Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

List of Hindi films of 2027

2026-06-09T07:02:13Z

Srcsdoon: added references

{{Short description|none}}
This is a list of [[Hindi language]] films produced in [[Bollywood]] in India that are scheduled to be released in the year 2027.

== January–March ==
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#b0e0e6; text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" style="width:6%;" | Opening
! style="width:18%;" | Title
! style="width:10.5%;" | Director
! style="width:30%;" | Cast !! Studio (production house) !! {{refh}}
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:plum; textcolor:#000;" |'''J A N'''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''21'''
| style="text-align:center;"| ''The Pride of Bharat - Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj'' || [[Sandeep Singh (producer)|Sandeep Singh]] || {{hlist|[[Rishab Shetty]]|Zanai Bhosle|[[Shefali Shah]]|[[Arjun Rampal]]}}|| Legend Studios, Immerso Studios ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rishab Shetty’s First Look As Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Unveiled, Film To Release In 2027 |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/rishab-shettys-first-look-as-chhatrapati-shivaji-maharaj-unveiled-film-to-release-in-2027-see-here-9143295.html |date=3 December 2024 |website=News18 |access-date=26 February 2026 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Arjun Rampal Joins Cast of Rishab Shetty’s Film on Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://varietyindia.com/arjun-rampal-joins-cast-of-rishab-shettys-film-on-chhatrapati-shivaji-maharaj-exclusive/ |date=20 March 2026 |website=Variety India |access-date=21 March 2026 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| ''Love & War'' || [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]] || {{hlist|[[Ranbir Kapoor]]|[[Alia Bhatt]]|[[Vicky Kaushal]]}}|| Bhansali Productions ||<ref>{{cite web |title=Sanjay Leela Bhansali’s Love & War set for January 21, 2027 release worldwide |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/sanjay-leela-bhansalis-love-war-set-for-january-21-2027-release-worldwide/ |date=17 April 2026 |work=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=17 April 2026 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4; textcolor:#000;" |'''F E B'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#dbfff8; textcolor:#000;" | '''12'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''Naagzilla''|| Mrighdeep Singh Lamba || {{hlist|[[Kartik Aaryan]]|[[Ravi Kishan]]|[[Preity Mukhundhan]]}} || [[Dharma Productions]], [[Mahaveer Jain Films]] ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2026 |title=Kartik Aaryan starrer Naagzilla to release during Valentine’s Day weekend 2027 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/kartik-aaryan-starrer-naagzilla-postponed-to-release-during-valentines-day-weekend-2027/ |access-date=15 April 2026 |work=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#dbfff8; textcolor:#000;" | '''14'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''Hone De Tera'' || Jenny & Dipayan || {{hlist|Arsh|Shagun Singh}} || Human Being Studios ||{{cn|date=May 2026}}
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#93CCEA; textcolor:#000;" |'''M A R'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#B0E0E6;" |'''5'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''#SVC63'' || [[Vamshi Paidipally]] || {{hlist|[[Salman Khan]]|[[Nayanthara]]|[[Anil Kapoor]]|[[Arvind Swamy]]|[[Rajpal Yadav]]}} || [[Sri Venkateswara Creations]] ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 April 2026 |title=SVC 63: Salman Khan's next with Nayanthara on Eid 2027 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/... |access-date=24 April 2026 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#B0E0E6;" |'''19'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''Force 3'' || Bhav Dhulia || {{hlist|[[John Abraham]]|[[Harshvardhan Rane]]|[[Tanya Maniktala]]|Surya Sharma}} || JA Entertainment, Karolina Corporation ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2026 |title=Force 3 makers unveil intrigue-filled announcement video with John Abraham and Harshvardhan Rane as filming begins |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/force-3-makers-unveil-intrigue-filled-announcement-video-with-john-abraham-and-harshvardhan-rane-as-filming-begins/ |access-date=15 April 2026 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== April–June ==
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#b0e0e6; text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" style="width:6%;" | Opening
! style="width:18%;" | Title
! style="width:10.5%;" | Director
! style="width:30%;" | Cast !! Studio (production house) !! {{refh}}
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4; textcolor:#000;" |'''M A Y'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#dbfff8; textcolor:#000;" |'''14'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''Lag Ja Gale'' || [[Raj Mehta]] || {{hlist|[[Tiger Shroff]]|[[Janhvi Kapoor]]|[[Lakshya (actor)|Lakshya]]}} || [[Dharma Productions]] ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2026 |title=Tiger Shroff, Janhvi Kapoor and Lakshya-starrer Lag Ja Gale to release on May 14, 2027|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/tiger-shroff-janhvi-kapoor-and-lakshya-starrer-lag-ja-gale-to-release-on-may-14-2027/|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=9 June 2026}}</ref>
|}

== July–September ==
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#b0e0e6; text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" style="width:6%;" | Opening
! style="width:18%;" | Title
! style="width:10.5%;" | Director
! style="width:30%;" | Cast !! Studio (production house) !! {{refh}}
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4; textcolor:#000;" |'''A U G'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#dbfff8; textcolor:#000;" | '''13'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''Captain India''|| [[Shimit Amin]] || [[Kartik Aaryan]] || [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]], [[Baweja Studios]], Midnight Chai Films ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 April 2026 |title=Kartik Aaryan starrer Captain India locks Independence Day 2027 release |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/kartik-aaryan-starrer-captain-india-locks-independence-day-2027-release/ |access-date=23 April 2026 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== October–December ==
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#b0e0e6; text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" style="width:6%;" | Opening
! style="width:18%;" | Title
! style="width:10.5%;" | Director
! style="width:30%;" | Cast !! Studio (production house) !! {{refh}}
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:plum; textcolor:#000;" |'''O C T'''
| style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''29'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''Ramayana Part 2'' || [[Nitesh Tiwari]]|| {{hlist|[[Ranbir Kapoor]]|[[Yash (actor)|Yash]]|[[Sai Pallavi]]|[[Ravi Dubey]]|[[Sunny Deol]]}}|| Prime Focus Studios, Monster Mind Creations ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 November 2024 |title=Ranbir Kapoor And Sai Pallavi's Ramayana Part 1 and 2 Get Official Release Dates |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/ramayana-ranbir-kapoor-sai-pallavi-s-film-gets-release-date-bonus-new-poster-6955155 |access-date=6 November 2024 |website=NDTV |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#93CCEA; textcolor:#000;" |'''D E C'''
| style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''3'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''Tumbbad 2'' || Adesh Prasad || {{hlist|[[Sohum Shah]]|[[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]]}} || Sohum Shah Films, [[Pen Studios]] ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 April 2026 |title=Tumbbad 2 release date announced - Sohum Shah starrer much-awaited sequel to hit cinemas on December 3, 2027 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/tumbbad-2-release-date-announced-sohum-shah-starrer-much-awaited-sequel-to-hit-cinemas-on-december-3-2027/ |access-date=29 April 2026 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== See also ==
* [[Lists of Hindi films]]
* [[List of Hindi films of 2026]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Bollywood|horiz}}
{{Indian film list}}
{{2027 films}}

[[Category:Lists of Hindi films by year]]
[[Category:2027 films]]
[[Category:Upcoming films]]

Parbatjhora Assembly constituency

2026-05-08T15:49:58Z

Srcsdoon: Starting A Info More To Come

{{short description|Assembly constituency of Assam}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Parbatjhora
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 5
| map_image = Parbatjhora Assembly constituency map.svg
| map_caption =
| state = [[Assam]]
| division = [[Lower Assam division|Lower Assam]]
| district = [[Kokrajhar district|Kokrajhar]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Kokrajhar Lok Sabha constituency|Kokrajhar]]
| established = 2023
| reservation = None
| mla =
| party =
| alliance =
| latest_election_year =
| electors =
}}

'''Parbatjhora Assembly constituency''' is one of the 126 assembly constituencies of [[Assam]] a north east state of India. It was newly formed in 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eci.gov.in/Documents/Delimitation/DELIMITATIONASSAM_UPDATED.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies of State of Assam|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date = 2025-11-28}}</ref>

==Election Results==

=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Parbatjhora}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Md Ashraful Islam Sheikh]]
|votes = 77128
|percentage = 46.95
|change = New Seat
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bodoland People's Front
|candidate = Rezaul Karim
|votes = 68106
|percentage = 41.46
|change = New Seat
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India United Democratic Front
|candidate = Abu Taher Bepari
|votes = 5641
|percentage = 3.43
|change = New Seat
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = United People's Party Liberal
|candidate = Ayub Hussain Mondal
|votes = 8920
|percentage = 5.43
|change = New Seat
}}

{{Election box candidate
|party = None of the above
|candidate = NOTA
|votes = 1373
|percentage = 0.84
|change = New Seat
}}

{{Election box majority
|votes = 9022
|percentage = 5.49
|change = New Seat
}}

{{Election box turnout
|votes = 164277
|percentage =
|change = New Seat
}}

{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors =
}}

{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Assam Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Assam}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Assam]]
[[Category:Kokrajhar district]]
[[Category:Politics of Assam]]
[[Category:2023 establishments in Assam]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2023]]

National Standard Examination in Junior Science

2026-05-07T09:14:24Z

Srcsdoon: created basic entry w/ refs

{{Short description|School examination in India}}

The '''''National Standard Examination in Junior Science or NSEJS '''''is an examination in Science for secondary school students, usually conducted in the end of November. Organized by the [[Indian Association of Physics Teachers]] in association with [[Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education]] (HBCSE), NSEJS is considered to be the toughest Science exam on higher secondary level globally. The NSEJS is carried out every year since 1987 in English, Hindi & a few other Indian languages. More than 80,000 students from over 1,500 centres take part in these olympiads.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://iapt.org.in/index.php/exams/nse/nsec-b-a-js.html|title=NSEC/B/A/JS|last=Himangi|website=iapt.org.in|access-date=2016-11-15}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://olympiads.hbcse.tifr.res.in/|title=Olympiads {{!}} Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education|website=olympiads.hbcse.tifr.res.in|access-date=2016-11-15}}</ref>

==Eligibility==

Only Indian citizens born between Jan 1, 2011 and 31st Dec, 2012 and are students studying in Class 8th, 9th and 10th can apply and appear for NSEJS 2026-2027. The student has to himself re-assure his eligibility. At any stage if the student is found to be not eligible for the exam, he/she may be disqualified from the program.

==Importance==

The top 300 students or so, with state wise quota, from this examination are selected to sit for the Indian National Junior Science Olympiad. The examination, with both a theory and an objective paper is held in the last week of January. The top 35 or so students are then called for an Orientation cum Selection Camp (OCSC), and the top 6 among all students are selected for the [[International Junior Science Olympiad]].<ref name=":1" />

==Format==

Before 2014-15, The NSEJS comprised both [[multiple choice question]]s and subjective questions. Due to the large volume of participating students, all questions were not checked for all candidates; subjective questions were checked for only those candidates scoring above a certain minimum in the multiple-choice questions. Multiple choice questions carried about 60% of the total weightage and were the crucial determinant for selection to the next stage.

The present format (from 2014-15 onwards) is composed entirely of 60 multiple-choice questions in physics, chemistry and biology.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.physicsforum.in/nsejs.html|title=PHYSICS FORUM (Lokendra Pawar) - NSEJS/ INJSO/ IJSO|website=www.physicsforum.in|access-date=2016-11-15}}</ref>

==Fee==

The fee for the NSEJS is Rs. 300 ($15 for overseas candidates). Application for this examination is typically handled through the school/college to which the student is affiliated.<ref name=":0" />
==Qualifying for the Second Stage==
The basic objective of conducting this test is not focusing on merit but to involve as many students from the country to participate in the exam and try to show and expose their talent. Hence the selection to the stage examinations i.e., International Junior Science Olympiad Examinations (IJSO) is based on the following scheme.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.motachashma.com/scholarships/nsejs-national-standard-examination-in-junior-science.php|title=NSEJS 2016 Junior - Science Olympiad|last=Sabharwal|first=Ankita|website=Mota Chashma|language=en-US|access-date=2016-11-15}}</ref>

===Cutoff===
To be eligible to get to the next level, i.e., the second stage, it is necessary that a student scores at-least a '''Minimum Admissible Score (MAS)''' which is 50% of the average of the top ten scores rounded off to the nearest lower integer.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=https://www.vedantu.com/exams/nsejs-exam-eligibility-criteria#:~:text=For%20the%202020%20edition%20of,are%20eligible%20for%20NSEJS%202020|title=NSEJS Exam Eligibility Criteria: 2022-23|work=www.vedantu.com|access-date=2017-11-25}}</ref> In the year 2024 the MAS was 76 and MI was 122.

===Proportional Representation Clause===
The maximum number of students that can get to '''Stage II''' (InJSO) in each subject is around 300. These any students are not selected only on the merit basis but also on proportionate basis. This proportion is decided on the base of the number of candidates who appeared for NSEJS in the previous year from that center in each State or Union Territory (UT). In case there is a tie at the last position, then all the students competing for the last position will be eligible to move to stage II. However, it’s necessary that the selected students fulfill the eligibility clause laid out above. The total number to be selected from centers in each State for each subject will be displayed on the [[Indian Association of Physics Teachers|IAPT]] and [[HBCSE]]<ref name=":1" /> website.<ref name=":0" />

===Minimum Representation Clause===
Notwithstanding the proportional representation clause, the number of students selected for [[IJSO]] from each State and UT must be at least one, provided that the eligibility clause is satisfied.<ref name=":2" />

===Merit Clause===
As stated above, approximately 300 students are to be selected for second stage. If this does not happen according to MAS, then after selection as per merit, the shortfall from 300 students will be selected based purely on merit without further consideration to proportional representation and minimum representation clauses. In the event of a tie at the last position in the list all students with the same marks at this position will qualify to appear for the Stage II examination.<ref name=":3" />

==See also==
* [[International Junior Science Olympiad]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.hbcse.tifr.res.in/olympiads/Data/ObjectType/e/enrolproc/viewObjectType How to enroll for National Standard Examinations(NSE)] (Homi Bhabha Centre For Science Education).

{{National Standard Examination}}

[[Category:1987 establishments in India]]
[[Category:School examinations in India]]
[[Category:Science education in India]]

Sabarkantha Lok Sabha constituency

2026-05-06T22:27:25Z

Srcsdoon: Starting The Info V1!

{{Short description|Lok Sabha constituency in Gujarat}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Sabarkantha
| type = LS
| map_image = સાબરકાંઠા – Sabarkantha.svg
| map_caption = Sabarkantha Lok Sabha Constituency સાબરકાંઠા લોક સભા મતદાર વિભાગ
| reservation= None
| established = 1952
|electors =19,76,349 (2024)<ref>{{Cite web| title=EC releases absolute number of voters for all completed phases | date=2024-05-25 | publisher=Election commission of India | url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/WYKXFehhEH.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525141320/https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/WYKXFehhEH.pdf | archive-date=2024-05-25}}</ref>
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| mp = [[Shobhanaben Baraiya]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| state = [[Gujarat]]
| assembly_cons =[[Himatnagar Assembly constituency|Himatnagar]] [[Idar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Idar]] [[Khedbrahma Assembly constituency|Khedbrahma]] [[Bhiloda Assembly constituency|Bhiloda]] [[Modasa Assembly constituency|Modasa]] [[Bayad Assembly constituency|Bayad]] [[Prantij Assembly constituency|Prantij]]
}}
'''Sabarkantha''' is one of 26 [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in [[Gujarat]] state in western [[India]].

==Vidhan Sabha segments==
Presently, Sabarkantha Lok Sabha constituency comprises seven [[Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) segments. These are:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceogujarat.nic.in/site/download/FINAL_ROLL_2009.pdf|title=Parliament Constituency wise Electors Detail, Polling Stations & EPIC - Loksabha Election 2009|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Gujarat website|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416162919/http://ceogujarat.nic.in/site/download/FINAL_ROLL_2009.pdf|archivedate=2009-04-16}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! width="50px" style="font-size:75%" |Constituency number
! width="200px" |Name
! width="120px" style="font-size:75%" |Reserved for ([[Dalit|SC]]/[[Adivasi|ST]]/None)
! width="150px" |District
! colspan="2"|Party
! colspan="2"|2024 Lead
|-
|27
|[[Himatnagar Assembly constituency|Himatnagar]]
|None
| rowspan="3" |[[Sabarkantha district|Sabarkantha]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|28
|[[Idar Assembly constituency|Idar]]
|SC
|-
|29
|[[Khedbrahma Assembly constituency|Khedbrahma]]
|ST
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|30
|[[Bhiloda Assembly constituency|Bhiloda]]
|ST
| rowspan="3" |[[Aravalli district|Aravalli]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
|31
|[[Modasa Assembly constituency|Modasa]]
|None
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|32
|[[Bayad Assembly constituency|Bayad]]
|None
|-
|33
|[[Prantij Assembly constituency|Prantij]]
|None
|[[Sabarkantha district|Sabarkantha]]
|}

== Members of Parliament ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Winner
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1952 Indian general election|1952]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Gulzarilal Nanda]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=3|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]
|-
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
|-
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
| rowspan="2" |[[C.C. Desai]]
|{{Full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|-
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (O)|rowspan=2|dab=yes}}
|-
|1973^
|[[Maniben Patel]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/opinion/the-political-dynasty-nobody-is-talking-about-sardar-patels/142422/|title = The political dynasty nobody is talking about: Sardar Patel's| website=[[ThePrint]] |date = 31 October 2018}}</ref>
|-
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
|[[H.M. Patel]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
|[[Shantubhai Patel]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|[[H.M. Patel]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|[[Maganbhai Patel]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|[[Arvind Trivedi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Nisha Chaudhary]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=5|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|-
|2001^
| rowspan="2" |[[Madhusudan Mistry]]
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|[[Mahendrasinh Chauhan]]
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=4|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Dipsinh Shankarsinh Rathod]]
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|[[Shobhanaben Mahendrasinh Baraiya]]
|}
^ by poll

== Election results ==
=== General Election 2024===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general elections]]: [[Sabarkantha]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Shobhanaben Baraiya]]|votes=6,77,318|percentage=53.36|change={{decrease}}4.26}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Tushar Chaudhary]]|votes=5,21,636|percentage=41.09|change={{increase}}5.55}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above (India)|candidate=[[None of the above]]|votes=21,076|percentage=1.66|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Ramesh Chandra Parmar|votes=9,967|percentage=0.79|change={{increase}}0.14}}
{{Election box majority||votes=1,55,682|percentage=12.27|change={{decrease}}9.81}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=12,71,490|percentage=64.19|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{notelist}}

=== General Election 2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Sabarkantha]]}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Dipsinh Shankarsinh Rathod]]|votes=7,01,984|percentage=57.62|change=+8.14}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Thakor Rajendrasinh Shivsinh|votes=4,32,997|percentage=35.54|change=-6.37|Result=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Raval Rajubhai Punjabhai|votes=17,175|percentage=1.41|change=N/A|Result=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Pathan Aaiyubkhan Ajabkhan|votes=9,177|percentage=0.75|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Vinodbhai Jethabhai Mesariya|votes=7,912|percentage=0.65|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=2,68,987|percentage=22.08|change=+14.49}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=12,20,978|percentage=67.77|change=-0.05}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== General Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Sabarkantha]]<ref>CEO Gujarat. ''[http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/Contesting_Candidates_LS2014.PDF Contesting Candidates LS2014] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514025434/http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/Contesting_Candidates_LS2014.PDF |date=2014-05-14 }}''</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS0620.htm?ac=20|title=Constituencywise-All Candidates|publisher=ECI|access-date=2014-05-17|archive-date=2014-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517135238/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS0620.htm?ac=20|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Dipsinh Shankarsinh Rathod]]|votes=5,52,205|percentage=49.48|change=+2.46}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Shankersinh Vaghela]]|votes=4,67,750|percentage=41.91|change=-2.72|Result=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=None of the Above|votes=18,249|percentage=1.64|change=---|Result=}}{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Chandubhai Bhambhi|votes=16,665|percentage=1.49|change=+0.34|Result=}}{{Election box candidate|party=[[Independent politician|IND]]|candidate=Solanki Chhaganbhai Kevalabhai|votes=9,765|percentage=0.90|change=+0.90}}
{{Election box majority||votes=84,455|percentage=7.57|change=+5.18}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=10,95,863|percentage=67.82|change=+18.09}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing = +2.46
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== General Elections 2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Sabarkantha]]<ref>CEO Gujarat. ''[http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/Contesting_Candidates_LS2014.PDF Contesting Candidates LS2014] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514025434/http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/Contesting_Candidates_LS2014.PDF |date=2014-05-14 }}''</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS0620.htm?ac=20|title=Constituencywise-All Candidates|publisher=ECI|access-date=2014-05-17|archive-date=2014-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517135238/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS0620.htm?ac=20|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf | title=Constituency wise detailed results | access-date=2014-05-17 | archive-date=2013-08-02 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130802000135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf | url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Mahendrasinh Chauhan]]|votes=3,37,416|percentage=47.02|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Madhusudan Mistry]]|votes=3,20,261|percentage=44.63|change=|Result=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Chhaganbhai Solanki|votes=28,135|percentage=3.92|change=|Result=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Rathod Sabirmiya Amirmiya|votes=9,504|percentage=1.32|change=}}

{{Election box majority||votes=17,155|percentage=2.39|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=7,17,614|percentage=49.41|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}

{{Election box end}}

=== General Elections 2004===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Indian general elections]]: [[Sabarkantha]]<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_I_LS_2004.pdf | title=Statistical report on general elections, 2004 to the 14th Lok Sabha | access-date=2017-06-28 | archive-date=2014-07-18 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718190634/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_I_LS_2004.pdf | url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Madhusudan Mistry]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/sabarkantha-lok-sabha|title = Sabarkantha Lok Sabha Election Result - Parliamentary Constituency}}</ref>
|votes = 3,16,483
|percentage = 48.34
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Ramilaben Bara
|votes = 2,76,555
|percentage = 42.24
|change =
|Result =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Rashidahmad Baga
|votes = 23,341
|percentage = 3.56
|change =
|Result =
}}

{{Election box majority|
|votes = 39,928
|percentage = 6.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 6,54,620
|percentage = 51.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}

{{Election box end}}

===1952===
* Nanda, Gulzarilal Bulaqiram (INC) : 106,048 votes <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/parliamentary-constituencies/1951-election-results.html|title = 1951 India General (1st Lok Sabha) Elections Results}}</ref>
* Maharaj Himmatsinhji Dowlatsinhji (Ind) : 83,674

==See also==
* [[Sabarkantha district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-lwr}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Phulpur Lok Sabha constituency|Phulpur]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Constituency represented by the [[Prime Minister of India|prime minister]]|years=1964}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Allahabad Lok Sabha constituency|Allahabad]]}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Allahabad Lok Sabha constituency|Allahabad]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Constituency represented by the [[Prime Minister of India|prime minister]]|years=1966-1967}}
{{s-vac|next=[[Raebareli Lok Sabha constituency|Rae Bareli]]|reason=until 1967 ''(Prime Minister in Rajya Sabha)''}}
{{end}}

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Gujarat}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|23.8|73.0|display=title}}

[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Sabarkantha district]]

2025–26 Indian Women's League

2026-05-06T18:48:09Z

Srcsdoon: put up new page!

{{Infobox football league season
| competition = [[Indian Women's League]]
| season = [[2025–26 in Indian football|2025–26]]
| dates = 20 December 2025 – 18 May 2026
| winners =
| relegated =
| continentalcup1 = [[2026–27 AFC Women's Champions League|AFC Champions League]]
| continentalcup1 qualifiers =
| matches = 40
| total goals = 135
| best player =
| league topscorer =
| best goalkeeper =
| biggest home win = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]] 9–0 [[Sesa Football Academy (women)|Sesa]] (30 December 2025)
| biggest away win = [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]] 0–5 [[Nita Football Academy|Nita]] (27 December 2025) [[Sesa Football Academy (women)|Sesa]] 0–5 [[Sethu FC|Sethu]] [[Nita Football Academy|Nita]] 0–5 [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]] (2 January 2026) [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]] 0–5 [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]] (6 January 2026)
| highest scoring = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]] 9–0 [[Sesa Football Academy (women)|Sesa]] (30 December 2025)
| longest wins = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]] (9 matches)
| longest unbeaten = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]] (9 matches)
| longest winless = [[Sesa Football Academy (women)|Sesa]] (10 matches)
| longest losses = [[Sesa Football Academy (women)|Sesa]] (5 matches)
| highest attendance =
| lowest attendance =
| attendance =
| average attendance =
| prevseason = [[2024–25 Indian Women's League|2024–25]]
| nextseason = 2026–27
| updated = 6 May 2026
}}
The '''2025–26 Indian Women's League''' is the ninth season of the [[Indian Women's League]], the top division [[Women's association football|women's]] [[Association football|professional football]] league in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=AIFF charts roadmap for Indian women's national team after historic Asian Cup qualification |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/aiff-charts-roadmap-for-indian-womens-national-team-after-historic-asian-cup-qualification |access-date=11 July 2025 |website=www.the-aiff.com }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Competitions Calendar 2025-26 |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/media/uploads/2025/06/AIFF-Competitions-Calendar-2025.pdf |access-date=19 June 2025 |website=www.the-aiff.com }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Indian football 2025-26: ISL missing from AIFF’s competition calendar, IWL and I-League start in October - full schedule |url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/india-football-2025-26-calendar-schedule |access-date=19 June 2025 |publisher=Olympics }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=No ISL in Indian football’s 2025-26 calendar — AIFF excludes Indian Super League from next season’s schedule |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/aiff-competition-calendar-2025-26-no-isl-indian-super-league-dates-for-super-cup-ileague-indian-football/article69711908.ece |access-date=19 June 2025 |publisher=Sportstar }}</ref> [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]] are the defending champions.<ref>{{cite news|title=East Bengal put the cherry on top of IWL title by defeating Gokulam Kerala|url=https://i-league.org/east-bengal-put-the-cherry-on-top-of-iwl-title-by-defeating-gokulam-kerala/|website=i-league.org|publisher=I-League|date=18 April 2025|access-date=18 April 2025}}</ref>

==Changes from last season==
Eight clubs will compete in the 9th season, with two clubs promoted from [[2024–25 Indian Women's League 2]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://i-league.org/garhwal-united-fc-crowned-iwl-2-champions-with-perfect-record/ |title=Garhwal United FC crowned IWL 2 champions with perfect record |date=17 May 2025 |publisher=i-league.org }}</ref> In November 2025, AIFF announced that the league will be held in two phases. The first phase will be held from 20 December 2025 to 6 January 2026,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/iwl-2025-26-season-start-date-phase-wise-aiff-indian-womens-league/article70235649.ece |title=AIFF confirms IWL 2025-26 to be held in two phases |date=3 November 2025 |publisher=Sportstar }}</ref> while the second phase will be held from 27 April to 18 May 2026.<ref>{{cite web |title=IWL 2025-26 Phase 2 to kick off on April 27 in Kolkata |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/iwl-2025-26-phase-2-to-kick-off-on-april-27-in-kolkata |publisher=[[All India Football Federation]] |date=16 April 2026 }}</ref> While AIFF had promoted their developmental team [[Indian Arrows|Indian Arrows Women]] on 11 July 2025, but the decision was later rescinded on 23 November 2025 and [[Sesa Football Academy (women)|Sesa]] was promoted.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gfagoa.com/content-detail/sesa-fa-secures-entry-into-the-indian-womens-leaguethe-goa-football-association-is-pleased-to-announce-that-sesa-football-academy-has-been-confirmed-as-goas-representative-in-the-upcoming-indian-wom/ |title=Sesa FA Secures Entry into the Indian Women’s League |publisher=Goa Football Assocaition |date=23 November 2025 }}</ref>

;Promoted from [[2024–25 Indian Women's League 2|Indian Women's League 2]]
* [[Garhwal United FC|Garhwal United]] {{rise|b}}
* [[Sesa Football Academy (women)|Sesa]] {{rise|b}}

;Relegated to [[2025–26 Indian Women's League 2|Indian Women's League 2]]
* [[Odisha FC Women|Odisha]] {{fall|b}}
* [[HOPS FC|HOPS]] {{fall|b}}

==Clubs==
{{location map+|India3|float=center|width=350|alt=Locations of the Indian Women's League teams|caption=Locations of the Indian Women's League clubs|places={{location map~ |India |lat=11.256319|long=75.785832|label= <div style="font-size:100%;">{{nowrap|[[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]}}
</div>|position=left}}

{{Location map~ |India |lat=28.6139|long=77.2090|label=<div style="font-size:100%;">{{nowrap|[[Garhwal United FC|Garhwal United]]}}</div>|position=left}}

{{location map~ |India |lat=9.940344|long=78.142869|label= <div style="font-size:100%;">{{nowrap|[[Sethu FC|Sethu]]}}
</div>|position=right}}

{{location map~ |India |lat=22.56972|long=88.36972|label= <div style="font-size:100%;">Kolkata
</div>|position=left|mark=Blue pog.svg}}

{{location map~ |India |lat=12.96|long=77.6116|label= <div style="font-size:100%;">{{nowrap|[[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]}}
</div>|position=right}}

{{location map~ |India |lat=20.56620|long=85.71762|label= <div style="font-size:100%;">{{nowrap|[[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]}}</div>|position=left}}

{{Location map~ |India |lat=15.5600|long=74.0050|label= <div style="font-size:100%;">{{nowrap|[[Sesa Football Academy (women)|Sesa]]}} </div>|position=left}}


{{Location map~ |India2 |mark=TransparentPlaceholder.png |marksize=1 |lat=15|long=85.5|label=<div style="font-size:100%;">'''{{nowrap|[[Football in Kolkata|Kolkata]] clubs:}}''' 
{{nowrap|[[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]}} 
{{nowrap|[[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]}} 
</div>
|position=right}}}}

{{Location map+|India Kolkata
|width=250
|float=right
|caption=Location of the Kolkata football clubs
|alt=Kolkata football clubs
|places =
{{Location map~ |India Kolkata |lat=22.560010936479717 |long=88.34308608418539 |mark=Red pog.svg |label='''[[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]'''|label_size=75|marksize=|position=bottom}}
{{Location map~ |India Kolkata |lat=22.598911588940346 |long=88.40293156020894 |mark=Red pog.svg |label='''[[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]'''|label_size=75|marksize=|position=bottom}}
}}

===Stadiums and locations===
The matches for the first phase will be played at two venues located in [[Kolkata]] and [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]], [[West Bengal]]; [[National Center of Excellence]] and [[Kalyani Stadium]] respectively. The second phase will be played at [[National Center of Excellence]] and [[East Bengal Ground]].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Club
!City
!State/Region
|-
|[[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|[[Kolkata]]
|[[West Bengal]]
|-
|[[Garhwal United FC|Garhwal United]]
|[[New Delhi]]
|[[Delhi]]
|-
|[[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|[[Kozhikode]]
|[[Kerala]]
|-
|[[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|[[Bengaluru]]
|[[Karnataka]]
|-
|[[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|[[Cuttack]]
|[[Odisha]]
|-
|[[Sesa Football Academy (women)|Sesa]]
|[[Sircaim]]
|[[Goa]]
|-
|[[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|[[Madurai]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|-
|[[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]
|[[Kolkata]]
|[[West Bengal]]
|}

{{notelist}}

=== Personnel and sponsorships ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left
|-
!scope=col| Team
!scope=col| Head coach
!scope=col| Captain
!scope=col| Kit manufacturer
!scope=col| Shirt sponsor
|-
|[[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|IND}} [[Anthony Andrews (football manager)|Anthony Andrews]]
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|UGA}} Resty Nanziri
|Trak Only
|[[Emami]]
|-
|[[Garhwal United FC|Garhwal United]]
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|IND}} Akshay Unni
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|IND}} [[Sanfida Nongrum]]
|[[Nivia Sports|Nivia]]
|[[Infinix Mobile|Infinix]], [[Itel Mobile|Itel]], M3M, Techno
|-
|{{nowrap|[[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]}}
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|IND}} [[Raman Vijayan]]
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|IND}} [[Roja Devi Asem]]
|Flyhigh
|[[Reporter TV]], Sree Gokulam
|-
|[[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|IND}} [[Chaoba Devi Langam]]
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|IND}} Linthoingambi Devi Wangkhem
|Sweat
|Amagi
|-
|[[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|IND}} Paromita Sit
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|IND}} [[Pyari Xaxa]]
|KTH
|Falcon Charity Foundation
|-
|[[Sesa Football Academy (women)|Sesa]]
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|IND}} Nicholas Rodrigues
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|IND}} Aaroshi Govekar
|AG
|[[Vedanta Limited|Vedanta]]
|-
|[[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|IND}} Manoj Joshi
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|NEP}} [[Anjila Tumbapo Subba]]
|Snugly Couture
|Cosco, De Shayra Skinz, [[Ponnaiyah Ramajayam Institute of Science and Technology|PRIST]], [[Sethu Institute of Technology|SIT]]
|-
|[[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|IND}} [[Sujata Kar]]
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|IND}} [[Grace Dangmei]]
|Trak Only
|Athlead Sports School, Cosco, Purti
|}

== Foreign players ==
Teams allowed to register maximum of three foreign players. All three can be part of the starting lineup.

Players name in '''bold''' indicates that the player was registered during the mid-season transfer window.

{| class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align: left
|-
!style="text-align:center;"|Club
!style="text-align:center;"|Player 1
!style="text-align:center;"|Player 2
!style="text-align:center;"|Player 3
!style="text-align:center;"|Former player(s)
|-
|[[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|UGA}} [[Fazila Ikwaput]]
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|UGA}} Resty Nanziri
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|GHA}} Abena Anoma Opoku
| style="text-align: center;" | —
|-
|[[Garhwal United FC|Garhwal United]]
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|GHA}} Ernestina Tetteh
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|GHA}} '''Elizabeth Danso'''
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|GHA}} '''Catherine Arthur'''
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|GHA}} Joyce Larbi
|-
|{{nowrap|[[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]}}
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|KEN}} [[Phoeby Okech]]
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|CMR}} '''Sorelle Hornella Metiefangtagne'''
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|NGR}} '''[[Emueje Ogbiagbevha]]'''
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|GHA}} Sandra Atinga {{#invoke:flag|icon|MOZ}} [[Ninika]]
|-
|[[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|NGR}} [[Emem Essien]]
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|NEP}} '''[[Saru Limbu]]'''
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|NEP}} '''[[Renuka Nagarkote]]'''
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|NGR}} Rafiat Titilayo Aweda {{#invoke:flag|icon|NGR}} Loveth Njideka Edeh
|-
|[[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|GHA}} Sussana Konadu
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|GHA}} Matilda Kwao
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|KEN}} '''Elizabeth Kioko Katungwa'''
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|TOG}} [[Amiratou N'djambara]]
|-
|[[Sesa Football Academy (women)|Sesa]]
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|KEN}} Bertha Adhiambo Omita
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|BHU}} '''Sangita Monger'''
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|KEN}} '''Maurine Achieng'''
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|GHA}} Diana Antwi {{#invoke:flag|icon|GHA}} Beatrice Ntiwaa Nketia
|-
|[[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|NEP}} [[Anjila Tumbapo Subba]]
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|GHA}} Abigail Antwi
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|GHA}} Doreen Graham
| style="text-align: center;" | —
|-
|[[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|GHA}} Felicia Daw Owusu
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|GHA}} '''[[Philomena Abakah]]'''
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|GHA}} '''Veronica Appiah'''
|{{#invoke:flag|icon|GHA}} Priscilla Lartey
|}

== League table ==
<onlyinclude>
{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL
|res_col_header=QR
|sortable_table=n
|source=[https://indianfootballleague.in/points-table/iwl/ IFL]
|update=6 May 2026


|team_order= EAB, SET, NIT, GOK, KST, SRB, GWL, SES


|win_EAB=9 |draw_EAB= |loss_EAB=1 |gf_EAB=32 |ga_EAB=5
|win_GWL=2 |draw_GWL=3 |loss_GWL=5 |gf_GWL=11 |ga_GWL=20
|win_GOK=3 |draw_GOK=4 |loss_GOK=3 |gf_GOK=14 |ga_GOK=14
|win_KST=4 |draw_KST=1 |loss_KST=5 |gf_KST=12 |ga_KST=18
|win_NIT=4 |draw_NIT=3 |loss_NIT=3 |gf_NIT=19 |ga_NIT=15
|win_SES= |draw_SES=2 |loss_SES=8 |gf_SES=5 |ga_SES=35
|win_SET=7 |draw_SET=1 |loss_SET=2 |gf_SET=23 |ga_SET=10
|win_SRB=3 |draw_SRB=2 |loss_SRB=5 |gf_SRB=19 |ga_SRB=18



|name_EAB=[[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|name_GWL=[[Garhwal United FC|Garhwal United]]
|name_GOK=[[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|name_KST=[[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|name_NIT=[[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|name_SES=[[Sesa Football Academy (women)|Sesa]]
|name_SET=[[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|name_SRB=[[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]


|result1=ACPO |result7=R |result8=R


|show_limit=5
|class_rules=1) points; 2) head-to-head points; 3) head-to-head goal difference; 4) goal difference; 5) number of goals scored; 6)drawing of lots


|col_ACPO=green1
|text_ACPO=Qualification for [[2026–27 AFC Women's Champions League|AFC Champions League]]
|col_R=red1
|text_R=Relegation to [[2026–27 Indian Women's League 2|Indian Women's League 2]]
}}</onlyinclude>

== Results ==

=== Fixtures and results ===
{{#invoke:sports results|main
|matches_style=FBR|solid_cell=grey
|team1=EAB|team2=GWU|team3=GOK|team4=KST|team5=NIT|team6=SES|team7=SET|team8=SRI

|name_EAB=[[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|match_EAB_GWU=2-1
|match_EAB_GOK=2-1
|match_EAB_KST=1-2
|match_EAB_NIT=
|match_EAB_SES=9-0
|match_EAB_SET=1-0
|match_EAB_SRI=3-1

|name_GWU=[[Garhwal United FC|Garhwal United]]
|match_GWU_EAB=
|match_GWU_GOK=2-6
|match_GWU_KST=
|match_GWU_NIT=0-1
|match_GWU_SES=3-1
|match_GWU_SET=
|match_GWU_SRI=0-3

|name_GOK=[[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|match_GOK_EAB=0-3
|match_GOK_GWU=1-1
|match_GOK_KST=1-0
|match_GOK_NIT=
|match_GOK_SES=3-0
|match_GOK_SET=
|match_GOK_SRI=0-4

|name_KST=[[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|match_KST_EAB=0-5
|match_KST_GWU=0-1
|match_KST_GOK=
|match_KST_NIT=0-5
|match_KST_SES=3-1
|match_KST_SET=
|match_KST_SRI=2-1

|name_NIT=[[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|match_NIT_EAB=0-5
|match_NIT_GWU=0-0
|match_NIT_GOK=1-1
|match_NIT_KST=1-1
|match_NIT_SES=6-1
|match_NIT_SET=1-3
|match_NIT_SRI=3-2

|name_SES=[[Sesa Football Academy (women)|Sesa]]
|match_SES_EAB=
|match_SES_GWU=
|match_SES_GOK=0-0
|match_SES_KST=0-3
|match_SES_NIT=
|match_SES_SET=0-5
|match_SES_SRI=2-2

|name_SET=[[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|match_SET_EAB=0-1
|match_SET_GWU=4-1
|match_SET_GOK=1-1
|match_SET_KST=2-1
|match_SET_NIT=2-1
|match_SET_SES=
|match_SET_SRI=2-1

|name_SRI=[[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]
|match_SRI_EAB=
|match_SRI_GWU=2-2
|match_SRI_GOK=
|match_SRI_KST=
|match_SRI_NIT=
|match_SRI_SES=1-0
|match_SRI_SET=2-4

|update = 6 May 2026
|source = [https://indianfootballleague.in/points-table/iwl/ IFL]
}}

===Results by match===
The table lists the results of the teams after each match.
{{#invoke:sports rbr table|table|legendpos=b|header=Match
|team1=[[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|pos1=W/W/W/W/W/W/W/W/W/L////
|team2=[[Garhwal United FC|Garhwal United]]
|pos2=W/W/L/L/D/L/L/D/D/L////
|team3={{nobr|[[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]}}
|pos3=D/L/D/W/D/D/L/W/L/W////
|team4=[[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|pos4=L/L/L/L/W/L/W/D/W/W////
|team5=[[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|pos5=D/W/W/W/L/L/W/D/D/L////
|team6=[[Sesa Football Academy (women)|Sesa]]
|pos6=L/L/L/L/L/D/L/L/L/D////
|team7=[[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|pos7=W/L/D/W/W/W/W/L/W/W////
|team8=[[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]
|pos8=W/W/L/L/W/L/L/D/L/D////

|color_W = green2| text_W =Win
|color_D = yellow2| text_D =Draw
|color_L = red2| text_L =Loss
|update = 6 May 2026
|source = [https://indianfootballleague.in/points-table/iwl/ IFL]
}}

=== Positions by round ===
{{#invoke:sports rbr table|table|sortable=y|legendpos=br
|team1=[[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|team2={{nobr|[[Garhwal United FC|Garhwal United]]}}
|team3={{nobr|[[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]}}
|team4=[[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|team5=[[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|team6=[[Sesa Football Academy (women)|Sesa]]
|team7=[[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|team8=[[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]

| pos1=5/4/4/2/1/1/1/1/1/1//// 
| pos2=1/1/3/5/4/5/5/6/7/7//// 
| pos3=3/6/6/6/6/6/6/5/5/4//// 
| pos4=7/7/7/7/7/7/7/7/6/5//// 
| pos5=4/2/1/1/3/3/3/3/3/3//// 
| pos6=8/8/8/8/8/8/8/8/8/8//// 
| pos7=2/5/5/3/2/2/2/2/2/2//// 
| pos8=6/3/2/4/5/4/4/4/4/6//// 

|color_1= green1
|color_7= red1
|color_8= red1
|toptext= The table lists the positions of teams after each round mentioned in official fixtures.
|update = 6 May 2026
|source = [https://indianfootballleague.in/points-table/iwl/ IFL]
}}

== Matches ==
*''All times are in [[Time in India|IST]] (UTC+5:30).''

=== Round 1 ===
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 20 December 2025
|time = 09:00
|team1 = [[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|score = 2–1
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=60133 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/60133_Match_Summary_V1_1766209756.pdf Report]
|team2 = [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|goals1 =
*[[Kaviya Pakkirisamy|Kaviya]] {{goal|20}}
*[[Malavika Prasad|Malavika]] {{goal|50}}
|goals2 =
*[[Babysana Devi Thingbaijam|Thingbaijam]] {{goal|12}}
|stadium = [[National Center of Excellence]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 0
|referee = Neetu Rana
|potm = Ruchi Yadav (Sethu)
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 20 December 2025
|time = 15:00
|team1 = [[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|score = 1–1
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=60132 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/60132_Match_Summary_V1_1766230703.pdf Report]
|team2 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|goals1 =
*[[Neha Sillay|Sillay]] {{goal|40}}
|goals2 =
*[[Ninika]] {{goal|46}}
|stadium = [[Kalyani Stadium]]
|location = [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|attendance = 50
|referee = Pooja S.
|potm = [[Neha Sillay]] (Nita)
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 20 December 2025
|time = 15:00
|team1 = [[Garhwal United FC|Garhwal United]]
|score = 3–1
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=60131 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/60131_Match_Summary_V2_1766232147.pdf Report]
|team2 = [[Sesa Football Academy (women)|Sesa]]
|goals1 =
*[[Lhingdeikim Kipgen|Kipgen]] {{goal|12}}
*[[Sanfida Nongrum|Nongrum]] {{goal|15}}
*[[Deepika Pal|Pal]] {{goal|45+4}}
|goals2 =
*[[Sarjida Khatun|Khatun]] {{goal|89}}
|stadium = [[National Center of Excellence]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 0
|referee = Ruba Devi G.
|potm = [[Sanfida Nongrum]] (Garhwal United)
}}

=== Round 2 ===
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 24 December 2025
|time = 09:00
|team1 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|score = 0–4
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=60135 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/60135_Match_Summary_V1_1766554712.pdf Report]
|team2 = [[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*[[Grace Dangmei|Dangmei]] {{goal|4||59}}
*[[Rimpa Haldar|Haldar]] {{goal|66}}
*[[Anju Chanu Kayenpaibam|Kayenpaibam]] {{goal|77}}
|stadium = [[Kalyani Stadium]]
|location = [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|attendance = 40
|referee = Bishnupriya Das
|potm = [[Phoeby Okech]] (Gokulam Kerala)
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 24 December 2025
|time = 09:00
|team1 = [[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|score = 6–1
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=60138 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/60138_Match_Summary_V1_1766555979.pdf Report]
|team2 = [[Sesa Football Academy (women)|Sesa]]
|goals1 =
*[[Pyari Xaxa|Xaxa]] {{goal|1||71||74}}
*[[Bhumika Devi Khumukcham|Khumukcham]] {{goal|6}}
*[[Amiratou N'djambara|N'djambara]] {{goal|25||60}}
|goals2 =
*[[Diana Antwi|D. Antwi]] {{goal|90+3}}
|stadium = [[National Center of Excellence]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 20
|referee = Mahi Tudu
|potm = [[Pyari Xaxa]] (Nita)
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 24 December 2025
|time = 14:30
|team1 = [[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|score = 0–1
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=60136 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/60136_Match_Summary_V1_1766574275.pdf Report]
|team2 = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*[[Soumya Guguloth|Guguloth]] {{goal|77}}
|stadium = [[Kalyani Stadium]]
|location = [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|attendance = 100
|referee = Sen Hangma Subba
|potm = [[Soumya Guguloth]]
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 24 December 2025
|time = 14:30
|team1 = [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|score = 0–1
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=60137 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/60137_Match_Summary_V1_1766574559.pdf Report]
|team2 = [[Garhwal United FC|Garhwal United]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*[[Lhingdeikim Kipgen|Kipgen]] {{goal|79}}
|stadium = [[National Center of Excellence]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 25
|referee = Kusum Mandi
|potm = [[Lhingdeikim Kipgen]]
}}

=== Round 3 ===
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 27 December 2025
|time = 09:00
|team1 = [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|score = 0–5
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=60140 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/60140_Match_Summary_V1_1766813946.pdf Report]
|team2 = [[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*[[Pyari Xaxa|Xaxa]] {{goal|2||31||76}}
*[[Amiratou N'djambara|N'djambara]] {{goal|38}}
*[[Neha Sillay|Sillay]] {{goal|64}}
|stadium = [[National Center of Excellence]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 100
|referee = Singdha Mondal
|potm = [[Pyari Xaxa]] (Nita)
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 27 December 2025
|time = 09:00
|team1 = [[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]
|score = 1–0
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=60141 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/60141_Match_Summary_V1_1766813629.pdf Report]
|team2 = [[Sesa Football Academy (women)|Sesa]]
|goals1 =
*[[Anju Tamang|Tamang]] {{goal|20}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Kalyani Stadium]]
|location = [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|attendance = 30
|referee = Pooja S.
|potm = Mamta Verma (Sribhumi)
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 27 December 2025
|time = 14:30
|team1 = [[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|score = 1–1
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=60139 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/60139_Match_Summary_V1_1766833332.pdf Report]
|team2 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|goals1 =
*[[Kaviya Pakkirisamy|Kaviya]] {{goal|16}}
|goals2 =
*[[Muskan Subba|M. Subba]] {{goal|90+3}}
|stadium = [[National Center of Excellence]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 150
|referee = Neetu Rana
|potm = Muskan Subba (Gokulam Kerala)
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 27 December 2025
|time = 14:30
|team1 = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|score = 2–1
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=60142 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/60142_Match_Summary_V1_1766833792.pdf Report]
|team2 = [[Garhwal United FC|Garhwal United]]
|goals1 =
*[[Sulanjana Raul|Raul]] {{goal|22}}
*[[Fazila Ikwaput|Ikwaput]] {{goal|63}}
|goals2 =
*[[Monisha Singha|Singha]] {{goal|72}}
|stadium = [[Kalyani Stadium]]
|location = [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|attendance = 100
|referee = Ranjita Devi Tekcham
|potm = [[Astam Oraon]] (East Bengal)
}}

=== Round 4 ===
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 30 December 2025
|time = 09:00
|team1 = [[Garhwal United FC|Garhwal United]]
|score = 0–1
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=60145 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/60145_Match_Summary_V2_1767073455.pdf Report]
|team2 = [[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*Pyari Xaxa {{goal|7}}
|stadium = [[National Center of Excellence]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 50
|referee = Mahi Tudu
|potm = [[Neha Sillay]] (Nita)
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 30 December 2025
|time = 09:00
|team1 = [[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]
|score = 2–4
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=60143 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/60143_Match_Summary_V1_1767077422.pdf Report]
|team2 = [[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|goals1 =
*[[Karishma Shirvoikar|Shirvoikar]] {{goal|50||87}}
|goals2 =
*[[Lynda Kom|Kom]] {{goal|10||18||90+5|pen.}}
*[[Abigail Antwi|A. Antwi]] {{goal|46}}
|stadium = [[Kalyani Stadium]]
|location = [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|attendance = 50
|referee = Sen Hangma Subba
|potm = [[Lynda Kom]] (Sethu)
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 30 December 2025
|time = 14:30
|team1 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|score = 1–0
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=60144 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/60144_Match_Summary_V1_1767092823.pdf Report]
|team2 = [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|goals1 =
*[[Roja Devi Asem|Asem]] {{goal|52}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[National Center of Excellence]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 70
|referee = Ruba Devi G.
|potm = [[Roja Devi Asem]] (Gokulam Kerala)
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 30 December 2025
|time = 14:30
|team1 = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|score = 9–0
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=60146 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/60146_Match_Summary_V1_1767103839.pdf Report]
|team2 = [[Sesa Football Academy (women)|Sesa]]
|goals1 =
*[[Soumya Guguloth|Guguloth]] {{goal|6||54||86}}
*[[Fazila Ikwaput|Ikwaput]] {{goal|9||22||25||72}}
*[[Sulanjana Raul|Raul]] {{goal|18}}
*[[Resty Nanziri|Nanziri]] {{goal|40}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Kalyani Stadium]]
|location = [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|attendance = 300
|referee = Bishnupriya Das
|potm = [[Soumya Guguloth]] (East Bengal)
}}

=== Round 5 ===
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 2 January 2026
|time = 09:00
|team1 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|score = 1–1
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=60148 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/60148_Match_Summary_V1_1767332061.pdf Report]
|team2 = [[Garhwal United FC|Garhwal United]]
|goals1 =
*[[Shilji Shaji|Shilji]] {{goal|21}}
|goals2 =
*[[Deepika Pal|Pal]] {{goal|52}}
|stadium = [[National Center of Excellence]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 30
|referee = Pooja S.
|potm = Deepika Pal (Garhwal United)
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 2 January 2026
|time = 09:00
|team1 = [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|score = 2–1
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=60149 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/60149_Match_Summary_V1_1767333456.pdf Report]
|team2 = [[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]
|goals1 =
*[[Loveth Njideka Edeh|Edeh]] {{goal|81}}
*[[Babysana Devi Thingbaijam|Thingbaijam]] {{goal|85|pen.}}
|goals2 =
*[[Yumnam Kamala Devi|Yumnam]] {{goal|12|pen.}}
|stadium = [[Kalyani Stadium]]
|location = [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|attendance = 50
|referee = Neetu Rana
|potm = Babysana Devi Thingbaijam (Kickstart)
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 2 January 2026
|time = 14:30
|team1 = [[Sesa Football Academy (women)|Sesa]]
|score = 0–5
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=60147 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/60147_Match_Summary_V1_1767352059.pdf Report]
|team2 = [[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*[[Martina Thokchom|Thokchom]] {{goal|24}}
*[[Kaviya Pakkirisamy|Kaviya]] {{goal|27}}
*[[Babina Devi Lisham|Lisham]] {{goal|35}}
*[[Lynda Kom|Kom]] {{goal|65}}
*[[Ruchi Yadav|Yadav]] {{goal|72}}
|stadium = [[National Center of Excellence]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 40
|referee = Kusum Mandi
|potm = [[Malavika Prasad]] (Sethu)
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 2 January 2026
|time = 14:30
|team1 = [[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|score = 0–5
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=60150 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/60150_Match_Summary_V1_1767352037.pdf Report]
|team2 = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*[[Sulanjana Raul|Raul]] {{goal|6}}
*[[Soumya Guguloth|Guguloth]] {{goal|42}}
*[[Resty Nanziri|Nanziri]] {{goal|51}}
*[[Fazila Ikwaput|Ikwaput]] {{goal|63}}
*[[Priyangka Devi Naorem|Naorem]] {{goal|89}}
|stadium = [[Kalyani Stadium]]
|location = [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|attendance = 350
|referee = Ranjita Devi Tekcham
|potm = Resty Nanziri (East Bengal)
}}

=== Round 6 ===
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 6 January 2026
|time = 09:00
|team1 = [[Sesa Football Academy (women)|Sesa]]
|score = 0–0
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=60152 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/60152_Match_Summary_V1_1767678019.pdf Report]
|team2 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[National Center of Excellence]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 20
|referee = Bishnupriya Das
|potm = Baby Lalchhandami (Gokulam Kerala)
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 6 January 2026
|time = 10:00
|team1 = [[Garhwal United FC|Garhwal United]]
|score = 0–3
|report = https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=60151
|team2 = [[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*[[Thoibisana Chanu Toijam|Toijam]] {{goal|56}}
*[[Anju Chanu Kayenpaibam|Kayenpaibam]] {{goal|79}}
*[[Anju Tamang|Tamang]] {{goal|90+1}}
|stadium = [[Kalyani Stadium]]
|location = [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|attendance = 70
|referee = Ruba Devi G.
|potm = [[Anju Tamang]] (Sribhumi)
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 6 January 2026
|time = 14:30
|team1 = [[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|score = 2–1
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=60153 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/60153_Match_Summary_V1_1767697428.pdf Report]
|team2 = [[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|goals1 =
*[[Lynda Kom|Kom]] {{goal|72||81}}
|goals2 =
*[[Pyari Xaxa|Xaxa]] {{goal|7}}
|stadium = [[National Center of Excellence]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 50
|referee = Singdha Mondal
|potm = [[Lynda Kom]] (Sethu)
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 6 January 2026
|time = 14:30
|team1 = [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|score = 0–5
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=60154 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/60154_Match_Summary_V1_1767718813.pdf Report]
|team2 = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*[[Fazila Ikwaput|Ikwaput]] {{goal|15||73}}
*[[Resty Nanziri|Nanziri]] {{goal|45+2}}
*[[Sulanjana Raul|Raul]] {{goal|60}}
*[[Astam Oraon|Oraon]] {{goal|62}}
|stadium = [[Kalyani Stadium]]
|location = [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|attendance = 450
|referee = Sen Hangma Subba
|potm = [[Fazila Ikwaput]] (East Bengal)
}}

=== Round 7 ===
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 9 January 2026
|time = 09:00
|team1 = [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|score = 3–1
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=60157 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/60157_Match_Summary_V1_1767937356.pdf Report]
|team2 = [[Sesa Football Academy (women)|Sesa]]
|goals1 =
*[[Emem Peace Essien|Essien]] {{goal|2||61||90+3}}
|goals2 =
*[[Aniela Barretto|Barretto]] {{goal|17}}
|stadium = [[National Center of Excellence]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 25
|referee = Sen Hangma Subba
|potm = Emem Peace Essien (Kickstart)
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 9 January 2026
|time = 09:00
|team1 = [[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|score = 3–2
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=60158 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/60158_Match_Summary_V1_1767938363.pdf Report]
|team2 = [[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]
|goals1 =
*[[Karishma Shirvoikar|Shirvoikar]] {{goal|25|o.g.}}
*[[Pyari Xaxa|Xaxa]] {{goal|55||90}}
|goals2 =
*[[Anju Tamang|Tamang]] {{goal|45+2}}
*[[Karishma Shirvoikar|Shirvoikar]] {{goal|67}}
|stadium = [[Kalyani Stadium]]
|location = [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|attendance = 30
|referee = Pooja S.
|potm = [[Pyari Xaxa]] (Nita)
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 9 January 2026
|time = 14:30
|team1 = [[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|score = 4–1
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=60156 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/60156_Match_Summary_V1_1767956843.pdf Report]
|team2 = [[Garhwal United FC|Garhwal United]]
|goals1 =
*[[Dhurga Perumal|Dhurga]] {{goal|53}}
*[[Malavika Prasad|Malavika]] {{goal|60}}
*[[Lynda Kom|Kom]] {{goal|62}}
*[[Nirmala Devi Phanjoubam|Phanjoubam]] {{goal|74}}
|goals2 =
*[[Esther Tingjoukim|Tingjoukim]] {{goal|84}}
|stadium = [[National Center of Excellence]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 30
|referee = Mahi Tudu
|potm = Ruchi Yadav (Sethu)
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 9 January 2026
|time = 14:30
|team1 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|score = 0–3
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=60155 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/60155_Match_Summary_V1_1767957324.pdf Report]
|team2 = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*[[Fazila Ikwaput|Ikwaput]] {{goal|36}}
*[[Resty Nanziri|Nanziri]] {{goal|55}}
*[[Sulanjana Raul|Raul]] {{goal|76}}
|stadium = [[Kalyani Stadium]]
|location = [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|attendance = 300
|referee = Ranjita Devi Tekcham
|potm = [[Shilky Devi Hemam]] (East Bengal)
}}

=== Round 1 (cont.) ===
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 27 April 2026
|time = 16:00
|team1 = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|score = 3–1
|report = [https://indianfootballleague.in/match-details/?mid=60134 IFL] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/60134_Match_Summary_V1_1777293625.pdf Report]
|team2 = [[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]
|goals1 =
*[[Fazila Ikwaput|Ikwaput]] {{goal|37||46||60}}
|goals2 =
*[[Rimpa Haldar|Haldar]] {{goal|80}}
|stadium = [[East Bengal Ground]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 300
|referee = Ranjita Devi Tekcham
|potm = [[Fazila Ikwaput]] (East Bengal)
}}

=== Round 8 ===
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 30 April 2026
|time = 09:00
|team1 = [[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|score = 1–1
|report = [https://indianfootballleague.in/match-details/?mid=67398 IFL] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/67398_Match_Summary_V1_1777527280.pdf Report]
|team2 = [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|goals1 =
*[[Aruna Bag|Bag]] {{goal|85|o.g.}}
|goals2 =
*[[Kiran Pisda|Pisda]] {{goal|49}}
|stadium = [[National Center of Excellence]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 30
|referee = Rachana Kamani
|potm = [[Kiran Pisda]] (Kickstart)
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 30 April 2026
|time = 09:00
|team1 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|score = 3–0
|report = [https://indianfootballleague.in/match-details/?mid=67400 IFL] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/67400_Match_Summary_V1_1777527654.pdf Report]
|team2 = [[Sesa Football Academy (women)|Sesa]]
|goals1 =
*[[Roja Devi Asem|Asem]] {{goal|45+3}}
*[[Emueje Ogbiagbevha|Ogbiagbevha]] {{goal|79}}
*[[Shilji Shaji|Shaji]] {{goal|87}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[East Bengal Ground]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 25
|referee = Mahi Tudu
|potm = [[Roja Devi Asem]] (Gokulam Kerala)
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 30 April 2026
|time = 15:00
|team1 = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|score = 1–0
|report = [https://indianfootballleague.in/match-details/?mid=67401 IFL] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/67401_Match_Summary_V1_1777549025.pdf Report]
|team2 = [[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|goals1 =
*[[Fazila Ikwaput|Ikwaput]] {{goal|64}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[East Bengal Ground]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 150
|referee = Bishnupriya Das
|potm = [[Malavika Prasad]] (Sethu)
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 30 April 2026
|time = 15:00
|team1 = [[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]
|score = 2–2
|report = [https://indianfootballleague.in/match-details/?mid=67399 IFL] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/67399_Match_Summary_V1_1777548927.pdf Report]
|team2 = [[Garhwal United FC|Garhwal United]]
|goals1 =
*[[Sibani Devi Nongmeikapam|Nongmeikapam]] {{goal|71|pen.}}
*[[Rimpa Haldar|Haldar]] {{goal|80}}
|goals2 =
*[[Esther Tingjoukim|Tingjoukim]] {{goal|7}}
*[[Elizabeth Danso|Danso]] {{goal|8}}
|stadium = [[National Center of Excellence]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 30
|referee = Pooja S.
|potm = [[Rimpa Haldar]] (Sribhumi)
}}

