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Darjeeling Assembly constituency

2026-05-08T08:42:49Z

StaciWinslow:

'''Darjeeling Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Darjeeling district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Darjeeling
| type = SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Darjeeling.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Darjeeling Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| mla = [[Noman Rai]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| latest_election_year = [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| preceded_by = Neeraj Zimba
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Darjeeling district|Darjeeling]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Darjeeling Lok Sabha constituency|Darjeeling]]
| constituency_no = 23
| established = 1951
| electors = 246,663
| reservation = None
| abolished =
}}

==Overview==
As per orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], No. 23 Darjeeling Assembly constituency covers [[Darjeeling]] municipality, [[Darjeeling Pulbazar (Community development block)|Darjeeling Pulbazar]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]] and Dhootria Kalej Valley, Ghum Khasmahal, Sukhia-Simana, Rangbhang Gopaldhara, Pokhriabong I, Pokhriabong II, Pokhriabong III, Lingia Maraybong, Permaguri Tamsang, Plungdung and Rangbull [[gram panchayat]]s of [[Jorebunglow Sukhiapokhri (Community development block)|Jorebunglow Sukhiapokhri]] community development block.<ref name =delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 | access-date = 30 June 2014 | work = West Bengal | publisher = Election Commission of Indial}}</ref>

Darjeeling Assembly constituency is part of No. 4 [[Darjeeling (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name =delimitation/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1952 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
|Dalbahadur Singh Gahatraj
|{{Party name with color|Independent}}
|-
|[[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|rowspan="7"|[[Deo Prakash Rai]]
|{{Full party name with color|Akhil Bharatiya Gorkha League|rowspan=7}}
|-
|[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
|[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
|[[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|-
|[[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|-
|[[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
|[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|-
|[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|rowspan="2"|Dawa Lama
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=2|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|-
|[[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|Narendra Kumai
|{{Full party name with color|Gorkha National Liberation Front|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|Nar Bahadur Chhetri
|-
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|D.K. Pradhan
|-
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|Pranay Rai
|-
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|Trilok Dewan
|{{Full party name with color|Gorkha Janmukti Morcha|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|[[Amar Singh Rai]]
|-
|2019^
|rowspan="2"|[[Neeraj Zimba]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|-
|[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
|[[Noman Rai]]
|}

* ^ by-election

== Election results ==

=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title=[[Next West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Darjeeling}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Noman Rai]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 62,076
|percentage = 35.72
|change = {{down}}5.16
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Bijoy Kumar Rai|party=Bharatiya Gorkha Prajatantrik Morcha|votes=56,019|percentage=32.23|change={{new}}}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Ajoy Edwards|Ajoy Lucas Edwards]]|party=Indian Gorkha Janshakti Front|votes=48,635|percentage=27.98|change={{new}}}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Madhap Rai|party=Indian National Congress|votes=1,729|percentage=0.99|change={{new}}}}
{{Election box candidate|
|candidate = Milan Thokar
|party = Rastriya Aam Jan Seva Party
|votes = {{formatnum:1371}}
|percentage = 0.79
|change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Jatin Ghalay|votes={{formatnum:1937}}|percentage=1.11|change={{new}}}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]|party=None of the above (India)|votes={{formatnum:2040}}|percentage=1.17|change={{down}}0.34}}
{{Election box majority||votes={{formatnum:6057}}|percentage=3.49|change={{down}}9.13}}
{{Election box turnout||votes={{formatnum: 173807}}|percentage=88.98|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2021 Election ===

In the [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], Neeraj Zimba of BJP defeated his nearest rival Keshav Raj Sharma of GJM (Binay faction).

{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Darjeeling constituency}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Neeraj Zimba
|votes = 68,907
|percentage = 40.88
|change = {{Down}}20.92
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = [[Gorkha Janmukti Morcha|GJM]] (Binay faction)
|candidate = Keshav Raj Sharma
|votes = 47,631
|percentage = 28.26
|change = {{Down}}0.92
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = [[Gorkha Janmukti Morcha|GJM]] (Bimal faction)
|candidate = Pemba Tshering Ola
|votes = 38,240
|percentage = 22.68
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Suraj Gurung|votes=2,855|percentage=1.69|change=}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = [[Akhil Bharatiya Gorkha League|ABGL]] (Bharati faction)
|candidate = Nima Gyamtsho Sherpa
|votes = 2,088
|percentage = 1.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=Gautam Raj Rai|votes=1,913|percentage=1.13|change={{Down}}0.33}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Anjani Sharma|votes=1,677|percentage=0.99|change=}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = [[Akhil Bharatiya Gorkha League|ABGL]] (Laxman faction)
|candidate = Milan Thokar
|votes = 1,397
|percentage = 0.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Bharat Prakash Rai|votes=1,327|percentage=0.79|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the Above|candidate=None of the Above|votes=2,540|percentage=1.51|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=21,276|percentage=12.62|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,68,575|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link |
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 by-Election ===

In the West Bengal Legislative Assembly by-election 2019, Neeraj Zimba of BJP defeated his nearest rival Binay Tamang (Independent). The by-election was held because the sitting MLA Amar Singh Rai resigned to contest in the Lok Sabha election.

{{Election box begin | title=West Bengal Legislative Assembly By-Election, 2019: Darjeeling constituency}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Neeraj Zimba
|votes = 88,161
|percentage = 61.80
|change = Winner
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = [[Gorkha Janmukti Morcha|GJM]] (Binay faction)
|candidate = Binay Tamang
|votes = 41,623
|percentage = 29.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Jana Andolan Party|candidate=Amar Lama|votes=3,242|percentage=2.27|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=K.B. Wattar|votes=2,087|percentage=1.46|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Swaraj Thapa|votes=1,768|percentage=1.24|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Sarda Rai Subba|votes=1,270|percentage=0.89|change=}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = Indian Democratic Republican Front
|candidate = Sanjay Thakuri
|votes = 1,183
|percentage = 0.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Gorkha Rashtriya Congress|candidate=Amar Luksom|votes=1,166|percentage=0.82|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Akhil Bharatiya Gorkha League|candidate=Biplov Rai|votes=668|percentage=0.47|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above (India)|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=1,487|percentage=1.04|change={{Down}}2.25}}
{{Election box majority||votes=46,538|percentage=32.62|change={{Up}}1.3}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,42,675|percentage=59.71|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
| winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Gorkha Janmukti Morcha
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2016 Election ===

In the [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], Amar Singh Rai of GJM defeated his nearest rival Sarda Rai Subba of TMC.

{{Election box begin | title= [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Darjeeling constituency}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Gorkha Janmukti Morcha
|candidate = Amar Singh Rai
|votes = 95,386
|percentage = 59.85
|change = {{Down}}18.65
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=All India Trinamool Congress|candidate=Sarda Rai Subba|votes=45,473|percentage=28.53|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of Revolutionary Marxists|candidate=Govind Chettri|votes=8,982|percentage=5.63|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Gorkha Rashtriya Congress|candidate=Ashok Kumar Lepcha|votes=3,716|percentage=2.33|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above (India)|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=5,817|percentage=3.65|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=49,913|percentage=31.32|change={{Down}}38.07}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=159,374|percentage=67.11|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link |
|winner = Gorkha Janmukti Morcha
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2011 Election ===

In the [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], Trilok Dewan of GJM defeated his nearest rival Bim Subba of GNLF.

{{Election box begin | title= [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Darjeeling}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Gorkha Janmukti Morcha
|candidate = Trilok Dewan
|votes = 1,20,532
|percentage = 78.50
|change = Winner
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Gorkha National Liberation Front
|candidate = Bim Subba
|votes = 13,997
|percentage = 9.11
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Akhil Bharatiya Gorkha League
|candidate = Bharati Tamang
|votes = 11,198
|percentage = 7.29
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = K.B. Wattar
|votes = 5,353
|percentage = 3.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Nahakul Chandra Chhetri
|votes = 2,463
|percentage = 1.60
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,06,535
|percentage = 69.39
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,53,523
|percentage = 70.44
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Gorkha Janmukti Morcha
|loser = Gorkha National Liberation Front
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Darjeeling}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Darjeeling district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Darjeeling]]

Shibli Nomani

2026-05-07T19:37:03Z

StaciWinslow: made initial article basic info

{{Short description|Indian Islamic scholar and philosopher (1857–1914)}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[Shamsul Ulama]] [[Order of the Medjidie|OM]]
| name = Shibli Nomani
| image = Shibli Nomani.jpg
| office1 = Professor at [[Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College]]
| term_start1 = 1882
| term_end1 = 1898
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| office2 = Secretary of Education Department at [[Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama]]
| term_start2 = 1905
| term_end2 = 1913
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1857|06|04}}
| birth_place = [[Azamgarh district|Azamgarh]], [[North-Western Provinces]], [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1914|11|18|1857|06|03}}
| father = Shaikh Habibullah
| mother = Moqeema Khatoon
| spouse = {{Marriage|Majidunnessa|1876}}
| children = 3
| module2 = {{Infobox religious biography
|embed = yes
|denomination = [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
|Maddhab =
|creed =
| movement = {{unbulleted list|[[Aligarh Movement]]|[[Nadwatul Ulama]]}}
|nationality = Indian
|main_interests = [[Literature]], [[history]], [[modernism]], [[Islamic philosophy]], [[politics]], [[education]]
|notable_works = {{unbulleted list|[[Darul Musannefin Shibli Academy]]|[[Shibli National College, Azamgarh|Shibli National College]]|[[Madrasatul Islah]]}}
|literary_works= ''Al-Farooq'' (1899), ''Sirat al-Nabi'' (1918)
|teacher = [[Ahmad Ali Saharanpuri]] [[Faizul Hasan Saharanpuri]]
|influences = [[Syed Ahmad Khan]] [[Thomas Walker Arnold]]
|influenced = [[Muhammad Iqbal]] [[Mahatma Gandhi|Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi]] [[Maulana Azad|Abul Kalam Azad]] [[Hussain Ahmad Madani]] [[Sulaiman Nadvi]] [[Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi]] [[Hamiduddin Farahi]] [[Amin Ahsan Islahi]] [[Javed Ahmad Ghamidi]] [[Mohammad Ali Jauhar]] [[Saifuddin Kitchlew]] [[Abdul Salam Nadwi]] [[Iqbal Suhail]] [[Zafar Ali Khan]] [[Abdul Bari Nadvi]]
|awards = {{Unbulleted list|[[Order of the Medjidie]] by the [[Ottoman Empire]]|[[Shamsul Ulama]] by the [[British Empire]]}}
|website = {{URL|shibliacademy.org}}
}}
}}
'''Shibli Nomani''' (4 June 1857 – 18 November 1914) was an Indian [[Ulama|Islamic scholar]], [[poet]], [[Philosophy|philosopher]], [[historian]], educational thinker, author, orator, reformer and [[critic]] of [[Orientalism|orientalists]] during the [[British Raj]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yeaqub |first=Md |date=2018 |title=Analytical Study Of Allamah Shibli's Persian Poetry |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Analytical_Study_Of_Allamah_Shibli%27s_Persian_Poetry.pdf |journal=Global Journal for Research Analysis |language=en |volume=7 |issue=10 |pages=88 |issn=2277-8160}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How Urdu and India Influenced Afghan and Iranian Reformers |url=https://thewire.in/culture/how-urdu-and-india-influenced-afghan-and-iranian-reformers |access-date=2023-03-27 |website=thewire.in}}</ref> He is regarded as the father of Urdu [[historiography]].<ref name=":oxford">{{Citation |last=Esposito |first=John L. |title=Shibli Numani, Muhammad |date=2003 |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195125580.001.0001/acref-9780195125580-e-2188 |work=[[The Oxford Dictionary of Islam]] |editor-last= |editor-first= |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |language=en |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195125580.001.0001 |isbn=978-0-19-512558-0|url-access=subscription }}</ref> He was also proficient in Arabic and Persian languages.{{Sfn|Yeaqub|2018|p=88}} Shibli was associated with two influential movements in the region, the [[Aligarh Movement|Aligarh]] and the [[Nadwatul Ulama|Nadwa]] movements.<ref>{{Citation |last=Zaman |first=Maheen |title=Shibli Numani |date=2018 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1267-3_877 |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Indian Religions: Islam, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism |series=Encyclopedia of Indian Religions |pages=635–636 |editor-last=Kassam |editor-first=Zayn R. |access-date= |place=Dordrecht |publisher=Springer Netherlands |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-94-024-1267-3_877 |isbn=978-94-024-1267-3 |editor2-last=Greenberg |editor2-first=Yudit Kornberg |editor3-last=Bagli |editor3-first=Jehan|url-access=subscription }}</ref> As a supporter of the [[Deobandi movement|Deobandi school]], he believed that English language and European sciences should be incorporated into the education system.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhardwaj |first=Dr Kamal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3d9UDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT322 |title=History of Modern India |date=2002-01-01 |publisher=Prabhat Prakashan |isbn=978-93-5266-745-1 |pages=322–323 |language=en}}</ref> Shibli wrote several biographies of Muslim heroes, convinced that Muslims of his time could learn valuable lessons from the past.<ref name=":oxford" /> His synthesis of past and modern ideas contributed significantly to Islamic literature produced in Urdu between 1910 and 1935.<ref>{{Citation |last=Abdullah |first=Mohammad |title=Shorter Encyclopaedia of Islam |url=https://archive.org/details/IslamicOthersBooks/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%20%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%80%20%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7%20%20%E0%A7%A8/page/n383 |pages=383–384 |year=1982 |edition=5th |location=Sherbangla Nagar, Dhaka |publisher=[[Islamic Foundation Bangladesh]] |language=bn |isbn=984-06-0252-7}}</ref> Shibli established the [[Darul Musannefin Shibli Academy]] in 1914 to promote Islamic scholarship and also founded the [[Shibli National College, Azamgarh|Shibli National College]] in 1883. He collected much material on the life of Muhammad, and completed the first two volumes of the planned work, ''Sirat al-Nabi''. His disciple, [[Sulaiman Nadvi]], added to this material and wrote the remaining five volumes after Shibli's death.

== Biography ==
=== Early life ===
Nomani was born on 4 June 1857 in Bindwal near Azamgarh into a [[Muslim Rajputs|Muslim Rajput]] family, his ancestor Sheoraj Singh being a [[Bais (clan)|Bais]] who accepted Islam many generations ago,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Khan|first=Javed Ali|title=Early Urdu Historiography|publisher=Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Public Library|year=2005|pages=226}}</ref> to Habibullah and Moqeema Khatoon.<ref name=shibliacademy>[http://www.shibliacademy.org/Allama_Shibli_Nomani Profile of Shibli Nomani on shibliacademy.org website] Published 11 March 2009, Retrieved 16 July 2020</ref> He was named after [[Abu Bakr al-Shibli]] who was a [[Sufi]] saint and a disciple of [[Junayd of Baghdad|Junayd Baghdadi]]. Later in life, he added "Nomani" to his name.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Suhail |first=Iqbāl |title=Sīrat-i Shiblī |publisher=Al-Islah |year=1936 |location=Azamgarh |pages=52 |language=ur |oclc=905801607}}</ref> Although his younger brothers went to [[London]], [[England]] for education (and later returned, one as a barrister employed at [[Allahabad High Court]]), Nomani received a traditional Islamic education.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nadvī |first=Sayyid Sulaimān |title=Ḥayāt-i Shiblī |publisher=Ma'arif press |year=1943 |location=Azamgarh |pages=75 |language=ur |oclc=37282205}}</ref> His teacher was Muhammad Farooq Chirayakoti, a rationalist scholar.{{Sfn|Mahmud|2016|p=11}}

Nomani therefore had reasons to be both attracted and repelled by Aligarh. Even after he had secured a post as a teacher of Persian and Arabic at Aligarh, he always found the intellectual atmosphere at the college disappointing, and eventually left Aligarh because he found it uncongenial, although he did not officially resign from the college until after the death of founder [[Sir Syed Ahmed Khan]] in 1898.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.shibliacademy.org/Allama_Shibli_Nomani/Allama_Shibli_Nomani_by_Ian_Henderson|title=A Biographical sketch of Shibli Nomani by Dr. Ian Henderson Douglas | Darul Musannefin Shibli Academy}}</ref>

===In the Middle East===
He taught Persian and Arabic languages for 16 years at Aligarh, where he met [[Thomas Walker Arnold|Thomas Arnold]] and other British scholars, discussing modern Western ideas with them. He travelled with Arnold in 1892 to the [[Ottoman Empire]] including [[Ottoman Syria|Syria]], Turkey, and [[Khedivate of Egypt|Egypt]], and gained direct experience of their societies. In Istanbul, he received a medal from [[Abdul Hamid II|Sultan Abdul Hamid II]].<ref name="Hasan">Hasan, Mushirul. "Pan-Islamism versus Indian Nationalism? A Reappraisal." ''Economic and Political Weekly'' (1986): 1075.</ref><ref>{{TDV Encyclopedia of Islam |first1=Anis |last1=Ahmad |first2=M.Sait |last2=Özervarli |title=ŞİBLÎ NU‘MÂNÎ |url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/sibli-numani |volume=39 |pages=126-129}}</ref> In [[Cairo]], he met noted Islamic scholar [[Muhammad Abduh]] (1849-1905).<ref name=shibliacademy2>[http://www.shibliacademy.org/Allama_Shibli_Nomani/Allama_Shibli_Nomani_by_Ian_Henderson Profile of Shibli Nomani by Ian Henderson Douglas on shibliacademy.org website] Published 16 March 2009, Retrieved 16 July 2020</ref>

===In Hyderabad and Lucknow===
After the death of Sir Syed Ahmed in 1898, he left [[Aligarh University]] and became an advisor in the Education Department of [[Hyderabad State]]. He initiated many reforms in the Hyderabad education system. From his policy, the [[Osmania University]] of Hyderabad adopted [[Urdu]] as the medium of instruction. Before that, no other university of India had adopted any vernacular language as the medium of instruction in higher studies. In 1905, he left [[Hyderabad]] and went to [[Lucknow]] as principal and driving force of the [[Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama]], a madrasa founded by the [[Nadwatul Ulama]]. He introduced reforms in the school's teaching and curriculum. He stayed at the school for five years, but the orthodox class of scholars became hostile towards him, and he had to leave Lucknow to settle in the area around his hometown, [[Azamgarh]] in 1913.<ref name=shibliacademy2/>

===Founding of Darul Mussanifin===
Earlier at Nadwa, he had wanted to establish ''Darul Musannifin'' or the ''House of Writers'' but he could not do this at that time. He bequeathed his bungalow and mango orchard and motivated the members of his clan and relatives to do the same and had succeeded. He wrote letters to his disciples and other eminent persons and sought their co-operation. Eventually one of his disciples, [[Syed Sulaiman Nadvi]] fulfilled his dream and established ''Darul Musannifin'' at Azamgarh. The first formal meeting of the institution was held on 21 November 1914, within three days of his death.<ref name=shibliacademy/><ref name=OpenLibrary>[https://openlibrary.org/authors/OL2384A/Allama_Muhammad_Shibli_Nomani Profile and publications of Allama Muhammad Shibli Nomani on Open Library.org website (Internet Archive)] Retrieved 16 July 2020</ref>

=== Death ===
In August 1914 he went to [[Allahabad]] on the news of his elder brother's illness. Two weeks later his brother died. He then moved to [[Azamgarh]]. There he developed the basic concept of Darul Musannifin. He died on 18 November 1914.<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Mahmud |first=Minhaj Uddin |title=Contribution of Allama Shibli Nu'mani to Urdu Literature |url=http://repository.library.du.ac.bd:8080/bitstream/handle/123456789/886/Minhaj%20Uddin.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |publisher=[[University of Dhaka]] |year=2016 |location=Bangladesh |language=bn |type=PhD |page=17}}</ref>

== Ideology==
Nomani and Syed Ahmed wished for the welfare of Muslims and wanted to have Western thinking and style come along with it. However, Sir Syed wanted to save the Muslims from the wrath of the British rulers after their active participation in the ''[[War of Independence of 1857]]'', called the "[[Sepoy Mutiny]]" by the British, whereas Shibli wanted to make them self-reliant and self-respecting by regaining their lost heritage and tradition.<ref name=shibliacademy/>

===Aligarh movement===
According to some scholars, Shibli was against the [[Aligarh movement]]. He opposed the ideology of [[Sir Syed]] and that is why he was debarred from the services of [[Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College]]. [[Kamleshwar (writer)|Kamleshwar]] wrote a novel 'Kitne Pakistan' (How Many Pakistan?)<ref>Kitne Pakistan, Rajpal & Sons, 2004. {{ISBN|81-7028-320-5}}</ref> and in that novel he portrays Nomani as a narrow-minded Muslim theologian. In another book, 'Ataturk Fi Karbala' by Arif ul Islam, the author alleged that Shibli was not happy with Sir Syed's policies and ideologies and was involved vehemently against [[Aligarh movement]].<ref>Ataturk Fi Karbala, by Dr. Arif Ul Islam, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 2007</ref>

==Legacy==
Nomani had two daughters, Rabia Khatoon and Jannutul Fatima, and one son, Hamid Hassan Nomani.<ref name=shibliacademy/> This son was born in 1882 and died in 1942. He had another son who died soon after birth, and five daughters. They are:
* Naseem Jehan, retired director of health, Bangladesh, died in Karachi in 1994. She was married in 1940 to Dr Zafrul Huda of [[Dhaka University]]. He died in 1978 at Dhaka. They have one daughter.
* Shamim Jehan (died in [[Karachi]] in 2005), married in 1940 to Ehtesham Ahmed, who died in 1982. They have eight sons and seven daughters.
* Tehseen Jehan, married in 1940 to Shaukat Sultan, principal of [[Shibli National College, Azamgarh]]. She is living in Karachi, Pakistan these days. They have three sons and four daughters.
* Mohsina Sultana, married in 1950 to Amanullah Khan, director of industries, Uttar Pradesh, India. They have four sons and one daughter.
* Momina Sultan, married in 1952 to Captain Khan Sohail Sultan. They have four sons.

[[Pakistan Postal Services]] issued a commemorative postage stamp in his honor in its 'Pioneers of Freedom' series in 1992.<ref>[https://1.bp.blogspot.com/_SJrIiNNNtWI/SozaPYx1UKI/AAAAAAAAA7U/4oX26b6kHHU/s1600-h/1992-7.JPG Detailed image of commemorative postage stamp to honor Shibli Nomani] Retrieved 16 July 2020</ref>

=== The Shibli Project ===
The Shibli Project, undertaken by the Department of Arabic at Jamia Millia Islamia, aims to preserve the legacy of Shibli Nomani and make his works accessible to a wider audience. As part of the Shibli Project, students are encouraged to study the life of Shibli and his books. They are asked to write articles on the various shades of his life and to write reviews of his works. Students are also encouraged to make projects that showcase his life and contributions and to prepare charts related to his life. The Shibli Project also seeks to promote compatibility among the disciplines of Urdu, Islamiyat, and History. As part of this effort, students are encouraged to study Shibli's poetic works and to organise educational tours to Darul Musannifin, Azamgarh, and Lucknow to meet with Shibli's disciples and gain more insight into his life and works. One of the highlights of the Shibli Project is an exhibition on his life and contributions. The exhibition showcases the various facets of Shibli's life and works, including his scholarship, poetry, and activism. It also provides visitors with a glimpse into the cultural and intellectual milieu of early 20th-century India.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/bitstream/10603/210671/8/08_second%20chapter.pdf |title=Jamia Millia Islamia's Contributions To Islamic Studies Since 1920 |pages=41–42 |language=en}}</ref>

==Works==
[[Shamsur Rahman Faruqi]], the poet, author, critic and literary theorist argued that Shibli's work has been unjustly dealt with:<ref name=Faruqi/>{{verify source|date=October 2021|reason=How to verify attribution of quote? Is lecture available in printed or online form?}}
{{Blockquote
|text=
While [[Maulana Aslam Jairajpuri]] pointed out errors in ''Sher-ul-Ajam'', it was not mentioned that Shibli was the first to write a biography of [[Maulana Rumi]]. Though differences between [[Sir Syed]] and Shibli are highlighted, it has not been pointed out that in spite of Sir Syed's opposition to the writing of ''Al-Farooq'', Shibli never complained about it. Sir Syed lamented that Shibli's Persian poetry was never tested on its merit and was wrongly associated with his acquaintance with an enlightened intellectual lady of the time, Madam [[Atiya Fyzee]].
|author=Shamsur Rahman Faruqi
|title=Shibli Nomani Annual Extension Lecture (2011)
}}
Faruqi refuted [[S. M. Ikram]]'s claim in this regard and subtly highlighted the delicacy of Shibli's thought moulded into his Persian poetry.<ref name=Faruqi>Shamsur Rahman Faruqi, Shibli Nomani Annual Extension Lecture 2011, [http://shibliacademy.org/home Darul Musannefin Shibli Academy, Azamgarh]</ref>

Shibli was inspired by the progress of science and education in the West. He wanted to inspire the Muslims to make similar progress by having recourse to their lost heritage and culture, and warned them against getting lost in Western culture. "Ultimately, the Nadwa gave up its notions of uniting occidental and oriental knowledge and concentrated on Islamic scholarship, and on the dissemination of biographical and historical writing in Urdu. Shibli's own writings set the pattern for the latter."<ref name=shibliacademy/> In keeping with this goal, he wrote the following books:

* ''[[Sirat-un-Nabi]]''<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=pQITLEsFFSYC&q=hallaj+kaba Sirat-un-Nabi book on GoogleBooks website] Retrieved 16 July 2020</ref> (Life of the Prophet) Shibli Nomani started to write this book but he died in 1914, then his student [[Sulaiman Nadvi]] took over the responsibility of finishing it and finally completed this book.<ref name=APP/><ref name=OpenLibrary/>
* ''[[Sirat-un-Noman]]''
* ''Al-Faruq'', (a biography of the [[Caliphate|Caliph]] [[Omar Farooq]])<ref name=shibliacademy/><ref name=APP>[https://www.app.com.pk/national/national/versatile-scholar-shibli-nomani-remembered-today/ Versatile Scholar Shibli Nomani remembered today] Associated Press Of Pakistan website, Published 18 November 2019, Retrieved 16 July 2020</ref>
* ''[[Al-Ma'mun]]''
* ''[[Al-Ghazali (book)|Al-Ghazali]]'', (a biography of [[al-Ghazali]])<ref name=rekhta>[https://rekhta.org/poets/shibli-nomani/profile Profile of Shibli Nomani on rekhta.org website] Retrieved 16 July 2020</ref><ref name=OpenLibrary/>
* ''[[Ibn Taymiyyah|Imam Ibn-e-Tamia]]'' (edited by Mohammad Tanzeel-ul-Siddiqi al-Husaini),<ref>Kumar, Akriti. "SHIBLI NOMANI AND THE MAKING OF NADWATUL’L ULUM." Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. Vol. 78. Indian History Congress, 2017.</ref>
* [[Sawanih Maulana Rum]]
* ''[[Aurangzeb Alamgir par ek nazar]]''
* ''Sher-ul-ʻAjam'', a history of Persian poetry
* ''[[Ilm-ul-Kalam]]'', a history of Muslim theology
* ''[[Al-Kalam (book)|Al-Kalam]]'', foundation of modern Kalam
* ''[[Safarnama Rum-o-Misr-o-Sham]]'', a travelogue of [[Kingdom of Italy|Rome]], [[Khedivate of Egypt|Egypt]], [[Ottoman Syria|Syria]] and [[Turkey#Seljuks and the Ottoman Empire|Turkey]] along with his scholar companion [[Thomas Walker Arnold]] in 1892<ref name=rekhta/><ref name=APP/><ref name=OpenLibrary/>
* ''[[An Enquiry Into the Destruction of the Ancient Alexandrian Library]]''
* ''[[Al-Jizya]]''

== See also ==
* [[Bibliography of Shibli Nomani]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Sister project links|wikt=no|n=no}}
{{Aligarh}}
{{Hanafi scholars}}
{{Islamic theology}}
{{Maturidi}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shibli Nomani}}
[[Category:Shibli Nomani]]
[[Category:Deobandis]]
[[Category:Aligarh Movement]]
[[Category:1857 births]]
[[Category:1914 deaths]]
[[Category:Hanafis]]
[[Category:People from Azamgarh district]]
[[Category:Writers from Lucknow]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama]]
[[Category:Urdu-language religious writers]]
[[Category:Urdu-language travel writers]]
[[Category:Urdu-language writers from British India]]
[[Category:20th-century Urdu-language writers]]
[[Category:Literary critics of Urdu]]
[[Category:Urdu-language theologians]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian philosophers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian philosophers]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Scholars from Lucknow]]
[[Category:Indian travel writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Maturidis]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Persian-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Indian Islamic religious leaders]]
[[Category:Islam in India]]
[[Category:Founders of Indian schools and colleges]]
[[Category:Muslim reformers]]
[[Category:Mujaddid]]
[[Category:Indian magazine founders]]

Nissing

2026-05-03T18:13:01Z

StaciWinslow: Starting a stub.

{{more citations needed|date=November 2025}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name =
| native_name = ਨਿਸੰਗ
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = निसंग
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = Gurudwara rori sahib nissing.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Gurudwara rori sahib
| pushpin_map = India Haryana#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Haryana, India
| coordinates = {{coord|29.69|N|76.75|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Haryana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Karnal district|Karnal]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[municipal committee]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 237
| population_total = 17438
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]] [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal code]]
| postal_code = 132024
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 01745
| blank2_name = Sex Ratio
| blank2_info = 904:1000 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| registration_plate = HR
| website = {{URL|karnal.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
| official_name = Nisang
}}
'''Nisang''' or '''Nissing ''' is a city and a [[municipal committee]] in [[Karnal district]] in the Indian state of [[Haryana]]. It is located 20 km west of [[Karnal]] on Kaithal Pundri Karnal Highway.

==Religious places==
[[File: Shiv mandir nissing .jpg |thumb|left|Shiv Mandir]]
* Gurudwara Rori Sahib
* Shiv Mandir temple

==Education==

=== Private Schools ===
* Brahmanand public school, Nissing <ref>{{Cite web | title=Brahmanand Public School, Nissing | url=https://bpsnissing.com/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507221527/http://bpsnissing.com/ | access-date=2025-11-22 | archive-date=7 May 2013 | url-status=live }}</ref>
* J.P.S Academy,nissing <ref>{{Cite web | title=JPS ACADEMY NISSING | url=http://www.jpsacademynissing.com | access-date=2025-11-22 | website=www.jpsacademynissing.com}}</ref>

=== College ===

* Mata Sundri Khalsa Girls College <ref>{{Cite web | title=Mata Sundri Khalsa Girls College – Nissing, Karnal (Haryana) | url=https://mskgcnissing.com | access-date=2025-11-22 | website=mskgcnissing.com}}</ref>
* [[Govt. Industrial Training Institute, Nissing]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gitinissing.com/|title=INDUSTRIAL TRAINING INSTITUTE NISSING(HARYANA)|website=www.gitinissing.com}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Karnal district]]

Bishangarh

2026-05-01T14:44:39Z

StaciWinslow: started new data w/ infobox

{{more citations needed|date=October 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bishangarh
| settlement_type = बिशनगढ़
| image_skyline = Kailash Dham Bishangarh.jpg
| caption = Kailash Dham, Bishangarh
| image_alt =
| nickname = Twin City of Jalore
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|25.44|N|72.56|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of Divisions of Rajasthan|Division]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[Sub-district]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_name2 = Pali
| subdivision_name3 = [[Jalore district|Jalore]]
| subdivision_name4 = Bishangarh
| government_type = [[Municipal council (India)|Municipal Council]]
| governing_body = Bishangarh Nagar Palika (Gram Panchayat)
| leader_title1 = Mayor(s)
| leader_name1 =
| leader_title2 = [[Member of Parliament]]
| leader_name2 = [[Devji Patel]] ([[BJP]])
| leader_title3 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly]]
| leader_name3 = Jogeshwar Garg ([[BJP]])
| leader_title4 = Collector & DM
| leader_name4 =
Indian Administrative Service
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_metro_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 148.38
| population_total = 10,000+
| population_as_of = 2021 Census
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products__rajasthan.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429055242/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products__rajasthan.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 April 2011|title=Census of India : Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011 : Rajasthan|last=ORGI}} </ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_metro =
| population_metro_footnotes =
| population_rank =
| population_demonym = Marwari
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 343042
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code =
| iso_code =
| registration_plate = RJ-16
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marwari language|Marwari]], [[Hindi]], [[English language|English]]
| official_name =
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Jalore]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Jalore Lok Sabha constituency|Jalore]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Jalore (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Jalore]]
}}

'''Bishangarh''' is a village in the Indian state of [[Rajasthan]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Final population totals, Rajasthan, District Jalor - 2001 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/20164 |publisher=Census Digital Library |access-date=30 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=थाने का शुभारंभ:बिशनगढ़ में जिले का 18वां थाना शुरू, 18 पुलिसकर्मी, 26 गांव रहेंगे दायरे में |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/jalore/news/18th-police-station-of-the-district-started-in-bishangarh-18-policemen-26-villages-will-remain-under-the-ambit-130073246.html |access-date=30 October 2023 |work=bhaskar.com}}</ref> It is the [[twin cities|twin city]] of [[Jalore]].{{citation needed|date=October 2023}} It was historically part of the [[Kingdom of Marwar]], which is now part of Rajasthan. Bishangarh is expected to become the administrative headquarters of the Bishangarh [[Tehsil]], including more than 26 villages and towns.

== Geography ==
According to Census 2011 information Bishangarh is located in Jalore district in Rajasthan, Bharat. It is situated 16 km away from Jalore, which is district headquarter of Bishangarh. As per 2009 stats, Bishangarh was also a gram panchayat.<ref name=":0" />

The total geographical area of Bishangarh is 1979.07 hectares. Bishangarh has a total population of 4,074 peoples, out of which male population is 2,039+ while female population is 2,035+.{{citation needed|date=October 2023}} Literacy rate of Bishangarh is 54.37% out of which 65.87% males and 42.85% females are literate. There are about 716+ houses in Bishangarh. Pincode of Bishangarh locality is 343042.<ref name=":0" />

Jalore is nearest town to Bishangarh for all major economic activities, which is approximately 16 km away.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Jalore district]]

Karobaar

2026-04-20T04:53:14Z

StaciWinslow:

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{infobox film
| name = Karobaar
| image = Karobaar, The Business of Love.jpg
| caption = Film poster
| director = [[Rakesh Roshan]]
| producer = Gava<ref>{{cite book|title=Rashtriya Sahara|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-iRuAAAAMAAJ|volume=8|year=2000|publisher=Sahara India Mass Communication|page=89}}</ref>
| writer = Sagar Sarhadi (dialogues)
| screenplay = [[Sachin Bhowmick]] Ravi Kapoor
| starring = [[Rishi Kapoor]] [[Anil Kapoor]] [[Juhi Chawla]]
| music = '''Songs:''' [[Rajesh Roshan]] '''Background Score:''' [[Surinder Sodhi]]
| cinematography = Sameer Arya
| editing = [[Sanjay Verma]]
|studio = TVM International
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2000|09|15|df=y}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{Estimation}} {{INR|6 [[crore]]}}
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR|2.84 [[crore]]}}
}}

'''''Karobaar: The Business of Love''''', shortly called '''''Karobaar''''' is a 2000 Indian [[Bollywood|Hindi]] [[romantic thriller]] film directed by [[Rakesh Roshan]]. The film stars [[Rishi Kapoor]] (in a Double Role), along with [[Anil Kapoor]], [[Juhi Chawla]] in the lead roles. Inspired by ''[[Indecent Proposal]]'', the film began production in 1992 and was plagued by production problems and was finally released in 2000.<ref name="Rediff">{{cite web |last1=Tuteja |first1=Joginder |title=The Top 10 Flops from 20 Years Ago |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/special/the-top-10-flops-from-20-years-ago/20200415.htm |work=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=1 May 2020 |date=15 April 2020 |archive-date=15 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415141024/https://www.rediff.com/movies/special/the-top-10-flops-from-20-years-ago/20200415.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Plot==
Wealthy Rajiv Sinha and middle class Amar Saxena are childhood friends with similar likes. Coincidentally they fall in love with the same girl Seema. Rajiv tries to dissuade Amar from marrying Seema using a pretext but Amar is adamant and marries Seema. Soon he learns Rajiv's pretext was a way of separating him and Seema. They become bitter enemies. Soon Rajiv is charged with killing a girl. Amar, now a lawyer, decides to retaliate against Rajiv.

==Cast==
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
* [[Rishi Kapoor]] as Advocate Amar Saxena / Rohit Saxena (Double Role)
* [[Anil Kapoor]] as Rajiv Sinha
* [[Juhi Chawla]] as Seema Saxena
* [[Tisca Chopra]] as Neelam
* [[Navin Nischol]] as Rajesh Puri
* [[Tinu Anand]] as Ramlal Shyamlal
* [[Asrani]] as Champak
* [[Dinesh Hingoo]] as Bhojwani
* [[Aasif Sheikh]] as Ramlal's Son
{{div col end}}

==Production==
The film started production in 1993 but faced delays for several years. Rishi Kapoor completed his scenes for the film in May, 1998.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Srinivasan |first1=V S |title='I will be back! But goodbye for now' |url=https://www.rediff.com/entertai/1998/may/20sh.htm |work=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=1 May 2020 |date=20 May 1998 |archive-date=20 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230820162736/https://www.rediff.com/entertai/1998/may/20sh.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Karobaar
| type = [[Soundtrack album]]
| artist = [[Rajesh Roshan]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 17 June 2000
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label = [[Venus Records & Tapes]]
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}
The music is composed by [[Rajesh Roshan]], while the lyrics are written by [[Javed Akhtar]].

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"
! Song !! Singer
|-
| "Aao Aur Na Socho"
| [[Kumar Sanu]]
|-
| "Suno Na Suno Na"
| [[Kumar Sanu]], [[Alka Yagnik]]
|-
| "Chahiye Milne Ka"
| [[Kumar Sanu]], [[Alka Yagnik]]
|-
| "Aarzoo Ki Rahon"
| [[Udit Narayan]], [[Alka Yagnik]]
|-
| "Duniya Mein Sabse Jo Gehra"
| [[Kumar Sanu]], [[Udit Narayan]], [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
| "Moujo Mein Ae Sanam"
| [[Alisha Chinoy]]
|-
|}

==Reception==
Indu Mirani wrote for [[Sify]] that the film had "nothing even remotely attractive about it".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mirani |first1=Indu |title=Karobaar |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/karobaar-review--pcluaLhbgehfa.html |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=2 May 2020 |date=17 April 2003}}{{dead link|date=September 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} {{Rating|3|5}}</ref> In his review for ''[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]'', Sanjeev Bariana wrote that the film's "storyline seems unconvincing and rather dragged".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bariana |first1=Sanjeev |title=Film Review : "Indecent" Borrowing |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000917/cth2.htm |access-date=2 May 2020 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |date=16 September 2000 |archive-date=20 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230820193902/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000917/cth2.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Joginder Tuteja described the film as a "mega disaster".<ref name="Rediff" /> Rishita Roy Chowdhury of [[India Today]] in a retrospective review in 2021, wrote that "the film tried to add desi twists to the Hollywood hit, Indecent Proposal, and failed miserably."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/anil-kapoor-s-karobaar-was-an-indecent-desi-version-of-indecent-proposal-on-wahiyat-wednesday-1853147-2021-09-15|title=Anil Kapoor's Karobaar was an indecent desi version of Indecent Proposal. On Wahiyat Wednesday|website=India Today}}</ref>

It performed poorly at the box-office.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anil Kapoor |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/jan/05slid8.htm |work=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=1 May 2020 |date=5 January 2001 |archive-date=20 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230820162737/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/jan/05slid8.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> According to the Indian film trade website [[Box Office India]], it was produced at an estimated budget of {{INRConvert|6.00|c}} and had a worldwide gross of {{INRConvert|2.84|c}}.<ref name="BOI">{{cite web |title=Karobaar |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=746 |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=1 May 2020 |archive-date=16 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616222744/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=746 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0116748}}
*[http://www.indicine.com/bollywood/karobaar/ Karobaar Details] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823191830/http://www.indicine.com/bollywood/karobaar/ |date=23 August 2011 }}

{{Rakesh Roshan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Karobaar: The Business Of Love}}
[[Category:2000 films]]
[[Category:2000 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic thriller films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Rakesh Roshan]]
[[Category:Films scored by Rajesh Roshan]]
[[Category:Films scored by Surinder Sodhi]]
[[Category:2000s romantic thriller films]]

{{2000s-Hindi-film-stub}}
{{2000s-romance-film-stub}}

Srijit Mukherji

2026-04-18T15:30:53Z

StaciWinslow: adjusted formatting after review and updated info

{{short description|Indian actor, film director and screenwriter}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Srijit Mukherji
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Srijit Mukherji on screening of Begum Jaan.jpg
| image_size =
| alt = Man, in red shirt
| caption = Mukherji at screening of Begum Jaan
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1977|09|23}}
| birth_place = [[Bhawanipore]], [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Film director|Screenwriter|Actor|Lyricist}}
| education = [[Presidency University, Kolkata]] [[University of Calcutta]] [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]]
| years_active = 2010–present
| notable_works = [[Chotushkone]], [[Baishe Srabon]],[[Jaatiswar]], [[Gumnaami]],[[Hemlock Society]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Rafiath Rashid Mithila]]|2019}}
| parents =
| relatives = [[Arati Mukhopadhyay]] (Aunt)
| awards = 5 National Film Awards, 5 WBFJA Awards, State Awards (Govt. Of West Bengal)
}}

'''Srijit Mukherji''' (born 23 September 1977) is an Indian film director and screenwriter who predominantly works in [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali cinema]].
His regular collaboration with veteran actor [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]] brought him into the limelight. His first feature film ''[[autograph (2010 film)|Autograph]]'' (2010), was a critical and commercial success, where he had written the script with Chatterjee in mind. His fifth film, ''[[Jaatishwar]],'' won four national awards at India's [[61st National Film Awards]] (2014). He won the [[National Film Award for Best Direction]] and [[National Film Award for Best Screenplay|Best Original Screenplay]] for his sixth film, ''[[Chotushkone]],'' at India's 62nd National Film Awards.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/62nd-national-film-awards-complete-list-of-winners-977075.html|title=62nd National Film Awards: Complete list of winners|website=News18|access-date=2020-01-12}}</ref> His eighth film, ''[[Rajkahini]]'' had been remade into a Hindi film titled, ''[[Begum Jaan (2017 film)|Begum Jaan]]'', starring [[Vidya Balan]] in 2017. His 2018 release ''[[Ek Je Chhilo Raja]]'' won the 'Best Bengali Film' Award at India's [[66th National Film Awards]]. His 2019 film [[Gumnaami]] won him the Best Bengali Film and [[National Film Award for Best Screenplay|Best Adapted Screenplay]] Awards at the [[67th National Film Awards]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/66th-national-film-awards-list-of-winners-1579143-2019-08-09|title=66th National Film Awards: Full winners list|newspaper=India Today|language=en|access-date=2020-01-12|agency=Ist}}</ref>

==Early life==
Mukherji was born and brought up in Bhawanipore in Kolkata. He completed his schooling till 10th standard from Dolna Day School, Kolkata<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/srijit-mukherji-goes-back-to-school-with-zulfiqar/cid/1508379|title=Srijit Mukherji goes back to school with Zulfiqar|website=www.telegraphindia.com|language=en|access-date=2020-01-13}}</ref> and 12th from [[South Point School]], [[Kolkata]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/did-you-know/did-you-know-srijit-and-sujoy-were-classmates/articleshow/64987121.cms|title=Did you know Srijit and Sujoy were classmates! – Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=14 July 2018 |language=en|access-date=2020-01-13}}</ref> before studying BA economics at [[Presidency College, Kolkata]]. He went on to complete his MA and MPhil in [[environmental economics]] at [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]],<ref name=sen>{{cite news|last=Sen|first=Jaideep|title=Retirement Holmes|url=http://www.timeoutbengaluru.net/theatre/theatre_details.asp?code=171&source=1|access-date=20 October 2011|newspaper=Time Out Bengaluru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006123422/http://www.timeoutbengaluru.net/theatre/theatre_details.asp?code=171&source=1|archive-date=6 October 2011}}</ref> parallelly working as a social scientist in the Urban Transport and Pollution Sector with [[The Energy and Resources Institute|TERI]] in [[New Delhi]]. He quit his Ph.D. while in his first year, to join [[IRI (company)|IRI Symphony]], [[Bangalore]] as an econometrician and business analyst. After working in Bangalore and a brief stint in [[Delhi]], he quit his job to actively pursue theatre and films.<ref>{{cite news|last=Das|first=Mohua|title=Think like a sleuth|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090121/jsp/entertainment/story_10417517.jsp|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130204025008/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090121/jsp/entertainment/story_10417517.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 February 2013|access-date=20 October 2011|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=21 January 2009}}</ref>

==Career==
Even while working as an economist and statistician, he was actively involved with the English professional theatre circuit in [[Delhi]] and Bangalore. He has acted in ''Madness'', adapted from [[Paulo Coelho]]'s ''[[Veronica Decides To Die]]''; [[Manoj Mitra]]'s ''The Orchard of Banchharam''; [[Badal Sircar]]'s ''The Other Side of History''; Sunil Ganguly's ''Pratidwandi – The Adversary'', adapted for the stage from [[Satyajit Ray]]'s [[Pratidwandi|film of the same name]] and ''Lucknow 76''. He wrote and directed ''Mindgame'', an Indian adaptation of [[Reginald Rose]]'s ''[[Twelve Angry Men (story)|Twelve Angry Men]]'', at the Alliance Francaise De Bangalore in 2006. In April 2008, he formed his own troupe, Pandora's Act, whose first production, ''Feluda Pherot!'' at Rangashankara in July 2008 was a runaway success and was the first ever non-canonical dramatisation of Satyajit Ray's sleuth [[Feluda]].<ref name=sen/> [[Barun Chanda]], Ray's leading man in ''Seemabodhho'', and [[Parambrata Chatterjee]], the screen [[Topshe]] and film youth icon, starred in this production. In 2009, he wrote, directed and acted in the English play ''Checkmate'', a non-canonical re-interpretation of [[Byomkesh Bakshi]], [[Saradindu Bandopadhyay]]'s sleuth.<ref>{{cite news|last=Das|first=Mohua|title=Playpreview|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090515/jsp/entertainment/story_10964472.jsp|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130203143517/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090515/jsp/entertainment/story_10964472.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 February 2013|access-date=20 October 2011|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=15 May 2009}}</ref> He was an assistant director, lyricist and actor in both [[Anjan Dutt]]'s ''[[Madly Bangalee]]'' and [[Aparna Sen]]'s ''[[Iti Mrinalini]]'', in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|last=Chakrabarty|first=Pooja|title=Autograph is not a remake of Nayak|url=http://www.ilovekolkata.in/index.php/Movies/iAutograph/i-is-not-a-remake-of-iNayak/i.html|publisher=ILK|access-date=20 October 2011}}</ref> He has also written lyrics for films like ''[[Cross Connection]]'', ''[[Le Chakka]]'' and ''Josh'', TV serials like ''Coffee and More'' and ''[[Dadagiri (Hindi TV series)|Dadagiri]]'' and non-film albums of [[Usha Uthup]].

=== 2010–2012 ===
In 2010 Mukherji directed his debut feature film, the award-winning blockbuster – ''[[Autograph (2010 film)|Autograph]]'' (starring [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]], [[Indraneil Sengupta]] and [[Nandana Sen]]) which was both critically acclaimed and commercially successful. The film won 41 awards and was an official selection at Abu Dhabi International Film Festival 2010, MIAAC Film Festival in New York 2010, Glasgow International Film Festival 2011 and [[London Indian Film Festival]] 2011.<ref name="wbri">{{cite news|date=22 July 2010|title=Interview – SRIJIT MUKHERJEE|newspaper=Washington Bangla Radio|url=http://www.washingtonbanglaradio.com/content/7947910-interview-srijit-mukherjee-director-kolkata-bengali-movie-autograph-2010-starring-pr|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130209022633/http://www.washingtonbanglaradio.com/content/7947910-interview-srijit-mukherjee-director-kolkata-bengali-movie-autograph-2010-starring-pr|url-status=usurped|archive-date=9 February 2013|access-date=20 October 2011}}</ref>

In the same year he also made his acting debut on Bengali television in the [[Rituparno Ghosh]] scripted mega serial ''[[Gaaner Opare]]'', produced by Ideas Entertainment.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sen|first=Zinia|title=Acting is my first love: Srijit|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/Acting-is-my-first-love-Srijit/articleshow/6822272.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131026095742/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-10-28/news-interviews/28246731_1_srijit-mukherji-iti-mrinalini-feluda|url-status=live|archive-date=26 October 2013|access-date=20 October 2011|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=28 October 2010}}</ref>

His work in 2011 included a major role in Anindya Banerjee's ''Chaplin'' starring [[Rudranil Ghosh]] and his second film, {{Lang|bn-latn|[[Baishe Srabon]]}} starring [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]], [[Parambrata Chatterjee]], [[Raima Sen]], [[Abir Chatterjee]] and [[Gautam Ghose]], who returned to acting after a hiatus of 29 years. {{Lang|bn-latn|Baishe Srabon}} was recently the official selection at the Dubai International Film Festival and the closing film at the London Indian Film Festival, and had a 105-day run at the box office making it the biggest blockbuster of the year. {{Lang|bn-latn|Baishe Srabon}} has won 41 awards. His third feature film was ''[[Hemlock society (film)|Hemlock Society]]'', a romantic satire set at the backdrop of a school which teaches aspirants how to successfully commit suicide. It featured Parambrata Chatterjee and [[Koel Mallick]] and won 21 awards.

=== 2013–2016 ===
Mukherji's fourth film, ''[[Mishawr Rawhoshyo]]'', based on [[Kakababu]] with Prasenjit Chattopadhyay playing the lead character and [[Indraneil Sengupta]] playing the role of Hani Alkadi, has been declared as one of the biggest blockbusters ever and the highest earning urban mainstream film. He has acted in films like ''[[Dutta Vs Dutta]]'', ''[[Bapi Bari Jaa]]'' and the national award-winning ''[[Shobdo]]''. His fifth film ''[[Jaatishwar]]'', featuring [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]] and [[Jisshu Sengupta]], is generally considered to be the best in his career and most critically acclaimed. It is the musical bridge between two centuries of Bengali culture and a biopic cum a musical cum a reincarnation drama. At the 61st National Awards 2014, the highest film honour in India, it won 4 national awards for Music Direction, Playback Singing, Costume and Make up. This was the highest tally for a film in India this year, and the second highest ever for a Bengali film. It also swept the Mirchi Music Awards in 2015 winning 7 awards. The following year at the 62nd National Awards 2015, Chotushkone won him the Best Director and Best Original Screenplay awards, along with winning the Best Cinematography.

He also received the Young Achiever Award from Rotary International, the prestigious Shera Bangali Award from ABP Anando and the Shoilojanando Mukhopadhyay Memorial Award in 2012 for his contribution in the field of film direction. In 2013 he received the Uttam Kumar Memorial Award from the Government of West Bengal becoming the youngest director to achieve this. He has also received the oldest film award in India, the BFJA award, for remarkable contribution to Bengali Cinema in the last few years.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-24/news-interviews/31233578_1_srijit-mukherji-films-shooting/3| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131026100002/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-24/news-interviews/31233578_1_srijit-mukherji-films-shooting/3| url-status=dead| archive-date=26 October 2013|title=Hemlock is far from a morbid film: Srijit Mukherji|date=24 March 2012|access-date=30 March 2012| work=[[The Times of India]]|page=3}}</ref>

=== 2017–2020 ===
Mukherji has made his directorial debut in [[Bollywood]] with the film ''[[Begum Jaan (2017 film)|Begum Jaan]]'' which is a remake of his earlier [[Bengali language|Bengali]] film [[Rajkahini]]. [[Vidya Balan]] plays the lead role of a brothel's madam during the [[partition of India|partition of India in 1947]].<ref name="MM">{{cite news|url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/entertainment/bollywood/Vidya-Balan-on-the-write-track-with-Kamala-Das/articleshow/50937570.cms|title=Vidya Balan on the write track with Kamala Das|newspaper=[[Mumbai Mirror]]|date=11 February 2016|access-date=28 February 2016}}</ref><ref name="ToI Srijit debut">{{cite news|title=Srijit Mukherji makes his acting debut with 'Begum Jaan' – Times of India|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/Srijit-Mukherji-makes-his-acting-debut-with-Begum-Jaan/articleshow/54690859.cms|access-date=29 October 2016|work=The Times of India}}</ref>
He had two releases in 2018, [[Uma (2018 film)|Uma]] and [[Ek Je Chhilo Raja]]. Both featured [[Jisshu Sengupta]] and were box office superhits. The former went to 10 film festivals around the world and won 6 awards while the latter won 23 awards and went to 7 film festivals around the world including Palm Springs International Film Festival.
In 2018, it was reported that Mukherji will be directing a Junglee Pictures produced yet to be titled web-series in Hindi, based on the novel of noted novelist and blogger [[Arnab Ray]], The Mahabharata Murders. This will be his first foray into web-series direction.<ref name="Web series debut">{{cite news|title=Raazi co-producer Junglee Pictures to adapt The Mahabharata Murders for digital debut; Srijit Mukherji will helm web series|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/raazi-co-producer-junglee-pictures-to-adapt-the-mahabharata-murders-for-digital-debut-srijit-mukherji-will-helm-web-series-4425415.html|access-date=20 April 2018|work=Firstpost}}</ref>
In 2019, he has three releases [[Shahjahan Regency]], [[Vinci Da]] and [[Gumnaami]], the last two being both critical and commercial successes along with being a festival favourite. [[Gumnaami]] won the Best Bengali Feature Film and Best Adapted Screenplay Awards at the 67th National Film Awards. The sequel of ''Baishe Srabon'', named ''[[Dwitiyo Purush (film)|Dwitiyo Purush]]'', released in January 2020, after which he had a long gap without releases due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic|COVID-19]] pandemic.

He has also completed another web-series, ''Feluda Pherot'', which is based on two [[Feluda]] stories written by Satyajit Ray, ''Chhinomostar Obhishaap'' and ''Darjeeling Jomjomat''.{{clarify|reason=If these are books, or films, they should be italicised. If these are individual stories within books, they should be wrapped in double-quote marks.|date=December 2020}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/director-srijit-mukherji-to-launch-feluda-pherot-on-ott-platform-this-christmas-918600.html|title=Director Srijit Mukherji to launch 'Feluda Pherot' on OTT platform this Christmas|date=22 November 2020|website=Deccan Herald}}</ref>

=== 2021–2024 ===
In 2021 he had 4 releases, out of which 2 were Hindi films. He directed ''[[Kakababur Protyaborton]]'', which was based on the third film of the [[Kakababu]] franchise, it had Prosenjit Chatterjee as Kakababu, Aryann Bhowmik, Anirban Chakrabarti in the lead roles. His next release was ''[[X=Prem]]''. A [[black and white]] romance drama film with debutant actors, the film earned critical praise and received several awards and nominations at the [[6th Filmfare Awards Bangla]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Winners of the Joy Filmfare Awards Bangla 2022 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/winners-of-the-joy-filmfare-awards-bangla-2022_-57336.html}}</ref> and [[6th WBFJA Awards]].

His next projects that year were two Bollywood films: ''[[Sherdil: The Pilibhit Saga]]'' and ''[[Shabaash Mithu]]''. The latter was the biography of one of the most influential Indian female cricketer [[Mithali Raj]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Taapsee Pannu starring Shabaash Mithu releases on the big screen on July 15, 2022 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/taapsee-pannu-starring-shabaash-mithu-releases-big-screen-july-15-2022/}}</ref>

In 2023, he released ''[[Dawshom Awbotaar]]'', a [[neo-noir]] [[crime thriller]] as the 4th installment [[Srijit Mukherji's Cop Universe]]. It served as the prequel crossover of his previous films ''[[Baishe Srabon]]'' and ''[[Vinci Da]]''. It became a huge box office success emerged as one of the highest grossing Bengali films of 2023.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dawshom Awbotaar Box Office: পুজোয় ৪টি ছবি, সকলকে পিছনে ফেলে প্রথম স্থানে 'দশম অবতার', ঘরে এল কত টাকা? |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/dawshom-awbotaar-box-office-collection-svf-claim-srijit-mukherjis-film-cross-5-core-rs-in-8-days-31698512513957.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029062514/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/dawshom-awbotaar-box-office-collection-svf-claim-srijit-mukherjis-film-cross-5-core-rs-in-8-days-31698512513957.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 October 2023}}</ref> The film received multiple nomination and awards at the Filmfare Awards Bangla and [[7th WBFJA Award|WBFJA Awards]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Winners of the Joy Filmfare Awards Bangla 2024 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/winners-of-the-joy-filmfare-awards-bangla-2024-full-list-out-65142.html}}</ref>

His first release in 2024 was the [[Fantasy Film|fantasy]] [[romance film|romantic]] [[comedy film]] ''[[Oti Uttam]]''. For the first time ever in Indian Cinema, veteran actor [[Uttam Kumar]] appeared in the movie through [[Visual effects]] by using his scenes from his 56 existing old movies.<ref>{{cite news |title='Oti Uttam' to star Mahanayak |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/oti-uttam-to-star-mahanayak-uttam-kumar/cid/1810970}}</ref> His next release this year was a [[biopic]] on the life of [[Mrinal Sen]]. Titled ''[[Padatik (2024 film)|Padatik]]'', it chronicles his active time and contributions to [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali cinema]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Das |first1=Tina |title='Remarkable timing'—Srijit Mukherji on his Mrinal Sen biopic Padatik and Dhaka uprising |url=https://theprint.in/feature/remarkable-timing-srijit-mukherji-on-his-mrinal-sen-biopic-padatik-and-dhaka-uprising/2209252/ |access-date=15 September 2024 |work=[[ThePrint]] |date=6 August 2024 |location=New Delhi}}</ref> His next thriller film titled ''[[Tekka (film)|Tekka]]'' starring [[Dev (Bengali actor)|Dev]] and [[Rukmini Maitra]] released on the occasion Durga Puja 2024 and earned an 'organic blockbuster' tag.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Niyogi |first1=Agnivo |title=Tekka teaser: Dev plays a distraught kidnapper in Srijit Mukherji's thriller |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/tekka-teaser-dev-plays-a-distraught-kidnapper-in-srijit-mukherjis-thriller/cid/2047735 |access-date=15 September 2024 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |date=13 September 2024 |location=Calcutta |language=en |quote=Also starring Swastika Mukherjee and Rukmini Maitra, the film will release in theatres on October 8}}</ref> His next venture is ''[[Feludar Goyendagiri]] (Season 2)'' which released on the occasion of Christmas 2024, digitally.

=== 2025–present ===
Srijit's next film ''[[Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei]]'' released soon in January 2025. Then he had a Poila Baishakh release, with the sequel of ''Hemlock Society'', ''[[Killbill Society]]'', a romantic dark comedy film that released in April 2025. He also had a Durga Puja release that year, but in the digital space, with the second and final season of ''Feluda Pherot'', based on Jawto Kando Kathmandute by Satyajit Ray. Recently, an epic drama film titled ''Lawho Gouranger Naam Re'', based on the life and times of [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu|Shri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]] released on the occasion of Christmas 2025. Upcoming, he has a complete film in hand named ''Winkle Twinkle'', based on a play by [[Bratya Basu]], that is currently roaming in different festivals and is scheduled to release theatrically anytime in 2026. Another film by him is also announced, titled ''[[Emperor vs Sarat Chandra]]'', slated to release on 1 May 2026.

==Filmography==

=== As director ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| style="background:#ffc;"|
| Denotes films or web series that have not yet been released
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%"
! Year
! Film
! Director
! Writer
! Language
! Notes
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Autograph (2010 film)|Autograph]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || rowspan="9" | Bengali
|
|-
| 2011 || {{Lang|bn-latn|[[Baishe Srabon]]}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Hemlock Society (film)|Hemlock Society]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Mishawr Rawhoshyo]]'' || {{yes}} || {{no}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2014 || ''[[Jaatishwar]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|
|-
| ''[[Chotushkone]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2015 || ''[[Nirbaak]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|
|-
| ''[[Rajkahini]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Zulfiqar (film)|Zulfiqar]]'' || {{yes}} || {{no}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2017 || ''[[Begum Jaan (2017 film)|Begum Jaan]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || Hindi
|
|-
| ''[[Yeti Obhijaan]]'' || {{yes}} || {{no}} || rowspan="9" | Bengali
|
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2018 || ''[[Uma (2018 film)|Uma]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|
|-
| ''[[Ek Je Chhilo Raja]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2019 || ''[[Shahjahan Regency]]'' || {{yes}} || {{no}}
|
|-
| ''[[Vinci Da]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|
|-
| ''[[Gumnaami]]'' || {{yes}} || {{no}}
|
|-
| 2020 || ''[[Dwitiyo Purush (film)|Dwitiyo Purush]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2022
|''[[Kakababur Protyaborton]]'' || {{yes}} || {{no}}
|
|-
|''[[X=Prem]]'' || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}}
|
|-
| ''[[Sherdil: The Pilibhit Saga]]'' || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || rowspan="2" | Hindi
|
|-
|''[[Shabaash Mithu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/just-in-director-srijit-mukherji-has-replaced-rahul-dholakia-as-the-director-of-taapsee-pannu-starrer-shabaash-mithu/articleshow/83747714.cms|title=Just in! Director Srijit Mukherji has replaced Rahul Dholakia as the director of Taapsee Pannu-starrer 'Shabaash Mithu'|work=The Times of India|date=22 June 2021 |access-date=22 June 2021}}</ref> || {{yes}} || {{No}}
|
|-
| 2023
|''[[Dawshom Awbotaar]]''|| {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || rowspan="9" | Bengali
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2024
|''[[Oti Uttam]]'' || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}}
|
|-
|''[[Padatik (2024 film)|Padatik]]''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|Biopic of [[Mrinal Sen]]
|-
|''[[Tekka (film)|Tekka]]''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2025
|''[[Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei]]''|| {{Yes}} || {{No}}
|Based on [[12 Angry Men (1957 film)|12 Angry Men]]
|-
|''[[Killbill Society]]'' || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}}
|
|-
|''[[Lawho Gouranger Naam Rey]]''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|Based on the life and times of [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu|Shri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |2026
|''Winkle Twinkle''
|{{Yes}}
|{{No|color=Red}}
|Based on Winkle Twinkle drama of [[Bratya Basu]]।Natok Samagra Vol I {{ISBN|978-81-7756-432-7}}
|-
|''[[Emperor vs Sarat Chandra]]''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|Based on [[Pather Dabi]] by [[Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay]]
|}

===Web series===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%"
!Year
!Film
!Director
!Writer
!OTT
!Notes
|-
| 2012 || ''East India Pharmaceuticals Works Limited'' (Documentary) || {{yes}} || {{No}} || || Goutam Ghosh
|-
| 2020 || '' [[Feludar Goyendagiri (TV series)#Feluda Pherot|Feluda Pherot]]'' (Chhinnamastar Abhishap) || {{yes}} || {{No}} || [[Addatimes]] || Released
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2021 |||''[[Ray (series)|Ray]]'' (Season 1) || {{yes}} || {{No}} || [[Netflix]] || Anthology, Segment- ''Behrupiya'',''Forget me not''
|-
|"background:#ffc;" |''[[Rabindranath Ekhane Kokhono Khete Asenni]]'' || {{Yes}} || {{No}} || Hoichoi || Based on the Bengali book of the same name
|-
| 2022 ||''[[Feludar Goyendagiri]]'' (Season 1) || {{Yes}} || {{No}} || Hoichoi || Released (Based on [[Feluda|Feluda series]] by [[Satyajit Ray]])
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2023 |||''[[Jaanbaaz Hindustan Ke]]'' || {{Yes}} || {{no}} || [[ZEE5]] || Released
|-
|"background:#ffc;" | ''Durgo Rawhoshyo'' || {{Yes}} || {{No}} || Hoichoi || Released
|-
| rowspan="2" |2024
|''[[Feludar Goyendagiri]]'' (Season 2)
|{{Yes}}
|{{No}}
|Hoichoi
|Released (Based on [[Feluda|Feluda series]] by [[Satyajit Ray]])
|-
|"background:#ffc;" | ''[[Shekhar Home]]'' || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}}|| [[JioHotstar]]|| Released
|-
| rowspan="2" |2025
| style="background:#ffc;" |''Don-Boithok''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|TBA
|Completed
|-
|''Feluda Pherot (Jawto Kando Kathmandute)''
|{{Yes}}
|{{No}}
|[[Addatimes]]
|Released
|}

=== As lyricist and actor ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%"
!Year
!Film
!Lyricist
!Actor
|-
| rowspan="2"|2009 || ''[[Cross Connection]]'' || {{yes}} || {{no}}
|-
|''[[Madly Bangalee]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|-
| rowspan="3"|2010 || ''[[Le Chakka]]'' || {{yes}} || {{no}}
|-
|''[[Josh (2010 film)|Josh]]''|| {{yes}}||{{no}}
|-
|''[[Gaaner Oparey]]''||{{no}}||{{Yes}}
|-
| rowspan="4"|2011 || ''[[Iti Mrinalini]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|-
|''Flop-e'' || {{no}} || {{yes}}
|-
|''Ghente Ghaw'' || {{yes}} || {{no}}
|-
|''Chaplin'' || {{no}} || {{yes}}
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2012 || ''[[Dutta Vs Dutta]]'' || {{no}} || {{yes}}
|-
|''[[Bapi Bari Jaa]]'' || {{no}} || {{yes}}
|-
|''[[Shabdo]]'' || {{no}} || {{yes}}
|-
|2013 || ''[[Maach Mishti & More]]'' || {{yes}} || {{no}}
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2018 || ''[[Ahare Mon]]'' || {{yes}} || {{no}}
|-
|''[[Kabir (film)|Kabir]]'' || {{no}} || {{yes}}
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Shantilal O Projapoti Rohoshyo]]'' || {{no}} || {{yes}}
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2023 ||''[[Manobjomin]]'' || {{no}} || {{yes}}
|-
|''[[Dilkhush]]'' || {{no}} || {{yes}}
|-
|}

== Awards ==
'''National Awards (Govt. of India)'''
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|+National Film Awards won by Srijit Mukherji
!Film
!Year (Award Ceremony)
!Award Category
!Ref
|-
|''[[Chotushkone]]''
|2015 (62nd)
|National Film Award for Best Director
|<ref>Indo-Asian News Service (2015-03-24). [https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/national-awards-srijit-mukherji-dedicates-best-director-win-to-rituparno-ghosh-749239 National Awards: Srijit Mukherji Dedicates Best Director Win to Rituparno Ghosh]. ''NDTV''.</ref>
|-
|''[[Chotushkone]]''
|2015 (62nd)
|National Film Award for Best Original Screenplay
|<ref>The Times of India (2017-01-12). [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/srijit-mukherji-wins-national-award-best-director-for-chotushkone/articleshow/46676466.cms Srijit Mukherji wins National Award, Best Director, for Chotushkone]. ''The Times of India''.</ref>
|-
|''[[Ek Je Chhilo Raja]]''
|2019 (66th)
|National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Bengali
|<ref>66th National Film Awards (2019). [https://dff.gov.in/pdf/66nfa.pdf Official Catalogue]. Directorate of Film Festivals, India.</ref>
|-
|''[[Gumnaami]]''
|2020 (67th)
|National Film Award for Best Adapted Screenplay
|<ref name="Official Catalogue">67th National Film Awards (2021). [https://dff.gov.in/pdf/67nfa.pdf Official Catalogue]. Directorate of Film Festivals, India.</ref>
|-
|''[[Gumnaami]]''
|2020 (67th)
|National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Bengali
|<ref name="Official Catalogue"/>
|}

* Best Director for ''[[Chotushkone]]'' at the 62nd National Awards (2014)
* Best Original Screenplay for ''[[Chotushkone]]'' at the 62nd National Awards (2014)
* Best Adapted Screenplay for ''[[Gumnaami]]'' at the 67th National Awards (2019)
* Best Director (Bengali) for ''[[Ek Je Chhilo Raja]]'' at the 66th National Awards (2018)
* Best Director (Bengali) for ''[[Gumnaami]]'' at the 67th National Awards (2019)

'''International Awards'''

* Best Director for ''[[Ek Je Chhilo Raja]]'' at 20th Rainbow Film Festival, London (2018)
* Best Story for ''[[Vinci Da]]'' at 21st Rainbow Film Festival, London (2019)
* Best Film for ''[[Ek Je Chhilo Raja]]'' at 17th Dhaka International Film Festival (2019)
* Best Screenplay for [[Padatik (2024 film)|''Padatik'']] at the 24th New York Indian Film Festival (2024)
* Best Director for ''[[Baishe Srabon]]'' at International Bangla Film Academy Awards (2011)
* Best Screenplay for ''[[Baishe Srabon]]'' at International Bangla Film Academy Awards (2011)
* Best Director for ''[[Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei]]'' at the 26th Rainbow Film Festival, London (2025)

'''Filmfare Awards'''

* Best Story for ''[[Vinci Da]]'' (2019)
* Best Film for ''[[Vinci Da]]'' (2019)
* Best Screenplay for [[Dwitiyo Purush (film)|''Dwitiyo Purush'']] (2020)
* Best Screenplay for [[Padatik (2024 film)|''Padatik'']] (2024)

'''WBFJA Awards (Oldest Film Awards in India)'''

* Best Director for ''[[Ek Je Chhilo Raja]]'' (2018)
* Best Lyricist for ''[[Ahare Mon]]'' (2018)
* Best Screenplay for [[Dwitiyo Purush (film)|''Dwitiyo Purush'']] (2020)
* Best Director for [[Padatik (2024 film)|''Padatik'']] (2024)

'''State Awards (Govt. Of West Bengal)'''

* Best Film for [[Autograph (2010 film)|''Autograph'']] at the 10th Telecine Awards (2010)
* Best Director for [[Autograph (2010 film)|''Autograph'']] at the 10th Telecine Awards (2010)
* Best Director for ''[[Baishe Srabon]]'' at the 11th Telecine Awards (2011)
* Best Director for ''[[Chotushkone]]'' at the 14th Telecine Awards (2014)
* Best Film for ''[[Vinci Da]]'' at the 18th Telecine Awards (2019)
* Best Director (Critics) for ''[[Vinci Da]]'' at the 18th Telecine Awards (2019)
* Best Film for ''[[Gumnaami]]'' at the 19th Telecine Awards (2019)
* Best Director (Critics) for ''[[Gumnaami]]'' at the 19th Telecine Awards (2019)

==Personal life==
Mukherji was in a relationship with actress [[Swastika Mukherjee]]; they broke up after filming ''Jaatishwar'' in 2014.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-12-13 |title=Broken relationships! When Swastika Mukherjee made headlines for her troubled personal life |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/broken-relationships-when-swastika-mukherjee-made-headlines-for-her-troubled-personal-life/photostory/67077296.cms?picid=67077323 |access-date=2024-11-19 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Later he dated [[Jaya Ahsan]] around 2017 for a brief period.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-11-04 |title=No bad blood between Srijit Mukherji and Ritabhari Chakraborty |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/no-bad-blood-between-srijit-mukherji-and-ritabhari-chakraborty/articleshow/66496579.cms |access-date=2024-11-19 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Media reports speculated a romantic affair between him and actress [[Jaya Ahsan]] during the filming of ''Bishorjan'' (2017).<ref>{{Cite news|date=8 July 2023|title= Srijit-Jaya working together after 5 years |url= https://www.dhakatribune.com/showtime/319908/srijit-jaya-working-together-after-5-years |newspaper=Dhaka Tribune |access-date=10 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Mukherji did not address the rumours directly, but described their relationship being "much more than love".<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2022|last=Ghosh|first=Baswati|title=একটা নদীর মতো 'সম্পর্ক' |url=https://eisamay.com/entertainment |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=Eisamay |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-11 |title=I've known Jaya Apa for longer, even before Srijit: Mithila |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/entertainment/tv-film/news/ive-known-jaya-apa-longer-even-srijit-mithila-3366201?amp |access-date=2024-09-10 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref>

On 6 December 2019, Mukherji married actress [[Rafiath Rashid Mithila]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Mithila marries Srijit finally |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/entertainment/Mithila-marries-Srijit-finally |access-date=11 January 2022 |work=[[Prothom Alo]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Filmmaker Srijit Mukherji marries Bangladeshi actress Mithila |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kolkata/2019/Dec/07/filmmaker-srijit-mukherji-marries-bangladeshi-actress-mithila-2072929.html |work=The New Indian Express |date=7 December 2019 |access-date=18 May 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{commons-inline}}
*{{IMDb name |3797575}}

{{Srijit Mukherji}}
{{NationalFilmAwardBestDirection}}
{{NationalFilmAwardBestScreenplay}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mukherji, Srijit}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors from Kolkata]]
[[Category:1977 births]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Jawaharlal Nehru University alumni]]
[[Category:Bengali film directors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Bengali screenwriters]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Bengali male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Best Director National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Film directors from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Best Original Screenplay National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian screenwriters]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards Bangla winners]]

Shri Swapankumarer Badami Hyenar Kobole

2026-04-18T13:39:40Z

StaciWinslow: made initial bio needs work

{{Short description|2023 Bengali thriller film}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Shri Swapankumarer Badami Hyenar Kobole
| image = File:Shri Swapankumarer Badami Hyenar Kobole poster.jpg
| alt = 
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Debaloy Bhattacharya]]
| writer =
| starring = [[Abir Chatterjee]] [[Paran Bandopadhyay]] [[Goutam Halder]]
| cinematography = Ramyadeep Saha
| editing = Sanglap Bhowmick
| music = Amit Chatterjee
| studio = Hoichoi Studios
| distributor = [[Shree Venkatesh Films]]
| released = {{Film date|2024|01|12|df=yes}}
| country = India
| language = Bengali
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Shri Swapankumarer Badami Hyenar Kobole''''' ({{IPA|bn|ʃri ʃɔponkumarer badami hyenar kobole}}) is a 2024 Indian [[Bengali language|Bengali]]-language [[Dark humor|black comedy]] [[Action film|action thriller film]] directed by [[Debaloy Bhattacharya]], and produced by Hoichoi Studios.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Badami Hyenar Kobole |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-details/badami-hyenar-kobole/movieshow/103759918.cms |access-date=18 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |title=Hoichoi, Bengali-Language Streamer, Launches Studio With Adaptation of Cult Pulp Novels |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/asia/hoichoi-studio-sri-swapnakumar-1235614205/ |access-date=16 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ganguly |first=Dharitri |date=16 May 2023 |title=Newly launched Hoichoi Studios expands into new format of storytelling |pages=1 |work=Indulge Express |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/cinema/2023/may/16/newly-launched-hoichoi-studios-expands-into-new-format-of-storytelling-49078.html |access-date=16 May 2023}}</ref> It is based on the adventures of [[Dipak Chatterjee]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ganguly |first=Ruman |date=18 May 2023 |title=Shri Swapankumar-er Badami Hyena'r Kobole to start shoot in May with Abir Chatterjee as lead |pages=1 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/shri-swapankumar-er-badami-hyenar-kobole-to-start-shoot-in-may-with-abir-chatterjee-as-lead/articleshow/100324702.cms?from=mdr |access-date=18 May 2023}}</ref> a [[fictional detective]] lost in time.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mitra |first=Pooja |date=23 May 2023 |title=Here are all the deets on 'Shri Swapankumarer Badami Hyenar Kobole |pages=1 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)]] |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/try-this/watch/abir-chatterjee-to-play-bengali-detective-in-shri-swapankumarer-badami-hyenar-kobole/cid/1938892 |access-date=23 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Chakraborty |first=Shamayita |date=18 May 2023 |title=Shri Swapankumar-er Badami Hyena'r: Abir Chatterjee to play detective Deepak Chatterjee |pages=1 |work=OTTPlay |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/shri-swapankumar-er-badami-hyenar-abir-chatterjee-to-play-detective-deepak-chatterjee/406b4a8cb9500 |access-date=18 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=13 September 2023 |title=Abir Chatterjee as the iconic pulp fiction sleuth, first look goes viral |pages=1 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/abir-chatterjee-as-the-iconic-pulp-fiction-sleuth-first-look-goes-viral/articleshow/103626326.cms?from=mdr |access-date=13 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ganguly |first=Ruman |date=17 August 2023 |title=Fiction drama & graphic novels are my current favourite reads : Shruti Das |pages=1 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/fiction-drama-graphic-novels-are-my-current-favourite-reads-shruti-das/articleshow/102793038.cms?from=mdr |access-date=17 August 2023}}</ref> The movie released to positive reviews from the critics.

