharth Sripad Kuncalienker of the Bharatiya Janata Party by about a thousand votes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://elections.traceall.in/vidhan-sabha-assembly-election-results/Santa-Cruz-in-Goa|title=Last Election Results in Panaji, Goa|publisher=traceall.in|accessdate=8 October 2017}}</ref>

In July 2017 Monserrate joined the [[Goa Forward Party]].<ref>[https://www.goanews.com/news_disp.php?newsid=7616 Babush joins Goa Forward, to support Parrikar in Panaji], goanews.com; accessed 8 October 2017. {{Archive url|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025070046/https://www.goanews.com/news_disp.php?newsid=7616|date=2017-10-25}}</ref><ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/ponnjekars-have-reposed-faith-in-parrikar-says-babush/articleshow/60266756.cms Ponnjekars have reposed faith in Parrikar, says Babush], timesofindia.indiatimes.com; accessed 8 October 2017.</ref><ref>[http://indianexpress.com/article/india/walkover-for-manohar-parrikar-babush-monserrate-joins-ruling-goa-forward-leaves-congress-in-the-lurch-4766593/ Walkover for Manohar Parrikar? Babush Monserrate joins ruling Goa Forward, leaves Congress in the lurch], indianexpress.com; accessed 8 October 2017.</ref>

He contested the 2019 bypoll from [[Panaji Assembly constituency]] and won. He joined the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] soon after his win.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/goa/10-former-goa-congress-mlas-who-joined-bjp-to-meet-amit-shah-today-2218359.html|title=10 former Goa Congress MLAs, who joined BJP, reach Delhi to meet Amit Shah|website=Zee News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/congress-splits-in-40-member-goa-assembly-10-of-15-mlas-may-join-bjp-1562771258050.html|title=In fresh jolt to Congress in Goa, 10 party legislators switch to BJP|work=mint |date=10 July 2019 |last1=Ghadyalpatil |first1=Abhiram }}</ref>

He was re-elected in [[2022 Goa Legislative Assembly election]] as a [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate defeating Independent candidate and son of Former CM [[Manohar Parrikar]], Utpal Parrikar by over 700 votes.<ref name=results2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14168-goa-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Goa General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 17 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceogoa.nic.in/pdf/ELECTION/Voter%20Turnout%20GE-2022.pdf |title=General Elections 2022 to Goa Legislatie Assembly - AC wise Voter Turnout |access-date=23 January 2025}}</ref>

==Rape allegations==
In May 2016, [[Goa Police]] arrested Monserrate for rape of a minor from Nepal.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Goa-rape-case-MLA-Atanasio-Monserrates-police-custody-extended-by-3-days/articleshow/52186121.cms|title=Goa rape case: MLA Atanasio Monserrate's police custody extended by 3 days|work=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=9 May 2016 |accessdate=16 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Babush-Monserrate-gets-special-privileges-in-custody/articleshow/52170107.cms|title=Babush Monserrate gets special privileges in custody|work=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=8 May 2016 |accessdate=16 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/before-rape-goa-mla-bought-minor-girl-for-rs-50-lakh-321890-2016-05-05|title=Before rape, Goa MLA 'bought' minor girl for Rs 50 lakh|work=indiatoday.intoday.in|date=6 May 2016 |access-date=16 May 2016}}</ref> 

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category inline}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Monserrate, Atanasio}}
[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Goa]]
[[Category:Goa MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Indian prisoners and detainees]]
[[Category:Crime in Goa]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Politicians from North Goa district]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Goa]]
[[Category:Goa Forward Party politicians]]
[[Category:United Goans Party politicians]]
[[Category:Goa MLAs 2002–2007]]
[[Category:Goa MLAs 2007–2012]]
[[Category:Goa MLAs 2012–2017]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Goa]]

Victoria Fernandes

2026-04-16T08:57:41Z

StephanieCrowthe: details

{{Short description|Indian politician (1934–2019)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Victoria Fernandes
| image = Victoria Fernandes at Independence Day 2015.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Fernandes in 2015
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1934|7|26|df=y}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2019|9|7|1934|7|26|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Curtorim]], [[Portuguese Goa]]
| resting_place = Holy Cross Church, [[Santa Cruz, Goa]]
| nickname = Mummy
| spouse = {{marriage|Romeo|1954}}
| children = 8, including [[Rodolfo Fernandes (politician)|Rodolfo Fernandes]]
| occupation =
| years_active =
| known_for =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]] (1999–2012)
| other_party = {{plainlist |
* [[Janata Party]] (1984)
* [[Gomantak Lok Pox]] (c. 1989)
}}
| awards =
| office1 = Member of [[Goa Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency1 = [[St. Cruz Assembly constituency|St. Cruz]]
| predecessor1 = Victor Gonsalves
| successor1 = [[Babush Monserrate]]
| term_start1 = 1994
| term_end1 = 2012
| office2 = '''Deputy Speaker''' of [[Goa Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start2 = 2005
| term_end2 = 2007
| appointer2 = [[Pratapsingh Rane]]
}}

'''Victoria Fernandes''' (26 July 1934 – 7 September 2019), also known as '''Mummy''',<ref name="HeraldMummy19">{{Cite web |last1=Team |first1=Herald |date=2019-09-07 |title=St Cruz's 'Mummy' no more, funeral on Mon |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/St-Cruz%E2%80%99s-%E2%80%98Mummy%E2%80%99-no-more-funeral-on-Mon/150968 |access-date=2025-01-27 |website=Herald Goa |language=en}}</ref> was an Indian politician who represented the [[St. Cruz Assembly constituency]] for four terms.<ref name="MalkarnekarPassesAwayToI19">{{Cite news |last=Malkarnekar |first=Gauree |date=2019-09-07 |title=Former deputy speaker of Goa assembly Victoria Fernandes passes away |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/former-deputy-speaker-of-goa-assembly-victoria-fernandes-passes-away/articleshow/71021114.cms |access-date=2025-01-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Early and personal life==
Victoria Fernandes was born in [[Curtorim]] on 26 July 1934 and had an [[identical twin]] sister. Her parents considered their birth as a blessing by [[Saint Anne]], whose feast is celebrated around that day. Her father was a range forest officer. She spent most of her childhood in [[Belgaum]]. Her journeys with her father in the jungles of [[North Canara]], during which she saw the poor condition of the tribals there, inspired her to serve people.<ref name="MalkarnekarFeistyToI19">{{Cite news |last=Malkarnekar |first=Gauree |date=2019-09-08 |title=Feisty Victoria, 'Mummy' to Goans and 'minister of masses', dies at 85 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/feisty-victoria-mummy-to-goans-and-minister-of-masses-dies-at-85/articleshow/71029906.cms |access-date=2025-01-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Fernandes grew up getting inspired by the stories of [[Saint Maria Goretti]], [[Joan of Arc]], [[Rani of Jhansi]] and [[Florence Nightingale]]. She initially decided to be a nun. She then decided to be a nurse and even passed the examination, when her marriage was fixed.<ref name="MalkarnekarFeistyToI19" /><ref name="AccidentalHerald19">{{Cite web |date=2019-09-07 |title=Victoria: An accidental politician who wanted to be nun or nurse... |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/goa/victoria-an-accidental-politician-who-wanted-to-be-nun-or-nurse-/150958 |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=Herald Goa |language=en}}</ref>

At the age of 20, she married Romeo.<ref name="MalkarnekarPassesAwayToI19" /> She made sure that the marriage was on her terms, allowing no discussions about [[caste]], [[creed]] or [[dowry]]. She later credited her husband with being supportive of her social and political work. They returned to Goa just before the [[liberation of Goa]] in 1961.<ref name="MalkarnekarFeistyToI19" />

Fernandes loved theatre and, despite her mother-in-law's objections and her own busy lifestyle, acted in a few plays.<ref name="MalkarnekarPassesAwayToI19" /> She would act in plays during the Legislators' Day celebrations.<ref name="RosarioAffableGoan19" /> She made a cameo appearance in the film, ''[[Goonj (1989 film)|Goonj]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rodrigues |first=Jonathan |date=2017-04-16 |title=In St Cruz, Victoria is the undisputed queen of hearts |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/in-st-cruz-victoria-is-the-undisputed-queen-of-hearts/articleshow/58202310.cms |access-date=2025-01-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Politician [[Rodolfo Fernandes (politician)|Rodolfo Fernandes]] is her son.<ref name="HeraldMummy19" /> She had two sons and six daughters.<ref name="LosesMummyGoan19">{{Cite web |date=2019-09-08 |title=Goa loses its Mummy |url=https://www.thegoan.net/goa-loses-its-mummy/54050.html |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=The Goan EveryDay |language=en}}</ref>

==Social work==

===Opinion Poll===
{{Further|Goa Opinion Poll}}
In 1966, during the proposed merger of Goa with Maharashtra, Fernandes helped convince many, including people who supported the merger, to protect Goa's identity and independence by opposing the merger. She was part of a team that was led by [[Jack de Sequeira]].<ref name="RosarioAffableGoan19">{{Cite web |last=Do Rosario |first=Ashley |date=2019-09-08 |title=DESPITE BEING A POLITICIAN, MUMMY COUNTED AMONG GOA'S MOST AFFABLE PERSONALITIES |url=https://www.thegoan.net//despite-being-a-politician-mummy-counted-among-goa%E2%80%99s-most-affable-personalities/54055.html |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=The Goan EveryDay}}</ref>

While she was initially tasked with mobilising the people of [[South Goa district|South Goa]] due to the majority of its population being [[Catholic]], she chose to work in [[North Goa district|North Goa]]. She wore a Maharashtrian sari and played Marathi music on loudspeakers to attract people's attention. When they found out that she was against the merger, they attempted to physically assault her. When she told them that she was not afraid, they realised that she only had the concern for Goa.<ref name="MergulhaoToIPoll19">{{Cite news |last=Mergulhao |first=Marcus |date=2019-09-08 |title=Victoria Fernandes: Mummy of the Opinion Poll |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/victoria-fernandes-mummy-of-the-opinion-poll/articleshow/71031111.cms |access-date=2025-01-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

When the Council of Action was formed as a non-party organisation meant to oppose the merger and overthrow the ruling [[Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party]] government, Fernandes led a few hundred people at a protest at [[Azad Maidan (monument)|Azad Maidan]], Panaji, after which she was arrested.<ref name="MergulhaoToIPoll19" /><ref name="MalkarnekarPassesAwayToI19" />

On the day of the [[Goa Opinion Poll]], 16 January 1967, she went on a door-to-door campaign to request people to vote to preserve Goa's identity and oppose the merger.<ref name="MalkarnekarFeistyToI19" />

===''Ramponnkar'' movement===
In 1978–79, she was part of the ''Ramponnkar'' movement alongside [[Matanhy Saldanha]], supporting traditional fishermen whose livelihood was threatened by mechanised fishing that was encouraged by [[Shashikala Kakodkar]]'s government.<ref name="RosarioAffableGoan19" />

===Other work===
Fernandes started a Pragati Mahila Mandal ({{Translation|group for women's progress}}) in [[Santa Cruz, Goa]].<ref name="MalkarnekarPassesAwayToI19" />

Fernandes supported multiple movements, such as the [[toddy tappers]]' movement. She also formed the all Goa vendors association and worked with the [[Red Cross]] and associations of nurses. She also helped set up [[NGO]]s, mahila mandals (women groups) and [[anganwadi]]s across Goa.<ref name="MalkarnekarPassesAwayToI19" /> She also supported the [[Konkani language agitation]] in the mid-1980s.<ref name="MergulhaoToIPoll19" />

==Political career==
Fernandes contested elections and lost twice, first representing the [[Janata Party]] in 1984 and later the [[Gomantak Lok Pox]]. She later represented the [[St. Cruz Assembly constituency]] for four terms. This was between 1994 and 2012, with her initial win as an independent candidate<ref name="HeraldMummy19" /><ref name="MalkarnekarFeistyToI19" /> and later representing the [[Indian National Congress]] in 1999, 2002 and 2007.<ref name="RosarioAffableGoan19" />

She held ministerial posts in the departments of agriculture, tourism, fisheries, women and child development.<ref name="MalkarnekarPassesAwayToI19" /> This was during the governments of [[Luizinho Faleiro]] in 1998-99 and [[Francisco Sardinha]] in 1999–2000.<ref name="RosarioAffableGoan19" /> She also served as a parliamentary secretary and was part of various House committees.<ref name="MalkarnekarPassesAwayToI19" />

Fernandes is regarded as the first politician in Goa to have won an assembly election as an independent candidate. She is also regarded as the first Goan to be arrested under the [[National Security Act (India)|National Security Act]], following which she was imprisoned for three months at [[Aguada jail]] in 1994.<ref name="MalkarnekarPassesAwayToI19" /><ref name="MalkarnekarFeistyToI19" />

When [[Pratapsingh Rane]] was the Chief Minister, Fernandes was elected as the Deputy Speaker of the Assembly between 2005 and 2007.<ref name="HeraldMummy19" />

In 2007, she briefly revolted against the Congress Party in Goa for not giving her a position in the cabinet of ministers despite her being the only elected female [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]]. She then failed to overthrow the government, led by [[Digambar Kamat]], by partnering with [[Manohar Parrikar]], the leader of the Opposition.<ref name="RosarioAffableGoan19" />

Later, in 2012, the Congress party refused to give her son, [[Rodolfo Fernandes (politician)|Rodolfo Fernandes]], the Congress party ticket, instead offering it to her political rival, [[Babush Monserrate]]. Due to age-related reasons, she then fielded Rodolfo as an Independent candidate. However, Monserrate won the elections.<ref name="RosarioAffableGoan19" />

She was part of the forum of ex-legislators and serving law-makers, who meet once a year to celebrate Legislators' Day. Fernandes would act in plays during these celebrations.<ref name="RosarioAffableGoan19" />

She was also the chairperson of the [[Kadamba Transport Corporation]] and the Goa Amateur Boxing Association.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-07 |title=Ex-Goa minister Victoria passes away at 85 |url=https://www.navhindtimes.in/2019/09/08/goanews/ex-goa-minister-victoria-passes-away-at-85/ |access-date=2025-01-30 |website=The Navhind Times|language=en-US}}</ref>

==Death==
Fernandes died on 7 September 2019 after a prolonged illness.<ref name="HeraldMummy19" /> Her funeral was held on 9 September at the Holy Cross Church, Santa Cruz.<ref name="LosesMummyGoan19" />

==Legacy==
Writer [[Dilip Borkar]] published a book about her, titled, ''Flower of Fire'',<ref name="MergulhaoToIPoll19" /> which was released on the occasion of her birthday.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-07-26 |title=Felicitation of "Mummy" Victoria Fernandes on her 80th Birthday with launch of "Flower of Fire" |url=https://www.goaprism.com/felicitation-of-mummy-victoria-fernandes-on-her-80th-birthday-with-launch-of-flower-of-fire/ |access-date=2025-01-30 |website=GOA PRISM |language=en}}</ref> The poet [[Manohar Rai Sardesai]] wrote about her:<ref name="MalkarnekarFeistyToI19" />

{{Blockquote|
''O Victoria The Beautiful,''{{br}}
''O Victoria The Bold,''{{br}}
''Never Grow Old,''{{br}}
''We Need the Sword,''{{br}}
''And We Need the Spade,''{{br}}
''You are a Flower of Fire,''{{br}}
''That will Never Fade.''
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fernandes, Victoria}}
[[Category:1934 births]]
[[Category:2019 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Goa]]
[[Category:Politicians from North Goa district]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:Goa MLAs 1994–1999]]
[[Category:Goa MLAs 1999–2002]]
[[Category:Goa MLAs 2002–2007]]
[[Category:Goa MLAs 2007–2012]]
[[Category:Women members of the Goa Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Deputy speakers of the Goa Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Women legislative deputy speakers]]

Jhansi

2026-03-27T17:31:58Z

StephanieCrowthe:

{{Short description|Metropolis in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{About|the city in Uttar Pradesh, India|its namesake district|Jhansi district|the Indian actress|Jhansi (actress)|the Indian TV series|Jhansi (TV series)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jhansi
| settlement_type = [[Metropolis]]
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 230
| image_style =
| perrow = 1/2/1
| image2 = JhansiSkylinenight rohitkarwal.jpg
| image1= Inside the Rani Laxmibai's Jhansi Fort in Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 04.jpg
| image4= Virangana Lakshmibai Railway Station 09.jpg
| image3= Statue of Jhalkaribai in Jhansi 07.jpg
}}
| image_caption = Night view of Jhansi, Jhansi fort, Virangana Lakshmibai Railway Station, Statue of Jhalkaribai
| nickname = {{Plainlist|
* City of [[Rani Lakshmibai]]
* Gateway of [[Bundelkhand]]
* Crossroads of India (The Square of India): North-south corridor and East-west corridor
}}
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt = Balwant Nagar
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|25.44862|N|78.56962|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of India|Region]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of Uttar Pradesh|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bundelkhand]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Jhansi district|Jhansi]]
| established_title = 
| established_date = 1613
| founder = Raja of Orchha
| named_for =
| unit_pref = Metric
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 285
| population_total = 505693
| population_as_of = 2011 census
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census_MCorp"/>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_metro = 547,638<ref name="Census_MCorp"/><ref name="Census_CB"/><ref name="Census_ITS"/>
| population_rank = 57
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=18 March 2019|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = Additional official
| demographics1_info2 = [[Urdu]]<ref name="langoff"/>
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 284001-2-3-4
| area_code = 0510
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = UP-93
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[male|♂]] 0.905 : [[female|♀]] 1.000
| website = {{URL|www.jhansi.nic.in}}
| leader_title2 = Mayor
| leader_name2 = [[Bihari Lal Arya]], ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/up-civic-body-polls-2023-ghaziabad-jhansi-kanpur-saharanpur-shahjahanpur-municipal-corporations-winners-101683948442532.html|title=UP civic body polls 2023: Meet mayors of Ghaziabad, Jhansi, Kanpur, Saharanpur & Shahjahanpur|work=Hindustan Times|accessdate=22 May 2023}}</ref>
| leader_title3 = [[District Magistrate]]
| leader_name3 = Avinash Kumar, IAS<ref>{{cite web |title=Who's Who {{!}} District Jhansi |url=https://jhansi.nic.in/about-district/whos-who/ |website=jhansi.nic.in |access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref>
| leader_title4 = [[Senior Superintendent of Police|SSP]]
| leader_name4 = Rajesh S, IPS<ref>{{cite news |title=नए एसएसपी ने संभाला पदभार |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/jhansi/ssp-jhansi-shivhari-meena-jhansi-news-jhs19637253 |access-date=17 February 2022 |work=Amar Ujala |date=5 June 2021 |language=hi}}</ref>
| blank2_name_sec1 = Crude literacy
| blank2_info_sec1 = 73.90%
| blank3_name_sec1 = Effective literacy
| blank3_info_sec1 = 83.0%
| blank4_name_sec2 = Avg. summer temperature
| blank4_info_sec2 = {{convert|42.4|°C|°F}}
| blank5_name_sec2 = Avg. winter temperature
| blank5_info_sec2 = {{convert|4.0|°C|°F}}
| official_name =
| area_total_km2 = 160
}}

'''Jhansi''' ({{IPA|hi|d͡ʑʱãː.siː|pron|Jhansi.ogg}}) is a historic city in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. (Toshan) Balwant Nagar was the old name of Jhansi. It lies in the region of [[Bundelkhand]], on the banks of the [[Pahuj River]], in the extreme south of Uttar Pradesh. Jhansi is the administrative headquarters of [[Jhansi district]] and [[Jhansi division]]. Also called the ''Gateway to Bundelkhand'', Jhansi is situated near and around the rivers Pahuj and [[Betwa River|Betwa]] at an average elevation of {{cvt|285|m}}. It is about {{convert|471|km|mi|0}} from national capital [[New Delhi]], 109 kilometres (67.7 mi) from [[Gwalior]], 240 kilometres (150 mi) from [[Kanpur]] and {{convert|320|km}} from state capital [[Lucknow]].

Jhansi is well connected to all other major towns in [[Uttar Pradesh]] by road and railway networks. The [[National Highways Development Project]] has supported development of the city. Jhansi is also being developed as the defence corridor by the NDA government which will boost the economy of the city and the region at the same time. The [[Srinagar]] to [[Kanyakumari]] north–south corridor passes closely to Jhansi, as does the east–west corridor; consequently there has been a sudden rush of infrastructure and real estate development in the city. Jhansi was adjudged the third cleanest city of Uttar Pradesh and the fastest moving city in the North Zone in Swachh Survekshan 2018 rankings. The development of a [[Greenfield project|greenfield]] airport has been planned in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.igovernment.in/site/uttar-pradesh-plans-develop-jhansi-airport-39569 |title=Uttar Pradesh plans to develop Jhansi airport |date=4 January 2011 |publisher=igovernment.in |access-date=3 September 2015
|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321093043/http://www.igovernment.in/site/uttar-pradesh-plans-develop-jhansi-airport-39569 |archive-date=21 March 2012 }}</ref> On 28 August 2011, Jhansi was selected among 98 cities for [[Smart Cities Mission|smart city]] initiative by the [[Government of India]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Jeelani|first1=Mehboob|date=28 August 2015|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/centre-releases-list-of-98-cities-for-smart-city-project/article7586751.ece|title=Centre unveils list of 98 smart cities; UP, TN strike it rich|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=17 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://mygov.in/group-issue/smart-city-jhansi/|title=Smart City Jhansi|website=Mygov.in|access-date=24 June 2016|date=26 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.amarujala.com/lucknow/poor-performance-of-up-city-in-smart-city-list-hindi-news|title=स्मार्ट सिटी की परीक्षा में फेल हुए यूपी के 12 शहर|access-date=17 March 2022|work=[[Amar Ujala]]|date=30 January 2016}}</ref>

==Name==
According to Paul Whalley, the name ''Jhānsī'' means "covered in bushes or undergrowth", from a variant of standard Hindi ''[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/झाड़ jhāṛ]'' ("bushes, undergrowth"; ultimately from Sanskrit ''[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/झाट jhāṭa]''). The ending ''-sī'' represents a reduced form of the Sanskrit [[genitive case|genitive]] suffix ''-sya''.<ref name="Whalley 1922">{{cite journal |last1=Whalley |first1=Paul |title=Place-Names in the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, Chapter III, Section 2: Suffixes |journal=The Journal of the United Provinces Historical Society |date=1922 |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=52–98 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PwdDAAAAYAAJ |access-date=22 July 2023}}</ref>{{rp|84-5}}

A fanciful old [[folk etymology]] for the name ''Jhānsī'' derives the name from Hindi ''jhāīṁ sī'', meaning "like a shadow" (or, in context, "rather indistinct"). This was supposedly said by the [[Jaitpur State|raja of Jaitpur]], when asked by his host [[Vir Singh Deo|Bir Singh Deo]] if he could see the fort at Jhansi from the rooftop of his palace in Orchha. (The Jaitpur raj was only founded well after Bir Singh's death, and the entire story is probably entirely spurious.)<ref name="Gazetteer 1929"/>{{rp|269}}<ref name="Gazetteer 1965"/>{{rp|1}}

==History==
[[File: The Fort, Jhansi, a gelatin silver photo, c.1900.jpg|thumb|left|Jhansi Fort, 1900]]
===Early history: Orchha and Mughal rule===
Before the construction of [[Jhansi Fort]] on the Bangra hill in 1613, the site is said to have been covered by forest. The land then belonged to the nearby village of Lahargird, which itself belonged to the [[Orchha State|raja of Orchha]]'s territory. Two [[Ahir]] pastoralists supposedly set up some huts at the foot of the hill to watch over their herds around 1553. The Orchha raja [[Vir Singh Deo|Bir Singh Deo]] later had the fort built in 1613, and a village grew up around it. The village was apparently called Balwantnagar at first; when Jhansi became the name is unknown.<ref name="Gazetteer 1929">{{cite book |editor1-last=Drake-Brockman |editor1-first=D. L. |title=Jhansi: A Gazetteer, Being Volume XXIV of the District Gazetteers of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh |date=1929 |publisher=Government Press |location=Allahabad |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.281580 |access-date=31 May 2023}}</ref>{{rp|268}}

After the death of [[Jhujhar Singh]], Bir Singh's son and successor in Orchha, Jhansi came under [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] control. Mughal troops and governors appear to have been posted here uninterrupted until the early 1700s.<ref name="Gazetteer 1929"/>{{rp|268}}

===Maratha rule===
In 1722, [[Chhatrasal]] overran the Jhansi region as part of his new kingdom of Bundelkhand. However, in 1728, [[Muhammad Khan Bangash]], the Nawab of [[Farrukhabad]], drove him out and the area came back under Mughal control. Chhatrasal appealed for help to [[Baji Rao I]], the [[Peshwa]] of the [[Maratha Empire]], and their combined forces drove out the Mughal army. In return, [[Chhatrasal]] granted Jhansi (among other places) to Baji Rao in his will when he died in 1731. In 1735, Raja Indargir Gosain, Maratha governor of Jhansi fort, rebelled and ultimately established a small principality based at [[Moth, Uttar Pradesh|Moth]] to the northeast. In 1742, the Peshwa put Naru Shankar in charge of Jhansi along with miscellaneous other places.<ref name="Gazetteer 1965">{{cite book |editor1-last=Joshi |editor1-first=Esha Basanti |title=Uttar Pradesh District Gazetteers: Jhansi |date=1965 |publisher=New Government Press |location=Lucknow |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.08752 |access-date=31 May 2023}}</ref>{{rp|47}}

Naru Shankar's tenure as governor was pivotal in Jhansi's history. Up until now, Jhansi had been a fairly small village below the fort, but during this period it grew to become a large town. Naru Shankar undertook construction projects in the town, including a major expansion of the fort. He also populated Jhansi with deportees from other towns, primarily Orchha. (The rajas of Orchha moved their capital to [[Tikamgarh]] around this time, and [[Orchha|the town of Orchha itself]] rapidly declined.)<ref name="Gazetteer 1929"/>{{rp|270}}

Naru Shankar was replaced as governor by Madho (or Madhaji) Gobind Antia in 1757.<ref name="Gazetteer 1929"/>{{rp|270}}<ref name="Gazetteer 1965"/>{{rp|48}} Antia constructed a reservoir known as the Antia Tal outside the city walls, on the [[Gwalior]] road.<ref name="Gazetteer 1929"/>{{rp|270}} Another governor, Babu Rao Kanahi, served after Antia but before 1761,<ref name="Gazetteer 1965"/>{{rp|48}} when Ganesh Shambhaji is described as "the Maratha officer in charge of Jhansi". In November 1761, [[Shuja-ud-Daula]], the [[Nawab of Awadh]], had begun a military campaign in [[Bundelkhand]], and Ganesh Shambhaji decided to switch sides and join him. After what Ashirbadi Lal Srivastava describes as an "indiscriminate plunder of Jhansi" (he doesn't specify what this means), Ganesh Shambhaji jailed 52 of his Maratha colleagues and agreed to surrender Jhansi to Shuja-ud-Daula in return for a position in the Mughal service. After a detachment of Shuja-ud-Daula's captured the fortress of Moth, the Maratha governor of Jhansi (who Srivastava doesn't name) fearfully offered to submit and pay a 300,000-rupee tribute in return for being allowed to keep possession of the fort. Shuja-ud-Daula declined the offer and besieged the city. Its defenders surrendered on 1 February 1762. Shuja-ud-Daula appointed Muhammad Bashir as ''[[faujdar]]'' of the fort, and gave Ganesh Shambhaji the tax farm revenue for the district.<ref name="Srivastava 1939">{{cite book |last1=Srivastava |first1=Ashirbadi Lal |title=Shujah-ud-Daulah, Volume I (1754-1765) |date=1939 |publisher=Midland Press |location=Calcutta |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.85274 |access-date=31 May 2023}}</ref>{{rp|138-40}}

The Mughal rule of Jhansi only lasted for four years before [[Malhar Rao Holkar]] recaptured it for the Marathas. Naru Shankar was apparently re-appointed governor; after his death, he was succeeded by Vishwas Rao Lachman for five years.<ref name="Gazetteer 1965"/>{{rp|48}}

===Newalkar dynasty===
{{main|Jhansi State}}
The next governor was [[Newalkar|Raghunath Rao Newalkar]]. In late 1773, Shuja-ud-Daula sent another force south of the [[Yamuna]], this time led by one Mir Naim, but they were defeated in a battle at Jhansi. Another Mughal-aligned force, led by Mirashgir, came to besiege Jhansi in late 1774, but the death of Shuja-ud-Daula in January 1775 resulted in the siege being abandoned. Raghunath Rao remained governor until his death in 1794; he had become practically independent by his death.<ref name="Gazetteer 1965"/>{{rp|48-9}} He was succeeded by his brother Sheo Rao Hari, also called Sheo Rao Bhao. Sheo Rao was responsible for the construction of the city walls, which took place between 1796 and 1814. The Lachhmi Talao reservoir on the east side of town is sometimes attributed to Sheo Rao as well, although it has also been attributed to Anupgir Gosain of Moth instead.<ref name="Gazetteer 1929"/>{{rp|271}}

Sheo Rao's descendants continued to rule what became known as [[Jhansi State]] until 1853. Sheo Rao himself signed the first treaty with the British in 1804, which established a military alliance between the two but still recognised Jhansi as a Maratha vassal. As part of the Treaty of Pune in 1817, overlordship was transferred from the Marathas to the British themselves.<ref name="Gazetteer 1965"/>{{rp|49-51}}

The final ruler of Jhansi State was [[Gangadhar Rao]], who ruled from 1842 to 1853. Gangadhar Rao was a patron of the arts and a capable administrator. His only son died in infancy, so before he died, he and his wife [[Lakshmi Bai]] adopted a five-year-old boy named [[Damodar Rao of Jhansi|Damodar Rao]] to serve as his successor. Although this was accepted practice in Hindu law, the British did not recognise Damodar Rao as a valid heir and, invoking the [[Doctrine of Lapse]], declared that Jhansi State had [[escheat]]ed to the British government. Lakshmi Bai appealed to the British court of directors, but to no avail, and in March 1854 the British took control of Jhansi.<ref name="Gazetteer 1965"/>{{rp|50-2}}

The newly-appointed British superintendent of Jhansi, Francis Gordon, wrote a report in 1854 documenting the state of the town at that time. He estimated that it had a population of 40,000 people. It was not an industrial centre of any kind, but he wrote that its commercial traffic was "enormous"; he estimated that 3 million rupees' worth of goods passed through Jhansi per year. Large amounts of grain, coming from farmland to the south and southwest, passed through Jhansi on its way north. Cotton was brought from the west and then transported north to [[Kalpi]]. Salt also came from the west. In exchange, the merchants from the south and west bought sugar and various ''[[kirana store|kirana]]'' goods to sell back home.<ref name="Gazetteer 1929"/>{{rp|276}} From 1853 to 1861, a [[cantonment]] was built on the southeast side of town.<ref name="Gazetteer 1965"/>{{rp|347}}

===Battle for independence 1857===
{{see also|Indian Rebellion of 1857}}
Several factors had contributed to tensions in Jhansi before the battle broke out. Besides the British annexation of Jhansi State, various other members of the landed aristocracy were upset by the British encroaching on their traditional authority. Local residents were also upset by the fact that the British had permitted cow slaughter after they took over Jhansi (it had previously been banned). Another grievance was that the British had suspended endowments to the temple of Mahalakshmi (the patron goddess of the Newalkar dynasty) which had previously come from revenue collected from certain villages.<ref name="Gazetteer 1965"/>{{rp|55}}

At this point the garrison was composed entirely of Indian troops, and it consisted of five infantry companies, a cavalry force, and an artillery detachment, all commanded by British officers.<ref name="Gazetteer 1929"/>{{rp|209}}

Tensions boiled over on 5 June. That afternoon, one company of the Jhansi infantry along with the artillery detachment surrounded and entered the star fort and magazine, under the pretext of an attack by dacoits. They announced their intention to garrison the star fort themselves. Most of the British civilians took shelter in the regular fort. The remaining four infantry companies along with the cavalry had not joined in at this point, and that they night slept in the barracks without incident. The next day, however, most of them rose up and attacked and killed the British officers on site. They made their way to the main fort, which the rebels encircled and besieged. This was short-lived and on the 7th the British surrendered. They were marched south to the Jokhan Bagh, just outside the city walls, and executed.<ref name="Gazetteer 1965"/>{{rp|56-7}}<ref name="Gazetteer 1929"/>{{rp|209-11}}

====Lakshmi Bai's reign====
On the 9th, there was a dispute between [[Lakshmi Bai]] and Sada Sheo Rao, a relative of her late husband, over who would rule in Jhansi, with both of them "bidding against each other" to win the support of the rebels. Lakshmi Bai offered much more and the rebels handed control of Jhansi to her. A proclamation was made saying "The people are God's, the country is the Padishah's, and the raj is Rani Lakshmi Bai's". Sada Sheo Rao assembled a force of 300 supporters, seized the fort of Karahra on 13 June, and attempted to proclaim himself ruler of Jhansi, but Lakshmi Bai sent troops after him and ultimately had him imprisoned and detained.<ref name="Gazetteer 1965"/>{{rp|57}}<ref name="Gazetteer 1929"/>{{rp|212}}

Her position now secure, Lakshmi Bai set up an administration in Jhansi. She set up a mint, raised an army, and strengthened the forts at Jhansi and Karahra. Attempting to stay on good terms with the British, she sent a letter to a British agent named Major Erskine saying that she had only aided the rebels under duress, disavowing the massacre of British prisoners, and presenting herself as just a caretaker until the British could reoccupy the area. Erskine responded by giving her full authorisation to rule on behalf of the British until their troops arrived and sent a proclamation that all were to obey her; he assured her that she would be treated well.<ref name="Gazetteer 1965"/>{{rp|58}}<ref name="Gazetteer 1929"/>{{rp|212}}

The main members of Lakshmi Bai's administration were her father, Moropant Tambe; Lalu, the paymaster; Lachman Rao, the diwan; and Kashi Nath, the tahsildar.<ref name="Gazetteer 1965"/>{{rp|57}}

Meanwhile, the raja of Orchha, hoping to recover ancestral territories that had been conquered by the Marathas in the 1700s, invaded Jhansi. He presented himself to the British as a loyal ally of theirs fighting to suppress the rebellious rani of Jhansi. His troops looted the countryside and besieged Jhansi on 3 September. He lifted the siege on 22 October as reinforcements under the raja of Banpur came to assist the defenders. In early 1858, Lakshmi Bai finally drove the Orchha troops out of her territory, and had consolidated her control over all the territory that had belonged to Jhansi State before the British annexation.<ref name="Gazetteer 1929"/>{{rp|217}}

As late as February 1858, Lakshmi Bai pledged loyalty to the British and sent them multiple letters promising to hand over Jhansi without a fight if they treated her honourably. However, governor-general [[Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning|Charles Canning]] had never wanted to follow through with Erskine's earlier proposition, and he considered the rani a rebel against British authority. On 11 February, Canning sent a letter to the British agent at [[Indore]] with instructions to try Lakshmi Bai before a special commission if captured. Lakhsmi Bai decided that she couldn't trust the British and her only option was to fight them. On 14 February, she issued a proclamation urging both Hindus and Muslims to take up arms against the British because "they would surely destroy the people's religion". At her disposal were 12,000 troops, including 400 cavalry and about 40 artillery pieces. She also made negotiations with rebel leaders including [[Tantya Tope]].<ref name="Gazetteer 1965"/>{{rp|62}}

====Siege and capture by the British====
{{Main|Siege of Jhansi}}
Commanders under Lakshmi Bai had all the vegetation outside the fort burned so that advancing British troops could forage absolutely nothing for supplies. However, the rajas of Orchha and [[Gwalior State|Gwalior]] provided plenty of supplies for the British and their horses, so it ended up being moot. British forces under [[Hugh Rose, 1st Baron Strathnairn|Hugh Rose]] arrived at Jhansi on 21 March and began a siege the next day after some initial scouting. On the morning of 1 April, some 22,000 troops under Tantya Tope came to relieve the defenders of Jhansi. They engaged the British at Basoba, some ways away from Jhansi. Tantya Tope's forces successfully used a [[pincer formation]] to attack both flanks of British infantry, but a British cavalry counterattack used the same formation to envelop ''them'', and Tantya's forces were routed.<ref name="Gazetteer 1965"/>{{rp|63-4}}<ref name="Gazetteer 1929"/>{{rp|218-20}}

On the morning of 3 April, the British stormed the city through a breach in the city wall. For the next two days, brutal hand-to-hand fighting took place in the streets as the British tried to advance toward the fort. During the night of 4-5 April, Lakshmi Bai escaped along with her bodyguards and followers and headed toward Kalpi. The British occupied the fort the following day.<ref name="Gazetteer 1965"/>{{rp|65-6}}<ref name="Gazetteer 1929"/>{{rp|220}} Rose's troops looted Jhansi, grabbing jewellery and other valuables and tearing down many of the houses and temples. The Sanskrit manuscript collection belonging to the royal family of Jhansi was destroyed. Rose, however, wrote to the governor-general that his troops had occupied the city peacefully and "behaved in an exemplary manner".<ref name="Gazetteer 1965"/>{{rp|67}}

===British Raj===
After the rebellion was suppressed, the British rebuilt the cantonment of Jhansi south of the city walls. At first it was centrally located in the new district, but it went through repeated territorial flip-flopping which left the town at the extreme west of the district, effectively cut off from most of its associated territory. A treaty in 1861 transferred the town and fort of Jhansi, the parganas of Pachor and Karahra, and parts of parganas Jhansi and [[Bhander]] to Gwalior State. Jhansi was re-transferred to British rule in 1885 in exchange for the return of Gwalior, which the British had occupied after the uprising, as well as a payment of 15 lakh rupees. 58 villages were also transferred with Jhansi at the same time, making up the bulk of the Jhansi tehsil.<ref name="Gazetteer 1929"/>{{rp|271-2}}

The railway came to Jhansi in 1889, when construction of the Indian Midland Railway was completed. Jhansi was both the headquarters of this railway as well as an important junction with lines heading to [[Kanpur]] and [[Agra]]. The railway quickly drew the bulk of the commercial traffic passing through the region, and Jhansi "sprang into sudden importance" as a commercial centre, surpassing [[Mauranipur|Mau-Ranipur]] as the district's main trade centre.<ref name="Gazetteer 1929"/>{{rp|73-8}}

In 1899, the Hardiganj market was opened on the site of a former royal garden. It grew to become the largest market in both the city and the district, supplying all the other markets with their own goods.<ref name="Gazetteer 1965"/>{{rp|164}}

In 1886, the [[Indian National Congress]] came to Jhansi, and in 1888 Sripavati Ghosh was elected to serve as Jhansi's delegate in the Congress at Allahabad. The Congress's provincial conference was held in Jhansi in 1916, on the fort grounds and chaired by [[C. Y. Chintamani]].<ref name="Gazetteer 1965"/>{{rp|70}}

From 1926, the revolutionary [[Chandra Shekhar Azad]] was based in Jhansi, variously posing as a chauffeur and a mechanic.<ref name="Gazetteer 1965"/>{{rp|72}}

===Independent India===
After the [[Independence Day (India)|independence of India]], Jhansi was included in the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]].

==Geography and climate==
Jhansi is located at 25.4333 N 78.5833 E. It has an average elevation of 284 metres (935 feet).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Jhansi.html|title=Jhansi, India Page|publisher=fallingrain.com|access-date=3 September 2012}}</ref> Jhansi lies on the plateau of central India, an area dominated by rocky relief and minerals underneath the soil. The city has a natural slope in the north as it is on the south western border of the vast ''[[Tarai]]'' plains of Uttar Pradesh and the elevation rises on the south. The land is suitable for species of [[citrus fruit]] and crops include wheat, pulses, peas, and oilseeds. The region relies heavily on [[monsoon]] the rains for irrigation purposes. Under an ambitious canal project (the Rajghat canal), the government is constructing a network of canals for irrigation in Jhansi and Lalitpur and some part of Madhya Pradesh. The trade in agricultural products (including grain and oilseeds) is of great economic importance.<ref>''The Macmillan Encyclopedia''; rev. ed. London: Macmillan, 1983; p. 647</ref> The city is also a centre of brassware manufacture.<ref>Moore, W. G. (1971) ''The Penguin Encyclopedia of Places''. Harmondsworth: Penguin; p. 371</ref>
{{wide image|View of Jhansi from Sipri's Hilltop.jpg|900px|A view of Jhansi from the hill of Sipri)}}

===Climate===
{{See also|Climate of Madhya Pradesh}}
Being on a rocky plateau, Jhansi experiences extreme temperatures. Winter begins in October with the retreat of [[Climate of India#Monsoon|the southwest monsoon]] (Jhansi does not experience any rainfall from [[October Heat|the Northeast Monsoon]]) and peaks in mid-December. Temperatures are about {{convert|4|C|F|1|disp=or}} minimum and {{convert|21|C|F|1|disp=or}} maximum. Spring arrives by the end of February and is a short-lived phase of transition. Summer begins by April and summer temperatures can peak at {{convert|47|C|F|1|disp=or}} in May. The rainy season starts by the third week of June (although this is variable year to year), while the monsoon rains gradually weaken in September and end before the last week of September. In the rainy season, the average daily high temperature hovers around {{convert|36|C|F|1|disp=or}} with high humidity. The average rainfall for the city is about {{convert|1150|mm|inch|0|disp=or}} per year, occurring almost entirely within the three-and-a-half months of the [[Southwest Monsoon]]. In summer Jhansi experiences temperatures as high as {{convert|45|to|49|C|F|1}} degrees while in winter the temperatures can fall as low as {{convert|0|to|1|C|F|1}} as recorded in winter 2011.