=== Round 9 ===
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 3 May 2026
|time = 16:00
|team1 = [[Sesa Football Academy (women)|Sesa]]
|score = 0–3
|report = [https://indianfootballleague.in/match-details/?mid=67402 IFL] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/67402_Match_Summary_V1_1777811355.pdf Report]
|team2 = [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*[[Emem Essien|Essien]] {{goal|17}}
*[[Saru Limbu|Limbu]] {{goal|29}}
*[[Babysana Devi Thingbaijam|Thingbaijam]] {{goal|67|pen.}}
|stadium = [[National Center of Excellence]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 30
|referee = Ranjita Devi Tekcham
|potm = [[Emem Essien]] (Kickstart)
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 3 May 2026
|time = 16:00
|team1 = [[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|score = 2–1
|report = [https://indianfootballleague.in/match-details/?mid=67404 IFL] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/67404_Match_Summary_V1_1777811551.pdf Report]
|team2 = [[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]
|goals1 =
*[[Sumati Kumari|S. Kumari]] {{goal|13}}
*[[Lynda Kom|Kom]] {{goal|20}}
|goals2 =
*[[Philomena Abakah|Abakah]] {{goal|38|pen.}}
|stadium = [[East Bengal Ground]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 40
|referee = Neetu Rana
|potm = [[Malavika Prasad]] (Sethu)
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 3 May 2026
|time = 20:00
|team1 = [[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|score = 0–0
|report = [https://indianfootballleague.in/match-details/?mid=67403 IFL] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/67403_Match_Summary_V1_1777826065.pdf Report]
|team2 = [[Garhwal United FC|Garhwal United]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[National Center of Excellence]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 20
|referee = Snigdha Mondal
|potm = [[Jasoda Munda]] (Nita)
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 3 May 2026
|time = 20:00
|team1 = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|score = 2–1
|report = [https://indianfootballleague.in/match-details/?mid=67405 IFL] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/67405_Match_Summary_V1_1777826484.pdf Report]
|team2 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|goals1 =
*[[Fazila Ikwaput|Ikwaput]] {{goal|6||65}}
|goals2 =
*[[Shubhangi Singh|S. Singh]] {{goal|70}}
|stadium = [[East Bengal Ground]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 100
|referee = Ruba Devi G.
|potm = [[Fazila Ikwaput]] (East Bengal)
}}

=== Round 10 ===
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 6 May 2026
|time = 16:00
|team1 = [[Garhwal United FC|Garhwal United]]
|score = 2–6
|report = [https://indianfootballleague.in/match-details/?mid=67406 IFL] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/67406_Match_Summary_V1_1778070992.pdf Report]
|team2 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|goals1 =
*[[Sanfida Nongrum|Nongrum]] {{goal|16}}
*[[Shruti Kumari|S. Kumari]] {{goal|27}}
|goals2 =
*[[Emueje Ogbiagbevha|Ogbiagbevha]] {{goal|11||42}}
*[[Theertha Lakshmi E|Theertha Lakshmi]] {{goal|22}}
*[[Muskan Subba|M. Subba]] {{goal|70}}
*[[Th. Sahena|Sahena]] {{goal|90+3}}
*[[Priyanka Kashyap|Kashyap]] {{goal|90+5}}
|stadium = [[National Center of Excellence]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 16
|referee = Mahi Tudu
|potm = [[Emueje Ogbiagbevha]] (Gokulam Kerala)
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 6 May 2026
|time = 16:00
|team1 = [[Sesa Football Academy (women)|Sesa]]
|score = 2–2
|report = [https://indianfootballleague.in/match-details/?mid=67408 IFL] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/67408_Match_Summary_V1_1778071048.pdf Report]
|team2 = [[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]
|goals1 =
*[[Bertha Adhiambo Omita|Omita]] {{goal|37}}
*[[Aniela Barretto|Barretto]] {{goal|55}}
|goals2 =
*[[Bala Devi Ngangom|Ngangom]] {{goal|47||84}}
|stadium = [[East Bengal Ground]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 30
|referee = Pooja S.
|potm = [[Bala Devi Ngangom]] (Sribhumi)
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 6 May 2026
|time = 20:00
|team1 = [[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|score = 1–3
|report = [https://indianfootballleague.in/match-details/?mid=67407 IFL] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/67407_Match_Summary_V1_1778088328.pdf Report]
|team2 = [[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|goals1 =
*[[Neha Sillay|Sillay]] {{goal|17}}
|goals2 =
*[[Malavika Prasad|Prasad]] {{goal|64||81}}
*[[Ruchi Yadav|Yadav]] {{goal|72}}
|stadium = [[National Center of Excellence]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 16
|referee = Ranjita Devi Tekcham
|potm = [[Malavika Prasad]] (Sethu)
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 6 May 2026
|time = 20:00
|team1 = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|score = 1–2
|report = [https://indianfootballleague.in/match-details/?mid=67409 IFL] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/67409_Match_Summary_V1_1778087085.pdf Report]
|team2 = [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|goals1 =
*[[Fazila Ikwaput|Ikwaput]] {{goal|7}}
|goals2 =
*[[Emem Essien|Essien]] {{goal|16}}
*[[Babysana Devi Thingbaijam|Thingbaijam]] {{goal|58}}
|stadium = [[East Bengal Ground]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 100
|referee = Rachana Hasmukh Kamani
|potm =
}}

=== Round 11 ===
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 9 May 2026
|time = 16:00
|team1 = [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|score =
|report = [https://indianfootballleague.in/match-details/?mid=67410 IFL]
|team2 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[National Center of Excellence]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|potm =
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 9 May 2026
|time = 16:00
|team1 = [[Sesa Football Academy (women)|Sesa]]
|score =
|report = [https://indianfootballleague.in/match-details/?mid=67412 IFL]
|team2 = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[East Bengal Ground]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|potm =
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 9 May 2026
|time = 20:00
|team1 = [[Garhwal United FC|Garhwal United]]
|score =
|report = [https://indianfootballleague.in/match-details/?mid=67411 IFL]
|team2 = [[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[National Center of Excellence]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|potm =
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 9 May 2026
|time = 20:00
|team1 = [[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]
|score =
|report = [https://indianfootballleague.in/match-details/?mid=67413 IFL]
|team2 = [[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[East Bengal Ground]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|potm =
}}

=== Round 12 ===
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 12 May 2026
|time = 16:00
|team1 = [[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|score =
|report = [https://indianfootballleague.in/match-details/?mid=67414 IFL]
|team2 = [[Sesa Football Academy (women)|Sesa]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[National Center of Excellence]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|potm =
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 12 May 2026
|time = 16:00
|team1 = [[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]
|score =
|report = [https://indianfootballleague.in/match-details/?mid=67416 IFL]
|team2 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[East Bengal Ground]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|potm =
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 12 May 2026
|time = 20:00
|team1 = [[Garhwal United FC|Garhwal United]]
|score =
|report = [https://indianfootballleague.in/match-details/?mid=67415 IFL]
|team2 = [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[National Center of Excellence]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|potm =
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 12 May 2026
|time = 20:00
|team1 = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|score =
|report = [https://indianfootballleague.in/match-details/?mid=67417 IFL]
|team2 = [[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[East Bengal Ground]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|potm =
}}

=== Round 13 ===
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 15 May 2026
|time = 16:00
|team1 = [[Sesa Football Academy (women)|Sesa]]
|score =
|report = [https://indianfootballleague.in/match-details/?mid=67418 IFL]
|team2 = [[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[National Center of Excellence]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|potm =
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 15 May 2026
|time = 16:00
|team1 = [[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]
|score =
|report = [https://indianfootballleague.in/match-details/?mid=67420 IFL]
|team2 = [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[East Bengal Ground]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|potm =
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 15 May 2026
|time = 20:00
|team1 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|score =
|report = [https://indianfootballleague.in/match-details/?mid=67419 IFL]
|team2 = [[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[National Center of Excellence]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|potm =
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 15 May 2026
|time = 20:00
|team1 = [[Garhwal United FC|Garhwal United]]
|score =
|report = [https://indianfootballleague.in/match-details/?mid=67421 IFL]
|team2 = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[East Bengal Ground]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|potm =
}}

=== Round 14 ===
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 18 May 2026
|time = 16:00
|team1 = [[Sesa Football Academy (women)|Sesa]]
|score =
|report = [https://indianfootballleague.in/match-details/?mid=67422 IFL]
|team2 = [[Garhwal United FC|Garhwal United]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[National Center of Excellence]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|potm =
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 18 May 2026
|time = 16:00
|team1 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|score =
|report = [https://indianfootballleague.in/match-details/?mid=67424 IFL]
|team2 = [[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[East Bengal Ground]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|potm =
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 18 May 2026
|time = 20:00
|team1 = [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|score =
|report = [https://indianfootballleague.in/match-details/?mid=67423 IFL]
|team2 = [[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[National Center of Excellence]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|potm =
}}
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main
|date = 18 May 2026
|time = 20:00
|team1 = [[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]
|score =
|report = [https://indianfootballleague.in/match-details/?mid=67425 IFL]
|team2 = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[East Bengal Ground]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|potm =
}}

== Season statistics ==
{{Updated|6 May 2026}}

=== Top scorers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!Rank
!Player
!Club
!Goals
|-
|rowspan="1" |1
|align=left|{{flagicon|UGA}} [[Fazila Ikwaput]]
|align=left|East Bengal
|rowspan="1" |16
|-
|rowspan="1" |2
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Pyari Xaxa]]
|align=left|Nita
|rowspan="1" |10
|-
|rowspan="1" |3
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Lynda Kom]]
|align=left|Sethu
|rowspan="1" |8
|-
|rowspan="3" |4
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Soumya Guguloth]]
|align=left|East Bengal
|rowspan="3" |5
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sulanjana Raul]]
|align=left|East Bengal
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|NGR}} [[Emem Essien]]
|align=left|Kickstart
|-
|rowspan="3" |7
|align=left|{{flagicon|UGA}} Resty Nanziri
|align=left|East Bengal
|rowspan="3" |4
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} Babysana Devi Thingbaijam
|align=left|Kickstart
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Malavika Prasad]]
|align=left|Sethu
|-
|rowspan="5" |10
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kaviya Pakkirisamy]]
|align=left|Sethu
|rowspan="5" |3
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rimpa Haldar]]
|align=left|Sribhumi
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Karishma Shirvoikar]]
|align=left|Sribhumi
|}

===Hat-tricks===
{| class="wikitable"
! Player
! For
! Against
! style="text-align:center" | Result
! Date
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Pyari Xaxa]]
| Nita
| Sesa
| style="text-align:center" |6–1 (H)
| 24 December 2025
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Pyari Xaxa]]
| Nita
| Kickstart
| style="text-align:center" |5–0 (A)
| 27 December 2025
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Lynda Kom]]
| Sethu
| Sribhumi
| style="text-align:center" |4–2 (A)
| 30 December 2025
|-
| {{flagicon|UGA}} [[Fazila Ikwaput]]
| East Bengal
| Sesa
| style="text-align:center" |9–0 (H)
| 30 December 2025
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Soumya Guguloth]]
| East Bengal
| Sesa
| style="text-align:center" |9–0 (H)
| 30 December 2025
|-
| {{flagicon|NGR}} [[Emem Essien]]
| Kickstart
| Sesa
| style="text-align:center" |3–1 (H)
| 9 January 2026
|-
| {{flagicon|UGA}} [[Fazila Ikwaput]]
| East Bengal
| Sribhumi
| style="text-align:center" |3–1 (H)
| 27 April 2026
|}

;Notes
*(H) – Home team
*(A) – Away team

=== Clean sheets ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:"center"
!Rank
!Player
!Club
!Clean sheets
|-
|rowspan="1" align="center" |1
|align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Panthoi Chanu Elangbam]]
|align="left" |East Bengal
|rowspan="1" align="center" |6
|-
|rowspan="2" align="center" |2
|align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Monalisha Devi Moirangthem]]
|align="left" |Sribhumi
|rowspan="2" align="center" |3
|-
|align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} Adrija Sarkhel
|align="left" |Nita
|-
|rowspan="2" align="center" |3
|align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ribansi Jamu]]
|align="left" |Garhwal United
|rowspan="2" align="center" |2
|-
|align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} Melody Chanu Keisham
|align="left" |Gokulam Kerala
|-
|rowspan="5" align="center" |4
|align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Shreya Hooda]]
|align="left" |Gokulam Kerala
|rowspan="5" align="center" |1
|-
|align="left" |{{flagicon|NEP}} [[Anjila Tumbapo Subba]]
|align="left" |Sethu
|-
|align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} Hempriya Seram
|align="left" |Sethu
|-
|align="left" |{{flagicon|GHA}} Beatrice Ntiwaa Nketia
|align="left" |Sesa
|-
|align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} Aishwarya A.
|align="left" |Kickstart
|}

== Awards ==
{{section empty|date=March 2026}}

== See also ==
*'''Men'''
** [[2025–26 Indian Super League]] (Tier I)
** [[2025–26 Indian Football League]] (Tier II)
** [[2025–26 I-League 2]] (Tier III)
** [[2025–26 I-League 3]] (Tier IV)
** [[2025–26 Indian State Leagues]](Tier V)
** [[2025–26 AIFF Super Cup]]
** [[2025 Durand Cup]]
** [[2026 Reliance Foundation Development League]]
*'''Women'''
** [[2025–26 Indian Women's League 2]]

== References ==
<references />

{{Portal|Women's association football}}
{{Indian Women's League}}
{{Indian women's football league seasons}}
{{2025–26 in Indian football}}
{{2025–26 in Asian women's football (AFC)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Indian Women's League}}
[[Category:Indian Women's League seasons|2025–26]]
[[Category:2025–26 in Indian women's football leagues|1]]
[[Category:2025–26 in Asian women's top-tier association football leagues|India]]

Mohan Verma

2026-04-29T19:56:00Z

Srcsdoon: created the details first draft

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1975)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Mohan Verma
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1975|2|15}}
| birth_place = [[Kushinagar]], Uttar Pradesh
| constituency = [[Hata Assembly constituency|Hata]]
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = March 2022
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Pawan Kedia]]
| successor =
| father = Ram Nayan Verma
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| profession = Politician
}}
'''Mohan Verma''' is an Indian politician and a member of the [[18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]] from the [[Hata Assembly constituency]] of the [[Kushinagar district]].<ref name="UPLA">{{Cite web |url=https://uplegisassembly.gov.in/Members/main_members_en.aspx#/Data/18334/18 |title=Members of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly |publisher=[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ourneta.com/neta/mohan-verma/ |title=Mohan Verma, BJP MLA from Hata |website=ourneta.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/kushinagar/hata/news/hata-mla-mohan-verma-raised-the-issue-said-need-for-trauma-center-bus-stand-and-market-129867635.html |title=विधासभा में रौली बाजार को नगर पंचायत बनाने की मांग:हाटा विधायक मोहन वर्मा ने उठाया मुद्दा, बोले- ट्रामा सेंटर, बस स्टैंड और मंडी की जरूरत |language=hi |publisher=[[Dainik Bhaskar]]}}</ref> He is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref name="UPLA"/><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/gorakhpur-city-bjp-candidate-mohan-verma-is-crorepati-22448382.html |title=करोड़पति हैं भाजपा प्रत्याशी मोहन वर्मा |language=hi |publisher=[[Amar Ujala]]}}</ref>

==Early life==

Mohan Verma was born on 15 February 1975 in [[Kushinagar]], Uttar Pradesh, to a [[Hindu]] family of Ram Nayan Verma.<ref name="UPLA"/> He married Saroj Verma on 12 December 1997, and they have three children.<ref name="UPLA"/>

== See also ==

* [[Hata Assembly constituency]]
* [[18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]]
* [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Portal bar|India|Politics}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Verma, Mohan}}

[[Category:1975 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:People from Kushinagar]]
[[Category:Indian political people]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]

{{UttarPradesh-BJP-politician-stub}}

Koona Ravi Kumar

2026-04-24T20:35:06Z

Srcsdoon: New A Bio

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Koona Ravi Kumar
| office1 = Member of the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start1 = 2024
| predecessor1 = [[Thammineni Seetharam]]
| constituency1 = [[Amadalavalasa Assembly constituency|Amadalavalasa]]
| office2 = Member of the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency2 = [[Amadalavalasa Assembly constituency|Amadalavalasa]]
| predecessor2 = Boddepalli Satyavathi
| successor2 = [[Thammineni Seetharam]]
| term_start2 = 2014
| term_end2 = 2019
| party = [[Telugu Desam Party]]
| birth_date =
}}
'''Koona Ravi Kumar''' is an Indian politician from [[Andhra Pradesh]]. He is a member of [[Telugu Desam Party]]. He has been elected as the [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] representing the [[Amadalavalasa Assembly constituency]] in [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]s.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-04 |title=Amadalavalasa Assembly Election Result 2024: Koona Ravi Kumar leading by 27,173 votes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/visakhapatnam/amadalavalasa-election-result-2024-andhra-pradesh-amadalavalasa-assembly-election-poll-results-updates/articleshow/110665716.cms |access-date=2024-06-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Amadalavalasa Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights: Assembly Winner, Loser, Leading, Trailing, MLA, Margin |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/amadalavalasa-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-assembly-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8916850.html |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ravi Kumar, Koona}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Telugu Desam Party politicians]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2024–2029]]

{{TDP-politician-stub}}

Sunand Prasad

2026-04-19T20:14:10Z

Srcsdoon: starting first post v1 - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox architect
|image =
|caption =
|name =Sunand Prasad
|honorific_suffix ={{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|OBE}}
|birth_date =1950
|birth_place =Sevagram, India
|death_date =
|death_place =
|practice =Penoyre & Prasad LLP
|significant_buildings=
|significant_projects =
|awards =
}}

'''Sunand Prasad''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|OBE}} (born 1950, in [[Sevagram]], India) is a British architect and senior partner of [[architectural practice]] [[Penoyre & Prasad]], a multi sectoral practice with an internationally recognised profile in [[health]], [[education]] and civic buildings. He is a past President of the [[Royal Institute of British Architects]] (RIBA).

==Early life and education==
Prasad was brought up in central India and came with his family to the UK in 1962 when he was 12 years old.<ref name="about">[http://www.sunandprasad.com/about-me/ About me], Sunand Prasad election website www.sunandprasad.com. Retrieved 2012-02-06.</ref> He was educated at the [[University of Cambridge]], The [[Architectural Association School of Architecture|Architectural Association]] and obtained a PhD from the [[Royal College of Art]].<ref name="about" />

==Career==
Prasad co-founded [[Penoyre & Prasad]] in 1988<ref name="Guardian 07-2009">Guardian website ''[https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2009/jul/13/sunand-prasad-architect-riba Portrait of the artist: Sunand Prasad, architect]'' 13 July 2009 (retrieved 2011-10-19)</ref> with Greg Penoyre.

In 2008 Prasad was appointed a member of the Mayor's Design Advisory Panel for London. He served two terms as a member of the [[Mayor of London]]’s [[Fourth Plinth]] Commissioning Group helping select art works for [[Trafalgar Square]].

He is a trustee of the think tank [[Centre for Cities]] and of [[Article 25]], a charity set up in response to the [[2005 Indian Ocean earthquake]] and is currently President of the Architects Benevolent Society.

From 2007 to 2009 Prasad was President of the [[RIBA]].<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110118095356/http://www.cabe.org.uk/news/commissioner-elected-as-next-riba-president CABE press release 25 July 2006]}}</ref>

He has campaigned on issues relating to [[climate change]] and the built environment and was listed 26th in the ''Independent's'' 2008 Green List.<ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/green-living/the-iiosi-green-list-britains-top-100-environmentalists-958711.html?action=Gallery&ino=26 Independent on Sunday October 2008]{{dead link|date=August 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}{{full citation needed|date=January 2014}}</ref>

In 2008 as part of the [[Cape Farewell, UK|Cape Farewell]] programme, Prasad travelled to Greenland with a team of artists and scientists, creating an [[art installation]] that has been exhibited through the travelling exhibition 'Unfold'. He became a Trustee of Cape Farewell in 2010.

Prasad was a founding Commissioner of the UK Government's [[Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment]] (CABE); launched its Enabling Programme and later led its work on Skills. He was involved in the development of the [[Construction Industry Council (United Kingdom)|Construction Industry Council]]’s [[Design Quality Indicator]].

Prasad has campaigned for an equitable and effective climate treaty. He was a member of the Steering Committee of the UK Government's Innovation & Growth Team on Low Carbon construction which reported in November 2010.

Prasad has contributed extensively to books and journals on a variety of subjects. He has been involved in teaching, lecturing and acting as an external examiner.

Already [[Member of the Order of the British Empire]] (MBE), he was appointed [[Officer of the Order of the British Empire]] (OBE) in the [[2023 Birthday Honours]] for services to regeneration.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=64082|supp=y|page=B15|date=17 June 2023}}</ref>

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.penoyreprasad.com/ Penoyre & Prasad website]
*[http://www.article-25.org/ Article 25 website]
*http://www.capefarewell.com/
*[http://www.architecture.com/ Royal Institute of British Architects]
*[http://www.dqi.org.uk/ Design Quality Indicator]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prasad, Sunand}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:20th-century British architects]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian architects]]
[[Category:Architects from London]]
[[Category:Artists from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:English company founders]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:People from Wardha district]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Royal Institute of British Architects]]
[[Category:Alumni of the Royal College of Art]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Cambridge]]
[[Category:Alumni of the Architectural Association School of Architecture]]

Ballabgarh Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:38:46Z

Srcsdoon: put up a details!

{{Short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Haryana State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = SLA
| map_image = Ballabgarh Assembly constituency map.svg
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| alliance = 
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| region =
| division =
| constituency_no = 88
| established = 
| abolished = 
| name = Ballabhgarh
| mla = [[Mool Chand Sharma]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| state = [[Haryana]]
| district = [[Faridabad district|Faridabad]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Faridabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Faridabad]]
| reservation = None
| electors = 2,72,434
}}

'''Ballabhgarh Assembly constituency''' is one of the 90 [[Haryana Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Haryana]] state in [[India]].<ref name=eci1>{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |publisher=The Election Commission of India |pages=6, 148–157}}</ref>

It is part of [[Faridabad district|Faridabad]] district.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || T. Ram || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1968]] || rowspan="2" | Sharda Rani
|-
| [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
| [[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || Ch. Rajinder Singh Bisla || {{party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1982]] || Sharda Rani || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1987]] || Yogesh Chand Sharma || {{Full party name with color|Lokdal}}
|-
| [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1991]] || Ch. Rajinder Singh Bisla || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1996]] || Anand Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2000]] || Ch. Rajinder Singh Bisla || {{party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2005]] || rowspan=2 | Sharda Rathore || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
|-
| [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2014]] || rowspan=3 | [[Mool Chand Sharma]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|-
| [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2024===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Ballabgarh<ref>{{cite web|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/statewiseS071.htm |title=State wise result |work=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=8 October 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Mool Chand Sharma]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=61,806 |percentage=42.16 |change={{decrease}}12.26 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sharda Rathore |party=Independent politician |votes=44,076 |percentage=30.06 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rao Ram Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=23,077 |percentage=15.74 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Parag Sharma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,674 |percentage=5.92 |change={{decrease}}14.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ravindra Faujdar |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=6,634 |percentage=4.52 |change={{increase}}2.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=1,034 |percentage=0.71 |change={{decrease}}0.53 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=17,730 |percentage=12.09 |change= {{decrease}}21.93 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,46,610 |percentage=53.36 |change= {{increase}}1.97 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,72,434 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.18 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}12.26 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Ballabgarh<ref name=results2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11697-haryana-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Haryana Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 - Haryana - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in |access-date= 2 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Mool Chand Sharma]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=66,708 |percentage=54.42 |change={{decrease}}2.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anand Kaushik |party=Indian National Congress |votes=24,995 |percentage=20.39 |change={{increase}}7.22 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Deepak Choudhary |party=Independent politician |votes=18,542 |percentage=15.13 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Arun Visala |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=4,066 |percentage=3.32 |change={{decrease}}4.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hariender Kumar |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=2,461 |percentage=2.01 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rohtash |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=2,110 |percentage=1.72 |change={{decrease}}9.88 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=1,512 |percentage=1.23 |change={{increase}}0.46 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kok Chand |party=Loktanter Suraksha Party |votes=787 |percentage=0.64 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=41,713 |percentage=34.03 |change= {{decrease}}9.73 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,22,587 |percentage=51.39 |change= {{decrease}}8.97 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,38,540 |ref = |change= {{increase}}18.66 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}2.51 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Ballabgarh<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/PartyWiseResultS07.htm?st=S07|title=Haryana Results|access-date=19 October 2014|archive-date=16 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216120445/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS074.htm?ac=4|url-status=dead|website=Election Commission of India, Constituencywise-All Candidates }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Mool Chand Sharma]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=69,074 |percentage=56.93 |change={{increase}}41.75 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lakhan Kumar Singla |party=Indian National Congress |votes=15,976 |percentage=13.17 |change={{decrease}}32.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lalit Kumar Bansal |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=14,072 |percentage=11.60 |change={{increase}}4.33 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhirender Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=9,378 |percentage=7.73 |change={{decrease}}1.55 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ompal |party=Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) |votes=4,570 |percentage=3.77 |change={{decrease}}10.77 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharveer Khatana |party=Independent politician |votes=3,281 |percentage=2.70 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ved Prakash Yadav |party=Haryana Lokhit Party |votes=1,897 |percentage=1.56 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=942 |percentage=0.78 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Imran Khan |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=659 |percentage=0.54 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=53,098 |percentage=43.76 |change= {{increase}}12.81 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,21,334 |percentage=60.36 |change= {{increase}}0.78 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,01,021 |ref = |change= {{increase}}55.50 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}10.79 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Ballabgarh}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Sharda Rathore |party=Indian National Congress |votes=35,535 |percentage=46.13 |change={{decrease}}8.66 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Surender Tewatia |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=11,691 |percentage=15.18 |change={{increase}}8.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chander Bhatia |party=Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) |votes=11,194 |percentage=14.53 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ompal Tonger |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=7,147 |percentage=9.28 |change={{increase}}2.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anita Goswami |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=5,601 |percentage=7.27 |change={{decrease}}20.18 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bal Kishan |party=Independent politician |votes=3,774 |percentage=4.90 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hemlata |party=Independent politician |votes=673 |percentage=0.87 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=23,844 |percentage=30.96 |change= {{increase}}3.61 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=77,024 |percentage=59.58 |change= {{decrease}}0.77 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,29,275 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}37.39 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}8.66 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2005 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Ballabgarh<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/haryana/partywise-candidate-list1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016121341/http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/haryana/partywise-candidate-list1.html#inc |archive-date=16 October 2009 |url-status=dead |title= Winning Candidate List for Haryana State Assembly Elections 2005 |publisher=Indian Elections }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Sharda Rathore |party=Indian National Congress |votes=68,289 |percentage=54.79 |change={{increase}}45.99 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Mool Chand Sharma]] |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=34,213 |percentage=27.45 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nayan Pal Rawat |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=8,372 |percentage=6.72 |change={{decrease}}6.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anand Sharma |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=7,941 |percentage=6.37 |change={{decrease}}23.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Narayan Prasad |party=Communist Party of India |votes=1,866 |percentage=1.50 |change={{decrease}}0.88 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jasbir Singh |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=1,168 |percentage=0.94 |change={{increase}}0.34 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Satya Pal |party=Independent politician |votes=754 |percentage=0.61 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=34,076 |percentage=27.34 |change= {{increase}}19.26 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,24,627 |percentage=60.35 |change= {{increase}}2.49 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,06,493 |ref = |change= {{increase}}19.63 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}16.64 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2000 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Ballabgarh}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajinder Singh Bisla |party=Independent politician |votes=38,112 |percentage=38.16 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Bilas Sharma |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=30,040 |percentage=30.08 |change={{decrease}}23.46 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shyam Raj Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=12,746 |percentage=12.76 |change={{increase}}4.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Subhash Chaudhari |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,796 |percentage=8.81 |change={{decrease}}11.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Brahma Nand Kaushik |party=Independent politician |votes=3,343 |percentage=3.35 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Narayan Prasad |party=Communist Party of India |votes=2,379 |percentage=2.38 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raj Kumar |party=Janata Dal (United) |votes=1,226 |percentage=1.23 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ravi Kant |party=Independent politician |votes=915 |percentage=0.92 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Kumar Alias Raj Kumar |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=766 |percentage=0.77 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Surender Singh Urf Surender Singh Bhati |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=600 |percentage=0.60 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dinesh Raghel |party=Independent politician |votes=576 |percentage=0.58 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,072 |percentage=8.08 |change= {{decrease}}25.21 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=99,875 |percentage=57.86 |change= {{increase}}3.11 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,72,608 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}2.16 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}15.38 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1996 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Ballabgarh}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Anand Kumar |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=51,721 |percentage=53.54 |change={{increase}}30.40 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajender S/O Gaj Raj |party=Indian National Congress |votes=19,558 |percentage=20.25 |change={{decrease}}19.78 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajender S/O Amar Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=8,429 |percentage=8.73 |change={{increase}}5.32 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Mool Chand Sharma]] |party=Samata Party |votes=7,445 |percentage=7.71 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hem Chand |party=Janata Dal |votes=1,749 |percentage=1.81 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharambir Singh |party=All India Indira Congress (Tiwari) |votes=1,028 |percentage=1.06 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kulwant Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=644 |percentage=0.67 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Manmohan Raj |party=Independent politician |votes=600 |percentage=0.62 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Parmod Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=534 |percentage=0.55 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=32,163 |percentage=33.30 |change= {{increase}}16.41 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=96,599 |percentage=56.63 |change= {{decrease}}2.11 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,76,422 |ref = |change= {{increase}}24.62 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}13.51 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1991 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Ballabgarh}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajinder Singh Bisla |party=Indian National Congress |votes=32,225 |percentage=40.03 |change={{increase}}11.15 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anand Kumar |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=18,632 |percentage=23.15 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sharda Rani |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=14,630 |percentage=18.17 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raj Kumar |party=Janata Party |votes=7,366 |percentage=9.15 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nanak Chand |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=2,740 |percentage=3.40 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Teeka Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=2,724 |percentage=3.38 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Yad Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=579 |percentage=0.72 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,593 |percentage=16.89 |change= {{decrease}}4.46 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=80,500 |percentage=58.85 |change= {{decrease}}2.17 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,41,569 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.95 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Lokdal |swing= {{decrease}}10.19 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1987 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Ballabgarh}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Yogesh Chand Sharma |party=Lokdal |votes=37,832 |percentage=50.22 |change={{increase}}26.65 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sharda Rani |party=Indian National Congress |votes=21,756 |percentage=28.88 |change={{increase}}0.53 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=H. R. Dua |party=Independent politician |votes=7,753 |percentage=10.29 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Swami Skaktivesh |party=Independent politician |votes=2,481 |percentage=3.29 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Het Ram Bhardwaj |party=Independent politician |votes=1,702 |percentage=2.26 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhule Singh |party=Indian National Congress (Jagjivan) |votes=993 |percentage=1.32 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mahesh Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=936 |percentage=1.24 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Sarup S/O Lakhpat |party=Independent politician |votes=429 |percentage=0.57 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=16,076 |percentage=21.34 |change= {{increase}}15.08 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=75,328 |percentage=60.10 |change= {{decrease}}9.60 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,27,599 |ref = |change= {{increase}}36.68 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Lokdal |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}15.61 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1982 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Ballabgarh}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Sharda Rani |party=Independent politician |votes=22,176 |percentage=34.61 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajinder Singh S/O Gajraj Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=18,165 |percentage=28.35 |change={{decrease}}4.83 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Subhash Chand |party=Lokdal |votes=15,103 |percentage=23.57 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raj Dev |party=Janata Party |votes=5,728 |percentage=8.94 |change={{decrease}}9.48 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shiv Charan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,098 |percentage=1.71 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Harchandi |party=Independent politician |votes=719 |percentage=1.12 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharambir Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=519 |percentage=0.81 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,011 |percentage=6.26 |change= {{decrease}}6.82 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=64,075 |percentage=69.86 |change= {{increase}}0.51 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 93,359 |ref = |change= {{increase}}30.19 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}11.65 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Ballabgarh}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajinder Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=22,597 |percentage=46.26 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sharda Rani |party=Indian National Congress |votes=16,209 |percentage=33.18 |change={{decrease}}14.96 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pritam Singh |party=Janata Party |votes=8,996 |percentage=18.41 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tuhi Ram |party=Vishal Haryana Party |votes=673 |percentage=1.38 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suresh Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=303 |percentage=0.62 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,388 |percentage=13.08 |change= {{increase}}10.83 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=48,852 |percentage=69.02 |change= {{decrease}}2.48 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 71,710 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}4.01 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}1.88 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Ballabgarh}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Sharua Rani |party=Indian National Congress |votes=25,391 |percentage=48.14 |change={{increase}}4.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raji Der Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=24,208 |percentage=45.90 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=2,677 |percentage=5.08 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nathu Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=470 |percentage=0.89 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,183 |percentage=2.24 |change= {{decrease}}19.58 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=52,746 |percentage=72.47 |change= {{increase}}17.55 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 74,704 |ref = |change= {{increase}}16.61 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}4.04 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1968 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Ballabgarh}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Sharda Rani |party=Indian National Congress |votes=14,989 |percentage=44.10 |change={{increase}}7.15 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nathu Singh |party=Vishal Haryana Party |votes=7,572 |percentage=22.28 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Din Dayal |party=Independent politician |votes=5,922 |percentage=17.42 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kanhiya Lal |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=1,885 |percentage=5.55 |change={{decrease}}12.18 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sher Singh |party=Republican Party of India |votes=1,593 |percentage=4.69 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Adesh Kumar |party=Swatantra Party |votes=1,414 |percentage=4.16 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=615 |percentage=1.81 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,417 |percentage=21.82 |change= {{increase}}16.02 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=33,990 |percentage=54.18 |change= {{decrease}}14.79 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 64,062 |ref = |change= {{increase}}4.91 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}7.15 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Ballabgarh}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=T. Ram |party=Indian National Congress |votes=15,308 |percentage=36.95 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=12,906 |percentage=31.15 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Singh |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=7,343 |percentage=17.72 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=B. Bhan |party=Independent politician |votes=5,873 |percentage=14.18 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,402 |percentage=5.80 |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=41,430 |percentage=71.05 |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 61,061 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Faridabad district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Haryana constituencies}}

{{coord|28.34|77.32|display=title}}

[[Category:Faridabad district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Haryana]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Haryana]]
[[Category:Politics of Haryana]]

Chandrakona Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:20:15Z

Srcsdoon: Added first entry first draft - done

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Chandrakona
| type = SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Chandrakona.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Chandrakona Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| mla = [[Arup Dhara]]
| party = [[All India Trinamool Congress]]
| alliance =
| latest_election_year = [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Ghatal]], [[Paschim Medinipur district|Paschim Medinipur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Arambagh Lok Sabha constituency|Arambagh]]
| constituency_no = 232
| established = 1962
| electors = 216,307
| reservation = SC
| abolished =
}}
'''Chandrakona''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Ghatal subdivision|Ghatal]], [[Paschim Medinipur district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|scheduled castes]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], No. 232 Chandrakona Assembly constituency (SC) is composed of the following: [[Chandrakona]] municipality, [[Chandrakona I (community development block)|Chandrakona I]] & [[Chandrakona II (community development block)|II]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development blocks]], [[Ramjibanpur]] municipality, [[Khirpai]] municipality, and Niz Narajol [[gram panchayat]] of [[Daspur I (community development block)|Daspur I]] community development block.<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web|url=http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf |title=Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006 |access-date=2010-10-15 |publisher=Government of West Bengal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918130255/http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf |archive-date=2010-09-18 }}</ref>

Chadrakona Assembly constituency (SC) is part of No. 29 [[Arambagh (Lok Sabha constituency)]] (SC).<ref name=delimitation/>

==Election results==

===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Chandrakona}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate =
|party = Trinamool Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Sukanta Dolui
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate =
|party = Left Front (West Bengal)
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate =
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|party = None of the above (India)
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2021]]: Chandrakona (SC)}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Arup Dhara
|votes = 121,846
|percentage = 48.87
|change = -2.17
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Sibaram Das
|votes = 110,565
|percentage = 44.35
|change = +35.24
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian Secular Front
|candidate = Gouranga Das
|votes = 10,801
|percentage = 4.33
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 2,906
|percentage = 1.17
|change = -0.05
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Sudhir Ari
|votes = 1,670
|percentage = 0.67
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Akshay Khan
|votes = 1,527
|percentage = 0.61
|change = -0.05
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 249,315
|percentage = 89.08
|change = -0.87
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2016]]: Chandrakona (SC)}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=All India Trinamool Congress|candidate=[[Chhaya Dolai]]|votes=117,172|percentage=52.04|change=+4.29}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=Santinath Bodhuk|votes=78,791|percentage=34.99|change=-13.40}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Bilash Dolui|votes=7,753|percentage=9.11|change=+5.25}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Shiv Sena|candidate=Ashes Sardar|votes=4,447|percentage=1.98|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the above]]|votes=2,746|percentage=1.22|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|candidate=Tanushri Dolui|votes=1,485|percentage=0.66|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=225,151|percentage=89.95|change=-2.98}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Chandrakona<ref name=election2011>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3195-west-bengal-2011/ |title=West Bengal Legislative Assembly Election, 2011 |date=16 August 2018 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=6 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=232| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120526064406/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=232| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 26 May 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Chandrakona| publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 2011-05-06 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_5th_phase.pdf |title=West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work=Chandrakona |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=2011-05-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912030706/http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_5th_phase.pdf |archive-date=2011-09-12 }}</ref> }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = [[Chhaya Dolai]]
|votes = 97,280
|percentage = 48.39
|change = -12.97
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=All India Trinamool Congress|candidate=Sibaram Das|votes=95,984|percentage=47.75|change=+11.56#}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Bapi Dera|votes=7,753|percentage=3.86|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=201,017|percentage=92.93|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing = -24.53#
}}
{{Election box end}}

.# Swing calculated on Congress+Trinamool Congress vote percentages taken together in 2006.

===1977-2006===
In the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006]], 2001 and 1996 state assembly elections, Gurupada Dutta of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] won the 196 Chandrakona assembly seat defeating Lakshmipriya Mondal of [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]] in 2006, Prabir Kushari of Trinamool Congress in 2001, and Maloy Bhattacharya of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] in 1996. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. Umapati Chakraborty of CPI(M) defeated Satya Ghosal of [[United Communist Party of India|UCPI]] in 1991, Sk. Khalilur Rahaman of Congress in 1987, Satya Ghosal, Independent, in 1982, and Jagannath Goswami of Congress in 1977.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp196.htm |title = 196 - Chandrakona Assembly Constituency |work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 2010-12-20 }}</ref>

===1962-1972===
Satya Ghoshal of [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] won in 1972. Soroshi Choudhury of CPI(M) won in 1971 and 1969. Indrajit Roy of Congress won in 1967 and [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/electionstatistics.asp | title = Statistical Reports of Elections | access-date = 2010-12-20 | work = General Election Results and Statistics | publisher = Election Commission of India | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp | archive-date = 2010-10-05 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Paschim Medinipur topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Paschim Medinipur district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in West Bengal]]

Durrani dynasty

2026-04-15T01:25:33Z

Srcsdoon: Added first article needs work - done

{{Short description|1747–1856 dynasty of the Durrani Empire}}
{{About|the ruling dynasty|Empire |Durrani Empire}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{stack|clear=right|{{Infobox royal house
| surname = Durrani Dynasty د درانيانو کورنۍ
| estate = Afghanistan
| origin = [[Durrani Empire]]
| parent house = [[Durrani]]
| dissolution = 28 April 1856
| other_families = [[Timurid dynasty]] ''{{small|(Family In "Laws")}}''
| final_ruler = [[Sultan Shahpur Durrani]] ([[Durrani Empire|Empire]]) [[Mohammad-Yusuf Mirza Durrani]] ([[Herat (1793–1863)|Herat]])
| traditions = [[Sunni Islam]]
| coat of arms =
| caption =
| titles = [[List of heads of state of Afghanistan|Shah]] Pearl of Pearls{{efn|{{langx|prs|در دران|Durr-i Durrān|label=[[Classical Persian|Persian]]}}, {{IPA|prs|ˈdurːi durˈraːn|pron}}}}
| current head =
| founder = [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]]
| founding year = July 1747
}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Durranis
| image = <gallery heights=150 mode=packed>
File:Temur-Shah.jpg
| [[Timur Shah Durrani]] (1746 – 18 May 1793) was the second ruler of the [[Durrani Empire]], from 4 June 1772 until his death in 1793
File:Shah-Zaman-Khan.jpg
| [[Zaman Shah Durrani]], (c. 1770–1844) was ruler of the [[Durrani Empire]] from 1793 until 1800. He was the grandson of [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]] and the fifth son of [[Timur Shah Durrani]]. An ethnic [[Pashtun people|Pashtun]] like the rest of his family and Durrani rulers, Zaman Shah became the third [[Afghanistan|King of Afghanistan]].
File:Shah-Shuja-ul-Mulk.png
| '''Shuja Shah Durrani''' (also known as ''Shāh Shujāʻ'', ''Shah Shujah'', ''Shoja Shah'', ''Shujah al-Mulk'') (c. 4 November 1785 – 5 April 1842) was ruler of the [[Durrani Empire]] from 1803 to 1809. He then ruled from 1839 until his death in 1842. Shuja Shah was of the [[Popalzai]] line of the [[Durrani|Abdali]] group of [[Pashtun people|Pashtuns]]. He became the fifth [[List of leaders of Afghanistan|Emir of Afghanistan]].<ref>[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] – [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9067071/Shah-Shoja Shah Shoja]</ref>
</gallery>
| population = 10 million+
| popplace = [[Afghanistan]]
| langs = [[Pashto]] (primary) [[Persian language|Persian]] (bureaucracy)
| rels = Predominantly [[Sunni Islam]]
}}
{{History of Afghanistan}}
{{History of India}}}}

The '''Durrani dynasty''',{{efn|{{ublist|{{langx|ps|د درانيانو کورنۍ|Də Durānyānyo koranəy}}, {{IPA|ps|də dʊrɑnˈjɑnjo korɐˈnəɪ|pron}}|{{langx|prs|{{nq|سلسله درانیان}}|Silsila-yi Durrāniyān|label=[[Classical Persian|Persian]]}}, {{small|cyrillized:}} {{lang|tg|Силсилаи Дуррониён}}, {{IPA|prs|silsiˈlaji durˌraːniˈjaːn|pron}}}}}} also called the '''Sadozai dynasty''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Adamec |first=Ludwig W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kzjj_LSlxO8C&pg=PA108 |title=The A to Z of Afghan Wars, Revolutions and Insurgencies |date=2010-04-07 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing PLC |isbn=978-1-4617-3189-4 |language=en |author-link=Ludwig W. Adamec}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sykes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AXAABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA391 |title=History of Afghanistan |date=2014-07-10 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-84587-4 |language=en}}</ref> was founded in 1747 by [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]] at [[Kandahar]], [[Afghanistan]]. He united all [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]] tribes and created the [[Durrani Empire]].<ref>Jonathan L. Lee "Afghanistan: A History from 1260 to the Present", pp. 124, 132, 134.</ref> which at its peak included the modern-day Afghanistan, [[Pakistan]], as well as some parts of northeastern [[Iran]], eastern [[Turkmenistan]], and northwestern [[India]], including the [[Kashmir Valley]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Snedden |first=Christopher |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s5KMCwAAQBAJ&q=durrani+capture+kashmir&pg=PA43 |title=Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris |date=2015 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-1-84904-342-7 |location= |pages=43, 44 |language=en |author-link=Christopher Snedden}}</ref> The [[Durrani]]s were replaced by the [[Barakzai dynasty]] in 1823.

Ahmad Shah and his descendants were from the Sadozai subclan of [[Popalzai]] line of the Durranis (formerly known as ''Abdalis''), making them the second Pashtun rulers of Kandahar after the [[Hotak dynasty]].<ref name="LoC" /> The Durranis were notable in the second half of the 18th century mainly due to the leadership of Ahmad Shah Durrani.<ref name="EB" />

==History==
{{stack|[[File:Portrait of Ahmad Shah Durrani.jpg|thumb|upright|Ahmad Shah Durrani founder of Durrani dynasty]] }}
{{Main|Ahmad Shah Durrani}}

[[Nader Shah]]'s rule ended in June 1747 after being murdered by his [[Persian people|Persian]] soldiers.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Afghans |last1=Vogelsang |first1=Willem |year=2003 |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |isbn=978-0-631-19841-3 |page=228 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9kfJ6MlMsJQC |access-date=2010-08-25 |author-link=Willem Vogelsang}}</ref> In July 1747, when the chiefs of the Afghans met at a [[loya jirga]] (grand council) in Kandahar to select a new ruler for the Abdali confederation, the young 25-year-old Ahmad Khan was chosen. Despite being younger than other claimants, Ahmad Khan had several overriding factors in his favour:
* He was a direct descendant of Asadullah Khan, patriarch of the Sadozai clan, the most prominent tribe amongst the Pashtun people at the time;
* He was unquestionably a charismatic leader and seasoned warrior who had at his disposal a trained, mobile force of 4,000 loyal [[cavalrymen]];<ref name="EB">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/7798/Afghanistan/21396/The-Durrani-dynasty |title=The Durrani dynasty |access-date=2010-08-25 |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |year=2010}}</ref>
* Not least, he possessed a substantial part of Nadir Shah's treasury, including the [[Koh-i-Noor]] diamond.
One of Ahmad Khan's first acts as chief was to adopt the title ''[[Padshah]] durr-i durrān'' (King, "pearl of the age"<ref>{{cite book |title=The Afghans |last1=Vogelsang |first1=Willem |year=2003 |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |isbn=978-0-631-19841-3 |page=229 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9kfJ6MlMsJQC |access-date=2010-08-25 |author-link=Willem Vogelsang}}</ref> or "pearl of pearls").<ref name="EB" /> The name may have been suggested, as some claim, from a dream, or as others claim, from the pearl earrings worn by the royal guard of Nadir Shah. The Abdali Pashtuns were known thereafter as the Durrani, and the name of the Abdali confederation was changed to Durrani.

Ahmad Shah began his campaign by capturing [[Ghazni]] from the [[Ghilji]] Pashtuns, and wresting [[Kabul]] and [[Peshawar]] from Mughal-appointed governor Nasir Khan, conquering the area up to the [[Indus River]] in 1747. In 1749, the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] ruler was induced to cede [[Sindh Province|Sindh]], the [[Punjab region]] and the important trans [[Indus River]] to Ahmad Shah in order to save his capital from Afghan attack. Having thus gained substantial territories to the east without a fight, Ahmad Shah turned westward to take possession of [[Herat Province|Herat]], which was ruled by Nader Shah's grandson, [[Shahrukh Afshar|Shah Rukh of Persia]]. Herat fell to Ahmad after almost a year of siege and bloody conflict, as did [[Mashad]] (in present-day Iran). Ahmad Shah next sent an army to subdue the areas north of the [[Hindu Kush]] mountains. In short order, the powerful army brought under its control the [[Turkmen people|Turkmen]], [[Uzbeks|Uzbek]], [[Tajik people|Tajik]] and [[Hazara people|Hazara]] tribes of northern Afghanistan. Ahmad Shah invaded the remnants of the Mughal Empire a third time, and then a fourth, consolidating control over the Punjab and Kashmir regions. Then, early in 1757, he sacked [[Delhi]], but permitted the Mughal dynasty to remain in nominal control of the city as long as the ruler acknowledged Ahmad Shah's suzerainty over Punjab, Sindh, and Kashmir. Leaving his second son [[Timur Shah Durrani|Timur Shah]] to safeguard his interests, Ahmad Shah left [[Hindustan]] (India) to return to Afghanistan.

Alarmed by the expansion of China's [[Qing Dynasty]] up to the western border of Kazakhstan, Ahmad Shah attempted to rally neighbouring Muslim khanates and the Kazakhs to unite and attack China, ostensibly to liberate its western Muslim subjects.<ref>{{cite book |title=Holy war in China: the Muslim rebellion and state in Chinese Central Asia, 1864–1877 |last1=Kim |first1=Ho-dong |year=2004 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-0-8047-4884-1 |page=20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9kfJ6MlMsJQC |access-date=2010-08-25}}</ref> Ahmad Shah halted trade with Qing China and dispatched troops to [[Kokand]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The Empire and the Khanate: a political history of Qing relations with Khoqand c. 1760–1860 |last1=Newby |first1=Laura J. |year=2005 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-14550-4 |page=34 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KTmO416hNQ8C |access-date=2010-08-25}}</ref> However, with his campaigns in India exhausting the state treasury, and with his troops stretched thin throughout Central Asia, Ahmad Shah lacked sufficient resources to do anything except to send envoys to Beijing for unsuccessful talks.

===Rise===
{{Main|Durrani Empire}}

{{stack|[[File:The Third battle of Panipat 13 January 1761.jpg|thumb|[[Ahmad Shah Durrani]] and his coalition decisively defeat the [[Maratha Confederacy]], during the [[Third Battle of Panipat]] and restore the [[Mughal Empire]] to [[Shah Alam II]].<ref>[[S. M. Ikram]] (1964). "XIX. A Century of Political Decline: 1707–1803". In [[Ainslie T. Embree]]. Muslim Civilization in India. New York: Columbia University Press. Retrieved 5 November 2011.</ref>]]}}
The Mughal power in northern India had been declining since the reign of [[Aurangzeb]], who died in 1707; In 1751–52, ''Ahamdiya'' treaty was signed between the [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]] and [[Mughals]], when [[Balaji Bajirao]] was the [[Peshwa]].<ref name="Panipat">Patil, Vishwas. ''Panipat''.</ref> Through this treaty, the Marathas controlled virtually the whole of India from their capital at [[Pune]] and Mughal rule was restricted only to Delhi (the Mughals remained the nominal heads of Delhi). Marathas were now straining to expand their area of control towards the northwest of India. Ahmad Shah sacked the Mughal capital and withdrew with the booty he coveted. To counter the Afghans, Peshwa Balaji Bajirao sent [[Raghunathrao]]. He defeated the Rohillas and Afghan garrisons in Punjab and succeeded in ousting Timur Shah and his court from India and brought Lahore, Multan, Kashmir and other subahs on the Indian side of Attock under Maratha rule.<ref name="K.RoyIHB">{{cite book |last=Roy |first=Kaushik |title=India's Historic Battles: From Alexander the Great to Kargil |year=2004 |publisher=Permanent Black, India |pages=80–1 |isbn=978-81-7824-109-8}}</ref>

[[Ahmad Shah Abdali]] declared a war against the Marathas, and warriors from various Pashtun tribes and 25,000 [[Baloch people|Baloch]] warriors joined his army under the command of [[Khan of Kalat]] Mir [[Noori Naseer Khan Baloch]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.uob.edu.pk/journals/TREATY%20OF%20KALAT%201758%20BETWEEN%20QANDHAR%20AND%20KALAT%20AND%20ITS%20IMPACTS.pdf |title=Treaty of Kalat between Balochistan and Afghanistan in 1758 |access-date=28 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032403/http://www.uob.edu.pk/journals/TREATY%20OF%20KALAT%201758%20BETWEEN%20QANDHAR%20AND%20KALAT%20AND%20ITS%20IMPACTS.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Early skirmishes were followed by victory for the [[Afghans]] and [[Baloch people|Baloch]] against the smaller Maratha garrisons in Northwest India and by 1759 Ahmad and his army had reached Lahore and were poised to confront the Marathas. By 1760, the Maratha groups had coalesced into a big enough army under the command of Sadashivrao Bhau. Once again, [[Panipat]] was the scene of a confrontation between two warring contenders for control of [[northern India]]. The [[Third Battle of Panipat]] (January 1761), fought between largely Muslim and largely [[Hinduism|Hindu]] armies was waged along a twelve-kilometre front. Despite decisively defeating the Marathas, what might have been Ahmad Shah's peaceful control of his domains was disrupted by many challenges. As far as losses are concerned, Afghans too suffered heavily in the Third Battle of Panipat. This weakened his grasp over Punjab which fell to the rising [[Sikh]] [[misls]]. There were rebellions in the north in the region of [[Bukhara]].

The victory at Panipat was the high point of Ahmad Shah. The Durrani was the second largest Islamic empire in the world, behind the [[Ottoman Empire]] at that time.<ref>"[http://www.bijanomrani.com/?p=afgan_search_unit Afghanistan and the Search for Unity]" [[Bijan Omrani|Omrani, Bijan]], published in ''Asian Affairs'', Volume 38, Issue 2, 2007, pp. 145–157.</ref> However, even prior to his death, the empire began to unravel. In 1762, Ahmad Shah crossed the passes from Afghanistan for the sixth time to subdue the [[Sikh Empire|Sikhs]]. He assaulted Lahore and, after taking their holy city of [[Amritsar]], massacred thousands of Sikh inhabitants, destroying their revered [[Harmandir Sahib|Golden Temple]]. Within two years, the Sikhs rebelled again and rebuilt their holy city of Amritsar. Ahmad Shah tried several more times to subjugate the Sikhs permanently, but failed.

In early 1771, ten years after the collapse of Maratha supremacy in north India in the Third Battle of Panipat, [[Marathas]] under [[Mahadji Shinde]] recaptured Delhi and restored the Mughal Emperor [[Shah Alam II]] to the throne in 1772. Ahmad Shah also faced other rebellions in the north, and eventually he and the Uzbek Emir of [[Emirate of Bukhara|Bukhara]] agreed that the Amu Darya would mark the division of their lands. Ahmad Shah retired to his home in the mountains east of Kandahar, where he died on 14 April 1773.<ref>{{cite book |title=Inside Afghanistan: end of the Taliban era? |last1=Reddy |first1=L. R |year=2002 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-7648-319-3 |page=65 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NubtDf2T3cAC |access-date=2010-08-25}}</ref> He had succeeded to a remarkable degree in balancing tribal alliances and hostilities, and in directing tribal energies away from rebellion. He earned recognition as Ahmad Shah Baba, or "[[Father of the Nation|Father of Afghanistan]]."<ref name="LoC">{{cite web |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+af0010) |title=Ahmad Shah and the Durrani Empire |access-date=2010-08-25 |publisher=[[Library of Congress Country Studies]] on Afghanistan |year=1997}}</ref><ref name="Singh">{{cite book |title=Ahmad Shah Durrani: Father of Modern Afghanistan |last1=Ganḍā |first1=Singh |orig-year=1959 |publisher=Asia Pub. House |isbn=978-1-4021-7278-6 |page=457 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F_A8AAAAMAAJ |access-date=2010-08-25}}</ref>

By the time of Ahmad Shah's ascendancy, the Pashtuns included many groups whose origins were obscure; They had in common, however, their [[Pashto language]]. To the east, the [[Wazir (Tribe)|Waziris]] and their close relatives, the [[Mahsud|Maseed]], had lived in the hills of the central [[Sulaiman Mountains]] since the 14th century. By the end of the 16th century and the final [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] invasions, tribes such as the [[Shinwari]], [[Yusufzai]], and [[Mohmand (tribe)|Mohmand]] had moved from the upper [[Kabul River]] Valley into the valleys and plains west, north, and northeast of [[Peshawar]]. The Afridi had long been established in the hills and mountain ranges south of the [[Khyber Pass]]. By the end of the 18th century, the Durranis had blanketed the area west and north of [[Kandahar Province]].<ref name="LoC" />

==List of rulers==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! style="width:12em" | Name of [[Emir|Amir]]
! style="width:8em" | Reign
! Notes
|-
| [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]]
| 1747–1772
| Born as ''Ahmad Khan'' c. 1722 to Zaman Khan Abdali, who was [[list of governors of Herat|Governor of Herat Province]] and chief of the [[Durrani|Abdali]].<ref name="Mehta">{{Cite book |title=Advanced study in the history of modern India 1707–1813 |last1=Mehta |first1=J. L. |year=2005 |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd |isbn=978-1-932705-54-6 |page=247 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&pg=PA247 |access-date=2010-09-23 |author-link=Jarava Lal Mehta}}</ref> During the war between [[Safavid dynasty|Safavids]] and the Afghans, his father and grandfather were both killed in a battle, and the young Ahmad Khan fled south to take refuge in [[Old Kandahar|Kandahar]] with the [[Ghilji]]s.<ref>Fall of the Mughal Empire, Volume 1, by Sir [[Jadunath Sarkar]] (1964), p. 124</ref> During his teenage years, Ahmad Khan and his elder brother, Zulfikar Khan, were imprisoned by [[Hussain Hotaki]], the last Ghilji ruler of the [[Hotaki dynasty]]. In 1738, during the [[Siege of Kandahar]], Ahmad Khan was released by [[Nader Shah]] of [[Khorasan Province|Khorasan]] and made to lead 4,000 Abdali soldiers. This was due to Ahmad Khan's family background and the fact that he and Nader Shah were both from the historical Khorasan region.
|-
| Sulayman Mirza
| 1772
| Following the death of Sulayman's father, Ahmad Shah Durrani, the empire faced a period of succession crisis between himself and his brother, Timur Shah Durrani. Sulayman Mirza was later defeated in 1772, allowing for Timur Shah to be crowned in November 1772.<ref>{{cite book |last=Lee |first=Jonathan |title=Afghanistan: A History from 1260 to the Present |publisher=Reaktion Books |year=2019 |isbn=978-1-78914-010-1 |pages=143-145}}</ref>
|-
| [[Timur Shah Durrani]]
| November 1772–1793
| Timur Shah spent most of his reign fighting off civil war and consolidating the territories that were chipping away from the empire such as the [[Punjab]]. He reestablished rule in Multan and halted [[Emirate of Bukhara|Bukharan]] expansion into northern Afghanistan. Upon his death in 1793, he had 23 sons, leading to a succession crisis.{{sfn|Lee|2019|p=155}}
|-
| [[Zaman Shah Durrani]]
| 1793–1801
| After the death of Timur Shah, three of his sons, the governors of Kandahar Humayun (not to be confused with the brother of Timur Shah), Herat (Mahmud Shah Durrani), and Kabul (Zaman Shah Durrani), contended for the succession. [[Zaman Shah]], governor of Kabul, held the field by virtue of being in control of the capital, and became shah at the age of twenty-three. Many of his half-brothers were imprisoned on their arrival in the capital for the purpose, ironically, of electing a new shah. The quarrels among Timur's descendants that threw Afghanistan into turmoil also provided the pretext for the intervention of outside forces.{{sfn|Lee|2019|p=158}}

The efforts of the Sadozai heirs of Timur to impose a true monarchy on the truculent Pashtun tribes, and their efforts to rule absolutely and without the advice of the other major Pashtun tribal leaders, were ultimately unsuccessful. The [[Sikhs]] became particularly troublesome, and after several unsuccessful efforts to subdue them, Zaman Shah made the mistake of appointing a forceful young Sikh chief, [[Ranjit Singh]], as his governor of [[Lahore]]. This "one-eyed" warrior would later become an implacable enemy of Pashtun rulers in Afghanistan.{{sfn|Lee|2019|p=161}}

Zaman's downfall was triggered by his attempts to consolidate power. Although it had been through the support of the Barakzai chief, Painda Khan Barakzai, that he had come to the throne, Zaman soon began to remove prominent Barakzai leaders from positions of power and replace them with men of his own lineage, the Sadozai. This upset the delicate balance of Durrani tribal politics that Ahmad Shah had established and may have prompted Painda Khan and other Durrani chiefs to plot against the shah. Painda Khan and the chiefs of the [[Nurzai]] and the [[Alizai tribe|Alizai]] Durrani clans were executed, as was the chief of the [[Qizilbash]] clan. Painda Khan's son fled to Iran and pledged the substantial support of his Barakzai followers to a rival claimant to the throne, Zaman's older brother, [[Mahmud Shah Durrani|Mahmud Shah]]. The clans of the chiefs Zaman had executed joined forces with the rebels, and they took Kandahar without bloodshed, they then marched on to Kabul, deposing Zaman Shah.{{sfn|Lee|2019|pp=162-163}}
|-
| [[Mahmud Shah Durrani]]
| 1801–1803
| Zaman Shah's overthrow in 1801 was not the end of civil strife in Afghanistan, but the beginning of even greater violence. Mahmud Shah's first reign lasted for only two years before he was replaced by Shuja Shah.{{sfn|Lee|2019|p=166}}
|-
| [[Shuja Shah Durrani]]
| 1803–1809
| Yet another of Timur Shah's sons, Shuja Shah (or Shah Shuja), ruled for only six years. On 7 June 1809, Shuja Shah signed a treaty with the [[British East India Company|British]], which included a clause stating that he would oppose the passage of foreign troops through his territories. This agreement, the first Afghan pact with a European power, stipulated joint action in case of [[France|Franco]]-Persian aggression against Afghan or British dominions.{{sfn|Lee|2019|pp=170-174}} Only a few weeks after signing the agreement, Shuja was deposed by his predecessor, Mahmud.{{sfn|Lee|2019|pp=174-176}} Much later, he was reinstated by the British, ruling during 1839–1842. oNE of his sons, Fateh Jang, also ruled for a brief period in 1842, following Shah Shuja's assassination.{{sfn|Lee|2019|p=295}}
|-
| [[Mahmud Shah Durrani]]
| 1809–1818 (second reign)
1818–1826 (as ruler of [[Herat (1793–1863)|Herat]])
| Mahmud's second reign lasted nine years. Mahmud alienated the Barakzai, especially Fateh Khan, the son of Painda Khan, [[Torture and execution of Fateh Khan Barakzai|who was eventually seized and blinded]]. Revenge would later be sought and obtained by Fateh Khan's youngest brother, [[Dost Mohammad Khan]]. Expelled to Herat in 1818, Mahmud Shah ruled that area until his son [[Shahzada Kamran Durrani|Kamran]] deposed and exiled him with [[Qajar Iran|Iranian]] help.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Noelle-Karimi |first=Christine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kdl9oAEACAAJ |title=The Pearl in Its Midst: Herat and the Mapping of Khurasan (15th-19th Centuries) |date=2014 |publisher=Austrian Academy of Sciences Press |isbn=978-3-7001-7202-4 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| Abbas Mirza Durrani
| 1810 (Ruler of the [[Durrani Empire]])
| Abbas Mirza was placed on the throne of the Durrani empire in 1810 while [[Mahmud Shah Durrani|Shah Mahmood]] was campaigning in [[Kashmir]], Shah Mahmud had returned and deposed Abbas Mirza after a skirmish at the capital of [[Kabul]].{{sfn|Lee|2019|p=176}}
|-
| [[Ali Shah Durrani]]
| 1818–1819
| Ali Shah was another son of [[Timur Shah Durrani|Timur Shah]]. He seized power for a brief period in 1818–19.{{sfn|Lee|2019|p=181}}
|-
| [[Ayub Shah Durrani]]
| 1819–1823
| Ayub Shah was another son of Timur Shah, who deposed Sultan Ali Shah. He was himself later deposed, and presumably killed in 1823. The loss of Kashmir during his reign opened a new chapter in South Asian history.{{sfn|Lee|2019|pp=183-185}}
|-
| [[Shuja Shah Durrani]]
| 1839–1842 (second reign)
| He was declared as Amir with help and support from the British but was deposed by [[Wazir Akbar Khan|Akbar Khan]] in 1842.
|-
| [[Fateh Jang Durrani]]
| April 1842-October 1842 (Ruler of the [[Durrani Empire|Durrani Kingdom]])
| Following Shah Shuja Durrani's death, Fateh Jang's father, Fateh Jang succeeded his father in rule at Kabul, however fled with the British after their punitive expedition to Kabul, leaving in October 1842.{{sfn|Lee|2019|p=295}}
|-
| [[Shahzada Kamran Durrani]]
| 1826–1842 (as ruler of [[Herat (1793–1863)|Herat]])
| Expelled his father from Herat in 1826, ruled over Herat until 1842. Iranians invaded in 1833 and [[Siege of Herat (1837–1838)|1837]], in the aftermath of the Iranian siege of Herat in early 1842 he was deposed and brutally murdered by his vizier [[Yar Mohammad Khan Alakozai]].<ref name=":0" />
|-
| [[Mohammad-Yusuf Mirza Durrani]]
| 1855–1856 (as ruler of [[Herat (1793–1863)|Herat]])
| Ruler of Herat 15 September 1855 to 28 April 1856. Overthrew Sa'id Mohammad Khan Alakozai in 1855, Iranian siege of Herat began April 1856. Overthrown by his vizier 'Isa Khan Bardurrani on 28 April 1856, given up to the Iranians.<ref name=":0" />
|}

== Dynasty Family Tree ==

{{stack|[[File:Sadozai Royal Dynasty.png|thumb| A complete chart showing the different branches of the Sadozai/Durrani Royal Family, including the fate of descendants of the family during the [[British Raj]].<ref name="GriffinChopra1940">{{cite book | last = Chopra | first = G. L. | title = Chiefs and Families of Note in the Punjab: A Revised Edition of "The Punjab Chiefs" | volume = I | publisher = Superintendent, Government Printing, Punjab | location = Lahore | year = 1940 | edition = Revised and corrected up to July 1, 1939 }}</ref> <ref name="Nejatie2017">{{cite thesis
| last = Nejatie
| first = Sajjad
| title = The Pearl Of Pearls: The Abdālī-Durrānī Confederacy and its transformation under Aḥmad Shāh, Durr-I Durrān
| publisher = University of Toronto
| url = https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/items/58064d9a-dbce-4c9d-9917-89a4eb49be1c
| year = 2017
| pages=41-46
| hdl = 1807/80750
| type = PhD thesis
}}</ref>]]}}

The Sadozai from their progenitor Amir-e-Afghan [[Sado Khan]] to the [[Sadozai Sultanate of Safa]], followed by the [[Sadozai Sultanate of Herat]] and then the [[Durrani Empire]]. Includes branches settled in the [[British Raj]] who were officially confirmed with titles and seats.