==Synopsis==
[[Kolkata]] is in danger as ''Badami Hyena'', an evil force, looms threat over the city. Dipak Chatterjee, the long-forgotten detective created by pulp-fiction writer Shri Swapankumar, comes out of his web of hurt pride to save the city. But Swapankumar soon charts a crazy narrative that complicates Dipak's fate!<ref>{{Cite news |last=Niyogi |first=Agnivo |date=16 October 2023 |title=Shri Swapankumar-er Badami Hyenar Kobole teaser promises a wacky ride with Abir Chatterjee's super sleuth |pages=1 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)]] |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/shri-swapankumar-er-badami-hyenar-kobole-teaser-promises-a-wacky-ride-with-abir-chatterjees-super-sleuth/cid/1973705 |access-date=16 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shri Swapankumarer Badami Hyenar Kobole |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/shri-swapankumarer-badami-hyenar-kobole/ET00372910 |access-date=19 October 2023 |website=Bookmyshow}}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Abir Chatterjee]] as [[Dipak Chatterjee]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=গতে বাঁধা গোয়েন্দাগিরিতে ক্লান্ত! এবার দু'হাতে বন্দুক নিয়ে দীপক হলেন আবির |url=https://eisamay.com/entertainment/cinema/abir-chatterjee-upcoming-movie-badami-haynar-kobole-directed-by-debaloy-bhattacharya/articleshow/100299147.cms |access-date=2023-10-30 |website=Eisamay |language=bn}}</ref>
* [[Paran Bandopadhyay]] as Sri Swapankumar
* Shruti Das as Tashi<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2023-09-13 |title=Abir Chatterjee as the iconic pulp fiction sleuth, first look goes viral |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/abir-chatterjee-as-the-iconic-pulp-fiction-sleuth-first-look-goes-viral/articleshow/103626326.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-11-03 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* [[Goutam Halder]] as Bajpakhi
* Pratik Dutta as Ratanlal<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shri Swapankumar-er Badami Hyenar Kobole teaser promises a wacky ride with Abir Chatterjee's super sleuth |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/shri-swapankumar-er-badami-hyenar-kobole-teaser-promises-a-wacky-ride-with-abir-chatterjees-super-sleuth/cid/1973705 |access-date=2023-10-30 |website=www.telegraphindia.com |language=en}}</ref>
* Loknath Dey
* Saoli Chattopadhyay

==Reception==
=== Critical reception ===
Agnivo Niyogi of [[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] wrote "Abir successfully deconstructs his conventional image to portray a beaten, has-been detective." He also praised the witty dialogues, CGI, colour scheme and the musical score, which keep the audience hooked with the film.<ref>{{cite news |title=Shri Swapankumarer Badami Hyenar Kobole: Abir Chatterjee as Swapan Kumar's sleuth is a lot of fun |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/shri-swapankumarer-badami-hyenar-kobole-abir-chatterjee-as-swapan-kumars-sleuth-is-a-lot-of-fun/cid/1993555}}</ref> Poorna Banerjee of [[Times of India]] rated the film 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote that although the movie has a long runtime and the first half feels a bit slow, the story picks pace in the second half. She praised the director for keeping alive the utter lack of logic and surrealism in the storyline, while bringing to life characters the audience can connect to.<ref>{{cite news |title=Shri Swapankumarer Badami Hyenar Kobole Movie Review : A hat tip to Bengal's pop culture |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/shri-swapankumarer-badami-hyenar-kobole/movie-review/106772194.cms}}</ref> [[Anandabazar Patrika]] also reviewed the film 7 out of 10 stars and said that this movie resolves the lack of Bengali culture in movies.<ref>{{cite news |title=এই সুররিয়ালিজ়ম ছাড়া দীপক ও তার স্রষ্টাকে ধরা সম্ভব ছিল না |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/review-of-the-tollywood-movie-shri-swapankumarer-badami-hyenar-kobole-directed-by-debaloy-bhattacharya/cid/1488833}}</ref>

Shamayita Ckaraborty of OttPlay rated the film 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "It is pulp fiction and in signature 'ki-hoite-ki-hoiya-gelo' moments, the writers throw all the logical elements up in the air". She also mentioned that the envious music, performance of the whole cast and some unforgettable shots makes the movie a good watch.<ref>{{cite news |title=Shri Swapankumarer Badami Hyenar Kobole review: Debaloy Bhattacharya delivers magic on screen |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/shri-swapankumarer-badami-hyenar-kobole-review-debaloy-bhattacharya-delivers-magic-on-screen/7329cc6976664}}</ref> Times Now rated the film 3 out of 5 stars and mentioned that the resurrection of pulp fiction, the interaction between Deepak and Swapan Kumar successfully captures the nostalgia of 50s literature fiction.<ref>{{cite news |title=Shri Swapankumarer Badami Hyenar Kobole Movie Review: Abir Chatterjee's Magical Ode To Pulp Fiction |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/bollywood/shri-swapankumarer-badami-hyenar-kobole-movie-review-abir-chatterjees-magical-ode-to-pulp-fiction-review-106744289}}</ref> Souvik Saha of Cine Kolkata rated the film 3 out of 5 stars praising the performances of the cast, skillful direction and well executed plot twists accompanied with the background score.<ref>{{cite news |title=Shri Swapankumarer Badami Hyenar Kobole Review |url=https://cinekolkata.com/review/shri-swapankumarer-badami-hyenar-kobole-review/}}</ref> [[Sangbad Pratidin]], [[Ei Samay]] and Bongo Banjo also reviewed the movie on a positive note. They praised the unique presentation of Abir as a detective, Paran's acting and the director's visionary mettle.<ref>{{cite news |title=ফেলুদা, ব্যোমকেশের শহরের ত্রাতা দীপক চ্যাটার্জি! 'বাদামী হায়না'র মোকাবিলায় আবির-পরাণ |url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/entertainment/film-review/review-of-bengali-movie-shri-swapankumarer-badami-hyenar-kobole/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Shri Swapankumarer Badami Hyenar Kobole Bengali Movie Review! |url=https://www.bongobanjo.in/2024/01/shri-swapankumarer-badami-hyenar-kobole-bengali-movie-review.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=শ্রী স্বপনকুমারের বাদামী হায়নার কবলে |url=https://eisamay.com/entertainment/film-review/shri-swapankumarer-badami-hyenar-kobole-abir-chatterjee-starrer-movie-review/moviereview/106956533.cms}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=দুই হাতে দু'টো বন্দুক, আর এক হাতে একটা টর্চ নিয়ে রেকর্ড ভাঙা চুম্বনে হৃদয়হরণ দীপক চ্যাটার্জির, থুড়ি আবীরের! |url=https://bengali.news18.com/news/entertainment/shri-swapankumarer-badami-hyenar-kobole-movie-review-arc-1454049.html}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|29522518}}

[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:2023 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:2024 crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian detective films]]
[[Category:Films based on Bengali novels]]
[[Category:Bengali-language action films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language action thriller films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language black comedy films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language action comedy films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language comedy mystery films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language mystery thriller films]]
[[Category:Hoichoi Studios films]]

Amardeep Singh

2026-04-17T21:04:28Z

StaciWinslow:

{{Short description|Indian writer, researcher, photographer and documentary filmmaker}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Amardeep Singh
| image =
| birth_place = [[Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh]], India
| education = {{ubl|[[Doon School]]|[[Manipal Institute of Technology]]|[[University of Chicago]]}}
| occupation = Writer, filmmaker
| organization = Lost Heritage Productions
| website = {{URL|https://lostheritage.info}}
}}

'''Amardeep Singh''' is an Independent researcher, writer, photographer and documentary filmmaker based in Singapore. Currently, he and his wife, Vininder Kaur, are the managing directors of [[Lost Heritage Productions]], a media production house started by them.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2021-05-22 |title=About Us - Lost Heritage |url=https://lostheritage.info/about/ |access-date=2022-07-06 |language=en-US}}</ref> He formerly worked in the financial sector as an executive.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Book On Sikh Heritage In Pakistan Launched In Singapore |url=https://www.ndtv.com/indians-abroad/book-on-sikh-heritage-in-pakistan-launched-in-singapore-1272054 |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> He won the [[Guru Nanak Interfaith Prize]] in 2022 for retracing the journey of [[Guru Nanak]], the first Sikh Guru, in his docu-series ''[[Allegory: A Tapestry of Guru Nanak's Travels]]''.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Tribune News |title=Singapore-based Sikh researcher Amardeep Singh bags Guru Nanak Interfaith Prize |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/diaspora/2022-guru-nanak-interfaith-prize-for-singapore-sikh-448536 |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Schuster |first=Karla |date=2022-11-09 |title=Punjabi Writer and Filmmaker Wins 2022 Guru Nanak Interfaith Prize |url=https://news.hofstra.edu/2022/11/09/punjabi-writer-and-filmmaker-wins-2022-guru-nanak-interfaith-prize/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=News {{!}} Hofstra University, New York |language=en-US}}</ref> He is the author of the book-series ''Lost Heritage: The Sikh Legacy in Pakistan'', after making two-trips to Pakistan.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news |last=Kahlon |first=Harpreet Singh |date=22 November 2020 |editor-last=Kaur |editor-first=Rajwinder |title=1933 Tōṁ 2019 taka: Gurū nānaka dēva jī dē rāhavāṁ dē dō pāndhī atē virāsatāṁ dī niśānadēhī |script-title=pa:1933 ਤੋਂ 2019 ਤੱਕ : ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਦੇਵ ਜੀ ਦੇ ਰਾਹਵਾਂ ਦੇ ਦੋ ਪਾਂਧੀ ਅਤੇ ਵਿਰਾਸਤਾਂ ਦੀ ਨਿਸ਼ਾਨਦੇਹੀ |trans-title=From 1933 to 2019: Two Travelers on Guru Nanak’s Path and the Mapping of Legacies |url=https://jagbani.punjabkesari.in/international/news/guru-nanak-dev-ji-rahvan-two-pandhi-heritage-marking-1250657 |access-date=23 February 2026 |work=Jagbani (Punjabi Kesari) |language=pa}}</ref> His work touch-upon the challenges involving historical baggage, borders, and security-sensitive areas.<ref name=":5" />

== Biography ==
His paternal family migrated from [[Muzaffarabad]], Kashmir (now in [[Kashmir|Pakistani-administered Kashmir]]) to [[Gorakhpur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] in India (then [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British India]]) just before the [[Partition of India]] in 1947.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Hermes |date=2018-01-07 |title=In Good Company: Ex-Amex exec Amardeep Singh is on a heritage trail {{!}} The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/opinion/ex-amex-exec-singh-is-on-a-heritage-trail |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=www.straitstimes.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5" /> His father, Sunder Singh, was a goldsmith.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Amardeep Singh |title=Lost heritage : the Sikh legacy in Pakistan |publisher=Nagaara Trust |year=2022 |isbn=978-81-7002-115-5 |edition=6th |location=New Delhi |pages=1–2 |oclc=932592607}}</ref> Meanwhile, his maternal side had moved from [[Abbottabad]].<ref name=":5" />

After studying at the [[The Doon School|Doon School]], he went on to study Electronics Engineering from [[Manipal Institute of Technology]]. He later did a master's degree in business administration from the [[University of Chicago]], U.S.<ref name=":1" />

He worked in the financial sector for 25 years,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-27 |title=Creative Team |url=https://thegurunanak.com/team/ |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=thegurunanak.com |language=en-US}}</ref> during which he worked for the American Express for 21 years.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Hermes |date=2016-01-11 |title=Preserving the Sikh heritage in print {{!}} The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/preserving-the-sikh-heritage-in-print |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=www.straitstimes.com |language=en}}</ref> He moved from India to Hong Kong and eventually settled in Singapore in 2001. He became a Singaporean citizen in 2005. He resigned from his job in 2013.<ref name=":3" /> He had taken-up photography as a hobby during his time employed.<ref name=":5" />

In 2014, he started researching on the visual ethnography of [[History of Sikhism|Sikh history]] and legacy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Anu |date=2022-06-15 |title=Punjabi Duo Releases a Punjabi documentary series on Guru Nanak Dev ji |url=https://www.chandigarhcitynews.com/punjabi-duo-releases-a-punjabi-documentary-series-on-guru-nanak-dev-ji/ |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=Chandigarh City News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":5" /> He went to [[Pakistan]] to document the tangible and intangible remnants of Sikh legacy in the country.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Tribune News |title=Borders don't matter |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/lifestyle/borders-dont-matter-504919 |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref> One of the reasons he felt motivated to travel to Pakistan was due to his family having ancestral roots in the region.<ref name=":5" /> In Pakistan, he travelled to 36 cities and villages during his first trip and 96 locations during his second, including Sindh, Kashmir, and Balochistan.<ref name=":5" /> In 2016, he published his first book ''Lost Heritage: The Sikh Legacy In Pakistan''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hermes |date=2016-01-11 |title=Preserving the Sikh heritage in print {{!}} The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/preserving-the-sikh-heritage-in-print |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=www.straitstimes.com |language=en}}</ref> The book is based on his travels to 36 towns and villages of Pakistan.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Tribune News |title=Sequel:Amardeep pens lost Sikhs' legacy in Pakistan |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/amritsar/sequelamardeep-pens-lost-sikhs%E2%80%99-legacy-in-pakistan-495792 |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref> The book highlighted the magnificence of hundreds of Sikh gurdwaras, architecture, forts, arts, and culture.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-01-03 |title=Heritage found: New book recaps rich history of Sikhs |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/1283700/heritage-found-new-book-recaps-rich-history-sikhs |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Samachar |first=Asia |date=2018-02-05 |title=Our legacy has been forgotten |url=https://asiasamachar.com/2018/02/05/17619/ |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=Asia Samachar |language=en-GB}}</ref>

He went on to publish his second book in 2017, ''The Quest Continues: Lost Heritage - The Sikh Legacy In Pakistan''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-12-01 |title=Review: The Quest Continues; Lost Heritage - The Sikh Legacy in Pakistan by Amardeep Singh |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/learning-from-history/story-8xlrjzr1gFoKNqBNh3mIaI.html |access-date=2022-07-15 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> For this book, he traveled to another 90 cities and villages.<ref name=":2" />

In 2020, he published two documentary films; ''Peering Warrior'' and ''Peering Soul'' based on his experiences in Pakistan.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}

In 2019, he started working on ''[https://TheGuruNanak.com/ ALLEGORY: A Tapestry of Guru Nanak's Travels]'',<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-28 |title=A legacy of unity and love: Amardeep Singh traces Baba Nanak's travels across nine countries |url=https://www.firstpost.com/living/a-legacy-of-unity-and-love-amardeep-singh-traces-baba-nanaks-travels-across-nine-countries-6673701.html |access-date=2022-07-15 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref> which is a 24 episode docuseries filmed across 9 different countries and 150 multi-faith sites. The English, Gurmukhi (Punjabi), Hindi, Urdu and Shahmukhi (Punjabi) versions are available on TheGuruNanak.com.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-31 |title=Allegory – A Tapestry of Guru Nanak's Travels |url=https://thegurunanak.com/english/ |access-date=2022-07-15 |website=thegurunanak.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-04 |title=ਸੈਨਤ, ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਦੇ ਪੈਂਡਿਆਂ ਦੀ ਰੂਹਾਨੀ ਛਾਪ |url=https://thegurunanak.com/punjabi/ |access-date=2022-07-15 |website=thegurunanak.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

He is currently leading the [https://onenessindiversity.com/ ''Oneness In Diversity''] project, a multilingual audio-visual educational resource in English, Hindi & Punjabi. It introduces the life narratives and spiritual messages of the saints, whose messages of universal harmony are enshrined in the ‘Guru Granth Sahib’. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-02 |title=Oneness In Diversity |url=https://onenessindiversity.com/ |access-date=2025-10-02 |website=onenessindiversity.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Works ==
* ''Lost Heritage: The Sikh Legacy In Pakistan'' - 2016
* ''The Quest Continues: Lost Heritage - The Sikh Legacy In Pakistan'' - 2018

== Filmography ==
* ''[https://thegurunanak.com/ Allegory: A Tapestry of Guru Nanak's Travels]'' - 2021-22
* ''[https://onenessindiversity.com/ Oneness In Diversity]'' - 2024-2025
* ''[https://lostheritagebook.com/ Lost Heritage Books]'' - 2016-2018
* ''[https://lostheritage.info/documentaries/ Peering Soul & Peering Warrior Documentaries]'' - 2016-2018

== Awards ==
* The Guru Nanak Interfaith Prize - 2022<ref name=":4" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://lostheritage.info/ Lost Heritage Productions Website]
* [https://thegurunanak.com/ Allegory: A Tapestry of Guru Nanak's Travels on TheGuruNanak.com]
* [https://onenessindiversity.com/ Oneness In Diversity on OnenessInDiversity.com]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ko7P-6B8irg Documentary Peering Soul on Youtube]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phbMR9Gy0Fo Documentary Peering Warrior on Youtube]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Amardeep}}
[[Category:Writers from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language film directors]]
[[Category:The Doon School alumni]]
[[Category:Singaporean Sikhs]]
[[Category:Indian expatriates in Singapore]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language writers]]
[[Category:Film directors from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:People from Muzaffarabad District]]
[[Category:People from Gorakhpur]]
[[Category:Manipal Academy of Higher Education alumni]]
[[Category:Sikh writers]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Curtorim Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:29:27Z

StaciWinslow: started new entry from scratch

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Goa State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}

{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Curtorim
| mla = [[Aleixo Lourenco]]
| party = [[Independent politician|Independent]]
| alliance = [[National Democratic Alliance]]
| state = [[Goa]]
| district = [[South Goa district|South Goa]]
| loksabha_cons = [[South Goa (Lok Sabha constituency)|South Goa]]
| established = 1963
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:29850}}<ref name=results2022/>{{update after|2027|5}}
| type= SLA
| constituency_no =29
| map_image = File:Curtorim constitution.svg
}}

'''Curtorim Assembly constituency''' is one of the 40 [[Goa Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of the state of [[Goa]] in southern [[India]]. Curtorim is also one of the 20 constituencies falling under [[South Goa Lok Sabha constituency]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[1963 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election|1963]]
| Enio Pimenta
|{{Full party name with color|United Goans Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1967 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|Barretto Roque Joaquim
|-
|[[1972 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| [[Eduardo Faleiro]]
|-
|[[1977 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|rowspan=4|[[Francisco Sardinha]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1980 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Urs)}}
|-
|[[1984 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1989 Goa Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
|-
|[[1994 Goa Legislative Assembly election|1994]]
|Gaonkar Antonio Damiao
|{{Full party name with color|United Goans Democratic Party}}
|-
|[[1999 Goa Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|rowspan="2" |Francisco Sardinha
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2002 Goa Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
|-
|[[2007 Goa Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|rowspan="4" | [[Aleixo Lourenco]]<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3862-goa-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Goa General Legislative Election 2017 |access-date= 7 June 2021}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Save Goa Front}}
|-
|[[2012 Goa Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2017 Goa Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|-
|[[2022 Goa Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|{{Full party name with color|Independent politician|rowspan=1}}
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2022===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2022 Goa Legislative Assembly election]] : Curtorim<ref name=results2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14168-goa-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Goa General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 17 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceogoa.nic.in/pdf/ELECTION/Voter%20Turnout%20GE-2022.pdf |title=General Elections 2022 to Goa Legislatie Assembly - AC wise Voter Turnout |access-date=23 January 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Reginaldo Lourenco]] |party=Independent politician |votes=8,960 |percentage=39.98% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Moreno Rebelo |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,905 |percentage=17.43% |change={{decrease}}42.85 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rubert Pereira |party=Revolutionary Goans Party |votes=3,479 |percentage=15.53% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Domingo Gaunkar (Domnic) |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=2,793 |percentage=12.46% |change={{decrease}}0.26 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anthony Barbosa |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,385 |percentage=10.64% |change={{decrease}}13.50 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anthony Alberto Peixoto |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=353 |percentage=1.58% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=232 |percentage=1.04% |change={{decrease}}0.13 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,055 |percentage=22.56% |change= {{decrease}}13.57 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=22,409 |percentage=74.04% |change= {{decrease}}0.51 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 29,850 |ref = |change= {{increase}}5.90 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}20.29 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2017===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2017 Goa Legislative Assembly election]] : Curtorim<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Successful Candidates|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2017/Goa/01ListOfSuccessfulCandidates.xlsx|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|format=Xlsx|accessdate=22 April 2017}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Reginaldo Lourenco]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,841 |percentage=60.28% |change={{increase}}3.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Arthur D'Silva |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=5,144 |percentage=24.15% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Edwin Domnic Vaz |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=2,711 |percentage=12.73% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=249 |percentage=1.17% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Conceicao Dias |party=Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party |votes=240 |percentage=1.13% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,697 |percentage=36.13% |change= {{increase}}15.43 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=21,303 |percentage=75.58% |change= {{increase}}0.76 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 28,187 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.29 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}3.19 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2012===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2012 Goa Legislative Assembly election]] : Curtorim<ref>{{cite report|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2012, to the Legislative Assembly of Goa|publisher=Election Commission of India|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3856-goa-2012/}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Reginaldo Lourenco]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=11,221 |percentage=57.09% |change={{increase}}13.61 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Domnic Gaonkar |party=Independent politician |votes=7,152 |percentage=36.39% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raju Krishnamurthy Iyer |party=Independent politician |votes=603 |percentage=3.07% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Conceicao Santano Dias |party=United Goans Democratic Party |votes=515 |percentage=2.62% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=William D'Cruz |party=Janata Dal (United) |votes=156 |percentage=0.79% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,069 |percentage=20.70% |change= {{increase}}10.10 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=19,656 |percentage=74.79% |change= {{increase}}9.92 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 26,271 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}1.06 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Save Goa Front |swing= {{increase}}3.00 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2007===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2007 Goa Legislative Assembly election]] : Curtorim<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2007 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/StatReport_AS_2007_GOA_after_IC.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007042153/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/StatReport_AS_2007_GOA_after_IC.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Reginaldo Lourenco]] |party=Save Goa Front |votes=9,320 |percentage=54.08% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sardinha Cosme Francisco Caitano |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,493 |percentage=43.48% |change={{decrease}}12.88 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Xavier Dias |party=Independent politician |votes=390 |percentage=2.26% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,827 |percentage=10.60% |change= {{decrease}}7.44 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=17,233 |percentage=64.79% |change= {{decrease}}1.23 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 26,552 |ref = |change= {{increase}}11.11 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Save Goa Front |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2002===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2002 Goa Legislative Assembly election]] : Curtorim<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2002 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_se2002_GA.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007072027/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_se2002_GA.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Francisco Sardinha]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,907 |percentage=56.36% |change={{decrease}}27.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lourenco Bruno Santos |party=Independent politician |votes=6,056 |percentage=38.32% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Amonkar Mahesh Shankar |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=535 |percentage=3.39% |change={{decrease}}2.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Oliveira Caitano Rusario |party=Independent politician |votes=302 |percentage=1.91% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,851 |percentage=18.04% |change= {{decrease}}55.63 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=15,804 |percentage=66.12% |change= {{increase}}7.12 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 23,896 |ref = |change= {{increase}}8.78 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}27.28 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1999===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1999 Goa Legislative Assembly election]] : Curtorim<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReportof%20Goa-99.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007115355/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReportof%20Goa-99.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Francisco Sardinha]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=10,843 |percentage=83.64% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gaunkar Antonio Damiao |party=Independent politician |votes=1,293 |percentage=9.97% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sawant Sanjeev Laxman |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=825 |percentage=6.36% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,550 |percentage=73.67% |change= {{increase}}72.99 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=12,964 |percentage=59.00% |change= {{decrease}}12.35 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 21,967 |ref = |change= {{increase}}13.18 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=United Goans Democratic Party |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1994===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1994 Goa Legislative Assembly election]] : Curtorim<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StaticialReportGOA94.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006094522/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StaticialReportGOA94.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Gaonkar Antonio Damiao |party=United Goans Democratic Party |votes=6,564 |percentage=47.39% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sardinha Cosmofrancisco Gaetano |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,470 |percentage=46.71% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vaz Joseph Francisco |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=338 |percentage=2.44% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dias Conceicao Santano |party=Independent politician |votes=89 |percentage=0.64% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Amonkar Vilas Chandrakant |party=Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party |votes=84 |percentage=0.61% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=94 |percentage=0.68% |change= {{decrease}}36.46 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=13,851 |percentage=70.23% |change= {{increase}}0.02 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 19,409 |ref = |change= {{increase}}4.09 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=United Goans Democratic Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}19.34 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1989===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Goa Legislative Assembly election]] : Curtorim<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20Goa%201989.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006124346/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20Goa%201989.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Francisco Sardinha]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,876 |percentage=66.73% |change={{decrease}}1.37 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Barbosa Agostinho Sevastiao |party=Janata Dal |votes=3,936 |percentage=29.59% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rodrigues Joaquim Filomena |party=Independent politician |votes=105 |percentage=0.79% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,940 |percentage=37.14% |change= {{decrease}}3.67 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=13,302 |percentage=69.49% |change= {{increase}}3.21 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 18,646 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}8.49 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1984===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election]] : Curtorim<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-MGH98.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144917/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-MGH98.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Francisco Sardinha]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,452 |percentage=68.09% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dias Inacio Caetano Marcelino |party=Independent politician |votes=3,787 |percentage=27.28% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gomes J. Paulo |party=Independent politician |votes=127 |percentage=0.91% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lotlikar Somnath Yeshwant |party=Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party |votes=120 |percentage=0.90% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,665 |percentage=40.81% |change= {{decrease}}2.14 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=13,881 |percentage=66.40% |change= {{increase}}5.90 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 20,375 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.13 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress (U) |swing= {{increase}}2.49 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1980===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election]] : Curtorim<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Goa |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Goa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114095835/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Goa.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Francisco Sardinha]] |party=Indian National Congress (U) |votes=7,418 |percentage=65.60% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Costa Sebastao Vicente |party=Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party |votes=2,561 |percentage=22.65% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Barbose Norman Rondolencio |party=Independent politician |votes=412 |percentage=3.64% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Costa Cajentan Peter Rosario |party=Janata Party (Secular) |votes=295 |percentage=2.61% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anteo Johny Jose Antonio R. |party=Independent politician |votes=155 |percentage=1.37% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=D. Costa Joseph Caitan |party=Independent politician |votes=115 |percentage=1.02% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,857 |percentage=42.95% |change= {{increase}}31.03 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=11,308 |percentage=60.29% |change= {{increase}}7.88 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 18,171 |ref = |change= {{increase}}4.43 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress (U) |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}23.89 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1977===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election]] : Curtorim<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Goa, Daman and Diu |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Goa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114095835/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Goa.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Francisco Sardinha]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,945 |percentage=41.71% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Aguiar Manuel Sebastiao |party=Janata Party |votes=2,817 |percentage=29.78% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Souza Pedro A. Francisco |party=Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party |votes=2,129 |percentage=22.51% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Viegas Antonio Des Ramedios Simplicio |party=Independent politician |votes=384 |percentage=4.06% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,128 |percentage=11.93% |change= {{decrease}}35.87 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=9,458 |percentage=53.59% |change= {{decrease}}5.42 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 17,401 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}2.16 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=United Goans Party (Sequeira Group) |swing= {{decrease}}25.27 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election]] : Curtorim<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Goa, Daman and Diu |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisticalRep_GOA_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114075126/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisticalRep_GOA_72.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=F. E. S. Silveira Martinho |party=United Goans Party (Sequeira Group) |votes=7,120 |percentage=66.98% |change={{decrease}}17.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Cardozoi Luis Piedade |party=Independent politician |votes=2,039 |percentage=19.18% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Banneto Roque Santana |party=Independent politician |votes=1,195 |percentage=11.24% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Fernandes Joao Filipe |party=Independent politician |votes=92 |percentage=0.87% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,081 |percentage=47.80% |change= {{decrease}}31.05 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,630 |percentage=58.73% |change= {{decrease}}1.60 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 17,785 |ref = |change= {{increase}}4.68 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=United Goans Party (Sequeira Group) |loser=United Goans Party (Sequeira Group) |swing= {{decrease}}17.21 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1967===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election]] : Curtorim<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Goa, Daman and Diu |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statisticall%20Report%20Goa%201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085800/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statisticall%20Report%20Goa%201967.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Barretto Roque Joaquim |party=United Goans Party (Sequeira Group) |votes=8,778 |percentage=84.19% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=C. A. M. Jose |party=Independent politician |votes=556 |percentage=5.33% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=C. J. Joao |party=Independent politician |votes=337 |percentage=3.23% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=E. Pimenta |party=United Goans Party (Furtado Group) |votes=200 |percentage=1.92% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=L. J. H. Antona |party=Independent politician |votes=183 |percentage=1.76% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. R. Estibeiro |party=Independent politician |votes=107 |percentage=1.03% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,222 |percentage=78.85% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,427 |percentage=59.81% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 16,990 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=United Goans Party (Sequeira Group) |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Goa Legislative Assembly]]
* [[South Goa district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Record of all Goa Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/71-goa/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=14 March 2022}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Goa}}

{{coord|15.29|74.03|display=title}}

[[Category:South Goa district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Goa]]
[[Category:Politics of Goa]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1963]]
[[Category:1963 establishments in Goa, Daman and Diu]]

List of Odia films of 1986

2026-04-15T06:41:56Z

StaciWinslow: New Article

{{Short description|Ollywood-produced films}}
{{Ollywood films}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
This is a list of films produced by the [[Ollywood]] film industry based in [[Bhubaneshwar]] and [[Cuttack]] in 1986:

==A-Z==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Title !! Director !! Cast !! Genre !! Notes
|-
| {{Year header}} | '''[[1986 in film|1986]]'''
|-
|''[[Bagula Baguli]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Bagula Baguli|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0246447/|access-date=2019-02-06}} {{unreliable?|date=September 2022}}</ref>|| [[Prashanta Nanda]] ||[[Prashanta Nanda]], [[Mahasweta Roy]], [[Srikant]] || ||
|-
|''[[Chha Mana Atha Guntha]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Chamana Atha Guntha|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0214571/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>|| [[Parbati Ghosh]] ||[[Bijay Mohanty]], [[Parbati Ghosh]], Sarat Pujari || ||
|-
|''[[Ei Aama Sansara]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Ei Aama Sansar|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0242430/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>||[[Sisir Misra]] || [[Bijay Mohanty]], [[Sriram Panda]], [[Tandra Ray]]|| ||
|-
| ''[[Jor Jar Mulak Tar]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Jor Jar Mulak Tar|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1404045/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>||Raju Mishra|| [[Uttam Mohanty]], [[Sriram Panda]], Aparajita Mohanty||||
|-
|''Kuhudi''<ref>{{Citation|title=Kuhudi|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0235529/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>|| [[Man Mohan Mahapatra]] || || ||
|-
|''[[Manika (film)|Manika]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Manika|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1411733/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>|| [[R. Asrar]] || || ||
|-
|''[[Manisha (film)|Manisha]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Manisha|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1422695/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>|| [[Jyoti Prakash]] ||[[Bijay Mohanty]], Aparajita Mohanty, [[Braja Das]] || ||
|-
|''[[Paka Kambal Pot Chhota]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Paka Kambal Pot Chhota|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0246837/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>||[[Prashanta Nanda]] ||[[Prashanta Nanda]], [[Uttam Mohanty]], [[Mahasweta Roy]]|| ||
|-
|''[[Sansara (film)|Sansara]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Sansara|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1411778/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>|| [[Debi Prasad Das]] || [[Bijay Mohanty]], [[Tandra Ray]]|| ||
|-
|''[[Trisandhya (1986 film)|Trisandhya]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Trisandhya|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0235832/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>|| [[Man Mohan Mahapatra]] || || ||
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian film list}}
{{1986 films}}

[[Category:Lists of Odia films by year|1986]]
[[Category:Lists of 1986 films by language|Ollywood]]
[[Category:1986 in Indian cinema|Films, Ollywood]]

List of astronauts of Indian origin

2026-04-14T10:37:11Z

StaciWinslow:

{{Short description|none}}
{{for|Indian nationals in space|List of Indian astronauts}}

As of 2025, six people of origin have been in space. The first astronaut of the Indian nationality, in space was [[Rakesh Sharma]] on Soyuz T-11 in 1984.<ref name=spacefacts>{{cite web|url=http://www.spacefacts.de/bios/international/english/sharma_rakesh.htm |title=Cosmonaut Biography: Rakesh Sharma |publisher=Spacefacts.de |access-date=6 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mapsofindia.com/who-is-who/miscellaneous/rakesh-sharma.html |title=Rakesh Sharma |publisher=Mapsofindia.com |access-date=6 July 2012}}</ref> Three astronauts – [[Kalpana Chawla]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Indo-US astronaut follows Kalpana's footsteps |author=Salim Rizvi |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6169111.stm |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=11 December 2006 |location=New York |access-date=20 November 2012 |quote=Almost four years after the death of the first American astronaut Kalpana Chawla in the Columbia space shuttle disaster, Nasa has sent another woman of Indian origin into space.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kalpana Chawla: Biography & Columbia Disaster |author=Nola Taylor Redd |url=http://www.space.com/17056-kalpana-chawla-biography.html |newspaper=[[Space.com]] |publisher=Tech Media Network |access-date=20 November 2012}}</ref> [[Sunita Williams]],<ref name="bio1">{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/williams-s.pdf |title=Sunita L. Williams (Commander, USN) |access-date=December 19, 2007 |publisher=[[NASA|National Aeronautics and Space Administration]] |year=2007 |author=NASA|author-link=NASA}}</ref> [[Raja Chari]]<ref name="nasabio">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/raja-chari/biography|title=Astronaut Candidate Raja Chari|last=Garcia|first=Mark|date=February 7, 2018|work=NASA|access-date=September 14, 2018|language=en|archive-date=February 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206192452/https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/raja-chari/biography/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="CBS News">{{cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/nasa-new-astronauts/|title=NASA introduces 12 new astronauts|last=Harwood|first=William|date=June 7, 2017|work=[[CBS News]]|publisher=[[CBS Broadcasting]]|access-date=June 8, 2017}}</ref><ref name="nasa">{{Cite web|last=Mars|first=Kelli|date=December 3, 2021|title=NASA Astronaut Candidate Anil Menon|url=http://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/anil-menon/biography|access-date=December 22, 2021|website=NASA}}</ref> – flew as NASA astronauts. Williams with three spaceflights, have the record of most number of spaceflights by an astronaut of Indian origin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biographical Data |url=https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/chawla_kalpana.pdf?emrc=b7b7dd |access-date=2024-02-02}}</ref><ref name="sunitawilliams">{{Cite web |title=Sunita L. Williams – NASA |url=https://www.nasa.gov/people/sunita-l-williams/ |access-date=2024-02-03 |language=en-US}}</ref> Williams and Chari are the only astronauts to have made long-term spaceflights.<ref name="sunitawilliams"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=NASA Astronaut: Raja Chari – NASA |url=https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/astronauts/raja-chari/ |access-date=2024-02-03 |language=en-US}}</ref>

[[Sirisha Bandla]] is the first and only Indian-born woman to make a [[suborbital flight]] as a space tourist, which she did on [[Virgin Galactic Unity 22]] on July 11, 2021.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=2021-07-12|title=Sirisha Bandla: India celebrates woman who flew on Virgin Galactic|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-57801518|access-date=2021-07-13}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2021-07-05|title=Family of Indian-American astronaut on Virgin Galactic crew "happy and overwhelmed"|url=https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/science/family-indian-american-astronaut-virgin-galactic-crew-happy-overwhelmed-2021-07-05/|access-date=2021-07-13|website=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Madhok|first=Diksha|title=Sirisha Bandla, India-born woman and Virgin Galactic executive, flies into space with Richard Branson|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/07/12/tech/sirisha-bandla-virgin-galactic-intl-hnk/index.html|access-date=2021-07-13|website=CNN|date=12 July 2021 }}</ref>

==Astronauts==
===Orbital===
{{sticky header}}
{| class="wikitable sticky-header"
|-
! No.
! Image
! Name Birth date
! Ancestry
! Birth
! Comment
! Missions (Launch date)
! Time in Space
|-
|1
|[[File:Kalpana Chawla, NASA photo portrait in orange suit.jpg|80px]]
|[[Kalpana Chawla]] March 17, 1962
|colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|{{IND}}
|First [[Indian American]] in space and First Indian origin woman in Space. Died on the [[Space Shuttle Columbia disaster|''Columbia'']].
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[STS-87]] (November 19, 1997) {{flagicon|USA}} [[STS-107]] (January 16, 2003)
| 31 days, 14 hours, 54 minutes
|-
|2
|[[File:Sunita Williams.jpg|80px]]
|[[Sunita Williams]] September 19, 1965
|{{IND}}
|{{USA}}
|Served on ISS [[Expedition 14]]/[[Expedition 15|15]], [[Expedition 32]]/[[Expedition 33 (ISS)|33]] and [[Expedition 71]]/[[Expedition 72|72]]. Second female commander of ISS. First female astronaut to fly on an orbital spacecraft's maiden flight, i.e., [[Boeing Starliner]].
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[STS-116]]/[[STS-117|117]] (December 9, 2006) {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Soyuz TMA-05M]] (July 15, 2012) {{flagicon|USA}} [[Starliner Crewed Flight Test]]/[[SpaceX Crew-9]] (June 5, 2024)
| 608 days, 20 minutes
|-
|3
|[[File:Brig Gen Raja J. Chari.jpg|80px]]
|[[Raja Chari]] June 24, 1977
|{{IND}}
|{{USA}}
|Selected in 2017 to [[NASA Astronaut Group 22]].
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[SpaceX Crew-3]] (November 11, 2021)
| 176 days
|-
|4
|[[File:Anil Menon portrait.jpg|80px]]
|[[Anil Menon (NASA astronaut)|Anil Menon]] October 15, 1976
|{{IND}}
|{{USA}}
|Selected in 2021 to [[NASA Astronaut Group 23]].
|''{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Soyuz MS-29]] (March 2026) (planned)''
| ''N/A''
|}

==Space Tourists==
===Suborbital===

{{sticky header}}
{| class="wikitable sticky-header"
|-
! No.
! Image
! Name
! Ancestry
! Birth
! Comment
! Missions (Launch date)
! Time in Space
|-
| 1
|
| [[Sirisha Bandla]] 
|colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | {{IND}}
| Second Indian-born woman to fly to space, First Indian-American space tourist.
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Virgin Galactic Unity 22]] (July 11, 2021)
| 14 minutes, 17 seconds
|-
| 2
|
| Andy Sadhwani
|style="text-align:center;" | {{IND}}
|style="text-align:center;" | {{USA}}
| Principal Propulsion Engineer at [[SpaceX]]
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Galactic 07]] (June 8, 2024)<ref>{{cite tweet |author=Jonathan McDowell |user=planet4589 |number=1799468227447476573 |title=Galactic 07 was dropped and fired its rocket engine at about 1526:30 UTC and landed at around 1541 UTC. Apogee not yet known. |date=8 June 2024}}</ref><ref name="vg-20240501">{{cite press release |url=https://www.virgingalactic.com/news/galactic-07-mission-launch-window-opens-june-8 |title='Galactic 07' mission launch window opens June 8 |date=1 May 2024 |access-date=4 May 2024 |work=Virgin Galactic}}</ref>
| 15 minutes, 10 seconds
|-
| 3
|
| Tushar Mehta
|style="text-align:center;" | {{IND}}
|style="text-align:center;" | {{USA}}
| a [[MIT]] graduate and [[Particle physics|Particle Physicist]]
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Blue Origin NS-30]] (February 25, 2025)<ref name="BOweb">{{cite web |date=25 February 2025 |orig-date=18 February 2025 |title=Blue Origin's New Shepard Completes 30th Mission to Space |url=https://www.blueorigin.com/news/new-shepard-ns-30-mission |access-date=21 February 2025 |website=Blue Origin}}</ref>
| 10 minutes, 8 seconds
|-
| 4
|
| Arvinder (Arvi) Singh Bahal
|colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | {{IND}}
| Indian-born real-estate investor, adventurer and private pilot.
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Blue Origin NS-34]] (August 3, 2025)
| 10 minutes, 8 seconds
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*[[ISRO]]

[[Category:Indian astronauts|*]]
[[Category:Lists of astronauts by nationality|India]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian people by occupation|Astronauts]]
[[Category:Space programme of India]]

Devadurga Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:21:27Z

StaciWinslow: started new article first draft

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Karnataka State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Devadurga
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 56
| map_image = 56-Devadurga constituency.svg
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| district = [[Raichur district|Raichur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Raichur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raichur]]
| established = 1951
| reservation = ST
| mla = [[Karemma Nayak]]
| party = {{Party index link|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = [[K. Shivanagouda Naik|K. Shivanagouda Nayak]]
| electors = {{formatnum:233492}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/15163-karnataka-2023/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |access-date=24 July 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|7}}
}}
'''Devadurga Assembly constituency''' is one of the 224 [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Karnataka]] in [[India]].<ref name=electors2019>{{cite web |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PCELE2019/GE2019_VOTERS_COUNT.pdf |title=Karnataka Loksabha Elections - 2019 - Voters Count |website=ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in |accessdate= 10 February 2021}}</ref> It is part of [[Raichur district]] and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]].
As of 2023, it is represented by [[Karemma Nayak]] of the [[Janata Dal (Secular)]].<ref name="Karnataka Election Results 2023 winners: Full list of winning candidates">{{cite news |last1=India Today |title=Karnataka Election Results 2023 winners: Full list of winning candidates |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/karnataka-assembly-polls-2023/story/karnataka-assembly-election-results-2023-full-list-of-winners-2378524-2023-05-13 |accessdate=14 May 2023 |date=14 May 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514043110/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/karnataka-assembly-polls-2023/story/karnataka-assembly-election-results-2023-full-list-of-winners-2378524-2023-05-13 |archivedate=14 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref>{{update after|2028|7}}

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#BB8ED0" | [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || Karibasappa Guru Basappa || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || B. Shivanna || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Sharanappa
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || S. P. B. Patil || {{Full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Sharanappa || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}
|-
| [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || rowspan="2" | B. Shivanna || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || A. Purshpavathi || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || B. Shivanna || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]] || [[B. T. Lalitha Naik]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || Akkaraki Yallappa || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || Alkod Hanumanthappa || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || rowspan="2" | [[K. Shivanagouda Naik]]
|-
| [[2008 elections in India#Karnataka|2008 By-election]]
|-
| [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2013]] || [[Venkatesh Nayak]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2016 elections in India#Karnataka|2016 By-election]] {{efn|Died on 24/08/2015}} || rowspan="2" | [[K. Shivanagouda Naik]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|-
| [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]] || [[Karemma Nayak]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|}
{{notelist}}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2023 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Devadurga <ref name=election2023/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Karemma Nayak]] |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 99,544 |percentage = 56.75% |change = {{increase}}52.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivanagouda |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 65,288 |percentage = 37.22% |change = {{decrease}}5.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = A. Shridevi |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 3,909 |percentage = 2.23% |change = {{decrease}}26.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Roopa |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,784 |percentage = 1.59% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 2,751 |percentage = 1.57% |change = {{increase}}0.34 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Narasannagouda Hosamani |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,130 |percentage = 0.64% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 34,256 |percentage = 19.53% |change = {{increase}}6.16 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 175,560 |percentage = 75.19% |change = {{increase}}6.01 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 175,406}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 233,492 |ref = |change = {{increase}}2.48 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Dal (Secular) |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}14.17 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2018 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Devadurga <ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/6933-karnataka-2018/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2018 |website=Election Commission of India |accessdate= 4 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[K. Shivanagouda Naik]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 67,003 |percentage = 42.58% |change = {{decrease}}9.53 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = A. Rajashekar Nayak |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 45,958 |percentage = 29.20% |change = {{decrease}}10.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Karemma |party = Independent politician |votes = 25,226 |percentage = 16.03% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Arkera Venkatesh Pujari |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 7,137 |percentage = 4.54% |change = {{decrease}}2.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mamitha Siddayyatata Guruvina |party = Independent politician |votes = 6,391 |percentage = 4.06% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivaraj Dore |party = All India Mahila Empowerment Party |votes = 2,179 |percentage = 1.38% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,932 |percentage = 1.23% |change = }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Narasannagouda Hosamani |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,543 |percentage = 0.98% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 21,045 |percentage = 13.37% |change = {{increase}}1.27 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 157,617 |percentage = 69.18% |change = {{increase}}2.10 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 157,369}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 227,846 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.30 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}9.53 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly By-election 2016 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2016 elections in India#Karnataka|2016 Karnataka Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Devadurga <ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/statistical-report/detailed-bye-election-results/ |title=Bye-Election Results - Election Commission of India |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=old.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] }}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[K. Shivanagouda Naik]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 72,647 |percentage = 52.11% |change = {{increase}}7.06 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = A. Rajashekar Nayak |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 55,776 |percentage = 40.01% |change = {{decrease}}7.89 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Karemma G. Nayaka |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 9,156 |percentage = 6.57% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivaraj Dore |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,837 |percentage = 1.32% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,708 |percentage = 1.23% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 16,871 |percentage = 12.10% |change = {{increase}}9.24 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 141,126 |percentage = 67.08% |change = {{decrease}}2.62 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 139,406}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 210,383 |ref = |change = {{increase}}15.05 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}4.21 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2013 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Devadurga <ref>{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 : To the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |website=eci.nic.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=2014-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220034253/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Venkatesh Nayak]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 62,070 |percentage = 47.90% |change = {{increase}}11.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Arakera K. Shivanagouda Nayak |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 58,370 |percentage = 45.05% |change = {{increase}}32.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shanth Gowda |party = Karnataka Janata Paksha |votes = 2,747 |percentage = 2.12% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Anjala Channanagouda |party = Badavara Shramikara Raitara Congress |votes = 2,158 |percentage = 1.67% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Basavaraj Nayak Gugeradody |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Red Star |votes = 1,217 |percentage = 0.94% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Channabasava |party = Janata Dal (United) |votes = 860 |percentage = 0.66% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,700 |percentage = 2.86% |change = {{decrease}}2.29 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 127,443 |percentage = 69.70% |change = {{increase}}13.91 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 129,580}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 182,856 |ref = |change = {{increase}}14.53 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Dal (Secular) |swing = {{increase}}6.08 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Devadurga <ref>{{cite web |title=General Election Karnataka Legislative Assembly 2008 Election Statistics |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |publisher=Government of Karnataka |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201232433/https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[K. Shivanagouda Naik]] |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 37,226 |percentage = 41.82% |change = {{increase}}3.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Venkatesh Nayak]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 32,639 |percentage = 36.67% |change = {{increase}}17.53 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sujatha Patil |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 11,374 |percentage = 12.78% |change = {{increase}}6.72 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hanumesh Shivanna |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,564 |percentage = 2.88% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Venkanna Dore |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,133 |percentage = 2.40% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sanjeevappa Naik |party = Samajwadi Party |votes = 1,123 |percentage = 1.26% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Manashayya Naik |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,007 |percentage = 1.13% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Adeppa |party = Independent politician |votes = 949 |percentage = 1.07% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,587 |percentage = 5.15% |change = {{decrease}}10.18 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 89,064 |percentage = 55.79% |change = {{increase}}0.48 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 89,015}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 159,653 |ref = |change = {{increase}}1.44 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Janata Dal (Secular) |swing = {{increase}}3.35 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Devadurga <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006204912/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Alkod Hanumanthappa |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 33,460 |percentage = 38.47% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Manappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 20,125 |percentage = 23.14% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Akkaraki Yallappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 16,648 |percentage = 19.14% |change = {{decrease}}38.62 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Thimmayya. R |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 5,271 |percentage = 6.06% |change = {{decrease}}7.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Lalitha Nayak. B. T |party = Janata Party |votes = 3,947 |percentage = 4.54% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rangappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,879 |percentage = 3.31% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Soma Sekher Ramdurga |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,964 |percentage = 2.26% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,426 |percentage = 1.64% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hanmanthappa |party = Kannada Nadu Party |votes = 1,262 |percentage = 1.45% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,335 |percentage = 15.33% |change = {{decrease}}21.33 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 87,051 |percentage = 55.31% |change = {{decrease}}0.84 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 86,982}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 157,394 |ref = |change = {{increase}}19.91 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Dal (Secular) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}19.29 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Devadurga <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006053217/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Akkaraki Yallappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 39,973 |percentage = 57.76% |change = {{increase}}34.40 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivalingaswami |party = Janata Dal (United) |votes = 14,602 |percentage = 21.10% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Thimmayya. R |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 9,112 |percentage = 13.17% |change = {{increase}}8.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chandrappa |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 5,519 |percentage = 7.97% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 25,371 |percentage = 36.66% |change = {{increase}}25.85 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 73,706 |percentage = 56.15% |change = {{increase}}7.51 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 69,206}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 4,469 |percentage = 6.06% |change = {{increase}}1.83 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 131,260 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.12 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Dal |swing = {{increase}}20.04 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1994 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Devadurga <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006211324/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[B. T. Lalitha Naik]] |party = Janata Dal |votes = 20,946 |percentage = 37.72% |change = {{increase}}16.62 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Yellappa |party = Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee |votes = 14,943 |percentage = 26.91% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Shivanna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 12,973 |percentage = 23.36% |change = {{decrease}}24.62 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bassanna Kote |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 2,486 |percentage = 4.48% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kemanna |party = Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha |votes = 2,109 |percentage = 3.80% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tippanna |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 841 |percentage = 1.51% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Muthuswamy Sethu |party = Independent politician |votes = 600 |percentage = 1.08% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Laxmi Devivh Master |party = Independent politician |votes = 437 |percentage = 0.79% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,003 |percentage = 10.81% |change = {{decrease}}15.85 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 57,983 |percentage = 48.64% |change = {{increase}}4.20 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 55,529}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 2,454 |percentage = 4.23% |change = {{decrease}}4.56 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 119,197 |ref = |change = {{increase}}6.80 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Dal |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}10.26 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1989 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Devadurga <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007070737/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = B. Shivanna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 21,705 |percentage = 47.98% |change = {{increase}}4.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chandrakanth |party = Janata Party |votes = 9,644 |percentage = 21.32% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = A. Pushpavati |party = Janata Dal |votes = 9,546 |percentage = 21.10% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Muthuswamy Sethu |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,057 |percentage = 2.34% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. Chandrasekharayya |party = Independent politician |votes = 995 |percentage = 2.20% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tippanna |party = Independent politician |votes = 824 |percentage = 1.82% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Earanna Naik |party = Kranti Sabha |votes = 788 |percentage = 1.74% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Laxmi Devi |party = Independent politician |votes = 402 |percentage = 0.89% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Urukundappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 276 |percentage = 0.61% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 12,061 |percentage = 26.66% |change = {{increase}}22.98 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 49,599 |percentage = 44.44% |change = {{increase}}1.23 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 45,237}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 4,362 |percentage = 8.79% |change = {{increase}}5.55 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 111,605 |ref = |change = {{increase}}28.52 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}0.81 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Devadurga <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006143216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = A. Purshpavathi |party = Janata Party |votes = 17,127 |percentage = 47.17% |change = {{increase}}5.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Shivanna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 15,790 |percentage = 43.49% |change = {{decrease}}9.18 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Yelakappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,134 |percentage = 5.88% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = D. Yenkappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,130 |percentage = 3.11% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,337 |percentage = 3.68% |change = {{decrease}}7.14 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 37,525 |percentage = 43.21% |change = {{decrease}}0.03 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 36,309}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,216 |percentage = 3.24% |change = {{decrease}}2.19 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 86,842 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.44 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}5.50 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Devadurga <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124742/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = B. Shivanna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 17,251 |percentage = 52.67% |change = {{increase}}43.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Yellappa Rangappa |party = Janata Party |votes = 13,708 |percentage = 41.86% |change = {{increase}}13.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Adeppa |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 1,792 |percentage = 5.47% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,543 |percentage = 10.82% |change = {{decrease}}23.23 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 34,631 |percentage = 43.24% |change = {{decrease}}4.80 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 32,751}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,880 |percentage = 5.43% |change = {{increase}}0.12 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 80,082 |ref = |change = {{increase}}4.83 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{decrease}}9.92 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Devadurga <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007164123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = B. Shivanna |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 21,752 |percentage = 62.59% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Noorya Naik Hemlya Naik |party = Janata Party |votes = 9,921 |percentage = 28.55% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramji Naik Ganka Naik |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 3,078 |percentage = 8.86% |change = {{decrease}}25.87 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 11,831 |percentage = 34.05% |change = {{increase}}26.77 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 36,700 |percentage = 48.04% |change = {{increase}}1.26 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 34,751}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,949 |percentage = 5.31% |change = {{increase}}5.31 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 76,391 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.58 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |swing = {{increase}}20.58 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Devadurga <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006074555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Sharanappa |party = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes = 12,795 |percentage = 42.01% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ambanna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 10,579 |percentage = 34.73% |change = {{decrease}}1.54 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sadashivappa Patil |party = Independent politician |votes = 6,838 |percentage = 22.45% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Siddappa Bijapur |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 245 |percentage = 0.80% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,216 |percentage = 7.28% |change = {{decrease}}20.17 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 32,028 |percentage = 46.78% |change = {{decrease}}5.90 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 30,457}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 68,465 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.00 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |loser = Swatantra Party |swing = {{decrease}}21.72 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Devadurga <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006083645/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = S. P. B. Patil |party = Swatantra Party |votes = 19,074 |percentage = 63.73% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sharanappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 10,857 |percentage = 36.27% |change = {{decrease}}34.76 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,217 |percentage = 27.45% |change = {{decrease}}14.62 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 32,492 |percentage = 52.68% |change = {{increase}}9.19 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 29,931}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 61,678 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.53 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Swatantra Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}7.30 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Devadurga <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006093153/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Sharanappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 16,143 |percentage = 71.03% |change = {{increase}}13.00 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = C. M. Devindra Naik |party = Lok Sewak Sangh |votes = 6,583 |percentage = 28.97% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,560 |percentage = 42.07% |change = {{increase}}26.01 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 24,488 |percentage = 43.49% |change = {{increase}}12.20 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 22,726}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 56,309 |ref = |change = {{increase}}6.57 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}13.00 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1957 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Devadurga <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111195053/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = B. Shivanna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 9,595 |percentage = 58.03% |change = {{increase}}33.79 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sidramappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 6,940 |percentage = 41.97% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,655 |percentage = 16.06% |change = {{decrease}}35.47 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 16,535 |percentage = 31.29% |change = {{decrease}}3.66 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 16,535}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 52,836 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}1.99 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Independent politician |swing = {{decrease}}17.73 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election]] : Deodurg <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Hyderabad |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606161433/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf|archive-date=6 June 2016|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Karibasappa Guru Basappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 14,274 |percentage = 75.76% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gudihal Hanumanth Rao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 4,566 |percentage = 24.24% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,708 |percentage = 51.53% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 18,840 |percentage = 34.95% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 18,840}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 53,909 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Independent politician |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Raichur district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Karnataka}}

[[Category:Raichur district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Mysore State]]
{{coord|16.42|76.93|display=title}}

Arabinda Mukhopadhyay

2026-04-13T15:07:39Z

StaciWinslow: started the entry needs work

{{Short description|Indian filmmaker, film director and editor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Arabinda Mukhopadhyay
| native_name = অরবিন্দ মুখোপাধ্যায়
| alias = Dhulu babu
| image =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1919|6|18|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Katihar]], [[Bihar]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2016|02|10|1919|06|18|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Tollyganj]], [[Calcutta]], [[West Bengal]], India
| father = Satyacharan Mukhopadhyay
| mother = Mrinalini Devi
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Filmmaker
| spouse =
| years_active =
| children = two sons, a daughter
}}
'''Arabinda Mukhopadhyay''' (18 June 1919 – 10 February 2016) was an [[India|Indian]] filmmaker, film director and editor, who directed all-time classics like [[Nishi Padma]] (1970), [[Dhanyee Meye]] (1971), [[Mouchak]] (1974) and [[Agnishwar]] (1975). He also wrote stories and screenplays.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gomolo.com/agniswar-movie/14193|title=Agniswar (1975)|website=gomolo.com|access-date=12 February 2021|archive-date=14 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191114084057/http://www.gomolo.com/agniswar-movie/14193|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/bengali-director-aurobindo-mukherjee-dead/|title=Bengali director Aurobindo Mukherjee dead|date=2016-02-11|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2017-09-26|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Mukhopadhyay was born in [[Katihar]] District, [[Bihar]] on 18 June 1919. His family originally hailed from [[Sehakhala]] situated in [[Hooghly District]] of present-day [[West Bengal]]. His father, Satyacharan Mukhopadhyay, was a doctor, and his mother was Mrinalini Devi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/supplements/the-best-year-of-story-telling-124786.html|title=The best year of story telling|website=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |date=20 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newsmen.in/news-item/arabinda-mukherjee-director-of-timeless-bengali-flicks-mouchak-dhanyee-meye-dies/|title=Arabinda Mukherjee, director of timeless Bengali flicks Mouchak, Dhanyee Meye, dies|date=2016-02-10|work=NEWSMEN|access-date=2017-09-26|language=en-GB|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201182517/http://www.newsmen.in/news-item/arabinda-mukherjee-director-of-timeless-bengali-flicks-mouchak-dhanyee-meye-dies/|url-status=dead}}</ref> His elder brother was the noted Bengali writer [[Balai Chand Mukhopadhyay]].

==Career==
In a career spanning four decades, he directed total 26 full-length films, 3 telefilms and 1 television serial.
His very first directorial effort "Kichukkhon" in 1959 give him a nomination for the president's award.<ref name="auto"/> Another movie of his, "Ahban", was screened at the Cannes Film Festival in 1961.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eisamay.indiatimes.com/kolkata-collage-kolkattewali/new-town/about-bengali-film-director-arabinda-mukherjee/articleshow/47745827.cms|title=বহু জনপ্রিয় ছবির স্রষ্টা তিনি৷|website=Ei Samay}}</ref> His inspiration was Bengali Filmmakers like [[Agradoot]], [[Debaki Bose]], [[Bimal Roy]], [[Niren Lahiri]], [[Ajoy Kar]].

==Death==
Mukhopadhyay died on February 10, 2016, at his Kolkata residence.<ref name="auto"/>

==Awards and nominations==
*Ahban movie nominated at Cannes Film Festival in 1961
*[[National Film Award]] nominated for Best Bengali Movie(1970) for [[Nishi Padma]].
1970 [[National Film Awards]]-
Best Male Playback Singer: [[Manna Dey]] - "Ja Khushi Ora Bole"
Best Female Playback Singer: [[Sandhya Mukherjee]] - "Ore Sakol Sona Molin Holo.<ref name="18thaward">{{cite web|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm17thNFAAward.aspx|title=18th National Film Awards|publisher=[[International Film Festival of India]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020065742/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm17thNFAAward.aspx|archive-date=20 October 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

*[[20th Filmfare Awards]] (1972) for Best Screenplay - Movie [[Amar Prem]]

==Selected filmography==
{{columns-list|colwidth=15em|}}
# kichukkhan (1959)
# Ahban (1961)
# Jeevan Sangeet (1968)
# Pita Putra (1969)
# [[Nishipadma]] (1970)
# [[Dhanyee Meye]] (1971)
# [[Mouchak]] (1974)
# [[Agnishwar]] (1975)
# Ajasra Dhanyabad (1976)
# Mantramugdha (1977)
# Ae Prithibi Pantha Niwas (1977)
# [[Nadi Theke Sagare]] (1978)
# [[Paka Dekha]] (1980)
# Prayashchitta (1983)
# Sansarer Itikatha (1983)
# Arpita (1983)
# Ajante (1986)
# Barnachora
# Kenram Becharam
# Natun Jiban
# Nayikar Bhumkay

==See also==
* [[Aniket Chattopadhyay]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name| 1031494 }}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mukhopadhyay, Arabinda}}
[[Category:1919 births]]
[[Category:Film directors from Bihar]]
[[Category:Bengali film directors]]
[[Category:Hindi film editors]]
[[Category:Visva-Bharati University alumni]]
[[Category:People from Katihar]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:2016 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian male screenwriters]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:Film directors from Kolkata]]

Kalicharan Prasad

2026-04-10T04:01:05Z

StaciWinslow: Creating Basic Biography More To Come

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Kali Prasad
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| constituency = [[Salempur (Assembly constituency)|Salempur]], [[Deoria district|Deoria]]
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]], [[17th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|17th Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = March 2017
| term_end = March 2022
| predecessor = Manbodh
| successor =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1967|05|06}}
| birth_place = Devkali, [[Deoria district|Deoria]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]<ref name="Profile"/>
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| birth_name =
| parents = Late. Rajman<ref name="Candidate affidavit"/>
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Swarnalata Devi|1979}}
| partner =
| relations =
| children = 2 sons, 2 daughters
| alma_mater = Graduate
| occupation = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
| profession = Politician<ref name="Candidate affidavit"/>
}}
'''Kali Prasad''' (known as '''Kalicharan Prasad''') is an Indian politician and a member of 17th Legislative Assembly of [[Deoria district|Deoria]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] of [[India]]. He represents the [[Salempur (Assembly constituency)|Salempur]] constituency of Uttar Pradesh and is a member of the [[Bhartiya Janata Party]].<ref name="Candidate affidavit">{{cite news|title=Candidate affidavit|publisher= my neta.info|url=http://www.myneta.info/uttarpradesh2017/candidate.php?candidate_id=4979|access-date=7 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nocorruption.in/politician/kalicharan-prasad-urf-kali-prasad/|title=Kalicharan Prasad Urf Kali Prasad|website=nocorruption.in|access-date=7 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/deoria-school-in-inspection-mla-kali-prasad-salempur-17766873.html|title=पीएम व सीएम का नाम नहीं बता पाए बच्चे = काली प्रसाद|work=Jagran|access-date=7 December 2018}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Prasad was born 6 May 1967 in Devkali, [[Deoria district|Deoria]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] to his father Rajman. He married Swarnalata Devi in 1979, they have two sons and two daughters. He belongs to Chamar ([[Schedule Caste]]) family. In 1990, he got Graduation degree from Sampurnanand Sanskrit University, [[Varanasi district|Varanasi]].<ref name=Profile>{{cite web|url=http://www.upvidhansabhaproceedings.gov.in/member?memberId=19790|work=official website of Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|title=Member Profile|access-date=7 December 2018}}</ref>

==Political career==
Peasad has been MLA for one term. Since 2017, he represents Salempur constituency as a member of [[Bhartiya Janata Party]]. He defeated [[Samajwadi Party]] candidate Vijay Laxmi Gautam by a margin of 25,654 votes.<ref name=Result>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/salempur.html|title=Salempur Result 2017|work=www.elections.in|access-date=7 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.india.com/assembly-election-2017/uttar-pradesh/salempur/|title=Salempur - Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2017|website=www.india.com|access-date=7 December 2018}}</ref>

==Posts held==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! # !! From !! To !! Position !! Comments
|-
| 01 ||March 2017 || March 2022 || Member, [[17th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2017/UP/10.Detailed%20Results.pdf|title=Uttar Pradesh 2017 Result|website=Election Commission of India|access-date=7 December 2018}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prasad, Kali}}
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Deoria district]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2017–2022]]
[[Category:1967 births]]

Anpodu Kanmani

2026-04-07T01:52:08Z

StaciWinslow: started first details added tags!

{{short description|Indian Malayalam-language drama film}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Anpodu Kanmani
| image = Anpodu Kanmani.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Liju Thomaz
| producer = Vipin Pavithran
| starring =
{{plainlist|
* [[Arjun Ashokan]]
* [[Anagha Narayanan]]
* [[Parvathi T.]]
}}
| music = [[Samuel Aby]]
| released = {{Film date|2025|01|24|df=y}}
| production_companies = Kreative Fish
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}
'''''Anpodu Kanmani''''' ({{translation|With love, beloved}}) is a 2025 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[drama film]] directed by Liju Thomaz starring [[Arjun Ashokan]] and Anagha Narayanan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-10-15 |title='Anpodu Kanmani' teaser: Arjun Ashokan, Anagha Narayanan starrer hints at a humorous take on societal structures |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/anpodu-kanmani-teaser-arjun-ashokan-anagha-narayanan-starrer-hints-at-a-humorous-take-on-societal-structures/article68755897.ece |access-date=2025-04-06 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The film depicts the struggles of a newly wed couple who are forced to face the irrelevant and irritating questions asked by the society around them.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arjun Ashokan, Anagha Narayanan's 'Anpodu Kanmani' is thought-provoking, honest |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2025/01/24/anpodu-kanmani-arjun-ashokan-anagha-narayanan-family-drama-review.html |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=Arjun Ashokan, Anagha Narayanan's 'Anpodu Kanmani' is thought-provoking, honest |language=en}}</ref>

== Plot ==
''Anpodu Kanmani'' is a Malayalam family drama that delves into the societal pressures faced by newlyweds Nakulan and Shalini. Nakulan, portrayed by Arjun Ashokan, runs a laterite stone quarry business in a village in Kannur. Shalini, played by Anagha Narayanan, joins him as his wife, and together they begin their marital journey.<ref>{{Cite web |last=vipinvk@asianetnews.in |title=അൻപോട് കൺമണി: ഒരു കുടുംബത്തിന്‍റെ ഹൃദയസ്പർശിയായ കഥ - റിവ്യൂ |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/movie-reviews/anpodu-kanmani-movie-review-arjun-ashokan-and-anagha-narayanan-play-a-couple-struggling-to-meet-societal-expectations-sql1f5 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=Asianet News Malayalam |language=ml}}</ref> Their initial months are filled with joy and mutual understanding. However, as time progresses, they are incessantly confronted with the question, "Any good news?" from family and community members, pressuring them about starting a family. This constant intrusion into their personal lives leads to mounting frustration and emotional turmoil. The narrative intensifies when Shalini confronts a particularly intrusive relative, leading to a pivotal moment in the story. The film poignantly portrays their struggle to balance personal desires with societal expectations, highlighting the emotional strain such pressures and invasion of privacy can inflict on a relationship.

== Cast ==
* [[Arjun Ashokan]] as Nakulan
* [[Anagha Narayanan]] as Shalini
* Navas Vallikkunnu as Shukkur
* [[Althaf Salim]] as Rafeeque
* [[Johny Antony]] as Dr.Rajeev
* [[Mala Parvathi]] as Rajamma
* [[Mridul Nair]] as Jithu
* [[Bhagath Manuel]] as Stephen

== Soundtrack ==
[[Samuel Aby]] composed the songs and background score for the film.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anpodu Kanmani {{!}} Song - Raa Shalabhangalayi Nammal |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/malayalam/anpodu-kanmani-song-raa-shalabhangalayi-nammal/videoshow/117223900.cms |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> Lyrics by [[Manu Manjith]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Santhosh |first=Vivek |date=2024-10-20 |title=First single from Anpodu Kanmani is out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Oct/20/first-single-from-anpodu-kanmani-is-out#google_vignette |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| headline = Track Listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Mazhananavariyum
| extra1 = [[K. S. Chithra]]
| title2 = Vadakkudikkiloru
| extra2 = [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]], [[Sithara Krishnakumar]]
| title3 = Ra Shalabhangalayi Nammal
| extra3 = [[K. S. Harisankar]]
| title4 = Naanam Melle Melle Matti
| extra4 = [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]], Angel Mary Joseph
}}

== Release and Reception ==
The movie released in theatres on 24 January 2025 and started streaming on [[Amazon Prime Video]] from 28 March 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anpodu Kanmani OTT : 'അൻപോടു കൺമണി' തിയേറ്റര്‍ റിലീസ് കഴിഞ്ഞ് രണ്ട് മാസത്തിന് ശേഷം ഒടിടിയില്‍ ! - Anpodu Kanmani is out on OTT Where to watch Arjun Ashokan family - Asianet News Malayalam |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/anpodu-kanmani-is-out-on-ott-where-to-watch-arjun-ashokan-family-movie-stvxeu |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=www.asianetnews.com}}</ref>

Anjana George of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film 3 out of 5 stars and wrote, "''Anpodu Kanmani'' may not reinvent the wheel, but its honest storytelling and relatable characters make it worth a watch."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Anpodu Kanmani Movie Review : Anpodu Kanmani is a straightforward tale of ordinary lives |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/anpodu-kanmani/movie-review/117572092.cms |access-date=2025-04-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Hari of ''[[Mathrubhumi]]'' wrote that "Heart-warming tale".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-24 |title=വടക്കുദിക്കിലെ കറക്കുചെക്കന്റെയും പെണ്ണിന്റേയും 'വിശേഷങ്ങൾ'; മനസ് നിറയ്ക്കും, അൻപോട് കൺമണി |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/reviews/arjun-ashokan-anagha-narayanan-anpodu-kanmani-movie-review-malayalam-1.10282070 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=Mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref>

R. B. Sreelekha of ''[[ManoramaOnline]]'' wrote that "Simple film that brings tears of joy".<ref>{{Cite web |title=അൻപോടു ചേർക്കാം ഈ സിനിമയും; റിവ്യു |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-reviews/2025/01/24/anpodu-kanmani-malayalam-movie-review.html |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=അൻപോടു ചേർക്കാം ഈ സിനിമയും; റിവ്യു |language=ml}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Asianet News]]'' wrote that "Well rooted musical tale that touches the heart".<ref>{{Cite web |last=vipinvk@asianetnews.in |title=അൻപോട് കൺമണി: ഒരു കുടുംബത്തിന്‍റെ ഹൃദയസ്പർശിയായ കഥ - റിവ്യൂ |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/movie-reviews/anpodu-kanmani-movie-review-arjun-ashokan-and-anagha-narayanan-play-a-couple-struggling-to-meet-societal-expectations-sql1f5 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=Asianet News Malayalam |language=ml}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2025 drama films]]
[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]

Sibbu Suryan

2026-04-05T19:48:24Z

StaciWinslow: made initial stub v1!

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{notability|1=Biographies|date=February 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sibbu Suryan
| image =
| alt =
| caption = Sibbu Suryan in 2023
| other_names =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1990|03|26|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Shimoga]], Karnataka, India
| alma_mater = [[National Institute of Technology, Karnataka]]
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 2017–present
| known_for = ''[[Roja (Tamil TV series)|Roja]]''
| height =
| television =
| awards =
}}

'''Sibbu Suryan''' (born 26 March 1990), is an Indian television actor who predominantly works in [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] and [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]] industry. He is best known for playing the lead role Arjun Prathap in [[Tamil television drama|Tamil soap opera]] ''[[Roja (Tamil TV series)|Roja]]''.<ref name=".0">{{Cite news|first=Sharanya|last=CR|date=21 April 2021|title=Roja will be my last serial on television, says Sibbu Suryan|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/roja-will-be-my-last-serial-on-television-says-sibbu-suryan/articleshow/82183223.cms|work=The Times of India|access-date=15 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=26 May 2021|title=Chennai Times 20 Most Desirable Men on Television 2020|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/chennai-times-20-most-desirable-men-on-television-2020/articleshow/82945621.cms|work=The Times of India|access-date=15 June 2022}}</ref>

== Early life and Career ==
Sibbu was born on 26 March 1990 in [[Shimoga]], Karnataka to a Hindu [[Rajput clans|Rajput]] family.<ref>{{Cite news|date=28 March 2021|title=Roja fame Sibbu Suryan celebrates his birthday in Maldives; watch video|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/roja-fame-sibbu-suryan-celebrates-his-birthday-in-maldives-watch-video/articleshow/81722380.cms|access-date=15 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=6 April 2021|title=Here's how Roja fame Sibbu Suryan celebrated his birthday|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/heres-how-roja-fame-sibbu-suryan-celebrated-his-birthday/articleshow/81934900.cms|access-date=15 June 2022}}</ref> He is a graduate from the [[National Institute of Technology Karnataka|National Institute of Technology]], Karnataka.<ref>{{Cite news|date=14 June 2021|title=நான் லாக்டவுனில் தளபதி விஜய் சார் ஃபேன் ஆயிட்டேன்: ரோஜா சீரியல் சிபு சூர்யன் சொன்ன காரணம்|first=A|last=Parthiban|work=Samayam Tamil|url=https://tamil.samayam.com/tv/news/roja-serial-sibbu-suryan-became-vijay-fan-after-watchi-bigil/articleshow/83507267.cms|publisher=The Times of India|language=tamil}}</ref>

He made his television debut through [[Kannada]] serial ''[[Radha Ramana (Serial)|Radha Ramana]]'' which aired from 2017 to 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|date=30 September 2019|title=Kannada TV show Radha Ramana to go off-air soon|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/kannada-tv-show-radha-ramana-to-go-off-air-soon/articleshow/71368947.cms|access-date=15 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2 November 2020|title=Radha Ramana stars to entertain the Kannada audience once again|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/radha-ramana-stars-to-entertain-the-kannada-audience-once-again/articleshow/78992636.cms|access-date=15 June 2022}}</ref> He became popular through his role of Arjun Prathap in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] serial ''[[Roja (Tamil TV series)|Roja]]''.<ref name=".0"/><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 June 2022 |title=Sibbu Suryan reconsiders his decision to quit 'Roja', says, 'Deeply overwhelmed' with the fan's concerns |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/sibbu-suryan-reconsiders-his-decision-to-quit-roja-says-deeply-overwhelmed-with-the-fans-concerns/articleshow/92548284.cms |access-date=2 July 2022}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! Year
! Show
! Role
! Language
! Notes
|-
|2016
|''Milana''
|rowspan="1"|Akarsh
|rowspan="2"|[[Kannada]]
|
|-
|2017{{endash}}2019
|''Radha Ramana''
|rowspan="1"|Adithya
|
|-
|2018{{endash}}2022
|''[[Roja (Tamil TV series)|Roja]]''
|[[Advocate|Adv.]] Arjun Prathap
|rowspan="2" |[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/cast-and-crew-of-tv-serial-roja-rejoice-as-it-completes-300-episodes/articleshow/68892621.cms|title=Cast and crew of TV serial Roja rejoice as it completes 300 episodes|work=The Times of India|date=15 April 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Bharathi Kannamma 2]]''
| Bharathi
|
|-
|2024{{endash}}2025
|''Ninnu Kori''
|Vikram
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/sibbu-suryan-join-the-upcoming-telugu-show-ninnu-kori/articleshow/109937573.cms|title=Sibbu Suryan join the upcoming Telugu show 'Ninnu Kori'|work=The Times of India|date=8 May 2024}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|''[[Gettimelam]]''
|Vetri
|rowspan="1" |[[Tamil (language)|Tamil]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kollywoodglam.com/tv/getti-melam-new-serial-zee-tamil/|title=ஜீ தமிழின் புத்தம் புதிய மெகா தொடர் 'Getti Melam'|work=Kollywoodglam|language=ta|date=20 December 2024}}</ref>
|}

====Special appearances====
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! Year
! Show
! Role
! Notes
|-
|rowspan="2" |2019
|''Chandralekha''
|rowspan="3" |[[Advocate|Adv.]] Arjun Prathap
|
|-
|''[[Lakshmi Stores]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-20|title=சங்கமம் முடிஞ்சு போச்சு... ரோஜா லட்சுமி ஸ்டோர்ஸ் குடும்பம் பிரிஞ்சு போச்சு...!|trans-title=Roja and Lakshmi stores families depart as Mahasangamam is coming to end|url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/television/roja-and-lakshmi-stories-families-depart-as-sangamam-coming-to-end-351001.html|access-date=2020-01-01|work=Oneindia|language=ta|first=Ezhilselvi|last=B}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2020
|''[[Poove Unakkaga (TV series)|Poove Unakkaga]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=மகாசங்கமம்: ரோஜாவும், பூவே உனக்காக சீரியலும் சேர்ந்து வரப் போகிறது|url=https://tamil.samayam.com/tv/news/roja-poove-unakkaga-to-come-together-for-an-hour/articleshow/78601667.cms|publisher=The Times of India|date=11 October 2020|first=Shameena|last=Parveen|work=Samayam|language=ta}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"|''[[Vanakkam Tamizha]]''
| rowspan="2"| Himself
|-
| rowspan="3" |2021
|-
|''[[Anbe Vaa (2020 TV series)|Anbe Vaa]]''
| rowspan="2" |[[Advocate|Adv.]] Arjun Prathap
|
|-
|''[[Kannana Kanne]]''
|
|-
| rowspan=2|2022
|''Roja Rojadan''
| Himself
|
|-
|''[[Magarasi]]''
|[[Advocate|Adv.]] Arjun Prathap
|
|-
|rowspan="2" |2024
|''[[Veera (Tamil TV series)|Veera]]''
|rowspan="3" |Pandian
|
|}

== Awards ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Show
!Notes
|-
| rowspan="3" |2019
| rowspan="2" |[[Sun Kudumbam Viruthugal]]
|Most popular TV actor award
| rowspan="3" |[[Roja (Tamil TV series)|Roja]]
| Shared with [[Krishna (TV actor)|Krishna]]
|-
|Best couple award
|Along with [[Priyanka Nalkari]]
|-
|Galatta Nakshatra Awards
|Debut actor of the year award
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2022
| rowspan="2" |[[Sun Kudumbam Viruthugal]]
|Most Favourite Hero award (Manam Kavarntha Naayagan)
| rowspan="2" |[[Roja (Tamil TV series)|Roja]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=P |first=Vignesh |date=2022-04-13 |title=Sun Kudumbam Viruthugal 2022 Winners List (Sun TV Awards) |url=https://www.newsintv.com/awards/sun-kudumbam-viruthugal-2022-winners-list/ |access-date=2022-04-24 |website=www.newsintv.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|Most Favourite Couple award
|Along with [[Priyanka Nalkari]]
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Suryan, Sibbu}}
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian television actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Kannada television]]
[[Category:Actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:People from Shimoga]]
[[Category:Tamil television actors]]
[[Category:Tamil male television actors]]
[[Category:National Institute of Technology, Karnataka alumni]]
{{India-tv-actor-stub}}

Amaravati

2026-03-28T18:13:41Z

StaciWinslow:

{{About|the capital city of [[Andhra Pradesh]]}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date = November 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Amaravati
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[List of capitals in India|State Capital City]]
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 250
| image_style =
| perrow = 1/2/1
| image1 = Highcourt of AP.jpg {{!}} High Court of Andhra Pradesh, Nelapadu
| image3 = Group-D housing buildings under construction in Amaravati.jpg
| image2 = Amaravati Seed Access Road at Dusk.jpg {{!}} Seed Access Road
| image4 = Manthena Satyanarayana Raju Nature Cure Hospital.jpg {{!}} Manthena Satyanarayana Raju Ashram }}
| image_alt = 
| image_caption = '''Clockwise from top''': High Court of Andhra Pradesh in Nelapadu, Buildings under construction in Amaravati Government Complex, Manthena Satyanarayana Raju Ashram, Amaravati Seed Access Road
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh##Location in India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| coordinates = {{coord|16.513100|N|80.516500|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{Flag icon image|Emblem of Andhra Pradesh.svg}} [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of India|Region]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Coastal Andhra]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Guntur district|Guntur]]
| established_date =
| government_type = Urban Planning Agency
| governing_body = [[Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="apcrda">{{cite book|title=Declaration of A.P. Capital City Area–Revised orders|url=https://crda.ap.gov.in/APCRDADOCS/GOSACTSRULES/CRDA/01~14142015MAUD_MS141.PDF|publisher=Municipal Administration and Urban Development Department|access-date=21 February 2016|date=22 September 2015|archive-date=8 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708074341/https://crda.ap.gov.in/APCRDADOCS/GOSACTSRULES/CRDA/01~14142015MAUD_MS141.PDF|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 217.23
| area_metro_footnotes = <ref name=metro>{{cite news|last1=Subba Rao|first1=GVR|title=Capital region expands as CRDA redraws boundaries|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/capital-region-expands-as-crda-redraws-boundaries/article7680051.ece|access-date=31 October 2015|work=The Hindu|date=23 September 2015|location=Vijayawada|archive-date=24 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170124223805/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/capital-region-expands-as-crda-redraws-boundaries/article7680051.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>{{refn|The Amaravati metropolitan area also includes portions of [[Vijayawada]], [[Guntur]], [[Amaravathi]], [[Tenali]], [[Gudivada Municipality|Gudivada]], [[Tadepalle Municipality|Tadepalle]], [[Jaggayyapeta]], [[Mangalagiri Municipality|Mangalagiri]], [[Mopidevi]], [[Nuzvid]], [[Ponnur Municipality|Ponnur]], [[Sattenapalle]], [[Challapalle]], [[Nandigama]], [[Ghantasala, Krishna district|Ghantasala]], [[Vuyyuru]] adjoining the [[Andhra Pradesh Capital Region|APCR]].|group=upper-alpha}}
| area_metro_km2 = 8352.69
| elevation_m = 49
| population_total = 103000
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite news|title=CRDA eyes CSR funds to push job potential in capital city|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/CRDA-eyes-CSR-funds-to-push-job-potential-in-capital-city/articleshow/47891827.cms|access-date=18 August 2015|work=The Times of India|date=1 July 2015|location=Guntur|archive-date=4 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704032754/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/CRDA-eyes-CSR-funds-to-push-job-potential-in-capital-city/articleshow/47891827.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
| population_metro = 58,73,588
| population_metro_footnotes = <ref>{{cite news|title=Amaravati to be divided into eight urban plan areas|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/new-capital-region-to-be-divided-into-eight-urban-plan-areas/article7063043.ece|access-date=21 June 2016|work=The Hindu|date=3 April 2015|archive-date=31 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170331202842/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/new-capital-region-to-be-divided-into-eight-urban-plan-areas/article7063043.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Sfn|APCRDA|2017}}
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|Pincode(s)]]
| postal_code = 520 XXX, 521 XXX, 522 XXX
| area_code =
| registration_plate = AP-39, AP-40<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aptransport.org/html/registration-districtcodes.html|title=Registration District Codes|publisher=Andhra Pradesh Transport Department|date=2019-12-06|access-date=2019-12-06|archive-date=16 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116072814/https://www.aptransport.org/html/registration-districtcodes.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| blank2_name = {{nowrap|Official languages}}
| blank2_info = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| website = {{URL|https://crda.ap.gov.in/|Amaravati official website}}
| footnotes = {{Reflist|group=upper-alpha}}
| name =
| established_title1 = [[Municipal incorporation|Established]]
| established_date1 = 2014 ({{Years ago|2014}} Years ago)
| named_for = [[Amaravathi, Palnadu district|Amaravathi]], [[Amaravati Stupa]], [[Amararama]]
| established_title =
| founder = [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 10
}}

'''Amaravati''' ({{IPAc-en|lang|ʌ|m|@|'|r|ɑː|v|@|θ|ɪ}} {{respell|uh|mə|RAH|vuh|thi}}, [[Telugu language|Telugu]]: {{transliteration|te|ISO|Amarāvati}}) is the [[capital city]] of the [[Indian state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]].{{efn|Amaravati currently serves as the seat of government where [[Andhra Pradesh Secretariat]], [[Andhra Pradesh Legislature]] and [[Andhra Pradesh High Court|High Court of Andhra Pradesh]] are located.|name=Amaravati}} It is located in [[Guntur district]] on the right bank of the [[Krishna River]], {{convert|15|km||abbr=}} southwest of [[Vijayawada]]. The city derives its name from the nearby historic site of [[Amaravathi, Palnadu district|Amaravathi]], which served as the capital of the [[Satavahana dynasty|Satavahana Empire]] nearly two thousand years ago.<ref name="TimesOfIndia=22Oct15">{{cite news |last1=Akbar |first1=Syed |date=22 October 2015 |title=After 18 centuries, Amaravati set to become a 'capital' again |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/After-18-centuries-Amaravati-set-to-become-a-capital-again/articleshow/49489009.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151025011007/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/After-18-centuries-Amaravati-set-to-become-a-capital-again/articleshow/49489009.cms |archive-date=25 October 2015 |access-date=2 August 2017 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Mahalakshmi|first1=BV|title=Foundation stone of Andhra Pradesh's new capital Amaravati laid by PM Narendra Modi|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/article/economy/pm-narendra-modi-lays-foundation-stone-for-andhra-pradeshs-new-capital-amaravati/155133/|access-date=5 June 2016|work=The Financial Express|date=22 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701074811/http://www.financialexpress.com/article/economy/pm-narendra-modi-lays-foundation-stone-for-andhra-pradeshs-new-capital-amaravati/155133/|archive-date=1 July 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

The city is an urban notified area. Urban development and planning activities are undertaken by the Amaravati Development Corporation Limited<ref>{{cite web|title=ADCL :: Amaravati Development Corporation Ltd.|url=http://ccdmc.co.in/|website=ccdmc.co.in|access-date=6 August 2017|archive-date=6 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806091413/http://ccdmc.co.in/|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority]] (APCRDA).<ref>{{cite news|title=New Andhra capital Amaravati to compete for Smart City tag|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra_pradesh/New-Andhra-capital-Amaravati-to-compete-for-Smart-City-tag/2016/05/25/article3450012.ece|access-date=6 June 2016|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=25 May 2016|archive-date=28 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528120851/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra_pradesh/New-Andhra-capital-Amaravati-to-compete-for-Smart-City-tag/2016/05/25/article3450012.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref> The APCRDA has jurisdiction over the city and the [[conurbation]] covering Andhra Pradesh Capital Region.<ref>{{cite news|title=AP Capital Region Development Authority comes into being|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/ap-capital-region-development-authority-comes-into-being/article6739396.ece|access-date=6 January 2015|work=The Hindu|date=31 December 2014|location=Hyderabad|archive-date=4 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204122318/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/ap-capital-region-development-authority-comes-into-being/article6739396.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> The city is spread over an area of {{Convert|217.23|km2|abbr=on}},<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/how-andhra-pradesh-plans-to-make-its-new-capital-amaravati-a-world-class-city/articleshow/58767503.cms?from=mdr|title=How Andhra Pradesh plans to make its new capital Amaravati a world-class city|first=Shantanu Nandan|last=Sharma|date=21 May 2017|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|access-date=5 July 2020|archive-date=5 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705191822/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/how-andhra-pradesh-plans-to-make-its-new-capital-amaravati-a-world-class-city/articleshow/58767503.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref> and comprises villages (including some [[hamlet (place)|hamlets]]) from three [[mandal]]s viz., [[Mangalagiri mandal|Mangalagiri]], [[Thullur mandal|Thullur]] and [[Tadepalli mandal, Guntur district|Tadepalli]].{{Sfn|APCRDA|2016}} The seed capital is spread over an area of {{Convert|16.94|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Economic Development Board Andhra Pradesh – Amaravati – The People's Capital|url=http://apedb.gov.in/amaravati-green-field-capital.html|website=apedb.gov.in|access-date=3 May 2017|archive-date=18 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518110520/http://apedb.gov.in/amaravati-green-field-capital.html}}</ref>

The bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh in 2014 resulted in the residual state having no capital city, with [[Hyderabad]] serving as the state's temporary capital city despite being located in the new state of [[Telangana]]. The government under the leadership of [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]] founded Amaravati and declared it as Andhra Pradesh state's new capital city. The farmers of [[Guntur district|Guntur]] district gave 33,000 acres of land, to the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] through an innovative land pooling scheme in return for developed plots and lease payments for 10-year period.<ref name="LPS2">{{Cite news |date=2017-06-18 |title=Farmers offer 33,000 acre land for Andhra capital at Amravati |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/farmers-offer-33000-acre-land-for-andhra-capital-at-amravati-945878-2017-06-18 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008075522/https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/farmers-offer-33000-acre-land-for-andhra-capital-at-amravati-945878-2017-06-18 |archive-date=8 October 2023 |access-date=2019-08-15 |newspaper=[[India Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-06-18 |title=Farmers offer 33,000 acre land for Andhra capital at Amravati |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/farmers-offer-33000-acre-land-for-andhra-capital-at-amravati/article9729845.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028025517/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/farmers-offer-33000-acre-land-for-andhra-capital-at-amravati/article9729845.ece |archive-date=28 October 2020 |access-date=2019-01-12 |work=[[The Hindu Business Line]]}}</ref> The [[Prime Minister of India]], [[Narendra Modi]] laid the [[Cornerstone|foundation stone]] at [[Uddandarayunipalem]] village on 22 October 2015.<ref name="foundation2">{{citation |title=Thousands descend on Andhra village Uddandarayunipalem to watch history in making |date=22 October 2015 |newspaper=[[The Economic Times]] |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/thousands-descend-on-andhra-village-uddandarayunipalem-to-watch-history-in-making/articleshow/49491280.cms |access-date=22 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802171743/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/thousands-descend-on-andhra-village-uddandarayunipalem-to-watch-history-in-making/articleshow/49491280.cms |archive-date=2 August 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=15 October 2015 |title=Andhra CM scales down Amaravathi foundation fete |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/506499/andhra-cm-scales-down-amaravathi.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225121517/https://www.deccanherald.com/content/506499/andhra-cm-scales-down-amaravathi.html |archive-date=25 December 2019 |access-date=5 July 2020 |newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref> After fast track completion of interim buildings, government legislature and secretariat started operating from the new facilities at [[Velagapudi]] from March 2017.<ref name="maiden budget2">{{Cite web |date=6 March 2017 |title=Andhra Pradesh Holds Maiden Budget Session in New Capital Amaravati |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/andhra-pradesh-holds-maiden-budget-session-in-new-capital-amaravati-1356763.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190813195052/https://www.news18.com/news/india/andhra-pradesh-holds-maiden-budget-session-in-new-capital-amaravati-1356763.html |archive-date=13 August 2019 |access-date=13 August 2019 |website=News18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Amaravati Sustainable Capital City Development Project |url=http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/pt/650051486971245674/pdf/Environmental-and-Social-Management-Framework.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Amaravati Sustainable Capital City Development Project |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020130505/http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/pt/650051486971245674/pdf/Environmental-and-Social-Management-Framework.pdf |archive-date=20 October 2020 |access-date=11 July 2020}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
Amaravati literally translates to "the abode of immortals". The name holds deep historical, spiritual and mythological significance. The name is also used for a region near [[Dharanikota]], which served as the ancient capital of the [[Satavahana dynasty]], also known as the [[Andhras]].<ref name="TimesOfIndia=22Oct15" /> In [[Hinduism]], [[Buddhism]], and [[Jainism]], [[Amaravati (mythology)|Amaravati]] is the celestial capital of [[Swarga]] (heaven), where the [[Deva (Hinduism)|Devas]] (gods) reside.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dalal |first=Roshen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zrk0AwAAQBAJ&q=Indraloka |title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide |date=2014-04-18 |publisher=Penguin UK |isbn=978-81-8475-277-9 |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Timeline of Amaravati
!Date
!style="width: 300px;"|Event
|-
|2 June 2014
|AP Reorganization Act comes into force
|-
|1 September 2014
|Location of new capital city finalized
|-
|30 December 2014
|APCRDA Act comes into effect
|-
|January 2015
|Voluntary Land Pooling Scheme announced
|-
|March 2015
|Consent for 33,000 acres obtained from farmers
|-
|6 June 2015
|Amaravati city bhoomi puja (ground-breaking ceremony) by Chief Minister [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/news/india/naidu/articleshow/47569939.cms |title=Naidu performs Bhoomi pooja for AP capital |last1=Pavan|first1=P|date=7 June 2015|newspaper=[[Bangalore Mirror]] |access-date=2020-03-14|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004041137/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/news/india/naidu/articleshow/47569939.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|22 October 2015
|Foundation stone set by Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/modi-to-lay-foundation-stone-of-new-ap-capital-on-oct-22-264884-1999-11-30|title=PM Modi to lay foundation stone of new Andhra Pradesh capital on October 22 |orig-date=30 November 1999|date=27 September 2015|newspaper=[[India Today]]|access-date=2020-03-14}}</ref>
|-
|March 2017
|Government Legislature and secretariat start functioning from the city
|-
|27 December 2018
|Chandrababu Naidu lays foundation stone for Andhra Pradesh Permanent secretariat towers<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/chandrababu-naidu-lays-foundation-stone-of-rs-4-800-crore-secretariat-building-in-amaravati-1418384-2018-12-27|title=Chandrababu Naidu lays foundation stone of Rs 4,890 crore secretariat building in Amaravati|first=Ashish|last=Pandey|date=27 December 2018 |newspaper=[[India Today]] |access-date=2020-03-19|archive-date=19 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319054024/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/chandrababu-naidu-lays-foundation-stone-of-rs-4-800-crore-secretariat-building-in-amaravati-1418384-2018-12-27|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/andhra-cm-chandrababu-naidu-lays-foundation-of-govt-complex/articleshow/67247631.cms|title=Andhra CM Chandrababu Naidu lays foundation of govt complex|date=27 December 2018|newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2020-03-19|archive-date=21 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921093049/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/andhra-cm-chandrababu-naidu-lays-foundation-of-govt-complex/articleshow/67247631.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|3 February 2019
|CJI lays foundation stone for Andhra High Court in Amaravati.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/cji-lays-foundation-stone-for-andhra-high-court-in-amaravati/1471462 |title=CJI lays foundation stone for Andhra High Court in Amaravati |date=3 February 2019 |newspaper=[[Outlook India]] |access-date=2020-03-19|archive-date=19 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319060926/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/cji-lays-foundation-stone-for-andhra-high-court-in-amaravati/1471462 }}</ref>
|-
|31 July 2020
|Governor's assent to legislation for three capitals
|-
|22 November 2021
|Three capitals legislation withdrawn
|-
|5 March 2022
|High court gives verdict in favour of single capital city
|-
|8 June 2024
|All development works have been restarted and work is in progress.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/work-to-resume-in-amaravati-as-new-ap-capital-ahead-of-naidus-swearing-in-1503308419.html |newspaper=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |title=Work to resume in Amaravati as new AP capital ahead of Naidu's swearing-in |date=9 June 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/amaravati-works-restarted-before-naidu-takes-over/articleshow/110857307.cms |newspaper=[[the Times of India]] |title=Before Naidu takes over, Amaravati works restarted |date=10 June 2024 |first1=Srikanth |last1=Aluri }}</ref>
|}

=== Early and medieval history ===

The neighbouring [[Dharanikota]] (Dhānyakatakam) was the capital city of the [[Satavahana dynasty]]. Its history dates back to the second century [[BCE]].<ref name="sat">{{citation |last=Kosambi|first=Damodar Dharmanand|title=Introduction to the study of India history|publisher=Popular Prakashan |location=Mumbai|year=1956|edition=second 1975|pages=243, 244|chapter=Satavahana Origins|isbn=978-81-7154-038-9}}</ref> The Satavahanas are prominent in the [[history of Andhra Pradesh]]. Their primary language was [[Prakrit]] written using the [[Brahmi script]], which served as the base for of [[Telugu language|Telugu]] script. The practice of [[Buddhism]] was predominant during their period and the dynasty was partly responsible for the prevalence of the faith in the region.<ref name="sat" /> The city was also once a [[Holy place|holy site]] of [[Mahayana Buddhism]]. The city used to have a large [[Stupa|Buddhist Stupa]], now known as [[Amaravati Stupa]]. It was also the centre of Buddhist learning and [[Buddhist art|art]] with several [[Bhikkhu|Buddhist followers]] from many [[Southeast Asia|South East Asian]] countries visiting.<ref name="sat" />  

The [[Satavahanas]], [[Andhra Ikshvaku|Ikshvakus]], [[Vishnukundina]], [[Pallavas]], [[Cholas]], [[Kakatiyas]], [[Delhi Sultanate]], [[Reddi Kingdom]], [[Bahmani Sultanate]], [[Vijayanagara Empire]], Sultanate of [[Golconda]] and the [[Mughal Empire]] successively ruled this area before the founding of the [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizamate of Hyderabad]] in 1724. It was ceded to [[Kingdom of France|France]] in 1750, but was captured by the [[East India Company]] in 1759. It was returned to the Nizam in 1768, but was ceded to Britain again in 1788.<ref>{{cite web|title=History of Andhra Pradesh |url=http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick%20links/hist-cult/history.html |work=AP Online|publisher=[[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]|access-date=22 July 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716182646/http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick%20links/hist-cult/history.html|archive-date=16 July 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Ancient and medieval history of Andhra Pradesh|year=1993|url=https://archive.org/details/ancientmedievalh0000ragh|url-access=registration|author=P. Raghunadha Rao|publisher=Sterling Publishers, 1993|page=iv|access-date=9 June 2014}}</ref>{{Sfn|APCRDA|2017}} As part of the [[Madras Presidency]], it was ruled by [[Vasireddy Venkatadri Nayudu]], the hereditary [[zamindar]] of Chintapalli, who founded modern [[Amaravathi, Palnadu district|Amaravathi]] village, near the ruins of the ancient stupa.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Potturi Venkateswara Rao|title=Amaravati Prabhuvu Vasireddy Venkatadri Nayudu|publisher=Emesco Books|year=2016}}</ref>

=== Foundation of Amaravati ===

As per the [[Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014]], [[Hyderabad]] became the capital of the newly formed state of [[Telangana]], post bifurcation of [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014|url=http://reorganisation.ap.gov.in/downloads/A.P.RegulationAct2014.pdf|website=AP Reorganisation Portal|publisher=The Gazette of India Extraordinary|access-date=9 February 2015|location=New Delhi|date=1 March 2014|archive-date=4 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904172543/http://reorganisation.ap.gov.in/downloads/A.P.RegulationAct2014.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> The Central Government formed an expert committee to explore alternatives for the new capital of Andhra Pradesh, in accordance with the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014. The committee was tasked with evaluating the suitability of various locations based on data analysis, site visits, and stakeholder consultations.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-04-04 |title=Govt sets up committee to recommend site for new Andhra Pradesh capital |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/govt-sets-up-committee-to-recommend-site-for-new-andhra-pradesh-capital/articleshow/33236596.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-10-02 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> Its duties included assessing the availability of land, water, and natural resources while considering environmental sustainability and the potential for urban growth. It evaluated transportation options including rail, road and air connectivity between the new capital and other major cities. The committee consisted of several experts from various national institutes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Network |first=Knn India-Knowledge & News |title=Expert Committee to find new capital of Seemandhra |url=https://knnindia.co.in/news/newsdetails/state/expert-committee-to-find-new-capital-of-seemandhra |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=knnindia.co.in}}</ref>

Chief Minister [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]] announced that the new capital of the state would be located around Vijayawada. This decision followed a consultative process and was approved by the State Cabinet on September 1, 2014. Chief Minister Naidu stated that the state planned a decentralised development approach, with three mega cities and 14 smart cities. The announcement came amid calls from the opposition [[YSR Congress Party]] for a debate on the capital's location. Chief Minister Naidu emphasized that the decision reflects public sentiment, with nearly 50% of representations received by the Sivaramakrishnan Committee favoring the Vijayawada-Guntur region. He also highlighted the need for Central Government support for capital development and special status for the state as assured during the passage of the State Reorganisation Bill.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-09-04 |title=Andhra capital plan: 3 mega cities, 14 smart cities |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/andhra-capital-plan-3-mega-cities-14-smart-cities/article64214845.ece |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref>[[File:Narendra Modi performing the Pooja rituals at the foundation stone laying ceremony of 'Amaravathi'- the new capital of Andhra Pradesh. The Governor of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, Shri E.S.L. Narasimhan.jpg|thumb|Narendra Modi, PM of India participating in the foundation laying ceremony of Amaravati, with Chandrababu Naidu, CM and ESL Narasimhan, Governor. |alt=Narendra Modi and others at the foundation ceremony of Amaravati]]

On October 22, 2015, following a cabinet meeting where it was unanimously approved, Chief Minister Naidu announced the selection of [[Amaravathi, Palnadu district|Amaravathi]], an ancient town located on the banks of the Krishna River, as the site for the new capital city. During the foundation-laying ceremony, attended by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]], Chief Minister Naidu discussed plans for the capital's development, which aimed to focus on creating an energy-efficient city with industrial hubs. The completion date for the master plan’s first phase was set for May 15, 2016, and plans were proposed for a 200-km ring road to connect Amaravati with Vijayawada and [[Guntur]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-10-22 |title=Modi lays foundation for Amaravati: As it happened |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/LIVE-Amaravati-new-capital-of-Andhra-Pradesh-foundation-ceremony/article60516133.ece |access-date=2024-10-02 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

The establishment of Amaravati as the new capital of Andhra Pradesh involved a land pooling initiative crucial for its development. Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu's administration implemented the [[Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority]] (APCRDA) Act in 2014, which facilitated the creation of a land bank for the new capital.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-01 |title=No capital gains tax for farmers who pooled land for AP capital Amaravati |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/010217/no-capital-gain-tax-for-farmers-who-pooled-land-for-ap-capital-amaravati.html |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en}}</ref> The Act allowed for voluntary land pooling, enabling landowners to surrender their land in exchange for developed plots and financial compensation. The government aimed to acquire approximately 53,748 acres of land from 27 villages. Around 33,733 acres were pooled through this scheme.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-10-24 |title=Andhra Pradesh' new capital Amaravati: How the 10 lakh acre land pool problem was cracked |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/policy/economy-andhra-pradesh-new-capital-amaravati-how-the-10-lakh-acre-land-pool-problem-was-cracked-155502/ |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref> While many farmers participated, some, particularly from Penumaka and Undavalli, expressed concerns about compensation rates. The pooling process aggregated small land parcels, which were then improved and partially returned to the original owners.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-07-12 |title=Farmer will be the ultimate gainer from AP's land pooling policy: N Chandrababu Naidu |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/amravati-will-be-in-the-top-five-global-cities-farmer-ultimate-gainer-from-land-pooling-policy-andhra-pradesh-n-chandrababu-naidu/ |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The initiative also included annuity payments for ten years, providing financial support to those who surrendered their land.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Shantanu Nandan |date=2017-05-21 |title=How Andhra Pradesh plans to make its new capital Amaravati a world-class city |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/how-andhra-pradesh-plans-to-make-its-new-capital-amaravati-a-world-class-city/articleshow/58767503.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-10-02 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

=== Establishing governance ===
[[File:APCRDA office, getting ready for Inauguration at Amaravati.jpg|thumb|APCRDA office in AGC]]
The construction of the temporary Andhra Pradesh Secretariat at Velagapudi, 16 km from Vijayawada, was completed on the October 3, 2016 with a budget of ₹230 crores. By October 17, 2016, five of the six planned blocks began operations. The Secretariat, covering 45 acres, is designed in a G-plus-1 style.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-03-25 |title=Temporary Secretariat racing towards completion |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/Temporary-Secretariat-racing-towards-completion/article14176251.ece |access-date=2024-10-02 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The first block houses the Chief Minister's Office, while the others accommodate various ministers and the sixth block is intended for the AP Assembly and Legislative Council.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |title=AP Secretariat starts functioning from interim facility at Amaravati |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/ap-secretariat-starts-functioning-interim-2089899 |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> The Andhra Pradesh High Court has also moved to a new temporary building in Amaravati, inaugurated by Chief Justice [[Ranjan Gogoi]]. This new court complex includes 16 court halls and a 2.70 lakh square feet office space. Advocates have faced challenges due to a lack of necessary facilities in the new building, including poor broadband and library access. Despite initial difficulties, legal professionals remain optimistic about the future of the new high court and capital city.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=T. N. M. |date=2019-02-03 |title=Andhra High Court moves to new building in Amaravati inaugurated by CJI |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/andhra-pradesh/andhra-high-court-moves-new-building-amaravati-inaugurated-cji-96143 |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref>

=== Amaravati protests (2019–2024) ===
[[2019–2024 Amaravati protests]]

=== Amaravati drone summit ===
{{main|Amaravati Drone Summit 2024}}

The Amaravati Drone Summit 2024 aimed to position Andhra Pradesh as a hub for drone technology in India. Organized by the Andhra Pradesh Drone Corporation in collaboration with the Ministry of Civil Aviation and the Drone Federation of India, the summit was held on October 22–23 at the CK Convention in [[Mangalagiri]], attracting over 6,900 participants, including industry experts, researchers, and students.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Srinivas |first=Rajulapudi |date=2024-10-20 |title=Over 4,000 participants register for Amaravati Drone Summit |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/over-4000-participants-register-for-amaravati-drone-summit/article68776191.ece |access-date=2024-10-22 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The event featured discussions, exhibitions, workshops, and a record-breaking drone show at Punnami Ghat in Vijayawada with over 5,500 drones, setting five Guinness World Records.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-22 |title=Amaravati Drone Show Creates 5 Guinness Records; Drone Tech a Game Changer, Says Chandrababu |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!bharat/amaravati-drone-show-creates-5-guinness-records-drone-tech-a-game-changer-says-chandrababu-enn24102207347 |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref> Focused on fostering innovation, the summit aimed to establish a regulatory framework, attract ₹2,000 crore in investments, generate ₹6,000 crore in revenue, and train over 20,000 youth as drone pilots to create 30,000 jobs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajpurohit |first=Amit |title=Over 5,000 Drones To Take Part In Amaravati Drone Summit 2024 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/over-5-000-drones-to-participate-in-amaravati-drone-summit-2024-6843397 |access-date=2024-10-22 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

== Geography ==
The city is located in [[Guntur district]], at the heart of Andhra Pradesh, on the banks of the [[Krishna River]]. It lies approximately {{convert|15|km||abbr=}} south-west of [[Vijayawada]], {{convert|33|km||abbr=}} north of [[Guntur]], and {{convert|40|km||abbr=}} north-west of [[Tenali]].<ref>{{cite news |author1=U Sudhakar Reddy |date=31 October 2014 |title=Andhra Pradesh capital to come up on riverfront in Guntur district |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/141031/nation-current-affairs/article/andhra-pradesh-capital-come-riverfront-guntur-district |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201221085112/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/141031/nation-current-affairs/article/andhra-pradesh-capital-come-riverfront-guntur-district |archive-date=21 December 2020 |access-date=1 November 2014 |work=Deccan Chronicle |location=Hyderabad}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=21 October 2015 |title=Explained: Why Amaravati has been chosen as the new Andhra Pradesh capital |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/why-amaravati-has-been-chosen-as-the-new-andhra-pradesh-capital/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022102333/http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/why-amaravati-has-been-chosen-as-the-new-andhra-pradesh-capital/ |archive-date=22 October 2015 |access-date=22 October 2015 |work=The Indian Express}}</ref> It is situated about {{convert|28|km||abbr=}} from the historic site of [[Amaravathi, Palnadu district|Amaravati]], which served as the capital of the [[Satavahana dynasty|Satavahana Empire]] and from which the city derives its name.