{{Weather box
| location = Jhansi (1991–2020, extremes 1901–present)
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| temperature colour =
| Jan record high C = 33.8
| Feb record high C = 39.4
| Mar record high C = 43.3
| Apr record high C = 46.2
| May record high C = 49.3
| Jun record high C = 48.1
| Jul record high C = 45.6
| Aug record high C = 42.2
| Sep record high C = 40.6
| Oct record high C = 40.6
| Nov record high C = 38.1
| Dec record high C = 35.5
| year record high C = 49.3
| Jan high C = 22.8
| Feb high C = 27.3
| Mar high C = 33.9
| Apr high C = 39.7
| May high C = 42.5
| Jun high C = 40.2
| Jul high C = 34.2
| Aug high C = 32.3
| Sep high C = 33.4
| Oct high C = 34.3
| Nov high C = 30.1
| Dec high C = 24.9
| year high C = 33.0
| Jan low C = 8.6
| Feb low C = 11.9
| Mar low C = 17.3
| Apr low C = 23.2
| May low C = 27.4
| Jun low C = 27.9
| Jul low C = 25.6
| Aug low C = 24.6
| Sep low C = 23.9
| Oct low C = 20.3
| Nov low C = 14.8
| Dec low C = 10.2
| year low C = 19.7
| Jan record low C = 0.5
| Feb record low C = 0.6
| Mar record low C = 5.3
| Apr record low C = 10.1
| May record low C = 15.1
| Jun record low C = 18.5
| Jul record low C = 20.3
| Aug record low C = 18.3
| Sep record low C = 16.7
| Oct record low C = 6.3
| Nov record low C = 1.1
| Dec record low C = 0.3
| year record low C = 0.3
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 10.7
| Feb rain mm = 13.8
| Mar rain mm = 8.6
| Apr rain mm = 5.0
| May rain mm = 15.7
| Jun rain mm = 95.8
| Jul rain mm = 251.9
| Aug rain mm = 248.5
| Sep rain mm = 149.0
| Oct rain mm = 23.0
| Nov rain mm = 5.0
| Dec rain mm = 4.3
|year rain mm = 831.2
| Jan rain days = 1.0
| Feb rain days = 1.1
| Mar rain days = 0.8
| Apr rain days = 0.6
| May rain days = 1.6
| Jun rain days = 5.7
| Jul rain days = 11.9
| Aug rain days = 12.4
| Sep rain days = 7.1
| Oct rain days = 1.3
| Nov rain days = 0.4
| Dec rain days = 0.4
| year rain days = 44.3
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 57
| Feb humidity = 46
| Mar humidity = 32
| Apr humidity = 24
| May humidity = 25
| Jun humidity = 42
| Jul humidity = 69
| Aug humidity = 75
| Sep humidity = 64
| Oct humidity = 45
| Nov humidity = 47
| Dec humidity = 57
|year humidity = 49
| source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]]
| access-date = April 8, 2024
}}</ref><ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Jhansi Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 367–368
| access-date = 27 April 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M217
| access-date = 27 April 2020}}</ref>
}}Jhansi has been ranked 3rd best “National Clean Air City” under (Category 2 3-10L Population cities) in India according to 'Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2024 Results' <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2024 |title=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024 |url=https://prana.cpcb.gov.in/ncapServices/robust/fetchFilesFromDrive/Swachh_Vayu_Survekshan_2024_Result.pdf |website=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024 |access-date=18 September 2024 |archive-date=14 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914164336/https://prana.cpcb.gov.in/ncapServices/robust/fetchFilesFromDrive/Swachh_Vayu_Survekshan_2024_Result.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The city has shown a 19% improvement in air quality compared to the previous year.
==Demographics==
{{Historical populations
|title=Historical population
|type=Kashipur
|1871|30,000
|1881|33,000
|1891|53,779
|1901|55,724
|1911|70,200
|1921|66,400
|1931|76,700
|1941|103,300
|1951|127,400
|1961|140,200
|1971|173,300
|1981|231,300
|1991|300,850
|2001|426,198
|2011|505,693
|source = 1871-1891 - [[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 14, page 148|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V14_154.gif|website=dsal.uchicago.edu|publisher=Digital South Asia Library|access-date=20 July 2017}}</ref> 1901-1981 - Populstat.info<ref>{{cite web|title=INDIA : urban population|url=http://www.populstat.info/Asia/indiat.htm|website=www.populstat.info|access-date=20 July 2017}}</ref> 1991-2011 - Citypopulation.de<ref>{{cite web|title=Jhansi (Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India) - Population Statistics and Location in Maps and Charts|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/india-uttarpradesh.php?cityid=0943614000|website=www.citypopulation.de|access-date=20 July 2017|language=en}}</ref>
}}

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Jhansi city (2011)<ref name="religion">{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Uttar Pradesh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11394/download/14507/DDW09C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|81.10}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Uttar Pradesh|Islam]]|green|16.51}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Uttar Pradesh|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|0.94}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|darkkhaki|0.52}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism in Uttar Pradesh|Jainism]]|pink|0.46}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.47}}
|caption=Distribution of religions
}}

As of [[2011 Indian Census]], Jhansi city had a total population of 505,693, of which 265,449 were males and 240,244 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 55,824. The total number of literates in Jhansi city was 373,500, which constituted 73.9% of the population with male literacy of 78.9% and female literacy of 68.3%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Jhansi city was 83.0%, of which male literacy rate was 88.9% and female literacy rate was 76.6%. The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] population was 110,318 and 1,681 respectively. Jhansi city had 91,150 households in 2011.<ref name="Census_MCorp">{{cite web |title=Census of India: Jhansi city |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=176733 |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |access-date=23 November 2019}}</ref>

{{pie chart
|thumb = left
|caption = Languages in Jhansi (2011)<ref name="Lang"/>
|label1 = [[Hindi]] |value1 = 97.14 |color1 = orange
|label2 = [[Urdu]] |value2 = 1.57 |color2 = green
|label3 = Others |value3 = 1.29 |color3 = grey
}}

[[Hindi]] was the predominant language in the city, while [[Urdu]] was spoken by a minority.<ref name="Lang">{{cite web |title=2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue - Uttar Pradesh (Town Level) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10235/download/13347/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-0900.XLSX |access-date=27 June 2022 |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

The Jhansi urban agglomeration had a population of 547,638 which also included Jhansi Cantonment and Jhansi Railway Settlement.

===Jhansi Cantonment===
Jhansi Cantonment had a total population of 28,343 in 2011, of which 17,023 were males and 11,320 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 3,404. The total number of literates in Jhansi Cantonment was 23,354, which constituted 82.4% of the population. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Jhansi Cantonment was 93.6%. The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] population was 4,735 and 28 respectively. It had 30,460 households in 2011.<ref name="Census_CB">{{cite web |title=Census of India: Jhansi Cantonment |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=176794 |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |access-date=23 November 2019}}</ref>

===Jhansi Railway Settlement===
[[Jhansi Railway Settlement]] had a total population of 13,602 as of 2011, of which 7,226 were males and 6,376 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 1,168. The total number of literates in Jhansi Railway Settlement was 10,754, which constituted 79.1%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Jhansi Railway Settlement was 86.5%, of which male literacy rate was 92.1% and female literacy rate was 80.2%. The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] population was 3,373 and 38 respectively. It had 30460 households in 2011.<ref name="Census_ITS">{{cite web |title=Census of India: Jhansi Railway Settlement |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=176666 |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |access-date=23 November 2019}}</ref>

==Songs and Poems==
A number of patriotic songs have been written about the Rani. The most famous composition about Rani Lakshmi Bai is the Hindi poem ''Jhansi ki Rani'' written by [[Subhadra Kumari Chauhan]]. An emotionally charged description of the life of [[Rani of Jhansi|Rani Lakshmibai]], it is often taught in schools in India.<ref>{{cite web|title=Poems of Bundelkhand|url=http://www.bundelkhand.in/POEM/khoob-ladi-mardani-woh-to-jhansi-wali-rani-thi|website=www.bundelkhand.in|publisher=Bundelkhand.In|access-date=27 June 2017|archive-date=20 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240420141504/https://bundelkhand.in/POEM/khoob-ladi-mardani-woh-to-jhansi-wali-rani-thi|url-status=dead}}</ref> A popular stanza from it reads:
{{blockquote|बुंदेले हरबोलों के मुँह हमने सुनी कहानी थी,
खूब लड़ी मर्दानी वह तो झाँसी वाली रानी थी।।<ref>{{cite web|last1=Chauhan|first1=Subhadra Kumari|title=Jhansi ki rani|url=https://www.poemhunter.com/poem/hindi-poem-khub-ladi-mardani-woh-to-jhansi-wali-rani-thi/|website=www.poemhunter.com|publisher=Poem hunter|access-date=27 June 2017}}</ref>}}

Translation: "From the bards of Bundela we have heard this story / She fought valiantly like a warrior woman, she was the queen of Jhansi."

For Marathi people there is an equally well-known ballad about the brave queen penned at the spot near Gwalior where she died in battle, by B. R. Tambe, who was a poet laureate of Maharashtra and of her clan. A couple of stanzas run like this:
{{blockquote|रे हिंदबांधवा, थांब या स्थळीं अश्रु दोन ढाळीं /
ती पराक्रमाची ज्योत मावळे इथे झाशिवाली /
... /
घोड्यावर खंद्या स्वार, हातात नंगि तर्वार /
खणखणा करित ती वार /
गोर्‍यांची कोंडी फोडित पाडित वीर इथे आली /
मर्दानी झाशीवाली!}}

Translation: "You, denizen of this land, pause here and shed a tear or two / For this is where the flame of the valorous lady of Jhansi was extinguished / … / Astride a stalwart stallion / With a naked sword in hand / She burst open the British siege / And came to rest here, the brave lady of Jhansi!"

==Education==

===Higher education===


* [[Bundelkhand University]]
* [[Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University]]

====Medical and technical colleges====
[[File:Mlb jhansi.jpg|thumb|MLB Medical College]]
In October 2009, the [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare|Union health ministry]] gave approvals for setting up an institute equivalent to [[AIIMS]], the first in Bundelkhand region and developing central agriculture university.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/centre-clears-an--aiims--for-bundelkhand/533791/|title=Centre clears an 'AIIMS' for Bundelkhand|website=Archive.indianexpress.com|access-date=23 August 2015}}</ref>

* [[Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering & Technology]]
* [[Government Polytechnic Jhansi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gpjhansi.com/|title=Government Polytechnic Jhansi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109081136/http://gpjhansi.com/|archive-date=9 January 2014|url-status=usurped|access-date=30 December 2013}}</ref>
* [[Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College]], established 1968<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mlbmcj.in/ |title=Maharani Laxmibai Medical College Jhansi |website=Mlbmcj.in |access-date=24 June 2016}}</ref>

===Schools===


* [[Christ the King College, Jhansi]]
* [[Indian Army Public Schools|Army Public School, Jhansi]]

==Economy ==
Jhansi has a mixed economy, Jhansi's economy is based on agriculture, industry, mining and tourism.<ref>{{Cite web | title=Economy {{!}} District Jhansi, Government of Uttar Pradesh {{!}} India | url=https://jhansi.nic.in/economy/ | access-date=2025-12-30 | website=jhansi.nic.in}}</ref>

* Agriculture:
A significant portion of the economy is tied to agriculture, with the district relying on monsoon rains for irrigation. primarily driven by agriculture, with crops like wheat, pulses, and oilseeds being major sources of income. The Rajghat canal project aims to improve irrigation and boost agricultural production.<ref>{{Cite web| title=Brief Industrial Profile of Jhansi District | url=https://dcmsme.gov.in/old/dips/District%20Industrial%20Profile%20of%20Jhansi.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810010037/http://dcmsme.gov.in/old/dips/District%20Industrial%20Profile%20of%20Jhansi.pdf | archive-date=2022-08-10}}</ref>

* Industry:
Established industries, including BHEL Jhansi, cement factories, and a thermal power plant, play a crucial role in the district's economy.
Some valuable industrial units are located in Jhansi.
* [[Parichha Thermal Power Station]]
* [[Electric Loco Shed, Jhansi]]
* [[BHEL Jhansi]]
* [[Mysore Cements Limited|Diamond Cement Jhansi]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tradeindia.com/diamond-cement-2977742/|title=Diamond Cement in Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India - Company Profile|website=www.tradeindia.com}}</ref>
In 2023, the Uttar Pradesh government announced plans to develop Jhansi as part of the Bundelkhand Industrial Development Authority. This initiative aims to create a new industrial township, potentially boosting the region's economic growth and employment opportunities.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-09-13 |title=Uttar Pradesh's Yogi Adityanath govt plans to develop another Noida in Jhansi |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/uttar-pradeshs-yogi-adityanath-govt-plans-to-develop-another-noida-in-jhansi/articleshow/103632013.cms |access-date=2025-01-02 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>
== Municipal finance ==
According to financial data published on the CityFinance Portal of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs,<ref>{{cite web |title=Jhansi Municipal Corporation Finance |url=https://www.cityfinance.in/municipal-data/city/jhansi |publisher=CityFinance Portal, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs |access-date=16 March 2026}}</ref> the Jhansi Municipal Corporation reported total revenue receipts of ₹179 crore (US$21 million) and total expenditure of ₹202 crore (US$24 million) in 2022–23. Tax revenue accounted for about 13.4% of the total revenue, while the corporation received ₹143 crore in grants during the financial year.

==Transport==
The city is connected to other parts of India by railways and major highways.

===Railways===
{{main|Jhansi Junction railway station}}
[[File:Jhansi Junction.jpg|thumb|Jhansi Junction]]
Jhansi has its own division in the [[North Central Railway]] zone of [[Indian Railways]]. It lies on the main Delhi-Chennai and Delhi-Mumbai lines. The station code is [[Jhansi Junction railway station|VGLJ]]. Trains for every part of the country are available 24*7, The first ever [[Habibganj–New Delhi Shatabdi Express|Shatabdi]] Express commenced its journey from New [[New Delhi railway station|Delhi]] to Jhansi Jn. Each and every train stops at [[Jhansi Junction railway station|Jhansi Jn]].

===Road transport===
Jhansi is located at the junction of these National Highways: [[National Highway 27 (India)]] from [[Gujarat]] to [[Assam]]; [[National Highway 75 (India)]] from [[Gwalior]] to [[Rewa, Madhya Pradesh|Rewa]] via Chhatarpur; [[National Highway 44 (India)]] from [[Jammu]] to [[Kanyakumari]]; and [[National Highway 39 (India)]]. Thus, Jhansi commands a strategic position in the roadways network as highways in five different directions diverge from it.

The towns and major cities connected to it are [[Datia]], [[Gwalior]], [[Lalitpur, India|Lalitpur]], [[Agra]], [[New Delhi]], [[Bhopal]], [[Prayagraj]], [[Kanpur]], [[Lucknow]], [[Babina, Uttar Pradesh|Babina]], [[Orchha]], [[Banda, Uttar Pradesh|Banda]], [[Shivpuri]], [[Chhatarpur]], Unnao Balaji, and [[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]].

===Air transport===
[[File: Amy Johnson jason india.jpg|thumb|[[Amy Johnson]] at Jhansi in 1932]]
[[Jhansi Airstrip]] is a military aviation base built in the British era used by the Indian army and political visitors. Though there are provisions for private aircraft to land, there are no civil aviation operations. There had been a demand to make it operational for commercial purposes in the 1990s and again in the 2000s. The Uttar Pradesh government announced the construction of an all-new civil aviation base to support tourism in Bundelkhand in April 2011.<ref>{{cite news|last=Manjul|first=Tarannum|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/new-airport-at-jhansi-to-boost-tourism/770258/|title=New airport at Jhansi to boost tourism|date=1 April 2011|work=indianexpress|access-date=3 September 2012}}</ref> As of 2020, the [[Kanpur Airport]], located {{cvt|238|km}} away, is the nearest major airport to Jhansi within the state, though [[Gwalior Airport]] in the neighbouring state of [[Madhya Pradesh]] is the nearest airport being located {{cvt|116|km}} from Jhansi which has direct flights to [[Delhi airport|Delhi]], [[Mumbai airport|Mumbai]], [[Bangalore Airport|Bangalore]] and [[Hyderabad airport|Hyderabad]].

==Armed forces==
The Jhansi Cantonment was the site of the accommodation for British civil and military personnel in the period of British rule in India. Jhansi district is the headquarters of the [[31st Indian Armoured Division]], stationed at Jhansi-Babina. There has been a joint exercise from 1 to 30 March 2012 with the [[Singaporean Army]] at Jhansi witnessed by the [[President of India]], [[Pratibha Patil]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/press_room/official_releases/nr/2012/mar/25mar12_nr.html|title=Singapore and Indian Armies Conduct the Eighth Bilateral Armour Exercise|website=www.mindef.gov.sg|access-date=3 August 2017|archive-date=3 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803171321/https://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/press_room/official_releases/nr/2012/mar/25mar12_nr.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Media==
''Amar Ujala'', ''[[Dainik Jagran]]'', ''[[Rajasthan Patrika|Patrika]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.patrika.com/jhansi-news/|title = Jhansi Hindi News.|access-date = 13 December 2017|website = [[Rajasthan Patrika|Patrika]]}}</ref> and ''Dainik Bhaskar'' are some of the newspapers with online news services.

===Newspapers===
Many national and local newspapers are published in Jhansi in Hindi, Urdu and English:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Newspaper !! Language
|-
| ''[[Janhit Darshan]]'' || [[Hindi]]
|-
| ''[[Darshan Post]]'' || [[Hindi]]
|-
| ''[[Amar Ujala]]'' || [[Hindi]]
|-
| ''[[Dainik Jagran]]'' || Hindi
|-
| ''Daily Aziz E Hindustan''|| [[Urdu]]
|-
| ''Dainik Royal Mail'' || Hindi
|-
| ''Dainik Vishwa Pariwa''r || Hindi
|-
| ''[[Hindustan (newspaper)|Hindustan]]''|| Hindi
|-
| ''Jan Jan Jagran'' || Hindi
|-
| ''Jan Seva Mail'' || Hindi
|-
| ''Raftaar'' || Hindi
|-
| ''[[Rajasthan Patrika|Patrika]]''<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.patrika.com/jhansi-news/ | title=Jhansi News, झांसी न्यूज़, Jhansi News in Hindi, Jhansi Samachar, झांसी समाचार}}</ref> || Hindi
|-
| ''Swadesh'' || Hindi
|-
| ''Dainik Uddhog Hakikat'' || Hindi
|-
|Look Media
|Hindi
|}

===Radio===
Jhansi has five radio stations: Radio Mirchi 98.3 FM, 92.7 BIG FM, 103.0 AIR FM and 91.1 Red FM and 93.5 FM.

==Sport==
Sports stadiums in Jhansi are [[Dhyanchand Stadium]], Railway Stadium, and LVM Sports Place. [[Dhyanchand Stadium]] is the best place in Jhansi to learn sports skills. Many Sports played in Dhyanchand Stadium like Hockey, cricket, football, chess and many more.

==Notable people==
[[File:Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi.jpg|thumb|[[Rani Lakshmibai|Rani Lakshmi Bai]]]]


* [[Pradeep Jain Aditya]], is an Indian politician from Indian National Congress (INC)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pradeep Kumar Jain Aditya(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- JHANSI(JHANSI) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://myneta-info.translate.goog/uplb2017/candidate.php?candidate_id=3614&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=hi&_x_tr_hl=hi&_x_tr_pto=tc |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=myneta-info.translate.goog}}</ref>
* [[Ramesh Chandra Agarwal]], media proprietor and founder-chairman of the ''[[Dainik Bhaskar]]'' group of newspapers
* [[Edward Angelo]] (born 1870), Australian politician
* [[Alexander Archdale]], English actor in theatre and film
* [[Chandra Shekhar Azad]], Indian freedom fighter
* [[Vinod Kumar Bansal]], Bansal classes, Kota
* [[Michael Bates (actor)|Michael Bates]], English actor; ''[[Last of the Summer Wine]]'' and ''[[It Ain't Half Hot Mum]]''
* [[Raja Bundela]], Indian actor, producer, politician and civil activist
* [[Dhyan Chand|Major Dhyan Chand]], ([[Padma Bhushan]]), former Indian Army officer and Indian field hockey player
* [[Raghunath Vinayak Dhulekar]] MCA & Member of Parliament 1952, MLC & Speaker Vidhan Parishad 1958, notable pleader, Social leader
* [[Maithili Sharan Gupt]], Rashtrakavi (National Poet), Member of Parliament (1952-1964), Padma Bhushan (1954) and pioneer of hindi poetry
* [[Hesketh Hesketh-Prichard]], explorer, adventurer, big-game hunter and marksman who improved to sniping practice in the British Army in the First World War
* [[Indeevar]], Hindi films lyricist
* [[Piyush Jha]], film director and screenwriter and novelist of Indian origin
* [[Jhalkaribai]], freedom fighter and advisor to Rani Lakshmi Bai
* [[Rani of Jhansi]], queen of Jhansi (1853–58), consort of Maharaja [[Gangadhar Rao]] Newalkar of Jhansi
* [[Abdul Karim (the Munshi)|Abdul Karim]], an Indian attendant of [[Queen Victoria]] who served her during the final 15 years of her reign, gaining her maternal affection over that time.
* [[Subodh Khandekar]], Olympian hockey player
* [[B. B. Lal (archaeologist)|B. B. Lal]], former Director General of the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (ASI), known for his contribution on [[Indus Valley Civilization]], [[Mahabharat]] and [[Ramayana]] sites.
* [[Pankaj Mishra]], Indian essayist and novelist
* [[Joy Mukherjee]], Indian actor and director
* [[Ram Mukherjee]], Indian director
* [[Sashadhar Mukherjee]], producer of Hindi films
* [[Subodh Mukherjee]], director, producer, writer of Hindi cinema; hits include ''Paying Guest'', ''Munimji'', ''Love Marriage'' (parts were shot at Jhansi), and ''Junglee''
* [[Randeep Rai]], Indian television and film actor
* [[Gangadhar Rao]], Raja of Jhansi State, 1838–53
* [[Raaj Shaandilyaa]], Bollywood writer and director
* [[Anurag Sharma (politician)|Anurag Sharma]] is a Bharatiya Janata Party politician and Member of Parliament in Lok Sabha from Jhansi-Lalitpur constituency of Uttar Pradesh
* [[Vishwanath Sharma]], owner of [[Baidyanath Group]], parliamentarian
* [[Amit Singhal]], senior vice-president at [[Google]]
* [[Surendra Verma]], Hindi author and playwright
* [[Vrindavan Lal Verma]] (9 January 1889 – 23 February 1969) was a Hindi novelist and playwright. He was honoured with Padma Bhushan for his literary works



==Jhansi in popular culture==
===Jhansi in literature===
{{See also|Rani of Jhansi#Literature, film & television}}
Two novels by [[John Masters]] are set in the fictional town of Bhowani. According to the author, writing in the glossary to the earlier novel, ''[[Nightrunners of Bengal]]'', Bhowani is an "imaginary town. To get a geographical bearing on the story it should be imagined to be about where Jhansi really is - 25.27 N., 78.33 E."<ref>Masters, John. ''Nightrunners of Bengal''. (London and New York, 1951). Glossary.</ref> ''Nightrunners of Bengal'' is set during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 at "Bhowani" (the title alludes to the mysterious distribution of "chapatis" to village headmen which preceded the revolt). ''[[Bhowani Junction]]'' is set in 1946/47 the eve of independence. In each novel the main character is a British army officer named Colonel Rodney Savage, one of a succession of such men from the same family.

[[Christina Rossetti]] wrote a short poem about the fate of the Skene family at Jhansi during the [[Indian Mutiny]]. It is entitled "In the Round Tower at Jhansi - 8 June 1857". It was published in 1862 in the same volume as her more celebrated poem "Goblin Market". Some time afterward, Rossetti discovered that she had been misinformed about the husband and wife's suicide pact in the face of a murderous and implacable enemy ('The swarming howling wretches below' the tower walls) which is the poem's subject, but did not delete it from later editions. Jhansi is the centre of story in Vrindavan Lal Verma's Hindi novel 'Jhansi Ki Rani'. This novel tells the story of Jhansi ki Rani Lakshmibai, who fought bravely in 1858–59 to save Jhansi from the Britishers' attack.

==See also==
* [[Barua Sagar]]
* [[List of educational institutions in Jhansi]]
* [[Matatila Dam]]
* [[Parichha]]
* [[Jhansi Ki Rani]]
* [[Jhansi Cantonment Cemetery]]

==Gallery==
<gallery>
ISKCON Temple at Jhansi City.jpg|ISKCON Temple in the city
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Jhansi}}
* {{wikivoyage-inline|Jhansi}}
* {{Official website|http://www.jhansi.nic.in}}

{{Jhansi district}}
{{Districts of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Jhansi division topics}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Uttar Pradesh}}

[[Category:Jhansi| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Bundelkhand]]
[[Category:Bundelkhand]]
[[Category:Cities in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Capitals of ancient kingdoms in Uttar Pradesh]]

Bhati (surname)

2026-03-21T18:24:44Z

StephanieCrowthe: creating new stub...

{{Infobox noble house
| surname =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = House of Jaisalmer
| coat of arms = COA of Jaisalmer State.svg
| coat_of_arms_size = 200px
| coat_of_arms_caption = Coat of arms
| image = Jaisalmer Flag.svg
| image_caption = Flag of the Kingdom of Jaisalmer
| type = 
| parent house =
| country = [[Kingdom of Jaisalmer]]
| founded = 3rd century
| founder = [[Rao Bhati]]
| current head = Chaitanya Raj Singh
| dissolution =
| final ruler = Maharawal Girdhar Singh
| titles = [[Rawal (title)|Rawal]] (later Maharawal) of [[kingdom of Jaisalmer|Jaisalmer]]
| styles =
| deposition =
| cadet branches =
}}

The '''Bhati''' is a surname as well as the name of a historically prominent [[Rajput]] clan of [[Rajput|Yaduvanshi]] ([[Lunar dynasty|Chandravanshi]]) lineage, associated with a ruling dynasty centered in [[Jaisalmer]] in present-day Rajasthan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Kothiyal |first=Tanuja |title=Nomadic Narratives: A History of Mobility and Identity in the Great Indian Desert |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2016 |pages=52–55 |isbn=9781107080317}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Singh |first=Kumar Suresh |title=People of India: Rajasthan |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1998}}</ref>

Historical scholarship describes the Bhatis as part of the Yaduvanshi Rajput tradition, tracing descent from the Yadu lineage associated with Krishna and forming one of the notable ruling lineages of the Thar desert region.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Kothiyal |first=Tanuja |title=Nomadic Narratives and the Yaduvanshi Rajputs |journal=Indian Economic and Social History Review |volume=53 |issue=3 |pages=445–474 |year=2016 |doi=10.1177/0019464616649567 |jstor=44545174}}</ref>

Scholarly works on Rajput history group the Bhati clan with other Yaduvanshi Rajput lineages such as the [[Jadeja]] and [[Chudasama]] clans.<ref>{{cite book |last=Asopa |first=R. C. |title=Origin of the Rajputs |publisher=Indological Book House |year=1976 |pages=145–150}}</ref>

'''Bhati''' (also [[Romanization|romanised]] as '''Bhattī''') is a [[Rajput]] clan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rathore |first=Virendra Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NvUBEAAAQBAJ&dq=bhati+yaduvanshi&pg=PA54 |title=Prithviraj Chauhan - a Light on the Mist in History |date=2020-09-29 |publisher=Virendra Singh Rathore |isbn=978-1-63640-019-8 |language=en}}</ref> The Bhati clan historically ruled over several cities in present-day [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] with their final capital and kingdom being [[Jaisalmer]], India.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Middleton |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R63ACQAAQBAJ&dq=bhati+rajput&pg=PA765 |title=World Monarchies and Dynasties |date=2015-06-01 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-45158-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Parihar |first=Vinita |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zw0cAAAAIAAJ&q=bhati+chandravanshi |title=Society in Transition |date=1989 |publisher=Printwell Publishers |isbn=978-81-7044-152-6 |language=en}}</ref>
== Notable people ==
* Bhati or Bhattiya, the father of [[Bimbisara]] (558–491 BC) the ancient Indian king of Magadha
* [[Ajaib Singh Bhatti]] (born 1951), Indian politician of Punjab
* [[Dhirendra Singh|Dhirendra Singh Bhati]] (born 1966), Indian politician of Uttar Pradesh
* [[Chiman Singh Bhati]] (died 1975), Indian politician of Rajasthan
* [[Ravindra Singh Bhati]] (born 1997), Indian politician of Rajasthan
* [[Devi Singh Bhati]] (born 1946), Indian politician of Rajasthan
* [[Hridayeshwar Singh Bhati]] (born 2002), Indian chess innovator
* [[Narayan Singh Bhati]] (1930–2004), Indian writer
* [[Bhanwar Singh Bhati]] (born 1974), Indian politician of Rajasthan
* [[Bheem Raj Bhati|Bheem Raj Singh Bhati]] (born 1947), Indian politician of Rajasthan

==See also==
*[[Bhati|Bhati Dynasty]]
*[[Jaisalmer Fort|Jaisalmer]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{surnames|Bhati}}

List of international prime ministerial trips made by Morarji Desai

2026-03-12T13:38:02Z

StephanieCrowthe:

{{Short description|none}}
This is a '''list of international prime ministerial trips''' made by [[Morarji Desai]] during his tenure as the [[Prime Minister of India]] from March 1977 and July 1979. The first overseas visit was to Iran in June 1977.

==Summary of international trips==
{{Further|Foreign relations of India}}

In his two-year long tenure as the Prime Minister, Morarji Desai made 9 international trips, visiting 15 countries, including visits to the United States to attend the United Nations General Assembly.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Prime Minister Morarji Desai's visits by country
|-
!Number of visits
!Country
|-
|1 visit (12)
|[[Australia]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Belgium]], [[Czechoslovakia]], [[France]], [[Kenya]], [[Nepal]], [[Poland]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[United States]], [[West Germany]], [[Yugoslavia]]
|-
|2 visits (2)
|[[Iran]], [[Soviet Union]], [[United Kingdom]]
|}

==1977==
{|style="width: 100%;margin: 1em auto 1em auto" class="wikitable collapsible sortable"
|-
!
! style="width:150px;"|Country
! style="width:120px;"|Areas visited
! style="width:100px;"|Date(s)
! style="width:180px;"|Purpose
! style="width:550px;"|Notes
|-
!rowspan="3"|1
|{{Flag|Iran|1964}}
|[[Tehran]]
|7 June
|
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
|{{Flag|United Kingdom}}
|[[London]]
|8–15 June
|[[1977 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting|4th Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting]]
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
|{{Flag|France}}
|[[Paris]]
|June
|
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
!colspan="6"|
|-
!2
|{{flag|Soviet Union}}
|[[Moscow]]
|October
|
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
!colspan="6"|
|-
!3
|{{Flag|Nepal}}
|[[Kathmandu]]
|November–December
|
|<ref name=":2" />
|}

==1978==
{|style="width: 100%;margin: 1em auto 1em auto" class="wikitable collapsible sortable"
|-
!
! style="width:150px;"|Country
! style="width:120px;"|Areas visited
! style="width:100px;"|Date(s)
! style="width:180px;"|Purpose
! style="width:550px;"|Notes
|-
!4
|{{Flag|Australia}}
|[[Sydney]]
|February
|Regional Commonwealth Conference
|<ref name=":2">{{cite web|url=http://mealib.nic.in/?2506?000|title=Annual Reports Prior to 1999 : Annual Report 1977-78|access-date=2022-02-20|archive-date=2021-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416164553/https://mealib.nic.in/?2506%3F000|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!colspan="6"|
|-
!rowspan="4"|5
|{{Flag|Iran|1964}}
|[[Tehran]]
|June
|Stop-over
|<ref name=":3" />
|-
|{{Flag|Belgium}}
|[[Brussels]]
|June
|
|<ref name=":3" />
|-
|{{Flag|United Kingdom}}
|[[London]]
|June
|
|<ref name=":3" />
|-
|{{Flag|United States}}
|[[New York City]], [[San Francisco]], [[Omaha]]
|12–15 June
|[[United Nations General Assembly]]
|<ref name="state.gov">{{cite web|title = India - Visits by Foreign Leaders - Department History - Office of the Historian|url = https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/visits/india|website = history.state.gov|access-date = 2015-12-15|archive-date = 2016-03-08|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160308050252/https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/visits/india|url-status = live}}</ref><ref name = "1966-67">{{Cite web |url=http://mealib.nic.in/?pdf2493%3F000 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2022-02-20 |archive-date=2015-05-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503080545/http://mealib.nic.in/?pdf2493%3F000 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!colspan="6"|
|-
!6
|{{Flag|Kenya}}
|[[Nairobi]]
|August
|State funeral of [[Jomo Kenyatta]]
|<ref name=":3">{{cite web|url=http://mealib.nic.in/?2507?000|title=Annual Reports Prior to 1999 : Annual Report 1978-79}}</ref>
|}

==1979==
{|style="width: 100%;margin: 1em auto 1em auto" class="wikitable collapsible sortable"
|-
!
! style="width:150px;"|Country
! style="width:120px;"|Areas visited
! style="width:100px;"|Date(s)
! style="width:180px;"|Purpose
! style="width:550px;"|Notes
|-
!7
|{{Flag|Sri Lanka}}
|[[Colombo]]
|February 1979
|Chief guest on the [[Independence Day (Sri Lanka)|Sri Lankan Independence Day]] celebration
|<ref name=":3" />
|-
!colspan="6"|
|-
!8
|{{Flag|Bangladesh}}
|[[Dhaka]]
|16–18 April 1979
|
|<ref name="hcidhaka.gov.in">{{Cite web |url=http://hcidhaka.gov.in/pages.php?id=1624 |title=Bilateral Visits |access-date=2017-03-29 |archive-date=2017-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170408142536/https://www.hcidhaka.gov.in/pages.php?id=1624 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
!colspan="6"|
|-
!rowspan="5"|9
|{{Flag|West Germany}}
|[[Frankfurt]]
|June 1979
|
|<ref name=":4">{{cite web|url=http://mealib.nic.in/?2508?000|title=Annual Reports Prior to 1999 : Annual Report 1979-80|access-date=2022-02-20|archive-date=2021-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416174111/https://mealib.nic.in/?2508%3F000|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Soviet Union}}
|[[Moscow]]
|10–14 June 1979
|
|<ref name=":4" />
|-
|{{Flag|Poland|1955}}
|[[Warsaw]]
|14–16 June 1979
|
|<ref name=":4" />
|-
|{{Flag|Czechoslovakia}}
|[[Prague]]
|16–18 June 1979
|
|<ref name=":4" />
|-
|{{flag|Yugoslavia}}
|[[Belgrade]]
|18–21 June 1979
|
|<ref name=":4" />
|}

==See also==
* [[Premiership of Morarji Desai]]
* [[List of international trips made by prime ministers of India]]
* [[History of Indian foreign relations]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.mea.gov.in/outgoing-visits.htm?2/outgoing_visits Outgoing Visits] – by [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]]
* [https://academic.oup.com/isq/article/69/1/sqae144/7921924 Nonresident Prime Ministers? Measuring India's Foreign Policy Orientation via Leadership Travel] by Sumitha Narayanan Kutty and Walter C. Ladwig III

{{Foreign relations of India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Desai, Morarji}}
[[Category:Desai administration]]
[[Category:Indian prime ministerial visits]]
[[Category:Lists of diplomatic visits by heads of government]]
[[Category:20th century in international relations]]

Haryanvis

2026-03-04T17:07:02Z

StephanieCrowthe: made data

{{Short description|Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{infobox ethnic group
| group = Haryanvis
| native_name =
| image = Haryanvi culture.jpg
| flag =
| caption = Haryanvi women in folk costume
| population = 26 million
| popplace = [[India]] ([[Haryana]], [[Delhi]])
| langs = [[Haryanvi language|Haryanvi]], [[Hindi]]
| religions = '''Predominantly:''' [[File:Om.svg|15px]] [[Hinduism]] '''Minority:''' [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|18px]] [[Islam]], [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]] [[Sikhism]], [[File:Jain Prateek Chihna.svg|12px]] [[Jainism]]
| related = [[Indo-Aryan peoples]]
}}

The '''Haryanvis''' are an [[Indo-Aryan people|Indo-Aryan]] [[ethnolinguistic group]] native to [[Haryana]] in northern [[India]]. They speak [[Haryanvi language|Haryanvi]] and some [[Rajasthani languages]] such as [[Ahirwati]], [[Mewati]], and [[Bagri language|Bagri]]. The term ''Haryanvi'' has been used both in the ethnolinguistic sense and for someone from Haryana.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/the-way-tough-haryanvis-speak-18241|title=The way tough Haryanvis speak|website=tribuneindia|date=28 December 2019|access-date=28 March 2020|archive-date=28 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328042237/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/the-way-tough-haryanvis-speak-18241|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Folk Songs">{{cite web|url=http://web.iitd.ac.in/~singhk/home/Phase1.htm|title=Social Status of a Haryanvi Rural Woman: A Reflective Study through Folk Songs|website=iitd.ac.com|access-date=28 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/no-takers-in-their-own-land-753271|title = No takers in their own land}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/hindustan-times-gurugram/20181224/281629601383742|title=Establishing the continuity of our local languages within the region|date=24 December 2018|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=12 November 2023|via=Press Reader}}</ref>

==Distribution==
{{See also|Haryana#Demography|l1=Demography of Haryana}}

===Haryanvi diaspora overseas ===
{{See also|Indian diaspora|l1=Indian diaspora overseas}}

There is increasingly large diaspora of Haryanvis in Pakistan who migrated to Pakistan after partition in 1947, [[Australian Indians|Australia]], [[Canadian Indians|Canada]], [[Singaporean Indians|Singapore]], [[Indian New Zealanders|New Zealand]], [[Indians in Saudi Arabia|Saudi Arabia]], [[Indians in the United Arab Emirates|UAE]], [[British Indians|UK]], [[Indian Americans|US]], etc.

In Australia, the community lives mainly in Sydney and Melbourne, has set up ''Association of Haryanvis in Australia'' (AHA) which organise events.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nriaffairs.com/australian-haryanvi-community-celebrates-teej-mela-in-style/|title=Australian Haryanvi community celebrates Teej Mela in style|publisher=nriaffairs|date=24 July 2022|access-date=27 August 2022}}</ref>

In Singapore, the community has set up the ''Singapore Haryanvi Kunba'' organisation in 2012 which also has a Facebook group of same name.

==Culture==
{{Main|Haryana#Culture}}
The culture of [[Haryana]] is similar to neighbouring regions including [[Punjab]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Haryana | title=Haryana | History, Capital, Population, Map, & Government | Britannica }}</ref>
===Language===
{{Main|Haryanvi language}}

Haryanvi is a branch of the Western Hindi [[dialect]], and it is written in a modified form of [[Devanagari]] script.

===Folk music and dance===
{{Main|Music of Haryana}}

Folk music is integral part of Haryanvi culture. Folk songs are sung during occasion of child birth, wedding, festival, and [[Satsang]] (singing religious songs).<ref name="Folk Songs"/><ref name="Musical Heritage of India">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nuWBch2jTqAC|title=Musical Heritage of India|publisher=APH Publishing corporation|author=Manorama Sharma|page=65|isbn=978-8131300466|year=2007}}</ref> Some dances are Khoriya, Chaupaiya, Loor, Been, [[Ghoomar]], Dhamal, [[Phalguna|Phaag]], [[Shraavana|Sawan]] and Gugga.<ref name="Musical Heritage of India"/>

===Cuisine===
Haryana is agricultural state known for producing foodgrains such as [[wheat]], [[barley]], [[pearl millet]], [[maize]], [[rice]] and high-quality [[dairy]]. Daily village meal in Haryana consist of a simple thali of [[roti]], paired with a leafy stir-fry (saag in dishes such as gajar methi or aloo palak), condiments such as chaas, [[chutney]], [[Pickling|pickles]]. Some known Haryanvi dishes are green choliya (green chickpeas), bathua yogurt, {{transliteration|bgc|italic=no|bajre ki roti}}, {{transliteration|bgc|italic=no|sangri ki sabzi}} (beans), {{transliteration|bgc|italic=no|kachri ki}} chutney (wild cucumber) and {{transliteration|bgc|italic=no|bajre ki khichdi}}. Some sweets are panjiri and pinni prepared by unrefined sugar like bura and shakkar and diary. [[Malpua]] are popular during festivals.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/gG7NxOnm6jufRzBYcPdyEN/Haryanvi-thali-Not-just-dhaba-fare.html|title=Haryanvi thali: Not just 'dhaba' fare|website=livemint|date=4 May 2018|access-date=28 March 2020}}</ref>

===Clothes===
{{See also|History of clothing in the Indian subcontinent|Textile industry in India#History of Textile industry in India|label2= History of Textile industry in India}}

Traditional attire for men is turban, shirt, [[dhoti]], [[jutti]] and cotton or woollen shawl. Traditional attire for female is typically an orhna (veil), shirt or [[Angia (garment)|angia]] (short blouse), ghagri (heavy long skirt) and Jitti. Saris are also worn. Traditionally the [[Khadi|Khaddar]] (coarse cotton weave cloth) is a frequently used as the fabric.<ref name=cloth1>Arihant Experts, Haryana SSC Recruitment Exam 2019, Page 13.</ref><ref name=cloth2>Ram Sarup Joon, 1967, History of the Jats, Page 11.</ref>

===Cinema===
{{See also|Haryanvi cinema|List of Haryanvi-language films}}

The first movie of Haryanvi cinema is Dharti which was released in 1968. The first financially successful Haryanvi movie was ''[[Chandrawal]]'' (1984) which spurted the continuing production of [[Haryanvi Cinema|Haryanvi films]], although none have been as successful.<ref name=govt>{{cite news|title='Haryanvi movies need govt push'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Haryanvi-movies-need-govt-push/articleshow/6695524.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323190345/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-10-06/chandigarh/28259020_1_haryanvi-entertainment-tax-hindi-movie|url-status=live|archive-date=23 March 2012|access-date=17 March 2011|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=6 October 2010}}</ref> Other films such as ''Phool Badan'' and ''Chora Haryane Ka'' followed with only about one out of twelve films being profitable at the box office.<ref name=govt/> In 2000, Aswini Chowdhary won the [[Indira Gandhi Award for Best Debut Film of a Director]] at the [[National Film Awards]] for the Haryanvi film ''Laddo''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Press Trust of India|title=President to give away national film awards on Sept 18|url=http://www.expressindia.com/ie/daily/20000916/ina16014.html|access-date=17 March 2011|newspaper=Indian Express|date=16 September 2000}}</ref> In 2010 the government of [[Haryana]] announced they were considering establishing a film board to promote Haryanvi-language films.<ref>{{cite news|title=Haryana may set up board to promote Haryanvi films|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/10/03/stories/2010100359290700.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101008025813/http://www.hindu.com/2010/10/03/stories/2010100359290700.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 October 2010|access-date=17 March 2011|date=3 October 2010|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India}}</ref>

==Notable people==
{{See also|List of people from Haryana}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Works cited===
* {{cite book |author=Hans Bakker |author-link=Hans T. Bakker |title=The World of the Skandapurāṇa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6p2XCgAAQBAJ |year=2014 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-27714-4}}
* {{citation |last=Pletcher |first=Kenneth |year=2010 |title=The History of India |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group |isbn=9781615301225 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VsujRFvaHI8C&q=Kuru+Kaushambi&pg=PA63}}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qoRDAAAAYAAJ |title=Military History of India |publisher=Orient Longmans |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |author-link=Jadunath Sarkar |year=1960 |pages=66–69 |isbn=9780861251551}}
* {{cite book |author=Upinder Singh |title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&pg=PA562 |year=2008 |publisher=Pearson Education India |isbn=978-81-317-1120-0}}
* {{citation |last=Witzel |first=Michael |year=1995 |title=Early Sanskritization: Origin and Development of the Kuru state |journal=EJVS |volume=1 |issue=4 |url=http://www.ejvs.laurasianacademy.com/ejvs0104/ejvs0104article.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070611142934/http://www.ejvs.laurasianacademy.com/ejvs0104/ejvs0104article.pdf |archive-date=11 June 2007}}

{{Haryana}}
{{Ethnic and social groups of the Punjab}}
{{Scheduled tribes of India}}

[[Category:Indo-Aryan peoples]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]

Vaijanath Biradar

2026-03-04T06:10:58Z

StephanieCrowthe:

{{short description|Indian comedian-film actor|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name =Vaijanath Biradar
| image = Vijanath biradar ವೈಜನಾಥ್ ಬಿರಾದಾರ್ (cropped).jpg
| image_size = 250px
| caption =
| birth_name =Vaijanath Basappa Biradar
| birth_date ={{birth date and age|1952|6|26|df=y}}
| birth_place =Tegampur, [[Bhalki]], [[Bidar]], [[Karnataka]], India
| awards = Filmfare (2011)
| children =
| occupation = Film actor, stage actor
| relatives =
| known_for = [[Kanasemba Kudureyaneri]]
| father = Basappa Biradar
| mother = Nagamma Biradar
}}

'''Vaijanath Basappa Biradar''' is an Indian comedian and actor who works in [[Kannada cinema]]. He has acted nearly 500 movies in [[Kannada]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.prajavani.net/entertainment/cinema/vaijanath-biradar-acting-500-films-in-kannada-industry-766743.html|title=ವೈಜನಾಥ ಬಿರಾದಾರ ಈಗ 500 ಚಿತ್ರಗಳ ಒಡೆಯ|trans-title=Vaijanath Biradar acting his 500th movie in Kannada|publisher=[[Prajavani]]|language=kn |date=30 September 2020|access-date=30 Sep 2020}}</ref>

He was awarded the top one best actor in the 2011 India Imagine film festival that took place in [[Madrid]], [[Spain]] for his performance in the Kannada film ''[[Kanasemba Kudureyaneri]]'' directed by [[Girish Kasaravalli]] in 2010.<ref>{{cite web | title= AWARDS / IMAGINEINDIA 2011 | url= http://www.imagineindia.net/eng/News/News.php?id=4372258745143051847 | publisher= Imagine India | date= 2011-05-31 | access-date= 8 June 2011 | archive-date= 26 July 2011 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110726211641/http://www.imagineindia.net/eng/News/News.php?id=4372258745143051847 | url-status= dead }}</ref>

==Personal life==
Vaijanath Biradar was born on 26 June 1952 to Kailash patil and Nagamma in the village called Tegampur in [[Bhalki]] taluk of [[Bidar]] district of northern [[Karnataka]].<ref name="A special homecoming">{{cite news |date=13 July 2011 |title=A special homecoming |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/a-special-homecoming/article2225726.ece |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250907062020/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/a-special-homecoming/article2225726.ece |archivedate=7 September 2025 |accessdate=7 September 2025 |publisher=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}</ref>

==Selected filmography==
{{Colbegin}}
*''[[List of Kannada films of 1993|Love Training]]'' (1993)
*[[Shhh! (film)|''Shhh'']] (1993)
*''[[Aliya Alla Magala Ganda]]'' (1997)
*''[[O Mallige]]'' (1997)
*''[[Rambhe Urvashi Menake]]'' (1999)
*''[[Jipuna Nanna Ganda]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Dr. B. R. Ambedkar (film)|Dr. B. R. Ambedkar]]'' (2005; English)
*''[[Mata (2006 film)|Mata]]'' (2006)
*''[[Care of Footpath]]'' (2006)
*''[[Kanasemba Kudureyaneri]]'' (2010)
*''[[Soombe]]'' (2011; Tulu)
*''[[Karataka Damanaka]]'' (2024)
{{Colend}}

==References==

<references/>

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|5705032|Vaijanath Biradar}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pAZDx-wNDqE Life story of Vaijanath Biradar]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Biradar, Vijanath}}
[[Category:Male actors in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Bidar]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Rajyotsava Award 2014]]
[[Category:1952 births]]

Prathap (1990 film)

2026-03-03T22:06:47Z

StephanieCrowthe: Started a data

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Prathap
| image = Prathap (film).jpg
| caption = Title card
| director = [[V. Somashekhar]]
| writer = V. Somashekhar
| producer = S. Prathibha Devi
| starring = [[Arjun Sarja]] [[Malashri]] [[Sudharani]] [[Devaraj]]
| cinematography = [[Sundarnath Suvarna]]
| editing = Victor Yadav
| music = [[Hamsalekha]]
| studio = Prathibhe Films
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1990|9|25}}
| runtime = 163 minutes
| language = Kannada
| country = India
| budget =
}}

'''''Prathap''''' is a 1990 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[action film]] written and directed by [[V. Somashekhar]]. It stars [[Arjun Sarja]], [[Malashri]] and [[Sudharani]]. The soundtrack and background score were composed by [[Hamsalekha]].