The last two [[ Kingdom of Afghanistan | Kings of Afghanistan]] maternally descend from the Sadozai/Durrani Dynasty.

Includes a color-coded legend with the following categories:
* {{legend|#E0B0FF|Sadozai Sultans of Safa}}
* {{legend|#ADD8E6|Sadozai Sultans of Herat}}
* {{legend|#90EE90|Sadozai Durrani Padshahs}}
* {{legend|#006400|Sadozai Emirs of Herat}}
* {{legend|#00008B|Chiefs of the Sadozai, British Raj}}
* {{legend|#FF0000|Kings of Afghanistan}}

==See also==
{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[List of Sunni dynasties]]
* [[Barakzai dynasty]]
* [[Hotak dynasty]]
* [[Sur Empire]]
* [[Lodi dynasty]]
* [[Khalji dynasty]]
* [[Ghurid dynasty]]
* [[Ghaznavids]]
* [[Saffarid dynasty]]
{{Div col end}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] – [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/7798/Afghanistan/21396/The-Durrani-dynasty The Durrani dynasty]

{{Durrani dynasty}}
{{Monarchs of Afghanistan}}
{{Pashtun}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Durrani dynasty| ]]
[[Category:1747 establishments in Asia]]
[[Category:18th-century Afghan people|.]]
[[Category:19th-century Afghan politicians|.]]
[[Category:Culture of Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Durrani Pashtun tribes]]
[[Category:Emirate of Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Emirs of Afghanistan|.]]
[[Category:Heads of state of Afghanistan]]
[[Category:History of the Durrani Empire]]
[[Category:Pashtun culture]]
[[Category:Pashtun dynasties]]
[[Category:People from the Durrani Empire|.]]
[[Category:Sunni dynasties]]

Bhagvanjibhai Karagatiya

2026-04-07T02:59:35Z

Srcsdoon: put up stub

{{Short description|Indian politician}}{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Bhagvan Karagatiya
| office = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = (1998-2002), (2007-2012), (2022-Present)
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Vaja Babubhai|Babubhai Vaja]]
| party = [[Bhartiya Janata Party]]
| constituency = [[Mangrol, Junagadh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mangrol]]
}}
'''Bhagvan Lakhabhai Karagatiya''' (born 1958)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Kargatiya Bhagvanjibhai Lakhabhai(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- MANGROL(JUNAGADH) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Gujarat2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=5794 |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from Gujarat. He is a Member of the 12th [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]] from [[Mangrol, Junagadh Assembly constituency]] representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{cite web|title=TWELFTH GUJARAT LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY|url=http://www.gujaratassembly.gov.in/emembers12.htm|publisher=Gujarat assembly|accessdate=19 May 2012|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226045131/http://www.gujaratassembly.gov.in/emembers12.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Karagatiya is from Mangrol, Junagadh district, Gujarat. He is the son of Kargatiya Lakhabhai. He studied Class 10 and did C.P.Ed. at [[Hanuman Vyayam Prasarak Mandal|Amravati Hanuman Akhada]] and passed the old SSC examinations in 1978. Later, he discontinued his studies.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Karagatiya won from [[Mangrol, Junagadh Assembly constituency|Mangrol Assembly constituency]] representing the Bharatiya Janata Party in the [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]]. He polled 60,896 votes and defeated his nearest rival Babu Vaja of the Indian National Congress by a margin of 22,501 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-07 |title=Mangrol Election Result 2022 LIVE: BJP's Kargatiya Lakhabhai emerges winner - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/politics/mangrol-election-result-2022-live-check-winner-losers-vote-margin-news-updates-15342781.htm |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mangrol Election Result 2022 LIVE Updates: Kargatiya Bhagvanjibhai Lakhabhai Of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/elections/mangrol-election-result-2022-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-6563653.html |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |date=2022-12-08 |title=Mangrol Election 2022 Final Results Live: Bjp Candidate Kargatiya Bhagvanjibhai Lakhabhai Wins From Mangrol , Details Inside |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/mangrol-election-result-2022-live-updates-constituency-vote-counting-result-winner-loser-tally-bjp-congress-aap-gujarat-assembly-election-result-news-1568216 |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref> He first became an MLA winning the [[2007 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Karagatiya, Bhagvan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2007–2012]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Gujarat-BJP-politician-stub}}

Chori Chori (1956 film)

2026-04-01T14:59:24Z

Srcsdoon: Added basic entry needs work - done

{{About|the 1956 film|the 2003 film|Chori Chori (2003 film)|the 2001 film|Chori Chori Chupke Chupke}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Chori Chori
| image = Chori Chori 1956 film poster.jpg
| caption = Film poster
| director = Anant Thakur
| producer = L. B. Lachman
| writer = [[Agha Jani Kashmiri]]
| screenplay = [[Agha Jani Kashmiri]]
| narrator =
| story =
| based_on = ''[[It Happened One Night]]'' (1934)
| starring = [[Raj Kapoor]] [[Nargis]]
| music = [[Shankar-Jaikishan]]
| cinematography = [[V. N. Reddy]]
| editing = S. Surya
| studio = [[AVM Productions]]
| distributor = [[AVM Productions]]
| released = {{Film date|1956|||df=y}}
| runtime = 158 min.
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Hindi]]
| budget = {{INR|link=yes}} 0.4 [[crore]]<ref name="boxofficeindia">[https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=541 Chori Chori]</ref>
| gross = {{INR|link=yes}}6.04 [[crore]]<ref name="boxofficeindia"/>
}}
[[File:Chori Chori (1956).webm|thumb|x150px|''Chori Chori'']]
'''''Chori Chori''''' ({{translation}} ''Stealthily'') is a [[List of Bollywood films of 1956|1956]] Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[romantic comedy]] film directed by Anant Thakur. It stars [[Raj Kapoor]], [[Nargis]] in the lead roles.<ref name=Gomolo>{{cite web|title=Chori Chori 1956|url=http://www.gomolo.com/chori-chori-movie/2670|work=About Chori Chori|access-date=24 May 2014}}</ref> [[Pran (actor)|Pran]], [[Johnny Walker (actor)|Johnny Walker]], [[Gope (actor)|Gope]], [[David Abraham Cheulkar|David]], [[Mukri]], [[Bhagwan Dada]] have character parts. It is an adaptation of the 1934 American film ''[[It Happened One Night]]''.<ref name="DarlinJi">{{cite book |last=Desai |first=Kishwar |title=Darlinji |date=2007 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=978-81-7223-697-7 |location=India |page=142}}</ref> This was the last film of Nargis and Raj Kapoor together as leads, with Nargis doing one cameo appearance in the Raj Kapoor starrer ''[[Jagte Raho]]'' (1956).

Music was composed by [[Shankar-Jaikishan]] and lyrics were written by [[Hasrat Jaipuri]] and [[Shailendra (lyricist)|Shailendra]]. The music of ''Chori Chori'' had popular tracks including romantic songs "Aaja Sanam Madhur Chandni Mein", "Yeh Raat Bheegi Bheegi", "Jahan Mein Jaati Hoon Wahi Chale Aate Ho", by [[Lata Mangeshkar]] and [[Manna Dey]] and comedy number "Sawa Lakh Ki Lottery," by [[Lata Mangeshkar]] and [[Mohammad Rafi]].<ref name="Darlingji">{{cite book|last=Desai|first=Kishwar|title=Darlinji|date=2007|publisher=HarperCollins|location=India|isbn=978-81-7223-697-7|page=143}}</ref> The film was later entirely remastered and colourised.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2013-05-29|title='Chori Chori', 'Half Ticket' - black and white classics now in colour|work=[[Business Standard India]]|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/chori-chori-half-ticket-black-and-white-classics-now-in-colour-113052900880_1.html|access-date=2021-10-27}}</ref>

==Plot==

Kammo (''[[Nargis]]'') lives a wealthy lifestyle with her widowed multi-millionaire dad, Girhdari Lal (''[[Gope (actor)|Gope]]''). He would like her to marry someone who is not after their wealth. To his dismay, she chooses to marry a pilot named Sumankumar (''[[Pran (actor)|Pran]]''), who is known for womanising and greed. When he disapproves, she runs away from home. The news of her running is announced on the radio and newspaper, offering a reward of {{INR}}1.25 lakhs for her safe return. On the run, she decides to go by bus to meet Suman. A free-lance reporter Sagar (''[[Raj Kapoor]]'') in search of a story is also going to Bangalore to get advance from his editor. An auto owner cum driver Bhagwan sees the news of a reward and goes with his wife to find Kammo. The first encounter of Kammo and Sagar in the bus starts with a tiff. After a night's journey full of tiffs the bus stops for passengers to eat snacks. Kammo wanders off and Sagar sees the news of her running and thinks that it will be a good story. She misses the bus and Sagar also lets it go for his scoop. They catch the next bus, in the bus a poet ([[Johnny Walker (actor)|Johnny Walker]]) bores her by reciting his poems at that point Sagar comes to her rescue claiming to be her husband. Midway through the journey the bus breaks down and they take a room in Banwari's ([[David Abraham Cheulkar|David]]) inn where only married couples are allowed. They share a room and make a partition with a bed sheet. The comic situation brings them closer. Kammo spends all the money to buy toiletries, etc. They start walking the next 7 km to Bangalore. Kammo falls in love with the simple life of villages. They spent the night in the open where Bhagwan spots them. In the confusion of the melee they escape with auto and take a room in Madarilal's ([[Mukri]]) inn with a promise to clear rent on check out. The adventure of the journey and facing situations together bonds them and they fall in love with each other. Deciding to marry Kammo, Sagar goes to Bangalore to get advance from his editor, leaving a note, while Kammo is still sleeping. The editor gives him cheque which takes time to cash. Meanwhile in the morning the Madarilal's wife humiliates Kammo and throws her out as she does not have money to pay. Kammo thinks that Sagar has abandoned her for story. She phones her father from a house and asks him to come and take her home. Coming back Sagar sees her motorcade going. He thinks she has left her. Both feel let down and dejected. He buys the auto from Bhagwan from advance money.

Kammo has come of age and misses Sagar. Seeing her sad Girdhari Lal fixes her marriage with Suman. The news of marriage is flashed in papers. On the day of marriage a press conference is held to click the picture of bride and for QA. At the end of the conference when all are gone Sagar demands money, assuming he wants reward money the father gives him cheque of {{INR}}1.25 lakhs. Sagar tears off the cheque and submits a bill for 15 rupees 12 annas for the expenses incurred during their journey. Misunderstanding over she again runs away with Sagar on the same auto but this time with the consent of her father to live happily ever after.

==Cast==
* [[Raj Kapoor]] as Sagar
* [[Nargis]] as Kammo
* [[Pran (actor)|Pran]] as Suman Kumar
* [[Johnny Walker (actor)|Johnny Walker]] as Shayar
* [[Gope (actor)|Gope]] as Girdharilal
* [[David Abraham Cheulkar|David]] as Banwarilal
* [[Mukri]] as Madarilal
* [[Master Bhagwan|Bhagwan Dada]] as Bhagwan
* [[Rajasulochana]] as Bhagwan's Wife
* Indira Bansal as Shayar's Wife
* Ameer Banoo as Madarilal's Wife
* [[Marutirao Parab|Maruti]] as Postal Employee
* [[Raj Mehra]] as Editor
* Neelam as Girdharilal's Secretary
* [[K. V. Shanthi]] as Dancer
* [[Kumari Kamala]] as Dancer
* [[Sayee Subbulakshmi|Sayee & Subbalakshmi]] as Dancers

==Awards==
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director]] - [[Shankar-Jaikishan]]

==Soundtrack==
The music of this film was composed by [[Shankar-Jaikishan]] and won them Filmfare Award for Best Music Director. The starting melody of the song "Aaja Sanam Madhur Chandni Mein" was adapted from the traditional Italian folk song, "[[Tarantella Napoletana]]".
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:92%;"
! Song !! Singer
![[Raga]]
|-
| "Le Chal O Majhi Kinare"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|
|-
| "Rasik Balma Haay"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|Shuddh Kalyan
|-
| "Panchhi Banoon"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|[[Bhoopali]]
|-
| "Jahan Mein Jaati Hoon Wahi Chale Aate Ho"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Manna Dey]]
|
|-
| "Aaja Sanam Madhur Chandni Mein Hum Tum"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Manna Dey]]
|
|-
| "Yeh Raat Bheegi Bheegi Yeh Mast Fizayen"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Manna Dey]]
|[[Kirwani]]
|-
| "Manbhaavan Ke Ghar Jaaye Gori"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Asha Bhosle]]
|
|-
| "Sawa Lakh Ki Lottery Bhejo Apne Bhi Naam Ji"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Mohammed Rafi]]
|
|-
| "All Line Clear"
| [[Mohammed Rafi]]
|
|-
|}

== References ==
<references />

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0049072}}
* [https://archive.today/20130420042631/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/AVV091690/ ''Chori Chori'' at the British Board of Film Classification]

{{AVM Productions}}

[[Category:1956 films]]
[[Category:1956 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1956 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Shankar–Jaikishan]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian remakes of American films]]
[[Category:1950s romance films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language romance films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:1956 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian road movies]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Indian screwball comedy films]]
[[Category:Films about buses]]
[[Category:Comedy of remarriage films]]
[[Category:Films about interclass romance]]
[[Category:Films about journalists]]
[[Category:Films about runaways]]
[[Category:Films set in country houses]]
[[Category:Films about hitchhiking]]
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films set in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Films based on American short stories]]
[[Category:Films based on works by Samuel Hopkins Adams]]
[[Category:Films based on adaptations]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Hindi remakes of English films]]
[[Category:AVM Productions films]]

Kazi Golam Mohiuddin Faroqui

2026-03-31T16:28:55Z

Srcsdoon:

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[Khan Bahadur]] [[Nawab]] [[Sir]]
| name = Kazi Golam Mohiuddin Faroqui
| native_name = কাজী গোলাম মহিউদ্দিন ফারুকী
| native_name_lang = bn
| image =
| office1 = Member of the [[British Bengal Legislative Council|Bengal Legislative Council]]
| term_start1 = 1921
| term_end1 = 1937
| office2 = [[Chief Whip]] at the [[British Bengal Legislative Council|Bengal Legislative Council]]
| term_start2 = 1921
| term_end2 = 1929
| office3 = Chairman of the [[Meghna Division|Tipperah District Board]]
| term_start3 = 1925
| term_end3 = 1929
| birth_date = 1891
| birth_place = [[Comilla]], [[Meghna Division|Tipperah district]], [[Bengal Presidency]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1984|4|4|1891|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Calcutta]], [[West Bengal]]
| alma_mater = [[Dhaka College]]
| occupation = Politician
}}
''[[Khan Bahadur]]'' ''[[Nawab]]'' ''[[Sir]]'' '''Kazi Golam Mohiuddin Faroqui''' ({{langx|bn|স্যার কাজী গোলাম মহিউদ্দিন ফারুকী}}; 1891 – 4 April 1984), also known by his [[daak naam]] '''Suba Mia''' ({{langx|bn|সুবা মিঞা}}), was a [[Bengali Muslims|Bengali Muslim]] [[zamindar|Z''amindar'']], politician and minister.

==Early life and family==
Kazi Golam Mohiuddin Farooqi was born in 1891 in [[Comilla|Comilla Town]] during the [[Bengal Presidency]]. His father, Kazi Riyazuddin Ahmad Farooqi, was a [[Sub-divisional magistrate|sub-registrar]]. His family was an aristocratic [[Bengali Muslims|Bengali Muslim]] [[Farooqui|''Farooqi'']] [[Zamindars of Bengal|''Zamindar'']] family that had traditionally served as ''[[Qadi]]'' in the region, hence were also known as [[Bengali Kazi|''Kazi'']], their ancestral home was in the village of Ratanpur in [[Nabinagar Upazila|Nabinagar]], [[Brahmanbaria District|Brahmanbaria]]. The family were descended from Kazi Omar Shah Farooqi, a high-ranking army officer of the [[Mughal emperor]] [[Farrukhsiyar]] who was awarded two [[pargana|''parganas'']] in the [[Tipperah District|Tipperah district]].<ref name="bpedia">{{cite Banglapedia |article=Faroqui, Nawab Sir KGM|author=Abdus Salam, Muhammed}}</ref>

==Education==
Faroqui was initially homeschooled by Hajee Ahmed Bell, Mr. Cally and Mr. Eden. He then went on to complete his [[Intermediate of Arts|FA]] from the [[Dacca College]].<ref name="bpedia"/>

==Career==
Faroqui entered politics in 1916, eventually joining the [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]]. In 1917, he became a member of the Tipperah District Board and was elected as the commissioner of [[Comilla]] municipality. Faroqui also served as the chairman of the Tipperah District Board from 1925 to 1929.<ref name="bpedia"/>

He was elected to the [[British Bengal Legislative Council|Bengal Legislative Council]] in 1921 and was appointed as its [[Chief Whip]] by [[Surendranath Banerjee]], serving this role until 1929. In the same year, he was entrusted as the minister for the Local Self-Government, Public Health, Agriculture, Industries, Cooperatives and Public Works departments. Through his efforts, the Government Aid to the Industrial Sector bill was passed in 1931. He also took the initiative for the establishment of the Co-operative Mortgage Bank to solve farmers' problems. Following the [[1934 Indian general election|1934 general elections]], he was re-elected to the Bengal Legislative Council as an independent candidate.<ref name="bpedia"/> During his time in Calcutta, he served as the president of the Tripura Society for a long period and was the chief editor of ''The Hanafi'' weekly newspaper.{{fact|date=July 2024}}

Faroqui was a member of the Dhaka University Senate.<ref name="bpedia"/> In honour of his father, he founded the Qazi Riazuddin High English School in [[Debidwar Upazila|Debidwar]]. In honour of his grandfather, he founded the Aftabia Madrasa in Comilla. Faroqui established pharmacies, ponds, post offices, police stations and sub-registrar offices in Debidwar.<ref>{{cite web|title=প্রখ্যাত ব্যক্তিত্ব |url=http://www.sarail.brahmanbaria.gov.bd/site/page/67e9bde0-2144-11e7-8f57-286ed488c766/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC- |website=[[Bangladesh National Portal]]|access-date=15 January 2020|lang=bn|archive-date=15 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115210332/http://www.sarail.brahmanbaria.gov.bd/site/page/67e9bde0-2144-11e7-8f57-286ed488c766/%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%2596%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A4-%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AC-}}</ref>

==Awards==
Faroqui was awarded the title of [[Khan Bahadur]] by the [[British Raj]] in 1924. In 1932, he was given the title of [[Nawab]].<ref name="bpedia"/> Faroqui was [[knighted]] at the [[1936 New Year Honours]].<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=34238 |supp=y |pages=1–18 |date= 31 December 1935}}</ref>

==Death==
Faroqui died on 4 April 1984 in [[Calcutta]], [[West Bengal]].<ref name="bpedia"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Faroqui, Golam Mohiuddin}}
[[Category:1891 births]]
[[Category:1984 deaths]]
[[Category:Bengali politicians]]
[[Category:People from Comilla]]
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:People from Brahmanbaria District]]
[[Category:Politicians from Chittagong Division]]
[[Category:Bengali zamindars]]
[[Category:Dhaka College alumni]]
[[Category:Bengali Muslims]]
[[Category:Sunni Muslims]]
[[Category:Bengali knights]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi knights]]
[[Category:Khan Bahadurs]]

Western hoolock gibbon

2026-03-23T21:58:01Z

Srcsdoon: corrected section to improve readability and corrected details for accuracy

{{Short description|Species of ape}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Western hoolock gibbon
| image = Hoolock hoolock 001.jpg
| image_caption = A female in the foreground, and a male in the background
| status = EN
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn">{{cite iucn |author=Brockelman, W. |author2=Molur, S. |author3=Geissmann, T. |date=2019 |title=''Hoolock hoolock'' |volume=2019 |article-number=e.T39876A17968083 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T39876A17968083.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>
| status2 = CITES_A1
| status2_system = CITES
| status2_ref = <ref>{{Cite web|title=Appendices {{!}} CITES|url=https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php|access-date=2022-01-14|website=cites.org}}</ref>
| genus = Hoolock
| species = hoolock
| authority = ([[Richard Harlan|Harlan]], 1834)<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Harlan|first1=Richard|title=Description of a Species of Orang, from the North-Eastern Province of British East India, Lately the Kingdom of Assam|journal=Transactions of the American Philosophical Society|date=1834|volume=4|pages=52–59|doi=10.2307/1004829|jstor=1004829|jstor-access=free|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/24786617}}</ref>
| range_map = Western Hoolock Gibbon area.png
| range_map_caption = Western hoolock gibbon range
| synonyms = ''Simia hoolock'' {{small|protonym}}
}}

The '''western hoolock gibbon''' ('''''Hoolock hoolock''''') is a [[primate]] from the [[gibbon]] family, [[Hylobatidae]]. The species is found in [[Assam]], [[Mizoram]], and [[Meghalaya]] in [[India]], [[Bangladesh]], and [[Myanmar]] west of the [[Chindwin River]].<ref>{{cite journal | author=Groves, C. P. | year= 1967 | title = Geographic variation in the hoolock or white-browed gibbon (''Hylobates hoolock harlan'' 1834). | journal = Folia Primatologica | volume=7 | issue= 3–4 | pages=276–283 | doi=10.1159/000155125 | pmid=5626313}}</ref>

==Classification==
Mootnick and [[Colin Groves|Groves]]<ref>{{cite journal | author = Mootnick, A. R. | author2 = C. P. Groves | author2-link = Colin Groves | name-list-style = amp | year = 2005 | title=A new generic name for the hoolock gibbon (Hylobatidae) | journal = Int. J. Primatol. | volume = 26 | issue = 4 | pages = 971–976 | doi=10.1007/s10764-005-5332-4| s2cid = 8394136 }}</ref> stated that hoolock gibbons do not belong in the genus ''[[Bunopithecus]]'', and placed them in a new genus, ''[[Hoolock]]''. This genus was argued to contain two and later three distinct species, which were previously thought to be subspecies: ''H. hoolock'', ''[[eastern hoolock gibbon|H. leuconedys]]'', and ''[[Skywalker hoolock gibbon|H. tianxing]]''. A larger evolutionary distance was later found to exist between these three species and the white-handed gibbons than between bonobos and chimpanzees.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Mootnick, A. R. | year = 2006 | title = Gibbon (Hylobatidae) species identification recommended for rescue or breeding centers | journal = Primate Conserv | volume = 21 | pages = 103–138 | doi = 10.1896/0898-6207.21.1.103| s2cid = 86331056 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

A new subspecies of the western hoolock gibbon has been described recently from northeastern India, which has been named the Mishmi Hills hoolock gibbon, ''H. h. mishmiensis''.<ref name="Choudhury2013b">{{cite journal |first=A. U. |last=Choudhury |title=Description of a new subspecies of hoolock gibbon ''Hoolock hoolock'' from North East India |journal=The Newsletter & Journal of the Rhino Foundation for Nat. In NE India |volume=9 |pages=49–59 |year=2013}}</ref>
[[File:Western hoolock gibbon - Hollongapar Gibbon Sanctuary 2023-01-12 01.jpg|left|thumb|Western hoolock gibbon in canopy at [[Hoollongapar Gibbon Sanctuary]].]]

== Vocalisation ==
Like other gibbons, hoolock gibbon pairs produce a loud, elaborate song, usually as a duet from the forest canopy, in which younger individuals of the family group may join. The song includes an introductory sequence, an organising sequence, and a great call sequence, with the male also contributing to the latter (unlike in some other gibbon species).<ref>{{Cite book|title=Mammals of South Asia|last1=Kakati|first1=Kashmira|last2=Alfred|first2=J. R. B.|last3=Sati|first3=J. P.|publisher=Universities Press|year=2013|isbn=978-81-7371-590-7|editor-last=Johnsingh|editor-first=A. J. T.|volume=1|location=Hyderabad|pages=332–354|chapter=Hoolock gibbon|editor-last2=Manjrekar|editor-first2=N.}}</ref>

[[File:Hoolock gibbon Mizoram.ogg|thumb|Western hoolock gibbons calling from the rainforest canopy in Dampa Tiger Reserve, Mizoram, India]]

==Habitat and Diet==
In India and Bangladesh, the western hoolock gibbon is found where the canopy is contiguous, broad-leaved, wet evergreen and mixed evergreen forests, including dipterocarp forests and often in mountainous terrain. The species is an important seed disperser; its diet includes mostly ripe fruits, with some flowers, leaves, and shoots.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Borah |first1=Mrigakhi |last2=Devi |first2=Ashalata |last3=Kumar |first3=Awadhesh |date=11 September 2017 |title=Diet and feeding ecology of the western hoolock gibbon (Hoolock hoolock) in a tropical forest fragment of Northeast India |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10329-017-0627-6 |journal=Primates |language=en |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=31–44 |doi=10.1007/s10329-017-0627-6 |pmid=28894949 |s2cid=12152723 |issn=0032-8332|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The western hoolock gibbon also feeds on non-plant items such as silkworms, ants, and various other insect species.<ref name=":0" /> During the monsoon season of northeast India, insects are recorded to be this species' second preferred food item, behind [[Artocarpus chaplasha|Artocarpus ''chaplasha'']]'','' a fruit bearing tree in the same genus of jack fruit.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Borah; Mrigakhi; Asglata, Devi; Awadhesh, Kumar |date=2014 |title=Feeding on Non-Plant Food Items by Western Hoolock Gibbon (Hoolock Hoolock) |url=https://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/107/10/1657.pdf |journal=Current Science (Bangalore) |volume=107 |issue=10 |pages=1657–660 |via=Current Science}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ray |first1=Parimal Chandra |last2=Kumar |first2=Awadhesh |last3=Devi |first3=Ashalata |last4=Krishna |first4=Murali C. |last5=Khan |first5=M. L. |last6=Brockelman |first6=W. Y. |date=2015 |title=Habitat Characteristics and Their Effects on the Density of Groups of Western Hoolock Gibbon (Hoolock hoolock) in Namdapha National Park, Arunachal Pradesh, India |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10764-015-9834-4 |journal=International Journal of Primatology |language=en |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=445–459 |doi=10.1007/s10764-015-9834-4 |s2cid=7098362 |issn=0164-0291|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
[[File:Western hoolock gibbon - Hollongapar Gibbon Sanctuary 2023-01-12 03.jpg|center|thumb|Female Western hoolock gibbon at [[Hoollongapar Gibbon Sanctuary|Hoollangapar Gibbon Sanctuary]].]]

==Conservation==
Numerous threats exist for western hoolock gibbons in the wild, and they are now entirely dependent on human action for their survival. Threats include habitat encroachment by humans, forest clearance for [[tea]] cultivation, the practice of ''jhuming'' ([[slash-and-burn]] cultivation), hunting for food and "medicine", capture for trade, and [[forest degradation]].<ref name="iucn" />
[[File:Western hoolock gibbon - Hollongapar Gibbon Sanctuary 2023-01-12 02.jpg|left|thumb|Male Western hoolock gibbon hanging from lower branches at [[Hoollongapar Gibbon Sanctuary]].]]
Since the 1980s, western hoolock gibbon numbers are estimated to have dropped from more than 100,000 (Assam alone was estimated to have around 80,000 in the early 1970s) to less than 5,000 individuals (a decline of more than 90%).<ref>{{cite web | title = Western Hoolock Gibbon, ''Hoolock hoolock'' | url = http://www.primate-sg.org/hoolock07.htm | access-date = 2008-03-10}}</ref> In 2009 it was considered to be one of [[The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates|the 25 most endangered primates]],<ref name="2008-2010Top25">{{cite book | editor1-last = Mittermeier | editor1-first = R.A. | editor2-last = Wallis | editor2-first = J. | editor3-last = Rylands | editor3-first = A.B. | editor4-last = Ganzhorn | editor4-first = J.U. | editor5-last = Oates | editor5-first = J.F. | editor6-last = Williamson | editor6-first = E.A. | editor7-last = Palacios | editor7-first = E. | editor8-last = Heymann | editor8-first = E.W. | editor9-last = Kierulff | editor9-first = M.C.M. | editor10-last = Long | editor10-first = Yongcheng | editor11-last = Supriatna | editor11-first = J. | editor12-last = Roos | editor12-first = C. | editor13-last = Walker | editor13-first = S. | editor14-last = Cortés-Ortiz | editor14-first = L. | editor15-last = Schwitzer | editor15-first = C. | others = Illustrated by S.D. Nash | editor-link = Russell Mittermeier | year = 2009 | title = Primates in Peril: The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates 2008–2010 | publisher = IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG), International Primatological Society (IPS), and Conservation International (CI) | location = Arlington, VA | pages = 1–92 | isbn = 978-1-934151-34-1 | url = http://www.primate-sg.org/PDF/Primates.in.Peril.2008–2010.pdf}}</ref>
though it has been dropped from the later editions of the list,<ref>{{cite book| editor1-last = Mittermeier | editor1-first = R.A. | editor2-last = Schwitzer | editor2-first = C. | editor3-last = Rylands | editor3-first = A.B. | editor4-last = Taylor| editor4-first = L.A. | editor5-last = Chiozza | editor5-first = F. | editor6-last = Williamson | editor6-first = E.A. | editor7-last = Wallis | editor7-first = J. | others = Illustrated by S.D. Nash | editor-link = Russell Mittermeier | year = 2012 | title = Primates in Peril: The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates 2012–2014 | publisher = IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG), International Primatological Society (IPS), Conservation International (CI), and Bristol Conservation and Science Foundation | pages = 1–40 | url = https://static1.1.sqspcdn.com/static/f/1200343/25117808/1403888374823/Primates_in_Peril_2012-2014_Full_Report.pdf?token=SWlE8nHhRTZJh%2F%2BZ%2FQ3kXz%2BX9R8%3D |isbn=978-1-934151-69-3}}</ref> and is rated as [[endangered species|endangered]] by the [[IUCN]].<ref name=iucn/>

There are multiple conservation agencies that work to protect the western hoolock gibbon's habitat. A few organizations that help to fund the protection of their habitats are World Land Trust <ref>{{Cite web |last=Farrows |title=WESTERN HOOLOCK GIBBON |url=https://www.worldlandtrust.org/species/mammals/western-hoolock-gibbon/ |access-date=2023-12-11 |website=World Land Trust |language=en}}</ref> and Gibbon Conservation Alliance.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gibbon Conservation Alliance - Projects |url=http://www.gibbonconservation.org/05_projects_engl.html |access-date=2023-12-11 |website=www.gibbonconservation.org}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Lawachara National Park]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Hylobatidae nav}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q577084}}

[[Category:Hoolock gibbons|western hoolock gibbon]]
[[Category:Primates of South Asia]]
[[Category:Mammals of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Mammals of Myanmar]]
[[Category:Mammals of India]]
[[Category:Endangered fauna of Asia]]
[[Category:Species that are or were threatened by the pet trade]]
[[Category:Mammals described in 1834|western hoolock gibbon]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Richard Harlan]]
[[Category:Endangered Fauna of China]]

East African campaign (World War II)

2026-03-20T18:19:51Z

Srcsdoon:

{{Use British English|date=November 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{short description|World War II campaign against Italy from 1940 to 1941}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = East African campaign
| partof = [[Mediterranean and Middle East theatre]] of the [[Second World War]]
| campaign =
| image = MoyaleEastAfrica1941.JPG
| image_upright = 1.0
| caption = South African soldiers with a captured Italian flag, 1941
| date = 10 June 1940 – 27 November 1941 ({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=06|day1=10|year1=1940|month2=11|day2=27|year2=1941}}) ([[Italian guerrilla war in Ethiopia|Guerrilla war until 8 September 1943]])
| place = [[East Africa]] ([[Ethiopia]], [[Somalia]], [[Somaliland]], [[Eritrea]], [[Djibouti]], [[Sudan]] and [[Kenya]])
| result = Allied victory
| territory = Dissolution of [[Italian East Africa]] (AOI) [[British Military Administration (Eritrea)|Eritrea]], [[British Military Administration (Somaliland)|Somaliland]] and [[Occupied Enemy Territory Administration (Ethiopia)|Ethiopia]] under British military administration
| combatants_header = [[World War II by country|Belligerents]]
| combatant1 = {{clist|bullets=yes|title={{nobold|{{flag|United Kingdom}} and [[British Empire|Empire]]:}}
| {{flagcountry|British Raj}}
| {{flagcountry|Union of South Africa}}
| {{flagdeco|Kenya|colonial}} [[Kenya Colony|Kenya]]
| {{flagcountry|Anglo-Egyptian Sudan}}
| {{flagdeco|Nigeria|colonial}} [[Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria|Nigeria]]
| {{flag|Gold Coast}}
| {{flagcountry|British Somaliland|1903}}
| {{flag|Northern Rhodesia}}
| {{flag|Southern Rhodesia}}
| {{flagdeco|Uganda|colonial}} [[Uganda Protectorate|Uganda]]
| {{flag|Nyasaland}}
| {{flag|Australia}}
| {{flagcountry|Dominion of New Zealand}}
}}{{flagicon|Ethiopian Empire}} [[Arbegnoch]] {{flagcountry|Belgian government in exile}}
* {{flag|Belgian Congo|name=Congo}}
{{flag|Free France}}
* {{flagdeco|Free France}} [[French Equatorial Africa|Equatorial Africa]]
| combatant2 = {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Italy}}
* {{flagcountry|Italian East Africa}}
| commander1 = {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Archibald Wavell]] {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Alfred Reade Godwin-Austen|R. Godwin-Austen]] {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[William Platt]] {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Alan Cunningham]] {{flagicon|Ethiopian Empire}} [[Abebe Aregai]] {{flagicon|Ethiopian Empire}} [[Mengesha Jembere]] {{flagicon|Belgian government in exile}} [[Auguste Gilliaert]] {{flagicon|Free France}} [[Ralph Monclar]]
| commander2 = {{flagicon|Kingdom of Italy}} [[Amedeo, 3rd Duke of Aosta|Duke of Aosta]]{{Surrendered}} {{flagicon|Kingdom of Italy}} [[Pietro Gazzera]]{{Surrendered}} {{flagicon|Kingdom of Italy}} [[Guglielmo Nasi]]{{Surrendered}} {{flagicon|Kingdom of Italy}} [[Luigi Frusci]]{{Surrendered}} {{flagicon|Kingdom of Italy}} [[Carlo De Simone]]{{Surrendered}}
| strength1 = {{clist|bullets=yes|title={{nobold|~115,000 troops}}
|{{flagdeco|United Kingdom}} 77,000{{sfn|Brock Katz|2017|p=34}}
|{{flagdeco|Ethiopian Empire}} 30,000{{sfn|Milkias|2011|pp=58–59 Better source needed}}
|{{flagdeco|Belgium}} 6,000{{sfn|Reybrouck|2014|p=132}}
|{{flagdeco|Free France}} 2,000
}}
80+ aircraft 2 cruisers 2 destroyers 2 auxiliary cruisers
| strength2 = {{clist|bullets=yes|title={{nobold|~250,000 troops}}
|Italian: 50,000{{sfn|Stewart|2016|p=187}}
|Colonial: 200,000{{sfn|Maravigna|1949|p=191}}
|[[German Motorized Company|German]]: 140
}}
323 aircraft 63 tanks 126 armoured cars
| casualties1 = '''British Empire:''' 1,154 killed 74,550 wounded or sick{{efn|1,756 South African{{cn|date=October 2024}}}} 138 aircraft '''Ethiopia:''' ~5,000 killed<ref>{{cite web |title=Research Starters: Worldwide Deaths in World War II |url=https://www.nationalww2museum.org/students-teachers/student-resources/research-starters/research-starters-worldwide-deaths-world-war |website=The National WWII Museum}}</ref> '''Belgium:''' 462 killed '''Free France:''' 2 aircraft
| casualties2 = '''Italy:''' 16,966 killed (5,511 Italian) 25,098 wounded or sick ~230,000 captured 250 aircraft
| notes = AOI casualties exclude Giuba and the eastern front
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox East African Campaign (World War II)}}
{{Campaignbox Mediterranean and Middle East Theatre}}
{{WWIITheatre}}
}}
The '''East African campaign''' (also known as the '''Abyssinian campaign''') was fought in [[East Africa]] during the [[Second World War]] by [[Allies of World War II]], mainly from the [[British Empire]], against [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]] and its colony of [[Italian East Africa]], between June 1940 and November 1941. The British [[Middle East Command]] with troops from the [[United Kingdom]], [[Union of South Africa|South Africa]], [[British Raj|British India]], [[Uganda Protectorate]], [[British Kenya|Kenya]], [[British Somaliland|Somaliland]], [[British West Africa|West Africa]], [[Northern Rhodesia|Northern]] and [[Southern Rhodesia]], [[Anglo-Egyptian Sudan|Sudan]] and [[Nyasaland]] participated in the campaign. These were joined by the Allied {{lang|fr|[[Force Publique]]}} of [[Belgian Congo]], [[Ethiopian Empire|Imperial Ethiopian]] [[Arbegnoch]] (resistance forces) and a small unit of [[Free French Forces]].

Italian East Africa was defended by the {{lang|it|Comando Forze Armate dell'Africa Orientale Italiana}} (Italian East African Armed Forces Command), with units from the {{lang|it|[[Regio Esercito]]}} (Royal Army), {{lang|it|[[Regia Aeronautica]]}} (Royal Air Force) and {{lang|it|[[Regia Marina]]}} (Royal Navy). The Italian forces included about 250,000 soldiers of the {{lang|it|[[Regio Corpo Truppe Coloniali]]}} (Royal Corps of Colonial Troops), led by Italian officers and [[NCOs]]. With Britain in control of the [[Suez Canal]], the Italian forces were cut off from supplies and reinforcement once hostilities began.

On 13 June 1940, an Italian air raid took place on the RAF base at [[Wajir]] in Kenya and the air war continued until Italian forces had been pushed back from Kenya and Sudan, through Somaliland, [[Italian Eritrea|Eritrea]] and Ethiopia in 1940 and early 1941. The remnants of the Italian forces in the region surrendered after the [[Battle of Gondar]] in November 1941, except for small groups that fought a [[Italian guerrilla war in Ethiopia|guerrilla war in Ethiopia]] against the British until the [[Armistice of Cassibile]] in September 1943, which ended the war between Italy and the Allies. The East African campaign was the first Allied strategic victory in the war; few Italian forces escaped the region to be used in other campaigns and the Italian defeat greatly eased the flow of supplies through the [[Red Sea]] to Egypt. Most of the Commonwealth forces were transferred to North Africa to participate in the [[Western Desert campaign]].

==Background==

===Italian East Africa===

{{main|Second Italo-Abyssinian War|Order of Battle, East African Campaign (World War II)}}
[[File:Italian East Africa.png|thumb|upright=.75|{{centre|The AOI in 1936. British Somaliland [[Italian conquest of British Somaliland|annexed]], 1940}}]]
On 9 May 1936, the Italian dictator, [[Benito Mussolini]], proclaimed the formation of Italian East Africa (''Africa Orientale Italiana'', AOI), from [[Ethiopia]] after the [[Second Italo-Abyssinian War]] and the colonies of Italian Eritrea and [[Italian Somaliland]].{{sfn|Playfair|1959|p=2}} On 10 June 1940, Mussolini declared war on Britain and [[French Third Republic|France]], which made Italian military forces in [[Italian Libya|Libya]] a threat to Egypt and those in the AOI a danger to the British and French colonies in East Africa. Italian belligerence also closed the Mediterranean to Allied merchant ships and endangered British sea lanes along the coast of East Africa, the [[Gulf of Aden]], the Red Sea and the Suez Canal. (The [[Kingdom of Egypt]] remained [[Neutrality (international relations)|neutral]] during the Second World War but the terms of the [[Anglo-Egyptian treaty of 1936]] allowed the British to occupy Egypt and Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.){{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=6–7, 69}} Egypt, the Suez Canal, [[French Somaliland]] and British Somaliland were also vulnerable to invasion but the Italian General Staff had planned for a war after 1942; in the summer of 1940 Italy was far from ready for a long war or for the occupation of large areas of [[Africa]].{{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=38–40}}

===={{lang|it|Regio Esercito}}====
[[File:Italian East Africa (1938–1941).svg|thumb|{{centre|[[Italian East Africa]], May 1940, before the conquest of [[British Somaliland]]}}]]

[[Amedeo, Duke of Aosta]], was appointed [[Viceroy]] and [[Governor-General]] of the AOI in November 1937, with a headquarters in [[Addis Ababa]], the Ethiopian capital. On 1 June 1940, as the commander in chief of {{lang|it|Comando Forze Armate dell'Africa Orientale Italiana}} (Italian East African Armed Forces Command) and {{lang|it|Generale d'Armata Aerea}} (General of the Air Force), Aosta had about {{nowrap|290,476 local}} and metropolitan troops (including naval and air force personnel). By 1 August, mobilisation had increased the number to {{nowrap|371,053 troops.}}{{sfn|Playfair|1959|p=93}} On 10 June, the Italian army was organised in three corps and one division commands,
* Northern Sector, in [[Asmara]], Lieutenant General [[Luigi Frusci]] ([[Italian Eritrea]])
* Southern Sector, in [[Jimma]], General [[Pietro Gazzera]]
* Eastern Sector, in [[Addis Ababa]], General [[Guglielmo Nasi]]
* Giuba Sector, in [[Mogadishu]], Lieutenant General [[Carlo De Simone]] (Southern [[Italian Somaliland]])

Aosta had two metropolitan divisions, the [[40th Infantry Division "Cacciatori d'Africa"]] and the [[65th Infantry Division "Granatieri di Savoia"]], the Alpini Battalion "Uork Amba" of the [[7th Alpini Regiment]] {{lang|it|[[Alpini]]}} (elite mountain troops), a {{lang|it|[[Bersaglieri]]}} battalion of motorised infantry, several [[Blackshirt]] {{lang|it|[[Milizia Coloniale]]}} battalions and smaller units. About 70 per cent of Italian troops were locally recruited [[Askari]]. The regular Eritrean battalions and the {{lang|it|Regio Corpo Truppe Coloniali}} (RCTC [[Royal Corps of Somali Colonial Troops]]) were among the best Italian units in the AOI and included Eritrean cavalry {{lang|it|Penne di Falco}} (Falcon Feathers).{{sfn|Playfair|1959|p=166}} (On one occasion a squadron of horse charged British and Commonwealth troops, throwing small hand grenades from the saddle.) Most colonial troops were recruited, trained and equipped for colonial repression, although the Somali [[Dubats]] from the borderlands were useful light infantry and skirmishers. Irregular {{lang|it|[[Bands (Italian Army irregulars)|bande]]}} were hardy and mobile, knew the country and were effective scouts and saboteurs, although sometimes confused with ''Shifta'', marauders who plundered and murdered at will.{{sfn|Stewart|2016|pp=55–56}}

Once Italy entered the war, a 100-strong company was formed from German residents of East Africa and stranded German sailors.{{sfn|Schreiber|Stegemann|Vogel|2015|p=263}} Italian forces in East Africa were equipped with about {{nowrap|3,313 heavy}} machine-guns, {{nowrap|5,313 machine-guns,}} 24 [[M11/39]] medium tanks, 39 [[L3/35]] tankettes, {{nowrap|126 armoured cars}} and {{nowrap|824 guns,}} twenty-four {{nowrap|20 mm}} anti-aircraft guns, seventy-one {{nowrap|81 mm mortars}} and {{nowrap|672,800 rifles.}}{{sfn|Marino|2009|p=31}} The Italians had little opportunity for reinforcement or supply, leading to severe shortages, especially of ammunition.{{sfn|Stewart|2016|p=14}} On occasion, foreign merchant vessels captured by German [[merchant raider]]s in the [[Indian Ocean]] were brought to Somali ports but their cargoes were not always of much use to the Italian war effort. On 22 November 1940 the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia|Yugoslav]] steamer ''Durmitor'', captured by the German auxiliary cruiser ''[[German auxiliary cruiser Atlantis|Atlantis]]'', put in at [[Warsheikh]] with a cargo of salt and several hundred prisoners.{{sfn|Mohr|Sellwood|2009|p=126}}

===={{lang|it|Regia Aeronautica}}====
[[File:Savoia-Marchetti S.M.79 flight in formation.jpg|thumb|{{centre|Savoia-Marchetti SM.79 formation}}]]
The {{lang|it|Comando Aeronautica Africa Orientale Italiana}} (CAAOI) of the {{lang|it|Regia Aeronautica}} (General Pietro Pinna) based in Addis Ababa, had three sector commands corresponding to the land fronts,
* {{lang|it|Comando Settore Aeronautico Nord}} (Air Sector Headquarters North)
* {{lang|it|Comando Settore Aeronautico Est}} (Air Sector Headquarters West)
* {{lang|it|Comando Settore Aeronautico Sud}} (Air Sector Headquarters South)
In June 1940, there were {{nowrap|323 aircraft}} in the AOI, in {{nowrap|23 bomber}} squadrons with {{nowrap|138 aircraft,}} comprising {{nowrap|14 squadrons}} with six aircraft each, six [[Caproni Ca.133]] light bomber squadrons, seven [[Savoia-Marchetti SM.81]] squadrons and two squadrons of [[Savoia-Marchetti SM.79]]s. Four fighter squadrons had {{nowrap|36 aircraft}}, comprising two nine-aircraft [[Fiat CR.32]] squadrons and two nine-aircraft [[Fiat CR.42 Falco]] squadrons; CAAOI had one reconnaissance squadron with nine [[IMAM Ro.37]] aircraft. There were {{nowrap|183 first line}} aircraft and another {{nowrap|140 in}} reserve, of which {{nowrap|59 were}} operational and {{nowrap|81 were}} unserviceable.{{sfn|Santoro|1957|p=146}}{{efn|Serviceable: thirty-five Ca.133, one SM.81, four SM.79, five CR.32, twelve CR.42 and two Ro.37, unserviceable: forty-eight Ca.133, sixteen SM.81, two SM.79, eleven CR.32, two CR.42 and two Ro.37.{{sfn|Santoro|1957|p=146}}{{sfn|Shores|1996|p=11}}}}

On the outbreak of war, the CAAOI had {{cvt|10700|t|LT}} of aviation fuel, {{cvt|5300|t|LT}} of bombs and {{nowrap|8,620,000 rounds}} of ammunition. Aircraft and engine maintenance was conducted at the main air bases and at the Caproni and Piaggio workshops, which could repair about fifteen seriously-damaged aircraft and engines each month, along with some moderately and lightly damaged aircraft and could also recycle scarce materials.{{sfn|Santoro|1957|p=146}} The Italians had reserves for 75 per cent of their front-line strength but lacked spare parts and many aircraft were cannibalised to keep others operational.{{sfn|Shores|1996|pp=7–8}} The quality of the units varied. The SM.79 was the only modern bomber and the CR.32 fighter was obsolete but the {{lang|it|Regia Aeronautica}} in East Africa had a cadre of highly experienced [[Spanish Civil War]] veterans.{{sfn|Shores|1996|pp=8–9}} There was the nucleus of a transport fleet, with nine [[Savoia-Marchetti S.73]], nine Ca.133, six Ca.148 (a lengthened version of the Ca.133) and a [[Fokker F.VII]], which maintained internal communications and carried urgent items and personnel between sectors.{{sfn|Santoro|1957|p=146}}

===={{lang|it|Regia Marina}}====
[[File:Un-eritrea.png|thumb|{{centre|Modern map of Eritrea showing Massawa (now Mitsiwa'e)}}]]
From 1935 to 1940 the {{lang|it|Regia Marina}} (Italian Royal Navy) laid plans for an ocean-going "escape fleet" ({{lang|it|Flotta d'evasione}}) equipped for service in the tropics. The plans varied from three battleships, an aircraft carrier, twelve cruisers, 36 destroyers and 30 submarines to a more realistic two cruisers, eight destroyers and twelve submarines.{{sfn|O'Hara|2009|pp=279, 99}} Even the lower establishment proved too expensive and in 1940 the [[Red Sea Flotilla]] had seven older fleet [[destroyers]], the 5th Destroyer Division with the [[Leone-class destroyer]]s {{ship|Italian destroyer|Pantera||2}}, {{ship|Italian destroyer|Tigre||2}} and {{ship|Italian destroyer|Leone||2}} and the 3rd Destroyer Division with the Sauro-class [[torpedo boat#Torpedo boat destroyers|torpedo boats]] (a class of ships between the size of small, fast motor torpedo boats and destroyers, not found in the Royal Navy) {{ship|Italian destroyer|Francesco Nullo|1925|2}}, {{ship|Italian destroyer|Nazario Sauro||2}}, {{ship|Italian destroyer|Cesare Battisti||2}} and {{ship|Italian destroyer|Daniele Manin||2}}. There were ''Orsini'' and ''Acerbi'' two old local defence torpedo boats and a squadron of five first world war {{lang|it|[[MAS (ships)|Motoscafo Armato Silurante]]}} (MAS, [[motor torpedo boats]]).{{sfnm|1a1=O'Hara|1y=2009|1p=99|2a1=Roskill|2y=1957|2pp=597, 49, 308, 426}}

The Flotilla had eight modern [[submarines]] ([[Italian submarine Archimede (1939)|''Archimede'']], [[Italian submarine Galileo Ferraris (1934)|''Galileo Ferraris'']], [[Italian submarine Galileo Galilei|''Galileo Galilei'']], {{ship|Italian submarine|Torricelli|1939|2}}, ''Galvani'', [[Italian submarine Guglielmotti (1938)|''Guglielmotti'']], [[Italian submarine Macallé|Macallé]] and [[Italian submarine Perla|''Perla'']]). The flotilla was based at [[Massawa]] in Eritrea on the Red Sea. The port linked [[German-occupied Europe|Axis-occupied Europe]] and the naval facilities in the [[Kingdom of Italy|Italian]] [[Concession (territory)|concession zone]] at [[Tientsin]] in China.{{sfnm|1a1=O'Hara|1y=2009|1p=99|2a1=Roskill|2y=1957|2pp=597, 49, 308, 426}} There were limited port facilities at [[Assab]], in Eritrea and at [[Mogadishu]] in Italian Somaliland. When the Mediterranean route was closed to Allied merchant ships in April 1940, the Italian naval bases in East Africa were well placed for attacks on convoys en route to Suez up the east coast of Africa and through the Red Sea. The finite resources in Italian East Africa were intended to last for a war of about six months' duration, the submarines denying the Red Sea route to the British.{{sfn|O'Hara|2009|p=99}}

===Mediterranean and Middle East===
{{see also|Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II|l1=Mediterranean and Middle East Theatre}}
[[File:Africa1940.png|thumb|{{centre|Northern Africa in 1940}}]]
The British had based [[History of Egypt under the British|forces in Egypt]] since 1882 but these were greatly reduced by the terms of the [[Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936]]. A small British and [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] force garrisoned the Suez Canal and the Red Sea route, which was vital to British communications with its Indian Ocean and Far Eastern territories. In mid-1939, General [[Archibald Wavell]] was appointed [[General Officer Commanding-in-Chief]] (GOC-in-C) of the new Middle East Command, over the [[Mediterranean, Middle East and African theatres of World War II|Mediterranean and Middle East]] theatres. Wavell was responsible for the defence of Egypt through the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, British Troops Egypt, to train the [[Egyptian Army]].{{sfn|Raugh|1993|pp=39–40}}

Wavell also had to co-ordinate military operations with the Commander-in-Chief Mediterranean, Admiral [[Andrew Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope|Andrew Cunningham]], the [[Commander-in-Chief, East Indies]] (Vice-Admiral [[Ralph Leatham]]) the [[Commander-in-Chief India]], General [[Robert Cassels]], the Inspector General, African Colonial Forces, Major-General [[Douglas Dickinson]] and the [[Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief]] [[RAF Middle East Command|Middle East]], Air Chief Marshal [[William Mitchell (RAF officer)|William Mitchell]].{{sfn|Raugh|1993|pp=39–40}}{{efn|Wavell also had to liaise with the ambassadors to Egypt and Iraq, the Governor-General of Sudan, the High Commissioner for Palestine and Transjordan, the governors of Cyprus, Aden and British Somaliland and the [[Political Resident]] in the Persian Gulf.{{sfn|Raugh|1993|p=39}}}} French divisions in [[French protectorate of Tunisia|Tunisia]] faced the Italian [[Fifth Army (Italy)|5th Army]] on the Libyan frontier, until the Franco-Axis [[Armistice of 22 June 1940]].) In Libya, the [[Regio Esercito (World War II)|''Regio Esercito Italiana'']] (Royal Italian Army) had about {{nowrap|215,000 men}} and in Egypt, the British had about {{nowrap|36,000 troops,}} with another {{nowrap|27,500 men}} training in Palestine.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=19, 93}} Wavell had about {{nowrap|86,000 troops}} for Libya, [[Kingdom of Iraq|Iraq]], [[Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon|Syria]], [[Pahlavi Iran|Iran]] and East Africa.{{sfn|Dear|2005|p=245}}

===Middle East Command===
Middle East Command was established before the war to control land operations and co-ordinate with the naval and air commands in the Mediterranean and Middle East. Wavell was allowed only five staff officers for plans and command of an area of {{cvt|3500000|sqmi|km2}}.{{sfn|Raugh|1993|p=65}} From 1940 to 1941, operations took place in the [[Western Desert (Egypt)|Western Desert]] of Egypt, East Africa, [[Kingdom of Greece|Greece]] and the [[Middle East]]. In July 1939, Wavell devised a strategy to defend and then to dominate the Mediterranean as a base to attack [[Nazi Germany|Germany]] through eastern and south-eastern Europe. The conquest of Italian East Africa came second only to the defence of Egypt and the Suez Canal. In August, Wavell ordered for plans to be made quickly to gain control of the Red Sea. He specified a concept of offensive operations from [[Djibouti City|Djibouti]] to [[Harar]] and then Addis Ababa or [[Kassala]] to [[Asmara]] then Massawa, preferably on both lines simultaneously. Wavell reconnoitred East Africa in January 1940 and the theatre was formally added to his responsibilities. He expected that the Somalilands could be defended with minor reinforcement. If Italy joined the war, Ethiopia would be invaded as soon as there were sufficient troops. Wavell also co-ordinated plans with South Africa in March. On 1 May 1940, Wavell ordered British Troops Egypt to mobilise discreetly for military operations in western Egypt but after the [[Battle of France|June debacle in France]], Wavell had to follow a defensive strategy.{{sfn|Raugh|1993|pp=169–170, 67}}