The city has an area of 217.23 km2 and is spread across 25 villages in three mandals (Thullur, Mangalagiri and Tadepalli) of Guntur district. The 25 villages in the Capital City area have about 100,000 population in about 27,000 households. The [[Andhra Pradesh Capital Region|AP capital region]] is spread over Guntur, Palnadu, NTR, and Krishna districts and includes [[Guntur]], [[Vijayawada]], and [[Tenali]] cities several towns and villages. During winter months, the temperature is between 12 °C and 30 °C. During summer, the temperature is between 17 °C to 45 °C. Climate is very humid in summer with humidity rising up to 68%.{{Sfn|APCRDA|2017}}

== Demographics ==
=== Population, language and religion ===
[[Telugu language|Telugu]] is the native and official language of the region, while [[English language|English]] is also widely understood. [[Hinduism]] is the majority religion, with minority communities of [[Muslims]], [[Christians]], and [[Buddhism|Buddhists]].

==Civic administration==
=== Settlements ===
The table below lists the identified villages and hamlets under their respective mandals, which became a part of the capital city.{{Sfn|APCRDA|2016}}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Mandal
! Settlements
|-
| [[Thullur mandal]]
| [[Abbarajupalem, Thullur mandal|Abbarajupalem]], Ainavolu, [[Ananthavaram, Thullur mandal|Ananthavaram]], [[Borupalem]], [[Dondapadu]], Kondarajupalem (de-populated), [[Lingayapalem]] (including Modugulankapalem [[hamlet (place)|hamlets]]), Malkapuram, [[Mandadam]] (Tallayapalem [[hamlet (place)|hamlets]]), [[Nekkallu]], [[Nelapadu, Thullur mandal|Nelapadu]], [[Pitchikalapalem]], [[Rayapudi]], [[Sakhamuru]], [[Thulluru]], [[Uddandarayunipalem]], [[Velagapudi]], [[Venkatapalem]]
|-
| [[Mangalagiri mandal]]
| [[Krishnayapalem]], Nidamarru, Kuragallu (including Nerukonda [[hamlet (place)|hamlets]]), [[Nowlur]] (including Yerrabalem & Bethapudi [[hamlet (place)|hamlets]])
|-
| [[Tadepalle mandal, Guntur district|Tadepalle mandal]]
| [[Penumaka]], [[Tadepalle, Guntur district|Tadepalle]] (M) (part) (Nulakapet, Dolas Nagar etc.), [[Undavalli]]
|}

''Notes:''
* M – [[municipality]]
* The names in brackets are the hamlet villages of the respective settlement.

The administration successfully hosted the inaugural Happy Cities Summit in Amaravati in April 2018. The summit saw the participation of 1,500+ delegates from 15+ countries, including eminent city leaders and urban experts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/amaravati-will-be-developed-as-the-happiest-city-in-the-world-andhra-cm/article23492961.ece|title=Amaravati will be developed as the happiest city in the world|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2018-04-12|access-date=2018-04-23|archive-date=8 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210408115723/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/amaravati-will-be-developed-as-the-happiest-city-in-the-world-andhra-cm/article23492961.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Planning ==
[[File:Amaravathi 3D print.jpg|thumb|Amaravati 3D sketch map at [[APCRDA]] office|alt=|right]]

Amaravati is planned to be the people-centric pioneer [[Smart City]] of India, built around sustainability and livability principles, and to be the happiest city in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/amaravati-will-be-developed-as-the-happiest-city-in-the-world-andhra-cm/article23492961.ece|title=Amaravati will be developed as the happiest city in the world: Andhra CM|first=Ch R. S.|last=Sarma|website=@businessline|date=10 April 2018|access-date=10 March 2019|archive-date=8 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210408115723/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/amaravati-will-be-developed-as-the-happiest-city-in-the-world-andhra-cm/article23492961.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Among the innovative features on the drawing board are navigation canals<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/Civil-works-of-administrative-city-to-start-by-november-1-CM/articleshow/55083133.cms|title=Civil works of administrative city to start by November 1: CM|website=The Times of India|date=27 October 2016|access-date=10 March 2019|archive-date=17 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517042254/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/Civil-works-of-administrative-city-to-start-by-november-1-CM/articleshow/55083133.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> around the city, connecting to an island in the Krishna river. The Government envisaged an investment need of {{USD|2–4 billion}} for the development of the city.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/amaravati-development-needs-2-4-billion-investment-chandrababu-naidu/articleshow/65562480.cms|title=Amaravati development needs $2–4 billion investment: Chandrababu Naidu|date=27 August 2018|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=8 May 2019|archive-date=25 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925210111/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/amaravati-development-needs-2-4-billion-investment-chandrababu-naidu/articleshow/65562480.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

Criticism that the city would require enormous amounts of energy and resources and would destroy precious natural environments and local livelihoods were raised and alternate plans were proposed.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thewire.in/environment/amaravati-an-example-of-flawed-urban-policy |title=Amaravati, an Example of Flawed Urban Policy |access-date=2024-03-21 |publisher=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]] |archive-date=3 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203164553/https://thewire.in/environment/amaravati-an-example-of-flawed-urban-policy |url-status=live }}</ref>

The city is planned to have 51% [[Urban green space|green space]] and 10% of water bodies. It is being modeled on Singapore, with the master plan being prepared by two Singapore government-appointed consultants.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/how-andhra-pradesh-plans-to-make-its-new-capital-amaravati-a-world-class-city/articleshow/58767503.cms|title=How Andhra Pradesh plans to make its new capital Amaravati a world-class city|first=Shantanu Nandan|last=Sharma|date=21 May 2017|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=10 December 2017|archive-date=2 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702064427/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/how-andhra-pradesh-plans-to-make-its-new-capital-amaravati-a-world-class-city/articleshow/58767503.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

The city construction had a budget of ₹ 553.43 billions out of which state government contribution is only ₹ 126 billion.<ref name="amr">{{cite web|url=https://www.eenadu.net/eenadu-exclusive/newsarticle/general/1500/120008374|title=Amaravati city a self financed project|language=te|access-date=18 January 2020|archive-date=18 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200118035635/https://www.eenadu.net/eenadu-exclusive/newsarticle/general/1500/120008374|url-status=live}}</ref> Government raised money through bonds.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sukumar |first=C. R. |date=22 August 2018 |title=Andhra's bonds for Amaravati oversubscribed by 1.5 times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/andhras-bonds-for-amaravati-oversubscribed-by-1-5-times/articleshow/65501684.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325152427/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/andhras-bonds-for-amaravati-oversubscribed-by-1-5-times/articleshow/65501684.cms |archive-date=25 March 2019 |access-date=10 March 2019 |newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref> The contribution from the government is to be repaid by the CRDA after 2037. Ultimately state or union governments are not incurring any expenditure to construct the city but wholly financed by the income accrued from the sale of land for various development schemes (₹ 171.51 billion), loans and the local taxes (₹ 146.41 billion by 2037) to the CRDA. The state and union governments are expected to earn ₹ 120 billion per annum out of which state goods and services tax (State GST) alone is ₹ 60 billion per annum.<ref name="amr" /> The entire city construction is planned by self-financing from loans and land selling with the state government's moral support. CRDA is expecting a net surplus income of ₹ 333 billion by 2037 after meeting the total expenditure on the city. Amaravati government complex which is intended to provide world-class facilities needed for the state government.{{Sfn|APCRDA|2019}} The bus rapid transit system (BRTS) in Amaravati to connect with the adjacent Vijayawada and Guntur cities by world-class road network is also part of the CRDA project.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2018/mar/02/vijayawada-brts-planned-for-amaravati-to-tackle-vehicle-population-growth-1780930.html|title=BRTS planned for Amaravati to tackle vehicle, population growth|date=2 March 2018|access-date=18 January 2020|archive-date=11 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411082520/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2018/mar/02/vijayawada-brts-planned-for-amaravati-to-tackle-vehicle-population-growth-1780930.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Both Amaravati government complex and BRTS are planned with an expenditure of ₹ 140 billion.<ref name="amr" />

Nine themed cities consisting of finance, justice, health, sports, media, and Electronics were planned. Several business groups and institutions like [[Reliance Group]], [[National Research Development Corporation|NRDC-India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/how-andhra-pradesh-plans-to-make-its-new-capital-amaravati-a-world-class-city/articleshow/58767503.cms |title=Amaravati: How Andhra Pradesh plans to make its new capital Amaravati a world-class city |work=The Economic Times |date=2017-05-21 |access-date=2017-12-10 |archive-date=2 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702064427/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/how-andhra-pradesh-plans-to-make-its-new-capital-amaravati-a-world-class-city/articleshow/58767503.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amaravati/reliance-group-to-set-up-3-sports-arenas-in-amaravati/articleshow/61973551.cms |title=Reliance Group: Reliance Group to set up 3 sports arenas in Amaravati | Amaravati News |work=The Times of India |date=8 December 2017 |access-date=2017-12-10 |archive-date=29 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180829170639/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amaravati/reliance-group-to-set-up-3-sports-arenas-in-amaravati/articleshow/61973551.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/nrdc-keen-on-opening-shop-in-amaravati/article21384497.ece |title=NRDC keen on opening shop in Amaravati – ANDHRA PRADESH |work=The Hindu |date=2017-06-20 |access-date=2017-12-10 |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407073825/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/nrdc-keen-on-opening-shop-in-amaravati/article21384497.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Pi Data Centre,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.communicationstoday.co.in/14108-southeast-asia-s-one-of-the-largest-data-centre-is-now-in-andhra-pradesh|title=Southeast Asia's One of The Largest Data Centre Is Now in Andhra Pradesh|last=Gagan|website=communicationstoday.co.in|access-date=2017-08-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816151547/http://www.communicationstoday.co.in/14108-southeast-asia-s-one-of-the-largest-data-centre-is-now-in-andhra-pradesh|archive-date=16 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[HCL Technologies]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2017/mar/31/hcl-to-set-up-it-centres-in-amaravati-vijayawada-1588096.html|title=HCL to set up IT centres in Amaravati, Vijayawada|work=The New Indian Express|access-date=2017-04-03|archive-date=5 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240205171020/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2017/Mar/31/hcl-to-set-up-it-centres-in-amaravati-vijayawada-1588096.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://avenue.in/2017/03/31/hcl-amaravati-vijayawada/|title=HCL to set up IT centres in Amaravati, Vijayawada.|date=2017-03-31|website=-Avenue Realty|access-date=2017-04-03|archive-date=8 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708081030/http://avenue.in/2017/03/31/hcl-amaravati-vijayawada/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and BRS Medicity proposed to invest in the city.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/cm-lays-foundation-stone-for-1-8-bn-brs-medicity/articleshow/60010111.cms|title=CM lays foundation stone for $1.8-bn BRS Medicity|work=The Times of India|access-date=2017-08-16|archive-date=14 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914120047/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/cm-lays-foundation-stone-for-1-8-bn-brs-medicity/articleshow/60010111.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://crda.ap.gov.in/APCRDACOMMUNI/Media/Articlesdocs/CRDAMU217.pdf|title=BRS Medicity Amaravati|access-date=16 August 2017|archive-date=16 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816193200/https://crda.ap.gov.in/APCRDACOMMUNI/Media/Articlesdocs/CRDAMU217.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The government explored other means of mass transport like ‘[[monorail]]’, [[Bus Rapid Transit System]] (BRTS) and tramways.<ref>{{cite news|title=Work at new Secretariat from June 27|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2016-06-07/Work-at-new-Secretariat-from-June-27/233347|access-date=3 May 2017|work=The Hans India|archive-date=16 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816232815/http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2016-06-07/Work-at-new-Secretariat-from-June-27/233347|url-status=live}}</ref> Two new depots, North and South depots of the APSRTC are proposed to be constructed.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/APSRTC-cuts-losses-by-Rs.-116-crore/article13988306.ece|title=APSRTC cuts losses by Rs. 116 crore|first=Suresh|last=Krishnamoorthy|newspaper=The Hindu|date=8 January 2016|via=www.thehindu.com|access-date=5 July 2020|archive-date=5 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705194609/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/APSRTC-cuts-losses-by-Rs.-116-crore/article13988306.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> A proposed Amaravati high-speed circular railway line would connect the city with the nearby cities of [[Vijayawada]], [[Guntur]] and [[Tenali]],<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/DPR-being-prepared-for-high-speed-train-to-Amaravati/article17069877.ece |title=DPR being prepared for high-speed train to Amaravati |website=[[The Hindu]] |date=20 January 2017 |access-date=15 May 2017 |last1=Raghavendra |first1=V. |archive-date=20 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120205649/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/DPR-being-prepared-for-high-speed-train-to-Amaravati/article17069877.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> extending up to a length of {{Convert|105|km|abbr=on}} with an estimated cost of {{INRConvert|10000|c}}. A metro rail project is proposed between the cities of Tenali, Guntur, and Vijayawada with 100 km circular corridor.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/Circular-rail-line-for-Amaravati-approved/article16806688.ece|title=Circular rail line for Amaravati approved|author=|work=The Hindu|access-date=11 January 2017|archive-date=13 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713182204/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/Circular-rail-line-for-Amaravati-approved/article16806688.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Construction==
{{Maplink|frame=yes|zoom=12|frame-width=220|frame-height=180|text= Landmarks in Amaravati (Interactive map)
|type=point|coord={{coord|16.5123|80.5154}}|marker=building |title=Andhra Pradesh legislature, Interim Government Complex|description=AP legislature, Interim government complex
|type2=point|coord2={{coord|16.5136|80.5145}}|marker2=building|title2=Andhra Pradesh Secretariat, Interim Government Complex
|type3=point|coord3={{coord|16.5195|80.4856}}|marker3=building |title3=Andhra Pradesh High Court
}}

The state government originally engaged the Singapore-based Ascendas-Singbridge and [[Sembcorp]] Development consortium for the city's construction. The city's infrastructure was to be developed in 7–8 years in phases, at an estimated cost of ₹33,000 crore. ₹7,500 crore from the [[Housing and Urban Development Corporation]] (HUDCO), $500 million from the [[World Bank]] and ₹2,500 crore from the Indian Government, of which ₹1,500 crore has been granted.<ref>{{cite web |author=G Naga Sridhar |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/amaravati-masterplan-ap-to-ink-mou-with-singapore-govt-today/article9697352.ece |title=Amaravati masterplan: AP to ink MoU with Singapore govt today |work=Business Line |date=2017-05-13 |access-date=2017-12-10 |archive-date=28 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528204436/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/amaravati-masterplan-ap-to-ink-mou-with-singapore-govt-today/article9697352.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> With the change of priorities for the government that came into power in 2019, the Amaravati project has substantially slowed, with no completion deadline in sight.<ref name="amaravati budget 2019">{{Cite web |date=21 August 2019 |title=Question mark over Andhra's capital: How the ambitious plan to build Amaravati has hit a wall |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/question-mark-over-andhra-s-capital-how-the-ambitious-plan-to-build-amaravati-has-hit-a-dead-end/473281 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225114624/https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/question-mark-over-andhra-s-capital-how-the-ambitious-plan-to-build-amaravati-has-hit-a-dead-end/473281 |archive-date=25 December 2019 |access-date=29 November 2019 |website=www.timesnownews.com}}</ref>

<gallery>
File:Group-D housing buildings under construction in Amaravati.jpg|Group-D officers buildings
File:MLA Quarters under construction in Amaravati.jpg|MLA Housing Complex at Rayapudi
File:Gazetted and NGO quarters under construction in Amaravati (5).jpg|NGO housing
File:MLC Quarters under construction in Amaravati.jpg|MLC Housing Complex at Rayapudi
File:BRTS Lane of Seed Access road, Amaravati during a Sunset.jpg|Amaravati Seed Access Road
</gallery>

== Economy ==
The agrarian economy is transformed into an urban economy with the formation of capital city.<ref name="dreams-shattered">{{Cite web |date=2020-01-27 |title=Amaravati and the many dreams that lie shattered with it {{!}} |url=https://citizenmatters.in/controversy-over-andhra-capital-amaravati-and-impact-on-farmers-15609 |access-date=2020-03-19 |website=Citizen Matters |archive-date=19 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319060927/https://citizenmatters.in/controversy-over-andhra-capital-amaravati-and-impact-on-farmers-15609 |url-status=live }}</ref> Future developments include the [[Amaravati Quantum Valley|Quantum Valley Tech Park]], set for 2026, which will host IBM, TCS, and IIT Madras to develop [[India's quantum computer|India’s largest quantum computer]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=IBM, Tata Consultancy Services and Government of Andhra Pradesh Unveil Plans to Deploy India's Largest Quantum Computer in the Country's First Quantum Valley Tech Park |url=https://newsroom.ibm.com/2025-05-02-ibm,-tata-consultancy-services-and-government-of-andhra-pradesh-unveil-plans-to-deploy-indias-largest-quantum-computer-in-the-countrys-first-quantum-valley-tech-park |access-date=2025-05-04 |website=IBM Newsroom |language=en-us}}</ref> The city is being developed with specialised urban nodes such as Justice City, Knowledge City, Health City, and Finance City, each designed to support key sectors like law, tourism, education, healthcare, and finance. These sub-cities aim to diversify the regional economy, foster innovation, and position Amaravati as a leading smart city and IT powerhouse.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2025-04-13 |title=Andhra kicks off Rs 65,000 cr Amaravati capital city project, PM invited for ground-breaking event |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2025/Apr/13/andhra-kicks-off-rs-65000-cr-amaravati-capital-city-project-pm-invited-for-ground-breaking-event |access-date=2025-05-04 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Education ==
[[File:SRM University board and Entry of SRM University Amaravati.jpg|thumb|SRM University- Amaravati]]
[[National Institute of Design, Vijayawada|National Institute of Design]], [[SRM University, Andhra Pradesh]], [[VIT-AP University|Vellore Institute of Technology, Andhra Pradesh]], [[Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham|Amrita University]], Purdue University, and the Indo-UK Institute of Health (IUIH) in collaboration with the [[King's College London]], AIIMS Mangalagiri are among others to set up campus in Amaravati.{{Sfn|APCRDA|2019}} In 2018, the city's first management institute, [[XLRI – Xavier School of Management]], was under construction near Ainavolu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2019/jan/18/stone-laid-for-amaravatis-1st-management-institute-1926543.html|title=Stone laid for Amaravati's first management institute|website=The New Indian Express|date=2019-01-20|access-date=20 January 2019|archive-date=21 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121010912/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2019/jan/18/stone-laid-for-amaravatis-1st-management-institute-1926543.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:AB2 VIT-AP.jpg|thumb|VIT University- Amaravati]]

== Tourism ==
Nearby religious sites include the [[Amaralingeswara Temple|Amaralingeswara Swamy Temple]], and the [[Amaravati stupa]] in the [[Amaravathi (village), Andhra Pradesh|Amaravati heritage complex]], [[Dhyana Buddha statue]] and [[Undavalli Caves]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://guntur.nic.in/amaravati_temple.html|title=Welcome to Guntur Official District Website|access-date=8 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924014056/http://guntur.nic.in/amaravati_temple.html|archive-date=24 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="asi.nic.in">{{cite web|url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_museums_amravati.asp|title=Archaeological Museum, Amaravati – Archaeological Survey of India|access-date=8 July 2018|archive-date=29 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929190235/http://asi.nic.in/asi_museums_amravati.asp|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ancientindia.co.uk/buddha/explore/intro.html|title=Buddha - Amaravati|website=www.ancientindia.co.uk|access-date=8 July 2018|archive-date=4 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004154833/http://www.ancientindia.co.uk/buddha/explore/intro.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Transport ==
=== Roads ===
The [[Amaravati Seed Capital Road]] is an arterial road under construction to access the core capital area from [[National Highway 16 (India)|NH16]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2016-06-22/AP-CM-to-take-part-in-Iftar-party-/236789|title=AP CM to take part in Iftar party|date=22 June 2016|work=The Hans India|access-date=29 June 2016|archive-date=20 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620153101/http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2016-06-22/AP-CM-to-take-part-in-Iftar-party-/236789|url-status=live}}</ref> The Vijayawada-Amaravati road connects the city with Vijayawada.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150806/nation-current-affairs/article/four-lane-road-andhra-pradesh-new-capital-soon|title=Four-lane road to Andhra Pradesh new capital soon|date=6 August 2015|work=The Hindu|access-date=4 June 2016|location=Guntur|archive-date=27 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427174614/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/150806/nation-current-affairs/article/four-lane-road-andhra-pradesh-new-capital-soon|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] is planning to construct a {{cvt|320|m}} long cable bridge as part of the third phase of the Seed Access Road project in Amaravati. This phase includes a {{cvt|3.5|km}} stretch from Prakasam Barrage to Manipal Hospital, which will connect the Seed Access Road to National Highway 16 at [[Kanaka Durga Varadhi|Kanakadurga Varadhi]]. The project was delayed due to land acquisition / pooling issues in Undavalli village between 2014 and 2019, but negotiations have recently resumed under the Capital Region Development Authority (CRDA) to begin work, with an estimated budget of ₹593.03 crore.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-05-22 |title=Andhra Pradesh government plans 320-metre-long cable bridge in Amaravati |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/andhra-pradesh-government-plans-320-metre-long-cable-bridge-in-amaravati/articleshow/121322140.cms |access-date=2025-05-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

[[National Highway 544D (India)|NH544D]] connects Anantapur-Guntur instead of the previously proposed [[Amaravati–Anantapur Expressway]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amaravati/anantapur-guntur-nh-gets-govts-nod/articleshow/96213341.cms |title=Anantapur-Guntur national highway gets govt's nod |date=2022-12-14 |access-date=2023-05-21 |website=TOI}}</ref> [[Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation]] (APSRTC) operates buses connecting the city with Vijayawada, Guntur, and Tenali.<ref>{{cite news|title=Facelift to Guntur bus stand|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2016-06-13/Facelift-to-Guntur-bus-stand-/234921|access-date=12 May 2017|page=2|format=PDF|archive-date=16 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816232933/http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2016-06-13/Facelift-to-Guntur-bus-stand-/234921|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Auto rickshaw]]s also operate for shorter distances in the capital city area. The [[Bengaluru–Vijayawada Expressway]], also known as Bengaluru–Kadapa-Vijayawada (BKV) Expressway and classified as '''NH-544G''',<ref name="TMRG"/><ref name="TOI"/> is an under-construction {{cvt|518|km}}-long, six-lane [[Controlled-access highway|access-controlled expressway]] between the cities of [[Bengaluru]], the capital of [[Karnataka]], and [[Vijayawada]], the [[List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population|second-largest city]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. This Expressway mostly passes in Andhra Pradesh State and connects the farthest industrial town [[Hindupur]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]] to its capital Amaravati.

=== Railways ===
The nearest railway stations are [[Krishna Canal Junction railway station|Krishna Canal]] at [[Tadepalle, Guntur district|Tadepalli]] and [[Guntur Junction railway station|Guntur]], {{stnlnk|Vijayawada}}. However, there are plans to construct an Errupalem–Amaravathi–Nambur railway line which connects Amaravati with [[Guntur–Krishna Canal section]] there by connecting with other parts of the state and country.

=== Air ===
[[Vijayawada Airport|Vijayawada International Airport]] serves the whole [[Andhra Pradesh Capital Region]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Airports Authority of India {{!}} Vijayawada |url=https://www.aai.aero/en/airports/vijayawada |access-date=3 April 2022 |archive-date=7 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307202410/https://www.aai.aero/en/airports/vijayawada |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Sports ==
=== F1H2O Grand Prix of India===
From 16 to 18 November in 2018, Amaravati hosted the second [[F1H2O|F1H2O World championship]] Grand Prix ever held in India. The event brought wide media attention especially after one of the teams took the color and the name of the state, making it the first Indian branded team in the history of F1H2O.<ref>{{cite news| url = https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/travel/the-f1h2o-world-championship-is-set-to-make-a-splash-in-amaravati-from-november-16/article25452710.ece| title = The F1H2O World Championship is set to make a splash in Amaravati from November 16 - The Hindu| website = [[The Hindu]]| date = 9 November 2018| last1 = Varma| first1 = P. Sujatha| access-date = 25 November 2020| archive-date = 20 December 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201220234454/https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/travel/the-f1h2o-world-championship-is-set-to-make-a-splash-in-amaravati-from-november-16/article25452710.ece| url-status = live}}</ref>

== In popular culture ==
The film ''[[Raajadhani Files]]'' was inspired by the events around Amaravati.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/rajadhani-files-trailer-600-real-life-farmers-come-together-to-tell-their-tale-101707143134621.html|title=Rajadhani Files trailer: 600 real-life farmers come together to tell their tale|date=5 February 2024|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=14 February 2024|archive-date=12 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212085302/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/rajadhani-files-trailer-600-real-life-farmers-come-together-to-tell-their-tale-101707143134621.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[2019–2024 Amaravati protests]]
* [[Andhra Pradesh Capital Region]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist|}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

===Bibliography===
* {{cite book|title=APCRDA facts and figures Edition 2, Status 04/2016 |last=APCRDA|year=2016|url=http://www.crda.ap.gov.in/APCRDADOCS/DataModuleFIles/ACTS%20AND%20FIGURES%20OF%20CAPITAL%20REGION/01~1117CRDA%20Factfile%20(%20Web%20view).pdf|publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh|access-date=1 September 2016|archive-date=13 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913124145/http://www.crda.ap.gov.in/APCRDADOCS/DataModuleFIles/FACTS%20AND%20FIGURES%20OF%20CAPITAL%20REGION/01~1117CRDA%20Factfile%20(%20Web%20view).pdf|url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite book|last=APCRDA|url=https://crda.ap.gov.in/APCRDADOCS/DataModuleFIles/FACTS%20AND%20FIGURES%20OF%20CAPITAL%20REGION/01~1117CRDA%20Factfile%20(%20Web%20view).pdf|title=APCRDA facts and figures, Edition 2, Status 05/2017|publisher=APCRDA|year=2017|location=Vijayawada}}
* {{Cite book|last=APCRDA|year=2019|url=https://crda.ap.gov.in/APCRDADOCS/DataModuleFIles/Reports/01~Amaravati%20Project%20Report%20Edition%20No4%20Status%20Feb%202019.pdf|title=Amaravati Project progress report, Edition 4, Feb 2019|access-date=18 January 2020|archive-date=20 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120144816/https://crda.ap.gov.in/APCRDADOCS/DataModuleFIles/Reports/01~Amaravati%20Project%20Report%20Edition%20No4%20Status%20Feb%202019.pdf|url-status=live}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikivoyage|Amaravati}}
* {{Cite book|url=http://crda.ap.gov.in/APCRDA/Downloads/MasterPlans/01-Draft%20Capital%20Region%20Plan%20(Perspective%20Plan).pdf |title=The new capital region of Andhra Pradesh: The capital region plan and report|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923140547/http://www.crda.ap.gov.in/APCRDA/Downloads/MasterPlans/01-Draft%20Capital%20Region%20Plan%20(Perspective%20Plan).pdf|year=2015 |archive-date=23 September 2015|url-status=dead }}
* {{YouTube|id=-a_-0OjNxaU|title=Capital Tragedy: Amaravati; రాజధాని విషాదం: అమరావతి}} (Parakala Prabhakar's documentary on Amaravati capital issue released on 14 December 2020)

{{Navboxes|title=Articles related to Andhra Pradesh Capital Region|list={{Amaravati topics|Articles related to Andhra Pradesh Capital Region topics}}
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[[Category:Amaravati| ]]
[[Category:Indian capital cities]]
[[Category:Planned communities in India]]
[[Category:2015 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Cities in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Cities in Andhra Pradesh Capital Region]]
[[Category:Guntur district]]

1996 Cricket World Cup

2026-03-28T05:53:07Z

StaciWinslow: added references

{{Short description|6th Cricket World Cup}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament
| name = 1996 Cricket World Cup
| image = Wills World Cup 1996.svg
| administrator = [[International Cricket Council]]
| cricket format = [[One Day International]]
| tournament format = [[Round-robin tournament|Round robin]] and [[Single-elimination tournament|Knockout]]
| host = {{ubl|Pakistan|India|Sri Lanka}}
| champions = {{cr|SRI}}
| count = 1
| runner up = {{cr|AUS}}
| participants = 12
| matches = 37
| attendance =
| player of the series = {{cricon|SRI}} [[Sanath Jayasuriya]]
| most runs = {{cricon|IND}} [[Sachin Tendulkar]] (523)
| most wickets = {{cricon|IND}} [[Anil Kumble]] (15)
| previous_year = 1992
| previous_tournament = 1992 Cricket World Cup
| next_year = 1999
| next_tournament = 1999 Cricket World Cup
| fromdate = 14 February
| todate = 17 March 1996
}}
The '''1996 Cricket World Cup''', also called the '''Wills World Cup 1996''' for sponsorship reasons, was the sixth [[Cricket World Cup]] organised by the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC). It was co-hosted by [[Pakistan]], [[India]] and [[Sri Lanka]]. The tournament was won by [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]], who defeated [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]] by seven wickets in the final on 17 March 1996 at the [[Gaddafi Stadium]] in [[Lahore]], Pakistan.

==Hosts==
{{Location map+|India|width=350|float=right|caption=Venues in India |places=
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=22|lat_min=33|lon_deg=88|lon_min=20|position=left |label=[[Kolkata|Calcutta]]}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=28|lat_min=38|lon_deg=77|lon_min=14|position=left |label=[[Delhi]]}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=23|lat_min=05|lon_deg=72|lon_min=35|position=top |label=[[Ahmedabad]]}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=13|lat_min=03|lon_deg=80|lon_min=16|position=right |label=[[Chennai|Madras]]}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=30|lat_min=41|lon_deg=76|lon_min=44|position=left |label=[[Mohali]]}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=21|lat_min=09|lon_deg=79|lon_min=04|position=right |label=[[Nagpore]]}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=12|lat_min=58|lon_deg=77|lon_min=35|position=left |label=[[Bangalore]]}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=18|lat_min=53|lon_deg=72|lon_min=49|position=left |label=[[Bombay]]}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=17|lat_min=00|lon_deg=78|lon_min=50|position=left |label=[[Hyderabad]]}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=20|lat_min=27|lon_deg=85|lon_min=52|position=right |label=[[Cuttack]]}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=26|lat_min=08|lon_deg=78|lon_min=06|position=bottom|label=[[Gwalior]]}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=17|lat_min=42|lon_deg=83|lon_min=15|position=right |label=[[Vizag]]}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=25|lat_min=36|lon_deg=85|lon_min=08|position=bottom|label=[[Patna]]}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=18|lat_min=28|lon_deg=73|lon_min=47|position=right |label=[[Poona]]}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=26|lat_min=54|lon_deg=75|lon_min=48|position=left |label=[[Jaipur]]}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=26|lat_min=27|lon_deg=80|lon_min=20|position=right |label=[[Cawnpore]]}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=22|lat_min=18|lon_deg=73|lon_min=12|position=right |label=[[Baroda]]}}
}}
{{Location map+|Pakistan|width=350|float=right|caption=Venues in Pakistan|places=
{{Location map~|Pakistan|lat_deg=34|lat_min=01|lon_deg=71|lon_min=35|position=left |label=[[Peshawar]]}}
{{Location map~|Pakistan|lat_deg=31|lat_min=33|lon_deg=74|lon_min=20|position=bottom|label=[[Lahore]]}}
{{Location map~|Pakistan|lat_deg=31|lat_min=22|lon_deg=73|lon_min=5|position=left |label=[[Faisalabad]]}}
{{Location map~|Pakistan|lat_deg=32|lat_min=09|lon_deg=74|lon_min=11|position=right |label=[[Gujranwala]]}}
{{Location map~|Pakistan|lat_deg=24|lat_min=51|lon_deg=67|lon_min=00|position=left |label=[[Karachi]]}}
{{Location map~|Pakistan|lat_deg=33|lat_min=36|lon_deg=73|lon_min=02|position=right |label=[[Rawalpindi]]}}
}}
{{Location map+|Sri Lanka|width=150|float=right|caption=Venues in Sri Lanka|places=
{{Location map~|Sri Lanka|lat_deg=06|lat_min=56|lon_deg=79|lon_min=52|position=bottom|label=[[Colombo]]}}
{{Location map~|Sri Lanka|lat_deg=07|lat_min=17|lon_deg=80|lon_min=38|position=left |label=[[Kandy]]}}
}}
The competition was played in India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. India hosted 17 matches at 17 venues, Pakistan hosted 16 matches at six venues and four matches were played at three Sri Lankan venues

[[Australia national cricket team|Australia]] and the [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]] refused to send their teams to Sri Lanka following the [[Colombo Central Bank bombing|bombing of Central Bank in Colombo]] by the [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam|Tamil Tigers]] in January 1996. After extensive negotiations, the ICC ruled that [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]] would be awarded both games on forfeit.

===India===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Venues
! Cities !! Capacity !! Matches
|-
|[[Eden Gardens]]
|[[Kolkata|Calcutta]], [[West Bengal]]
|align="center"|120,000
|align="center"|1
|-
|[[Green Park Stadium|Green Park]]
|[[Kanpur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|align="center"|45,000
|align="center"|1
|-
|[[Punjab Cricket Association Stadium]]
|[[Mohali]], [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]]
|align="center"|40,000
|align="center"|1
|-
|[[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]]
|[[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]]
|align="center"|55,000
|align="center"|1
|-
|[[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]]
|[[Chennai|Madras]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
|align="center"|50,000
|align="center"|1
|-
|[[Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium, Hyderabad|Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium]]
|[[Hyderabad (India)|Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]]
|align="center"|30,000
|align="center"|1
|-
|[[Barabati Stadium]]
|[[Cuttack]], [[Odisha]]
|align="center"|25,000
|align="center"|1
|-
|[[Roop Singh Stadium]]
|[[Gwalior]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
|align="center"|55,000
|align="center"|1
|-
|[[Indira Priyadarshini Stadium]]
|[[Visakhapatnam]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]
|align="center"|25,000
|align="center"|1
|-
|[[Moin-ul-Haq Stadium]]
|[[Patna]], [[Bihar]]
|align="center"|25,000
|align="center"|1
|-
|[[Nehru Stadium, Pune|Nehru Stadium]]
|[[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]]
|align="center"|25,000
|align="center"|1
|-
|[[Wankhede Stadium]]
|[[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]]
|align="center"|45,000
|align="center"|1
|-
|[[Sardar Patel Stadium, Motera|Sardar Patel Stadium]]
|[[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]]
|align="center"|48,000
|align="center"|1
|-
|[[IPCL Sports Complex Ground]]
|[[Vadodara]], [[Gujarat]]
|align="center"|20,000
|align="center"|1
|-
|[[Sawai Mansingh Stadium]]
|[[Jaipur]], [[Rajasthan]]
|align="center"|30,000
|align="center"|1
|-
|[[Vidarbha C.A. Ground]]
|[[Nagpur]], [[Maharashtra]]
|align="center"|40,000
|align="center"|1
|-
|[[Feroz Shah Kotla Ground]]
|[[Delhi]], [[New Delhi]]
|align="center"|48,000
|align="center"|1
|}

===Pakistan===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Venues
! Cities !! Capacity !! Matches
|-
|[[National Stadium, Karachi|National Stadium]]
|[[Karachi]], [[Sindh]]
|align="center"|34,000
|align="center"|3
|-
|[[Gaddafi Stadium]]
|[[Lahore]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]
|align="center"|62,000
|align="center"|4
|-
|[[Rawalpindi Cricket Stadium]]
|[[Rawalpindi]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]
|align="center"|25,000
|align="center"|3
|-
|[[Arbab Niaz Stadium]]
|[[Peshawar]], [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
|align="center"|20,000
|align="center"|2
|-
|[[Iqbal Stadium]]
|[[Faisalabad]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]
|align="center"|18,000
|align="center"|3
|-
|[[Jinnah Stadium, Gujranwala|Jinnah Stadium]]
|[[Gujranwala]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]
|align="center"|20,000
|align="center"|1
|}

===Sri Lanka===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Venues
! Cities !! Capacity !! Matches
|-
|[[R. Premadasa Stadium]]
|[[Colombo]]
|align="center"|14,000
|align="center"|0*
|-
|[[Singhalese Sports Club Cricket Ground]]
|[[Colombo]]
|align="center"|10,000
|align="center"|1
|-
|[[Asgiriya Stadium]]
|[[Kandy]]
|align="center"|10,300
|align="center"|1
|}
* Two matches were scheduled to be played down at the Premadasa, but neither took place as Australia and the West Indies declined to play in Sri Lanka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Lankan lions roar – 1996 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/the-lankan-lions-roar-1996-130537 |access-date=2022-03-10 |work=ESPNcricinfo }}</ref>

==Squads==
{{Main|1996 Cricket World Cup squads}}

==Teams==
All the Test-playing nations participated in the competition, including Zimbabwe, who became the ninth Test-status member of the ICC following the last World Cup. The three Associate teams (previously one) to qualify through the [[1994 ICC Trophy]] – the [[United Arab Emirates national cricket team|United Arab Emirates]], [[Kenya national cricket team|Kenya]] and the [[Netherlands national cricket team|Netherlands]] – also made their World Cup debuts in 1996. The Netherlands lost all of their five matches, including a defeat to the UAE, while Kenya recorded a surprise victory over the West Indies in Pune.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan=3|Full Members
|-
|style="width:150px"|{{cr|AUS}}
|{{cr|ENG}}
|{{cr|IND}}
|-
|{{cr|NZL}}
|{{cr|PAK}}
|{{cr|RSA}}
|-
|{{cr|SRI}}
|{{cr|WIN}}
|{{cr|ZIM}}
|-
!colspan=3|Associate Members
|-
|{{cr|KEN}}
|{{cr|NED}}
|{{cr|UAE}}
|}

==Summary==
The Sri Lankans, coached by [[Dav Whatmore]] and captained by [[Arjuna Ranatunga]], used Man of the Series [[Sanath Jayasuriya]]<ref name="Finals scorecard ESPNcricinfo">{{cite web |title=Wills World Cup, 1995/96, Final |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |url=http://www.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/WC96/WC96-MATCHES/AUS_SL_WC96_ODI-FINAL_17MAR1996.html |access-date=29 April 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070206040506/http://www3.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/WC96/WC96-MATCHES/AUS_SL_WC96_ODI-FINAL_17MAR1996.html |archive-date=6 February 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Romesh Kaluwitharana]] as opening batsmen to take advantage of the fielding restrictions during the first 15 overs of each innings. At a time when 50 or 60 runs in the first 15 overs was considered adequate, Sri Lanka scored 117 runs in those overs against India, 123 against Kenya, 121 against England in the quarter-final and 86 against India in the semi-final. Against Kenya, Sri Lanka made 398 for 5, a new record for the highest team score in a One Day International that stood until April 2006. [[Gary Kirsten]] scored 188 not out against United Arab Emirates at Rawalpindi, Pakistan, setting a record for the highest individual score in a World Cup match which stood until 2015.

Sri Lanka won the first semi-final over India at [[Eden Gardens]] in [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], in front of a crowd unofficially estimated at 110,000. After they had lost both openers cheaply, Sri Lanka launched a counter-attack, led by Aravinda de Silva, to post a strong total of 251 for the loss of 8 wickets. India began their chase promisingly but after the loss of Sachin Tendulkar, the Indian batting order collapsed. After India had slumped to 120 for 8 in the 35th over, sections of the crowd began to throw fruit and plastic bottles onto the field. The players left the field for 20 minutes in an attempt to quieten the crowd. When the players returned for play, more bottles were thrown onto the field and fires were lit in the stand.<ref name="sportstar">{{cite news |last1=Sabanayakan |first1=S. |title=India vs Sri Lanka, Wills World Cup 1996 semifinal: A real shame |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/india-sri-lanka-1996-will-world-cup-semifinal-match-report-eden-gardens-crowd-trouble/article26522248.ece |work=sportstar.thehindu.com |date=13 March 2019 }}</ref><ref name="news18">{{cite news |title=On This Day: India vs Sri Lanka 1996 World Cup - An Epic Collapse, Tearful Vinod Kambli and the Nuisance at Eden Gardens |url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/on-this-day-india-vs-sri-lanka-1996-world-cup-an-epic-collapse-tearful-vinod-kambli-3527696.html |website=news18.com |access-date=13 March 2023}}</ref> Match referee [[Clive Lloyd]] awarded the match to Sri Lanka, the first default ever in a [[Test cricket|Test]] or [[One Day International]].

In the second semi-final in [[Mohali]], Australia recovered from 15/4 to reach 207/8 from their 50 overs. The West Indians had reached 165/2 in the 42nd over before losing their last eight wickets for 37 runs in 51 balls.

Sri Lanka won the toss in the final and sent Australia in to bat despite the team batting first having won all five previous World Cup finals. [[Mark Taylor (cricketer)|Mark Taylor]] top scored with 74 in Australia's total of 241/7. Sri Lanka won the match in the 47th over with [[Aravinda de Silva]] following his 3 for 42 with an unbeaten 107 to win the Player of the Match award. It was the first time a tournament host or co-host had won the cricket World Cup.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Cup Cricket Team Records & Stats |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/series_results.html?id=12&type=trophy |access-date=2022-03-10 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

A warm-up match was played between South Africa and Pakistan on 8 February 1996 in which South Africa defeated Pakistan by 65 runs.<ref>{{Citation |last=Grundlingh |first=Albert |title=Diffusion and Depiction: How Afrikaners Came to Play Cricket in Twentieth-Century South Africa |date=2018 |work=Cricket and Society in South Africa, 1910–1971 |pages=191–206 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93608-6_7 |access-date=2024-01-27 |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-93608-6_7 |isbn=978-3-319-93607-9|s2cid=158182345 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==Group stage==

===Group A===
<onlyinclude>{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=CricketRR
|update=complete
|section=A

|team1=SL |team2=AUS |team3=INDIA |team4=WI |team5=ZIM |team6=KENYA
|result1=Q |result2=Q |result3=Q |result4=Q

|win_AUS=3 |loss_AUS=2 |nr_AUS=0 |rs_AUS=949 |or_AUS=186.0 |rc_AUS=835 |ob_AUS=198.5
|win_INDIA=3 |loss_INDIA=2 |nr_INDIA=0 |rs_INDIA=1137 |or_INDIA=231.3 |rc_INDIA=1109 |ob_INDIA=248.4
|win_KENYA=1 |loss_KENYA=4 |nr_KENYA=0 |rs_KENYA=960 |or_KENYA=250.0 |rc_KENYA=1135 |ob_KENYA=234.1
|win_SL=5 |loss_SL=0 |nr_SL=0 |rs_SL=899 |or_SL=135.4 |rc_SL=753 |ob_SL=150.0
|win_WI=2 |loss_WI=3 |nr_WI=0 |rs_WI=653 |or_WI=178.2 |rc_WI=720 |ob_WI=189.4
|win_ZIM=1 |loss_ZIM=4 |nr_ZIM=0 |rs_ZIM=877 |or_ZIM=242.2 |rc_ZIM=923 |ob_ZIM=202.3

|name_AUS={{cr|AUS}}
|name_INDIA={{cr|IND}}
|name_KENYA={{cr|KEN}}
|name_SL={{cr|SRI}}
|name_WI={{cr|WIN}}
|name_ZIM={{cr|ZIM}}

|source=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/wills-world-cup-1995-96-60981/points-table-standings ESPNcricinfo]

|col_Q=green1
}}</onlyinclude>

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 16 February
| team1 = {{cr-rt|ZIM}}
| score1 = 151/9 (50 overs)
| score2 = 155/4 (29.3 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|WIN}}
| runs1 = [[Grant Flower]] 31 (54)
| wickets1 = [[Curtly Ambrose]] 3/28 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Sherwin Campbell]] 47 (88)
| wickets2 = [[Paul Strang]] 4/40 (7.3 overs)
| result = West Indies won by 6 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65159.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium, Hyderabad|Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| umpires = [[Steve Dunne (cricket umpire)|Steve Dunne]] (NZ) and [[Srinivasaraghavan Venkataraghavan]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Curtly Ambrose]] (WI)
| toss = Zimbabwe won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 17 February
| team1 = {{cr-rt|SRI}}
| score1 =
| score2 =
| team2 = {{cr|AUS}}
| runs1 =
| wickets1 =
| runs2 =
| wickets2 =
| result = Sri Lanka won by a walkover
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/66411.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[R. Premadasa Stadium]], [[Colombo]]
| umpires = [[Cyril Mitchley]] (SA) and [[Mahboob Shah]] (Pak)
| motm =
| toss = No toss.
| rain = Australia forfeited the match due to [[Colombo Central Bank bombing|safety concerns]], and were in Mumbai at the time of the match.
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 18 February
| team1 = {{cr-rt|KEN}}
| score1 = 199/6 (50 overs)
| score2 = 203/3 (41.5 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}
| runs1 = [[Steve Tikolo]] 65 (83)
| wickets1 = [[Anil Kumble]] 3/28 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Sachin Tendulkar]] 127[[not out|*]] (138)
| wickets2 = [[Steve Tikolo]] 1/26 (3 overs)
| result = India won by 7 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65161.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Barabati Stadium]], [[Cuttack]]
| umpires = [[K. T. Francis]] (SL) and [[David Shepherd (umpire)|David Shepherd]] (Eng)
| motm = [[Sachin Tendulkar]] (Ind)
| toss = India won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 21 February
| team1 = {{cr-rt|ZIM}}
| score1 = 228/6 (50 overs)
| score2 = 229/4 (37 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|SRI}}
| runs1 = [[Alistair Campbell (cricketer)|Alistair Campbell]] 75 (102)
| wickets1 = [[Chaminda Vaas]] 2/30 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Aravinda de Silva]] 91 (86)
| wickets2 = [[Heath Streak]] 3/60 (10 overs)
| result = Sri Lanka won by 6 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65164.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sinhalese Sports Club Ground]], [[Colombo]]
| umpires = [[Steve Dunne (cricket umpire)|Steve Dunne]] (NZ) and [[Mahboob Shah]] (Pak)
| motm = [[Aravinda de Silva]] (SL)
| toss = Zimbabwe won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 21 February
| team1 = {{cr-rt|WIN}}
| score1 = 173 (50 overs)
| score2 = 174/5 (39.4 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}
| runs1 = [[Richie Richardson]] 47 (70)
| wickets1 = [[Anil Kumble]] 3/35 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Sachin Tendulkar]] 70 (91)
| wickets2 = [[Roger Harper]] 2/34 (9 overs)
| result = India won by 5 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65165.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Captain Roop Singh Stadium]], [[Gwalior]]
| umpires = [[Khizer Hayat]] (Pak) and [[Ian Robinson (cricket umpire)|Ian Robinson]] (Zim)
| motm = [[Sachin Tendulkar]] (Ind)
| toss = West Indies won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 23 February
| team1 = {{cr-rt|AUS}}
| score1 = 304/7 (50 overs)
| score2 = 207/7 (50 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|KEN}}
| runs1 = [[Mark Waugh]] 130 (128)
| wickets1 = [[Rajab Ali]] 3/45 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Kennedy Otieno]] 85 (137)
| wickets2 = [[Paul Reiffel]] 2/18 (7 overs)
| result = Australia won by 97 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65167.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Indira Priyadarshini Stadium]], [[Visakhapatnam]]
| umpires = [[Cyril Mitchley]] (SA) and [[David Shepherd (umpire)|David Shepherd]] (Eng)
| motm = [[Mark Waugh]] (Aus)
| toss = Kenya won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 26 February
| team1 = {{cr-rt|SRI}}
| score1 =
| score2 =
| team2 = {{cr|WIN}}
| runs1 =
| wickets1 =
| runs2 =
| wickets2 =
| result = Sri Lanka won by a walkover
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/66412.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Premadasa Stadium]], [[Colombo]]
| umpires = [[V. K. Ramaswamy (umpire)|V. K. Ramaswamy]] (Ind) and [[Mahboob Shah]] (Pak)
| motm =
| toss = No toss.
| rain = West Indies forfeited the match due to safety concerns.
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 27 February
| team1 = {{cr-rt|KEN}}
| score1 = 134 (49.4 overs)
| score2 = 137/5 (42.2 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|ZIM}}
| runs1 = [[Dipak Chudasama]] 34 (66)
| wickets1 = [[Paul Strang]] 5/21 (9.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Grant Flower]] 45 (112)
| wickets2 = [[Rajab Ali]] 3/22 (8 overs)
| result = Zimbabwe won by 5 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65172.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Moin-ul-Haq Stadium]], [[Patna]]
| umpires = [[Khizer Hayat]] (Pak) and [[Cyril Mitchley]] (SA)
| motm = [[Paul Strang]] (Zim)
| toss = Zimbabwe won the toss and elected to field.
| rain = This game was originally scheduled to be played on 25 February; as the game started but due to rain it was abandoned after 15.5 overs of Zimbabwe's innings.
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 27 February
| team1 = {{cr-rt|AUS}}
| score1 = 258 (50 overs)
| score2 = 242 (48 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}
| runs1 = [[Mark Waugh]] 126 (135)
| wickets1 = [[Venkatapathy Raju]] 2/48 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Sachin Tendulkar]] 90 (84)
| wickets2 = [[Damien Fleming]] 5/36 (9 overs)
| result = Australia won by 16 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65174.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| umpires = [[Steve Dunne (cricket umpire)|Steve Dunne]] (NZ) and [[David Shepherd (umpire)|David Shepherd]] (Eng)
| motm = [[Mark Waugh]] (Aus)
| toss = Australia won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 29 February
| team1 = {{cr-rt|KEN}}
| score1 = 166 (49.3 overs)
| score2 = 93 (35.2 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|WIN}}
| runs1 = [[Steve Tikolo]] 29 (50)
| wickets1 = [[Courtney Walsh]] 3/46 (9 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shivnarine Chanderpaul]] 19 (48)
| wickets2 = [[Maurice Odumbe]] 3/15 (10 overs)
| result = Kenya won by 73 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65175.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Nehru Stadium, Pune|Nehru Stadium]], [[Pune]]
| umpires = [[Khizer Hayat]] (Pak) and [[V. K. Ramaswamy (umpire)|V. K. Ramaswamy]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Maurice Odumbe]] (Ken)
| toss = West Indies won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = Kenya won their first ODI match.
* This was the first time the West Indies lost an ODI to an ICC Associate.
* This was the fourth win in ODI history by an ICC Associate (all in World Cups, SL vs Ind 1979, Zim vs Aus 1983 and Zim vs Eng 1992).
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 1 March
| team1 = {{cr-rt|ZIM}}
| score1 = 154 (45.3 overs)
| score2 = 158/2 (36 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|AUS}}
| runs1 = [[Andy Waller]] 67 (101)
| wickets1 = [[Shane Warne]] 4/34 (9.3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Mark Waugh]] 76[[not out|*]] (109)
| wickets2 = [[Paul Strang]] 2/33 (10 overs)
| result = Australia won by 8 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65177.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground]], [[Nagpur]]
| umpires = [[Steve Dunne (cricket umpire)|Steve Dunne]] (NZ) and [[David Shepherd (umpire)|David Shepherd]] (Eng)
| motm = [[Shane Warne]] (Aus)
| toss = Zimbabwe won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 2 March
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}
| score1 = 271/3 (50 overs)
| score2 = 272/4 (48.4 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|SRI}}
| runs1 = [[Sachin Tendulkar]] 137 (137)
| wickets1 = [[Ravindra Pushpakumara]] 1/53 (8 overs)
| runs2 = [[Sanath Jayasuriya]] 79 (76)
| wickets2 = [[Anil Kumble]] 2/39 (10 overs)
| result = Sri Lanka won by 6 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65179.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Feroz Shah Kotla]], [[Delhi]]
| umpires = [[Cyril Mitchley]] (SA) and [[Ian Robinson (cricket umpire)|Ian Robinson]] (Zim)
| motm = [[Sanath Jayasuriya]] (SL)
| toss = Sri Lanka won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Manoj Prabhakar]] played his last ODI game.
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 4 March
| team1 = {{cr-rt|AUS}}
| score1 = 229/6 (50 overs)
| score2 = 232/6 (48.5 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|WIN}}
| runs1 = [[Ricky Ponting]] 102 (112)
| wickets1 = [[Courtney Walsh]] 2/35 (9 overs)
| runs2 = [[Richie Richardson]] 93[[not out|*]] (133)
| wickets2 = [[Mark Waugh]] 3/38 (10 overs)
| result = West Indies won by 4 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65181.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sawai Mansingh Stadium]], [[Jaipur]]
| umpires = [[Mahboob Shah]] (Pak) and [[David Shepherd (umpire)|David Shepherd]] (Eng)
| motm = [[Richie Richardson]] (WI)
| toss = Australia won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 6 March
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}
| score1 = 247/5 (50 overs)
| score2 = 207 (49.4 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|ZIM}}
| runs1 = [[Vinod Kambli]] 106 (110)
| wickets1 = [[Charlie Lock]] 2/57 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Heath Streak]] 30 (39)
| wickets2 = [[Venkatapathy Raju]] 3/30 (10 overs)
| result = India won by 40 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65184.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Green Park Stadium|Green Park]], [[Kanpur]]
| umpires = [[Steve Bucknor]] (WI) and [[Cyril Mitchley]] (SA)
| motm = [[Ajay Jadeja]] (Ind)
| toss = Zimbabwe won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 6 March
| team1 = {{cr-rt|SRI}}
| score1 = 398/5 (50 overs)
| score2 = 254/7 (50 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|KEN}}
| runs1 = [[Aravinda de Silva]] 145 (115)
| wickets1 = [[Tito Odumbe]] 2/34 (5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Steve Tikolo]] 96 (95)
| wickets2 = [[Arjuna Ranatunga]] 2/31 (5 overs)
| result = Sri Lanka won by 144 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65183.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Asgiriya Stadium]], [[Kandy]]
| umpires = [[Steve Dunne (cricket umpire)|Steve Dunne]] (NZ) and [[V. K. Ramaswamy (umpire)|V. K. Ramaswamy]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Aravinda de Silva]] (SL)
| toss = Kenya won the toss and elected to field.
| rain = Sri Lanka's total of 398/5 surpassed England's 363/7 against Pakistan in 1992 as the highest score in all ODIs. The record stood until 12 March 2006, when both Australia and South Africa broke it [[Fifth ODI, Australian cricket team in South Africa in 2005–06|in the same match]]. It remained a World Cup record until the [[2007 Cricket World Cup|2007 tournament]], when India scored 413/5 against [[Bermuda national cricket team|Bermuda]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/211599.html |title=Records / One-Day Internationals / Team records / Highest innings totals |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=3 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150301131722/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/211599.html |archive-date=1 March 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| notes =
}}

===Group B===
<onlyinclude>{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=CricketRR
|update=complete
|section=B

|team1=SA |team2=PAK |team3=NZ |team4=ENG |team5=UAE |team6=NL
|result1=Q |result2=Q |result3=Q |result4=Q

|win_ENG=2 |loss_ENG=3 |nr_ENG=0 |rs_ENG=1048 |or_ENG=235.0 |rc_ENG=1085 |ob_ENG=247.4
|win_NL=0 |loss_NL=5 |nr_NL=0 |rs_NL=947 |or_NL=250.0 |rc_NL=1285 |ob_NL=225.0
|win_NZ=3 |loss_NZ=2 |nr_NZ=0 |rs_NZ=1234 |or_NZ=247.0 |rc_NZ=1042 |ob_NZ=234.3
|win_PAK=4 |loss_PAK=1 |nr_PAK=0 |rs_PAK=1036 |or_PAK=196.2 |rc_PAK=981 |ob_PAK=227.2
|win_SA=5 |loss_SA=0 |nr_SA=0 |rs_SA=1300 |or_SA=231.5 |rc_SA=891 |ob_SA=250.0
|win_UAE=1 |loss_UAE=4 |nr_UAE=0 |rs_UAE=784 |or_UAE=224.2 |rc_UAE=1065 |ob_UAE=200.0

|name_ENG={{cr|ENG}}
|name_NL={{cr|NED}}
|name_NZ={{cr|NZL}}
|name_PAK={{cr|PAK}}
|name_SA={{cr|RSA}}
|name_UAE={{cr|UAE}}

|source=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/wills-world-cup-1995-96-60981/points-table-standings ESPNcricinfo]

|col_Q=green1
}}</onlyinclude>

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 14 February
| team1 = {{cr-rt|NZL}}
| score1 = 239/6 (50 overs)
| score2 = 228/9 (50 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|ENG}}
| runs1 = [[Nathan Astle]] 101 (132)
| wickets1 = [[Graeme Hick]] 2/45 (9 overs)
| runs2 = [[Graeme Hick]] 85 (102)
| wickets2 = [[Dion Nash]] 3/26 (7 overs)
| result = New Zealand won by 11 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65157.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sardar Patel Stadium, Motera|Gujarat Stadium]], [[Motera]], [[Ahmedabad]]
| umpires = [[B. C. Cooray]] and [[Steve Randell]]
| motm = [[Nathan Astle]] (NZ)
| toss =
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 16 February
| team1 = {{cr-rt|RSA}}
| score1 = 321/2 (50 overs)
| score2 = 152/8 (50 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|UAE}}
| runs1 = [[Gary Kirsten]] 188[[not out|*]] (159)
| wickets1 = [[Johanne Samarasekera]] 1/39 (9 overs)
| runs2 = [[Arshad Laeeq]] 43 (79)
| wickets2 = [[Brian McMillan]] 3/11 (8 overs)
| result = South Africa won by 169 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65158.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Rawalpindi Cricket Stadium]], [[Rawalpindi]]
| umpires = [[Steve Bucknor]] and [[V. K. Ramaswamy (umpire)|V. K. Ramaswamy]]
| motm = [[Gary Kirsten]] (SA)
| toss =
| rain =
| notes = Match was delayed from 15th February due to rain and a flooded ground.
*[[Gary Kirsten]]'s unbeaten 188 was the highest ever individual score in a World Cup match, surpassing Viv Richards' 181* against Sri Lanka in 1987, and the second-highest ODI score of all time, one short of Richards' all-time ODI record score of 189.
*South Africa's score of 321/2 was their highest in ODIs.
*The United Arab Emirates' ninth-wicket partnership of 80* between [[Arshad Laeeq]] and [[Shaukat Dukanwala]] was the second-highest of all time.
}}
----
{{anchor|match 4}}
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 17 February 1996
| team1 = {{cr-rt|NZL}}
| team2 = {{cr|NED}}
| score1 = 307/8 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Craig Spearman]] 68 (59)
| wickets1 = [[Steven Lubbers]] 3/48 (9 overs)
| score2 = 188/7 (50 overs)
| runs2 = [[Roland Lefebvre]] 45 (64)
| wickets2 = [[Chris Harris (cricketer)|Chris Harris]] 3/24 (10 overs)
| result = New Zealand won by 119 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65160.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Moti Bagh Stadium]], [[Vadodara]]
| umpires = [[Khizer Hayat]] and [[Ian Robinson (cricket umpire)|Ian Robinson]]
| motm = [[Craig Spearman]] (NZ)
| toss =
| rain =
| notes = This was the Netherlands' first ODI match.
*[[Peter Cantrell]], [[Flavian Aponso]], [[Steven Lubbers]], [[Roland Lefebvre]], [[Tim de Leede]], [[Klaas-Jan van Noortwijk]], [[Marcelis Schewe]], [[Bastiaan Zuiderent]], [[Eric Gouka]] and [[Paul-Jan Bakker]] (Ned) all made their ODI debut.
*At 47 years and 240 days, [[Nolan Clarke]] (Ned) became the oldest player to make his ODI debut.<ref>{{cite web|first=Vinay|last=Chhabria|title=10 Guinness World Records held by cricket|url=https://www.crictracker.com/10-guinness-world-records-held-by-cricket/9/|work=CricTracker|date=12 March 2020|access-date=24 June 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200624140433/https://www.crictracker.com/10-guinness-world-records-held-by-cricket/9/|archive-date=24 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=ODI records – Oldest players on debut|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283461.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=24 June 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219141041/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283461.html|archive-date=19 December 2019}}</ref>
*[[Stephen Fleming]] (NZ) took his only ODI wicket.<ref>{{cite web|title=Stephen Fleming's profile|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/newzealand/content/player/37000.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=24 June 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200512074821/https://www.espncricinfo.com/newzealand/content/player/37000.html|archive-date=12 May 2020}}</ref>
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 18 February
| team1 = {{cr-rt|UAE}}
| score1 = 136 (48.3 overs)
| score2 = 140/2 (35 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|ENG}}
| runs1 = [[Mazhar Hussain]] 33 (59)
| wickets1 = [[Neil Smith (cricketer, born 1967)|Neil Smith]] 3/29
| runs2 = [[Graham Thorpe]] 44[[not out|*]] (66)
| wickets2 = [[Arshad Laeeq]] 1/25 (7 overs)
| result = England won by 8 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65162.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Arbab Niaz Stadium]], [[Peshawar]]
| umpires = [[B. C. Cooray]] and [[V. K. Ramaswamy (umpire)|V. K. Ramaswamy]]
| motm = [[Neil Smith (cricketer, born 1967)|Neil Smith]] (Eng)
| toss =
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 20 February
| team1 = {{cr-rt|NZL}}
| score1 = 177/9 (50 overs)
| score2 = 178/5 (37.3 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|RSA}}
| runs1 = [[Stephen Fleming]] 33 (79)
| wickets1 = [[Allan Donald]] 3/34 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Hansie Cronje]] 78 (64)
| wickets2 = [[Nathan Astle]] 2/10 (3 overs)
| result = South Africa won by 5 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65163.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Iqbal Stadium]], [[Faisalabad]]
| umpires = [[Steve Randell]] and [[Srinivasaraghavan Venkataraghavan]]
| motm = [[Hansie Cronje]] (SA)
| toss =
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 22 February
| team1 = {{cr-rt|ENG}}
| score1 = 279/4 (50 overs)
| score2 = 230/6 (50 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|Netherlands}}
| runs1 = [[Graeme Hick]] 104[[not out|*]] (133)
| wickets1 = [[Roland Lefebvre]] 1/40 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Klaas van Noortwijk]] 64 (82)
| wickets2 = [[Phil DeFreitas]] 3/31 (10 overs)
| result = England won by 49 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65166.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Arbab Niaz Stadium]], [[Peshawar]]
| umpires = [[Steve Bucknor]] and [[K. T. Francis]]
| motm = [[Graeme Hick]] (Eng)
| toss =
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 24 February
| team1 = {{cr-rt|UAE}}
| score1 = 109/9 (33 overs)
| score2 = 112/1 (18 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|PAK}}
| runs1 = [[Shaukat Dukanwala]] 21[[not out|*]] (19)
| wickets1 = [[Mushtaq Ahmed (cricketer)|Mushtaq Ahmed]] 3/16 (7 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ijaz Ahmed (cricketer, born 1968)|Ijaz Ahmed]] 50[[not out|*]] (57)
| wickets2 = [[Johanne Samarasekera]] 1/17 (3 overs)
| result = Pakistan won by 9 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65168.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Jinnah Stadium (Gujranwala)|Jinnah Stadium]], [[Gujranwala]]
| umpires = [[B. C. Cooray]] and [[Srinivasaraghavan Venkataraghavan]]
| motm = [[Mushtaq Ahmed (cricketer)|Mushtaq Ahmed]] (Pak)
| toss =
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 25 February
| team1 = {{cr-rt|RSA}}
| score1 = 230 (50 overs)
| score2 = 152 (44.3 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|ENG}}
| runs1 = [[Gary Kirsten]] 38 (60)
| wickets1 = [[Peter Martin (cricketer)|Peter Martin]] 3/33 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Graham Thorpe]] 46 (69)
| wickets2 = [[Shaun Pollock]] 2/16 (8 overs)
| result = South Africa won by 78 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65169.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Rawalpindi Cricket Stadium]], [[Rawalpindi]]
| umpires = [[Steve Randell]] and [[Ian Robinson (cricket umpire)|Ian Robinson]]
| motm = [[Jonty Rhodes]] (SA)
| toss =
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 26 February
| team1 = {{cr-rt|Netherlands}}
| score1 = 145/7 (50 overs)
| score2 = 151/2 (30.4 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|PAK}}
| runs1 = [[Flavian Aponso]] 58
| wickets1 = [[Waqar Younis]] 4/26
| runs2 = [[Saeed Anwar]] 83[[not out|*]]
| wickets2 = [[Peter Cantrell]] 1/18 (4 overs)
| result = Pakistan won by 8 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65171.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Gaddafi Stadium]], [[Lahore]]
| umpires = [[K. T. Francis]] and [[Steve Bucknor]]
| motm = [[Waqar Younis]] (Pak)
| toss =
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 27 February
| team1 = {{cr-rt|NZL}}
| score1 = 276/8 (47 overs)
| score2 = 167/9 (47 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|UAE}}
| runs1 = [[Roger Twose]] 92 (112)
| wickets1 = [[Azhar Saeed]] 3/45 (7 overs)
| runs2 = [[Johanne Samarasekera]] 47 (59)
| wickets2 = [[Shane Thomson]] 3/20
| result = New Zealand won by 109 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65173.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Iqbal Stadium]], [[Faisalabad]]
| umpires = [[B. C. Cooray]] and [[Srinivasaraghavan Venkataraghavan]]
| motm = [[Roger Twose]] (NZ)
| toss =
| rain = Match reduced to 47 overs a side due to heavy fog at the start of the match.
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 29 February
| team1 = {{cr-rt|PAK}}
| score1 = 242/6 (50 overs)
| score2 = 243/5 (44.2 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|RSA}}
| runs1 = [[Aamir Sohail]] 111 (139)
| wickets1 = [[Hansie Cronje]] 2/20 (5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Daryll Cullinan]] 65 (76)
| wickets2 = [[Waqar Younis]] 3/50 (8 overs)
| result = South Africa won by 5 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65176.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[National Stadium, Karachi|National Stadium]], [[Karachi]]
| umpires = [[K. T. Francis]] and [[Steve Bucknor]]
| motm = [[Hansie Cronje]] (SA)
| toss =
| rain = Bucknor replaced Ian Robinson as an umpire in this match after protests by Pakistan.
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 1 March
| team1 = {{cr-rt|NED}}
| score1 = 216/9 (50 overs)
| score2 = 220/3 (44.2 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|UAE}}
| runs1 = [[Peter Cantrell]] 47 (106)
| wickets1 = [[Shaukat Dukanwala]] 5/29 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Saleem Raza (cricketer)|Saleem Raza]] 84 (68)
| wickets2 = [[Roland Lefebvre]] 1/24 (8 overs)
| result = United Arab Emirates won by 7 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65178.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Gaddafi Stadium]], [[Lahore]]
| umpires = [[Mahboob Shah]] and [[Steve Randell]]
| motm = [[Shaukat Dukanwala]] (UAE)
| toss =
| rain = This was the first ever official ODI between two ICC Associate teams.
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 3 March
| team1 = {{cr-rt|ENG}}
| score1 = 249/9 (50 overs)
| score2 = 250/3 (47.4 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|PAK}}
| runs1 = [[Robin Smith (cricketer)|Robin Smith]] 75 (92)
| wickets1 = [[Mushtaq Ahmed (cricketer)|Mushtaq Ahmed]] 3/53 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Saeed Anwar]] 71 (72)
| wickets2 = [[Dominic Cork]] 2/59 (10 overs)
| result = Pakistan won by 7 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65180.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[National Stadium, Karachi|National Stadium]], [[Karachi]]
| umpires = [[B. C. Cooray]] and [[Srinivasaraghavan Venkataraghavan]]
| motm = [[Aamer Sohail]] (Pak)
| toss =
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{anchor|match 27}}
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 5 March 1996
| team1 = {{cr-rt|RSA}}
| team2 = {{cr|NED}}
| score1 = 328/3 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Andrew Hudson (cricketer)|Andrew Hudson]] 161 (132)
| wickets1 = [[Eric Gouka]] 1/32 (2 overs)
| score2 = 168/8 (50 overs)
| runs2 = [[Nolan Clarke]] 32 (46)
| wickets2 = [[Allan Donald]] 2/21 (6 overs)
| result = South Africa won by 160 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65182.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Rawalpindi Cricket Stadium]], [[Rawalpindi]]
| umpires = [[Khizer Hayat]] (Pak) and [[Steve Randell]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Andrew Hudson (cricketer)|Andrew Hudson]] (SA)
| toss = South Africa won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = [[Peter Cantrell]], [[Flavian Aponso]], [[Marcelis Schewe]], [[Eric Gouka]], [[Steven Lubbers]] and [[Paul-Jan Bakker]] (all Ned) played their final ODI match.<ref name="2nd ODI">{{cite web|title=Netherlands v South Africa – Wills World Cup 1995/96 (Group B)|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/61/61921.html|work=CricketArchive|access-date=24 June 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106213830/https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/61/61921.html|archive-date=6 January 2016}}</ref>
*[[Nolan Clarke]] (Ned), aged 47 years and 257 days, played his final ODI match, the oldest player to do so.<ref>{{cite web|first1=Martin|last1=Williamson|first2=Andrew|last2=McGlashan|title=Help the aged|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22864842/help-aged|work=ESPNcricinfo|date=3 July 2008|access-date=24 June 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521224827/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22864842/help-aged|archive-date=21 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=ODI records – Oldest players|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283723.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=24 June 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219132515/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283723.html|archive-date=19 December 2019}}</ref>
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 6 March
| team1 = {{cr-rt|PAK}}
| score1 = 281/5 (50 overs)
| score2 = 235 (47.3 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|NZL}}
| runs1 = [[Saeed Anwar]] 62 (67)
| wickets1 = [[Robert Kennedy (cricketer)|Robert Kennedy]] 1/32 (5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Stephen Fleming]] 42 (43)
| wickets2 = [[Mushtaq Ahmed (cricketer)|Mushtaq Ahmed]] 2/32 (10 overs)
| result = Pakistan won by 46 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65185.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Gaddafi Stadium]], [[Lahore]]
| umpires = [[K. T. Francis]] and [[Ian Robinson (cricket umpire)|Ian Robinson]]
| motm = [[Saleem Malik]] (Pak)
| toss =
| rain =
| notes =
}}

==Knockout stage==
{{Round8


|9 March – [[Iqbal Stadium|Faisalabad]], Pakistan|{{cr|ENG}}|235/8|'''{{cr|SRI}}'''|'''236/5'''
|9 March – [[M Chinnaswamy Stadium|Bangalore]], India|'''{{cr|IND}}'''|'''287/8'''|{{cr|PAK}}|248/9
|11 March – [[National Stadium, Karachi|Karachi]], Pakistan|'''{{cr|WIN}}'''|'''264/8'''|{{cr|RSA}}|245
|11 March – [[MA Chidambaram Stadium|Madras]], India|{{cr|NZL}}|286/9|'''{{cr|AUS}}'''|'''289/4'''

|13 March – [[Eden Gardens|Calcutta]], India|'''{{cr|SRI}}'''|'''251/8'''|{{cr|IND}}|120/8
|14 March – [[Punjab C.A. Stadium|Mohali]], India|{{cr|WIN}}|202|'''{{cr|AUS}}'''|'''207/8'''

|17 March – [[Gaddafi Stadium|Lahore]], Pakistan|'''{{cr|SRI}}'''|'''245/3'''|{{cr|AUS}}|241/7}}

===Quarter-finals===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 9 March
| team1 = {{cr-rt|ENG}}
| score1 = 235/8 (50 overs)
| score2 = 236/5 (40.4 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|SRI}}
| runs1 = [[Phil DeFreitas]] 67 (64)
| wickets1 = [[Kumar Dharmasena]] 2/30 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Sanath Jayasuriya]] 82 (44)
| wickets2 = [[Dermot Reeve]] 1/14 (4 overs)
| result = Sri Lanka won by 5 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65186.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Iqbal Stadium]], [[Faisalabad]]
| umpires = [[Mahboob Shah]] and [[Ian Robinson (cricket umpire)|Ian Robinson]]
| motm = [[Sanath Jayasuriya]] (SL)
| toss = England won the toss and elected to bat first.
| rain =
| notes = [[Richard Illingworth]] played his final ODI game.
}}• [[Robin Smith (cricketer)|Robin Smith]] Played his final ODI match
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 9 March
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}
| score1 = 287/8 (50 overs)
| score2 = 248/9 (49 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|PAK}}
| runs1 = [[Navjot Singh Sidhu]] 93 (115)
| wickets1 = [[Mushtaq Ahmed (cricketer)|Mushtaq Ahmed]] 2/56 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Aamer Sohail]] 55 (46)
| wickets2 = [[Venkatesh Prasad]] 3/45 (10 overs)
| result = India won by 39 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65187.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[M Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
| umpires = [[Steve Bucknor]] and [[David Shepherd (umpire)|David Shepherd]]
| motm = [[Navjot Singh Sidhu]] (Ind)
| toss = India won the toss and elected to bat first.
| rain = Pakistan was fined 1 over for a slow [[over rate]].
| notes =
This was the last ODI which [[Javed Miandad]] played.
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 11 March
| team1 = {{cr-rt|WIN}}
| score1 = 264/8 (50 overs)
| score2 = 245 (49.3 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|RSA}}
| runs1 = [[Brian Lara]] 111 (94)
| wickets1 = [[Brian McMillan]] 2/37 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Daryll Cullinan]] 69 (78)
| wickets2 = [[Roger Harper]] 4/47 (10 overs)
| result = West Indies won by 19 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65188.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[National Stadium, Karachi|National Stadium]], [[Karachi]]
| umpires = [[K. T. Francis]] and [[Steve Randell]]
| motm = [[Brian Lara]] (WI)
| toss = West Indies won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 11 March
| team1 = {{cr-rt|NZL}}
| score1 = 286/9 (50 overs)
| score2 = 289/4 (47.5 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|AUS}}
| runs1 = [[Chris Harris (cricketer)|Chris Harris]] 130 (124)
| wickets1 = [[Glenn McGrath]] 2/50 (9 overs)
| runs2 = [[Mark Waugh]] 110 (112)
| wickets2 = [[Nathan Astle]] 1/21 (3 overs)
| result = Australia won by 6 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65189.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[MA Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai|Madras]]
| umpires = [[Cyril Mitchley]] and [[Srinivasaraghavan Venkataraghavan]]
| motm = [[Mark Waugh]] (Aus)
| toss = New Zealand won the toss and elected to bat first.
| rain =
| notes =
}}

===Semi-finals===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 13 March
| team1 = {{cr-rt|SRI}}
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}
| score1 = 251/8 (50 overs)
| score2 = 120/8 (34.1 overs)
| runs1 = [[Aravinda de Silva]] 66 (47)
| wickets1 = [[Javagal Srinath]] 3/34 (7 overs)
| runs2 = [[Sachin Tendulkar]] 65 (88)
| wickets2 = [[Sanath Jayasuriya]] 3/12 (7 overs)
| result = Sri Lanka won by default
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65190.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata|Calcutta]]
| umpires = [[Steve Dunne (cricket umpire)|Steve Dunne]] and [[Cyril Mitchley]]
| motm = [[Aravinda de Silva]] (SL)
| toss = India won the toss and elected to field.
| rain = The match was awarded to [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]] by match referee [[Clive Lloyd]] when play could not be continued due to the rioting crowd.<ref name="sportstar"/><ref name = "news18"/>
| notes = Sri Lanka qualified for the final for first time.
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 14 March
| team1 = {{cr-rt|AUS}}
| score1 = 207/8 (50 overs)
| score2 = 202 (49.3 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|WIN}}
| runs1 = [[Stuart Law]] 72 (105)
| wickets1 = [[Curtly Ambrose]] 2/26 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shivnarine Chanderpaul]] 80 (126)
| wickets2 = [[Shane Warne]] 4/36 (9 overs)
| result = Australia won by 5 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65191.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Punjab Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Mohali]]
| umpires = [[B. C. Cooray]] and [[Srinivasaraghavan Venkataraghavan]]
| motm = [[Shane Warne]] (Aus)
| toss = Australia won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = Australia qualified for the final for third time after [[1975 Cricket World Cup|1975]] and [[1987 Cricket World Cup|1987]].
* This was the last ODI played by [[Richie Richardson]].
}}

==Final==
{{Main|1996 Cricket World Cup Final}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 17 March
| daynight = yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|AUS}}
| score1 = 241/7 (50 overs)
| score2 = 245/3 (46.2 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|SRI}}
| runs1 = [[Mark Taylor (cricketer)|Mark Taylor]] 74 (83)
| wickets1 = [[Aravinda de Silva]] 3/42 (9 overs)
| runs2 = [[Aravinda de Silva]] 107[[not out|*]] (124)
| wickets2 = [[Damien Fleming]] 1/43 (6 overs)
| result = Sri Lanka won by 7 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65192.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Gaddafi Stadium]], [[Lahore]]
| umpires = [[Steve Bucknor]] and [[David Shepherd (umpire)|David Shepherd]]
| motm = [[Aravinda de Silva]] (SL)
| toss = Sri Lanka won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}

==Statistics==
{{main|1996 Cricket World Cup statistics}}

[[File:Sachin at Castrol Golden Spanner Awards.jpg|thumb|upright|Sachin Tendulkar, the leading run scorer in the tournament]]
[[File:Anil Kumble.jpg|thumb|upright|Anil Kumble, the leading wicket taker in the tournament]]

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Leading run scorers<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wills World Cup, 1995/96 batting most runs career Records |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/wills-world-cup-1995-96-722 |access-date=2023-07-21 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! Runs !! Player !! Country
|-
|align="center"| 523 || [[Sachin Tendulkar]] || {{cr|IND}}
|-
|align="center"| 484 || [[Mark Waugh]] || {{cr|AUS}}
|-
|align="center"| 448 || [[Aravinda de Silva]] || {{cr|SRI}}
|-
|align="center"| 391 || [[Gary Kirsten]] || {{cr|RSA}}
|-
|align="center"| 329 || [[Saeed Anwar]] || {{cr|PAK}}
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Leading wicket takers<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wills World Cup, 1995/96 bowling most wickets career Records |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/bowling-most-wickets-career/wills-world-cup-1995-96-722 |access-date=2023-07-21 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! Wickets !! Player !! Country
|-
|-
|align="center"| 15 || [[Anil Kumble]] || {{cr|IND}}
|-
|align="center"| 13 || [[Waqar Younis]] || {{cr|PAK}}
|-
|align="center" rowspan="5"| 12
|-
| [[Paul Strang]] || {{cr|ZIM}}
|-
| [[Roger Harper]] || {{cr|WIN}}
|-
| [[Damien Fleming]] || {{cr|AUS}}
|-
| [[Shane Warne]] || {{cr|AUS}}
|}

==Notes and references==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/series/60981.html Cricket World Cup 1996 ] from [[ESPNcricinfo]]

{{Cricket World Cup}}
{{1996 Cricket World Cup}}

[[Category:1996 Cricket World Cup| ]]
[[Category:1996 in Indian cricket|World Cup]]
[[Category:1996 in Pakistani cricket|World Cup]]
[[Category:1996 in Sri Lankan cricket|World Cup]]
[[Category:International cricket competitions from 1994–95 to 1997]]
[[Category:International cricket competitions in India]]
[[Category:International cricket competitions in Pakistan]]
[[Category:International cricket competitions in Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:February 1996 sports events in Asia|Cricket World Cup]]
[[Category:March 1996 sports events in Asia|Cricket World Cup]]
[[Category:ITC Limited]]
[[Category:India–Pakistan cricket rivalry]]
[[Category:India–Sri Lanka sports relations]]
[[Category:Pakistan–Sri Lanka sports relations]]

Pey Alvar

2026-03-28T04:25:43Z

StaciWinslow: Starting new data

{{Infobox Hindu leader
| name = Pey Alvar
| image = Pey Alvar PBA.jpg
| caption =
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| birth_date = 4203 BCE (Traditional)<ref>{{cite book|title=Music and temples, a ritualistic approach|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yj8UAQAAIAAJ|page=23|author=L. Annapoorna |year=2000|isbn=9788175740907}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Ancient India: Collected Essays on the Literary and Political History of Southern India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=htArUg0OMpcC|pages=403–404|author=Sakkottai Krishnaswami Aiyangar |year=1911|isbn=9788120618503}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Mylapore]]
| birth_name =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| guru =
| philosophy = [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnava]] [[Bhakti]]
| honors = [[Alvar]] saint, regarded [[avatar]] of [[Nandaka]]
| literary_works = [[Munram Tiruvantati]]
| footnotes =
}}
{{Short description|Sri Vaishnava poet-saint}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}

'''Pey Alvar''' (also spelt '''Peyalvar''', '''Peialvar''', '''Pey Azhwar''', or '''Pei Azhwar''') is one of the twelve ''[[alvars|Alvar]]'' saints of South [[India]], who are known for their affiliation to [[Vaishnava]] tradition of [[Hinduism]]. The verses of ''[[Alvars]]'' are compiled as ''[[Nalayira Divya Prabandham]]'' and the 108 temples revered are classified as ''[[Divya desam|Divya Desams]]''. Pey Alvar is considered third in the list of the three principal ''Alvars'', with the other two being [[Poigai Alvar]] and [[Bhoothath Alvar]], collectively called ''Mutalamalvargal'' who are known to be born out of divinity. Pey Alvar composed hundred verses that are classified as ''[[Munram Tiruvantati]]'' and his composition is set in the ''[[Andhadhi|antati]]'' style in which the ending syllable is the starting one for the next verse.