== Premise ==
Rani is a tribeswoman, who saves a person named Pratap from being chased by the police. She soon falls in love with him and learns about Prathap's past as an [[Inspector]] who tried to exterminate illegal activities in the city and got framed by his enemies. He also lost his loved ones in the process. Learning this, Rani decides to help Prathap in avenging his personal loss.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Arjun Sarja]] as [[Superintendent of police (India)|SP]] Prathap
* [[Malashri]] as Rani
* [[Sudharani]] as Shanthi
* [[Vajramuni]] as Mamgya
* [[Maanu (actor)|Maanu]]
* [[Doddanna]] as Bhairava
* [[Sathyajith (Kannada actor)|Sathyajith]] as tribal chief
* [[Devaraj]] as Devu
* [[Jai Jagadish]] as Jaggu
* [[Keerthiraj]] as Prabhu
* [[Mukhyamantri Chandru]] as Chief Minister
* [[Dheerendra Gopal]] as Home Minister Ullagaddi
* [[Sudheer (Kannada actor)|Sudheer]] as Finance Minister Bendigeri
* [[Lohithaswa]] as [[Inspector-general of police#India|IGP]] Narasimha Murthy
* Lakshman as Shivanand
* [[Jaggesh]] as tribesman
* Ashok Rao as Dharmaparvatha Dayanand
* Prithviraj as Govinda Rao
* [[Krishne Gowda]] as judge
* [[Negro Johnny]]
* Shivaprakash
* M. S. Karanth as Rajashekhar
* Y. R. Ashwath Narayan
* Chikkanna
* Mico Seetharam
* Bangalore Nagesh
* [[Sarigama Viji]] as Suri
* B. K. Shankar
* [[Rathnakar (actor)|Rathnakar]] as priest
* Devaraju
* Aravind
}}

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack of the film was composed and lyrics written by [[Hamsalekha]].<ref name="D">{{Cite web |last=Prasad |first=Shashi |date=10 February 2018 |title=Prema Baraha movie review: War & love for a song! |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/100218/prema-baraha-movie-review-chandan-aishwarya-arjun.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915232905/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/100218/prema-baraha-movie-review-chandan-aishwarya-arjun.html |archive-date=15 September 2022 |access-date=15 September 2022 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> The audio was released by [[Lahari Music]]. The song "Prema Baraha" inspired the name of a [[Prema Baraha|2018 film]], and the song was reused in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharadhaa |first=A. |date=6 December 2017 |title=Arjun Sarja says Jai Anjaneya |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2017/dec/06/arjun-sarja-says-jai-anjaneya-1719475.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611211829/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2017/dec/06/arjun-sarja-says-jai-anjaneya-1719475.html |archive-date=11 June 2020 |access-date=15 September 2022 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref name="D" /> Coincidentally, [[Aishwarya Arjun]], who stars in that film, was born during the making of the song.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 May 2016 |title=Prema Baraha launched |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2016/may/24/prema-baraha-launched-907220.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316095039/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2016/may/24/Prema-Baraha-launched-907220.html |archive-date=16 March 2022 |access-date=15 September 2022 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> Arjun called the song one of his favourites and keeps it as his caller tune.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sharadhaa |first=A. |date=16 May 2016 |title=Prema Baraha by Arjun Sarja |page=3 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2016/may/16/prema-baraha-by-arjun-sarja-904316.html |url-status=live |access-date=15 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316095014/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2016/may/16/Prema-Baraha-by-Arjun-Sarja-904316.html |archive-date=16 March 2022}}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Dhimgudthade Jhuygudthade
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Manjula Gururaj]]
| lyrics1 = [[Hamsalekha]]
| length1 =
| title2 = Thamboorayya Thanthi Meetayya
| extra2 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Manjula Gururaj
| lyrics2 = Hamsalekha
| length2 =
| title3 = Kaadu Kali
| extra3 = Manjula Gururaj
| lyrics3 = Hamsalekha
| length3 =
| title4 = Ee Jogada Jalapatha
| extra4 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[Chandrika Gururaj]]
| lyrics4 = Hamsalekha
| length4 =
| title5 = Prema Baraha
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Chandrika Gururaj
| lyrics5 = Hamsalekha
| length5 =
| title6 = Yaravva Manaseleyonu
| extra6 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Manjula Gururaj
| lyrics6 = Hamsalekha
| length6 =
}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|29260841}}

{{V. Somashekhar}}

[[Category:1990 action films]]
[[Category:1990 films]]
[[Category:1990 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:1990 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Hamsalekha]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]

Guru Brahma

2026-03-03T22:03:44Z

StephanieCrowthe: correct details

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Guru Brahma
| image =
| caption =
| director = Veerappa Maralavadi
| producer = Bhanu
| writer = Veerappa Maralavadi
| screenplay = Veerappa Maralavadi
| starring = [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]] [[Sukanya (actress)|Sukanya]] [[Lokesh]] [[Sumithra (actress)|Sumithra]]
| music = [[Hamsalekha]]
| cinematography = Kabir Lal
| editing = K Balu
| studio = Sri Ranga Creations
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1992|08|04|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = [[Kannada]]
}}

'''''Guru Brahma''''' (Kannada: ಗುರು ಬ್ರಹ್ಮ) is a [[Kannada films of 1992|1992]] Indian [[Kannada]] film, directed by Veerappa Maralavadi and produced by Bhanu. The film stars [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]], [[Sukanya (actress)|Sukanya]], [[Lokesh]] and [[Sumithra (actress)|Sumithra]] in lead roles. The film had musical score by [[Hamsalekha]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nthwall.com/ka/Guru-Brahma-1982/9219801154|title=Guru Brahma|accessdate=2014-10-07|publisher=.nthwall.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010071118/http://www.nthwall.com/ka/Guru-Brahma-1982/9219801154|archive-date=10 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://bharatmovies.rave-staging.com/kannada/info/guru-brahma.htm|title=Guru Brahma|accessdate=2014-10-07|publisher=bharatmovies.rave-staging.com}}</ref> This is one of those rare movies where both hero and heroine played dual roles.

==Cast==
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*[[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]]
*[[Sukanya (actress)|Sukanya]]
*[[Lokesh]]
*[[Sumithra (actress)|Sumithra]]
*[[Ramakrishna (Kannada actor)|Ramakrishna]]
*Brahmavar
*[[Ramesh Bhat]]
*[[Mukhyamantri Chandru]]
*Ashalatha
*[[Mandeep Roy]]
*[[Shani Mahadevappa]]
*Rathnakar
*Agro Chikkanna
*B K Shankar
*Bharath Bhagavathar
*Go Ra Bheema Rao
*Nanjundaiah
{{div col end}}

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed and lyrics for the soundtrack written by [[Hamsalekha]].

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Varuna Varuna
| extra1 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
| lyrics1 =
| length1 =
| title2 = Deepa Deepa Roopa
| extra2 = [[K. J. Yesudas]], K. S. Chithra
| lyrics2 =
| length2 =
| title3 = Hetthu Hotthu Mutthu
| extra3 = K. J. Yesudas, Mano, [[Manjula Gururaj]]
| lyrics3 =
| length3 =
| title4 = O Prema Prema
| extra4 = Mano, [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
| lyrics4 =
| length4 =
| title5 = Maduve Maduve
| extra5 = K. J. Yesudas, Mano, K. S. Chithra
| lyrics5 =
| length5 =
|}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:1992 films]]
[[Category:1992 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:1992 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Hamsalekha]]

{{1990s-Kannada-film-stub}}

Nani's Gang Leader

2026-03-03T17:50:14Z

StephanieCrowthe: created a post - done

{{short description|2019 action comedy film by Vikram Kumar}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Nani's Gang Leader
| image = Gang Leader 2019 film poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Vikram Kumar]]
| producer = Naveen Yerneni Yalamanchili Ravi Shankar Mohan Cherukuri (CVM)
| writer = Vikram Kumar
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Nani (actor)|Nani]]
*[[Priyanka Mohan]]
*[[Kartikeya Gummakonda|Kartikeya]]
*[[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]]
*[[Saranya Ponvannan]]
*Shriya Kontham
*Praanya P. Rao
}}
| music = [[Anirudh Ravichander]]
| cinematography = [[Miroslaw Kuba Brozek]]
| editing = [[Naveen Nooli]]
| studio = [[Mythri Movie Makers]]
| runtime = 155 minutes<ref name=BBFC>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/gang-leader-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc00mdixodk|title=GANG LEADER|website=[[British Board of Film Classification]]}}</ref>
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2019|09|13}}
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget = {{INR|40 [[crore]]}}<ref name="sakshi" />
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR|75 [[crore]]}}<ref name="sakshi">{{Cite web|date=2019-12-31|title=2019లో భారీ వసూళ్లు రాబట్టిన సినిమాలివే..|url=https://www.sakshi.com/news/family/roundup-2019-special-story-tollywood-movies-1252065|access-date=2020-08-06|website=Sakshi|language=te}}</ref>
}}

'''''Nani's Gang Leader''''' (also known simply as '''''Gang Leader''''') is a 2019 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action comedy film]]<ref name="BBFC" /> written and directed by [[Vikram Kumar]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nanis-gang-leader-with-vikram-k-kumar-has-this-chiranjeevi-connection-32705.html|title=Nani's Gang Leader with Vikram K Kumar has THIS Chiranjeevi connection|publisher=[[Filmfare]]|date=26 February 2019|access-date=13 July 2019}}</ref> Produced by [[Mythri Movie Makers]], the film stars [[Nani (actor)|Nani]], [[Priyanka Mohan]], [[Kartikeya Gummakonda|Kartikeya]], [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]], [[Saranya Ponvannan]], Shriya Kontham and Praanya P. Rao.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/nani-vikram-kumar-team-up-for-new-film-gang-leader-watch-video/story-KHizSAZwYchMJYlMJCraDO.html|title=Nani, Vikram Kumar team up for new film Gang Leader, watch video|publisher=The Hindustan Times|date=25 February 2019}}</ref> The music is composed by [[Anirudh Ravichander]].

The film follows five women who, after losing loved ones in a brutal [[Bank robbery|bank heist]], team up with a struggling [[Crime fiction|crime novelist]] to hunt the killer. As secrets unravel, they find healing, justice, and unexpected redemption in their quest for revenge.

The film was released on Thursday, 13 September 2019, after being pushed back from its originally scheduled date of 31 August 2019. It received positive responses from both audiences and critics. The film was a commercial success at the box office. It also marked the last film where Mohan Cherukuri (CVM) was involved with [[Mythri Movie Makers]], and it was Priyanka's Telugu debut.

==Plot==
Six individuals meticulously plan and execute a [[bank robbery]], stealing ₹300 crore. However, greed overtakes loyalty when one among them betrays the others, killing all five partners and vanishing with the entire fortune.

Elsewhere, five women—Saraswati, Varalakshmi, Priya, Swati, and Srinidhi (also called Chinnu), are drawn together by tragedy. Each had lost a loved one during the robbery's violent aftermath. United by Saraswati’s determination, they resolve to seek justice in their own way. Lacking expertise, they turn to "Pencil" Parthasarathy, a self-proclaimed crime novelist notorious for [[Plagiarism|plagiarizing]] foreign films. Initially reluctant, Pencil sees the perfect chance to craft his first truly original story and agrees to help.

Their investigation leads them to Dev, an ambulance driver who miraculously transitioned into an [[Formula One|F1]] racer. Digging deeper, they uncover Dev's dark past: he had murdered his own father for insurance money to buy a superbike. Later, he manipulated five terminally ill [[cancer]] patients into pulling off the heist, persuading them they could leave behind money for their families. But after the robbery, Dev coldly killed them and used the stolen fortune to build his racing career.

Tracking Dev’s hidden stash, the group makes significant progress. However, Dev, sensing danger, identifies Pencil’s involvement and tips off the police. Cleverly outmaneuvering the law, Pencil transfers the stolen money to a secret location. But in a shocking twist, Saraswati deceives Pencil and takes the money herself.

It is then that Saraswati reveals the truth: she wasn’t avenging a grandson, but her husband, a humble bookstore owner near the bank, who was murdered by Dev during the robbery. The boy Saraswati claimed was her grandson was, in fact, an orphan, and one of the terminally ill conspirators. His motive had been pure; he planned to donate his share to the [[orphanage]] where he grew up. Honoring his spirit, Saraswati donates the stolen money to the orphanage, realizing revenge would not bring peace, especially after an emotional breakdown by young Chinnu.

In the story’s climax, Pencil confronts Dev at his garage. In a fierce scuffle, Pencil kills Dev in self-defense and cleverly stages it as a fatal accident. Returning to the women, Pencil learns that they, too, have decided to relinquish their thirst for revenge and move forward with their lives. The story comes full circle when, upon hearing news of Dev's death, Chinnu—who had been traumatized into silence after her father's murder, speaks again for the first time. Pencil and Priya, who had developed a bond through their journey, get married, and Pencil finally fulfills his dream of writing an original novel titled ''Gang Leader'', based on their incredible real-life adventure.

In the final twist, the police close the robbery case, the only clue left behind being a dog collar engraved with the name "Sravani." It is revealed that Sravani was Pencil’s beloved pet, killed during the original robbery. Unknowingly, Pencil had helped avenge his own personal loss, tying all their fates together in an unexpected, poignant way.

== Cast ==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Nani (actor)|Nani]] as "Pencil" Parthasarathy
*[[Kartikeya Gummakonda|Kartikeya]] as Dev
*[[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]] as Saraswathi
*[[Saranya Ponvannan]] as Varalakshmi
*[[Priyanka Mohan]] as Priya
*Shriya Kontham as Swathi (credited as Shriya Reddy)
*Praanya P. Rao as Srinidhi "Chinnu"
*[[Anish Kuruvilla]] as Sub Inspector
*[[Vennela Kishore]] as "Santoor" Senakkayala
*[[Priyadarshi Pulikonda]] as Ramakrishna
*[[Satya (Telugu actor)|Satya]] as Subramanyam, Dev's former colleague
*Vivek Kumar as RTO Officer
*[[Getup Srinu]] as Manikyam
*[[Sukumar (director)|Sukumar]] as himself ([[cameo appearance]])
*[[Anirudh Ravichander]] as himself in the end credit song "Gang-u Leader"
{{colend}}

== Music ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Gang Leader
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Anirudh Ravichander]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2019
| recorded = 2019
| venue =
| studio = Albuquerque Records, Chennai
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| label = [[Sony Music India|Sony Music]]
| producer = Anirudh Ravichander
| prev_title = [[Thumbaa]]
| prev_year = 2019
| next_title = [[Darbar (film)|Darbar]]
| next_year = 2020
}}

The soundtrack of the film is composed by [[Anirudh Ravichander]] and lyrics by [[Anantha Sriram]] and [[Inno Genga]]. The promotional song of Gang Leader title track is reused in [[Dharala Prabhu]].

{{track listing
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| title1 = Ra Ra (Roar of the Revengers)
| lyrics1 = [[Anantha Sriram]]
| extra1 = Prudhvi Chandra, BasherMax
| length1 = 04:05
| title2 = Hoyna Hoyna
| lyrics2 = Anantha Sriram, [[Inno Genga]]
| extra2 = Inno Genga
| length2 = 04:52
| title3 = Ninnu Chuse Anandamlo
| lyrics3 = Anantha Sriram
| extra3 = [[Sid Sriram]]
| length3 = 05:33
| title4 = Seeti Kottaloi (Promotional Song )
| lyrics4 = Anantha Sriram
| extra4 = [[Anirudh Ravichander]]
| length4 = 03:28
| all_writing =
| title5 =
| length5 =
| title6 =
| length6 =
| title7 =
| length7 =
| title8 =
| length8 =
| title9 =
| length9 =
| title10 =
| length10 =
}}{{track listing
| extra_column = Artist(s)
| title9 =
| total_length =
| title1 =
| extra1 =
| length1 =
| title2 =
| extra2 =
| length2 =
| all_writing =
| title10 =
| length9 =
| title7 =
| title8 =
| headline = Bonus Tracks
| length8 =
| length7 =
| length4 =
| length5 = 03:02
| title5 = Katharaayadam Reprise
| title4 =
| length3 =
| title3 =
| length10 =
| extra5 = [[Anirudh Ravichander]]
}}

==Release==
The film was released on 13 September 2019, after being pushed back from previously scheduled release date of 30 August 2019.<ref name=":mr1">{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/MythriOfficial/status/1159716413214322688|title=Mythri Movie Makers |publisher=[[Mythri Movie Makers]] on [[Twitter]] |access-date=9 August 2019}}</ref>

== Reception ==

=== Critical reception ===

''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3 out of 5 stars stating "Nani's Gang Leader tries to tick all the boxes but comes across as a half-hearted attempt, They succeed — but only in parts".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/gang-leader/movie-review/71108833.cms|title=Gang Leader Movie Review : Gang Leader shines in parts but is let down by a haphazard screenplay.|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

''Behindwoods'' gave 3 out of 5 stars stating "Gang Leader is an inventive, wildly entertaining comedy with a great ensemble performance.".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.behindwoods.com/telugu-movies/gang-leader/gang-leader-review.html|title=GANG LEADER MOVIE REVIEW.|website=Behindwoods|date=13 September 2019 }}</ref>

''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave 2.5 out of 5 stars stating "Gang Leader has its moments, thanks to Nani's effortless presence. He keeps the scenes lively and bright. It is not a bad film but that doesn't mean it is outstanding either".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/gang-leader-movie-review-rating-nani-5993529/|title=Gang Leader movie review: A okayish film saved by Nani's performance.|website=[[The Indian Express]]|date=13 September 2019 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{imdbtitle|tt9675464}}
{{Vikram Kumar}}

[[Category:2019 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2019 action comedy films]]
[[Category:2019 films]]
[[Category:Indian action comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian films about revenge]]
[[Category:Films about writers]]
[[Category:Mythri Movie Makers films]]
[[Category:Anirudh Ravichander soundtracks]]

Dear Sathya

2026-03-03T12:09:43Z

StephanieCrowthe: new basic details with sources

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Dear Sathya
| native_name =
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[Shiva Ganesh]]
| writer = Kanishk Varma
| screenplay = [[Prawaal Raman]]
| story =
| producer = Aryan Santosh
| starring = {{unbulleted list|Aryan Santosh|[[Archana Kottige]]|Ashwin Rao Pallakki|[[Aruna Balraj]]|Aravind Rao}}
| cinematography = [[A. Vinod Bharathi|Vinod Bharathi]]
| editing = Suresh Arumugam
| music = [[V. Sridhar|Sridhar V Sambhram]]
| studio =
| distributor = Purple Rock Entertainers, Winterbridge Studios
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2022|03|10|India}}
| runtime = 101 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Dear Sathya''''' is a 2022 Indian Kannada-language film directed by [[Shiva Ganesh]] and produced by Santhosh Kumar.<ref>{{cite news |last=George |first=Nina C |title=Aryan Santhosh turns scriptwriter for 'Dear Sathya' |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/aryan-santhosh-turns-scriptwriter-for-dear-sathya-1092650.html |access-date=27 March 2023 |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |date=18 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

== Plot ==

While tracing the protagonist's path through the hustle and bustle of a busy life and his attempts to realise his goals Sathya tells the untold story of qa common man and the people in his immediate surroundings.

== Cast ==
* Aryan Santosh as Sathya
* [[Archana Kottige]] as Anjali
* Ashwin Rao Pallaki
* [[Aruna Balraj]]
* Aravind Rao

== Release ==
The film was released on 10 March 2022.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dear Sathya release date announced |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2022/feb/09/dear-sathya-release-date-announced-29624.html |access-date=27 March 2023 |work=[[Cinema Express]] |date=9 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Dear Sathya to be released in September in multiple languages |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2021/aug/31/dear-sathya-to-be-released-in-september-in-multiple-languages-26344.html |access-date=27 March 2023 |work=[[Cinema Express]] |date=31 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==
''[[Cinema Express]]'' rated the film 3 stars out of 5 and wrote "However, the director, who has tackled a realistic subject, does get carried away with the commercial elements. With neat performances, the film could have made for a crisp thriller if the repetitive scenes were cut short."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharadhaa |first1=A |title=Dear Sathya Movie Review: Of women's safety and a multitude of emotions |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/review/2022/mar/11/dear-sathya-movie-review-of-womens-safety-and-multitude-of-emotions-30220.html |access-date=27 March 2023 |work=[[Cinema Express]] |date=11 March 2022 |language=en}}{{rating|3|5}}</ref>

Harish Basavarajaiah for ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote "While the filmmaker has tried to create a unique story, there are some questions that remain unanswered even at the end of the film. This is where the film lags a little."<ref>{{cite news |last=Basavarajaiah |first=Harish |title=Dear Sathya Movie Review : This Sathya is in the search of truth |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/dear-sathya/movie-review/90146417.cms |access-date=27 March 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=11 March 2022}}{{rating|3|5}}</ref>

A Sharadhaa from ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' rated the film 3 stars of 5 stars and wrote "Director Shiva Ganesh, who proved his directorial capabilities with the remake of Jigarthanda in Kannada, has done a good job with Dear Sathya. However, the director, who has tackled a realistic subject, does get carried away with the commercial elements."<ref>{{cite news |last=Sharadhaa |first=A |title=Dear Sathya Movie Review{{!}} Of women's safety and multitude of emotions, Sathya searches for truth |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2022/mar/12/dear-sathya-movie-review-of-womens-safety-and-multitude-of-emotions-sathya-searches-for-truth-2429077.html |access-date=27 March 2023 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=12 March 2022}}{{rating|3|5}}</ref>

''OTTPlay'' reviews and wrote " Dear Sathya is based on a story that Santhosh wrote inspired by a real-life incident."<ref>{{cite news |title=Dear Sathya review: Aryann Santhosh tries his best to infuse some life into a predictable story |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/dear-sathya-review-aryann-santhosh-tries-his-best-to-infuse-some-life-into-a-predictable-story/21bccd4911918 |access-date=27 March 2023 |work=OTTPlay |date=10 March 2022 |language=en}}{{rating|2.5|5}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2022 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2022 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Shiva Ganesh]]

Adanga Maru

2026-03-03T03:11:18Z

StephanieCrowthe: revised

{{Short description|2018 Indian Tamil-language film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Adanga Maru.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Karthik Thangavel
| writer = Karthik Thangavel
| studio = Home Movie Makers
| starring = {{unbulleted list
|[[Ravi Mohan]]
|[[Raashii Khanna]]
}}
| music = [[Sam C. S.]]
| distributor = [[Clap Board Production]]
| released = {{Film date|2018|12|21|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| producer = Sujatha Vijaykumar
| editing = [[Ruben (film editor)|Ruben]]
| cinematography = [[Sathyan Sooryan]]
| runtime = 145 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adanga Maru |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/adanga-maru-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc00mdexmjm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250115011512/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/adanga-maru-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc00mdexmjm |archive-date=15 January 2025 |access-date=4 November 2024 |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]]}}</ref>
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}
'''''Adanga Maru''''' ({{translation|Refuse to concede}}) is a 2018 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action thriller film]] written and directed by Karthik Thangavel in his directorial debut. The film stars [[Ravi Mohan]] and [[Raashii Khanna]], with [[Ponvannan]], [[Babu Antony]], [[Sampath Raj]], [[Azhagam Perumal]], Bharath Raj, [[Shabeer Kallarakkal]], [[Munishkanth]], [[Mime Gopi]] and [[Subbu Panchu]] in supporting roles. It revolves around an egoistic cop who resigns from his job and becomes a ruthless vigilante after his family is murdered.

''Adanga Maru'' began production in December 2017 and was almost complete by May 2018. The music was composed by [[Sam C. S.|Sam C. S]]., with cinematography by [[Sathyan Sooryan]] and editing by [[Ruben (film editor)|Ruben]]. The film was released on 21 December 2018 to positive reviews from critics and became a commercial success.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 January 2019 |title=Adanga Maru's success proves that presentation matters more than the story: Jayam Ravi |url=https://m.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/jan/03/adanga-marus-success-proves-that-presentation-matters-more-than-the-story-jayam-ravi-9491.amp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304081611/https://m.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/jan/03/adanga-marus-success-proves-that-presentation-matters-more-than-the-story-jayam-ravi-9491.amp |archive-date=4 March 2022 |access-date=4 March 2022 |work=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Subhash is a honest, newly appointed [[sub-inspector|SI]] in [[Chennai]]. He is sympathetic to the public's suffering and tries to improve their lives, but he hates dishonest, corrupt and arrogant people. These efforts sometimes conflict with the law and cause Subhash trouble with his superior, [[Inspector]] Muthukaruppan. One day, during a night patrol, Subhash argues with the [[Chief minister (India)|Chief Minister's]] son when he refuses to park his car at the checking place, and the Chief Minister's son shows his arrogance before trying to attack Subash. SI Chandran, Subash's supporter, intervenes in the argument and apologises to the Chief Minister's son on Subash's behalf, which enrages Subhash. As a consequence, Subash assaults the Chief Minister's son and his friends at a bar, without leaving any evidence.

Called to investigate a girl's suspected suicide, Subhash deduces that she was murdered and gathers evidence. He confronts Abhijith, a boy whose mobile phone was active near the crime scene, as well as Abhijith's friends, Christy, Bhuvanesh, and Deepak. The boys reveal that they are spoilt brats from affluent families and they had committed the [[rape]] and murder of several other girls, avoiding the consequences due to their parents' privilege. Abhijith is the son of a prominent [[Media proprietor|media mogul]], Sanjay, while Bhuvanesh is the son of the [[District Collector]] Gnanasekharan of [[Chennai|Chennai city]]. Christy is the son of a [[Gold dealer|gold merchant]] Francis, and Deepak is the son of a [[scientist]]. The boys show Subhash a video of them assaulting the girl, and he becomes enraged and arrests them.

Corrupt [[joint commissioner of police|JCP]] Saarangan asks Subhash for proof of the crimes, but the videos have been deleted, and the boys are released while Subhash is suspended from duty. The boys vow revenge, and Subhash returns home to discover his extended family has been murdered, except for one niece. Saarangan, who has been bribed with a [[Porsche Cayenne|Porsche Cayenne Car]], declares that the deaths resulted from an accidental fire. Subhash resigns, defiantly telling Saarangan that he will avenge his family by ensuring that the four boys die at the hands of their fathers. Bhuvan is kidnapped by Subhash and locked in a car [[booby trap]]ped with inflammable [[silane]] gas. His father opens the car door and witnesses Bhuvan burn alive in front of him.

Subhash then kidnaps Deepak and Christy and hides them. The corrupt police try to detain Subash secretly, but he triggers Muthukaruppan's pistol, which attracts public attention and forces them to arrest him officially. While in custody, Subhash reveals to Christy's father that Christy is in a van at the airport. The father finds Christy and tells him to run to the police for help, but Subhash had placed an illegal firearm in Christy's bag along with a beeping device. The [[National Security Guard|National Security Guards]] mistake Christy for a terrorist and fatally shoot him. With technical help from Subhash's friend, Deepak's crimes are exposed on the Internet, and a live video feed shows him inside a glass tank.

The public is allowed to release chemicals remotely, which will result in Deepak's death. Deepak's father hires [[hacker|hackers]] to stop this. Deepak is located, and when his father breaks open the glass to release him, the chemicals are combined and Deepak is killed. In the meantime, Subhash warns Saarangan to check on his teenage daughter's safety. Saarangan panics but is relieved when he finds her to be safe. Saarangan realises his hypocrisy and changes his corrupt mind and decides to support Subhash to fight for justice for the victims of the boys. Abhijit's father, Sanjay, has Subhash released from custody, intending to make a deal.

Subhash kidnaps Abhijit and dangles him from a rope at a great height; he threatens to publicise the recovered video evidence of the boys' crimes, thereby ruining Sanjay and his reputation. Sanjay is given a chance to prevent this by shutting down a computer, but he would have to let go of the rope. Sanjay does so, and lets his son fall to his death to preserve his reputation. One year later, Subhash has now cleared the Civil Services Exam and has become an [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] officer, and continues to [[Vigilantism|murder unconvictable lawbreakers to serve justice]].

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[Ravi Mohan]] as [[Deputy Inspector General of Police|DIG]] Subash
*[[Raashii Khanna]] as Anitha, Subash's fiance ([[Voice-over|Voice dubbed]] by [[Raveena Ravi]])
*[[Babu Antony]] as Sanjay, Abhijit's father
*[[Sampath Raj]] as J. C. P. Saarangan
*[[Ramdoss]] as Constable Ramadass
*[[Ponvannan]] as Subash's father
*[[Azhagam Perumal]] as Sub-inspector Chandran
*[[Mime Gopi]] as Inspector Muthukarauppan
*Bharath Raj as Abhijit Sanjay
*Vijay Victor as Deepak
*Raja Rudrakodi as Christy Francis
*[[Shabeer Kallarakkal]] as Bhuvanesh (Bhuvan) Gnanasekharan
*[[Sriranjani (Tamil actress)|Sriranjani]] as Subash's mother
*[[Subbu Panchu]] as Subash's brother
*[[Meera Vasudevan]] as Subash's sister-in-law
*Gajaraj as Gnanasekharan IAS Bhuvan's father, Corrupt district collector
*Mathew Varghese as Francis, Christy's father
*Nithin Mehta as Deepak's father, a scientist
*Karthik Thangavel as Chief Minister's son
*Delhi as Anusha
*Dishi as Vinusha
*Muthukumar as Parvathi's father
*[[Chaams]] as Drunkard
*Gopi Gpr as Cybercrime Officer
*Aparajitha as Saarangan's daughter
*Sai Tamil as Henchman
*Aathma Patrick as Henchman
*[[Shamna Kasim|Poorna]] as Subash's lawyer (guest appearance)<ref name="indiatimes">{{Cite news |last=CR |first=Sharanya |date=8 August 2018 |title=Poorna is a lawyer in Adanga Maru |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/poorna-is-a-lawyer-in-adanga-maru/articleshow/65307050.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521140020/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/poorna-is-a-lawyer-in-adanga-maru/articleshow/65307050.cms |archive-date=21 May 2021 |access-date=28 February 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref>
*RJ Sindhu (special appearance in the song "Anangu Vaangu")
*VJ Syed (special appearance in the song "Anangu Vaangu")
}}
* Anand Joy as Subash's Hacker Friend, Anitha's Well-wisher in Bengaluru.

== Production ==
In December 2017, [[Ravi Mohan]] announced on social media that his 23rd film would be an action-thriller titled ''Adanga Maru'' by first-time director Karthik Thangavel. Filming began the same day.<ref name="firstpost">{{Cite web |date=14 December 2017 |title=Adanga Maru: Jayam Ravi announces title of his next film, will go on floors on 14 December |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/adanga-maru-jayam-ravi-announces-title-of-his-next-film-will-go-on-floors-on-14-december-4257997.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101020917/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/adanga-maru-jayam-ravi-announces-title-of-his-next-film-will-go-on-floors-on-14-december-4257997.html |archive-date=1 November 2018 |access-date=31 October 2018 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref> [[Raashii Khanna]] was announced as the female lead, this being her second Tamil film after ''[[Imaikkaa Nodigal]]'' (2018). Stunt choreographer Stun Siva's son, Kevin Kumar, made his debut as a stunt choreographer in this film.<ref name="indiatimes2">{{Cite news |last=Lakshmi |first=V |date=28 July 2018 |title=Stun Siva's son gets his own fight sequence |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/stun-sivas-son-gets-his-own-fight-sequence/articleshow/65164764.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101025405/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/stun-sivas-son-gets-his-own-fight-sequence/articleshow/65164764.cms |archive-date=1 November 2018 |access-date=31 October 2018 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Filming was almost completed in May 2018.<ref name="indiatimes3">{{Cite news |date=21 May 2018 |title=Jayam Ravi's 'Adanga Maru' is almost complete |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/jayam-ravis-adanga-maru-is-almost-complete/articleshow/64260440.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110135400/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/jayam-ravis-adanga-maru-is-almost-complete/articleshow/64260440.cms |archive-date=10 January 2020 |access-date=31 October 2018 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by [[Sam C. S.]]<ref name="saavn">{{Cite web |date=6 October 2018 |title=Adanga Maru |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/adanga-maru/SEe-AFCXq9Y_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230727100121/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/adanga-maru/SEe-AFCXq9Y_ |archive-date=27 July 2023 |access-date=16 January 2024 |website=[[JioSaavn]]}}</ref> The audio rights were acquired by [[Sony Music India|Sony Music]] in August 2018.{{Cn|date=January 2025}} The first single "Aangu Vangu" was released on 10 September 2018.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=10 September 2018 |title=Jayam Ravi treats fans to Adanga Maru song on his birthday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/jayam-ravi-treats-fans-to-adanga-maru-song-on-his-birthday-1336379-2018-09-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250517092629/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/jayam-ravi-treats-fans-to-adanga-maru-song-on-his-birthday-1336379-2018-09-10 |archive-date=17 May 2025 |access-date=15 January 2025 |magazine=[[India Today]]}}</ref> The complete album was released on 6 October 2018.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1048445271284142080 |user=SonyMusicSouth |title=The songs of @actor_jayamravi’s #AdangaMaru by @SamCSmusic are here! Listen to them now ➡️ https://youtu.be/h79e98tJCrE |author=Sony Music South India |author-link=Sony Music India |access-date=17 January 2025 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250115043945/https://x.com/SonyMusicSouth/status/1048445271284142080 |archive-date=15 January 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Infobox album
| name = Adanga Maru
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Sam C. S.]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2018
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Tamil
| length = 17:34
| language = Tamil
| label = [[Sony Music India|Sony Music]]
| producer = Sam C. S.
| prev_title = [[NOTA (film)|NOTA]]
| prev_year = 2018
| next_title = [[Ispade Rajavum Idhaya Raniyum]]
| next_year = 2019
}}
{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singers
| title1 = Aangu Vaangu
| extra1 = [[Sam C. S.]], [[Mukesh Mohamed]], M. L. R. Karthikeyan
| length1 = 4:26
| title2 = Saayaali
| extra2 = Sathyaprakash Dharmar, [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]]
| length2 = 5:15
| title3 = Pachai Dhrogangal
| extra3 = [[Haricharan]]
| length3 = 3:46
| title4 = Kaar Irul
| extra4 = Sivam
| length4 = 3:07
| total_length = 17:34
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Adanga Maru'' was released on 21 December 2018.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 December 2018 |title='Adanga Maru is a film born out of the necessity of the hour': Actor 'Jayam' Ravi |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/adanga-maru-film-born-out-necessity-hour-actor-jayam-ravi-93536 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316193258/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/adanga-maru-film-born-out-necessity-hour-actor-jayam-ravi-93536 |archive-date=16 March 2022 |access-date=16 March 2022 |work=[[The News Minute]] |language=en}}</ref> Thinkal Menon of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated it 3 out of 5, saying, "''Adanga Maru'' has a routine plot, but the treatment makes it fast-paced and interesting."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Menon |first=Thinkal |date=21 December 2018 |title=Adanga Maru Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/adanga-maru/movie-review/67181071.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221104746/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/adanga-maru/movie-review/67181071.cms |archive-date=21 December 2018 |access-date=21 December 2018 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Srinivasan Ramanujam of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "thanks to its speedy screenplay, Adanga Maru finishes as a fairly engaging watch."<ref name="hi">{{Cite news |last=Ramanujam |first=Srinivasa |date=21 December 2018 |title='Adanga Maru' review: An engaging revenge drama |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/adanga-maru-review-an-engaging-revenge-drama/article25799378.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309152304/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/adanga-maru-review-an-engaging-revenge-drama/article25799378.ece |archive-date=9 March 2022 |access-date=24 March 2019 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Janani K of ''[[India Today]]'' wrote, "Debutant director Karthik Thangavel's ''Adanga Maru'' starring Jayam Ravi could have been a flawless cop thriller, but it misses the mark by a few inches."<ref>{{Cite news |last=K |first=Janani |date=21 December 2018 |title=Adanga Maru Movie Review: Jayam Ravi has a message in this intense thriller |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/adanga-maru-movie-review-jayam-ravi-has-a-message-in-this-intense-thriller-1414167-2018-12-21 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407121945/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/adanga-maru-movie-review-jayam-ravi-has-a-message-in-this-intense-thriller-1414167-2018-12-21 |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=28 February 2021 |work=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> Antara Chakraborthy of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote, "A more nuanced, well thought-out storyline with better [[Computer-generated imagery|CGI]] could have definitely elevated the revenge saga. Adanga Maru is strictly a one-time watch".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chakraborthy |first=Antara |date=21 December 2018 |title=Adanga Maru movie review: Jayam Ravi is convincing in the engaging cop drama |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/adanga-maru-movie-review-jayam-ravi-convincing-engaging-cop-drama-5504566/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416154021/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/adanga-maru-movie-review-jayam-ravi-convincing-engaging-cop-drama-5504566/ |archive-date=16 April 2021 |access-date=28 February 2021 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2018 Indian films]]
[[Category:2010s police films]]
[[Category:2018 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2010s vigilante films]]
[[Category:2018 action thriller films]]
[[Category:2018 crime action films]]
[[Category:2018 crime thriller films]]
[[Category:2018 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2018 films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Tamil Nadu Police]]
[[Category:Films about rape in India]]
[[Category:Films scored by Sam C. S.]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian crime action films]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian films about revenge]]
[[Category:Indian police films]]
[[Category:Indian rape and revenge films]]
[[Category:Indian vigilante films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language action thriller films]]

Flag of Hong Kong

2026-03-02T00:47:02Z

StephanieCrowthe: small edit

{{Short description|none}}
{{featured article}}
{{Use Hong Kong English|date=May 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox flag
| Name = Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
| Article =
| Image = Flag of Hong Kong.svg
| Nickname =
| Morenicks =
| Use = 110110
| Symbol = {{FIAV|110110}} {{FIAV|normal}} {{FIAV|Mirror}}
| Proportion = 2:3
| Adoption = Approved on 4 April 1990 by the [[National People's Congress]]; first flown on {{Start date and age|1997|7|1|df=y}}
| Design = A stylised, white, five-petal ''[[Bauhinia × blakeana|Bauhinia]]'' flower in the centre of a red field
| Designer = [[Tao Ho]]
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
| title = Regional flag of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
| t = 中華人民共和國香港特別行政區區旗
| s = 中华人民共和国香港特别行政区区旗
| p = Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Xiānggǎng Tèbié Xíngzhèngqū Qūqí
| j = {{tonesup|Zung1waa4 Jan4man4 Gung6wo4gwok3 Hoeng1gong2 Dak6bit6 Hang4zing3 Keoi1 Keoi1kei4}}
| y = Jūngwàh Yàhnmàhn Guhngwòhgwok Hēunggóng Dahkbiht Hàhngjing Kēui Kēuikèih
}}

The '''Regional Flag of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China''' depicts a white stylised five-petal Hong Kong orchid tree (''[[Bauhinia × blakeana]]'') flower in the centre of a [[Chinese red]] field. Its design is enshrined in [[Hong Kong Basic Law]], the territory's constitutional document,<ref name="BasicLaw">{{cite web |title=Basic Law Full Text |url=http://www.basiclaw.gov.hk/text/en/basiclawtext/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206083051/http://www.basiclaw.gov.hk/text/en/basiclawtext/ |archive-date=6 December 2008 |access-date=20 March 2009 |publisher=[[Hong Kong Special Administrative Region]]}}</ref> and regulations regarding its use, prohibition of use, [[Flag desecration|desecration]], and manufacture are stated in the Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance.<ref name="RegionalFlagEmblemOrdinance">{{cite web |date=1 July 1997 |title=Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance |url=http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_pdf.nsf/6799165D2FEE3FA94825755E0033E532/3BFC613075A2E042482575EF00297CF2/$FILE/CAP_2602_e_b5.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108205159/http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_pdf.nsf/6799165D2FEE3FA94825755E0033E532/3BFC613075A2E042482575EF00297CF2/$FILE/CAP_2602_e_b5.pdf |archive-date=8 January 2011 |access-date=25 July 2009 |publisher=Bilingual Laws Information System}}</ref>