After Italian operations in Sudan at Kassala and Gallabat in June, [[Winston Churchill]] blamed Wavell for a "static policy". [[Anthony Eden]], the [[Secretary of State for War]], communicated to Wavell that an Italian advance towards [[Khartoum]] should be destroyed. Wavell replied that the Italian attacks were not serious but went to Sudan and Kenya to see for himself and met Ethiopian Emperor [[Haile Selassie]] at Khartoum.{{sfn|Raugh|1993|pp=67, 72–73}} Eden convened a conference in Khartoum at the end of October 1940 with Selassie, South African Prime Minister [[Jan Smuts]] (an advisor to Churchill), Wavell, Lieutenant-General [[William Platt]] and Lieutenant-General [[Alan Cunningham]]. A plan to attack Ethiopia, including support for Ethiopian irregular forces, was agreed.{{sfn|Dear|2005|p=245}} In November 1940, the British gained an intelligence advantage when the [[Government Code and Cypher School]] (GC & CS) at [[Bletchley Park]] broke the high grade cypher of the Italian Army in East Africa. Later that month, the replacement cypher for the {{lang|it|Regia Aeronautica}} was broken by the Combined Bureau, Middle East (CBME).{{sfn|Dear|2005|p=247}}

In September 1940, Wavell ordered the commanders in Sudan and Kenya to make limited attacks once the rainy season had ended. On the northern front, Platt was to attack [[Gallabat]] and the vicinity; on the southern front, Cunningham was to advance northwards from Kenya through Italian Somaliland into Ethiopia. In early November 1940, Cunningham had taken over the [[East Africa Command|East African Force]] from Dickinson, who was in poor health. While Platt advanced from the north and Cunningham from the south, Wavell planned for a third force to be landed in British Somaliland by amphibious assault to re-take the colony, prior to advancing into Ethiopia. The three forces were to rendezvous at Addis Ababa. The conquest of the AOI would remove the land threat to supplies and reinforcements coming from Australia, New Zealand, India, South Africa and British East Africa via the Suez Canal for the Western Desert campaign and re-open the land route from [[Cape Town]] to [[Cairo]].{{sfn|Raugh|1993|pp=168–173}}

====East Africa Force====
On 10 June 1940, East Africa Force (Major-General Douglas Dickinson) was established for North-East Africa, East Africa and [[British Central Africa]]. In Sudan about {{nowrap|8,500 troops}} and {{nowrap|80 aircraft}} guarded a {{cvt|1200|mi|km}} frontier with the AOI.{{sfn|Richards|1974|pp=249–250}} Platt had 21 companies (4,500 men) of the [[Sudan Defence Force]] (SDF) of which five (later six) were organised as motor machine-gun companies. There was no artillery, but the Sudan Horse was converting to a [[3.7-inch mountain howitzer]] battery. The 1st Battalion [[Worcestershire Regiment]], 1st Battalion [[Essex Regiment]] and the 2nd Battalion [[West Yorkshire Regiment]], were, in mid-September, incorporated into the [[29th Indian Infantry Brigade]], [[10th Indian Infantry Brigade]] and [[9th Indian Infantry Brigade]] respectively of the [[5th Indian Infantry Division]] (Major-General [[Lewis Heath]]) when it arrived.{{sfn|Mackenzie|1951|pp=21, 30}}

The [[4th Indian Infantry Division]] (Major-General [[Noel Beresford-Peirse]]) was transferred from Egypt in December.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=169, 265}} The British had an assortment of armoured cars and B Squadron [[4th Royal Tank Regiment]] (4th RTR) with [[Matilda II|Matilda]] [[infantry tank]]s joined the 4th Indian Division in January 1941.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|p=400}} On the outbreak of hostilities, Lieutenant-Colonel [[Arthur Reginald Chater]] in British Somaliland had about {{nowrap|1,754 troops}} comprising the [[Somaliland Camel Corps]] (SCC) and a battalion of the 1st Battalion Northern Rhodesia Regiment. By August, the [[2nd Punjab Regiment|1/2nd Punjab]] and 3/5th Punjab regiments had been transferred from Aden and the 2nd Battalion of the [[King's African Rifles]] (KAR) with the 1st East African Light Battery (3.7-inch howitzers) came from Kenya, raising the total to {{nowrap|4,000 troops,}} in the first week of August. In the [[Aden Protectorate]], [[British Forces Aden]] (Air Vice-Marshal [[George Reid (RAF officer)|George Reid]]) had a garrison of the two Indian infantry battalions until they were transferred to British Somaliland in August.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=94, 172}}

====Ethiopia====
In August 1939, Wavell had ordered a covert plan to encourage the rebellion in the western Ethiopian province of [[Gojjam]], which the Italians had never been able to repress. In September, Colonel [[Daniel Sandford (soldier)|Daniel Sandford]] arrived to run the project, but until the Italian declaration of war, the conspiracy was held back by the government's policy of appeasement.{{sfn|Barker|1971|p=155}}{{efn|Sandford had 25 years' experience of Ethiopia and was a friend of Selassie.{{sfn|Raugh|1993|p=170}}}} [[Gideon Force|Mission 101]] was formed to co-ordinate the activities of the Ethiopian resistance. In June 1940, Selassie arrived in Egypt and in July, went to Sudan to meet Platt and discuss plans to recapture Ethiopia, despite Platt's reservations.{{sfn|Barker|1971|p=155}} In July, the British recognised Selassie as emperor and in August, Mission 101 entered Gojjam province to reconnoitre. Sandford requested that supply routes be established before the rains ended, to the area north of [[Lake Tana]] and that Selassie should return in October, as a catalyst for the uprising. Gaining control of Gojjam required the Italian garrisons to be isolated along the main road from [[Bahir Dar]] Giorgis south of Lake Tana, to [[Dangila]], [[Debre Markos]] and Addis Ababa to prevent them concentrating against the ''[[Arbegnoch]]'' ([[Amharic]] for Patriots).{{sfn|Playfair|1959|p=403}}

Italian reinforcements arrived in October and patrolled more frequently, just as dissensions among local potentates were reconciled by Sandford's diplomacy.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|p=403}} The Frontier Battalion of the Sudan Defence Force, set up in May 1940, was joined at Khartoum by the 2nd Ethiopian and 4th Eritrean battalions, which were raised from émigré volunteers in Kenya. Operational Centres consisting of an officer, five NCOs and several picked Ethiopians were formed and trained in guerrilla warfare to provide leadership cadres and £1 million was set aside to finance operations. Major [[Orde Wingate]] was sent to Khartoum with an assistant to join the headquarters of the SDF. On 20 November, Wingate was flown to Sakhala to meet Sandford, and the RAF managed to bomb Dangila, drop propaganda leaflets and supply Mission 101, which raised Ethiopian morale, which had suffered much from Italian air power since the Second Italo-Abyssinian War. Mission 101 managed to persuade the ''Arbegnoch'' north of Lake Tana to spring several ambushes on the Metemma–Gondar road, and the Italian garrison at [[Wolkait]] was withdrawn in February 1941.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=404–405}}

==Northern front, 1940==

===British Somaliland 1940===
{{Main|Italian conquest of British Somaliland|Northern front, East Africa, 1940}}
[[File:Somaliland Italian invasion.png|thumb|{{centre|Italian invasion of British Somaliland August 1940}}]]
On 3 August 1940, the Italians invaded with two colonial brigades, four cavalry squadrons, {{nowrap|24 M11/39 medium}} tanks and L3/35 tankettes, several armoured cars, {{nowrap|21 howitzer}} batteries, pack artillery and air support.{{sfnm|1a1=Mackenzie|1y=1951|1p=23|2a1=Playfair|2y=1959|2p=170}} The British had a garrison of two companies of the Sudan Defence Force, two motor machine-gun companies and a mounted infantry company. Kassala was bombed and then attacked, the British retiring slowly.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|p=170}} On 4 August, the Italians advanced with a western column towards [[Zeila]], a central column (Lieutenant-General Carlo De Simone) towards [[Hargeisa]] and an eastern column towards [[Oodweyne|Odweina]] in the south. The SCC skirmished with the advancing Italians as the main British force slowly retired. On 5 August, the towns of Zeila and Hargeisa were captured, cutting off the British from French Somaliland. Odweina fell the following day and the Italian central and eastern columns joined. On 11 August, Major-General [[Alfred Reade Godwin-Austen]] was diverted to [[Berbera]], en route to Kenya to take command as reinforcements increased the British garrison to five battalions.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=174–175}} (From 5 to 19 August, RAF squadrons based at [[Aden]] flew 184 sorties, dropped {{cvt|60|LT|t}} of bombs, lost seven aircraft destroyed and ten damaged.){{sfn|Shores|1996|p=54}}

==== Battle of Tug Argan ====

[[File:Indian soldiers at a shore posts in Berbera - August 1940.jpg|thumb|{{centre|Indian soldiers at a shore post in [[Berbera]], August 1940.}}]]
On 11 August, the Italians began the [[Battle of Tug Argan]] ({{lang|SO|tug}}, a dry, sandy riverbed), where the road from Hargeisa crosses the Assa hills and by 14 August, the British were at risk of defeat in detail by the larger Italian force and its greater quantity of artillery. Close to being cut off and with only one battalion left in reserve, Godwin-Austen contacted [[Henry Maitland Wilson]], commander of the [[British Troops in Egypt]] in Cairo (Wavell was in London) and received permission to withdraw from the colony. The 2nd Battalion, [[Black Watch]], supported by two companies of the 2nd King's African Rifles and parties of the 1st/2nd Punjab Regiment covered the retreat of the British contingent to Berbera.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=172–177}}

By {{nowrap|2:00 p.m.}} on 18 August, most of the contingent had been evacuated to Aden but {{HMAS|Hobart|D63|6}} and the HQ stayed behind until morning before sailing and the Italians entered Berbera on the evening of 19 August.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=172–177}} In the final four days, the RAF flew twelve reconnaissance and {{nowrap|19 reconnaissance-bombing}} sorties, with {{nowrap|72 attacks}} on Italian transport and troop columns; {{nowrap|36 fighter}} sorties were flown over Berbera.{{sfn|Shores|1996|p=54}} The British suffered casualties of {{nowrap|38 killed}} and {{nowrap|222 wounded;}} the Italians suffered {{nowrap|2,052 casualties;}} fuel and ammunition expenditure and wear and tear on vehicles was difficult to remedy, which forced the Italians to return to the defensive.{{sfn|Raugh|1993|p=82}} Churchill criticised Wavell for abandoning the colony without enough fighting but Wavell called it a textbook withdrawal in the face of superior numbers.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|p=178}}

===Anglo-Egyptian Sudan===
{{main|Northern front, East Africa, 1940}}
[[File:Amadeo Aosta3rd 01.jpg|thumb|upright=.75|{{centre|Prince Amedeo Duke of Aosta, Commander in Chief of Italian military forces in Eritrea, Ethiopia and Italian Somaliland}}]]

Anglo-Egyptian Sudan shared a {{cvt|1000|mi}} border with the AOI and on 4 July 1940, was invaded by an Italian force of about {{nowrap|6,500 men}} from Eritrea, which advanced on a railway junction at Kassala. The Italians forced the British garrison of {{nowrap|320 men}} of the SDF and some local police to retire after inflicting casualties of {{nowrap|43 killed}} and {{nowrap|114 wounded}} for ten casualties of their own.{{sfn|Schreiber|2015|pp=262–263}}{{sfn|Raugh|1993|p=72}} The Italians also drove a platoon of No 3 Company, [[Eastern Arab Corps]] (EAC) of the SDF, from the small fort at Gallabat, just over the border from [[Metemma]], about {{cvt|200|mi}} south of Kassala and took the villages of [[Qaysān, Qēssan|Qaysān]], [[Kurmuk]] and Dumbode on the [[Blue Nile]]. From there the Italians ventured no further into Sudan owing to a lack of fuel and fortified Kassala with anti-tank defences, machine-gun posts and strongpoints, later establishing a brigade-strong garrison. The Italians were disappointed to find little anti-British sentiment among the Sudanese population.{{sfnm|1a1=Schreiber|1y=2015|1p=295|2a1=Playfair|2y=1959|2pp=170–171}}

The 5th Indian Division began to arrive in Sudan in early September 1940. The 29th Indian Infantry Brigade were placed on the Red Sea coast to protect [[Port Sudan]], the 9th Indian Infantry Brigade was based south-west of Kassala and the 10th Indian Infantry Brigade ([[William Slim]]) were sent to [[Gedaref]], with the divisional headquarters, to block an Italian attack on Khartoum from Goz Regeb to Gallabat, on a front of {{cvt|200|mi|km}}. Gazelle Force (Colonel [[Frank Messervy]]) was formed on 16 October, as a mobile unit to raid Italian territory and delay an Italian advance.{{sfnm|1a1=Prasad|1y=1963|1p=160|2a1=Stewart|2y=2016|2pp=151–152}}{{efn|[[1st Duke of York's Own Skinner's Horse]] (the 5th Indian Division reconnaissance regiment), One Troop 'P' Battery RHA, One Troop 28 Field Regiment RA ([[18-pounder]] field guns), 4 Ordnance Workshop Section, 170 Cavalry Field Ambulance (less detachment), 1 Motor Machine-Gun Group SDF (2, 4 and 6 Coys).{{sfn|Prasad|1963|p=160}}}}

Gallabat fort lay in Sudan and Metemma a short way across the Ethiopian border, beyond the Boundary Khor, a dry riverbed with steep banks covered by long grass. Both places were surrounded by field fortifications and Gallabat was held by a colonial infantry battalion. Metemma had two colonial battalions and a ''banda'' formation, all under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Castagnola. The 10th Indian Infantry Brigade, a field artillery regiment and B Squadron, 6th RTR with seven Cruiser Mk I (A9) tanks and seven [[Light Tank Mk VI]], attacked Gallabat on 6 November at {{nowrap|5:30 a.m.}}{{sfnm|1a1=Brown|1y=2017|1p=17|2a1=Hart|2y=1959|2p=293|3a1=Lewin|3y=1990|3p=65}} An RAF contingent of six [[Vickers Wellesley|Wellesley]] bombers and nine [[Gloster Gladiator]] fighters, were thought sufficient to overcome the {{nowrap|17 Italian}} fighters and {{nowrap|32 bombers}} believed to be in range.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|p=398}} The infantry assembled {{cvt|1|–|2|mi|km}} from Gallabat, whose garrison was unaware that an attack was coming, until the RAF bombed the fort and put the wireless out of action. The field artillery began a simultaneous bombardment; after an hour the gunners changed targets and bombarded Metemma. The previous night, the 4th Battalion [[10th Baluch Regiment]] occupied a hill overlooking the fort as a flank guard. The troops on the hill covered the advance at {{nowrap|6:40 a.m.}} of the [[The Garhwal Rifles|3rd Royal Garwhal Rifles]] followed by the tanks. The Indians reached Gallabat and fought hand-to-hand with the 65th Infantry Division "Granatieri di Savoia" and some Eritrean troops in the fort. At {{nowrap|8:00 a.m.}} the 25th and 77th Colonial battalions counter-attacked and were repulsed but three British tanks were knocked out by mines and six by mechanical failure caused by the rocky ground.{{sfn|Mackenzie|1951|p=33}}

The defenders at Boundary Khor were dug in behind fields of barbed wire and Castagnola had contacted Gondar for air support. Italian bombers and fighters attacked all day, shot down seven Gladiators for a loss of five [[Fiat CR-42]]s and destroyed the lorry carrying spare parts for the tanks. The ground was so hard and rocky that there were no trenches and when Italian bombers made their biggest attack, the infantry had no cover. An ammunition lorry was set on fire by burning grass and the sound was taken to be an Italian counter-attack from behind. When a platoon advanced towards the sound with fixed bayonets, some troops thought that they were retreating.{{sfn|Brett-James|1951|loc=ch 2}} Part of the 1st Battalion, Essex Regiment at the fort broke and ran, taking some of the Gahrwalis with them. Many of the British fugitives mounted their transport and drove off, spreading the panic and some of the runaways reached Doka before being stopped.{{sfn|Mackenzie|1951|p=33}}{{efn|The battalion was eventually replaced by the 2nd [[Highland Light Infantry]] and fought in Syria and Iraq.{{sfn|Mackenzie|1951|p=33}}}}

The Italian bombers returned next morning and Slim ordered a withdrawal from Gallabat Ridge {{cvt|3|mi|km}} west to less exposed ground that evening. Sappers from the 21st Field Company remained behind to demolish the remaining buildings and stores in the fort. The artillery bombarded Gallabat and Metemma and set off Italian ammunition dumps full of pyrotechnics. British casualties since 6 November were {{nowrap|42 men}} killed and {{nowrap|125 wounded.}}{{sfn|Playfair|1959|p=399}} The brigade patrolled to deny the fort to the Italians and on 9 November, two Baluch companies attacked and held the fort during the day and retired in the evening. During the night an Italian counter-attack was repulsed by artillery-fire and next morning the British re-occupied the fort unopposed. Ambushes were laid and prevented Italian reinforcements from occupying the fort or the hills on the flanks, despite frequent bombing by the {{lang|it|Regia Aeronautica}}.{{sfn|Brett-James|1951|loc=ch 2}}

==Southern front, 1940==

===British East Africa (Kenya)===
[[File:Un-kenya.png|thumb|{{centre|Modern map of Kenya}}]]
On the Italian declaration of war on 10 June 1940, East Africa Force (Lieutenant-General Douglas Dickinson) comprised two East African brigades of the King's African Rifles organised as a Northern Brigade and a Southern Brigade with a reconnaissance regiment, a light artillery battery and the [[22nd Mountain Battery]] [[Royal Indian Artillery]] (RIA). By March 1940, the KAR strength had reached 883 officers, 1,374 non-commissioned officers and 20,026 African other ranks.{{sfn|Mollo|McGregor|Turner|1981|p=133}}{{efn|In 1938, the combined strength of both units had been 94 officers, 60 [[Non-commissioned officer]]s (NCOs) and 2,821 African other ranks. After the outbreak of the war in Europe, the units provided the nucleus for the rapid expansion of the KAR, the size of a KAR battalion was established at 36 officers, 44 NCOs and men, with 1,050 African other ranks.{{sfn|Mollo|McGregor|Turner|1981|p=133}}}} Wavell ordered Dickinson to defend [[Kenya Colony|Kenya]] and to pin down as many Italian troops as possible. Dickinson planned to defend [[Mombasa]] with the 1st East African Infantry Brigade and to deny a crossing of the [[Tana River (Kenya)|Tana River]] and the fresh water at Wajir with the 2nd East African Infantry Brigade.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|p=180}}

Detachments were to be placed at [[Marsabit]], [[Moyale]] and at [[Turkana County|Turkana]] near Lake Rudolf (now [[Lake Turkana]]), an arc {{cvt|850|mi}} long. The Italians were thought to have troops at [[Kismayo]], Mogadishu, [[Dolo, Ethiopia|Dolo]], Moyale and [[Yabelo|Yavello]], which turned out to be colonial troops and ''bande'', with two brigades at [[Jimma]], ready to reinforce Moyale or attack Lake Rudolf and then invade [[Protectorate of Uganda|Uganda]].{{sfn|Playfair|1959|p=180}} By the end of July, the 3rd East African Infantry Brigade and the 6th East African Infantry Brigade had been formed. A Coastal Division and a Northern Frontier District Division had been planned but then the [[11th (African) Division]] and the [[2nd (African) Division (United Kingdom)|12th (African) Division]] were created instead.{{sfn|Mollo|McGregor|Turner|1981|p=133}}

On 1 June, the first South African unit arrived at the port of Mombasa in Kenya and by the end of July, the 1st South African Infantry Brigade Group had arrived. On 13 August, the [[1st South African Division]] was formed and by the end of 1940, about 27,000 South Africans were in East Africa, in the 1st South African Division, the 11th (African) Division and the 12th (African) Division. Each South African brigade group consisted of three rifle battalions, an armoured car company and signal, engineer and medical units.{{sfn|Mollo|McGregor|Turner|1981|pp=138–139}} By July, under the terms of a war contingency plan, the [[2nd (West Africa) Infantry Brigade]], from the [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]] ([[Ghana]]) and the [[1st (West Africa) Infantry Brigade]] from [[Colonial Nigeria|Nigeria]], were provided for service in Kenya by the [[Royal West African Frontier Force]] (RWAFF). The 1st (West African) Brigade, the two KAR brigades and some South African units, formed the 11th (African) Division. The 12th (African) Division had a similar formation with the 2nd (West African) Brigade.{{sfn|Mollo|McGregor|Turner|1981|p=133}}

At dawn on 17 June, the Rhodesians supported a raid by the SDF on the Italian desert outpost of [[El Wak, Somalia|El Wak]] in Italian Somaliland about {{cvt|90|mi}} north-east of Wajir. The Rhodesians bombed and burnt down thatched mud huts and generally harassed Italian troops. Since the main fighting at that time was against Italian advances towards Moyale in Kenya, the Rhodesians concentrated there. On 1 July, Moyale, on the edge of the Ethiopian escarpment, where the tracks towards Wajir and Marsabit meet, was attacked. The Italians were repulsed by a company of the 1st KAR and reinforcements were moved up. The Italians carried out a larger attack by about four battalions on 10 July, after a considerable artillery bombardment and after three days the British withdrew unopposed, in the [[Capture of Moyale (1940)|Capture of Moyale]]. The Italians eventually advanced to water holes at [[Capture of Dabel (1940)|Dabel]] and [[Buna, Kenya|Buna]], nearly {{cvt|100|km|order=flip}} inside Kenya but lack of supplies prevented a further advance.{{sfnm|1a1=Playfair|1y=1959|1pp=180–181|2a1=Schreiber|2a2=Stegemann|2a3=Vogel|2y=2015|2p=295}}

===Italian strategy, December 1940===

[[File:Impero italiano.svg|thumb|{{centre|''Impero italiano'' (red); the maximum extent of the Italian Empire shown in pink}}]]
In late 1940, Italian forces suffered defeats in the [[Battle of the Mediterranean|Mediterranean Campaign]], [[Operation Compass]] in the Western Desert, the [[Corpo Aereo Italiano|Battle of Britain]] and in the [[Greco-Italian War]]. General [[Ugo Cavallero]], the new Italian Chief of the [[Chief of the Defence Staff (Italy)|Chief of the General Staff]], thought that the Italians should abandon offensive actions against Sudan and the Suez Canal and concentrate on the defence of the AOI.{{sfn|Mackenzie|1951|p=42}} After Cavallero and Aosta requested permission to withdraw from the Sudanese frontier, the Italian forces in East Africa withdrew to better defensive positions.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|p=394}}

Frusci was ordered to retire from Kassala and Metemma in the lowlands along the [[Eritrea–Sudan border]] and hold the mountain passes on the Kassala–[[Agordat]] and Metemma–Gondar roads. Frusci chose not to withdraw from the lowlands, because withdrawal would involve too great a loss of prestige and because Kassala was an important railway junction; holding it prevented the British from using the railway to carry supplies from Port Sudan on the Red Sea coast to their base at Gedaref.{{sfn|Mackenzie|1951|p=42}} Information on the Italian withdrawal plan was quickly decrypted by the British and Platt begin his offensive into Eritrea on 18 January 1941, three weeks early.{{sfn|Dear|2005|p=247}}

===War in the air===
[[File:Hurricane.r4118.arp.jpg|thumb|{{centre|A restored Hawker Hurricane Mk1.}}]]
In Sudan, the [[Royal Air Force]] (RAF) [[Air Headquarters Sudan]] (Headquarters 203 Group from 17 August, [[Air Headquarters East Africa]] from 19 October), subordinate to the AOC-in-C Middle East, had [[No. 14 Squadron RAF|14 Squadron]], [[No. 47 Squadron RAF|47 Squadron]] and [[No. 223 Squadron RAF|223 Squadron]] (Wellesley bombers).{{sfn|Richards|1974|pp=409, 415}} A flight of [[Vickers Vincent|Vincent]] biplanes from 47 Squadron performed Army Co-operation duties and were later reinforced from Egypt by [[No. 45 Squadron RAF|45 squadron]] ([[Bristol Blenheim|Blenheims]]). Six Gladiator biplane fighters were based in Port Sudan for trade protection and anti-submarine patrols over the Red Sea, the air defence of Port Sudan, [[Atbara]] and Khartoum and for army support.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=96, 169}}

In May, [[1 Squadron SAAF|1 (Fighter) Squadron]] [[South African Air Force]] (SAAF) arrived, was transferred to Egypt to convert to Gladiators and returned to Khartoum in August.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=96, 169}} The SAAF in Kenya comprised [[12 Squadron SAAF|12 Squadron]] ([[Junkers Ju 86]] bombers), [[11 Squadron SAAF|11 Squadron]] ([[Fairey Battle|Battle]] bombers), [[40 Squadron SAAF|40 Squadron]] and [[41 Squadron SAAF|41 Squadron]] ([[Hawker Hart|Hart]] light bombers), [[2 Squadron SAAF|2 Squadron]] ([[Hawker Fury|Fury]] fighters) and [[No. 237 Squadron RAF|237 (Rhodesia) Squadron RAF]] ([[Hawker Hardy|Hardy]] general-purpose aircraft).{{sfn|Orpen|1968|pp=111–112}} Better aircraft became available later but the first aircraft were old and slow, the South Africans even pressing an old [[Vickers Type 264 Valentia|Valentia]] biplane into service as a bomber.{{sfn|Shores|1996|pp=42–54}} The South Africans faced experienced Italian pilots, including a [[Cadre (military)|cadre]] of [[Italian military intervention in Spain|Spanish Civil War]] veterans. Despite its lack of experience, 1 Squadron claimed 48 enemy aircraft destroyed and 57 damaged; 57 aircraft were claimed destroyed on the ground for the loss of six pilots. (It is thought that the South Africans [[Confirmation and overclaiming of aerial victories during World War II|over-claimed]] their results).{{sfn|Schoeman|2002|pp=31, 66}}

From November 1940 to early January 1941, Platt put pressure on the Italians along the [[Ethiopia–Sudan border]] with patrols and raids by ground troops and aircraft. [[Hawker Hurricane|Hurricanes]] and more Gladiators began to replace some of the older models. On 6 December, a large concentration of Italian motor transport was bombed and strafed by Commonwealth aircraft a few miles north of Kassala.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=169–170}} The same aircraft then proceeded to machine-gun from low level the nearby positions of the Italian Blackshirts and colonial infantry. A few days later, the aircraft bombed the Italian base at [[Keru]], fifty miles east of Kassala. The Commonwealth pilots had the satisfaction of seeing supply dumps, stores and transport enveloped in flame and smoke as they flew away. One morning in mid-December, a force of Italian fighters strafed a Rhodesian landing-strip at Wajir near Kassala, where two [[Hawker Hart#Hardy|Hardys]] were caught on the ground and destroyed; {{cvt|5000|gal}} of fuel were set alight and four Africans were killed and eleven injured fighting the fire.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=169–170}}{{sfn|Orpen|1968|pp=20–21}}

===War at sea, 1940===
[[File:Red Sea topographic map-en.jpg|thumb|{{centre|Red Sea topographic map (showing modern land borders)}}]]
The approaches to the Red Sea through the Gulf of Aden and the {{lang|ar|Bab-el-Mandeb}} (Gate of Tears Strait) is {{cvt|15|nmi}} wide. With the Italian declaration of war on 10 June and the loss of French naval support in the Mediterranean after the Armistice of 22 June, the {{cvt|1200|nmi}}-long Red Sea passage to [[Suez]] became the main British sea route to the Middle East. South of Suez the British-held Port Sudan, about halfway down on the Sudan coast and the base at Aden, {{cvt|100|nmi}} east of [[Bab-el-Mandeb]] on the [[Arabian Peninsula]]. The principal Italian naval force ({{lang|it|Contrammiraglio}} [Rear-Admiral] [[Mario Bonetti]]) was based at Massawa in Eritrea, about {{cvt|350|nmi}} north of the Bab-el-Mandeb, well placed for the Red Sea Flotilla to attack Allied convoys.{{sfn|O'Hara|2009|pp=99–100}}

British code-breakers of the [[GCHQ|Government Code and Cypher School]] (GC&CS) at Bletchley Park in England, deciphered Italian orders of 19 May, coded using [[M-209|C38m]] machines, secretly to mobilise the army and air force in East Africa. Merchant traffic was stopped by the British on 24 May, pending the introduction of a convoy system. The [[Red Sea Force]] (Senior Naval Officer Red Sea, Rear-Admiral [[Arthur John Layard Murray (Royal Navy officer)|Arthur Murray]]), operational at Aden since April with the light cruisers {{HMS|Liverpool|C11|6}} and HMAS ''Hobart'' (''Liverpool'' was replaced by {{HMS|Leander||6}}), was reinforced by the anti-aircraft cruiser {{HMS|Carlisle|D67|6}}, which sailed south with Convoy BS 4, the [[28th Destroyer Flotilla]] comprising {{HMS|Khartoum|F45|6}}, ''Kimberley'', {{HMS|Kingston|F64|2}} and {{HMS|Kandahar|F28|2}} and three sloops from the Mediterranean. The force was to conduct a blockade Italian East Africa ([[Operation Begum]]), attack the Red Sea Flotilla and protect the sea route from Aden to Suez.{{sfn|O'Hara|2009|pp=99–100}}

On 6 June, the [[Azio-class minelayer]] ''Ostia'' used 470 mines to lay eight barrages off Massawa and the destroyer ''Pantera'' dropped 110 mines in two barrages off Assab the day after. When Italy declared war on 10 June, ''Galileo Ferraris'' sailed for French Somaliland (Djibouti), ''Galileo Galilei'' to Aden, ''Galvani'' to the [[Gulf of Oman]] and ''Mecallé'' to Port Sudan.{{sfn|Rohwer|Hümmelchen|1992|pp=22–23}} On 14 June ''Torricelli'' put to sea to relieve ''Galileo Ferraris'' whose crew had been incapacitated by [[chloromethane]] poisoning from the refrigeration system.{{sfn|O'Hara|2009|pp=100–101}}{{efn|Chloromethane was a cheaper substitute for [[freon]] which was tested under conditions found to be unrealistic once hostilities began.{{sfn|O'Hara|2009|pp=100–101}}}} The crew of ''Macallé'' was also afflicted; the boat was run aground and lost on 15 June.{{sfnm|1a1=O'Hara|1y=2009|1pp=100–101|2a1=Waters|2y=1956|2p=86}} On 18 June, ''Galileo Galilei'' boarded and released the neutral Yugoslav steamship ''Dravo'' and the next day engaged the [[armed trawler]] {{HMS|Moonstone|T90|6}} off Aden. All but one officer was killed by shell-fire and ''Galileo Galilei'' was captured along with many documents including operational orders for four other Italian submarines.{{sfnm|1a1=O'Hara|1y=2009|1p=101|2a1=Playfair|2y=1959|2p=111}}{{efn|''Galileo Galilei'' was taken into British service as {{HMS|X2||6}} and used as a recharging unit for British submarine batteries.{{sfn|O'Hara|2009|p=101}}}}

''Archimede'', ''Perla'' and ''Guglielmotti'' sailed from 19 to 21 June. On 26 June, ''Guglielmotti'' ran onto a shoal and suffered severe damage; the wreck was salvaged later.{{sfn|Rohwer|Hümmelchen|1992|pp=22–23}} Documents recovered from ''Galileo Galilei'' were used to intercept and damage ''Torricelli'' on 21 June. The submarine headed for home but was caught off [[Perim]] Island and sunk by ''Kandahar'', ''Kingston'', ''Khartoum'' and the [[Shoreham-class sloop|sloop]] {{HMS|Shoreham|L32|2}}. Several hours afterwards, a torpedo on ''Khartoum'', damaged by a shell from ''Torricelli'', exploded and caused an uncontrollable fire. ''Khartoum'' tried to reach Perim Harbour about {{cvt|7|nmi}} distant but the crew and prisoners had to abandon ship; later a magazine explosion wrecked the vessel. The sloop ''Falmouth'' exploited the document find from ''Galileo Galilei'' to sink ''Galvani'' in the Gulf of Oman on 24 June.{{sfn|O'Hara|2009|pp=101–102}} On 13 August, ''Galileo Ferraris'' made an abortive attempt to intercept the battleship {{HMS|Royal Sovereign|05|6}} en route from Suez to Aden.{{sfn|Roskill|1957|pp=307–308}}

[[File:Map of Massawa.png|thumb|{{center|Map of the Italian naval base at Massawa}}]]
From 13 to 19 August ''Kimberley'' and the sloop {{HMS|Auckland|L61|6}} bombarded Italian troops advancing west of Berbera in British Somaliland. Italian air raids on Berbera caused splinter damage to ''Hobart'' as it participated in the evacuation of Berbera with ''Carlisle'', {{HMS|Caledon|D53|2}} [[HMS Ceres (D59)|''Ceres'']], ''Kandahar'', ''Kimberley'' and the sloops ''Shoreham'', {{HMAS|Parramatta|U44|6}}, ''Auckland'', auxiliary cruisers ''Chakdina'', ''Chantala'' and ''Laomédon'', the transport {{HMIS|Akbar||6}} and the hospital ship {{HMHS|Vita||}}, lifting 5,960 troops, 1,266 civilians and 184 sick and wounded. On 18 November the cruiser {{HMS|Dorsetshire|40|6}} bombarded Zante in Italian Somaliland{{sfn|Rohwer|Hümmelchen|1992|pp=30, 42}} British naval forces supported land operations and blockaded the remnants the Red Sea Flotilla at Massawa. By the end of 1940, the British had gained control of East African coastal routes and the Red Sea; Italian forces in the AOI declined as fuel, spare parts and supplies from Italy ran out. There were six Italian air attacks on convoys in October and none after 4 November.{{sfn|Roskill|1957|pp=307–308, 248}}

====Red Sea convoys====
During 16 June 1940, ''Galileo Galilei'' sank the Norwegian tanker ''James Stove'' (8,215 [[gross register tons]] [GRT]), sailing independently about {{cvt|12|nmi}} south of Aden. On 2 July the first of the BN convoys (Bombay Northward; Bombay to Suez, then Aden to Suez 1940–1941), comprising six tankers and three freighters, assembled in the Gulf of Aden.{{sfn|O'Hara|2009|p=101}} Italian sorties against the BN–BS convoys (Bombay Southward; Suez to Aden, late 1940 to early 1941) were dispiriting failures; from 26 to 31 July, ''Guglielmotti'' failed to find two Greek merchantmen and a sortie by the torpedo boats ''Cesare Battisti'' and ''Francesco Nullo'' was also abortive. ''Guglielmotti'' from 21 to 25 August, ''Galileo Ferraris'' (25–31 August), ''Francesco Nullo'' and ''Nazario Sauro'' from 24 to 25 August and the destroyers ''Pantera'' and ''Tigre'' (28–29 August) failed to find Greek ships in the Red Sea, despite agent reports and sightings by air reconnaissance.{{sfn|Rohwer|Hümmelchen|1992|pp=29, 32}} Italian aircraft and submarines had little more success.{{sfn|O'Hara|2009|p=102}}

On the night of 5/6 September, ''Cesare Battisti'', ''Daniele Manin'' and ''Nazario Sauro'' sailed, followed on 6/7 September by the destroyers ''Leone'' and ''Tigre'' to attack a northbound convoy (BN 4) found by air reconnaissance but found nothing. Further to the north, ''Galileo Ferraris'' and ''Guglielmotti'' also failed to find BN 4 but ''Guglielmotti'' torpedoed the Greek tanker ''Atlas'' (4,008 GRT) south of the [[Farasan Islands]] straggling behind the convoy. ''Leone'', ''Pantera'', ''Cesare Battisti'' and ''Daniele Manin'' with the submarines ''Archimede'' and ''Gugliemotti'' failed to find a convoy of 23 ships spotted by air reconnaissance. ''Bhima'' (5,280 GRT) in convoy BN 5 was damaged by bombs and one man killed; the ship was towed to Aden and beached.{{sfn|Rohwer|Hümmelchen|1992|pp=33, 35}} In August the British ran four convoys in each direction, five in September and seven in October, 86 ships in BN convoys and 72 in BS (southbound) convoys; the ''Regia Aeronautica'' managed only six air attacks in October and none after 4 November.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|p=248}}

The [[Attack on Convoy BN 7]], took place from 20 to 21 October and was the only destroyer attack on a convoy, despite gaining precise information on BN convoys as they passed French Somaliland.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|p=248}} The 31 ships of BN 7 were escorted by the cruiser ''Leander'', the destroyer {{HMS|Kimberley|F50|6}}, the sloops ''Auckland'', {{HMAS|Yarra|U77|6}} and {{HMIS|Indus|U67|6}} with the minesweepers {{HMS|Derby|J90|2}} and {{HMS|Huntley||2}}, with air cover from Aden.{{sfn|Rohwer|Hümmelchen|1992|p=39}} ''Guglielmo Marconi'' and ''Galileo Ferraris'', stationed to the north, failed to intercept the convoy but on 21 October the destroyers ''Nazario Sauro'' and ''Francesco Nullo'' with the destroyers ''Pantera'', ''Leone'' attacked the convoy {{cvt|150|nmi}} east of Massawa; the attackers caused only superficial damage to one ship.{{sfnm|1a1=Gill|1y=1957|1pp=227–228|2a1=Playfair|2y=1959|2p=248}}

''Kimberley'' forced ''Francesco Nullo'' aground on an island near Massawa, at the Action off [[Harmil]] Island on the morning of 21 October. ''Kimberley'' was hit in the engine room by a shore battery and had to be towed to Port Sudan by ''Leander''. The wreck of ''Francesco Nullo'' was bombed on 21 October by three Blenheims of 45 Squadron.{{sfnm|1a1=Gill|1y=1957|1pp=227–228|2a1=Playfair|2y=1959|2p=248}} From 22 to 28 November, ''Archimede'' and ''Galileo Ferraris'' sailed to investigate reports of a convoy but found nothing, as did ''Tigre'', ''Leone'', ''Daniele Manin'', ''Nazario Sauro'' and ''Galileo Ferraris'' from 3 to 5 December. From 12 to 22 December ''Archimede'' sailed twice after ship sightings but both sorties came to nothing; ''Galileo Ferraris'' sortied off Port Sudan.{{sfn|Rohwer|Hümmelchen|1992|pp=42, 44}} from June to December the RAF had escorted 54 BN and BS convoys from which one ship was sunk and one damaged by Italian aircraft.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|p=249}}

===French Somaliland 1940–1942===
{{Main|French Somaliland in World War II}}
[[File:French Somaliland 1922.jpg|thumb|{{centre|Map of French Somaliland 1922}}]]
The governor of French Somaliland (now [[Djibouti]]), Brigadier-General [[Paul Legentilhomme]] had a garrison of seven battalions of Senegalese and Somali infantry, three batteries of field guns, four batteries of anti-aircraft guns, a company of light tanks, four companies of militia and irregulars, two platoons of the camel corps and an assortment of aircraft. After visiting from 8 to 13 January 1940, Wavell decided that Legentilhomme would command the military forces in both Somalilands should war with Italy come.{{sfn|Raugh|1993|pp=75–76}} In June, an Italian force was assembled to capture the port city of [[Djibouti (city)|Djibouti]], the main military base.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|p=89}}

After the [[fall of France]] in June, the neutralisation of [[Vichy French]] colonies allowed the Italians to concentrate on the more lightly defended British Somaliland.{{sfn|Mockler|1984|p=241}} On 23 July, Legentilhomme was ousted by the pro-Vichy naval officer [[Pierre Nouailhetas]] and left on 5 August for Aden, to join the [[Free French]]. In March 1941, the British enforcement of a strict contraband regime to prevent supplies being passed on to the Italians, lost its point after the conquest of the AOI. The British changed policy, with encouragement from the Free French, to "rally French Somaliland to the Allied cause without bloodshed". The Free French were to arrange a ''voluntary ralliement'' by propaganda ([[Operation Marie]]) and the British were to blockade the colony.{{sfn|Playfair|2004|pp=322–323}} Wavell considered that if British pressure was applied, a rally would appear to have been coerced. Wavell preferred to let the propaganda continue and provided a small amount of supplies under strict control.{{sfn|Playfair|2004|pp=323–324}}

When the policy had no effect, Wavell suggested negotiating with the Vichy governor Louis Nouailhetas, to use the port and [[Ethio-Djibouti Railways|railway]]. The suggestion was accepted by the British government but because of the concessions granted to the Vichy regime in Syria, proposals were made to invade the colony instead. In June, Nouailhetas was given an ultimatum, the blockade was tightened and the Italian garrison at Assab was defeated by an operation from Aden. For six months, Nouailhetas remained willing to grant concessions over the port and railway but would not tolerate Free French interference. In October the blockade was reviewed but the beginning of the [[Pacific War|war with Japan]] in December, led to all but two blockade ships being withdrawn. On 2 January 1942, the Vichy government offered the use of the port and railway, subject to the lifting of the blockade but the British refused and ended the blockade unilaterally in March.{{sfn|Playfair|2004|pp=323–324}}

==Northern front, 1941==
===Operation Camilla===
[[File:Indian Troops in East Africa, 1941 E2182.jpg|thumb|{{centre|Indian troops clearing a village in [[Eritrea]], 1941.}}]]
[[Operation Camilla]] was a deception concocted by Lieutenant-Colonel [[Dudley Clarke]] to deceive the Italians, making them believe that the British planned to re-conquer British Somaliland with the 4th and 5th Indian divisions, transferred from Egypt to Gedaref and Port Sudan. In December 1940, Clarke constructed a model operation for Italian military intelligence to discover and set up administration offices at Aden. Clarke arranged for the Italian defences around Berbera to be softened up by air and sea raids from Aden and distributed maps and pamphlets on the climate, geography and population of British Somaliland.{{sfn|Rankin|2009|pp=316–317}}

"Sibs" ({{lang|la|sibilare}}, hisses or whistles), were circulated among civilians in Egypt. Bogus information was planted on the Japanese consul at [[Port Said]] and indiscreet wireless messages were transmitted. The operation began on 19 December 1940 to mature early in January 1941. The deception was a success but the plot backfired when the Italians began to evacuate British Somaliland instead of sending reinforcements. Troops were sent north into Eritrea, where the real attack was coming, instead of to the east. Part of the deception, with misleading wireless transmissions, did convince the Italians that two Australian divisions were in Kenya, which led the Italians to reinforce the wrong area.{{sfn|Rankin|2009|pp=316–317}}

===Eritrea===
[[File:Map Eritrean Campaign 1941-en.svg|thumb|{{centre|Northern front: Allied advances in 1941}}]]

In November 1940, Gazelle Force operated from the [[Mareb River|Gash river]] delta against Italian advanced posts around Kassala on the Ethiopian plateau, where hill ranges from {{cvt|2000|–|3000|ft}} bound wide valleys and the rainfall makes the area [[malaria]]l from July to October.{{sfn|Raugh|1993|pp=172–174}} On 11 December, Wavell ordered the 4th Indian Division to withdraw from Operation Compass in the Western Desert and move to Sudan. The transfer took until early January 1941 and Platt intended to begin the offensive on the northern front on 8 February, with a pincer attack on Kassala, by the 4th and 5th Indian divisions, less a brigade each.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=399–400}}

News of the Italian disaster in Egypt, the harassment by Gazelle Force and the activities of Mission 101 in Ethiopia, led to the Italians withdrawing their northern flank to Keru and Wachai and then on 18 January to retreat hurriedly from Kassala and [[Tessenei]], the triangle of Keru, [[Giamal Biscia|Biscia]] and [[Haykota|Aicota]]. Wavell had ordered Platt to advance the offensive from March to 9 February and then to 19 January, when it seemed that Italian morale was crumbling.{{sfn|Raugh|1993|pp=172–174, 175}}{{efn|Wireless decrypts greatly aided British preparations and the decision to attack ahead of schedule.{{sfn|Hinsley|1994|pp=64–65}}}} The withdrawal led Wavell to order a pursuit and the troops arriving at Port Sudan (Briggs Force) to attack at Karora and advance parallel to the coast, to meet the forces coming from the west.{{sfnm|1a1=Raugh|1y=1993|1pp=172–174, 175|2a1=Playfair|2y=1959|2pp=399–400}}

====Battle of Agordat, Barentu====
{{main|Battle of Agordat (1941)|l1=Battle of Agordat}}

Two roads joined at Agordat and went through to [[Keren, Eritrea|Keren]], the only route to Asmara. The 4th Indian Division was sent {{cvt|40|mi|km}} along the road to Sabderat and Wachai, thence as far towards Keru as supplies allowed, with the Matilda Infantry tanks of B Squadron, 4th RTR to join from Egypt. The 5th Indian Division was to capture Aicota, ready to move east to [[Barentu, Eritrea|Barentu]] or north-east to Biscia. Apart from air attacks the pursuit was not opposed until Keru Gorge, held by a rearguard of the 41st Colonial Brigade. The brigade retreated on the night of {{nowrap|22/23 January,}} leaving General Ugo Fongoli, his staff and {{nowrap|800 men}} behind as prisoners.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=400–401}} On 28 January, the 3/[[14th Punjab Regiment]] made a flanking move to Mt Cochen to the south and on 30 January, five Italian colonial battalions counter-attacked with mountain artillery support, forcing back the Indians.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=400–401}}

On the morning of 31 January the Indians attacked again and advanced towards the main road. The 5th Indian Brigade on the plain attacked with the Matildas, overran the Italians, knocked out several Italian tanks and cut the road to Keren. The 2nd Colonial Division retreated having lost 1,500 to 2,000 infantry, {{nowrap|28 field guns}} and several medium and light tanks. Barentu, held by nine battalions of the 2nd Colonial Division (about {{nowrap|8,000 men),}} {{nowrap|32 guns}} and about thirty-six dug in M11/39 tanks and armoured cars was attacked by 10th Indian Infantry Brigade from the north against a determined Italian defence, as the 29th Indian Infantry Brigade advanced from the west, slowed by demolitions and rearguards. On the night of 31 January/1 February, the Italians retreated along a track towards Tole and [[Areza|Arresa]] and on 8 February, abandoned vehicles were found by the pursuers. The Italians had taken to the hills, leaving the Tessenei–Agordat road open.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=400–401}}

====Battle of Keren====
{{Main|Battle of Keren}}
[[File:Keren Battlefield 023.jpg|thumb|{{centre|Modern photograph of the [[Keren, Eritrea|Keren]] battlefield}}]]
On 12 January, Aosta had sent a regiment of the 65th Infantry Division "Granatieri di Savoia" (General Amedeo Liberati) and three colonial brigades to Keren.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|p=431}} The 4th and 5th Indian Infantry Divisions advanced eastwards from Agordat into the rolling countryside, which gradually increased in elevation towards the Keren Plateau, through the Ascidira Valley. There was an escarpment on the left and a spur rising to {{cvt|6000|ft}} on the right of the road and the Italians were dug in on heights which dominated the massifs, ravines and mountains. The defensive positions had been surveyed before the war and chosen as the main defensive position to guard Asmara and the Eritrean highlands from an invasion from Sudan. On 15 March, after several days of bombing, the 4th Indian Division attacked on the north and west side of the road to capture ground on the left flank, ready for the 5th Indian Division to attack on the east side.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|p=439}}

[[File:BM3 Kub Kub 1941-02-20.jpg|thumb|{{center|Free French forces after fighting at Kubkub during the Battle of Keren}}]]
The Indians met a determined defence and made limited progress but during the night the 5th Indian Division captured Fort Dologorodoc, {{cvt|1475|ft}} above the valley. The "Granatieri di Savoia" and "Alpini" counter-attacked Dologorodoc seven times from 18 to 22 March but the attacks were costly failures. Wavell flew to Keren to assess the situation and on 15 March, watched with Platt as the Indians made a frontal attack up the road, ignoring the high ground on either side and broke through. Early on 27 March, Keren was captured after a battle lasting 53 days, for a British and Commonwealth loss of {{nowrap|536 men}} killed and {{nowrap|3,229 wounded;}} Italian losses were {{nowrap|3,000 Italian}} and 9,000 Ascari killed and about 21,000 wounded.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|p=439}} The Italians conducted a fighting withdrawal under air attack to [[Ad Teclesan]], in a narrow valley on the Keren–Asmara road, the last defensible position before Asmara. The defeat at Keren had shattered the morale of the Italian forces and when the British attacked early on 31 March, the position fell and {{nowrap|460 Italian}} prisoners and {{nowrap|67 guns}} were taken; Asmara was declared an open town the next day and the British entered unopposed.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=441–442}}

===Massawa===
[[File:Italians repairing an amoured vehicle in East Africa.jpg|thumb|{{centre|Italians in East Africa repairing an armoured car}}]]
Admiral Mario Bonetti, the commander of the Italian Red Sea Flotilla and the garrison at Massawa, had {{nowrap|10,000 troops}} and about {{nowrap|100 tanks}} to defend the port.{{sfn|Mackenzie|1951|p=66}} During the evening of 31 March, three of the last six destroyers at Massawa put to sea to raid the Gulf of Suez and then scuttle themselves. ''Leone'' ran aground and sank the next morning; the sortie was postponed and on 2 April the last five destroyers left to attack Port Sudan and then sink themselves.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|p=441}} Heath telephoned Bonetti with an ultimatum to surrender and not block the harbour by scuttling ships. If this was refused, the British would leave Italian citizens in Eritrea and Ethiopia to fend for themselves. The 7th Indian Infantry Brigade Group sent small forces towards [[Adwa|Adowa]] and [[Adigrat]] and the rest advanced down the Massawa road, which declined by {{cvt|7000|ft|m}} in {{cvt|50|mi|km}}. The Indians rendezvoused at Massawa with Briggs Force by 5 April, after it had cut across country.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=441–442}}

Bonetti was once again called upon to surrender but refused and on 8 April, an attack by the 7th Indian Infantry Brigade Group was repulsed by the Massawa garrison. A simultaneous attack on the west side by the 10th Indian Infantry Brigade and the tanks of B Squadron, 4th RTR, broke through. The Free French overran the defences in the south-west as the RAF bombed Italian artillery positions. In the afternoon, Bonetti surrendered and the Allied force took {{nowrap|9,590 prisoners}} and {{nowrap|127 guns.}} The harbour was found to have been blocked by the [[Scuttling#Blockade of Massawa (1941)|scuttling]] of two large [[Drydock#Floating|floating dry docks]], {{nowrap|16 large}} ships and a floating crane in the mouths of the north Naval Harbour, the central Commercial Harbour and the main South Harbour. The Italians had also dumped as much of their equipment as possible in the water. The British re-opened the [[Eritrean Railway|Massawa–Asmara railway]] on 27 April and by 1 May, the port had come into use to supply the 5th Indian Infantry Division.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=441–442}}{{efn|Edward Ellsberg later wrote that after arriving in April, with a salvage crew and specialist equipment, the United States Naval Repair Base, Massawa, opened on 8 May for repairs and maintenance.{{sfn|Ellsberg|1946|p=160}}}} The Italian surrender ended organised resistance in Eritrea and fulfilled the British strategic objective of ending the threat to shipping in the Red Sea. On 11 April, the US President, [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]], rescinded the status, under the [[Neutrality Acts of 1930s|Neutrality Acts]], of the Red Sea as a combat zone, freeing US ships to use the route to carry supplies to the Middle East.{{sfn|Raugh|1993|pp=181–182}}

===Western Ethiopia, 1941===

Gideon Force was a small British and African special forces unit, which acted as a ''Corps d'Elite'' amongst the Sudan Defence Force, Ethiopian regular forces and ''Arbegnoch'' (Patriots). At its peak, Orde Wingate led fifty officers, twenty British NCOs, {{nowrap|800 trained}} Sudanese troops and {{nowrap|800 partially}} trained Ethiopian regulars. He had a few mortars, no artillery and no air support, only intermittent bombing sorties. The force operated in the difficult country of Gojjam Province at the end of a long and tenuous supply-line, on which nearly all of its {{nowrap|15,000 camels}} perished. Gideon Force and the ''Arbegnoch'' (Ethiopian Patriots) ejected the Italian forces under General [[Guglielmo Nasi]], the conqueror of British Somaliland in six weeks and captured {{nowrap|1,100 Italian}} and {{nowrap|14,500 Ethiopian}} troops, twelve guns, many machine-guns, rifles and ammunition and over {{nowrap|200 pack}} animals. Gideon Force was disbanded on 1 June 1941, Wingate was returned to his substantive rank of Major and returned to Egypt, as did many of the troops of Gideon Force, who joined the [[Long Range Desert Group]] (LRDG) of the [[Eighth Army (United Kingdom)|Eighth Army]].{{sfnm|1a1=Playfair|1y=1959|1pp=406, 424–428, 449|2a1=Rooney|2y=1994|2pp=72–73}}

====Addis Ababa====
[[File:Ethiopian men gather in Addis Ababa, heavily armed with captured Italian weapons, to hear the proclamation announcing the return to the capital of the Emperor Haile Selassie in May 1941. K325.jpg|thumb|{{centre|Ethiopian men gather in Addis Ababa, heavily armed with captured Italian weapons, to hear the proclamation announcing the return to the capital of the Emperor [[Haile Selassie]] in May 1941.}}]]
While Debre Markos and Addis Derra were being captured, other Ethiopian Patriots under ''Ras'' [[Abebe Aregai]] consolidated themselves around Addis Ababa in preparation for Emperor Selassie's return. In response to the rapidly advancing British and Commonwealth forces and to the general uprising of Ethiopian Patriots, the Italians in Ethiopia retreated to the mountain fortresses of [[Gondar]], [[Amba Alagi]], [[Dessie]] and Gimma.{{sfn|Barker|1971|p=156}} After negotiations prompted by Wavell, Aosta ordered the governor, [[Agenore Frangipani]], to surrender the city to forestall a massacre of Italian civilians, as had occurred in [[Dire Dawa]]. Ashamed of not being allowed by his superior to fight to the death in the old style, Frangipani killed himself with poison the next day.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=421–422}}

On 6 April 1941, Addis Ababa was occupied by [[Harry Wetherall]], [[Dan Pienaar]] and [[Charles Christopher Fowkes]] escorted by East African armoured cars, who received the surrender of the city.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=421–422}} The {{lang|it|Polizia dell'Africa Italiana}} ([[Italian Africa Police|Police of Italian Africa]]) stayed in the city to maintain order. Selassie made a formal entry to the city on 5 May.{{sfn|Hammerton|1941|p=86}}{{efn|Five years after fleeing on 5 May 1936 during the Second Italo-Abyssinian War. Since 1951, 5 May has been observed in Ethiopia as [[Liberation Day]] - a national holiday.{{sfn|Hammerton|1941|p=86}}}} On 13 April, Cunningham sent a force led by Pienaar comprising 1st South African Brigade and Campbell's Scouts (Ethiopian irregulars led by a British officer), to continue the northward advance and join with Platt's forces advancing south.{{sfn|Wavell|1946a|p=3,530}}

On 20 April, the South Africans captured Dessie on the main road north from Addis Ababa to Asmara, about {{cvt|200|mi}} south of Amba Alagi.{{sfn|Mackenzie|1951|p=68}} In eight weeks the British had advanced {{cvt|1700|mi}} from Tana to Mogadishu at a cost of 501 casualties and eight aircraft and had destroyed the bulk of the Italian air and land forces.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=422–423}} From Debra Marqos, Wingate pursued the Italians and undertook a series of harrying actions. (In early May most of Gideon Force had to break off to provide a suitable escort for Hailie Selassie's formal entry into Addis Ababa.) By 18 May, Maraventano was dug in at Agibor, against a force of about {{nowrap|2,000 men,}} including only {{nowrap|160 trained}} soldiers ({{nowrap|100 from}} the Frontier Battalion and {{nowrap|60 of}} the re-formed 2nd Ethiopian Battalion).{{sfn|TAC|1942|p=66}}

Both sides were short of food, ammunition, water and medical supplies; Wingate attempted a ruse by sending a message to Maraventano telling of reinforcements due to arrive and that the imminent withdrawal of British troops would leave the Italian column at the mercy of the Patriots. Maraventano discussed the situation with the Italian headquarters in Gondar on 21 May and was given discretion to surrender, which took place on 23 May by {{nowrap|1,100 Italian}} and {{nowrap|5,000 local}} troops, {{nowrap|2,000 women}} and children and {{nowrap|1,000 mule}} men and camp followers. Gideon Force was down to {{nowrap|36 regular}} soldiers to make the formal guard of honour at the surrender, the rest being Patriots.{{sfn|Rooney|1994|pp=70–71}}

==Southern front, 1941==
===Italian Somaliland===
[[File:Haile Selassie, Emperor of Abyssinia, with Brigadier Daniel Arthur Sandford (left) and Colonel Wingate (right) in Dambacha Fort, after it had been captured, 15 April 1941. E2462.jpg|thumb|{{centre|Haile Selassie (seated), with Brigadier Daniel Arthur Sandford (left) and Colonel Wingate (right) in Dambacha Fort, after its capture, 15 April 1941.}}]]
In January 1941, the Italians decided that the plains of Italian Somalia could not be defended. The [[Italian Somali Divisions (101 and 102)|102nd ''Divisione Somala'']] (General Adriano Santini) and ''bande'' (about {{nowrap|14,000 men)}} retired to the lower [[Jubba River]] and the 101st ''Divisione Somala'' (General Italo Carnevali) and ''bande'' (about {{nowrap|6,000 men)}} to the upper Juba on the better defensive terrain of the mountains of Ethiopia. Cunningham encountered few Italians west of the Juba, only ''bande'' and a colonial battalion at [[Afmadow|Afmadu]] and troops at Kismayo, where the Juba River empties into the Indian Ocean.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|p=411}} Against an expected six brigades and "six groups of native levies" holding the Juba for the Italians, Cunningham began Operation Canvas on 24 January, with four [[brigade group]]s from the 11th (African) Division and the 12th (African) Division. Afmadu was captured on 11 February and three days later, the port of Kismayo the first objective was captured. North of Kismayo and beyond the river was the main Italian position at [[Jilib|Jelib]]. On 22 February, Jelib was attacked on both flanks and from the rear. The Italians were routed and 30,000 were killed, captured or dispersed in the bush. There was nothing to hinder a British advance of {{cvt|200|mi}} to [[Mogadishu under Italian rule|Mogadishu]], the capital and main port of Italian Somaliland.{{sfnm|1a1=Churchill|1y=1985|1pp=79–80|2a1=Playfair|2y=1959|2pp=411–417}}

On 25 February 1941, the motorised [[23rd (Nigerian) Brigade]] (11th (African) Division), which had advanced {{cvt|235|mi}} up the coast in three days, occupied the Somali capital of Mogadishu unopposed. The 12th (African) Division was ordered to advance on [[Bardera]] and Isha [[Baidoa]] but was held up because of the difficulty in using Kismayo as a supply base. The division pushed up the Juba River in Italian Somaliland towards the Ethiopian border town of Dolo. After a pause, caused by the lack of equipment to sweep Mogadishu harbour of British magnetic mines dropped earlier, the 11th (African) Division began a fighting pursuit of the retreating Italian forces north from Mogadishu on 1 March. The division pursued the Italians towards the [[Ogaden]] Plateau. By 17 March, the 11th (African) Division completed a 17-day dash along the Italian {{lang|de|Strada Imperiale}} (Imperial Road) from Mogadishu to [[Jijiga]] in the [[Somali Region]] of Ethiopia.{{sfn|Churchill|1985|p=80}} By early March Cunningham's forces had captured most of Italian Somaliland and were advancing through Ethiopia towards the ultimate objective, Addis Ababa. On 26 March, Harar was captured and 572 prisoners taken, with 13 guns, the 23rd (Nigerian) Brigade having advanced nearly {{cvt|1000|mi}} in 32 days. (On 29 March, Dire Dawa was occupied by South African troops, after Italian colonists appealed for help against deserters, who were committing atrocities.){{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=417–419}}