As per Hindu legend, Pey Alvar was found in the lily flower in the pond of the [[Adikesava Perumal temple, Mylapore|Adi Kesava Perumal Temple]] in [[Mylapore]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ayyar |first=P. V. Jagadisa |title=South Indian shrines: illustrated |year=1991 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |location=New Delhi |isbn=81-206-0151-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NLSGFW1uZboC&q=pey+alwar&pg=PA539|page=539}}</ref> The site can be found in Arundale Street, Mylapore, Chennai. In Tamil, ''pey'' refers to one who is possessed and since the saint was madly attracted to Hindu god Vishnu, he got the name.

As per legend, the three ''Alvars'' were once were confined in a small dark enclosure during a rain in [[Ulagalantha Perumal Temple, Tirukoyilur|Thirukovilur]] and they experienced a fourth individual among them. They found out that it was god Vishnu and Poigai Alvar wished to see his face continuously but could view only from the simmering light of the lightning. With a view to maintain the continuity of light, Poigai instantly composed hundred songs wishing light to emerge. Pey Alvar and Bhoothath Alvar continued composing hundred songs each on Vishnu.
The works of these earliest saints contributed to the philosophical and theological ideas of Vaishnavism. Along with the three Saiva [[Nayanmars]], their works influenced the ruling [[Pallava]] kings of the South Indian region, resulting in changing the religious geography from [[Buddhism]] and [[Jainism]] to the two sects of [[Hinduism]].

==Alvars==
The word ''alvar'' means the one who dives deep into the ocean of the countless attributes of god. ''[[Alvars]]'' are considered the twelve supreme devotees of [[Vishnu]], who were instrumental in popularising [[Vaishnavism]] during the 5th-8th centuries CE. The religious works of these saints in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], songs of love and devotion, are compiled as ''[[Nalayira Divya Prabandham]]'' containing 4000 verses and the 108 temples revered in their songs are classified as ''[[Divya desam]]''.<ref name="Rao"/><ref name="Dalal21">[[#Dalal|Dalal]] 2011, pp. 20-21</ref> The saints had different origins and belonged to different castes. As per tradition, the first three ''Alvars'', Poigai, Bhutha and Pey were born miraculously. Tirumalisai was the son of a sage, Thondaradi, Mathurakavi, Periyalvar and Andal were from the [[Brahmin]] community, Kulasekhara from ''[[Kshatria]]'' community, Nammalvar was from a cultivator family, Tirupanalvar from ''[[panar]]'' community and Tirumangaiyalvar from ''kallar'' community. ''Divya Suri Saritra'' by Garuda-Vahana Pandita (11th century CE), ''Guruparamparaprabavam'' by Pinbaragiya Perumal Jiyar, ''Periya tiru mudi adaivu'' by Anbillai Kandadiappan, ''Yatindra Pranava Prabavam'' by Pillai Lokam Jiyar, commentaries on ''Divya Prabandam'', Guru Parampara (lineage of Gurus) texts, temple records and inscriptions give a detailed account of the ''Alvars'' and their works. According to these texts, the saints were considered incarnations of some form of Vishnu. Poigai is considered an incarnation of ''Panchajanya'' (Krishna's conch), Bhoothath of ''Kaumodakee'' (Vishnu's Mace/Club), Pey of ''Nandaka'' (Vishnu's sword), Thirumalisai of ''Sudarshanam'' (Vishnu's discus), Nammalvar of ''Vishvaksena'' (Vishnu's commander), Madhurakavi of ''Vainatheya'' (Vishnu's snake, Seshanaga), Kulasekhara of ''Kaustubha'' (Vishnu's necklace), Periy of Garuda (Vishnu's eagle), Andal of Bhoodevi (Vishnu's wife, Lakshmi, in her form as Bhudevi), Thondaradippodi of ''Vanamaalai'' (Vishnu's garland), Thiruppaanalvar of ''Srivatsa'' (An auspicious mark on Vishnu's chest) and Thirumangaiyalvar of ''[[Sharanga (Hindu mythology)|Saranga]]'' (Rama's bow). The songs of ''Prabandam'' are regularly sung in all the Vishnu temples of South India daily and also during festivals.<ref name="Dalal21"/><ref>{{cite book|title=Historical Dictionary of the Tamils|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H4q0DHGMcjEC&q=poygai&pg=PA14|page=211|last=Ramaswamy|first=Vijaya|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2007|isbn=9780810864450}}</ref>

According to traditional account by [[Manavala Mamunigal]], the first three ''Alvars'' namely Poigai, Bhoothath and Pey Alvar belong to ''[[Dvapara Yuga]]'' (before 4200 BCE), as per the details, all Alvars lived around 4300 BCE–900 CE. Some modern scholars suggest that they lived during 5th–8th century, although such estimates lack evidence.<ref>"Philosophy and Theistic Mysticism of the Ālvārs", by S. M. Srinivasa Chari, p. 11</ref> But it is widely accepted by tradition and historians that the trio are the earliest among the twelve ''Alvars''.<ref name="Rao">{{Cite book |last=Rao|first=P.V.L. Narasimha |title=Kanchipuram – Land of Legends, Saints & Temples|year=2008|publisher=Readworthy Publications (P) Ltd.|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-93-5018-104-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GTMTQLuCNSMC&q=poigai+azhwar&pg=PA27|page=27}}</ref><ref name="Dalal21"/><ref>{{cite book|title=Early history of Vaishnavism in south India|url=https://archive.org/details/earlyhistoryvai00aiyagoog|quote=poigai azhwar.|pages=[https://archive.org/details/earlyhistoryvai00aiyagoog/page/n35 17]-18|last=Aiyangar|first=Sakkottai Krishnaswami |publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1920}}</ref><ref name="James"/><ref>{{cite book|title=Book Of Vishnu|last=Krishna|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f9cSlaLMlgEC&q=poygai&pg=PA136|page=136|publisher=Penguin Books India|year=2009|isbn=9780143067627}}</ref> Along with the three Saiva [[nayanmars]], they influenced the ruling [[Pallava]] kings, creating a Bhakti movement that resulted in changing the religious geography from [[Buddhism]] and [[Jainism]] to these two sects of [[Hinduism]] in the region. The ''Alvars'' were also instrumental in promoting the Bhagavatha cult and the two epics of India, namely, ''[[Ramayana]]'' and ''[[Mahabaratha]]''.<ref>[[#B.S.|B.S.]] 2011, p. 42</ref> The ''Alvars'' were instrumental in spreading ''[[Vaishnavism]]'' throughout the region.<ref>[[#B.S.|B.S.]] 2011, p. 47-48</ref> The verses of the various ''Alvars'' were compiled by [[Nathamuni]] (824-924 CE), a 10th-century Vaishnavite theologian, who called it the "Tamil Veda".<ref>{{cite book|title=A Dictionary of Indian Literatures: Beginnings-1850 Volume 1 of A Dictionary of Indian Literature, A Dictionary of Indian Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YCJrUfVtZxoC&q=poygai&pg=PA15|page=15|last=Mukherjee|publisher=Orient Blackswan|year=1999|isbn=9788125014539}}</ref><ref name="Garg">{{cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of the Hindu World: Ak-Aq|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WjDcd0cTFxQC&q=poygai&pg=PA352|pages=352–354|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|last=Garg|first=Gaṅgā Rām|year=1992|isbn=9788170223757}}</ref>

==Early life==
In Tamil, ''pey'' refers to one who is possessed and since the saint was madly attracted to Hindu god Vishnu, he got the name.<ref name="chari1617"/> As per Hindu legend, Pey Alvar was found in the lily flower in the pond of the [[Adikesava Perumal temple, Mylapore]] (historically called Manikaivaram), a suburb in [[Chennai]]. He is also called Mahadahvaya and Mylapuradapadhi.<ref name="Dalal302">[[#Dalal|Dalal]] 2011, p. 302</ref>

==Composition==
As per Hindu legend, Vishnu appeared to the ''mutalam Alvars'' (first three ''Alvars'') at [[Ulagalantha Perumal Temple, Tirukoyilur|Thirukkoilur]]. It was day time, but it darkened and started raining heavily. The wandering Poigai found out a small hide out, which has a space for one person to lie down. Boodath arrived there looking for a hiding place and Poigai accommodated him, with both sitting together. In the meanwhile, Pey Alvar also came to the same place as all the three preferred to stand because of lack of space. The darkness became dense and inside the small room, they were not able to see each other. In the meanwhile, they felt a fourth person also forced his way among them. The three ''Alvars'' realised from the light of the lightning that the fourth one had a charming face that was sublime and divine. The trio could immediately realize that it was [[Vishnu]] who was huddling among them.{{Cn|date=November 2021}} Poigai wished to see Vishnu's face continuously but could view only from the simmering light of the lightning. With a view to maintain the continuity of light, he instantly composed hundred songs wishing the earth to be a big pot full of ghee like an ocean where the Sun could be the burning wick.<ref name="James"/><ref name="Garg"/><ref name="Dalal308">[[#Dalal|Dalal]] 2011, p. 308</ref>

<blockquote>
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-break}}
<div class="center">
[[Tamil script|Tamil]] 
திருக்கண்டேன் பொன் மேனி கண்டேன் திகழும் 
அருக்கனணி நிறமும் கண்டேன் - செருக்கிளரும் 
பொன்னாழி கண்டேன் புரி சங்கம் கைக்கண்டேன் 
என்னாழி வண்ணன் பால் இன்று 
</div>
{{Col-break}}
<div class="center">
[[Transliteration]] 
Tiruk Kanden Pon Meni Kanden- Thigazhum 
Arukkan Ani Niramum Kanden-Seruk Kilarum 
Pon Aazhi Kanden Puri Sangam Kai Kanden 
En Aazhi Vannan Paal Inru 
</div>
{{col-end}}
{{Cquote| I found the glorious, golden form of the Lord<ref>{{cite web|title=Moondram Thiruvandhadi translation|url=http://azhwar.org/documents/Moondraam_Thiruvandhadi_translation.pdf|last=N.|first=Rajagopalan|publisher=azhwar.org|page=4}}</ref>}}
</blockquote>

[[Bhoothath Alvar]] also sang 100 songs imagining to light the lamp constantly through ardent love for Him. Pey Alvar sang another 100 songs where he described the enchanting charm of the divine face and the association of Narayana equipped with chakra and sankha, and his divine consort goddess Lakshmi.<ref name="James">{{cite book|title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N-Z|url=https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch|url-access=registration|quote=poygai.|last=Lochtefeld|first=James|page=[https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch/page/515 515]|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|year=2002|isbn=9780823931804}}</ref><ref name="chari1617">[[#Chari|Chari]] 1997, pp. 16-17</ref>

Pey Alvar composed hundred verses that are classified as ''Munram Tiruvantati''.<ref>[[#Dalal|Dalal]] 2011, p. 269</ref> Pey Alvar's composition was set in the ''[[Andhadhi|antati]]'' style. The word ''Andha'' means end and ''Adi'' means beginning. ''antati'' style has ending word or the syllable of each verse as the beginning word of the succeeding verse and the last word of the hundredth verse becomes the beginning of the first verse, making the hundred verses a true garland of verses. The works of these earliest saints contributed to the philosophical and theological ideas of Vaishnavism.<ref name="chari1617"/> The verses of the trio speak of [[Narayana]] (another name for Vishnu) as the supreme deity and they refer frequently to [[Trivikrama]] and [[Krishna]], the [[avatar]]s of Vishnu.<ref>{{cite book|title=Prof. H. C. Raychaudhuri: As a Historian|last=Panda|first=Harihar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f1XMtc2Q97IC&q=poygai&pg=PA86|page=86|publisher=Northern Book Centre|year=2007|isbn=9788172112103}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Studies In The Religious Life Of Ancient And Medieval India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mh1y1eMgGBMC&q=poygai&pg=PA56|page=56|last=D.C.|first=Sircar|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publisher|year=1971|isbn=9788120827905}}</ref>

==[[Mangalasasanam by Divyadesam|Mangalasasanam]]==
There are 39 of his paasurams in the 4000 [[Divya Prabhandham]]. He has sung in praise of fourteen temples.<ref>{{cite book | title=A Primer of Tamil Literature| last=Pillai| first=M. S. Purnalingam | year=1904| publisher=Ananda Press|location=Madras|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QIeqvcai5XQC&q=tirumalisai&pg=PA183|pages=182–83| isbn=9788120609556}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background:#FFC569"
! scope="col" | S.No.
! scope="col" | '''Name of the temple'''
! scope="col" | '''Location'''
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | '''Photo'''
! scope="col" | '''Number of Pasurams'''
! scope="col" | '''Presiding deity'''
! scope="col" | '''Notes/Beliefs'''
|- align ="center"
|- style="background:#ffe;"
|-
|1
| [[Tirumala Venkateswara Temple|Tirupathi]]
| {{coord|13.143|79.907}}
| [[File:Tirumala 090615.jpg|130px|center]]
|18
|Alamelumanga [[Venkateswara]]
|Venkateswara Temple is a landmark Vaishnavite temple situated in the hill town of [[Tirumala]] at [[Tirupati]] in [[Chittoor district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]], India. The Temple is dedicated to Lord [[Venkateswara|Sri Venkateswara]], an incarnation of [[Vishnu]], who is believed to have appeared here to save mankind from trials and troubles of [[Kali Yuga]]. Hence the place has also got the name Kaliyuga [[Vaikuntham]] and Lord here is referred to as Kaliyuga Prathyaksha Daivam. The temple is also known by other names like Tirumala Temple, Tirupati Temple, Tirupati Balaji Temple. Lord Venkateswara is known by many other names: Balaji, Govinda, and Srinivasa.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tirumala.org/maintemple_about.htm |title=Tirumala Temple |access-date=13 September 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011032254/http://tirumala.org/maintemple_about.htm |archive-date=11 October 2007 }}</ref> Tirumala Hills are part of [[Seshachalam Hills]] range. The hills are {{convert|853|m|ft}} above sea level. The Temple is constructed in Dravidian architecture and is believed to be constructed over a period of time starting from 300 CE. The Garbagriha (Sanctum Sanctorum) is called AnandaNilayam. It is the richest temple in the world in terms of donations received and wealth.<ref name="ndtv">{{cite web | url=http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20070026005| title=NDTV Report | access-date=13 September 2007}}</ref><ref name="CSHindu">{{cite book |last1=Sivaratnam |first1=C |year=1964 |title=An Outline of the Cultural History and Principles of Hinduism |publisher= Stangard Printers |location=Colombo |edition=1 |oclc=12240260 |quote=Koneswaram temple. Tiru-Kona-malai, sacred mountain of Kona or Koneser, Iswara or Siva. The date of building the original temple is given as 1580 BCE according to a Tamil poem by Kavi Raja Virothayan translated into English in 1831 by Simon Cassie Chitty ... }}</ref><ref name="HLtoSL">{{cite book |last1=Ramachandran |first1=Nirmala|year=2004 |title=The Hindu legacy to Sri Lanka|publisher=Stamford Lake (Pvt.) Ltd. 2004 |location=Pannapitiya|oclc=230674424|isbn=9789558733974|quote= Portuguese writer De Queyroz compares Konesvaram to the famous Hindu temples in Rameswaram, [[Ekambareswarar Temple (Kanchipuram)|Kanchipuram]], Tirupatti-Tirumalai, Jagannath and Vaijayanthi and concludes that while these latter temples were well visited by the Hindus, the former had surpassed all the latter temples by the early 1600s}}</ref> The temple is visited by about 50,000 to 100,000 pilgrims daily (30 to 40 million people annually on average), while on special occasions and festivals, like the annual Brahmotsavam, the number of pilgrims shoots up to 500,000, making it the most-visited holy place in the world.<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2003/09/30/stories/2003093003080300.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031003153946/http://www.hindu.com/2003/09/30/stories/2003093003080300.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=3 October 2003 |location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=Ghazal programme at Tirumala temple | date=30 September 2003}}</ref>
|-
|2
| [[Ocean of milk|Thiruparkadal]]
| Heavenly
| [[File:Kurma, the tortoise incarnation of Vishnu.jpg|right|[[Kurma]]|130px]]
| 4
| Lakshmi Vishnu
| In [[Hindu cosmology]], Thiruparkadal (Ocean of milk) is the fifth from the center of the seven oceans. It surrounds the continent known as Krauncha.<ref>{{cite book|first=D. Dennis |last=Hudson|title= The body of God: an emperor's palace for Krishna in eighth-century Kanchipuram|url=https://archive.org/details/bodygodemperorsp00huds_609 |url-access=limited |publisher= Oxford University Press US|year= 2008 |isbn=978-0-19-536922-9| pages=[https://archive.org/details/bodygodemperorsp00huds_609/page/n190 164]–168}}</ref> According to Hindu mythology, the [[Deva (Hinduism)|devas]] (gods) and [[asuras]] (demons) worked together for a millennium to churn the ocean and release [[Amrita]] the nectar of immortal life.<ref>{{cite web|title=Churning the Ocean of Milk by Michael Buckley|url=http://www.veloasia.com/library/buckley/churning_milk.html}}</ref> It is spoken of in the [[Samudra manthan|''Samudra manthana'']] chapter of the [[Puranas]], a body of ancient Hindu legends. It is also the place where [[Vishnu]] reclines over [[Shesha|Shesha Naga]], along with his consort [[Lakshmi]].
|-
|3
|[[Tiruvelukkai|Thiruvelukkai]]
|[[Kanchipuram]], [[Kanchipuram district]], [[Tamil Nadu]]{{coord|12.822197| 79.706450}}
|[[File:Tiruvelukkai (3).jpg|130px|center]]
|3
|Sri Amritavalli sametha Sri Yoga Narasimha Perumal
|Azhagiya Singar is believed to have appeared to slay Hiranya, the demon king. ''Velukkai'' is derived from ''Vel'' (desire) and ''irukkai'' (place of stay), meaning the place where Vishnu desired to stay, which became Velukkai from Velirukkai.<ref name=census>{{cite book|title=Temples of Tamil Nadu Kancheepuram District|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Tamil Nadu|year=2003|last=C.|first=Chandramouli}}</ref>
|-
|4
| [[Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam|Srirangam]].
|[[Srirangam]], [[Trichy district]] [[Tamil Nadu]] {{coord|10.8625| 78.689722}}
|[[File:Srirangam14.jpg|130px|center]]
|2
|Ranganayagi Ranganathar (Periya Perumal)
|Srirangam temple is often listed as the largest functioning [[Hindu temple]] in the world, the still larger [[Angkor Wat]] being the largest existing temple. The temple occupies an area of 156 acres (631,000 m2) with a perimeter of 4,116m (10,710 feet) making it the largest temple in India and one of the largest religious complexes in the world.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mittal |first1=Sushil|first2=G.R.|last2=Thursby|page=456|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fz6KBkgEacAC&q=The+Hindu+World+%2B+srirangam&pg=PA456 |title=The Hindu World|year=2005 |publisher=Routelge |location=New York |isbn=0-203-67414-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Vater |first=Tom |title=Moon Spotlight Angkor Wat|year=2010 |publisher=Perseus Books Group |location=USA |isbn=9781598805611|page=40}}</ref> The annual 21-day festival conducted during the Tamil month of ''Margaḻi'' (December–January) attracts 1 million visitors.<ref>{{cite book |last=Jones |first=Victoria|page=4 |title=Wonders of the World Dot-to-Dot|year=2004 |publisher=Sterling Publishing Co., Inc. |location=New York |isbn=1-4027-1028-3}}</ref>
|-
|5
|[[Sarangapani Temple|Thirukudanthai]]
|[[Kumbakonam]], [[Thanjavur district]], [[Tamil Nadu]] {{coord|10.959649| 79.374999}}
|[[File:Gopuras in Kumbakonam - India.JPG|130px|center]]
|2
|Sri Komalavalli sametha Sri Aravamuda Perumal
|The temple is called Ubaya Pradhana Kshetram as the ''Moolavar'' (presiding deity) and ''utsavar'' (festive deity) enjoy the same importance. It is believed that the presiding deity asked [[Nathamuni]] to compile the four thousand verses of Nalayira Divya Prabandham at this place.<ref name=R>{{cite book|title=An introduction to religion and Philosophy - Tévarám and Tivviyappirapantam|last=R.|first=Dr. Vijayalakshmy|publisher=International Institute of Tamil Studies| location=Chennai|year=2001|edition=1st|ref=R.|pages=473–4}}</ref> The twin temple chariots weigh {{convert|300|tonnes|lbs|abbr=on}} each and are next only in size to the ones in [[Thyagaraja Temple, Tiruvarur|Thygaraja temple]] in [[Thiruvarur]] and [[Srivilliputhur Divya Desam|Andal Temple]] in [[Srivilliputhur]].<ref name="festivals">{{cite news|title=Immortalised in stone |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article218206.ece?css=print|work=The Hindu|date=2009-07-02|access-date=2013-04-08}}</ref> This temple is along [[Kaveri]] and is one of the [[Pancharanga Kshetrams]].<ref name="Pancharanga Kshetrams">{{cite web |
title=Pancharanga Kshetrams|work=Indiantemples.com |
url=http://www.indiantemples.com/Tamilnadu/df012.html |access-date= 2007-06-20}}</ref>
|-
|6
|[[Uppiliappan Temple|Thiruvinnagar]]
|[[Tirunageswaram]], [[Thanjavur district]], [[Tamil Nadu]] {{coord|10.961570| 79.432080}}
|[[File:Uppiliappan koil3.JPG|130px|center]]
|2
|Sri Bhumidevi sametha Sri Uppiliappan Perumal
|It is believed that Vishnu appeared as Uppiliappan to marry sage Hemarishi's daughter who was Lakshmi's avatar. Since the sage quoted that her girl is too young that she doesn't even know how to cook with salt, Vishnu agreed to accept offering without salt.<ref name=Meena>{{cite book|title=Temples in South India|last=V.|first=Meena|publisher=Harikumar Arts|location=Kanniyakumari|year=1974|edition=1st|page=29}}</ref>
|-
|7
| [[Vaikuntha|Paramapadam]]
| Heavenly
| [[File:Vishnu.jpg|130px|Vishnu, Lord of Vaikuntha|center]]
|1
|Lakshmi Vishnu
|Vaikuntha is the celestial abode of [[Vishnu]],<ref>{{cite book|last1=Maehle|first1=Gregor|title=Ashtanga Yoga The Intermediate Series: Mythology, Anatomy, and Practice|date=2012|publisher=New World Library|isbn=9781577319870|page=207|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OhYeGdNK0UoC&q=home%20OR%20abode%20%22Vaikuntha%20Vishnu%22%20-lord&pg=PA207|quote=Vaikuntha (Vishnu's celestial home)}}</ref> who is one of the principal deities of Hinduism and the supreme being in its Vaishnavism tradition.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Orlando O. Espín|author2=James B. Nickoloff|title=An Introductory Dictionary of Theology and Religious Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k85JKr1OXcQC&pg=PA539|year=2007|publisher=Liturgical Press|isbn=978-0-8146-5856-7|page=539}}</ref><ref name="Flood 1996, p. 17">[[Gavin Flood]], ''[https://books.google.com/books/about/An_Introduction_to_Hinduism.html?id=KpIWhKnYmF0C An Introduction to Hinduism]'' (1996), p. 17.</ref> Vaikuntha is an abode exclusive to him, his consort the goddess [[Lakshmi]] and other liberated souls that have gained [[moksha]]. They are blessed with pure bliss and happiness in the company of the supreme being for all eternity.
|-
|8
|[[Kallazhagar Temple|Thirumaliruncholai]]
|[[Alagar Koyil]], [[Madurai district]], [[Tamil Nadu]]{{coord|9.988609 | 78.2643428 }}
|[[File:AzhagarKovil Madurai.JPG|130px|center]]
|1
|Sri Sundaravalli sametha Sri Kallazhagar Perumal
| Kallazhagar was worshiped by [[Yama]], the Hindu god of death. He requested Vishnu to stay in the place and built a temple with the help of Vishwakarma, the divine architect.<ref>{{cite book|title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC&q=alvar+thirunagari|page=18|first=Roshan|last=Dalal|publisher=Penguin Books India|year=2010|isbn=9780143414216}}</ref> Kallazhagar is believed to have appeared to redeem sage Suthapava off his curse from sage [[Durvasa]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Kallazhagar temple|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/new.php?id=695|publisher=Dinamalar|access-date=31 May 2014|year=2014}}</ref> The temple houses some rare [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagara]] sculptures.<ref name=Gopal>{{cite journal|title=The Raṅga-maṇḍapa of the Tāṭikkompu Temple A Study of an Iconographic Programme of the Vijayanagara Tradition|journal=East and West|volume=46|last=S.|first=Gopalakrishnan|issue=3/4|date=December 1996|jstor=29757285|pages=415–431}}</ref>
|-
|9
|[[Sowmya Narayana Perumal temple|Thirukkoshtiyur]]
|[[Thirukoshtiyur]], [[Sivaganga district]], [[Tamil Nadu]]{{coord|9.98860| 78.2643 }}
|[[File:Thirukkottiyur1.jpg|130px|center]]
|1
|Sri Mahalakshmi sametha Sri Uraga Mellanayaan Perumal
|The temple is known as the place where [[Ramanuja]], the expounder of Vaishnavadatta philosophy, preached the holy syllable "Ohm Namo Narayana" to all people irrespective of their caste. Sowmyanarayana Perumal is believed to have appeared as [[Narasimha]] avatar to the [[Deva (Hinduism)|Devas]], the celestial deities.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Typology of the Anantaśayī Icon|page=80|jstor=3250291|last=K. V. |first=Soundara Rajan|journal=Artibus Asiae|volume=29|issue=1|year=1967}}</ref>
|-
|10
|[[Varadharaja Perumal Temple, Kanchipuram|Thirukkachi - Atthigiri]]
|[[Kanchipuram]], [[Kanchipuram district]], [[Tamil Nadu]]{{coord|12.819137| 79.724646}}
|[[File:Varadaraja Perumal Temple Kanchipuram (31).jpg|130px|center]]
|1
|Sri Perundevi sametha Sri Devadiraja Perumal
|One of the greatest Hindu scholars of Vaishnava [[VisishtAdvaita]] philosophy, [[Ramanuja]] is believed to have resided in this temple.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.indiantemples.com/Tamilnadu/varakanc.html |title = The Templenet Encyclopedia - Varadaraja Perumal Temple at Kanchipuram}}</ref> The temple along with [[Ekambareswarar Temple (Kanchipuram)|Ekambareswarar Temple]] and [[Kamakshi Amman Temple]] in Kanchipuram is popularly known as ''Mumurtivasam'' (abode of trio),<ref name="Rao154">Rao 2008, p. 154</ref> while Srirangam is referred to as ‘ The Koil’ (meaning: "temple") and [[Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala|Tirupati]] as the ‘Malai’ (Meaning: "hill").
|-
|11
|[[Tiru paadagam|Thiruppadagam]]
|[[Kanchipuram]], [[Kanchipuram district]], [[Tamil Nadu]]{{coord|12.842726| 79.696941}}
|[[File:Pandavathoothar (7).jpg|130px|center]]
|1
|Sri Rukmani sametha Sri Pandavadootha Perumal
| The temple is considered one of three oldest temples in Kanchipuram and is believed to have been built by the [[Pallavas]] of the late 8th century CE, with later contributions from [[Medieval Cholas]] and [[Vijayanagar Empire|Vijayanagar kings]]. The temple is associated with a chapter in ''[[Mahabharata]]'' when [[Krishna]] went to the [[Kaurava]]s as a missive (called ''Thoota'' locally) to the [[Pandavas]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Soundara Rajan |first=Kodayanallur Vanamamalai |title=Concise classified dictionary of Hinduism|year=2001|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|location=New Delhi |isbn=81-7022-857-3|page=38}}</ref>
|-
|12
|[[Parthasarathy Kovil|Thiruvallikeni]]
|[[Chennai]], [[Chennai district]], [[Tamil Nadu]]{{coord|13.053920| 80.276942}}
|[[File:Tiruvallikeni1.jpg|130px|center]]
|1
|Sri Rukmini sametha Sri Venkatakrishna Perumal
|The name ''Parthasarathy'', in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], means the 'charioteer of [[Arjuna]]', referring to Krishna's role as a charioteer to Arjuna in the epic ''[[Mahabaratha]]''. It was originally built by the [[Pallavas]] in the 8th century and considered the oldest structure in [[Chennai]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Sullivan|first=Sullivan|title=Historical Dictionary of Hinduism|year=1997|publisher=Scarecro Press INC.|location=England|isbn=81-250-2800-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cvhGP8NRx4QC&q=parthasarathy+temple&pg=PA126|page=126}}</ref>

|-
|13
|[[Thirukkadigai]]
|[[Sholinghur]], [[Vellore district]], [[Tamil Nadu]]{{coord|13.093698| 79.424626}}
|[[File:Sholingar (15).JPG|130px|center]]
|1
|Sri Amritavalli sametha Sri Yoga Narasimha Perumal
|The temple has twin hills, with the one of Yoga Narasimha called the ''Periya malai'' (big hill) {{convert|750|ft|m|abbr=on}} tall and occupying an area of {{convert|1.25|acre|sqm|abbr=on}}. The top of the hill is approached through a flight of 1,305 steps. The temple is seen as one of the famous temples of Narasimha and a powerful image of [[Hanuman]].<ref>{{cite book|title=South Indian Shrines Illustrated|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NLSGFW1uZboC&q=sholingur+temple&pg=PA539|page=539|last=Ayyar|first=P.V. Jagadisa|year=1993|location=New Delhi|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=81-206-0151-3}}</ref> [[Manavala Mamunigal]] is believed to have performed enunciation of ''[[Thirupavai]]'' at this place on the request of his disciple Erumbiappa. The town originally was under the control of [[Shaivite]]s which is substantiated by the temple ruins near Parappan Kulam, in the valley between two hills. This is where original Sholinghur was situated. Unfinished [[Nandi (bull)|Nandhi]]s and Sthupas are found in numerous places in Sholinghur.<ref name=hindu>{{cite news|title=Twin temples that draw devotees|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-miscellaneous/tp-others/twin-temples-that-draw-devotees/article28058874.ece|date=8 December 2000|access-date=2 July 2020|newspaper=The Hindu|first=T.A.|last=Srinivasan}}</ref>
|-
|14
|[[Ashtabujakaram|Ashtabuyagaram]]
|[[Kanchipuram]], [[Kanchipuram district]], [[Tamil Nadu]]{{coord|12.822736| 79.710806}}
|[[File:Ashtabhujakaram (9).jpg|130px|center]]
|1
|Sri Padmasani sametha Sri Ashtabhuja Perumal
|The elephant Gajendra, used to worship Vishnu with the lotus fetched from the temple tank every day. Once while picking up lotus, a crocodile caught the leg of Gajendra, who started calling the name of Vishnu for help. Vishnu sent his discus to punish the crocodile and relieve the elephant. The presiding deity is addressed by various names like Adikesava Perumal, Gajendra Varadhan and Chakradhar.<ref name=Diwakar>{{cite book|title=Temples of South India|first=Macherla|last=Diwakar|location=Chennai|year=2011|edition=1st|page=145|isbn=978-93-83440-34-4|publisher=Techno Book House}}</ref>
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book|title=History of People and Their Environs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=crxUQR_qBXYC&q=poygai&pg=PA47|publisher=Bharathi Puthakalayam|year=2011|last1=B. S.|first1=Chandrababu|last2=S.|first2=Ganeshram|last3=C.|first3=Bhavani|isbn=9789380325910|ref=B.S.}}
* {{cite book|title=Philosophy and Theistic Mysticism of the Āl̲vārs|first= S. M. Srinivasa|last= Chari|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers|year=1997|isbn=9788120813427|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8TwHhuZrZ-wC&q=poygai&pg=PA16|ref=Chari}}
* {{cite book|title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC&q=poigai&pg=PA308|last=Dalal|first=Roshen|ref=Dalal|publisher=Penguin Books India|year=2011|isbn=9780143414216}}

{{Alvars}}
[[Category:Alvars]]
[[Category:Sri Vaishnava religious leaders]]
[[Category:Bhakti movement]]
[[Category:Vaishnava saints]]
[[Category:Tamil Hindu saints]]

[[te:ముదలాళ్వారులు]]

Uttarākhaṇḍ Devabhūmi Mātribhūmi

2026-03-27T08:26:09Z

StaciWinslow: made first post w/ sources!

{{Short description|Official state song of Uttarakhand, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2017}}
{{Infobox anthem
| title = {{lang|hi|उत्तराखण्ड देवभूमि मातृभूमि}}
| transcription = {{translit|hi|italic=no|Uttarākhaṇḍ Devabhūmi Mātŕbhūmi}}
| english_title = Uttarakhand, O Sacred Motherland of Gods
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = [[Emblem of Uttarakhand]]
| prefix =
| type = State song
| country = [[Uttarakhand]], India
| alt_title =
| en_alt_title =
| alt_title_2 =
| en_alt_title_2 =
| author = Hemant Bisht
| lyrics_date =
| composer = [[Narendra Singh Negi]]
| music_date =
| adopted = 6 February 2016
| readopted =
| published =
| until =
| sound =
| sound_title = }}
"'''{{translit|hi|italic=no|Uttarākhaṇḍ Devabhūmi Mātŕbhūmi}}'''"{{efn|{{langx|hi|उत्तराखण्ड देवभूमि मातृभूमि}}, {{IPA|hi|ˈʊtːərɑːkʰəɳɖ ˈdeːʋ(ə)bʱuːmiː ˈmɑːtɾ(ɪ)bʱuːmiː|pron}}; {{lit|Uttarakhand, O Sacred Motherland of Gods}}}} is the official [[List of Indian state songs|state song]] of the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Uttarakhand]]. The lyrics were written by [[Hemant Bisht]], with music by the noted Uttarakhandi folk musician [[Narendra Singh Negi]].

This song is [[trilingual]] with first three of its seven verses written in [[Hindi]], while the last four verses are written in [[Garhwali language|Garhwali]] and [[Kumaoni language|Kumaoni]] languages.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kunwar|first=Darshan|title=Now Uttarakhand Will Sing Its Own Official Song|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/Now-Ukhand-will-sing-its-official-song/articleshow/50882569.cms|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=6 February 2016}}</ref>

The song is a [[hymn]], praising Uttarakhand as a divine motherland. The theme is set to reflect the geography, ecology, fauna and flora, culture, festivals, music, cuisine, arts, and lifestyle of the people of Uttarakhand.

==Background==
In July 2015, a six-member State Song Selection Committee chaired by Laxman Singh Bisht 'Batrohi' was constituted by the Department of Culture of [[Government of Uttarakhand|Uttarakhand Government]] for the selection of state song. At the selection committee's sixth meet on 19 January 2016, the song ''Uttarakhand Devabhumi Matribhumi'' penned by Hemant Bisht, a lecturer of Biology at the Government Inter College, Nainital was finally selected as the official state song among 203 entries it received from all-over India.
On 6 February 2016, the song was approved and adopted by the [[Uttarakhand Council of Ministers]] headed by then [[Chief Minister of Uttarakhand]] [[Harish Rawat]], as the official state song of Uttarakhand.<ref>{{cite news|title=हेमन्त बिष्ट ने लिखा उत्तराखण्ड राज्यगीत|lang=Hindi|url=https://www.amarujala.com/dehradun/hemant-bisht-write-uttarakhand-state-song-hindi-news|newspaper=[[Amar Ujala]]|date=20 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Song Written By A Govt School Teacher Becomes State Song|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2016/state-editions/song-written-by-a-govt-school-teacher-becomes-state-song.html|publisher=[[Daily Pioneer]]|date=20 January 2016|access-date=12 November 2018|archive-date=24 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324110732/https://www.dailypioneer.com/2016/state-editions/song-written-by-a-govt-school-teacher-becomes-state-song.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Hemant Bisht's Lyrics Is State Song|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/mobi/news/uttarakhand/community/hemant-bisht-s-lyric-is-state-song/192841.html|newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|date=7 February 2016}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Lyrics==
<div style="overflow-x:auto;">
{|
![[Hindi]] original<ref>{{cite web|title=Uttarakhand State Song|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mpxQWbJGtAk|publisher=Uttarakhand Post ([[YouTube]])|date=11 February 2016}}</ref>!![[Indian English|English]] translation
|- style="text-align:center; white-space:nowrap;"
|
{|class="wikitable"
![[Devanagari]]
![[Devanagari transliteration]]
![[Help:IPA/Hindi|IPA]] [[Phonetic transcription|transcription]]
|- style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap;"
|<poem lang=hi>उत्तराखण्ड देवभूमि मातृभूमि शत शत वन्दन अभिनन्दन,
दर्शन संस्कृति धर्म साधना श्रम रंजित तेरा कण-कण।
अभिनन्दन! अभिनन्दन!
उत्तराखण्ड देवभूमि मातृभूमि शत शत वन्दन अभिनन्दन॥

गंगा यमुना तेरा आँचल दिव्य हिमालय तेरा शीष
सब धर्मों की छाया तुझ पर चार धाम देते आशीष,
श्रीबद्री केदारनाथ हैं कलियर हेमकुण्ड अतिपावन।
अभिनन्दन! अभिनन्दन!
उत्तराखण्ड देवभूमि मातृभूमि शत शत वन्दन अभिनन्दन॥

अमर शहीदों की धरती है थाती वीर जवानों की
आन्दोलनों की जननी है ये कर्मभूमि बलिदानों की,
फूले-फले तेरा यश वैभव तुझ पर अर्पित है तन-मन।
अभिनन्दन! अभिनन्दन!
उत्तराखण्ड देवभूमि मातृभूमि शत शत वन्दन अभिनन्दन॥

रँगीली घाटी शौकों की याँ मडुवा झुँगरा भट अन-धन
ताल थाल बुग्याल गिली चर बून तराई भाबर बण,
भाँति-भाँति लगै गुँजर हैं चाहीं फिर लै उठास भरी छ मन।
अभिनन्दन! अभिनन्दन!
उत्तराखण्ड देवभूमि मातृभूमि शत शत वन्दन अभिनन्दन॥

गौड़ी भैंस्यूँन गुँजता गोठ्यार ऐपण सज्या हर घर हर द्वार
आम धाण की धुरी बेटी-ब्वारी कला प्राण छन शिल्पकार,
बण पुँगड़ा सेरा पन्द्रों मा बँटणा छन सुख-दुख सँग-सँग।
अभिनन्दन! अभिनन्दन!
उत्तराखण्ड देवभूमि मातृभूमि शत शत वन्दन अभिनन्दन॥

कस्तूरी मृग ब्रह्म कमल है भ्योंली बुराँस घुघुति मोनाल
ढोल नगाड़े दमुआ हुड़का रणसिंघा मुरुली सुर-ताल,
जागर हार में थड्या झुमैलो झ्वड़ा छपेली पाण्डव नर्तन।
अभिनन्दन! अभिनन्दन!
उत्तराखण्ड देवभूमि मातृभूमि शत शत वन्दन अभिनन्दन॥

कुम्भ हरेला बसन्त फुल देई उतरिणी कौथिग नन्दा जात
सुमन केसरी जीतू माधो चन्द्र सिंह वीरों की थात,
जियारानी तीलू रौतेली गौरा पर गर्वित जन-जन।
अभिनन्दन! अभिनन्दन!
𝄆 उत्तराखण्ड देवभूमि मातृभूमि शत शत वन्दन अभिनन्दन॥ 𝄇</poem>
|<poem>{{lang|hi-latn|Uttarākhaṇḍ devabhūmi mātŕbhūmi śat-śat vandan abhinandan
Darśan sanskŕti dharm sādhanā śram ranjit terā kaṇ-kaṇ.
Abhinandan! Abhinandan!
Uttarākhaṇḍ devabhūmi mātŕbhūmi śat-śat vandan abhinandan.

Gangā yamunā terā añcal divya himālay terā śiṣ
Sab dharmoñ kī chāya tujh par cār dhām dete āśīṣ,
Śrībadrī kedāranāth hãi kaliyar hemakuṇḍ atipāvan.
Abhinandan! Abhinandan!
Uttarākhaṇḍ devabhūmi mātŕbhūmi śat-śat vandan abhinandan.

Amar śahīdoñ kī dharati hai thātī vīr javānoñ kī
Āndolanoñ kī janani hai ye karmabhūmi balidānoñ kī,
Phūle-phale ter yaś vaibhav tujh par arpit hai tan-man.
Abhinandan! Abhinandan!
Uttarākhaṇḍ devabhūmi mātŕbhūmi śat-śat vandan abhinandan.

Rangīlī ghāṭī śaukoñ kī yañ maḍuva jhungarā bhaṭ an-dhan
Tāl thāl bugyāl gilī car būn tarāī bhābar baṇ,
Bhañti-bhañti lagai gunjar hāi cāhiñ phir lai uṭhās bharī cha man.
Abhinandan! Abhinandan!
Uttarākhaṇḍ devabhūmi mātŕbhūmi śat-śat vandan abhinandan.

Gauṛī bhaiñsyūnn gunjata goṭhyār aipaṇ sajya har ghar har dvār
Ām dhāṇ kī dhurī beṭī-bvārī kala prāṇ chan śilpakār,
Baṇ pungaṛa sera pandroñ ma banṭaṇa chan sukh-dukh sang-sang.
Abhinandan! Abhinandan!
Uttarākhaṇḍ devabhūmi mātŕbhūmi śat-śat vandan abhinandan.

Kastūrī mrig brahm kamal hai bhyoñlī burañs ghughutī monāl
ḍhol nagāṛe damuā huṛakā raṇasinghā murulī sur-tāl,
Jāgar hār meñ thaḍya jhumailo jhvaṛa chapelī pānḍav nartan.
Abhinandan! Abhinandan!
Uttarākhaṇḍ devabhūmi mātŕbhūmi śat-śat vandan abhinandan.

Kumbh harelă basant phul deī utariṇī kauthig nanda jāt
Sumana kesarī jītū mādho candra singh vīroñ kī thāt,
Jiyārānī tīlū rautelī gaurā par garvit jan-jan.
Abhinandan! Abhinandan!
𝄆 Uttarākhaṇḍ devabhūmi mātŕbhūmi śat-śat vandan abhinandan. 𝄇|italic=no}}</poem>
|<poem>{{IPA|wrap=none|[ʊt̪̚.t̪ɐ.ɾa̠ː.kʰɐ̃ɳɖ d̪eː.ʋɐ.bʱũː.miː ma̠ː.t̪ɾɪ.bʱũː.miː ʃɐt̪ ʃɐt̪ ʋɐ̃n̪.d̪ɐ̃n ɐ.bʱɪ̃.nɐ̃n̪.d̪ɐ̃n]
[d̪ɐɾ.ʃɐ̃n sɐ̃n.skɾɪ.t̪iː d̪ʱɐɾm sa̠ː.d̪ʱɐ̃.na̠ː ʃɾɐ̃m rɐ̃n.d͡ʒɪt̪ t̪eː.ɾa̠ː kɐ̃ɳ kɐ̃ɳ {{!}}]
[ɐ.bʱɪ̃.nɐ̃n̪.d̪ɐ̃n {{!}} ɐ.bʱɪ̃.nɐ̃n̪.d̪ɐ̃n ‖]
[ʊt̪̚.t̪ɐ.ɾa̠ː.kʰɐ̃ɳɖ d̪eː.ʋɐ.bʱũː.miː ma̠ː.t̪ɾɪ.bʱũː.miː ʃɐt̪ ʃɐt̪ ʋɐ̃n̪.d̪ɐ̃n ɐ.bʱɪ̃.nɐ̃n̪.d̪ɐ̃n ‖]

[gɐ̃ŋ.ga̠ː jɐ̃.mʊ̃.na̠ː t̪eː.ɾa̠ː ã̠ː.t͡ʃɐl d̪ɪʋ.jᵊ ɦɪ̃.ma̠ː.lɐj t̪eː.ɾa̠ː ʃɪʂ]
[sɐb d̪ʱɐɾ.mõː kiː t͡ʃʰa̠ː.ja̠ː t̪ʊd͡ʒʱ pɐɾ t͡ʃa̠ːɾ d̪ʱã̠ːm d̪eː.t̪eː a̠ː.ʃiːʂ {{!}}]
[ʃɾiː.bɐ.d̪ɾiː keː.d̪aː.ɾɐ̃.na̠ːt̪ʰ ɦɛ̃ː kɐ.lɪ.jɐɾ ɦẽː.mɐ.kʊɳɖ ɐ.t̪ɪ.pa̠ː.ʋɐ̃n ‖]
[ɐ.bʱɪ̃.nɐ̃n̪.d̪ɐ̃n {{!}} ɐ.bʱɪ̃.nɐ̃n̪.d̪ɐ̃n ‖]
[ʊt̪̚.t̪ɐ.ɾa̠ː.kʰɐ̃ɳɖ d̪eː.ʋɐ.bʱũː.miː ma̠ː.t̪ɾɪ.bʱũː.miː ʃɐt̪ ʃɐt̪ ʋɐ̃n̪.d̪ɐ̃n ɐ.bʱɪ̃.nɐ̃n̪.d̪ɐ̃n ‖]

[ɐ̃.mɐɾ ʃɐ.ɦiː.d̪õː kiː d̪ʱɐ.ɾɐ.t̪iː ɦɛː t̪ʰa̠ː.t̪iː ʋiːɾ d͡ʒɐ.ʋã̠ː.nõː kiː]
[ɐ̃n̪.d̪oː.lɐ̃.nõː kiː d͡ʒɐ̃.nɐ̃.niː ɦɛː jeː kɐɾ.mɐ.bʱũː.miː bɐ.lɪ̃.d̪a̠ː nõː.kiː {{!}}]
[pʰuː.leː pʰɐ.leː t̪eːɾ jɐʃ ʋɛː.bʱɐʋ t̪ʊd͡ʒʱ pɐɾ ɐɾ.pɪt̪ ɦɛː t̪ɐ̃n mɐ̃n ‖]
[ɐ.bʱɪ̃.nɐ̃n̪.d̪ɐ̃n {{!}} ɐ.bʱɪ̃.nɐ̃n̪.d̪ɐ̃n ‖]
[ʊt̪̚.t̪ɐ.ɾa̠ː.kʰɐ̃ɳɖ d̪eː.ʋɐ.bʱũː.miː ma̠ː.t̪ɾɪ.bʱũː.miː ʃɐt̪ ʃɐt̪ ʋɐ̃n̪.d̪ɐ̃n ɐ.bʱɪ̃.nɐ̃n̪.d̪ɐ̃n ‖]

[rɐ̃ŋ.giː.liː gʱa̠ː.ʈiː ʃɔː.kõː kiː jã̠ː mɐ.ɖʊ.ʋa̠ː d͡ʒʱʊ̃ŋ.gɐ.ɾa̠ː bʱɐʈ ɐ̃n d̪ʱɐ̃n]
[t̪a̠ːl t̪ʰa̠ːl bʊg.ja̠ːl gɪ.liː t͡ʃɐɾ bũːn t̪ə.ɾa̠ː.iː bʱa̠ː.bɐɾ bɐ̃ɳ {{!}}]
[bʱã̠ː.t̪iː bʱã̠ː.t̪iː la̠ː.gɛː gʊ̃n.d͡ʒɐɾ ɦɛː t͡ʃa̠ː.ɦĩː pʰɪɾ lɛː ʊ.ʈʰa̠ːs bʱɐ.ɾiː t͡ʃʰɐ mɐ̃n ‖]
[ɐ.bʱɪ̃.nɐ̃n̪.d̪ɐ̃n {{!}} ɐ.bʱɪ̃.nɐ̃n̪.d̪ɐ̃n ‖]
[ʊt̪̚.t̪ɐ.ɾa̠ː.kʰɐ̃ɳɖ d̪eː.ʋɐ.bʱũː.miː ma̠ː.t̪ɾɪ.bʱũː.miː ʃɐt̪ ʃɐt̪ ʋɐ̃n̪.d̪ɐ̃n ɐ.bʱɪ̃.nɐ̃n̪.d̪ɐ̃n ‖]

[gɔː.ɽiː bʱɛ̃ː.sjũːn gʊ̃n.d͡ʒɐt̪ goːʈʰ.ja̠ːɾ ɛ.pɐ̃ɳ sɐd͡ʒ.jᵊ ɦɐɾ gʱɐɾ ɦɐɾ d̪ʋa̠ːɾ]
[ã̠ːm d̪ʱã̠ːɳ kiː d̪ʱʊ.ɾiː beː.ʈiː bʋa̠ː.ɾiː kɐ.la̠ː pɾã̠ːɳ t͡ʃʰɐ̃n ʃɪl.pɐ.ka̠ːɾ {{!}}]
[bɐ̃ɳ pʊ̃ŋ.gɐ.ɽa̠ː seː.ɾa̠ː pɐ̃n̪.d̪ɾõː mɐ bɐ̃ɳ.ʈɐ̃.ɳa̠ː t͡ʃʰɐ̃n sʊkʰ d̪ʊkʰ sɐ̃ŋg sɐ̃ŋg ‖]
[ɐ.bʱɪ̃.nɐ̃n̪.d̪ɐ̃n {{!}} ɐ.bʱɪ̃.nɐ̃n̪.d̪ɐ̃n ‖]
[ʊt̪̚.t̪ɐ.ɾa̠ː.kʰɐ̃ɳɖ d̪eː.ʋɐ.bʱũː.miː ma̠ː.t̪ɾɪ.bʱũː.miː ʃɐt̪ ʃɐt̪ ʋɐ̃n̪.d̪ɐ̃n ɐ.bʱɪ̃.nɐ̃n̪.d̪ɐ̃n ‖]

[kɐs.t̪uː.ɾiː mᵊ.ɾɪg bɾɛɦ.mᵊ kɐ̃.mɐl ɦɛː bʱjõː.liː bʊ.ɾãːs gʱʊ.gʱʊ.t̪iː mõː.na̠ːl]
[ɖʱoːl nɐ.ga̠ː.ɽeː d̪ɐ̃.muː.a̠ː ɦʊ.ɽɐ.ka̠ː rɐ̃.ɳɐ.sɪ̃ŋ.gʱa̠ː mʊ.ɾʊ.liː sʊɾ t̪a̠ːl {{!}}]
[d͡ʒa̠ː.gɐɾ ɦa̠ːɾ mẽː t̪ʰɐɖ.ja̠ː d͡ʒʱʊ̃.mɛː.loː d͡ʒʱʋɐ.ɽa̠ː t͡ʃʰɐ.peː.liː pã̠ːɳ.ɖɐʋ nɐɾ.t̪ɐ̃n ‖]
[ɐ.bʱɪ̃.nɐ̃n̪.d̪ɐ̃n {{!}} ɐ.bʱɪ̃.nɐ̃n̪.d̪ɐ̃n ‖]
[ʊt̪̚.t̪ɐ.ɾa̠ː.kʰɐ̃ɳɖ d̪eː.ʋɐ.bʱũː.miː ma̠ː.t̪ɾɪ.bʱũː.miː ʃɐt̪ ʃɐt̪ ʋɐ̃n̪.d̪ɐ̃n ɐ.bʱɪ̃.nɐ̃n̪.d̪ɐ̃n ‖]

[kʊ̃mbʱ ɦɐ.ɾeː.la̠ː bɐ.sɐ̠̃n̪.t̪ᵊ pʰʊl d̪eː.iː ʊ.t̪ɐ.ɾɪ.ɳiː kɔː.t̪ʰɪg nɐ̃n̪.d̪a̠ː d͡ʒa̠ːt̪]
[sʊ̃.mɐ̃.na̠ː keː.sɐ.ɾiː d͡ʒiː.t̪uː ma̠ː.d̪ʱoː t͡ʃɐ̃n̪.d̪ɾᵊ sɪ̃ŋɡʱ ʋiː.ɾõː kiː t̪ʰa̠ːt̪ {{!}}]
[d͡ʒɪ.ja̠ː.ɾã̠ː.niː t̪iː.luː rɔː.t̪eː.liː gɔː.ɾa̠ː pɐɾ gɐɾ.ʋɪt̪ d͡ʒã̠ːn d͡ʒã̠ːn ‖]
[ɐ.bʱɪ̃.nɐ̃n̪.d̪ɐ̃n {{!}} ɐ.bʱɪ̃.nɐ̃n̪.d̪ɐ̃n ‖]
𝄆 [ʊt̪̚.t̪ɐ.ɾa̠ː.kʰɐ̃ɳɖ d̪eː.ʋɐ.bʱũː.miː ma̠ː.t̪ɾɪ.bʱũː.miː ʃɐt̪ ʃɐt̪ ʋɐ̃n̪.d̪ɐ̃n ɐ.bʱɪ̃.nɐ̃n̪.d̪ɐ̃n ‖] 𝄇}}</poem>
|}
|<poem>Uttarakhand, o sacred motherland of gods, may thou be praised and greeted a hundredfold!
Land of [[dharma]], [[Sādhanā|sadhana]], [[Culture of India|culture]] and [[Indian philosophy|philosophy]], all painted in industry!
Be thou greeted! Be thou greeted!
Uttarakhand, o sacred motherland of gods, be thou praised and greeted a hundredfold!

[[Ganges|Ganga]] and [[Yamuna]] are thy bosoms, divine the [[Himalayas|Himalaya]] is thy head.
Having presence of all religions, the [[Chota Char Dham|Char Dhams]] render thou blessed.
[[Badrinath]], [[Kedarnath]], [[Piran Kaliyar Sharif|Kaliyar]] and [[Hemkund]] are the places most holy.
Be thou greeted! Be thou greeted!
Uttarakhand, o sacred motherland of gods, be thou praised and greeted a hundredfold!

'Tis the land of martyrs, heritage of braves, 'tis the mother of revolutions, soil of sacrifices!
May thy glory and splendour blossom, to thee my body and mind are devoted!
Be thou greeted! Be thou greeted!
Uttarakhand, o sacred motherland of gods, be thou praised and greeted a hundredfold!

Delightful valleys of [[Shauka]]s, where maduwa, jhangora, bhat and [[grains]] grow plentifully.
[[Lakes of Kumaon hills|Lakes]], [[List of mountain peaks of Uttarakhand|hills]], [[Bugyal|meadows]], [[Sacred groves of India|groves]] of [[Terai]] and [[Bhabar]] filled with great beauty!
Chirps from birds of every kind render my heart filled with glee!
Be thou greeted! Be thou greeted!
Uttarakhand, o sacred motherland of gods, be thou praised and greeted a hundredfold!

Barns of cows and buffaloes abuzz, every house and door adorned in aipan.
Women are the axis of industry, the soul of arts lieth in craftsmen.
We share our pleasures and pains in woods, farms, homes and fields, all equally.
Be thou greeted! Be thou greeted!
Uttarakhand, o sacred motherland of gods, be thou praised and greeted a hundredfold!

[[Alpine musk deer|Musk deer]], [[Brahma Kamal]], lovely are the [[Burans]], [[Ghughuti]] and [[Himalayan Monal|Monals]].
[[Dhol]], [[Nagara (drum)|nagara]], [[damau]], hurka, [[ransingha]], [[flute]] and [[Music of Uttarakhand|chorals]].
Invoked are thadya and jhumaila in [[Jagar (ritual)|jagar]], [[Pandav Lila|pandav]], jhora and chhapeli.
Be thou greeted! Be thou greeted!
Uttarakhand, o sacred motherland of gods, be thou praised and greeted a hundredfold!

[[Haridwar Kumbh Mela|Kumbh]], [[Harela]], [[Vasant Panchami|Basant]], Phul Dei, [[Makar Sankranti|Uttarayani]], [[Kartik Purnima|Kauthig]], [[Nanda Devi Raj Jat|Nanda Jat]] are the feasts and lores.
[[Sri Dev Suman|Suman]], [[Badri Datt Pandey|Kesari]], Jitu, Madho, Chandra Singh, our tradition of great heroes.
[[Tilu Rauteli]] reigneth our hearts and [[Gaura Devi]] remaineth the pride of peoples.
Be thou greeted! Be thou greeted!
𝄆 Uttarakhand, o sacred motherland of gods, be thou praised and greeted a hundredfold! 𝄇</poem>
|}</div>

==See also==
*[[Emblem of Uttarakhand]]
*[[List of Uttarakhand state symbols]]
*[[Music of Uttarakhand]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mpxQWbJGtAk Uttarakhand Devabhumi Matribhumi]

{{Uttarakhand}}
{{Symbols of Uttarakhand}}
{{Indian state songs}}
{{National anthems of Asia}}

[[Category:Indian state anthems]]
[[Category:Symbols of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:2016 songs]]
[[Category:Macaronic songs]]
[[Category:Songs in Hindi]]

Theism

2026-03-21T15:54:00Z

StaciWinslow: reworked section and improved wording

{{Short description|Belief in the existence of at least one deity}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Expert needed|religion|reason=to prune redundant content and deal with large tracts of [[WP:UNSOURCED|unsourced]] and unverified text and [[WP:ITA|in-text]] lists|date=September 2022}}
{{Religion sidebar|expanded = schools}}

[[File:Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_Bibel_in_Bildern_1860_001.png|thumb|[[God the Father]] depicted by [[Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld]] in 1860]]
'''Theism''' is broadly defined as the [[belief]] in the existence of at least one [[deity]].<ref>[https://www.dictionary.com/browse/theism? "theism"], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212143951/http://www.dictionary.com/browse/theism |date=12 December 2021 }} ''Dictionary.com''. Retrieved 21 October 2016.</ref><ref>[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/theism "theism,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514194441/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/theism |date=14 May 2011 }} ''Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary''. Retrieved 18 March 2011.</ref> In common parlance, or when contrasted with ''[[deism]]'', the term often describes the philosophical conception of [[God]] that is found in [[classical theism]]—or the conception found in [[monotheism]]—or [[gods]] found in [[Polytheism|polytheistic]] religions—or a belief in God or gods without the rejection of [[revelation]], as is characteristic of deism.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/theism?s=t |title=Dictionary.com Online Dictionary |access-date=21 October 2016 |archive-date=16 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216052754/https://www.dictionary.com/browse/theism?s=t |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/deism?s=t |title=Dictionary.com Online Dictionary |access-date=23 November 2016 |archive-date=16 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216052745/https://www.dictionary.com/browse/deism?s=t |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Nontheism|Non-theism]] and [[atheism]] is commonly understood as non-acceptance or outright rejection of theism in the broadest sense of the term (i.e., non-acceptance or rejection of belief in God or gods).<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |first=Kai |last=Nielsen |author-link=Kai Nielsen (philosopher) |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |title=Atheism |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/40634/atheism |year=2010 |access-date=26 January 2011 |quote=Atheism, in general, the critique and denial of metaphysical beliefs in God or spiritual beings.... Instead of saying that an atheist is someone who believes that it is false or probably false that there is a God, a more adequate characterization of atheism consists in the more complex claim that to be an atheist is to be someone who rejects belief in God for the following reasons (which reason is stressed depends on how God is being conceived)...}}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Atheism |first=Paul |last=Edwards |author-link=Paul Edwards (philosopher) |publisher=MacMillan Reference USA (Gale)|editor=Donald M. Borchert |orig-year=1967 |year=2005 |edition=2nd |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia of Philosophy|The Encyclopedia of Philosophy]] |volume=1 |page=359 |isbn=9780028657806 |quote=On our definition, an 'atheist' is a person who rejects belief in God, regardless of whether or not his reason for the rejection is the claim that 'God exists' expresses a false proposition. People frequently adopt an attitude of rejection toward a position for reasons other than that it is a false proposition. It is common among contemporary philosophers, and indeed it was not uncommon in earlier centuries, to reject positions on the ground that they are meaningless. Sometimes, too, a theory is rejected on such grounds as that it is sterile or redundant or capricious, and there are many other considerations which in certain contexts are generally agreed to constitute good grounds for rejecting an assertion.}}(page 175 in 1967 edition)</ref> Related (but separate) is the claim that the existence of any deity is unknown or unknowable; a stance known as [[agnosticism]].<ref name="Hepburn">{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Agnosticism|first=Ronald W.|last=Hepburn|publisher=MacMillan Reference USA (Gale)|editor=Donald M. Borchert|orig-year=1967|year=2005|edition=2nd|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia of Philosophy|The Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]|volume=1|page=92|isbn=9780028657806|quote=In the most general use of the term, agnosticism is the view that we do not know whether there is a God or not.}}(page 56 in 1967 edition)</ref><ref name="RoweRoutledge">{{cite encyclopedia| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VQ-GhVWTH84C&pg=PA122 |title=Agnosticism|first=William L.|last=Rowe|author-link=William L. Rowe|encyclopedia=[[Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]|isbn=978-0-415-07310-3|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=1998|editor=Edward Craig|quote=In the popular sense, an agnostic is someone who neither believes nor disbelieves in God, whereas an atheist disbelieves in God. In the strict sense, however, agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist. In so far as one holds that our beliefs are rational only if they are sufficiently supported by human reason, the person who accepts the philosophical position of agnosticism will hold that neither the belief that God exists nor the belief that God does not exist is purely rational.}}</ref>
''Agnostic theism'' is a personal belief in one or more deities along with acceptance that the existence or non-existence of the deity or deities is fundamentally unknowable.

A 2020 ''Philpapers'' survey of professional philosophers found that 66.72% accepted or leaned towards atheism, 18.64% accepted or leaned towards theism, and 14.64% leaned towards another opinion.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=PhilPapers Survey 2020 |url=https://survey2020.philpeople.org/survey/results/4842 |access-date=2025-05-22 |website=survey2020.philpeople.org}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The term ''theism'' derives from the Greek {{lang|grk|θεός}}<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Theism |volume=26 |page=744 |first=Robert |last=Mackintosh }}</ref> (''theós'') or ''theoi'' meaning 'god' or 'gods'. The term ''theism'' was first used by [[Ralph Cudworth]] (1617–1688).<ref>
{{cite book|last=Halsey|first=William|author2=Robert H. Blackburn |author3=Sir Frank Francis | title =Collier's Encyclopedia|editor=Louis Shores|publisher=Crowell-Collier Educational Corporation|year=1969| edition =20|volume=22|pages=266–7|editor-link=Louis Shores}}
</ref> In Cudworth's definition, they are "strictly and properly called Theists, who affirm that a perfectly conscious understanding being, or mind, existing of itself from eternity, was the cause of all other things".<ref>Cudworth, Ralph (1678). ''The True Intellectual System of the Universe, Vol. I''. New York: Gould & Newman, 1837, p. 267.</ref>

==Types of theism==

=== Classical theism ===
{{Main|Classical theism}}
Classical theism is the form of theism that describes God as the Absolute Being. Central insights of classical theistic [[theology]] includes [[emanationism]] and [[divine simplicity]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Feser |first=Edward |title=Five Proofs of the Existence of God |publisher=IGNATIUS PRESS |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-62164-133-9 |location=San Francisco |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last=[[David Bentley Hart|Hart]] |first=David Bentley |title=The Experience of God: Being, Consciousness, Bliss |date=September 24, 2013 |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] }}</ref> Classical theistic traditions can be observed in major religions and philosophies, such as [[Sufism]] in [[Islam]], [[Vaishnavism]] in [[Hinduism]], [[Sikhism]] in general, and [[Platonism]].

===Monotheism===
{{Main|Monotheism}}
Monotheism (from [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] {{lang|grc|[[:wikt:μόνος|μόνος]]}}) is the belief in theology that only one [[deity]] exists.<ref>"Monotheism", in Britannica, 15th ed. (1986), 8:266.</ref> Some modern day [[Monotheism|monotheistic]] religions include [[Christianity]], [[Judaism]], [[Islam]], [[Mandaeism]], [[Druzism|Druze]], [[Baháʼí Faith]], [[Sikhism]], [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Rastafari]], some sects of [[Hinduism]], and [[Eckankar]].

===Polytheism===
{{Main|Polytheism}}
[[Polytheism]] is the belief in multiple [[deity|deities]], which are usually assembled into a [[pantheon (religion)|pantheon]], along with their own [[religious sect]]s and [[ritual]]s. Polytheism was the typical form of religion before the development and spread of the [[Abrahamic religions]] of [[Judaism]], [[Christianity]], and [[Islam]], which enforce monotheism. It is well documented throughout history; from [[prehistory]] and the earliest records of [[ancient Egyptian religion]] and [[ancient Mesopotamian religion]] to the religions prevalent during [[Classical antiquity]], such as [[ancient Greek religion]] and [[ancient Roman religion]], and in [[ethnic religions]] such as [[Germanic paganism|Germanic]], [[Slavic paganism|Slavic]], and [[Baltic mythology|Baltic paganism]] and [[Native American religion]]s.

Notable polytheistic religions practiced today include [[Taoism]], [[Chinese folk religion]], Japanese [[Shinto]], [[Santería]], most [[traditional African religions]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kimmerle|first=Heinz|date=11 April 2006|title=The world of spirits and the respect for nature: towards a new appreciation of animism|journal=The Journal for Transdisciplinary Research in Southern Africa|language=en-US|volume=2|issue=2|pages=15|doi=10.4102/td.v2i2.277|issn=2415-2005|doi-access=free}}</ref> and various [[modern Paganism|neopagan]] faiths such as [[Wicca]], [[Druidry (modern)|Druidry]], [[Romuva (religion)|Romuva]], and [[Hellenism (modern religion)|Hellenism]]. [[Hinduism]], while popularly held as polytheistic, cannot be exclusively categorised as such as some Hindus consider themselves to be [[pantheists]] and others consider themselves to be monotheists. Both are compatible with Hindu texts since there exists no consensus of standardisation in the faith. Advaita Vedanta, a philosophy in Hinduism, offers a combination of monotheism and polytheism, holding that [[Brahman]] is the sole ''ultimate reality'' of the universe, yet unity with it can be reached by worshipping multiple Devas and Devies.

A major division in modern polytheistic practices is between so-called ''soft'' polytheism and ''hard'' polytheism.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://digilib.phil.muni.cz/handle/11222.digilib/138049|title=Modern Pagan religious conversion revisited|last=Galtsin|first=Dmitry|date=21 June 2018|journal=Sacra|volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=7–17 |access-date=5 February 2019|archive-date=7 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207015038/https://digilib.phil.muni.cz/handle/11222.digilib/138049|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite book|title=Seeking the mystery : an introduction to Pagan theologies|last=Hoff|first=Kraemer, Christine|date=2012|publisher=Patheos Press|isbn=9781939221186|location=Englewood, CO|oclc=855412257}}</ref> "Soft" polytheism is the belief that different gods may be [[Jungian archetypes|psychological archetypes]], personifications of natural forces, or fundamentally one deity in different cultural contexts (e.g., [[Odin]], [[Zeus]], and [[Indra]] all being the same god as interpreted by Germanic, Greek, and Indic peoples, respectively)—known as [[wiktionary:omnitheism|omnitheism]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Negedu|first=I. A.|date=1 January 2014|title=The Igala traditional religious belief system: Between monotheism and polytheism|url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/og/article/view/109609|journal=OGIRISI: A New Journal of African Studies|language=en|volume=10|issue=1|pages=116–129|issn=1597-474X|doi=10.4314/og.v10i1.7|doi-access=free|access-date=24 February 2023|archive-date=24 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224223707/https://www.ajol.info/index.php/og/article/view/109609|url-status=live}}</ref> In this way, gods may be interchangeable for one another across cultures.<ref name=":0" /> "Hard" polytheism is the belief that gods are distinct, separate, real divine beings rather than psychological archetypes or personifications of natural forces. Hard polytheists reject the idea that "all gods are one essential god" and may also [[Religious exclusivism|reject the existence of gods outside their own pantheon altogether]].<ref name=":0" />

Polytheism is further divided according to how the individual deities are regarded:

; [[Henotheism]]: Henotheism is the belief that there may be more than one deity but only one of them is to be worshiped. [[Zoroastrianism]] is sometimes considered an example.
; [[Kathenotheism]]: Kathenotheism is the belief that there is more than one deity, but only one deity is worshiped at a time (or ever) and another may be worthy of worship in another time or place. If they are worshiped one at a time, then each is supreme in turn.
; [[Monolatrism]]: Monolatrism is the belief that there may be more than one deity but only one is worthy of being worshiped. Most of the modern [[monotheistic]] religions may have begun as monolatrous ones, but this is disputed.{{Citation needed|date=February 2018}}

[[File:Spinoza.jpg|thumb|160px|The philosophy of Baruch Spinoza is often regarded as pantheist.<ref name=Picton>{{cite book|last=Picton|first=James Allanson|title=Pantheism: its story and significance|year=1905|publisher=Archibald Constable & CO LTD.|location=Chicago|isbn=978-1419140082|url=https://archive.org/details/pantheismitsstor00pictrich}}</ref><ref>*Fraser, Alexander Campbell "Philosophy of Theism", William Blackwood and Sons, 1895, p 163.</ref>]]

===Pantheism===
{{Main|Pantheism}}
Pantheism is the belief that [[reality]], the [[universe]] and the [[cosmos]] are identical to [[divinity]] and a [[Creator deity|supreme being]] or entity. Pointing to the universe as being an [[Immanence|immanent]] [[creator deity]] in and of itself, the deity is understood as still expanding, creating, and eternal,<ref>{{cite book |title=The New [[Oxford Dictionary of English]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press|Clarendon Press]] |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-19-861263-6 |location=Oxford |page=1341}} "The term 'pantheist' designates one who holds both that everything constitutes a unity and that this unity is divine."</ref> or that [[Everything|all things]] compose an all-encompassing, immanent god or goddess that is manifested as the universe.<ref name="Edwards">{{Cite book|title = Encyclopedia of Philosophy ed. Paul Edwards |publisher=Macmillan and Free Press |year = 1967 |location = New York|page=34}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Reid-Bowen|first=Paul|title=Goddess as Nature: Towards a Philosophical Thealogy|page=70|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|date=15 April 2016|isbn=9781317126348}}</ref> As such, even [[astronomical object]]s are viewed as part of the sole deity. The worship of all gods of every religion has been conceived as a form of pantheism, but such a system is more akin to [[Omnism]].<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pantheism| title=Definition of Pantheism| access-date=24 February 2023| archive-date=3 November 2022| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103001704/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pantheism| url-status=live}}</ref>
Pantheist [[Belief#Religious belief|belief]] does not recognize a distinct [[personal god]],<ref>{{cite book |title=A Companion to Philosophy of Religion |editor1=Charles Taliaferro |editor2=Paul Draper |editor3=Philip L. Quinn |page=340 |quote=They deny that God is "totally other" than the world or ontologically distinct from it.}}</ref> [[anthropomorphic]] or otherwise, but instead characterizes a broad range of doctrines differing in forms of relationships between reality and divinity.<ref name="LevineDetailed">{{citation |last=Levine |first=Michael |title=Pantheism: A Non-Theistic Concept of Deity |publisher=Psychology Press |date=1994 |isbn=9780415070645 |pages=44, 274–275}}:

* "The idea that Unity that is rooted in nature is what types of nature mysticism (e.g. Wordsworth, Robinson Jeffers, Gary Snyder) have in common with more philosophically robust versions of pantheism. It is why nature mysticism and philosophical pantheism are often conflated and confused for one another."
* "[Wood's] pantheism is distant from Spinoza's identification of God with nature, and much closer to nature mysticism. In fact it is nature mysticism."
* "Nature mysticism, however, is as compatible with theism as it is with pantheism."</ref> Pantheistic concepts date back thousands of years, and pantheistic elements have been identified in various religious traditions. The term ''pantheism'' was coined by mathematician [[Joseph Raphson]] in 1697,<ref name="Taylor">{{cite book|last1=Taylor|first1=Bron|title=Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature|date=2008|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1441122780|pages=1341–1342|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i4mvAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1342|access-date=27 July 2017}}</ref><ref name=Thomson>Ann Thomson; Bodies of Thought: Science, Religion, and the Soul in the Early Enlightenment, 2008, page 54.</ref> and since then has been used to describe the beliefs of a variety of individuals and organizations. Pantheism was popularized in [[Western culture]] as a [[theology]] and philosophy based on the work of the 17th-century philosopher [[Baruch Spinoza]]—in particular, his book ''[[Ethics (Spinoza book)|Ethics]]''.<ref name="Genevieve Lloyd 1996">{{cite book |first=Genevieve |last=Lloyd |title=Routledge Philosophy GuideBook to Spinoza and The Ethics |series=Routledge Philosophy Guidebooks |publisher=[[Routledge]] |edition=1st |date=2 October 1996 |isbn=978-0-415-10782-2 |page=24}}</ref> A pantheistic stance was also expressed by the 16th-century by philosopher and [[Cosmology|cosmologist]] [[Giordano Bruno]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Birx |first=Jams H. |url=http://www.theharbinger.org/xvi/971111/birx.html |title=Giordano Bruno |publisher=The Harbinger |location=[[Mobile, Alabama|Mobile, AL]] |date=11 November 1997 |quote=Bruno was burned to death at the stake for his pantheistic stance and cosmic perspective. |access-date=5 February 2019 |archive-date=27 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170727101806/http://www.theharbinger.org/xvi/971111/birx.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Deism===
{{Main|Deism}}
; Classical Deism: Classical deism is the belief that one [[God]] exists and created the world, but that the Creator does not alter the original plan for the universe. Instead, the deity presides over it in the form of [[Divine providence|Providence]]; some classical deists, however, did believe in divine intervention.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20051120140834/http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/deism AskOxford: deism]</ref>
Deism typically rejects supernatural events (such as prophecies, miracles, and divine revelations) prominent in organized religion. Instead, deism holds that religious beliefs must be founded on human reason and observed features of the natural world, and that these sources reveal the existence of a supreme being as creator.<ref>{{cite book |title=Webster's New International Dictionary of the English Language |publisher=G.&C. Merriam |year=1924}}

defines deism as
: 'belief in the existence of a personal god, with disbelief in Christian teaching, or with a purely rationalistic interpretation of Scripture'.

Although Webster's lists '''deism''' as a type of ''theism'', deism is completely different from theism. If anything, theism would be an off-shoot of deism since it takes beliefs a step further to include miracles and divine revelation, with deism being the 'base' belief in (a) God.</ref>
; [[Pandeism]]: Pandeism is the belief that God preceded the universe and created it but is now equivalent with it.
; [[Polydeism]]: Polydeism is the belief that multiple gods exist but do not intervene in the universe.

===Autotheism===
{{Main|Egotheism}}
Autotheism is the belief that [[divinity]] exists within oneself and that individuals can achieve a godlike state. It is found in various philosophical and religious traditions emphasizing personal divinity or spiritual progression.

In [[Advaita Vedanta]], a Hindu philosophical school, the phrase ''[[Aham Brahmasmi|aham Brahmāsmi]] ("''I am Brahman") expresses the unity of the individual self (''[[Ātman (Hinduism)|atman]]'') with the ultimate reality (''[[Brahman]]'').<ref>{{cite book |author=Gurumayum Ranjit Sharma |year=1987 |title=The Idealistic Philosophy of Swami Vivekananda |publisher=Atlantic |page=180 |id=GGKEY:PSWXE5NTFF4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ORYOsJHi53sC&pg=PA180}}</ref>

In [[Mormonism]], the doctrine of [[Exaltation (Mormonism)|exaltation]] suggests that faithful individuals can attain godhood in the afterlife.<ref>{{cite book |last=Davies |first=Douglas J. |date=23 October 2003 |title=An Introduction to Mormonism |isbn=9780521817387 |page=79 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fw8DIziwEDsC&dq=apotheosis+mormon&pg=PA79 |via=Google Books |access-date=16 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chapter 47: Exaltation |url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/manual/gospel-principles/chapter-47-exaltation?lang=eng |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219084234/https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/manual/gospel-principles/chapter-47-exaltation?lang=eng |archive-date=December 19, 2024 |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=ChurchofJesusChrist.org |language=en}}</ref>

Autotheistic ideas also appear in [[Gnosticism]], which emphasizes self-knowledge (''gnosis'') as the path to recognizing one’s divine nature,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hans |first=Jonas |title=The Gnostic Religion: The Message of the Alien God and the Beginnings of Christianity |publisher=Beacon Press |year=2001 |isbn=0807058017 |edition=3rd}}</ref> and in Friedrich Nietzsche’s concept of the ''[[Übermensch]]'', which advocates transcending human limitations to create one’s own values.

===Value-judgment Theisms===
; Eutheism: Eutheism is the belief that a deity is wholly benevolent.
; [[Dystheism]]: [[Dystheism]] is the belief that a deity is not wholly good, and is possibly evil.
; [[Maltheism]]: [[Maltheism]] is the belief that a deity exists but is wholly malicious.
; [[Misotheism]]: [[Misotheism]] is active hatred toward and for God, gods, and/or other divine beings.

===Non-theism and atheism ===
; [[Atheism]] : [[Atheism]] is defined by most people as the belief in the non-existence of gods, goddesses, and [[messiah]]s. Some atheists express an [[Negative and positive atheism|active disbelief or rejection]] of the existence of such entities.

; [[Non-theism]]: [[Non-theism]] is the belief in no gods or god.

; [[Agnosticism]] : [[Agnosticism]] is the belief that it is not known or not knowable whether a god or gods or the supernatural are part of reality regardless of how popular theistic beliefs may be. [[Agnostics]] withhold judgement on the existence and non-existence of a god on the basis that there is not enough evidence to come to a definitive conclusion that there is a god or that there is no god'.