The original design of the flag of [[Hong Kong]] was unveiled on 4 April 1990 at the Third Session of the [[Seventh National People's Congress]].<ref>{{cite web |title=State Council Gazette Issue No.7 Serial No. 616 (May 26, 1990) |url=http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1990/gwyb199007.pdf#page=34 |website=www.gov.cn |access-date=4 January 2021 |archive-date=28 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728175131/http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1990/gwyb199007.pdf#page=34 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="BasicLawAdoption">{{cite web |url = http://www.basiclaw.gov.hk/en/basiclawtext/attached_2.html |title = Decision of the National People's Congress on the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administration Region of the People's Republic of China |publisher = [[Government of Hong Kong]] |date = 4 April 1990 |access-date = 1 November 2009 |archive-date = 2 December 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131202230813/http://www.basiclaw.gov.hk/en/basiclawtext/attached_2.html }}</ref> The current design was approved on 10 August 1996 at the Fourth Plenum of the [[Preparatory Committee for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region|Preparatory Committee of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance |url=https://www.elegislation.gov.hk/hk/A602 |website=Hong Kong e-Legislation |access-date=4 January 2021}}</ref> The use of the flag is regulated by laws passed by the 58th executive meeting of the [[State Council of the People's Republic of China|State Council]] held in [[Beijing]].<ref name="LawsAndRegulations">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E1fGcasW4hEC&pg=PT252 |title = Laws and Regulations of the People's Republic of China |page=iv |publisher=[[China Legal Publishing House]]|year=2001|isbn=7-80083-759-9}}</ref> The flag was officially adopted and hoisted on 1 July 1997, during the [[Hong Kong handover ceremony|handover ceremony]] marking the [[Handover of Hong Kong|handover]] from the United Kingdom back to China.<ref name="HandoverCeremony">{{cite magazine |author=Jeffrey Aaronson |title=Schedule of Events |url=http://www.time.com/time/hongkong/life/lifeschedule.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091005020342/http://www.time.com/time/hongkong/life/lifeschedule.html  |archive-date=5 October 2009 |access-date=1 November 2009 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref>

A variant of the flag known as the [[Black Bauhinia flag|Black Bauhinia]] has been used by [[Hong Kong–Mainland China conflict|anti-Chinese]] government protesters in Hong Kong, particularly during the [[2019–2020 Hong Kong protests]]. In contrast of the protests, pro-government supporters often display the [[Flag of China|Chinese]] and Hong Kong flags.<ref name="CNN Holland">{{cite news |last1=Holland |first1=Oscar |date=6 July 2019 |title=Designed as a symbol of unity, Hong Kong's flag becomes the focus of protest |url=https://www.cnn.com/style/article/hong-kong-flag-design-protest/index.html |access-date=10 May 2020 |work=CNN |language=en |archive-date=23 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200423074738/https://www.cnn.com/style/article/hong-kong-flag-design-protest/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Current design==

===Symbolism===
[[File:Flag of Hong Kong (1990).svg|thumb|right|{{FIAV|Proposal}} Original design of the regional flag of Hong Kong revealed in 1990 by the National People Congress]]

The [[vexillography|design of the flag]] comes with cultural, political, and regional meanings. The colour itself is significant; red is a festive colour for the [[Chinese people]], used to convey a sense of celebration and nationalism.<ref name="reflection">{{cite web |url = http://info.news365.com.cn/was40/detail?record=270&channelid=26700&searchword=%BB%F9%B1%BE%B7%A8 |script-title=zh:忆香港区旗区徽的诞生（上） |trans-title=Reflecting on the Creation of the Hong Kong SAR Flag and Emblem – Part 1 |publisher=Wenhui-xinmin United Press Group|date=24 May 2007|access-date=20 March 2009|language=zh-Hans-CN}} {{dead link|date=March 2012 |bot=H3llBot}} and {{cite web|url=http://info.news365.com.cn/was40/detail?record=268&channelid=26700&searchword=%BB%F9%B1%BE%B7%A8 |script-title=zh:忆香港区旗区徽的诞生（下） |trans-title=Reflecting on the Creation of the Hong Kong SAR Flag and Emblem – Part 2 |publisher=Wenhui-xinmin United Press Group|date=25 May 2007|access-date=20 March 2009|language=zh}} {{dead link|date=March 2012|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> Moreover, the red colour is identical to that used in the [[Flag of China|national flag of the People's Republic of China]],<ref name="CAP2602-Sched1">(Schedule 1 of the Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance) {{cite web |url = https://www.elegislation.gov.hk/hk/A602!en?xpid=ID_1438403584267_001 |title=Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance |publisher=Hong Kong e-Legislation |date=1 July 1997 |access-date=26 January 2022}}</ref> chosen to signify the link re-established between post-colonial Hong Kong and [[mainland China]]. The position of red and white on the flag symbolises the "[[one country two systems|one country, two systems]]" political principle applied to the region. The stylised rendering of the ''[[Bauhinia × blakeana]]'' flower, a flower discovered in Hong Kong, is meant to serve as a harmonising symbol for this dichotomy.<ref name="reflection" /> The five stars of the Chinese national flag are replicated on the petals of the flower. The Chinese name of ''[[Bauhinia × blakeana]]'' is most commonly rendered as {{zhp|c=洋紫荊|p=yángzǐjīng}}, but is often shortened to {{zhp|c=紫荊/紫荆|p=zǐjīng}} in official uses since {{zhp|c=洋|p=yáng}} means "foreign" in Chinese, notwithstanding that the shortened name refers to another genus, ''[[Cercis]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=張雅婷 |date=2017-06-24 |title=【回歸20載】洋紫荊被去洋化變紫荊花學者：兩品種極大分別 |url=https://www.hk01.com/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E/97709/%E5%9B%9E%E6%AD%B820%E8%BC%89-%E6%B4%8B%E7%B4%AB%E8%8D%8A%E8%A2%AB%E5%8E%BB%E6%B4%8B%E5%8C%96%E8%AE%8A%E7%B4%AB%E8%8D%8A%E8%8A%B1-%E5%AD%B8%E8%80%85-%E5%85%A9%E5%93%81%E7%A8%AE%E6%A5%B5%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E5%88%A5 |access-date=2025-02-18 |website=香港01 |language=zh-HK |archive-date=23 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323140257/https://www.hk01.com/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E/97709/%E5%9B%9E%E6%AD%B820%E8%BC%89-%E6%B4%8B%E7%B4%AB%E8%8D%8A%E8%A2%AB%E5%8E%BB%E6%B4%8B%E5%8C%96%E8%AE%8A%E7%B4%AB%E8%8D%8A%E8%8A%B1-%E5%AD%B8%E8%80%85-%E5%85%A9%E5%93%81%E7%A8%AE%E6%A5%B5%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E5%88%A5 |url-status=live }}</ref> A sculpture of the plant has been erected in [[Golden Bauhinia Square]] in Hong Kong.<ref>{{Cite web |title=金紫荊廣場 |publisher=香港旅遊發展局 |url=https://www.discoverhongkong.com/tc/interactive-map/golden-bauhinia-square.html |access-date=2025-02-18 |website=Discover Hong Kong |language=zh-hk |archive-date=20 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250220011925/https://www.discoverhongkong.com/tc/interactive-map/golden-bauhinia-square.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Before the adoption of the flag, [[Ji Pengfei]], the Chairman of the [[Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee]] explained the significance of the flag's design to the National People's Congress:

{{cquote
|The regional flag carries a design of five bauhinia petals, each with a star in the middle, on a red background. The red flag represents the motherland and the bauhinia represents Hong Kong. The design implies that Hong Kong is an inalienable part of China and prospers in the embrace of the motherland. The five stars on the flower symbolise the fact that all Hong Kong compatriots love their motherland, while the red and white colours embody the principle of "one country, two systems".<ref name="symbolism">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BmCFznufJ54C&pg=PA582|title=International Law Reports|volume=122|year=2002|page=582 |author=Elihu Lauterpacht |author2=C. J. Greenwood |author3=A. G. Oppenheimer |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] | isbn=978-0-521-80775-3}}</ref>
}}

===Construction===
[[File:GB16689-2004.pdf|thumb|page=6|National Standard of the regional flag]]

The [[Hong Kong government]] has specified sizes, colours, and manufacturing parameters in which the flag is to be made. The ratio of its length to breadth is 3:2. In its centre is a five-petal stylised rendering of a white ''[[Bauhinia × blakeana]]'' flower. If a circle was to circumscribe the flower, it would have a diameter 0.6 times the entire height of the flag. The petals are uniformly spread around the centre point of the flag, radiating outward and turning in a clockwise direction. Each of the flower's petals bears a five-pointed [[red star]] with a red trace, suggestive of a flower [[stamen]]. The heading that is used to allow a flag to be slid or raised onto a pole is white.<ref name="CAP2602-Sched1" />

A slightly different geometrical description of the flag is specified in the mandatory National Standard "GB 16689-2004: Regional flag of Hong Kong special administrative region".{{efn|The offset angle of the top petal is 14° as opposed to 13°48'.}}

[[File:HKSARFlagConstructionSheet.svg|thumb|500px|center|Construction sheet for the Hong Kong flag according to the ''Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance'' (The angle is 14° in GB 16689-2004)]]

===Size specifications===
This table lists all the official sizes for the flag. Sizes deviating from this list are considered non-standard. If a flag is not of official size, it must be a scaled-down or scaled-up version of one of the official sizes.<ref name="CAP2602-Sched1" />

{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Size
! Length and width (cm)
|-
| 1
| 288 × 192
|-
| 2
| 240 × 160
|-
| 3
| 192 × 128
|-
| 4
| 144 × 96
|-
| 5
| 96 × 64
|-
| Car flag
| 30 × 20
|-
| Flag for signing ceremonies
| 21 × 14
|-
| Desktop flag
| 15 × 10
|}

===Colour specifications===
{{See also|Flag of China#Colors}}

The Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance stipulates that "The regional flag is in red, the chrominance value of which is identical with that of the national flag of the People's Republic of China," and that the emblem is white.<ref name="CAP2602-Sched1" />

===Manufacture regulations===
The Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance stipulates that the Hong Kong flag must be manufactured according to specifications laid out in the ordinance. If flags are not produced in design according to the ordinance, the [[Secretary for Justice]] may petition the [[District Court (Hong Kong)|District Court]] for an injunction to prohibit the person or company from manufacturing the flags. If the District Court agrees that the flags are not in compliance, it may issue an injunction and order that the flags and the materials that were used to make the flags to be seized by the government.<ref name="CAP2602-Sched5">(Schedule 5 of the Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance) {{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_pdf.nsf/6799165D2FEE3FA94825755E0033E532/3BFC613075A2E042482575EF00297CF2/$FILE/CAP_2602_e_b5.pdf|title=Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance|publisher=Bilingual Laws Information System|date=1 July 1997|access-date=25 July 2009|archive-date=8 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108205159/http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_pdf.nsf/6799165D2FEE3FA94825755E0033E532/3BFC613075A2E042482575EF00297CF2/$FILE/CAP_2602_e_b5.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Protocol==
The Hong Kong flag is flown daily from the [[Chief Executive of Hong Kong|chief executive]]'s official residence ([[Government House, Hong Kong|Government House]]), at the [[Hong Kong International Airport]], and at all border crossings and points of entry into Hong Kong.<ref name="StipulationsForDisplay">{{cite web|url=http://www.protocol.gov.hk/flags/eng/doc/stipulations_e.pdf|title=Stipulations for the Display and Use of The National Flag and National Emblem and The Regional Flag and Regional Emblem|publisher=Protocol Division Government Secretariat of the Hong Kong SAR|access-date=1 November 2009|archive-date=11 April 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090411011104/http://www.protocol.gov.hk/flags/eng/doc/stipulations_e.pdf}}</ref> At major government offices and buildings, such as the Office of the Chief Executive, the [[Executive Council of Hong Kong|Executive Council]], the [[Court of Final Appeal (Hong Kong)|Court of Final Appeal]], the [[High Court (Hong Kong)|High Court]], the [[Legislative Council of Hong Kong|Legislative Council]], and the [[Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office]]s overseas, the flag is displayed during days when these offices are working. Other government offices and buildings, such as hospitals, schools, departmental headquarters, sports grounds, and cultural venues, should fly the flag on occasions such as the [[National Day of the People's Republic of China]] (1 October), the [[Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Establishment Day]] (1 July), and New Year's Day.<ref name="StipulationsForDisplay" /> The flag should be raised at 8:00 a.m. and lowered at 6:00 p.m. The raising and lowering of the flag should be done slowly; it must reach the peak of the flagstaff when raised, and it may not touch the ground when lowered. The flag may not be raised in severe weather conditions.<ref name="DisplayEmblemsFlags">{{cite web|url=http://www.protocol.gov.hk/flags/eng/show/index.html|title=Display of the Flags and Emblems|publisher=Protocol Division Government Secretariat of the Hong Kong SAR|date=6 September 2005|access-date=21 March 2009|archive-date=25 February 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225124620/http://www.protocol.gov.hk/flags/eng/show/index.html}}</ref> A Hong Kong flag that is either damaged, defaced, faded or substandard must not be displayed or used.<ref name="CAP2602-Sched4">(Schedule 4 of the Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance) {{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_pdf.nsf/6799165D2FEE3FA94825755E0033E532/3BFC613075A2E042482575EF00297CF2/$FILE/CAP_2602_e_b5.pdf|title=Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance|publisher=Bilingual Laws Information System|date=1 July 1997|access-date=25 July 2009|archive-date=8 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108205159/http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_pdf.nsf/6799165D2FEE3FA94825755E0033E532/3BFC613075A2E042482575EF00297CF2/$FILE/CAP_2602_e_b5.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Display===
Whenever the Chinese national flag is flown together with the Hong Kong regional flag, the national flag must be [[Flag protocol#General guidelines|flown at the centre]], above the regional flag, or otherwise in a more prominent position than that of the regional flag. The regional flag must be smaller in size than the national flag, and it must be displayed to the left of the national flag. When the flags are displayed inside a building, the left and right sides of a person looking at the flags, and with his or her back toward the wall, are used as reference points for the left and right sides of a flag. When the flags are displayed outside a building, the left and right sides of a person standing in front of the building and looking towards the front entrance are used as reference points for the left and right sides of a flag. The national flag should be raised before the regional flag is raised, and it should be lowered after the regional flag is lowered.<ref name="DisplayEmblemsFlags" />

{{gallery|mode=nolines|whitebg=y|height=200|align=center
|Flag flying protocol of Hong Kong SAR and PRC.svg|Protocol examples. Note how the national flag is bigger than the regional flag in both examples.
|Flagofhk.JPG|The flag of Hong Kong flying beside the flag of China
|HKChinaFlags.jpg|The Hong Kong flag and the Chinese flag flown side by side at the patio of the [[Old Supreme Court Building, Hong Kong|Court of Final Appeal]]
}}

====Half-mast====
[[File:Flag of Hong Kong on flagpole at half mast.svg|thumb|upright|An illustration of the Hong Kong flag at half-mast]]
[[File:Flags at half-staff in GBS.jpg|thumb|upright|The Hong Kong and Chinese flags at half-mast to mourn victims killed in the [[2008 Sichuan earthquake]]]]

The Hong Kong flag must be lowered to [[half-mast]] as a token of mourning when any of the following people die:<ref name="CAP2602-Sched4" />

* [[President of China|President of the People's Republic of China]]
* [[Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress]]
* [[Premier of China|Premier of the State Council]]
* [[Chairman of the Central Military Commission (China)|Chairman of the Central Military Commission]]
* [[Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference|Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference]]
* Persons who have made outstanding contributions to the People's Republic of China as the [[Central People's Government]] advises the Chief Executive.
* Persons who have made outstanding contributions to world peace or the cause of human progress as the Central People's Government advises the Chief Executive.
* Persons whom the Chief Executive considers to have made outstanding contributions to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region or for whom they consider it appropriate to fly the flag at half-mast.

The flag may also be flown at half-mast when the Central People's Government advises the Chief Executive to do so, or when the Chief Executive considers it appropriate to do so, on occurrences of unfortunate events causing especially serious casualties, or when serious natural calamities have caused heavy casualties.<ref name="CAP2602-Sched4" /> When raising a flag to be flown at half-mast, it should first be raised to the top of the pole and then lowered to a point where the distance between the top of the flag and the top of the pole is one third of the length of the pole. When lowering the flag from half-mast, it should first be raised to the peak of the pole before it is lowered.<ref name="DisplayEmblemsFlags" />

===Prohibition of use and desecration===
The Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance states what manner of use of the Hong Kong flag is prohibited and that desecration of the flag is prohibited. It also states that it is a punishable offence for a person to use the flag in a prohibited manner or to desecrate the flag. According to the ordinance, a flag may not be used in advertisements or trademarks,<ref name="CAP2602-S6">(Section 6 of the Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance) {{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_pdf.nsf/6799165D2FEE3FA94825755E0033E532/3BFC613075A2E042482575EF00297CF2/$FILE/CAP_2602_e_b5.pdf|title=Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance|publisher=Bilingual Laws Information System|date=1 July 1997|access-date=25 July 2009|archive-date=8 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108205159/http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_pdf.nsf/6799165D2FEE3FA94825755E0033E532/3BFC613075A2E042482575EF00297CF2/$FILE/CAP_2602_e_b5.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> and that "publicly and wilfully burning, mutilating, scrawling on, defiling or trampling" the flag is considered flag desecration.<ref name="CAP2602-S7">(Section 7 of the Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance) {{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_pdf.nsf/6799165D2FEE3FA94825755E0033E532/3BFC613075A2E042482575EF00297CF2/$FILE/CAP_2602_e_b5.pdf|title=Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance|publisher=Bilingual Laws Information System|date=1 July 1997|access-date=25 July 2009|archive-date=8 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108205159/http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_pdf.nsf/6799165D2FEE3FA94825755E0033E532/3BFC613075A2E042482575EF00297CF2/$FILE/CAP_2602_e_b5.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Similarly, the National Flag and National Emblem Ordinance extends the same prohibition toward the Chinese flag.<ref name="CAP2401-S6">{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_ind.nsf/d2769881999f47b3482564840019d2f9/42b5e32c0dc3daf24825650a0024f15e?OpenDocument|title=CAP 2401, Section 6 – Prohibition on certain uses of national flag and national emblem|publisher=Bilingual Laws Information System|date=1 July 1997|access-date=25 July 2009|archive-date=8 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108205909/http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_ind.nsf/d2769881999f47b3482564840019d2f9/42b5e32c0dc3daf24825650a0024f15e?OpenDocument|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="CAP2401-S7">{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_ind.nsf/D2769881999F47B3482564840019D2F9/DEDB4F3439C677DE4825650A00250E2D?OpenDocument|title=CAP 2401, Section 7 – Protection of the national flag and national emblem|publisher=Bilingual Laws Information System|date=1 July 1997|access-date=25 July 2009|archive-date=8 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108205640/http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_ind.nsf/D2769881999F47B3482564840019D2F9/DEDB4F3439C677DE4825650A00250E2D?OpenDocument|url-status=live}}</ref> The ordinances also allow for the Chief Executive to make stipulations regarding the use of the flag. In stipulations made in 1997, the Chief Executive further specified that the use of the flag in "any trade, calling or profession, or the logo, seal or badge of any non-governmental organisation" is also prohibited unless prior permission was obtained.<ref name="StipulationsForDisplay" />

====Incidents====
The first conviction of flag desecration occurred in 1999. Protesters Ng Kung-siu and Lee Kin-yun wrote the word "shame" on both the Chinese flag and the Hong Kong flag. They were convicted of violating the National Flag and National Emblem Ordinance and the Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance. The [[Court of Appeal (Hong Kong)|Court of Appeal]] overturned the verdict, ruling that the ordinances constituted unnecessary restrictions on [[freedom of expression]] and violated both the Basic Law and the [[International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights]]. Upon further appeal, however, the [[Court of Final Appeal (Hong Kong)|Court of Final Appeal]] maintained the original guilty verdict, holding that this restriction on the freedom of expression was justifiable in that the protection of the flags played a role in national unity and territorial integrity and constituted a restriction on the mode of expressing one's message but did not interfere with one's freedom to express the same message in other ways.<ref name="FACC000004/1999">{{cite web|url=http://legalref.judiciary.gov.hk/lrs/common/ju/ju_frame.jsp?DIS=18937|title=Final Appeal No. 4 of 1999 (criminal)|publisher=[[Court of Final Appeal (Hong Kong)|Court of Final Appeal]]|date=15 December 1999|access-date=25 July 2009|archive-date=19 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719025452/http://legalref.judiciary.gov.hk/lrs/common/ju/ju_frame.jsp?DIS=18937|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Leung Kwok-hung]], a former member of the Legislative Council and a political activist in Hong Kong, was penalised in February 2001, before he became a member of the Legislative Council, for defiling the flag. He was convicted of three counts of desecrating the flag—for two incidents on 1 July 2000 during the third anniversary of Hong Kong's handover to China and for one incident on 9 July of the same year during a protest against elections to choose the [[Election Committee]], the [[electoral college]] which chooses the Chief Executive of Hong Kong. Leung was placed on a good-behaviour bond for 12 months in the sum of [[HK$]]3,000.<ref name="HKJA">{{cite web|url=http://www.hkja.org.hk/site/portal/Site.aspx?id=A1-629|title=Annual Report 2001|publisher=[[Hong Kong Journalists Association]]|date=9 August 2001|access-date=25 July 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011095132/http://www.hkja.org.hk/site/portal/Site.aspx?id=A1-629|archive-date=11 October 2014}}</ref>

==Previous flags of Hong Kong==

===Pre-colonial period===

====Qing dynasty (1862–1895)====
{{Main|Flag of the Qing dynasty}}

Before the secession of Hong Kong to the United Kingdom following the [[First Opium War]] and the [[Treaty of Nanking]], Hong Kong fell under the jurisdiction of the Chinese government and flew the flag and ensign of the Chinese government of the time. Before the establishment of the [[British Hong Kong|crown colony of Hong Kong]], the ruling dynasty in China was the [[Qing dynasty]]. Despite being established in 1644, the Qing Empire had no official flags until 1862. Up until 1898, when the [[Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory|Second Convention of Peking]] was signed between the Qing Court and the government of the United Kingdom, the [[New Territories]] was still Qing land. The [[Flag of the Qing dynasty|flag]] itself features the "Azure Dragon" on a plain yellow field with the red flaming pearl of the [[three-legged crow]] in the upper left corner.<ref>{{Cite book|title=China's Selective Identities: State, Ideology and Culture|last1=Mierzejewski|first1=Dominik|last2=Kowalski|first2=Bartosz|date=2019|publisher=Springer Singapore|isbn=978-981-13-0163-6|series=Global Political Transitions|location=Singapore|doi=10.1007/978-981-13-0164-3|s2cid=158954624}}</ref>

{{gallery|mode=nolines|whitebg=y|height=200|align=center
|Flag of the Qing Dynasty (1862-1889).svg|{{FIAV|historical}} [[Qing dynasty]] flag, 1862–1889
|Flag of the Qing Dynasty (1889-1912).svg|{{FIAV|historical}} Qing dynasty flag, 1889–1912
}}

===Colonial flags===
The flag of [[British Hong Kong]] from 1870 to 1997 was a [[Blue Ensign]] with the [[coat of arms of Hong Kong]] on a white disk. In Hong Kong, it is known as the Hong Kong flag ({{zh|c=香港旗}}), British Hong Kong flag ({{zhi|t=英屬香港旗|s=英属香港旗|first=t}}) or the Dragon and Lion flag ({{zhi|t=龍獅旗|s=龙狮旗|first=t}}).<ref name=ejin>{{cite web |url=http://www.ejinsight.com/20151001-so-what-if-colonial-flag-is-banned/ |author-first1=David Wai-lun|author-last1=Ho|title=So what if the colonial flag is banned? |work=Hong Kong Economic Journal |date=1 October 2015 |access-date=11 June 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202101200/http://www.ejinsight.com/20151001-so-what-if-colonial-flag-is-banned/ |archive-date=2 February 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Following a grant from the [[College of Arms]] in 1959, it was adopted as the flag of British Hong Kong.<ref name="HK01 Chan">{{cite news |last=Chan |first=Tsz-wai |script-title=zh:【紋章系列】殖民時代的香港紋章︱01歷史 |trans-title=(Heraldry Series) Hong Kong Heraldry in the Colonial Era – 01 History |url=https://www.hk01.com/%E7%A4%BE%E5%8D%80%E5%B0%88%E9%A1%8C/109830/%E7%B4%8B%E7%AB%A0%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97-%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3%E7%9A%84%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%B4%8B%E7%AB%A0-01%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2 |access-date=5 July 2025 |work=[[HK01]] |date=6 August 2017 |language=zh-HK}}</ref>

====First colonial flag (1870–1876)====
In 1870, a "white crown over HK" badge for the Blue Ensign flag was proposed by the [[Chief Secretary for Administration|Colonial Secretary]]. The design was updated in 1873 and the letters "HK" were removed.<ref name="TCOF">{{cite book |last=Farrow |first=Malcolm |editor-last=Prothero |editor-first=David |title=The Colours Of the Fleet |url=https://www.flaginstitute.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/TCOF-2015-2020.pdf |publisher=[[Flag Institute]] |page=98 |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref>

====Second colonial flag (1876–1959)====
In 1876, a {{ill|"local scene" badge|zh|阿群帶路圖}} ({{zh|c=阿群帶路圖}}, {{lit|Ar Kwan leads the way badge}}) was adopted to the Blue Ensign flag with the [[British Admiralty|Admiralty]]'s approval.<ref name="TCOF" /><ref name="Poon Apple">{{cite web |last=Poon |first=Tung-kai |script-title=zh:「阿群帶路」搵唔到盧吉道 |trans-title='Ar Kwan' leads the way but cannot find Lugard Road |url=https://hk.lifestyle.appledaily.com/lifestyle/columnist/%E6%BD%98%E6%9D%B1%E5%87%B1/daily/article/20180527/20402364 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713161104/https://hk.lifestyle.appledaily.com/lifestyle/columnist/%E6%BD%98%E6%9D%B1%E5%87%B1/daily/article/20180527/20402364 |archive-date=13 July 2019 |work=[[Apple Daily]] |access-date=1 July 2025 |lang=zh-HK}}</ref> The "local scene" depicted traders in the foreground and both European-style and [[Junk (ship)|Chinese-style]] trading ships in the background.<ref name="Poon Apple"/><ref name="colonial office">{{cite book |title=Flags, badges & arms of His Majesty's dominions beyond the seas and of territories under His Majesty's protection |volume=1 |date=1932 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951001065737t&seq=59 |publisher=[[Colonial Office]] of Great Britain |access-date=1 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

During the [[Pacific War]], part of [[World War II]], the [[Empire of Japan]] captured Hong Kong in 1941 and [[Japanese occupation of Hong Kong|occupied]] it until 1945. The Japanese military government used the flag of Japan in its official works in Hong Kong.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Carroll |first1=John M. |title=A Concise History of Hong Kong |date=2007 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers |isbn=978-0-7425-7469-4 |page=124 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fQofAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA124 |language=en}}</ref>

The design of the "local scene" badge was revised in 1955.<ref name="TCOF" />

====Third colonial flag (1959–1997)====
A [[Emblem of Hong Kong|coat of arms for Hong Kong]] was granted on 21 January 1959 by the [[College of Arms]] in London. The Hong Kong flag was subsequently revised to feature [[Flag of Hong Kong (1959–1997)|the coat of arms in the Blue Ensign flag]], and [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]], officially presented it to [[Robin Black (colonial administrator)|Robin Black]], the then governor of Hong Kong.<ref name="HK01 Chan"/> This design was used officially from 1959 until Hong Kong's handover in 1997.<ref name="TCOF" /> Since then, the 1959–1997 colonial flag has been used by anti–Chinese government protestors and supporters of the [[Hong Kong independence movement]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sheridan |first1=Michael |title=Why have Hong Kong demonstrators adopted an old British colonial flag? |url=https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/why-have-hong-kong-demonstrators-adopted-an-old-british-colonial-flag/ |access-date=5 May 2023 |work=The Spectator |date=2 July 2019 |archive-date=5 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505044522/https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/why-have-hong-kong-demonstrators-adopted-an-old-british-colonial-flag/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{gallery|mode=nolines|whitebg=y|height=200|align=center
|Flag of Hong Kong 1871.svg |{{FIAV|historical}} Flag used in 1870–1873
|Flag of Hong Kong (1876–1955).svg|{{FIAV|historical}} Flag used in 1876–1955
|Flag of Hong Kong 1955.svg |{{FIAV|historical}} Flag used in 1955–1959
|Flag of Hong Kong (1959–1997).svg|{{FIAV|historical}} Flag used in 1959–1997
}}

==Proposals before the handover==
Before Hong Kong's handover, between 20 May 1987 and 31 March 1988, a contest was held amongst Hong Kong residents to help choose a flag for post-colonial Hong Kong, with 7,147 design submissions, in which 4,489 submissions were about flag designs.<ref name="The Birth of Flag and Emblem of Hong Kong SAR">{{cite web|url=http://old.cflac.org.cn/chinaartnews/2007-07/04/content_10479899.htm |script-title=zh:香港区旗区徽诞生记|work=China Art News|date=1 January 2007|access-date=29 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230234930/http://old.cflac.org.cn/chinaartnews/2007-07/04/content_10479899.htm|archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> Architect [[Tao Ho]] was chosen as one of the panel judges to pick Hong Kong's new flag. He recalled that some of the designs had been rather funny and with political twists: "One had a [[hammer and sickle]] on one side and a [[dollar sign]] on the other."<ref name="Asiaweek.com">{{cite web|year=1997|url=http://www.asiaweek.com/asiaweek/97/0620/hkorganizers.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071107174623/http://www.asiaweek.com/asiaweek/97/0620/hkorganizers.html|archive-date=7 November 2007|title=Bringing You The Handover: Meet some of the most important men and women working behind the scenes|author=Andrea Hamilton|publisher=[[Asiaweek]]|access-date=20 March 2009}}</ref> Some designs were rejected because they contained copyrighted materials, for example, the emblem of [[Urban Council (Hong Kong)|Urban Council]], [[Hong Kong Arts Festival]] and [[Hong Kong Tourism Board]].<ref name="The Birth of Flag and Emblem of Hong Kong SAR" /> Six designs were chosen as finalists by the judges, but they were all later rejected by the Chinese government, which asked Ho and two others to submit new proposals.<ref name="reflection" />

Looking for inspiration, Ho wandered into a garden and picked up a ''Bauhinia × blakeana'' flower. He observed the symmetry of the five petals, and how their winding pattern conveyed to him a dynamic feeling. This led him to incorporate the flower into the flag to represent Hong Kong.<ref name="reflection" /> The design was adopted on 4 April 1990 at the Third Session of the Seventh National People's Congress.<ref name="BasicLawAdoption" /> The current design was approved on 10 August 1996 at the Fourth Plenum of the [[Preparatory Committee for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region|Preparatory Committee of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance |url=https://www.elegislation.gov.hk/hk/A602 |website=Hong Kong e-Legislation |access-date=4 January 2021}}</ref> and the flag was first officially hoisted seconds after midnight on 1 July 1997 in the handover ceremony marking the handover. It was hoisted together with the national Chinese flag, while the Chinese national anthem, "[[March of the Volunteers]]", was played. The [[Union Flag]] and the colonial Hong Kong flag were lowered seconds before midnight.<ref name="HandoverCeremony" />

{{gallery
|title=Selection of proposals during the 1987–1988 contest
|mode=nolines|whitebg=y|height=100|align=center
|Proposed flag for Hong Kong SAR 001.svg|{{FIAV|proposal}}
|Proposed flag for Hong Kong SAR 002.svg|{{FIAV|proposal}}
|Proposed flag for Hong Kong SAR 003.svg|{{FIAV|proposal}}
|Proposed flag for Hong Kong SAR 004.svg|{{FIAV|proposal}}
|Proposed flag for Hong Kong SAR 005.svg|{{FIAV|proposal}}
|Proposed flag for Hong Kong SAR 006.svg|{{FIAV|proposal}}
|Proposed flag for Hong Kong SAR 007.svg|{{FIAV|proposal}}
|Proposed flag for Hong Kong SAR 008.svg|{{FIAV|proposal}}
|Proposed flag for Hong Kong SAR 009.svg|{{FIAV|proposal}}
|Proposed flag for Hong Kong SAR 010.svg|{{FIAV|proposal}}
|Proposed flag for Hong Kong SAR 011.svg|{{FIAV|proposal}}
|Proposed flag for Hong Kong SAR 012.svg|{{FIAV|proposal}}
|Hong-kong-flag-proposal-1987.svg |{{FIAV|proposal}}
|Proposed flag for Hong Kong SAR 014.svg|{{FIAV|proposal}}
|Proposed flag for Hong Kong SAR 015.svg|{{FIAV|proposal}}
|Proposed flag Hong Kong SAR 016.svg |{{FIAV|proposal}}
}}

==Black Bauhinia variant==
[[File:Flag of Hong Kong (Black Bauhinia with wilted petals variant).svg|thumb|alt=Flag with a black background and a white wilted flower|Black Bauhinia flag]]{{Main|Black Bauhinia flag}}

The [[Black Bauhinia flag]] is a variant of the flag of Hong Kong with a black background and (in most versions) a modified [[Bauhinia × blakeana|bauhinia]] flower. The flag first appeared amid the [[2019–2020 Hong Kong protests]] as a symbol of protest against the Chinese government, in contrast to pro-government supporters displaying the Chinese and Hong Kong flags.<ref name="CNN Holland"/>

==See also==
* [[Emblem of Hong Kong]]
* [[List of Hong Kong flags]]
* [[List of Chinese flags]]
* [[List of British flags]]
* [[Flag of Macau]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons|Flags of Hong Kong}}

* {{FOTW|id=hk|title=Hong Kong}}
* [https://www.protocol.gov.hk/flags/eng/r_flag/index.html About the National Flag] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207193103/https://www.protocol.gov.hk/flags/eng/r_flag/index.html |date=7 December 2020 }} – webpage hosted on the website of the Protocol Division Government Secretariat
* [https://www.elegislation.gov.hk/hk/A602 Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance] at elegislation.gov.hk

{{Asia topic|Flag of|title=[[Flags of Asia]]}}
{{Hong Kong topics}}
{{Portal bar|Hong Kong}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hong Kong, Flag of}}
[[Category:Flags of Hong Kong| ]]
[[Category:Government of Hong Kong|Flag]]
[[Category:Regional symbols of Hong Kong|Flag]]
[[Category:Flags introduced in 1997]]
[[Category:Red and white flags]]
[[Category:Flags of dependent territories]]
[[Category:Flags with stars]]
[[Category:Flags of China]]
[[Category:Flags with flowers]]

United Arab Emirates national cricket team

2026-02-28T13:17:18Z

StephanieCrowthe: enhanced formatting also for accuracy

{{Short description|Cricket team that represents the United Arab Emirates}}
{{About|the men's team|the women's team|United Arab Emirates women's national cricket team}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox cricket team
| name = United Arab Emirates
| image = Emirates Cricket Board logo.svg
| image_size = 180px
| alt =
| association = [[Emirates Cricket Board]]
| od_captain = [[Rahul Chopra]]
| t20i_captain = [[Muhammad Waseem (cricketer)|Muhammad Waseem]]
| coach = [[Lalchand Rajput]]

|website={{url|https://www.emiratescricket.com/|ECB}}
| icc_status = Associate member
| icc_member_year = 1990
| icc_status2 = Affiliate member
| icc_member_year2 = 1989
| icc_region = [[Asian Cricket Council|Asia]]

| odi_rank = 20th
| t20i_rank = 15th
| odi_rank_best = 13th (02 May 2022)
| t20i_rank_best = 11th (21 Oct 2019)

| first_odi = v. {{cr|IND}} at [[Sharjah Cricket Stadium]], [[Sharjah]]; 13 April 1994
| most_recent_odi = v. {{cr|NEP}} at [[ICC Academy Ground]], [[Dubai]]; 5 November 2025
| num_odis = 128
| num_odis_this_year = 0
| odi_record = 42/85 (1 tie, 0 no results)
| odi_record_this_year = 0/0 (0 ties, 0 no results)

| wc_apps = 2
| wc_first = [[1996 Cricket World Cup|1996]]
| wc_best = Group stage (1996, [[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015]])
| wcq_apps = 7
| wcq_first = [[1994 ICC Trophy|1994]]
| wcq_best = Champions (1994)

| first_t20i = v. {{cr|NED}} at [[Sylhet International Cricket Stadium]], [[Sylhet]]; 17 March 2014
| most_recent_t20i = v. {{cr|SA}} at [[Arun Jaitley Cricket Stadium]], [[Delhi]]; 18 February 2026
| num_t20is = 147
| num_t20is_this_year = 6
| t20i_record = 78/68 (0 ties, 1 no result)
| t20i_record_this_year = 1/5 (0 ties, 0 no results)

| wt20_apps = 3
| wt20_first = [[2014 ICC World Twenty20|2014]]
| wt20_best = First round (2014, 2022)
| wt20q_apps = 7{{efn|T20 World Cup Qualifier refers to the Regional Final of the ICC Asia region from the 2023 edition.}}
| wt20q_first = [[2010 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier|2010]]
| wt20q_best = Champions (2022)

| a_pattern_la =
| a_pattern_b = _uae_t20wc_22
| a_pattern_ra =
| a_pattern_pants =
| a_leftarm = CD1561
| a_body = CD1561
| a_rightarm = CD1561
| a_pants = 001F4B

| t_pattern_la = _lightgold_border
| t_pattern_b = _uae_t20wc26
| t_pattern_ra = _lightgold_border
| t_pattern_pants =
| t_leftarm = 0142d2
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| asofdate = 18 February 2026
}}

The '''United Arab Emirates men's national cricket team''' represents the [[United Arab Emirates]] in [[international cricket]]. They are governed by the [[Emirates Cricket Board]] (ECB) which became an Affiliate Member of the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC) in 1989 and an [[List of International Cricket Council members|Associate Member]] the following year.<ref name="TL">The team is composed mainly of Indian and Pakistani expatriates working in UAE. [http://www.cricketeurope4.net/CRICKETEUROPE/GENERAL/TIMELINES/uae.shtml A Timeline of UAE cricket] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120709093903/http://www.cricketeurope4.net/CRICKETEUROPE/GENERAL/TIMELINES/uae.shtml |date=July 9, 2012 }} at CricketEurope</ref> Since 2005, the ICC's headquarters have been located in [[Dubai]].

One of the emerging [[One Day International]] (ODI) teams,<ref name="EWC">Encyclopedia of World Cricket by Roy Morgan, Sportsbooks Publishing, 2007</ref> the UAE won the [[ACC Trophy]] on four consecutive occasions between 2000 and 2006, and were runners-up in the tournament on three occasions, in 1996, 1998<ref name="TL" /> and 2008.<ref name="ACCT08">[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/180/180216.html Scorecard] of Hong Kong v UAE, 3 August 2008 at CricketArchive</ref> They won the [[Cricket World Cup Qualifier|ICC Trophy]] in 1994, and played their first ODIs that year, later playing in the [[1996 Cricket World Cup]].<ref name="TL" /> Other ODI matches came in the [[2004 Asia Cup|2004]] and [[2008 Asia Cup]]s. At the [[2014 Cricket World Cup Qualifier|2014 World Cup Qualifier]], the UAE finished in the second place behind [[Scotland cricket team|Scotland]], qualifying for the [[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015 World Cup]] and gaining ODI status until 2018.<ref name="odistatus">{{cite web|url=http://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2014/media-releases/77919/scotland-and-uae-battle-lock-horns-in-final-of-icc-cwcq-2014|title=Scotland and UAE battle lock horns in final of ICC CWCQ 2014|work=International Cricket Council|date=31 January 2014|access-date=31 January 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140131233903/http://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2014/media-releases/77919/scotland-and-uae-battle-lock-horns-in-final-of-icc-cwcq-2014|archive-date=31 January 2014}}</ref>

The UAE made the group stage of the [[2014 World Twenty20|2014 ICC World Twenty20]] and [[2022 Men's T20 World Cup|2022 ICC Men's T20 World Cup]]. The team qualified for the [[2019 Men's T20 World Cup Qualifier|2019 ICC T20 World Cup Qualifier]] as hosts. Following the demise of the [[World Cricket League]] (WCL), UAE played in the [[2019–2023 Cricket World Cup League 2|2019–22 ICC Cricket World Cup League 2]].