===British Somaliland 1941===
{{main|Operation Appearance}}
The operation to recapture British Somaliland began on 16 March 1941 from Aden, in the first successful Allied landing on a defended shore of the war.{{sfn|Rohwer|Hümmelchen|1992|p=54}} The Aden Striking Force of about {{nowrap|3,000 men}} was to be carried about {{cvt|140|mi}} from Aden by eight navy ships and civilian transports carrying heavy equipment. The troops were to be put ashore onto beaches inside reefs to the east and west of Berbera to secure the town and re-conquer the territory. Some doubts were expressed as to the feasibility of negotiating offshore reefs in the dark, when the town behind was blacked out but the risk was taken. On 16 March about {{cvt|10|mi}} north of the town and {{cvt|1000|yd}} off shore, the force prepared to land as advanced parties searched for landing places.{{sfn|Stewart|2016|p=138}} The 1/2nd Punjab Regiment and [[15th Punjab Regiment|3/15th Punjab Regiment]], Indian Army (that had been evacuated from the port in August 1940) and a Somali commando detachment, landed at Berbera from Force D (the cruisers {{HMS|Glasgow|C21|6}} and ''Caledon'', the destroyers ''Kandahar'' and ''Kipling'', auxiliary cruisers ''Chakdina'' and ''Chantala'', Indian trawlers ''Netavati'' and ''Parvati'', two transports and ML 109).{{sfn|Rohwer|Hümmelchen|1992|p=54}} When the Sikhs landed, the 70th Colonial Brigade "melted away".{{sfn|Playfair|1959|p=417}} On 20 March, Hargeisa was captured and the next few months were spent mopping up. The Somaliland Camel Corps was re-founded in mid-April, to resume operations against local bandits. British forces advanced westwards into eastern Ethiopia and in late March, linked with forces from the Southern Front around Harar and Dire Dawa. Cunningham's forces could now be supplied efficiently through Berbera.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=418–420}}

====Amba Alagi====
{{main|Battle of Amba Alagi (1941)}}
After the fall of Keren, Aosta retreated to Amba Alagi, an {{cvt|11186|ft|m}} mountain that had been tunnelled for strong points, artillery positions and stores, inside a ring of similarly fortified peaks. British troops advancing from the south had captured Addis Ababa on 6 April. Wavell imposed a policy of avoiding big operations in Eritrea and northern Ethiopia, that would impede the withdrawal of troops to Egypt. The remaining Italian troops were no threat to Sudan or Eritrea but could trouble the British hold on the AOI. The 1st South African Division was needed in Egypt and Cunningham was ordered to send it north to capture the main road to Massawa and Port Sudan so the ports could be used for embarkation. Amba Alagi obstructed the road north and the 5th Indian Division advanced from southwards as the South Africans moved northwards in a pincer movement. The main attack by the 5th Indian Division began on 4 May and made slow progress. On 10 May, the 1st South African Brigade arrived and completed the encirclement of the mountain. The Indian division attacked again on 13 May, with the South Africans attacking next day and forcing the Italians out of several defensive positions. Concerned about the care of his wounded and rumours of atrocities committed by the ''Arbegnoch'', Aosta offered to surrender, provided that the Italians were granted the [[honours of war]]. On 19 May, Aosta and {{nowrap|5,000 Italian}} troops, marched past a guard of honour into captivity.{{sfn|Raugh|1993|pp=182–183}}

===Southern Ethiopia===
[[File:HobokEastAfrica1941.JPG|thumb|{{centre|Hobok Fort captured by 1st South African Infantry Division, February 1941.}}]]
The East Africa Force on the southern front included the 1st South African Division, the 11th (African) Division and the [[2nd (African) Division|12th (African) Division]] (Major-General [[Reade Godwin-Austen]]) (The African divisions were composed of East African, South African, Nigerian and Ghanaian troops with British, Rhodesian and South African officers.){{sfn|Playfair|1959|p=181}} In January 1941, Cunningham decided to launch his first attacks across the Kenyan border directly into southern Ethiopia. Although he realised that the approaching wet season would preclude a direct advance this way to Addis Ababa, he hoped that this action would cause the Ethiopians in the south of the country to rise up in rebellion against the Italians (the plot proved abortive).{{sfn|Playfair|1959|p=409}} Cunningham sent the 1st South African Division (composed of the 2nd and 5th South African and 21st East African brigades) and an independent East African brigade into the [[Galla-Sidamo Governorate]].{{sfn|TAC|1942|pp=76–77}} From 16 to 18 January 1941, they captured El Yibo and on 19 February, an advance force of the South African Division captured Jumbo.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|p=415}} From 24 to 25 January, Cunningham's troops fought on the Turbi Road.{{sfn|Dear|2005|p=247}}

The southern Ethiopia attack was stopped in mid-February by heavy rain, which made movement and maintenance of the force very difficult. From 1 February, they captured Gorai and El Gumu. On 2 February, they took Hobok. From 8 to 9 February, Banno was captured. On 15 February, the fighting was on the Yavello Road. The two South African Brigades then launched a double flanking movement on [[Mega, Ethiopia|Mega]]. After a three-day battle in which many of the South Africans, equipped for tropical conditions, suffered from exposure because of the heavy rain and near freezing temperatures, they captured Mega on 18 February. Moyale, {{cvt|70|mi}} south-east of Mega on the border with Kenya, was occupied on 22 February by a patrol of Abyssinian irregular troops which had been attached to the South African Division.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|p=409}}

===War at sea, 1941===

{{see also|Action of 27 February 1941|Action of 8 May 1941}}

The success of Operation Begum in gaining control of the seas off East Africa eased the supply of the British land forces; ships on passage to and from the Mediterranean supplemented the Red Sea Force ships in offshore operations. The German ship {{MS|Tannenfels|1938|6}} sailed from Kismayo in Italian Somaliland on 31 January and rendezvoused from 14 to 17 February with the heavy cruiser [[German cruiser Admiral Scheer|''Admiral Scheer'']], the auxiliary cruiser ''Atlantis'' and three British ships taken as [[Prize (law)|prizes]].{{sfn|Rohwer|Hümmelchen|1992|p=51}} The carrier {{HMS|Formidable|67|6}}, en route to the Mediterranean to replace {{HMS|Illustrious|87|6}}, formed Force K with the cruiser {{HMS|Hawkins|D86|2}} and in [[Operation Breach]] on 2 February 1941, dispatched [[Fairey Albacore]]s to mine Mogadishu harbour, bomb the ordnance depot, airfield, the railway station, petrol tanks at Ras Sip and the customs shed. The cruisers {{HMS|Shropshire||6}}, ''Ceres'' and {{HMS|Colombo|D89|2}} blockaded Kismayo and in the Red Sea, ''Pantera'', ''Tigre'' and ''Leone'' based at Massawa in Eritrea made another fruitless sortie.{{sfnm|1a1=Collins|1y=1964|1p=42|2a1=Shores|2y=1996|2p=105|3a1=Rohwer|3a2=Hümmelchen|3y=1992|3pp=50–51}}{{efn|''Formidable'' carried 826 and 829 Naval Air Squadrons with 21 Albacores and 803 NAS with 12 Fairey Fulmar fighters. Apart from killing many Somali civilians, the bombers caused little damage; the mines dropped into the harbour caused a considerable nuisance after the port was captured.{{sfn|Shores|1996|p=105}}}}

Leatham formed Force T with the carrier {{HMS|Hermes|95|6}}, the cruisers ''Shropshire'', ''Hawkins'', {{HMS|Capetown|D88|2}} and ''Ceres'', with the destroyer ''Kandahar'' to support Operation Canvas, the invasion of Italian Somaliland from Kenya.{{sfn|Rohwer|Hümmelchen|1992|p=51}} About fifty Italian and German merchant ships had been stranded at Massawa and Kismayo on the outbreak of war and few were seaworthy by the time of the British invasion of the AOI but about twelve ships made the attempt.{{sfn|Bragadin|Fioravanzo|1957|p=74}} On the night of 10/11 February, eight Italian and two German ships sailed from Kismayo for Mogadishu or Diego Suarez (now [[Antsiranana]]) in Madagascar. Three Italian ships were scuttled in Kismayo on 12 February as British troops reached the vicinity of the port which was captured with the support of ''Shropshire'' two days later. Five of the Italian ships were spotted by aircraft from ''Hermes'' and captured by ''Hawkins'', the German ship ''Uckermark'' was scuttled. The German ''Askari'' and Italian ship ''Pensilvania'' were seen off Mogadishu and destroyed by bombs and gunfire; two of the Italian ships reached Madagascar.{{sfn|Rohwer|Hümmelchen|1992|p=51}}

While delayed by mines in the Suez canal, ''Formidable'' conducted [[Operation Composition]] on the night of 12/13 February, sending 14 Albacores to attack Massawa, half with bombs, half with torpedoes.{{sfn|Shores|1996|p=112}} The attack was disorganised by low cloud, SS ''Monacalieri'' (5,723 GRT) was sunk but little more was achieved.{{sfn|Shores|1996|p=112}} On 13 February, ''Hermes'' attacked Kismayo with [[Fairey Swordfish]] aircraft and the cruiser ''Shropshire'' bombarded coastal defences, supply dumps and Italian troops. The Walrus aircraft on ''Shropshire'' attacked Brava and Italian bombers claimed a near miss on one of the British ships. When Kismayo was captured on 14 February, fifteen of the sixteen Axis merchant ships in the harbour were captured. In the Red Sea, the carrier ''Formidable'' conducted Composition while en route to Suez; its 14 FAA Albacores attacked Massawa on 13 February and sank the merchant ship ''Moncaliere'' (5,723 GRT) and inflicted slight damage on other ships{{sfnm|1a1=Shores|1y=1996|1p=113|2a1=Roskill|2y=1957|2p=426|3a1=Rohwer|3a2=Hümmelchen|3y=1992|3p=51}}

[[File:Ramb1.jpg|thumb|{{centre|[[Italian ship Ramb I|Italian ship ''Ramb I'']] sinking, 1941}}]]
The colonial ship [[Italian sloop Eritrea|''Eritrea'']] escaped from Massawa on 18 February and on 21 February, ''Formidable'' sent seven Albacores to dive-bomb the harbour; four were hit by anti-aircraft fire but all returned.{{sfn|Shores|1996|p=117}} During the night the auxiliary cruiser [[Italian auxiliary cruiser Ramb I|''Ramb I'']] (3,667 GRT) and the German ''Coburg'' (7,400 GRT) departed, followed by [[Italian auxiliary cruiser Ramb II|''Ramb II'']] on 22 February. On 27 February, ''Ramb I'' was caught by ''Leander'' sunk north of the [[Maldive Islands]]; ''Eritrea'' and ''Ramb II'' escaped and reached [[Kobe]], Japan.{{sfnm|1a1=Roskill|1y=1957|1p=387|2a1=Waters|2y=1956|2pp=98, 96}}{{efn|Ramb was an abbreviation of {{lang|it|Roma Azienda Monopolio Banane}} (Rome Banana Monopoly Company).{{sfn|Brice|1981|p=89}}}} On 25 February, Mogadishu fell and British merchant sailors, taken prisoner by German commerce-raiders, were liberated.{{sfn|Roskill|1957|p=426}} On 1 March, five Albacores from ''Formidable'' flying from a landing ground at Mersa Taclai raided Massawa again but caused little damage.{{sfn|Shores|1996|p=120}} MS ''Himalaya'' (6,240 GRT) departed on 1 March and reached [[Rio de Janeiro]] on 4 April. On 4 March ''Coburg'', with a captured tanker, ''Ketty Brovig'' (7,031 GRT) were spotted by an aircraft flown from ''Canberra'' south-east of the Seychelles; when ''Canberra'' and ''Leander'' approached, the Axis crews scuttled their ships.{{sfn|Rohwer|Hümmelchen|1992|p=51}}

From 1 to 4 March, the submarines ''Guglielmo Marconi'', ''Galileo Ferraris'', ''Perla'' and ''Archimede'' sailed from Massawa for [[BETASOM]], an Italian submarine flotilla operating in the Atlantic at [[Bordeaux]]. The boats arrived from 7 to 20 May, after taking on supplies from German commerce raiders in the South Atlantic. On 16 March Force D from Aden conducted Operation Appearance, a landing at Berbera, the beginning of the re-conquest of British Somaliland. The Axis ships ''Oder'' (8,516 GRT) and ''India'' (6,366 GRT) sailed from Massawa on 23 March but ''Shoreham'' caught up with ''Oder'' at the [[Straits of Perim]], the western channel of the Bab-el-Mandeb and the crew scuttled the ship; ''India'' took refuge in Assab. ''Bertrand Rickmers'' (4,188 GRT) tried to break out on 29 March but was intercepted by ''Kandahar'' and scuttled; ''Piave'' set out on 30 March but only got as far as Assab.{{sfn|Rohwer|Hümmelchen|1992|pp=51, 53, 55}} On 31 March, three of the Italian destroyers at Massawa sortied against shipping in the [[Gulf of Suez]]. ''Leone'' ran aground outside Massawa and had to be sunk, after which the sortie was abandoned. {{SS|Lichtenfels||}} departed on 1 April but was forced to turn back. On 2 April, the five remaining Italian destroyers were due to attack the fuel tanks at Port Sudan and then scuttle themselves but RAF reconnaissance aircraft from Aden spotted the ships.{{sfn|Shores|1996|pp=138–139}}

While {{HMS|Eagle|1918|6}} was waiting to pass from the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean, [[813 Naval Air Squadron]] and [[824 Naval Air Squadron]], with 17 Swordfish torpedo bombers, were flown to Port Sudan.{{sfn|Shores|1996|pp=138–139}}{{efn|A ship had exploded a mine and a channel had to be dredged around it for ''Eagle'' to pass.{{sfn|Smith|2009|p=85}}}} On 2 April two Swordfish bombed a freighter at [[Merca]] and at dawn on 3 April, Operation Atmosphere began with a search by six of the Swordfish at {{nowrap|4:30 a.m.}} At {{nowrap|5:11 a.m.}} another Swordfish spotted four Italian destroyers {{cvt|20|nmi|mi+km}} east of Port Sudan. Three of the Swordfish on patrol were called in and the four aircraft bombed, achieving several near misses with {{cvt|250|lb}} bombs. One Swordfish remained to shadow the ships as the others returned to rearm and at {{nowrap|8:13 a.m.}} seven Swordfish attacked, one aircraft from the rear and one from each side of each target. ''Nazario Sauro'' was hit by all six bombs from one Swordfish and quickly sank; casualties were caused to the other three ships by near-misses.{{sfn|Shores|1996|pp=138–139}} Five Blenheims of 14 Squadron RAF arrived in time to see ''Nazario Sauro'' hit and attacked a stationary destroyer and reported that its crew abandoned ship, that it was set on fire, exploded and sank but ''Cesare Battisti'' was later found beached on the Arabian coast.{{sfn|Shores|1996|p=139}}

At {{nowrap|10:10 a.m.}} another four Swordfish found the Italian destroyers {{cvt|100|nmi|mi+km}} distant. ''Daniele Manin'' was hit amidships by two bombs and the crew abandoned ship; three Swordfish obtained near misses. The last two destroyers were shadowed until they were out of range. ''Pantera'' and ''Tigre'' were found {{cvt|12|nmi|mi+km}} south of [[Jeddah]] where they were being abandoned. Blenheims of 14 Squadron and Wellesleys of 223 Squadron from Port Sudan claimed hits on both ships, one catching fire but hit nothing; the destroyer ''Kingston'' destroyed the ships.{{sfn|Smith|2009|p=97}}{{efn|A Wellesley made an emergency landing nearby and another landed to rescue the crew but could not take off. The rest of the Wellesleys landed and rescued both crews, the damaged aircraft being burned; Italian sailors from the ships were nearby but did not interfere.{{sfn|Shores|1996|p=139}}}} ''Vincenzo Orsini'' which had run aground at Massawa managed to refloat and was scuttled in the harbour on 8 April after being bombed by the Swordfish of 813 NAS; the torpedo boat ''Giovanni Acerbi'' was also sunk by aircraft. On 7 April, before being scuttled, the antiquated ''[[MAS (motorboat)|MAS-213]]'' (MAS, motor torpedo boat) a survivor of the Great War, torpedoed the cruiser ''Capetown'' as it escorted minesweepers off Massawa. ''Capetown'' was towed to Port Sudan, eventually to sail for Bombay where it was under repair for a year, then relegated to an accommodation ship.{{sfnm|1a1=Shores|1y=1996|1p=140|2a1=Playfair|2y=1959|2p=441}}{{sfn|O'Hara|2009|pp=111–112}}

==Operations, May–November 1941==
===Assab===

{{main|Assab}}

[[File:Force Publique trek 1941.jpg|thumb|{{centre|Map showing journey of Belgian forces from the Congo to Ethiopia}}]]
After the surrender by Aosta at Amba Alagi on 18 May 1941, some Italian forces held out at Assab, the last Italian harbour on the Red Sea.{{sfn|Jowett|2001|p=7}} [[Operation Chronometer]] took place from 10 to 11 June, with a surprise landing at Assab by the 3/15th Punjab Regiment from Aden, carried by a flotilla comprising {{HMS|Dido|37|6}}, ''Indus'', {{HMIS|Clive|L79|2}}, {{HMS|Chakdina||2}} and SS ''Tuna''.{{sfnm|1a1=Collins|1y=1964|1p=63|2a1=Roskill|2y=1957|2p=517}} ''Dido'' bombarded the shore from {{nowrap|5:05–5:12 a.m.}}; aircraft flew overhead and bombed the port to drown the sound of two motor-boats carrying thirty soldiers each. At {{nowrap|5:19 a.m.}} the troops disembarked on the pier unopposed; two Italian generals, one being {{lang|it|Generale di Brigata Area}} [[Pietro Piacentini]], the commander of {{lang|it|Settore Nord}}, were taken prisoner in their beds and the success signal was fired at {{nowrap|6:00 a.m.}}{{sfnm|1a1=Collins|1y=1964|1pp=64–65, 58–59|2a1=Shores|2y=1996|2p=154}}{{efn|Piacentini had flown a SM 79 on several sorties to guide CR 42s of 412° {{lang|it|Squadriglia}} on strafing raids on British airfields.{{sfn|Shores|1996|p=154}}}}

The flotilla entered the harbour behind a minesweeper and landed the rest of the Punjabis, who sent parties to search the islands nearby and found them to be unoccupied. At {{nowrap|7:00 a.m.}} the Civil Governor was taken to ''Dido'' and surrendered Assab to the Senior Officer Red Sea Force (Rear-Admiral [[R. H. C. Halifax|Ronald Halifax]]) and the army commander, Brigadier [[Harry Dimoline]]. During the evening, Captain Bolla, the Senior Naval Officer at Assab, was captured. Bolla disclosed the positions of three minefields in the approaches to the harbour and told the British that the channel to the east, north of Ras Fatma, was clear. The 3/15th Punjabis took {{nowrap|547 prisoners}} in the operation along with the two generals and {{nowrap|35 Germans.}} On 13 June, the Indian trawler ''Parvati'' struck a magnetic mine near Assab and became the last naval casualty of the campaign.{{sfn|Collins|1964|pp=64–65, 58–59}}

===Kulkaber (Culqualber)===
{{main|Battle of Culqualber|Siege of Saïo}}

[[File:Force Publique leaving for Ethiopia.jpg|thumb|{{centre|{{lang|fr|[[Force Publique]]}} soldiers leaving the Congo to participate in the East African campaign}}]]
A force under General [[Pietro Gazzera]], the Governor of Galla-Sidama and the new acting Viceroy and Governor-General of the AOI was faced with a growing irregular force of ''Arbegnoch'' and many local units melted away. On 21 June 1941, Gazzera abandoned Jimma and about {{nowrap|15,000 men}} surrendered. On 3 July, the Italians were cut off by the [[Free Belgian forces]] (Major-General [[Auguste Gilliaert]]) who had defeated the Italians at [[Asosa]] and [[Saïo]].{{sfn|Weller|2010|p=117}} On 6 July, Gazzera and {{nowrap|2,944 Italian,}} {{nowrap|1,535 African}} and {{nowrap|2,000 ''bande''}} formally surrendered; the 79th Colonial Battalion changed sides and was renamed the 79th Foot as did a company of {{lang|it|banda}} as the {{lang|it|Wollo Banda}}.{{sfnm|1a1=Playfair|1y=2004|1pp=309–314|2a1=Stewart|2y=2016|2pp=217–219}}

[[Uolchefit]] Pass was a position whose control was needed to launch the final attack on Gondar, was defended by a garrison of about {{nowrap|4,000 men}} (Colonel Mario Gonella) in localities distributed in depth for about {{cvt|3|mi}}. The stronghold had been besieged by irregular Ethiopian forces, led by Major B. J. Ringrose, since May and on 5 May the Italians retreated from Amba Giorgis. The besieging force was later augmented by the arrival of the 3/14th Punjab Battalion from the Indian Army and part of the 12th African Division. Several attacks, counter-attacks and sorties were launched between May and August 1941. On 28 September 1941, after losing {{nowrap|950 casualties}} and running out of provisions, Gonella surrendered with {{nowrap|1,629 Italian}} and {{nowrap|1,450 Ethiopian}} soldiers to the 25th East African Brigade (Brigadier W. A. L. James). Work began to repair the road to Gondar during the autumn rains.{{sfn|Playfair|2004|pp=314–317}}

===Battle of Gondar===
{{Main|Battle of Gondar}}
Gondar, the capital of [[Begemder]] Province in north-west Ethiopia, was about {{cvt|120|mi|km}} west of Amba Alagi. After Gazzera surrendered, Nasi, the acting Governor of Amhara, became the new acting Viceroy and Governor-General of the AOI. At Gondar, Nasi faced the British and a growing number of Ethiopian Patriots but held out for almost seven months. While the ''Regia Aeronautica'' in East Africa had been worn down quickly by attrition, the Italian pilots fought on to the end.{{sfn|Mollo|McGregor|Turner|1981|p=91}} After the death of his commander Tenente Malavolti on 31 October, Sergente Giuseppe Mottet became the last Italian fighter pilot in the AOI and on 20 November, flew the last ''Regia Aeronautica'' sortie, a ground-attack operation in the last CR.42 (MM4033) against British artillery positions at Culqualber. Mottet fired one burst and killed Lieutenant-Colonel Ormsby, the CRA.{{sfn|Playfair|2004|p=319}} On landing, Mottet destroyed the CR.42, joined the Italian troops and fought on until the surrender.{{sfn|Gustavsson|2014}} On 27 November, Nasi surrendered with {{nowrap|10,000 Italian}} and {{nowrap|12,000 African}} troops, British losses being {{nowrap|32 men}} killed, {{nowrap|182 wounded,}} six men missing and {{nowrap|15 aircraft}} shot down since 7 April.{{sfn|Playfair|2004|p=321}} In 1949, Maravigna recorded Italian casualties of {{nowrap|4,000 killed}} and {{nowrap|8,400 sick}} and wounded.{{sfn|Maravigna|1949|p=191}}

==Aftermath==

===Analysis===

In 2016, Andrew Stewart wrote that due to the British defeats in [[German invasion of Greece|Greece]] and [[Battle of Crete|Crete]], the East African campaign has been overshadowed, although it was the first victory for the Allies in the Second World War.{{sfn|Stewart|2016|p=ix}} In 2004, the American historian [[Douglas Porch]] wrote that the "pearl of the fascist regime" had lasted only five years, the performance of the Italian army exceeded that in North Africa but there had still been a high ratio of prisoners to casualties. Mass defections by local forces suggested that Fascist imperialism had made little impression on the East African public. The Italian navy at Massawa had shown a "stunning" lack of energy and failed to challenge British access to Mombasa and Port Sudan or the landing at Berbera. The army had failed to exploit British supply difficulties and had left stores behind for the British to use. The British had withdrawn the 4th Indian Division and RAF squadrons for North Africa in February 1941, despite the Italian forces remaining at Amba Alagi, which from 20 April to 15 May, were steadily pressed back until they surrendered on 19 May.{{sfn|Porch|2005|pp=137–138}}

Ethiopia, the Somalilands and Eritrea had been conquered by the British and the end of organised Italian resistance, led to the East Africa Force and Air Headquarters East Africa being reduced by the transfer of the South African and the two Indian divisions to Egypt, along with three fighter, three bomber and a reconnaissance squadron, followed by two more in late May. The 11th and 12th (African) divisions remained, supported by six RAF and SAAF squadrons.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=449–450}} The Italians at Galla-Sidom and Gondar were mopped up and the final surrender was taken by the Belgian contingent from Congo. Mussolini blamed the disaster on the "deficiency of the Italian race" but the Fascist regime survived and the British victory had little influence on Japanese strategy in the Far East.{{sfn|Porch|2005|pp=137–138}} With the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden cleared of [[Axis powers of World War II|Axis]] forces, President [[Franklin Roosevelt]] declared that the areas were no longer combat zones on 11 April 1941. Ships of the [[United States]] were able to proceed to the Suez Canal, which helped to relieve the strain on British shipping resources.{{sfn|Dear|2005|p=247}}

===Signals intelligence===
The Italians had replaced their ciphers in the AOI in November 1940 but by the end of the month, the GC&CS in England and the Cipher Bureau Middle East (CBME) in Cairo had broken the new {{lang|it|Regio Esercito}} and {{lang|it|Regia Aeronautica}} ciphers. Sufficient low-grade ciphers had been broken to reveal the Italian order of battle and the supply situation when the British offensive began on 19 January 1941. Italian dependence on wireless communication, using frequencies which the British easily eavesdropped, led to a flood of information from the daily report from the Viceroy, to the operational plans of the {{lang|it|Regia Aeronautica}} and {{lang|it|Regia Esercito}} on the retreat from Keren.{{sfn|Hinsley|1994|pp=64–65}} On occasion, British commanders had messages before the recipients and it was reported later by the Deputy Director Military Intelligence in Cairo, that

{{quote|...he could not believe that any army commander in the field had [ever] been better served by his intelligence....|DDMI (ME){{sfn|Hinsley|1994|pp=64–65}}}}

===Casualties===
On 16 April 1941, the authorities in the AOI signalled to Rome that {{nowrap|426 officers}} had been killed, {{nowrap|703 wounded}} and {{nowrap|315 captured,}} during military operations before the surrender. Casualties among NCOs and other ranks were {{nowrap|4,785 killed,}} {{nowrap|6,244 wounded}} and {{nowrap|15,871 captured}} (inclusive). Casualties among locally recruited soldiers were {{nowrap|11,755 dead,}} {{nowrap|18,151 wounded}} and {{nowrap|3,076 captured}} before the surrender; the {{lang|it|Truppi coloniale}} figures did not include forces on the Giuba and eastern fronts.{{sfn|Rovighi|1988|p=476}} By May 1941, of the {{circa|350,000}} men in the AOI available for military operations in June 1940, only the {{circa|80,000 men}} in the garrisons near Gondar and the seven colonial divisions in Galla-Sidamo remained to be taken prisoner.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=423, 447}}{{sfn|Playfair|2004|p=303}} More casualties among the Italian and colonial troops occurred after April 1941, in the operations against Amba Alagi (3,500 casualties), Kulkaber/Culqualber (1,003 killed and 804 wounded) and Gondar (4,000 killed and 8,400 sick and wounded).{{sfn|Stewart|2016|p=187}}{{sfn|Maravigna|1949|p=191}} In 2025, Richard Carrier wrote that the number of Italian metropolitan troops killed from June 1940 to November 1941 was 5,511.{{sfn|Carrier|2025|p=126}} In 1959, I. S. O. Playfair, the British official historian, recorded that from June 1940 to May 1941, the East African Force suffered {{nowrap|1,154 battle}} casualties and {{nowrap|74,550 sickness}} or accident cases, including {{nowrap|10,000 dysentery}} and {{nowrap|10,000 malaria}} cases, of which {{nowrap|744 were}} fatal. The RAF lost {{nowrap|138 aircraft}} and the {{lang|it|Regia Aeronautica}} lost {{nowrap|250 of}} the {{nowrap|325 aeroplanes}} in the AOI when the war began and the {{nowrap|75 flown}} to the region during the campaign. The Belgian {{lang|fr|Force Publique}} suffered {{nowrap|462 fatalities}} from all causes.{{sfn|BIC|1941|p=22}} The South African contingent suffered 1,756 casualties from all causes in 1941.{{sfn|Waag|2023|p=616}}

===Subsequent operations===
====Guerrilla warfare====

{{main|Italian guerrilla war in Ethiopia}}

[[File:Cartolina Ritorneremo.jpg|thumb|upright=.75|{{centre|1941 propaganda poster calling on Italians to avenge the defeat in East Africa}}]]
Until 27 November 1941, two African divisions mopped up pockets of resistance until the last formed Italian units surrendered.{{sfn|Raugh|1993|p=183}} From the end of 1941 to September 1943, {{circa|7,000}} men in scattered Italian units fought a guerrilla war from the deserts of Eritrea and Somalia to the forests and mountains of Ethiopia.{{sfn|Cernuschi|1994|pp=5, 36}} They supposedly did so in the hope of holding out until the Germans and Italians in Egypt (or even possibly the Japanese in India) intervened. [[Amedeo Guillet]] was one of the Italian officers who fought with the Italian guerrillas in Ethiopia. Another notable guerrilla leader was [[Hamid Idris Awate]], a father of the [[Eritrean Liberation Front]].{{sfn|Roselli|2007|p=58}}

Other Italian officers were Captain [[Francesco De Martini]] in Eritrea, Colonel Calderari in western Ethiopia/Somalia, Colonel Di Marco in Ogaden/British Somaliland, "blackshirt centurion" De Varda in Somalia/Ethiopia and Major Lucchetti in Ethiopia. Civilians participated and in August 1942, forces led by [[Rosa Dainelli]] sabotaged the main British ammunition dump in Addis Ababa.{{sfn|Roselli|2007|p=58}} Hostilities in East Africa officially ceased on 9 September 1943, when the Italian government signed the Armistice of Cassibile. About 3,000 Italian soldiers remained at war until October 1943, unaware of the Armistice.{{sfn|Cernuschi|1994|p=74}} The [[Woyane rebellion|Woyane Rebellion]] was promoted by the Italian guerrillas, in early 1943 in [[Tigray]] province, there were 20,000–30,000 rebels, hostile to Haile Selassie, against about 5,000 Ethiopian regulars, led by Blatta Haile Mariam Redda, a former Italian-appointed ''chika shum''.{{sfn|Berhe|2011|pp=88–92}}

====Post-war====
In January 1942, the British, under American pressure, signed an interim [[Anglo-Ethiopian Agreement]] with Selassie, acknowledging Ethiopian sovereignty. [[Makonnen Endelkachew]] was named as Prime Minister and on 19 December 1944, the final Anglo-Ethiopian Agreement was signed. Eritrea was placed under British military administration for the duration and in 1952, it became part of Ethiopia. After 1945, Britain controlled both Somalilands, as [[protectorate]]s. In November 1949, the United Nations granted Italy [[United Nations trust territories|trusteeship]] of Italian Somaliland under close supervision, on condition that Somalia achieve independence within ten years.{{sfn|Zolberg|Aguayo|Suhrke|1992|p=106}} British Somaliland became independent on 26 June 1960 as the [[State of Somaliland]], the [[Trust Territory of Somalia]] (ex-Italian Somaliland) became independent on 1 July 1960 and the territories united as the [[Somali Republic]].{{sfn|NEB|2002|p=835}}

==Victoria Cross==
The following is a list of recipients of the Victoria Cross during this campaign:
* [[Eric Charles Twelves Wilson]] (captain, Somaliland Camel Corps) – Received during the Italian invasion of British Somaliland.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|p=177}}
* [[Premindra Singh Bhagat]] (second lieutenant, Royal Bombay Sappers and Miners) – Received during fighting on the Northern Front.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|p=401}}
* [[Richhpal Ram]] (Subedar in 6th Rajputana Rifles) – Received posthumously during fighting on the Northern Front.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|p=435}}
* [[Nigel Leakey]] (sergeant in the 1/6 Battalion King's African Rifles and cousin of the paleoanthropologist [[Louis Leakey]]) – Received posthumously during fighting on the Southern Front.{{sfn|Playfair|2004|p=308}}

==See also==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[List of British military equipment of World War II]]
* [[List of Second Italo-Ethiopian War weapons of Ethiopia]] - Arbegnoch used Ethiopian and captured Italian weapons
* [[List of Belgian military equipment of World War II]]
* [[List of French military equipment of World War II]]
* [[List of Italian Army equipment in World War II]]
* [[Italian guerrilla war in Ethiopia]]
* [[Woyane rebellion]]
* [[Italian Empire]]
* [[Colonial heads of Italian East Africa]]
* [[Military history of Ethiopia]]
* [[Military production during World War II]]
* [[Military history of Italy during World War II]]
* [[North African campaign]]
* [[Western Desert campaign]]
* [[Syria-Lebanon campaign]]
* [[West Africa campaign (World War II)|West Africa campaign]]
* [[Battle of Madagascar]]
* [[German Motorized Company]]
* [[MVSN Colonial Militia]]
* [[South African Irish Regiment]]
* [[81st (West Africa) Division]]
* [[82nd (West Africa) Division]]
* [[Royal Corps of Colonial Troops]]
* [[Dubats]]
* [[Zaptié]]
* [[Armoured car regiment]]
{{Div col end}}

==Notes==
{{notelist|1}}

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist|20em}}

==References==
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** {{harvc |last=Schreiber |first=Gerhard |c=Part I Political and Military Developments in the Mediterranean Area, 1939–1940. III. The Strategic Dilemma of the Summer and Autumn of 1940: An Alternative or Interim Strategy? 3. Italy's Conduct of the War between the Armistice with France and the Attack on Greece. (b) The War in Italian East Africa |year=2015 |in1=Schreiber |in2=Stegemann |in3=Vogel}}
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* {{cite book |ref={{harvid|BIC|1941}}|last=Weller |first=G. |title=The Belgian Campaign in Ethiopia: A Trek of 2,500 Miles Through Jungle Swamps and Desert Wastes |year=1942 |publisher=Belgian Information Center |location=New York |edition=online |url=http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/UN/Belgium/Ethiopia/index.html |access-date=3 March 2016 |oclc=1452395}}
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* {{cite book |last1=Zolberg |first1=Aristide R. |last2=Aguayo |first2=Sergio |last3=Suhrke |first3=Astri |title=Escape from Violence: Conflict and the Refugee Crisis in the Developing World |year=1992 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |isbn=978-0-19-507916-6}}

===Journals===
* {{cite journal |last1=Berhe |first1=Fisseha |title=Studies on the Biography of Blatta Hayle Mariam Redda (1909–1995) |journal=Ityopis |date=2011 |volume=I |publisher=Mekelle University |location=Tigray, Ethiopia |url=http://www.ityopis.org/Issues-1_files/ITYOPIS-I-Berhe.pdf |access-date=3 July 2024 |issn=2223-7178}}
* {{cite journal |last=Carrier |first=Richard |title=The Regio Esercito’s Fatalities, 1940–1943 |journal=British Journal for Military History |volume=XI |issue=2 |date=August 2025 |pages=122–130 |issn=2057-0422}}
* {{cite journal |last=Cernuschi |first=Enrico |title=La resistenza sconosciuta in Africa Orientale |trans-title=The Unknown Resistance in East Africa |journal=Rivista storica |language=it |publisher=Coop. giornalisti storici |location=Roma |year=1994 |oclc=30747124}}
* {{cite journal |editor-last=Hammerton |editor-first=John |url=http://www.thewarillustrated.info/86/south-africans-won-the-race-to-addis-ababa.asp |title=South Africans Won the Race to Addis Ababa |volume=4 |issue=86 |location=London |publisher=[[William Berry, 1st Viscount Camrose|William Berry]] |date=25 April 1941 |journal=[[The War Illustrated]] |access-date=18 October 2008 |oclc=220168380 |archive-date=16 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116035323/http://www.thewarillustrated.info/86/south-africans-won-the-race-to-addis-ababa.asp |url-status=usurped }}
* {{cite journal |last=Waag |first=Ian van der |title="Almost Entirely a Medical War": The South African Medical Corps in East Africa, 1940–1941 |year=2023 |journal=International Journal of Military History and Historiography |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=582–626 |publisher=Brill |location=Leiden, Netherlands |doi=10.1163/24683302-bja10052 |issn=2468-3302|doi-access=free }}

===Theses===
* {{cite thesis |last=Marino |first=F. |title=Military Operations in the Italian East Africa, 1935–1941: Conquest and Defeat |type=MMS |url=http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA519298 |year=2009 |publisher=USMC Command and Staff College |location=Quantico, VA |access-date=22 February 2016 |oclc=832080928 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303131641/http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA519298 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=dead}}

===Websites===
* {{cite web |first=Brigadier C. N. |last=Barclay |title=Mediterranean Operations: Campaigns in Africa |others=para 6 |url=http://gi.grolier.com/wwii/wwii_8.html |work=GI WWII Commemoration |access-date=23 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970121012937/http://gi.grolier.com/wwii/wwii_8.html |archive-date=21 January 1997|ref=none}}
* {{cite web |last=Gustavsson |first=H. |website=Håkans Aviation Page: Biplane Fighter Aces from the Second World War |title=Maresciallo Giuseppe Mottet |year=2014 |url=http://surfcity.kund.dalnet.se/italy_mottet.htm |access-date=2 September 2015}}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
===Books===
* {{cite book |last=Antonicelli |first=Franco |title=Dall'antifascismo alla resistenza: Trent'anni di storia italiana 1915–1945 |trans-title=From Antifascism to Resistance: Thirty Years of Italian History 1915–1945 |series=Saggi |number=295 |language=it |publisher=Einaudi |location=Torino |edition=Mondadori |year=1961 |oclc=859627877 |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |title=Eritrea |last=Barker |first=A. J. |year=1966 |publisher=Faber |location=London |oclc=1658053|ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Barker |first=A. J. |title=The Civilising Mission: The Italo-Ethiopian War 1935–6 |year=1968 |publisher=Cassell |location=London |isbn=978-0-304-93201-6|ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Bragadin |first=Marc'Antonio |title=Italian Navy in World War II |url=https://archive.org/details/italiannavyinwor00brag
|url-access=registration |publisher=US Naval Institute |location=Annapolis, Maryland |year=1957 |edition=1st |oclc=602717421 |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |series=South Africans at War |title=The War of a Hundred Days: Springboks in Somalia and Abyssinia, 1940–41 |volume=I |last=Brown |first=J. A. |year=1990 |publisher=Ashanti |location=Johannesburg, SA |isbn=978-1-874800-10-1 |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |first=Winston S. |last=Churchill |author-link=Winston Churchill |title=The Second World War: Their Finest Hour |volume=II |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |location=Boston |year=1986 |orig-year=1949 |isbn=978-0-395-41056-1|ref=none}}
* {{cite book |title=La Marina italiana nella seconda guerra mondiale |trans-title=The Italian Navy in the Second World War |last=Cocchia |first=A. |year=1958 |publisher=Ufficio storico della marina militare |location=Roma |oclc=859874678|ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Corvaja |first=Santi |title=Hitler and Mussolini: The Secret Meetings |publisher=Enigma Books |location=New York |year=2001 |isbn=978-1-929631-00-1|ref=none}}
* {{cite book |title=The Two Thousand Mile War |last=Crosskill |first=W. E. |year=1980 |publisher=Robert Hale |location=London |oclc=490879527|ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Del Boca |first=Angelo |year=1986 |title=Italiani in Africa Orientale: La caduta dell'Impero |trans-title=Italians in East Africa: The Fall of the Empire |publisher=Laterza |location=Roma-Bari |language=it |isbn=978-88-420-2810-9 |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |title=An Improvised War: The Ethiopian Campaign 1940–1941 |last=Glover |first=M. |year=1987 |publisher=Leo Cooper |location=London |isbn=978-0-85052-241-9|ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Knox |first=MacGregor |title=Mussolini Unleashed, 1939–194: Politics and Strategy in Fascist Italy's Last War |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London |isbn=978-0-521-33835-6 |year=1986|ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Laitin |first=D. D. |title=Politics, Language and Thought: The Somali Experience |year=1977 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |isbn=978-0-226-46791-7|ref=none}}
* {{cite conference |url=http://icaci.org/files/documents/ICC_proceedings/ICC2013/_extendedAbstract/116_proceeding.pdf |last=Liebenberg |first=Elri |title=The Springboks in East Africa: The role of 1 SA Survey Company (SAEC) in the East African Campaign of World War II, 1940–1941 |book-title=Proceedings of the 26th International Cartographic Conference |publisher=ICA |date=25–30 August 2013 |location=Dresden |isbn=978-1-907075-06-3 |access-date=8 October 2024}}
* {{cite book |last1=Lupinacci |first1=Pier Filippo |last2=Cocchia |first2=Aldo |title=La Marina italiana nella seconda guerra mondiale: Le operazioni in Africa Orientale |language=it |trans-title=The Italian Navy in the Second World War: Operations in East Africa |volume=X |pages=187–197 |publisher=Ufficio Storico della Marina Militare Italiana |location=Rome |year=1961 |edition=1st |oclc=955801310|ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Metz |first=Helen Chapin |author-link=Helen Chapin Metz |series=Area Handbook |number=86 |title=Somalia: A Country Study |year=2004 |orig-year=1993 |publisher=Federal Research Division |edition=Kessinger |isbn=978-0-8444-0775-3 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/somaliacountryst00metz |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |title=Nafziger Orders of Battle Collection: Finding Aid |last=Nafziger |first=G. |year=2012 |orig-year=2011 |publisher=Combined Arms Research Library (US Army Command and General Staff College) |location=Fort Leavenworth, KS |edition=online |url=http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cdm/singleitem/collection/p4013coll11/id/1277/rec/7 |access-date=10 March 2016 |oclc=528648446 |ref=none |archive-date=10 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310131356/http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cdm/singleitem/collection/p4013coll11/id/1277/rec/7 |url-status=dead }}
* {{cite book |last=Platt |first=W. |author-link=William Platt |title=Operations of the East African Command 12 July 1941 to 8 January 1943 |publisher=The London Gazette |issue=37655 |pages=3711–3720 |date=17 July 1946 |location=London |url=http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/UN/UK/LondonGazette/37655.pdf |access-date=27 June 2014|ref=none}}
* {{cite book |author= |title=Revised Notes on the Italian Army (with amendments 1–3 incorporated) |year=1942 |publisher=[[War Office]] |location=London |oclc=41977582|ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Shirreff |first=David |year=2009 |orig-year=1995 |title=Bare Feet and Bandoliers: Wingate, Sandford, the Patriots and the Liberation of Ethiopia |location=Barnsley |publisher=Pen & Sword Military |isbn=978-1-84884-029-4|ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Sobski |first=Marek |translator-last=Basarabowicz |translator-first=Tomasz |series=Mussolini's War |volume=I |title=East Africa 1940–1941 (land campaign): The Italian Army Defends the Empire in the Horn of Africa |year=2020 |publisher=Zielona Gora |isbn=979-8-57-786912-0}}
* {{cite book |title=Air War East Africa 1940–41: The RAF Versus the Italian Air Force |last1=Sutherland |first1=J. |last2=Canwell |first2=D. |year=2009 |publisher=Pen & Sword Aviation |location=Barnsley |isbn=978-1-84415-816-4|ref=none}}
* {{cite book |title=Les forces françaises dans la lutte contre l'Axe en Afrique |trans-title=French Forces in the Fight against the Axis in Africa |last1=Vincent |first1=J-N. |last2=Spivak |first2=M. |last3=Léoni|first3=A. |language=fr |others=1983–1985 |publisher=Ministère de la défense, Etat-major de l'Armée de terre, Service historique |location=Paris |isbn=978-2-86323-017-6|ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Wavell |first=A. |author-link=Archibald Wavell |title=Operations in the Somaliland Protectorate, 1939–1940 (Appendix A – G. M. R. Reid and A. R. Godwin-Austen) |publisher=The London Gazette |issue=37594 |pages=2719–2727 |date=4 June 1946 |url=http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/UN/UK/LondonGazette/37594.pdf |access-date=27 June 2014|ref=none}}

===Journal===
* {{cite journal |last1=Liebenberg |first1=Elri |title=The Springboks in East Africa: the role of 1 SA survey company (SAEC) in the East African campaign of World War II, 1940–1941 |journal=Scientia Militaria: South African Journal of Military Studies |date=2016 |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=87–112 |doi=10.5787/44-2-1177 |publisher=University of Stellenbosch |issn=1022-8136|doi-access=free }}

===Theses===
* {{cite thesis |last=Anglim |first=S. J. |title=Orde Wingate and the British Army 1922–1944: Military Thought and Practice Compared and Contrasted |type=PhD |url=http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489485 |year=2007 |publisher=University of Wales, Aberystwyth |access-date=25 February 2016 |others=ISNI 0000 0001 3424 7296 |oclc=828579432|ref=none}}
* {{cite thesis |last=Snead |first=L. R. |series=Command and General Staff College, School of Advanced Military Studies |title=Wavell's Campaigns in the Middle East: An Analysis of Operational Art and the Implications for Today |date=6 May 1994 |type=Monograph |url=http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cdm/singleitem/collection/p4013coll3/id/1328/rec/2 |publisher=School of Advanced Military Studies, United States Army Command and General Staff College |location=Fort Leavenworth, KS |access-date=5 March 2016 |docket=ADA 284720 |oclc=831935679 |ref=none |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062551/http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cdm/singleitem/collection/p4013coll3/id/1328/rec/2 |url-status=dead }}

===Website===
* {{cite web |url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Making+do:+the+air+war+in+East+Africa,+1940-1941.-a0295551098 |title=Making Do: the Air War in East Africa, 1940–1941 |last=Kostecka |first=D. J. |date=2012 |website=The Free Library |access-date=28 June 2014|ref=none}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|East African campaign}}
* [http://www.centrorsi.it/notizie/images/stories/casssa/cassa%20nastro%20azzurro117.jpg Italian campaign map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208214619/http://www.centrorsi.it/notizie/images/stories/casssa/cassa%20nastro%20azzurro117.jpg |date=8 December 2021 }}
* [https://defenceindepth.co/2016/10/21/the-first-victory/#_top Short talk on the campaign by Andrew Stewart (2016)]
* [http://www.iwm.org.uk/history/how-italy-was-defeated-in-east-africa-in-1941 Imperial War Museum talk]
* [http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Making+do:+the+air+war+in+East+Africa,+1940-1941.-a0295551098 Air War in East Africa]
* [http://niehorster.org/019_italy/40-06-10_army/army_aoi.html Italian East African Armed Forces, 10 June 1940]
* [http://niehorster.org/019_italy/40_organ/brig_aoi_40.html 1940 Colonial Brigade, 10 June 1940]
* [http://www.togdheer.com/history/worldwar.shtml Somalihome Online: The Invasion of British Somaliland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717065610/http://www.togdheer.com/history/worldwar.shtml |date=17 July 2011 }}
* [http://www.regiamarina.it/eng_index.htm ''Regia Marina'' The Italian Royal Navy]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110911064517/http://www.britishmilitaryhistory.co.uk/documents.php?aid=80&nid=11&start=0 British Military History: East Africa 1940–1947]

{{World War II}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:East African Campaign (World War II)}}
[[Category:East African campaign (World War II)| ]]
[[Category:African theatres of World War II|.]]
[[Category:Campaigns of World War II]]
[[Category:History of the Horn of Africa]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1940]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1941]]
[[Category:Kenya Colony]]
[[Category:British Somaliland]]
[[Category:Italian East Africa]]
[[Category:Belgian Congo in World War II]]
[[Category:Eritrea in World War II]]
[[Category:Ethiopia in World War II]]
[[Category:Kenya in World War II]]
[[Category:Somaliland in World War II]]
[[Category:Southern Rhodesia in World War II]]
[[Category:1940s in Eritrea]]
[[Category:1940s in Ethiopia]]
[[Category:1940s in Kenya]]
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[[Category:Battles and operations of World War II involving South Africa]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Force Publique]]
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[[Category:Military history of British Somaliland during World War II]]
[[Category:Military history of the British Empire and Commonwealth in World War II]]
[[Category:Military history of Italy during World War II]]
[[Category:Military campaigns involving France]]
[[Category:Military history of South Africa during World War II]]
[[Category:Military campaigns involving British India]]
[[Category:Wars involving the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:Wars involving Ghana]]
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[[Category:1940s in Africa]]
[[Category:Military campaigns involving Ethiopia]]

Mallikarjuna Panditaradhyudu

2026-03-20T09:23:24Z

Srcsdoon: created some article more to come

{{Short description|Indian philosopher of Veerasaiva school}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Mallikarjuna Panditaradhyudu
| pseudonym =
| birth_place = [[Draksharama]] (present-day [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]])<ref name="SalvaKrishnamurti"/>
| birth_date = c. 1110 CE<ref name="Lalitamba"/>
| death_date = c. 1185 CE<ref name="Lalitamba"/>
| death_place = Vellaturu (present-day [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]])<ref name="YasodaDevi"/>{{rp|129}}
| occupation = Poet, Philosopher
| period = 12th century
| genre = {{transliteration|kn|ISO|Śaiva}} literature
| notableworks = {{transliteration|kn|ISO|Śivatattvasāramu}}
| spouse =
| movement = [[Bhakti movement]], [[Veerashaivism]]
| native_name = మల్లికార్జున పండితారాధ్యుడు
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Kannada language|Kannada]]
| native_name_lang = te
| children = Kēdārayya Pandita<ref name="Lalitamba1981"/>
}}

'''Mallikarjuna Panditaradhyudu''' ({{IPA|te|ˈmallikaːɾd͡ʒunpaɳɖitaːɾaːdʱjuɖu|lang}}, {{langx|te|మల్లికార్జున పండితారాధ్యుడు|Mallikārjuna Paṇḍitārādhyuḍu}}) was an Indian philosopher of [[Veerashaiva|Veerasaiva]] school and a [[Telugu language|Telugu]] poet from Andhra region. He was a poet in the court of [[Velanati Chodas|Velanati Choda]] king [[Rajendra Choda II]].<ref name="YasodaDevi"/> His {{transliteration|kn|ISO|Śivatatvasāramu}} was the first independent Telugu work. Being a unique person of his era he contributed in spreading [[Saivism]] throughout Andhra region. He was credited with ending the remnants of Buddhism in Andhra land through his intellect and influence.<ref name="YasodaDevi"/>{{rp|129}} For his prowess in Telugu language, he was generally referred to as {{langx|te|కవిమల్లు|Kavimallu|Wrestler among poets}}.<ref name="ChilukuriNarayanRao1939"/>

==Birth and early life==
Mallikarjuna was born at [[Draksharama]] in c. 1110 CE in a Saivite family.<ref name="Lalitamba"/> His parents were Bhimana pandita and Gouramba.<ref name="SalvaKrishnamurti">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D5YOAAAAYAAJ|title= A History of Telugu Literature: 1108 A.D.-1320 A.D|publisher= Institute of Asian Studies|year=1994|language=English|last1=Salva |first1= Krishnamurthi |last2=Shu |first2= Hikosaka |last3=G. |first3= John Samuel}}</ref><ref name="Lalitamba1981">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yusXAAAAIAAJ|title= Vīraśaivism in Āndhra|publisher= P.R. Krishnamurty|year=1981|language=English|last1=K. |first1= Lalitamba|page=29}}</ref> His father was a priest in the Bhimeswara Temple at Drakasharama, which was one of the [[Pancharama Kshetras]] and also locally referred as {{IAST|Dakṣiṇakāśi}} (lit. [[Varanasi|Kasi]] in the South).<ref name="SalvaKrishnamurti"/><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N_3fAAAAMAAJ|title= Fairs and Festivals of India|publisher=Gyan Publishing House|year=2003|language=English|last1= Bezbaruah|first1= Madan Prasad|page=21}}</ref> His family followed Rgveda and of Gautama gotra.<ref name="YasodaDevi"/>{{rp|129}} His guru was Aradhyadeva of [[Kotipalli]] from whom he received knowledge about [[Saivism]].<ref name="SrinivasChary">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E3rXAAAAMAAJ|title=The Hindu Temple Traditions of Draksharama|year=1994|language=English|page=69|last1=M.|first1= Srinivas Chary|isbn=9780773467651}}</ref> His birth anniversary is observed by some saivites during the month of [[Mīna|Meena]] (i.e. mid-March to mid-April) on the day of [[Shravana|Sravana]] [[nakshatra]]m.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zseCqGFRpyQC|title=The Mysore|publisher= Mittal Publications|year=1932|language=English|editor-last1= Iyengar |editor-first1= Venkatesa |page=43}}</ref>

==Works==
Mallikarjuna wrote {{transliteration|te|ISO|Śivatattvasāramu}} which was the first independent work in [[Telugu language|Telugu]]. It had 489 short verses and contains information about the Saivism preached by him.<ref name="Lalitamba">{{cite journal |last1= K.|first1=Lalithamba |date= 1978|title= DEVOTIONAL SAIVISM IN MEDIEVAL ANDHRA |url= https://www.jstor.org/stable/44139392|journal= Indian History Congress |volume= 39 |pages=535–538 |access-date= 17 March 2024}}</ref> He later translated that work into [[Kannada language|Kannada]]. It is one of the earliest [[Shataka|Satakas]] in Telugu literature.<ref name="YasodaDevi"/>{{rp|131}} His works are placed in the 'Siva Kavi era' of Telugu literature which roughly corresponds to the period between 1100 CE and 1250 CE.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hc5jAAAAMAAJ|title= Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Sasay to Zorgot|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=9788126018031|year=2008|language=English|editor-last1=Datta|editor-first1=Amaresh|page=984}}</ref> The trio of [[Nanne Choda]], Mallikarjuna and [[Palkuriki Somanatha|Somanatha]] are referred as '''{{transliteration|kn|ISO|Śivakavitrayam}}''' (i.e. Trio of Saivite Poets). These trio along with Piduparthi poets and Yathavakkula Annamayya pioneered Veera Saiva movement in Andhra region.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xYhkAAAAMAAJ|title= Major Genres and Trends in Dravidian Literature|publisher= Dravidian University|year=2003|language=English|editor-last1=R.|editor-first1=Sri Hari|page=49}}</ref> Some other works by Mallikarjuna include {{transliteration|te|ISO|Lingōdbhava Gadyam}}, {{transliteration|te|ISO|Amarēśvara Śatakam}}, {{transliteration|te|ISO|Gangā Sahasramāla}} and {{transliteration|te|ISO|Rudramahima}}.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ObFCT5_taSgC|title= Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=9788126018031|year=1987|language=English|editor-last1=Datta|editor-first1=Amaresh|page=984}}</ref>

== Contribution to Saivism ==
Mallikarjuna was influenced by [[Basaveswara]]. He seems to be the very first Telugu poet who laud [[Basaveswara]] in Andhra region.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ll4JAQAAIAAJ|title= Palkuriki Somanatha : On the Life and Works of Palakuriki Somanatha, 13th Century Telugu and Kannada Poet|publisher= Prasaranga, University of Mysore|year=1980|language=English|editor-last1=Callā |editor-first1= Rādhākr̥ṣṇaśarma |page=41}}</ref> He contributed to the emergence of ''Aradhya sect'' which encompasses elements from Vedic traditions and Veerashaivism.<ref name="AyyappaPaniker">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC|title= Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections|publisher= Sahitya Akademi|year=1997|language=English|isbn=81-260-0365-0|editor-last1=Paniker|editor-first1=K. Ayyappa|page=542}}</ref> Mallikarjuna, {{transliteration|kn|ISO|Śripati Paṇḍita}} and {{transliteration|kn|ISO|Mancanna Paṇḍita}} (also known as Sivalenka) are prominent among founders of Panditaradhya saivite sects during Middle Ages in Andhra region.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zseCqGFRpyQC|title=The Mysore|publisher= Mittal Publications|year=1932|language=English|editor-last1= Iyengar |editor-first1= Venkatesa |page=35}}</ref> These three were referred as '''{{transliteration|kn|ISO|Paṇḍitatrayam}}''' (i.e. Trio of Scholars) in Veera Saiva tradition. These three were disciples of Basava. The descendants of Mallikarjuna came to be known as Aradhya Saivites. However, Mallikarjuna differs from Basava on the aspects of the authority of Vedas and Varna system. Nevertheless, few centuries later the amicable relations between Aradhya saivism of Mallikarjuna and Lingayatism of Basava became a necessity in the wake of Islamic invasions from the North (i.e. [[Delhi Sultanate]]).<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ll4JAQAAIAAJ|title= After The Kaktiyas|publisher= Andhra Sahitya Academy|year=1975|language=English|page=11}}</ref>

==Biography==
Veerasaivite poet [[Palkuriki Somanatha]] wrote '{{transliteration|kn|ISO|Paṇḍitārādhyacaritamu}}' which contains a legendary biography of Mallikarjuna.<ref name="YasodaDevi">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o63Hau4If3cC|title= The History of Andhra Country, 1000 A.D.-1500 A.D.: Administration, literature and society|publisher= Gyan Publishing House|year=1993|language=English|isbn=9788121204859|author=Yasoda Devi}}</ref>{{rp|127}}<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5hwABAAAQBAJ|title= Siva's Warriors|publisher= Princeton University Press|year=2014|language=English|isbn=9781400860906|editor-last1=Roghair|editor-first1=Gene H.|editor-last2=Velchuru|editor-first2=Narayana Rao}}</ref> This work belongs to the {{transliteration|kn|ISO|Caritrakāvyamu}} genre of [[Telugu literature]] that contains generally legendary biographies of a notable personality.<ref name="AyyappaPaniker"/> With an initiative by [[Andhra Patrika]] founder and freedom fighter [[Kasinadhuni Nageswara Rao]], the historian and Telugu scholar [[Chilukuri Narayana Rao]] edited this work by Somanatha after referring to some ancient palmleaf manuscripts. It was later published under the name {{transliteration|kn|ISO|Paṇḍitārādhyacaritra}} in 1939.<ref name="ChilukuriNarayanRao1939">{{Cite book |title=పండితారాధ్య చరిత్ర|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.371006|year=1939|publisher=Andhra Patrika Printing Press|location=[[Chennai|Madras]]|language=Telugu|editor=[[Chilukuri Narayana Rao]]}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Palkuriki Somanatha]]
*[[Basava]]
*[[Veerashaivism]]
*[[Lingayatism]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Panditaradhyudu, Mallikarjuna}}
[[Category:Lingayat poets]]
[[Category:Lingayatism]]
[[Category:Bhakti movement]]
[[Category:Hindu philosophers and theologians]]
[[Category:Telugu poets]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Poets from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:12th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Scholars from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Shaivite religious leaders]]
[[Category:12th-century Indian philosophers]]

Thakur Prithi Chand

2026-03-19T07:07:15Z

Srcsdoon: starting new page first draft

{{Short description|Indian Army officer (1911–2000)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = [[Colonel]]
| name = Thakur Prithi Chand
| honorific_suffix = [[Maha Vir Chakra|MVC]]
| image = Thakur Prithi Chand MVC.png
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = 1 January 1911
| death_date = 2000
| birth_place = Rangri, [[Kullu district]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| placeofburial =
| placeofburial_label =
| placeofburial_coordinates = 
| nickname =
| birth_name =
| allegiance = {{flag|British India}} {{flag|India}}
| branch = {{army|British India}} {{army|India}}
| rank = [[File:Colonel of the Indian Army.svg|25 px]] [[Colonel]]
| servicenumber = IEC - 787 or IEC - 8968
| unit = 2 Dogra 7 J&K Militia 3/11 Gorkha Regiment
| commands =
| battles = [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947]]
| battles_label =
| awards = [[Maha Vir Chakra]]
| alma_mater =
| relations = [[Kushal Chand|Lt. Col. Kushal Chand, MVC]] [[Bhim Chand (soldier)|Sub. Maj. and Hony Capt. Bhim Chand, VrC & bar]]
| laterwork =
| signature =
}}