=== Alterity theism ===
[[Alterity]] theism is a belief that the supreme being is radically [[Transcendence (religion)|transcendent]] to the point that it cannot be recognized as having any genuine [[Existence|being]] at all.

== Academic opinions ==
A 2020 ''Philpapers'' survey of professional philosophers found that:<ref name=":1" />

* 66.72% accepted or leaned towards atheism
* 18.64% accepted or leaned towards theism
* 14.64% leaned towards another opinion

==See also==
*[[Atheism]]
*[[Antitheism]]
*[[Apeirotheism]]
*[[Āstika and nāstika]]
*[[Classical theism]]
*[[Deism]]
*[[Theistic evolution]]
*[[Gottgläubig]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Theism}}
{{Theology|god}}
{{Religion topics}}
{{Philosophy of religion}}
{{Subject bar|portal1=Philosophy|portal2=Religion|wikt=yes|wikt-search=theism|q=yes|d=yes|d-search=Q620805}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Theism| ]]

Hamsageetham (TV series)

2026-03-20T09:56:42Z

StaciWinslow: redirect created

#REDIRECT [[List of programmes broadcast by Sun Gemini]]

Akshaya College of Engineering and Technology

2026-03-20T00:34:11Z

StaciWinslow: minor edit

{{Article for deletion/dated|page=Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Cheyyar|timestamp=20260320003409|year=2026|month=March|day=20|substed=yes}}


{{Short description|College in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Akshaya College of Engineering and Technology
| native_name = அக்சயா பொறியியல் தொழில் நுட்பக்கல்லூரி
| image_size =
| image_alt = Akshaya College of Engineering and Technology
| caption =
| latin_name =
| motto = Excellence in Engineering Education
| mottoeng =
| established = 2009
| closed =
| type = Self-financed
| affiliation =
| endowment =
| budget =
| rector =
| officer_in_charge =
| chairman = T Subramaniyan
| chancellor =
| president =
| vice-president =
| superintendent =
| provost =
| vice_chancellor =
| principal = Dr. K. Sivasankari
| dean =
| director = K Thanushkodi
| head_label =
| head =
| academic_staff =
| administrative_staff =
| students =
| undergrad =
| postgrad =
| doctoral =
| other =
| city = Kinathukadavu, [[Coimbatore]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| province =
| country = India
| coordinates = {{Coord|10|48|36|N|77|0|40|E|display=it}}
| campus =
| former_names =
| free_label =
| free =
| athletics =
| colours =
| sports =
| other_name = ACET
| mascot =
| academic_affiliation = [[Anna University]]
| website = {{url|www.acetcbe.edu.in}}
| logo =
| footnotes =
| image =
| colors =
}}

'''Akshaya College of Engineering and Technology''' ([[Tamil language|Tamil]]:அக்ஷயா பொறியியல் மற்றும் தொழில் நுட்பக்கல்லூரி) is a private self-financing engineering college in [[Kinathukadavu, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu]], India. The college is approved by [[AICTE]] and affiliated to [[Anna University]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.collegesintamilnadu.com/engineering/Engg-Institute-Technology-Contact.asp?D=3172 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120722162812/http://www.collegesintamilnadu.com/engineering/Engg-Institute-Technology-Contact.asp?D=3172 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-07-22 |title=Akshaya College of Engineering & Technology, Coimbatore – contact address, phone details of Engineering College / Institute of Technology Tamilnadu |publisher=Collegesintamilnadu.com |access-date=2012-02-11 }}</ref>

==History==
Akshaya College of Engineering and Technology (ACET) was established by the Akshaya Charitable Trust in 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.acetcbe.edu.in/profile.asp?mode=About%20us |title=Akshaya College of Engineering & Technology |publisher=Acetcbe.edu.in |access-date=2012-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130721121437/http://acetcbe.edu.in/profile.asp?mode=About%20us |archive-date=21 July 2013 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==Programmes offered==
''Undergraduate courses''
* B.E. – [[Civil Engineering]]
* B.E. – [[Electronics and Communication Engineering]]
* B.E. – [[Mechanical Engineering]]
* B.E. – [[Electrical and Electronics Engineering]]
* B.E. – [[Computer Science and Engineering]]
* B.E – [[Mechatronics]]
* B.Tech. – [[Artificial Intelligence Data Science (AIDS)]]
* B.Tech. – [[Computer Science and Business System (CSBS)]]
''Postgraduate courses''
* [[Master of Engineering|M.E.]] – Computer Science and Engineering
* M.E. – VLSI Design
* M.E. – Structural Engineering
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.acetcbe.edu.in/academic_courses.asp |title=Akshaya College of Engineering & Technology |publisher=Acetcbe.edu.in |access-date=2012-02-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120123034752/http://www.acetcbe.edu.in/academic_courses.asp |archive-date=2012-01-23 }}</ref>

== Library ==

'''Library Collections:'''
{| class="wikitable"
| rowspan="2" | '''Books'''
|Total No. of Volume
|25300
|-
|Total No. of Titles
|5457
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''Journals'''
|National
|75
|-
|International
|42
|-
|'''Magazines'''
| colspan="2" |15
|-
|'''News papers'''
| colspan="2" |12
|-
|'''CD, DVD'''
| colspan="2" |1080
|-
|'''Backvolume'''
| colspan="2" |337
|-
|'''Projects'''
| colspan="2" |273
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''NPTEL'''
| colspan="2" |342 (Web courses)
|-
| colspan="2" |329 (Video Courses)
|}

==Facilities==
===Hostels===

=== Boys hostel ===
The boys hostel has 96 rooms spread over three floors and accommodates about 350 students.

=== Girls hostel ===

===Transport===
Buses are available to all parts of Coimbatore, [[Pollachi]], [[Udumalpet]], [[Nemmara]], [[Kaliyapuram]], [[Dhasarpatti]], [[Mettupalayam, Coimbatore|Mettupalayam]], [[Alandurai]], [[Dhali, India|Dhali]], [[Kerala]], [[Vadavalli]], [[Vellalore]], [[Sundakamuthur]], [[Vaalavadi]], [[Gandhipuram]], [[Avinashi]], [[Vile Parle|Parle]], [[Erisinampatti]], [[Devanurpudhur]], [[Elaiyamuthur]], [[Kanuvai]], [[Govindhapuram]], [[Madathukulam]], [[Vaarapatti]], and [[Pirayari]].

== Sports ==

The college offers the following sports

1. Basketball
2. Cricket
3. Ball Badminton
4. Football
5. Volleyball
6. Throwball
7. Chess
8. Kabbadi

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.acetcbe.edu.in/ Official website]

[[Category:Engineering colleges in Coimbatore]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 2009]]
[[Category:2009 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]

Edmund Hillary

2026-03-19T02:05:14Z

StaciWinslow: quick update

{{Short description|New Zealand mountaineer (1919–2008)}}
{{pp-semi-indef|small=yes}}
{{pp-move|small=yes}}
{{good article}}
{{Use New Zealand English|date=December 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sir Edmund Hillary
| honorific_suffix = {{postnominals|country=NZL|size=100%|KG|ONZ|KBE}}
| image = Edmund Hillary, c. 1953, autograph removed.jpg
| caption = Hillary in {{circa|1953}}
| birth_name = Edmund Percival Hillary
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1919|7|20|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Auckland]], New Zealand
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2008|1|11|1919|7|20|df=yes}}
| death_place = Auckland, New Zealand
| known_for = With [[Tenzing Norgay]], first to reach summit of [[Mount Everest]]
| spouse = {{plainlist|
*{{marriage|Louise Mary Rose|1953|1975|end=died}}
*{{marriage|June Mulgrew|1989}}}}
| children = 3, including [[Peter Hillary|Peter]] and [[Sarah Hillary (artist)|Sarah]]
| awards =
| signature = Edmund Hillary Signature.svg
| module ={{Infobox military person
| embed = yes
| allegiance = 
| branch = [[Royal New Zealand Air Force]]
| serviceyears = 1943–1945
| rank = Sergeant<ref name="Cenotaph">{{Cite web|title = Edmund Percival Hillary|url = https://www.aucklandmuseum.com/war-memorial/online-cenotaph/record/C122000 |work=Online Cenotaph |publisher = [[Auckland War Memorial Museum]]|access-date = 3 February 2022}}</ref>
| unit = {{plainlist|
*[[No. 6 Squadron RNZAF]]
*[[No. 5 Squadron RNZAF]]}}
| battles = [[Military history of New Zealand during World War II|World War II]]
}}
}}

'''Sir Edmund Percival Hillary''' (20 July 1919 – 11 January 2008) was a New Zealand [[mountaineering|mountaineer]], explorer, and philanthropist. On 29 May 1953, Hillary and [[Sherpa people|Sherpa]] mountaineer [[Tenzing Norgay]] became the [[Timeline of Mount Everest expeditions|first climbers]] confirmed to have reached the summit of [[Mount Everest]]. They were part of the [[1953 British Mount Everest expedition|ninth British expedition to Everest]], which was led by [[John Hunt, Baron Hunt|John Hunt]]. From 1985 to 1988, he served as New Zealand's [[List of High Commissioners of New Zealand to India|High Commissioner to India and Bangladesh]] and concurrently as Ambassador to Nepal.

Hillary became interested in mountaineering while in secondary school. He made his first major climb in 1939, reaching the summit of [[Mount Ollivier]].<ref>{{cite web|title= Sir Edmund Hillary Biography and Interview |website=www.achievement.org|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]|url= https://www.achievement.org/achiever/sir-edmund-hillary/#interview}}</ref> He served in the [[Royal New Zealand Air Force]] as a [[navigator]] during [[Military history of New Zealand during World War II|World War II]] and was wounded in an accident. Prior to the Everest expedition, Hillary had been part of the [[1951 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition|British reconnaissance expedition]] to the mountain in 1951 as well as an unsuccessful attempt to climb [[Cho Oyu]] in 1952.

As part of the [[Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition]], Hillary reached the South Pole overland in 1958. He subsequently reached the North Pole, making him the first person to reach both poles and summit Everest. ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' named him one of the [[Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century|100 most influential people of the 20th century]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,26473,00.html |title=Time 100 Persons of the Century |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=6 June 1999 |access-date=31 May 2017 |archive-date=23 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160523112333/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,26473,00.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Beginning in 1960, Hillary devoted himself to assisting the Sherpa people of Nepal through the [[Himalayan Trust]], which he established. His efforts are credited with the construction of many schools and hospitals in Nepal. Hillary had numerous honours conferred upon him, including the [[Order of the Garter]] in 1995. Upon his death in 2008, he was given a [[state funeral]] in New Zealand.

==Early life==
[[File:Gertrude Clark, mother of Edmund Hillary, 1909.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Hillary's mother Gertrude Clark, 1909]]
Hillary was born to Percival Augustus "Percy" (1885–1965) and Gertrude (née Clark) (1892–1965) Hillary in [[Auckland]], New Zealand, on 20 July 1919.<ref name="Christchurch">{{cite web|website=[[Christchurch City Libraries]] |url=http://library.christchurch.org.nz/Kids/FamousNewZealanders/more/SirEdmundHillary.asp |title=Famous New Zealanders|access-date=23 January 2007}}</ref><ref name="NZHistory">{{cite web|title=Edmund Hillary|url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/culture/edmund-hillary|website=New Zealand History|publisher=Research and Publishing Group of the New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage|access-date=15 February 2018|location= Wellington, New Zealand}}</ref> His father Percy had served at [[Gallipoli Campaign|Gallipoli]] with the [[15th (North Auckland) Regiment]], and was discharged "medically unfit" from the Army in 1916; he had married Gertrude after his return to New Zealand. His grandfather Edmund Raymond Hillary (b. 1836) from [[Lancashire]], England, was a [[watchmaker]], who immigrated to the northern [[Wairoa River (Northland)|Wairoa]] region in the mid-19th century. He married Annie "Ida" Fleming from [[Irish people|Ireland]] having four children. His maternal great-grandparents, the Clarks, were both from [[Yorkshire]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v92LDwAAQBAJ&q=edmund+hillary+grandfather+edmund+yorkshire&pg=PT13|title=Edmund Hillary – A Biography: The Extraordinary Life of the Beekeeper Who Climbed Everest |date=2019|first=Michael|last=Gill|publisher=Vertebrate |isbn=9781911342977|access-date=22 September 2020}}</ref><ref name="NZ_Herald_10349189">{{cite news |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10349189 |title=Authorised Hillary biography reveals private touches |author=Tyler, Heather |date=8 October 2005 |agency=[[NZPA]] |newspaper=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |access-date=29 September 2011}}</ref>

His family moved to [[Tuakau]], south of Auckland, in 1920, after Percy was allocated {{convert|8|acre|ha|spell=in}} of land there as a returned soldier.<ref name="NZHistory" /> Percy had been a journalist prewar, and soon became founding editor of the weekly ''Tuakau District News'' as well as an [[beekeeper|apiarist]]. Ed had a sister June (born 1917) and a brother Rexford Fleming "Rex" (born 1920).{{sfn|Johnston|Larsen|2005|p=16}}

Hillary was educated at Tuakau Primary School and then [[Auckland Grammar School]].<ref name="NZHistory" /> He finished primary school aged 11, or two years early, and at "[[Grammar school|Grammar]]" achieved average marks.<ref name="Time obit">{{cite news|author=Robinson, Simon |url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1702543,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080111201228/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1702543,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 January 2008 |title=Sir Edmund Hillary: Top of the World|magazine=Time |date= 10 January 2008|access-date= 14 January 2008}}</ref> His mother wanted him to go to a "good school", and he commuted by train, cycling to Tuakau station before 7 am and returning after 6 pm for {{frac|3|1|2}} years (a one-hour, 40-minute journey each way) until the family moved to [[Remuera]], Auckland, in 1935, his last of four years at Grammar.{{sfn|Johnston|Larsen|2005|pp=20,22,23}}

He was initially smaller than his peers and shy, and did not enjoy "Grammar", where commuting barred him from after-school activities. He grew to be {{convert|6|ft|2|in|cm}}<ref name="'We knocked the bastard off'">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/mar/13/everest.nepal|access-date=1 July 2018|title=We knocked the bastard off|date=13 March 2003|newspaper=[[The Guardian]] }}</ref> and gained confidence after taking up [[boxing]].

He became interested in climbing when he was 16 following a 1935 school trip to [[Mount Ruapehu]], after which he showed more interest in [[Tramping in New Zealand|tramping]] than in studying and said he "wanted to see the world".{{sfn|Hillary|2003|p=1}} He then attended [[Auckland University College]], and joined the Tramping Club there. But in 1938, "after two notably unsuccessful years studying mathematics and science" he gave up on formal education.{{sfn|Johnston|Larsen|2005|p=25}}

He then became an [[apiarist]] with his father and brother Rex; with 1600 hives to attend, thousands of {{convert|90|lb|kg|abbr=on}} boxes of honey comb to handle, and 12 to 100 bee-stings daily.{{sfn|Johnston|Larsen|2005|p=25}}<ref name="Christchurch" /><ref name="Sullivan"/> He kept bees in summer, and concentrated on climbing in winter.<ref name="natlgeo" /> His father also edited the journal "The N.Z. Honeybee" and his mother Gertrude was famous for breeding and selling queen bees.{{sfn|Johnston|Larsen|2005|p=23}}<ref>Hillary, Sir Edmund (Percival). (2017). In Encyclopaedia Britannica, ''Britannica Concise Encyclopedia''. Chicago, IL: Britannica Digital Learning. Retrieved from https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/ebconcise/hillary_sir_edmund_percival/0?institutionId=292</ref><ref name="Britannica">"Sir Edmund Hillary". ''Britannica Academic'', Encyclopædia Britannica, 5 September 2012. academic-eb-com/levels/collegiate/article/Sir-Edmund-Hillary/40469. Accessed 14 March 2018.</ref>

In 1938, he went to hear [[Herbert Sutcliffe (health advocate)|Herbert Sutcliffe]], the proponent of a life philosophy called "Radiant Living", with his family. The family all became foundation members, and his mother became its secretary in 1939. He went to Gisborne as Sutcliff's assistant, and in 1941 sat examinations to become a teacher of Radiant Living, getting a 100% pass mark. His test lecture was on "Inferiority – cause and cure". He said of his five-year association with the movement that "I learned to speak confidently from the platform; to think more freely on important topics; to mix more readily with a wide variety of people". Tenets included healthy eating (the salads that June took to university for lunch) and pacificism. He joined the Radiant Living Tramping Club, and further developed his love of the outdoors in the [[Waitākere Ranges]].{{sfn|Johnston|Larsen|2005|pp=25–29}}<ref name="DNZB Early mountaineering">{{cite web |last=Barnett |first=Shaun |title=Hillary, Edmund Percival – Early mountaineering |url= http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/6h1/hillary-edmund-percival/page-2 |website=[[Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand]] |publisher=[[Ministry for Culture and Heritage]] |access-date=30 May 2013 |date=30 October 2012}}</ref>

In 1939, he completed his first major climb, reaching the summit of [[Mount Ollivier]], near [[Aoraki / Mount Cook]] in the [[Southern Alps]].<ref name="NZHistory" /> Climbing brought new friends; [[Harry Ayres (mountaineer)|Harry Ayres]] and [[George Lowe (mountaineer)|George Lowe]] became "the first real friends I'd ever had".{{sfn|Johnston|Larsen|2005|pp=26–29}}

==World War II==
[[File:Edmund Hillary at Delta Camp near Blenheim during WWII.jpg|thumb|upright|Hillary in [[Royal New Zealand Air Force]] uniform at Delta Camp, near [[Blenheim, New Zealand]], during [[World War II]] ]]
At the outbreak of [[World War II]], Hillary applied to join the [[Royal New Zealand Air Force]] (RNZAF) but quickly withdrew the application, later writing that he was "harassed by [his] [[conscientious objector|religious conscience]]".<ref name="nzheraldlife">{{cite news |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10482158 |title=Sir Edmund Hillary's life |access-date=11 January 2008 |last=Calder |first=Peter |date=11 January 2008 |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |publisher=APN Holdings NZ Limited}}</ref> In 1943, with the Japanese threat in the Pacific and the arrival of [[Compulsory Military Training in New Zealand|conscription]], he joined the RNZAF as a [[navigator]] in [[No. 6 Squadron RNZAF]] and later [[No. 5 Squadron RNZAF]] on [[Consolidated PBY Catalina|Catalina flying boats]].<ref name="nzheraldlife" /><ref name="Cenotaph"/> In 1945, he was sent to [[Fiji]] and to the [[Solomon Islands]], where he was badly burnt in an accident.<ref name="nzheraldlife" />

==Expeditions==
In January 1948, Hillary and others ascended the south ridge of [[Aoraki / Mount Cook]], New Zealand's highest peak.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnzb.govt.nz/dnzb/default.asp?Find_Quick.asp?PersonEssay=5A28|title=Ayres, Horace Henry 1912–1987|last=Langton|first=Graham|date=22 June 2007|work=Dictionary of New Zealand Biography|publisher=Ministry for Culture and Heritage|access-date=2 December 2009}}</ref> He took part in an arduous rescue on [[La Perouse (New Zealand)#1948 rescue|La Perouse]] in 1948, befriending fellow climber [[Norman Hardie]].

In 1951 he was part of a [[1951 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition|British reconnaissance expedition]] to Everest led by [[Eric Shipton]],<ref name="FallenGiants">{{cite book|last1=Isserman|first1=Maurice|last2=Weaver|first2=Stewart|title=Fallen Giants : A History of Himalayan Mountaineering from the Age of Empire to the Age of Extremes|url=https://archive.org/details/fallengiantshist00isse_286|url-access=limited|date=2008|publisher=Yale University Press|location=New Haven|page=[https://archive.org/details/fallengiantshist00isse_286/page/n290 278]|isbn=9780300115017}}</ref>{{efn|Shipton had met [[Dan Bryant (mountaineer)|Dan Bryant]] on the [[1935 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition]] and had formed a positive view of New Zealand climbers}} before joining the successful British attempt of 1953. In 1952, Hillary and [[George Lowe (mountaineer)|George Lowe]] were part of the British team led by Shipton, that attempted [[1952 British Cho Oyu expedition|Cho Oyu]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/6h1/3/3|title=Cho Oyu expedition team, 1952|encyclopedia=[[Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand]]|first=Shaun|last=Barnett|date=7 December 2010|access-date=2 January 2013|archive-date=13 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110313171816/http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/6h1/3/3|url-status=dead}}</ref> After that attempt failed due to the lack of a route from the Nepal side, Hillary and Lowe crossed the Nup La pass into Tibet and reached the old Camp II, on the northern side, where all the previous expeditions had camped.<ref>Gordon, Harry (12 January 2008). [http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/hillary-deity-of-the-high-country/story-e6frg6sx-1111115299686 "Hillary, deity of the high country"], ''[[The Australian]]''. Retrieved 19 June 2010.</ref>

===1953 Everest expedition===
{{main|1953 British Mount Everest expedition}}
[[File:Edmund Hilary SLNSW FL18955534.jpg|thumb|Portrait of Hillary, Australia, July 1953]]

In 1949, the long-standing climbing route to the summit of Everest was closed by Chinese-controlled [[Tibet]]. For the next several years, [[Nepal]] allowed only one or two expeditions per year.<ref name="FallenGiants2">{{cite book|last1=Isserman|first1=Maurice|last2=Weaver|first2=Stewart|title=Fallen Giants : A History of Himalayan Mountaineering from the Age of Empire to the Age of Extremes|url=https://archive.org/details/fallengiantshist00isse_286|url-access=limited|date=2008|publisher=Yale University Press|location=New Haven|page=[https://archive.org/details/fallengiantshist00isse_286/page/n449 437]|isbn=9780300115017}}</ref> A Swiss expedition (in which Tenzing took part) attempted to reach the summit in 1952, but was forced back by bad weather and problems with oxygen sets {{convert|800|ft|m|-1}} below the summit.{{sfn|Hillary|2003|pp=48,235}}

{{External media | float = right | audio1 = [http://www.wnyc.org/story/sir-edmund-hillary-scales-heights-literary-society/ Sir Edmund Hillary Scales the Heights of Literary Society], 1954, Hillary speaks 5:00–18:57, [[WNYC]]<ref name="wnyc">{{cite web | title =Sir Edmund Hillary scales the heights of literary society | publisher =[[WNYC]] | url =http://www.wnyc.org/story/sir-edmund-hillary-scales-heights-literary-society/ | access-date =31 October 2016}}</ref> }}
In 1952, Hillary learned that he and Lowe had been invited by the [[Joint Himalayan Committee]] for the 1953 British attempt and immediately accepted.{{sfn|Hillary|2003|p=117}} Shipton had been named as leader but was replaced by Hunt. Hillary objected but was immediately impressed by Hunt's energy and determination.{{sfn|Hillary|2003|p=119}} Hunt asked [[Charles Evans (mountaineer)|Charles Evans]] and Hillary to form with him a small three-man planning group on the expedition.{{sfn|Gill|2017|p=185}}{{sfn|Hunt|1953|pp=107,121,134,138}} Hunt wrote that:{{sfn|Hunt|1953|p=28}}
{{blockquote|Hillary's testing in the Himalayas had shown that he would be a very strong contender, not only for Everest, but for an eventual summit party. When I met Shipton last autumn I well remember his prophesying this – and how right he was. Quite exceptionally strong and abounding in a restless energy, possessed of a thrusting mind which swept away all unproven obstacles, Ed Hillary's personality had made an imprint on my mind, through his Cho Oyu and Reconnaissance friends and through his letters to me.}}

Hillary had hoped to climb with Lowe, but Hunt named two teams for the ascent: [[Tom Bourdillon]] and [[Charles Evans (mountaineer)|Charles Evans]]; and Hillary and Tenzing.<ref name="FallenGiants3">{{cite book|last1=Isserman|first1=Maurice|last2=Weaver|first2=Stewart|title=Fallen Giants: A History of Himalayan Mountaineering from the Age of Empire to the Age of Extremes|url=https://archive.org/details/fallengiantshist00isse_286|url-access=limited|date=2008|publisher=Yale University Press|location=New Haven|pages=[https://archive.org/details/fallengiantshist00isse_286/page/n296 284]–286|isbn=9780300115017}}</ref> Hillary, therefore, made a concerted effort to forge a working friendship with Tenzing.{{sfn|Hillary|2003|p=119}}{{sfn|Hunt|1953|pp=138,139}} Hillary wrote, "Tenzing had substantially greater personal ambition than any Sherpa I had met."{{sfn|Gill|2017|p=188}}

[[File:Tenzing and Hillary.jpg|thumb|right|Tenzing and Hillary]]

The Hunt expedition totalled over 400 people, including 362 [[porter (carrier)|porters]], 20 [[Sherpa people|Sherpa]] guides, and {{convert|10000|lbs|kg}} of baggage.<ref name=guard1>[https://www.theguardian.com/fromthearchive/story/0,,966102,00.html "Hillary of New Zealand and Tenzing reach the top"], Reuter (in ''[[The Guardian]]'', 2 June 1953)</ref><ref name=rgs/> Lowe supervised the preparation of the [[Lhotse|Lhotse Face]], a huge and steep ice face, for climbing. Hillary forged a route through the treacherous [[Khumbu Icefall]].{{sfn|Hillary|2003|p=151}}{{sfn|Elish|2007|p=30}}

Cameraman [[Tom Stobart]] was Hillary's room-mate in Kathmandu. He described Hillary as:{{sfn|Gill|2017|pp=188,189}}
{{blockquote|a skeleton as tall as I was ... a hatchet-thin face, and seemed tied together with steel ... I had just got a rubber torch to pieces and couldn't get it together again. This human machine took charge. 'Let's give it a go' he said, using an expression we came to know so well in the following months. It may have meant that he would try to fix it, but did not. Actually it meant he would fix it, a subtle but important difference so far as Ed and his fellow countryman George Lowe, were concerned.}}

The expedition set up [[base camp]] in March 1953 and, working slowly, set up its final camp at the [[South Col]] at {{convert|25900|ft|m|-1}}. On 26 May, Bourdillon and Evans attempted the climb but turned back when Evans's [[oxygen system]] failed. The pair had reached the South Summit, coming within 300 vertical feet (91 m) of the summit.<ref name=rgs>[http://www.unlockingthearchives.rgs.org/resources/documents/Reaching%20the%20Top3.pdf ''Reaching The Top''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216030022/http://www.unlockingthearchives.rgs.org/resources/documents/Reaching%20the%20Top3.pdf |date=16 February 2008 }} Royal Geographical Society. Retrieved 13 January 2008.</ref><ref name="nzedge" /> Hunt then directed Hillary and Tenzing to attempt the summit.<ref name="nzedge" />

Snow and wind delayed them at the South Col for two days. They set out on 28 May with the support of Lowe, [[Alfred Gregory]], and Ang Nyima.{{sfn|Hillary|2003|p=197}} The two pitched a tent at {{convert|27900|ft|m|-1}} on 28 May, while their support group returned down the mountain.<ref name="FallenGiants4">{{cite book|last1=Isserman|first1=Maurice|last2=Weaver|first2=Stewart|title=Fallen Giants: A History of Himalayan Mountaineering from the Age of Empire to the Age of Extremes|url=https://archive.org/details/fallengiantshist00isse_286|url-access=limited|date=2008|publisher=Yale University Press|location=New Haven|page=[https://archive.org/details/fallengiantshist00isse_286/page/n300 288]|isbn=9780300115017}}</ref> On the following morning Hillary discovered that his boots had frozen solid outside the tent. He spent two hours warming them over a stove before he and Tenzing, wearing {{convert|30|lb|kg|0|adj=on}} packs, attempted the final ascent.{{sfn|Hillary|2003|p=213}} The final obstacle was the {{convert|40|ft|m|adj=on}} rock face later called "[[Hillary Step]]"; Hillary later wrote:
{{blockquote|I noticed a crack between the rock and the snow sticking to the East Face. I crawled inside and wriggled and jammed my way to the top{{nbsp}}... Tenzing slowly joined me and we moved on. I chopped steps over bump after bump, wondering a little desperately where the top could be. Then I saw the ridge ahead dropped away to the north and above me on the right was a rounded snow dome. A few more whacks with my ice-axe and Tenzing and I stood on top of Everest.<ref>{{cite book|title=Two Generations|pages=27–28}}</ref>}}

[[File:Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay.jpg|thumb|Hillary and Tenzing on return from the summit of Everest]]

Tenzing wrote in his 1955 autobiography that Hillary took the first step onto the summit and he followed. They reached Everest's {{convert|29,028|ft|m|abbr=on}} summit{{snd}}the highest point on earth{{snd}}at 11:30 am.<ref name="Christchurch" /><ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/enviro/EnviroRepublish_1478658.htm "Everest not as tall as thought"]. Agence France-Presse (on abc.net.au), 10 October 2005</ref>

They spent about 15 minutes at the summit. Hillary took a photo of Tenzing posing with his ice-axe, but there is no photo of Hillary; Tenzing's autobiography says that Hillary simply declined to have his picture taken. They also took photos looking down the mountain.<ref name="photos">Joanna Wright (2003). "[http://imagingeverest.rgs.org/concepts/Virtual_Everest/-285.html The Photographs]", in ''Everest, Summit of Achievement'', by the [[Royal Geographical Society]]. Simon & Schuster, New York. {{ISBN|0-7432-4386-2}}. Retrieved 11 January 2008. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905191639/http://imagingeverest.rgs.org/concepts/Virtual_Everest/-285.html |date=5 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Obituary: Sir Edmund Hillary |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3740536.stm |access-date=1 June 2021 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=11 January 2008}}</ref>

[[File:Sir Edmund Hillary, Sir Willoughby Norrie, and George Lowe at Government House, Wellington, 1953.jpg|thumb|Hillary (left) and [[George Lowe (mountaineer)|George Lowe]] (right) with Governor-General [[Sir Willoughby Norrie]] at [[Government House, Wellington]], 20 August 1953]]

Tenzing left chocolates at the summit as an offering, and Hillary left a cross given to him by John Hunt.{{sfn|Hillary|2003|p=229}} Their descent was complicated by drifting snow that had covered their tracks. The first person they met was Lowe; Hillary said, "Well, George, we knocked the bastard off."<ref name="'We knocked the bastard off'"/>

They returned to [[Kathmandu]] a few days later and learned that Hillary had already been appointed a [[Order of British Empire|Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] and Hunt a [[Knight Bachelor]].<ref name="Gazette2">{{cite news|last1=Editorial Staff|title=(announcements)|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/39886/page/3273|access-date=12 March 2018|work=The [[London Gazette]]|page=3273|date=12 June 1953}}</ref> News reached Britain on the day of [[Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II's coronation]], and the press called it a coronation gift.<ref>{{Citation| agency=[[Reuters]]| title=2 of British Team Conquer Everest| newspaper=[[The New York Times]]| page=1| date=2 June 1953| url=https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0529.html| access-date=18 December 2009}}</ref>
The 37 members of the party later received the [[Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal]] with {{small caps|mount everest expedition}} engraved along the rim.{{sfn|Johnston|Larsen|2005|p=76}}
In addition to the [[knight]]ing of Hillary and Hunt, Tenzing{{snd}}ineligible for knighthood as a Nepalese citizen{{snd}}received the [[George Medal]].<ref>"George Medal for Tensing – Award Approved by the Queen" in ''[[The Times]]'' (London), issue 52663 dated Thursday 2 July 1953, p. 6</ref><ref name=NorgayODNB>{{cite ODNB|first=Peter H.|last=Hansen|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/50064|title=Tenzing Norgay [Sherpa Tenzing] (1914–1986)|format=(subscription required)|year=2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/50064 |access-date=18 January 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Man of the mountains Tenzing dies|first=Paul|last=Vallely|work=The Times|location=UK|date=10 May 1986}}</ref> Tenzing also received the [[Order of the Star of Nepal|Star of Nepal]] from [[King Tribhuvan]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/10/world/asia/11cnd-hillary.html|title=Edmund Hillary, First on Everest, Dies at 88|last=McFadden|first=Robert D.|date=10 January 2008|work=The New York Times|access-date=27 October 2017|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

===After Everest===
[[File:Sir Edmund Hillary in the cockpit of the Trans-Antarctic Expedition's aeroplane, Rongotai, Wellington, 1956.jpg|thumb|upright|left|In the cockpit of the [[Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition]]'s [[de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver|DHC-2]], 1956]]

Hillary climbed ten other peaks in the [[Himalayas]] on further visits in 1956, 1960–1961, and 1963–1965. He also reached the [[South Pole]] as part of the [[Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition]], for which he led the New Zealand section, on 4 January 1958. His party was the first to reach the Pole overland since [[Roald Amundsen|Amundsen]] in 1911 and [[Robert Falcon Scott|Scott]] in 1912, and the first ever to do so using motor vehicles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nzhistory.govt.nz/media/photo/edmund-hillary-antarctica |title=Edmund Hillary in Antarctica|website=New Zealand History online – Nga korero aipurangi o Aotearoa|author= Ministry for Culture and Heritage|location= Wellington, New Zealand|date=22 July 2014|access-date=18 November 2016}}</ref>

In 1960, Hillary organised the [[1960–61 Silver Hut expedition]],{{sfn|Gill|2017|pp=328–369}} with [[Griffith Pugh]]; and Pugh showed that Mount Everest could be climbed without oxygen, with a long period of acclimatisation by living at {{convert|20000|ft}} for six months.
An assault on [[Makalu]], the world's fifth-highest mountain, was unsuccessful. Hillary was with the expedition for five months, although it lasted for ten.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Edmund Hillary, a Life in Pictures|url=https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/01/photogalleries/hillary-pictures/photo5.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080115223919/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/01/photogalleries/hillary%2Dpictures/photo5.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 January 2008|website=news.nationalgeographic.com|access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref>

The expedition also searched for the fabled [[Yeti|abominable snowman]].<ref name="Columbia" /> No evidence of Yetis was found, instead footprints and tracks were proven to be from other causes. During the expedition, Hillary travelled to remote temples which contained "Yeti scalps"; however after bringing back three relics, two were shown to be from bears and one from a goat antelope.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Yeti: Asia's Abominable Snowman|url=https://www.livescience.com/25072-yeti-abominable-snowman.html|website=Live Science|date=28 November 2017|access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Objects of Intrigue: Yeti Scalp|url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/objects-of-intrigue-yeti-scalp|website=Atlas Obscura|access-date=14 March 2018|language=en|date=30 May 2013}}</ref> Hillary said after the expedition: "The yeti is not a strange, superhuman creature as has been imagined. We have found rational explanations for most yeti phenomena".<ref>{{cite web|title='Yeti scalp' fails to convince Hillary|url=https://www.stripes.com/news/yeti-scalp-fails-to-convince-hillary-1.83312|website=Stars and Stripes|access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref>

[[File:Edmund-Hillary.web.jpg|thumb|upright|Hillary in 1957 after {{shy|ac|com|pa|nying}} the first plane to land at the [[Marble Point]] ground air strip, Antarctica]]

In 1962, he was a guest on the television game show ''[[What's My Line?]]''; he stumped the panel, comprising [[Dorothy Kilgallen]], [[Arlene Francis]], [[Bennett Cerf]], and [[Merv Griffin]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BLteuggtA0o| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/BLteuggtA0o| archive-date=30 October 2021|title=What's My Line? – Sir Edmund Hillary; Diahann Carroll; Merv Griffin [panel] (May 20, 1962)| website=[[YouTube]]| date=26 May 2014|access-date=11 March 2018 }}{{cbignore}}</ref>
In 1977, he led a [[jetboat]] expedition, titled "Ocean to Sky", from the mouth of the [[Ganges River]] to its source.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nzhistory.govt.nz/culture/edmund-hillary/end-of-big-mountain-days |title=The end of the 'big mountain days' – Ed Hillary". |website=New Zealand History online – Nga korero aipurangi o Aotearoa|author= Ministry for Culture and Heritage|location= Wellington, New Zealand|date=13 January 2016|access-date=18 November 2016}}</ref> From 1977 to 1979 he commentated aboard Antarctic sightseeing flights operated by [[Air New Zealand]], and was scheduled to act as the guide for the fatal [[Air New Zealand Flight 901|Flight 901]], but had to cancel owing to other commitments.<ref>[https://nzhistory.govt.nz/culture/erebus-disaster/visiting-antarctica "The Antarctic experience – Erebus disaster"] New Zealand History online; retrieved 13 January 2008.</ref>
In 1985, he accompanied [[Neil Armstrong]] in a small twin-engined ski plane over the Arctic Ocean and landed at the [[North Pole]]. Hillary thus became the first man to stand at both poles and on the summit of Everest.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Attwooll|first1=Jolyon|title=Sixty fascinating Everest facts|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/asia/nepal/articles/Everest-Sixty-fascinating-facts/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/asia/nepal/articles/Everest-Sixty-fascinating-facts/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=4 February 2016|access-date=22 July 2016|ref=Sir Edmund Hillary was also a highly successful explorer of the Poles, leading expeditions there in the late 1950s. He went to the North Pole in 1985, making him the first person to have reached both poles and climbed Everest.}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name="Sullivan">{{cite magazine |first=Robert |last=Sullivan |url=http://www.time.com/time/2003/adventures/interview.html |title=The Greatest Adventures of All Time: Sir Edmund Hillary: A visit with the world's greatest living adventurer |magazine=Time |date=12 September 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030921174835/http://www.time.com/time/2003/adventures/interview.html |archive-date=21 September 2003}}</ref><ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/everest/story/0,,955942,00.html March 2003 interview with Hillary in] ''The Guardian''</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_7180000/newsid_7184400/7184434.stm |title=Video: Interview on HardTalk |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=13 March 2010 | date=11 January 2008}}</ref> This accomplishment inspired generations of explorers to compete over what later was defined as [[Three Poles Challenge]].
In January 2007, Hillary travelled to Antarctica as part of a delegation commemorating the 50th anniversary of the founding of [[Scott Base]].<ref>NDTV, [http://www.ndtv.com/morenews/showmorestory.asp?slug=Sir+Edmund+Hillary+revisits+Antarctica&id=99755 "Sir Edmund Hillary revisits Antarctica"], 20 January 2007. {{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref name="NZ_Herald_10419569">{{cite news |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/466/story.cfm?c_id=466&objectid=10419569 |title=Claire Harvey on Ice: Mt Erebus sends chills of horror |author=Harvey, Claire |date=21 January 2007 |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |access-date=29 September 2011 |archive-date=29 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929122658/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/466/story.cfm?c_id=466&objectid=10419569 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>Radio Network, [http://www.newstalkzb.co.nz/newsdetail1.asp?storyID=110625 "PM and Sir Edmund Hillary off to Scott Base"], 15 January 2007. Retrieved 20 January 2007. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090126040918/http://www.newstalkzb.co.nz/newsdetail1.asp?storyID=110625 |date=26 January 2009 }}</ref>

==Public recognition==
[[File:New Zealand 5 dollar note obverse series 6.jpg|thumb|left|Hillary on the [[New Zealand five-dollar note]]]]

On 6 June 1953, Hillary was appointed [[Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire]], and he received the [[Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal]] the same year.<ref name=gazetteKnighthood>{{London Gazette|issue=39886|page=3273|date=12 June 1953}}</ref> On 6 February 1987, he was the fourth appointee to the [[Order of New Zealand]].<ref name=induction01>"The Order of New Zealand" (12 February 1987) 20 ''[[New Zealand Gazette]]'' 705 at 709.</ref> He was also awarded the [[Polar Medal]] in 1958 for his part in the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition;<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=41384|page=2997|date=13 May 1958}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = medal, award|url = http://www.aucklandmuseum.com/collections-research/collections/record/am_humanhistory-object-711200|website = [[Auckland War Memorial Museum]]|access-date = 16 November 2015}}</ref> the class of commander of the Order of Sports Merit of France in about 1960;<ref>{{Cite web|title = Commander of the Order of Sports Merit (descriptive name) Sir Edmund Hillary (associated name)|url = https://www.aucklandmuseum.com/collections-research/collections/record/am_humanhistory-object-711230|website = [[Auckland War Memorial Museum]]|access-date = 29 January 2021}}</ref> the [[Order of Gorkha Dakshina Bahu|Order of Gorkha Dakshina Bahu, 1st Class]], of the [[Nepal|Kingdom of Nepal]] in 1953; and the Coronation Medal in 1975.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rbnz.govt.nz/about/museum/3754281.pdf |title=The orders, decorations and medals of Sir Edmund Hillary, KG, ON Z, KBE (1919–2008) |publisher=Reserve Bank Museum |access-date=7 November 2010 |first=Phillip |last=O'Shea |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101128111743/http://rbnz.govt.nz/about/museum/3754281.pdf |archive-date=28 November 2010}}</ref> On 22 April 1995, Hillary was appointed [[Knight Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter]].<ref name="Gazette">{{cite news|last1=Editorial Staff|title=State Intelligence|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/54017/page/6023|page=6023|access-date=12 March 2018|work=the [[London Gazette]]|date=25 April 1995}}</ref><ref>"The Most Noble Order of the Garter-K.G." (4 May 1995) 42 1071 at 1088.</ref> On 17 June 2004, Hillary was awarded the [[Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland|Commander's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Zmarł Edmund Hillary, pierwszy zdobywca Mt Everest|url=http://wiadomosci.gazeta.pl/wiadomosci/1,114873,4828817.html|work=Gazeta.pl Wiadomości|publisher=Agora S.A.|access-date=15 November 2013|language=pl|date=10 January 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720082150/http://wiadomosci.gazeta.pl/wiadomosci/1%2C114873%2C4828817.html|archive-date=20 July 2014}}</ref> The Government of India conferred on him its second-highest civilian award, the [[Padma Vibhushan]], posthumously, in 2008.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/05/06/stories/2008050660611400.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509071134/http://www.hindu.com/2008/05/06/stories/2008050660611400.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=9 May 2008 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=Pranab, Tendulkar, Asha Bhosle receive Padma Vibhushan | date=6 May 2008}}</ref>

To mark the 50th anniversary of the first successful ascent of Everest, the [[Nepalese government]] conferred honorary citizenship upon Hillary at a special [[Golden Jubilee]] celebration in [[Kathmandu]], Nepal. He was the first foreign national to receive that honour.<ref>[http://www.gorkhapatra.org.np/content.php?nid=34096 Mountaineering Great Edmund Hillary passes away] 12 January 2008 The Rising Nepal {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080304025552/http://www.gorkhapatra.org.np/content.php?nid=34096 |date=4 March 2008 }}</ref><ref name="Britannica" />

Since 1992, New Zealand's $5 note has featured Hillary's portrait, making him the only living person not a current head of state ever to appear on a New Zealand banknote. In giving his permission, Hillary insisted that [[Aoraki / Mount Cook]] rather than Mount Everest be used as the backdrop.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sir Edmund Hillary – Commemorative $5 Bank Note |url=http://www.siredmundhillary.com/banknote.htm |website=www.siredmundhillary.com |access-date=14 December 2017 |archive-date=26 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180326231656/http://www.siredmundhillary.com/banknote.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rbnz.govt.nz/notes-and-coins/notes/banknotes-in-circulation |title=Banknotes in circulation |website=Reserve Bank of New Zealand |access-date=16 March 2018 |archive-date=28 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128144441/https://www.rbnz.govt.nz/notes-and-coins/notes/banknotes-in-circulation |url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[File:Hillary statue and Mount Cook.jpg|thumb|right|Statue of Hillary gazing towards [[Aoraki / Mount Cook]], one of his favourite peaks<ref>[http://www.rbnz.govt.nz/notes_and_coins/explaining_currency.pdf Explaining Currency] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712052241/http://www.rbnz.govt.nz/notes_and_coins/explaining_currency.pdf |date=12 July 2013 }} NZ Government</ref>]]

Annual ''[[Reader's Digest]]'' polls from 2005 to 2007 named Hillary as "New Zealand's most trusted individual".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tvnz.co.nz/content/595189/423466/article.html|title=Sir Ed tops NZ's most trusted list|publisher=[[Television New Zealand]]|date=30 June 2005|access-date=12 June 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10442361|title=Parents trust firefighters, but want kids to be high-earning lawyers|first=Juliet|last=Rowan|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|date=29 May 2007|access-date=12 June 2010}}</ref>

Hillary's favoured New Zealand charity was the [[Sir Edmund Hillary Outdoor Pursuits Centre]], of which he was patron for 35 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Our Uniqueness|url=http://www.hillaryoutdoors.co.nz/our-uniqueness/|publisher=Hillary Outdoors Education Centres{{!}}OPC|access-date=2 February 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202235620/http://www.hillaryoutdoors.co.nz/our-uniqueness/|archive-date=2 February 2017}}</ref> He was particularly keen on how this organisation introduced young New Zealanders to the outdoors in a very similar way to his first experience of a school trip to Mt Ruapehu at the age of 16. A {{convert|2.3|m|ft|1|adj=on}} bronze statue of Hillary was erected outside [[The Hermitage Hotel, Mount Cook Village|The Hermitage Hotel]] at [[Mount Cook Village]]; it was unveiled by Hillary himself in 2003.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Edmund Hillary at The Hermitage July 2003|url=http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~nzlscant/hillary.htm|website=www.rootsweb.ancestry.com|access-date=17 November 2016}}</ref> Various streets, institutions and organisations around New Zealand and abroad are named after him – for example, the [[Sir Edmund Hillary Collegiate]] in [[Ōtara]], which was established by Hillary in 2001.<ref>{{cite web|title=Collegiate Story|url=http://sehc.school.nz/collegiate-story/|website=sehc.school.nz|publisher=Sir Edmund Hillary Collegiate|access-date=10 December 2017|language=en}}</ref>

Two Antarctic features are named after Hillary. The [[Hillary Coast]] is a section of coastline south of Ross Island and north of the Shackleton Coast.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hillary Coast|url=https://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=gnispq:5:0::NO::P5_ANTAR_ID:6780|work=[[Geographic Names Information System]]|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|access-date=10 December 2017|language=en-us|archive-date=16 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616212152/https://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=gnispq:5:0::NO::P5_ANTAR_ID:6780|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Hillary Canyon, an undersea feature in the Ross Sea, appears on the [[General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans]], published by the [[International Hydrographic Organization]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/1/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10487079|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120907122816/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/1/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10487079|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 September 2012|title=Hillary's first mountain could take name|date=16 January 2008|access-date=26 August 2008|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |first=Jarrod|last=Booker}}</ref>

==Personal life==
[[File:Sir Edmund and Lady Louise Hillary with their son Peter, 1955.jpg|thumb|right|Hillary, with his first wife, Louise, and son, [[Peter Hillary|Peter]], 1955]]
[[File:Sir_Edmund_Hillary_with_Lady_Hillary.jpg|thumb|Hillary, with his second wife, June Mulgrew, 1998]]
Hillary married Louise Mary Rose (1930{{ndash}}1975) on 3 September 1953, soon after the ascent of Everest; he admitted he was terrified of proposing to her and relied on her mother to propose on his behalf.<ref name="Sullivan"/><ref name="natlgeo" /><ref>[http://library.christchurch.org.nz/Kids/FamousNewZealanders/Edmund.asp ''Famous New Zealanders'']. Retrieved 22 January 2007.</ref> They had three children: [[Peter Hillary|Peter]] (born 1954), [[Sarah Hillary (artist)|Sarah]] (born 1956) and Belinda (1959{{ndash}}1975).<ref name="NZ History">{{cite web |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/culture/edmund-hillary/everest-to-south-pole |title=From Everest to the South Pole |author=Ministry for Culture and Heritage |date=20 December 2012 |access-date=17 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="Christchurch" /><ref name="nzedge">The New Zealand Edge, [http://www.nzedge.com/heroes/hillary.html "Sir Edmund Hillary—King Of The World"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041127050950/http://www.nzedge.com/heroes/hillary.html |date=27 November 2004 }}. Retrieved 22 January 2007.</ref> On 31 March 1975, while en route to join Hillary in the village of [[Phaphlu]], where he was helping to build a hospital, Louise and Belinda were [[1975 Royal Nepal Airlines Pilatus PC-6 Porter crash|killed in a plane crash]]<ref name="Stuff">{{cite web |last1=Gill |first1=Michael |title='Dishevelled' pilot who caused Hillary tragedy should have been barred |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/96860943/dishevelled-pilot-who-caused-hillary-family-tragedy-should-have-been-barred-from-flying-new-biography-reveals |publisher=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] |accessdate=30 May 2020 |date=24 September 2014}}</ref> near [[Kathmandu]] airport shortly after take-off.<ref name="Sullivan"/>

In 1989, he married June Mulgrew, the widow of his close friend [[Peter Mulgrew]], who died on [[Air New Zealand Flight 901]] in 1979.<ref name="natlgeo">''[[National Geographic]]'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20061116102132/http://magma.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0305/feature1/index.html?fs=www7.nationalgeographic.com "Everest: 50 Years and Counting"]. Retrieved 22 January 2007.</ref><ref>Sailing Source, [http://www.sailingsource.com/newfeatures/article_2002_09_22_3044.php "Sir Edmund Hillary to Start Rolex Sydney-Hobart Race"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070103035717/http://www.sailingsource.com/newfeatures/article_2002_09_22_3044.php |date=3 January 2007 }}. Retrieved 22 January 2007.</ref> June, Lady Hillary, died in Auckland on 1 June 2024.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/sir-edmund-hillarys-wife-lady-june-dies-aged-92/326ZUOHE4VHVPPSCJJ3AEBH3VM/ |title=Sir Edmund Hillary's wife Lady June dies, aged 92 |date=1 June 2024 |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref>

His son [[Peter Hillary]] also became a climber, summiting Everest in 1990. In May 2002, Peter climbed Everest as part of a 50th anniversary celebration; [[Jamling Tenzing Norgay]] (son of Tenzing, who had died in 1986) was also part of the expedition.<ref>[https://www.npr.org/programs/re/archivesdate/2003/apr/everest/index.html National Geographic 50th Anniversary Everest Expedition Reaches Summit] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930002729/http://www.npr.org/programs/re/archivesdate/2003/apr/everest/index.html |date=30 September 2013 }}, ''National Geographic News'', 25 May 2002. Retrieved 5 May 2011.</ref>

Hillary's home for most of his life was a property on Remuera Road in Auckland City,<ref name="HOUSE">{{cite news |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/auckland-region/news/article.cfm?l_id=117&objectid=10559206 |title=Sir Ed's haven on the market |author=Sarney, Estelle |date=28 February 2009 |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |access-date=29 September 2011}}</ref> where he enjoyed reading adventure and science fiction novels in his retirement.<ref name="HOUSE"/>
He also built a [[Bach (New Zealand)|bach]] at [[Whites Beach]],<ref name="HillaryBach">{{cite news |title=Sir Ed's bach a place of solace |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/local-news/nor-west-news/219062/Sir-Eds-bach-a-place-of-solace |newspaper=Nor-west News |publisher=[[Fairfax New Zealand]] |location=[[Huapai]], New Zealand |oclc=276732793 |date=January 2008 |access-date=29 June 2012}}</ref> one of Auckland's west coast beaches in [[West Auckland, New Zealand|West Auckland]], between [[Anawhata]] and North [[Piha]]. A friend called it Hillary's place of solace, where he could escape media attention.<ref name="HillaryBach"/>

The Hillary family has had a connection with the west coast of Auckland since 1925, when Louise's father built a bach at Anawhata.<ref name="HillaryTrailConnection">{{cite web |url=http://www.arc.govt.nz/parks/whats-on-in-parks/hillary-trail/the-hillary-connection.cfm |title=Hillary Trail: The Hillary connection |work=Parks: Things to do |publisher=[[Auckland Regional Council]] |location=Auckland, New Zealand |access-date=29 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120624224908/http://www.arc.govt.nz/parks/whats-on-in-parks/hillary-trail/the-hillary-connection.cfm |archive-date=24 June 2012}}</ref> The family donated land at Whites Beach that is now crossed by trampers on the Hillary Trail, named for Edmund.<ref name="HillaryTrailPressRelease">{{cite press release|title=Multi-day Waitakere trail named after Sir Edmund Hillary|publisher=[[Auckland Regional Council]]|date=29 September 2009|url=http://www.arc.govt.nz/index.cfm?58A620FD-14C2-3D2D-B9CA-EA5858882785&objUUID=076AA3FF-145E-173C-980E-04B483C1511F |access-date=29 June 2012}}</ref>
Hillary said of the area: "That is the thing that international travel brings home to me – it's always good to be going home. This is the only place I want to live in; this is the place I want to see out my days."<ref name="Dye2008">{{cite news |title=Lonely site legend's special place |first=Stuart |last=Dye |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10486683 |newspaper=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |publisher=Wilson and Horton |location=Auckland, New Zealand |issn=1170-0777 |oclc=55942740 |date=14 January 2008 |access-date=30 June 2012}}</ref>

===Philanthropy===
[[File:Edmund hillary bust khumjung school.jpg|thumb|A bust of Sir Edmund at [[Khumjung]] School which he helped to found]]
Following his ascent of Everest, he devoted himself to assisting the [[Sherpa people]] of Nepal through the [[Himalayan Trust]], which he established in 1960<ref>{{cite web|title=About us|url=http://himalayantrust.org/about-us/|website=himalayantrust.org|publisher=Himalayan Trust New Zealand|access-date=14 December 2017}}</ref> and led until his death in 2008. His efforts are credited with the construction of many schools and hospitals in this remote region of the [[Himalayas]]. He was the Honorary President of the [[American Himalayan Foundation]], a United States non-profit body that helps improve the ecology and living conditions in the Himalayas. He was also the Honorary President of [[Mountain Wilderness]], an international NGO dedicated to the worldwide protection of mountains.<ref>{{cite web|title=Historical faces|url=http://www.mountainwilderness.org/faces-voices-of-mw/faces-of-mw/|website=Mountain Wilderness|access-date=17 November 2016|date=31 December 2010}}</ref>

===Political involvement===

Hillary supported the [[New Zealand Labour Party|Labour Party]] in the [[1975 New Zealand general election]], as a member of the "[[Citizens for Rowling]]" campaign. His involvement in this campaign was seen as precluding his nomination as [[Governor-General of New Zealand|governor-general]];<ref>''Rowling: The Man and the Myth'' by John Henderson, Australia New Zealand Press, 1980.</ref> the position was offered to [[Keith Holyoake]] in 1977. In 1985, Hillary was appointed New Zealand [[List of High Commissioners from New Zealand to India|High Commissioner to India]] (concurrently High Commissioner to [[Bangladesh]] and Ambassador to [[Nepal]]) and spent four and a half years based in [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Edmund Hillary: Mountaineer who conquered Everest and devoted his|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/sir-edmund-hillary-mountaineer-who-conquered-everest-and-devoted-his-later-life-to-the-sherpa-people-769765.html|website=The Independent|access-date=17 November 2016|date=12 January 2008}}</ref>

In 1975, Hillary served as a vice president for the [[Abortion Law Reform Association of New Zealand]],<ref name="ALRANZ">{{cite journal |url=http://abortionwiki.org/archive/alranz.org/NewsletterFebruary2008.htm |date=November 2008 |journal=ALRANZ Newsletter |title=Obituaries |access-date=5 June 2015 |archive-date=5 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605213518/http://abortionwiki.org/archive/alranz.org/NewsletterFebruary2008.htm |url-status=usurped }}</ref> a national [[pro-choice]] advocacy group.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.alranz.org/aboutus/history.html |title=Our History |work=ALRANZ.org |access-date=5 June 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113054730/http://www.alranz.org/aboutus/history.html |archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> He was also a patron of REPEAL, an organisation seeking repeal of the restrictive [[Contraception, Sterilisation, and Abortion Act 1977]].<ref name="ALRANZ"/>

==Death==
[[File:Edmund Hillary State Funeral.jpg|thumb|right|People draped in the [[Flag of New Zealand]] as Hillary's [[hearse]] passes]]

On 22 April 2007, while on a trip to Kathmandu, Hillary suffered a fall, and was hospitalised after returning to New Zealand.<ref name="NZ_Herald_10435883">{{cite news |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/1/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10435883 |title=Clark sends goodwill message to Sir Edmund |author=Dye, Stuart |date=24 April 2007 |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |access-date=29 September 2011 |archive-date=29 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929224034/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/1/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10435883 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

On 11 January 2008, he died of heart failure at [[Auckland City Hospital]], at the age of 88.<ref name="NZ_Herald_10482156">{{cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/1/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10482156|title=State funeral for Sir Edmund Hillary|author=McKenzie-Minifie, Martha|date=11 January 2008|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|access-date=29 September 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date= 11 January 2008 |title= Everest hero Edmund Hillary dies |url= https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7182376.stm |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date= 5 June 2024}}</ref> Flags were lowered to [[half-mast]] on New Zealand public buildings and at [[Scott Base]] in Antarctica,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/4352066a10.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120526200753/http://www.stuff.co.nz/4352066a10.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 May 2012 |title=Flag flies at half-mast over a sad Scott Base |work=[[Stuff.co.nz]] |access-date=29 September 2011 }}</ref> and the [[Prime Minister of New Zealand|Prime Minister]], [[Helen Clark]], called Hillary's death a "profound loss to New Zealand".<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/01/10/edmund.clark/index.html "Clark statement on Hillary death"]. ''CNN.com''. Retrieved 11 January 2008.</ref>

On 21 January, Hillary's casket was taken into [[Holy Trinity Cathedral, Auckland|Holy Trinity Cathedral]], Auckland, to lie in state.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/4366732a10.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120913023843/http://www.stuff.co.nz/4366732a10.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 September 2012 |title=Sir Edmund Hillary lies in state |date=21 January 2008 |access-date=21 February 2008 |publisher=Fairfax Media}}</ref>
The following day, 22 January 2008, Hillary's casket was moved to the adjacent [[St Mary's Cathedral, Auckland|St Mary's church]] for a [[state funeral]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/4351997a10.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080111132642/http://www.stuff.co.nz/4351997a10.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 January 2008 |title=State funeral for Sir Ed |work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] |access-date=29 September 2011 }}</ref> after which his body was [[cremation|cremated]]. On 29 February 2008, most of his ashes were scattered in Auckland's [[Hauraki Gulf]] per his desire.<ref name="NZ_Herald_10495373">{{cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/1/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10495373|title=Sir Edmund Hillary takes final voyage, ashes scattered at sea|date=29 February 2008|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|access-date=29 September 2011|archive-date=3 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103083406/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10495373|url-status=dead}}</ref> The remainder went to a Nepalese monastery near Everest; a plan to scatter them on the summit was cancelled in 2010.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/8612256.stm|title=Sherpas cancel plan to spread Hillary ashes on Everest|date=9 April 2010|work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=10 April 2010}}</ref>

===Posthumous tributes===

In January 2008, Lukla Airport, in [[Lukla]], Nepal, was renamed to [[Tenzing–Hillary Airport]] in recognition of their promotion of its construction.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/01/15/asia/AS-GEN-Nepal-Hillary-Tribute.php|title=Nepal to name Everest airport after Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay|newspaper=International Herald Tribune|date=15 January 2008|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080212062042/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/01/15/asia/AS-GEN-Nepal-Hillary-Tribute.php|archive-date=12 February 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Sharma|first1=Gopal|title=Nepal airport, route named after Everest heroes|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-31869820080211|access-date=10 December 2017|work=Reuters|date=11 February 2008}}</ref>
On 2 April 2008, a service of thanksgiving in Hillary's honour at [[St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle]] was attended by [[Queen Elizabeth II]], New Zealand dignitaries (including Prime Minister Helen Clark), and members of Hillary's and Norgay's families; [[Gurkha]] soldiers from Nepal stood guard outside the ceremony.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7326720.stm|title=Sir Edmund Hillary service of thanksgiving|work=[[BBC News]] |date=2 April 2008|access-date=13 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7331859.stm|title=Third night in hospital for duke|work=[[BBC News]] |date=5 April 2008|access-date=13 March 2010}}</ref>
In October 2008, it was announced that future rugby test matches between England and New Zealand would be played for the [[Hillary Shield]].<ref>{{cite news|first=Wynne|last=Gray|title=All Blacks: Henry's men reach summit|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/news/article.cfm?c_id=4&objectid=10545863|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |date=1 December 2008|access-date=2 December 2008}}</ref> In 2009, the [[Duke of Edinburgh's Award]] in New Zealand{{snd}}formerly the Young New Zealanders' Challenge{{snd}}was renamed "The Duke of Edinburgh's Hillary Award".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dofehillary.org.nz|title=The Duke of Edinburgh's Hillary Award|access-date=1 September 2009}}</ref>
On 5 November 2008, a commemorative set of five stamps was issued by [[New Zealand Post]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Edmund Hillary Stamps|url=https://stamps.nzpost.co.nz/new-zealand/2008/sir-edmund-hillary|publisher=New Zealand Post|access-date=13 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/culture/edmund-hillary/honouring-hillary|access-date=13 March 2018|title=Honouring Edmund Hillary|publisher=NZ History}}</ref>

There have been many calls for lasting tributes to Hillary. The first major public tribute has been by way of the "Summits for Ed" tribute tour organised by the Sir Edmund Hillary Foundation.<ref>[http://www.summitsfored.org.nz/ Summits for Ed tribute tour] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100513085750/http://summitsfored.org.nz/ |date=13 May 2010 }}, Sir Edmund Hillary Foundation and Outdoor Pursuits Centre.</ref> This tribute tour went from [[Bluff, New Zealand|Bluff]] at the bottom of the [[South Island]] to [[Cape Reinga]] at the tip of the [[North Island]], visiting 39 towns and cities along the way. In each venue, school children and members of the public were invited to join in climbing a significant hill or site in their area to show their respect for Hillary. The public were also invited to bring small rocks or pebbles that had special significance to them, which would be included in a memorial to Hillary at the base of Mt Ruapehu in the grounds of the Sir Edmund Hillary Outdoor Pursuits Centre. Funds donated during the tour are used by the foundation to sponsor young New Zealanders on outdoor courses. Over 8,000 persons attended these "Summit" climbs between March and May 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.summitsfored.org.nz|title=Summits for Ed Tribute Tour|access-date=4 January 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100513085750/http://summitsfored.org.nz/|archive-date=13 May 2010}}</ref>

[[File:Mercer Bay.jpg|thumb|right|View from the Hillary Trail]]

The tribute song "Hillary 88", by the New Zealand duo The Kiwis, is the official world memorial song for Hillary, with the endorsement of Lady Hillary.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.horowhenua.govt.nz/NewsAndEvents/LatestNews/Horowhenua+Musicians+Perform+Sir+Edmund+Hillarys+Official+World+Memorial+Song.htm |title=Horowhenua Musicians Perform Sir Edmund Hillary's Official World Memorial Song |publisher=Horowhenua District Council |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240524093927/https://www.webcitation.org/5hALOwjvS?url=http://www.horowhenua.govt.nz/NewsAndEvents/LatestNews/Horowhenua%20Musicians%20Perform%20Sir%20Edmund%20Hillarys%20Official%20World%20Memorial%20Song.htm |archive-date=24 May 2024 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

A four-day track in the [[Waitākere Ranges]], along Auckland's west coast, is named the Hillary Trail,<ref>{{cite web|title=Regional parks: Home > Parks and facilities > Hillary Trail |url=http://regionalparks.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/hillary-trail |website=Auckland Council|access-date=13 March 2016}}</ref> in honour of Hillary.<ref name="HillaryTrailPressRelease"/> Hillary's father-in-law, Jim Rose, who had built a bach at [[Anawhata]] in 1925, wrote in his 1982 history of Anawhata Beach, "My family look forward to the time when we will be able to walk from [[Huia, New Zealand|Huia]] to [[Muriwai]] on public walking tracks like the old-time Maori could do".<ref name="HillaryTrailConnection"/><ref name="Wade2010">{{cite news|title=Waitakere: Backyard adventure|first=Pamela|last=Wade|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/travel/news/article.cfm?c_id=7&objectid=10619760|newspaper=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|publisher=Wilson and Horton|location=Auckland, New Zealand|issn=1170-0777 |oclc=55942740|date=13 January 2010|access-date=29 June 2012}}</ref> Hillary loved the area, and had his own bach near Anawhata. The track was opened on 11 January 2010, the second anniversary of Hillary's death.<ref name="NZ_Herald_10482156"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arc.govt.nz/parks/our-parks/hillary-trail/hillary-trail_home.cfm |title=Hillary Trail |work=Parks: Things to do |publisher=[[Auckland Regional Council]] |location=Auckland, New Zealand |access-date=29 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120708075215/http://www.arc.govt.nz/parks/our-parks/hillary-trail/hillary-trail_home.cfm |archive-date=8 July 2012 }}</ref> Rose Track, descending from Anawhata Road to Whites Beach, is named after the Rose family.<ref name="Dye2008"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Hillary Trail Waitakere Ranges Regional Park|url=http://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/EN/parksfacilities/walkingtracks/Documents/HillaryTrailWaitakereRangesRegionalPark-9Oct2012.pdf|website=Auckland Regional Council (arc)|access-date=13 March 2016}}</ref>

The South Ridge of Aoraki / Mount Cook, New Zealand's highest mountain, was renamed Hillary Ridge on 18 August 2011. Hillary and three other climbers were the first party to successfully climb the ridge in 1948.<ref name="Stuff.co.nz_5422211">{{cite news|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/5422211/Aoraki-Mt-Cook-ridge-named-after-Hillary|title=Aoraki/Mt Cook ridge named after Hillary|author=Levy, Danya|date=10 August 2011|work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] |access-date=13 November 2011}}</ref> In September 2013, the Government of Nepal proposed naming a {{convert|7681|m|ft|0|adj=on}} mountain in Nepal [[Hillary Peak]] in his honour.<ref>{{cite news| url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/06/mount-everest-hillary-tensing-peaks|work=[[The Guardian]] |title= Mount Everest: Hillary and Tenzing to have peaks named after them| date=6 September 2013}}</ref> After the ''[[New Horizons]]'' mission discovered a mountain range on [[Pluto]] on 14 July 2015, it was officially named [[Hillary Montes]] (Hillary Mountains) by [[International Astronomical Union]].<ref>{{cite web|title=First Official Pluto Feature Names|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia21944-first-official-pluto-feature-names|publisher=[[NASA]]|access-date=30 May 2023}}</ref>
The [[Sir Edmund Hillary Mountain Legacy Medal]], awarded by the Nepalese NGO Mountain Legacy "for remarkable service in the conservation of culture and nature in mountainous regions" was inaugurated in 2003, with the approval of Sir Edmund Hillary.
A [[bronze]] bust of Hillary (circa 1953) by [[Ophelia Gordon Bell]] is in the [[Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa|Te Papa museum]] in Wellington, New Zealand.<ref name="TePapa">{{cite web|url=http://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/object/38819|title=Object: Sir Edmund :)Hillary|work=Collections Online|publisher=Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref>
The Sir Edmund Hillary Archive was added to the [[UNESCO]] [[Memory of the World Register – Asia and the Pacific|Memory of the world archive]] in 2013;<ref>{{Cite web|title = Sir Edmund Hillary Archive|url = http://www.unescomow.org.nz/new-zealand-register/browse/item/50-sir-edmund-hillary-archive?tmpl=component|website = www.unescomow.org.nz|access-date = 22 November 2015|archive-date = 8 October 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151008023520/http://www.unescomow.org.nz/new-zealand-register/browse/item/50-sir-edmund-hillary-archive?tmpl=component|url-status = dead}}</ref> it is currently held by [[Auckland War Memorial Museum]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = Sir Edmund Hillary – Personal papers|url = http://www.aucklandmuseum.com/collections-research/collections/record/am_library-manuscriptsandarchives-7267|website = [[Auckland War Memorial Museum]]|access-date = 22 November 2015}}</ref>

From 2016 to 2020, a pilot immigration programme to New Zealand awarded ''[[Edmund Hillary Fellowship]]s'', the benefits of which included a three-year ''Global Impact Visa'' to create, support, and incubate ventures and models that result in positive global impact, from New Zealand.<ref>{{Cite news|title =Escape to New Zealand With Its New Visa Program (If You Don't Mind a Week in a Yurt) |url =https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2019-05-28/new-zealand-visa-requires-positive-energy-and-a-week-in-a-yurt |newspaper =Bloomberg.com |date =28 May 2019 |access-date = 20 August 2022}}</ref> After three years, migrants could qualify for permanent residency. The Edmund Hillary Foundation, which operated the pilot, claims that more than 250 of the allocated 400 visas were awarded before the pilot closed.<ref>{{Cite web|title =The Global Impact Visa pilot|url =https://www.ehf.org/blog/the-global-impact-visa-pilot|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20220226021643/https://www.ehf.org/blog/the-global-impact-visa-pilot|url-status =dead|archive-date =26 February 2022|website =Edmund Hillary Foundation|access-date =20 August 2022}}</ref>

==Arms==
{{Infobox coat of arms wide
|name = Sir Edmund Percival Hillary, KG, ONZ, KBE
|image = File:Edmund Hillary detail, Armoural letters patent (AM 2014.7.17-4) (cropped).jpg
|imagesize = 250px
|thumb
|bannerimage =
|badgeimage =
|notes =
|adopted =
|crest = A kiwi Azure grasping in the dexter foot an ice axe bendwise Or.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Google books|8LeX-5WjU4YC|Shame and Honor: A Vulgar History of the Order of the Garter|page=264}}</ref>

|escutcheon = Azure, a chevron embowed between two chevronels embowed in fess Argent between three prayer wheels bendwise Or.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
|supporters = On either side an emperor penguin Proper gorged with a plain collar Or.<ref>{{cite web|title= Sir Edmund Hillary: Knight of the Garter |website=Te Ara – The Encyclopedia of New Zealand|url= https://teara.govt.nz/en/postage-stamp/35639/sir-edmund-hillary-knight-of-the-garter}}</ref>
|motto = Nothing venture, nothing win
|orders =[[Order of the Garter]], [[Order of New Zealand]], and [[Order of the British Empire]]
|other_elements =
|banner =
|badge =
|symbolism =
|previous_versions =
}}

==Publications==
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|+ Books written by Edmund Hillary
! Title
! Year
! Publisher
! ISBN/ASIN
! Co-author
! class=unsortable| {{Reference column heading}}
|-
| ''High Adventure''{{efn|Also ''High Adventure: The True Story of the First Ascent of Everest''}}
| 1955
| {{nobr|Hodder & Stoughton{{efn|(reprinted Oxford University Press) (paperback)}} }}
| {{ISBN|1-932302-02-6}}{{efn|and {{ISBN|0-19-516734-1}}}}
| n/a
| <ref name="Chambers Bio">Hillary, Sir Edmund Percival. (2011). In L. Rodger, & J. Bakewell, [[Chambers Biographical Dictionary]] (9th ed.). London, UK: Chambers Harrap. Retrieved from https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/chambbd/hillary_sir_edmund_percival/1?institutionId=292</ref><ref name="Columbia">Hillary, Sir Edmund Percival. (2017). In P. Lagasse, & Columbia University, The Columbia encyclopedia (7th ed.). New York, NY: Columbia University Press. Retrieved from https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/columency/hillary_sir_edmund_percival/0?institutionId=292</ref>
|-
|''East of Everest – An Account of the New Zealand Alpine Club Himalayan Expedition to the Barun Valley in 1954''
| 1956
| E. P. Dutton
| {{ASIN|B000EW84UM}}
| George Lowe
|<ref name="Chambers Bio" />
|-
| ''No Latitude for Error''
| 1961
| Hodder & Stoughton.
| {{ASIN|B000H6UVP6}}
| n/a
| <ref name="Chambers Bio" /><ref name="Columbia" />
|-
|''The New Zealand Antarctic Expedition''
| 1959
| R.W. Stiles, printers.
| {{ASIN|B0007K6D72}}
| n/a
|
|-
|''The Crossing of Antarctica: The Commonwealth Transantarctic Expedition, 1955–1958''
| 1958
| Cassell
| {{ASIN|B000HJGZ08}}
| [[Vivian Fuchs]]
| <ref name="Chambers Bio" />
|-
| ''High in the Thin Cold Air''{{efn|the story of the Himalayan Expedition, led by Sir Edmund Hillary, sponsored by World Book Encyclopedia}}
| 1962
| Doubleday
| {{ASIN|B00005W121}}
| {{nobr|Desmond Doig}}
|<ref name="Chambers Bio" />
|-
| ''Schoolhouse in the Clouds''
| 1965
| Hodder & Stoughton
| {{ASIN|B00005WRBB}}
| n/a
| <ref name="Chambers Bio" />
|-
| ''Nothing Venture, Nothing Win''
| 1975
| Hodder & Stoughton
| {{ISBN|0-340-21296-9}}
| n/a
| <ref name="Chambers Bio" />
|-
| ''From the Ocean to the Sky: Jet Boating Up the Ganges''
| 1979
| Viking
| {{ISBN|0-7089-0587-0}}
| n/a
| <ref name="Chambers Bio" />
|-
| ''Two Generations''{{efn|reissued as ''Ascent: Two Lives Explored: The Autobiographies of Sir Edmund and Peter Hillary''}}
| 1984
| Hodder & Stoughton
| {{ISBN|0-340-35420-8}}
| Peter Hillary
| {{efn|(1992) Paragon House Publishers {{ISBN|1-55778-408-6}}.}}<ref name="Chambers Bio" />
|-
|''View from the Summit: The Remarkable Memoir by the First Person to Conquer Everest''
| 2000
| Pocket
| {{ISBN|0-7434-0067-4}}
| n/a
|
|}

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}
{{notelist}}

==References==
===Citations===
{{reflist}}

===See also===
* [[1975 Royal Nepal Airlines Pilatus PC-6 Porter crash]]

===Sources===
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book |last=Hunt |first= John |title= The Ascent of Everest |year= 1953 |publisher= Hodder & Stoughton |location= London }} (''The Summit'' (Chapter 16, pp 197–209) is by Hillary)
*{{cite book |last= Booth |first=Pat |title= Edmund Hillary: The Life of a Legend |year= 1993 |publisher= Moa Beckett |location=Auckland }}
* {{cite book|title=Edmund Hillary: First to the Top|first=Dan|last=Elish|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|year=2007|isbn=978-0-761-42224-2|url=https://archive.org/details/edmundhillaryfir0000elis}}
* {{cite book|title=Edmund Hillary : a biography|first=Michael|last=Gill|publisher=Potton & Burton|year=2017|isbn=9780947503383}}
* {{cite book|title=High Adventure|first=Edmund|last=Hillary|publisher=Hodder & Stoughton|year=2003|orig-year=1955|isbn=1-932302-02-6}}
* {{cite book|title=Reaching the Summit: Sir Edmund Hillary's Life of Adventure|first1=Alexa|last1=Johnston|first2=David|last2=Larsen|publisher=DK Publishing|year=2005|isbn=978-0-756-61527-7|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/reachingsummitsi0000john}}
*{{cite book|last=Johnston|first=Alexa|title=Sir Edmund Hillary: An Extraordinary Life|year=2013|publisher=Penguin Random House New Zealand Limited|isbn=978-0143006466}}
*{{cite book |last= Little |first= Paul |title= After Everest: Inside the private world of Edmund Hillary |year= 2012 |publisher= Allen & Unwin |location= Sydney, Australia |isbn= 978-1-877505-20-1 |url= https://archive.org/details/aftereverestinsi0000litt }}
*{{cite book |last=McKinnon |first= Lyn |title= Only Two for Everest |year= 2016 |publisher= Otago University Press |location= Dunedin |isbn= 978-1-972322-40-6 }}
*{{cite book|last=Tuckey|first=Harriet|title=Everest: The First Ascent — How a Champion of Science Helped to Conquer the Mountain|year=2013|publisher=Lyons Press|isbn=978-0-762-79192-7|page=424}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Commons and category|Edmund Hillary}}
*{{DNZB|title=Edmund Hillary biography|id=6H1|plainlink=y}} from the ''[[Dictionary of New Zealand Biography]]''
*{{New Zealand Sports Hall of Fame|H/Edmund-Hillary}}
* {{IMDb name|nm0384804}}
*[https://nzhistory.govt.nz/culture/edmund-hillary On top of the world: Ed Hillary] at nzhistory.net.nz
*[http://audiovisual.archives.govt.nz/wiki/index.php/Category:Sir_Edmund_Hillary Videos (10)] at the [[National Film Unit|New Zealand National Film Unit]]
*[http://www.tributes.com/obituary/show/Edmund-Hillary/83730831 Obituary of Edmund Hillary] at tributes.com
*[http://www.folkways.si.edu/sir-edmund-hillary/interview-with-mountain-climbing/oral-history-biography/album/smithsonian "Interview with Sir Edmund Hillary: Mountain Climbing"] at [[Smithsonian Folkways]]
*[https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p009mxk3 Edmund Hillary] on BBC Radio 4's ''[[Desert Island Discs]]'', 17 April 1979
*[https://www.aucklandmuseum.com/discover/collections-online/search?k=Sir+Edmund+Hillary+Archive Edmund Hillary's collection] at [[Auckland War Memorial Museum|Auckland War Memorial Museum Tāmaki Paenga Hira]]
*[http://www.wnyc.org/story/sir-edmund-hillary-scales-heights-literary-society Edmund Hillary addressing ''The New York Herald Tribune'' Book and Author Luncheon, February 10, 1954] broadcast by [[WNYC]]
* {{cite journal |title= Obituary: Sir Edmund Hillary |journal= The Telegraph |date= 11 January 2008 |url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1575208/Sir-Edmund-Hillary.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1575208/Sir-Edmund-Hillary.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date= 19 October 2018}}{{cbignore}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname= |sopt=w}}

{{Polar exploration|state=collapsed}}
{{Order of New Zealand}}
{{Padma Vibhushan Awards}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hillary, Edmund}}
[[Category:Edmund Hillary|*]]
[[Category:1919 births]]
[[Category:2008 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century memoirists]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of New Zealand to Nepal]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland]]
[[Category:New Zealand explorers of Antarctica]]
[[Category:High commissioners of New Zealand to Bangladesh]]
[[Category:High commissioners of New Zealand to India]]
[[Category:Members of the Order of Gorkha Dakshina Bahu, First Class]]
[[Category:Members of the Order of New Zealand]]
[[Category:New Zealand and the Antarctic]]
[[Category:New Zealand autobiographers]]
[[Category:New Zealand beekeepers]]
[[Category:New Zealand explorers]]
[[Category:New Zealand Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:New Zealand Knights of the Garter]]
[[Category:20th-century New Zealand male writers]]
[[Category:New Zealand memoirists]]
[[Category:New Zealand military personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:New Zealand people of English descent]]
[[Category:New Zealand recipients of the Polar Medal]]
[[Category:New Zealand summiteers of Mount Everest]]
[[Category:Non-fiction outdoors writers]]
[[Category:People associated with the Auckland War Memorial Museum]]
[[Category:People educated at Auckland Grammar School]]
[[Category:People from Auckland]]
[[Category:Sportspeople awarded knighthoods]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in sports]]
[[Category:Royal New Zealand Air Force personnel]]
[[Category:University of Auckland alumni]]

Rangammal

2026-03-18T04:47:05Z

StaciWinslow: Starting a details

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rangammal K. R.
| image =
| caption =
| death_date = 29 April 2022(83years)
| death_place = Telungupalayam, [[Coimbatore District]], [[Annur]]
| occupation = actress, sales person
| years_active = 1967 – 2022
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| birthname =
| othername =
| website =
| children = 12
| awards =
}}
'''Rangammal K. R.''' also known fondly among social circles as '''Rangammal Paati''' (died 29 April 2022) was an Indian actress who appeared in comedy roles as well as supporting roles in [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]]-language films during her career.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/793963-rangamma-patti-passed-away.html |title=பழம்பெரும் நடிகை ரங்கம்மா பாட்டி மறைவு |website=Hindu Tamil Thisai |date=30 April 2022 |language=ta |access-date=2022-04-30}}</ref> She had acted in over 1000 films in her career spanning over six decades. She shared screen space with different generations of actors.<ref>{{Citation |title=பிரபல நடிகை ரங்கம்மாள் பாட்டி உடல் நலக்‍குறைவால் உயிரிழப்பு {{!}} Actress Rangamma Dead | date=30 April 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3qXtq-ciG4s |access-date=2023-12-24 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-30 |title=பழம்பெரும் நடிகை ரங்கம்மா பாட்டி மறைவு |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/793963-rangamma-patti-passed-away.html |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=Hindu Tamil Thisai |language=ta}}</ref>

== Career ==
She began her acting career starring in films which had [[M. G. Ramachandran]] in the main lead roles.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2022-04-30 |title=Veteran Tamil Actress Rangamma Patti Passes Away at 83 |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/veteran-tamil-actress-rangamma-patti-passed-away-at-83-5085631.html |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=பிரபல பழம்பெரும் நடிகை ரெங்கம்மாள் பாட்டி காலமானார் |url=https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/videos/veteran-well-known-actress-rangammal-patti-passes-away-391200 |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=Zee Hindustan Tamil |language=ta}}</ref> She initially acted as a junior artist and in minor roles in films and she had acted in films starring opposite MGR and [[Sivaji Ganesan]] during the initial phase of her career.<ref>{{Citation |title=Exclusive Interview : Famous Comedy Actress Rangamal Patti live interview {{!}} rangamal patti | date=27 February 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pj_rtICh6tc |access-date=2023-12-24 |language=en}}</ref> She made her acting debut through ''[[Vivasayi]]'' (1967) directed by [[M. A. Thirumugam]] which had MGR in the main male lead role.<ref name=":2">{{Citation |title=வடிவேலுவின் பல காமெடிகளில் நடித்து பிரபலமான நகைச்சுவை நடிகை ரங்கம்மா பாட்டி காலமானார்..! | date=29 April 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fGI4nTncSwQ |access-date=2023-12-24 |language=en}}</ref> She appeared in a minor role in her debut film as a dancer in song portion. She made dupe in fight sequences for actresses including [[Latha (actress)|Latha]] and for several other actresses during the early phase of her cinema career. She appeared in a song sequence "Paramasivan Kazhuthil" where she sat alongside [[J. Jayalalithaa]] in the film ''[[Suryagandhi]]'' (1973).<ref>{{Citation |title=Surya Gandhi Old Tamil Movie Songs {{!}} Paramasivan Kazhuthil Video Song {{!}} Kannadasan {{!}} MSV |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CUarA-ienGk |access-date=2023-12-24 |language=en}}</ref>

She had a breakthrough role in ''[[Seevalaperi Pandi]]'' (1994) where she starred in the role as the mother of [[Napoleon (actor)|Napoleon]].<ref>{{Citation |title=நகைச்சுவை நடிகை ரங்கம்மா பாட்டி காலமானார் {{!}} Rangamma Patti | date=29 April 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7g0VmUgEKC4 |access-date=2023-12-24 |language=en}}</ref> She appeared in song sequence "Yaaro Yaarodi Unnoda Purushan" in ''[[Alai Payuthey]]'' (2000) starring opposite [[Shalini (actress)|Shalini]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Alaipayuthey Yaro Yarodi Song {{!}} Alaipayuthey Tamil Movie {{!}} Madhavan {{!}} Shalini {{!}} AR Rahman | date=9 November 2011 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wkB69vKHUi8 |access-date=2023-12-24 |language=en}}</ref> She then predominantly appeared in several films in comedy sequences regularly featuring alongside prominent comedians [[Vadivelu]] and [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Veteran Actress Rangamma Patti Opens Up About Her Health & Financial Condition! |url=https://astroulagam.com.my/entertainment/veteran-actress-rangamma-patti-opens-about-her-health-financial-condition-234165 |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=[[Astro Ulagam]]}}</ref> She had mostly appeared in films for a short timeframe but had made an impact on the viewers with her comedy performances. Her most notable iconic memorable comedy performance came in ''[[Kee Mu]]'' (2008) where she collaborated with Vadivelu in a scene involving a stray dog where she says, "porathu than pora appdiye antha naaya shunnu sollitu poppa", "karuppa irukkuravana kadikkathunu ninaichi sonnen".<ref>{{Citation |title=Vadivelu Dog Comedy Scene {{!}} Kee Mu {{!}} Hassan {{!}} Sarika {{!}} Vadivelu | date=20 July 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IW3urnjCbI8 |access-date=2023-12-24 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> She also made notable performance again collaborating with Vadivelu in a ghost chasing scene in ''[[Muniyandi Vilangial Moonramandu]]'' (2008).<ref>{{Citation |title=முனியாண்டி விலங்கியல் மூண்றாமாண்டு {{!}} பாவி காத்தாயி கிழவிய கொன்னுட்டிய Vadivelu {{!}} Vadivelu Comedy | date=11 December 2020 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sHG3M82jvdw |access-date=2023-12-24 |language=en}}</ref> She also featured in comedy roles in films alongside [[Ganja Karuppu]] and [[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Kanja Karuppu comedy | date=6 September 2017 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wOoGay9Qbbc |access-date=2023-12-24 |language=en}}</ref> She played a titular role in the film ''Paatti'' (2013) which had its theatrical release in February 2013.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Paati |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-details/paati/movieshow/62472244.cms |access-date=2023-12-24 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Biography ==
She hailed from [[Coimbatore district|Coimbatore District]] in Telungupalayam near [[Annur]]. She pursued an interest in cinema at young age and she started acting in stage dramas.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=தினத்தந்தி |date=2022-04-29 |title=நகைச்சுவை நடிகை ரங்கம்மா பாட்டி காலமானார் |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/CinemaNews/2022/04/29191110/Actress-Rengamma-Patti-died.vpf |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=www.dailythanthi.com |language=ta}}</ref> She was married to Rangasamy who was a police officer. Her husband Rangasamy died on 21 December 1987 and the couple had twelve children in the family including six sons and six daughters.