==History==

===Early days===
In 1892, cricket was introduced by the [[British Army]] in what is now the UAE, but was then known as the "[[Trucial States]]". The game spread during World War II, as personnel from the [[Royal Air Force|British Royal Air Force]] and other Commonwealth forces (which included [[first-class cricket|first-class]] and [[club cricket|club]] cricketers from [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]]) stationed in cities such as [[Ajman]], [[Al Ain]], [[Dubai]] and [[Sharjah]], continued their favourite pastime. The pitches installed by them around the air base in Sharjah were used by British and other foreign nationals after the war ended.<ref name="EWC" />

Sharjah residents began playing the Dubai residents in the local derbies which were held in Dubai. The Garden city of Al Ain has the oldest cricket council in the whole of the UAE. The popularity of the game declined after independence in 1971; however, when South Asians began settling in the country, they brought with them a wish to play cricket. The local Arab population, educated in India and Pakistan, set up clubs and domestic tournaments began in the 1980s.<ref name="EWC" />

===Making of the national side===
The first match was played by the UAE national side in February 1976 against [[Pakistan International Airlines cricket team|Pakistan International Airlines]] in Sharjah. The visitors scored 345/5 from their 50 overs and the UAE were on 88/4 from 28 overs when the game was abandoned due to rain.<ref name="EWC" />

Wealthy locals began investing in the sport and an International standard cricket ground was constructed in Sharjah. The [[Sharjah Cricket Stadium|Sharjah Cricket Association Stadium]] hosted its first international event in 1984 when [[India national cricket team|India]], [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]] and [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]] contested the [[Asia Cup]]. The venue has gone on to host almost 200 ODIs<ref>[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Grounds/27/1745_o.html One-Day International Matches] played on [[Sharjah Cricket Stadium]] at CricketArchive</ref> and four [[Test cricket|Test matches]],<ref>[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Grounds/27/1745_t.html Test Matches played at Sharjah Cricket Stadium] at CricketArchive</ref> the Test matches having been held there due to security concerns in Pakistan following the [[2009 attack on the Sri Lanka national cricket team]] in March 2009, in [[Lahore]].<ref name="EWC" />

The [[Emirates Cricket Board]] (ECB) was established in 1989<ref name="EWC" /> and gained affiliate membership of the ICC the same year. They were quickly promoted to associate member status the following year.<ref name="TL" /> Also in 1990, the national side returned to action, twice losing heavily to the [[Netherlands national cricket team|Netherlands]]. These heavy defeats showed that much work needed to be done if the UAE were to be successful in the [[1994 ICC Trophy]] and the ECB adopted a controversial policy.<ref name="EWC" />

===1994 ICC Trophy===
Hoping to form a successful national side in time for the tournament in Kenya, the ECB attracted several players with first-class experience in India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka to take up employment in the country so that they could satisfy the residential requirements to represent the UAE in the tournament.<ref name="EWC" />

With just one native Arab selected in the shape of [[Sultan Zarawani]], who [[Captain (cricket)|captained]] the side, the UAE won the trophy and thus qualified for the [[1996 Cricket World Cup|1996 World Cup]].<ref name="EWC" /> The [[United Arab Emirates|UAE]] had beaten [[Kenya national cricket team|Kenya]] in the final,<ref name="ICCT94">[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/58/58659.html Scorecard] of Kenya v UAE, 6 March 1994 at CricketArchive</ref> and the Kenyan players and cricket board were very vocal in their anger at being defeated by what they and other observers described as a team of imported mercenaries.<ref name="EWC" />

Whilst the ICC remained relatively silent on the controversy, the national team eligibility requirements were strongly tightened for all future ICC sanctioned tournaments.<ref name="EWC" />

===First ODIs===
The UAE played their first ODIs in 1994 in the triangular [[Austral-Asia Cup]] with Pakistan and India, which the UAE also hosted.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/149440.html |title=The star who turned traitor |work=ESPN Cricinfo |date=31 March 2008 |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref> They finished last in a tri-series against Kenya and the Netherlands the same year and also finished last in a tournament against the A sides of India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka in 1995. They returned to ODI cricket in the 1996 World Cup where they lost all matches except the one against the Netherlands, which was the first ever ODI between two associate members of the ICC.<ref name="TL" />

Later in 1996 the UAE were runners-up to [[Bangladesh national cricket team|Bangladesh]] in the first ACC Trophy. The tightened eligibility rules meant that they were unable to repeat their 1994 success when they finished tenth in the [[1997 ICC Trophy]] in Malaysia.<ref name="TL" /> They were beaten by Bangladesh in the semi-finals of the 1998 ACC Trophy.<ref name="Shock">[http://www.cricketeurope4.net/DATABASE/ARTICLES2/articles/000040/004020.shtml Saudis stun champions] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524044325/http://www.cricketeurope4.net/DATABASE/ARTICLES2/articles/000040/004020.shtml |date=May 24, 2011 }}, 25 July 2008, CricketEurope</ref>

===21st century===

====2000 – 2009====

With Bangladesh being promoted to ICC full membership, the UAE began to establish themselves as the top associate side in Asia, though they often fell short against the top associates in Europe and North America, a position that remains to this day.<ref name="EWC" /> They won the ACC Trophy in 2000 and 2002, beating [[Hong Kong national cricket team|Hong Kong]] and [[Nepal national cricket team|Nepal]] in the respective finals, but finished fifth in the [[2001 ICC Trophy]] in Canada.<ref name="TL" />

UAE hosted the [[2004 ICC Six Nations Challenge]] and finished fifth, level on points with four other teams. The year was a busy one for the UAE cricketers as they played the first [[ICC Intercontinental Cup|Intercontinental Cup]] match against Nepal, with [[Ali Asad (cricketer, born 1976)|Ali Asad]] taking nine [[Wicket#Dismissing a batsman|wickets]] in the first innings. They beat [[Malaysia national cricket team|Malaysia]] later in the tournament but lost to [[Canada national cricket team|Canada]] in the semi-finals. They won the ACC Trophy again that year, beating [[Oman national cricket team|Oman]] in the final. They returned to ODI cricket, losing to India and Sri Lanka in the first round of the [[Asia Cup]], and finished fourth in the [[Hong Kong Cricket Sixes|Hong Kong Sixes]], beating India and [[South Africa national cricket team|South Africa]] on the way.<ref name="TL" />

They reached the semi-finals of the ICC Intercontinental Cup again in 2005, also playing a series against [[England Lions cricket team|England A]] at Sharjah, losing all four matches.<ref name="TL" /> The [[2005 ICC Trophy]] in Ireland saw them finish sixth.<ref name="ICCT05">[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/82/82973.html Scorecard] of Netherlands v UAE, 11 July 2005 at CricketArchive</ref> They beat Hong Kong in the final of the 2006 ACC Trophy, but began their [[2006–07 ICC Intercontinental Cup|2006 ICC Intercontinental Cup]] campaign with an innings defeat by [[Namibia national cricket team|Namibia]]. The campaign continued with a draw against Scotland and a defeat by [[Ireland cricket team|Ireland]], again by an innings. They finished fourth in the first [[ACC Twenty20 Cup]] in 2007.<ref name="TL" />

Their campaign in the [[2007–08 ICC Intercontinental Cup|2007–2008 ICC Intercontinental Cup]] was unsuccessful, with just one win against [[Bermuda national cricket team|Bermuda]] in their seven matches.<ref>[http://www.cricketeurope4.net/CRICKETEUROPE/DATABASE/2007/TOURNAMENTS/INTERCONTINENTAL/about.shtml 2007–08 ICC Intercontinental Cup] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070620180456/http://www.cricketeurope4.net/CRICKETEUROPE/DATABASE/2007/TOURNAMENTS/INTERCONTINENTAL/about.shtml |date=June 20, 2007 }} at CricketEurope</ref> The team fared better in [[2007 ICC World Cricket League Division Two|Division Two]] of the [[World Cricket League]] in [[Windhoek]] in 2007, winning the tournament after beating Oman in the final.<ref name="WCL207">[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/131/131292.html Scorecard] of Oman v UAE, 1 December 2007 at CricketArchive</ref>

They again played in the Asia Cup in 2008, losing to Bangladesh and Sri Lanka in the first round.<ref name="AC08">[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Events/Tables/Asia_Cup_2008.html 2008 Asia Cup Points Table] at CricketArchive</ref> Their 2008 ACC Trophy Elite began with a shock defeat to [[Saudi Arabia national cricket team|Saudi Arabia]], their first ACC Trophy defeat since the 1998 semi-final.<ref name="Shock" /> They lost to Hong Kong in the final, ending a run of four consecutive titles.<ref name="ACCT08"/>

The UAE hosted and were runners-up at the [[2009 ACC Twenty20 Cup]], losing the final to [[Afghanistan national cricket team|Afghanistan]], after winning four group matches and accounting for Oman in their semi-final.<ref>[http://www.asiancricket.org/index.php/tournaments/acc-twenty20-cup-2009 Asian Cricket, Accessed 14 May 2011]</ref>

====2010 – present====

In October 2010, the team announced that it had hired [[Kabir Khan (cricketer)|Kabir Khan]] to become its coach. Khan had great success with the Afghan team during his one-year stint as they became eligible to play ODIs. Kabir Khan also stated that his aim was to help UAE qualify for the [[2012 World Twenty20|2012 ICC World Twenty20]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cricinfo.com/other/content/story/479636.html |title=Kabir Khan to coach UAE |work=Cricinfo |publisher=ESPN Cricinfo |date=2 October 2010 |access-date=19 February 2015}}</ref>

In April 2011, the UAE hosted and won [[2011 ICC World Cricket League Division Two|Division Two]] of the [[World Cricket League]] without losing a match.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wcldiv2-2011/content/series/475041.html|title=ICC World Cricket League Division Two|website=Cricinfo|access-date=8 September 2018}}</ref> In June/July 2011, they played Kenya at [[Nairobi]] for the first round of [[2011–2013 ICC Intercontinental Cup|2011–13 ICC Intercontinental Cup]]. In December, the UAE participated in the [[2011 ACC Twenty20 Cup]] in Nepal.<ref>[http://www.asiancricket.org/index.php/tournaments/acc-twenty20-cup-2011 Asian Cricket, Accessed 14 May 2011]</ref> Then in 2013, they traveled to Scotland to compete in the [[2014 Cricket World Cup Qualifier|2013 Cricket World Cup Qualifier]], the final event of the 2009–13 World Cricket League.<ref>[http://www.cricketeurope4.net/WCL7/DATABASE/ABOUT/structure.shtml Cricket Europe, Accessed 14 May 2011] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921043421/http://www.cricketeurope4.net/WCL7/DATABASE/ABOUT/structure.shtml |date=September 21, 2012 }}</ref>

UAE finished third in the [[2013 ACC Twenty20 Cup]] which after defeating Hong Kong in the play-off for third place. In November, they hosted [[2013 World Twenty20 Qualifier|2013 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier]] and finished fourth after losing to Nepal in the play-off for third place, and qualified for the [[2014 ICC World Twenty20]], defeating the Netherlands by 10 runs in the quarter-final.

UAE participated in the [[2014 World Twenty20|2014 ICC World Twenty20]] but were unsuccessful in the tournament, going without a win. UAE finished second in the [[2014 ACC Premier League]] and qualified for the [[ACC Championship|2014 ACC Championship]]. They also qualified for 2015 Cricket World Cup in Australia and New Zealand.

UAE qualified to play in the Cricket World Cup after a lapse of almost twenty years. Unlike other teams in the tournament, the squad of players mainly consisted of semi-professionals.<ref name="2015wcstandings">{{cite web |url=http://www.icc-cricket.com/cricket-world-cup/news/2015/features-and-specials/85785/zimbabwe-v-uae-preview-match-8-nelson |title=Zimbabwe v UAE Preview, Match 8, Nelson |date=18 February 2015 |publisher=ICC |access-date=19 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219053517/http://www.icc-cricket.com/cricket-world-cup/news/2015/features-and-specials/85785/zimbabwe-v-uae-preview-match-8-nelson |archive-date=2015-02-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The team registered their highest ODI total ever at the 2015 Cricket World Cup in a group stage match played against Zimbabwe in Nelson, New Zealand.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-cricket-world-cup-2015/content/story/834413.html |title=Williams, Ervine ruin UAE's spirited comeback |author=Monga, Sidharth |publisher=ESPN Cricinfo |date=19 February 2015 |access-date=19 February 2015}}</ref> However, they failed to register a win and were eliminated from the [[2015 Cricket World Cup]] with 6 losses out of 6 matches in [[2015 Cricket World Cup Pool B|Pool B]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icc-cricket.com/cricket-world-cup/standings/| title= Standings / Cricket World Cup 2015 - ICC Cricket / Official Website|work= International Cricket Council| access-date= 18 March 2015}}</ref> They returned to T20 cricket in the 2022 World Cup where they lost all matches except the one against Namibia, which was the first ever T20 between two associate members of the ICC.

New Zealand toured UAE in August 2023 for a three match T20I series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nzc.nz/news-items/archive/blackcaps-to-play-uae/ |title=BLACKCAPS to play UAE |access-date=24 March 2023 |work=New Zealand Cricket}}</ref> In the second T20I, UAE pulled off a stunning upset, defeating New Zealand by 7 wickets.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/3641186 |title=UAE script history with series-levelling win over New Zealand |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=19 August 2023}}</ref> It was UAE's first international win over New Zealand and also New Zealand's first defeat against an associate team.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/new-zealand-in-united-arab-emirates-2023-1377725/united-arab-emirates-vs-new-zealand-2nd-t20i-1377728/match-report |title=Aayan, Waseem, Asif crush NZ to seal historic win for UAE |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=19 August 2023}}</ref>
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 19 August 2023
| time = 18:00
| night = Yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|NZ}}
| team2 = {{cr|UAE}}
| score1 = 142/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Mark Chapman (cricketer)|Mark Chapman]] 63 (46)
| wickets1 = [[Aayan Afzal Khan]] 3/20 (4 overs)
| score2 = 144/3 (15.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Muhammad Waseem (cricketer)|Muhammad Waseem]] 55 (29)
| wickets2 = [[Mitchell Santner]] 1/26 (3 overs)
| result = United Arab Emirates won by 7 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1377728.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Dubai International Cricket Stadium]], Dubai
| umpires = [[Aasif Iqbal]] (UAE) and [[Shiju Sam]] (UAE)
| motm = [[Aayan Afzal Khan]] (UAE)
| toss = United Arab Emirates won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = This was United Arab Emirates's maiden victory against New Zealand in any format of cricket.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aayan, Waseem, Asif crush NZ to seal historic win for UAE|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/new-zealand-in-united-arab-emirates-2023-1377725/united-arab-emirates-vs-new-zealand-2nd-t20i-1377728/match-report|work=ESPN Cricinfo|access-date=20 August 2023}}</ref>
}}

==International grounds==

{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Venue
! City
!Map
|-
|[[Dubai International Cricket Stadium]]
|[[Dubai]]
| rowspan="4" |{{location map+|UAE|float=center|width=250|caption=Locations of all stadiums which have hosted an international cricket match within UAE|places=
{{location map~|UAE|label=[[Dubai International Cricket Stadium|DSC]]/[[ICC Academy Ground|ICC Academy]]|position=right|lat=25.046667|long=55.218889}}
{{location map~|UAE|label=[[Sharjah Cricket Stadium|Sharjah]]|position=right|lat=25.330822|long=55.420956}}
{{location map~|UAE|label=[[Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium|Sheikh Zayed]]|position=left|lat=24.396389|long=54.540556}}
}}
|-
|[[Sharjah Cricket Stadium]]
|[[Sharjah]]
|-
|[[Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium]]
|[[Abu Dhabi]]
|-
|[[ICC Academy Ground]]
|[[Dubai]]
|}

===Infrastructure===
In terms of infrastructure, the UAE have the best stadiums as compared to other [[List of International Cricket Council members#Associate Members|Associate members]]: [[Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium]] in Abu Dhabi;
[[Dubai International Cricket Stadium|DSC Cricket Stadium]], Dubai and Sharjah Cricket Association Stadium, Sharjah, which has hosted around 200 ODIs and Test matches.

International stadiums in [[Ajman]] and [[Al Ain]] are currently under development.

The following are the main cricket stadiums in UAE:
* [[Sharjah Cricket Stadium]], Sharjah
* [[Dubai International Cricket Stadium]], Dubai
* [[Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium]], Abu Dhabi
* [[Dubai Cricket Council Ground No 1]], Dubai
* [[Dubai Cricket Council Ground No 2]], Dubai
* [[ICC Academy|ICC Global Cricket Academy]] 1, Dubai
* [[ICC Academy|ICC Global Cricket Academy]] 2, Dubai
* Ajman International Cricket Stadium, Ajman
* Al Ain International Cricket Stadium, Al Ain

==Tournament history==

===Cricket World Cup===
{{main|United Arab Emirates at the Cricket World Cup}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="8" |[[Cricket World Cup|World Cup record]]
|-
! width=150 |Year
! width=150 |Round
! width=50 |Position
! width=50 |{{tooltip|P|Played}}
! width=50 |{{tooltip|W|Won}}
! width=50 |{{tooltip|L|Lost}}
! width=50 |{{tooltip|T|Tie}}
! width=50 |{{tooltip|NR|No Result}}
|-
|{{flagicon|England}} [[1975 Cricket World Cup|1975]]||colspan="7" rowspan=4|''Not eligible – not an ICC member''
|-
|{{flagicon|England}} [[1979 Cricket World Cup|1979]]
|-
|{{flagicon|England}} [[1983 Cricket World Cup|1983]]
|-
|{{flagicon|India}}{{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[1987 Cricket World Cup|1987]]
|-
|{{flagicon|AUS}} {{flagicon|NZL}} [[1992 Cricket World Cup|1992]]||colspan="7"|''Did not participate in qualifying''
|-
|{{flagicon|IND}} {{flagicon|PAK}} {{flagicon|SRI}} [[1996 Cricket World Cup|1996]]||First Round||11/12||5||1||4||0||0
|-
|{{flagicon|England}} [[1999 Cricket World Cup|1999]]||colspan="7" rowspan=4|''Did not qualify''
|-
|{{flagicon|RSA}} {{flagicon|ZIM}} {{flagicon|KEN}} [[2003 Cricket World Cup|2003]]
|-
|{{flagicon|West Indies}} [[2007 Cricket World Cup|2007]]
|-
|{{flagicon|IND}} {{flagicon|SRI}} {{flagicon|BGD}} [[2011 Cricket World Cup|2011]]
|-
|{{flagicon|AUS}} {{flagicon|NZL}} [[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015]]||Group Stage||13/14||6||0||6||0||0
|-
|{{flagicon|England}} [[2019 Cricket World Cup|2019]]||colspan="7" rowspan=2|''Did not qualify''
|-
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[2023 Cricket World Cup|2023]]
|-
|{{flagicon|RSA}} {{flagicon|ZIM}} {{flagicon|NAM}} [[2027 Cricket World Cup|2027]]||colspan="7"|''TBD''
|-
|'''Total'''||'''Group Stage'''|| '''2/12'''||'''11'''||'''1'''||'''10'''||'''0'''||'''0'''
|}

===T20 World Cup===
{{Main|United Arab Emirates at the Men's T20 World Cup}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!colspan=8|[[Men's T20 World Cup|ICC T20 World Cup]]
|-
! width=150 |Year
! width=150 |Round
! width=50 |Position
! width=50 |GP
! width=50 |W
! width=50 |L
! width=50 |T
! width=50 |NR
|-
|{{flagicon|South Africa}} [[2007 World Twenty20|2007]]|| colspan="7" rowspan="4" |''Did not qualify''
|-
|{{flagicon|England}} [[2009 World Twenty20|2009]]
|-
|{{flagicon|West Indies}} [[2010 World Twenty20|2010]]
|-
|{{flagicon|Sri Lanka}} [[2012 World Twenty20|2012]]
|-
|{{flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[2014 World Twenty20|2014]]|||Group Stage||16/16||3||0||3||0||0
|-
|{{flagicon|India}} [[2016 World Twenty20|2016]]|| colspan="7" rowspan="2" |''Did not qualify''
|-
|{{flagicon|UAE}} {{flagicon|Oman}} [[2021 Men's T20 World Cup|2021]]
|-
|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[2022 Men's T20 World Cup|2022]]||Group Stage||16/16||3||1||2||0||0
|-
|{{flagicon|USA}} {{flagicon|WIN}} [[2024 Men's T20 World Cup|2024]]|| colspan="7" |''Did not qualify''
|-
|{{flagicon|IND}} {{flagicon|SRI}} [[2026 Men's T20 World Cup|2026]]||Group Stage||16/20||4||1||3||0||0
|-
|'''Total'''||'''Group Stage'''||'''16th'''||'''10'''||'''2'''||'''8'''||'''0'''||'''0'''
|-
|}

===[[Cricket World Cup Qualifier|ICC World Cup Qualifier]]===

* [[1979 ICC Trophy|1979]] to [[1986 ICC Trophy|1986]]: Not eligible – Not an ICC member<ref name="TL" />
* [[1990 ICC Trophy|1990]]: Did not participate<ref name="WC92">{{cite web|url=http://uk.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/ICCT90/|title=ICC Trophy 1990: Netherlands|website=uk.cricinfo.com|access-date=8 September 2018|archive-date=9 July 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080709014042/http://uk.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/ICCT90/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[1994 ICC Trophy|1994]]: Winners<ref name="TL" />
* [[1997 ICC Trophy|1997]]: 10th place<ref name="TL" />
* [[2001 ICC Trophy|2001]]: 5th place<ref name="TL" />
* [[2005 ICC Trophy|2005]]: 6th place<ref name="ICCT05" />
* [[2009 ICC World Cup Qualifier|2009]]: 7th place<ref>{{cite web |url=http://iccworldcupqualifier.yahoo.net/matchesandscores/uana1904.html?nocache=1305450919640%2C |title=ICC Cricket World Cup Qualifier 2009, 7th-8th place playoff |publisher=Yahoo! Sports |date=2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321012532/http://iccworldcupqualifier.yahoo.net/matchesandscores/uana1904.html?nocache=1305450919640%2C |archive-date=March 21, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[2014 Cricket World Cup Qualifier|2014]]: Runner up (Qualified for [[2015 Cricket World Cup]])
*[[2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier|2018]]: 6th place
* [[2023 Cricket World Cup Qualifier|2023]]: 9th place

===[[Men's T20 World Cup Global Qualifier|ICC T20 World Cup Qualifier]]===

* [[2010 World Twenty20 Qualifier|2010]]: 3rd Place<ref>2010 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier</ref>
* [[2013 World Twenty20 Qualifier|2013]]: 4th Place<ref>2013 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier</ref>
* [[2015 World Twenty20 Qualifier|2015]]: 13th Place<ref>2015 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier</ref>
* [[2019 Men's T20 World Cup Qualifier|2019]]: 8th Place
* [[2022 Men's T20 World Cup Global Qualifier A|2022]] (A): '''Champions'''
* [[2023 Men's T20 World Cup Asia Qualifier|2023]] (T20 WC Asia Qualifier): 3rd place
===ICC Twenty20 World Cup Asia–EAP Regional Final===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width=900px;"
|-
!colspan=9|[[Men's T20 World Cup Global Qualifier|ICC Twenty20 World Cup Asia–EAP Regional Final]] records
|-
! width=150 |Year
! width=150 |Round
! width=50 |Position
! width=50 |GP
! width=50 |W
! width=50 |L
! width=50 |T
! width=50 |NR
|-
|{{flagicon|OMA}} [[2025 Men's T20 World Cup Asia–EAP Regional Final|2025]]||Qualified to 2026 T20 World Cup ||6||4||2||0||0||0
|-
|'''Total'''||'''1/1'''||'''0 Title '''||'''6'''||'''4'''||'''2'''||'''0'''||'''0'''
|}

===[[ICC Intercontinental Cup|Intercontinental Cup]]===

* [[2004 ICC Intercontinental Cup|2004]]: Semi Finals<ref name="TL" />
* [[2005 ICC Intercontinental Cup|2005]]: Semi Finals<ref name="TL" />
* [[2006–07 ICC Intercontinental Cup|2006]]: First round<ref name="TL" />
* [[2009–10 ICC Intercontinental Shield|2009–10 (Shield)]]: 2nd place
* [[2011–2013 ICC Intercontinental Cup|2011–13]]: 4th place

===[[World Cricket League]]===

*[[2007 ICC World Cricket League Division Two|2007 Division Two]]: '''Champions'''<ref name="WCL207" />
*[[2009 Cricket World Cup Qualifier|2009 World Cup Qualifier]]: 7th place
*[[2011 ICC World Cricket League Division Two|2011 Division Two]]: '''Champions'''
*[[2011–2013 ICC World Cricket League Championship|2011–13 WCL Championship]]: 3rd place
*[[2018 ICC World Cricket League Division Two|2018 Division Two]]: '''Champions'''

===[[Asia Cup]]===

* 1983 to 1988: Not eligible – Not an ACC member<ref name="TL" />
* 1990/91: Did not participate<ref name="TL" />
* 1995: Did not participate<ref name="TL" />
* 1997: Did not qualify<ref name="TL" />
* 2000: Did not qualify<ref name="TL" />
* [[2004 Asia Cup|2004]]: 5th place<ref name="TL" />
* [[2008 Asia Cup|2008]]: 5th place<ref name="AC08" />
* [[2010 Asia Cup|2010]]: Did not qualify<ref name="TL" />
* [[2012 Asia Cup|2012]]: Did not qualify<ref name="TL" />
* 2014: Did not qualify<ref name="TL" />
* [[2016 Asia Cup|2016]]: 5th place
* [[2018 Asia Cup|2018]]: Did not qualify
* [[2022 Asia Cup|2022]]: Did not qualify
* [[2023 Asia Cup|2023]]: Did not qualify
* [[2025 Asia Cup|2025]]: 6th place

===Asia Cup Qualifier===
*[[2016 Asia Cup Qualifier|2016]]: Winners (Qualified for 2016 Asia Cup)
*[[2018 Asia Cup Qualifier|2018]]: Runner up (failed to qualify)
*[[2022 Asia Cup Qualifier|2022]]: Runner up (failed to qualify)

===Men's Gulf T20I Championship===
*[[2023 Men's Gulf T20I Championship|2023]]: Runners-up
*[[2024 Men's Gulf T20I Championship|2024]]: Winners

===ACC Western Region T20===

* [[2019 ACC Western Region T20|2019]]: Did not participate
* [[2022 Asia Cup Qualifier|2020]]: Winner (Qualified for [[2022 Asia Cup Qualifier|2020 Asia Cup Qualifier]])

===[[ACC Championship]]===

*[[2014 ACC Championship|2014]]: Qualified

===[[ACC Fast Track Countries Tournament]]===

*[[ACC Fast Track Countries Tournament|2004]]: Runners-up
*[[ACC Fast Track Countries Tournament|2005]]: '''Winners'''
*[[ACC Fast Track Countries Tournament|2006]]: Runners-up

===[[ACC Premier Cup|ACC Premier League]]===
*[[2014 ACC Premier League|2014]]: Runners-up
*[[2023 ACC Men's Premier Cup|2023]]: Runners-up

===[[ACC Trophy]]===
* [[1996 ACC Trophy|1996]]: Runners up<ref name="TL" />
* [[1998 ACC Trophy|1998]]: Semi Finals<ref name="Shock" />
* [[2000 ACC Trophy|2000]]: Winners<ref name="TL" />
* [[2002 ACC Trophy|2002]]: Winners<ref name="TL" />
* [[2004 ACC Trophy|2004]]: Winners<ref name="TL" />
* [[2006 ACC Trophy|2006]]: Winners<ref name="TL" />
* [[2008 ACC Trophy Elite|2008 (Elite)]]: Runners up<ref name="ACCT08" />
* [[2010 ACC Trophy Elite|2010 (Elite)]]: 6th place
* [[2012 ACC Trophy Elite|2012]]: '''Winners''' (Shared trophy with [[Nepal national cricket team|Nepal]])

===ACC Twenty20 Cup===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width=900px;"
|-
!colspan=9|[[ACC Twenty20 Cup]] records<ref name="TL" />
|-
! width=150 |Year
! width=150 |Round
! width=50 |Position
! width=50 |GP
! width=50 |W
! width=50 |L
! width=50 |T
! width=50 |NR
|-
|{{flagicon|Kuwait}} [[2007 ACC Twenty20 Cup|2007]]||Semi-finals||4/10||6||4||2||0||0
|-
|{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} [[2009 ACC Twenty20 Cup|2009]]||Runners-up||2/12||7||5||2||0||0
|-
|{{flagicon|Nepal}} [[2011 ACC Twenty20 Cup|2011]]||Group stages ||5/10||5||4||1||0||0
|-
|{{flagicon|Nepal}} [[2013 ACC Twenty20 Cup|2013]]||Semi-finals||–||6||5||1||0||0
|-
|style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} [[2015 ACC Twenty20 Cup|2015]]||colspan=8|Did not participate
|-
|'''Total'''||'''4/5'''||'''0 Title '''||'''24'''||'''18'''||'''6'''||'''0'''||'''0'''
|}

==Current squad==
''Updated as of 4 September 2025''

This lists all the active players who were part of the UAE squad for [[2025 Asia Cup|2025 Asia Cup's T20I]] or latest ODI squad. Uncapped players are listed in ''italics''.

Note: Forms column refers to the formats the player has played for the UAE in the latest ODI/T20I squad, not over their whole career

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="text-align:center; background:#CD1661; color:#DDC061; | Name
! style="text-align:center; background:#CD1661; color:#DDC061; | Age
! style="text-align:center; background:#CD1661; color:#DDC061; | Batting style
! style="text-align:center; background:#CD1661; color:#DDC061; | Bowling style
! style="text-align:center; background:#CD1661; color:#DDC061; | Forms
! style="text-align:center; background:#CD1661; color:#DDC061; | Last ODI
! style="text-align:center; background:#CD1661; color:#DDC061; | Last T20I
! style="text-align:center; background:#CD1661; color:#DDC061; | Notes
|-
!colspan="12"| Batters
|-
| [[Muhammad Waseem (cricketer)|Muhammad Waseem]] || {{age|1994|2|12}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || ODI, T20I || {{cricon|NEP}} 2025 || {{cricon|SA}} 2026 || T20I Captain
|-
| [[Alishan Sharafu]] || {{age|2003|1|10}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || ODI, T20I || {{cricon|NEP}} 2025 || {{cricon|SA}} 2026 ||
|-
| [[Ethan D'Souza]] || {{age|2006|3|17}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || T20I || {{cricon|USA}} 2023 || {{cricon|OMA}} 2025 ||
|-
| [[Asif Khan (Emirati cricketer)|Asif Khan]] || {{age|1990|2|15}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || ODI, T20I || {{cricon|SCO}} 2025 || {{cricon|PAK}} 2025 ||
|-
| Muhammad Zohaib || {{age|1990|2|15}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || T20I || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|IRE}} 2026 ||
|-
| Sagar Kalyan || {{age|1996|9|30}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || ODI || {{cricon|NED}} 2025 || {{n/a}} ||
|-
!colspan="12"| All-rounders
|-
| [[Muhammad Farooq (cricketer, born 1992)|Muhammad Farooq]] || {{age|1992|10|5}} || Right-handed || [[Leg break]] || ODI, T20I || {{cricon|OMA}} 2024 || {{cricon|SA}} 2026 ||
|-
|| Harshit Kaushik || {{age|1996|9|19}} || Left-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || T20I || {{cricon|NEP}} 2025 || {{cricon|AFG}} 2026 ||
|-
| [[Dhruv Parashar]] || {{age|2004|12|20}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || ODI, T20I || {{cricon|NEP}} 2025 || {{cricon|SA}} 2026 ||
|-
| [[Aayan Afzal Khan]] || {{age|2005|11|15}} || Right-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || ODI || {{cricon|SCO}} 2025 || {{cricon|OMA}} 2025 ||
|-
!colspan="12"| Wicket-keepers
|-
| [[Rahul Chopra]] || {{age|1994|11|7}} || Right-handed || {{n/a}} || ODI, T20I || {{cricon|NEP}} 2025 || {{cricon|IRE}} 2026 || ODI Captain
|-
| [[Aryansh Sharma]] || {{age|2004|12|3}} || Right-handed || {{n/a}} || ODI, T20I || {{cricon|NEP}} 2025 || {{cricon|SA}} 2026 ||
|-
| [[Vriitya Aravind]] || {{age|2002|6|11}} || Right-handed || {{n/a}} || ODI || {{cricon|NED}} 2025 || {{cricon|AFG}} 2024 ||
|-
| [[Tanish Suri]] || {{age|2005|6|4}} || Right-handed || {{n/a}} || ODI || {{cricon|SCO}} 2025 || {{cricon|KUW}} 2024 ||
|-
| [[Sayed Haider]] || {{age|2001|4|26}} || Right-handed || {{n/a}} || T20I || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|SA}} 2026 ||
|-
!colspan="12"| Pace bowlers
|-
| [[Muhammad Jawadullah]] || {{age|1994|7|5}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || ODI, T20I || {{cricon|NEP}} 2025 || {{cricon|SA}} 2026 ||
|-
| [[Matiullah Khan]] || {{age|1993|3|1}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || T20I || {{cricon|USA}} 2023 || {{cricon|NGA}} 2025 ||
|-
| [[Saghir Khan]] || {{age|1999|2|18}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || T20I || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|AFG}} 2025 ||
|-
| [[Muhammad Rohid]] || {{age|2002|9|29}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || T20I || {{cricon|USA}} 2025 || {{cricon|NZ}} 2026 ||
|-
| [[Junaid Siddique (Emirati cricketer)|Junaid Siddique]] || {{age|1992|12|6}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || ODI, T20I || {{cricon|SCO}} 2025 || {{cricon|SA}} 2026 ||
|-
| Zahid Ali || {{age|1992|3|14}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || ''ODI'' || {{cricon|NEP}} 2025 || {{cricon|OMA}} 2025 ||
|-
| [[Sanchit Sharma]] || {{age|2001|7|22}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || ODI || {{cricon|SCO}} 2025 || {{cricon|BAN}} 2025 ||
|-
!colspan="12"| Spin bowlers
|-
| [[Haider Ali (cricketer, born 1994)|Haider Ali]] || {{age|1994|7|5}} || Left-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || T20I || {{cricon|NEP}} 2025 || {{cricon|SA}} 2026 ||
|-
| Simranjeet Singh || {{age|1989|11|13}} || Right-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || ODI, T20I || {{cricon|USA}} 2025 || {{cricon|AFG}} 2026 ||
|}

==Coaching staff==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#CD1661; color:#DDC061; text-align:center; | Position
! style="background:#CD1661; color:#DDC061; text-align:center; | Name
|-
| Coach
| [[Lalchand Rajput]]
|-
| Assistant coach
| [[Mohammad Naveed]]
|-
| Analyst
| [[Mohammad Tauqir]]
|-
| Strength and conditioning coach
| [[Amjad Javed]]
|-
| Physiotherapist
| [[Sultan Ahmed (Emirati cricketer)|Sultan Ahmed]]
|-
| Physiotherapist
| [[Amir Hayat]]
|}

==Records and statistics==

'''International match summary – United Arab Emirates'''<ref name="ODI">{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/results_summary.html?class=2;id=27;type=team |title=Records /United Arab Emirates / One-Day Internationals / Result summary |publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=28 February 2024}}</ref><ref name="T20I">{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/results_summary.html?class=3;id=27;type=team |title=Records / United Arab Emirates / Twenty20 Internationals / Result summary |publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=27 September 2022}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 500px;"
|-
| colspan=7 align="center" | '''Playing Record'''
|-
! Format !! M !! W !! L !! T !! NR !! Inaugural match
|-
| align="left"| One-Day Internationals || 128 || 42 || 85 || 1 || 0 || 13 April 1994
|-
| align="left"| Twenty20 Internationals || 147 || 78 || 68 || 0 || 1 || 17 March 2014
|}
''Last updated 18 February 2026.''

===One-Day Internationals===
* Highest team total: 348/3 v. [[Namibia national cricket team|Namibia]] on 12 March 2022 at [[Sharjah Cricket Stadium]], Sharjah<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/uae/engine/records/team/highest_innings_totals.html?class=2;id=27;type=team|title=Records / United Arab Emirates / One-Day Internationals / Highest totals |website=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=8 September 2018}}</ref>
* Highest individual score: 151[[Not out|*]], [[Asif Khan (Emirati cricketer)|Asif Khan]] v. [[United States national cricket team|United States]] on 6 July 2023 at [[Takashinga Cricket Club]], Harare<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/uae/engine/records/batting/most_runs_innings.html?class=2;id=27;type=team|title=Records / United Arab Emirates / One-Day Internationals / High scores|access-date=8 September 2018}}</ref>
* Best individual bowling figures: 6/34, [[Zahoor Khan]] v. [[Ireland national cricket team|Ireland]] on 2 March 2017 at [[ICC Academy Ground|ICC Academy 1]], Dubai<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/uae/engine/records/bowling/best_figures_innings.html?class=2;id=27;type=team |title= Records / United Arab Emirates / One-Day Internationals / Best bowling figures |access-date=2 March 2017}}</ref>

{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
'''Most ODI runs for the United Arab Emirates'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?class=2;id=27;type=team| title=Records / United Arab Emirates / One-Day Internationals / Most runs | publisher=Cricinfo}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Player!!Runs!!Average!!Career span
|-
|[[Vriitya Aravind]] || 1,865 || 31.08 || 2019–2025
|-
|[[Muhammad Waseem (cricketer)|Muhammad Waseem]]|| 1,698 || 26.12 || 2022–2025
|-
|[[Rohan Mustafa]]|| 1,504 || 21.48 || 2014–2023
|-
|[[Asif Khan (Emirati cricketer)|Asif Khan]] || 1,270 || 38.48 || 2022–2025
|-
|[[Shaiman Anwar]]|| 1,219 || 31.25 || 2014–2019
|}
{{col-break}}

'''Most ODI wickets for the United Arab Emirates'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?class=2;id=27;type=team| title=Records / United Arab Emirates / One-Day Internationals / Most wickets | publisher=Cricinfo}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Player!!Wickets!!Average!!Career span
|-
|[[Zahoor Khan]]|| 93 || 25.86 || 2017–2024
|-
|[[Junaid Siddique (Emirati cricketer)|Junaid Siddique]]|| 86 || 28.67 || 2019–2025
|-
|[[Rohan Mustafa]]|| 85 || 33.29 || 2014–2023
|-
|[[Ahmed Raza (Emirati cricketer)|Ahmed Raza]]|| 64 || 30.06 || 2014–2022
|-
|[[Mohammad Naveed]]|| 53 || 33.15 || 2014–2019
|}
{{col-end}}

'''ODI record versus other nations'''<ref name="ODI" />

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 600px;"
|-
! Opponent !! M !! W !! L !! T !! NR !! First match !! First win
|-
| colspan="8" align="center" | '''v. Test nations'''
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|AFG}} || 6 || 3 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 2 May 2014 || 28 November 2014
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|BAN}} || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 24 June 2008 ||
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|ENG}} || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 18 February 1996 ||
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|IND}} || 3 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 13 April 1994 ||
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|IRE}} || 9 || 1 || 8 || 0 || 0 || 25 February 2015 || 8 January 2021
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|NZL}} || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 27 February 1996 ||
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|PAK}} || 3 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 17 April 1994 ||
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|RSA}} || 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 16 February 1996 ||
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|SRI}} || 3 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 17 July 2004 ||
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|WIN}} || 5 || 0 || 5 || 0 || 0 || 15 March 2015 ||
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|ZIM}} || 6 || 1 || 5 || 0 || 0 || 19 February 2015 || 22 March 2018
|-
| colspan="8" align="center" | '''v. Associate Members'''
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|CAN}} || 3 || 1 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 1 April 2023 || 1 April 2023
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|HK}} || 4 || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 4 May 2014 || 4 May 2014
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|JER}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 5 April 2023 || 5 April 2023
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|NAM}} || 9 || 7 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 6 January 2020 || 6 January 2020
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|NEP}} || 17 || 8 || 9 || 0 || 0 || 30 August 2018 || 30 August 2018
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|NED}} || 5 || 2 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 1 March 1996 || 1 March 1996
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|OMA}} || 10 || 3 || 6 || 1 || 0 || 5 January 2020 || 5 February 2022
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|PNG}} || 11 || 6 || 5 || 0 || 0 || 31 March 2017 || 31 March 2017
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|SCO}} || 17 || 5 || 12 || 0 || 0 || 1 February 2014 || 24 January 2017
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|USA}} || 11 || 2 || 9 || 0 || 0 || 8 December 2019 || 4 June 2022
|}
''Records complete to ODI #4925. Last updated 5 November 2025.''

===Twenty20 Internationals===
* Highest team total: 245/2 v. [[Namibia national cricket team|Namibia]] on 29 September 2024 at [[Wanderers Cricket Ground]], Windhoek<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/highest_innings_totals.html?class=3;id=27;type=team |title=Records / UAE / Twenty20 Internationals / Highest totals |publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=14 April 2017}}</ref>
* Highest individual score: 117[[Not out|*]], [[Shaiman Anwar]] v. [[Papua New Guinea national cricket team|Papua New Guinea]] on 14 April 2017 at [[Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium|Sheikh Zayed Stadium]], Abu Dhabi<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/uae/engine/records/batting/most_runs_innings.html?class=3;id=27;type=team|title=Cricket Records - Records - United Arab Emirates - Twenty20 Internationals - High scores - ESPNcricinfo|access-date=8 September 2018}}</ref>
* Best individual bowling figures: 5/19, [[Ahmed Raza (Emirati cricketer)|Ahmed Raza]] v. [[Nepal national cricket team|Nepal]] on 22 February 2022 at [[Oman Cricket Academy Ground|Oman Cricket Academy Ground Turf 1]], Muscat<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/uae/engine/records/bowling/best_figures_innings.html?class=3;id=27;type=team |title= United Arab Emirates – Records – Twenty20 Internationals / Best bowling figures in an innings |publisher= ESPNCricinfo |access-date=1 December 2015}}</ref>

{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
'''Most T20I runs for the United Arab Emirates'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?class=3;id=27;type=team| title=Records / United Arab Emirates / Twenty20 Internationals / Most runs | publisher=Cricinfo}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Player!!Runs!!Average!!Career span
|-
|[[Muhammad Waseem (cricketer)|Muhammad Waseem]] || 3,338 || 36.68 || 2021–2026
|-
|[[Alishan Sharafu]] || 1,816 || 32.42 || 2020–2026
|-
|[[Asif Khan (Emirati cricketer)|Asif Khan]] || 1,302 || 28.30 || 2023–2025
|-
|[[Vriitya Aravind]] || 1,052 || 27.68 || 2020–2024
|-
|[[Rohan Mustafa]] || 1,006 || 20.95 || 2014–2023
|}
{{col-break}}

'''Most T20I wickets for the United Arab Emirates'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?class=3;id=27;type=team| title=Records / United Arab Emirates / Twenty20 Internationals / Most wickets| publisher=Cricinfo}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Player!!Wickets!!Average!!Career span
|-
|[[Junaid Siddique (Emirati cricketer)|Junaid Siddique]] || 124 || 20.51 || 2019–2026
|-
|[[Zahoor Khan]] || 72 || 19.52 || 2017–2023
|-
|[[Rohan Mustafa]] || 61 || 21.03 || 2014–2023
|-
|[[Muhammad Jawadullah]] || 60 || 19.93 || 2020–2026
|-
|[[Ali Naseer]] || 51 || 20.03 || 2023–2024
|}
{{col-end}}

'''T20I record versus other nations'''<ref name="T20I" />

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 600px;"
|-
! Opponent !! M !! W !! L !! T !! NR !! First match !! First win
|-
| colspan="8" style="text-align:center;"| '''v. Test nations'''
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|AFG}} || 15 || 3 || 12 || 0 || 0 || 10 July 2015 || 19 February 2016
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|AUS}} || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 22 October 2018 ||
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|BAN}} || 6 || 2 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 26 February 2016 || 19 May 2025
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|IND}} || 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 3 March 2016 ||
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|IRE}} || 13 || 7 || 6 || 0 || 0 || 19 March 2014 || 16 February 2016
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|NZ}} || 4 || 1 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 17 August 2023 || 19 August 2023
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|PAK}} || 4 || 0 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 29 February 2016 ||
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|SA}} || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 18 February 2026 ||
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|SRI}} || 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 25 February 2016 ||
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|ZIM}} || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 21 March 2014 ||
|-
| colspan="8" style="text-align:center;"| '''v. Associate Members'''
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|BHR}} || 6 || 4 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 21 February 2022 || 30 October 2023
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|BHU}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 19 November 2024 || 19 November 2024
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|CAM}} || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 17 April 2024 || 17 April 2024
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|CAN}} || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 27 October 2019 || 27 October 2019
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|GER}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 19 February 2022 || 19 February 2022
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|HK}} || 6 || 4 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 21 February 2016 || 21 February 2016
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|IRN}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 23 February 2020 || 23 February 2020
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|JPN}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 16 October 2025 || 16 October 2025
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|JER}} || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 22 October 2019 ||
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|KEN}} || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 18 July 2025 || 18 July 2025
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|KUW}} || 8 || 7 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 24 February 2020 || 24 February 2020
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|MAS}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 10 October 2025 || 10 October 2025
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|NAM}} || 4 || 3 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 5 October 2021 || 20 October 2022
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|NEP}} || 11 || 5 || 6 || 0 || 0 || 31 January 2019 || 31 January 2019
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|NED}} || 9 || 4 || 5 || 0 || 0 || 17 March 2014 || 3 August 2019
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|NGA}} || 3 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 24 October 2019 || 24 October 2019
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|OMA}} || 12 || 6 || 6 || 0 || 0 || 22 November 2015 || 22 November 2015
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|PNG}} || 3 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 12 April 2017 || 12 April 2017
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|QAT}} || 5 || 5 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 26 February 2020 || 26 February 2020
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|SAM}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 15 October 2025 || 15 October 2025
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|SAU}} || 4 || 3 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 25 February 2020 || 25 February 2020
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|SCO}} || 6 || 2 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 9 July 2015 || 4 February 2016
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|SIN}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 22 August 2022 || 22 August 2022
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|THA}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 23 November 2024 || 23 November 2024
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|UGA}} || 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 19 July 2025 ||
|-
| align="left"| {{cr|USA}} || 4 || 2 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 15 March 2019 || 16 March 2019
|}
''Records complete to T20I #3721. Last updated 18 February 2026.''