[[Colonel (India)|Colonel]] '''Thakur Prithi Chand''', [[Maha Vir Chakra|MVC]], (1 January 1911 - 2000)<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2000-07-03 |title=Col Thakur Prithi Chand MVC |url=https://www.honourpoint.in/profile/col-thakur-prithi-chand-mvc/ |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=honourpoint.in |language=en-US}}</ref> was an officer of the [[Indian Army]]. He is known for his significant role in stalling Pakistani advances in [[Ladakh]] during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948|Indo-Pakistan War of 1947-48]]. For his role in this war, Thakur Prithi Chand is regarded among the 'Saviours of Ladakh', alongside [[Thakur Kushal Chand|Kushal Chand]], [[Bhim Chand (soldier)|Bhim Chand]], and [[Chewang Rinchen]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Homage paid to Lt Col Khushal Chand "Savior of Ladakh" |url=http://brighterkashmir.com//news/homage-paid-to-lt-col-khushal-chand-savior-of-ladakh |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=Brighter Kashmir}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Francis |first=J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m3LOEAAAQBAJ&dq=kushal+chand+prithi+chand+chewang+rinchen+bhim+chand&pg=PT77 |title=Selected Stories of Gallant Indian Soldiers |date=2019-10-02 |publisher=Vij Books India Pvt Ltd |isbn=978-93-88161-85-5 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Patial|date=3 February 2017 |title=The Lure of the Mountains {{!}} Salute |url=https://salute.co.in/the-lure-of-the-mountains/ |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=salute.co.in |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Prithi Chand was born in village Rangri near [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh|Manali]].<ref name=":2" /> He was a scion of the house of Kolong, which during the [[British Raj]] ruled the mountainous tract of [[Lahaul and Spiti district|Lahaul]] in the [[Kangra district]] of [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bajpai |first=S.C. |title=Lahaul-Spiti: a Forbidden Land in the Himalayas |publisher=Indus Publishing House |year=1987 |location=New Delhi |pages=23–24}}</ref> Prithi Chand was the third son of Thakur Amar Chand (d. 1921), the Wazir of Lahaul. Thakur Amar Chand had fought in [[Mesopotamian campaign|Mesopotamia]] during World War I. For his services during the war, Thakur Amar Chand was given the title '[[Rao Bahadur|Rai Bahadur]]' by the [[British Raj]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Brentnall |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ayYbAvECXQwC&dq=mark+brentnall+prithi+chand&pg=PA364 |title=The Princely and Noble Families of the Former Indian Empire: Himachal Pradesh |date=2004 |publisher=Indus Publishing |isbn=978-81-7387-163-4 |pages=364 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Col. Dilbag Dabas (retd.) |date=17 August 2019 |title=Major Thakur Prithi Chand — The fearless Dogra from Lahaul |work=The Tribune |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/himachaltribune/major-thakur-prithi-chand-the-fearless-dogra-from-lahaul-818789}}</ref> The Thakurs of Lahaul had strong bonds with Ladakh, as they married into the latter's royal family, and shared cultural, linguistic, and religious similarities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hotel Snowview - Visit Lahaul, 'Scotland of Himachal' |url=http://www.hotelsnowviewmanali.com/Gemoor.aspx |website=hotelsnowviewmanali.com/Gemoor}}</ref>

Prithi Chand passed out of high school from [[Kullu]] in 1929, and did graduation from [[Sri Pratap College|Shri Pratap College]], Srinagar. However, with his elder brother Thakur Abhay Chand becoming mentally unhealthy in 1929, Prithi Chand soon had to leave his studies unfinished, and help in the waziri of Lahaul.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Tobdan |title=The Brave Soldiers of Lahaul - the Saviours of Ladakh in 1948 |publisher=Kaveri Books |year=2022 |location=New Delhi |pages=18}}</ref>

== Armed forces career ==
In 1933–34, Prithi Chand got recruited in the 11/17 Dogra Regiment. In 1936, he was appointed as Jamadar under the [[Viceroy's commissioned officer|Viceroy's Commission]]. In 1939, Chand was promoted to 2nd Lieutenant through the [[King's Commissioned Indian Officer|King's Commission]], into the 2nd Battalion of the [[Dogra Regiment|Dogra Infantry Regiment]] in 1939.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5" />

There seems to be some confusion regarding Chand's service number. B. Chakravorty mentions it as IEC - 787, while the website of the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]], Government of India, mentions it as IEC - 8968.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chakravorty |first=B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uzizVBSb4YsC&dq=thakur+prithi+chand+manali&pg=PA134 |title=Stories of Heroism: PVC & MVC Winners |date=1995 |publisher=Allied Publishers |isbn=978-81-7023-516-3 |pages=134 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Lieutenant Colonel Prithi Chand (Then Major) |url=https://www.gallantryawards.gov.in/assets/uploads/styles/awardee_img/public/sites/default/files/Prithi_compressed-2022-08-01-0404-0808.pdf |website=gallantryawards.gov.in}}</ref>

=== Actions in Ladakh, 1948 ===
Thakur Prithi Chand played a key role in defending [[Ladakh]] during the Indo-Pakistan War of 1947–48.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gutschow |first=Kim |date=2006 |title=The Politics of Being Buddhist in Zangskar: Partition and Today |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14736480600939306 |journal=India Review |language=en |volume=5 |issue=3–4 |pages=470–498 |doi=10.1080/14736480600939306 |issn=1473-6489|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Capt. D.P. Ramachandran |date=5 June 2017 |title=The Snow Warriors |url=https://www.coloursofglory.org/the-snow-warriors/ |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=Colours of Glory |language=en}}</ref> Between mid-February and early March 1948, under treacherous and extremely challenging winter conditions, Prithi Chand led a small volunteer group to Ladakh, which comprised Lahauli Buddhists serving in 2 Dogra. He was accompanied by his younger cousin Major [[Kushal Chand]], and their uncle Subedar [[Bhim Chand (soldier)|Bhim Chand]], both of whom were also in 2 Dogra.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lt Gen Baljit Singh (retd.) |date=17 February 2019 |title=Army's first boots in Ladakh |work=The Tribune |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/army-s-first-boots-in-ladakh-728966}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> Once in Ladakh, the trio raised local militias and conducted guerrilla warfare to thwart and repel invading Pakistani forces in that sector. For his actions, Major Thakur Prithi Chand was awarded the [[Maha Vir Chakra]], independent India's second highest gallantry award, on 15 August 1948. In these actions, Khushal Chand was also awarded the Maha Vir Chakra, while Bhim Chand was awarded the [[Vir Chakra]] (India's third highest gallantry award) and bar.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Col. Dilbag Dabas (retd.) |date=10 August 2019 |title=Maj Kushal Chand — Ladakh valley's saviour |work=The Tribune |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/himachaltribune/maj-kushal-chand-%E2%80%94-ladakh-valleys-saviour-815931}}</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Prasad |first=Shankar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_Wxsgt6_0TYC&q=prithi+chand+&pg=PA97 |title=The Gallant Dogras: An Illustrated History of the Dogra Regiment |date=2005 |publisher=Lancer Publishers |isbn=978-81-7062-268-0 |pages=102–3 |language=en}}</ref>

==== Mahavir Chakra award ====
The Maha Vir Chakra citation for Thakur Prithi Chand reads as the following:<ref name=":0" />

{{Reduced pull quote|width=|quote=In February 1948, Major Thakur Prithi Chand of the 2nd Dogra Battalion volunteered to command a small force of 18 volunteers from the Indian Army in the Kashmir Valley to Leh to raise and train a militia force, and organise the defence of that area. He led this small band of brave men in mid-winter across Zoji La, a mountain pass at 11,000 feet, in snow blizzard and over 20 feet deep snow without any special snow or winter equipment. This in itself was an epic feat. On arrival at Leh, Major Prithi Chand took command of two platoons of J&K State Forces, and with his own men, hurriedly raised and trained some 200 militia. By May, the enemy had overrun most of Baltistan, captured Kargil and was advancing on Leh along the Indus and Nubra valleys. This young officer with little tactical knowledge or experience, but filled with intense patriotism and an indomitable spirit, held the enemy advance by adopting guerilla tactics. Covering a front extending over hundreds of miles, he organised raids and ambushes on the enemy, frequently leading them himself. Major Prithi Chand underwent extreme physical strain; he appeared everywhere. One day he was in the Indus valley and the next day or day after, he would be in the Nubra valley many miles away. He and his men lived mostly on sattu and with very little ammunition he kept the enemy at bay until reinforcements were sent to him by air. Posterity will sing the praises of Major Prithi Chand and of his small band of men for generations to come, and the people of Ladakh valley will always remember them as their saviors. Major Thakur Prithi Chand throughout these operations displayed exceptional leadership, courage and indomitable spirit in the highest traditions of the Indian Army.|author=|source=}}

=== Afterwards ===
Upon his promotion to the rank of [[Lieutenant colonel|Lieutenant Colonel]] in 1950, Chand was given the command of the 3rd Battalion of the 11th [[Gorkha regiments (India)|Gorkha Infantry Regiment]], which he went on to hold for three years. He retired as a [[Colonel (India)|Colonel]] in 1962.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":522">{{Cite book |last=Tobdan |title=The Brave Soldiers of Lahaul - the Saviours of Ladakh in 1948 |publisher=Kaveri Books |year=2022 |location=New Delhi |pages=152}}</ref>

== Post-retirement ==
Thakur Prithi Chand was a Buddhist.<ref name=":3" /> After his retirement from the army, he served at one point as the president of the Himalayan Buddhist Society, Manali.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Himalayan Buddhist Society Manali |url=http://testwebsites.cybraintech.com/hbsm/history.html |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=testwebsites.cybraintech.com |archive-date=3 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103101226/http://testwebsites.cybraintech.com/hbsm/history.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chand, Thakur Prithi}}
[[Category:People from Lahaul and Spiti district]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Maha Vir Chakra]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian Army officers]]
[[Category:British Indian Army officers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian royalty]]
[[Category:People of the India–Pakistan war of 1947–1948]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian military personnel]]
[[Category:People from Punjab Province (British India)]]
[[Category:1911 births]]
[[Category:2000 deaths]]

K. H. Muniyappa

2026-03-17T20:48:42Z

Srcsdoon: adjusted content

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = K.H. Muniyappa
| image = [[File:The Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises, Shri K.H. Muniyappa interacting with the Press, in New Delhi on April 02, 2013.jpg|200px]]
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1948|3|7|df=y}}
| birth_place = Kammadhalli shidlaghatta, [[Karnataka]]
| residence = [[Bangalore]]
| office = Cabinet Minister, [[Government of Karnataka]]
| term_start = 20 May 2023<ref>{{Cite web| title = K. H. Muniyappa sworn as Cabinet Minister in Government of Karnataka|url=https://www.abplive.com/news/india/karnataka-cm-siddaramaiah-swearing-in-ceremony-know-about-kh-muniyappa-who-became-cabinet-minister-in-siddaramaiah-govt-2412517/amp}}</ref>
| term_end =
| governor = [[Thawar Chand Gehlot]]
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[Siddaramaiah]]
| subterm = '''Cabinet'''
| suboffice = [[Second Siddaramaiah ministry]]
| 2blankname = Ministry and Departments
| 2namedata = *'''Food & Civil Supplies'''
* '''Consumer Affairs'''
| predecessor = [[Umesh Katti]]
| successor =
| office1 = Member of [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency1 = [[Devanahalli (Vidhana Sabha constituency)|Devanahalli]]
| predecessor1 = L. N. Narayanaswamy
| term_start1 = 13 May 2023
| office2 = Union Minister of State(Independent charge), [[Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises|Minister of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises]]
| predecessor2 = [[Vayalar Ravi]]
| successor2 = [[Kalraj Mishra]]
| primeminister2 = Dr. [[Manmohan Singh]]
| term_start2 = 28 October 2012
| term_end2 = 26 May 2014
| office3 = [[Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament Lok Sabha]]
| term_start3 = 1991
| term_end3 = 2019
| predecessor3 = [[Y. Ramakrishna]]
| successor3 = [[S. Muniswamy]]
| constituency3 = [[Kolar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kolar]]
| office4 = Minister of State, [[Government of India]]
| term_start4 = 22 May 2009
| term_end4 = 28 October 2012
| president4 = [[Pratibha Patil]] [[Pranab Mukherjee]]
| 1blankname4 = Prime Minister
| 1namedata4 = [[Manmohan Singh]]
| subterm4 = '''Cabinet'''
| suboffice4 = [[Second Manmohan Singh ministry]]
| 2blankname4 = Ministry and Departments
| 2namedata4 = Railways
| term_start5 = 23 May 2004
| term_end5 = 22 May 2009
| president5 = [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] [[Pratibha Patil]]
| 1blankname5 = Prime Minister
| 1namedata5 = [[Manmohan Singh]]
| subterm5 = '''Cabinet'''
| suboffice5 = [[First Manmohan Singh ministry]]
| 2blankname5 = Ministry and Departments
| 2namedata5 = Road, Transport & Highways
| party = [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| spouse = M. Nagarathnamma
| children = 1 son and 4 daughters including Roopakala M Shashidhar<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sathish |first=G. T. |date=2023-05-13 |title=Karnataka Assembly to see several father-son, father-daughter pairs and relatives this time |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/karnataka-assembly/karnataka-assembly-to-see-several-father-son-father-daughter-pairs-and-relatives-this-time/article66847298.ece |access-date=2023-10-07 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
| awards = [[Doctorate]]
| website =
| footnotes =
| date = 25 September|
| year = 2006|
| source = http://164.100.24.208/ls/lsmember/biodata.asp?mpsno=261
}}
'''Kambadahalli Hanumappa Muniyappa''' (born 7 March 1948) is an Indian politician from [[Karnataka]]. He is a seven time Member of the Parliament from Kolar Lok Sabha constituency and also served as a Cabinet Minister.

==Early life and education==
Muniyappa belongs to [[Madiga]] community, a member of [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] community.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Malagi|first=Shivakumar G.|date=2018-04-08|title=The Madiga split caught between a seer and a minister|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/080418/the-madiga-split-caught-between-a-seer-and-a-minister.html|access-date=2020-06-08|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref> He completed his graduation in law in 1986 at SJRC College, which is affiliated with Bangalore University.<ref>{{Cite web |title=K.H.Muniyappa(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- DEVANAHALLI (SC)(BANGALORE RURAL) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/Karnataka2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=7229 |access-date=2024-07-25 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> He was also awarded a doctorate by Gulbarga University.<ref>{{Cite web |title=K.H.MUNIYAPPA : Bio, Political life, Family & Top stories |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/candidates/k-h-muniyappa |access-date=2024-07-25 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> He belongs to Madiga community, a sub-group which is considered as a Dalit left community.<ref>{{Cite web |last=DHNS |title=How Muniyappa worked his way back into power politics after 2019 debacle |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/how-muniyappa-worked-his-way-back-into-power-politics-after-2019-debacle-2956970 |access-date=2024-07-25 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
Muniyappa has represented Kolar seven times consecutively: He was first elected as an MP in 1991 to the [[10th Lok Sabha]]. Then he won the MP seat for the next six elections to become a seven time MP. He was a member of the [[11th Lok Sabha]], [[12th Lok Sabha]], [[13th Lok Sabha]], [[14th Lok Sabha]], [[15th Lok Sabha]] and [[16th Lok Sabha]]. However, he lost the 2019 elections to a largely unknown face [[S. Muniswamy]] by more than one lakh votes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/top-karnataka-stories/congs-kolar-fortress-falls-muniyappa-bites-dust-735720.html|title = Cong's Kolar fortress falls; Muniyappa bites dust|date = 24 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/karnataka/karnataka-cong-mlas-worked-against-me-should-be-expelled-kh-muniyappa/story-MZFODFt3ViXeYSsj6tzUlJ.html|title = Karnataka Cong MLAs worked against me, should be expelled: KH Muniyappa| work=Hindustan Times |date = 29 August 2019}}</ref>

[[File:Shri K.H. Muniappa takes over the charge of Minister of State for Road Transport and Highways in New Delhi on May 24, 2004.jpg|200px|center]]

He was Minister of state in Government of India from 22 May 2004 to 28 October 2012.

Muniyappa was the [[Union Minister]] of state for Minister of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ministers of State (as on 15.11.2010)|url=http://cabsec.nic.in/council_ministers_of_state.php|publisher=Government of India|access-date=11 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110213034603/http://cabsec.nic.in/council_ministers_of_state.php|archive-date=13 February 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was administered the oath of office along with 59 other ministers on 28 May 2009 by [[President of India]] [[Pratibha Patil]].

His son in law Sashidhar JE was made a secretary 2 of Vidhana Soudha, when the post was already running and the Speaker has sought a clarification after a protest by BJP.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-22 |title=Karnataka Assembly's 'Secretary 2' post for minister's son-in-law sparks row |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/karnataka-assembly-secretary-2-new-post-kh-muniyappa-son-in-law-shashidhar-2570118-2024-07-22 |access-date=2024-07-25 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

==Awards==
* He was awarded an [[Honorary Doctorate]] at the 32nd Annual Convocation of ''[[Gulbarga University]]'' in 2014.

==Elections Contested==
===Lok Sabha===
{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Year
! Constituency
! colspan="2"|Party
! Votes
! %
! Opponent
! colspan="2" |Opponent Party
! Opponent Votes
! %
! Result
! Margin
! %
|-
! [[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
| rowspan="8"|[[Kolar Lok Sabha constituency|Kolar]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=8}}
| 499,144
| 39.66
| [[S. Muniswamy]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 709,165
| 56.35
| {{no2|Lost}}
| -210,021
| -16.69
|-
! [[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
| 418,926
| 37.16
| Kolar Kesava
| {{Party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
| 375,076
| 32.92
| {{yes2|Won}}
| 47,850
| 4.24
|-
! [[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
| 344,771
| 37.17
| rowspan="2"|D. S. Veeraiah
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
| 321,765
| 34.69
| {{yes2|Won}}
| 23,006
| 2.48
|-
! [[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
| 385,582
| 42.40
| 373,947
| 41.12
| {{yes2|Won}}
| 11,635
| 1.28
|-
! [[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
| 321,964
| 39.47
| G Mangamma
| 239,182
| 29.32
| {{yes2|Won}}
| 82,782
| 10.15
|-
! [[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
| 304,261
| 39.62
| rowspan="2"|Balaji Channaiah
| {{Party name with color|Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}
| 226,289
| 29.47
| {{yes2|Won}}
| 77,972
| 10.15
|-
! [[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
| 310,349
| 44.38
| 293,307
| 41.95
| {{yes2|Won}}
| 17,042
| 2.43
|-
! [[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
| 235,902
| 40.14
| V Hanumappa
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 173,525
| 29.53
| {{yes2|Won}}
| 62,377
| 10.61
|-
|}

===Karnataka Legislative Assembly===
{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Year
! Constituency
! colspan="2"|Party
! Votes
! %
! Opponent
! colspan="2" |Opponent Party
! Opponent Votes
! %
! Result
! Margin
! %
|-
! [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| [[Devanahalli Assembly constituency|Devanahalli]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| 73,058
| 39.66
| L. N. Nisarga Narayanaswamy
| {{Party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
| 68,427
| 37.90
| {{yes2|Won}}
| 4,631
| 2.56
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20190605050454/http://www.khmuniyappa.org/ Official Website: Shri K.H. Muniyappa], www.khmuniyappa.org

{{Cabinet of Manmohan Singh}}
{{15th LS members from Karnataka}}
{{16th LS members from Karnataka}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Muniyappa, K. H.}}
[[Category:1948 births]]
[[Category:People from Kolar]]
[[Category:Union ministers of state of India]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:India MPs 1991–1996]]
[[Category:India MPs 1996–1997]]
[[Category:India MPs 1998–1999]]
[[Category:India MPs 1999–2004]]
[[Category:India MPs 2004–2009]]
[[Category:India MPs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Karnataka]]
[[Category:India MPs 2014–2019]]

Meghna Malik

2026-03-13T20:19:44Z

Srcsdoon: further updated article for consistency and fixed typos to improve readability

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Meghna Malik
| image = Meghna malik.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Sonipat]], [[Haryana]], India
| occupation = Film, television and theatre actor
| yearsactive = 1998–present
| spouse = Riju Bajaj
| alma_mater = [[National School of Drama]]
| parents =
| relatives = [[Ram Gopal Bajaj]] (father-in-law)
| homepage = {{URL|meghnamalik.com}}
}}

'''Meghna Malik''' is an Indian actress who appears in [[Hindi]] television and films. She is popularly known as the high-handed Ammaji of [[Colors TV]]'s popular show ''[[Na Aana Is Des Laado]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Suri |first1=Rishabh |title=Na Aana Iss Des Laado actor Meghna Malik on young female actors ageing on screen: 'Step out the day it gets boring' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/na-aana-iss-des-laado-actor-meghna-malik-on-young-female-actors-ageing-on-screen-step-out-the-day-it-gets-boring/story-RQbaIbyq3pzdf2T89cUqsJ.html |access-date=3 March 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=15 September 2019 |language=en}}</ref> The show dealt with the issue of [[female infanticide]] and other atrocities against women.<ref name="TOI">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/I-am-not-a-feminist-Meghna-Malik/etarticleshow/15822668.cms?referral=PM|title=I am not a feminist: Meghna Malik|date=28 August 2012|author=Neha Maheshwari|work=The Times of India|accessdate=22 June 2019}}</ref>

In 2013, Malik became a contestant on ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa]]''. In 2016, she appeared in [[Star Plus]]'s show ''[[Dahleez (2016 TV series)|Dahleez]]''. In 2017, she reprised her role as Ammaji from ''Na Aana Is Des Laado'' in its sequel ''[[Laado 2 (TV series)|Laado 2 – Veerpur Ki Mardani]]'', although she quit the show in early 2018.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Trivedi |first1=Tanvi |title=Meghna: 'Laado 2's going off air is almost like the sinking of the Titanic |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/meghna-laado-2s-going-off-air-is-almost-like-the-sinking-of-the-titanic/articleshow/64190581.cms?from=mdr |access-date=23 January 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=21 May 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

==Early life and family==
Malik was born and brought up in [[Sonipat]] in a [[Jat people|Jat]] family. Her mother Kamlesh Malik is a retired college principal, while her father Raghuvir Singh Malik (d. 2020) was an English professor. Her younger sister Mimansha is a senior anchor and producer with [[Zee News]].<ref name="au">{{cite news|title=Actress Meghna Malik and sister Mimansha shoulder father's bier and the two brothers-in-law offer the confession|url=https://www.amarujala.com/haryana/sonipat/actress-meghna-malik-and-sister-mimansha-shoulder-the-father-s-bier-and-the-two-brothers-in-law-offer-the-confession-sonipat-news-rtk540539446|date=4 February 2020|newspaper=[[Amar Ujala]]+access-date=2 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Arora |first1=Naini |title=Delhi keeps calling me back, says actor Meghna Malik |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/delhi-keeps-calling-me-back-says-actor-meghna-malik/story-yAhpxvBuu5DDl2c8pa9oaK.html |accessdate=22 June 2019 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=6 October 2016 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="TH"/> She completed her master's degree in English after which she moved to Delhi, where she did an acting course from the [[National School of Drama]], graduating in 1997.<ref name="TH">{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/meghna-malik-has-a-compulsive-disorder/story-SYFUlLDoDaS88B3TOa20gL.html|title=Meghna Malik has a compulsive disorder|date=14 January 2011|work=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=25 July 2019}}</ref> She is a [[Mumbai]] resident from 2000.<ref name="TOI"/>

She married film actor Riju Bajaj, the son of theatre director [[Ram Gopal Bajaj]] and maternal grandson of music director [[Khemchand Prakash]], in 2000. Her sister, Mimansa Malik, is a television news anchor and journalist.<ref name="au"/>

==Career==
Malik played the leading role of Ammaji in television series ''[[Na Aana Is Des Laado]]'' (2009–2012).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/idiotbox/i-was-frightened-to-play-ammaji-says-meghna-malik_47013.html|title=I was frightened to play 'Ammaji', says Meghna Malik|date=22 November 2009|work=Zee News|language=en|access-date=25 July 2019}}</ref> She also had supporting roles in several movies, including [[Chalte Chalte (2003 film)|''Chalte Chalte'']], ''[[Kuch Naa Kaho]]'', and ''[[Taare Zameen Par]]''.

In 2017, she was signed up to reprise her role as Ammaji in [[Laado 2 (TV series)|''Laado 2'']]. She quits the show in 2018, while the show went off air the same year.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/though-i-signed-up-to-play-amma-ji-of-laado-i-never-felt-i-was-shooting-for-the-part-meghna-malik/articleshow/64163783.cms|title=Though I signed up to play amma ji of Laado, I never felt I was shooting for the part: Meghna Malika|work=The Times of India|access-date=24 July 2018}}</ref>

==Filmography==

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Show
!Role
!Notes
|-
|2006
|''Woh Hue Na Hamare''
|''Bua Ji''
|''Negative role''
|-
| rowspan="2" |2001
|''[[Yeh Hai Mumbai Meri Jaan (TV series)|Yeh Hai Mumbai Meri Jaan]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Astitva...Ek Prem Kahani]]''
|
|
|-
|2002
|''[[Sanjivani (2002 TV series)|Sanjivani]]''
|Nalini- A patient
|
|-
|2007–2008
|''[[Har Ghar Kuch Kehta Hai]]''
|Suvarna Thakral
|
|-
|2008
|''[[Radhaa Ki Betiyaan Kuch Kar Dikhayengi]]''
|Revati
|
|-
|2009–2012
|''[[Na Aana Is Des Laado]]''
|Bhagwani Devi / Ammaji Sangwan
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Meghna Malik: Ammaji was beyond age and gender |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/meghna-malik-ammaji-was-beyond-age-and-gender-612255 |access-date=15 August 2023 |work=NDTV |agency=IANS |date=10 June 2013}}</ref>
|-
|
|''[[Kitchen Champion]]''
|Ammaji / Herself
|Winner<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/idiotbox/ammaji-wins-kitchen-champion_65642.html|title=Ammaji wins 'Kitchen Champion'|date=9 July 2010|website=Zee News|language=en|access-date=25 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
|2013
|''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 6|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 6]]''
|Contestant
|With choreographer Savio Barnes<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/meghna-malik-takes-to-dancing/story-QfzpjAf2dbmGG4CjU7Y3BP.html|title=Meghna Malik takes to dancing|date=9 May 2013|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=25 July 2019}}</ref>
Eliminated on 22 June 2013<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-6-meghna-malik-gets-eliminated/|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 6: Meghna Malik gets eliminated|date=23 June 2013|website=Bollywood Life|language=en-EN|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=25 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhopatkar |first=Tejashree |date= 22 June 2013 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Meghna-Malik-Ammaji-out-of-Jhalak/articleshow/20714228.cms |title=Meghna Malik (Ammaji) out of Jhalak |work=The Times of India |access-date=25 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
|2013–2014
|''[[Gustakh Dil]]''
|Barkha
|
|-
|2016
|''[[Dahleez (2016 TV series)|Dahleez]]''
|Advocate Suhasini Sinha
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/meghna-malik-wants-to-brings-alive-the-complexity-of-a-woman-on-screen/article8370849.ece|title=Crossing the barrier|last=Mittal|first=Vidhi|date=18 March 2016|work=The Hindu|access-date=25 July 2019|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
|2017
|''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 11|Bigg Boss 11]]''
|Guest
|Guest for the promotion of ''[[Laado 2 (TV series)|Laado 2 – Veerpur Ki Mardani]]''
|-
|2017–2018
|''[[Laado 2 (TV series)|Laado 2 – Veerpur Ki Mardani]]''
|Bhagwani Devi / Ammaji Sangwan
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/meghna-malik-tv-is-not-a-medium-for-reforms/story-lruknVkrw0Sm6TUeGqDiTN.html|title=Meghna Malik: TV is not a medium for reforms|date=25 October 2017|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=25 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/ammaji-in-laado-2-will-be-intense-but-more-colourful-meghna-malik-4920911/|title=Ammaji in Laado 2 will be intense but more colourful: Meghna Malik|date=3 November 2017|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=25 July 2019}}</ref>
|}

===Films===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Film
!Role
!Language
!Notes
|-
| rowspan="3" |2003
|''[[Chalte Chalte (2003 film)|Chalte Chalte]]''
|Farah
|Hindi
|
|-
|''[[Pinjar (film)|Pinjar]]''
|
|Hindi
|
|-
|''[[Kuch Na Kaho]]''
|Nikki
|Hindi
|
|-
|2004
|''[[Vaastu Shastra (film)|Vaastu Shastra]]''
|
|Hindi
|
|-
|2006
|[|''[[Yun Hota Toh Kya Hota]]''
|Kalpa
|Hindi
|
|-
|2007
|''[[Taare Zameen Par]]''
|Maths Teacher
|Hindi
|
|-
|2016
|''[[Zubaan]]''
|Mandira Sikand
|Hindi, Punjabi
|
|-
|2018
|''Moksha to Maya''
|Police Officer
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/bhojpuri/babumoshai-bandukbaaz-fame-bidita-bag-to-be-seen-in-moksh-to-maaya-2097112.html|title='Babumoshai Bandukbaaz' fame Bidita Bag to be seen in 'Moksh To Maaya'|date=6 April 2018|website=Zee News|language=en|access-date=25 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2019
|''Sehar''
|
|Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lucknow/i-love-adding-little-quirks-to-the-character-i-am-playing-meghna-malik/story-05tZhcBaill4CBoDpzts8M.html|title=I love adding little quirks to the character I am playing: Meghna Malik|date=10 April 2019|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=25 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lucknow/we-are-trying-our-best-to-bring-good-cinema-to-theatres/story-owxN2U4MkghwDZgJgTsVAP.html|title=We are trying our best to bring good cinema to theatres|date=4 July 2019|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=25 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas]]''
| Ratna Narang
|Hindi
|
|-
|2020
|''[[Angrezi Medium]]''
|Principal
|Hindi
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2021
|''[[Saina (film)|Saina]]''
|Usha Rani Nehwal
|Hindi
|
|-
|''[[Pagglait]]''
|Tulika
|Hindi
|Netflix
|-
|2022
|''[[Anek]]''
|Reporter
|Hindi
|Netflix
|-
| rowspan="2" |2023
|''[[Selfiee]]''
| Corporator Vimla Tiwari
|Hindi
|
|-
|''[[Tumse Na Ho Payega (2023 film)|Tumse Na Ho Payega]]''
|Anu
|Hindi
|Hotstar
|-
|2024
|''[[Tera Kya Hoga Lovely]]''
|
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
|
|-
|2025
|''[[Heer Express]]''
|Sunita
|
|}

===Web series===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! Year
! Name
! Role
! Notes
|-
|2020 / 2024
|''[[Bandish Bandits]]''
|Avantika (Mother of Tamanna)
|Season 1 & 2
|-
|2022-2024
|''[[Mirzapur (TV series)|Mirzapur]]''
|Shakuntala Shukla
|Season 2-Season 3
|-
|2021
|''[[Aranyak (TV series)|Aranyak]]''
|Jagdamba Dhumal
|Netflix
|-
|2025
|''[[Rangeen]]''
|Renu
|[[Prime Video]]
|-
|2026
|''[[Sankalp (TV series)|Sankalp]]''
|Suhasini
|[[MX Player]]
|}

==Awards==
* 2010: [[Gold Awards]] - ''Best Actress in Negative Role (Female)'' - [[Na Aana Is Des Laado]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://goldawards.weebly.com/2010.html |title=Winners List: 3rd Boroplus Gold Awards, 2010}}</ref>
*2022 : [[67th Filmfare Awards]] – Best Supporting Actress [[Saina (film)|Saina]] (Nominated)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|1386135}}

{{Navboxes
| title = Awards for Meghna Malik
| list =
{{Indian Telly Award Best Negative Actress}}
{{Indian Television Academy Award Best Negative Actress}}
{{Indian Television Academy Award Best Supporting Actress}}
}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Malik, Meghna K.}}
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Haryana]]
[[Category:National School of Drama alumni]]
[[Category:People from Sonipat]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Montang Valley

2026-03-13T06:45:45Z

Srcsdoon: created new post w/ refs

{{short description|Tourist Place in Tripura}}
{{use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Montang Valley
| elevation_m =
| map = India Tripura#India2
| map_caption = Location of in [[Tripura]]
| location = [[Teliamura]], [[Khowai district]], [[Tripura]]
| range = [[Atharamura|Atharamura Hills]]
| label_position = left
| coordinates = {{coord|23|49|N|91|49|E|type:mountain_region:IN_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| range_coordinates =
}}
'''Montang Valley'''<ref>{{cite news |title=chaos erupts in montang valley in tripura locals oppose forest departments jfm plan |url=https://enewstime.in/enews/chaos-erupts-in-montang-valley-in-tripura-locals-oppose-forest-departments-jfm-plan-24041.html |work=enewstime.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Tripura's Montang Valley reels under tension over land issue |url=https://tripuratimes.com/ttimes/tripura%E2%80%99s-montang-valley-reels-under-tension-over-land-issue-13672.html |work=tripuratimes.com |language=en}}</ref> also known as '''Mountain of Peace'''<ref name="DF">{{cite news |title=Montang or the mountain of peace in Tripura calls people to her lap |url=https://firstdespatch.com/fda/montang-or-the-mountain-of-peace-in-tripura-calls-people-to-her-lap-prasenjit-debnath-25.html |work=firstdespatch.com |ref=FD}}</ref> is a village and tourist attraction in the [[Atharamura]] Hills under [[Teliamura]] sub-division in the [[Khowai district]] of the Indian state of [[Tripura]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Shenoy |first1=Sanjana |title=Seeking A North East Hidden Gem In 2023? Head To Montang In Tripura! |url=https://curlytales.com/seeking-a-north-east-hidden-gem-in-2023-head-to-montang-in-tripura/ |website=Curly Tales |access-date=28 February 2024 |date=3 January 2023}}</ref> It is located around 80 kilometres (50 mi) from the capital city [[Agartala]], 30 kilometres (19 mi) from [[National Highway 8 (India)]] near Teliamura and is known for its floating clouds and scenic beauty.<ref>{{cite web |title=How Montang valley Become Tourist Attractive Place |url=https://brueducationgyan.in/montang-valley-become-tourist-attractive-place/ |date=4 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Agnihotri |first1=Akanksha |title=Montang is emerging as a new tourist destination on Tripura's tourism map |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/travel/montang-is-emerging-as-a-new-tourist-destination-on-tripura-s-tourism-map-101672657427536.html |access-date=28 February 2024 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=2 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
In 2016, the valley was explored by a journalist and filmmaker turned politician Kamal Kalai. He devised innovative plans to tap into the tourism potential of the area.<ref>{{cite news |title=Montang, the place of endless beauty.... |url=https://www.tripuratimes.com/ttimes/montang-the-place-of-endless-beauty%E2%80%A6-4018.html |work=www.tripuratimes.com |language=en}}</ref>

In 2021, Kalai became and Executive Member of [[TTAADC]]. With a strategic approach, he successfully secured funds from the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) to facilitate the construction of connecting roads from National Highway 8 to Montang and built a 'Tong ghar' there(a traditional tribal house).<ref>{{cite news |title=Unexplored Montang new destination for tourists in Tripura |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agartala/unexplored-montang-new-destination-for-tourists-in-tripura/articleshow/96672301.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=2 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Montang, an unexplored paradise ready to attract visitors in Tripura |url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/tripura/story/montang-unexplored-paradise-ready-attract-visitors-tripura-491553-2023-01-01 |work=India Today NE |date=1 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Tripura: Montang's 'Mountain of Peace' soon becoming a hot spot for back packers |url=https://assamtribune.com/north-east/tripura-montangs-mountain-of-peace-soon-becoming-a-hot-spot-for-back-packers-1455528 |work=assamtribune.com |date=3 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Following Kalai's sharing of images of the location on social media, they quickly went viral.<ref>{{cite news |title=Unexplored Montang rising on Tripura's tourism map |url=https://www.eastmojo.com/tripura/2023/01/01/unexplored-montang-rising-on-tripuras-tourism-map/ |work=EastMojo |date=1 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Unexplored Montang rising on Tripura's tourism map |url=https://old.ptinews.com/news/national/unexplored-montang-rising-on-tripura%E2%80%99s-tourism-map/486673.html |work=PTI News}}</ref> Subsequently, the place experienced an unexpected surge in popularity, transforming into a bustling tourist attraction and emerging as a new destination for tourists and nature enthusiasts.<ref>{{cite news |title=Unexplored Montang Rising Is Slowly On Tripura's Tourism Map |url=https://www.news18.com/news/lifestyle/unexplored-montang-rising-is-slowly-on-tripuras-tourism-map-6763039.html |work=News18 |date=5 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=त्रिपुरा का नया टूरिस्ट स्पॉट बनकर उभर रहा 'मोंतांग', दूर-दूर से देखने आ रहे लोग |url=https://www.abplive.com/lifestyle/health/tripura-beautiful-tourist-places-montang-emerging-as-new-tourist-destination-2297926 |work=www.abplive.com |date=2 January 2023 |language=hi}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Tripura-geo-stub}}

[[Category:Tourism in Tripura]]
[[Category:Khowai district]]
[[Category:Hills of Tripura]]
[[Category:Mountains of Tripura]]

Dalbir Singh Lohar

2026-03-04T21:39:14Z

Srcsdoon: Added a biography with sources - done

{{Short description|Indian freedom fighter}}
{{LLM|date=March 2026}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}

'''Dalbir Singh Lohar''' was an Indian freedom fighter and political leader from Assam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amrit mahotsav |url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?6588}}</ref> He played a significant role in the Indian independence movement and holds the distinction of being the first [[Gorkha people|Gorkha]] to win an assembly election in independent India.

== Early life and involvement in freedom struggle ==
Dalbir Singh Lohar actively participated in the Indian freedom struggle under the guidance of the Indian National Congress. He was deeply inspired by Mahatma Gandhi's philosophy of non-violence and truth. During Gandhi's visit to Assam in 1921, Lohar joined the Congress-led procession in Dibrugarh and became involved in the Satyagraha movement initiated by Gandhi.

In 1941, during the third phase of the Satyagraha campaign, he was expelled from Assam due to his active involvement in the struggle.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dalvir Singh Lohar |date=18 January 2019 |url=https://thedarjeelingchronicle.com/dalbir-singh-lohar/}}</ref>

== Role as a labor leader ==
After India's independence, Dalbir Singh Lohar emerged as a popular labour leader. He closely worked with the Assam Provincial Congress and the Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC). From 1964 to 1968, he served as the central president of the Assam Chah Mazdoor Sangha (Assam Tea Workers Union).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Daljitsingh Lohar |url=https://thedarjeelingchronicle.com/dalbir-singh-lohar/}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Lohar's political career began after India gained independence. He became the first Gorkha to win an assembly election in independent India, representing the interests of the working class and the Gorkha community in Assam.

== Legacy ==
Dalbir Singh Lohar's contributions to the freedom struggle and labour rights movement have been widely recognised. The Assam government has instituted the "Freedom Fighter Dalbir Singh Lohar Excellence Award" in his honour.

On the occasion of his 53rd death anniversary, a special program was presented by Doordarshan Kendra (DDK) Dibrugarh to commemorate his life and legacy.

== See also ==
[[Indian independence movement|Indian Independence Movement]]

[[Gorkha Community in India]]

Assam Tea Workers Movement

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Indian independence activists from Assam]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]

Hou De Jarasa Ushir

2026-03-04T09:47:54Z

Srcsdoon: further refined details after review additionally and updated info

{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Hou De Jarasa Ushir
| image = Marathi_Movie,_Hou_De_Jarasa_Ushir_Movie_Poster.jpg
| alt = 
| caption = Movie poster
| director = Wasim Maner
| producer = Tahir Maner
| distributor = Abhijit Gholap
| writer = Wasim Maner
| screenplay = Wasim Maner, Rahul Ovhal
| starring = [[Sadashiv Amrapurkar]] Aishwarya Narkar Sharvari Jamenis [[Chinmay Mandlekar]] Raj Ranaware
| music = Nakul Jogdeo
| cinematography = Wasim Maner, Meethil Momaya
| editing = Prashant Pandav
| studio = Biroba Films
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2012|11|23|United States|2013|01|18|India}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Hou De Jarasa Ushir''''' ({{langx|mr|होऊ दे जरासा उशीर|italic=yes}}, ''Let There Be A Little Delay'') is an Indian [[Marathi language|Marathi]] film directed by Wasim Maner, Produced by Tahir Maner under Biroba Films and distributed by Abhijit Gholap of Devisha Films]. ''Hou De Jarasa Ushir'' is the first Marathi film to be selected among top 282 films for a nomination in Best Film Category for [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Oscars]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_skyfall-faces-marathi-challenge-at-oscars_1778339 |title=SkyFall faces Marathi Challenge |publisher=DNA |accessdate=17 December 2012}}</ref> The film's screenplay has already been preserved by [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] library for research purposes.

== Cast ==

* [[Sadashiv Amrapurkar]] as Fakir Baba
* Aishwarya Narkar as Rukmini Pawar
* Sharvari Jamenis as Sunaina Pandit
* [[Chinmay Mandlekar]] as Sarjerao Patil
* Aditi Sarangdhar as Monali Mohite
* Jayawant Wadkar as Marutrao Mohite
* Raj Ranaware as Malhar Gaikwad
* Abhyangh Kuvalekar as Shantanu Jahagirdar
* Anil Nagarkar as Shabbir Tamboli
* Priya Shinde as Swapna
* Vishwas Sakat as Bhavadya
* Akshay Waghmare as Mohanya
* Rajesh More as Dattu Pawar
* Manoj Narule as Sunil Pawar
* Sanyogita Bhave as Sneha Gosavi
* Mahesh Ghag as Shankar

== Plot ==

Hou De Jarasa Ushir (Let There Be A Little Delay) is the story of three people working at a software company. Every morning, they travel to work together in the same cab. HDJU paints a single day in their life where the journey from their homes to the office makes them to look at the world quite differently.

== Release ==

''Hou De Jarasa Ushir'' is released on 18 January 2013 all over Maharashtra.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_oscars-calling-india_1781890 |title=Oscars Calling India |publisher=DNA |accessdate=26 December 2012}}</ref> It was released in [[California]] [[United States]] on 23 November 2012.

== Music ==

Music of ''Hou De Jarasa Ushir'' is composed by Nakul Shirish Jogdeo and lyrics are written by Rahul Gautam Ovhal.
{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| title1 = Piraticha-Tujhya Majhya Piraticha
| note1 = A bubbly romantic farmer-song
| extra1 = Chandan Kamble, Sonia Mundhe
| length1 = 02:48
| title2 = Kashas Ghai
| note2 = A light romantic song
| length2 = 03:33
| extra2 = [[Hamsika Iyer]], Gandhar Sangoram
| title3 = Bolawanarya Akashache
| note3 = A soft rock song
| extra3 = Mandar Phatak
| length3 = 04:03
| title4 = Dhampak Dhampak
| length4 = 03:29
| note4 = A rap song
| extra4 = [[Sadashiv Amrapurkar|Sadashiv Amarapurkar]]
| title5 = Vithoo Aai
| note5 = A bhajan
| length5 = 04:25
| extra5 = Rucha Bondre
| title6 = Lagnala Jayacha
| note6 = A comedy ‘band-baja’ song
| length6 = 03:00
| extra6 = Raj Ranaware, Vishas Sakat
| title7 = Hou De Jarasa Ushir
| note7 = A Sufi song
| length7 = 07:14
| extra7 = Anand Shinde
}}

<ref>{{cite web |url=http://houdejarasaushir.biroba.com/ |title=Hou De Jarasa Ushir Movie Details |publisher=biroba.com |accessdate=16 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-18/news-interviews/35869501_1_marathi-film-abhijeet-gholap-oscars |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629122152/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-18/news-interviews/35869501_1_marathi-film-abhijeet-gholap-oscars |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 June 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Hou De jarasa Ushir Oscars race |accessdate=16 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.alllightsfilmmagazine.com/filmosphere/movies-more/news/471-hou-de-jarasa-ushir-competes-for-oscar-2013 |title=Oscar Calling India |publisher=All Lights Magazine |accessdate=16 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130628102301/http://www.alllightsfilmmagazine.com/filmosphere/movies-more/news/471-hou-de-jarasa-ushir-competes-for-oscar-2013 |archivedate=28 June 2013 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gomolo.com/hou-de-jarasa-ushir-movie/44867 |title=Hou De Jarasa Ushir |publisher=Gomolo |accessdate=16 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-24/news-interviews/35992108_1_marathi-film-abhijeet-gholap-movies |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629122401/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-24/news-interviews/35992108_1_marathi-film-abhijeet-gholap-movies |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 June 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Hou De Jarasa Ushir races ahead |accessdate=16 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gunjaravstudio.com |title=Gunjarao Studio}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|2575896|Hou De Jarasa Ushir}}

[[Category:2012 films]]
[[Category:2012 Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:2012 Indian films]]

Guha (film)

2026-03-03T20:58:47Z

Srcsdoon: further adjusted lead for consistency and fixed typos

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Guha
| image = Guha (film).jpg
| caption = Promotional Poster
| director = M. R. Jose
| producer = P. H. Rasheed
| writer = M. R. Jose
| screenplay = M. R. Jose
| starring = [[Shankar Panicker|Shankar]] [[Ambika (actress)|Ambika]] [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] Mini Mancheri Chandran
| music = [[Shankar–Ganesh]]
| cinematography = T. N. Krishnankutty Nair
| editing = B. S. Mani
| studio = Roshni Arts
| distributor = Roshni Arts
| released = {{Film date|1981|11|27|df=y}}
| country = [[India]]
| language = Malayalam
}}

'''''Guha''''' is a 1981 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language film, directed by M. R. Jose and produced by P. H. Rasheed. The film stars [[Shankar Panicker|Shankar]], [[Ambika (actress)|Ambika]], [[Jagathy Sreekumar]], Mini and Mancheri Chandran. The film has musical score by [[Shankar–Ganesh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=1239|title=Guha|accessdate=7 October 2014|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?3108|title=Guha|accessdate=7 October 2014|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://spicyonion.com/title/guha-malayalam-movie/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011134355/http://spicyonion.com/title/guha-malayalam-movie/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=11 October 2014|title=Guha|accessdate=7 October 2014|publisher=spicyonion.com}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Shankar Panicker|Shankar]] as Das
*[[Ambika (actress)|Ambika]] as Devu
*[[Vincent (actor)|Vincent]] as Dr. Prasad
*[[Jagathy Sreekumar]]
*Mini as Anitha
*Mancheri Chandran
*[[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]] as Suvarna
*[[Vijayan (actor)|Vijayan]] as Prabhu
*[[Bahadoor]] as Chandrasekhara Kaimal
*K. S. N. Raj
*Pournami
*Sairabhanu
*[[Vanitha Krishnachandran]] as Kamala
{{colend}}

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Shankar–Ganesh]] and the lyrics were written by [[Mankombu Gopalakrishnan]].
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)
|-
| 1 || "Swapnam Pootha Nenchil" || [[K. J. Yesudas]] || [[Mankombu Gopalakrishnan]] ||
|-
| 2 || "Thodu Thodu" || [[Vani Jairam]] || Mankombu Gopalakrishnan ||
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0343751|Guha}}

[[Category:1981 films]]
[[Category:1981 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Shankar–Ganesh]]

{{1980s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Kanchana Ganga (1984 film)

2026-03-03T19:07:39Z

Srcsdoon: New New Post.

{{For|the 2004 film|Kanchana Ganga (2004 film)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=June 2019}}
{{Original research|date=June 2019}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kanchana Ganga
| image = Kanchana Ganga.jpg

| caption =
| director = [[V. Madhusudhana Rao]]
| producer = [[Ramoji Rao]]
| writer = Yaddanapudi Sulochana Rani (Story) [[D. V. Narasa Raju]] (Dialogues)
| narrator =
| starring = [[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandra Mohan]] [[Sarath Babu]] [[Saritha]] [[Swapna (actress)|Swapna]] [[Prathap Pothen]]
| music = [[K. Chakravarthy]]
| cinematography = [[S. Gopal Reddy]]
| editing = [[B. Venkata Ratnam]]
| studio = [[Ushakiran Movies]]
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1984}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
}}

'''''Kanchana Ganga''''' is a 1984 [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[romantic drama film]] directed by [[V. Madhusudhana Rao]] and produced by [[Ramoji Rao]] under [[Ushakiran Movies]]. The film stars [[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandra Mohan]], [[Sarath Babu]], [[Saritha]], [[Swapna (actress)|Swapna]] and [[Pratap Pothen]]. The film is based on a novel by [[Yaddanapudi Sulochana Rani]].

==Plot==
Kanchana and Ganga are friends. Kanchana wants to become a lawyer. Ganga always dreams of wealth. Kanchana is in love with Prabhakar. Kanchana discovers that Jayasimha is a murderer and sentenced to jail for two years. She starts hating Jayasimha. Ganga goes to Kanchana's home leaving her parents as they are trying to marry her off to a person who was already married. Kanchana's paternal uncle, Prabhakar's father and aunt Annapurnamma accept Prabhakar and Kanchana's marriage. Annapurnamma calls Kanchana to introduce him to her relatives. Kanchana and Ganga visit her home. There, Annapurnamma shows off her jewellery to Kanchana and Ganga and also tells them about other property details.

Knowing Prabhakar's property details, Ganga wants to marry him. She molests him and tells him that she loves him. She asks him to kiss her once and tells him she will go away. Prabhakar does so and Jayasimha sees them. He tells the same to Kanchana and her paternal uncle who do not believe him. Prabhakar visits Kanchana's home where they start moving closely. Kanchana returns home and sees them. Prabhakar silently leaves for his home. Ganga tells Kanchana that Prabhakar actually loved her and goes away.

Ganga calls Prabhakar and tells that Kanchana asked her to leave and she is going to the railway station. Prabhakar stops her and they go to a hotel. Where in they make love, marry the next day and go to Prabhakar's home. Prabhakar's father and aunt scold them as they understood that Ganga married Prabhakar only to become rich. Prabhakar's father tells her that his cousin Annapurnamma is the owner of all the properties and asks them to leave.

Hearing the news of Prabhakar and Ganga's marriage, Kanchana's paternal uncle dies and Kanchana moves to a hostel. Prabhakar meets Mohan who was senior to him. Meanwhile Mohan sets his eyes on Ganga and gives Prabhakar a job and a house. Kanchana goes to Mohan's office for interview. Prabhakar tells her that he will recommend her for the job, but she leaves. Mohan sends Prabhakar to his branches in northern India to look into the accounts of his business and often visits Ganga in his absence and tries to molest her. Though reluctant at first, Ganga later makes love with Mohan.

Jayasimha becomes an auto-rickshaw driver and tries to help Kanchana, but she rejects his help. When she is teased by rowdies, Jayasimha fights them and saves her. Jayasimha and the rowdies get arrested by police. Kanchana bails him out and they go to his home. She does first aid to him and stays there for the night. Meanwhile her hostel warden denies her entry as she styed overnight at an unknown man's house. Helpless, Kanchana goes to Jayasimha's house. He sells his auto-rickshaw and buys a taxi. Kanchana studies law with Jayasimha's help. She asks him to marry her, they marry and she becomes a lawyer. Jayasimha tells Kanchana that he is a post graduate and gold medalist and was falsely accused of murder.

Mohan brings a man to Ganga and asks her to make love to him, which she rejects. Mohan tries to rape her and she kills him. Kanchana saves Ganga and all are united.

==Cast==
* [[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandra Mohan]] as Prabhakar
* [[Sarath Babu]] as Jayasimha
* [[Saritha]] as Kanchana
* [[Swapna (actress)|Swapna]] as Ganga
* [[Pratap Pothen]] as Mohan
* [[J. V. Ramana Murthy]] as Kanchana's paternal uncle
* [[Annapoorna (actress)|Annapoorna]] as Annapurnamma
* [[Suthi Velu]] as K. Daivadheenam
* Krishnaveni as Jagadeeshwari "Jaggu"
* [[Suthi Veerabhadra Rao]] as Jagadeeshwari's father
* [[K. Chakravarthy|Chakravarthy]] as S. Velu (cameo)
* [[Raavi Kondala Rao]] as Police Inspector (cameo)

==Soundtrack==
* "Nee Tiyyani Pedavulu Andakapote Nidara Raadamma" (Lyrics: [[C. Narayana Reddy]]; Singer: [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]; Featuring [[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandra Mohan]] and [[Swapna (actress)|Swapna]])
* "Vanita Lata Kavita" (title background song by S.P.Balasubramanyam)
* "Oho Srimati Kanchana"(Singers:[[S. P. Sailaja ]]; Featuring [[Saritha]])
* "O Priyatama Naa Gaganama" (Singers: S. P. Balasubramanyam and [[S. Janaki]]; Featuring Chandra Mohan and [[Saritha]])
* "Brindavani Undi Yamuna Nadi Undi" (Lyrics: [[Veturi]]; Singer: S. P. Balasubramanyam; Featuring [[Sarath Babu]])

==Awards==
;[[Nandi Awards]] - 1984<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964–2008)|trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964–2008)|publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]]|access-date=21 August 2020}}(in [[Telugu language|Telugu]])</ref>
* [[Nandi Award for Best Feature Film|Second Best Feature Film - Silver]] - [[Ramoji Rao]]
* [[Nandi Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]] - [[Veturi]] "Brindavani Undi"
* [[Nandi Award for Best Story Writer|Second Best Story Writer]] - [[Yaddanapudi Sulochana Rani]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|1380135}}

[[Category:1984 films]]
[[Category:1984 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films about women in India]]
[[Category:Indian feminist films]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]
[[Category:Films directed by V. Madhusudhana Rao]]
[[Category:Films scored by K. Chakravarthy]]
[[Category:Films based on novels by Yaddanapudi Sulochana Rani]]
[[Category:1980s feminist films]]
[[Category:1984 romantic drama films]]

Naa Rakumarudu

2026-03-03T17:50:01Z

Srcsdoon: created first biography added tags

{{Short description|Telugu film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Naa Rakumarudu
| image = Naa Rakumarudu.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name = 
| director = T Satya
| writer =
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = P Vajrang
| starring = [[Naveen Chandra]] [[Ritu Varma]]
| narrator =
| cinematography = Kumara Swamy
| editing =
| music = [[Achu Rajamani]]
| studio = Harivillu Creations
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2014|2|21}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Naa Rakumarudu''''' ({{Translation|My prince}}) is a 2014 Indian Telugu-language [[romantic drama film]] directed by T Satya (former assistant of [[Puri Jagannadh]]) and starring [[Naveen Chandra]] and [[Ritu Varma]].

== Cast ==
* [[Naveen Chandra]] as Vaishnav
* [[Ritu Varma]] as Bindu
* [[M. S. Narayana]] as College professor
* [[Sithara (actress)|Sithara]] as Bindu's mother
* [[Krishna Bhagavaan]] as Dharmendra
* [[Kondavalasa Lakshmana Rao|Kondavalasa]] as Patient
* [[Gundu Sudarshan]] as Wedding guest

== Production ==
This is the first film that [[Ritu Varma]] shot for.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/ritu-varma-in-m-s-rajus-next/articleshow/32150644.cms|title=Ritu Varma in M S Raju's next|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=15 January 2017|access-date=14 September 2024}}</ref> To prepare for his role in the film, [[Naveen Chandra]] trimmed his beard that he grew for ''[[Dalam]]'' (2013) and worked out.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/naveens-multiple-onscreen-avatars/articleshow/21244451.cms|title=Naveen's multiple onscreen avatars|date=22 July 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=14 September 2024}}</ref> As of July 2014, the film's shooting has been completed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/naveen-chandra-signs-up-naa-rakumarudu/articleshow/21140989.cms|title=Naveen Chandra signs up Naa Rakumarudu|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=21 July 2014|access-date=4 July 2023|archive-date=4 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704072622/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/naveen-chandra-signs-up-naa-rakumarudu/articleshow/21140989.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The soundtrack was composed by [[Achu Rajamani]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Naa Rakumarudu (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/naa-rakumarudu-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1331009740 |website=[[Apple Music]] |date=30 December 2013}}</ref>
{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Thapeshwaram Khaja
| length1 = 3:37
| lyrics1 = Krishna Chinni
| extra1 = [[L. V. Revanth]]
| title2 = Hey Vinaraa
| length2 = 3:25
| lyrics2 = Kedharnath
| extra2 = [[Achu Rajamani]]
| title3 = Endhuko
| length3 = 3:06
| lyrics3 = Balaji
| extra3 = [[Hemachandra (singer)|Hemachandra]], [[Malavika (singer)|Malavika]]
| title4 = Hey Girl
| length4 = 4:07
| lyrics4 = Kedharnath
| extra4 = [[N. C. Karunya|Karunya]], Achu Rajamani, Deepthi Chary
| title5 = Kannullo Mounam
| length5 = 3:58
| lyrics5 = Balaji
| extra5 = Sri Krishna Sai, Srivaani
| title6 = Theeram
| length6 = 5:23
| lyrics6 = Krishna Chinni
| extra6 = Pranavi
| title7 = Inka Endhukee
| length7 = 3:54
| lyrics7 = [[Vanamali]]
| extra7 = Sri Chithra
| total_length = 27:30
}}

==Reception==
A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote that "There’s a bit of comedy but on the whole there’s hardly anything that you will keep looking forward to in the movie. You know how it will end. You won’t be wrong".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/na-rakumarudu/movie-review/30894657.cms|title=NA RAKUMARUDU MOVIE REVIEW|date=21 February 2014|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=4 July 2023|archive-date=26 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226233441/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/na-rakumarudu/movie-review/30894657.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|14521174}}

[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2014 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2014 Indian films]]
[[Category:2014 films]]

Vilayada Vaa

2026-03-03T03:24:45Z

Srcsdoon: starting some data needs work - done

{{Short description|2012 Indian film by Vijay Nantha}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Vilayada Vaa
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name = 
| director = Vijay Nantha
| producer = K. Thripurasundari
| writer = Kamalesh Kumar
| screenplay = Vijay Nantha
| story =
| based_on = 
| starring = Viswanath Balaji [[Divya Padmini]]
| narrator =
| music = Srimurali
| cinematography = K. S. Ramakrishna
| editing = Anil Malnat
| studio = Tripura Sundhari Cine Creations
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2012|2|10}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Vilayada Vaa''''' ({{Translation|Come and play}}) is a 2012 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[sports drama film]] directed by Vijay Nantha. The film stars Viswanath Balaji and [[Divya Padmini]]. This film marks the Tamil debut of the director and music director, Srimurali.<ref name="H">{{Cite web |title=Audio Beat: It's raining songs |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/audio-beat-its-raining-songs/article2621599.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003031159/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/audio-beat-its-raining-songs/article2621599.ece |archive-date=3 October 2023 |access-date=5 January 2020 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Deva is a low class man who enjoys carrom and plays with his friends. He adopts Naveen, who becomes an expert at the game.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 February 2012 |title=விளையாட வா விமர்சனம் |url=http://www.kungumam.co.in/CArticalinnerdetail.aspx?id=590&id1=33&issue=20120227 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003031230/http://www.kungumam.co.in/CArticalinnerdetail.aspx?id=590&id1=33&issue=20120227 |archive-date=3 October 2023 |access-date=1 September 2020 |website=Kungumam |language=Ta}}</ref> The story revolves around Naveen's struggles toward success in the world of carrom.<ref name="H" />

== Cast ==
{{Colbegin}}
*Viswanath Balaji as Naveen
*[[Divya Padmini]] as Divya
*[[Ponvannan]] as Deva
*[[Lakshmy Ramakrishnan]] as Devi
*[[J. Livingston|Livingston]] as Jyothi
*[[Charle]] as Doctor
*[[Mayilsamy]] as Johnny
*[[Aishwarya Rajesh|Aishwarya]] as Anu
*[[Manobala]] as Kothandam
*[[Meera Krishnan]] as Divya's mother
* [[A. C. Murali Mohan]] as Divya's father
*[[Kottachi]]
*[[Ambani Shankar]] as Guna
*[[Kovai Senthil]]
{{Colend}}

== Production ==
Vijay Nantha, who previously directed a film in Telugu, began working on his second film. The producer, K. Tripura Sundhari, called Vijay Natha on producing a film and the former recalls how coincidentally his son, Viswanath Balaji, was chosen to portray the lead role.<ref name="H" /> Balaji is a television actor and makes his film debut through ''Vilayada Vaa''. [[Divya Padmini]] and [[Aishwarya Rajesh]] also star in the film.<ref name="T">{{Cite web |last=K. R. |first=Manigandan |date=27 April 2011 |title=Vilaiyaada Vaa: A film on carrom |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-27/news-interviews/29478560_1_carrom-film-aishwarya |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140208000642/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-27/news-interviews/29478560_1_carrom-film-aishwarya |archive-date=8 February 2014 |access-date=2 September 2020 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The director wanted to shed light on the game of carrom through this film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raghavan |first=Nikhil |date=4 December 2011 |title=Game for carrom? |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/game-for-carrom/article2685304.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029211746/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/game-for-carrom/article2685304.ece |archive-date=29 October 2020 |access-date=26 October 2020 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Themes ==
The director, Vijayanand, stated that "The carrom board is used as a metaphor for life in the film that is about the hero's fight to be a successful player".<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 May 2011 |title=Strike it right |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/strike-it-right/article2000057.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029210329/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/strike-it-right/article2000057.ece |archive-date=29 October 2020 |access-date=26 October 2020 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The songs were composed by Srimurali, who previously worked in Kannada, Malayalam, and Telugu films. The audio was released by [[K. S. Ravikumar]] in 11 November 2011.<ref name="H" />

{|class="wikitable"
! Song title !! Lyricist !! Singers
|-
| "Lali Lali Kadhali" || [[Kabilan (lyricist)|Kabilan]] || [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], Ujaini
|-
| "Vanthenda Vettriku Veeranai" || Kabilan || [[Mukesh Mohamed]]
|-
| "Engu Selveno" || Shanmugaseelan || [[Haricharan]]
|-
| "Thottadhu Thottadhu Vettriyagum" || Ugabharathi || [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]], [[Suchitra]], Rap Biggnickk (rap)
|-
| "Vanam Enthan" || [[Na. Muthukumar]] || [[Surmukhi Raman]]
|}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[Dinamalar]]'' praised the film's screenplay.<ref>{{Cite web |title=விளையாடவா |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/movie-review/715/Vilayada%20vaa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003031113/https://cinema.dinamalar.com/movie-review/715/Vilayada%20vaa/ |archive-date=3 October 2023 |access-date=1 September 2020 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=Ta}}</ref> ''[[Maalai Malar]]'' praised the carrom scenes and the songs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2012 |title=விளையாட வா |url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/review/2012/02/18154029/vilaiyada-vaa-cinema-review.vpf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025031157/https://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/review/2012/02/18154029/vilaiyada-vaa-cinema-review.vpf |archive-date=25 October 2020 |access-date=1 September 2020 |website=[[Maalai Malar]] |language=Ta}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|13364332}}

[[Category:2012 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2012 Indian films]]
[[Category:2010s sports drama films]]
[[Category:2012 sports films]]
[[Category:Indian sports drama films]]
[[Category:2012 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Sriimurali]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Bengkhuaia

2026-02-25T06:41:29Z

Srcsdoon: put up a details!