She returned to her hometown Telungupalayam during the latter part of her life owing to [[poverty]] and ageing concerns while it was also reported that her children did not financially support her. During the latter part of her life, she sold handkerchiefs and handicrafts to people at [[Marina Beach]] in [[Chennai]] for her livelihood as she struggled to cope with the economic situation owing to a lack of film opportunities.<ref>{{Citation |title=மெரினாவில் கர்சீப் விற்கும் ரங்கம்மாள் பாட்டி... {{!}} Rangammal Patti {{!}} Marina {{!}} Thanthi TV | date=27 December 2018 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pHxvt9zXBnM |access-date=2023-12-24 |language=en}}</ref> Her age was regarded as the prime reason for her being sidelined by filmmakers. However, Rangammal herself claimed that she got inspiration from her idol MGR to work hard in order to earn money and refuted rumors about her being left out by people around her, which propelled her to sell handkerchiefs at the beach.<ref>{{Citation |title=The Unsung Sridevi of Tamil Cinema : Rangammal Paati Interview {{!}} Nadigar Sangam | date=27 February 2018 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N05mynylL5A |access-date=2023-12-24 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=மலர் |first=மாலை |date=2018-12-24 |title=மெரினாவில் கர்சீப் விற்கும் ரங்கம்மாள் பாட்டி - நடிகர் சங்கம் உதவ கோரிக்கை |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinemanews/2018/12/24094308/1219593/Grand-Mother-Actress-Rangammal-Seek-help-from-Nadigar.vpf |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=www.maalaimalar.com |language=ta}}</ref>

== Death ==
She died on 29 April 2022 at the age of 83 in Teleguyupalyam, [[Coimbatore]] due to age-related ailments.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Veteran Actress Rangamma Patti Passes Away |url=https://astroulagam.com.my/entertainment/veteran-actress-rangamma-patti-passes-away-242658 |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=astroulagam.com.my}}</ref> She was very active up until the end of her lifetime, selling items on the beach.

== Selected filmography ==

=== Films ===
{{cast listing|
* ''[[Vivasayi]]'' (1967)
* ''[[Kaavalkaaran]]'' (1967)
* [[Nam Naadu (1969 film)|''Nam Naadu'']] (1969)
* ''[[En Annan]]'' (1970)
* ''[[Nalla Neram]]'' (1972)
* ''[[Naan Yen Pirandhen]]'' (1972)
* ''[[Rajaraja Cholan]]'' (1973)
* ''[[Suryagandhi]]'' (1973)
* ''[[Ninaithadhai Mudippavan]]'' (1975)
* ''[[Needhikku Thalaivanangu]]'' (1976)
* ''[[Meenava Nanban]]'' (1977)
* [[Padikkadavan (1985 film)|''Padikkadavan'']] (1985)
* ''[[Panakkaran]]'' (1990)
* [[Roja (film)|''Roja'']] (1992)
* ''[[Uthama Raasa]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Seevalaperi Pandi]]'' (1994) as Pandi's mother
* ''[[Aval Varuvala]]'' (1998)
* ''[[Rojavanam]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Alai Payuthey]]'' (2000)
* [[Baba (2002 film)|''Baba'']] (2002)
* [[Aai (film)|''Aai'']] (2004)
* ''[[Mercury Pookkal]]'' (2006; uncredited)
* [[Muni (film)|''Muni'']] (2007)
* [[Marudhamalai (film)|''Marudhamalai'']] (2007)
* ''[[Muniyandi Vilangial Moonramandu]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Kee Mu]]'' (2008)
* [[Bale Pandiya (2010 film)|''Bale Pandiya'']] (2010)
* ''[[Magizhchi]]'' (2010) as Thiravi's grandaunt
* ''[[Kola Kolaya Mundhirika]]'' (2010)
* [[Kanchana (2011 film)|''Kanchana'']] (2011)
* ''[[Pattathu Yaanai]]'' (2013) as K. R. as Gouravam's servant
* ''[[Paatti]]'' (2013)
* [[Paranjothi (film)|''Paranjothi'']] (2015)
* [[NOTA (film)|''NOTA'']] (2018)
* [[Pistha (2022 film)|''Pistha'']] (2022)
}}

=== Web series ===

* ''[[Putham Pudhu Kaalai Vidiyaadhaa]]'' (2022)

=== Short films ===

* ''Kuttimaa'' (2013)
* ''The Yellow Festival'' (2015)
* ''Renuka'' (2018)
* ''Postman''

== See also ==
*[[Paravai Muniyamma]]
*[[Rockstar Ramani Ammal]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|nm5523588}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rangammal}}
[[Category:1930s births]]
[[Category:2022 deaths]]
[[Category:Tamil actresses]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Tamil comedians]]
[[Category:Indian women comedians]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:People from Coimbatore district]]

Mishra

2026-03-17T21:38:49Z

StaciWinslow: minor corrected lead based on references further and corrected details

{{short description|Brahmin surname from the Indian subcontinent}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}

'''Mishra''' is a surname found among Hindu [[Brahmin]],<ref>{{cite book|title=Defying the Odds: The Rise of Dalit Entrepreneurs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sSz_AwAAQBAJ&q=mishra+brahmin&pg=PT112|page=Contents|publisher=Random House India|year=2014|author=Devesh Kapur, D Shyam Babu, Chandra Bhan Prasad|isbn = 9788184006391}}</ref> in the northern, eastern, western and central parts of [[India]] and in Nepal.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lal|first1=C.K.|title=Cultural flows across a blurred boundary|url=http://www.li.suu.edu/library/circulation/Gurung/soc3110sgCulturalFlowsAcrossBlurredBoundarySp13.pdf|publisher=Southern Utah University|accessdate=21 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915033849/http://www.li.suu.edu/library/circulation/Gurung/soc3110sgCulturalFlowsAcrossBlurredBoundarySp13.pdf |archive-date=15 September 2015}}</ref> This is the list of notable people with Mishra surname, who may or may not be associated with the Brahmin caste.

==Army personnel==
* [[Avijit Misra]] – Colonel in [[Indian Army]]
* [[B. D. Mishra]] – former [[Brigadier (India)|brigadier]] of the Indian Army, 2nd [[Lieutenant Governor - India|Lieutenant Governor]] of [[Ladakh]]

==Corporate and business personalities==
* [[Rajeev Misra]] – London-based banker and executive, former CEO of Softbank

==Doctors==
* [[Anoop Misra]] – [[Endocrinologist]]
* [[B. K. Misra]] – Neurosurgeon
* [[Mohan Mishra]] – Physician

==Entertainers==
* [[Akhilendra Mishra]] – Indian film and television character actor.
* [[Amit Mishra (singer)]] – Indian singer and songwriter
* [[Leela Mishra]] – film actor
* [[Piyush Mishra]] – Indian film actor, music director, lyricist, and writer
* [[Prachi Mishra]] – Femina Miss India Earth 2012
* [[Sanjay Mishra (actor)]] – Indian actor and comedian known from the show ''[[Office Office]]''
* [[S. K. Misro]] – Telugu film and theatre personality
* [[Smriti Mishra]] – Indian film actress famous for her roles in parallel cinema.
* [[Sudhir Mishra]] – Indian film director and screenwriter
* [[Sugandha Mishra]] – Indian singer and television presenter
* [[Vanya Mishra]] – [[Femina Miss India]] 2012
* [[Pravisht Mishra]] – Indian Television actor since 2011
* [[Vishal Mishra (composer)]] - Indian music composer and singer
* [[Vishal Mishra (director)]] - Indian Hindi film writer and director

==Government officers==
* [[Baidyanath Misra]] – former 1 of the [[Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology]]
* [[Brajesh Mishra]] (First National Security Advisor of India)
* [[Durga Shanker Mishra]] -Principal Secretary Ministry of housing and urban affairs, India
* [[Nripendra Misra]] – Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister of India
* [[Ramakant Mishra]] – [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] officer and renowned scholar
* [[Satyananda Mishra]] – [[National Security Advisor (India)|National Security Advisor]]
* [[Vikas Mishra (economist)]] – former Vice-Chancellor of [[Kurukshetra University]]

==Judiciary==
* [[Arun Kumar Mishra]] – Former Judge of the Supreme Court of India and current Chairperson of [[National Human Rights Commission of India]]
* [[Dipak Misra]] – Former Chief Justice of India
* [[Gyan Sudha Mishra]] – Judge of the Supreme Court of India
* [[Kanhaiya Lal Misra]] – Advocate General (Uttar Pradesh)
* [[Manoj Misra]] – Judge of the Supreme Court of India
* [[Prashant Kumar Mishra]] – Judge of the Supreme Court of India
* [[Ranganath Misra]] – Former Chief Justice of India, known for '[[Mishra Commission]]'

==Performing artists==
* [[Baiju Bawra]] – Singer
* [[Bhubaneswari Mishra]] – [[Odia people|Odia]] classical singer
* [[Birju Maharaj]] – [[Kathak]] dancer
* [[Chhannulal Mishra]] – [[Hindustani classical music]] singer
* [[Debojyoti Mishra]] – Indian [[music director]] and [[film composer]]
* [[Lalmani Misra]] – Indian classical musician
* [[Lisa Mishra]] – American singer and composer
* [[Rajan and Sajan Mishra]] – Contemporary North Indian Musician
* [[Sanjay Mishra (musician)]] – Indian born American guitarist and composer
* [[Shivnath Mishra]] – Indian [[sitarist]] and composer
* [[Pravisht Mishra]] – Indian [[actor]] from [[Prayagraj]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]

==Poets and scholars==
* [[Bhawani Prasad Mishra]] – Poet (1913–1985)
* [[Godabarish Mishra]] – Poet
* [[Hara Prasad Misra]] – Scholar in oxidative free radical research
* [[Hemanta Mishra]], Nepalese conservation biologist
* [[Jayamant Mishra]] (1925–2010), Sanskrit scholar and Maithili poet
* [[Keshavdas]] – [[Sanskrit]] scholar
* [[Madan Mohan Mishra]], Nepalese author
* [[Maṇḍana Miśra]] – 8th century Indian philosopher, Maṇḍana Miśra is best known as the author of the Brahmasiddhi
* [[Prabhat Mishra]], Professor in the Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering and a UF Research Foundation Professor at the [[University of Florida]]
* [[Rambhadracharya]], Jagadguru Ramanandacharya Swami Rambhadracharya, Founder [[Tulsi Peeth]] and Founder Chancellor [[Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University]], Chitrakoot
* [[Ramdarash Mishra]] (1924–2025), Indian poet, writer and academic
* [[Koorathazhwan|Srivatsanka Mishra]] – also called Koorathazhwar, Philosopher in [[Vishishtadvaita]] philosophy & disciple of [[Ramanuja]]charya
* [[Vācaspati Miśra]], 10th century scholar, Author of TattvaBindu

==Politicians==
* [[Abhishek Mishra]] – Former member of the legislative assembly of Uttar Pradesh.
* [[Bhadrakali Mishra]] – Senior (Nepali) politician, Minister and Chairperson of [[Birendra of Nepal|King Bridendra]]'s Privy Council
* [[Chaturanan Mishra]] – Former Indian Agriculture Minister
* [[Dwarka Prasad Mishra]] – Politician, former [[chief minister]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]]
* [[Gajaraj Mishra]], Nepalese politician and courtier allied to Prince Chautariya [[Bahadur Shah of Nepal]] and [[Vamsharaj Pande]]
* [[Hari Shankar Mishra]] – Nepali politician, former MP and Governor of [[Province No. 2|Province No 2]] (son of [[Ram Narayan Mishra]])
* [[Ishwar Dayal Mishra]] – Former minister Physical Infrastructure Govt Of Nepal and member of Constitutional assembly
* [[Jagannath Mishra]] – Politician, former chief minister of [[Bihar]]
* [[Janeshwar Mishra]] (Samajwadi Party Leader)
* [[Kalraj Mishra]] – Former Union Minister for MSME
* [[Lalit Narayan Mishra]] – Former Indian Rail Minister
* [[Narottam Mishra]] – Minister of Home Affairs in the [[Government of Madhya Pradesh]]
* [[Navendu Mishra]] – British Labour MP
* [[Nitish Mishra]] – JDU Leader Bihar and state Cabinet minister of Bihar
* [[Prem Chandra Mishra]] – Member of Legislative Council, Bihar, [[Indian National Congress]] politician and former Bihar [[NSUI]] Chief.
* [[Rabindra Mishra]], Nepalese politician and former journalist
* [[Ram Narayan Mishra|Ram Naryan Mishra]] – Nepali politician, Minister in [[B.P. Koirala cabinet, 1959|BP Koirala cabinet]] (brother of [[Bhadrakali Mishra]])
* [[Satish Chandra Mishra]] (BSP Leader) Former Advocate General UP
* [[Shyam Nandan Prasad Mishra]] – [[Indian National Congress]] politician, eminent Parliamentarian and Central Minister
* [[Sripati Mishra|Sripati Misra]] (Former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh)
* [[Surjya Kanta Mishra]] – CPIM Leader, Leader of Opposition Bengal Assembly
* [[Vijay Mishra (gangster)|Vijay Mishra]] - Indian gangster and a politician who has represented [[Gyanpur constituency]]

==Sportsperson==
* [[Amit Mishra]] – Indian cricketer
* [[Mohnish Mishra]] – Indian cricketer
* [[Suresh Kumar Mishra]] – Former Indian [[volleyball]] team captain
* [[Tanmay Mishra]] – Kenyan cricketer
* [[Abhimanyu Mishra]] – US Chess player of Indian origin holding the record of being the youngest Chess Grandmaster in the world.

==Writers==
* [[Govind Mishra]] – Indian novelist.
* [[Jaishree Misra]] – Indian essay-ist and novelist
* [[Pankaj Mishra]] – Indian essay-ist and novelist
* [[Pratap Narayan Mishra]] – Indian writer
* [[Subimal Mishra]] – Indian [[Bengali language|Bengali]] novelist, short story writer, and essayist

==Other notable persons==
* [[Anupam Mishra]] – Environmentalist & [[water conservationist]]
* [[Columbia Mishra]] – Indian-American aerospace engineer
* [[Neelesh Misra]] – Journalist
* [[Vishal Misra]] – Indian-American scientist at [[Columbia University]]
* [[Rahul Mishra]] – Indian fashion designer
* [[Rakesh Mishra]] – Indian scientist specialising in [[genomics]] and [[epigenetics]]
* [[Sameer Mishra]] – [[81st Scripps National Spelling Bee]] champion (USA)
* [[Sourav Mishra]] – [[Reuters]] journalist, one of the first witnesses of [[2008 Mumbai Attacks]]
* [[Sudhir Kumar Mishra]] – Aerospace engineer, CEO of [[BrahMos Aerospace]]

==References==
{{commons category|Mishra (surname)}}
{{reflist}}

{{surname}}

[[Category:Surnames]]
[[Category:Surnames of Hindu origin]]
[[Category:Surnames of Indian origin]]
[[Category:Brahmin communities]]
[[Category:Surnames of Nepalese origin]]
[[Category:Culture of Bihar]]
[[Category:Bihari-language surnames]]
[[Category:Surnames of Hindustani origin]]
[[Category:Culture of Mithila]]
[[Category:Odia-language surnames]]

2021–22 Ranji Trophy Group D

2026-03-14T21:47:51Z

StaciWinslow:

{{short description|Cricket tournament}}
{{use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament
| name = 2021–22 Ranji Trophy Group D
| fromdate = 17 February
| todate = 26 June 2022
| administrator = [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]]
| cricket format = [[First-class cricket]]
| tournament format = [[Round-robin tournament|Round-robin]] then [[Single-elimination tournament|knockout]]
| host =
| champions =
| count =
| participants = 4
| matches =
| most runs =
| most wickets =
| website =
| previous_year = 2020–21
| previous_tournament = 2020–21 Ranji Trophy
| next_year =2022–23
| next_tournament =
}}
{{2021–22 Indian domestic cricket season}}
The '''2021–22 Ranji Trophy''' was the 87th season of the [[Ranji Trophy]], the premier [[first-class cricket]] tournament in India.<ref name=START1>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ranji-trophy-returns-after-gap-year-due-to-covid-19-as-bcci-announces-2021-22-domestic-calendar-1268528 |title=Ranji Trophy returns as BCCI announces full 2021-22 domestic season |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=3 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2021/news/154550/bcci-announces-india-s-domestic-season-for-2021-22 |title=BCCI announces India's domestic season for 2021-22 |work=The Board of Control for Cricket in India |access-date=3 July 2021}}</ref> It was contested by 38 teams, divided into eight groups, with four teams in Group D.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ranji-trophy-to-be-held-in-two-phases-between-february-10-and-june-26-1299725 |title=BCCI unveils two-phased plan for Ranji Trophy |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=3 February 2022}}</ref> All the Group D league matches took place in [[Ahmedabad]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/ranji-trophy-first-phase-from-feb-10-knockouts-from-may-30-matches-reduced-for-teams-7755175/ |title=65 matches, 9 venues, 2 phases: Ranji Trophy after 22 months |work=The Indian Express |access-date=3 February 2022}}</ref> The tournament was announced by the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (BCCI) on 3 July 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2021/news/154550/bcci-announces-india-s-domestic-season-for-2021-22|title=BCCI announces India's domestic season for 2021-22|work=Board of Control for Cricket in India|access-date=3 July 2021}}</ref> [[Mumbai cricket team|Mumabi]] won Group D to progress to the [[2021–22 Ranji Trophy#Knockout stage|knockout stage]] of the tournament.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ranji-trophy-2021-22-sarfaraz-khan-century-puts-mumbai-in-quarter-finals-tamil-nadu-knocked-out-1303996 |title=Sarfaraz's century puts Mumbai in quarter-finals; Tamil Nadu knocked out |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=13 March 2022}}</ref>

==Points table==
{{2021–22 Ranji Trophy Group D}}

==Fixtures==
===Round 1===
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 17–20 February 2022
| team1 = [[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]]
| team2 = [[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]]

| score-team1-inns1 = 544/7[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (157 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Sarfaraz Khan (cricketer)|Sarfaraz Khan]] 275 (401)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Chirag Jani (cricketer)|Chirag Jani]] 2/83 (27 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 220 (64.3 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Sheldon Jackson]] 61 (88)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Shams Mulani]] 4/55 (18 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 =
| runs-team1-inns2 =
| wickets-team1-inns2 =

| score-team2-inns2 = 372/9 (116 overs) ([[Follow-on|f/o]])
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Snell Patel]] 98 (155)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Shams Mulani]] 7/114 (42 overs)

| result = Match drawn
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1280414.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Narendra Modi Stadium]], [[Ahmedabad]]
| umpires = [[Chirra Ravikanthreddy]] and Sanjay Kumar Singh
| motm = [[Sarfaraz Khan (cricketer)|Sarfaraz Khan]] (Mumbai)
| toss = Mumbai won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = [[Mohit Avasthi]], Sachin Yadav and Siddharth Raut (Mumbai) all made their first-class debuts.
}}
----
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 17–20 February 2022
| team1 = [[Goa cricket team|Goa]]
| team2 = [[Odisha cricket team|Odisha]]

| score-team1-inns1 = 181 (64 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Eknath Kerkar]] 76 (113)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Basant Mohanty]] 3/27 (18 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 189 (56 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Rajesh Dhuper]] 71[[not out|*]] (107)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Shubham Ranjane]] 5/49 (15 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 394/5[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (106.1 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Snehal Kauthankar]] 165[[not out|*]] (175)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Abhishek Raut]] 3/106 (22 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 239/7 (100 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Shantanu Mishra]] 103 (267)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Amit Yadav]] 2/24 (26 overs)

| result = Match drawn
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1280415.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Narendra Modi Stadium|Sardar Patel Stadium B Ground]], [[Ahmedabad]]
| umpires = [[Abhijit Deshmukh (umpire)|Abhijit Deshmukh]] and [[Nikhil Patwardhan]]
| motm = [[Rajesh Dhuper]] (Odisha)
| toss = Odisha won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Ashish Rai (cricketer)|Ashish Rai]] (Odisha) made his first-class debut.
}}

===Round 2===
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 24–27 February 2022
| team1 = [[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]]
| team2 = [[Odisha cricket team|Odisha]]

| score-team1-inns1 = 501 (144.3 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Chirag Jani (cricketer)|Chirag Jani]] 235 (373)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Jayanta Behera]] 4/148 (32.3 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 165 (60 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Rajesh Dhuper]] 51 (76)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Dharmendrasinh Jadeja]] 4/48 (23 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 =
| runs-team1-inns2 =
| wickets-team1-inns2 =

| score-team2-inns2 = 205 (83 overs) ([[follow-on|f/o]])
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Shantanu Mishra]] 65 (159)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Dharmendrasinh Jadeja]] 7/88 (34 overs)

| result = Saurashtra won by an innings and 131 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1280433.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Narendra Modi Stadium|Sardar Patel Stadium B Ground]], [[Ahmedabad]]
| umpires = AV Bhanushali and [[Nikhil Patwardhan]]
| motm = [[Chirag Jani (cricketer)|Chirag Jani]] (Saurashtra)
| toss = Saurashtra won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 24–27 February 2022
| team1 = [[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]]
| team2 = [[Goa cricket team|Goa]]

| score-team1-inns1 = 163 (52.4 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Sarfaraz Khan (cricketer)|Sarfaraz Khan]] 63 (110)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Lakshay Garg]] 6/46 (14.4 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 327 (104.4 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Eknath Kerkar]] 71 (148)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Shams Mulani]] 6/107 (36.4 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 395/9[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (132 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Tanush Kotian]] 98 (163)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Darshan Misal]] 3/102 (36 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 112 (48 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Amulya Pandrekar]] 23[[not out|*]] (42)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Shams Mulani]] 5/60 (22 overs)

| result = Mumbai won by 119 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1280434.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Narendra Modi Stadium]], [[Ahmedabad]]
| umpires = [[Kamlesh Sharma (umpire)|Kamlesh Sharma]] and Sanjay Kumar Singh
| motm = [[Shams Mulani]] (Mumbai)
| toss = Mumbai won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = [[Prashant Solanki]] (Mumbai) made his first-class debut.
}}

===Round 3===
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 3–6 March 2022
| team1 = [[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]]
| team2 = [[Goa cricket team|Goa]]

| score-team1-inns1 = 347 (87.4 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Chirag Jani (cricketer)|Chirag Jani]] 140 (190)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Suyash Prabhudessai]] 2/36 (9 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 311 (109.5 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Suyash Prabhudessai]] 64 (133)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Chetan Sakariya]] 3/55 (14 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 305/3[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (57 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Harvik Desai]] 77 (114)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Malliksab Sirur]] 1/26 (6 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 130 (34.3 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Suyash Prabhudessai]] 39 (71)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Chetan Sakariya]] 6/38 (11 overs)

| result = Saurashtra won by 311 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1280452.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Narendra Modi Stadium]], [[Ahmedabad]]
| umpires = AV Bhanushali and [[Chirra Ravikanthreddy]]
| motm = [[Chirag Jani (cricketer)|Chirag Jani]] (Saurashtra)
| toss = Saurashtra won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = [[Malliksab Sirur]] (Goa) made his first-class debut.
}}
----
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 3–6 March 2022
| team1 = [[Odisha cricket team|Odisha]]
| team2 = [[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]]

| score-team1-inns1 = 284 (107.1 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Shantanu Mishra]] 89 (213)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Mohit Avasthi]] 3/66 (21 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 532/9[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (131 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Sarfaraz Khan]] 165 (181)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Rajesh Mohanty]] 3/123 (30 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 140 (42 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Abhishek Raut]] 59 (71)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Shams Mulani]] 5/64 (18 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 =
| runs-team2-inns2 =
| wickets-team2-inns2 =

| result = Mumbai won by an innings and 108 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1280453.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Narendra Modi Stadium|Sardar Patel Stadium B Ground]], [[Ahmedabad]]
| umpires = [[Abhijit Deshmukh (umpire)|Abhijit Deshmukh]] and [[Kamlesh Sharma (umpire)|Kamlesh Sharma]]
| motm = [[Sarfaraz Khan]] (Mumbai)
| toss = Odisha won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = Prasanta Rana (Odisha) made his first-class debut.
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Ranji Trophy}}
{{Domestic cricket in 2021–22}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ranji Trophy, 2021-22}}
[[Category:2021 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:2022 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:Domestic cricket competitions in 2021–22]]
[[Category:Ranji Trophy seasons]]

Neyyar Dam

2026-03-14T15:24:34Z

StaciWinslow: minor cleanup

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox dam
| name = Neyyar Dam
| image = Neyyar Dam Full View.jpg
| image_caption = Neyyar Dam
| dam_crosses = [[Neyyar River|Neyyar river]]
| coordinates = {{coord|8|32|5|N|77|8|45|E |region:IN-KL_type:landmark |display=inline,title}}
| location_map = India Kerala#India
| location = [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| operator = [[Government of Kerala]]
| dam_length = {{Convert|294|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| dam_height = {{Convert|56|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| dam_volume = {{Convert|105000|m3|ft3|0|abbr=on}}
| dam_type = G
| spillway_capacity = {{Convert|809|m3/s|ft3/s|0|abbr=on}}
| dam_width_base =
| construction_began =
| opening = {{start date and age|1958|}}
| cost =
| res_name =
| res_capacity_total = {{Convert|1060000000|m3|acre.ft|0|abbr=on}}
| res_capacity_active = {{Convert|1010000000|m3|acre.ft|0|abbr=on}}
| res_catchment =
| res_surface = {{Convert|91|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}
| plant_turbines =
| plant_capacity =
| plant_annual_gen =
| extra =
| website =
| status = O
| spillway_count = 4
}}
'''Neyyar dam''' is a [[gravity dam]] on the [[Neyyar River]] in [[Thiruvananthapuram district]] of [[Kerala]], [[South India]], located on the foot of the [[Western Ghats]] about 30 km from [[Thiruvananthapuram]].<ref name="South India Handbook">South India Handbook By Roma Bradnock</ref> It was established in 1958 and is a popular picnic spot.The Neyyardam was built in the land given by a famous agriculturist and landlord Mr. Karuvachi Krishnan Panicker,(Father of Kallikkad Kesavan Panicker(Father of Kallikad Ramachandran) ) Maruthummootil, Kallikkad and many of his family members from Kallikkad.
[[File:Neyyar Dam.jpg|thumb|left|180px|From below]]
[[File:NeyyarDam.jpg|thumb|left|180px|Reservoir side]]
[[File:Neyyar 15-Mar-2007 11-40-16.JPG|thumb|left|180px|Reservoir]]
==History==
Neyyar 2nd State (relates to both Madras and Kerala States) Government of Kerala started work on the project in their area in October 1956.<ref>https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/1715/1/lsd_02_05_05-09-1958.pdf page 54</ref>

==Design==
The Neyyar Dam is a rubble masonry gravity-type dam with a height of {{Convert|56|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} and length of {{Convert|295|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}. Its structural volume is {{Convert|105000|m3|ft3|0|abbr=on}}. The dam creates a reservoir of {{Convert|106200000|m3|acre.ft|0|abbr=on}} of which {{Convert|101000000|m3|acre.ft|0|abbr=on}} is active (useful) capacity. The reservoir's surface area is {{Convert|91|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}} and the dam's spillway has an {{Convert|809.40|m3/s|ft3/s|0|abbr=on}} maximum discharge capacity.<ref>{{cite web|title=National Register of Large Dams - India|url=http://www.cwc.nic.in/main/downloads/National%20Register%20of%20Large%20Dams%202009.pdf|publisher=Central Water Commission|access-date=2 April 2011|pages=84|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721165130/http://www.cwc.nic.in/main/downloads/National%20Register%20of%20Large%20Dams%202009.pdf|archive-date=21 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
One of the contractors who built the Neyyar Dam was Mr Jagathy Chellappan Contractor of Jagathy, Thiruvananthapuram.

==Wildlife==
Wild life includes [[Gaur]], [[Sloth bear]], [[Nilgiri Tahr]], [[Jungle cat]], Nilgiri [[langur]], Wild [[elephant]]s and [[sambar (deer)|Sambar deer]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2007}}

==Activities==
;Yoga
Neyyar Dam is home to the Sivananda Yoga Vedanta Dhanwanthari Ashram where people can take courses in yoga and practice meditation. The trees that are growing inside the ashram are large due to care by the people.

;Boating
Tourists can hire a speed boat for Rs 250 per head to view the surrounding forests.<ref name="South India Handbook"/>

;Crocodile Rehabilitation and Research Centre
A crocodile farm was set up in 1977. It also includes a habitat for otters near the administrative complex. The Crocodile Rehabilitation and Research Centre in Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary was named initially by the Kerala government after the late naturalist [[Steve Irwin]] as Steve Irwin National Park.

==Attractions==
[[File:Tower (62029365).jpeg|thumb|120px|left|Watch tower at Neyyar Dam]]
* Lion safari park (Not open anymore due to the lions not breeding)
* Boating
* Deer park
* [[Crocodile Rehabilitation and Research Centre]]
* Miniature wild life sanctuary
* Lake garden
* Swimming pool
* Watch tower
* Elephant riding
{{clear|left}}
==Transport==
The nearest airport is [[Thiruvananthapuram International Airport]], 38 km away, and the nearest railway station is at [[Thiruvananthapuram]], 30 km away.

==References==
{{commons category}}
{{reflist}}

{{Tourism in Kerala}}
{{Dams in Kerala}}

[[Category:Dams in Thiruvananthapuram district]]
[[Category:Reservoirs in Kerala]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Thiruvananthapuram district]]
[[Category:Dams completed in 1958]]
[[Category:1958 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]

St Antony's Forane Church, Kannamaly

2026-03-12T12:10:44Z

StaciWinslow: made new details nd citations!

{{Infobox church
| name = St. Antony's Forane Church
| fullname = St. Antony's Forane Church & St. Joseph's Miraculous Shrine
| other name = Kannamaly Pally
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = Kannamaly Church Ernakulam.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =

| pushpin map = India Kerala
| pushpin label position = left
| pushpin map alt =
| pushpin mapsize = 220
| map caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|9.875648|N|76.264606|E|display=inline,title}}

| location = Kannamaly, Kochi, Ernakulam district, Kerala
| country = India

| denomination = [[Catholic Church|Catholic]]
| sui iuris church = [[Latin Church]]
| tradition = [[Roman Rite]]
| membership =
| attendance =

| website = {{Official Website}}

| former name =
| bull date =
| founded date = {{start date|1873|df=y}} (as parish)
| founder =
| dedication = [[Anthony of Padua|St. Antony of Padua]]
| dedicated date =
| consecrated date =
| cult =
| relics =
| events =
| past bishop =
| people =

| status = [[Forane]] Church (Parish)
| functional status = Active
| heritage designation =
| designated date =
| architect =
| architectural type = [[Church (building)|Church]]
| style = Roman-inspired (modeled on the [[Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls]])
| years built = Early 20th century – 1942
| groundbreaking =
| completed date =
| construction cost =
| closed date =
| demolished date =

| capacity =
| length =
| width =
| width nave =
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| parish = Kannamaly
| deanery =
| diocese = [[Diocese of Cochin]]
| province = [[Archdiocese of Verapoly]]

| archbishop =
| bishop =
| priest =

| embedded =
| logo =
| logosize =
| logolink =
| logoalt =
}}
'''St. Antony's Forane Church''' (also known as '''Kannamaly Pally''') is a historic Catholic [[Latin Church]] pilgrimage church located in [[Kannamaly]], a coastal suburb of [[Kochi]], in the [[Ernakulam district]] of [[Kerala]], India. The church is administered by the [[Diocese of Cochin]], and is known for '''St. Joseph's Miraculous Shrine''', which is attached to it. The church is particularly famous for its annual [[Kannamaly#Feast of St Joseph|feast]] on March 19, which features a massive communal meal known as the ''Nercha Sadhya'', an event that draws hundreds of thousands of pilgrims.<ref name="hindu-2015" /><ref name="church-website" />

== History ==
The origins of the Christian community in [[Kannamaly]] date back to 1745, when a small chapel was constructed. This original structure, located approximately 2.5 Km west of the current site, was eventually lost to severe sea erosion.<ref name="church-website" /> For an extended period, the Catholic community of Kannamaly was under the pastoral care of St. Louis Church in [[Mundamveli]]. This changed in 1873, when Kannamaly was established as an independent parish.<ref name="church-website" />

The present church building is the third on the current site, its predecessors also having been damaged by [[coastal erosion]] and sea attacks. The foundation stone for the current edifice was laid in the early 20th century. On November 22, 1942, the church was blessed and dedicated to [[Saint Antony of Padua]] by Dom [[José Vieira Alvernaz]], the 31st Portuguese Bishop of Cochin. The architecture of this structure is inspired by the [[Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls]] in Rome.<ref name="church-website" />

== St. Joseph's Miraculous Shrine and the 1905 Miracle ==
While the parish church is dedicated to St. Antony, its fame is linked to the adjacent Shrine of [[St. Joseph]].<ref name="church-website" />

According to local tradition and church records, a catastrophic event—described in some accounts as a [[tsunami]] struck the Kannamaly coast in 1905.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Fides |first=Agenzia |title=ASIA/INDIA - The fishermen of Kerala, devoted to St. Joseph - Agenzia Fides |url=https://www.fides.org/en/news/62039-ASIA_INDIA_The_fishermen_of_Kerala_devoted_to_St_Joseph |access-date=2026-03-03 |website=www.fides.org}}</ref> The ensuing destruction of freshwater sources led to a [[cholera]] epidemic, which caused numerous deaths and widespread suffering among the predominantly fishing community.<ref name="church-website" />

The parish priest at the time, Fr. Joseph Suarez (or Swaras), found himself overwhelmed by the crisis. Facing despair, tradition holds that on the night of March 18, Fr. Suarez had a vision of St. Joseph.<ref name=":0" /> The next morning, March 19, the Feast of St. Joseph, he gathered the surviving faithful. He prepared a meal, blessed it, and shared it with the people, encouraging them to take it to their sick family members, despite the fear of contagion.<ref name=":0" /> It is believed that those who partook of this blessed meal were miraculously cured, and the cholera epidemic ceased in Kannamaly.<ref name="church-website" /><ref name="hindu-2015" />

In gratitude for this believed intercession, the community vowed to commemorate the event annually. The tradition of the ''Nercha Sadhya'' (votive meal) began that very year, 1905, and has continued uninterrupted for over a century.<ref name="hindu-2015" /> Central to this devotion is a statue of St. Joseph, which was brought from Spain in 1905, the same year as the miraculous event, and is venerated as a "Miraculous Statue."<ref name="church-website" />

== The Annual Feast and ''Nercha Sadhya'' ==
The Feast of St. Joseph, celebrated annually on March 19, is the church's most significant event. Locally known as ''Oottu Thirunal'' (Feast of Feeding), it transforms the village of Kannamaly into a pilgrimage center. The main attraction is the blessed communal meal, which is called the ''Nercha Sadhya'', and is served to all attendees.<ref name="hindu-2015" /><ref name="church-website" />

The event involves the parish's 1,500 families and numerous volunteers from across Kerala. Preparations begin weeks in advance. A dedicated committee oversees the procurement of provisions, often donated by devotees. This includes sacks of rice, vegetables like yam (with one family reportedly donating 2,000 kilos annually), onions (1,000 kilos), bitter gourd (500 kilos), mangoes (800 kilos), coconuts, and other ingredients.<ref name="hindu-2015" />

In the days leading up to the feast, large-scale food preparation takes place in a makeshift kitchen on the church grounds. On the night of March 18, huge fires are lit to cook rice and curries in massive vessels throughout the night.<ref name="hindu-2015" />

On the feast day, following a solemn Mass, food distribution begins. While historically served as a traditional ''sadya'' on banana leaves for people seated on the ground, the massive crowds have led to adaptations, such as a buffet system, to manage the flow. Estimates suggest the meal is served to between 100,000 and 250,000 people, with volunteers distributing food continuously for up to 12 hours.<ref name="hindu-2015" />

== Architecture ==
The church building is a prominent landmark on the coastal highway, featuring a tall white facade accented with sea-blue window frames. Its design is inspired by the [[Basilica of St. Paul Outside the Walls]] in Rome. The interior is noted for its colorful stained glass windows and the glass-encased, venerated image of St. Joseph in the adjacent miraculous shrine.<ref name="church-website" />

== Administration and location ==
St. Antony's Church is a Catholic [[Latin Church]] forane (diocesan) parish under the jurisdiction of the [[Diocese of Cochin]]. It is situated in the village of Kannamaly, a narrow strip of land bordered by the [[Arabian Sea]] to the west and the Kannamaly backwaters (''kayal'') to the east. The village is located near [[Chellanam]] in the [[Ernakulam]] district and comes under the [[Kochi]] taluk.<ref name="lsgkerala">{{cite web |title=Kannamaly Grama Panchayat |url=https://lsgkerala.in/kannamalypanchayat/ |website=Local Self Government Department, Kerala Government |access-date=1 March 2026}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Kannamaly Church Ernakulam.jpg|Forane Church Kannamaly
File:കണ്ണമാലി പഴയ പള്ളി.jpg|Old Church
File:Kannamaly Church inside.jpg|Interior View of The church
</gallery>

== See also ==
* [[Christianity in Kerala]]
* [[St Louis Church, Mundamveli]]

== References ==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="church-website">{{cite web |title=Church History |url=https://kannamalychurch.com/history/ |website=St. Antony's Church & St. Joseph's Miraculous Shrine |access-date=26 February 2026 |ref=none}}</ref>
<ref name="hindu-2015">{{cite news |last=S |first=Priyadershini |date=18 March 2015 |title=A thousand kilos of curry |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/a-thousand-kilos-of-curry/article7007629.ece |work=The Hindu |issn=0971-751X |access-date=26 February 2026}}</ref>
<ref name="lsgkerala">{{cite web |title=Kannamaly Grama Panchayat |url=https://lsgkerala.in/kannamalypanchayat/ |website=Local Self Government Department, Kerala Government |access-date=1 March 2026}}</ref>
}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{cite news |last=S |first=Priyadershini |date=18 March 2015 |title=A thousand kilos of curry |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/a-thousand-kilos-of-curry/article7007629.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |issn=0971-751X}}
* {{cite web |title=Church History |url=https://kannamalychurch.com/history/ |website=St. Antony's Church & St. Joseph's Miraculous Shrine}}
* {{cite web |title=Kannamaly Grama Panchayat |url=https://lsgkerala.in/kannamalypanchayat/ |website=Local Self Government Department, Kerala Government}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website}}

{{Christianity in Kerala}}
{{Christianity footer}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Churches in Kochi]]
[[Category:History of Christianity in India]]
[[Category:18th-century churches in India]]

Gaman

2026-03-03T23:28:32Z

StaciWinslow: general enhanced formatting based on references and added references

{{About|the 1978 [[Hindi film]]|the Japanese television show|Za Gaman|the Japanese term|Gaman (term)|the places in Iran|Gaman, Iran (disambiguation){{!}}Gaman, Iran}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Gaman
| director = [[Muzaffar Ali]]
| producer = Muzaffar Ali
| image = Poster Gaman 1978.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| writer = [[Hriday Lani]]
| starring = [[Farooq Shaikh]] [[Smita Patil]] [[Gita Siddharth]]
| music = [[Jaidev]] [[Akhlaq Mohammed Khan 'Shahryar'|Shahryar]]
| cinematography = Nadeem Khan
| editing = Jethu Mundul
| distributor = Integrated Films
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1978|||India}}
| runtime = 135 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi Urdu
}}
'''Gaman''' is a [[Hindi film]] released in 1978, starring [[Farooq Sheikh]] and [[Smita Patil]] in the lead roles and introducing [[Nana Patekar]] in a supporting role. It is the [[List of directorial debuts|directorial debut]] of [[Muzaffar Ali]], who went on to make ''[[Umrao Jaan (1981 film)|Umrao Jaan]]'' (1981). The film deals with the issue of the futility of [[urban migration]], using the story of a migrant from [[Uttar Pradesh]] to [[Mumbai]], who tries to find a foothold in his new life as a taxi driver.<ref name="Madangarli">{{cite book |author=Bhawana Sommya / Jigna Kothari / Supriya Madangarli |title=Mother Maiden Mistress |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dtec0Ykfo1sC&pg=PA1973 |publisher=HarperCollins Publishers |isbn=978-93-5029-485-7 |page=1973 |date=17 April 2012}}</ref><ref name="Prakash2010">{{cite book |author=Gyan Prakash |title=Mumbai Fables |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OlN6y5-ZLJMC&pg=PA332 |year=2010 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-14284-5 |page=332}}</ref><ref name=mint>{{cite web |title=Meet the frownies |publisher=Livemint |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/NhmgNVJ8qGK6HUBiRfp7fI/Movies--Meet-the-frownies.html |date=28 September 2013 |access-date=5 October 2013}}</ref>

The film's music was by [[Jaidev]], who won the [[National Film Award for Best Music Direction]] in 1979 for his work,<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0150683/awards Awards] IMDb.</ref> and for the song "Aap ki Yaad Aati Rahi", [[Chhaya Ganguly]] won a [[National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer]].<ref name="26thawardPDF">{{cite web |url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/26th_NFA.pdf |title=26th National Film Awards |publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]}}</ref> [[Akhlaq Mohammed Khan|Shahryar]] wrote songs for the film, most notably "Seene Mein Jalan, Aankhon Mein Toofaan", sung by [[Suresh Wadkar]], which highlights the alienation and broken dreams of the migrant community.<ref>{{cite web |title=A song for every mood |work=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Brunch/Brunch-Stories/A-song-for-every-mood/Article1-1118827.aspx |date=7 September 2013 |access-date=5 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131010225743/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Brunch/Brunch-Stories/A-song-for-every-mood/Article1-1118827.aspx |archive-date=10 October 2013 }}</ref><ref name="GokulsingDissanayake2013">{{cite book |author1=K. Moti Gokulsing |author2=[[Wimal Dissanayake]] |title=Routledge Handbook of Indian Cinemas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=djUFmlFbzFkC&pg=PA254 |date=17 April 2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-77284-9 |page=254}}</ref> Ghazal singer [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]] made his playback singing debut with the film.<ref>{{cite web |title=I love to sing |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/02/05/stories/2005020502590100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110414223550/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/02/05/stories/2005020502590100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 April 2011 |date=5 February 2005 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=5 October 2013}}</ref>

==Plot==
In order to improve their lifestyle, Ghulam Hasan ([[Farooq Shaikh]]), who hails from Kotwara, Kheri, a town in [[Uttar Pradesh]], decides to relocate to [[Bombay]], on the insistence of his close friend Lalulal Tiwari ([[Jalal Agha]]). He leaves behind his ailing mother and wife ([[Smita Patil]]). Lalulal helps him get a job cleaning taxis. Ghulam subsequently learns how to drive, and is hired to drive a taxi. In spite of his best efforts, he is unable to save enough money to visit Kotwara and his family.

Lalulal has problems of his own, in spite of being settled in Bombay for several years. Having a sweetheart, Yashodra ([[Gita Siddharth]]), he is unable to even rent a decent apartment, and lives in a shanty tenement, which is slated to be demolished by the [[Bombay Municipal Corporation]]. Ghulam receives a letter from his wife and learns that his mother's health has deteriorated. Ghulam is in need of about {{INR}} 500. Lalulal arranges some money for him but advises him to send money by money order instead of going to his hometown.

Ultimately, Lalulal and Yashodara are murdered by the latter's family, as the family wants Yashodara to go to [[Dubai]] for work to support them instead of marrying Lalulal. This incident is a big blow to Ghulam and he decides to return to Kotwara, but procrastination prevents him from doing so. Closing shots show him driving his taxi in the city of dreams.

==Cast==
*[[Farooq Shaikh]] as Ghulam Hasan
*[[Smita Patil]] as Khairun
*[[Gita Siddharth]] as Yashodhara
*[[Sulabha Deshpande]] as Vasu's mom
*[[Jalal Agha]] as Lallulal Tewari
*[[Protima Bedi]] as Passenger doing make up
*[[Nana Patekar]] as Vasu
*[[Satish Shah]] as Passenger
*[[Arvind Deshpande]] as Shankar
*Amir Bano as Amma
*Arun Bhutanatha
*Dinshaw Daji as Parsi passenger
*Hameed
*Arun Joglekar as Ganpat
*Hridaya Lani
*Hira Devi Mishra as Lalluram's mother
*Nitin Sethi as Thakur Amar singh
*Mahabali Singh

==Soundtrack==
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| lyrics = [[Akhlaq Mohammed Khan|Shahryar]] [[Makhdoom Mohiuddin]]
| all_music = [[Jaidev]]

| title1 = Aap ki Yaad Aati Rahi
| extra1 = [[Chhaya Ganguly]]

| title2 = Seene Mein Jalan, Aankhon Mein Toofaan
| extra2 = [[Suresh Wadkar]]

| title3 = Ajeeb Saneha Mujhpar Guzar Gaya
| extra3 = [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]

| title4 = Ras ke Bhare Tore Nain
| extra4 = Hira Devi Mishra

| title5 = Nausha amiron ka
| extra5 = Hira Devi Mishra

}}

==Awards and nominations==
{{awards table}}
|-
| 1979
| [[Muzaffar Ali]]
| [[National Film Award – Special Mention (feature film)]]
| {{won}}
|-
| 1979
| [[Chhaya Ganguly]] (for ''Aap ki Yaad Aati Rahi'')
| [[National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer]]
| {{won}}
|-
| 1979
| [[Jaidev]]
| [[National Film Award for Best Music Direction]]
| {{won}}
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title | id=0150683 | title=Gaman }}
{{Muzaffar Ali}}

[[Category:1978 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1978 Indian films]]
[[Category:1970s Urdu-language films]]
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian films]]
[[Category:1978 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Muzaffar Ali]]
[[Category:Films set in Lucknow]]
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Works about human migration]]
[[Category:Films scored by Jaidev]]
[[Category:1978 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:Films set in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films shot in Lucknow]]
[[Category:Films shot in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films about internal migration]]

Pandiyoda Galatta Thaangala

2026-03-03T03:06:52Z

StaciWinslow: Starting new pg

{{Short description|2016 Indian film by ST Gunasekaran}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Pandiyoda Galatta Thaangala
| image = Pandiyoda Galatta Thaangala.jpg
| caption = Release poster
| director = ST Gunasekaran
| producer =
| writer =
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Nithin Sathya]]
*[[Raksha Raj]]
}}
| music = Sugumar
| cinematography = K Suresh
| editing = Sabari Periyasamy
| studio = Virokshiya Media
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2016|06|10}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Pandiyoda Galatta Thaangala''''' ({{translation|Can't handle Pandi's mischief}}) is a 2016 Indian Tamil-language horror comedy film directed by ST Gunasekaran and starring [[Nithin Sathya]] and [[Raksha Raj]] while [[Mayilsamy]] plays the title role.

==Plot ==
Pandi, a monkey, becomes a ghost and disturbs people around him.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nithin Sathya juggles different genres |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/nithin-sathya-juggles-different-genres/articleshow/51894512.cms |website=The Times of India}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[Nithin Sathya]] as Sathya
*[[Raksha Raj]]
*[[Yogi Babu]] as Thief
*[[Mayilsamy]] as Pandi
*[[Singampuli]] as Aspiring actor
*[[Imman Annachi]] as Mansion owner
*[[Manobala]] as Ghostbuster
*[[Swaminathan]]
*[[Lollu Sabha Manohar]]
*[[Kovai Senthil]]
*Theni Murugan
*[[Vengal Rao]]
}}

== Music ==
The music of the film is composed by Sugumar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 April 2016 |title=Pandiyoda Galatta Thangala (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://open.spotify.com/album/3iutor1WKye3z61uy70ZJB?si=2GTS4XC2RuSpMjViyq96Dw |access-date=20 March 2023 |website=[[Spotify]] |language=en}}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Smart Phone
| title2 = Namma Thala Annachi
| title3 = Neeyum Bommai
| length1 = 3:53
| length2 = 4:29
| length3 = 3:42
| lyrics1 = Gana Bala
| lyrics2 = Sasi
| lyrics3 = Marana Gana Viji
| extra1 = [[Gana Bala]]
| extra2 = Kowsik
| extra3 = Marana Gana Viji
| total_length = 12:04
}}

== Reception ==
M. Suganth of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film a rating of 1/5 and said that "Forget the ghost, the only atrocity that we find here is the existence of this thoroughly uninspiring film".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pandiyoda Galatta Thaangala {1/5} by The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/paandiyoda-galatta-thaangala/movie-review/52795029.cms |website=The Times of India}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Dinathanthi|iFlicks]]'' opined that "''Pandiyoda Galatta Thangala'' leaves us wanting to leave early".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pandiyoda Galatta Thangala |url=http://www.iflicks.in/Review/2016/06/13131755/Pandiyoda-Galatta-Thangala.vpf |website=iFlicks}}</ref> A critic from ''[[The Times of India|The Times of India Samayam]]'' gave the film a rating of 1.5/5 and criticised its writing in regards to other horror flicks.<ref>{{Cite web |title=பாண்டியோட கலாட்டா தாங்கல-திரை விமர்சனம் [Pandiyoda Galatta Thaangala Film Review] |url=https://tamil.samayam.com/tamil-cinema/movie-review/pandiyoda-gallatta-thangala-film-review/moviereview/52732886.cms?minitv=true |website=The Times of India Samayam |language=ta}}</ref> Critics from ''[[Maalaimalar]]'' and ''[[Dinamalar]]'' called the film "unbearable".<ref>{{Cite web |title=பாண்டியோட கலாட்டா தாங்கல [Pandiyoda Galatta Thaangala] |url=https://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/review/2016/06/10145151/1017884/Pandiyoda-galatta-thangala-movie-review.vpf |website=Maalaimalar |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=பாண்டியோட கலாட்டா தாங்கல [Pandiyoda Galatta Thaangala] |url=https://m.dinamalar.com/vimar-detail.php?id=2084 |website=Dinamalar |language=ta}}{{dead link|date=April 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:2016 comedy horror films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy horror films]]
[[Category:2016 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2016 Indian films]]

Sukhen Dey

2026-02-26T00:21:25Z

StaciWinslow: made basic stub first draft!

'''Sukhen Dey''' may refer to:

* [[Sukhen Dey (weightlifter)]]

{{hndis|Dey, Sukhen}}

Mount St Mary's School (New Delhi)

2026-02-21T01:17:31Z

StaciWinslow: minor edit

{{One source|date=June 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Mount St. Mary's School
| image = Mount St Mary's.jpg
| motto = "Pro Deo Et Patria ("For God And Country)"
| city = [[New Delhi]]
| state = [[Delhi]]
| country = [[India]]
| schooltype = Public
| established = {{start date and age|1963}}
| founder = Rev. Bro. E.T. Dunne
| principal = Bro. Tomy Varghese
| faculty = Fulltime
| address = Parade Road, Delhi cantt
| website = {{URL|http://www.msmschool.in/}}
}}

'''Mount St. Mary's School''' is a [[Patrician Brothers]]' School run by the [[Brothers of St. Patrick|Brothers of St Patrick]]. It is located in [[Delhi Cantt]], [[Delhi]], [[India]], at 75, Parade Road. The school was established in 1963. The current principal is Bro. Tomy Varghese

==History==
In 1963, the Brothers of St Patrick opened the school in Delhi at the invitation of the Army. It started with four Brothers, six teachers and 85 students. The first Principal was Bro. E.T Dunne who was in charge of the school till January 1969. The foundation stone was laid on 6 January 1963, by Lt Gen Bhagwati Singh, who was at that time G.O.C of Delhi Area, New Delhi.

The school was first housed in eight tents (with seven classes)- there were only two students in the seventh standard. The building work started immediately, and the entire school moved into the building in July 1963. Two floors were completed in December 1963. This building was however not complete as the number of students were increasing and a Science Block was required. The staff and students organised fetes in 1966 and 1968, which brought in enough money to help complete the building.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070118110602/http://www.msmschool.net/mission_statement Mission Statement]}}</ref>

==Facilities==
In addition to two computer labs, two libraries, and three science labs, the school also has sports fields and courts - onesynthetic tennis courts, one soccer fields, a cricket ground, volleyball court, one outdoor badminton courts and onesynthetic basketball court. In addition to these, there is a science park, skating rink, swimming pool and centrally air-conditioned auditorium with a capacity of nearly one thousand people.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}

==Syllabus==
All students are given an education based on the requirements of the Central Board of Secondary Education ([[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]]). Religious instruction is imparted to Catholic pupils.

==Achievements==
In its 60-year history, Mount St. Mary's School has won numerous accolades across sports, co-curriculars and academics. The Ecom-Buzz and Matrix Symposium, a series of inter-school competitions, organized solely by the students has been the recipient of media praise. Students have won an edition of the national level [[Bournvita Quiz Contest]]. In 2012, they came fifth nationwide in the Wild Wisdom Quiz, organized by the [[World Wide Fund for Nature]].

==Notable alumni==
*[[Arnab Goswami]] former editor-in-chief, Times Now news channel<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-15 |title=Arnab Goswami Biography: Early Life, Education, Career, Controversies and Achievements |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/arnab-goswami-1587627496-1 |access-date=2025-07-24 |website=Jagranjosh.com |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Gaurav Kapur]] TV and radio host and actor<ref>{{Cite web |title=ALUMNI – Mount St. Mary's School Delhi Cantt, Best School in Delhi Cantt |url=https://msmschool.in/alumni/ |access-date=2025-07-24 |language=en-US}}</ref>
*[[Euphoria (Indian band)|Hitesh Madan]] founder and lead guitarist of music band Eka and Euphoria (past)<ref>{{Cite web |title=ALUMNI – Mount St. Mary's School Delhi Cantt, Best School in Delhi Cantt |url=https://msmschool.in/alumni/ |access-date=2025-07-24 |language=en-US}}</ref>
*[[Jaspreet Jasz]] singer<ref>{{Cite web |title=ALUMNI – Mount St. Mary's School Delhi Cantt, Best School in Delhi Cantt |url=https://msmschool.in/alumni/ |access-date=2025-07-24 |language=en-US}}</ref>
*[[KK (singer)|Krishnakumar Kunnath]] playback singer<ref>{{Cite web |title=ALUMNI – Mount St. Mary's School Delhi Cantt, Best School in Delhi Cantt |url=https://msmschool.in/alumni/ |access-date=2025-07-24 |language=en-US}}</ref>
*[[Shaleen Malhotra]] actor{{Citation needed|date=October 2025}}
*[[Vinod Khosla]] co-founder of Sun Microsystems, venture capitalist - Khosla Ventures<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vinod Khosla - Grizzly Bulls Billionaire Index |url=https://grizzlybulls.com/billionaires/vinod-khosla |access-date=2025-07-24 |website=Grizzly Bulls}}</ref>
*[[Aru Krishansh Verma]] film actor<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hindi Movie Actor Aru Krishansh Verma Biography, News, Photos, Videos |url=https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/hindi/movie-actor/aru-krishansh-verma |access-date=2025-07-24 |website=nettv4u |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
*[http://www.msmschool.in Official website]

{{coord|28.5830|77.1359|type:edu_region:IN-DL|display=title}}
{{Patrician Brothers schools|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Patrician Brothers schools]]
[[Category:Catholic secondary schools in India]]
[[Category:Christian schools in Delhi]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1963]]
[[Category:1963 establishments in Delhi]]

Nithish Sahadev

2026-02-19T14:06:32Z

StaciWinslow: Starting post

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Short description|Indian film director (born 1991)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nithish Sahadev
| image = Nithish Sahadev 2026.jpg
| birth_name = Nithish Sahadev
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1991|3|1}}
| birth_place = [[Thiruvananthapuram|Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala]]
| alma_mater = Mohandas College of Engineering & Technology, [[Thiruvananthapuram]]
| occupation = [[Film director]]
| years_active = 2016 - present
| known_for =
| notable_works = ''[[Falimy]]''
}}

'''Nithish Sahadev''' (born 1 March 1991) is an [[India]]n [[film director]] who primarily works in the [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam film industry]]. He is well known for his directorial debut ''[[Falimy]] (2023).''

== Early life ==
He was born in [[Thiruvananthapuram|Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala]]. He pursued a degree in [[Electronics and Communication Engineering]] at Mohandas College of Engineering and Technology, [[Nedumangad]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Testimonials – Mohandas College of Engineering and Technology|url=https://mcet.ac.in/testimonials/ |access-date=2025-02-15 |language=en-US}}</ref> Later, he attended Chennai Film Industrial School.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2025-02-03 |title=Mammootty's next with 'Falimy' director Nithish Sahadev |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/mammootty-and-director-nithish-sahadev-to-work-together/article69175119.ece |access-date=2025-02-15 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Career ==
He started his career in the film industry as an [[assistant director]]. His debut as an assistant director was in [[Mudhugauv|''Mudhugauv'']] (2016), the directorial debut of [[Vipin Das]], who is known for films such as ''[[Antakshari (film)|Antakshari]]'' and ''[[Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Hey]]''. He also worked with director [[Jude Anthany Joseph]], serving as an assistant director on [[Oru Muthassi Gadha|''Oru Muthassi Gadha'' (2016)]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shrijith |first=Sajin |date=2023-11-29 |title='Falimy' director Nithish Sahadev: Striving for a unique dysfunctional drama |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2023/Nov/29/falimy-director-nithish-sahadev-striving-for-a-unique-dysfunctional-drama-2636991.html |access-date=2025-02-15 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> In 2019, Sahadev directed the short film ''[[Magneto (2019 film)|Magneto]]'' starring [[Anand Menen]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=M |first=Athira |date=2019-05-31 |title=When Magneto strikes |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/short-film-based-on-magneto-the-character-from-marvel-comics/article27377948.ece |access-date=2025-02-15 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In 2020, he worked as the [[creative director]] for the film ''[[Antakshari (film)|Antakshari]]'', starring [[Saiju Kurup]] and [[Priyanka Nair]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saiju Kurup's psycho thriller 'Antakshari' to release on April 22 |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2022/04/20/saiju-kurup-antakshari-movie-release.html |access-date=2025-02-15 |website=Saiju Kurup's psycho thriller 'Antakshari' to release on 22 April |language=en}}</ref> The following year, he produced the short web series ''Kalyana Kacheri''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-13 |title='Kalyana Kacheri' series review: Troublemakers guide! |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2020/Nov/13/kalyana-kacheri-series-review-troublemakers-guide-2222959.html |access-date=2025-02-15 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

In 2023, Sahadev made his directorial debut with the Malayalam-language comedy-drama ''[[Falimy]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Falimy director Nithish Sahadev on how its script changed after Basil Joseph replaced Antony Varghese |url=https://www.ottplay.com/interview/falimy-director-nithish-sahadev-on-how-its-script-changed-after-basil-joseph-replaced-antony-varghese/836119a776550 |access-date=2025-02-15 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref> The film, starring [[Basil Joseph]], [[Jagadish]], and [[Manju Pillai]], follows the journey of a dysfunctional middle-class family on a trip to Varanasi, exploring the personal growth and realizations they experience along the way.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nagarajan |first=Saraswathy |date=2023-11-17 |title=Malayalam film director Nithish Sahadev's Falimy is about a dysfunctional family with Basil Joseph Manju Pillai |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/malayalam-film-director-nithish-sahadevs-falimy-is-about-a-dysfunctional-family-with-basil-joseph-manju-pillai/article67535541.ece |access-date=2025-02-15 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Following the success of ''[[Falimy]]'', Sahadev announced his upcoming directorial project, which will star the renowned Malayalam actor [[Mammootty]].<ref name=":0" /> For his Tamil debut, Nithish Sahadev directed the political film, ''[[Thalaivar Thambi Thalaimaiyil]]'' (2026) where [[Jiiva]] is introduced as the [[Panchayati raj in India|panchayat]] president.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Thalaivar Thambi Thalaimaiyil Movie Review: A wedding and a funeral with crackpot energy |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2026/Jan/16/tamilreview2026jan15thalaivar-thambi-thalaimaiyil-movie-review-a-wedding-and-a-funeral-with-crackpot-energy |access-date=2026-01-16 |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
=== As director ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
! Language
!Notes
|-
|2019
|''[[Magneto (2019 film)|Magneto]]'' || rowspan="2"|Malayalam
|Short film
|-
|2023
|''[[Falimy]]'' ||
|-
|2026
|''[[Thalaivar Thambi Thalaimaiyil]]''||Tamil ||
|-
|}

=== Other roles ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" |2016
|''[[Mudhugauv]]''
| rowspan="2" |[[Assistant director|Assistant Director]]
|
|-
|''[[Oru Muthassi Gadha]]''
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2020
|''[[Antakshari (film)|Antakshari]]''
| rowspan="2" |[[Creative director|Creative Director]]
|
|-
|''Kalyana Kacheri''
|TV series
|-
|}

== References ==
<references />

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sahadev, Nithish}}
[[Category:Indian film directors]]
[[Category:Film directors from Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Creative directors]]
[[Category:1991 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Mohapatra Nilamani Sahoo

2026-02-08T17:48:29Z

StaciWinslow: New A Stub

{{Short description|Odia writer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Mohapatra Nilamani Sahoo
|image = Nilamani sahoo.jpg
|image_caption = Mohapatra Nilamani Sahoo in 2012
|birth_date = {{birth date|1926|12|22|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Niali]], [[Cuttack district|Cuttack]], [[Odisha]], India
|death_date = {{death date and age|2016|06|25|1926|12|22|df=y}}
|death_place = [[Bhubaneswar]], Odisha, India
|occupation = Writer
| spouse = Prasanna Kumari Devi
| children = Guruprasad Mohapatra
|notable_works = ''Akasha Patala'' ''Abhisapta Gandharba''
|signature = Mahapatra Nilamani Sahu Odia author.png
}}

'''Mohapatra Nilamani Sahoo''' (22 December 1926 – 25 June 2016), surname also spelt '''Sahu''', was an Indian [[Odia language]] short story writer. He received several literary awards over his career, including the 1979 [[Odisha Sahitya Academy Award]] for ''Akasha Patala'', and the 1983 Sarala Award and the 1984 [[Sahitya Akademi Award|Sahitya Akademi Award in Odia]], for ''Abhisapta Gandharba''. Sahoo died on 25 June 2016 after multiple organ failures.<ref name="NIE260616">{{cite web |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Writer-Mohapatra-Nilamani-Sahu-passes-away/2016/06/26/article3500514.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160627143106/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Writer-Mohapatra-Nilamani-Sahu-passes-away/2016/06/26/article3500514.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 June 2016|title=Writer Mohapatra Nilamani Sahu passes away |publisher=The New Indian Express|date=25 June 2016|accessdate=25 June 2016 }}</ref><ref name="OT250616">{{cite web |url=http://odishatv.in/odisha/body-slider/eminent-author-mahapatra-nilamani-sahoo-passes-away-152884/|title=Eminent author Mahapatra Nilamani Sahoo passes away |publisher=Odisha TV|date=25 June 2016|accessdate=25 June 2016 }}</ref>

== Life and career ==
Sahoo was born on 22 December 1926 in the town [[Niali]] of the [[Cuttack district]] in a wealthy [[zamindar]] family. He studied and completed matriculation at the [[Binjharpur High School]] and later went on to finish his graduation and post-graduation in Odia at the [[Ravenshaw College]] at Cuttack. After post-graduation, Sahoo took the job of librarian at the [[Sambalpur University]] where he continued for two years. Later he took the post of lecturer of Odia at the Bhadrak College, followed by [[Paralakhemundi Government College]] at [[Gajapati district|Gajapati]]. Sahoo became vice-principal and later principal of the BJB Evening College at Bhubaneshwar.<ref name="NIE260616" /><ref name="OST250616">{{cite web | url=http://odishasuntimes.com/2016/06/25/eminent-odia-litterateur-mohapatra-nilamani-sahoo-no-more/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160626170908/http://odishasuntimes.com/2016/06/25/eminent-odia-litterateur-mohapatra-nilamani-sahoo-no-more/ | url-status=usurped | archive-date=26 June 2016 | title=Eminent Odia litterateur Mohapatra Nilamani Sahoo no more | work=Odisha Sun Times | date=25 June 2016 | accessdate=27 June 2016}}</ref>

== Literary works and awards ==
Sahoo wrote various short stories in Odia language. His popular works include ''Prema Tribhuja'' (1952), ''Michha Bagha'' (1955), ''Srunantu Sarbe Amrutasya Putra'' (1957), ''Ganjei O’ Gabesana'' (1961), ''Andha Ratira Surya'' (1965) and more. He also published novel; ''Dhara O Dhara'', ''Tamasi Radha'' and ''Hansa Mithuna''.<ref name="NIE260616" /> Sahoo also wrote one-act and children's plays.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zfLATnA1IAMC&pg=PA48 |author=Mohanty, Jagannath | title=Encyclopaedia of Education, Culture and Children's Literature: vol 4 | publisher=Deep and Deep Publications | year=2009 | pages=48 | isbn=9788184501513}}</ref> His 1979 book ''Akasha Patala'' (literally "Heaven and Hell") won him the [[Odisha Sahitya Academy Award]]. The short story compilation ''Abhisapta Gandharba'' (literally "The Cursed [[Gandharva]]") received the [[Sarala Award]] in 1983, followed by a [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Odia|Sahitya Akademi Award for Odia]] in 1984.<ref name="OST250616"/><ref>{{cite web | url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/awards/akademi%20samman_suchi.jsp#ODIA | title=Akademi Awards (1955–2015) | work=[[Sahitya Akademi]] | date=27 June 2016 | accessdate=27 June 2016}}</ref> The book was translated into [[Hindi language|Hindi]] by Siddharth Mansingh Mahapatra in 1992.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8JDsBBDoMccC&pg=PA58 |title=Five Decades: The National Academy of Letters, India : a Short History of Sahitya Akademi |page=58 |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |year=2004 |author= Rao, D. S. |isbn=9788126020607 }}</ref>

From 1965 to 1969, Sahoo edited and wrote for the magazine ''Jhankara''. He was also the editor of other periodicals such as ''Utkala Prasanga'' and ''Orissa Review'' from 1975 to 1978.<ref name="NIE260616" /> In ''Jhankara'', he often wrote on philosophies of [[Sri Aurobindo]].<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PPA0Jq8KII4C&q=Mohapatra+Nilamani+Sahoo | title=Sri Aurobindo: A Centenary Tribute | publisher=Sri Aurobindo: A Centenary Tribute | first1=Aurobindo |last1=Ghose |first2=K. R. Srinivasa |last2=Iyengar | year=1974 | pages=109}}</ref> He translated Aurobindo's ''[[Savitri: A Legend and a Symbol]]'' and delivered lectures on Aurobindo, [[Ramakrishna Paramhansa]] and [[Swami Vivekananda]].<ref name="TT030813">{{cite web | url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130803/jsp/odisha/story_17188899.jsp#.V3C972e6bcs | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427062135/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130803/jsp/odisha/story_17188899.jsp#.V3C972e6bcs | url-status=dead | archive-date=27 April 2014 | title='Naveen babu should try to learn Odia' | work=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] |location=Kolkata| date=3 August 2013 | accessdate=27 June 2016 | first1=Shilpi |last1=Sampad |first2=Subhashish |last2=Mohanty}}</ref>

Sahoo was the recipient of the [[Kanta Kabi Award]] in 2001, the [[Sahitya Bharati Award]] in 2006, and the [[Utkal Ratna Award]] in 2013.<ref name="NIE260616" /><ref name="TT030813"/> His stories described the subtleties of human emotion<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d8YtAQAAIAAJ&q=Mohapatra+Nilamani+Sahoo | title=Indian Writers in Conference | publisher=University of California | year=1964 | pages=178}}</ref> and featured verbal as well as situational comedy.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&pg=PA1614 | title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Devraj to Jyoti, Volume 2 | publisher=Sahitya Akademi | author=Datta, Amaresh | year=1988 | pages=1614 | isbn=9788126011940}}</ref> His works are also noted for satirizing human idiocies.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=KnPoYxrRfc0C&pg=PA3854 |title= Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Sasay to Zorgot |page=3854 |publisher= Sahitya Akademi |year=1992 |author=Lal, Mohan |isbn= 9788126012213 }}</ref>

== Death ==
{{quote box |width=19em |border=2px
|quote="His short story book ''Abhisapta Gandharba'' is one of the finest works of Odia literature. He will always be remembered for his outstanding contribution to Odia literature. With his death, the state has lost an exceptional writer." {{endash}}[[Naveen Patnaik]], [[Chief Minister of Odisha]], eulogizing Sahoo.<ref name="OT250616"/>}}
Sahoo died on 25 June 2016 at the age of 89 in a private hospital at [[Bhubaneswar]]. He suffered from [[prostate cancer]] and was admitted to hospital on 24 June after falling critically ill. He died after multiple organ failures.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://odishatv.in/odisha/body-slider/last-rites-of-mahapatra-nilamani-sahoo-today-152916/ | title=Last rites of Mahapatra Nilamani Sahoo today | work=Odisha TV |place=Bhubaneshwar | date=26 June 2016 | accessdate=29 June 2016}}</ref> He was survived by his wife, a son and a daughter.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/odia-writer-mohapatra-nilamani-sahoo-passes-away-116062500832_1.html | title=Odia writer Mohapatra Nilamani Sahoo passes away | work=[[Business Standard]] | date=25 June 2016 | accessdate=29 June 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Odia literature}}
{{Sahitya Akademi Award For Odia}}
{{Atibadi Jagannath Das award}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sahoo, Mohapatra Nilamani}}
[[Category:1926 births]]
[[Category:2016 deaths]]
[[Category:Odia-language writers]]
[[Category:Odia short story writers]]
[[Category:People from Cuttack district]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Odia]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Atibadi Jagannath Das Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Odisha Sahitya Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Writers from Odisha]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Utkal Ratna Samman]]

Professional Golf Tour of India

2026-02-06T22:32:26Z

StaciWinslow:

{{use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Short description|none}}
{{Infobox Sports league
| title = Professional Golf Tour of India
| current_season = 2026 Professional Golf Tour of India
| logo = Professional Golf Tour of India.svg
| pixels = 200px
| caption =
| Formerly = Aircel Professional Golf Tour of India Tata Steel Professional Golf Tour of India
| sport = Golf
| founded = 2006
| fame =
| motto =
| inaugural = 2006–07
| teams =
| country = Based in India{{efn|Schedules have also included events in Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka.}}
| venue =
| champion =
| most_champs = {{nowrap|'''Order of Merit titles''': {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rashid Khan (golfer)|Rashid Khan]] (3) '''Tournament wins''': {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mukesh Kumar (golfer)|Mukesh Kumar]] (21)}}
| qualification =
| folded =
| website = {{official URL}}
| singles =
| ceo =
| director =
| TV =
| related_comps =
| founder =
}}
The '''Professional Golf Tour of India''' ('''PGTI'''), currently titled as the '''DP World Professional Golf Tour of India''' for sponsorship reasons, is a [[professional golf tours|professional golf tour]] for men based in India. The tour was formed in 2006, as the successor to the Indian PGA Golf Tour, which ran from 1997 to 2006.

The PGTI serves as a feeder tour for higher level tours such as the [[Asian Tour]]. Many Indian players have become members of the Asian Tour, while a small number have joined the world's leading two tours, the [[PGA European Tour|European Tour]] and the United States–based [[PGA Tour]].

The PGTI became a member of the [[International Federation of PGA Tours]] in 2009, but its events did not carry [[Official World Golf Ranking]] points unless they were co-sanctioned by tours that are included in the world ranking system. In July 2018, the OWGR announced that the PGTI would receive world ranking points in its own right beginning in 2019.

==History==
India's [[Royal Calcutta Golf Club]] was founded in 1829 and is usually regarded as the oldest outside the [[United Kingdom]]. In the early years Indian golf with dominated by British players and it was not until 1949 that Mohinder Bal became the first Indian to win the All-India Amateur Championship. The Indian Golf Union (IGU) was founded in 1955 to take over responsibility for Indian Golf, which had previously been largely in the hands of the Royal Calcutta Golf Club. The sport was still dominated by amateurs at that point, but most of them were now Indian.

In 1957 the IGU started a training program for caddies and professionals. In 1964 the [[Indian Open (golf)|Indian Open]] (open to both amateurs and professionals), was established and it soon replaced the All-India Amateur as the leading golf tournament in the country. Australian and five time [[The Open Championship|British Open]] champion [[Peter Thomson (golfer)|Peter Thomson]] used to stop over in India on his way from Australia to Europe, and he won the championship in 1964, 1966 and 1976. [[P. G. Sethi]] (an amateur) was the first Indian to win this tournament in 1965. In 1970 the Indian Open became part of the [[Asia Golf Circuit]], the predecessor of the [[Asian Tour]]. In 1991 [[Ali Sher (golfer)|Ali Sher]] (a professional golfer) won the Indian Open, which made professional golf a much more attractive career option in India.

The [[Professional Golfers Association of India]] was founded in 1988 and several additional professional events were founded in India in the 1990s. From 1997 to 2006, the PGA of India Tour was managed by Tiger Sports Marketing on behalf of the PGA of India. Total prize money for the 2004/05 season was {{currency|30,500,000|INR}} ({{currency|698,260|USD}} at 31 December 2004 exchange rate). There were around 20 events in the season, including tournaments in Nepal, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.

In October 2006 a group of leading Indian golfers including [[Jyoti Randhawa]] and [[Gaurav Ghei]] announced that they were setting up a new tour. This followed a dispute between the Professional Golfers Association of India and Tiger Sports Marketing, the organisers of the PGA of India Tour. The BBC reported that it was not clear whether this tour would simply take the place of the existing tour, or whether rival tours might develop.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/golf/6038764.stm |title=New golf tour unveiled in India |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |date=20 October 2006 |access-date=2 February 2009}}</ref> In the event, the new tour, the Professional Golf Tour of India, took over as India's sole domestic professional tour, though Tiger Sports Marketing remained involved in other aspects of Indian golf.

The PGTI's schedule expanded rapidly in its first few seasons. In 2010 there were twenty-five events on the main schedule, including two co-sanctioned with the Asian Tour and one co-sanctioned with the European Tour, plus seven events on the Feeder Tour, which debuted that year. In 2011 the tour co-sanctioned an event with the European Tour's developmental circuit, the [[Challenge Tour]], for the first time.

In December 2022, it was announced by the [[European Tour]] that the Professional Golf Tour of India had entered into a partnership with them and the [[PGA Tour]]. As part of the partnership, the leading player on the PGTI Order of Merit was given status onto the European Tour for the following season.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.europeantour.com/dpworld-tour/news/articles/detail/professional-golf-tour-of-india-partners-with-dp-world-tour-pga-tour/ |title=Professional Golf Tour of India partners with DP World Tour, PGA Tour |publisher=European Tour |date=16 December 2022 |accessdate=16 December 2022 |archive-date=28 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228154943/https://www.europeantour.com/dpworld-tour/news/articles/detail/professional-golf-tour-of-india-partners-with-dp-world-tour-pga-tour/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In February 2026, it was announced that the tour had signed a title sponsorship agreement with [[DP World]], being renamed as the '''DP World Professional Golf Tour of India'''.<ref>{{cite newspaper |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/sports/golf/global-giant-dp-world-backs-indian-golf-in-historic-multi-year-partnership-that-ushers-in-a-new-era |title=Global giant DP World boosts Indian golf in historic multi-year partnership marking a new era |newspaper=Khaleej Times |first=Leslie |last=Wilson |date=1 February 2026 |access-date=6 February 2026}}</ref>

==Order of Merit winners==
===Professional Golf Tour of India===
{|class=wikitable
!Season!!Winner!!Prize money ([[Indian rupee|₹]])
|-
| align=center|[[2025 Professional Golf Tour of India|2025]] || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Yuvraj Sandhu]] || align=center|19,167,100
|-
| align=center|[[2024 Professional Golf Tour of India|2024]] || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Veer Ahlawat]] || align=center|15,635,724
|-
| align=center|[[2023 Professional Golf Tour of India|2023]] || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Om Prakash Chouhan]] || align=center|11,826,059
|-
| align=center|[[2022 Professional Golf Tour of India|2022]] || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Manu Gandas]] || align=center|8,850,688
|-
| align=center|[[2020–21 Professional Golf Tour of India|2020–21]] || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Udayan Mane]] || align=center|5,872,275
|-
| align=center|[[2019 Professional Golf Tour of India|2019]] || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rashid Khan (golfer)|Rashid Khan]] (3) || align=center|6,627,650
|-
| align=center|[[2018 Professional Golf Tour of India|2018]] || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Khalin Joshi]] || align=center|6,281,340
|-
| align=center|[[2017 Professional Golf Tour of India|2017]] || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shamim Khan]] (2) || align=center|5,164,233
|-
| align=center|[[2016 Professional Golf Tour of India|2016]] || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rashid Khan (golfer)|Rashid Khan]] (2) || align=center|4,479,880
|-
| align=center|[[2015 Professional Golf Tour of India|2015]] || {{flagicon|IND}} [[S. Chikkarangappa]] || align=center|4,887,440
|-
| align=center|[[2014 Professional Golf Tour of India|2014]] || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shankar Das (golfer)|Shankar Das]] || align=center|5,432,067
|-
| align=center|[[2013 Professional Golf Tour of India|2013]] || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rashid Khan (golfer)|Rashid Khan]] || align=center|4,638,284
|-
| align=center|[[2012 Professional Golf Tour of India|2012]] || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shamim Khan]] || align=center|5,747,713
|-
| align=center|[[2011 Professional Golf Tour of India|2011]] || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Chiragh Kumar]] || align=center|3,706,821
|-
| align=center|[[2010 Professional Golf Tour of India|2010]] || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashok Kumar (golfer)|Ashok Kumar]] (2) || align=center|5,394,125
|-
| align=center|[[2009 Professional Golf Tour of India|2009]] || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Anirban Lahiri]] || align=center|3,657,853
|-
| align=center|[[2007–08 Professional Golf Tour of India|2007–08]] || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mukesh Kumar (golfer)|Mukesh Kumar]] || align=center|3,431,992
|-
| align=center|[[2006–07 Professional Golf Tour of India|2006–07]] || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashok Kumar (golfer)|Ashok Kumar]] || align=center|4,417,875
|}

===PGA of India Tour===
{|class=wikitable
!Season!!Winner!!Prize money ([[Indian rupee|₹]])!!Ref.
|-
!colspan=4|Aamby Valley PGAI Tour
|-
| 2005–06 || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mukesh Kumar (golfer)|Mukesh Kumar]] (5) || align=center|1,721,795 || <ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.tigersportsmarketing.com/professional/mukesh.asp |title=Mukesh Kumar |publisher=tigersportsmarketing.com |accessdate=2009-02-01 |df=dmy-all}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>
|-
| 2004–05 || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mukesh Kumar (golfer)|Mukesh Kumar]] (4) || align=center|2,626,350 ||
|-
!colspan=4|Hero Honda Golf Tour
|-
| 2003–04 || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashok Kumar (golfer)|Ashok Kumar]] || align=center|1,253,710 || <ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.tigersportsmarketing.com/professional/ashok.asp |title=Ashok Kumar |publisher=tigersportsmarketing.com |accessdate=2009-02-01 |df=dmy-all}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>
|-
| 2002–03 || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mukesh Kumar (golfer)|Mukesh Kumar]] (3) || align=center|2,177,402 ||
|-
| 2001–02 || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mukesh Kumar (golfer)|Mukesh Kumar]] (2) || align=center|1,751,425 ||
|-
!colspan=4|Wills Sport Golf Tour
|-
| 2000–01 || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mukesh Kumar (golfer)|Mukesh Kumar]] || align=center|1,300,685 ||
|-
| 1999–00 || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vijay Kumar (golfer)|Vijay Kumar]] (3) ||align=center|1,185,124 || <ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.tigersportsmarketing.com/professional/vijay2.asp |title=Vijay Kumar |publisher=tigersportsmarketing.com |accessdate=2009-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107022539/http://www.tigersportsmarketing.com/professional/vijay2.asp |archive-date=2017-11-07 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
| 1998–99 || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vijay Kumar (golfer)|Vijay Kumar]] (2) || align=center|1,341,564 ||
|-
!colspan=4|Indian PGA Golf Tour
|-
| 1997–98 || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vijay Kumar (golfer)|Vijay Kumar]] || align=center| ||
|}

==See also==
*[[Indian Golf Premier League]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{official website|https://pgtofindia.com/}}

{{PGTI seasons}}
{{Men's Professional Golf Tours}}

[[Category:Professional Golf Tour of India| ]]
[[Category:Golf in India]]
[[Category:Professional golf tours]]
[[Category:2006 establishments in India]]

Kottakkal

2026-01-27T20:15:31Z

StaciWinslow: minor edit

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kottakkal
| other_name = Land of the Fort
| settlement_type = Municipal town
| image_skyline = Kottakkal co in 0002.jpg
| image_caption = Kottakkal Town rainy day
| nickname = Ayurveda City <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.keralatourism.org/destination/kottakkal-malappuram/32 | title=Kottakkal - the town famous for Arya Vaidya Sala, an Ayurvedic institution, Malappuram }}</ref>
| image_alt =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India#Asia#Earth
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Kottakkal ([[Kerala]])
| coordinates = {{coord|10.9990|N|75.9918|E|display=inline,title}}[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kottakkal&params=10.9990_N_75.9918_E_type:city(44382)_region:IN-KL]
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Malappuram district|Malappuram]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Municipal council (India)|Municipal council]]
| governing_body = [[Kottakkal Municipality]]
| leader_title = Chairperson
| leader_name = K.K Nasar ([[IUML]])
| leader_title1 = Vice Chairperson
| leader_name1 = Paroli Ramla Teacher ([[IUML]])
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 20.45
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 84.34
| population_total = 44,382
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Population in Malappuram municipalities">{{cite book |last1=Kerala |first1=Directorate of Census Operations |title=District Census Handbook, Malappuram |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala |location=Thiruvananthapuram |page=172 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3205_PART_B_MALAPPURAM.pdf |access-date=14 July 2020}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]s
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 676503
| area_code_type = [[Telephone]] code
| area_code = +91483xxxxxxx
| registration_plate = KL-10, KL-55, KL-65
| website = {{URL|http://www.kottakkal.lsgkerala.gov.in/en}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Kottakkal''' (literally-''Land of the Fort'') is a major [[municipality|municipal town]] in [[Malappuram district]] in [[Kerala]], having 32 [[Ward (country subdivision)|wards]]. It is one of the four municipalities in [[Tirur Taluk]], besides [[Tirur]], [[Valanchery]], and [[Tanur, Malappuram|Tanur]]. It is a part of the [[Malappuram metropolitan area]] and a growing city in Kerala.<ref name="Malappuram metropolitan area">{{cite web |url=https://kerala.gov.in/documents/10180/622777/urban |website=kerala.gov.in |title=Constituents of Malappuram metropolitan area |access-date=1 April 2021 |archive-date=30 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230044541/https://kerala.gov.in/documents/10180/622777/urban |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/%E2%80%98Kottakkal%E2%80%99-aims-for-expansion-in-North-India/article20808444.ece/ |title= 'Kottakkal' aims for expansion in North India |last= K. P. M. Basheer |publisher= The Hindu Business Line |date= 30 June 2014}}</ref> The town is best known for the [[Arya Vaidya Sala]], one of the top [[Ayurveda|Ayurvedic]] health centres in the world.<ref name="Arya Vaidya Sala Kottakkal - Part 1 ">{{cite AV media | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nj6YqhsUo0c |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/nj6YqhsUo0c |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live| title=Arya Vaidya Sala Kottakkal – Part 1 | publisher=BBC World – India Business Report | date=30 May 2013 | medium=Documentary}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kottakkal is also a major growing commercial, educational, and healthcare hub in [[South Malabar]].<ref name="Population in Malappuram municipalities"/> The town lies on the [[Mumbai]]–[[Kanyakumari]] [[National Highway 66 (India)|National Highway 66]].

Kottakkal is located {{Convert|12|km||abbr=on}} southwest of [[Malappuram]], the district headquarters, and {{Convert|14.5|km||abbr=on}} from [[Tirur railway station]].The [[National Highway 66]] separates the municipality from [[Edarikode|Edarikode grama panchayat]] on some parts to the west.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/IDC162/ |title=A Life of Healing (A Biography of Vaidyaratnam P.S. Varier) |website=www.exoticindiaart.com |access-date=11 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110129234527/http://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/IDC162/ |archive-date=29 January 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> However, the fast-developing Kottakkal urban area is now spread up to different parts of neighboring panchayats such as [[Edarikode|Edarikkode.]]