==Other First-class Records==
===ICC Trophy===
* Highest team total: 330/9 v. [[Bermuda]], 27 February 1994 at [[Nairobi Club Ground]]<ref>[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Records/UnitedArabEmirates/Icct/Highest_Team_Totals_UnitedArabEmirates.html UAE totals of 200 and more in an innings in the ICC Trophy]{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080829211228/http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Records/UnitedArabEmirates/Icct/Highest_Team_Totals_UnitedArabEmirates.html |date=August 29, 2008 }} at CricketArchive</ref>
* Highest individual score: 126 [[not out]] by [[Azhar Saeed]], 25 February 1994 at [[Aga Khan Sports Club Ground]], Nairobi<ref>[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Records/UnitedArabEmirates/Icct/Highest_Player_Scores_UnitedArabEmirates.html Individual scores of 100 and more in an innings for UAE in the ICC Trophy] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018221531/http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Records/UnitedArabEmirates/Icct/Highest_Player_Scores_UnitedArabEmirates.html |date=October 18, 2012 }} at CricketArchive</ref>
* Best innings bowling: 5/32 by [[Ahmed Nadeem]] v. [[United States national cricket team|USA]], 1 July 2005 at [[The Meadow, Downpatrick]]<ref>[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Records/UnitedArabEmirates/Icct/Best_Innings_Bowling_UnitedArabEmirates.html Four or more wickets in an innings for UAE in the ICC Trophy] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007150330/http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Records/UnitedArabEmirates/Icct/Best_Innings_Bowling_UnitedArabEmirates.html |date=October 7, 2008 }} at CricketArchive</ref>

===Overall===
* Highest team total: 459/4 v. [[Brunei national cricket team|Brunei]],<ref name="EWC" /> 14 August 2006 at [[Kinrara Academy Oval]], Kuala Lumpur<ref name="BruUAE">[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/101/101567.html Scorecard] of Brunei v UAE, 14 August 2006 at CricketArchive</ref>
* Highest individual score: 213 not out by [[Arshad Ali (cricketer)|Arshad Ali]] v. Brunei,<ref name="EWC" /> 14 August 2006 at [[Kinrara Academy Oval]], Kuala Lumpur<ref name="BruUAE" />
* Best innings bowling: 9/74 by Ali Asad v. Nepal,<ref name="EWC" /> 25 March 2004 at Sharjah Cricket Association Stadium<ref>[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/79/79319.html Scorecard] of UAE v Nepal, 25 March 2004 at CricketArchive</ref>

==World records==
* Khurram Khan is the oldest player to score an ODI century as well as the oldest player to score his maiden ODI century (at the age of 43 years and 162 days).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/282995.html| title=Oldest player to score an ODI century| publisher=Cricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/284138.html| title=Oldest player to score his maiden ODI century| publisher=Cricinfo}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of United Arab Emirates ODI cricketers]]
* [[List of United Arab Emirates Twenty20 International cricketers]]
* [[United Arab Emirates national women's cricket team]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.emiratescricket.com/ Emirates Cricket Board] (Official website)
* [http://ilt20uae.com/ International League T20] (Official website)

{{National cricket teams}}
{{National sports teams of the United Arab Emirates}}

[[Category:Cricket in the United Arab Emirates]]
[[Category:National cricket teams]]
[[Category:National sports teams of the United Arab Emirates|Cricket]]
[[Category:United Arab Emirates in international cricket]]

Pahlavas

2026-02-13T08:50:43Z

StephanieCrowthe: small expanded intro for accuracy as per guidelines

{{Short description|Ethnic group mentioned in historic Indian texts}}
[[File:Mauryan head from Sarnath.jpg|thumb|Figure of a foreigner, found in [[Sarnath]]. This is a probable member of the West Asian Pahlava or Saka elite in the Gangetic plains during the Mauryan period.{{efn|According to Gupta (1980){{sfn|Gupta|1980|p=318}} this is a non-Indian face of a foreigner with a conical hat: "If there are a few faces which are non-Indian, such as one head from Sarnath with conical cap, they are due to the presence of the foreigners, their costumes, tastes and liking for portrait art and not their art styles."{{pb}}Regarding the [[Masarh lion]], Gupta (1980) says:{{sfn|Gupta|1980|p=122}} "This particular example of a foreign model gets added support from the male heads of foreigners from Patna city and Sarnath since they also prove beyond doubt that a section of the elite in the Gangetic Basin was of foreign origin. However, as noted earlier, this is an example of the late Mauryan period since this is not the type adopted in any Ashoka pillar. We are, therefore, visualizing a historical situation in India in which the West Asian influence on Indian art was felt more in the late Mauryan than in the early Mauryan period. The term West Asia in this context stands for Iran and Afghanistan, where the Sakas and Pahlavas had their base-camps for eastward movement. The prelude to future inroads of the Indo-Bactrians in India had after all started in the second century B.C.{{nbsp}}..." }}]]

The '''Pahlavas''' are a people mentioned in ancient Indian texts. According to Patrick Carnegy,<ref>{{multiref2|1={{cite book |page=4 |last1=Carnegy |first1=Patrick |title=Notes on the races tribes and castes inhabiting the province of Avadh ''[Oudh]''|date=1868 |publisher=Government of Oudh |location=Lucknow |quote=Native ethnologists{{nbsp}}... say that of the six remaining original races of which they take cognizance{{nbsp}}[...] that the Pahluv are probably those people who spoke Pahluvi or Pehlvi, a language of Persia{{nbsp}}... |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.5152/page/n8/mode/1up}}{{failed verification|date=May 2024|reason=No mention of "Sakah-Parthavah / Saka-Parthians", "4th century", "commerce", or "Vartika of Katyayana" in this text.}} |2={{cite book |last1=Carnegy |first1=Patrick |title=Notes on the Races, Tribes and Castes Inhabiting the Province of Avadh ''[Oudh]'' |date=1868 |publisher=Oudh Government Press |location=Lucknow |language=en |author-mask=0 |page=4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bqssAQAAMAAJ}}|3=See:}}
* {{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=M. R. |title=Geographical data in the early Purāṇas: A critical study |date=1972 |publisher=Punthi Pustak |location=Calcutta |oclc=736935 |lccn=72903450 |id=A revision of the author's thesis, University of Rajasthan, 1967}}
* {{cite book|chapter=Introduction |series=[[Sacred Books of the East]]|volume= XXV |title=The Laws of Manu, with extracts from seven commentaries |page=cxv |translator-last= Bühler |translator-first=Georg |translator-link=Georg Bühler |edition=1886}}
* Rapson, ''Coins of Ancient India'', p. 37, n. 2.</ref> a Raj-era ethnographer, the 4th-century BCE ''Vartika'' of [[Katyayana]] mentions the ''Sakah-Parthavah'', demonstrating an awareness of these Saka-Parthians, probably by way of commerce.<ref>V. S. Agarwala (1954). ''India as Known to Panini''. p.{{nbsp}}444</ref> Knowledge of the Pahlavas is distilled from the literary references in texts like the ''[[Manu Smriti]]'', various [[Puranas]], the ''[[Ramayana]]'', the {{lang|sa|[[Mahabharata]]}}, and the {{Transliteration|sa|[[Bṛhat Saṃhitā]]}}.

[[File:India 500 BCE.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Eastern border of the [[Achaemenid Empire]] and the kingdoms and cities of [[ancient India]] (circa 500 BCE), around the time of the [[Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley]]. {{sfn|Sen|1999|pp=116–117}}<ref name="Philip's Atlas of World History">[http://users.rowan.edu/~mcinneshin/101/wk05/images/NEWachaemexp.jpg Philip's Atlas of World History] (1999)</ref><ref name="Atlas of World History">{{cite book |last1=O'Brien |first1=Patrick Karl |title=Atlas of World History |date=2002 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780195219210 |page=43 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ffZy5tDjaUkC&pg=PA43 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="The Times Atlas of World History">{{cite book |last1=Barraclough |first1=Geoffrey |title=The Times Atlas of World History |date=1989 |publisher=Times Books |isbn=9780723009061 |page=79 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_IYYAQAAMAAJ |language=en}}</ref>]]

[[File:EpicIndia.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Pahlava kingdom alongside other locations of kingdoms and republics mentioned in the Indian epics or [[Bharata Khanda]]]]

==In Puranic texts==
Pahlavas are referenced in various Puranic texts such as {{lang|sa|[[Vayu Purana]]}}, the {{lang|sa|[[Brahmanda Purana]]}}, the ''Markandeya Purana'', the {{lang|sa|[[Matsya Purana]]}}, and the {{lang|sa|[[Vamana Purana]]}}.

[[Kirfel]]'s list of [[Uttarapatha]] countries of the ''Bhuvanakosha'' locates the Pahlavas along with the [[Tocharians]] (or [[Tushara]]s), [[Chinas]], Angalaukikas, Barbaras, [[Kambojas]], [[Daradas]], Bahlikas and other countries of the "Udichya" (Sanskrit: "northern") division of ancient India:{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}
{{Poem quote|text=''ete desha udichyastu''
Kambojashchaiva Dardashchaiva Barbarashcha Angaukikah
Chinashchaiva Tusharashcha '''Pahlava'''dhayata narah
|source=From Kirfel's text of ''Bhuvanakosha''}}

The ''Vayu Purana'', {{lang|sa|[[Brahmanda Purana]]}} and several other Puranas mention the Pahlavas with the tribes of Uttarapatha or north-west. The 6th-century CE text {{lang|sa|[[Markandeya Purana]]}}{{efn-lg|''[[Markandeya Purana]]'' 57.35.}} lists the Pahlavas, Kambojas, Daradas, Bahlikas, Barbaras, Tusharas, Paradas, Chinas, Lampakas, as the countries of Udichya division (Uttarapatha). However, the 58th chapter of the ''Markandeya Purana'' also refers to yet other settlements of the Pahlavas and the Kambojas and locates them both specifically in the south-west of India as neighbors to the [[Sindhu]], [[Sauvira]] and Anarta (north [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]]) countries. The 6th-century {{Transliteration|sa|Bṛhat Saṃhitā}} of [[Varāhamihira]] also locates the Pahlavas and [[Kambojas|Kamboja]] kingdoms in south-west India, around [[Gujarat]]-Saurashtra.{{sfn|Singh|1972|pp=134–135}}

Puranas like ''Vayu'' also state that the [[Uttarapatha]] (Udichyas) including the Pahlavas, Paradas, Gandharas, Sakas, Yavanas, Tusharas, Kambojas, Khasas, Lampakas, Madhyadesis, Vindhyas, Aprantas, Dakshinatyas, Dravidas, Pulindas, Simhalas, would be proceeded against and annihilated by Kalki in ''[[Kali Yuga]]''. And they are stated to have been annihilated by king Pramiti at the end of Kali age as per [[Puranic]] evidence.

According to ''Vayu Purana'' and ''Matsya Purana'', the river Chakshu ([[Oxus]] or [[Amu Darya]]) flowed through the countries of Pahlavas, [[Tusharas]], Lampakas, [[Parada kingdom|Parada]]s and the [[Sakas]].{{efn-lg|''[[Vayu Purana]]'' I.58.78-83}}

===''Pānca Ganahas'' or five hordes===
Puranas associate the Pahlavas with the Kambojas, Sakas, Yavanas and [[Paradas]] and brands them together as ''Panca-ganah'' (five hordes). These five hordes were military allies of the Haihaya or Taljunga Kshatriyas of [[Yadava]] line and were chiefly responsible for dethroning king Bahu of Kosala.

Later, king Sagara, son of king Bahu, was able to defeat the Haihayas or Taljungas together with these five-hordes. According to Puranic accounts, king Sagara had divested the Paradas and other members (the Sakas, Yavanas, Kambojas and Pahlavas) of the well-known Pānca-gana of their Kshatriyahood and turned them into the Mlechchas. Before their defeat at the hands of king Sagara, these five-hordes were called Kshatriya-pungava ('foremost among the Kshatriyas').

==In the ''Ramayana'' and ''Mahabharata''==
The Balakanda of the {{Transliteration|sa|[[Ramayana]]}} groups the Pahlavas with the Sakas, Kambojas, Yavanas, Mlechhas and the [[Kiratas]] and refers to them as military allies of [[Wise old man|sage]] [[Vasishtha]] against Vedic sage king [[Vishwamitra]].{{efn-lg|''Ramayana'', 55/2-3}}

The {{lang|sa|[[Ramayana#Kiṣkindhā Kāṇda|Kiṣkindhā Kāṇda]]}} of the ''Ramayana'' associates the Pahlavas with the [[Yavana]]s, [[Shakas]], [[Kambojas]], [[Parada kingdom|Paradas]] (Varadas), [[Rishikas]] and the [[Uttarakuru]]s, and locates them all in the trans-[[Himalayas|Himalayan]] territories, that is, in the Sakadvipa.{{efn-lg|{{lang|sa|{{slink|Ramayana|Kiṣkindhā Kāṇda}}}}, 43-12.}}

{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction =horizontal
| header=Figurines of foreigners in Mathura
| total_width=350
| caption_align = center
| image1 = Ethnic Head - Circa 2nd Century BCE - Showcase 18-11 - Prehistory and Terracotta Gallery - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-24 6365.JPG
| caption1 = "Ethnic head", [[Mathura]], c. 2nd century BCE. [[Mathura Museum]].<ref name="AV141">{{cite book |last1=Vishnu |first1=Asha |title=Material Life of Northern India: Based on an Archaeological Study, 3rd Century B.C. to 1st Century B.C. |date=1993 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=9788170994107 |page=141 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zaJ5oyrqBakC&pg=PA141 |language=en}}</ref>
| image2 = Persian Nobleman Clad in Coat Dupatta Trouser and Turban - Circa 2nd Century BCE - Showcase 18-11 - Prehistory and Terracotta Gallery - Government Museum - Mathura.jpg
| caption2 = "Persian Nobleman clad in coat dupatta trouser and turban", Mathura, c. 2nd Century BCE. [[Mathura Museum]].<ref name="AV141"/>
| footer=
}}

===The ''Uttarapatha''===
''[[Mahabharata]]'' attests that Pandava-putra [[Nakula]] had defeated the Pahlavas in the course of his western expedition. The kings of Pahlava were also present at the [[Rajasuya]] sacrifice of king [[Yudhishtra]].

The ''Mahabharata'' also associates the Pahlavas with the [[Sakas]], [[Yavanas]], [[Gandhara]]s, [[Kambojas]], [[Tusharas]], Sabaras, Barbaras, and addresses them all as the barbaric tribes of [[Uttarapatha]].

===The ''Udyoga-Parva''===
But the Udyoga-Parva of ''Mahabharata'' groups the Pahlavas with the [[Sakas]], [[Parada kingdom|Paradas]] and the [[Kambojas]]-[[Rishikas]] and locates them all in or around Anupa region in western India.

''Mahabharata''{{efn-lg|''Mahabharata'' 5.4.15}} reads: These kings of the Shakas, Pahlavas and Daradas (i.e. the Paradas) and the Kamboja Rshikas, these are in the western riverine (Anupa) area.

This epic reference implies that sections of the Pahlavas, Sakas, Paradas, Kambojas were also located in western India near [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]]-[[Maharashtra]].

===The Kurukshetra War===

The Pahlavas along with the Sakas, Kiratas, Yavanas, amongst others, joined Saradwat's son Kripacharya, the high-souled and mighty bowman, and took up their positions at the northern point of the army.{{efn-lg|''Mahabharata'' [[Bhishma Parva]], Ch. 20.}}{{efn|Since the armies of the Sakas, Yavanas, Tukharas, Khasas, Daradas had fought under the supreme command of Sudakshin Kamboja,<ref>F. E. Pargiter (1908). "The Nations of India at the Battle Between the Pandavas and Kauravas", ''Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland''. pp. 313, 331 (Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland).</ref> it is highly likely that the Pahlavas too fought under Sudakshina Kamboj.}}

==In other texts==
===''Manusmriti''===
The ''[[Manusmriti]]''{{efn-lg|''[[Manu-samhita]]'', X.43-44}} states that the Pahlavas and several other tribes like the [[Saka|Sakas]], [[Yavana|Yavanas]], [[Kambojas]], [[Parada kingdom|Paradas]], [[Darada kingdom|Daradas]], [[Khasas]] were originally noble Kshatriyas, but later, due to their non-observance of valorous Kshatriya codes and neglect of chivalry, they had gradually sunken to the status of Mlechchas.

===The ''Mudrarakshasa'' drama===
The [[Buddhist]] drama [[Mudrarakshasa]] by [[Vishakhadatta|Visakhadutta]] and the [[Jain]]a works [[Parishishtaparvan]] refer to [[Chandragupta Maurya|Chandragupta]]'s alliance with [[Himalayas|Himalayan]] king Parvatka. This Himalayan alliance gave Chandragupta a powerful composite army made up of the frontier martial tribes of the [[Shakas]], [[Kambojas]], [[Yavanas]], Pahlavas, Bahlikas, which he utilized to expanded his [[Mauryan Empire]] in northern India.{{efn-lg|[[Mudrarakshasa]], II}}

===''Brihat-Katha-Manjari''===
The {{lang|sa|Brihat-Katha-Manjari}} of [[Kshmendra]]{{efn-lg|''Brihat-Katha-Manjari'' 10/1/285-86{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} }} relates that around 400, the Gupta king Vikramaditya ([[Chandragupta II]]) had "unburdened the sacred earth of the barbarians" like the Shakas, Mlecchas, Kambojas, Yavanas, Tusharas, Parasikas, Hunas, by annihilating these "unrighteous people" completely.

===''Kavyamimamsa''===
The 10th century Kavyamimamsa{{efn|In Chapter 17}} of Pt Raj Shekhar still lists the Sakas, Tusharas, Vokanas, Hunas, Kambojas, Bahlikas, Pahlavas, Tangana, Turukshas, together and states them as the tribes located in the [[Uttarapatha]] division.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}

==See also==
* [[Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

===Ancient texts cited===
{{HistoryOfSouthAsia}}
{{notelist-lg}}

===References===
{{reflist}}

===Sources===
* {{cite book |last1=Gupta |first1=Swarajya Prakash |author-link=Swaraj Prakash Gupta|title=The Roots of Indian Art: A Detailed Study of the Formative Period of Indian Art and Architecture, Third and Second Centuries B.C., Mauryan and Late Mauryan |year=1980 |publisher=B.R. Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-0-391-02172-3 |pages=88, 122 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0lDqAAAAMAAJ |language=en}}
* {{cite book |last1=Sen |first1=Sailendra Nath |title=Ancient Indian History and Civilization |date=1999 |publisher=New Age International |isbn=9788122411980 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA116}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pahlavas, The}}
[[Category:Exotic tribes in Hindu scripture]]

Anasuya Sengupta (actress)

2026-02-10T14:03:04Z

StephanieCrowthe: creating new article...

{{Short description|Indian-Bengali actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Anasuya Sengupta
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], India
| occupation = Actress
| yearsactive = 2009–present
|alma_mater = [[Jadavpur University]]
| works =
| spouse = Cdr Yashdeep Sharma
| father = Himadri Sengupta
| awards = Best Performance in [[Un Certain Regard Award]] (2024)
| website =
}}
'''Anasuya Sengupta''' is an Indian actress and production designer. She has established a career in the film industry, as well as winning the ''Performance Awards'' in the ''[[Un Certain Regard|Un Certain Regard Award]]'' category at the [[2024 Cannes Film Festival]].<ref name="festival-cannes"/>

== Early life ==
Sengupta was born and brought up in a [[Bengalis|Bengali]] family in [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]].{{citation needed|date=March 2025}} She obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in [[English literature]] from [[Jadavpur University]], but wanted to establish herself as a journalist.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |first2= |date=2024-05-27 |title=Who is Anasuya Gupta, who created history by winning Best Actress Award at Cannes 2024? |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/news/who-is-anasuya-gupta-who-created-history-by-winning-best-actress-award-at-cannes-2024-2024-05-27-933615 |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=বৌদ্ধায়ন মুখোপাধ্যায় |title=কান-এ অনসূয়ার জয় দেখে মনে হচ্ছে |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/bauddhayan-mukherji-shares-his-thoughts-after-anasuya-sengupta-won-best-actress-award-in-77th-cannes-film-festival-dgtl/cid/1519397}}</ref>

== Career ==
Anasuya Sengupta gained widespread recognition for her performance in ''The Shameless'' (2024). In addition to her work in film, she has been actively involved in theatre and production design, having started her career with ''[[Madly Bangalee]]'', directed by [[Anjan Dutt]] and worked as a director's assistant to Claire McCarthy for ''[[The Waiting City]]'' that same year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2024/film/asia/un-certain-regard-best-actress-anasuya-sengupta-cannes-1236017437/|title=Anasuya Sengupta on Her Cannes Un Certain Regard Best Actress Triumph: 'I Went for a Film Festival and Came Back the Darling of the Nation' (EXCLUSIVE)|work=Variety|first=Naman|last=Ramachandran|date=29 May 2024}}</ref> Over the years, she has expanded her presence beyond acting, appearing on the cover of ''Harper's Magazine'' and walking the ramp at Lakmé Fashion Week for designer Sameer Madan. She was also featured on an Amul billboard and has been recognized with accolades from [[Chéries-Chéris|Cheries Cheris]] and Plurielles.{{citation needed|date=April 2025}}

== Awards ==
Sengupta won the ''Performance Awards'' in the ''Un Certain Regard Award'' category of the Cannes Film Festival, making her the first Indian actress to achieve this honor. She won the award for her performance in ''[[The Shameless (2024 film)|The Shameless]]'' (2024).<ref name="festival-cannes">{{cite web |title=Un Certain Regard Winners List 2024 |url=https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/press/press-releases/un-certain-regard-winners-list-2024/ |website=Festival de Cannes |access-date=25 May 2024 |date=24 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-05-25 |title=Anasuya Sengupta makes history as the first Indian actress to win Best Actress at Cannes 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/anasuya-sengupta-makes-history-as-the-first-indian-actress-to-win-best-actress-at-cannes-2024/articleshow/110416945.cms |access-date=2025-04-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3530360/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0_tt_0_nm_8_in_0_q_anasuya%2520sengupta Anasuya Sengupta] at [[IMDb]]
* [https://www.instagram.com/cup_o_t/ Anusuya Sengupta] on [[Instagram]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sengupta, Anasuya}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Actresses in Bengali cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Jadavpur University alumni]]
[[Category:Bengali actresses]]
[[Category:People from West Bengal]]
[[Category:1986 births]]

International Institute of Information Technology, Bhubaneswar

2026-01-31T12:21:47Z

StephanieCrowthe: updated details

{{short description|Public technical institute in Odisha, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox university
| name = International Institute of Information Technology, Bhubaneswar
| image = [[File:IIIT Bhubaneswar Logo.png|200px]]
| motto = Imagine, Innovate, Inspire
| established = {{Start date and age|2006}}
| type = [[Public university|Public technical university (Not-for-profit and self-sustaining)]]
| chairman = Anu Garg, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| director = Dr. Ashish Ghosh ''(I/C)''
| undergrad =
| postgrad =
| doctoral =
| city = [[Bhubaneswar]]
| state = [[Odisha]]
| country = India
| coor = {{coord|20.2949|85.7437|type:edu_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| campus = 36 acres
| website = {{url|https://www.iiit-bh.ac.in/}}
}}
{{Distinguish|IIT Bhubaneswar}}
'''International Institute of Information Technology, Bhubaneswar''' ('''IIIT-BH''') is a state university located in [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Odisha]], India. It was established in 2006 under the IIIT Act of 2004 by the [[Government of Odisha]].

The institute offers undergraduate and postgraduate programs in the fields of [[Information technology|Information Technology]], [[Electrical engineering|Electrical and Electronics]], [[Electronics and Communication]], [[Computer engineering|Computer Engineering]], and [[Computer science|Computer Science]]. MTech and PhD programs are also available in Computer Science and Electronics and Communication. The institute is a unitary technical university recognised by the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] (India).

The campus is located in Gothapatna, Bhubaneswar, and is spread over 36 acres of land. It houses classrooms, laboratories, a library, separate hostels for boys and girls, faculty living quarters, sports facilities, and an auditorium.

==History==
IIIT Bhubaneswar was initiated by the [[Government of Odisha]] and registered as a society in 2006,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=IIIT Bhubaneswar |url=https://www.iiit-bh.ac.in/ |access-date=2023-03-31 |website=www.iiit-bh.ac.in |language=en-US}}</ref> with the goal of providing quality technical education in the field of Information Technology. The institute started operating in September 2007<ref name=":0" /> with the first batch of undergraduate students.On 9th Oct 2009 Chief minister [[Naveen Patnaik]] officially inaugurated the newly constructed campus of Institute.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Patnaik |first=Nageshwar |date=9 Oct 2009 |title=Orissa CM inaugurates IIIT |work=[[The Economic Times]] Oct 09, 2009, 08:04 PM IST |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/education/orissa-cm-inaugurates-iiit/articleshow/5106963.cms?from=mdr |access-date=9 Oct 2009}}</ref>

The institute owes its origins to the private initiative of the Government of Odisha, which recognized the need for a technical university that could provide quality education in the field of Information Technology. In 2005, the then President of India, [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam|Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam]], laid the foundation stone for the institute.

The institute is also recognized as a [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] (India) (UGC) recognised Unitary Technical University.

==Academics==
===Academic programmes ===
The institute offers [[undergraduate]] and [[postgraduate]] programmes. Undergraduate programs award [[BTech]] in [[information technology]] and areas of [[Electrical and Electronics]], [[Electronics and Communication]], information Technology and [[computer science]]. [[MTech]] and [[PhD]] programmes are available in computer science and electronics and communication.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.iiit-bh.ac.in/academics |title=Academics — IIIT Bhubaneswar |work=iiit-bh.ac.in|access-date=8 September 2011}}</ref> The institute is a [[University Grants Commission (India)]] recognised Unitary Technical University.

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Universities in Odisha}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhubaneswar, International Institute of Information Technology}}
[[Category:Engineering colleges in Odisha]]
[[Category:Science and technology in Bhubaneswar]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 2006]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Bhubaneswar]]
[[Category:Colleges affiliated with Biju Patnaik University of Technology]]
[[Category:2006 establishments in Orissa]]

Soham Swami

2026-01-18T11:11:07Z

StephanieCrowthe: Content updated and refined

{{Short description|Indian philosopher}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2023}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox Hindu leader
| name = Soham Swami
| image = Tiger_swami.JPG
| caption = Swami in 1904
| religion = Hinduism
| birth_name = Shyamakanta Bandyopadhyay
| birth_date = 1858
| birth_place = Dhaka, [[Bengal]], British India
| death_date = 6 December 1918
| death_place = [[Nainital]], [[United Provinces of British India]]
| order =
| guru = Tibbetibaba
| disciples = [[Niralamba Swami]]
| philosophy = [[Advaita Vedanta]]
| signature =
}}

'''Soham Swami''' was a Hindu [[guru]] and [[yogi]] from India.

The Indian nationalist [[Jatindra Nath Banerjee]] became his disciple in [[Nainital]] and received from him the name Niralamba Swami.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Heehs |first1=Peter |author1-link=Peter Heehs |title=The bomb in Bengal: the rise of revolutionary terrorism in India, 1900 - 1910 |year=1993 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=62 |isbn=0-19-563350-4}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1920 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century Hindu religious leaders]]
[[Category:20th-century Hindu religious leaders]]
[[Category:Advaitin philosophers]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:Indian Hindu spiritual teachers]]
[[Category:Indian Hindu monks]]
[[Category:Indian yogis]]
[[Category:Tibbetibaba]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]

Mysore Ananthaswamy

2026-01-07T23:53:35Z

StephanieCrowthe: updated details

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Mysore Ananthaswamy
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| image_upright =
| image_size =
| landscape = 
| alt =
| caption =
| background = solo_singer
| birth_name =
| alias =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1936|10|25|df=yes}}<ref name=kanaja>{{cite web |last1=Calendar |first1=The Events |title=ಮೈಸೂರು ಅನಂತಸ್ವಾಮಿ |url=http://kanaja.in/?tribe_events=%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81-%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF |website=ಕಣಜ |access-date=19 August 2019}}</ref>
| birth_place =
| origin =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1995|1|9|1936|10|25}}<ref name=kanaja/>
| death_place = [[Bengaluru]]<ref name=dataindia/>
| genre = [[Sugama Sangeetha]]<ref name=kanaja/>
| occupation = Singer, Music composer
| instrument = [[Harmonium]], [[Mandolin]]<ref name=thehindu/>
| years_active = 
| label =
| website = 
| module =
| module2 =
| module3 =
}}

'''Mysore Ananthaswamy''' was one of the pioneers of Kannada Bhavageethe in Karnataka.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/Govt-Favours-Ananthaswamys-Naada-Geethe/2015/09/15/article3028963.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120055156/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/Govt-Favours-Ananthaswamys-Naada-Geethe/2015/09/15/article3028963.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 November 2015 |title=Govt Favours Ananthaswamy's Naada Geethe |publisher=The New Indian Express |date=2015-09-15 |access-date=2016-12-05}}</ref> He was a very popular composer and singer of [[Kannada]] [[Bhavageete|Sugama Sangeetha]]. He composed music for several [[poem]]s and bhavageethe written by well-known Kannada poets like [[Kuvempu]], [[K. S. Nissar Ahmed]], N S Lakshminarayana Bhatta and others. Some of his songs includes 'Jogada Siri Belakinali', [[Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate]], O Nanna Chetana, Tanuvu Ninnade Manavu Ninnade, Ede Tumbi Haadidenu etc....<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2022-09-23 |title='Naada Geete' to be sung in the tune composed by Mysore Anantaswamy |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/naada-geete-to-be-sung-in-the-tune-composed-by-mysore-anantaswamy/article65926715.ece |access-date=2023-03-08 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> At a young age, Ananthaswamy played [[Mandolin]] that he purchased for 25 rupees. Later, he switched to [[Harmonium]] due to difficulty in fine tuning the Mandolin.<ref name=thehindu>{{cite news |last1=Kambanna |first1=Manasa |title=A mandolin meet |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/a-mandolin-meet/article26454992.ece |access-date=11 August 2019 |work=The Hindu |date=7 March 2019 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

Ananthaswamy composed music to the state anthem of Karnataka, [[Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate]] in 1960.<ref name=":0" /> He once sang his composition in front of [[Kuvempu]] who is the writer of the anthem at [[Maharaja's College, Mysore|Maharaja College]] in Mysore. A note in Ananthaswamy's diary says [[Kuvempu]] was delighted by his tune and approved his tune, adding a suggestion that it should be sung in a group. Several committees have recommended the tune composed by Ananthaswamy to be recognized as the official tune of the Karnataka state anthem.
His 'Ede tumbi haadidenu', 'Tanuvu ninnade manavu ninnade', 'O nanna Chetana' are Masterpieces.
It would be remembered even after 100 years.
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/metrolife/how-state-anthem-lost-its-tune-705416.html|title=EXCLUSIVE {{!}} How state anthem lost its tune|date=2018-11-28|website=Deccan Herald|language=en|access-date=2019-09-09}}</ref>

==Discography==
This is a partial list of notable compositions by Mysore Ananthaswamy

* [[Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate]]
* Jogada Siri Belakinali
* Ede Tumbi Haadidenu
* O Nanna Chetana

==Awards and honors==
He was awarded with Karnataka Sangeeta Nritya Academy award and [[Rajyotsava Award]].<ref name=kanaja/>

==Death==
Mysore Ananthaswamy died of cancer on 9 January 1995 in [[Bengaluru]].<ref name=dataindia>{{cite book |title=Data India |date=1995 |publisher=Press Institute of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AYVDAAAAYAAJ&q=mysore+ananthaswamy+death |access-date=11 August 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=kanaja/> He was survived by his Wife Shanta Ananthaswamy, son [[Raju Ananthaswamy]] and three daughters.

== See also ==
[[Kuvempu]]

[[K. S. Narasimhaswamy|K S Narasimha Swamy]]

[[K. S. Nissar Ahmed|K. S. Nisar Ahamed]]

[[H. S. Venkateshamurthy]]

[[Raju Ananthaswamy]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ananthaswamy, Mysore}}
[[Category:Kannada people]]
[[Category:Kannada-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Singers from Mysore]]
[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:1995 deaths]]

Reshma Rathod

2026-01-05T22:14:33Z

StephanieCrowthe: Started details

{{Short description|Indian kho kho player}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}

'''Reshma Subhash Rathod''' (born 31 December 2001)<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://kheloindia.gov.in/uploads/Khelo%20India%20Athletes.pdf | title=List of Khelo India Athletes - Serial number 160 | website=kheloindia.gov.in | access-date=17 March 2025 | archive-date=15 May 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250515205637/https://kheloindia.gov.in/uploads/Khelo%20India%20Athletes.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> is an Indian kho kho player from [[Maharashtra]]. She plays for the [[India women's national kho kho team]] as an allrounder.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kho Kho Federation of India (KKFI) - KKFI Official Website |url=https://khokhofederation.in/world-cup-team-matches/?id=2 |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=Kho Kho Federation |language=en-US}}</ref> She was part of the Indian women’s team that won the inaugural [[Kho Kho World Cup]] held at [[New Delhi]] in January 2025.

== Early life and education ==
Rathod is from [[Badlapur]] village, [[Thane district]], Maharashtra. Her father Subhash Rathod is a truck driver and her mother, Ghanubai, is a housewife.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2025-01-22 |title=Mitti to mat: How Badlapur woman became 'best defender' in Kho Kho World Cup |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/mitti-to-mat-how-badlapur-woman-became-best-defender-in-kho-kho-wc/articleshow/117435250.cms |access-date=2025-03-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> She is the youngest of five siblings. She did her graduation at Ulhasnagar's SST College of Arts and Commerce. In 2010, she started playing kho kho while studying Class 5. In 2024, she bagged a government job at [[Nashik]] in sports quota.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Rathod was part of the Indian women's team that won the first [[Kho Kho World Cup]] at [[New Delhi]] in January 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=IANS |date=2025-01-15 |title=Kho Kho World Cup: Indian women make history with 157-point rout of South Korea |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/sports/kho-kho-world-cup-indian-women-make-history-with-157-point-rout-of-south-korea-1503386655.html |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=The Statesman |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Krishnan |first=Vivek |date=2025-01-09 |title=Waikar to lead Indian men's team in Kho Kho WC |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/waikar-to-lead-indian-mens-team-in-kho-kho-wc/article69081262.ece |access-date=2025-03-11 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The Indian team defeated [[South Korea]], [[IR Iran]] and [[Malaysia]] in the group stages, [[Bangladesh]] in quarterfinals and [[South Africa]] in semifinals.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 January 2025 |title=India women's Kho Kho Team coach confident of gold in World Cup |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/others/india-womens-kho-kho-team-coach-confident-of-gold-in-world-cup20250117235608/ |access-date=2025-03-12 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref> They defeated [[Nepal men's national kho kho team|Nepal]] 78-40 in the final.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Indian Women create history at Kho Kho World Cup 2025 with commanding victory over rivals Nepal to secure coveted trophy |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sports/indian-women-create-history-at-kho-kho-world-cup-2025-with-commanding-victory-over-rivals-nepal-to-secure-coveted-trophy/ |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Livemint |date=2025-01-19 |title=Indian women win first-ever Kho Kho World Cup 2025; PM Modi hails 'historic' victory {{!}} Mint |url=https://www.livemint.com/sports/indian-women-win-first-ever-kho-kho-world-cup-2025-pm-modi-hails-historic-victory-11737302241435.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250201155957/https://www.livemint.com/sports/indian-women-win-first-ever-kho-kho-world-cup-2025-pm-modi-hails-historic-victory-11737302241435.html |archive-date=1 February 2025 |access-date=2025-03-09 |work=mint |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref>

She first represented Maharashtra in a big tournament, the Under 14 National tournament in Maharashtra when she was in Class 8, where she wore shoes in a match for the first time and played on a mat. Later on, she received [[Khelo India]] scholarship of Rs.10,000 per month for five years, which helped her family and supported her in the sport.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://sportsauthorityofindia.nic.in/sai/assets/news/1630991012_Circular%20Retained%20KIA%20Kho%20Kho.pdf | title=Circular | website=sportsauthorityofindia.nic.in | date=2020-07-23}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rathod, Reshma}}
[[Category:2001 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Kho kho players]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:People from Thane district]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]

C. Kipili Sangtam

2025-12-29T14:07:10Z

StephanieCrowthe: new new stub initial version

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}

'''C. Kipili Sangtam''' (born 1951)<ref name=":0" /> is an Indian politician from [[Nagaland]]. He is a four-time [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] from the [[Seyochung–Sitimi Assembly constituency|Seyochung Sitimi Assembly constituency]], which is reserved for [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]], in [[Kiphire district|Kiphire District]]. He won the [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]], representing National People's Party.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2 March 2023 |title=Cabinet Minister Kashiho Sangtam (BJP) loses to ex-Power Minister Kipili Sangtam in Nagaland Assembly Elections |url=https://nagalandtribune.in/cabinet-minister-kashiho-sangtam-bjp-loses-to-ex-power-minister-kipili-sangtam-in-nagaland-assembly-elections/ |access-date=6 November 2024 |website=Nagaland Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2023 |title=Nagaland Election Results 2023: Check full list of constituency-wise winners |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/nagaland-assembly-election-results-2023-check-full-list-of-constituency-wise-winners-2341587-2023-03-02 |access-date=6 November 2024 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Sangtam is from [[Seyochung]], Kiphire District, Nagaland. He is the son of Chorise Sangtam. He studied Class 8 at the Government High School, Kiphire and passed the examination conducted by the [[Nagaland Board of School Education]] in 1974.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=C. Kipili Sangtam(NPP):Constituency- SEYOCHUNG SITIMI (ST)(KIPHIRE) – Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://myneta.info/Nagaland2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=6828 |access-date=6 November 2024 |website=myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Sangtam first became an MLA winning the [[2003 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]] representing [[Nationalist Democratic Movement]] for the [[Seyochung–Sitimi Assembly constituency|Seyochung Sitimi Assembly constituency]]. In 2003, he defeated his closest rival, S. Sethricho Sangtam of the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC), by a margin of 5536 votes. He retained the seat in the 2008 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election as an independent candidate.

Sangtam won the same seat for the third time on [[Naga People's Front]] ticket in the 2013 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election. He polled 12507 votes which was 3399 more votes than his nearest rival, Tsasepi Sangtam of the INC.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Alam |first=J. |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/12th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2013.pdf |title=Report on the General Election to the 12th Nagaland Legislative Assembly, 2013 |date=2013 |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland |location=Kohima |publication-date=2013 |pages=44 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125124535/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/12th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2013.pdf |archive-date=25 November 2022}}</ref> However, he lost to Kashiho Sangtam of the BJP, in the [[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]] by a margin of 1162 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nagaland Election: Seyochung–Sitimi Assembly constituency result 2023 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/acno59-acno59.html |access-date=6 November 2024 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> In 2023, the former minister won for a fourth term.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ABP news Bureau |first=ABP News |date=2 March 2023 |title=Nagaland Elections Result 2023 Winners List Live: Check The Full List Of Winners |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/nagaland-election-results-2023-winners-live-updates-nagaland-results-complete-winners-name-list-bjp-npf-jd-npp-ndpp-1585557 |access-date=6 November 2024 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

Sangtam was elected from the Seyochung Sitimi Assembly constituency in the 2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election, representing the [[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]]. He polled 11,936 votes and defeated his nearest rival and sitting MLA, [[V. Kashiho Sangtam]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], by a margin of 930 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=C. Kipili Sangtam in Nagaland Assembly Elections 2023 |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2023/nagaland/c-kipili-sangtam-seyochung-sitimi-candidate-s17a059c003/ |access-date=6 November 2024 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2023 |title=Nagaland Election Results 2023: Full List of Winners |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/nagaland-election-results-2023-full-list-of-winners/2997494/ |access-date=6 November 2024 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sangtam, C. Kipili}}

[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:National People's Party (India) politicians]]
[[Category:People from Kiphire district]]
[[Category:National Democratic Movement (India) politicians]]
[[Category:Nagaland MLAs 2003–2008]]
[[Category:Nagaland MLAs 2008–2013]]
[[Category:Nagaland MLAs 2013–2018]]
[[Category:Nagaland MLAs 2023–2028]]

Song of the Soil

2025-12-17T16:56:37Z

StephanieCrowthe: done

{{Short description|2018 novel by Chuden Kabimo}}
{{Infobox book
| name = Song of the soil
| author = Chuden Kabimo
| language = [[Nepali language|Nepali]]
| country = [[India]], [[Nepal]]
| genre = Historical fiction
| published = 2019
| publisher = {{plainlist|
*FinePrint Publication (Nepal, Nepali and English)
*Sambodhan Publication (India, Nepali)
*Rachna Books (India, English)
*Balestier Press (UK, English)
*Monfakira (India, Bengali)
*Vani Prakashan (India, Hindi)
}}
| isbn =
| pub_date =
| media_type = Print ([[paperback]])
| image = Faatsung-cover.jpg
| pages = 150
| title_orig = Faatsung ({{lang|ne|फातसुङ}})
| orig_lang_code =
| preceded_by = 1986
| caption = First edition (Nepali)
| alt = Cover page of the original Nepali edition
}}

'''''Song of the Soil''''' (Original title: '''''Faatsung'''''; {{langx|ne|फातसुङ}}) is a 2019 [[Nepali language|Nepali]] novel by [[Chuden Kabimo]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Faatsung – A Saga of the Soil|url=https://www.sikkimexpress.com/faatsung--a-saga-of-the-soil|access-date=2021-10-27|website=Sikkimexpress|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=12 books to read this summer|url=https://kathmandupost.com/books/2019/06/15/12-books-to-read-this-summer|access-date=2021-10-06|website=kathmandupost.com|language=English}}</ref> The novel is based on the [[Gorkhaland movement]] revolution that took place during 1980s in the northern part of [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=गोर्खाल्यान्ड आन्दोलनको उपन्यास 'फातसुङ' सार्वजनिक |url=https://www.setopati.com/art/art-activity/178232/ |access-date=2021-10-06 |website=Setopati |language=ne}}</ref> The Nepali edition of the novel was initially published in 2019 by FinePrint Publication in [[Nepal]] and Sambodhan Publication in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Republica |title='Faatsung' addressing Gorkhaland conflict launches |url=https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/62803/ |access-date=2021-10-06 |website=My City |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=कान्तिपुर संवाददाता |date=2019-04-06 |title=गोर्खाल्यान्डबारे 'फातसुङ' |url=https://ekantipur.com/literature/2019/04/06/155452039535442856.html |website=eKantipur |language=ne}}</ref>

Kabimo, a writer from [[Kalimpong district]], is the winner of the [[List of Yuva Puraskar winners for Nepali|Yuva Puraskar for Nepali language 2018]] for ''1986''—a short story collection centering around the Gorkhaland movement issue.<ref>{{Cite web|title=..:: SAHITYA Akademi - Yuva Puraskar ::..|url=https://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/yuva_samman_suchi.jsp|access-date=2021-10-06|website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref>

== Synopsis ==
The original title ''Faatsung'' translates to 'story of the soil' In [[Lepcha language]]. Kabimo belongs to the [[Lepcha people|Lepcha community]], an ethnic group indigenous to [[Province No. 1|eastern Nepal]], [[Darjeeling]], [[Kalimpong district|Kalimpong]] and [[Sikkim]] region. The story revolves around the friendship of an unnamed narrator with his friend Norden, on the backdrop of the movement.