{{Short description|Southern Sailo chief (c.1829-1879)}}
{{use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Bengkhuaia
| image =
| title = Chief of Sailam Sailam Lal
| caption =
| succession =
| reign =
| coronation =
| cor-type =
| predecessor = Lalpuithanga
| regent =
| reg-type =
| successor =
| suc-type =
| birth_name = Lalsahulha
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date = 1879
| death_place =
| spouse = Ngurthankimi (Zadeng)
| spouse-type = Spouse
| consort =
| issue = Thawngliana Lalhrima Kamlova Tlungbuta
| issue-link =
| regnal name =
| house = Sailo
| father = Lalpuithanga
| mother =
| religion = [[Lushai animism|Sakhua]]
| type = chieftain
| burial_date =
| burial_place =
| signature =
}}

'''Bengkhuaia''' ({{circa|1829}}-1879), born '''Lalsahulha''', was a southern Mizo chief of the Sailo clan. His subclan, also known as Howlong, was named after the mountain they historically resided by.{{sfn|Lalthlengliana|2007|p=94}} He was son of Lalpuithanga who led the [[North–South War of the Lushai Hills]], India, in the 1850s. Bengkhuaia, as chief, would be responsible for the [[Lushai Expedition]].

==Chieftainship==
After the [[North–South War of the Lushai Hills]], Lalpuithanga would die shortly after at Bawngchawmah near [[Serchhip]]. Bengkhuaia along with his siblings would inherit Lapuithanga's prestige in the south Lushai Hills. Bengkhuaia left with his wife and children to Kawlri and ruled as a chief. Bengkhuaia's chieftainship is recorded as a wise and popular leader. Bengkhuaia sent diplomats to the northern Sailo chiefs to repair relations from the war his father led. His village of Sailam grew. As [[Lallula]]'s sons consolidated their rule many smaller tribes and refugees joined with Bengkhuaia in Sailam.{{sfn|Vanlallawma|1996|p=2}} Despite being born Lalsahulha, he earned his name due to his father's alliance with the Pawi. Bengkhuaia is a Pawi name.{{sfn|Vanlallawma|1996|p=1}}

Bengkhuaia's cousin Lalhleia (brother of Vansanga) and his wife were soon captured by the Pawi. Lalburha (Thangduta's son) asked Lalzika in Darlong for money however was rejected. Lalburha came to Bengkhuaia for his aid instead. Bengkhuaia offered him help and allocated part of his domain to Lalburha.{{sfn|Vanlallawma|1996|p=5}} Lalburha became a subordinate chief to Lalburha along with Diarkhaia and Zathawma, his sister. Bengkhuaia attacked the villages and defeated them. They then occupied the Kawlhawk mountains. As his power and influence in the south grew, [[Vanhnuailiana]]'s son [[Lalbura]] invited him to fight the [[Sukte people|Sukte]] chief Zapauva. However he did not get involved.{{sfn|Vanlallawma|1996|p=6}} Bengkhuaia was also once targeted by [[Khalkam]]. However Khalkam aborted his attack upon seeing the large fortified village of Sailam and took the guns back.{{sfn|Vanlallawma|1996|p=7}}

===Lushai Expedition===
{{main|Lushai Expedition}}
Bengkhuaia led a raid on the tea garden of Alexnadrapur in January 1871. The raid saw James Winchester killed and his five-year-old daughter [[Mary Winchester (Zoluti)|Mary Winchester]] abducted. Mary Winchester was kept in the village of Sailam and treated well. However, the actions led to the British government intervening in the Lushai Hills to curb the raiding and to retrieve Mary Winchester. The expedition set up a Cachar (Left) column and the Chittagong (Right) column. The Cachar column was tasked with punishing [[Lalbura]] and [[Vanhnuailiana]]. The Chittagong column was tasked with retrieving Mary Winchester.{{sfn|Lalthangliana|2005|p=30}}

Mizo recounts of Mary Winchester's captivity describe Bengkhuaia of being fond of Mary who had been renamed Zoluti. Bengkhuaia made her clothes and treated her well by placing her in his own house. During her life in Sailam many of individuals would protect her from the young boys who got too rough. Mary had been under the care of Tluangi an elder woman who worked near the chief's house. Tluangi is known as the wife of Vansuakthanga and grandmother of Pastor Vanchhunga (one of the earliest Mizo pastors). When the expedition revealed the burning villages nearby some men blamed Mary and wished to kill her, however Tluangi protected Mary.{{sfn|Vanlallawma|1996|p=10}}

The Chittagong Column departed on 8 October 1871 with [[Thomas Herbert Lewin]] and [[Rothangpuia]] under General Brownlow. The column forced their way through Demagiri and seven other villages. These were mainly the villages of [[Savunga]] and his sons [[Lalzika]], Lalhlira, Vanlula and Lianngura.{{sfn|Lalthangliana|2005|p=31}} Rothangpuia was sent to negotiate with Bengkhuaia and the chiefs. Mary Winchester was handed back to the British without any confrontation on 25 January 1872.{{sfn|Whitehead|1992}} She had spent a whole year in Sailam by then. Mary had been reluctant to leave Sailam.{{sfn|Lalthangliana|2005|p=31}} According to Mizo recounts, Mary was sent against her will after Tluangi tricked her into going with the sepoys.{{sfn|Vanlallawma|1996|p=11}} However the southern chiefs had not released the captives from the raids. As a result, Thomas Herbert Lewin was sent once more with two companies of soldiers. During the night the Lushais entered his tent and gave him message to meet the chiefs alone which Lewin obliged.{{sfn|Lalthangliana|2005|p=31}} On 16 February Bengkhuaia sent his representatives ahead of him to receive Lewin while he brought a [[gayal|mithun]] for an oath for Lewin to protect him as he submitted to the British.{{sfn|Whitehead|1992|p=242}} met with Savunga and Bengkhuaia, who arrived the next day. The chiefs were wary with cooperaitng with the British due to the story of the [[Lalchukla]] and the Blackwood Expedition.{{sfn|Whitehead|1992|p=243}} However Lewin known as ''Thangliena'', was known for his affinity with the hill people easing their concerns.{{sfn|Whitehead|1992|p=242}}Bengkhuaia met with Lewin at the river near the old settlement of Thenzawl. The river became known as vai biak lui.{{sfn|Vanlallawma|1996|p=11}} Both chiefs gave Lewin their sword but Lewin returned it back immediately. Negotiations went on for an understanding and agreement to the goals of the expedition. All captives were to be set free, the British had free entry to their villages, a friendship to be declared between the Lushais and British and a promise to not raid British territory.{{sfn|Lalthangliana|2005|p=32}} Lewin's negotiations appeased both General Brownlow and the chiefs Bengkhuaia and Savunga. Bengkhuaia made a formal representation of elephant tusks as a symbol of submission. An oath was taken with Lewin personally where the mithun was sacrificed with blood of the mithun smeared on his feet and forehead. They ate the raw liver of the mithun and repeated the oath that their friendship would last until the rivers ran back into the earth again.{{sfn|Whitehead|1992|p=243}} Bengkhuaia and the chiefs gave Lewin a gun, a ''dao'' and a headress with tail feathers of the [[Greater racket-tailed drongo|''vakul'']]. This was to show that Lewin was accepted as a chief. A petition was made that Lewin should settle on Sirte Tlang near their villages so they could communicate more easily. Bengkhuaia released all his captives that evening.{{sfn|Whitehead|1992|p=244}}

==Later years==
Bengkhuaia moved from Sailam to build a new village of Thenzawl. Thenzawl consisted of 700 houses and 5 [[zawlbuk]]s. In the last years of his life, Bengkhuaia participated in wars against the northern chiefs.{{sfn|Vanlallawma|1996|p=12}}

==Death==
Bengkhuaia died in 1879, around the age of 50.{{sfn|Vanlallawma|1996|p=1}} Thenzawl was succeeded by his son Kamlova. His other villages and territory were split across his children.{{sfn|Vanlallawma|1996|p=13}}

==Genealogy==
{{Rolura family tree}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book |last=Lalthangliana |first=B. |date=2005 |title=Culture and Folklore of Mizoram |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Of88DwAAQBAJ |location=Aizawl |publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information and Broadcasting|isbn=978-81-230-2658-9 }}
*{{cite book |last1=Vanlallawma |first1=C. |title=Bengkhuaia Sailo |date=1996 |publisher=Lengchhawm Press |location=Aizawl |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.10182/mode/2up |access-date=16 February 2025}}
*{{cite book |last=Whitehead |first=John |date=1992 |title=Thangliena: The Life of T.H. Lewin |url=https://pahar.in/pahar/Books%20and%20Articles/Indian%20Subcontinent/1992%20Thangliena--the%20Life%20of%20T.H.%20Lewin%20by%20Whitehead%20s.pdf |location=Gartmore, Stirlingshire |publisher=Kiscadale Publications |isbn=1870838068 |access-date=22 January 2025}}

*{{cite book |last1=Lalthlengliana |title=The Lushai Hills: Annexation, Resistance and Pacification 1886-1898 |date=2007 |publisher=Akansha Publishing House |location=Delhi}}

{{Lushai frontier}}

[[Category:Southern Lushai chiefs]]
[[Category:1879 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]

2023 in Tamil television

2026-02-05T04:08:57Z

Srcsdoon: put up info!

{{Year topic navigation|2023|Tamil television}}
{{Short description|none}} 
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}

The following is a list of events affecting '''[[Television in Tamil language|Tamil language television]]''' in 2023 (from India ([[Tamilnadu]]), [[Sri Lanka]], [[Singapore]], [[Malaysia]] and the [[Tamil diaspora]]). Events listed include television show debuts and finales; channel launches and closures; stations changing or adding their network affiliations; and information about changes of ownership of channels or stations.

==Events and new channels==
===January===
{| class="wikitable" width="80%"
|-
! Date
! Event
! Notes
! Ref
|-
| '''14'''
| rowspan="2" | [[Zee Tamil Kudumbam Viruthugal 2022]]
| rowspan="2" | The award function was hosted by RJ Vijay. It was telecast on 14 and 16 January at 6:30 pm.
| rowspan="2" | {{fact|date=September 2025}}
|-
| '''16'''
|}

{| class="wikitable" width="80%"
|-
! Date
! Channel
! Notes
! Ref
|-
| '''15'''
| [[Blacksheep TV]]
| Tamil language general entertainment television channel that was scheduled to launch on 15 January
| <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tamiltvinfo.in/2022/10/blacksheep-tamil-new-satellite-tv-channel.html|title=Blacksheep TV Tamil New Satellite TV Channel Launch (Chithiram Tv Revamp) Update in Tamil |work=tamiltvinfo.in|access-date=12 December 2022}}</ref>
|}

===June===
{| class="wikitable" width="80%"
|-
! Date
! Event
! Notes
! Ref
|-
| '''11'''
| rowspan="3" | [[Sun Kudumbam Viruthugal|Sun Kudumbam Virudhugal 2023]]
| rowspan="3" | The sixth edition of Sun Kudumbam Viruthugal 2023 was aired as three parts, the first part being aired on 11 June, the second on 18 June and the third on 28 June. The hosts were [[Rishi (Tamil actor)|Rishi]], [[Diya Menon]], VJ Aswath and [[Bavithra]].
| rowspan="3" | <ref>{{cite news|url=https://tamil.news18.com/entertainment/television-sun-kudumbam-virudhugal-2023-will-be-held-soon-954275.html|title=விருது வாங்கும் சீரியல்கள் எவை? விரைவில் வரவிருக்கும் சன் குடும்ப விருதுகள் 2023!|website=tamil.news18.com}}</ref>
|-
| '''18'''
|-
| '''28'''
|}

{| class="wikitable" width="80%"
|-
! Date
! Event
! Notes
! Ref
|-
| '''14'''
| rowspan="2" | [[Vijay Television Awards|8th Annual Vijay Television Awards]]
| rowspan="2" | The award function was two parts, the first part being aired on 14 May and the second on 21 May. The hosts were [[Nakshathra Nagesh]], [[Ma Ka Pa Anand]], [[Erode Mahesh]] and [[Priyanka Deshpande]].
| rowspan="2" | <ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-04-24 |title=8th Annual Tamil Television Awards 2023 to air soon |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/8th-annual-tamil-television-awards-2023-to-air-soon/articleshow/99732243.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-05-15 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| '''21'''
|}

===November===
{| class="wikitable" width="80%"
|-
! Date
! Event
! Notes
! Ref
|-
| '''5'''
| rowspan="2" | [[Zee Tamil Kudumbam Viruthugal 2023]]
| rowspan="2" | This is an awards ceremony held to honour the cast and crew of the [[Tamil television drama|Tamil television serials]] which air on [[Zee Tamil]].
| rowspan="2" | <ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/kudumba-viruthugal-awards-2023-to-air-on-soon/articleshow/104911508.cms| title=Zee Tamil Kudumba Viruthugal 2023 to air on soon| website=[[The Times of India]]| date=3 November 2023|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| '''12'''
|}

==New series and shows==
===Soap operas===
;January–June
{| class="wikitable" width="90%"
|-
! colspan="2" |Opening
! style="width:30%;" |Title
! style="width:30%;" |Tamil title
! style="width:20%;" |Network(s)
! style="width:20%;" |Timing
! style="width:20%;" |Ref
|-
| rowspan="8" style="text-align:center;background:#ffa07a;textcolor:#000;" |'''January'''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;"|'''23'''
| [[Siragadikka Aasai (TV series)|Siragadikka Aasai]]
| சிறகடிக்க ஆசை
| rowspan="2" | [[Star Vijay]]
| 21:30
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tellybest.com/news/siragadikka-aasai-serial-cast-vijay-tv-wiki-story-release-date-tv-telecast-timings-latest-promo|title=Siragadikka Aasai serial Comingsoon|website=tellybest.com}}</ref>
|-
| [[Mahanadhi (TV series)|Mahanadhi]]
| மகாநதி
| 22:00
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/new-tv-serial-mahanathi-set-to-be-launched-soon/articleshow/96985338.cms|title=New TV serial 'Mahanathi' set to be launched soon|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;"|'''23'''
| [[Mother (South Korean TV series)|Chinnathayaval]]
| சின்னத்தாயவள்
| rowspan="2" | [[Blacksheep TV]]
| rowspan="29" | Ended
|-
| [[Guardian: The Lonely and Great God|Ennadi Mayavi]]
| என்னடி மாயாவி
|
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;"|'''25'''
| [[Aadha Ishq|Paadhi Kaadhal Paadhi Drogam]]
| பாதி காதல் பாதி துரோகம்
| rowspan="3" | [[Colors Tamil]]
| rowspan="3" | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.medianews4u.com/colors-tamil-to-air-four-tamil-dubbed-web-series-starting-25th-january/|title=Colors Tamil to air four Tamil-dubbed web series starting 25th January|website=medianews4u.com|date=23 January 2023}}</ref>
|-
| [[London Files|London Naatkal]]
| லண்டன் நாட்கள்
|-
| [[The Gone Game|Thoda Thoda Ragasiyam]]
| தொட தொட ரகசியம்
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;"|'''30'''
| [[Zombie Kadhali]]
| சோம்பி காதலி
| [[Astro Vinmeen HD]]
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://astroulagam.com.my/lifestyle/catch-zombie-kadhali-premiering-vinmeen-january-30-260433|title=Catch ‘Zombie Kadhali’ Premiering on Vinmeen From January 30|website=astroulagam.com|date=27 January 2023}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="9" style="text-align:center;background:#ffa07a;textcolor:#000;" |'''February'''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;"|'''6'''
| Kaalavarai
| காலவரை
| [[Vasantham (TV channel)|Mediacorp Vasantham]]
|
|-
| [[Bharathi Kannamma 2]]
| பாரதி கண்ணம்மா 2
| [[Star Vijay]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=New TV serial ‘Bharathi Kannamma 2' to premiere today; deets inside|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/new-tv-serial-bharathi-kannamma-2-to-premiere-today-deets-inside/articleshow/97647168.cms?from=mdr|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;"|'''13'''
| [[Cyber Vaar – Har Screen Crime Scene|Cyber War]]
| சைபர் வார்
| rowspan="3" | [[Colors Tamil]]
| rowspan="3" | <ref>{{cite web |title=Colors Tamil set to air three web series from 8:30 to 10 PM in February|url=https://www.medianews4u.com/colors-tamil-set-to-air-three-web-series-from-830-to-10-pm-in-february/|website=medianews4u.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| Memories
| மெமோரிஸ்
|-
| [[Time Out (Indian TV series)|Time Out]]
| டைம் அவுட்
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;"|'''20'''
| [[Seetha Raman]]
| சீதா ராமன்
| [[Zee Tamil]]
| <ref name="pri1">{{cite web |title=Priyanka Nalkari Is All Set To Appear In Her New TV Show Seetharaman, Check Promo|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/priyanka-nalkari-is-all-set-to-appear-in-her-new-tv-show-seetharaman-check-promo-6990337.html|website=news18.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[Anandham (TV series)|Anandham]]
| ஆனந்தம்
| [[Kalaignar TV]]
|
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;"|'''21'''
| Yaar? 4
| யார்? 4
| [[Vasantham (TV channel)|Mediacorp Vasantham]]
|
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;"|'''27'''
| [[Malar (2023 TV series)|Malar]]
| மலர்
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=பெப்ரவரி 27 ஆம் திகதி முதல் மலர் புதிய தொடர் |url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2023/feb/21/sun-tv-new-serial-malar-telecaste-from-feb-27-chiththi-2-serial-fam-venba-acts-lead-4004856.html|website=dinamani.com|language=ta}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="7" style="text-align:center;background:#ffa07a;textcolor:#000;" |'''March'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;"|'''6'''
| [[Mr. Manaivi]]
| மிஸ்டர் மனைவி
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;"|'''8'''
| [[Manmadha Bullets|Manmadha Bullets Reloaded]]
| மன்மதா தோட்டாக்கள் ரீலோடட்
| [[Astro Vinmeen HD]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;"|'''20'''
| [[Aaha Kalyanam (TV series)|Aaha Kalyanam]]
| ஆஹா கல்யாணம்
| [[Star Vijay]]
| <ref name="pri1"/>
|-
| [[Flower of Evil (South Korean TV series)|Yaaro Ivan]]
| யாரோ இவன்
| [[Blacksheep TV]]
|
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;"|'''27'''
| [[Ponni (TV series)|Ponni]]
| பொன்னி
| [[Star Vijay]]
| <ref>{{cite web |date=2023-02-22 |title=விஜய் டிவி-யின் புதிய சீரியல் பொன்னி! - கதைகளம் என்ன தெரியுமா? |url=https://tamil.news18.com/news/entertainment/television-vijay-tv-ponni-serial-premiere-soon-vaishu-sundar-896882.html |website=tamil.news18.com |language=ta}}</ref>
|-
| [[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagini 6]]
| நாகினி 6
| rowspan=3 | [[Colors Tamil]]
|
|-
| [[Pishachini]]
| பிசாசினி
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Tamil TV serial ‘Pisachini' to premiere soon; here's what actress Jiya Shankar has to say|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/tamil-tv-serial-pisachini-to-premiere-soon-heres-what-actress-jiya-shankar-has-to-say/articleshow/98578494.cms?from=mdr|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffa07a;textcolor:#000;" |'''April'''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;"|'''3'''
| [[Barrister Babu|Bommi Babl]]
| பொம்மி பிஏபிஎல்
|
|-
| [[I'm Not a Robot|Athisaya Piravi]]
| அதிசயப் பிறவி
| [[Blacksheep TV]]
|
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;"|'''17'''
| Pasanga series
| பசங்க சீரிஸ்
| [[Astro Vinmeen HD]]
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://astroulagam.com.my/lifestyle/pasanga-series-quick-chat-director-cast-crew-local-tamil-comedy-drama-series-266593|title=Pasanga Series: A Quick Chat with The Director, Cast & Crew of Local Tamil Comedy Drama Series|website=astroulagam.com|date=10 May 2023}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;"|'''24'''
| [[Modhalum Kaadhalum (TV series)|Modhalum Kaadhalum]]
| மோதலும் காதலும்
| [[Star Vijay]]
| <ref>{{Cite web |last=talkslit_talks |date=2023-04-21 |title="மோதலும் காதலும்" விஜய் டிவியின் புதிய தொடர்.. ஆர்வத்தில் ரசிகர்கள்! |url=https://littletalks.in/2023/04/21/vijay-tv-mothalum-kaadhalum-new-series-starts-from-april-24/ |access-date=2023-05-01 |website=Little talks - Entertainment News Website |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffa07a;textcolor:#000;" |'''May'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" |'''8'''
| [[Sandakozhi (TV series)|Sandakozhi]]
| சண்டக்கோழி
| [[Zee Tamil]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=சண்டக்கோழி புதிய தொடர்|url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-tv-serials/112853/Chinna-thirai-Television-News/Riya-Viswanath-acting-in-new-serial.htm|website=[[Dinamalar]]|access-date=2023-04-27|language=ta}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" |'''17'''
| Dear Diary
| டியர் டைரி
| [[Vasantham (TV channel)|Mediacorp Vasantham]]
|
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" |'''18'''
| Vinaivazhi
| வினைவழி
| [[Vasantham (TV channel)|Mediacorp Vasantham]]
|
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" |'''22'''
| [[Anna (Tamil TV series)|Anna]]
| அண்ணா
| [[Zee Tamil]]
| 20:30
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/senthil-kumar-and-nithya-ram-to-play-lead-roles-in-upcoming-show-anna/articleshow/99085142.cms|title=Senthil Kumar and Nithya Ram to play lead roles in upcoming|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;background:#ffa07a;textcolor:#000;" |'''June'''
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" |'''26'''
| [[Pudhu Vasantham (TV series)|Pudhu Vasantham]]
| புதுவசந்தம்
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| 13:30
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/new-tv-serial-puthu-vasantham-to-launch-soon-deets-inside/articleshow/101124670.cms|title=New TV serial ‘Puthu Vasantham' to launch soon; deets inside|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| [[Guardian: The Lonely and Great God|Ennadi Mayavi]]
| என்னடி மாயாவி
| rowspan="4" | [[Blacksheep TV]]
| rowspan="4" | Ended
|
|-
| [[Flower of Evil (South Korean TV series)|Yaaro Ivan]]
| யாரோ இவன்
|-
| [[Extraordinary You|Rani Comics]]
| இராணி காமிக்ஸ்
|
|-
| [[Queen and I (South Korean TV series)|Avalum Naanum]]
| அவளும் நானும்
|
|-
|}

====July–December====
{| class="wikitable" width="90%"
|-
! colspan="2" |Opening
! style="width:30%;" |Title
! style="width:30%;" |Tamil title
! style="width:20%;" |Network(s)
! style="width:10%;" |Time
! Ref
|-
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;background:#ffa07a;textcolor:#000;" |'''July'''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" |'''3'''
| Perazhagi 2
| பேரழகி 2
| rowspan="2" | [[Colors Tamil]]
| rowspan="6" | Ended
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.medianews4u.com/colors-tamil-to-launch-perazhagi-2-and-archanai-pookal-in-july/|title=Colors Tamil to launch Perazhagi 2 and Archanai Pookal in July|website=medianews4u.com}}</ref>
|-
| Archanai Pookal
| அர்ச்சனை பூக்கள்
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/archanai-pookal-set-to-entertain-tamil-audiences-with-its-dubbed-version/articleshow/101123370.cms|title=‘Archanai Pookal' set to entertain Tamil audiences with its dubbed version|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" |'''4'''
| Uppuroti Chidambaram
| உப்புரொட்டி சிதம்பரம்
| [[Astro Vaanavil]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://corporate.astro.com.my/mediaroom-releases/local-tamil-family-drama-series-uppuroti-chidambaram-premieres-on-astro-vaanavil-from-4-july|title=Local Tamil family drama series ‘Uppuroti Chidambaram’ premieres on Astro Vaanavil from 4 July|website=corporate.astro.com}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" |'''17'''
| [[Ranjithame (2023 TV series)|Ranjithame]]
| ரஞ்சிதாமே
| [[Kalaignar TV]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/new-tv-serial-unnai-ninaithu-to-be-launched-soon/articleshow/99140028.cms|title=New TV serial ‘Unnai Ninaithu' to be launched soon|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" |'''24'''
| [[Meena (2023 TV series)|Meena]]
| மீனா
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/new-tv-serial-sabash-meena-to-launch-soon-deets-inside/articleshow/101180107.cms|title=New TV serial 'Sabash Meena' to launch soon; deets inside|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#ffa07a;textcolor:#000;" |'''August'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" |'''7'''
| [[Kizhakku Vaasal (TV series)|Kizhakku Vaasal]]
| கிழக்கு வாசல்
| [[Star Vijay]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title='சீரியலில் நடிக்கும் எஸ்.ஏ.சி'; தயாரிப்பாளர் ராதிகா சரத்குமார்; தயாராகும் தொடர்|url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/television/actor-vijays-father-sachandrasekar-to-act-in-new-serial|website=cinema.vikatan.com|date=3 February 2023 |language=ta}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" |'''28'''
| [[Idhayam (2023 TV series)|Idhayam]]
| இதயம்
| [[Zee Tamil]]
| 13:30
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=சின்னத்திரை: ஜீ தமிழில் ‘இதயம்’ ஆக.28 முதல் ஒளிபரப்பாகிறது|url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/others/1105260-idhayam-streaming-in-zee-tamil.html|access-date=23 August 2023 |website=www.hindutamil.in|language=ta}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#ffa07a;textcolor:#000;" |'''September'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" |'''2'''
| Ayya Veedu
| ஐயா வீடு
| rowspan="2" | [[Vasantham (TV channel)|Vasantham TV]]
| rowspan="3" | Ended
|
|-
| rowspan="7" style="text-align:center;background:#ffa07a;textcolor:#000;" |'''October'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" |'''2'''
| Anbin Aaram
| அன்பின் ஆரம்
|
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" |'''9'''
| [[Nala Damayanthi (TV series)|Nala Damayanthi]]
| நள தமயந்தி
| rowspan="2" | [[Zee Tamil]]
| <ref>{{Cite web|author=DIN|title=பிரியங்கா நடிக்கும் புதிய தொடரின் முன்னோட்ட காட்சி வெளியானது.|url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2023/sep/13/actress-priyanka-nalkari-new-serial-nala-thamayanthi-promo-video-in-zee-tamil-4071967.html|access-date=13 September 2023 |website=www.dinamani.com|language=ta}}</ref>
|-
| [[Sandhya Raagam (TV series)|Sandhya Raagam]]
| சந்தியா ராகம்
| 19:00
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Namma Veetu Ponnu actor Surjith Kumar to play the titular role in upcoming show 'Sandhya Raagam'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/namma-veetu-ponnu-actor-surjith-kumar-to-play-the-titular-role-in-upcoming-show-sandhya-raagam/articleshow/103748706.cms|access-date=18 September 2023 |website=[[The Times of India]]|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[Singapennae]]
| சிங்கப்பெண்ணே
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| 20:00
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=தனுஷ் இயக்கும் புதிய தொடர் அக்டோபர் 9 ஆம் திகதி முதல் ஒளிபரப்பு...|url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2023/oct/06/singappenne-new-serial-from-oct9-in-sun-tv-4084547.html|access-date=6 October 2023 |website=www.dinamani.com|language=ta}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" |'''23'''
| Sandhiya
| சந்தியா
| [[DD Podhigai]]
| rowspan="2" | Ended
|
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" |'''30'''
| [[Poova Thalaya (TV series)|Poova Thalaya]]
| பூவா தலையா
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=சன் டி.வி புது சீரியலில் 'புது வசந்தம்' சித்தாரா: கதை என்ன?|url=https://tamil.indianexpress.com/entertainment/puthu-vasantham-sithara-acts-in-sun-tv-new-serial-poova-thalaiya-what-is-story-1565438|website=tamil.indianexpress.com|access-date=21 October 2023|language=ta}}</ref>
|-
| [[Pandian Stores 2]]
| பாண்டியன் ஸ்டோர்ஸ் 2
| [[Star Vijay]]
| 20:00
| <ref>{{Cite web|title=நான் கிழிச்ச கோட்டை வீடு தாண்டாது.. பாண்டியன் ஸ்டோர்ஸ் 2 புதிய ப்ரமோ!|url=https://tamil.filmibeat.com/news/vijay-tvs-pandian-stores-2-serial-next-to-next-promos-makes-fans-interesting-118389.html|access-date=15 October 2023 |website=tamil.filmibeat.com|language=ta}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#ffa07a;textcolor:#000;" |'''November'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" |'''13'''
| [[Nee Naan Kaadhal]]
| நீ நான் காதல்
| [[Star Vijay]]
| rowspan=2 | Ended
| <ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/popular-actors-prem-jacob-and-varshini-suresh-to-play-the-lead-roles-in-the-upcoming-show-nee-naan-kadhal/articleshow/104276720.cms| title=Popular actors Prem Jacob and Varshini Suresh to play the lead roles in the upcoming show 'Nee Naan Kadhal'| website=The Times of India| date=9 October 2023}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" |'''13'''
| [[1943: Kappaleriya Thamizhan]]
| கப்பலேறிய தமிழன்
| [[Vasantham (TV channel)|Vasantham TV]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#ffa07a;textcolor:#000;" | '''December'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" |'''4'''
| [[Sakthivel: Theeyaai Oru Theeraa Kaadhal]]
| சக்திவேல்
| [[Star Vijay]]
| 13:30
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/pravin-adithya-and-anjali-baskar-starrer-sakthi-vel-to-entertain-tamil-tv-audience/articleshow/105164028.cms|title=Pravin Adithya and Anjali Baskar starrer 'Sakthi Vel' to entertain Tamil TV audience|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" |'''22'''
| | Pachaipudavaikari
| பச்சைபுடவைக்காரி
| [[Polimer TV]]
| Ended
| <ref>{{cite AV media|people=பச்சைப்புடவைக்காரி Promo 1|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fxOH9j9zJOE|title=பச்சைப்புடவைக்காரி, Polimer TV New Serial{{!}} Polimer TV}}</ref>
|-
|}

===Shows===
;January–June
{| class="wikitable" width="90%"
|-
! colspan="2" |Opening
! style="width:30%;" |Title
! style="width:30%;" |Tamil title
! style="width:20%;" |Network(s)
! style="width:10%;" |Status
! Ref
|-
| rowspan="9" style="text-align:center; background:#a0f; textcolor:#d580ff;" |'''January'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#d580ff" |'''1'''
| [[Vasantham Star|Vasantham Star 2023]]
| வசந்தம் ஸ்டார் 2023
| [[Vasantham (TV channel)|Mediacorp Vasantham]]
| rowspan="24" | Ended
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cnalifestyle.channelnewsasia.com/entertainment/vasantham-star-2023-finalists-singing-competition-mediacorp-344426|title=Tamil reality singing competition Vasantham Star returns after 6-year hiatus |website=cnalifestyle.channelnewsasia.com}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#d580ff" |'''15'''
| Alayam Ayiram
| ஆலயம் ஆயிரம்
| rowspan="6" | [[Blacksheep TV]]
|-
| Anpudan Archanai
| அன்புடன் அர்ச்சனை
|-
| Good Morning Blacksheep
| குட் மார்னிங் பிளாக்ஷீப்
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#d580ff" |'''18'''
| Kattathu Rani
| கட்டத்து ராணி
|-
| Nikki Raid
| நிக்கி ரெயிட்
|-
| Adichi Thukku Machi
| அடிச்சி தூக்கு மச்சி
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#d580ff" |'''22'''
| Super Kudumbam 3
| சூப்பர் குடும்பம் 3
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#d580ff" |'''28'''
| [[Cooku with Comali season 4|Cooku with Comali 4]]
| குக் வித் கோமாளி 4
| [[Star Vijay]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kalaignarseithigal.com/cinema/2023/01/10/vijay-tvs-cooku-with-comali-season-4-contestant-list|title="எல்லாரும் ரொம்ப ஹாப்பி.. வந்தாச்சு நம்ம GP.." -வருகிறது Cooku with கோமாளி சீசன் 4: ரசிகர்கள் கொண்டாட்டம்|website=kalaignarseithigal.com|language=ta}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="8" style="text-align:center; background:#a0f; textcolor:#d580ff;" |'''February'''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#d580ff" |'''5'''
| [[Super Jodi]]
| சூப்பர் ஜோடி
| [[Zee Tamil]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2023/02/zee-tamil-to-launch-indigenous-reality-show-super-jodi-|title=Zee Tamil to launch indigenous reality show ‘Super Jodi’|website=bestmediainfo.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| Comedy Gajana
| காமெடி கஜானா
| [[Blacksheep TV]]
|
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#d580ff" |'''11'''
| Acham Yenbathu Madamaiyada 3
| அச்சம் என்பது மடமையடா 3
| [[Vasantham (TV channel)|Mediacorp Vasantham]]
|
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#d580ff" |'''13'''
| Gang Stars
| கேங் ஸ்டார்ஸ்
| [[Blacksheep TV]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=New game show ‘Gang Stars' set to launch on February 13|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/new-game-show-gang-stars-set-to-launch-on-february-13/articleshow/97727716.cms|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#d580ff" |'''19'''
| [[Kalakka Povathu Yaaru? Champions|Kalakka Povathu Yaaru? Champions 4]]
| கலக்க போவது யாரு சாம்பியன்
| [[Star Vijay]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Reality show ‘KPY Champion 4’ set to launch soon; deets inside|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/reality-show-kpy-champion-4-set-to-launch-soon-deets-inside/articleshow/97722061.cms?from=mdr|website=The Times of India|language=ta}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#d580ff" |'''19'''
| Makkal En Pakkam
| மக்கள் என் பக்கம்
| [[Adithya TV]]
|
|-
| Rocket Raja
| ராக்கெட் ராஜா
| [[Adithya TV]]
|
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#d580ff" |'''26'''
| Ranjithame
| ரஞ்சிதமே
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/new-game-show-ranjithame-set-to-premiere-on-february-23/articleshow/98173693.cms|title=New game show ‘Ranjithame' set to premiere on February 26|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#a0f; textcolor:#d580ff;" |'''March'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#d580ff" |'''5'''
| Adithya Galatta
| ஆதித்யா கலாட்டா
| [[Adithya TV]]
|
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#d580ff" |'''11'''
| Nee Urutttu Machi
| நீ உருட்டு மச்சி
| [[Adithya TV]]
|
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#d580ff" |'''26'''
| [[Start Music season 4|Start Music 4]]
| ஸ்டார்ட் மியூசிக்
| [[Star Vijay]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=New game show ‘Start Music season 4’ set to launch soon; deets inside|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/new-game-show-start-music-season-4-set-to-launch-soon-deets-inside/articleshow/98576609.cms|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#a0f; textcolor:#d580ff;" |'''April'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#d580ff" |'''16'''
| [[Tamil Pechu Engal Moochu]]
| தமிழ் பேச்சு எங்கள் மூச்சு
| [[Star Vijay]]
|<ref>{{cite web |title=TV show 'Tamil Pechu Engal Moochu' set to premiere soon|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/tv-show-tamil-pechu-engal-moochu-set-to-premiere-soon/articleshow/99056011.cms|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#d580ff" |'''24'''
| Varuthapadatha Sangam
| வருத்தப்படாத சங்கம்
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|<ref>{{cite web |title=New game show 'Varuthapadatha Sangam' set to launch on April 23|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/new-game-show-varuthapadatha-sangam-set-to-launch-on-april-23/articleshow/99686004.cms|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#a0f; textcolor:#d580ff;" |'''May'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#d580ff" |'''19'''
| Panas Talk With Vikadakavi
| விகடகவியுடன் பனாஸ் பேச்சு
| [[Astro Vinmeen HD]]
|<ref>{{cite web |title=FIVE Blazing Reasons to Add 'Panas Talk With Vikadakavi' to Your Watchlist|url=https://astroulagam.com.my/lifestyle/five-blazing-reasons-add-panas-talk-vikadakavi-your-watchlist-267020|website=astroulagam.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#d580ff" |'''20'''
| Kanavu Meipada 3
| கனவு மெய்பட 3
| [[Vasantham (TV channel)|Mediacorp Vasantham]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#a0f; textcolor:#d580ff;" |'''June'''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#d580ff" |'''11'''
| Vaa Tamizha Vaa
| வா தமிழா வா
| [[Kalaignar TV]]
|
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Reality TV show 'Vaa Tamizha' set to premiere soon|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/reality-tv-show-vaa-tamizha-set-to-premiere-soon/articleshow/99730146.cms|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[Ready Steady Po]] 3
| ரெடி ஸ்டெடி போ 3
| [[Star Vijay]]
| Ended
|<ref>{{cite web |title=மீண்டும் வருகிறது விஜய் டிவி-யின் பிரபல நிகழ்ச்சி ’ரெடி ஸ்டெடி போ’.!|url=https://tamil.news18.com/entertainment/television-vijay-tv-ready-steady-po-back-again-to-entertain-audience-1009673.html|website=tamil.news18.com|language=ta}}</ref>
|-
|}

====July–December====
{| class="wikitable" width="90%"
|-
! colspan="2" |Opening
! style="width:30%;" |Title
! style="width:30%;" |Tamil title
! style="width:20%;" |Network(s)
! style="width:10%;" |Status
! Ref
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#a0f; textcolor:#d580ff;" |'''July'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#d580ff" |'''1'''
| [[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Tamil Li'l Champs season 3|Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Lil Champs 3]]
| சா ரி க ம ப லிட்டில் சாம்பியன்ஸ் 3
| [[Zee Tamil]]
| rowspan="15" | Ended
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Li’l Champs Season 3 set to launch soon; deets inside|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/sa-re-ga-ma-pa-lil-champs-season-3-set-to-launch-soon-deets-inside/articleshow/98601195.cms|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#d580ff" |'''2'''
| [[Super Singer Junior season 9|Super Singer Junior 9]]
| சூப்பர் சிங்கர் ஜூனியர் சீசன் 9
| [[Star Vijay]]
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Super Singer Junior season 9 set to launch on July 8|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/super-singer-junior-season-9-set-to-launch-on-july-8/articleshow/101357523.cms|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#d580ff" |'''23'''
| Ranjithame 2
| ரஞ்சிதமே 2
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/new-game-show-ranjithame-season-2-set-to-premiere-on-july-23/articleshow/101848055.cms|title=New game show ‘Ranjithame season 2' set to premiere on July 23|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#d580ff" |'''29'''
| [[Kadhanayagi]]
| கதாநாயகி
| [[Star Vijay]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#a0f; textcolor:#d580ff;" |'''August'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#d580ff" |'''13'''
| Takkaru Takkaru
| டக்கர் டக்கர்
| [[Zee Tamil]]
|
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#d580ff" |'''19'''
| Kadalora Payanam
| கடலோர பயணம்
| [[Vasantham (TV channel)|Vasantham TV]]
|
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#a0f; textcolor:#d580ff;" |'''September'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#d580ff" |'''18'''
| Savaal Sapthaswaram
| சவால் சப்தஸ்வரம்
| [[Vasantham (TV channel)|Vasantham TV]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#a0f; textcolor:#d580ff;" |'''October'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#d580ff" |'''2'''
| [[Bigg Boss (Tamil season 7)|Bigg Boss 7]]
| பிக் பாஸ் 7
| [[Star Vijay]]
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss Tamil 7: Host Kamal Haasan reveals one show two houses; watch promo|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/bigg-boss-tamil-7-host-kamal-haasan-reveals-one-show-two-houses-watch-promo/articleshow/103077619.cms|access-date=2023-08-26 |website=[[Times Of India]]|language=ta}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#d580ff" |'''29'''
| [[Oo Solriya Oo Oohm Solriya|Oo Solriya Oo Oohm Solriya 2]]
| ஊ சொல்றியா ஓஓஓம் சொல்றியா
| [[Star Vijay]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://cineulagam.com/article/vijay-tv-superhit-show-season-2-promo-video-1698118070|title=மீண்டும் துவங்கும் விஜய் டிவியின் சூப்பர்ஹிட் நிகழ்ச்சி.. ஆவலுடன் காத்திருக்கும் ரசிகர்கள், ப்ரோமோ வீடியோ|publisher=cineulagam.com|access-date=|language=ta}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#a0f; textcolor:#d580ff;" |'''November'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#d580ff" |'''19'''
| [[Anda Ka Kasam]] 2
| அண்டாகாகசம் 2
| [[Star Vijay]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/game-show-anda-ka-kasam-seasons-2-to-launch-soon/articleshow/100865947.cms|title=Game show ‘Anda Ka Kasam Seasons 2' to launch soon|publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|access-date=|language=ta}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; background:#a0f; textcolor:#d580ff;" |'''December'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#d580ff" |'''2'''
| Vivegam 3
| விவேகம் 3
| [[Vasantham (TV channel)|Vasantham TV]]
|
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#d580ff" |'''12'''
| Enna Kodumai
| என்னா கொடுமை
| [[Vasantham (TV channel)|Vasantham TV]]
|
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#d580ff" |'''16'''
| [[Super Singer 10]]
| சூப்பர் சிங்கர் 10
| [[Star Vijay]]
| <ref>{{cite web|author= |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/super-singer-season-10-set-to-premiere-soon/articleshow/103928121.cms|title=Super Singer Season 10 Auditions started|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=25 September 2023|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#d580ff" |'''17'''
| Ranjithame 3
| ரஞ்சிதமே 3
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#d580ff" |'''23'''
| [[Dance Jodi Dance Reloaded|Dance Jodi Dance Reloaded 2]]
| டான்ஸ் ஜோடி டான்ஸ் ரீலோடட் 2
| [[Zee Tamil]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/dance-jodi-dance-reloaded-2-to-premiere-on-soon-details-inside/articleshow/103047139.cms|title='Dance Jodi Dance Reloaded 2' to premiere on soon|website=The Times of India|date=25 August 2023|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Debut web series==
{| class="wikitable" width="90%"
|-
! colspan="2" |Opening
! style="width:30%;" |Title
! style="width:30%;" |Tamil title
! style="width:20%;" |Director
! style="width:20%;" |Platform
!Ref
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#32CD32; textcolor:#d580ff;" |'''January'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#a7f432;"|'''6'''
| [[Story of Things]]
| ஸ்டோரி ஆஃப் திங்ஸ்
| [[Vinoth Kishan]], Anshita Anand, [[Aditi Balan]], [[Gautami|Gautami Tadimalla]]
| [[SonyLIV]]
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=George K Antoney's anthology series Story of Things to stream from January 6 on Sony LIV |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/george-k-antoneys-anthology-series-story-of-things-to-stream-from-january-6-on-sony-liv/cid/1906137 |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=telegraphindia.com}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#a7f432;"|'''20'''
| [[Joking Bad]]
| ஜோக்கிங் பேட்
| [[Lollu Sabha Swaminathan|Swaminathan]], [[Lollu Sabha Manohar|Manohar]], [[Lollu Sabha Jeeva|Jeeva]], Seshu
| [[Netflix|Netflix India]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newssensetn.com/cinema/lollu-sabha-team-is-back-breaking-bad-becomes-joking-bad|title=மீண்டும் வருகிறது ’லொள்ளு சபா’ - நெட்ஃப்ளிக்ஸ் வெளியிட்ட Glimpse Viral|work=|publisher=newssensetn.com|access-date=18 January 2023|language=ta}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#a7f432;"|'''26'''
| [[Ayali (2023 TV series)|Ayali]]
| அயலி
| Abi Nakshatra, [[Anumol]], Madhan, [[Linga (actor)|Linga]], [[Singampuli]]
| [[Zee5]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/ayali-zee5-latest-series-highlights-the-importance-of-women-education-release-date-announced-97190|title=பருவமெய்தியதை மறைத்து டாக்டராக விரும்பும் சிறுமி... ஓடிடியில் வெளியாகும் 2023-ன் முதல் தமிழ் ஒரிஜினல் சீரிஸ் 'அயலி'!|date=20 January 2023 |publisher=tamil.abplive.com|access-date=|language=ta}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#a7f432;"|'''27'''
| [[Engga Hostel]]
| எங்க ஹாஸ்டல்
| Saranya Ravichandran, Avinaash Ramesh, Sacchin Nachiappan, Goutham Raj, Dravid Selvam
| [[Amazon Prime Video]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://tamilankural.com/prime-videos-enga-hostel-on-january-27/|title=ப்ரைம் வீடியோவின் ‘எங்க ஹாஸ்டல்’ ஜனவரி 27 முதல்..!|work=|publisher=tamilankural.com|access-date=|language=ta}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#32CD32; textcolor:#d580ff;" |'''February'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#a7f432;"|'''24'''
| [[Iru Dhuruvam season 2|Iru Dhuruvam 2]]
| இரு துருவம் 2
| [[Nandha Durairaj]], [[Prasanna (actor)|Prasanna]], [[Abhirami Venkatachalam]], [[Linga (actor)|Linga]]
| [[SonyLIV]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.janbharattimes.com/entertainment/iru-dhuruvam-2-release-date-star-cast-plot-trailer-more-updates|title=Iru Dhuruvam 2 Release Date|publisher=en.janbharattimes.com|access-date=|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#a7f432;"|'''28'''
| [[Maaya Thotta]]
| மாய தோட்டா
| [[Amit Bhargav]], Chaitra Reddy, Kumaran Thangarajan
| [[Hungama Digital Media Entertainment|Hungama]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://businessnewsthisweek.com/news/hungama-digital-media-launches-maaya-thotta/|title=Hungama Digital Media launches ‘Maaya Thotta’|publisher=businessnewsthisweek.com|access-date=|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#32CD32; textcolor:#d580ff;" |'''March'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#a7f432;"|'''10'''
| [[Accidental Farmer and Co]]
| ஆக்சிடெண்டல் ஃபார்மர் அண்ட் கோ
| [[Vaibhav Reddy]], [[Ramya Pandian]], [[Badava Gopi]]
| [[SonyLIV]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.binged.com/news/accidental-farmer-co-new-comedy-series-from-sonyliv-check-details/|title=Accidental Farmer & Co: New Comedy Series From SonyLIV, Check Details|publisher=binged.com|access-date=|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#a7f432;"|'''24'''
| [[Sengalam]]
| செங்களம்
| [[Kalaiyarasan]], [[Vani Bhojan]]
| [[Zee5]]
| <ref>{{cite web |date=19 March 2023|title=அரசியல் திரில்லராக உருவாகியுள்ள ‘செங்களம்’ இணையத் தொடர்! - மார்ச் 24 ஆம் தேதி ஜீ5 தளத்தில் வெளியாகிறது|url=https://www.cinemainbox.com/new-cinemadetail/political-thriller-web-series-sengalam-release-in-zee-5-8880.html|website=www.cinemainbox.com|language=ta}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#32CD32; textcolor:#d580ff;" |'''April'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#a7f432;"|'''21'''
| [[Oru Kodai Murder Mystery]]
| ஒரு கோடை மர்டர் மிஸ்டரி
| Abhirami, Akash, Aishwarya, Raghav, John
| [[Zee5]]
| <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Thinkal |title=Oru Kodai Murder Mystery release date: When and where to watch the film on OTT |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/oru-kodai-murder-mystery-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-this-whodunit-involving-teens-online/a0293068a8810 |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#a7f432;"|'''22'''
| [[Kana Kaanum Kaalangal (2022 TV series)|Kana Kaanum Kaalangal 2]]
| கானா காணும் காலங்கள் 2
| Bharath, Sangeetha, Aravind Seiju, Raja Vetri Prabhu, Irfan
| [[Disney+ Hotstar]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/bharath-kumar-and-vj-sangeetha-starrer-kana-kanum-kalangal-2-set-for-its-ott-premiere-soon/articleshow/98693112.cms|title=Bharath Kumar and VJ Sangeetha starrer 'Kana Kanum Kalangal 2 ' set for its OTT premiere soon|website=The Times of India|access-date=|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#32CD32; textcolor:#d580ff;" |'''May'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#a7f432;"|'''18'''
| ''[[Modern Love Chennai]]''
| மாடர்ன் லவ் சென்னை
| [[Bharathiraja]], [[Balaji Sakthivel]], [[Thiagarajan Kumararaja]], [[Raju Murugan]],[[Five Star Krishna|Krishnakumar Ramakumar]], Akshay Sundher
| [[Amazon Prime Video]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Modern Love Chennai to premiere on Prime Video on May 18. See poster |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/modern-love-chennai-to-premiere-on-prime-video-on-may-18-see-poster-2376338-2023-05-08 |website=[[India Today]] |access-date=17 May 2023 |language=en |archive-date=17 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230517090759/https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/modern-love-chennai-to-premiere-on-prime-video-on-may-18-see-poster-2376338-2023-05-08 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#32CD32; textcolor:#d580ff;" |'''July'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#a7f432;"|'''6'''
| ''[[Sweet Kaaram Coffee]]''
| ஸ்வீட் காரம் காபி
| [[Bejoy Nambiar]], Krishna Marimuthu, Swathi Raghuraaman
| [[Amazon Prime Video]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/entertainment/sweet-kaaram-coffee-release-date-prime-video-when-and-where-to-watch-this-tamil-original-web-series-lakshmi-madhoo-santhy-10084754|title=sweet-kaaram-coffee-release-date-prime-video-when-and-where-to-watch-this-tamil-original-web-series-lakshmi-madhoo-santhy-|date=27 June 2023 |publisher=Dainik Jagran|access-date=|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#32CD32; textcolor:#d580ff;" |'''August'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#a7f432;"|'''8'''
| [[Mathagam]]
| மத்தகம்
| Prasath Murugesan
| [[Disney+ Hotstar]]
| <ref>{{cite web |date=5 August 2023|title=Mathagam OTT release date: When and where to watch Atharvaa, Manikandan's gangster drama online|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/mathagam-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-atharvaa-manikandans-gangster-drama-online/9aa9444372576|website=www.ottplay.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#a7f432;"|'''10'''
| [[Vera Maari Office]]
| வேரா மாறி ஆபீஸ்
| Chidambaram Manivannan
| [[aha (streaming service)|Aha Tamil]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/vera-maari-office-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-the-tamil-series-starring-rj-vijay-online/30ee745820301|title=Vera Maari Office OTT release date|publisher=www.ottplay.com|access-date=29 July 2023|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#32CD32; textcolor:#d580ff;" |'''September'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#a7f432;"|'''15'''
| [[MY3]]
| மைதிரி
| [[M. Rajesh]]
| [[Disney+ Hotstar]]
| <ref>{{cite web |date=15 September 2023 |title=Hansika Motwani's I'm Not a Robot adaptation is now streaming |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/my3-out-on-ott-hansika-motwanis-im-not-a-robot-adaptation-is-now-streaming/d910486643349 |website=[[OTTplay]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#32CD32; textcolor:#d580ff;" |'''November'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#a7f432;"|'''15'''
| [[Label (TV series)|Label]]
| லேபிள்
| [[Arunraja Kamaraj]]
| [[Disney+ Hotstar]]
|
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#a7f432;"|'''15'''
| [[The Village (2023 TV series)|The Village]]
| தி வில்லேஜ்
| Milind Rau
| [[Amazon Prime Video]]
| <ref>{{Cite web |author= South First Desk|title=Actor Arya’s ‘The Village’ web series to release on 24 November|url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/actor-aryas-web-series-the-village-to-release-on-24-november/|access-date=9 November 2023|website=thesouthfirst.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Ending series and shows==
===Series===
{| class="wikitable" width="90%"
|-
! colspan="2" |Ending
! style="width:30%;" |Title
! style="width:30%;" |Tamil title
! style="width:20%;" |Network(s)
! style="width:20%;" |First aired
! Ref
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#FFB200;textcolor:#000;" |'''January'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#FFFF99;"|'''9'''
| Ullathai Allitha
| உள்ளத்தை அள்ளித்தா
| [[Colors Tamil]]
| 10 October 2022
|
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FFFF99;"|'''12'''
| [[Jamelaa (TV series)|Jamelaa]]
| ஜமீலா
| [[Colors Tamil]]
| 10 October 2022
|
|-
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center;background:#FFB200;textcolor:#000;" |'''February'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#FFFF99;"|'''4'''
| [[Bharathi Kannamma (2019 TV series)|Bharathi Kannamma]]
| பாரதி கண்ணம்மா
| [[Star Vijay]]
| 25 February 2019
| <ref>{{cite web |title=TV Serial Bharathi Kannamma to go off-air soon|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/tv-serial-bharathi-kannamma-to-go-off-air-soon/articleshow/97526630.cms?from=mdr|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#FFFF99;"|'''10'''
| [[Aadha Ishq|Paadhi Kaadhal Paadhi Drogam]]
| பாதி காதல் பாதி துரோகம்
| rowspan="3" | [[Colors Tamil]]
| rowspan="3" | 25 January 2023
|
|-
| [[London Files|London Naatkal]]
| லண்டன் நாட்கள்
|
|-
| [[The Gone Game|Thoda Thoda Ragasiyam]]
| தொட தொட ரகசியம்
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#FFFF99;"|'''20'''
| Aathmaan
| ஆத்மான்
| [[Vasantham (TV channel)|Mediacorp Vasantham]]
| 21 December 2022
|
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#FFFF99;"|'''25'''
| [[Abhiyum Naanum (TV series)|Abhiyum Naanum]]
| அபியும் நானும்
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| 26 October 2020
| <ref>{{Cite web|title=Tamil TV show 'Abhiyum Naanum' to go off-air soon|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/tamil-tv-show-abhiyum-naanum-to-go-off-air-soon/articleshow/97915956.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center;background:#FFB200;textcolor:#000;" |'''March'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#FFFF99;"|'''4'''
| [[Kannana Kanne]]
| கண்ணான கண்ணே
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| 4 November 2020
|
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#FFFF99;"|'''17'''
| [[Rettai Roja]]
| இரட்டை ரோஜா
| [[Zee Tamil]]
| 12 August 2019
|
|-
| [[Mouna Raagam 2]]
| மௌன ராகம் 2
| [[Star Vijay]]
| 1 February 2021
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Tamil TV show 'Mouna Raagam 2' to go off-air soon|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/tamil-tv-show-mouna-raagam-2-to-go-off-air-soon/articleshow/98200308.cms?from=mdr|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[Guardian: The Lonely and Great God|Ennadi Mayavi]]
| என்னடி மாயாவி
| [[Blacksheep TV]]
| 23 January 2023
|
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#FFFF99;"|'''25'''
| [[Namma Veetu Ponnu]]
| நம்ம வீட்டு பொண்ணு
| [[Star Vijay]]
| 16 August 2021
| <ref>{{cite web |title=TV show Namma Veetu Ponnu to go off-air soon|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/tv-show-namma-veetu-ponnu-to-go-off-air-soon/articleshow/98851979.cms|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#FFFF99;"|'''31'''
| [[Guardian: The Lonely and Great God|Ennadi Mayavi]]
| என்னடி மாயாவி
| [[Blacksheep TV]]
| 23 January 2023
|
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#FFB200;textcolor:#000;" |'''April'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#FFFF99;"|'''21'''
| Raja Rani 2
| ராஜா ராணி 2
| [[Star Vijay]]
| 12 October 2020
| <ref>{{cite web |title=TV show ‘Raja Rani 2’ to go off-air soon|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/tv-show-raja-rani-2-to-go-off-air-soon/articleshow/99213014.cms?from=mdr|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#FFFF99;"|'''29'''
| [[Rajini (TV series)|Rajini]]
| ரஜினி
| [[Zee Tamil]]
| 27 December 2021
| <ref>{{Cite web|title=TV show ‘Rajini’ to go off-air soon|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/tv-show-rajini-to-go-off-air-soon/articleshow/99574148.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#FFB200;textcolor:#000;" |'''May'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#FFFF99;"|'''20'''
| Kannathil Muthamittal
| கன்னத்தில் முத்தமிட்டாள்
| [[Zee Tamil]]
| 11 April 2022
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Tamil TV show 'Kannathil Muthamittal' to go off-air soon|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/tamil-tv-show-kannathil-muthamittal-to-go-off-air-soon/articleshow/100359557.cms|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#FFB200;textcolor:#000;" |'''June'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#FFFF99;"|'''24'''
| [[Thalattu (TV series)|Thalattu]]
| தாலாட்டு
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| 26 April 2021
| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/daily-soap-thalattu-to-go-off-air-soon/articleshow/101127623.cms|title=Daily soap Thalattu to go off-air soon|newspaper=The Times of India|date=20 June 2023}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#FFB200;textcolor:#000;" |'''July'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#FFFF99;"|'''1'''
| [[Magarasi]]
| மாகராசி
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| 21 October 2019
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/new-show-magarasi-to-go-on-air-from-october-21/articleshow/71689629.cms|title=Magarasi to go on air from October 21|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#FFFF99;"|'''22'''
| Thirumagal
| திருமகள்
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| 12 October 2020
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/tamil-tv-show-thirumagal-to-go-off-air-soon/articleshow/101773746.cms|title=Thirumgal serial to go on air from October 21|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#FFB200;textcolor:#000;" |'''August'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#FFFF99;"|'''6'''
| [[Bharathi Kannamma 2]]
| பாரதி கண்ணம்மா 2
| [[Star Vijay]]
| 6 February 2023
| <ref>{{cite news |title=TV Serial Bharathi Kannamma to go off-air soon|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/tv-serial-bharathi-kannamma-to-go-off-air-soon/articleshow/97526630.cms?from=mdr|newspaper=The Times of India| date=February 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#FFFF99;"|'''26'''
| [[Deivam Thantha Poove]]
| தெய்வம் தந்த பூவே
| [[Zee Tamil]]
| 13 December 2021
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/daily-soap-deivam-thantha-poove-goes-off-air-after-three-years-of-successful-run-actress-sree-nidhi-turns-emotional/articleshow/103166429.cms|title=Daily soap Deivam Thantha Poove goes off-air after three years of successful run|language=en|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#FFB200;textcolor:#000;" |'''September'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#FFFF99;"|'''30'''
| [[Kaatrukkenna Veli (TV series)|Kaatrukkenna Veli]]
| காற்றுக்கென்ன வேலி
| [[Star Vijay]]
| 18 January 2021
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2023/sep/04/tamil-serial-news-vijay-tv-kaatrukkenna-veli-serial-end-soon-like-pandian-stores-kanne-kalaimaane-4066793.html|title=பிரபல தொடர் விரைவில் முடிகிறது..|date=4 September 2023|website=www.dinamani.com}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;background:#FFB200;textcolor:#000;" |'''October'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#FFFF99;"|'''8'''
| Thavamai Thavamirundhu
| தவமாய் தவமிருந்து
| [[Zee Tamil]]
| 18 April 2022
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/tamil-tv-show-thavamai-thavamirundhu-off-air-yesterday/articleshow/104282375.cms|title=Tamil TV show ‘Thavamai Thavamirundhu' off air yesterday|date=9 October 2023|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#FFFF99;"|'''28'''
| [[Pandavar Illam]]
| பாண்டவர் இல்லம்
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| 15 July 2019
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/tamil-tv-show-pandavar-illam-ends-its-journey/articleshow/104818899.cms|title=Tamil TV show ‘Pandavar Illam' ends its journey|date=30 October 2023|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref>
|-
| [[Pandian Stores]]
| பாண்டியன் ஸ்டோர்ஸ்
| [[Star Vijay]]
| 1 October 2018
|
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#FFB200;textcolor:#000;" |'''November'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#FFFF99;"|'''11'''
| [[Thendral Vandhu Ennai Thodum]]
| தென்றல் வந்து என்னை தொடும்
| [[Star Vijay]]
| 16 August 2021
| <ref>{{Cite web|title=Tamil TV show ‘Thendral Vandhu Ennai Thodum' to go off-air|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/tamil-tv-show-thendral-vandhu-ennai-thodum-to-go-off-air-soon/articleshow/105066202.cms|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=8 November 2023 }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#FFB200;textcolor:#000;" |'''December'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#FFFF99;"|'''9'''
| [[Kanne Kalaimaane (2022 TV series)|Kanne Kalaimaane]]
| கண்ணே கலைமானே
| [[Star Vijay]]
| 10 October 2022
|
|-
|}