Kottakkal town became famous after the establishment of [[Arya Vaidya Sala]] in 1902. Adding to the cultural heritage, [[Kottakkal pooram|Kottakkal Pooram]], The popular temple festival is celebrated over seven days during March–April.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aryavaidyasala.com/ |title=Kottakkal Arya Vaidya Sala |access-date=2012-12-18}}</ref>

== History ==
An [[Old Malayalam]] inscription which dates back to 932 CE found from Indianoor in Kottakkal mention the name of [[Goda Ravi]] of [[Chera dynasty]].<ref name=":0">Narayanan, M. G. S. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=0YDCngEACAAJ&q=Perumals+of+Kerala Perumals of Kerala: Brahmin Oligarchy and Ritual Monarchy Perumāḷs of Kerala].'' Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013. 438-42.</ref>

Kottakkal, formerly known as ''Sweta Durgam'' (the White Fort) in [[Sanskrit]], ''Venkalikotta'' and ''Venkita Kotta'' in [[Malayalam]], was a [[military base]] of the [[Valluvanad (southern Malabar)|Kingdom of Valluvanadu]] earlier.<ref name="Med">{{Cite news|title=Medieval swords found at Kottakkal|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/medieval-swords-found-at-kottakkal/article4785632.ece|last=R. Madhvan Nair|date=6 June 2013|access-date=25 July 2020|work=The Hindu}}</ref>

Two swords, medieval European in style and finish, were discovered in a well from Kottakkal, in the year 2013.<ref name="Med"/> The [[Zamorin]] of [[Calicut]] invaded the [[Kingdom of Valluvanad]] in 14th century CE and seized the fort at Kottakkal.<ref name="Med"/> The Zamorin captuted the captaincy of [[Mamankam festival]] in the same period. Karuvayoor Moosad, who was the minister of ''Valluvakonathiri'', based at Kottakkal and also the chief marshal and preacher of the ''Moopil Nair''s, changed his seat to [[Puzhakkattiri]] when Kottakkal came under [[Zamorin]].<ref name="Med"/> It may be the forts and castles constructed by the Karuvayoor Moosad that were the origin of the name "Kottakkal".<ref name="ps">{{Cite web|url=https://malappuram.keralapolice.gov.in/wings/police-stations/kottakkal-ps|title=Kottakkal PS|website=Kerala police}}</ref>

The ''Kizhakke Kovilakam'', where the eastern branch of the royal family of [[Zamorin]] resided, is located at Kottakkal.Gradually, Kottakkal was annexed to the kingdom of the [[Zamorin of Calicut]].<ref name="Iyer">K. V. Krishna Iyer ''Zamorins of Calicut: From the Earliest Times to AD 1806''. Calicut: Norman Printing Bureau, 1938</ref> The ''Kizhakke Kovilakam'', which was the eastern palace of the royal family of the [[Zamorin of Calicut]], is present at Kottakkal.<ref name="1961_kkd">{{Cite book|title=District Census Handbook (2) - Kozhikode (1961)|last=Devassy|first=M. K.|publisher=Government of Kerala|year=1965|location=Ernakulam|url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/5665/1/22059_1961_KOZ.pdf}}</ref>

[[Arya Vaidya Sala]] was established in 1902.<ref name="Arya Vaidya Sala Kottakkal - Part 1 "/> The suburbs of Kottakkal were known as ''Changuvettikkadu'' and ''Eyyakkadu'' (now Changuvetti is developing as a [[Twin cities (geographical proximity)|twin town]] to Kottakkal).

== Municipal elections ==
[[File:Kottakkal Town.JPG|thumb|Kottakkal town]]
The [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|United Democratic Front]] won the first elections (held in October 2010) to the Kottakkal municipality.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://trend.kerala.gov.in/trendsite/main/Election2010.html |title=Local Body Elections, Kerala 2010 - National Informatics Centre |access-date=28 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101028023610/http://trend.kerala.gov.in/trendsite/main/Election2010.html |archive-date=28 October 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> K. K. Nazar and Paroli Moosakutty Haji of [[Indian Union Muslim League]] were elected as the Chairperson and Vice-Chairman respectively of the municipality.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101113183628/http://www.hindu.com/2010/11/09/stories/2010110952300300.htm The Hindu : Kerala / Malappuram News : Municipalities get new chiefs]</ref> Other major Political representatives in the Municipality include TP Subair and Nani of [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|Left Democratic Front]].

===[[2020 Kerala local body elections|Kottakkal Municipality]] Election 2020===
{|class="sortable wikitable"
|-
!S.No.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://trend.kerala.gov.in/views/index.php|title=Kottakkal Municipality election 2020|access-date=2020-12-11|website=lbtrend|archive-date=9 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309203519/http://trend.kerala.gov.in/views/index.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> !! Party name !! Party symbol !! Number of Councillors
|-
| 01 || [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]] ||[[File:UDF logo.png|50px]] || 20
|-
| 02 || Independents || [[File:No flag.svg|50px]] || 07
|-
| 03 || [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]] ||[[File:Left Democratic Front (Kerala) Logo.svg|50px]] || 03
|-
| 04 || [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] ||[[File:BJP election symbol.svg -783x768.png|50px]] || 02
|-
|}

== Notable people ==


* [[U. A. Beeran]]
* [[Jayasree Kalathil]], researcher
* [[Kottakkal Madhu]], [[Kathakali]] singer
* [[Athippatta Moideen Kutty Musliyar]], Islamic scholar
* [[Sangita Madhavan Nair]], actress
* [[V. C. Balakrishna Panicker]]
* [[K. C. Manavedan Raja]], founder of Raja's High School, [[Zamorin|Zamorin of Calicut]] during 1932-1937
* [[M. P. Abdussamad Samadani]], politician, MLA, former [[Member of Parliament]]
* [[Kottakkal Sivaraman]], [[Kathakali]] artist
* [[Najma Thabsheera]] Lawyer and politician
* [[Manorama Thampuratti]], [[Sanskrit]] poet
* [[Vaidyaratnam P. S. Varier]], founder of Kottakkal Arya Vaidya Sala
* [[M. K. Vellodi]], Indian civil servant, diplomat, former Cabinet Secretary
* [[P. K. Warrier]]
* [[Sachin Warrier]], playback singer and composer

[[File:Puthur .jpg|thumb|Moody Evening]]

==Basic information of Kottakkal Municipality==
[[File:Kottakkal Arya Vaidya Sala OP Block.jpg|alt=Kottakkal|thumb|Kottakkal Arya Vaidya Sala, Out Patients Block]]
[[File:Government Rajah's Higher Secondary School, Kottakkal.jpg|thumb|Government Rajah's Higher Secondary School, Kottakkal]]
[[File:Kottakkal Bypass.jpg|alt=Kottakkal|thumb|218x218px|Puthur, Kottakkal]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| Area || {{Convert|20.43|km2||abbr=on}}
|-
| Wards || 32
|-
| Taluk || [[Tirur]]
|-
| Assembly Constituency || Kottakkal
|-
| Loksabha Constituency || [[Ponnani]]
|-
| Vehicle Registration No. || KL-55, KL-10 & KL-65
|-
| Neighbouring Panchayaths || Edarikode, Parappur, Othukkungal, Ponmala and Marakkara
|-
| Post Offices || Kottakkal, Puthoor, Indianoor, Pathayakkallu, Kuttippuram, Pandamangalam, Cherushola , Puthupparamba
|-
|Pincodes
|676501, 676503, 676510
|}
<mapframe text="Kottakkal Municipality" width=300 height=300 align=center >{ "type": "ExternalData", "service": "geoshape", "ids": "Q13111679"}</mapframe>

===Wards===
Kottakkal Municipality is composed of the following 32 wards:<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://sec.kerala.gov.in/index.php/Content/index/lsgd
|website = sec.kerala.gov.in
|title = Wards of Kottakkal
}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!width="20px" |Ward no.
!width="75px" |Name
!width="20px" |Ward no.
!width="75px" |Name
|-
|1
|Changuvetty Junction
|2
|Choonda
|-
|3
|Kottakkal Town
|4
|Kottakkal Thazhe Angadi
|-
|5
|Palappura
|6
|Mythrinagar
|-
|7
|Nayadippara
|8
|Cheenambuthur
|-
|9
|[[Kavathikalam]] West
|10
|[[Kavathikalam]] East
|-
|11
|Valiyaparamba
|12
|West Villur
|-
|13
|Pappayi
|14
|East Villur
|-
|15
|Kooriyad
|16
|Panikkarkundu
|-
|17
|[[Indianoor]] West
|18
|[[Indianoor]] East
|-
|19
|Muliyankootta
|20
|Maravettum
|-
|21
|Kottoor
|22
|Madrasapadi
|-
|23
|Amapara
|24
|Kuttippuram
|-
|25
|Aalinchuvadu
|26
|Poozhikkunnu
|-
|27
|Palathara
|28
|Kottakkulam
|-
|29
|Pulikkode
|30
|Thokkambara
|-
|31
|Changuvettykundu
|32
|Khurbani
|}

== Transportation ==
* '''Bus services:''' Kottakkal Bus station at the heart of the town, links to all rural bus services around Kottakkal locality and Long route services connecting nearby towns like [[Tirur]], [[Manjeri]], [[Malappuram]], [[Perinthalmanna]], [[Valanchery]] etc. [[Kerala State Road Transport Corporation|KSRTC]] service also available.
* '''Railway Station:''' [[Tirur railway station]] is one of the major railway stations in the Malabar region. Almost every train stops here, connecting the Malappuram district to the rest of the country. It is located 14 km away from the Kottakkal town. Passengers from Kottakkal can also access Angadippuram railway station which is about 26 km from kottakkal town.
* '''Nearest Airport:''' [[Calicut International Airport]] is approximately 25 kilometres away.

==Nearby places==

* [[Vengara, Malappuram district|Vengara]], [[Oorakam]], Cherukulamba, Puthuparamba and [[Edarikode]]
* [[Indianoor]], [[Kavathikalam]], [[Puthanathani]] [[Marakkara]], [[Kalpakanchery]], [[Maravattam]], [[Kadampuzha]], Puthur, [[Padapparamba]], Chattiparamba
* Pang, [[Parappur]], Pottippara, Venniyoor and [[Vettichira]]

==See also==
* [[Kottakkal Assembly constituency]]
* [[Malappuram district]]
* [[Malappuram Lok Sabha constituency]]
* [[Kottakkal Municipality]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kottakkal&params=10.9990_N_75.9918_E_type:city(44382)_region:IN-KL GeoHack - Kottakkal]
* [http://www.wikimapia.org/#lat=10.9995434&lon=76.0019588&z=17&l=0&m=b Kottakkal in Wikimapia]
* [http://www.kottakkal.lsgkerala.gov.in/ Kottakkal Municipality] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121219094213/http://www.kottakkal.lsgkerala.gov.in/ |date=19 December 2012 }}
* Documentary on Arya Vaidya Sala in Malayalam - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IuPbz-etmMI

{{commons category}}

{{Navboxes
| title = Articles Related to Kottakkal
| list =
{{Municipalities of Kerala}}
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[[Category:Cities and towns in Malappuram district]]

Kuki-Chin languages

2026-01-26T03:43:14Z

StaciWinslow: improved article

{{short description|Language family}}
{{Confusing|date=December 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2017}}
{{Infobox language family
| name = Kuki-Chin
| altname = Kuki-Chin-Mizo, Kukish
| region = [[India]], [[Myanmar]], [[Bangladesh]]
| ethnicity = [[Zo people|Zo]]
*[[Kuki people|Kuki]]
*[[Chin people|Chin]]
*[[Mizo people|Mizo]]
*[[Zomi people|Zomi]]
| familycolor = Sino-Tibetan
| fam2 = [[Tibeto-Burman]]
| fam3 = [[Central Tibeto-Burman languages|Central Tibeto-Burman]]
| fam4 = [[Kuki-Chin–Naga languages|Kuki-Chin–Naga]]
| child1 = [[Northwestern Kuki-Chin languages|Northwestern]]
| child2 = [[Northeastern Kuki-Chin languages|Northeastern]]
| child3 = [[Central Kuki-Chin languages|Central]]
| child4 = [[Maraic languages|Maraic]]
| child5 = [[Southern Kuki-Chin languages|Southern]]
| child6 = [[Khomic languages|Khomic]]
| glotto = kuki1246
| glottoname = Kuki-Chin
| ancestor = [[Proto-Kuki-Chin]]{{sfn |VanBik |2009}}
| notes =
}}
[[File:Kuki-Chin languages map.png|thumb|right|Blue: Old Kuki, Green: Kuki-Zo, Red: Central, Orange: Maraic, Yellow: Southern, Purple: Khomic]]
The '''Kuki-Chin languages''' (also called '''Kukish'''<ref>{{cite book |last=Burling |first=Robbins |title=The Sino-Tibetan Languages |publisher=Routledge |year=2003 |isbn=0-7007-1129-5 |editor-last=Thurgood |editor-first=Graham |edition=1st |pages=169–191 |chapter=The Tibeto-Burman languages of Northeastern India |editor-last2=LaPolla |editor-first2=Randy J.}}</ref> or '''South-Central Tibeto-Burman languages''') are a branch of the [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan language family]] spoken in northeastern [[India]], western [[Myanmar]] and southeastern [[Bangladesh]]. Most notable Kuki-Chin-speaking [[ethnic group]]s are referred to collectively as the [[Zo people]] which includes the [[Mizo people|Mizo]], [[Kuki people|Kuki]], [[Chin people|Chin]] and [[Zomi people|Zomi]] people.

Kuki-Chin is alternatively called ''South-Central'' Trans-Himalayan (or ''South Central'' Tibeto-Burman) by Konnerth (2018), because of negative connotations of the term "Kuki-Chin" for many speakers of languages in this group.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Konnerth |first=Linda |year=2018 |title=The historical phonology of Monsang (Northwestern South-Central/"Kuki-Chin"): A case of reduction in phonological complexity |journal=Himalayan Linguistics |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=19-49 |doi=10.5070/H917134878 |quote=...many language activists among the speakers of languages of the South-Central branch has made it clear to me that using the "Kuki-Chin" label is very insensitive.|doi-access=free }}</ref>

Kuki-Chin is sometimes placed under [[Kuki-Chin–Naga languages|Kuki-Chin–Naga]], a geographical rather than linguistic grouping.

==Geographical distribution==
*[[Northwestern Kuki-Chin languages|Northwestern]] ("Old Kuki"): [[Chandel district]] of Manipur, India; [[Tamu Township]] of Sagaing Region, Myanmar.
*[[Northeastern Kuki-Chin languages|Northeastern]] ("Kuki-Zo"): [[Chandel district]], [[Churachandpur district]], [[Kangpokpi district]], [[Noney district]], [[Tamenglong district]], and [[Tengnoupal district]]s of Manipur, India; [[Tedim Township]] of Chin State, Myanmar; [[Tamu Township]] of Sagaing Region, Myanmar.
*[[Central Kuki-Chin languages|Central]]: whole state of [[Mizoram]], India; [[Pherzawl district]] of Manipur, India; parts of [[Cachar district]] and parts of [[Karbi Anglong district]] of Assam, India; parts of [[East Jaintia Hills district]] of Meghalaya, India; [[Falam Township]], [[Hakha Township]], and [[Thantlang Township]]s of Chin State, Myanmar; [[Kalay Township]] and [[Khampat|Khampat area]] of Sagaing Region, Myanmar, parts of [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]] of Bangladesh.
*[[Maraic languages|Maraic]]: majority of [[Siaha district]] of [[Mizoram]], India; parts of [[Matupi Township]] of Chin State, Myanmar.
*[[Southern Kuki-Chin languages|Southern]]: [[Kanpetlet Township]], [[Matupi Township]], [[Mindat Township]], [[Paletwa Township]]s of Chin State, Myanmar; parts of the [[Arakan Range]] of Rakhine State, Myanmar; parts of [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]] of Bangladesh.
*[[Khomic languages|Khomic]]: [[Paletwa Township]] of Chin State, Myanmar; parts of [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]] of Bangladesh.

==Internal classification==
The [[Karbi language]]s may be closely related to Kuki-Chin, but Thurgood (2003) and van Driem (2011) leave Karbi unclassified within Sino-Tibetan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Thurgood |first=Graham |title=The Sino-Tibetan languages |publisher=Routledge |year=2003 |isbn=0-7007-1129-5 |editor-last=Thurgood |editor-first=Graham |location=London |pages=13–14 |chapter=A subgrouping of the Sino-Tibetan languages: The interaction between language contact, change, and inheritance |editor-last2=LaPolla |editor-first2=Randy J.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=van Driem |first=George L. |year=2011 |title=Tibeto-Burman subgroups and historical grammar |url=http://www.linguistics.ucsb.edu/HimalayanLinguistics/articles/2011/HLJ1001B.html |url-status=dead |journal=Himalayan Linguistics Journal |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=31–39 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112220623/http://www.linguistics.ucsb.edu/HimalayanLinguistics/articles/2011/HLJ1001B.html |archive-date=12 January 2012}}</ref>

The Kuki-Chin branches listed below are from VanBik (2009), with the ''[[Northwestern Kuki-Chin languages|Northwestern]]'' branch added from [[Scott DeLancey]], et al. (2015),<ref>{{cite conference |last=DeLancey |first=Scott |last2=Boro |first2=Krishna |last3=Konnerth |first3=Linda |last4=Teo |first4=Amos |date=14 May 2015 |title=Tibeto-Burman Languages of the Indo-Myanmar borderland |conference=31st South Asian Languages Analysis Roundtable}}</ref> and the ''[[Khomic languages|Khomic]]'' branch (which has been split off from the ''Southern'' branch) from Peterson (2017).{{sfn |Peterson |2017}}

{{tree list}}
*'''Kuki-Chin'''
**'''[[Central Kuki-Chin languages|Central]]''': [[Mizo language|Mizo]] (Duhlian), [[Bawm language|Bawm]] (Sunthla and Panghawi), [[Falam language|Falam]] (Hallam, [[Ranglong]], [[Darlong]], Hauhulh, Simpi, Hualngo, [[Chorei]]), [[Thor language|Thor]] (Tawr), [[Hmar language|Hmar]], [[Hrangkhol language|Hrangkhol]], [[Biate language|Biate]] (Biete), [[Hakha Chin language|Hakha]] (Lai/Pawi, Mi-E, Zokhua), [[Pangkhua language|Pangkhua]], [[Saihriem language|Saihriem]], [[Falam language|Laizo]]/[[Taisun language|Tlaisun]], [[Khualshim language|Khualsim]], [[Zanniat]], [[Zahau language|Zahau]], [[Sim language|Sim]]
**'''[[Maraic languages|Maraic]]''': [[Mara language|Mara]] (Tlosai {Siaha and Saikao}, Hawthai {Lyvaw, Sizo, and Lochei}, Hlaipao {Zyhno, Heima, and Lialai}), [[Zyphe language|Zophei]], [[Senthang language|Senthang]], [[Zotung language|Zotung]] (Lungngo, Calthawn, Innmai), [[Lautu Chin language|Lautu]]
**'''[[Northeastern Kuki-Chin languages|Northeastern]]''' ('''Northern'''): Suantak-Vaiphei, [[Zou language|Zo]] (Zou), [[Paite language|Paite]], [[Tedim language|Tedim]], [[Thado language|Thado]] (Kuki), [[Gangte language|Gangte]], [[Simte language|Simte]], [[Vaiphei language|Vaiphei]], [[Sizang language|Sizang]], [[Ralte language|Ralte]], [[Ngawn language|Ngawn]]
**'''[[Southern Kuki-Chin languages|Southern]]''': [[Shö language|Shö]] (Asho/Khyang, Chinbon), [[Thaiphum language|Thaiphum]], [[Daai language|Daai]] (Nitu), [[Mün language|Mün]], [[Yindu Daa languages|Yindu]], [[Nga La language|Matu]], [[Welaung language|Welaung]] (Rawngtu), [[Kaang Chin language|Kaang]], [[Laitu Chin language|Laitu]], [[Rungtu Chin language|Rungtu]], [[Songlai Chin language|Songlai]], [[Sumtu Chin language|Sumtu]]
**'''[[Khomic languages|Khomic]]''': [[Khumi language|Khumi]] (Khumi proper and Khumi Awa), [[Mro language|Mro]], [[Rengmitca language|Rengmitca]], etc.
**'''[[Northwestern Kuki-Chin languages|Northwestern]]''' ("Old Kuki"): [[Monsang language|Monsang]], [[Moyon language|Moyon]], [[Lamkang language|Lamkang]], [[Aimol language|Aimol]], [[Anal language|Anal]], [[Tarao language|Tarao]], [[Koireng language|Koireng]] (Kolhreng), [[Chiru language|Chiru]], [[Kom language (India)|Kom]], [[Chothe language|Chothe]], [[Purum language|Purum]],{{sfn |Peterson |2017}} [[Kharam language|Kharam]],{{sfn |Peterson |2017}}
{{tree list/end}}

[[Darlong language|Darlong]] and [[Ranglong language|Ranglong]] are unclassified Kuki-Chin language.

The recently discovered [[Sorbung language|Sorbung]] language may be mixed language that could classify as either a Kuki-Chin or [[Tangkhul languages|Tangkhul]] language.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Mortenson |first=David |last2=Keogh |first2=Jennifer |year=2011 |title=Sorbung, an Undocumented Language of Manipur: its Phonology and Place in Tibeto-Burman |url=http://jseals.org/JSEALS-4-1.pdf |journal=Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=64-114}}</ref>

[[Anu-Hkongso Chin language|Anu-Hkongso]] speakers self-identify as ethnic [[Chin people]], although their language is closely related to [[Mru language|Mru]] rather than to Kuki-Chin languages. The [[Mruic languages]] constitute a separate Tibeto-Burman branch, and are not part of Kuki-Chin.{{sfn |Peterson |2017}}

===VanBik (2009)===
Kenneth VanBik classified the Kuki-Chin languages based on shared [[sound changes]] (phonological innovations) from Proto-Kuki-Chin as follows.{{sfn |VanBik |2009 |p=23}}

{{tree list}}
*'''Kuki-Chin'''
**[[Central Kuki-Chin languages|Central]]: *k(ʰ)r-, *p(ʰ)r- > *t(ʰ)r-; *k(ʰ)l-, *p(ʰ)l- > *t(ʰ)l-; *y- > *z-
***[[Pangkhua language|Pangkhua]]?
***[[Tawr language|Lamtuk Thet]]: Lamtuk, Ruavan
***[[Lai languages|Lai]]
****[[Hakha Chin language|Hakha]]: [[Hakha Chin language|Hakha]], [[Thantlang]], Zokhua
****[[Falam language|Falam]]: [[Bawm language|Bawm]], Bualkhaw, [[Falam language|Laizo]], Lente, [[Khualshim language|Khualsim]], Khuangli, Sim, Tlaisun, [[Zanniat language|Zanniat]]
***[[Mizo language|Mizo]]
****[[Mizo language|Mizo]]: Fanai, Hualngo, Lushai, Khiangte
****[[Hmar language|Hmar]]: Khosak, Thiek, Lawitlang, Khawbung, Darngawn, Lungtau, Leiri
**[[Maraic languages|Maraic]]: *kr- > *ts-; *-ʔ, *-r, *-l > -Ø; *-p, *-t, *-k > *-ʔ; *θ- > *s-
***[[Mara language|Mara]]
****Tlosai
*****Saikao
*****Siaha
****Hlaipao
*****Heima
*****Lialai
*****Vahapi/Zyhno
****HawThai
*****Sizo
******Ngaphepi
******Sabyu
******Chapi
*****Lyvaw
******Lochei
******Tisih
******Phybyu
***[[Lautu language|Lautu]]
****Hnaro
****Chawngthia
***[[Zyphe language|Zophei]]
****Vytu
****Sate/Awsa
***[[Senthang language|Senthang]]
****Khuapi
****Surkhua
***[[Zotung language|Zotung]] *h- > *f-; *kr- > *r-; *khl- > *kh-, *l-; *c(h)- > *t(h)-/*s-; *y- > *z-/*z(h)-; *w- > *v-
****Calthawng
****Innmai
****Lungngo/Tinpa
**Peripheral: *r- > *g-
***[[Northeastern Kuki-Chin languages|Northern]]: *θ- > *ts-; *kl- > *tl-; *-r > *-k
****[[Thado language|Thado]]/[[Kuki language|Kuki]], [[Tedim language|Tedim]], [[Khongjai|Khuangsai]], [[Paite language|Paite]] Vuite, [[Chiru language|Chiru]]
****[[Siyin language|Sizang]], [[Guite people|Guite]], [[Vaiphei language|Vaiphei]], [[Ralte language|Ralte]],
***[[Southern Kuki-Chin languages|Southern]] (Southern Plains): *-r > *-y
****[[Khumi language|Khumi]]: Khomi, Wakung
****[[Shö language|Cho-Asho]]
*****Asho
*****Cho: [[Matu language|Matu]]; Chinpon; [[Daai language|Daai]], Nghmoye, Ngmuun, Mkaang
{{tree list/end}}

===Peterson (2017)===
David A. Peterson's internal classification of the Kuki-Chin languages is as follows.{{sfn |Peterson |2017 |p=206}}

{{tree list}}
*'''Kuki-Chin'''
**[[Northwestern Kuki-Chin languages|Northwestern]] ("Old Kuki"): ''[[Purum language|Purum]], Koireng, [[Monsang language|Monsang]]'', etc.
**Central
***[[Central Kuki-Chin languages|Core Central]]
***[[Maraic languages|Maraic]]
**Peripheral
***[[Northeastern Kuki-Chin languages|Northeastern]] ("Northern")
***[[Khomic languages|Khomic]]: ''Khami/[[Khumi language|Khumi]], [[Mro language|Mro]]-Khimi, Lemi, [[Rengmitca language|Rengmitca]]'', etc.
***[[Southern Kuki-Chin languages|Southern]]
****''Cho''
****''Daai''
****''Hyow''/''[[Shö language|Asho]]''
{{tree list/end}}

Peterson's ''Northeastern'' branch corresponds to VanBik's ''Northern'' branch, while Peterson's ''Northwestern'' corresponds to the ''Old Kuki'' branch of earlier classifications.

==See also==
*[[Lai languages]]
*[[Pau Cin Hau script]]
*[[wikt:Appendix:Kuki-Chin Swadesh lists|Kuki-Chin Swadesh lists]] (Wiktionary)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=van Driem |first=George |title=Languages of the Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region |publisher=Brill |year=2001 |isbn=978-90-04-12062-4}}
* {{cite book |last=Peterson |first=David A. |title=Sociohistorical linguistics in Southeast Asia: New horizons for Tibeto-Burman studies in honor of David Bradley |publisher=Brill |year=2017 |isbn=978-90-04-34983-4 |editor-last=Ding |editor-first=Picus Sizhi |location=Leiden |pages=189-209 |chapter=On Kuki-Chin subgrouping |doi=10.1163/9789004350519_012 |editor-last2=Pelkey |editor-first2=Jamin}}
* {{cite book |last1=VanBik |first1=Kenneth |url=https://stedt.berkeley.edu/pubs_and_prods/STEDT_Monograph8_Proto-Kuki-Chin.pdf |title=Proto-Kuki-Chin: a reconstructed ancestor of the Kuki-Chin languages |date=20 October 2009 |publisher=University of California |isbn=0-944613-47-0 |location=Berkeley |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130702145747/http://stedt.berkeley.edu/pubs_and_prods/STEDT_Monograph8_Proto-Kuki-Chin.pdf |archive-date=2 July 2013 |url-status=live}}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |last=Button |first=Christopher |url=http://stedt.berkeley.edu/pubs_and_prods/STEDT_Monograph10_Proto-Northern-Chin.pdf |title=Proto Northern Chin |year=2011 |isbn=0-944613-49-7 |series=STEDT Monograph |volume=10 |oclc=1013268663}}
* {{cite journal |year=2014 |title=Proto-Kuki-Chin initials according to Toru Ohno and Kenneth VanBik |url=http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/18355/ |journal=Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society |volume=7 |pages=11–30 |surname=Hill |given=Nathan W.}}
* {{cite thesis |surname=Lam Thang |given=Khoi |title=A Phonological Reconstruction of Proto Chin |type=MA thesis |publisher=Payap University |url=http://inter.payap.ac.th/wp-content/uploads/linguistics_PDF/Khois-Proto-Reconstruction-of-Chin-revised.pdf |year=2001 |location=Chiang Mai}}
* {{cite web |last=Mann |first=Noel |last2=Smith |first2=Wendy |year=2008 |title=Chin bibliography |url=http://li.payap.ac.th/images/stories/survey/Chin%20Bibliography.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423220249/http://li.payap.ac.th/images/stories/survey/Chin%20Bibliography.pdf |archive-date=23 April 2019 |publisher=Payap University |location=Chiang Mai}}
* {{cite book |last=Dal Sian Pau |first=S. |title=The comparative study of Proto-Zomi (Kuki-Chin) languages |publisher=Zomi Language & Literature Society |year=2014 |location=Lamka, Manipur, India}}{{snd}}Comparative word list of [[Paite language|Paite]], [[Simte language|Simte]], [[Thangkhal language|Thangkhal]], [[Zou language|Zou]], [[Kom language (India)|Kom]], [[Paite language|Paite]] or [[Tedim language|Tedim]], and [[Vaiphei language|Vaiphei]]
* {{cite web |last=Smith |first=Wendy |last2=Mann |first2=Noel |year=2009 |title=Chin bibliography with selected annotations |url=http://li.payap.ac.th/images/stories/survey/Chin%20Bibliography%20with%20Selected%20Annotations.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030042946/https://li.payap.ac.th/images/stories/survey/Chin%20Bibliography%20with%20Selected%20Annotations.pdf |archive-date=30 October 2019 |publisher=Payap University |location=Chiang Mai}}

==External links==
* [http://hmartlangsam.blogspot.com/ Tlângsam: Latest News in Hmar language – Mizoram, Manipur, Assam, NE India]
* [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLFJadjKGLrZCkr7m1Dl37exwsauW9OODP Recent Advances in Kuki-Chin Linguistics]

{{Sino-Tibetan languages}}
{{Kuki-Chin–Naga languages}}
{{Languages of Myanmar}}
{{Languages of Northeast India}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Kuki-Chin languages| ]]
[[Category:Languages of India]]
[[Category:Languages of Bangladesh]]

Amira Nature Foods

2026-01-13T04:35:14Z

StaciWinslow: started first data needs work!

{{Short description|Food Processing & Distributing Company}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Amira Nature Foods Ltd
| logo = Amira Nature Foods Logo.png
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{OTC Expert|ANFIF}} (formerly {{NYSE was|RYCE}}, delisted on August 18, 2020)
| company_slogan =
| foundation = 1915
| founder = B.D. Chanana
| location_city = [[Dubai]]
| location_country = [[United Arab Emirates]]
| locations =
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = [[Karan A. Chanana]] (Chairman)
| num_employees = 27
| parent =
| industry = [[Agribusiness]]
| products = Rice, organic ingredients, pulses, oil, spices
| revenue = {{loss}} $64.4 million [[United States dollar|USD]] (2019)<ref name="2019financial">[https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1552448/000147793220005055/ryce_20f.htm"] [[Business Wire]], July 29, 2016.</ref>
| net_income = {{loss}} $-357.88 million [[United States dollar|USD]] (2019) <ref name="2019financial"/>
| homepage = {{URL|www.amira.net}}
}}

'''Amira Nature Foods Ltd''' is a food company primarily engaged in the distribution of [[basmati]] rice and related food products.

Amira is a [[public company]] trading [[Over-the-counter_(finance)|over the counter]] since it was removed from public listing on the [[New York Stock Exchange]] in August 2020. The company was delisted after repeatedly missed deadlines for filing its financial reports with the [[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]].

Amira Nature Foods Ltd is a [[parent company]], registered in the [[British Virgin Islands]] and headquartered in [[Dubai]], [[United Arab Emirates]]. The parent company wholly owns multiple [[subsidiary]] companies engaged in global rice distribution. The company owns 49.8% of Amira Pure Foods Private Limited (referred to as "Amira India"), after a [[debt restructuring]] agreement with the company's [[creditors]] in November 2018 reduced Amira's ownership stake from 80.4%.<ref name="20f2019">{{cite web |title=SEC Filing - 2019 Annual Report |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1552448/000147793220005055/ryce_ex81.htm |website=SEC Filing |access-date=5 February 2021}}</ref> Amira India produces basmati rice by ageing and processing rice.

==History==

Amira Nature Foods Ltd was founded in 1915 under the name Nav Bharat by B.D. Chanana, is as a trading house that buys and sells locally grown beans.<ref name="cdulaney">Chelsey Dulaney, [https://www.wsj.com/articles/amira-nature-foods-posts-strong-profit-revenue-1409257806 “Amira Nature Foods Posts Strong Profit, Revenue,”] ''The Wall Street Journal'', August 28, 2014.</ref><ref name="raddy">Rod Addy, [http://www.foodmanufacture.co.uk/Business-News/Rice-firm-boosts-supermarket-presence “Amira G Foods targets foodservice next,”] Food Manufacture, October 13, 2014.</ref><ref name="100years">[http://www.inpursuitofthepalate.com/amira-foods-amira-group-100-years/ “The First 100 Years,”] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122040810/http://www.inpursuitofthepalate.com/amira-foods-amira-group-100-years/ |date=November 22, 2015 }} In Pursuit of the Palate. Accessed November 12, 2015.</ref> The company was later taken over by B.D. Chanana's son, Karam Chanana. In 1968, the third generation of the family, Anil Chanana, joined the company, changed the name to Amira, and began focusing on exporting.<ref name="100years"/><ref>[https://www.amira.net/distributor/about-amira/history/ History], amira.net. Accessed November 12, 2015.</ref> Karan A. Chanana, the current chairman, is the fourth generation of his family to run the company.<ref>[https://www.globalbankingandfinance.com/karan-a-chanana-profile/ "KARAN A. CHANANA – PROFILE,"] globalbankingandfinance.com, January 28, 2015</ref>

The company is headquartered in [[Dubai, United Arab Emirates]],<ref name="msorensen">Maddie Sorensen, [http://www.dakotafinancialnews.com/amira-nature-foods-upgraded-to-buy-by-zacks-anfi/338583/ “Amira Nature Foods Upgraded to Buy by Zacks,”] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913031155/http://www.dakotafinancialnews.com/amira-nature-foods-upgraded-to-buy-by-zacks-anfi/338583/ |date=September 13, 2015 }} Dakota Financial News, August 10, 2015.</ref> with additional offices in [[India]], [[Germany]], the [[United Kingdom]] and the [[United States]] and Canada.<ref name="jblank">John Blank, [http://www.zacks.com/stock/news/164073/my-findings-on-the-amira-anfi-debacle “My Findings on the Amira (ANFI) Debacle,”] Zacks, February 11, 2015.</ref><ref>[https://www.amira.net/amira-signs-public-as-advertising-and-branding-agency/ “Amira Signs ‘Public’ as Advertising and Branding Agency,”] Amira.net, April 2, 2015.</ref>

Since 2008, the company has been selling products under its Amira brand.<ref name="jblank"/>

Amira Nature Foods Ltd went public on the [[New York Stock Exchange]] in October 2012.<ref name="cdulaney"/> In December 2013, in an effort to further expand into the European market, Amira announced a deal to purchase Basmati Rice GmbH, a Germany-based distributor of rice, primarily basmati. It was the company's first acquisition since going public.<ref>Marilyn Much, [http://news.investors.com/011514-686481-amira-nature-foods-grows-in-basmati-rice-market.htm?ven=djcp&src=aurlabo “Amira Nature Foods Makes Its Name On A Grain Of Rice,”] Investors.com, January 15, 2014.</ref>

In 2014, Amira Pure Foods announced an e-retailing partnership with [[Snapdeal]] to sell its basmati rice online.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141024232734/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-10-21/news/55279723_1_basmati-rice-brand-premium-range “Amira rice ties up with Snapdeal for e-retailing,”] ''[[The Economic Times]]'', October 21, 2014.</ref>

===Recent history and financial difficulties===

In March 2018, the company recognized an [[Impairment (financial reporting)| impairment]] of $134 million USD as a result of quality deterioration of stored rice.

Until 2018, Amira Nature Foods Ltd was the parent company of Amira Pure Foods, an Indian company that operates a 310,000 square-foot processing and milling facility in basmati rice paddy-producing regions of [[North India]].<ref name="jblank"/><ref> [http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/business/companies/amira-nature-foods-ltd/index.html Profile of Amira Nature Foods Ltd.], ''[[The New York Times]]''. Accessed November 12, 2015.</ref> In November 2018, Amira Nature Foods Ltd reduced its ownership of subsidiary company Amira India from 80.4% to 49.8%. This [[debt restructuring]] reduced Amira India's indebtedness from $250.23 million USD to $35.08 million. As a result of the reduction in ownership below 50%, Amira India is no longer a subsidiary of Amira Nature Foods Ltd and is not included in the [[consolidated financial statement]]. This significant change in the company structure saw the total assets of Amira Nature Foods Ltd decrease from $512.8 million in 2018 to only $26.2 million in 2019, and accordingly the financial results from 2019 onwards are not comparable with the results from previous years.

In its regulatory filings for March 2019 (published 19th August 2020), Amira reported revenues of $64.4 million USD and losses of $-357.88 million USD.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=SEC Filing|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1552448/000147793220005055/ryce_20f.htm|access-date=|website=}}</ref> The company's [[auditor]] indicated "substantial doubt" as to Amira's ability to continue as a [[going concern]]. The company reported that it was being pursued in the Indian courts under section 9 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, with a lender seeking repayment of a loan of $14.1 million. Amira cited the cause as being an inability to serve its debts and pay the liabilities.

On August 18, 2020, Amira Nature Food Ltd's ordinary shares were suspended from trading on the New York Stock Exchange due to non-timely filing of the company's 2019 and 2020 [[annual report]].<ref name=20F2019>{{cite web | title = RYCE 20F | url = https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1552448/000147793220005055/ryce_20f.htm | page = 32 | publisher = [[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] | accessdate = September 9, 2020}}</ref>

The company's shares were permanently removed from listing and registration on the New York Stock Exchange on December 29 2020. The NYSE determined that the company was not suitable for listing because of delays and non-publication of its 2019 and 2020 annual reports. Amira Nature Foods Ltd had appealed the August 18 notice, but formally withdrew their appeal on December 14, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=SEC Filing for permanent delisting of Amira Nature Foods Ltd|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/876661/000087666120001226/0000876661-20-001226.txt|access-date=4 February 2021|website=SEC.gov}}</ref> While the company had filed its 2019 report, its 2020 Report remains unpublished and the company has failed to publish any annual reports since.

==Products==
Amira sells [[basmati]] rice grown at the foothills of the [[Himalayas]], purchased from [[smallholding|smallholder]] farmers in India. Following harvest, the rice is typically aged for a year in burlap sacks to help bring out the rice's aromatic flavor, after which the grain's husk is removed.<ref name="snassauer">{{cite web|first1=Sarah|last1=Nassauer |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/white-red-black-or-wildwhich-kind-of-rice-is-your-favorite-1413315691 |title=White, Red, Black or Wild – Which Kind of Rice Is your Favorite? |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=2014-10-15 |accessdate=2021-02-06 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>Ruth Taber, [http://www.elpasotimes.com/living/ci_28584987/basmati “Basmati has long reputation for pleasing foodie palates,”] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150808110021/http://www.elpasotimes.com/living/ci_28584987/basmati |date=2015-08-08 }} ''[[El Paso Times]]'', August 5, 2015.</ref> The rice is then processed in [[Delhi, India]], by Amira India, before being distributed, marketed and sold at retail and wholesale chains worldwide.<ref name="raddy"/><ref name="msorensen"/><ref name="et120814">[http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-12-08/news/56839651_1_basmati-rice-organic-rice-organic-products “Amira group ties up with 7,500 farmers for organic crops,”]{{dead link|date=October 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} ''The Economic Times'', December 8, 2014.</ref>

The company's basmati, sold in metallic gold packaging, is said to have "a strong floral, nutty scent and flavor after cooking."<ref name="snassauer"/> Other products include specialty and organic rice, cooking oil, spices, flour and organic wheat, barley and legumes.<ref name="cdulaney"/><ref name="raddy"/><ref name="et120814"/>
==Financial performance==
Amira Nature Foods Ltd publishes annual financial reports with the [[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] in [[Form 20-F]].

{| class="wikitable"
|+ US Dollars (Millions)
|-
!
!March 31, 2021!! March 31, 2020 !! March 31, 2019 !! March 31, 2018 !! March 31, 2017 !! March 31, 2016
!March 31, 2015
|-
| '''Revenue'''
|''Filing overdue''|| ''Filing overdue'' || $64.4 || $413.9 || $551.8 || $563.5
|$700.0
|-
| '''Profit/Loss'''
|''Filing overdue''|| ''Filing overdue'' || -$357.9 || -$93.6 || $31.5 || $32.9
|$53.2
|}

Note: Following the deconsolidation of Amira India from Amira Nature Foods Ltd, financial performance since 2019 is no longer comparable with pre-2019 financial years. The total assets of Amira Nature Foods Ltd decreased from $512.8 million in 2018 to only $26.2 million in 2019 as a result of the deconsolidation of Amira India.

==Company structure==
Amira Nature Foods Ltd is a [[holding company]] with no direct operations. The company owns a number of subsidiary and associate companies.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=SEC Filing - Amira Subsidiaries March 2019|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1552448/000147793220005055/ryce_ex81.htm|access-date=5 February 2021|website=}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Amira Nature Food Ltd's Subsidiaries
|-
! Name of company !! Country of incorporation or establishment !! Equity interest held
|-
| Amira Nature Foods Ltd (“Amira Mauritius”) || Mauritius || 100% by Amira Nature Foods Ltd
|-
| Amira International Finance B.V. || Netherlands || 100% by Amira Nature Foods Ltd
|-
| Red Reinel Limited || Mauritius || 100% by Amira Mauritius
|-
| Amira I Grand Foods Inc. || British Virgin Islands || 100% by Amira Mauritius
|-
| Amira Basmati Rice GmbH EUR || Germany || 100% by Amira Mauritius
|-
| Basmati Rice North America LLC || United States || 100% by Amira I Grand Foods Inc. (BVI)
|-
| Amira K.A. Foods International DMCC || United Arab Emirates || 100% by Amira I Grand Foods Inc. (BVI)
|-
| Amira G Foods Limited || United Kingdom || 100% by Amira I Grand Foods Inc. (BVI)
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Amira Nature Foods Associate Companies
|-
! Name of company !! Country of incorporation or establishment !! Equity interest held
|-
| Amira Pure Foods Private Limited (“Amira India”) || India || 49.8% by Amira Mauritius
|}

==Ownership==
Karan A. Chanana is the [[majority shareholder]] of Amira Nature Foods Ltd, owning 65% of the ordinary shares.{{Citation needed|date=July 2021}}

==Financial allegations==

In February 2015, a [[short selling]] firm alleged that Amira had overstated its revenue. Amira filed a lawsuit against the short selling firm later in 2015, calling its reports factually inaccurate and false.<ref>Hannah Abdulla, [http://www.just-food.com/news/amira-files-lawsuit-for-damages-against-prescience-point_id130823.aspx “Amira files lawsuit for damages against the short-selling firm,”] just-food.com, August 12, 2015.</ref><ref>Greg Hazley, [http://www.odwyerpr.com/story/public/4050/2015-02-12/fti-aids-amira-as-rice-exporter-boils-over-fraud-report.html “FTI Aids Amira as Rice Exporter Boils Over ‘Fraud’ Report,”] ''[[J. R. O'Dwyer Company|O'Dwyer's]]'', February 12, 2015.</ref> In April 2017, Amira announced a settlement was reached in the lawsuit filed against the short selling firm, related entities and individuals.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/brief-amira-nature-foods-says-reached-se/brief-amira-nature-foods-says-reached-settlement-in-lawsuit-against-short-selling-firm-idUSFWN1HF0TE?type=companyNews,"BRIEF-Amira Nature Foods says reached settlement in lawsuit against short-selling firm"] Reuters, April 7, 2017.</ref>

Following the allegations in 2015, two proposed shareholder class action lawsuits (which were subsequently consolidated into one) were filed against Amira in the United States. The company contested the allegations in the Class Action and filed a motion to dismiss the Class Action. On 22 August 2016, Amira announced that the United States District Court for the Central District of California had granted the company's motion to throw out the lawsuit.<ref>Dean Best, [http://www.just-food.com/news/amira-nature-foods-sees-us-court-dismiss-lawsuit_id134186.aspx "Amira Nature Foods sees US court dismiss lawsuit,"] just-food.com, August 22, 2016.</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of rice cultivars]]
* [[Al Nassma Chocolate]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{official website|http://www.amira.net}}
* [https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?CIK=1552448 SEC Filings: Amira Nature Foods Inc]

[[Category:Rice in India]]
[[Category:Rice organizations]]
[[Category:Food and drink companies based in Dubai]]
[[Category:Companies formerly listed on the New York Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Food and drink companies established in 1915]]
[[Category:Agriculture companies of the United Arab Emirates]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1915]]
[[Category:Agriculture companies established in the 1910s]]
[[Category:Companies established in 1915]]

Pushpagiri Medical College

2026-01-13T00:24:23Z

StaciWinslow:

{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox college
| name = Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre
| caption = Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre
| image = Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Center.jpg
| established = {{Start date|1959|08|15}}
| affiliations = [[National Medical Commission]]
| city = [[Thiruvalla]], [[Pathanamthitta district|Pathanamthitta]]
| state = [[Kerala]]
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|9.381|76.581|type:edu_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| language = English
| website = {{URL|https://pushpagiri.in}} {{URL|https://pimsrc.edu.in}}
}}
{{Short description|Medical college in Thiruvalla, Kerala}}
'''Pushpagiri Medical College''' is a 678-bed, multidisciplinary, speciality hospital in [[Thiruvalla]], [[Kerala]], India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pushpagiri Medical College Hospital: Latest News, Videos and Photos of Pushpagiri medical college {{!}} Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/pushpagiri-medical-college |access-date=2022-06-10 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> It is administered by Thiruvalla Archeparchy of the [[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Pushpagiri Medical College Hospital |url=https://www.pushpagiri.in/ |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=www.pushpagiri.in}}</ref> The hospital began as an eight-bed clinic in 1959 and was recognized as a [[teaching hospital]] in 2002. The hospital is certified by the [[International Organization for Standardization|International Organization for Standardization's]] (ISO) [[ISO 9000|9001:2000 standards]] and India's [[National Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers]] (NABH).<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers (NABH) |url=https://www.nabh.co/frmViewAccreditedEmergency.aspx |access-date=2022-06-10 |website=www.nabh.co}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

*[http://www.pushpagiri.in/ Hospital Website]
*[http://pimsrc.edu.in/ Medical college website]
*[http://www.catholicate.net Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]

{{Health in Kerala |state=collapsed|Pushpagiri Medical College Hospital=Started in 1959 as an eight bedded clinic for mother and child.}}
{{Christianity in Kerala}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Catholic universities and colleges in India]]
[[Category:Private medical colleges in India]]
[[Category:Hospitals in Kerala]]
[[Category:Medical colleges in Kerala]]
[[Category:Colleges affiliated with the Kerala University of Health Sciences]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Pathanamthitta district]]
[[Category:Hospitals established in 1959]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1959]]
[[Category:1959 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:Thiruvalla]]
[[Category:Pathanamthitta]]
[[Category:Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]]

{{India-hospital-stub}}
{{Kerala-university-stub}}
{{SyroMalankara-stub}}
{{Catholic-university-stub}}

Jayadeb

2026-01-09T04:26:58Z

StaciWinslow: fixed issues

{{Short description|1962 Odia film directed by Byomkesh Tripathy}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Jayadeb
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[Byomkesh Tripathi]]
| writer =
| starring = [[Sahu Samuel]], [[Shefali]] and [[Byomkesh Tripathi]]
| producer = [[Kalyan Gupta]]
| cinematography =
| released = {{Film date|1962}}
| country = India
| runtime =
| language = [[Odia language|Odia]]
| music = [[Balakrishna Das]]
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''Jayadeb'''<ref name=imdb>{{IMDb title|1402503}}</ref> is a 1962 [[Odia cinema|Odia film]] directed by [[Byomkesh Tripathi]] about [[Jayadeva]] a well known Sanskrit poet and lyricist of [[Odisha|Orissa]]

==Cast==
* [[Sahu Samuel]]
* [[Miss Shefali]]
* [[Byomkesh Tripathi]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1962 films]]
[[Category:1960s Odia-language films]]
[[Category:1962 Indian films]]

{{Odia-film-stub}}

Sound & Vision India

2026-01-01T19:09:29Z

StaciWinslow: made a stub needs work!

{{Short description|Indian dubbing studio group}}
{{Primary sources|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Sound & Vision India
| logo = [[File:Soundandvisionindia logo.png|130px]]
| type = Privately held Corporation
| foundation = 1992
| location = [[Andheri West]], [[Mumbai]], India
| founder = [[Leela Roy Ghosh]] † [[Mona Ghosh Shetty]]
| fate =
| industry = Media
| products =
| market cap =
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| shareholder =
| assets =
| equity =
| num_employees = 11–60
| owner =
| divisions =
| homepage = {{URL|www.soundandvisionindia.in/}}
}}

'''Sound & Vision India''' is an Indian [[Dubbing (filmmaking)|dubbing]] studio group located in [[Andheri]], [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sound & Vision India in Andheri West, Mumbai |url=https://www.justdial.com/jdmart/Mumbai/Sound-Vision-India-Next-to-ZAF-Fitness-Club-Off-Juhu-Versova-Link-Road-Andheri-West/022PXX22-XX22-090611194059-H2T7_BZDET/catalogue |access-date=2024-12-12 |website=Justdial.com}}</ref>

==History==
Sound & Vision India was founded in 1992 by [[Leela Roy Ghosh]] and her daughter [[Mona Ghosh Shetty]].

Sound & Vision India mainly adapts foreign content into other languages, including [[English language|English]], [[Hindi]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]]. They have also dubbed foreign productions into [[Urdu]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Malayalam]], and [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.soundandvisionindia.in/home.html |title=Sound & Vision India |publisher=Soundandvisionindia.in |date=n.d.|access-date=23 September 2012}}</ref>

==Dubbing work==

===Live action films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Title !! Dubbing Director !! Original date release !! Dubbed date release (India) !! Original Language(s) !! Dubbed Language(s) !! Country of origin !! Edition(s) release !! Notes
|-
|[[Jurassic Park (film)|''Jurassic Park'']] || [[Leela Roy Ghosh]] || 11 June 1993 (North America) || 15 April 1994 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema [[VCD]] DVD [[Blu-ray]] Television || Very first film that was dubbed by this studio, after its foundation in 1992.
|-
|''[[The Lost World: Jurassic Park]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 23 May 1997 (North America) || September 1997 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[Jurassic Park III]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 18 July 2001 (North America) || September 2001 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[Jurassic World]]'' || [[Mona Ghosh Shetty]] [[Kalpesh Parekh]] (Hindi dub) K. Sabarinathan (Tamil dub) M. Mythili Kiran (Telugu dub) || 12 June 2015 || 12 June 2015 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema  || Released the same day, alongside its North American release.
|-
|''[[Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom]]'' || Unknown || 22 June 2018 || 8 June 2018 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD [[Sony DADC]] Blu-ray Television || Released the same day, alongside its North American release.
|-
|''[[Jurassic World: Dominion]]'' || Mona Ghosh Shetty || 10 June 2022 || 10 June 2022 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema DVD Blu-ray Television || Released the same day, alongside its North American release.
|-
|[[The Jungle Book (1994 film)|''The Jungle Book'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh || 25 December 1994 || 1994 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[True Lies]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 15 July 1994 || 1995 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray || A second Hindi dub was made in 2004 for Television.
|-
|''[[Schindler's List]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 30 November 1993 (Washington, D.C.) 15 December 1993 (North America) 10 February 1994 (Australia) 18 February 1994 (United Kingdom) || 1995 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray ||
|-
|''[[Dragonheart]]''|| Leela Roy Ghosh || 31 May 1996 (North America) 31 August 1996 (Japan) 18 October 1996 (United Kingdom) || 1997 || English || Hindi || US UK [[Slovakia]] || Cinema VCD DVD || There was a second Hindi dub produced for this film by a different dubbing studio.
|-
|''[[Jumanji (film)|Jumanji]]''|| Leela Roy Ghosh || 11 December 1995 || 1997 || English || Hindi || US Canada || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray || There was a second Hindi dub produced for this film by a different dubbing studio for Television.
|-
|[[The Flintstones (film)|''The Flintstones'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh || 27 May 1994 || 1995 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|[[Casper (film)|''Casper'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh || 26 May 1995 || 1995 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[Replacement Killers]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 6 February 1998 || July 1998 || English Cantonese || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|[[Titanic (1997 film)|''Titanic'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh || 1 November 1997 ([[Tokyo International Film Festival]]) 19 December 1997 (North America) || 13 March 1998 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || *Also aired on [[UTV Software Communications|UTV]].
|-
|[[Godzilla (1998 film)|''Godzilla (1998)'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh || 20 May 1998 (North America) 11 July 1998 (Japan) || July 1998 || English French Japanese || Hindi Tamil Telugu ||US Japan || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[Godzilla 2000]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 11 December 1999 (Japan) 18 August 2000 (North America) || 13 October 2000 || Japanese || Hindi || Japan || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|[[Deep Impact (film)|''Deep Impact'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh || 8 May 1998 || 18 September 1998 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Disc Television || A second Hindi dub was released on a newer Home Media release on 30 March 2009.
|-
|[[Anaconda (1997 film)|''Anaconda'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh (Hindi dub) || 11 April 1997 (North America) 22 August 1997 (Brazil) || October 1997 || English || Hindi [[Bengali language|Bengali]] || US Brazil || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Disc || First film that the studio has dubbed into the Bengali language.
|-
|''{{ill|Solo for Clarinet|de|Solo für Klarinette}}''|| Unknown || 15 October 1998 || 1999 || German || English || Germany || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || This film was dubbed into English.
|-
|[[Mighty Joe Young (1998 film)|''Mighty Joe Young'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh || 25 December 1998 || May 1999 || English Swahili || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|[[King Cobra (1999 film)|''King Cobra'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh || 27 April 1999 || August 1999 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|[[Deep Blue Sea (1999 film)|''Deep Blue Sea'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh (Hindi dub) || 28 July 1999 || November 1999 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|[[Bats (film)|''Bats'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh || 22 October 1999 || 2000 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[The Matrix]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 31 March 1999 || 31 March 1999 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || rowspan="4" |The entire series was released on the same day as its North American launch.
|-
|''[[The Matrix Reloaded]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 15 May 2003 || 15 May 2003 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television
|-
|''[[The Matrix Revolutions]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 5 November 2003 || 5 November 2003 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television
|-
|''[[The Matrix Resurrections]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 22 December 2021 || 22 December 2021 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television
|-
|[[The Mummy (1999 film)|''The Mummy'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh || 7 May 1999 || July 1999 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[The Mummy Returns]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 4 May 2001 || 22 June 2001 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 1 August 2008 || 1 August 2008 || English Mandarin Chinese [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] || Hindi Tamil Telugu || UK US China Germany || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|[[Cut (2000 film)|''Cut'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh || 23 February 2000 || November 2000 || English || Hindi || Australia || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|[[The Perfect Storm (film)|''The Perfect Storm'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh || 30 June 2000 || 17 November 2000 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[Hollow Man]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 4 August 2000 || November 2000 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|[[House on Haunted Hill (1999 film)|''House on Haunted Hill (1999)'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh || 29 October 2000 || December 2000 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[The 6th Day]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 28 October 2000 ([[Tokyo International Film Festival|TIFF]]) 17 November 2000 (North America) 16 December 2000 (Japan) || 19 January 2001 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[Dude, Where's My Car?]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 15 December 2000 || January 2001 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|[[Cleopatra (1999 film)|''Cleopatra (1999)'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh || 23 May 1999 || February 2001 || English || Bengali || US || VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|[[The Little Vampire (film)|''The Little Vampire'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh || 18 August 2000 (Edinburgh Film Festival) 27 October 2000 (North America) || October 2001 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || Germany [[Netherlands]] US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 10 December 2001 (United Kingdom premiere) 19 December 2001 (United Kingdom and North America) 20 December 2001 (New Zealand) || 15 March 2002 || English || Hindi || New Zealand UK US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 5 December 2002 (New York City premiere) 18 December 2002 (United Kingdom and North America) 19 December 2002 (New Zealand) || 28 March 2003 || English || Hindi || New Zealand UK US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 1 December 2003 ([[Wellington]] premiere) 17 December 2003 (United Kingdom) 17 December 2003 (North America) 18 December 2003 (New Zealand) || 6 February 2004 || English || Hindi || New Zealand UK US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|[[Collateral Damage (2002 film)|''Collateral Damage'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh (Hindi dub) || 4 February 2002 (Premiere) 8 February 2002 (North America) || May 2002 || English Spanish || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[Cadet Kelly]]'' || Unknown || 8 March 2002 (North America) || Unknown || English || Bengali || US Canada || VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || [[Disney Channel Original Movie]].
|-
|[[Spider-Man (2002 film)|''Spider-Man'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh (Hindi dub) || 3 May 2002 (North America) || 24 May 2002 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[Spider-Man 2]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh (Hindi dub) || 30 June 2004 (North America) || 23 July 2004 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[Spider-Man 3]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh (Hindi dub) || 16 April 2007 (Tokyo premiere) 4 May 2007 (North America) || 4 May 2007 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu Bhojpuri || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || First Hollywood movie to receive a Bhojpuri dub.
|-
|[[Reign of Fire (film)|''Reign of Fire'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh (Hindi dub) || 12 July 2002 || September 2002 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US UK Ireland || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|[[Baran (film)|''Baran'']] || Unknown || 31 January 2001 ([[Fajr|Tehran Fajr Film Festival]]) || 2003 || [[Persian language|Persian]] || English || [[Iran]] || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|[[Van Helsing (film)|''Van Helsing'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh || 7 May 2004 || 2 July 2004 || English Latin Czech || Hindi Bengali || US [[Czech Republic]] || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray || *Sugar Mediaz produced a separate second Hindi dub for airing on Television in 2006.
|-
|[[Pride (2004 film)|''Pride'']] || Unknown || 21 June 2004 (North America) 27 December 2004 (United Kingdom) 21 December 2005 (Japan) || 2006 || English || Hindi || UK [[Tanzania]] || DVD Television || Aired on television, followed by a DVD release.
|-
|''[[Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 30 July 2004 || 2004 || English || Hindi || US Canada Germany || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television||
|-
|''[[Lion of the Desert]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh (Hindi Dub) || 17 April 1981 || 17 December 2004 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || [[Libya]] US || VCD DVD Blu-ray Television||
|-
|[[X-Men (film)|''X-Men'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh || 14 July 2000 || 6 October 2000 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
| [[X2 (film)|''X2'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh || 2 May 2000 || 9 May 2000 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
| ''[[X-Men: The Last Stand]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 26 May 2006 || 2 June 2006 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
| ''[[X-Men Origins: Wolverine]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 29 April 2009 (Australia) 1 May 2009 (North America) || 19 June 2009 || English || Hindi || US Australia New Zealand || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
| ''[[X-Men: First Class]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 1 June 2011 (United Kingdom) 3 June 2011 (North America) || 10 June 2011 || English Japanese || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US UK || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
| ''[[X-Men: Days of Future Past]]'' || Unknown || 10 May 2014 (Javits Center) 22 May 2014 (United Kingdom) 23 May 2014 (North America) || 23 May 2014 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu Urdu || US UK || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || Released the same day, alongside the North American release.
|-
| [[The Wolverine (film)|''The Wolverine'']] || Unknown || 24 July 2013 (Various markets) 25 July 2013 (Australia) 26 July 2013 (North America) || 26 July 2013 || English Japanese || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US Australia || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
| [[Logan (film)|''Logan'']] || Mona Ghosh Shetty Kalpash Parekh Divya Acharya || 3 March 2017 || 3 March 2017 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema DVD Blu-ray Television || Release the same day, alongside the North American release.
|-
|[[The Fast and the Furious (2001 film)|''The Fast and the Furious'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh || 22 June 2001 || 2001 || English Japanese || Hindi || US Germany Japan || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[2 Fast 2 Furious]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 6 June 2003 || July 2003 || English Japanese || Hindi || US Japan || Cinema VCD DVD Television ||
|-
|''[[The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 4 June 2006 (Universal City, California) 15 June 2006 (Australia) 16 June 2006 (North America & United Kingdom) || July 2006 || English Japanese || Hindi || US Japan || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|[[Fast & Furious (2009 film)|''Fast & Furious'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh || 3 April 2009 || 3 April 2009 || English Japanese || Hindi || US Japan || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || Released the same day as the North American release.
|-
|''[[Fast Five]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 20 April 2011 (Australia) 29 April 2011 (North America) || 6 May 2011 || English Japanese || Hindi || US Japan || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[Fast & Furious 6]]'' || Unknown || 7 May 2013 (Premiere, London) 17 May 2013 (United Kingdom) 24 May 2013 (North America and International) || 24 May 2012 || English Japanese Russian || Hindi || US Japan || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || Released the same day as its International release.
|-
|[[Fantastic Four (2005 film)|''Fantastic Four'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh || 8 July 2005 || 8 July 2005 || English || Hindi || US Germany || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || Released the same day as its North American release. [[Main Frame Software Communications]] gave this film a Tamil and Telugu dub.
|-
|''[[Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 15 July 2007 || 15 July 2007 || English Japanese Mandarin Chinese Arabic || Hindi || US Germany UK || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || Released the same day as its North American release. [[Main Frame Software Communications]] gave this film a Tamil and Telugu dub.
|-
|[[Zathura (film)|''Zathura'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh (Hindi dub) || 6 November 2005 (Jamaica) 11 November 2005 (North America) || 24 March 2006 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and the Wardrobe]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh (Hindi dub) K. Sabarinathan (Tamil dub) M. Mythili Kiran (Telugu dub) || 8 December 2005 (United Kingdom) 9 December 2005 (North America) || 9 December 2005 || English German || Hindi Tamil Telugu || UK US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh (Hindi dub) K. Sabarinathan (Tamil dub) M. Mythili Kiran (Telugu dub) || 16 May 2008 (North America) 26 June 2008 (United Kingdom) || 16 May 2008 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || UK US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LRTuu3aI1Cc |title=The Chronicles of Narnia – Voyage of the Dawn Trader (Hindi, Tamil and Telugu Credits) – YouTube |via=YouTube |date=8 March 2014 |access-date=21 March 2014}}</ref>''|| Leela Roy Ghosh / Kalpesh Karthik (Hindi dub) K. Sabarinathan (Tamil dub) M. Mythili Kiran (Telugu dub) || 30 November 2010 (Royal Film Performance) 9 December 2010 (United Kingdom) 10 December 2010 (North America) || 3 December 2010 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || UK US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[Eight Below]]'' || Unknown || 17 February 2006 || 30 March 2006 || English || Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|[[Provoked (film)|''Provoked'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh (Hindi dub) || 14 June 2006 (International Indian Film Academy Festival) 6 April 2007 (United Kingdom) || || English Punjabi || Hindi Tamil Telugu || UK || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|[[Click (2006 film)|''Click'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh (Hindi dub) || 23 June 2006 || 2006 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|[[Casino Royale (2006 film)|''Casino Royale'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh (Hindi dub) || 14 November 2006 (London Premiere) 17 November 2006 (North America) || 15 December 2006 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || UK || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[Quantum of Solace]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh (Hindi dub) || 29 October 2008 (London Premiere) 31 October 2008 (United Kingdom) 14 November 2008 (North America) || 7 November 2008 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || UK || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[Skyfall]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wssYBIOFq3w |title=Skyfall Dubbing Cast – Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Russian, Ukrainian |via=YouTube |date=21 June 2014 |access-date=22 June 2014}}</ref>''|| Mona Ghosh Shetty Kalpesh Parekh (Hindi dub) K. Sabarinathan (Tamil dub) M. Mythili Kiran (Telugu dub) || 23 October 2012 (London Premiere) 26 October 2012 (United Kingdom) 9 November 2012 (North America) || 9 November 2012 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || UK || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|[[Spectre (2015 film)|''Spectre'']] || Mona Ghosh Shetty || 6 November 2015 || 20 November 2015 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || Release the same day as its North American release.
|-
|''[[No Time to Die]]'' || Mona Ghosh Shetty || 8 October 2021 || 30 September 2021 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu Kannada || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || Released the same day as its North American release.
|-
|[[Ghost Rider (2007 film)|''Ghost Rider'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh || 16 February 2007 || 16 February 2007 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD || In 2010, UTV Action released a second Hindi dub that they produced with a new Hindi dubbing voice cast, produced by [[Main Frame Software Communications]].
|-
| ''[[Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 11 December 2011 ([[Butt-Numb-A-Thon]]) 17 February 2012 || 17 February 2012 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD || UTV Action released a second Hindi dub that they produced with a new Hindi dubbing voice cast, produced by [[Main Frame Software Communications]].
|-
|[[Bridge to Terabithia (2007 film)|''Bridge to Terabithia'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh (Hindi dub) || 16 February 2007 (North America) 7 June 2007 (New Zealand) || 16 February 2007 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US New Zealand || Cinema VCD DVD Television ||
|-
|[[A Sound of Thunder (film)|''Sound of Thunder'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh || 15 May 2005 (Cannes) 2 September 2005 (North America) 24 November 2005 (Czech Republic) || June 2007 || English [[Mandarin Chinese]] || Hindi || UK US Germany [[Czech Republic]] || Cinema VCD DVD Television ||
|-
|[[Transformers (film)|''Transformers'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh || 28 June 2007 (Australia) 4 July 2007 (North America) || 4 August 2007 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 19 June 2009 (United Kingdom) 24 June 2009 (North America) || 1 July 2007 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[Transformers: Dark of the Moon]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 23 June 2011 ([[Moscow International Film Festival|MIFF]]) 29 June 2011 (North America) || 29 June 2011 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || *Released the same day as its North American release.
|-
|''[[Transformers: Age of Extinction]]'' || Unknown || 19 June 2014 (Hong Kong) 27 June 2014 (North America) || 27 June 2014 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US China || Cinema  || *Released the same day as its North American release.
|-
|''[[Transformers: The Last Knight]]'' || Unknown || 21 June 2017 || 23 June 2017 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema  || Released the same day as its North American release.
|-
|[[300 (film)|''300'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh || 9 December 2006 ([[Butt-Numb-A-Thon]]) 9 March 2007 (North America) || 16 March 2007 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US [[Greece]] || Cinema VCD DVD || On 27 November 2010, [[Main Frame Software Communications]] released a second Hindi dub that they produced with a new Hindi dubbing voice cast to air on UTV Action.
|-
|''[[The Water Horse]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh (Hindi dub) || 25 December 2007 (North America) 8 February 2008 (United Kingdom) || 4 April 2008 || English || Hindi Telugu || UK US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[Mega Snake]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh (Hindi dub) || 28 July 2007 || 11 July 2008 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|[[Croc (film)|''Croc'']] || Unknown || 4 November 2007 || 2009 || English || Hindi || US [[Thailand]] || VCD DVD Blu-ray Television
|-
|[[Iron Man (2008 film)|''Iron Man'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh || 2 May 2008 (North America) || 1 May 2008 || English || Hindi Tamil || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[Iron Man 2]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 7 May 2010 (North America) || 7 May 2010 || English || Hindi Tamil || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[Iron Man 3]]'' || Unknown || 3 May 2013 (North America) || 26 April 2013 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|[[The Day the Earth Stood Still (2008 film)|''The Day the Earth Stood Still'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh (Hindi dub) || 12 December 2008 || 2009 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US Canada || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[Dragonball Evolution]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh (Hindi dub) || 10 March 2009 (Japan) 10 April 2009 (North America) || 7 August 2009 || English || Hindi Tamil || US Hong Kong UK || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[Race to Witch Mountain]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 13 March 2009 || 19 March 2009 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || Presented by [[UTV Software Communications]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IHwz4xvUvsU |title=Race to Witch Mountain 2009 part 10 hindi.flv |via=YouTube |date=31 December 2009 |access-date=7 September 2013}}</ref>
|-
|''[[The Hangover]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 5 June 2009 || 26 June 2009 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
| ''[[The Hangover Part II]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 26 May 2011 || 27 May 2011 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
| ''[[The Hangover Part III]]'' || Unknown || 23 May 2013 || 31 May 2013 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[Rise of the Gargoyles]]'' || Unknown || 21 June 2009 || 2010 || English || Hindi || US Canada France [[Romania]] || VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[Malibu Shark Attack]]'' || Unknown || 25 July 2009 || 2010 || English || Hindi Tamil || Canada Australia || VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|[[Avatar (2009 film)|''Avatar'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh || 10 December 2009 (London premiere) 18 December 2009 (North America) || 18 December 2009 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[2022 Tsunami]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 28 May 2009 || April 2010 || Thai || English Hindi || [[Thailand]] || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || A Thai film that was dubbed into English and Hindi by this studio.
|-
|''[[The Storm Warriors]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh (Hindi Dub) || 17 December 2009 (Hong Kong) || January 2011 || [[Cantonese Chinese]] || English Hindi || Hong Kong || VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|[[Tooth Fairy (2010 film)|''Tooth Fairy'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh || 15 January 2010 (Mexico & Venezuela) 22 January 2010 (North America) || 28 January 2010 || English || Hindi || Canada US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|[[Clash of the Titans (2010 film)|''Clash of the Titans'']] || Unknown || 2 April 2010 || 2 April 2010 || English || Bengali || UK US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || *Released the same day as its North American release. *[[Main Frame Software Communications]] has dubbed this movie into Hindi/Tamil/Telugu.
|-
|''[[Wrath of the Titans]]'' || Unknown || 28 March 2012 (France) 30 March 2012 (North America) || 30 March 2012 || English || Bengali || UK US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || *Released the same day as its North American release. *[[Main Frame Software Communications]] has dubbed this movie into Hindi/Tamil/Telugu.
|-
|[[Alice in Wonderland (2010 film)|''Alice in Wonderland'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh || 25 February 2010 (London) 5 March 2010 (North America) || 12 March 2010 || English || Hindi Bengali || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || *[[Main Frame Software Communications]] has dubbed this movie into Tamil and Telugu.
|-
|[[Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time (film)|''Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh / Kalpesh Karthik (Hindi dub) K. Sabarinathan (Tamil dub) M. Mythili Kiran (Telugu dub) || 6 May 2010 (London Premiere) 28 May 2010 (North America) || 28 May 2010 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || *Released the same day as its North American release.
|-
|[[The Karate Kid (2010 film)|''The Karate Kid'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh || 11 June 2010 || 11 June 2010 || English [[Mandarin Chinese]] || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US China || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || On 25 June 2011, UTV Action aired a second Hindi dub produced by [[UTV Software Communications]] in-house.
|-
|''[[Knight and Day]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 23 June 2010 || 9 July 2010 || English Spanish German || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|[[Predators (2010 film)|''Predators'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh (Hindi dub) || 7 July 2010 (International) 9 July 2010 (North America) || 6 August 2010 || English Spanish Russian || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|[[The Sorcerer's Apprentice (2010 film)|''The Sorcerer's Apprentice'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh (Hindi dub) || 14 July 2010 || 15 July 2010 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[Tron Legacy]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh / Kalpesh Karthik (Hindi dub) K. Sabarinathan (Tamil dub) M. Mythili Kiran (Telugu dub) || 17 December 2010 (North America) || 17 December 2010 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|[[The Smurfs (film)|''The Smurfs'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh || 25 June 2011 (France, Belgium & Netherlands) 29 July 2011 (North America) || 23 July 2011 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || *Live Action with CGI Animated characters.
|-
|''[[The Smurfs 2]]'' || Unknown || 28 July 2013 (Westwood, California) 31 July 2013 (North America) || 2 August 2013 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || *Live Action with CGI Animated characters.
|-
|''[[Cowboys & Aliens]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 23 July 2011 ([[San Diego Comic-Con International|Comic-Con]]) 29 July 2011 (North America) || 29 July 2011 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || *Released the same day as its North American release.
|-
|''[[The Raid: Redemption]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 8 September 2011 ([[Toronto International Film Festival|TIFF]]) 20 January 2012 ([[Sundance Film Festival|Sundance]]) 23 March 2012 ([[Indonesia]]) || 11 May 2012 || Indonesian || English Hindi || [[Indonesia]] || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || This film received an English and Hindi dub.
|-
|''[[The Raid 2]]'' || Unknown || 21 January 2014 ([[Sundance Film Festival|Sundance]]) 28 March 2014 ([[Indonesia]]) 11 April 2014 (UK) || 30 May 2014 || Indonesian English Japanese || English Hindi || [[Indonesia]] || Cinema  || This film received an English and Hindi dub.
|-
|[[Hugo (2011 film)|''Hugo'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh || 23 November 2011 || 4 May 2012 || English || Hindi || US UK France || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|[[The Darkest Hour (film)|''The Darkest Hour'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh / Kalpesh Karthik (Hindi dub) K. Sabarinathan (Tamil dub) M. Mythili Kiran (Telugu dub) || 22 December 2011 (Russia) 25 December 2011 (North America) || 6 January 2012 || English Russian || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US Russia || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|[[John Carter (film)|''John Carter'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh || 7 March 2012 (France) 9 March 2012 (North America) || 9 March 2012 || English || Hindi Tamil || US Cinema [[VCD]] DVD [[Blu-ray]] Television || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|[[The Avengers (2012 film)|''The Avengers'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh || 11 April 2012 (world premiere) 4 May 2012 (North America) || 27 April 2012 || English Russian || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || *Released before the North American screening.
|-
|''[[Avengers: Age of Ultron]]'' || Mona Ghosh Shetty Kalpesh Parekh (Hindi dub) K. Sabarinathan (Tamil dub) M. Mythili Kiran (Telugu dub) || 13 April 2015 (Dolby Theatre) 1 May 2015 (North America) || 24 April 2012 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema  || *Released before the North American screening.
|-
|''[[Avengers: Infinity War]]'' || Mona Ghosh Shetty (Hindi dub) K.Sabarinathan (Tamil dub) [[Rana Daggubati]] (Telugu dub) || 27 April 2018 || 27 April 2018 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || UK US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || Released before the North American screening.
|-
| ''[[Avengers: Endgame]]'' || Mona Ghosh Shetty (Hindi dub) [[Vijay Sethupathi]] (Tamil dub) Rana Daggubati (Telugu dub) || 26 April 2019 || 26 April 2019 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || Released before the North American screening.
|-
| [[Prometheus (2012 film)|''Prometheus'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh || 30 May 2012 (Belgium, France and Switzerland) 1 June 2012 (United Kingdom) 8 June 2012 (North America) || 8 June 2012 || English || Hindi || US UK || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || Release the same day as its North American release.
|-
| ''[[Alien: Covenant]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 12 May 2017 || 12 May 2017 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || Release the same day as its North American release.
|-
|''[[Men in Black III]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 25 May 2012 (North America) || 25 May 2012 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || *Released the same day as its original release. *This marked the last dubbed film that Leela Roy Ghosh directed before her death.
|-
|''[[Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter]]'' || Unknown || 22 June 2012 (North America) || 13 July 2012 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|[[The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 film)|''The Amazing Spider-Man'']] || Unknown || 29 June 2012 (Tokyo Premiere) 30 June 2012 (North America) || 29 June 2012 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu Malayalam || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || *Released the same day as its Tokyo premiere, dubbed in the 4 listed Indian languages.
|-
|''[[The Amazing Spider-Man 2]]'' || Unknown || 16 April 2014 (International) 2 May 2014 (North America) || 1 May 2014 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu Malayalam || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || *Released one day before the North American release, dubbed into the 4 listed Indian languages.
|-
|[[Total Recall (2012 film)|''Total Recall'']] || Unknown || 3 August 2012 (North America) || 3 August 2012 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || *Released the same day as its original release.
|-
|''[[The Expendables 2]]'' || Unknown || 17 August 2012 (North America) || 24 August 2012 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|[[Resident Evil (2002 film)|''Resident Evil'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh (Hindi dub) || 15 March 2002 (North America) 21 March 2002 (Germany) 3 April 2002 (France) 12 July 2002 (UK) || 2002 || English || Hindi || Germany France UK US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[Resident Evil: Apocalypse]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 10 September 2004 || 26 November 2004 || English || Hindi || Germany France UK US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[Resident Evil: Extinction]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 20 September 2007 (Russia) 21 September 2007 (North America) 12 October 2007 (United Kingdom) || 28 September 2007 || English || Hindi ||UK Canada || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray || On 22 June 2010, UTV Action released a second Hindi dub that was produced by [[Main Frame Software Communications]] with a new Hindi dubbing voice cast.
|-
|''[[Resident Evil: Afterlife]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 10 September 2010 || 10 September 2010 || English || Hindi || Canada Germany US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray || Released the same day as its North American release.
|-
|''[[Resident Evil: Retribution]]'' || Unknown || 3 September 2012 (World premiere – Tokyo, Japan) 6 September 2012 (Europe premiere – Moscow, Russia) 14 September 2012 (International release) || 28 September 2012 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || Canada Germany || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray ||
|-
|[[Looper (film)|''Looper'']] || Unknown || 6 September 2012 ([[2012 Toronto International Film Festival|TIFF]]) 28 September 2012 (North America) || 12 October 2012 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|[[Life of Pi (film)|''Life of Pi'']] || Unknown || 21 November 2012 || 23 November 2012 || English Tamil French || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US China [[India]] Canada || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]'' || Unknown || 28 November 2012 ([[Wellington]] premiere) 12 December 2012 (New Zealand) 13 December 2012 (United Kingdom) 14 December 2012 (North America) || 14 December 2012 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || New Zealand UK US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || Released the same day as the North American release.
|-
|''[[A Good Day to Die Hard]]'' || Unknown || 31 January 2013 (World premiere) 13 February 2013 (North America) || 22 February 2013 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu Punjabi || US [[Hungary]] || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || First Hollywood film to be dubbed into the [[Punjabi language]].
|-
|''[[Oz the Great and Powerful]]'' || Unknown || 14 February 2013 ([[El Capitan]] Theatre) 8 March 2013 (North America) || 8 March 2013 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || Released the same day as its North American release.
|-
|''[[Olympus Has Fallen]]'' || Unknown || 20 March 2013 (France) 22 March 2013 (North America) || 22 March 2013 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || Released the same day as its North American release.
|-
| ''[[London Has Fallen]]'' || Unknown || 1 March 2016 (hollywood) 4 March 2016 (North America) || 4 March 2016 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || Released the same day as its North America release.
|-
|[[Riddick (film)|''Riddick'']] || Unknown || 4 September 2013 (United Kingdom) 6 September 2013 (North America) || 6 September 2013 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US UK || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || Released the same day, as its North American release.
|-
|[[Welcome to the Jungle (2013 film)|''Welcome to the Jungle'']] || Unknown || 27 April 2013 (Newport Beach Film Festival) 7 February 2014 (United States) || 7 February 2014 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || Released the same day as its North American release.
|-
|''[[Mortified Nation]]'' || Unknown || 5 December 2013 || March 2014 || English || Hindi || US || Television || Documentary film.
|-
|[[Guardians of the Galaxy (film)|''Guardians of the Galaxy'']] || Mona Ghosh Shetty || 21 July 2014 ([[Dolby Theatre]]) 1 August 2014 (North America) || 8 August 2014 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu ||* US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || Hindi version released as '''Brahmand Ke Boss''' ('''ब्रह्मांड के रक्षक''')
|-
|''[[Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2]]'' || Mona Ghosh Shetty || 5 May 2017 || 5 May 2017 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Television || Released the same as its North American release.
|-
|''[[Guardians of the Galaxy Volume 3]]'' || Mona Ghosh Shetty || 5 May 2023 || 5 May 2023 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema DVD Blu-ray Television || Released the same as its North American release.
|-
|[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2014 film)|''Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles'']] || Mona Ghosh Shetty Kalpesh Parekh (Hindi dub) K. Sabarinathan (Tamil dub) M. Mythili Kiran (Telugu dub) || 7 August 2014 (Russia & Hong Kong) 8 August 2014 (North America) || 8 August 2014 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || Released the same day as its North American release.
|-
|''[[Dracula Untold]]'' || Unknown || 10 October 2014 || 17 October 2014 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || Released the same day as its North American release.
|-
|[[Ouija (2014 film)|''Ouija'']] || Mona Ghosh Shetty Kalpesh Parekh (Hindi dub) || 24 October 2014 (North America) || 30 October 2014 (Cinema) 26 February 2015 (VCD/DVD/Blu-ray) || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[Dumb and Dumber To]]'' || Mona Ghosh Shetty Kalpesh Parekh (Hindi dub) || 7 November 2014 (North America) || 21 November 2014 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[Exodus: Gods and Kings]]'' || Mona Ghosh Shetty Kalpesh Parekh (Hindi dub) K. Sabarinathan (Tamil dub) M. Mythili Kiran (Telugu dub) ???? (Malayalam dub) || 12 December 2014 (North America) || 5 December 2014 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu Malayalam || US UK Spain || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || Released seven days before the North American release.
|-
| [[Ant-Man (film)|''Ant-Man'']] || Mona Ghosh Shetty Kalpesh Parekh (Hindi dub) K. Sabarinathan (Tamil dub) M. Mythili Kiran (Telugu dub) || 29 June 2015 (Dolby Theatre) 17 July 2015 (North America) || 24 July 2015 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema ||
|-
| ''[[Ant-Man and the Wasp]]'' || Mona Ghosh Shetty Kalpesh Parekh (Hindi dub) K. Sabarinathan (Tamil dub) M.Mythili Kiran (Telugu dub) || 6 July 2018 || 13 July 2018 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || Released the same day as its North American release.
|-
|''[[Dil to Pagal Hai]]'' || Unknown || 31 October 1997 || 31 October 1997 || Hindi || Tamil Telugu || [[India]] || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[Enthiran]]''|| Leela Roy Ghosh (Hindi dub) M. Mythili Kiran (Telugu dub) || 1 October 2010 || 1 October 2010 || Tamil || Hindi Telugu || [[India]] || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || Released as '''Robo''' ('''రోబో''') in Telugu and '''Robot''' ('''रोबोट''') in Hindi.
|-
|''[[Dhoom 3]]'' || Unknown || 20 December 2013 || 20 December 2013 || Hindi || Tamil Telugu || [[India]] || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[Bang Bang!]]'' || Unknown || 2 October 2014 || 2 October 2014 || Hindi || Tamil Telugu || [[India]] || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
|''[[Krrish 3]]'' || Unknown || 1 November 2013 || 1 November 2013 || colspan="2" style="text-align:center"|Hindi Tamil Telugu || [[India]] || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || rowspan="2" |Some actors couldn't properly speak their lines, due to temporary health issues. Some voice actors were called in to dub the dialogues of certain actors post-production via [[Automated dialogue replacement|ADR]], even though this film was already shot in Hindi, Tamil and Telugu.
|-
|''[[Gunday]]''|| Unknown || 14 February 2014 || 14 February 2014 || colspan="2" style="text-align:center"|Hindi Bengali || [[India]] || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television
|-
|[[Happy New Year (2014 film)|''Happy New Year'']] || Unknown || 24 October 2014 || 24 October 2014 || Hindi || Hindi Tamil Telugu || [[India]] || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || Some actors couldn't properly speak their lines, due to temporary health issues. Some voice actors were called in to dub the dialogues of certain actors post-production via [[Automated dialogue replacement|ADR]], even though this film was already shot in Hindi. It was also dubbed into Tamil and Telugu.
|-
|''[[Hotel Mumbai]]'' || Unknown || 22 March 2019 || 29 November 2019 || English Hindi Punjab || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US India || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || the film received a Hindi, Tamil and Telugu dub.
|-
| [[Pete's Dragon (2016 film)|''Pete's Dragon'']] || Unknown || 12 August 2016 || 19 August 2016 || English || Hindi || UK US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray || Release the same day as its North American release.
|-
| [[The Jungle Book (2016 film)|''The Jungle Book'']] || Mona Ghosh Shetty (Hindi dub) Sabari Nathan (Tamil dub) Satyanarayana Venkata Muppalla (Telugu dub) || 15 April 2016 || 8 April 2016 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || Released the same day as its North American release.
|-
| [[Deadpool (2016 film)|''Deadpool'']] || Mona Ghosh Shetty || 12 February 2016 || 12 February 2016 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || Released the same day as its North American Release.
|-
| ''[[Deadpool 2]]'' || Mona Ghosh Shetty Kalpesh Parekh || 18 May 2018 || 18 May 2018 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || Released the same day as its North American release.
|-

|-
| ''[[Mission: Impossible – Fallout]]'' || Mona Ghosh Shetty Kalpesh Parekh|| 27 July 2018 || 27 July 2018 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || Released the same day as its North American release.
|-
| ''[[Captain America: The First Avenger]]'' || Unknown ||| 22 July 2011 || 29 July 2011 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || Release the same day, as its North American release.
|-
| ''[[Captain America: The Winter Soldier]]'' || Mona Ghosh Shetty || 4 April 2014 || 4 April 2014 || English || Hindi Tamil || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || Released the same day as its North American release.
|-
|''[[Captain America: Civil War]]'' || Unknown || 6 May 2016 || 6 May 2016 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray || Released the same day as its North American release.
|-
| [[Captain Marvel (film)|''Captain Marvel'']] || Mona Ghosh Shetty (Hindi dub) || 8 March 2019 || 8 March 2019 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || Released the same day as its North American release.
|-

|-
| [[Doctor Strange (2016 film)|''Doctor Strange'']] || Mona Ghosh Shetty || 4 November 2016 || 4 November 2016 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema DVD Blu-ray Television || Released the same day as its North American release.
|-

|-
| ''[[Alita: Battle Angel]]'' || Unknown || 14 February 2019 || 8 February 2019 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema DVD VCD Blu-ray Television || Released the same day as its North American release.
|-

| [[The Lion King (2019 film)|''The Lion King'']] || Mona Ghosh Shetty Kalpesh Parekh || 19 July 2019 || 19 July 2019 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema DVD Blu-ray Television || Released the same day as its North American release.
|-
| [[Aladdin (2019 film)|''Aladdin'']] || Mona Ghosh Shetty (Hindi dub) [[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]] (Tamil dub) Varun Taj (Telugu dub) || 24 May 2019 || 24 May 2019 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema DVD VCD Blu-ray Television ||Released the same day as its North American release.
|-
| ''[[Rambo: Last Blood]]'' || Mona Ghosh Shetty || 18 September 2019 || 18 September 2019 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || Release the same day, as its North American release.
|-
| ''[[Terminator: Genisys]]'' || Unknown || 1 July 2015 || 3 July 2015 || English || Hindi Tamil || UK US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray || This film received a Hindi and Tamil dub.
|-
| [[Terminator: Dark Fate (2019 film)|''Terminator: Dark Fate'']] || (First dub) || 1 November 2019 || 1 November 2019 || English Spanish || Hindi Telugu || New Zealand Spain UK US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray || Released the same day as its North American Release. This film received a Hindi and Telugu dub.
|-
| ''[[X-Men: Dark Phoenix]]'' || KP Sekar (Tamil dub) || 7 June 2019 || 5 June 2019 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || UK US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray || Released the same day as its North American release.
|-
| [[Mulan (2020 film)|''Mulan'']] || Unknown || 4 September 2020 || 4 December 2020 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Digital VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || Released the same day as its North American release.
|-
| [[Cruella (2021 film)|''Cruella'']] || Unknown || 28 May 2021 || 27 August 2021 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Digital VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || The entire series was released on the same day as its North American launch.
|-
| [[Black Widow (2021 film)|''Black Widow'']] || Unknown || 7 July 2021 || 3 September 2021 || English || Hindi Telugu Kannada Malayalam || US || Digital VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || Released the same day as its North American Release. This film received a Hindi, Telugu, Kannada and Malayalam dub.
|}