One day, the narrator receives the news Norden's death in a recent earthquake and decides to go back to his hometown in rural part of Nepali speaking region of West Bengal. As the narrator is going back to his hometown, he recalls his childhood with his friend. The narrator and Norden are studying in a primary school, when one day Norden decides to go find his lost father, Ripden. The narrator and Norden then run away from their village to another village named Lolay, where they have heard Ripden's friend lived. During the search of Ripden, they come across a man called Nasim, who tell them the story of Ripden and his involvement in the Gorkhaland movement of 1986.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Taylor |first=Marissa |title=The song and the soil - The Record |url=https://www.recordnepal.com/the-song-and-the-soil |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=The Record |language=en-GB}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Charisma K. Lepcha in her review of the Nepali edition for [[Harvard–Yenching Institute]] wrote, “Written in a Darjeelingay style of Nepali, Kabimu’s voice is fresh and modern bringing back poignant memories of an era gone by.”<ref>{{Cite web |title=Faatsung |url=https://www.harvard-yenching.org/research/faatsung/ |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=Harvard-Yenching Institute |language=en}}</ref> Chitra Ahanthem in her review for ''[[Scroll.in]]'' of the English translation praised the book for its political and personal intimacy saying, “...it breathes an intimacy into fiction that is both political and personal.”.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ahanthem |first=Chitra |title='Song of the Soil' channels the aborted political movement for Gorkhaland through fiction |url=https://scroll.in/article/1021487/song-of-the-soil-channels-the-aborted-political-movement-for-gorkhaland-through-fiction |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=Scroll.in |date=10 April 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref> ''East Mojo'', a digital news media platform focusing in the [[Northeast India|Northeast region of India]], gave the book four stars (out of five) for its story and 4.5 stars for the translation, in its review of the English translation.<ref>{{Cite web |last=EastMojo |first=Team |date=2021-10-28 |title=Book Review: 'Song of the Soil' readers will end up saying 'Baaf Re! |url=https://www.eastmojo.com/review/2021/10/28/book-review-song-of-the-soil-readers-will-end-up-saying-baaf-re/ |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=EastMojo |language=en-US}}</ref>

The book was shortlisted for [[Madan Puraskar]], 2075 [[Bikram Sambat|BS]] ({{Circa|2018-2019}}), an prestigious award of [[Nepali literature]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-07-11|title=मदन पुरस्कारको उत्कृष्ट सात सार्वजनिक|work=[[Kantipur (daily)]]|url=https://epaper.ekantipur.com/kantipur/2019-07-11/province5|access-date=2021-10-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Republica|title=Seven books nominated for Madan Puraskar|url=https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/69262/|access-date=2021-10-06|website=My City|language=en}}</ref>

The English translation of the novel was shortlisted for the [[JCB Prize]], 2022. The shortlist was announced on 21 October 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hindi, Urdu, Nepali Books Debut on JCB Prize Shortlist {{sic|Comprising|hide=y}} Entirely of Translations |url=https://thewire.in/books/jcb-prize-2022-shortlist |access-date=2022-10-23 |website=The Wire}}</ref> In 3 September 2022, it was longlisted for JCB Prize, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-03 |title=JCB Prize for Literature announces 2022's longlist of 10 'incredible' books |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/books-and-literature/the-jcb-prize-for-literature-announces-2022s-longlist-of-10-incredible-books-8128473/ |access-date=2022-09-03 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> It is the first–ever book, originally written in Nepali language, to be listed for the award.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Scroll Staff |title=JCB Prize for Literature 2022: Six translations (two from Urdu) feature in the longlist of 10 novels |url=https://scroll.in/article/1031939/jcb-prize-for-literature-2022-six-translations-two-from-urdu-feature-in-the-longlist-of-10-novels |access-date=2022-09-03 |website=Scroll.in |date=3 September 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='फातसुङ'को अंग्रेजी संस्करण भारतको जेसीबी पुरस्कारको सूचीमा |url=https://ekagaj.com/article/literature/113007/?v=1 |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=ekagaj |language=ne}}</ref>

== Translations ==
The novel was translated into [[Bengali language|Bengali]], with the same title as the original Nepali edition, by Samik Chakraborty, in October 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2020-02-05 |title=ফাৎসুঙ্ : মাটির মরমী কথা। |url=https://www.groundxero.in/2020/02/05/fatgsung-tale-of-the-soil-of-darjeeling/ |access-date=2021-10-06 |website=Groundxero |language=bn}}</ref>

In October 2021,the English translation of the novel was published. The book was translated by Ajit Baral and was published by FinePrint Publication in Nepal, Rachna Books in India and Balestier Press in the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Republica |title=English translation of novel 'Fatsung' released |url=https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/120096/ |access-date=2021-10-27 |website=My City |language=en}}</ref>

The Hindi edition of the novel, titled as ''Faatsung—Kahaani Mitti Ki'', was published in February 2023 by Vani Prakashan, India. The novel was translated from Nepali to Hindi by Namrata Chaturvedi, an English literature professor at [[Zakir Husain Delhi College]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Novel from hills goes places |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/novel-from-hills-goes-places/cid/1846368 |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref>

== See also ==

* ''[[Karnali Blues]]''
* ''[[Basain]]''

== References ==
<references>
https://bukant.com/shop/nepali/upanyash/faatsung/
</references>{{Nepali literature|state=collapsed}}
__FORCETOC__

[[Category:2019 Indian novels]]
[[Category:Indian historical novels]]
[[Category:Nepali-language novels]]
[[Category:2019 Nepalese novels]]
[[Category:Novels set in West Bengal]]

Mukesh Chandrakar

2025-12-10T18:47:41Z

StephanieCrowthe:

{{Short description|Indian journalist (1991–2025)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mukesh Chandrakar
| image = Mukesh Chandrakar.jpeg
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1991|07|04}}
| birth_place = [[Bijapur district, Chhattisgarh]], India
| death_date = {{circa}} {{death date and age|df=y|2025|01|01|1991|07|04}}
| death_place = [[Bijapur district, Chhattisgarh|Bijapur district]], [[Chhattisgarh]], India
| occupation = Investigative journalist
| known_for = Investigative journalism
| relatives = Yukesh Chandrakar (elder brother)
}}

'''Mukesh Chandrakar''' (04 July 1991 – {{circa}} 1 January 2025) was an Indian journalist from the state of [[Chhattisgarh]]. He was murdered after doing an investigative report that exposed irregularities in a road development project.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ellis-Petersen |first=Hannah |date=6 January 2025 |title=Indian press groups call for investigation after journalist's body found in septic tank |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jan/06/indian-journalist-mukesh-chandrakar-body-found-in-septic-tank-ntwnfb |access-date=6 January 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Mollan |first1=Cherylann |title=Mukesh Chandrakar: Journalist's murder highlights risks of reporting in small-town India |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0q0jg4kk27o |work=www.bbc.com |publisher=bbc news}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Chhattisgarh journalist Mukesh Chandrakar's murder: accused sent to 14-day judicial custody |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/chhattisgarh-journalist-mukesh-chandrakar-murder-judicial-custody-9767596/ |website=The Indian Express |language=en |date=8 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Sharma |first1=Supriya |title=The murder of a journalist and the forgotten Maoist war in Bastar |url=https://scroll.in/article/1077830/the-murder-of-a-journalist-and-the-forgotten-maoist-war-in-bastar |website=Scroll.in |language=en |date=13 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Lavish wedding, 17-room bungalow — 'mastermind' in journalist Mukesh Chandrakar's murder rose through ranks, helped by govt contracts |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/rise-and-fall-of-suresh-chandrakar-key-accused-in-chhattisgarh-journalist-mukesh-chandrakars-murder-9773890/ |website=The Indian Express |language=en |date=13 January 2025}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Mukesh Chandrakar was born in Basaguda in [[Bijapur district, Chhattisgarh]]. His father Chenna Chandrakar died when Mukesh was just 1 year old and his mother Kaushalya Chandrakar, was an [[anganwadi]] worker. His family was displaced by the [[Naxalite–Maoist insurgency|naxal violence]] and moved to a government shelter in Bijapur. After his father died, he and his elder brother Yukesh were brought up by their mother. In 2013, she died of cancer.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=6 January 2025 |title=From liquor seller and bike mechanic to a journalist with thriving YouTube channel, Mukesh Chandrakar's story was one of perseverance |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/chhattisgarh-journalist-mukesh-chandrakar-career-trajectory-youtube-mechanic-9762362/ |access-date=6 January 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Mukesh completed his school education from [[Dantewada district|Dantewada.]] Yukesh worked as a [[Freelancer|freelance journalist]] which inspired him to take up the role himself.

== Career as journalist ==
During his career, Chandrakar worked for several news channels like Sahara Samay, [[Network18 Group|Nework18 Group]] and [[NDTV]]. He also had a [[YouTube]] channel called Bastar Junction.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Mayank |date=2025-01-10 |title='Nicknamed JNU, paid the price for exposing truth'. Bijapur journalists remember Mukesh Chandrakar |url=https://theprint.in/india/nicknamed-jnu-paid-the-price-for-exposing-truth-bijapur-journalists-remember-mukesh-chandrakar/2439195/ |access-date=2025-01-10 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=6 January 2025 |title=From liquor seller and bike mechanic to a journalist with thriving YouTube channel, Mukesh Chandrakar's story was one of perseverance |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/chhattisgarh-journalist-mukesh-chandrakar-career-trajectory-youtube-mechanic-9762362/ |access-date=6 January 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> In 2021, Mukesh was among a group of seven journalists who helped security forces negotiate with Maoists to release a [[Commando Battalion for Resolute Action|CoBRA]] gendarme captured in Tekalguda.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Naveen |date=6 January 2025 |title=Chhattisgarh journalist Mukesh Chandrakar murder case: Main accused Suresh Chandrakar taken into custody by SIT in Hyderabad. |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/chhattisgarh/chhattisgarh-journalist-murder-case-main-accused-suresh-chandrakar-taken-into-custody-by-sit/article69066874.ece |access-date=6 January 2025 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Murder and investigation==
Mukesh did a report that came out in ''NDTV'' on 25 December 2024 highlighting the poor condition of a road in Bijapur, after which the government initiated an inquiry. The contractor for this road was Mukesh’s cousin Suresh Chandrakar.<ref name=":0" /> Mukesh was last seen on the evening of 1 January. His elder brother Yukesh filed a missing person report with the police the following day. Based on mobile tracking, police located Mukesh’s body inside a septic tank on the property of contractor Suresh Chandrakar in Chattanpara Basti on 3 January under mysterious circumstances in [[Bastar district]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Body of missing Indian journalist found in septic tank |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/clygl0rjy2no |date=3 January 2025 |website=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 January 2025 |title=Chhattisgarh journalist's body found in septic tank, day after brother reported him missing |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/chhattisgarh-journalist-mukesh-chandrakar-death-9758686/ |access-date=6 January 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> According to a post-mortem report, Chandrakar was attacked with a heavy object and suffered severe injuries to his head, chest, back, and stomach. His body was identified through a tattoo on his hand.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Key Accused In Chhattisgarh Journalist's Murder Arrested In Hyderabad |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/mukesh-chandrakar-suresh-chandrakar-key-accused-in-chhattisgarhs-journalist-murder-case-arrested-from-hyderabad-7408822 |access-date=6 January 2025 |website=www.ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref>

The state government formed an 11-member Special Investigation Team (SIT), led by Mayank Gurjar, an IPS officer.

Three persons, including two of Chandrakar's relatives, have been arrested in the case. While his cousin, Ritesh Chandrakar, was arrested from Raipur airport, Mahendra Ramteke, a supervisor, and Dinesh Chandrakar, another relative of the victim, were taken into custody from Bijapur.

== Aftermath ==
The Press Association and the [[Editors Guild of India]] condemned the incident and urged the Chhattisgarh government to take steps to protect journalists, particularly those involved in field reporting and investigative journalism.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prime Accused In Chhattisgarh Journalist Mukesh Chandrakar's Death Taken to Custody |url=https://thewire.in/media/prime-accused-in-chhattisgarh-journalist-mukesh-chandrakars-death-taken-to-custody |access-date=6 January 2025 |website=The Wire |language=en}}</ref>

Editors Guild released a letter stating it was a matter of grave concern. "The young journalist's death is a matter of grave concern as it raises suspicion of foul play," the letter read.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prime Accused In Chhattisgarh Journalist Mukesh Chandrakar's Death Taken to Custody |url=https://thewire.in/media/prime-accused-in-chhattisgarh-journalist-mukesh-chandrakars-death-taken-to-custody |access-date=6 January 2025 |website=The Wire |language=en}}</ref>

Deputy Chief Minister [[Vijay Sharma (politician)|Vijay Sharma]], also the state’s home minister, alleged that the main accused, Suresh Chandrakar, is affiliated with the [[Indian National Congress]] and questioned the party's links to recent criminal cases. Congress, however, countered with claims that Suresh was inducted into the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] recently, and demanded that Sharma release the CCTV footage from Chandrakar's visit to Sharma's CM residence days before the murder.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Rishabh |title=Chhattisgarh journalist killed after report on corruption: All we know |url=https://www.business-standard.com/india-news/chhattisgarh-journalist-mukesh-chandrakar-killed-corruption-contractor-125010500373_1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250105170640/https://www.business-standard.com/india-news/chhattisgarh-journalist-mukesh-chandrakar-killed-corruption-contractor-125010500373_1.html |archive-date=5 January 2025 |access-date=6 January 2025 |website=Business Standard |language=en-US}}</ref>

Chhattisgarh CM [[Vishnu Deo Sai]] announced ₹10 lakh aid to the murdered journalist's family on January 14, 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2025-01-14 |title=Chhattisgarh CM announces ₹10 lakh aid to murdered journalist's family |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/chhattisgarh/chhattisgarh-cm-announces-10-lakh-aid-to-murdered-journalists-family/article69098627.ece |access-date=2025-03-18 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

On March 18, 2025, A charge sheet was filed against four accused, including a construction contractor, in journalist Mukesh Chandrakar’s murder case in a court in Chhattisgarh’s Bijapur district. The charge sheet named contractor Suresh Chandrakar, Ritesh Chandrakar, Dinesh Chandrakar, and Mahendra Ramteke. The accused are charged under sections 103 (murder), 238 (Causing disappearance of evidence of offence, or giving false information to screen offender), 61 (criminal conspiracy), 250 (Taking gift, etc., to screen an offender from punishment) of the [[Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita]] (BNS).<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2025-03-18 |title=Bastar journalist murder: Charge sheet filed against contractor and three others |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/chhattisgarh/chhattisgarh-journalist-murder-charge-sheet-filed-against-contractor-and-three-others/article69345069.ece |access-date=2025-03-18 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Corruption in India]]
* [[Freedom of the press in India]]
* [[List of journalists killed in India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chandrakar, Mukesh}}
[[Category:1993 births]]
[[Category:2025 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian investigative journalists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Journalists from Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:People murdered in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Murdered Indian journalists]]

Thiruvalangadu, Mayiladuthurai

2025-12-02T13:44:09Z

StephanieCrowthe:

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
[[File:Cauvery Bridge Thiruvalangadu.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Bridge on the Cauvery River connecting Thiruvalangadu with [[Bhaskararajapuram]]]]
[[File:Appayya Dikshitar samadhi.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Samadhi]] of Advaitic savant [[Appayya Dikshitar]] at Thiruvalangadu]]

'''Thiruvalangadu''' is a town in [[Kuthalam taluk]] of [[Mayiladuthurai district]].<ref name="thiruvalangadu">{{cite web|title=Revenue Villages in Kuthalam taluk|url=http://tnmaps.tn.nic.in/pr_villages.php?dc=19&tlkname=Kutthalam&region=0008&lvl=taluk&size=1200|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu}}</ref> It is situated on the [[Mayiladuthurai]]-[[Kumbakonam]] road. It is situated between [[Maruthuvakudi|Aduthurai]] and [[Kuthalam]] at a distance of about 25 kilometres from Kumbakonam and 13 kilometres from Mayiladuthurai.

The ''[[samadhi]]'' of ''[[Advaita]]'' scholar [[Appayya Dikshitar]] is situated on the banks of the [[Kaveri River]] adjoining [[Bhaskararajapuram]].

Thiruvalangadu is situated in Bank of Cavery.

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Tamil Nadu}}

{{Mayiladuthurai-geo-stub}}{{Mayiladuthurai district}}
[[Category:Cities and towns in Mayiladuthurai district]]

Shreya Narayan

2025-11-25T07:29:03Z

StephanieCrowthe: added references

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Shreya Narayan
| image = ShreyaNarayan ta a Short Film Festival.jpg
| caption = Narayan at ''I Am'' National Award bash
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth based on age as of date|26|2011|10|24}}<ref name="intoday"/>
| birth_place = [[Muzaffarpur]], [[Bihar]], [[India]]
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| othername = Shreya Narayan
| occupation = Actress, writer
| years_active = 2009–present
| spouse =
| domesticpartner =
| website =
}}

'''Shreya Narayan''' is an Indian film and television actress and a writer.<ref name="intoday">{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/eyecatchers/story/20111024-shreya-narayan-in-saheb-biwi-aur-gangster-748027-2011-10-15 |title=Newbie Shreya Narayan rocks Sahib Biwi aur Gangster : EYECATCHERS|work=India Today |access-date=9 February 2014}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-05 |title=Dr. Rajendra Prasad's Great-Granddaughter, Shreya Narayan, to Take Up 'Part-Time Job' |url=https://www.oneworldnews.com/entertainment/dr-rajendra-prasads-great-granddaughter-shreya-narayan-to-take-up-part-time-job/ |access-date=2024-06-12 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Career==

Shreya also wrote a 3 part article on the "An Economic Model of Bollywood" for the ''Indian Economist''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Films-----Shelf Life 3 Days, Status Flop, Corporate Returns 100 Crores. |url=http://theindianeconomist.com/films-shelf-life-3-days-status-flop-corporate-returns-100-crores-part-1/ |website=The Indian Economist |access-date=25 January 2016 |language=en-US |archive-date=4 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604065055/http://theindianeconomist.com/films-shelf-life-3-days-status-flop-corporate-returns-100-crores-part-1/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=An economic model of Bollywood – Part 2 – The Indian Economist |url=http://theindianeconomist.com/an-economic-model-of-bollywood-part-2/ |website=The Indian Economist |access-date=25 January 2016 |language=en-US |archive-date=3 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160503141645/http://theindianeconomist.com/an-economic-model-of-bollywood-part-2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Films-----Shelf Life 3 Days, Status Flop, Corporate Returns 100 Crores. |url=http://theindianeconomist.com/films-shelf-life-3-days-status-flop-corporate-returns-100-crores-part-3/ |website=The Indian Economist |access-date=25 January 2016 |language=en-US |archive-date=10 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410083325/http://theindianeconomist.com/films-shelf-life-3-days-status-flop-corporate-returns-100-crores-part-3/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Film==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 2009|| ''[[Eik Dastak]]''|| ||
|-
| 2010|| ''[[Knock Out (2010 film)|Knock Out]]''|| ||
|-
| 2010|| ''[[Kuch Kariye]]''|| Ankita Sharma ||
|-
| 2010|| ''[[Raajneeti]]''|| Cameo as Journalist ||
|-
| 2011|| ''[[Tanu Weds Manu]]''|| Guest appearance ||
|-
| 2011|| ''[[Saheb Biwi Aur Gangster]]''|| Mahua ||
|-
| 2011|| ''[[Rockstar (2011 film)|Rockstar]]''|| Jordan's sister-in-law ||
|-
| 2012|| ''[[Prem Mayee]]''|| Payal ||
|-
| 2014|| ''[[Samrat & Co.]]''|| Divya Singh ||
|-
| 2014|| ''[[Super Nani]]''|| Astha ||
|-
| 2016|| ''[[Laal Rang]]''|| Neelam ||
|-
| 2020|| ''[[Yaara]]''|| Tanuja || Released on [[ZEE5]]
|-
| 2022|| ''[[Murder at Koh e Fiza]]''|| Kangana || Released on [[Shemaroo]]<ref name=":0" />
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name | id=3753075| name = Shreya Narayan }}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Narayanan, Shreya}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Madurai]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian women comedians]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:People from Muzaffarpur]]
[[Category:Indian women television presenters]]
[[Category:Indian television presenters]]

Pranayraj Vangari

2025-10-13T02:58:27Z

StephanieCrowthe: Started new data

{{Short description|Film Maker, Theatre Artiste, Researcher and Telugu Wikipedia Admin}}
{{Resume-like|date=March 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Pranayraj Vangari
| image = Telugu Wikipedian Pranayraj (cropped).jpg
| caption = Vangari in 2013
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = [[Mothkur]], [[Yadadri Bhuvanagiri]], [[Telangana]]
| known = {{Ubl | Theatre Research Scholar || [[Telugu Wikipedia]] Administrator}}
| education = 
| occupation =
| employer = 
| alma_mater = 
| years_active = {{Ubl
| Telugu Theatre and Cinema (2009 - Present)
| [[Telugu Wikipedia]] (8 March 2013 - Present)
}}
| spouse = 
}}

'''Pranayraj Vangari''' is a [[Telugu theatre]] research scholar<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://epaper.sakshi.com/1141300/Yadadri-District/20-03-2017#page/18/2 |title=ప్రణయ్ రాజ్ కు ఉగాది పురస్కారం |access-date=1 August 2020 |archive-date=22 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322180716/http://epaper.sakshi.com/1141300/Yadadri-District/20-03-2017#page/18/2 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and Telugu Wikipedia Administrator.<ref name="కళా..పాప్‌కార్న్..">{{cite news |last1=ఆంధ్రజ్యోతి |first1=సాహిత్య వార్తలు |title=కళా..పాప్‌కార్న్.. |url=http://lit.andhrajyothy.com/sahityanews/kala-popcorn-7733 |access-date=30 November 2018 |date=9 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130184923/http://lit.andhrajyothy.com/sahityanews/kala-popcorn-7733 |archive-date=30 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://telugu.oneindia.com/sahiti/general/dawat-stage-play-golden-treshold-179113.html |title=గోల్డెన్ త్రెషోల్డ్ లో "దావత్" |access-date=2017-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160615141034/http://telugu.oneindia.com/sahiti/general/dawat-stage-play-golden-treshold-179113.html |archive-date=2016-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> With a concept name ''WikiVatsaram'' ({{Translation|Wiki Year}}), he has written 365 new articles on Wikipedia in 365 days in a row. He is the first person to achieve this credit in the world.<ref name="రోజుకో వ్యాసం... ఏడాది యజ్ఞం!">{{cite news|last1=ఈనాడు| first1= ఆదివారం అనుబంధం సంచిక|title=రోజుకో వ్యాసం... ఏడాది యజ్ఞం!|url=http://www.eenadu.net/magazines/sunday-magazine/sunday-magazineinner.aspx?catfullstory=16749 |access-date=17 September 2018|date=15 October 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171015051625/http://www.eenadu.net/magazines/sunday-magazine/sunday-magazineinner.aspx?catfullstory=16749| archive-date=15 October 2017}}</ref><ref name="వికీ వ్యాసాల ప్రణయ్">{{cite news|last1=నమస్తే తెలంగాణ|first1=జిందగీ న్యూస్|title=వికీ వ్యాసాల ప్రణయ్|url=https://www.ntnews.com/Zindagi/వికీ-వ్యాసాల-ప్రణయ్-7-2-420557.aspx|access-date=4 October 2017|date=19 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919025615/https://www.ntnews.com/zindagi/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80-%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2-%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8D-7-2-420557.aspx|archive-date=19 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="వికీపీడియాలో తెలుగు వెలుగు">{{cite news|last1=ఈనాడు|first1=ప్రత్యేక కథనాలు|title=వికీపీడియాలో తెలుగు వెలుగు|url=http://www.eenadu.net/district/inner.aspx?dsname=Yadadri&info=ydr-sty4|access-date=4 October 2017|date= 18 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918074347/http://www.eenadu.net/district/inner.aspx?dsname=Yadadri&info=ydr-sty4|archive-date=2017-09-18}}</ref><ref name="Pranayraj Vangari has written a new Wikipedia article every day for the last year">{{cite web|last1=వికీమీడియా బ్లాగ్|first1=COMMUNITY, PROFILES, WIKIPEDIA|title=Pranayraj Vangari has written a new Wikipedia article every day for the last year|url= https://blog.wikimedia.org/2017/09/07/pranayraj-wikiyear-challenge/|website=blog.wikimedia.org|date=7 September 2017 |access-date=4 October 2017}}</ref><ref name="Pranay Raj Vangari: A guy from Hyderabad created World Record in Wikipedia">{{cite web|last1=inspiretelangana|title=Pranay Raj Vangari: A guy from Hyderabad created World Record in Wikipedia|url=http://inspiretelangana.org/pranay-raj-vangari-guy-hyderabad-created-world-record-wikipedia/|website=inspiretelangana.org|access-date=4 October 2017|archive-date=4 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004075821/http://inspiretelangana.org/pranay-raj-vangari-guy-hyderabad-created-world-record-wikipedia/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Continuing that trend, he completed 1000 articles in 1000 days as of June 4, 2019. Now he completed 1500 articles in 1500 days as of October 17, 2020.

== Birth ==
Pranayraj was born in [[Mothkur]], [[Yadadri Bhuvanagiri|Yadadri Bhuvanagari district]] in a weavers family. According to Pranayraj, his father is an admirer of films and his mother used to sing [[Bathukamma]] songs among others which attracted him towards [[the arts]]. He started listening to songs on the [[radio]] and practiced singing movie songs from lyrics books. Then he started performing in his school events, [[Ganesh Chaturthi|Vinayaka Chavithi]] celebrations and marriage ceremonies in his home town.<ref name="వికీపీడియానే.. ప్రణయ్‌ రాజ్యం!">{{cite news |last1=నమస్తే తెలంగాణ |first1=లైఫ్ స్టోరి (బతుకమ్మ ఆదివారం సంచిక) |title=వికీపీడియానే.. ప్రణయ్‌ రాజ్యం! |url=https://www.ntnews.com/sunday/2020-07-12-55519 |access-date=13 July 2020 |work=ntnews |publisher=దాయి శ్రీశైలం |date=12 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713071332/https://www.ntnews.com/sunday/2020-07-12-55519 |archive-date=13 July 2020 |language=te}}</ref>

[[File:Pranay with Jimmy Walesin Wikimania 2016.jpg|thumb|Pranayraj with Wikipedia co-founder [[Jimmy Wales]] in [[Esino Lario]] in [[Italy]] in Wikimania 2016]]

== Theatre ==
Pranayraj participated in Tifli International Theatre Festival for Children and Young Audience, in [[New Delhi]] during February 17–23, 2014. On March 20, he established Popcorn Theatre with the performance of ''Amma Cheppina Katha'' in [[Golden Threshold]], [[Abids]], Hyderabad by collaborating with some of his friends who are also working in Telugu Theatre. Through the Popcorn Theatre, he is working to attract Children and Youth towards Theatre.<ref name="కళా.. పాప్‌కార్న్">{{cite news|last1=ఆంధ్రజ్యోతి|title=కళా.. పాప్‌కార్న్|url=http://epaper.andhrajyothy.com/c/18165262 |access-date=29 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130185529/https://epaper.andhrajyothy.com/c/18165262|archive-date=30 November 2018}}</ref>

== Contributions in Telugu Wikipedia ==
* Acted as General Secretary for 10th Anniversary Celebrations in 2014 hosted in [[Vijayawada]] and 11th Anniversary Celebration in 2015 hosted in [[Tirupati (urban) mandal|Tirupathi]].<ref name="More online free content in Telugu Wikipedia soon">{{cite news |last1=The Hindu |first1=Andhra Pradesh - Thirupathi |title=More online free content in Telugu Wikipedia soon |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/more-online-free-content-in-telugu-wikipedia-soon/article6899802.ece |access-date=7 May 2019 |publisher=A.D. Rangarajan |date=16 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507195159/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/more-online-free-content-in-telugu-wikipedia-soon/article6899802.ece |archive-date=7 May 2019}}</ref><ref>[http://telugu.oneindia.com/feature/general/youth-special-telugu-wikipedia-man-pranay-179439.html యూత్ స్పెషల్ : అది అతనికో మిషన్]</ref>
* Campaigning about Telugu Wikipedia through various mediums to reach it to everyone. Recognizing Pranayraj's contributions, [[Wikimedia Foundation]] invited him to Wikipedia International Conference [[Wikimania#2016|Wikimania 2016]] held in Italy.<ref>కంప్యూటర్ ఫర్ యు పత్రిక - ఏప్రిల్ 2016 - 37వ పుట</ref>
* Pranayraj completed 100 days – 100 Wiki articles challenge happening in various languages of Wikipedia worldwide. During 8 September 2016 – 16 December 2016 he had written 100 wiki articles.<ref>[http://cis-india.org/a2k/blogs/pranay-raj-record-in-100-days-100-articles ప్రణయ్ రాజ్ ను సన్మానిస్తున్న హరికృష్ణ]</ref><ref name="జ్ఞానా భాండాగారం తెలుగు వికీపీడియా">{{cite news|last1=వెబ్ ఆర్కైవ్|title=జ్ఞానా భాండాగారం తెలుగు వికీపీడియా|url=http://epaper.andhrajyothy.com/c/21729866|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830115456/http://epaper.andhrajyothy.com/c/21729866|access-date=30 August 2017|archive-date=2017-08-30}}</ref>
* He became the first wikipedian in the world by writing 365 wiki articles in 365 days under ''WikiVastaram'' concept.<ref name="వికీపీడియాలో మోత్కూరు వాసి ప్రపంచ రికార్డు">{{cite news|last1=వి6 న్యూస్|first1=వార్తలు » రాష్ట్రీయ వార్తలు|title=వికీపీడియాలో మోత్కూరు వాసి ప్రపంచ రికార్డు|url=http://telugu.v6news.tv/వికీపీడియాలో-మోత్కూరు-వా|access-date=4 October 2017|date=September 8, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910203110/http://telugu.v6news.tv/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B-%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81-%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE|archive-date=10 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Starting on 8 September 2016, writing a wiki article every day, he completed ''WikiVastaram'' on 7 September 2017.<ref name="KTR congratulates Telugu Wikipedia Volunteer">{{cite news|last1=telanganatoday|title=KTR congratulates Telugu Wikipedia Volunteer|url=https://telanganatoday.com/ktr-congratulates-telugu-wikipedia-volunteer|access-date=4 October 2017|date=12 September 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121233215/https://telanganatoday.com/ktr-congratulates-telugu-wikipedia-volunteer|archive-date=2019-01-21 }}</ref>
* On 4 June 2019, he completed 1000 days - 1000 Wiki Articles.<ref name="వికీపీడియాలో వెయ్యి రోజుల్లో వెయ్యి వ్యాసాలు">{{cite news |last1=ఈనాడు |first1=తెలంగాణ |title=వికీపీడియాలో వెయ్యి రోజుల్లో వెయ్యి వ్యాసాలు |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telangana/statenews/2019/06/06/128330/ |access-date=13 June 2019 |date=6 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606022340/https://www.eenadu.net/telangana/statenews/2019/06/06/128330/ |archive-date=6 June 2019}}</ref><ref name="వికీపీడియలో రికార్డు సృష్టించిన మోత్కూర్ యువకుడు">{{cite news |last1=మన తెలంగాణ |first1=తెలంగాణ |title=వికీపీడియలో రికార్డు సృష్టించిన మోత్కూర్ యువకుడు |url=http://manatelangana.news/pranayraj-vangari-has-written-1000-articles-in-wikipedia/ |access-date=13 June 2019 |date=6 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607120404/http://manatelangana.news/pranayraj-vangari-has-written-1000-articles-in-wikipedia/ |archive-date=7 June 2019}}</ref>
{{Clear}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Pranayraj Vangari}}
* {{IMDb name|14266117}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QgsqE2Few0M Face to Face with Pranayraj in Etv Yuva Programme]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7oGUQ0ISuW0 Telugu guy to Wikimania in 10Tv News Video]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QrmhVFzM4MU Face to Face with Pranayraj in ABN Andhrajothi Channel]
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1DcG29OVwKkClKKdyNm9Wt-TyHh35Oyuc/view?usp=sharing Telugu Wikipedia Contributors (Telugu Velugu Magazine)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20161002210913/http://10tv.in/Nalgonda-Boy-Pranay-Raj-Selects-for-Wikimania-2016-50330 Telugu guy to Wikimania 10Tv News Website - June 17, 2016 (Archived)]
* [http://tools.wmflabs.org/xtools/pages/?user=Pranayraj1985&project=te.wikipedia.org&namespace=0&redirects=noredirects Pranayraj's wiki articles on Telugu Wikipedia]
* [[c:Special:ListFiles/Pranayraj1985|Files uploaded to Wikimedia Commons by Pranayraj]]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vangari, Pranayraj}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Wikipedia people]]
[[Category:Indian Wikimedians]]
[[Category:1985 births]]
[[Category:Telugu writers]]
[[Category:Telugu male actors]]
[[Category:Telugu-language dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Telugu-language writers]]
[[Category:Male actors from Telangana]]
[[Category:Male actors from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Writers from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Writers from Telangana]]

Rokonicha Kuotsü

2025-10-12T12:24:57Z

StephanieCrowthe: Started a post

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Family name hatnote|Kuotsü|lang=Angami}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}

{{Infobox officeholder
| birth_date = 1946
| birth_place = Tsepama
| death_date = 17 April 2019
}}

'''Rokonicha Kuotsü''' (1946 – 2019) was an Indian politician from [[Nagaland]]. He served as the Minister of State for Local Self Government and Wastelands in the Nagaland state government.<ref name="nic">{{Cite web |url=http://nagaland.nic.in/minister/rokonicha.htm |title=Bio – Data Of Shri Rokonicha |access-date=4 April 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605065430/http://nagaland.nic.in/minister/rokonicha.htm |archive-date=5 June 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

== Early life ==
Rokonicha was born in 1946 at Tsepama village.<ref name="nic" /> He studied at Piphema GMS and Government High School in Kohima. He graduated from [[St. Edmund's College, Shillong]] in 1970. He served as an assistant teacher at Rüzhükhrie Government Higher Secondary School in Kohima for three years.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=18 April 2019 |title=Former NLA deputy speaker Rokonicha no more |url=https://easternmirrornagaland.com/former-nla-deputy-speaker-rokonicha-no-more/ |access-date=18 May 2022 |newspaper=[[Eastern Mirror]]}}</ref>

He led several civil society organisations in Nagaland. He was the president of the Chakhroma Students' Union from 1967-69.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=17 April 2019 |title=Ex-MLA Rokonicha passes away |url=https://nagalandpost.com/ex-mla-rokonicha-passes-away/ |access-date=12 October 2025 |work=[[Nagaland Post]]}}</ref> He was the joint secretary and later, president of the [[Angami Public Organisation]].<ref name=":0" />

== Political career ==
He was first elected to the [[Nagaland Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Ghaspani-2 (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ghaspani-2]] constituency in the 1974 on a United Democratic Front ticket.<ref name=":1" /> He also won the 1977, 1982, 1987, 1998 and 2003 elections, representing various parties.<ref name="nic" /><ref>[[Election Commission of India]]: [http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_Feb_2003/StatReport2003_NL.pdf Statistical Report on General Election, 2003 to the Legislative Assembly of Nagaland] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050529125900/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_Feb_2003/StatReport2003_NL.pdf |date=2005-05-29 }}</ref><ref name="election2008" />

He was elected the deputy speaker of the Nagaland Legislative Assembly in 1975.<ref name=":1" />

In 2008, he lost the seat to [[Kihoto Hollohon]]. Rokonicha got 6661 votes (28.54%). Rokonicha contested as a [[Nagaland People's Front|Naga People's Front]] candidate.<ref name=election2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3644-nagaland-2008/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly of Nagaland |access-date= 14 August 2021}}</ref>

== Death ==
After prolonged illness, Kuotsü died on 17 April 2019 in his residence at [[Medziphema]] at the age of 73. He was survived by his wife Soneiü, three daughters and three sons.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Nagaland]]
[[Category:Nagaland MLAs 2003–2008]]
[[Category:Naga People's Front politicians]]
[[Category:1946 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

{{Nagaland-INC-politician-stub}}

Nahal, Jalandhar

2025-10-02T11:43:32Z

StephanieCrowthe: created article - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nahal
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Punjab#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India
| coordinates = {{coord|31.4523253|N|75.7082516|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)]]
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 95.7072
| population_total =1714
| population_as_of =2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 144002
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = +91-181-274 XXXX| registration_plate = PB 08
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Adampur|Adampur Doaba]], [[Bhogpur Sirwal]]
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Nahal''' is a relatively small village located in [[Jalandhar district]] in the state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] in north [[India]].

== Location ==
The village is located off the West of Jalandhar, near basti Danishmandan and is about 10-12 kilometres away from the [[Jalandhar]] city centre.

==Census 2011==
Nahal is a medium size village located in Jalandhar - II of Jalandhar district, Punjab with total 349 families residing. The Nahal village has population of 1714 of which 884 are males while 830 are females as per Population Census 2011.

In Nahal village population of children with age 0-6 is 159 which makes up 9.28% of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Nahal village is 939 which is higher than Punjab state average of 895. Child Sex Ratio for the Nahal as per census is 963, higher than Punjab average of 846.

Nahal village has higher literacy rate compared to Punjab. In 2011, literacy rate of Nahal village was 78.71% compared to 75.84% of Punjab. In Nahal Male literacy stands at 83.56% while female literacy rate was 73.54%.

==Administration==
As per the constitution of India and the Panchyati Raaj Act, Nahal village is [[Administration (government)|administrated]] by Sarpanch (Head of Village) who is elected representative of village.

Much of the development of the village was carried out under the leadership of Shmt Gagandeep Kaur, who was elected [[Sarpanch]]

The current sarpanch is Yashpal as of 22 June 2024 who has much further developed the streets from traditional bricked streets to modern interlock concrete brick streets and also developed the sewage system to an underground one from the open roadside canal one.

== Area information ==

Nahal has various shops and service providers. There are two [[Gurdwara]] in this village. There is one government [[School]] up to 5th class/grade in the village. nearest railway station is at [[Adampur|Adampur Doaba]].
Some streets are fairly narrow and suitable for single-lane driving, and mostly, they are wide enough. The land around the village is flat and fertile.

==References==
{{reflist}}

*Population Details as per https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/30447-nahal-punjab.html
*List of Registered Voters As Per https://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/..%2ferollpdf%2fA038%5cS19A038P099.pdf

[[Category:Villages in Jalandhar district]]
{{Jalandhar district}}

Ahir Boricha

2025-09-05T15:37:19Z

StephanieCrowthe:

{{Short description| Subgroup of Ahir community in Gujarat, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{unreferenced|date=July 2025}}
The '''Boricha''' are a part of the [[Ahir]] [[caste]] found in the state of [[Gujarat]] in [[India]]. They are traditionally associated with pastoralism and cattle herding.

== Origin ==
The Boricha get their name from the Boricha region of [[Kutch]], which was their original homeland, from where they emigrated to [[Jamnagar District]] due to a drought.{{Citation needed|date=September 2025}} According to other traditions, the word Boricha means those who are of value.{{Citation needed|date=September 2025}} The community are now found in the Jhodia taluka of [[Jamnagar District]], [[Kutch District]], [[Morvi]] in [[Rajkot District]] and [[Junagadh district|Junagadh District]]. They are one of the four sub-caste of the [[Ahir]] community found in [[Gujarat]]. They still speak the [[Gujarati language|Gujrati]] and [[Kutchi language|Kutchi]] language.