===Animated films===
{| class=wikitable
|-
! Title !! Dubbing Director !! Original date release !! Dubbed date release (India) !! Original Language(s) !! Dubbed Language(s) !! Country of origin !! Edition release(s) !! Notes
|-
| ''[[Jonny's Golden Quest]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 4 April 1993 || Unknown || English || Hindi || US || Television ||
|-
| ''[[Curly the Littlest Puppy]]'' || Unknown || 1995 || Unknown || English || Hindi Urdu Bengali || Japan Canada US || Television || Dubbed for Television.
|-
| ''[[Antz]]''|| Leela Roy Ghosh || 2 October 1998 || November 1998 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
| ''[[Prince of Egypt]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 18 December 1998 || January 1999 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
| [[Shrek (film)|''Shrek'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh || 18 May 2001 || 2001 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
| ''[[Shrek 2]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 19 May 2004 || 20 August 2004 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
| ''[[Shrek the Third]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 18 May 2007 || 1 June 2007 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
| ''[[Shrek Forever After]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 21 May 2010 || 21 May 2010 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || Released the same day as its North American release.
|-
| [[Puss in Boots (2011 film)|''Puss in Boots'']] || [[Subrato Ghosh]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RJ3l-ecPBLE |title=Puss in Boots – Hebrew, Hindi and Hungarian Credits |website=[[YouTube]] |date=15 May 2013 |access-date=16 May 2013}}</ref> || 28 October 2011 || 2 December 2011 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
| ''[[Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 2 July 2003 || July 2003 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
| ''[[Shark Tale]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 10 September 2004 (Venice Film Festival) 1 October 2004 (North America) || 19 November 2004 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
| [[Madagascar (2005 film)|''Madagascar'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh || 27 May 2005 || 12 August 2005 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
| ''[[Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 7 November 2008 || 19 December 2008 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
| ''[[Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted]]'' || Unknown || 18 May 2012 (Cannes Film Festival) 8 June 2012 (North America) || 8 June 2012 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || Released the same day as its North American release.
|-
| ''[[Bambi]]''|| Leela Roy Ghosh || 13 August 1942 || 2008 || English || Hindi Marathi Gujarati || US || Television DVD || This was the second Hindi dub produced for the TV and DVD release of this movie. and was also dubbed into Marathi and Gujarati. [[Main Frame Software Communications]] produced the first Hindi dub for [[Disney Channel (India)|Disney Channel]] to air on television.
|-
| [[Cinderella (1950 film)|''Cinderella'']] || Unknown || 15 February 1950 || 2009 || English || Bengali || US || Television || Aired on Television.
|-
| ''[[Kung Fu Panda]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 6 June 2008 || 11 July 2008 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
| ''[[Kung Fu Panda 2]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 26 May 2011 || 26 May 2011 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
| ''[[Kung Fu Panda 3]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 29 January 2016 || 1 April 2016 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || Released the same day as its North American release.
|-
| [[How to Train Your Dragon (2010 film)|''How to Train Your Dragon'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh || 26 March 2010 || 16 April 2010 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
| ''[[How to Train Your Dragon 2]]'' || Unknown || 16 May 2014 ([[2014 Cannes Film Festival]]) 13 June 2014 (North America) || June 2014 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television || This studio along with [[Studio One (dubbing studio)|Studio One]] helped dub the movie into Hindi, Tamil and Telugu. The DVD release only mentioned Studio One in the Hindi dubbing credits.
|-
| [[Turbo (2013 film)|''Turbo'']] || Unknown || 24 June 2013 (CineEurope, Barcelona) 17 July 2013 (North America) || 19 July 2013 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
| [[Ice Age (2002 film)|''Ice Age'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh || 15 March 2002 || 3 May 2002 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
| ''[[Ice Age: The Meltdown]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 31 March 2006 || 21 April 2006 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
| ''[[Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 1 July 2009 || 3 July 2009 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
| ''[[Ice Age: Continental Drift]]'' || Unknown || 13 July 2012 || 21 July 2012 ||English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
| [[Rio (2011 film)|''Rio'']] || Leela Roy Ghosh || 22 March 2011 (World Premiere) 15 April 2011 (North America) || 8 April 2011 || English Portuguese || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
| ''[[Rio 2]]'' || Unknown || 20 March 2014 (Azerbaijan) 11 April 2014 (North America) || 11 April 2014 || English Portuguese || Hindi Tamil Telugu<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/sonakshi-sinha-imran-khan-s-voiceover-for-animated-movie-rio-2-489035 |title=Sonakshi Sinha, Imran Khan's voiceover for animated movie Rio 2 |publisher=NDTV.com |date=27 February 2014 |access-date=30 March 2013}}</ref> || US || Cinema  ||
|-
| ''[[The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn]]'' || Leela Roy Ghosh || 23 October 2011 (Brussels Premiere) 21 December 2011 (North America) || 11 November 2011 || English || Hindi || US New Zealand || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television
|-
| ''[[Rise of the Guardians]]'' || Unknown || 10 October 2012 ([[Mill Valley Film Festival]]) 21 November 2012 (North America) || 21 December 2012 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
| ''[[The Croods]]'' || Unknown || 22 March 2013 || 19 April 2013 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
| ''[[A Flintstones Christmas Carol]]'' ||Unknown|| 21 November 1994|| 30 December 2014 || English || Hindi ||US [[Philippines]] || Television ||
|-
| [[Epic (2013 film)|''Epic'']] || Unknown || 24 May 2013 || 17 May 2013 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema VCD DVD Blu-ray Television ||
|-
| [[Planes (film)|''Planes'']] || Unknown || 23 August 2013 || 2015 || English || Hindi || US || Television || The Hindi dubbing finished in 2014 but didn't premiere until late 2015.
|-
| ''[[Ice Age: Collision Course]]'' || Unknown || 22 July 2016 || 15 July 2016 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || US || Cinema DVD Blu-ray VCD Television || released the same day as its North American release.
|-
| ''[[The Boss Baby]]'' || Unknown || 31 March 2017 || 31 March 2017 || English || Hindi || US || Cinema DVD Blu-ray ||
|-
| ''[[Finding Dory]]'' || Unknown || 17 June 2016 || 15 October 2017 || English || Bengali || US || Television || Bengali dub premiered on [[Star Jalsha]].
|}

===Animated series===
{| class= wikitable
|-
! Title !! Dubbing Director !! Country of origin !! Original airdate !! Dubbed airdate !! Original language !! Dub language(s) !! Notes
|-
| ''[[Argai: The Prophecy]]'' || Unknown || France || 9/2/2000-2000 || ???? || French || Hindi Bengali ||
|-
| ''[[Baby Looney Tunes]]'' || Unknown || US || 9/7/2002- 20 April 2005 || ???? || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Batman: The Animated Series]]'' || Unknown || US || 9/5/1992- 15 September 1995 || 9/9/2000- 7/8/2005 || English || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[Code Lyoko]]'' || Unknown || France || 9/3/2003-11/10/2007 || ???? || French || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[Denver The Last Dinosaur]]'' || Unknown || US France || 9/29/1988-11/22/1988 || 1999 || English || Urdu ||
|-
| ''[[Dexter's Laboratory]]'' || Unknown || US || 4/27/1996-11/20/2003 || 8/22/1999-2006 || English || Hindi ||
|-
| [[Donkey Kong Country (TV series)|''Donkey Kong Country'']] || Unknown || France Canada || 9 April 1996 (France) 8/15/1997-7/7/2000 (North America) || 2006–2008 || English || Hindi || Aired on [[Disney Channel India]].
|-
| ''[[Dragon Booster]]'' || Unknown || Canada US || 10/23/2004-12/23/2006 || ???? || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Dragon Hunters]]'' || Unknown || France || 1/14/2006-2007 || ???? || French || Hindi ||
|-
| [[Duck Dodgers (TV series)|''Duck Dodgers'']] || Unknown || US || 8/23/2003-11/11/2005 || ???? || English || Hindi Tamil Malayalam ||
|-
| [[Gargoyles (TV series)|''Gargoyles'']] || Unknown || US || 10/24/1994-2/15/1997 || ???? || English || Bengali ||
|-
| ''[[Goof Troop]]'' || Unknown || US || 9/5/1992-5/1993 || ???? || English || Tamil Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[He-Man and the Masters of the Universe]]'' || Unknown || US || 9/5/1983- 21 November 1985 || ???? || English || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[Hot Wheels Battle Force 5]]'' || Unknown || US Canada ||8/28/2009- 16 July 2011 || 4/30/2010-Late 2011 || English || Hindi || Aired on [[Cartoon Network (India)|Cartoon Network India]].
|-
| ''[[Jackie Chan Adventures]]'' || Unknown || US || 9/9/2000- 7/8/2005 || ???? || English || Hindi || Aired on [[Cartoon Network (India)|Cartoon Network India]]. On 22 June 2014, the series returned to [[Hungama TV]], containing a new Hindi dub and a new voice cast. A new translation by UTV Software Communications was created due to license rights and Cartoon Network and Hungama TV being rival studios. Additionally, Disney (the owner of the channel since 2011) was unable to use the original Hindi dub.
|-
| ''[[Johnny Bravo]]'' || Unknown || US || 14 July 1997 – 27 August 2004 || 8/22/1999-???? || English || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[Johnny Test]]'' || Unknown || US (Seasons 1–3) Canada (Seasons 4-current) || 9/17/2005- current || ???? || English || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[Martin Mystery]]'' || Unknown || France Canada Italy Japan || 10/3/2003-Current || ???? || French Italian (Dubbed) English (Dubbed) || Hindi Tamil Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Mortal Kombat: Defenders of the Realm]]'' || Unknown || US || 9/21/1996-12/14/1996 || 1998 || English || Bengali ||
|-
| ''[[Oban Star Racers]]'' || Unknown || France Canada Japan || 6/5/2006- 12/11/2006 || ???? || French English Japanese || Hindi Tamil Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Phineas and Ferb]]'' || Unknown || US || 8/17/2007- 6/12/2015 || 6/1/2008- 28 June 2015 || English || Bengali ||
|-
| [[Popeye the Sailor (animated cartoons)|''Popeye the Sailor'']] || Unknown || US || 7/14/1933-1957 || ???? || English || Hindi || Aired much later dubbed in Hindi.
|-
| ''[[Popeye the Sailor (1960s TV series)]]'' || Unknown || US || 1960–1962 || ???? || English || Hindi || Aired much later dubbed in Hindi.
|-
| ''[[Samurai Jack]]'' || Unknown || US || 8/10/2001- 25 September 2004 || 11/30/2001- 2005 || English || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[Special Agent Oso]]'' || Unknown || US UK Canada New Zealand Australia Mexico [[Peru]] [[Argentina]] [[South Korea]] Japan || 4/4/2009-5/17/2012 || ???? || English Spanish || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[Storm Hawks]]'' || Unknown || Canada || 5/27/2007-4/6/2009 || ???? || English || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[SWAT Kats: The Radical Squadron]]'' || Unknown || US || 9/11/1993-8/9/1995 || 1/4/1999-2000 || English || Hindi || Aired on [[Cartoon Network (India)|Cartoon Network India]] dubbed into Hindi on 4 January 1999, which was the day when the channel started providing content in the Hindi-dubbed format.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icmrindia.org/free%20resources/casestudies/Cartoon%20Network-Business%20Strategy%20Case.htm |title=Cartoon Network – The Indian Experience – Case Studies |publisher=icmrindia.org |date=n.d.|access-date=10 May 2014}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2003 TV series)]]'' || Unknown || US [[South Korea]] Japan || 2/8/2003- 28 February 2009 || ???? || English || Hindi || Aired on [[Cartoon Network (India)|Cartoon Network India]].
|-
| ''[[The Adventures of Tintin]]'' || Unknown || France Canada || 10/2/1991-9/28/1992 || Summer 2000–2001 || French English || Hindi || On Republic Day 2013, A second Hindi dub was produced for this series, most likely due to license rights.
|-
| ''[[The Flintstones]]'' || Unknown || US || 9/30/1960- 4/1/1966 || 1/4/1999-2006 || English || Hindi || rowspan="3"|Aired on [[Cartoon Network (India)|Cartoon Network India]] in Hindi on 4 January 1999.
|-
| ''[[The Jetsons]]'' || Unknown || US || 9/23/1962- 17 March 1963 (first run) 9/16/1985- 11/12/1987 (second run) || 1/4/1999-2004 || English || Hindi
|-
| ''[[The Mask: Animated Series]]'' || Unknown || US || 8/12/1995-8/30/1997 || 1/4/1999-2001 || English || Hindi
|-
| ''[[The Powerpuff Girls]]'' || Unknown || US || 11/18/1998-3/25/2005 || ???? || English || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest]]'' || Unknown || US || 8/26/1996-9/24/1999 || ???? || English || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[The Save-Ums!]]'' || Unknown || Canada || 3/11/2003-7/11/2006 || ???? || English || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[The Sylvester & Tweety Mysteries]]'' || Unknown || US || 9/9/1995- 18 December 2002 || ???? || English || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[The Tom & Jerry Kids Show]]'' || Unknown || US || 9/8/1990-11/27/1994 || ???? || English || Bengali ||
|-
| [[Teen Titans (TV series)|''Teen Titans'']] || Unknown || US || 7/19/2003-1/16/2006 || ???? || English || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[We Bare Bears]]'' || Unknown || US || 7/27/2015-5/27/2019 || 11/29/2015-Current || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Bakugan Battle Brawlers]]'' || Unknown || Japan || 4/5/2007- 20 March 2008 || 2009–2010 || Japanese || Hindi || The Indian version was brought by Jibi George and created by [[Nelvana]], [[Allspark]], and [[Spin Master]].
|-| [[Beyblade (manga)|Beyblade]] || Unknown || Japan || 1/8/2001- 24 December 2001 || 6/3/2005- 2006 || Japanese || Hindi || The Hindi dub of this series is based on the [[Nelvana]]-[[Hasbro Studios]] English dub, thus being a revised translation and this series was aired by [[Cartoon Network India]]
|-
| [[Beyblade (manga)|''Beyblade'']] || Unknown || Japan || 1/8/2001- 24 December 2001 || 6/3/2005-2006 || Japanese || Hindi || The Hindi dub of this series is based on the [[Nelvana]]-[[Hasbro Studios]] English dub, thus being a revised translation, Aired on [[Cartoon Network India]]
|-
| [[Beyblade (manga)|''Beyblade V-Force'']] || Unknown || Japan || 1/7/2002- 24 December 2001 || 2006–2007 || Japanese || Hindi || Aired on [[Cartoon Network India]]
|-
| [[Beyblade (manga)|''Beyblade G-Revolution'']] || Unknown || Japan || 1/6/2003- 29 December 2003 || 2007–2008 || Japanese || Hindi || Aired on [[Cartoon Network India]]
|-
| ''[[Beyblade: Metal Fusion]]'' || Unknown || Japan || 4/4/2009- 28 March 2010 || 11 October 2010 – July 2011 || Japanese || Hindi || Aired on [[Cartoon Network (India)|Cartoon Network India]]
|-
| ''[[Beyblade: Metal Masters]]'' || Unknown || Japan || 4/4/2010- 27 March 2011 || 22 October 2011 – July 2012 || Japanese|| Hindi || Aired on [[Cartoon Network (India)|Cartoon Network India]]
|-
| ''[[Beyblade: Metal Fury]]'' || Unknown || Japan || 4/10/2011- 4/1/2012 || 27/10/2013- 16 March 2014 || Japanese || Hindi || Aired on [[Cartoon Network (India)|Cartoon Network India]]
|-
| [[Deltora Quest (TV series)|''Deltora Quest'']] || Unknown || Japan || 1/9/2007- 29 March 2008 || Late 2010–2012 || Japanese || Hindi || Hindi dub aired on [[Cartoon Network (Pakistan)|Cartoon Network]] in Pakistan.
|-
| ''[[ReLIFE]]''|| Unknown || Japan || 2/7/2016- 21/3/2018 || 2/3/2023-Ongoing || Japanese || Hindi || Hindi dub aired on [[Crunchyroll]].
|-
| [[Digimon Adventure (1999 TV series)|''Digimon Adventure'']] || Unknown || Japan || 3/7/1999- 26 March 2000 || 2003–2004 || Japanese || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[Digimon Adventure 02]]'' || Unknown || Japan || 4/2/2000- 25 March 2001 || 2005–2006 || Japanese || Hindi
|-
| ''[[Digimon Tamers]]'' || Unknown || Japan || 4/1/2001- 31 March 2002 || 2006–2007 || Japanese || Hindi
|-
| ''[[Digimon Frontier]]'' || Unknown || Japan || 4/7/2002- 30 March 2003 || ???? || Japanese || Hindi
|-
| ''[[Digimon Savers]]'' || Unknown || Japan || 4/2/2006- 25 March 2007 || 8/2010-2011 || Japanese || Hindi || Broadcast under the name: '''Digimon Data Squad''' in India and aired on [[Cartoon Network India]]. This was the last season dubbed by this studio and aired on this station, until [[Hungama TV]] got the rights to air the next season, [[Digimon Xros Wars]]. Due to Cartoon Network and Hungama Tv being rival studios, a different dubbing studio ([[UTV Software Communications]]) had to be involved to dub the next season in-house. it aired on 10 December 2012 (They have also included the English dub by William Winckler Productions).
|-
| ''[[Dinosaur King]]'' || Unknown || Japan || 2/4/2007- 27 January 2008 || 2012–Current || Japanese || Hindi || The Hindi dub of the series was based on the [[4Kids Entertainment]] English dub, being a revised translation.
|-
| [[Dragon Ball (TV series)|''Dragon Ball'']] || Unknown || Japan || 26 February 1986 -4/12/1989 || || Japanese || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[Dragon Ball Z]]'' || Unknown || Japan || 4/26/1989- 31 January 1996 || 2001–2008 || Japanese || Hindi || The Hindi dub of the series was based on the edited [[Funimation Entertainment]]-[[Saban Entertainment]]-[[Ocean Productions]] English dub, being a revised translation.
|-
| ''[[Naruto]]''|| Unknown || Japan || 10/3/2002- 2/8/2007 || 2008 || Japanese || Hindi ||
|-
| [[Pokémon (anime)|''Pokémon'']] || Subrato Ghosh || Japan || 4/1/1997- Current || 5/12/2003- 10/2013 (India) 2004–2013 (Pakistan) || Japanese || Hindi Tamil Telugu (2011–Current) || The First 8 seasons of the Hindi dub was based on the [[4Kids Entertainment]] English dub. The later seasons were also revised translations of the English dub. Originally aired on [[Cartoon Network (India)|Cartoon Network]] in India in 2011. Later, the show received Tamil and Telugu dubs for the later seasons, when the anime moved to [[Pogo (TV channel)|Pogo]]. In Pakistan however, it has aired on [[Cartoon Network (Pakistan)|Cartoon Network]] since 2004. [[Crest Animation Studios]] originally dubbed the first four seasons until Sound and Video India got the rights to dub it until late 2013. On 19 May 2014, The Indigo League season begun to air on [[Hungama TV]], containing a new Hindi dub, a new voice cast, and a new translation by [[UTV Software Communications]], due to license rights and because Cartoon Network and Hungama TV are rival channels. It is also because Disney (the owner of the channel since 2011) could not afford to use the original dub. Both Hindi dubs are revised translations of their English adaptation counterparts.
|-
| ''[[Powerpuff Girls Z]]'' || Unknown || Japan || 7/1/2006- 30 June 2007 || Unknown || Japanese || Hindi || Aired on [[Cartoon Network (India)|Cartoon Network]].
|-
| [[The Flying House (TV series)|''The Flying House'']] || Unknown || Japan || 4/5/1982- 28 March 1983 || Unknown || Japanese || Oriya ||
|}

===Live action television series===
{| class=wikitable
|-
! Title !! Dubbing Director !! Country of origin !! Original airdate !! Dubbed airdate !! Original language !! Dub language(s) !! Notes
|-
|''[[Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap]]'' || Unknown || [[India]] || colspan="2" style="text-align:center"|5/27/2013- 12/10/2015 || colspan="2" style="text-align:center"|Hindi || Some actors couldn't properly speak their lines, due to temporary health issues. voice actors were called in to dub the dialogues of these actors during post-production via [[Automated dialogue replacement|ADR]], even though this TV series was already shot in Hindi.
|-
|''[[Boy Meets World]]'' || Unknown || US || 9/24/1993- 5 May 2000 || Unknown || English || Hindi ||
|-
|[[Conan the Adventurer (1997 TV series)|''Conan the Adventurer'']] || Unknown || US || 9/22/1997-5/25/1998 || Unknown || English || Hindi ||
|-
|''[[Earth: Final Conflict]]'' || Unknown || Canada || 10/6/1997-5/20/2002 || Unknown || English || Bengali ||
|-
|''[[Kamen Rider: Dragon Knight]]'' || Unknown || US Japan || 1/3/2009- 26 December 2009 || 1/8/2010- 10/8/2010 || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || Aired on [[Cartoon Network (India)|Cartoon Network]]. Based on Japanese [[Tokusatsu]], [[Kamen Rider Ryuki]]. All 40 episodes were dubbed in the three listed languages and were broadcast on the network.
|-
|[[Heldi (1978 TV series)|''Heldi'']] || Unknown || Germany [[Switzerland]] Australia || 9/13/1978- ???? || Unknown || German || Hindi Marathi Gujarati ||
|-
|''[[Here Comes Honey Boo Boo]]'' || Unknown || US || 8/8/2012- 14 August 2014 || 1/17/2014-current || English || Hindi || Reality TV series.
|-
|[[The Jewel in the Crown (TV series)|''The Jewel in the Crown'']] || Unknown || UK || 1/9/1984-4/3/1984 || Unknown || English || Bengali ||
|-
|''[[LazyTown]]''|| Unknown || [[Iceland]] US UK || 8/16/2004-current || Unknown || English || Hindi ||
|-
|''[[Life with Derek]]'' || Unknown || Canada || 9/18/2005- 25 March 2009 || Unknown || English || Hindi || Aired on [[Disney Channel (India)|Disney Channel India]].
|-
|''[[Mighty Morphin Power Rangers]]'' || Unknown || US Japan || 8/28/1993- 27 November 1995 || Unknown || English || Hindi || Based on Japanese [[Tokusatsu]], [[Kyōryū Sentai Zyuranger]].
|-
|''[[Mortified]]''|| Unknown || Australia || 6/20/2006- 4/11/2007 || 2007–2008 || English || Hindi ||
|-
|''[[Power Rangers: Mystic Force]]'' || Unknown || US Japan || 2/20/2006- 13 November 2006 || 10/2/2006- 5/7/2007 || English || Hindi || Based on Japanese [[Tokusatsu]], [[Mahou Sentai Magiranger]].
|-
|''[[Power Rangers RPM]]'' || Unknown || US Japan || 3/7/2009- 26 December 2009 || Unknown || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || Based on Japanese [[Tokusatsu]], [[Engine Sentai Go-onger]].
|-
|''[[Power Rangers S.P.D.]]'' || Unknown || US Japan || 2/5/2005- 14 November 2005 || Unknown || English || Hindi Tamil Telugu || Based on Japanese [[Tokusatsu]], [[Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger]].
|-
|''[[Spellbinder: Land of the Dragon Lord]]'' || Unknown || Australia China [[Poland]] || 9/1/1997-10/24/1997 || Unknown || English || Bengali ||
|-
|''[[Team Knight Rider]]'' || Unknown || US || 10/6/1997-5/18/1998 || Unknown || English || Bengali ||
|-
|''[[The Jerry Springer Show]]'' || Unknown || US || 9/20/1991-Current || 1/2012-6/2013 || English || Punjabi || Aired on [[BIG CBS Spark]] Punjabi as "Jerry Di Adalat." (Punjabi: '''ਜੇਰ੍ਰੀ ਦੀ ਅਦਾਲਤ''') It officially premiered over 20 years after the original U.S. airdate.
|-
| ''[[The Mystic Knights of Tir Na Nog]]'' || Unknown || US Ireland || 9/7/1998- 5/7/1999 || 2006 || English || Hindi ||
|-
|''[[The Three Stooges]]'' || Unknown || US || 5/5/1934-2/5/1970 || Unknown || English || Bengali ||
|-
|''[[Ultraman]]''|| Unknown || Japan || 7/17/1966- 4/9/1967 || Unknown || Japanese || Hindi Marathi Gujarati Bengali || [[Tokusatsu]] series.
|-
|''[[Wizards of Waverly Place]]'' || Unknown || US || 10/12/2007- 1/6/2012 || 5/5/2008-2012 || English || Hindi || Aired on [[Disney Channel (India)|Disney Channel India]].
|-
|''[[Xena: Warrior Princess]]'' || Unknown || US New Zealand || 9/4/1995-6/18/2001 || Unknown || English || Bengali ||
|}

==Clients==
The following are some of the company's clients:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.soundandvisionindia.in/extended_family.html |title=Sound & Vision India |access-date=24 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120912055556/http://www.soundandvisionindia.in/extended_family.html |archive-date=12 September 2012 }}</ref>

List of clients that this dubbing studio is partners with:
* [[Ashutosh Gowariker Production]]
* [[Yash Raj Films]]
* [[ETV Network]]
* [[Cartoon Network (India)|Cartoon Network India]]
* [[Cartoon Network (Pakistan)|Cartoon Network Pakistan]]
* [[Pogo (TV channel)|Pogo]]
* [[Toonami (Asia)|Toonami Asia]]
* [[PVR Cinemas]]
* [[Crunchyroll]]
* [[Film Kraft]]
* [[Sagar Arts]]
* [[Universal Studios Inc.]]
* [[Universal Animation Studios]]
* [[Warner Bros. Pictures]]
* [[Warner Bros. Animation]]
* [[New Line Cinema]]
* [[MVP Entertainment]]
* [[PVR Pictures]]
* [[Star India]]
* [[Star TV Network]]
* [[Sony Entertainment Television (India)|Sony Entertainment Television India]]
* [[Zee TV]]
* [[Columbia Pictures]]
* [[Tristar Pictures]]
* [[Buena Vista International]]
* [[Sony Pictures Networks India]]
* [[BBC World Service]]
* [[Sony Pictures Entertainment]]
* [[Sony Pictures Television International]]
* [[Walt Disney Studios (division)|Walt Disney Studios]]
* [[20th Century Studios]]
* [[UTV Software Communications]]
* [[Fox Star Studios]]
* [[DQ Entertainment]]
* [[DreamWorks Pictures]]
* [[DreamWorks Animation]]
* [[Paramount Pictures]]
* [[Multivision Multimedia]]
* [[Metro Goldwyn Mayer]]
* [[Nickelodeon (India)|Nickelodeon India]]
* [[Nickelodeon (Pakistan)|Nickelodeon Pakistan]]
* [[Sonic-Nickelodeon]]
* [[Viacom 18]]
* [[Netflix]]
* [[Filmkraft Productions Pvt. Ltd]]
* [[PVR Cinemas]]

==List of voice actors==
This is a list of voice actors that are currently{{when|date=January 2019}} employed for this dubbing studio and/or have contributed to films being dubbed by this studio, and the language that they use. Both Male artists and Female voice actors are listed.

{{Expand section|date=December 2014}}

===Male voice actors===
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
|-
! Name !! Birthdate !! Birthplace !! Languages spoken !! Notes
|-
| [[Abbas R. Khandwawala]] || 6 May 1995 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Abhishek Bakshi]] || 16 October 1992 || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Abhishek Mahajan]] || || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Abhishek Singh (actor)|Abhishek Singh]] || || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| Aditya Raj || 27 June || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Aditya Raj Sharma]] || || India || English Hindi Punjabi ||
|-
| [[Aditya Rai]] || 19 July 2005 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Aditya Roy Kapur]] || 16 November 1985 || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| Aekansh Vats || 12 February 1993 || Mumbai, India || English French Hindi Tamil Punjabi ||
|-
| [[Ajit Jagtap]] || || India || Hindi ||
|-
| [[Akshay Kumar]] || 9 September 1967 || Amritsar, Punjab, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| Amar Babaria || 10 May 1975 || Mumbai, India || Hindi ||
|-
| [[Amit Diondyi]] || 28 June 1985 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Amit Wadhwa]] || || Mumbai, India || English Hindi Punjabi Urdu ||
|-
| [[Analesh Desai]] || 19 November 1986 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi Marathi ||
|-
| [[Anil Datt]] || || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Anil Mani]] || || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Anil Nagrath]] || 18 March 1954 || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Anil Saxena]] || || Maharashtra, Mumbai, India || Hindi ||
|-
| Ankur Javeri || || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Ankur Sharma (actor)|Ankur Sharma]] || 17 July 1982 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Ankush Baruah]] || 14 May 1989 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Anup Shukla (voice actor)|Anup Shukla]] || 25 December 1969 || India || English Hindi || TV Actor and anchor.
|-
| [[Anuraag Sharrma]] || 19 July 1959 || India || English Hindi Punjabi Bengali Oriya ||
|-
| [[Ashar Sheikh]] || || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Ashish Bhatia]] || 17 June 1982 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Atul Kapoor]] || 28 December 1966 || Mumbai, Maharashtra, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Atul Kulkarni (actor born 1989)|Atul Kulkarni]] || 11 November 1989 || Mumbai, Maharashtra, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Ashutosh Lobo Gajiwala]] || 17 May 1993 || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Baldev Trehan]] || 22 April 1933 || Bhayandar West, Mumbai, India || English Hindi || Actor and dubbing artist.
|-
| [[Balvinder Kaur]] || Unknown || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Barun Sobti]] || 21 August 1984 || Maharashtra, Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Benny Matthews]] || 27 August || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Bhanu (actor)|Bhanu]] || || India || Telugu ||
|-
| [[Bharat Bhatia]] || || India || Hindi ||
|-
| [[Brij Bjushan Sahaney]] || || Andheri West, Mumbai || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Chand Dhar]] || || India || Hindi ||
|-
| [[Chander Mohan Khanna]] || 27 January 1952 || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Chetanya Adib]] || 10 November 1971 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Damandeep Singh Baggan]] || 8 June 1977 || Patiala, Punjab India || English Hindi Urdu ||
|-
| [[Debashish Ghosh]] || || Mumbai, India || Hindi ||
|-
| [[Deepak Khushalani]] || 18 July 1990 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi Marathi ||
|-
| [[Deepak Sinha]] || 1 September 1958 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Devarsh Thakur]] || 10 October 1992 || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| Dilip Sinha || 1951 || [[Patna]], Bihar, India || Hindi Bhojpuri ||
|-
| [[Dinesh Kaushik]] || 27 May 1957 || [[Bathinda]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India || English Hindi Punjabi ||
|-
| [[Feroz Khan (actor, born 1939)|Feroz Khan]] † || 25 September 1939 – 27 April 2009 || Karnataka, India || English Hindi Urdu ||
|-
| [[Firoz Chowdary]] || || India || English Hindi Urdu ||
|-
| [[Gippy Grewal]] || 2 January 1983 || Kum Kalan, [[Ludhiana]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India || English Punjabi || Indian actor and singer, known for his Punjabi songs.
|-
| [[Girish Tejwani]] || 14 April 1985 || Pune, India || English Hindi Punjabi ||
|-
| [[Gurmeet Singh Bedi]] || 15 August 1964 || Mumbai, Maharashtra, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Harshad Rane]] || 25 September 1989 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Harsh Pawar]] || || Mumbai, Maharashtra, India || Hindi ||
|-
| [[Hitesh Sharda]] || || Mumbai, Maharashtra, India || Hindi ||
|-
| [[Jeetendra Dasadia]] || ||Mumbai, Maharashtra, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[K. Sabarinathan]] || || Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India || Tamil ||
|-
| [[Kabir Bedi]] || 16 January 1946 || Punjab, India || English Hindi Punjabi ||
|-
| [[Kalpesh Parekh]] || || Mumbai, India || Hindi ||
|-
| [[Kamal Singh (actor)|Kamal Singh]] || 7 December 1975 || Mumbai, Maharashtra, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Kamat Krishnakumar]] || 27 August 1938 || Mumbai, Maharashtra, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Kapil Sharma (actor born 1981)|Kapil Sharma]] || 2 April 1981 || Maharashtra, Mumbai, India || English Hindi || Not to be confused with the [[Kapil Sharma (actor born 1979)|Indian actor born in 1979.]]
|-
| [[Karan Somyani]] || 15 November 1989 || Maharashtra, Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]] || 13 September 1960 || [[Chennai]], Tamil Nadu, [[India]] || Tamil Telugu ||
|-
| [[Kashyap Parulekar]] || 23 September 1983 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| Kishore Bhatt || 2 March 1951 || Mumbai, India || Hindi ||
|-
| Kumar Pravesh || || Mumbai, India || Hindi ||
|-
| [[Kunal Pandit]] || || Mumbai, India || Hindi ||
|-
| [[M. Mythili Kiran]] || || India || Telugu ||
|-
| [[Mandar Chandwadkar]] || 27 July 1976 || India || Hindi Urdu Marathi ||
|-
| [[Manish Wadhwa]] || 23 April 1972 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| Manoj Pandey || 16 December 1967 || [[Varanasi]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India || English Hindi Punjabi Urdu Oriya ||
|-
| Mayur Suvarna || 11 February 1977 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi Marathi ||
|-
| [[Mayur Vyas]] || {{circa|1973–1974}} || [[Mumbai]], India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Mickey Dhamejani]] || 3 October 1992 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Mohan Kapoor]] || 27 October 1965 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| Mukesh Kumar || 1 August 1985 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Nachiket Dighe]] || 11 November 1987 || [[Mumbai]], India || English Hindi Marathi ||
|-
| [[Nandkishore Bhat]] || || Bengaluru Area, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Nikhil Kapoor]] || || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Ninad Kamat]] || 30 November || Mumbai, India || Hindi ||
|-
| [[Nirupama Karthik]] || || Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India || Hindi ||
|-
| [[Nishant Kumar (actor)|Nishant Kumar]] || 30 June 1988 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Nitesh Haralkar]] || 15 November 1973 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Pankaj Kalra]] || Unknown || Mumbai, India || English Hindi || He also contributed to Hindi dubs of foreign media by Sugar Mediaz. Brother of Pawan Kalra.
|-
| [[Paresh Mohinani]] || 3 May 1994 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi Punjabi ||
|-
| [[Parminder Ghumman]] || Unknown || Jalandhar, Punjab, India || English Hindi Punjabi Urdu Orya ||
|-
| [[Partap Sharma (actor)|Partap Sharma]] || Unknown || India || English Hindi || Not to be confused with the [[Partap Sharma|deceased writer of the same name]].
|-
| [[Pathy Aiyar]] || Unknown || India || English Tamil ||
|-
| [[Pawan Kalra]] || 1 November 1972 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi || He also contributed to Hindi dubs of foreign media by Sugar Mediaz. Brother of Pankaj Kalra.
|-
| [[Pawan Khanna]] || || Mumbai, India || Hindi ||
|-
| Pawan Shukla || || Santa cruz West, Hubli, India || Hindi ||
|-
| [[Peter Leo]] || || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Prasad Barve]] || 10 April 1981 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi Marathi ||
|-
| [[Prasad Phanse]] || || Mumbai, India || English Hindi Marathi ||
|-
| [[Preeti Nayar]] || || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Rahul Mulani]] || || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Rahul Nayer]] || || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Rahul Seth]] || 29 October 1977 || Lucknow, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Rahul Sharma (actor)|Rahul Sharma]] || 24 November 1986 || [[Dausa]], Rajasthan, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Raj Joshi]] || || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Rajat Sinha]] || || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Rajesh Gupta]] || || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Rajesh Jolly]] || 20 August 1960 || India || English Hindi Punjabi ||
|-
| [[Rajesh Khattar]] || 24 September 1966 || [[Darjeeling]], West Bengal, [[India]] || English Hindi Urdu Punjabi
|-
| [[Rajesh Khera]] || 26 October 1968 || India || Hindi ||
|-
| [[Raju Shrestha]] || 15 August 1966 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Rakesh Hans]] || 5 July 1967 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Ramesh Bansal]] || || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Ramesh Tiwari]] || || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Ramkiran Chopra]] || 27 June 1975 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi Punjabi ||
|-
| [[Ranvir Shorey]] || 18 August 1972 || Jalandhar, Punjab, India || English Hindi Urdu ||
|-
| [[Romy Singh]] || || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Saahil Chadha]] || 29 November 1967 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Sabari (actor)|Sabari]] || || Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India || Tamil ||
|-
| [[Sahil Vaid]] || 24 September || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Saket Khatri]] || 11 October 1979 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Samay Raj Thakkar]] || 21 October 1966 || [[Mumbai]], India || Hindi ||
|-
| [[Sameep Nanda]] || || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Sanjay Keni]] || || Maharashtra, Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Sanjay Shukla]] || || Maharashtra, Mumbai, India || English Hindi Marathi ||
|-
| [[Sanjeev Tiwari]] || || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Sandeep Karnik]] || || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| Sanket Mhatre|| || Mumbai, Aditya Hitkari, India || English Hindi Urdu ||
|-
| [[Sardara Singh Randhawa]] || 28 August 1933 || [[Patna]], Bihar, India || English Hindi Bhojpuri ||
|-
| [[Satish Sharma (actor)|Satish Sharma]] || 10 October 1972 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Saumya Daan]] || 2 March 1982 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi Marathi Bengali ||
|-
| Shailendra Pandey || || Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India || English Hindi Punjabi ||
|-
| [[Shakti Singh (actor)|Shakti Singh]] || 9 October 1955 || India || Hindi ||
|-
| [[Shanu Dev]] || 28 October || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Sharad Kelkar]] || 7 October 1976 || Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| Shubhraj Bhat || 29 July 1991 || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Shyam (voice actor)|Shyam]] || || India || Tamil ||
|-
| [[Siddhanth Rao]] || 3 May 2005 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Sonu Nigam]] || 30 July 1973 || Faridabad, Haryana, India || Hindi Kannada ||
|-
| Srinivas Rao || Unknown || India || English Hindi Telugu ||
|-
| [[Subrato Ghosh]] || 13 June 1986 || India || English Hindi || Served as a director for some Hindi-dubbed foreign films for this studio from 2002 until 2012.
|-
| [[Sumeet Pathak]] || 13 May 1972 || Deli, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Sunil Jha]] || 4 July 1989 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi Punjabi ||
|-
| [[Suresh Oberoi]] || 17 December 1946 || [[Quetta]], [[Pakistan]] || English Hindi Urdu ||
|-
| [[Tej Pawar]] || 3 June 1993 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Triloksingh Danu]] || 1 August 1993 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Trilok Kapoor]] || || Mumbai, India || Hindi ||
|-
| [[Tirthankar Mitra]] || 1993 || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Uday Sabnis]] || 7 June 1959 || Thane, Maharashtra, India || English Hindi Marathi ||
|-
| [[Umesh G. Chodankar]] || || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Uplaksh Kochhar]] || 31 December 1991 || India || English Hindi Punjabi ||
|-
| [[Vad Aditya Raj]] || || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Vaibhav Thakkar]] || 8 May 1997 || Maharashtra, Mumbai, India || English Hindi || Son of [[Samay Raj Thakkar]], who's also a voice actor.
|-
| [[Varun K. Toorkey]] || 8 January 1990 || Mumbai, Maharashtra, India || English Hindi Marathi ||
|-
| [[Sridevi Vijaykumar|Vijaykumar]] || 15 January 1966 || India || English Hindi Tamil ||
|-
| [[Vikas Khailani]] || 29 September 1991 || Delhi, Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Vikas Kumar]] || 14 April 1981 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Vikram Suri]] || 29 September 1989 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Vikrant Chaturvedi]] || 1 August 1970 || [[Allahabad]], India || Hindi ||
|-
| [[Vinay Pathak]] || 12 July 1968 || Dhanbad, Bihar, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Vinitha Sanjeev]] || Unknown || India || English Hindi Tamil ||
|-
| [[Vinod Kulkarni]] || 29 August 1967 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi Marathi ||
|-
| [[Vinod Kumar Kumawat]] || 16 April 1979 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Vipul Bhatt]] || || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Vipul Roy]] || 30 August 1984 || India || English Hindi Punjabi Haryanvi ||
|-
| Viraj Adhav || 2 November || India || Hindi ||
|-
| [[Vivek Oberoi]] || 3 September 1976 || Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India || English Hindi Tamil Telugu ||
|-
| [[Vrajesh Hirjee]] || 16 June 1971 || London, England || English Hindi Gujarati ||
|-
| [[Yash Narvekar]] || 1 September 1984 || [[Mumbai]], India || English Hindi ||
|-
| Yatin Mehta || 12 April 1994 || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Yogeshwaran Raghavan]] || || India || English Hindi Tamil ||
|-
| Yudhvir Dahiya || 26 August 1983 || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Zarina Saman]] || || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Zia Ahmed (actor)|Zia Ahmed]] || || India || English Hindi Urdu Bengali || Not to be confused with the [[Zia Ahmed (cricketer)|cricketer of the same name]].
|-
|}

===Female voice actors===
{{Expand section|date=December 2014}}

{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
|-
! Name !! Birthdate !! Birthplace !! Languages spoken !! Notes
|-
| [[Aditi Thirani]] || Unknown || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Aishwarya Tupe]] || 2 August 1999 || Pune, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Ami Trivedi]] || 15 July 1982 || Mumbai, Maharashtra, India || Hindi Gujarati ||
|-
| [[Anagha Abhay Deo]] || 1 April 1970 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Anjali Tiwari]] || 25 July 1979 || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Anju Jamwal]] || || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Asha Negi]] || 23 August 1990 || Dehradun, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Balwinder Kaur]] || || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Barbie Ananya]] || 12 December 1997 || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Beena Chohan]] || 20 November 1951 || Gujarat, India || Hindi Punjabi Marathi Gujarati ||
|-
| [[Bhoomi Khona]] || 16 April 2006 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Debashmita Datta]] || 27 November 1989 || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Deepika Joshi-Shah]] † || 1976-27 January 2012 || Ajmer, Rajasthan, India || Hindi Kannada Marathi || Deepika has died from a car crash in Kuwait.
|-
| [[Devi Negi]] || || India || Hindi ||
|-
| [[Diksha Thakur]] || 26 December 1987 || India || English Hindi Marathi ||
|-
| [[Gayatri Patil]] || 10 January 2000 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| Geeta Khanna || 20 December 1951 || Mumbai, India || Hindi ||
|-
| [[Hansika Motwani]] || 9 August 1991 || Mumbai, Maharashtra, India || Hindi Tamil Telugu Kannada ||
|-
| [[Isha Dube]] || 4 December 2001 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Isha Talwar]] || 22 December 1987 || Mumbai, Maharashtra, India || English Hindi Malayalam ||
|-
| [[Kavita Vaid]] || 20 August 1969 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Kavitha Srinivasan]] || Unknown || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| Kumud Bappal ||22 May 1985 || Andheri, West Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Leela Roy Ghosh]] † || 3 February 1948 – 11 May 2012 || Mumbai, India || Hindi Bengali English Marathi Urdu || Also the founder and former president of this studio. She died on 11 May 2012.
|-
| [[Lovleen Mishra]] || 21 June 1967 || Punjab, India || English Hindi Punjabi ||
|-
| [[Malavika Shivpuri]] || || India || Hindi ||
|-
| [[Manini De]] || || India || Hindi ||
|-
| [[Meena Nahta]] || || Kher West, Mumbai, India || Hindi ||
|-
| [[Meghana Erande]] || 24 April 1981 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi Marathi ||
|-
| [[Menaka Lalwani]] || 13 November 1979 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Mona Ghosh Shetty]] || 22 April 1978 || Mumbai, India || Hindi Bengali English Marathi Urdu || Daughter of Leela Roy Ghosh, and current president of this studio.
|-
| [[Monica Khanna]] || 7 August 1986 || Maharashtra, Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Munisha Rajpal]] || 1975 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi || Dubbing foreign films and writing scripts for Hindi dub translations of foreign films. Including scripts for Hindi dubs of Hollywood films.
|-
| [[Nameeta Dessai]] || 28 June 1981 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| Namrata Sawhney || || Mumbai, India || English Hindi || She also contributed to Hindi dubs of foreign media by Sugar Mediaz.
|-
| [[Nandini Issar]] || 11 January || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Nandini Sharma]] || || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Neerja Chittaranjan]] || || Mumbai, India || English Hindi || Worked as a translator for foreign films such as [[Puss in Boots (2011 film)|Puss in Boots]].
|-
| [[Neethu Danani]] || || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Neshma Chemburkar]] || 14 July 1976 || India || English Hindi || Sometimes known as '''Neshma Mantri.'''
|-
| [[Neetu Pipari]] || || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Nikita Tailor]] || 4 August 1999 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Ovi Dixit]] || 9 August 1999 || Pune, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Padma D]] || || Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India || English Hindi Tamil Telugu Kannada Punjabi ||
|-
| [[Parignya Pandya Shah]] || 9 November 1985 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| Pinky Rajput || 20 January 1969 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi || She also contributed to Hindi dubs of foreign media by Visual Reality.
|-
| Pooja Punjabi || || India || English Hindi Punjabi Urdu ||
|-
| [[Prachi Chaube]] || || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Prachi Save Saathi]] || 21 March 1982 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Pratibha Tiku Sharma]] || 28 May || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Princy Gupta]] || || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Priti Jeevan Kathpal]] || 20 December 1989 || India || Hindi ||
|-
| Priya Adivarekar || 19 April 1992 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi Marathi ||
|-
| [[Priyanka Misra]] || 15 July 1982 || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Rakhee Sharma]] || || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| Reema Debnath || 13 November 1979 || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Reema Kadchhud]] || 2 January 1991 || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Renu Sharda]] || 11 April 1982 || Mumbai, India || Hindi ||
|-
| [[Richa Pallod]] || 30 August 1980 || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Saloni Gupta]] || 30 November 1979 || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Samriddhi Shukla]] || || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Sangeetha Aanand]] || || India || English Tamil ||
|-
| [[Sayuri Haralkar]] || 11 December 2001 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Seema Mason]] || || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Seuli Sridhar]] || || India || English Bengali ||
|-
| Shagufta Baig || 3 April 1988 || Thane, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India || English Hindi Urdu ||
|-
| [[Shalini Kewalramani]] || Unknown || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Shrenu Harishbhai Parikh]] || 11 November 1989 || Mumbai, India || Hindi ||
|-
| [[Shikha Tiwari]] || 21 February 1989 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Shobhini Singh]] || || Mumbai, India || Hindi ||
|-
| [[Shruti Kapdi]] || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Shruti Misra]] || || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Sonakshi Sinha]] || 2 June 1987 || Patna, Bihar, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Sri Lakshmi (actor)|Sri Lakshmi]] || || India || Telugu ||
|-
| [[Sunidhi Chauhan]] || 14 August 1983 || New Delhi, India || English Hindi Tamil Telugu Kannada Punjabi Marathi Bhojpuri Gujarati Bengali Assamese ||
|-
| [[Sunita Pandey]] || 4 October 1992 || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Surabhi Anand]] || || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Surabhi Zaveri]] || || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Swapnil Samella]] || || India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Tanuja Mehta]] || || Mumbai, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Tina Parekh]] || || Jaipur Rajasthan, India || Hindi ||
|-
| [[Toshi Sinha]] || 27 December 1978 || Mumbai, Maharashtra, India || English Hindi ||
|-
| [[Urmilla Chatterjee]] || || Mumbai, India || English Hindi Bengali ||
|-
| [[Urvi Ashar]] || 1 May 1987 || Mumbai, India || English Hindi Marathi ||
|-
| [[Vaishali Sharma]] || Unknown || India || English Hindi Marathi ||
|-
| [[Wasna Ahmed]] || 13 August 1989 || [[Kolkata]], India || English Hindi ||
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[Leela Roy Ghosh]] † – The Founder and Former President of the studio, who was also a dubbing artist and dubbing director herself, before her death.
* [[Mona Ghosh Shetty]] – The daughter of Leela, who is now current president of the studio and is also a dubbing artist.
* [[Dubbing (filmmaking)]]
* [[List of Indian dubbing artists]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.soundandvisionindia.in/ Official Website] {{in lang|en}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sound and Vision India}}
[[Category:Indian dubbing studios]]
[[Category:Companies based in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Entertainment companies established in 1992]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1992]]
[[Category:1992 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Ruhani Sharma

2025-12-21T11:15:02Z

StaciWinslow:

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ruhani Sharma
| image =
| caption = Ruhani Sharma in her hometown [[Solan]] wearing traditional [[Himachali cap|Himachali]] attire
| birth_date = {{bda|df=y|1994|9|18}}
| birth_place = [[Solan]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], India
| occupation = {{hlist| Actress, model}}
| years_active = 2013–present
| relatives =
}}

'''Ruhani Sharma''' is an Indian actress and model who primarily works in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] films. She made her acting debut in with the Tamil film ''[[Kadaisi Bench Karthi]]'' (2017) and received praise for her lead role in ''[[Chi La Sow]]'' (2018), marking her Telugu debut.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/chi-la-sow-stars-sushanth-ruhani-sharma-open-up-about-their-upcoming-new-age-romance-drama-4879901.html |title=Chi La Sow stars Sushanth, Ruhani Sharma open up about their upcoming new-age romance drama |date=2 August 2018 |website=Firstpost |language=en |access-date=19 August 2019}}</ref> Sharma then appeared in films like ''[[HIT: The First Case]]'' (2020) and ''[[Nootokka Jillala Andagadu]]'' (2021). In 2019, she made her Malayalam debut with ''[[Kamala (film)|Kamala]].'' She has also appeared in [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] music videos.

==Early life==
Ruhani Sharma was born and brought up in [[Solan]], Himachal Pradesh in a Himachali family. She graduated from [[Panjab University|Panjab University, Chandigarh]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tanmayi |first=Bhawana |title=Ruhani, a bubbly debutant of T'town |url=https://telanganatoday.com/ruhani-a-bubbly-debutant-of-ttown |access-date=1 April 2021 |website=Telangana Today |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Career==
Sharma first appeared in [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] music videos "Theka by Ammy bass""classroom" and "Kudi Tu Pataka" in 2013. In 2018 she made her [[Telugu cinema]] debut in ''[[Chi La Sow]]'', directed by [[Rahul Ravindran]], and her performance was well received and praised.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/chi-la-sow-actress-ruhani-sharma-on-tasting-success/article24614361.ece |title=In 'Chi La Sow', I wasn't just a glamour doll, says Ruhani Sharma |last=Chowdhary |first=Y. Sunita |date=6 August 2018 |work=The Hindu |access-date=19 August 2019 |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=24 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824093445/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/chi-la-sow-actress-ruhani-sharma-on-tasting-success/article24614361.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2019 she made her [[Malayalam]] debut in the thriller film ''[[Kamala (film)|Kamala]]'' written and directed by [[Ranjith Sankar]].

She then appeared in Telugu films ''[[HIT: The First Case]]'' and ''[[Dirty Hari]]'' in 2020 and ''[[Nootokka Jillala Andagadu]]'' in 2021.

She next appeared in the Telugu anthology film ''[[Meet Cute (TV series)|Meet Cute]]''<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/nani-s-meet-cute-anthology-is-in-progress-producer-shares-bts-pics-1837114-2021-08-05|title=Nani's Meet Cute anthology is in progress. Producer shares BTS pics|website=India Today|date=5 August 2021 |access-date=27 December 2022|archive-date=2 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220202143626/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/nani-s-meet-cute-anthology-is-in-progress-producer-shares-bts-pics-1837114-2021-08-05|url-status=live}}</ref> and made her Hindi debut in 2023 film, ''[[Agra (2023 film)|Agra]]''.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/220619/ruhani-sharma-goes-north.html |title=Ruhani Sharma goes North |website=Deccan Chronicle |date=22 June 2019 |access-date=10 January 2020 |archive-date=9 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809072318/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/220619/ruhani-sharma-goes-north.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Filmography ==
===Films===
{{pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" | Language
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{ref heading}}
|-
| 2017
! scope="row"| ''[[Kadaisi Bench Karthi]]''
| Nithya
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/041116/punjabi-model-ruhani-joins-bharath-in-a-film-titled-kadaisi-bench-karthi.html|title=Punjabi model Ruhani joins Bharath in a film titled Kadaisi Bench Karthi|date=4 November 2016 |access-date=1 August 2020|archive-date=5 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205234826/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/amp/entertainment/kollywood/041116/punjabi-model-ruhani-joins-bharath-in-a-film-titled-kadaisi-bench-karthi.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2018
! scope="row"| ''[[Chi La Sow]]''
| Anjali
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/250718/ruhani-sharmas-perfect-launch.html |title=Ruhani Sharma's 'perfect launch' |website=Deccan Chronicle |date=25 July 2018 |access-date=10 January 2020 |archive-date=13 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013220822/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/250718/ruhani-sharmas-perfect-launch.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2019 |title=SIIMA Awards 2019: Here's a complete list of nominees |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/siima-awards-2019-heres-a-complete-list-of-nominees/articleshow/70287216.cms |access-date=10 January 2020 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=1 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801183932/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/siima-awards-2019-heres-a-complete-list-of-nominees/articleshow/70287216.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2019
! scope="row"| ''[[Kamala (film)|Kamala]]''
| Kamala / Nidhi Agasthy
| [[Malayalam]]
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/did-you-know/kamala-girl-ruhani-sharma-was-part-of-a-national-award-winner-movie/articleshow/72305460.cms |title='Kamala' girl Ruhani Sharma was part of a National Award winner movie |website=The Times of India |date=30 November 2019 |access-date=10 January 2020 |archive-date=22 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322012325/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/did-you-know/kamala-girl-ruhani-sharma-was-part-of-a-national-award-winner-movie/articleshow/72305460.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2020
! scope="row"| ''[[HIT: The First Case]]''
| Neha
| rowspan="4" | Telugu
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/nani-second-production-hit-vishwak-sen-ruhani-sharma-6085534/ |title=Nani's second production venture stars Vishwak Sen and Ruhani Sharma |website=The Indian Express |date=24 October 2019 |access-date=11 January 2020 |archive-date=25 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025152819/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/nani-second-production-hit-vishwak-sen-ruhani-sharma-6085534/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/vishwak-sen-and-ruhani-sharmas-next-titled-hit/articleshow/71734748.cms |title=Vishwak Sen and Ruhani Sharma's next titled 'Hit' |website=The Times of India |date=24 October 2019 |access-date=10 January 2020 |archive-date=17 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117073503/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/vishwak-sen-and-ruhani-sharmas-next-titled-hit/articleshow/71734748.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Dirty Hari]]''
| Vasudha
|
|
|-
| 2021
! scope="row"| ''[[Nootokka Jillala Andagadu]]''
| Anjali
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/srinivas-avasarala-and-ruhani-sharma-team-up-for-nootokka-jillala-andagaadu/articleshow/71662036.cms |title=Srinivas Avasarala and Ruhani Sharma team up for 'Nootokka Jillala Andagaadu' |website=The Times of India |date=19 October 2019 |access-date=10 January 2020 |archive-date=19 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419103821/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/srinivas-avasarala-and-ruhani-sharma-team-up-for-nootokka-jillala-andagaadu/articleshow/71662036.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2023
! scope="row"| ''[[Her - Chapter 1]]''
| ACP Archana Prasad
|
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Agra (2023 film)|Agra]]''
| Mala
| [[Hindi]]
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2024
! scope="row"| ''[[Saindhav]]''
| Dr. Renu
| Telugu
|
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Operation Valentine (film)|Operation Valentine]]''
| Tanya "Hammer" Sharma
| Telugu{{Br}}Hindi
| Bilingual film
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Sriranga Neethulu]]''
| Aishwarya
| rowspan="2" | Telugu
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |last=express|first=cinema |date=2024-01-02 |title=Ruhani Sharma and Suhas to be seen next in Sri Ranga Neethulu |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/jan/02/ruhani-sharma-andsuhas-to-be-seen-next-in-sri-ranga-neethulu-50888.html |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=cinemaexpress |language=te-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tAduFSiMnZw |title=Sri Ranga Neethulu - Teaser {{!}} Suhas, Ruhani Sharma, Karthik Rathnam {{!}} Ajay Arasada, Harshavardhan |publisher=Sony Music South |via=YouTube |date=5 January 2024 |accessdate=7 March 2024}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| [[Love Me (2024 Indian film)|''Love Me'']]
|Pallavi
|Cameo appearance
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Blackout (2024 film)|Blackout]]''
| Roshni D'Souza
| Hindi
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |date=30 May 2024 |title=Blackout trailer: Vikrant Massey, Mouni Roy's dark comedy is all about chaos. Watch |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/blackout-trailer-vikrant-massey-mouni-roys-dark-comedy-is-all-about-chaos-watch-101717059507407-amp.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=31 May 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 2025
! scope="row"|''[[Mask (2025 film)|Mask]]''
| Radhi
| Tamil
| style="text-align:center;" |
|<ref>{{cite news |date=18 May 2024 |title=Kavin Raj, Andrea Jeremiah and Ruhani Sharma's Tamil film 'Mask' goes on floors |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/kavin-raj-and-andrea-jeremiahs-tamil-film-mask-goes-on-floors-8895285.html |access-date=26 May 2024 |work=News18 India}}</ref>
|-
| 2026
| {{Pending film|Alcohol}}
| TBA
| Telugu
| style="text-align:center;" |
|
|}


=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Title
! scope="col"| Role
!Network
! scope="col" | Language
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{ref heading}}
|-
| 2019
! scope="row"| ''[[Poison (web series)|Poison]]''
| Jhanvi
|[[ZEE5]]
| Hindi
|
|
|-
| 2022
! scope="row"| ''[[Meet Cute (TV series)|Meet Cute]]''
| Saroja
|[[SonyLIV]]
| Telugu
| Segment: "Old Is Gold"
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="auto1"/>
|}

=== Music videos ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Singer(s)
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{ref heading}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2013
! scope="row"| "Karva Chauth"
| Jinda Balagan
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3LqcjKK521g |title=Karva Chauth, Jinda Balagan, Full Official Music Video |via=YouTube |date=16 October 2013 |access-date=10 January 2020 |archive-date=11 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811094409/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3LqcjKK521g |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| "Kudi Tu Pataka"
| [[Ammy Virk]], [[Babbal Rai]], [[Ranjit Bawa]], [[Harrdy Sandhu]], A-Kay, Prabh Gill
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/punjabi-song-kudi-tu-pataka-sung-by-ammy-virk-babbal-rai-a-kay-ranjit-bawa-hardy-sandhu-prabh-gill/videoshow/65261844.cms |title=Punjabi Song Kudi Tu Pataka Sung By Ammy Virk, Babbal Rai, A Kay, Ranjit Bawa, Hardy Sandhu & Prabh Gill |website=The Times of India |date=3 August 2018 |access-date=10 January 2020 |archive-date=6 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106235439/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/punjabi-song-kudi-tu-pataka-sung-by-ammy-virk-babbal-rai-a-kay-ranjit-bawa-hardy-sandhu-prabh-gill/videoshow/65261844.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2014
! scope="row"| "Patiale Wal Nu"
| Yeeshu Arora
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1E2GKObj2oI |title=Patiale Wal Nu (Full Video), Yeeshu Arora, Latest Punjabi Song 2019, Jatt Records |via=YouTube |date=18 December 2014 |access-date=10 January 2020 |archive-date=11 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811094411/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1E2GKObj2oI |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| "College Wali Yaari"
| Jot Aulakh
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Jazbaat – The Feeling"
| Lovepreet Mavi
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Ucchian Udarian"
| Dil Dhanju
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Guddi"
| Deep Kanvr
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Big Fan"
| Harinder Buttar
|
|-
| rowspan="7" | 2015
! scope="row"| "Sohniye"
| Mani Thind
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.9xtashan.in/songs/new-punjabi-song-2016-sohniye-mani-thind-ft-ruhani-sharma-latest-punjabi-song-3/ |title=New Punjabi Song 2016 – Sohniye – Mani Thind Ft. Ruhani Sharma – Latest Punjabi Song |website=[[9X Tashan]] |access-date=10 January 2020 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726125747/https://www.9xtashan.in/songs/new-punjabi-song-2016-sohniye-mani-thind-ft-ruhani-sharma-latest-punjabi-song-3/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| "Pyar (Main Ki Kra)"
| Sonu Mahi
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Daftar"
| L-Winder Sandhe
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Mulakatan"
| Raj A.K.S.
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Billo"
| Jey Bee Rapper
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Dengue vs Pendu"
| Manpreet Gill
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Kudi Simple"
| Inder Atwal
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.9xtashan.in/songs/new-punjabi-songs-2016-kudi-simple-inder-atwal-ft-ruhani-sharma-latest-punjabi-songs-3/ |title=New Punjabi Songs 2016 – Kudi Simple – Inder Atwal Ft. Ruhani Sharma – Latest Punjabi Songs |website=9X Tashan |access-date=10 January 2020 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726165922/https://www.9xtashan.in/songs/new-punjabi-songs-2016-kudi-simple-inder-atwal-ft-ruhani-sharma-latest-punjabi-songs-3/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 2017
! scope="row"| "Pyar"
| Upkar Sandhu
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2018
! scope="row"| "Laal Bindi"
| Akull
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Tere Binn"
| [[Shael Oswal]]
|
|-
| 2020
! scope="row"| "Hypnotize"
| Ishaan Khan
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dekhnews.com/entertainment/hypnotize-song/ |title=Hypnotize Song Full HD Video: Latest T-Series Track Ft. Ishaan Khan, Ruhani Sharma & Aishwarya Tripathi |website=Dekh News |date=13 January 2020 |access-date=13 January 2020 |archive-date=13 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113170745/https://www.dekhnews.com/entertainment/hypnotize-song/ |url-status=usurped }}</ref>
|-
| 2021
! scope="row"| "Tu Milta Hai Mujhe"
| Raj Burman & Rashid Khan
|
|-
|
!
|
|-
| 2022
! scope="row"| ''Tera Mera Pyar 2.0''
| [[Yasser Desai]], Josh Sahunta
|
|-
|
!
|
|
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=nm9202414}}
* {{Instagram|id=ruhanisharma94}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Ruhani}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1994 births]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian web series actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Solan district]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Punjabi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu television]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]

Oligodon churahensis

2025-12-16T04:07:01Z

StaciWinslow: Starting info.

{{Short description|Species of snake from India}}

{{speciesbox
| image = Oligodon churahensis (10.3897-evolsyst.5.72564) Figure 6 (cropped).jpg
| image_alt = brownish snake with black bands on wood
| image_caption = Female
| genus = Oligodon
| species = churahensis
| authority = Mirza, Bhardwaj, and Patel, 2021
}}
'''''Oligodon churahensis''''', the '''Churah Valley kukri snake''', is a [[species]] of snake in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Colubridae]]. It was discovered when a photo of it was posted in [[Instagram]] and noticed by two biologists, leading to them contacting the poster and collecting specimens of the species. It is known only from the state of [[Himachal Pradesh]] in India. The common and [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]] both refer to the Churah Valley, where it was discovered.

== Taxonomy ==
The Churah Valley kukri snake was first photographed by Virender Bhardwaj, an Indian [[graduate student]]. During the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], Bhardwaj began exploring his hometown, [[Chamba, Himachal Pradesh|Chamba]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], and posting photos of what he found on [[Instagram]]. When he posted a photo of a [[Oligodon|kukri snake]] in June 2020, the biologists Zeeshan Mirza and Harshil Patel saw it and thought that it might be of an undescribed species.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Instagram image leads to discovery of new snake species|language=en-US|newspaper=[[Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/new-snake-species/2021/12/16/aaf772cc-5869-11ec-9a18-a506cf3aa31d_story.html|access-date=2022-01-05|issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-29|title=Scientists describe a new Himalayan snake species found via Instagram|url=https://india.mongabay.com/2021/11/scientists-describe-a-new-himalayan-snake-species-found-via-instagram/|access-date=2022-01-08|website=[[Mongabay]]|language=en-US}}</ref> They contacted Bhardwaj, and a female [[holotype]] and a male [[paratype]] of the species were subsequently collected from near the village of Thanei Kothi in the Churah Valley on June 22 and June 25, respectively. The researchers concluded that the specimens represented a distinct species on the basis of [[DNA analysis]] and morphology, and described it as ''Oligodon churahensis''. The [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]] is a [[Metonymy|metonym]] after the Churah Valley, where the types of the species were collected.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Mirza|first1=Zeeshan A.|last2=Bhardwaj|first2=Virender Kumar|last3=Patel|first3=Harshil|date=2021-11-02|title=A new species of snake of the genus Oligodon Boie in Fitzinger, 1826 (Reptilia, Serpentes) from the Western Himalayas|url=https://evolsyst.pensoft.net/article/72564/|journal=[[Evolutionary Systematics]]|volume=5|issue=2|pages=335–345|doi=10.3897/evolsyst.5.72564|issn=2535-0730|doi-access=free}}</ref>

The Churah Valley kukri snake is one of over 80 species in the kukri snake genus ''Oligodon'', and is most closely related to the [[banded kukri snake]] (''O. arnensis'').<ref name=":0" />

== Description ==
The Churah Valley kukri snake is a medium-sized ''Oligodon'', with a [[snout–vent length]] of {{Convert|275|mm|in|abbr=on}} and 17 rows of [[dorsal scales]] at the middle of the body. It has seven [[Supralabial scale|supralabial scales]], out of which the third and fourth touch the eye. The [[loreal scale]] is present. It has 170–175 [[ventral scales]], which are yellow with brown smearing on their edges, and 46–47 [[subcaudal scales]]. The pattern on the dorsum (underside of the body) consists of black bands that are 1–2 dorsal scales wide and edged with yellow. It has a total of 48–54 bands. The [[hemipenis]] is forked and spiny all over.<ref name=":0" />
[[File:Oligodon churahensis habitat.png|alt=rocky mountain with scattered shrubs|thumb|Habitat at the type locality of the Churah Valley kukri snake]]

== Distribution ==
The species is known only from the Churah Valley in Himachal Pradesh.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q109650333}}
[[Category:Oligodon|churahensis]]
[[Category:Snakes of India]]
[[Category:Snakes of Asia]]
[[Category:Reptiles described in 2021]]

A. T. Krishnaswamy

2025-12-15T04:41:56Z

StaciWinslow: started some data w/ refs

{{Short description|Indian film director}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox person
|name = A. T. Krishnaswamy
|native_name = ஏ. டி. கிருஷ்ணசாமி
| native_name_lang = ta
|image = A.T.Krishnaswamy.jpg
|imagesize = 150px
|caption = Krishnaswamy in 1940s
|birth_name =
|birth_date = 1905
|birth_place =
| death_date = {{Death year and age|1987|1905}}
|death_place =
|death_cause =
|other_names =
|known_for = ''[[Sabapathy]]''
|years_active = 1930s – 1971
|education =
|occupation = director, producer
|title =
|spouse=
|children=
|parents=
|relatives=
|signature =
|website=
}}

'''A. T. Krishnaswamy''' (1905–1987) was an Indian director best known for the film ''[[Sabapathy]]''.<ref name="Vamanan">{{Cite news |url=http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/62669 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230045916/http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/62669 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=30 December 2018 |title=கலைமாமணி வாமனனின் 'நிழலல்ல நிஜம்' – 159 {{!}} ஏவி.எம்மிலிருந்து அருட்பெரும்ஜோதி வரை சென்ற ஏ.டி.கே! |last=Vamanan |date=24 December 2018 |work=[[Dinamalar]] |access-date=30 December 2018 |location=Nellai |language=ta |author-link=Vamanan}}</ref>

== Career ==
Krishnaswamy joined the [[A. V. Meiyappan]] unit as an assistant during the mid-1930s and worked on all AVM projects. He made his directorial debut with ''[[Sabapathy]]'' (1941) and later left AVM for personal reasons. Krishnasami made films such as ''[[Vidyapathi]]'' and ''[[Manam Oru Kurangu]]''. His most successful film was ''[[Arivaali]]'', but his own success was shortlived. His later days were spent in obscurity, and he died on the same day as [[M. G. Ramachandran]] in 1987.<ref name="atk">{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Devamanohari-1951/article15502198.ece |title=Deva Manohari 1951 |last=Guy |first=Randor |date=1 January 2011 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=30 December 2018 |author-link=Randor Guy |archive-date=26 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226161845/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Devamanohari-1951/article15502198.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{clear}}
== Filmography ==
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
*''[[Sabapathy]]'' (1941)
*''[[Mani Malai]]'' (1941)
*''Naveena Markandeya'' (1941)
*''[[Vidyapathi]]'' (1946)
*''[[Kangkanam]]'' (1948) (script writer)
*''[[Deva Manohari]]'' (1949)
*''[[Mohana Sundaram]]'' (1951)
*''[[Rajambal (1951 film)|Rajambal]]'' (1951) (screenplay)
*''[[Gumastha (1953 film)|Gumastha]]'' (1953) (screenplay)
*''[[Ponvayal|Bangaru Bhoomi]]'' (1954) (Telugu)
*''[[Ponvayal]]'' (1954)
*''[[Menaka (1955 film)|Menaka]]'' (1955) (script writer)
*''[[Arivaali]]'' (1963)
*''[[Manam Oru Kurangu]]'' (1967)
*''[[Arutperunjothi]]'' (1971)
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=0471497}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Krishnaswamy, A. T.}}

[[Category:Indian film directors]]
[[Category:Tamil film directors]]

[[Category:1905 births]]
[[Category:1987 deaths]]

Kapil Deo Kamat

2025-12-07T11:54:20Z

StaciWinslow: typo fix

{{Short description|Indian politician (1951–2020)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date = April 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|image= File:Kapil Deo Kamat during his term as Panchayati Raj minister (cropped).jpg
| native_name = {{lang|hi|कपिल देव कामत}}
| office = [[List of ministers of panchayati raj of Bihar|Minister of Panchayati Raj]] [[Government of Bihar]]
| term_start = {{Start date|df=y|2015|11|20}}
| term_end = {{start date|df=y|2020|10|16}}
| office2 = [[Bihar Legislative Assembly|Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start2 = {{Start date|df=y|2015}}
| term_end2 = {{Start date|df=y|2020}}
| constituency2 = [[Babubarhi Assembly constituency|Babubarhi]]
| predecessor2 = [[Uma Kant Yadav]]
| successor2 = [[Mina Kumari]]
| term_start3 = {{Start date|df=y|2005}}
| term_end3 = {{Start date|df=y|2010}}
| predecessor3 = [[Deo Narayan Yadav]]
| successor3 = [[Uma Kant Yadav]]
| constituency3 = [[Babubarhi Assembly constituency|Babubarhi]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1951|05|11}}
| party = [[Janata Dal (United)]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2020|10|16|1951|05|11}}
| death_cause = [[COVID-19]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.amarujala.com/bihar/nitish-kumar-govt-minister-kapil-dev-kamat-died-after-infecting-from-coronavirus-jdu-leader-madhubani |agency=Amarujala |publisher=Amarujala|title=बिहार: मंत्री कपिलदेव कामत का कोरोना से निधन, सीएम नीतीश कुमार ने जताया शोक }}</ref>
}}
'''Kapil Deo Kamat''' (11 May 1951 – 16 October 2020) was an Indian politician from [[Madhubani district]] of [[Bihar]], [[India]]. He was serving as Minister of Panchayati Raj Department, [[Government of Bihar]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/bihar/panchayats-women-force-shares-tales/cid/1440802|title=Panchayats' women force shares tales|last=|first=|date=2018-04-25|website=www.telegraphindia.com|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412130443/https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/bihar/panchayats-women-force-shares-tales/cid/1440802|archive-date=2020-04-12|access-date=2020-04-12}}</ref> He was a Member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] representing [[Babubarhi Assembly constituency|Babubarhi]].

== Early life ==
Kapil Deo Kamat was born on 11 May 1951, at [[Madhubani district]] in [[Bihar]], [[India]] as a son of Late Anokhi Kamat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://vidhansabha.bih.nic.in/pdf/member_profile/34.pdf|title=Member profile|last=|first=|date=|website=Bihar Vidhan Sabha|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412133019/http://vidhansabha.bih.nic.in/pdf/member_profile/34.pdf|archive-date=2020-04-12|access-date=2020-04-12}}</ref>

== Political career ==
[[File:Kapil Deo Kamat with Ram Balak Singh Kushwaha.jpg|thumb|Kapil Deo Kamat (in green outfit) standing beside [[Ram Balak Singh Kushwaha|Ram Balak Singh]], distributing benefits of various schemes of panchayati raj ministry to beneficiaries.]]
Kapil contested the [[October 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]] as a [[Janta Dal United]] candidate from [[Babubarhi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]] and won.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ceobihar.nic.in/BiharElection/Election%20Result/winner_runnerup.pdf|title=Bihar Assembly Election, 2005 (Oct-Nov) {{!}} List of Winning and Runner-up Candidates|last=|first=|date=|website=ceobihar.nic.in|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222182135/http://ceobihar.nic.in/BiharElection/Election%20Result/winner_runnerup.pdf|archive-date=2018-12-22|access-date=2020-04-12}}</ref> Again, he contested the [[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]] from the same constituency but lost to Uma Kant Yadav of [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/2010/babubarhi/|title=🗳️ Uma Kantyadav winner in Babubarhi, Bihar Assembly Elections 2010|last=|first=|date=|website=LatestLY|language=en|access-date=2020-04-12}}</ref> In [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]] he won from the [[Babubarhi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]] and was appointed Minister of Panchayati Raj Department, [[Government of Bihar]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/nitish-kumarss-team-7-masters-9-grads-and-12-who-went-to-school/|title=Nitish Kumar's Bihar team: 7 Masters, 9 graduates and 12 who went to school|last=|first=|date=2015-11-23|website=The Indian Express|language=en-US|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412132520/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/nitish-kumarss-team-7-masters-9-grads-and-12-who-went-to-school/|archive-date=2020-04-12|access-date=2020-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/2015/babubarhi/kapil-deo-kamat/|title=Kapil Deo Kamat, Babubarhi Assembly Elections 2015 LIVE Results {{!}} LatestLY.com|last=|first=|date=|website=LatestLY|language=en|access-date=2020-04-12}}</ref>

==Death==
Kamat died from [[COVID-19]] during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]].<ref>[https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/national/jd-u-minister-kapil-dev-kamat-succumbs-to-coronavirus JD-U Minister Kapil Dev Kamat succumbs to Coronavirus]</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{Facebook|kkuppl|Kapil dev kamat}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kamat, Kapil Deo}}
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Bihar]]
[[Category:Janata Dal (United) politicians]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2005–2010]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2015–2020]]
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:2020 deaths]]
[[Category:Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in India]]
[[Category:People from Madhubani district]]

CSI Home Church, Nagercoil

2025-12-05T14:51:35Z

StaciWinslow:

{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox church
| name = CSI Home Church
| other name = Home Church
| image = Homechurchnagercoil3.jpg
| caption = Home Church in 2020
| location = [[Nagercoil]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| country = India
| denomination = [[Church of South India]]
| previous denomination = [[London Missionary Society]]
| churchmanship =
| membership =
| attendance =
| website = http://Nargercoilhomechurch.com/
| former name =
| bull date =
| founded date = 2 March 1819
| founder = Rev. [[Charles Mead]]
| dedication =
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| cult =
| relics =
| events =
| past bishop =
| people =
| status = District Church
| functional status = Active
| heritage designation = India
| designated date =
| architect = Rev. Charles Mead
| architectural type = Greek style
| style =
| groundbreaking = January 1, 1819
| completed date =
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| diocese = [[Diocese of Kanyakumari of the Church of South India|CSI Kanyakumari diocese]]
| province =
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| circuit =
| district =
| division =
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| archbishop =
| bishop = [[S. Christopher Vijayan|Rt.Rev.Dr.S.Christopher Vijayan]]<ref>http://csikkd.org/about-us/office-bearers-of-the-diocese {{deadlink|date=July 2018}}</ref>
| dean =
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}}

'''CSI Home Church''' is one of the largest and oldest churches in Asia.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060428145439/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/02/03/stories/2006020300200300.htm "Churches tell historical tales"]</ref> In 1809, the Christian mission established at [[Mylaudy]] by Rev. [[William Tobias Ringeltaube]]. The Foundation stone for this church was laid on January 1, 1818 by Rev. Richard Knill and the construction progressed in the later years aided by the arrival of Rev. Charles Mault in 1821. The land on which the church was built was donated by the then British Travancore resident, General [[John Munro, 9th of Teaninich]], who had acted as a catalyst between the Missionary and the government of [[Madras]] and the Kingdom of [[Travancore]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=wN42AAAAMAAJ&dq=nagercoil+home+church+ringeltaube&pg=PA37 "The Christian Advocate, Volume 11"]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ofIDAAAAQAAJ&dq=nagercoil+home+church+ringeltaube&pg=PA498 "Evangelical Magazine and Missionary Chronicle, Volume 10"]</ref> This helped in the Theological Education for about two Centuries.<ref>[http://www.ots.edu.in/950/1071/database-of-resources/articles/history-of-seminary---fr-baby-varghese-1-6 "THE OLD SEMINARY AND TWO CENTURIES OF THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION- by Rev. Dr. B. Varghese "]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=pjbN_UFjD4sC&dq=William+Tobias+Ringeltaube+nagercoil&pg=PT353 "On The Missionary Trail- By Tom Hiney"]</ref> The church hosted the wedding of linguistic scholar [[Robert Caldwell]] in 1844. He died 28 August 1891, and was buried in [[Tirunelveli]].<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/renovated-house-of-caldwell-inaugurated/article1465812.ece "Renovated house of Caldwell inaugurated"]</ref>

==Architecture==
The building is in Greek style is {{cvt|140x70|ft}}. This is one of the oldest and biggest of the Protestant churches in South India. The edifice can provide accommodation for nearly 2500 people at a time.

[[File:Nagercoil.jpg|thumb|Engraving from the magazine, ''[[Sunday at Home]]'', dated 1872 ]]
[[File:Christmas Light Decoration at CSI Home Church, Nagercoil.jpg|thumb|Church building with light decoration for Christmas celebrations, 2021]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Churches in Kanyakumari district]]
[[Category:Church of South India church buildings in India]]

Abhishek Mishra

2025-12-03T10:41:26Z

StaciWinslow: quick fix intro per sources further

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
[[File:Abshiek-mishra.jpg|thumb]]
'''Abhishek Mishra''' (born 29 August 1977) is an Indian academic and politician, who is the National Secretary and Spokesperson of the [[Samajwadi Party]]. He is a former [[member of the legislative assembly]] of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Uttar Pradesh]], and a former Cabinet Minister.

Mishra has a MSc degree in management from the [[University of Strathclyde]] in Glasgow, and a PhD in strategy and marketing from the University of Cambridge. He has worked as a consultant for the Ministry of Home Affairs and the Ministry of Defence, and has trained [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] and [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] officers. He has also been a member of the faculty at the [[Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad]].<ref name="candidate 2012">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/iim-prof-turns-candidate-stays-manager|title=IIM prof turns candidate, stays manager |work=The Indian Express |author=Khyati, Surbhi |date=17 February 2012}}</ref>

In the [[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]], he was elected for a five-year term, representing the Samajwadi Party in the [[sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://upvidhansabhaproceedings.gov.in/member?memberId=19446|title=Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly (UPLA): Member info|website=upvidhansabhaproceedings.gov.in|access-date=30 January 2021|archive-date=3 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203201417/http://upvidhansabhaproceedings.gov.in/member?memberId=19446|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="2012 Election Results">{{cite news|title=2012 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2012/Stats_Report_UP2012.pdf|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106190334/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2012/Stats_Report_UP2012.pdf |archivedate=6 January 2018}}</ref> For part of his term, he was a Cabinet Minister in Akhilesh Yadav's cabinet.<ref name="cabinet minister">{{cite press release |agency=[[IANS]] | url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/akhilesh-expands-cabinet-3-sacked-ministers-back-116092600382_1.html | title=Akhilesh expands cabinet, 3 sacked ministers back | date=26 September 2016 | accessdate=23 August 2024}}</ref> He lost his seat in the 2017 election.<ref name="2017 election">{{cite news | url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/up-elections-bjp-super-cop-and-sp-ex-iim-prof-battle-for-ballot | title=UP Elections: BJP Super Cop and SP Ex IIM Prof. battle for ballot | work=The Free Press Journal | date=22 February 2022 | accessdate=23 August 2024 | author=Sharma, Rashmi}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mishra, Abhishek}}
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2012–2017]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1977 births]]
[[Category:Politicians from Lucknow]]
[[Category:Samajwadi Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]

{{UttarPradesh-SP-politician-stub}}

Bharatpedia:WikiProject Delhi

2025-11-30T23:31:00Z

StaciWinslow: made a info w/ refs!

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St. Francis Xavier's Church, Giriz

2025-11-29T08:31:18Z

StaciWinslow: updated details

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{refimprove|date=August 2012}}
{{notability|date=June 2012}}
}}
[[File:Saint Francis Xavier Church, Giriz (01).jpg|thumb|St. Francis Xavier's Church, Giriz]]
<ref>{{cite web|title=The East Indians of Bombay|url=http://www.east-indians.net/Giriz.htm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.discoveredindia.com/maharashtra/attractions/churches/st-francis-xavier%27s-church.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821130104/http://discoveredindia.com/maharashtra/attractions/churches/st-francis-xavier%27s-church.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-date=21 August 2016|title=St Francis Xavier's - Roman Catholic Church of Vasai Vihar in Maharashtra|website=www.discoveredindia.com|access-date=2018-07-17}}</ref>

'''St. Francis Xavier's Church, Giriz''' is a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[church (building)|church]] in the village of Giriz in the coastal town of [[Vasai]] in the city of [[Vasai-Virar]] in [[Maharashtra]] State, [[India]]. It serve as the parish church for Giriz, within the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Vasai|Diocese of Vasai]].

==History==
The church was built in the early 20th century for the Catholics of Giriz, who were till then parishioners of the vast parish of St. Thomas, Sandor and Our Lady of Mercy, Merces. The [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Goa and Daman|Archbishop of Damaun]] recognized the hardship faced by the people of Giriz in attending services at St. Thomas, Sandor and Merces especially during [[monsoon]]s.

A new church was commissioned and the foundation laid on 14 February 1917. The village folk themselves completed construction a year later "without foreign aid". The patron saint of the new church was St. [[Francis Xavier]] (7 April 1506 – 3 December 1552), and parishioners continue to celebrate the [[feast]] of St. Francis Xavier every year on 3 December. The church completed, Giriz became an independent parish with Fr. Augusto D’Souza, who had supervised the construction of the church from inception, as the first [[parish priest]].

In 1968 the church and parish celebrated its Golden Jubilee. The vicar Fr. Francis Gratian Monteiro built a porch and the Marshal Pereira Community Hall to accommodate the growing population of Catholics. In 1977, Vicar Fr. Dominic Pereira built a spacious extension of the church and a new parochial house on the first floor both with German and diocesan aid and in May 1981 the two spires of the church were replaced.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Francis Xavier's Church, Giriz}}
[[Category:Roman Catholic church buildings in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Christian organizations established in 1918]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic churches completed in 1918]]

{{India-RC-church-stub}}