The Boricha are [[Hindu]], and worship Hindu gods and goddesses such as [[Rama|Ram]], [[Shiva|Shankar]], [[Ganesha|Ganesh]], [[Krishna]] and [[Lakshmi|Lakhshm]]<nowiki/>i.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Ahir clans |state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Social groups of Gujarat]]

Ganga Dynasty

2025-08-11T16:52:48Z

StephanieCrowthe: new new data and citations

'''Ganga Dynasty''' is a name used for two related dynasties who ruled parts of India:
* The [[Western Ganga dynasty]], a kingdom in southern India, based in southern Karnataka, from the 3rd to the 11th centuries
* The [[Eastern Ganga dynasty]], rulers of Odisha from the 11th to the 15th centuries

== See also ==
* [[Ganga (disambiguation)]]

{{disambig}}

Bombay Natural History Society

2025-07-24T16:14:56Z

StephanieCrowthe:

{{Short description|Indian conservation and biodiversity research NGO}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Bombay Natural History Society
| image = BNHSlogo.png
| image_border =
| size = [[biodiversity research]]
| headquarters = Hornbill House, [[Mumbai]], [[India]]
| location = [[Mumbai]], India
| region_served = India
| membership =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| main_organ =
| parent_organization =
| affiliations =
| num_staff =
| num_volunteers =
| budget =
| website = {{URL|https://bnhs.org/}}
| remarks =
}}
[[File:BNHS - Hornbill House (386658001).jpg|thumb|right|Hornbill House, the head office of the Bombay Natural History Society.]]
The '''Bombay Natural History Society''' ('''BNHS'''), founded on 15 September 1883, is one of the largest [[non-governmental organisation]]s in India engaged in [[Conservation movement|conservation]] and [[biodiversity]] research.<ref>[https://www.loc.gov/rr/international/asian/india/resources/india-organizations.html ''Organizations: India''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725090051/http://loc.gov/rr/international/asian/india/resources/india-organizations.html |date=25 July 2010 }}. US Library of Congress, Portals to the World. Retrieved 3 December 2006.</ref> It supports many research efforts through grants and publishes the ''[[Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society]]''. Many prominent naturalists, including the ornithologists [[Salim Ali (ornithologist)|Sálim Ali]] and [[S. Dillon Ripley]], have been associated with it.<ref>[http://www.bnhs.org/article.php?cid=MTU=&sid=MA%3D%3D&t=Mg==&aid=MQ%3D%3D BNHS:Mission and Vision] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071030145913/http://bnhs.org/article.php?cid=MTU%3D&sid=MA%3D%3D&t=Mg%3D%3D&aid=MQ%3D%3D |date=2007-10-30 }}, Bombay Natural History Society. Retrieved 3 December 2006.</ref>

==History==
[[File:JPNHS titlepage1a.jpg|right|thumb|Title page of volume 1, number 1, of the ''[[Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society]]'', 1886.]]
British hunters in Bombay organized a hunting group around 1811, their activities included riding with foxhounds and shooting. A Bombay Hunt was supported by Sir Bartle Frere from 1862. A natural history society was begun, possibly as spinoff from the Bombay Geographical Society, in 1856 by Doctors Don (of Karachee), Andrew Henderson Leith (surgeon), George Buist, and [[Henry John Carter]] along with [[Lawrence Hugh Jenkins]], then a registrar of the Supreme Court. The group did not last more than three years.<ref>{{cite book| title= The Gazetteer of Bombay City and Island. Volume III. |year=1910| publisher=Times Press| place=Bombay|pages=224–227|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.55900/page/n256/mode/1up
}}</ref> On 15 September 1883 eight men interested in [[natural history]] met at [[Bombay]] in the Victoria and Albert Museum (now [[Bhau Daji Lad Museum]]) and:<ref name="JBNHS#1">{{cite journal|editor-last=Aitken|editor-first=E.H.|editor2-first=R. A. |editor2-last=Sterndale |date=January 1886|title=Introduction|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural Society|publisher=Education Society's Press|location=Bombay|volume= 1|issue= 1|url=https://archive.org/details/journalofbombayn01bomb}}</ref>

{{Blockquote|constituted themselves as the Bombay Natural History Society. They proposed to meet monthly and exchange notes, exhibit interesting specimens and otherwise encourage each other.}}

According to [[Edward Hamilton Aitken|E. H. Aitken]] (the first honorary secretary, September 1883-March 1886), Dr D. MacDonald was the ''{{lang|la|fons et origo}}'' (Latin for "source and origin") of the society.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Millard, W.S. |year=1931 |title=The founders of the Bombay Natural History Society |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47540162 |journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society |volume=35 |pages=196-197}}</ref> The other founders were Dr [[G. A. Maconachie]], [[Charles Swinhoe|Col. C. Swinhoe]], Mr J. C. Anderson, Mr J. Johnston, Dr [[Atmaram Pandurang]] and Dr [[Sakharam Arjun]].<ref>Rachel Reuben (2005) The Indian Founders. ''Hornbill'' (Apr-Jun): pp.13-15</ref> Mr [[H. M. Phipson]] (second honorary secretary, 1886–1906) was a part of the founding group. He lent a part of his wine shop at 18 Forbes Street to the BNHS as an office.<ref>{{cite journal| title=The founders, the builders and the guardians. Part I. |author=Ali, Salim| journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society| year=1978| volume=75| issue=3| pages= 559–569|url=https://archive.org/stream/journalofbomba751978bomb#page/n15/mode/2up}}</ref>

In 1911, [[R. C. Wroughton]], a BNHS member and forest officer, organised a survey of mammals making use of the members spread through the [[Indian subcontinent]] to provide specimens. This was perhaps the first collaborative natural history study in the world. It resulted in a collection of 50,000 specimens in 12 years. Several new species were discovered, 47 publications were published, and the understanding of biogeographic boundaries was improved.<ref>Newton, Paul & Matt Ridley. Biology under the Raj. ''New Scientist''. (22 September 1983) pp. 857-867</ref>

In the early years, the ''Journal of the BNHS'' reviewed contemporary literature from other parts of the world. The description of ant-bird interactions in German by [[Erwin Stresemann]] was reviewed in a 1935 issue leading to the introduction of the term ''[[Anting (bird activity)|anting]]'' into English.

Today the BNHS is headquartered in the specially constructed 'Hornbill House' in southern [[Mumbai]]. It sponsors studies in Indian wildlife and conservation, and publishes a four-monthly journal, ''[[Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society]]'', as well as a quarterly magazine, ''Hornbill''.

BNHS is the partner of [[BirdLife International]] in India. It has been designated as a 'Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation' by the Department of Science and Technology. Its headquarter is in Mumbai and has one regional centre at Wetland Research and Training Centre, near [[Chilika Lake]], [[Odisha]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/bnhs-to-open-its-regional-centre-today/article24788326.ece|title=BNHS to open its regional centre today|newspaper=The Hindu|date=27 August 2018|access-date=14 October 2018|archive-date=27 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727031641/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/bnhs-to-open-its-regional-centre-today/article24788326.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

==BNHS logo==

The BNHS logo is the [[great hornbill]], inspired by a great hornbill named William, who lived on the premises of the Society from 1894 until 1920, during the honorary secretaryships of [[H. M. Phipson]] until 1906 and [[W. S. Millard]] from 1906 to 1920.<ref name=phipson-william>{{cite journal |title=The Great Indian Hornbill in captivity |volume=11 |url=http://biostor.org/reference/169867 |issue=2 |journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society |author=Phipson, H M |year=1897 |pages=307–308 |access-date=19 May 2016 |archive-date=27 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727022704/http://biostor.org/reference/169867 |url-status=live }}</ref> The logo was created in 1933, the golden jubilee year of the Society's founding.

===William===
According to H. M. Phipson, William was born in May 1894 and presented to the Society three months later by H. Ingle of [[Karwar]]. He reached his full length ({{convert|4.25|ft|m}}) by the end of his third year. His diet consisted of fruit (like plantains and wild figs) and also of live mice, scorpions, and plain raw meat, which he ate with relish.<ref name=phipson-william/> He apparently did not drink water, nor use it for bathing.<ref name=phipson-william/> William was known for catching tennis balls thrown at him from a distance of some 30 feet with his beak.<ref name=phipson-william/>

In his obituary of W. S. Millard, Sir [[Norman Boyd Kinnear|Norman Kinnear]] made the following remarks about William:<ref name=kinnear>{{cite journal |title=W. S. Millard |volume=50 |url=http://biostor.org/reference/169868 |journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society |author=Kinnear, Norman B |year=1952 |issue=4304 |pages=910–913 |doi=10.1038/169690b0 |bibcode=1952Natur.169..690K |s2cid=29652369 |access-date=19 May 2016 |archive-date=27 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727030659/http://biostor.org/reference/169868 |url-status=live |doi-access=free }}</ref> {{cquote|Every visitor to the Society's room in Appollo Street will remember the great Indian Hornbill, better known as the "office canary" which lived in a cage behind Millard's chair in Phipson & Co.'s office for 26 years and died in 1920. It is said its death was caused by swallowing a piece of wire, but in the past "William" had swallowed a lighted cigar without ill effects and I for my part think that the loss of his old friend was the principal cause.}}

<gallery class="center">
Image:Buceros bicornis -illustration in book.jpg|Profile by E. Comber (1897) of the great Indian hornbill, "William," who lived on the premises of the society from 1894 until 1920, and who would later be the model for its logo.
Image:William office canary2.jpg|Another photograph of "William," by E. Comber published in the ''Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society'', 1897.
</gallery>

==Initiatives==
===National Dragonfly festival===
The festival was started in 2018 in order to inform the public about integral role played by dragonflies in our environment. The Bombay Natural History Society has been organising the festival since then in association with [[World Wide Fund for Nature|WWF]] India, [[United Nations Development Programme]], [[United Nations Environment Programme]] and National Biodiversity Board of India. The local events which are the part of this nationwide festival are also organised by WWF India in association with various state agencies. The "Thumbimahotsavam" is a state butterfly festival of [[Kerala]] which is organised as a part of National Dragonfly festival.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kerala-to-host-dragonfly-festival/article32414553.ece|title=Kerala to host dragonfly festival|website=[[The Hindu]]|date=21 August 2020|access-date=2020-09-01|archive-date=7 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907230714/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kerala-to-host-dragonfly-festival/article32414553.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Asian Waterbird census===
The Asian waterbird census is an annual exercise undertaken in India by Bombay Natural History Society in association with [[Wetlands International]], in which enthusiastic birdwatchers count the birds by observing them near their respective breeding grounds. The exercise is a part of 'International waterbird census', an international exercise. It also aims to create awareness regarding bird species as well as health of the [[wetland]]s, which are facing severve threat amidst anthropogenic disturbance. It is conducted in the month of January every year.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/BNHS-to-start-counting-Asian-Waterbird/article13984324.ece|title=BNHS to start counting Asian Waterbird|website=[[The Hindu]]|date=6 January 2016|access-date=2020-09-04|archive-date=14 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614123658/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/BNHS-to-start-counting-Asian-Waterbird/article13984324.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

'''Education Programmes'''

The BNHS Programme Department, currently led by Mr Asif N. Khan is an integral component of the Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS), focuses on education, research, and outreach initiatives.

==See also==
* [[:Category:Nature conservation in India|Category:Nature conservation in India]]
* [[Conservation Education Centre]] of the BNHS

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==

* {{cite journal|last=Ali|first=Salim|author-link=Salim Ali|year=1978|title=Bombay Natural History Society — The Founders, the Builders and the Guardians. Part 1|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|volume=75|issue=3|pages=559–569|url=https://archive.org/stream/journalofbomba751978bomb#page/n16/mode/1up}}
* {{cite journal|last=Ali|first=Salim|author-link=Salim Ali|year=1981|title=Bombay Natural History Society — The Founders, the Builders and the Guardians. Part 2|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|volume=78|issue=2|pages=232–239|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48228752}}

==External links==
* [https://www.bnhs.org/ Official website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130514151247/http://www.bnhs.org/education-mainmenu/about-us.html Conservation Education Centre – Education wing of the BNHS]
*Mehta, Sarika. (18 March 2005). [http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/life/2005/03/18/stories/2005031800140400.htm Wild enthusiasm]. The Hindu Business Line.

{{Conservation organisations}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Natural history societies]]
[[Category:Clubs and societies in India]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Animal charities based in India]]
[[Category:Bird conservation organizations]]
[[Category:BirdLife partners]]
[[Category:Nature conservation organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Natural history of India]]
[[Category:Scientific organizations established in 1883]]
[[Category:1883 establishments in British India]]
[[Category:Environmental studies institutions in India]]

Dhiraj Singh (Khichi)

2025-04-23T07:35:44Z

StephanieCrowthe: new new biography v1

{{refimprove|date=May 2024}}
{{short description| Ruler of Raghogarh State}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Dhiraj Singh
| title = Raja
| image = Raja Dhiraj Singh of Raghogarh (6125101254).jpg
| caption = Raja Dhiraj Singh (Khichi) of Raghogarh
| succession = [[Raghogarh State|Raja of Raghogarh]]
| predecessor = Lal Singh
| successor = Gaj Singh
| birth_date = {{birth year|1697}}
| death_date = {{death year and age|1726|1697}}
| issue = Gaj Singh
| father = Lal Singh
}}

'''Raja Dhiraj Singh''' (1697–1726) was 2nd ruler of [[Raghogarh State]], who belonged to the Khichi clan of [[Chauhan Dynasty|Chauhans]] Rajput. He was the son of Raja Lal Singh, who founded [[Raghogarh-Vijaypur|Raghogarh]] at its zenith. Dhiraj Singh was a great patron of art and music.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wolpert |first=Stanley A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s-wpAQAAMAAJ&q=Dhiraj+Singh+Khichi |title=Encyclopedia of India |date=2006 |publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons |isbn=978-0-684-31352-8 |language=en}}</ref>

He also built several temples in his reign. He also fought alongside [[Jai Singh I|Jai Singh]] of Amber; who was one of his best supporters of his ideas and actions. He was a charitable ruler who was generous towards: [[Brahmin|Brahmanas]], [[Bhāts|Bhats]], [[Bairagis]] and [[Charan|Charans]].

== See also ==
* [[Raghogarh State]]
* [[Chauhan Dynasty]]
* [[Battle of Pilsud]]
* [[Bajrangarh Fort]]
* [[Ahirwada|Ahirwara]]
* [[Jaivardhan Singh]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1697 births]]
[[Category:1726 deaths]]
[[Category:Rajput history]]

Pratidin

2025-03-31T06:25:19Z

StephanieCrowthe:

{{Wikt|प्रतिदिन}}
'''''Pratidin''''' ({{Lit|daily|everyday}}) may refer to:

== Media ==
* ''[[Asomiya Pratidin]]'', Assamese-language daily newspaper from India
** ''[[Pratidin Time]]'', an Assamese-language news channel, owned by the newspaper
* ''[[Bangladesh Pratidin]]'', Bengali-language daily newspaper from Bangladesh

== Films ==
* ''[[Ek Din Pratidin]]'', a 1979 Indian Bengali-language film

== See also ==
* {{Intitle|Pratidin}}
* [[Everyday (disambiguation)]]
* [[Daily (disambiguation)]]

{{Disambiguation}}

Mashrak–Thawe Extension Railway

2025-02-26T01:20:57Z

StephanieCrowthe: fixed section as per guidelines and cleaned formatting for clarity

{{Short description|Railway in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox company
|name = Mashrak–Thawe Extension Railway
|logo =
|type =
|foundation = 12 January 1931
|defunct= 1 January 1943.
|predecessor= ''none''
|successor= [[Oudh and Tirhut Railway]]
|location_city =
|location_country = India
|location =
|locations = 
|key_people =
|area_served = Northern India
|industry = [[Railways]]
|products =
|services = [[Rail transport]]
|revenue =
|operating_income =
|net_income =
|num_employees =
|parent =
|divisions =
|subsid =
|slogan =
|homepage =
|footnotes =
|intl =
}}

'''Mashrak–Thawe Extension Railway''' was owned by the Government of India and worked by [[Bengal and North Western Railway]].

== History ==

The {{convert|39|mi|km|adj=mid|-long}} [[metre gauge]] line from [[Mashrakh|Mashrak]] to [[Thawe]] was opened 12 January 1931. The Mashrak–Thawe Extension Railway was merged into the [[Oudh and Tirhut Railway]] on 1 January 1943.

== Conversion to broad gauge ==

The railway line was converted to {{RailGauge|1676mm|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]] in 2017.

==Notes==
# Rao, M.A. (1988). Indian Railways, New Delhi: National Book Trust
# Chapter 1 – Evolution of Indian Railways-Historical Background

{{Railways in Northern India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mashrak-Thawe Extension Railway}}
[[Category:Metre-gauge railways in India]]
[[Category:Defunct railway companies of India]]
[[Category:Railway companies established in 1931]]
[[Category:Railway companies disestablished in 1943]]
[[Category:History of rail transport in Uttar Pradesh]]

Lake Kalibari

2025-01-24T17:16:21Z

StephanieCrowthe: Improved wording and formatting

{{short description|Hindu temple dedicated to goddess Kali in Kolkata}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox temple
| name = Lake Kalibari
| image = Dakshina Kali - Sree Sree 108 Karunamoyee Kalimata Mandir - Lake Kalibari - Kolkata 2015-02-15 5945.JPG
| alt =
| caption = Dakshina Kali of the Lake Kalibari
| map_type =
| map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|22.5136450|N| 88.3551775|E|display=inline,title}}
| country = {{flag|India}}
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Kolkata]]
| location = [[Southern Avenue, Kolkata|Southern Avenue]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = Maa [[Kali]]
| festivals =
* ''[[Kali Puja]]''<ref>{{cite news |title=মহাসমারোহে আরাধনা লেক কালী বাড়িতে, করোনা বিধি মেনে চলছে পুজো |url=https://zeenews.india.com/bengali/photos/lake-kalibari-pujo-see-pics-351310 |access-date=22 January 2025 |work=[[Zee News]] |date=14 November 2020 |language=bn}}</ref>
* ''Kaushiki Amavasya''<ref>{{cite news |title=কৌশিকী অমাবস্যায় কালীঘাট ও লেক কালীবাড়িতে ভক্তদের ভিড় |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/dharm-religion/video/kaushiki-amavasya-2023-shubh-muhurat-devotees-flock-to-kalighat-and-lake-kalibari-on-kaushik-amavasya-snd-suc-677958-2023-09-14 |access-date=22 January 2025 |work=[[Aaj Tak]] |date=14 September 2023 |language=bn}}</ref>
* ''Annapurna Puja''<ref>{{cite news |title=Annapurna Puja 2023: ধুমধাম করে দেবী অন্নপূর্ণার আরাধনা সাবর্ণ রায় চৌধুরীর বাড়িতে, ভোগ পেলেন অন্তত ২ হাজার |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/photo-gallery/district/annapurna-puja-sabarna-roy-chowdhury-family-in-barisha-lake-kalibari-see-in-pics-966781 |access-date=22 January 2025 |work=[[ABP Ananda]] |date=30 March 2023 |language=bn}}</ref>
*''[[Durga Puja]]''<ref name="news18">{{cite news |last1=Basu |first1=Pooja |title=জাগ্রত লেক কালীবাড়িতে ধুমধাম করে বিশ্বকর্মা পুজো, মন্দির প্রাঙ্গণে গাড়ি পুজোর পর্ব |url=https://bengali.news18.com/photogallery/astrology/vishwakarma-puja-at-lake-kalibari-pbd-1859590.html |access-date=22 January 2025 |work=[[News18]] |date=18 September 2024 |language=bn}}</ref>
*''[[Vishvakarma Puja]]''<ref name="news18"></ref>
| year_completed =
| architecture =
| creator =
| website =
}}

'''Lake Kalibari''' is a [[Kali]] temple located at [[Southern Avenue, Kolkata|Southern Avenue]] in [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], India. The official name of the temple is Sree Sree 108 Karunamoyee Kalimata Mandir after the name presiding deity Karunamoyee. The temple is managed by the Sree Sri Karunamoyee Kalimata Trust. The temple is undergoing reconstruction since 2002 and is due to be completed by 2013 but due to financial issues it has still not completed.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cash crunch hits construction of Lake Kalibari |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata-/Cash-crunch-hits-construction-of-Lake-Kalibari/articleshow/6873969.cms |newspaper=The Times of India |date=5 November 2010 |accessdate=16 January 2019}}</ref>
[[File:Sree Sree 108 Karunamoyee Kalimata Mandir - Lake Kalibari - 107-1 Southern Avenue - Kolkata 2015-02-15 5965.JPG|thumb|Lake Kalibari Road-side View]]

== History ==
The temple is dedicated to the [[Hindu goddess]] "Dakshina Kali" and she is referred to as "Karunamoyee Kali" by her devotees. Sree Sree 108 Karunamoyee Kalimata Mandir was founded by Haripada Chakraborty in 1949. He was a great devotee of Maa Kali and also a [[Tantra|tantra sadhak]]. It is believed that Maa Kali gave him darshan and he established her idol in "Panchamundi ashana" after that.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.india9.com/i9show/Karunamoyee-Kalimata-Mandir-52536.htm |title=Karunamoyee Kalimata Mandir |date=7 June 2005 |work=India9 |accessdate=16 January 2019}}</ref>

When Chakraborty received ''swapnadesh'' from Maa Kali regarding establishing her idol in a new temple, he asked her, since he was poor, how will he be able to bear the cost of her puja. Maa Kali assured that she herself will take care of her puja expenditures. Initially it was a "patar kutir" and later it was reformed into a temple. The temple has undergone renovation numerous times after that. Although the name of the temple is Sree Sree 108 Karunamoyee Kalimata Mandir, it is popularly known as the Lake Kalibari due to the [[Rabindra Sarobar]] located in the vicinity of the temple.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eimuhurte.com/kolkata/lake-kali-bari-feature/ |title=History of Tantra Sadhana is attached with the Lake Kalibari |date=23 October 2022 |work=[[Ei Samay|Ei Muhurte]] |access-date=22 January 2025|lang=bn}}</ref>

== Deities worshipped ==
Maa Dakshinakali is the principle deity worshipped in the temple. She is called as "Maa Karunamoyee" which means that she is kind towards her devotees, who worship her with a pure heart and ask for her blessings. Devi Bagala and Santoshi Maa is also worshipped inside the temple complex. In 2020, a deity of Maa Dhumavati, the seventh of the Dashvatars, was established in the temple. As of 2020, idols of Maa Manasa and Maa Sitala will also be established in the future.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Talukder |first1=Ritam |title=লেক কালিবাড়িতে ধূমাবতী প্রতিষ্ঠা, দর্শনার্থীদের উপচে পড়া ভিড় |url=https://bangla.asianetnews.com/kolkata/dhumavati-temple-established-at-lake-kali-bari-in-kolkata-q4lks0/articleshow-yp4on8 |access-date=22 January 2025 |work=[[Asianet News]] |date=24 January 2020 |language=bn}}</ref>
== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.lakekalibari.org/ Lake Kalibari, Kolkata]

{{Portal bar|Hinduism|India}}
{{Hindu temples in West Bengal}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Kolkata]]

Mahali, Ghazipur

2024-10-08T15:06:12Z

StephanieCrowthe: created bio - done

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mahali
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = [[Hindi]]
| other_name = Salempur
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25|21|20|N|83|34|32|E|display=inline,title|region:IN_type:city}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ghazipur district|Ghazipur]]
| established_title = First settled
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Panchayati Raj (India)]]
| governing_body = [[Sarpanch|Gram Pradhan]]
| unit_pref =
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 70
| population_total = 1329
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 232326
| registration_plate = UP 61
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 05497
| website =
| footnotes =
| official_name =
| founder =
| area_total_acre =
| area_total_ha = 555.55
| area_land_ha =
| area_water_ha =
| leader_name =
| leader_name1 =
| total_type =
| length_km =
| width_km =
| pushpin_relief = Yes
| established_date = 1870
}}
'''Mahali''' (also before known as Salempur) is a village in [[Zamania]] tehsil of [[Ghazipur district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. Salempur was a region in Daudpur but later in 1870 many families came and established the village Mahali and the name was renamed.<ref>{{Cite web|title="Bhulekh"|url=http://upbhulekh.gov.in/public/public_ror/Public_ROR.jsp}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title="2011 census of India"|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Ghazipur district]]

Kaisi Laagi Lagan

2024-08-02T00:09:09Z

StephanieCrowthe: made stub

{{Use Indian English|date=September 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{Infobox television
| image = KaisiLL.jpg
| caption = Promotional logo
| genre = [[Television drama|Drama]]
| creator =
| developer =
| story = Anshuman Sinha '''Dialogues''': Anjum Abbas Sagar Gupta
| director = Jafar Sheikh
| creative_director = Natlene Rodrigues Doris Dey
| starring = [[Kaisi Laagi Lagan#Cast|See below]]
| theme_music_composer = Lalit Sen & Raman Dubey
| opentheme = "Kaisi Laagi Lagan" by Rajab Ali and [[Madhushree]]
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 87
| executive_producer = Sachin Salgaonkar & Viren Nagre
| producer = Prem Malhotra & Sunil Mehta
| editor = Afzal, Randhir, Sabi Bharaj, Sanjeev Shukla, & Swapnil Nerurkar
| cinematography = Brijesh Singh
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = Approx. 24 minutes
| company = [[Cinevistaas Limited]]
| channel = [[Sahara One]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=y|2008|10|13}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=y|2009|2|10}}
}}

'''''Kaisi Laagi Lagan''''' is an Indian television series that premiered on [[Sahara One]] on 13 October 2008, based on the story of a cursed marriage.

==Plot==
The story revolves around the life of a girl named Pratha, who is raised solely by her mother since 5 years old.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k8/oct/oct85.php|title=Kaisi Laagi Lagan on Sahara One|work=Indiantelevision.com|date=10 October 2008}}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Mahhi Vij]] as Pratha
* Ashmit Kaushik as Raghav
* Priyamvada Sawant as Chitra
* [[Himmanshoo A. Malhotra]] as Swayam
* Romanchak Arora
* [[Prabha Sinha]]
* [[Sudha Chandran]] as Ambika (Raghav's Mother)
* Sandeep Mehta
* [[Satya Sarkar]]
* [[Vishal John Khan(Vishal Vinda Vijay Palyekar]] as Rahul( College Student / Anchor / Host )

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20111005195603/http://www.zorsebol.com/videos/television-videos/kaisi-laagi-lagan/kaisi-laagi-lagan-on-sahara-one-gaining-popularity-as-story-is-kept-simple/ Kaisi Laagi Lagan News Article]

{{Sahara One Programmes}}

[[Category:Sahara One original programming]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:2008 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2009 Indian television series endings]]

Burdwan II

2024-05-03T15:08:56Z

StephanieCrowthe: correct lead per sources and cleaned formatting as per guidelines

{{other uses|Bardhaman (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Burdwan II
|other_name =
|native_name =
|native_name_lang =
|nickname =
|settlement_type = Community development block

|motto =
|image_skyline = Kalinagar Floods B.JPG
|imagesize =
|image_caption = Floods in the Kalinagar area
|image_flag =
|flag_size =
|image_seal =
|seal_size =
|image_map = File:Bardhaman-II in Purba Bardhaman (West Bengal).svg
|mapsize =
|map_caption = Location in West Bengal
|pushpin_map =
|pushpin_label_position =right
|pushpin_mapsize=
|pushpin_map_caption =
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name ={{flag|India}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[States of India|State]]
|subdivision_name1 =[[West Bengal]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of India|District]]
|subdivision_name2 =[[Purba Bardhaman district|Purba Bardhaman]]
|subdivision_type3 =Parliamentary constituency
|subdivision_name3 = [[Bardhaman-Durgapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bardhaman-Durgapur]]
|subdivision_type4 =Assembly constituency
|subdivision_name4 = [[Bardhaman Uttar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bardhaman Uttar]]
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|established_title =
|established_date =
|area_magnitude =
|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes =
|area_total_km2 = 189.57
|area_land_km2 =
|population_as_of = 2011
|population_footnotes =
|population_note =
|population_total = 152,939
|population_density_km2 = auto
|timezone = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|utc_offset = +5.30
|coordinates = {{coord|23|11|15|N|87|57|54|E|display=inline}}
|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation_m = 29
|elevation_ft =
|postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
|postal_code = 713407 (Hatgobindapur) 713149 (Shaktigarh)
|area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD]] code
|area_code = 0342
|registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-37,[[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-38,[[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-41,[[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-42,[[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-44
|blank_name = Literacy Rate
|blank_info = 74.12 per cent
|website = http://purbabardhaman.gov.in/
|footnotes =
}}
'''Burdwan II''' is a [[Community development block in India|community development block]] that forms an administrative division in [[Bardhaman Sadar North subdivision]] of [[Purba Bardhaman district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Geography==
[[File:Map of purba bardhaman district.jpg|thumb|left|400px|CD blocks of Purba Bardhaman district]]
===Location===
Baghar, a constituent panchayat of Burdwan II block, is located at {{coord|23.3184|N|87.8316|E|format=dms|}}.

Burdwan II CD Block is part of the Bardhaman Plain, the central plain area of the district. The area is surrounded by the [[Hooghly River|Bhagirathi]] on the east, the [[Ajay River|Ajay]] on the north-west and the [[Damodar River|Damodar]] on the west and south. Old river channels and small creeks found in the region dry up in the dry season, but the Bardhaman Plains are sometimes subject to heavy floods during the rainy season. The region has recent [[Alluvium|alluvial]] soils.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf |title = Census of India 2011, West Bengal: District Census Handbook, Barddhaman |work = Physiography, pages 13-14| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal | access-date = 23 January 2017}}</ref>

Burdwan II CD Block is bounded by [[Burdwan I]] on the west and a part of the north, [[Memari II]] CD Block on a part of the north and a part of the east, [[Memari I]] CD Block on a part of the east and [[Raina I]] CD Block on the south.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/westbengal/tehsil/barddhman.html |title = Tehsil Map of Barddhaman |work = CD Block/ Tehsil | publisher= Maps of India | access-date = 23 January 2017}}</ref>

Burdwan II CD Block has an area of 189.57 km2. It has 1 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samity]], 9 [[gram panchayat]]s, 116 gram sansads (village councils), 89 [[mouza]]s and 83 inhabited villages. [[Burdwan#Police station|Burdwan]] police station and [[Burdwan#Police station|Women police station Burdwan]] serve this block.<ref name=handbook2014/> Headquarters of this CD Block is at [[Barshul]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1909_PART_B_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Barddhaman | work= Map of Barddhaman with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fourth page) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 22 January 2017 }}</ref>

[[Gram panchayat]]s of Burdwan II block/[[panchayat samiti]] are: Baikunthapur I, Barsul I, Kurmun&II, Baikunthapur II, Barsul II, Nabastha I, Bandul II, Gobindapur and Nabastha II.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal |work = Bardhaman - Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 30 January 2017}}</ref>

==Demographics==

===Population===
As per the [[2011 Census of India]] Burdwan II CD Block had a total population of 152,939, of which 146,592 were rural and 6,347 were urban. There were 77,276 (51%) males and 75,663 (49%) females. Population below 6 years was 15,593. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 59,322 (38.79%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 18,242 (11.93%).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 16 January 2017}}</ref>

As per 2001 census, Burdwan II block had a total population of 138,909, out of which 70,864 were males and 68,045 were females. Burdwan II block registered a population growth of 17.63 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for Bardhaman district was 14.36 per cent.<ref name=census>{{cite web|url=http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_9.htm |title=Provisional population totals, West Bengal, Table 4, Barddhaman District |access-date=2011-09-07 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719035948/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_9.htm |archive-date=2011-07-19 }}</ref> Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/FrameTable4_1.htm |title=Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4 |access-date=2011-08-26 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721163257/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/FrameTable4_1.htm |archive-date=2011-07-21 }}</ref> [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|Scheduled castes]] at 57,451 formed more than one-third the population. Scheduled tribes numbered 17,104.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/HouseListingF/SCST/All_distSCST(TRU1)9.htm |title=TRU for all Districts (SC & ST and Total) |access-date=2008-08-26 |work=Census 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719040022/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/HouseListingF/SCST/All_distSCST%28TRU1%299.htm |archive-date=2011-07-19 }}</ref>

[[Census Town]] in Burdwan II CD Block is (2011 census figure in brackets): [[Gangpur]] (6,347).<ref name=census2011/>

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Burdwan II CD Block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Bamchandaipur (4,607), Samanti (4,535), [[Hatgobindapur]] (5,823), Putunda (4,409), [[Saktigarh, Bardhaman|Saktigarh]] (8,432) and [[Barshul]] (5,483).<ref name=census2011/>

Other villages in Burdwan II CD Block include (2011census figures in brackets): Baikanthapur (2,742), Nabastha (2,387), [[Kandorsona]] (3,362) and [[Palsit]] (3,578).<ref name=census2011/>

===Literacy===
As per the 2011 census the total number of literates in Burdwan II CD Block was 101,806 (74.12% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 56,305 (81.13% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 45,501 (66.97% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 14.16%.<ref name=census2011/>

As per 2001 census, Burdwan II block had a total literacy of 68.11 per cent for the 6+ age group. While male literacy was 77.78 per cent female literacy was 58.02 per cent. Bardhaman district had a total literacy of 70.18 per cent, male literacy being 78.63 per cent and female literacy being 60.95 per cent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table5_9.htm |title=Provisional population totals, West Bengal, Table 5, Bardhaman District |access-date=2011-08-26 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928211117/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table5_9.htm |archive-date=2011-09-28 }}</ref>

See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Bardhaman district|collapsible=y}}

===Languages and religion===

{{bar box
|title=Religion in Burdwan II CD block (2011)<ref name="religion"/>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in West Bengal|Hinduism]]|darkorange|87.41}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in West Bengal|Islam]]|green|10.96}}
{{bar percent|[[Sarnaism|Sarna]]|maroon|1.47}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.16}}
}}

In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 133,679 and formed 87.41% of the population in Burdwan II CD Block. Muslims numbered 16,766 and formed 10.96% of the population. Christians numbered 101 and formed 0.07% of the population. Others numbered 2,393 and formed 1.56% of the population.<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11396/download/14509/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Burdwan II CD block (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value1 = 89.82 |color1 = orchid
|label2 = [[Santali language|Santali]] |value2 = 7.35 |color2 = darkturquoise
|label3 = [[Hindi]] |value3 = 2.13 |color3 = orange
|label4 = Others |value4 = 0.70 |color4 = grey
}}

At the time of the 2011 census, 89.82% of the population spoke [[Bengali language|Bengali]], 7.35% [[Santali language|Santali]] and 2.13% [[Hindi]] as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10226/download/13338/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==Rural poverty==
As per poverty estimates obtained from household survey for families living [[Below Poverty Line (India)|below poverty line]] in 2005, [[rural poverty]] in Burdwan II CD Block was 21.68%.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/District%20DEV%20Report.%20Burdwan%20%202012%20total%20Book%20Curve%20Red.pdf |title = District Human Development Report: Bardhaman |work = Table 4.2: Empirical Measurement of Rural Poverty in Bardhaman 2005, page 94 |publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011 |access-date = 30 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170814062640/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/District%20DEV%20Report.%20Burdwan%20%202012%20total%20Book%20Curve%20Red.pdf# |archive-date = 2017-08-14 |url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Economy==

===Livelihood===
In Burdwan II CD Block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators formed 11.35%, agricultural labourers 50.20%, household industry workers 1.71% and other workers 36.74%.<ref name=handbook2014>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Bardhaman | work = Tables 2.7, 2.1, 8.2, 16.1, 17.2, 18.1, 18.2, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.3 – arranged as per use | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 30 January 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Burdwan II CD Block is part of the area where agriculture dominates the scenario but the secondary and tertiary sectors have shown an increasing trend.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/District%20DEV%20Report.%20Burdwan%20%202012%20total%20Book%20Curve%20Red.pdf |title = District Human Development Report: Bardhaman |work = Block/ Sub-division wise Variation in Occupational Distribution of Workers, page 47 |publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011 |access-date = 30 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170814062640/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/District%20DEV%20Report.%20Burdwan%20%202012%20total%20Book%20Curve%20Red.pdf# |archive-date = 2017-08-14 |url-status = dead }}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
There are 83 inhabited villages in Burdwan II CD block. All 83 villages (100%) have power supply. All 83 villages (100%) have drinking water supply. 21 villages (25.30%) have post offices. 81 villages (97.59%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 45 villages (54.22%) have a pucca (paved) approach road and 50 villages (60.24%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 16 villages (19.28%) have [[Primary Agricultural Credit Society|agricultural credit societies]]. 9 villages (10.84%) have banks.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Barddhaman, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Page 102 Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities, 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 9 February 2019}}</ref>

In 2013–14, there were 70 fertiliser depots, 24 seed stores and 41 [[Public distribution system|fair price shops]] in the CD Block.<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Agriculture===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Persons engaged in agriculture in Burdwan II CD Block'''
|value1 = 7.55
|label1 = Bargadars
|value2 = 11.42
|label2 = Patta holders
|value3 = 4.38
|label3 = Small farmers
|value4 = 17.06
|label4 = Marginal farmers
|value5 = 59.59
|label5= Agricultural labourers}}

Although the Bargadari Act of 1950 recognised the rights of [[bargadar]]s to a higher share of crops from the land that they tilled, it was not implemented fully. Large tracts, beyond the prescribed limit of land ceiling, remained with the rich landlords. From 1977 onwards major land reforms took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | title = District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas | work = (1) Chapter 1.2, South 24 Parganas in Historical Perspective, pages 7-9 (2) Chapter 3.4, Land reforms, pages 32-33 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009 | access-date = 7 August 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161005044029/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm# | archive-date = 2016-10-05 | url-status = dead }}</ref> Following [[Land reform in India|land reforms]] land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2013–14, persons engaged in agriculture in Burdwan II CD Block could be classified as follows: [[bargadar]]s 7.55%, patta (document) holders 11.42%, small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 4.38%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 17.06% and agricultural labourers 59.59%.<ref name=handbook2014/>

In 2003-04 net cropped area in Burdwan II CD Block was 13,941 hectares and the area in which more than one crop was grown was 13,906 hectares.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/District%20DEV%20Report.%20Burdwan%20%202012%20total%20Book%20Curve%20Red.pdf | title = District Human Development Report, Bardhaman | work = Table 3.10, Gross Cropped Area, Net Cropped Area and Cropping Intensity of different blocks of Bardhaman district 2003–04, Page 53 | publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, May 2011 | access-date = 30 January 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170814062640/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/District%20DEV%20Report.%20Burdwan%20%202012%20total%20Book%20Curve%20Red.pdf# | archive-date = 2017-08-14 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

In 2013–14, Burdwan II CD Block produced 42,239 tonnes of [[Rice#Ecotypes and cultivars|Aman paddy]], the main winter crop, from 13,975 hectares, 19,429 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 5,290 hectares and 54,888 tonnes of potatoes from 2,160 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds.<ref name=handbook2014/>

In Bardhaman district as a whole Aman paddy constituted 64.32% of the total area under paddy cultivation, while the area under Boro and Aus paddy constituted 32.87% and 2.81% respectively. The expansion of Boro paddy cultivation, with higher yield rates, was the result of expansion of irrigation system and intensive cropping.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/District%20DEV%20Report.%20Burdwan%20%202012%20total%20Book%20Curve%20Red.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Bardhaman | work = Occupational Structure, Status and levels of Livelihood, page 55 | publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 30 January 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170814062640/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/District%20DEV%20Report.%20Burdwan%20%202012%20total%20Book%20Curve%20Red.pdf# | archive-date = 2017-08-14 | url-status = dead }}</ref> In 2013–14, the total area irrigated in Burdwan II CD Block was 11,217.11 hectares, out of which 11,000.04 hectares were irrigated by canal water, 75.50 hectares by river lift irrigation and 141.57 hectares by deep tube wells.<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Banking===
In 2013–14, Burdwan II CD Block had offices of 9 commercial banks and 2 [[Regional Rural Bank|gramin banks]].<ref name=handbook2014/>

==Transport==
Burdwan II CD Block has 4 ferry services and 7 originating/ terminating bus routes.<ref name=handbook2014/>

The common route of [[Howrah-Bardhaman main line]] and [[Howrah-Bardhaman chord]] passes through this CD Block and there are stations at Gangpur and Shaktigarh, and Palsit on the main line.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/howrah-barddhaman-jn-chord-local-36811/14441/1/2 |title = 36811/ Howrah Barddhaman Jn Chord Local |work = Time Table | publisher= indiarailinfo | access-date = 9 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/howrah-barddhaman-fast-memu-local-63501/14440/1/2 |title = 63501/ Mowrah-Barddhaman Fast Memu Local |work = Time Table | publisher= indiarailinfo | access-date = 9 February 2017}}</ref>

Kolkata-Delhi [[National Highway 19 (India)|NH 19]] (old numbering NH 2)/ [[Grand Trunk Road]] passes through this CD Block.<ref name="renumber">{{cite web|url=http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|title=Rationalisation of Numbering Systems of National Highways|publisher=[[Department of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=10 February 2017|location=New Delhi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201124738/http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|archive-date=1 February 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[State Highway 7 (West Bengal)|SH 7]] running from Rajgram (in Birbhum district) to Midnapore (in Paschim Medinipur district) passes through this CD Block.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.wbtrafficpolice.com/state-highways.php |title = List of State Highways in West Bengal | publisher= West Bengal Traffic Police | access-date = 5 February 2017}}</ref>

==Education==
In 2013–14, Burdwan II CD Block had 85 primary schools with 7,916 students, 11 middle schools with 950 students, 16 high schools with 7,664 students and 9 higher secondary schools with 7,496 students. Burdwan II CD Block had 1 general college with 2,033 students, 4 technical/ professional institution with 359 students and 260 institutions for special and non-formal education with 8,026 students<ref name=handbook2014/>

As per the 2011 census, in Burdwan II CD block, amongst the 83 inhabited villages, 3 villages did not have schools, 30 villages had two or more primary schools, 36 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 22 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Barddhaman, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 1082, Appendix I A: Villages by number of Primary Schools and Appendix I B: Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 9 February 2019}}</ref>

More than 6,000 schools (in erstwhile Bardhaman district) serve cooked [[Midday Meal Scheme|midday meal]] to more than 900,000 students.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://bardhaman.nic.in/middam/mdm.htm| title = Midday Meal – Burdwan, WB| publisher = District Authorities |access-date = 12 February 2019}}</ref>

[[Dr. Bhupendra Nath Dutta Smriti Mahavidyalaya]] was established at [[Hatgobindapur]] in 1996. It offers honours courses in Bengali, Sanskrit, English, history, political science, philosophy, geography, accountancy, mathematics, chemistry, botany, zoology and nutrition.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.dbndsm.edu.in/principals_desk.php | title = Dr. Bhupendra Nath Dutta Smriti Mahavidyalaya | publisher = DBNDSM | access-date = 2 March 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170607222245/http://www.dbndsm.edu.in/principals_desk.php | archive-date = 7 June 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.collegeadmission.in/Dr.BhupendraNathDuttaSmritiMahavidyalaya/Dr_Bhupendra_Nath_Dutta_Smriti_Mahavidyalaya.shtml |title = Dr. Bhupendra Nath Dutta Smriti Mahavidyalaya | publisher= College Admission | access-date = 2 March 2017}}</ref>

==Healthcare==
In 2014, Burdwan II CD Block had 3 primary health centres and 2 private nursing homes with total 16 beds and 4 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 21 family welfare subcentres. 1,187 patients were treated indoor and 178,476 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD Block.<ref name=handbook2014/>

Barshul block primary health centre at [[Barshul]] (with 10 beds) is the main medical facility in Burdwan II CD block. There are [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] at Bamchandipur, PO Jateram (with 2 beds) and Kashiara, PO [[Hatgobindapur]] (with 4 beds).<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/ | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 19 January 2019 | archive-date = 28 October 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211028134305/https://qphs.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-99a499ee367f0c1530476c81086270c8 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Burdwan II CD Block is one of the areas of Bardhaman district which is affected by a low level of arsenic contamination of ground water.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.soesju.org/arsenic/wb7.htm | title = Groundwater Arsenic contamination in West Bengal-India (20 years study )| access-date = 9 September 2011 | work = Bardhaman | publisher = SOES }}</ref>

==External links==
* [http://bardhaman.gov.in/blocks/blocks.htm District map showing blocks]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
{{Purba Bardhaman topics}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Purba Bardhaman district]]

Bishunpur Vishram

2023-06-06T01:25:35Z

StephanieCrowthe: new a entry v1

{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bishunpur Vishram
| settlement_type = Village
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{Flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[Balrampur district, Uttar Pradesh|Balrampur]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Tulsipur]]
| subdivision_type3 = Tehsil
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web |title=52nd Report Of The Commissioner For Linguistic Minorities In India |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |website=nclm.nic.in |publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]] |accessdate=5 July 2022 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |archivedate=25 May 2017 }}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = Additional official
| demographics1_info2 = [[Urdu]]<ref name="langoff" />
| postal_code = 271206<ref>{{cite web |title=BISUNPUR VISHRAM Pin Code |url=https://news.abplive.com/pincode/uttar-pradesh/balrampur/bisunpur-vishram-pincode-271206.html |website=news.abplive.com |access-date=2 August 2022}}</ref>
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|Postal code]]
}}

'''Bishunpur Vishram''' is a village in [[Pachperwa]] block, [[Balrampur district, Uttar Pradesh|Balrampur district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].

==Demographics==
As of [[2011 Indian Census]], Bishunpur Vishram had a total population of 2,405, of which 1,196 were males and 1,209 were females.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 August 2022 |title=Census India |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/data-visualizations/PopulationSearch_PCA_Indicators |website=censusindia.gov.in}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Balrampur district, Uttar Pradesh]]

{{Balrampur-geo-stub}}

Krishnarajpet

2022-10-16T06:18:47Z

StephanieCrowthe: small changes

#REDIRECT [[Krishnaraja Pete]]

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