===Shows===
{| class="wikitable" width="90%"
|-
! colspan="2" |Ending
! style="width:30%;" |Title
! style="width:30%;" |Tamil title
! style="width:20%;" |Network(s)
! style="width:20%;" |First aired
! Ref
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;background:#FFB200;textcolor:#000;" |'''January'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#FFFF99;"|'''1'''
| [[Super Mom (TV series)|Super Mom 3]]
| சூப்பர் மாம் 3
| [[Zee Tamil]]
| 4 September 2022
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://totalreporter.com/super-mom-season-3-winner-and-runner-up-get-grand-finale-finalists-episode-telecast-date-time-and-more-details-here/|title=Super Mom Season 3 Winner and Runner-up, Get Grand Finale Finalists|website=totalreporter.com|date=January 2023 |language=ta}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FFFF99;"|'''8'''
| Maathi Yosi
| மாத்தி யோசி
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| 27 February 2022
|
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FFFF99;"|'''22'''
| [[Bigg Boss (Tamil season 6)|Bigg Boss 6]]
| பிக் பாஸ் 6
| [[Star Vijay]]
| 9 October 2022
|
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#FFB200;textcolor:#000;" |'''February'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#FFFF99;"|'''12'''
| [[Anda Ka Kasam (TV series)|Anda Ka Kasam 1]]
| அண்டாகாகசம்
| [[Star Vijay]]
| 14 August 2022
|
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#FFB200;textcolor:#000;" |'''March'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#FFFF99;"|'''19'''
| [[Oo Solriya Oo Oohm Solriya]]
| ஊ சொல்றியா ஓஓஓம் சொல்றியா
| [[Star Vijay]]
| 4 September 2022
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/tv-show-oo-solriya-oo-oohm-solriya-to-go-off-air-soon/articleshow/98649591.cms|title=TV show Oo Solriya Oo Oohm Solriya to go off-air soon|website=The Times of India|access-date=|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FFFF99;"|'''26'''
| [[Vasantham Star|Vasantham Star 2023]]
| வசந்தம் ஸ்டார் 2023
| [[Vasantham (TV channel)|Mediacorp Vasantham]]
| 1 1 January
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://cnalifestyle.channelnewsasia.com/entertainment/vasantham-star-2023-winner-navein-gunasekaran-353336|title=Who was crowned winner of singing competition Vasantham Star 2023? |publisher=cnalifestyle.channelnewsasia.com}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#FFB200;textcolor:#000;" |'''June'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#FFFF99;"|'''4'''
| [[Super Jodi]]
| சூப்பர் ஜோடி
| [[Zee Tamil]]
| 5 February 2023
|
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#FFB200;textcolor:#000;" |'''August'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#FFFF99;"|'''4'''
| [[Tamil Pechu Engal Moochu]]
| தமிழ் பேச்சு எங்க மூச்சு
| [[Star Vijay]]
| 16 April 2023
|
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;background:#FFB200;textcolor:#000;" |'''October'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#FFFF99;"|'''1'''
| [[Kadhanayagi]]
| காதநாயகி
| [[Star Vijay]]
| 29 July 2023
| <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wilson |date=2023-08-03 |title=TV show Kathanayaki to go off-air soon|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/tv-show-kathanayaki-to-go-off-air-soon/articleshow/103599398.cms|access-date=12 September 2023|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FFFF99;"|'''6'''
| [[Vanakkam Tamizha]]
| வணக்கம் தமிழா
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| 4 December 2017
|
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FFFF99;"|'''23'''
| [[Ready Steady Po]] 3
| ரெடி ஸ்டெடி போ 3
| [[Star Vijay]]
| 11 June 2023
|
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#FFB200;textcolor:#000;" |'''November'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#FFFF99;"|'''12'''
| [[Start Music season 4|Start Music 4]]
| ஸ்டார்ட் மியூசிக் 4
| [[Star Vijay]]
| 26 March 2023
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/tv-show-start-music-season-4-comes-to-an-end/articleshow/105185402.cms|title=TV show Start Music season 4 comes to an end|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=13 November 2023|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;background:#FFB200;textcolor:#000;" |'''December'''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#FFFF99;"|'''10'''
| Ranjithame 2
| ரஞ்சிதமே 2
|[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| 23 July 2023
|
|-
| [[Super Singer Junior season 9|Super Singer Junior 9]]
| சூப்பர் சிங்கர் ஜூனியர் சீசன் 9
| [[Star Vijay]]
| 8 July 2023
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Super Singer Junior Season 9: Shreenitha wins the title|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/super-singer-junior-season-9-shreenitha-wins-the-title-receives-trophy-rs-60-lahk-and-a-flat/articleshow/105895817.cms|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#FFFF99;"|'''17'''
| [[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Tamil Li'l Champs season 3|Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Lil Champs 3]]
| சா ரி க ம ப லிட்டில் சாம்பியன்ஸ் 3
| [[Zee Tamil]]
| 1 July 2023
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/sa-re-ga-ma-pa-lilchamp-season-3-grand-finale-kilmisha-lifts-the-trophy-wins-cash-reward-rs-10-lakh/articleshow/106079264.cms|title=Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Lil’champ season 3 grand finale: Kilmisha lifts the trophy; wins cash reward Rs 10 lakh|publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|access-date=18 December 2023|language=en}}</ref>
|}

==Milestone episodes==
===January–June===
{| class="wikitable" width="90%"
|-
! colspan="2" | Episode air date
! style="width:30%;" |Title
! style="width:30%;" |Tamil title
! style="width:20%;" |Network(s)
! style="width:20%;" |Episode
! Ref
|-
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center; background:#6da; textcolor:#000;" |'''January'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4;"|'''2'''
| Chellamma
| செல்லம்மா
| [[Star Vijay]]
| 200th
|
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4;"|'''10'''
| [[Pandian Stores]]
| பாண்டியன் ஸ்டோர்ஸ்
| [[Star Vijay]]
| 1000th
|
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4;"|'''20'''
| [[Ethirneechal (TV series)|Ethirneechal]]
| எதிர்நீச்சல்
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| 300th
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/television/ethirneechal-serial-celebrating-300-episodes-495339.html|title=சத்தம் இல்லாமல் எதிர்நீச்சல் சீரியல் செய்த சாதனை.. கொண்டாடிய நடிகர்கள்..காரணம் இதுதானாம்|website=tamil.oneindia.com|language=ta}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4;"|'''24'''
| Priyamaana Thozhi
| பிரியமான தோழி
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| 200th
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/this-is-the-secret-of-a-priyamana-thozhi-past-200-episodes-j-deepa-breaks-the-secret-131674532453197.html|title=200 எபிசோடு கடந்த பிரியமான தோழியின் ரகசியம் இதுதான் - ரகசியத்தை உடைத்த ஜெ.தீபா|website=Hindustan Times|language=ta}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4;"|'''27'''
| [[Thamizhum Saraswathiyum]]
| தமிழும் சரஸ்வதியும்
| [[Star Vijay]]
| 400th
|
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4;"|'''28'''
| [[Kaatrukkenna Veli (TV series)|Kaatrukkenna Veli]]
| காற்றுக்கென்ன வேலி
| [[Star Vijay]]
| 600th
|
|-
| rowspan="12" style="text-align:center; background:#6da; textcolor:#000;" |'''February'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4;"|'''2'''
| [[Kayal (TV series)|Kayal]]
| கயல்
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| 400th
|
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4;"|'''3'''
| Aruvi
| அருவி
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| 400th
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/popular-tv-show-aruvi-completes-400-episodes-heres-what-actors-karthick-vasu-and-jovita-livingston-jones-have-to-say/articleshow/97397949.cms|title=Popular TV show 'Aruvi' completes 400 episodes; here's what actors Karthick Vasu and Jovita Livingston Jones have to say|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[Abhiyum Naanum (TV series)|Abhiyum Naanum]]
| அபியும் நானும்
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| 700th
|
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4;"|'''4'''
| Kanne Kalaimaane
| கண்ணே கலைமானே
| [[Star Vijay]]
| 100th
|
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4;"|'''6'''
| [[Magarasi]]
| மகராசி
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| 900th
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/popular-tv-show-magarasi-completes-900-episodes-heres-what-actors-srithika-saneesh-and-aaryann-have-to-say/articleshow/98245437.cms|title=Popular TV show 'Magarasi' completes 900 episodes; here's what actors Srithika Saneesh and Aaryann have to say|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[Ilakkiya (2022 TV series)|Ilakkiya]]
| இலக்கியா
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| 100th
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/popular-tv-show-ilakkiya-completes-100-episodes-heres-what-actors-hima-bindhu-and-nandan-loganathan-have-to-say/articleshow/97640820.cms|title=Popular TV show 'Ilakkiya' completes 100 episodes; here's what actors Hima Bindhu and Nandan Loganathan have to say|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4;"|'''7'''
| [[Kannana Kanne (TV series)|Kannana Kanne]]
| கண்ணான கண்ணே
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| 700th
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/popular-tv-show-kannana-kanne-completes-700-episodes-heres-what-actors-nimeshika-radhakrishnan-and-babloo-prithiveeraj-have-to-say/articleshow/97479702.cms|title=Popular TV show 'Kannana Kanne' completes 700 episodes; here's what actors Nimeshika Radhakrishnan and Babloo Prithiveeraj have to say|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[Pandavar Illam]]
| பாண்டவர் இல்லம்
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| 1000th
|
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4;"|'''20'''
| Raja Rani 2
| ராஜா ராணி 2
| [[Star Vijay]]
| 600th
|
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4;"|'''23'''
| [[Anbe Vaa (2020 TV series)|Anbe Vaa]]
| அன்பே வா
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| 700th
|
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4;"|'''28'''
| Thirumagal
| திருமகள்
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| 700th
|
|-
| [[Amudhavum Annalakshmiyum]]
| அமுதவும் அன்னலட்சுமியும்
| [[Zee Tamil]]
| 200th
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/popular-tv-show-amudhavum-annalakshmiyum-completes-200-episodes-heres-what-actors-kanmani-manoharan-and-rajashree-have-to-say/articleshow/98301045.cms|title=Popular TV show 'Amudhavum Annalakshmiyum' completes 200 episodes; here's what actors Kanmani Manoharan and Rajashree have to say|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="9" style="text-align:center; background:#6da; textcolor:#000;" |'''March'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4;"|'''1'''
| Eeramana Rojave 2
| ஈரமான ரோஜாவே 2
| [[Star Vijay]]
| 300th
|
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4;"|'''2'''
| [[Rettai Roja]]
| இரட்டை ரோஜா
| [[Zee Tamil]]
| 1000th
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/daily-soap-rettai-roja-completes-1000-episodes-heres-what-lead-actors-chandhini-tamilarasan-and-akshay-kamal-have-to-say/articleshow/98383755.cms|title=Daily soap 'Rettai Roja' completes 1000 episodes; here's what lead actors Chandhini Tamilarasan and Akshay Kamal have to say|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4;"|'''9'''
| [[Sevvanthi (2022 TV series)|Sevvanthi]]
| செவ்வந்தி
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| 200th
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/popular-tv-show-sevvanthi-completes-200-episodes-heres-what-actors-divya-sridhar-and-nithin-iyer-have-to-say/articleshow/98515317.cms|title=Popular TV show 'Sevvanthi' completes 200 episodes; here's what actors Divya Sridhar and Nithin Iyer have to say|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4;"|'''16'''
| Maari
| மாறி
| [[Zee Tamil]]
| 200th
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/popular-tv-show-maari-completes-200-episodes-heres-what-actors-ashika-padukone-and-adarsh-have-to-say/articleshow/98686704.cms|title=Popular TV show 'Maari' completes 200 episodes; here's what actors Ashika Padukone and Adarsh have to say|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4;"|'''17'''
| [[Indira (2022 TV series)|Indira]]
| இந்திரா
| [[Zee Tamil]]
| 100th
|
|-
| Kanaa
| கனா
| [[Zee Tamil]]
| 100th
|
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4;"|'''24'''
| [[Rajini (TV series)|Rajini]]
| ரஜனி
| [[Zee Tamil]]
| 400th
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/popular-tv-show-ranjini-completes-400-episodes-actors-sanjeev-vishnu-vijay-and-akila-make-a-special-appearance/articleshow/98988556.cms|title=Popular TV show 'Ranjini' completes 400 episodes; Actors Sanjeev, Vishnu Vijay, and Akila make a special appearance|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4;"|'''30'''
| Thavamai Thavamirundhu
| தவமாய் தவமிருந்து
| [[Zee Tamil]]
| 300th
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/tv-show-thavamai-thavamirundhu-completes-300-episodes-actress-anitha-nair-shares-her-excitement/articleshow/99264583.cms|title=TV show 'Thavamai Thavamirundhu' completes 300 episodes; Actress Anitha Nair shares her excitement|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[Iniya (2022 TV series)|Iniya]]
| இனியா
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| 100th
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/tv-show-iniya-completes-100-episodes-heres-what-actors-alya-manasa-and-rishi-have-to-say/articleshow/99115879.cms|title=TV show 'Iniya' completes 100 episodes; here's what actors A|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#6da; textcolor:#000;" |'''April'''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4;"|'''20'''
| [[Ponni C/O Rani]]
| பொன்னி சி/ஓ ராணி
| [[Kalaignar TV]]
| 250th
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/popular-tv-show-ponni-c/o-rani-completes-250-episodes/articleshow/99640448.cms|title=Popular TV show 'Ponni C/O Rani' completes 250 episodes|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| Kannedhirey Thondrinal
| கண்ணெதிரே தோன்றினாள்
| [[Kalaignar TV]]
| 250th
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/malavika-avinash-swetha-khelge-starrer-kannedhirey-thondrinal-completes-250-episodes/articleshow/99657394.cms|title=Malavika Avinash-Swetha Khelge starrer ‘Kannedhirey Thondrinal’ completes 250 episodes|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#6da; textcolor:#000;" |'''May'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4;"|'''10'''
| [[Pandian Stores]]
| பாண்டியன் ஸ்டோர்ஸ்
| [[Star Vijay]]
| 1200th
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/popular-tv-show-pandian-stores-completes-1200-episodes-heres-what-actors-venkat-ranganathan-and-hema-raj-have-to-say/articleshow/100119213.cms|title=Popular TV show 'Pandian Stores' completes 1200 episodes; episodes; here's what actors Venkat Ranganathan and Hema Raj have to say|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/vijay-tvs-pandian-stores-completes-1200-episodes-see-pics-of-celebration-on-sets-7809871.html|title=Vijay TV’s Pandian Stores completes 1200 episodes, see pics of celebration on sets|website=news18.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4;"|'''20'''
| Priyamaana Thozhi
| பிரியமான தோழி
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| 300th
|
|-
| [[Ethirneechal (TV series)|Ethirneechal]]
| எதிர்நீச்சல்
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| 400th
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/popular-tv-show-ethirneechal-completes-400-episodes-actors-priyadarshini-neelakandan-and-haripriya-isai-express-happiness/articleshow/100294042.cms|title=Popular TV show 'Ethirneechal' completes 400 episodes; actor Priyadarshini Neelakandan and Haripriya Isai express happiness|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#6da; textcolor:#000;" |'''June'''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4;"|'''17'''
| [[Ponni C/O Rani]]
| பொன்னி சி/ஓ ராணி
| [[Kalaignar TV]]
| 300th
|-
| Kannedhirey Thondrinal
| கண்ணெதிரே தோன்றினாள்
| [[Kalaignar TV]]
| 300th
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4;"|'''20'''
| [[Thalattu (TV series)|Thalattu]]
| தாலாட்டு
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| 700th
|-
|}

===July–December===
{| class="wikitable" width="90%"
|-
! colspan="2" | Episode air date
! style="width:30%;" |Title
! style="width:30%;" |Tamil title
! style="width:20%;" |Network(s)
! style="width:20%;" |Episode
! Ref
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#6da; textcolor:#000;" |'''October'''
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4;"|'''13'''
| [[Ponni C/O Rani]]
| பொன்னி சி/ஓ ராணி
| [[Kalaignar TV]]
| 400th
|-
| Kannedhirey Thondrinal
| கண்ணெதிரே தோன்றினாள்
| [[Kalaignar TV]]
| 400th
|-
| Ranjithame
| ரஞ்சிதமே
| [[Kalaignar TV]]
| 75th
|-
| [[Kizhakku Vaasal (TV series)|Kizhakku Vasal]]
| கிழக்கு வாசல்
| [[Star Vijay]]
| 50th
|
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#6da; textcolor:#000;" |'''December'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4;"|'''8'''
| [[Anandha Ragam (TV series)|Anandha Ragam]]
| ஆனந்தராகம்
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| 400th
|
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4;"|'''19'''
| [[Baakiyalakshmi]]
| பாக்கியலட்சுமி
| [[Star Vijay]]
| 1000th
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Daily soap 'Baakiyalakshmi' completes 1000 episodes|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/daily-soap-baakiyalakshmi-completes-1000-episodes/articleshow/106081900.cms|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|language=en}}</ref>
|}

==Movie premieres of 2023==
===January===
{| class="wikitable" width="65%"
|-
! Date
! Film name
! Channel
! Notes
! Ref
|-
| rowspan="7" | '''1'''
|-
| [[Cobra (2022 film)|Cobra]]
| [[Kalaignar TV]]
| rowspan="6" | [[New Year]] premieres
| <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 April 2022 |title=VIKRAM'S MUCH-AWAITED COBRA TO AIR ON THIS POPULAR CHANNEL – DETAILS! |url=https://m.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/vikram-cobra-movie-satellite-tv-rights-bagged-by-kalaigner-tv.html?ref=google.ae |access-date=12 May 2022 |archive-date=23 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423054750/https://m.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/vikram-cobra-movie-satellite-tv-rights-bagged-by-kalaigner-tv.html?ref=google.ae |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Agent Kannayiram]]
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.behindwoods.com/ta/tamil-movies-cinema-news-ta/agent-kannayiram-satellite-digital-rights-bagged-by-suntv-sunnxt.html?ref=google.ae|title=இளம் ஹீரோயினுடன் சந்தானம் நடிக்கும் புதிய படம்.. OTT & TV உரிமத்தை கைப்பற்றிய பிரபல நிறுவனம்!|date=5 October 2022 |access-date=5 October 2022}}</ref>
|-
| [[Bhamakalapam (film)|Bhamakalapam]]
| [[Colors Tamil]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.medianews4u.com/colors-tamil-to-air-wtp-of-comedy-crime-thriller-bhamakalapam-this-new-year/|title=Colors Tamil to air WTP of comedy-crime thriller 'Bhamakalapam' this New Year|date=30 December 2022 |publisher=medianews4u.com|access-date=|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2023/01/colors-tamil-presents-world-television-premiere-of-comedycrime-thriller-movie-bhamakalapam-|title=Colors Tamil presents world television premiere of comedy-crime thriller movie 'Bhamakalapam'|date=2 January 2023 |publisher=bestmediainfo.com|access-date=|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[Sita Ramam]]
| [[Star Vijay]]
|
|-
| [[3:33 (film)|3:33]]
| [[Vasanth TV]]
|
|-
| [[Kalathur Gramam]]
| [[Polimer TV]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''8'''
| [[Ponniyin Selvan: I]]
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|
|
|-
| [[Vilangu (TV series)|Vilangu]]
| [[Zee Tamil]]
| Web series premiere
|
|-
| rowspan="1" | '''14'''
| [[Bheeshma Parvam|Bheeshma]]
| [[Star Vijay]]
| Dubbed version of Malayalam movie
|
|-
| rowspan="5" | '''15'''
| [[Love Today (2022 film)|Love Today]]
| [[Kalaignar TV]]
| rowspan="7" | [[Pongal (festival)|Pongal]] premieres
|
|-
| [[Vendhu Thanindhathu Kaadu]]
| [[Kalaignar TV]]
|
|-
| [[Coffee with Kadhal]]
| [[Zee Tamil]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/ana72695769/status/1573665307495141376|title=Tamil Cinema Updates on Twitter: "Media Rights Official Update 📢📢📢 #CoffeeWithKaadhal Satellite & Digital Rights Acquired By @ZeeTamil & @Zee5|access-date=24 September 2022|archive-date=20 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120134853/https://twitter.com/ana72695769/status/1573665307495141376|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Kantara (film)|Kantara]]
| [[Star Vijay]]
|
|-
| [[Pattampoochi (2022 film)|Pattampoochi]]
| [[Murasu TV]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''16'''
| [[Laththi]]
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/laththi-this-leading-ott-platform-has-bagged-the-digital-rights-of-vishals-much-awaited-action-drama/7cb2bba22f192|title=Laththi: THIS leading OTT platform has bagged the digital rights of Vishal's much-awaited action drama|website=OTTplay}}</ref>
|-
| [[Kaari (film)|Kaari]]
| [[Zee Tamil]]
| <ref>{{Cite web|date=23 October 2022|title=Sasikumar's 'Kaari' to release on December 23 in OTT
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sasikumars-kaari-to-release-on-december-23-in-ott/articleshow/96342799.cms|website=Times Of India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" | '''17'''
| [[Nitham Oru Vaanam]]
| [[Colors Tamil]]
|
|
|-
|}

===February===
{| class="wikitable" width="65%"
|-
! Date
! Film name
! Channel
! Notes
! Ref
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''5'''
| [[60 Vayadu Maaniram]]
| [[Colors Tamil]]
|
| <ref>{{Cite web|title=Colors Tamil presents WTP of ‘60 Vaayadu Maaniram‘ on 5th February
|url=https://www.medianews4u.com/colors-tamil-presents-wtp-of-60-vaayadu-maaniram-on-5th-february/|website=medianews4u.com}}</ref>
|-
| [[Naan Mirugamaai Maara]]
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|
| <ref>{{Cite web|date=28 October 2022|title=Naan Mirugamai Maara: THIS popular OTT platform has bagged the digital rights of the Sasikumar-starrer|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/naan-mirugamai-maara-this-popular-ott-platform-has-bagged-the-digital-rights-of-the-sasikumar-starrer/c9bd7a30d2601|website=[[OTT Play]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" | '''12'''
| [[Oru Adaar Love]]
| [[Colors Tamil]]
|
| <ref>{{Cite web|title=Colors Tamil to air WTP of rom-com ‘Oru Adaar Love’ on 12th February|url=https://www.medianews4u.com/colors-tamil-to-air-wtp-of-rom-com-oru-adaar-love-on-12th-february/|website=medianews4u.com}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" | '''15'''
| [[Mirugaa]]
| [[Zee Tamil]]
|
| <ref>{{Cite web|title=Actor Srikanth’s ‘Mirugaa’ set for its world television premiere soon|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/actor-srikanths-mirugaa-set-for-its-world-television-premiere-soon/articleshow/97870845.cms?from=mdr|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" | '''17'''
| [[Mamangam (film)|Mamangam]]
| [[Zee Thirai]]
|
| <ref>{{Cite web|title=Mammootty’s ‘Mamangam’ set for its World TV premiere soon|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/mammoottys-mamangam-set-for-its-world-tv-premiere-soon/articleshow/97837605.cms?from=mdr|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" | '''19'''
| [[Kuruthi Aattam]]
| [[Colors Tamil]]
|
| <ref>{{Cite web|title=Colors Tamil presents WTP of ‘Kuruthi Aattam’ on 19th February|url=https://www.medianews4u.com/colors-tamil-presents-wtp-of-kuruthi-aattam-on-19th-february/|website=medianews4u.com}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''26'''
| [[Thuppakki Munai]]
| [[Colors Tamil]]
|
| <ref>{{Cite web|title=Colors Tamil presents WTP of ‘Thuppakki Munai’ on 26th February|url=https://www.medianews4u.com/colors-tamil-presents-wtp-of-thuppakki-munai-on-26th-february/|website=medianews4u.com}}</ref>
|-
| [[Raangi]]
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|
| <ref>{{Cite web|title=Tamil TV Satellites Rights on Twitter: #Raangi Satellite & Digital Rights With #SunTV & #SunNXT|url=https://mobile.twitter.com/TTSR_Official/status/1595426237430001672|access-date=23 November 2022|archive-date=20 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120134853/https://mobile.twitter.com/TTSR_Official/status/1595426237430001672|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

===March===
{| class="wikitable" width="65%"
|-
! Date
! Film name
! Channel
! Notes
! Ref
|-
| rowspan="1" | '''5'''
| [[Sita Ramam]]
| [[Zee Tamil]]
|
| <ref>{{Cite web|title=Dulquer Salmaan and Rashmika Mandanna’s ‘Sita Ramam’ set for its World TV premiere
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/dulquer-salmaan-and-rashmika-mandannas-sita-ramam-set-for-its-world-tv-premiere/articleshow/98364046.cms?from=mdr|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" | '''8'''
| Kannitheevu
| [[Colors Tamil]]
| Direct television premiere
| <ref>{{Cite web|title=Colors Tamil brings direct television premiere of ‘Kannitheevu’ on Women’s day
|url=https://www.medianews4u.com/colors-tamil-brings-direct-television-premiere-of-kannitheevu-on-womens-day/|website=medianews4u.com}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" | '''11'''
| [[DSP (film)|DSP]]
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/vijay-sethupathis-dsp-the-digital-rights-of-the-action-packed-cop-drama-has-been-bagged-by-this-platform/033666f3fc544|title=Vijay Sethupathi's DSP: The digital rights of the action-packed cop drama has been bagged by THIS platform|website=[[OTT Play]]|date=26 November 2022}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''12'''
| [[Indrajith (2017 film)|Indrajith]]
| [[Colors Tamil]]
|
| <ref>{{Cite web|title=Colors Tamil presents WTP of action-adventure film ‘Indrajith’ on 12th March|url=https://www.medianews4u.com/colors-tamil-presents-wtp-of-action-adventure-film-indrajith-on-12th-march/|website=medianews4u.com}}</ref>
|-
| [[DSP (film)|DSP]]
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|
| <ref>{{Cite web|title=Vijay Sethupathy-Anukreethy Vas starrer ‘DSP’ set for its world TV premiere|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/vijay-sethupathy-anukreethy-vas-starrer-dsp-set-for-its-world-tv-premiere/articleshow/98541231.cms?from=mdr|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''26'''
| Ellam Mela Irukuravan Paathupan
| [[Colors Tamil]]
|
| <ref>{{Cite web|title=Colors Tamil to present direct television premiere of ‘Ellam Mela Irukuravan Paathupan’ movie|url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2023/03/colors-tamil-to-present-direct-television-premiere-of-ellam-mela-irukuravan-paathupan-movie|website=medianews4u.com}}</ref>
|-
| [[Brahmāstra: Part One – Shiva]]
| [[Star Vijay]]
|
| <ref>{{Cite web|title=Disney Star Network to present world television premiere of ‘Brahmāstra: Part One: Shiva’|url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2023/03/disney-star-network-to-present-world-television-premiere-of-brahmstra-part-one-shiva-|website=medianews4u.com}}</ref>
|-
|}

===April===
{| class="wikitable" width="65%"
|-
! Date
! Film name
! Channel
! Notes
! Ref
|-
| rowspan="1" | '''9'''
| [[Valimai]]
| [[Zee Tamil]]
|
| <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ajith Kumar and Karthikeya starer ‘Valimai’ set for its TV premiere on April 9|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/ajith-kumar-and-karthikeya-starer-valimai-set-for-its-tv-premiere-on-april-9/articleshow/99088372.cms?from=mdr|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
|-
| rowspan="3" | '''14'''
| [[Varisu]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|
| <ref>{{Cite web|title=Vijay and Rashmika Mandanna starrer 'Varisu' set for World Television Premiere on April 14|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/vijay-and-rashmika-mandanna-starrer-varisu-set-for-world-television-premiere-on-april-14/articleshow/99430737.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| [[Naai Sekar Returns]]
|
| <ref>{{Cite web|title=Vadivelu and Shivani Narayanan starrer ‘Naai Sekar Returns’ set for World Television premiere on April 14|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/vadivelu-and-shivani-narayanan-starrer-naai-sekar-returns-set-for-world-television-premiere-on-april-14/articleshow/99403479.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| [[Raja Magal (film)|Raja Magal]]
| [[Colors Tamil]]
|
| <ref>{{Cite web|title=Colors Tamil celebrates Tamil new year with WTP of Rajamagal|url=https://www.medianews4u.com/colors-tamil-celebrates-tamil-new-year-with-wtp-of-rajamagal/|website=medianews4u.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Colors Tamil to present world television premiere of ‘Rajamagal’ movie|url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2023/04/colors-tamil-to-present-world-television-premiere-of-rajamagal-movie|website=bestmediainfo.com}}</ref>
|-
|}

===May===
{| class="wikitable" width="65%"
|-
! Date
! Film name
! Channel
! Notes
! Ref
|-
| rowspan="1" | '''7'''
| [[Vaathi]]
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|
| <ref>{{cite news |date=17 January 2023 |title=Netflix to stream 18 new Tamil films in 2023 in its attempt to serve regional language cinema fans |website=[[The Economic Times]] |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/netflix-to-stream-18-new-tamil-films-in-2023-in-its-attempt-to-serve-regional-language-cinema-fans/articleshow/97052291.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |access-date=17 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117083308/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/netflix-to-stream-18-new-tamil-films-in-2023-in-its-attempt-to-serve-regional-language-cinema-fans/articleshow/97052291.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=17 January 2023}}</ref>
|}

===June===
{| class="wikitable" width="65%"
|-
! Date
! Film name
! Channel
! Notes
! Ref
|-
| rowspan="1" | '''30'''
| [[Boo (2023 film)|Boo]]
| [[Colors Tamil]]
|
| <ref>{{Cite web|date=28 July 2023|title=SHorror Film Boo Premieres On Colors Tamil TV, Director AL Vijay Shares Insights|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/horror-film-boo-premieres-on-colors-tamil-tv-director-al-vijay-shares-insights-8447887.html|website=www.news18.com}}</ref>
|}

===July===
{| class="wikitable" width="65%"
|-
! Date
! Film name
! Channel
! Notes
! Ref
|-
| rowspan="1" | '''16'''
| [[Pattathu Arasan]]
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|
|
|-
|}

===August===
{| class="wikitable" width="65%"
|-
! Date
! Film name
! Channel
! Notes
! Ref
|-
| rowspan="1" | '''13'''
| [[Ponniyin Selvan: II]]
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|
| <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 April 2022 |title=Amazon Prime Video Bags OTT Rights For Mani Ratnam's Ponniyin Selvan 1 |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/amazon-prime-video-bags-ott-rights-for-mani-ratnams-ponniyin-selvan-1-5076151.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630171238/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/amazon-prime-video-bags-ott-rights-for-mani-ratnams-ponniyin-selvan-1-5076151.html |archive-date=30 June 2022 |access-date=30 June 2022 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''15'''
| [[Kasethan Kadavulada (2023 film)|Kasethan Kadavulada]]
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|
| <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2022 |title=Kaasethaan Kadavulada, a comic caper, is expected to hit the screens soon |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/kaasethaan-kadavulada-the-ott-rights-of-shiva-priya-anand-starrer-has-been-bagged-by-this-digital-platform/00803a820e368 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922132825/https://www.ottplay.com/news/kaasethaan-kadavulada-the-ott-rights-of-shiva-priya-anand-starrer-has-been-bagged-by-this-digital-platform/00803a820e368 |archive-date=22 September 2022 |access-date=30 September 2022 |website=[[OTTPlay]]}}</ref>
|-
| Kumari Mavattathin Thugs
| [[Colors Tamil]]
|
|
|-
|}

===September===
{| class="wikitable" width="65%"
|-
! Date
! Film name
! Channel
! Notes
! Ref
|-
| rowspan="1" | '''17'''
| [[Rudhran]]
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|
| <ref>{{Cite web|date=14 April 2023|title=Rudhran: THIS digital platform has bagged the OTT rights of Raghava Lawrence's revenge drama|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/rudhran-this-digital-platform-has-bagged-the-ott-rights-of-raghava-lawrences-revenge-drama/eec2716ab874|website=[[OTTplay]]|access-date=27 April 2023|archive-date=27 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427105538/https://www.ottplay.com/news/rudhran-this-digital-platform-has-bagged-the-ott-rights-of-raghava-lawrences-revenge-drama/eec2716ab874|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" | '''24'''
| [[Bagheera (2023 film)|Bagheera]]
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bagheera: THIS platform has bagged the digital rights of Prabhu Deva's film |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/bagheera-this-leading-ott-platform-has-bagged-the-digital-rights-of-prabhu-devas-forthcoming-thriller-flick/25e96f5677608 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302083451/https://www.ottplay.com/news/bagheera-this-leading-ott-platform-has-bagged-the-digital-rights-of-prabhu-devas-forthcoming-thriller-flick/25e96f5677608 |archive-date=2 March 2023 |access-date=2 March 2023 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

===October===
{| class="wikitable" width="65%"
|-
! Date
! Film name
! Channel
! Notes
! Ref
|-
| rowspan="1" | '''23'''
| [[Maaveeran (2023 film)|Maaveeran]]
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|
| <ref>{{Cite news |date=9 March 2023 |title=Makers of Sivakarthikeyan's 'Maaveeran' seal a digital streaming partner for a record price |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/makers-of-sivakarthikeyans-maaveeran-seal-a-digital-streaming-partner-for-a-record-price/articleshow/98510241.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |access-date=16 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309132929/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/makers-of-sivakarthikeyans-maaveeran-seal-a-digital-streaming-partner-for-a-record-price/articleshow/98510241.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=9 March 2023}}</ref>
|}

===November===
{| class="wikitable" width="65%"
|-
! Date
! Film name
! Channel
! Notes
! Ref
|-
| rowspan="1" | '''5'''
| [[Mumbaikar (film)|Mumbaikar]]
| [[Colors Tamil]]
| Hindi-language film
|
|-
| rowspan="1" | '''12'''
| [[Jailer (2023 Tamil film)|Jailer]]
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|
|
|-
| rowspan="1" | '''26'''
| [[Appatha]]
| [[Colors Tamil]]
|
| <ref>{{Cite web|date=24 November 2023|title=Colors Tamil to air World TV premiere of Urvashi’s 700th film ‘Appatha’|url=https://www.medianews4u.com/colors-tamil-to-air-world-tv-premiere-of-urvashis-700th-film-appatha/|website=www.medianews4u.com}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Deaths==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Date
!Name
!Age
!Broadcast credibility
!Refe
|-
| 15 February
| Hari
| align=center|29
| Television actor
| <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://time.news/kharunkenna-veli-serial-actor-commits-suicide-the-small-screen-community-is-in-shock/|title=Kharunkenna Veli serial actor commits suicide… The small screen community is in shock|work=|date=16 February 2023 |accessdate=16 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://tamil.asianetnews.com/gallery/cinema/kaatrukkenna-veli-serial-actor-hari-shocking-death-rq5zp2#image4|title=விஜய் டிவி 'காற்றுக்கென்ன வேலி' சீரியல் நடிகர் தூக்கிட்டு தற்கொலை..! அதிர்ச்சியில் மூழ்கிய ரசிகர்கள்..!|work=|date=16 February 2023 |accessdate=16 February 2023}}</ref>
|-
| 19 February
| [[Mayilsamy]]
| align=center|57
| Actor
| <ref>{{Cite news |date=19 February 2023 |title=Kollywood mourns the demise of actor Mayilsamy |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kollywood-mourns-the-demise-of-actor-mayilsamy/articleshow/98056433.cms?from=mdr |access-date=19 February 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| 21 March
| Kovai Guna
| align=center|60
| Stand-up comedian
| <ref>{{Cite news |title=Kalakka Povathu Yaaru Champions judge Madurai Muthu|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/kalakka-povathu-yaaru-champions-judge-madurai-muthu-pays-tribute-to-kovai-guna-says-my-friend-kovai-guna-is-successful-in-presenting-his-own-style-of-comedy-acting/articleshow/98877873.cms}}</ref>
|-
| 4 April
| [[Rockstar Ramani Ammal]]
| align=center|69
| Folk and playback singer
| <ref>{{cite news |last1=Palanichamy |first1=Saravanan |title=Ramani Ammal Passes Away At The Age Of 69: The Astonishing Voice Of 'Thandatti Karuppayi' Song Is No More! |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/tamil/news/2023/ramani-ammal-passes-away-at-the-age-of-69-the-astonishing-voice-of-thandatti-karuppayi-song-is-no-350173.html |access-date=4 April 2023 |website=Filmi Beat |date=4 April 2023}}</ref>
|-
| 3 May
| [[Manobala]]
| align=center|69
| Actor, producer, film director, comedian
| <ref>{{cite news |title=Tamil actor-director Manobala passes away in Chennai |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2023/05/03/tamil-actor-director-manobala-passes-away.html |access-date=3 May 2023 |work=[[Onmanorama]] |date=3 May 2023 |archive-date=3 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503090745/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2023/05/03/tamil-actor-director-manobala-passes-away.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 15 May
| Vijaylakshmi
| align=center|
| Actress
| <ref>{{Cite news |title=Arun Prasath on senior actress Vijaya Lakshmi's demise: A great loss to our Tele-fraternity|work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/arun-prasath-on-senior-actress-vijaya-lakshmis-demise-a-great-loss-to-our-tele-fraternity/articleshow/100266929.cms|access-date=16 May 2023}}</ref>
|-
| 8 September
| [[G. Marimuthu]]
| align=center|
| Film director, actor
| <ref>{{cite news |date=8 September 2023 |title=Ethirneechal Marimuthu Passes away |work=ABP News. |url=https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/ethirneechal-yemma-yei-fame-marimuthu-adhi-gunasekaran-passes-away-139399 |access-date=8 September 2023 |archive-date=8 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908051136/https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/ethirneechal-yemma-yei-fame-marimuthu-adhi-gunasekaran-passes-away-139399 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[2024 in Tamil television]]
* [[2022 in Tamil television]]
* [[2021 in Tamil television]]
* [[2020 in Tamil television]]
* [[2019 in Tamil television]]
* [[Television in Tamil language]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Tamil Television}}
{{Years in TV by country|2023}}

[[Category:2023 in Tamil-language television]]

Bhadrabāhu

2026-02-05T02:34:33Z

Srcsdoon: put up a article

{{Short description|Indian Jain monk and teacher (c. 367–298 BCE)}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{other uses|Bhadrabahu (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2013}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| honorific-prefix = Acharya
| honorific-suffix = Swami/Suri
| image = Chandragupta Maurya and Bhadrabahu - at the entrance to Chandragupta Basadi (cropped).jpg
| alt = Bhadrabahu
| caption = Sculpture of Chandragupta Maurya (left) and [[Bhadrabahu]] (right) at [[Chandragupta Basadi]]
| religion = [[Jainism]]
| sect = [[Digambara]] and [[Śvetāmbara]]
| birth_date = c. 367 BCE
| birth_place = [[Pundravardhana]]
| death_date = c. 298 BCE
| death_place = [[Shravanabelagola]]
| initiator = Govarddhana Mahamuni (Digambara) 
by Acharya Yashobhadrasuri (Śvetāmbara)
| works = [[Uvasagharam Stotra]], [[Kalpa Sutra]]
| initiated_label = Ascetics initiated
| initiated = [[Chandragupta Maurya]] (Digambara) 
Sthavir Godas, Sthavir Agnidatt, Sthavir Yagnadatt, Sthavir Somdatt (Śvetāmbara)
| successor = Acharya Vishakha (Digambara) 
[[Sthulabhadra|Acharya Sthulabhadrasuri]] (Śvetāmbara)
}}
{{Jainism}}
'''Ācārya Bhadrabāhu''' (c. 367 – c. 298 BC) was a [[Jain monk]] and scholar, traditionally regarded as the last ''[[Shrutakevalin|Shruta Kevalin]]'', or the final ascetic to possess complete knowledge of the Jain scriptures. According to both sects of [[Jainism]], he was the last Shrutakevali.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Fynes|first1=F.C.C.|title=Hemachandra The Lives of Jain Elders|date=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press, Oxford World Classics|location=Oxford|isbn=0-19-283227-1|page=xxi|edition=1998}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Bhattacharyya|first1=N.N.|title=Jainism, a Concise Encyclopedia|date=2009|publisher=Manohar Publishers and Distributors|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-7304-312-3|page=235}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jain |first=Jagdish Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ObUAAAAMAAJ&q=kalpasutra+sthaviravali+bhadrabahu+-wikipedia |title=Life in Ancient India: As Depicted in the Jain Canon and Commentaries, 6th Century BC to 17th Century AD |date=1984 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |language=en}}</ref> He is widely known as the spiritual guru of [[Chandragupta Maurya]].{{sfn|Wiley|2009|p=51}}

According to the [[Digambara]] tradition, he was the spiritual teacher of [[Chandragupta Maurya]], the founder of the [[Maurya Empire]].{{sfn|Wiley|2009|p=51}} According to the ''Digambara'' sect of Jainism, there were five ''Shruta Kevalins'' in Jainism – Govarddhana Mahamuni, Vishnu, Nandimitra, Aparajita and Bhadrabahu.{{sfn|Rice|1889|p=3}}

According to the [[Śvetāmbara]] tradition, he was the author of the holy [[Kalpa Sūtra]],<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IjVCAQAAMAAJ&dq=kalpasutra+sthaviravali+bhadrabahu+-wikipedia&pg=PA257 |title=Indian Antiquary |date=1910 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |language=en}}</ref> which describes the life of [[Mahavira]] and other [[Tirthankara|Tirthankaras]]. It also lists down a [[Pattavali|Sthaviravali]] (a succession list of the names of the head of the Jain monastic order according to Śvetāmbaras, starting with Mahavira's [[Ganadhara]] (disciple) [[Sudharmaswami]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jaina Sutras, Part I (SBE22): Lives of the Ginas: List of the Sthaviras |url=https://sacred-texts.com/jai/sbe22/sbe2290.htm |access-date=2024-04-02 |website=sacred-texts.com}}</ref> Śvetāmbaras consider Bhadrabahusuri to be a [[Ācārāṅga Sūtra|Sthavirkalpi]] monk (as described in the [[Ācārāṅga Sūtra]], the Kalpa Sūtra, and the [[Sthananga Sutra]]), and thus, white-clad. Śvetāmbaras also consider him to have had been a [[Shrutakevalin|''Shruta Kevalin'']].

==Early life==
[[File:MET DP154821.jpg|thumb|Bhadrabahuswami]]
Bhadrabahu was born in [[Pundravardhana]] (roughly equivalent to modern [[North Bengal]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Majumdar|first1=R.C.|title=History of Ancient Bengal|date=1971|publisher=G.Bharadwaj & Co.|location=Calcutta|page=12 & 13|edition=1971}}</ref>) to a [[Jain Brahmans|Jain-Brahman]] family (In Jain philosophy, a pratimādhārī shravaka—a layperson with vows—is considered a Brahman or Bamana)<ref name="jaini" /> during which time the secondary capital of the [[Maurya Empire|Mauryas]] was [[Ujjain]]. When he was seven, Govarddhana Mahamuni predicted that he will be the last ''Shruta Kevali'' and took him along for his initial education.{{sfn|Rice|1889|p=3}} According to ''[[Śvētāmbara]]'' tradition, he lived from 433 BC to 357 BC.{{sfn|Vidyabhusana|2006|p=164}} ''[[Digambara]]'' tradition dates him to have died in 365 BC.{{sfn|Vidyabhusana|2006|p=164–165}} Natubhai Shah dated him from 322 to 243 BC.{{sfn|Natubhai Shah|2004|p=42}}

Yasobhadra (351-235 BC), leader of the religious order reorganised by [[Mahavira]], had two principle disciples, Sambhutavijaya (347-257 BC) and Bhadrabahu.{{sfn|Natubhai Shah|2004|p=42}} After his death the religious order was led by Sambhutivijaya. After Sambhutivijaya's death, Bhadrabahu became the head of the monastic order.{{sfn|Natubhai Shah|2004|p=42}}

== Digambara biography and explanation of sixteen dreams of Chandragupta ==
[[File:Bhadrabahu Goopha on Chandragiri.JPG|thumb|Bhadrabahu Guha on [[Chandragiri]]]]
[[File:Jain Inscription.jpg|thumb|Late inscription at [[Shravanabelagola]] describing the incoming of Bhadrabahu and [[Chandragupta Maurya]]]]
The [[Digambara]] sect believes that on the night of full moon in the month of ''Kartik'', [[Chandragupta Maurya]] (founder and ruler of [[Maurya Empire]]) saw sixteen dreams, which were then explained to him by ''Acharya'' Bhadrabahu.{{sfn|Rice|1889|p=4}}

{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-text"
|-
! Dream of Chandragupta !! Explanation by Bhadrabahu
|-
| The sun setting || All the knowledge will be darkened
|-
| A branch of the [[Kalpavriksha]] break off and fall || Decline of [[Jainism]] and Chandragupta's successors won't be initiated
|-
| A divine car descending in the sky and returning || The heavenly beings will not visit Bharata Kshetra
|-
| The disk of the moon sundered || [[Jainism]] will be split into two sects
|-
| Black [[Elephant|elephants]] fighting || Lesser rains and poorer crops
|-
| Fireflies shining in the twilight || True knowledge will be lost, few sparks will glimmer with feeble light
|-
| A dried up lake || Aryakhanda will be destitute of Jain doctrines and falsehood will increase
|-
| Smoke filling all the air || Evil will start to prevail and goodness will be hidden
|-
| An [[ape]] sitting on a throne || Vile, low-born, wicked will acquire power
|-
| A [[dog]] eating the payasa out of a golden bowl || Kings, not content with a sixth share, will introduce land-rent and oppress their subjects by increasing it
|-
| Young bulls labouring || Young will form religious purposes, but forsake them when old
|-
| [[Kshatriya]] boys riding donkeys || Kings of high descent will associate with the base
|-
| [[Monkey|Monkeys]] scaring away swans || The low will torment the noble and try to reduce them to same level
|-
| Calves jumping over the sea || King will assist in oppressing the people by levying unlawful taxes
|-
| [[Fox|Foxes]] pursuing old oxen || The low, with hollow compliments, will get rid of the noble, the good and the wise
|-
| A twelve-headed serpent approaching || Twelve year of death and famine will come upon this land{{sfn|Sangave|2001|p=174}}
|}

Bhadrabahu was in Nepal for a 12-year penitential vow when the Pataliputra conference took place in 300 BC to put together the Jain canon anew. Bhadrabahu decided the famine would make it harder for monks to survive and migrated with a group of twelve thousand disciples to [[South India]],{{sfn|Dundas|2002|p=47}}{{sfn|Rice|1889|p=5}} A 6th-7th century inscription from Shravanabelagola mentions that [[Chandragupta Maurya|Chandragupta]] became a [[Digambar monk]] under the guidance of Bhadrabahu, who is referred to in the record as ''Prabhachandra''.{{sfn|Mookerji|1988|p=40}}{{sfn|Sangave|2001|p=174}}

According to the inscriptions at [[Shravanabelagola|Shravanabelgola]], Bhadrabahu died after taking the vow of [[sallekhana]] (Fast until death).{{sfn|Sangave|1981|p=32}}

''Digambara'' monks belong to the lineage of ''Acharya'' Vishakha and ''Śvetāmbara'' monks follow the tradition of ''Acharya'' [[Sthulabhadra]].{{sfn|Natubhai Shah|2004|p=39}} However, the theory that the schism occurred at that time has not been historically proven.

== Śvetāmbara biography ==
According to [[Śvetāmbara|Śvetāmbaras]], Bhadrabahusuri was the author of the ''[[Kalpa Sūtra]]'',{{sfn|Mookerji|1988|p=4}} four Cheda sutras, the ''niryukti collection'' on ten scriptures,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leumann |first=Ernst |title=Outline of Avasyaka Literature |url=https://jainqq.org/explore/006911/159}}</ref> and [[Uvasaggaharam Stotra]].{{sfn|Wiley|2009|p=52}}<ref name="jaini" /> The 10 ''niryuktis'' authored by him are: -

# Āvaśyaka-Niryukti
# Daśavaikālika-Niryukti
# Uttarādhyayana-Niryukti
# Āchārāṅga-Niryukti
# Sutrakritanga-Niryukti
# Daśāśrutaskandha-Niryukti
# Kalpa-Niryukti
# Vyavahāra-Niryukti
# Sūryaprajnapti-Niryukti
# Ṛṣibhāṣita-Niryukti

[[Śvetāmbara|Śvetāmbaras]] believe Bhadrabahu's principle disciples were Sthavir Godas, Sthavir Agnidatt, Sthavir Yagnadatt, and Sthavir Somdatt. However, in the [[Pattavali]] of [[Kalpa Sūtra]], he is said to have been succeeded by [[Sthulabhadra|Acharya Sthulabhadrasuri]].

He is believed to have been a [[Ācārāṅga Sūtra|Sthavirkalpi]] monk and white-clad as [[Śvetāmbara|Śvetāmbaras]] believe that the only other way for monks (known as [[Ācārāṅga Sūtra|Jinakalpa]]) or the practice of being a [[Ācārāṅga Sūtra|Jinakalpi]] monk had become extinct after [[Jambuswami]] attained ''nirvana.''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jaini |first=Padmanabh S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=abnADwAAQBAJ&dq=%22sthavirakalpa%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA102 |title=Gender and Salvation: Jaina Debates on the Spiritual Liberation of Women |date=2018-08-14 |publisher=Univ of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-30296-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Utz |first1=David Anthony |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-sAoAAAAYAAJ&q=jinakalpa+extinct+-wikipedia |title=Identity and Division in Cults and Sects in South Asia |last2=Gaeffke |first2=Peter |date=1984 |publisher=Department of South Asia Regional Studies |isbn=978-0-936115-00-9 |language=en}}</ref> Therefore, [[Śvetāmbara|Śvetāmbaras]] hold that he was Sthavirkalpi and thus, white-clad.

Śvetāmbaras believe that Bhadrabāhu is the author of the following texts within the official Śvetāmbaras scriptural canon (typically consisting of 45 texts).<ref name="ThatWhichIs">{{cite book |title=That Which Is |first=Nathmal |last=Tatia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Rw4RwN9Q1kC |year=1994 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-0-06-068985-8 |page=294}}</ref>
*''Vyavahāra'' (3rd Chedasūtra)
*8th chapter of ''Daśāśrutaskandha'' (4th Chedasūtra)
*''Kappa'' (5th Chedasūtra)
*''Piṇḍaniryukti'' (4th Mūlasūtra)
*''Oghaniryukti''
==Legacy==
Regarding the inscriptions describing the relation of Bhadrabahu and Chandragupta Maurya, [[Radha Kumud Mukherjee|Radha Kumud Mookerji]] writes,{{blockquote|The oldest inscription of about 600 AD associated "the pair (''yugma''), Bhadrabahu along with Chandragupta ''Muni''." Two inscriptions of about 900 AD on the [[Kaveri]] near [[Srirangapatna|Seringapatam]] describe the summit of a hill called [[Chandragiri hill|Chandragiri]] as marked by the footprints of Bhadrabahu and Chandragupta ''munipati''. A [[Shravanabelagola]] inscription of 1129 mentions Bhadrabahu "''Shrutakevali''", and Chandragupta who acquired such merit that he was worshipped by the forest deities. Another inscription of 1163 similarly couples and describes them. A third inscription of the year 1432 speaks of ''Yatindra'' Bhadrabahu, and his disciple Chandragupta, the fame of whose penance spread into other words.{{sfn|Mookerji|1988|p=40}}|[[Radha Kumud Mukherjee|Radha Kumud Mookerji]]}}

''Bhadrabahu-charitra'' was written by Ratnanandi of about 1450 AD.{{sfn|Mookerji|1988|p=40}}
<gallery>
File:Djtradition marhiaji.jpg|Stella showing the transmission of the oral tradition (Photo: Marhiaji, Jabalpur)
File:Chandragupta Maurya and Bhadrabahu.jpg|A statue depicting Chandragupta Maurya (right) with his spiritual mentor [[Acharya Bhadrabahu]] at [[Shravanabelagola]]
File:Bhadrabāhusvāmī at Kesariyaji Adinath Temple in Palitana.jpg|Image of Bhadrabāhu at Kesariyaji Adinath Jain Temple, Palitana
File:Tijara Jain temple painting 32.jpg|Chandragupta Maurya having 16 [[auspicious dreams in Jainism]]
File:Footprint of Chandragupta Maurya.jpg|The Footprints of Chandragupta Maurya on [[Chandragiri hill|Chandragiri]] Hill, where Chandragupta (the unifier of India and founder of the [[Maurya Empire|Maurya]] Dynasty) performed [[Sallekhana]]
</gallery>

==See also==
[[Sthulabhadra]]
<gallery>
File:Ārya Sthūlabhadra idol at Khaḍākhoṭadī no Pāḍo Jaina Temple at Patan, Gujarat (India).jpg|14th century Ārya Sthūlabhadra idol at the Khaḍākhoṭadī no Pāḍo Jaina Temple at [[Patan, Gujarat|Patan]]
</gallery>

==References==
===Citations===
<references>
<ref name="jaini">{{cite book|last=Jaini|first=Padmanabh|title=Collected Papers on Jaina Studies|year=2000|publisher=Motilal Banarasidass|page=299}}</ref>
</references>

===Sources===
*{{citation |last=Dundas |first=Paul |author-link=Paul Dundas |title=The Jains |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X8iAAgAAQBAJ |edition=Second |date=2002 |orig-year=1992 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=0-415-26605-X }}
*{{citation |last=Mookerji |first=Radha Kumud |author-link=Radha Kumud Mukherjee |title=Chandragupta Maurya and his times |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i-y6ZUheQH8C |edition=4th |year=1988 |orig-year=first published in 1966 |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] |isbn=81-208-0433-3 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Rice |first1=Benjamin Lewis |title=Epigraphia Carnatica: Rev. ed |date=1889 |publisher=Mysore Government Central Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EMUUAAAAYAAJ |language=kn}}
*{{citation |last=Sangave |first=Vilas Adinath |author-link=Vilas Adinath Sangave |title=The Sacred Sravana-Belagola: A Socio-religious study |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZ3S6CW5KKQC |date=1981 |publisher=[[Bharatiya Jnanpith]] |edition=First }}
*{{citation|last=Sangave|first=Vilas Adinath|title=Facets of Jainology: Selected Research Papers on Jain Society, Religion, and Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QzEQJHWUwXQC|year=2001|publisher=Popular Prakashan|isbn=978-81-7154-839-2}}
* {{citation |last=Shah |first=Natubhai |title=Jainism: The World of Conquerors |url={{Google books|qLNQKGcDIhsC|plainurl=yes}} |volume=I |date=2004 |orig-year=First published in 1998 |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] |isbn=978-81-208-1938-2 |ref={{sfnref|Natubhai Shah|2004}} }}
*{{Citation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kUz9o-EKTpwC|title=The a to Z of Jainism|isbn=9780810868212|last1=Wiley|first1=Kristi L|date=16 July 2009|page=51|publisher=Scarecrow Press }}
*{{citation |last=Vidyabhusana |first=Satis Chandra |author-link=Satis Chandra Vidyabhusana |title=A History of Indian Logic: Ancient, Mediaeval and Modern Schools |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0lG85RD9YZoC |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] |date=2006 |orig-year=1920 |isbn=81-208-0565-8 }}
* {{citation |editor-last=Vyas |editor-first=Dr. R. T. |author-link=R.T. Vyas |url={{Google books|fETebHcHKogC|plainurl=yes}} |title=Studies in Jaina Art and Iconography and Allied Subjects |publisher=The Director, Oriental Institute, on behalf of the Registrar, M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara |year=1995 |isbn=81-7017-316-7 }}

==Further reading==
*Bhadrabāhu. ''Āvaśyakaniryukti'' with Haribhadra’s commentary (reprint of Āgamodaya Samiti edition), vol. 1, Bombay, 1981.
*Bhadrabāhu. ''Kalpasūtra'', ed. [[Hermann Jacobi]], Leipzig, 1879.

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}

{{Jain Gurus}}
{{Jainism topics}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:430s BC births]]
[[Category:350s BC deaths]]
[[Category:Digambara Acharyas]]
[[Category:Indian Jain monks]]
[[Category:5th-century BC Indian Jains]]
[[Category:5th-century BC Jain monks]]
[[Category:5th-century BC Indian monks]]
[[Category:4th-century BC Indian Jains]]
[[Category:4th-century BC Jain monks]]
[[Category:4th-century BC Indian monks]]
[[Category:Ancient Indian writers]]
[[Category:Bengali writers]]
[[Category:5th-century BC Indian writers]]
[[Category:4th-century BC Indian writers]]
[[Category:Jain acharyas]]

Vibhavari Deshpande

2026-02-04T15:11:15Z

Srcsdoon: small rework lead based on references further and corrected details as per guidelines

{{short description|Indian film actress|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Vibhawari Deshpande
| image = File:Vibha-Bharatpedia-1.jpg
| caption = Deshpande in 2019
| birth_name = Vibhawari Dixit
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Pune, Maharashtra, India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = Actress, writer
| years_active =
| other names =
| spouse = {{marriage|Hrishikesh Deshpande|2001}}
| children = 1
| known_for = ''[[Harishchandrachi Factory]]''
}}
'''Vibhawari Deshpande''' is an Indian actress, writer and director who works in [[Marathi theatre]] and [[Marathi cinema]].

==Career==

===Writer and director===
Deshpande started her career with acting and off-screen works in college drama. She also attended various courses organised by [[National School of Drama]], Delhi and workshops conducted by noted theatre personality [[Satyadev Dubey]]. While working for drama, she mainly worked off-screen in writing department. She has also written dialogues for the Marathi TV serial ''Agnihotra'' that aired on Star Pravaha.

Deshpande is active in theater with an Indo-German group "[[Grips-Theater|Grips]]" that produces plays for children.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.punemirror.in/printarticle.aspx?page=comments&action=translate&sectid=56&contentid=2012051320120513023417718794ed97d&subsite= |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130218053015/http://www.punemirror.in/printarticle.aspx?page=comments&action=translate&sectid=56&contentid=2012051320120513023417718794ed97d&subsite= |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 February 2013 |title=Coming to Grips with reality |work=[[The Times of India|Pune Mirror]] |access-date=19 December 2012 |author=Ainapure, Mrunmayi |location=Pune}}</ref> Along with acting and writing scripts, she has also directed a [[Kannada]] play ''Gumma Banda Gumma''.<ref name=Hindu/>

===Acting===
Deshpande received her first acting break for a cameo role as a receptionist in the multi-award-winning 2004 film ''[[Shwaas]]''. Her next role came in [[Smita Talwalkar]]'s production ''[[Saatchya Aat Gharat]]''. Here she played the role of Ketaki, one of the seven college students around whom the story revolved. She also worked in one of the documentaries directed by [[Jabbar Patel|Dr. Jabbar Patel]].

She later on acted in a few Hindi films doing side roles. Her big break came in 2009 when she played the historical role of Saraswati Phalke, wife of the father of Indian cinema [[Dadasaheb Phalke]], in the film ''[[Harishchandrachi Factory]]''. Deshpande's role was of a supportive wife who helped her husband in his journey towards making India's first full-length feature film ''[[Raja Harishchandra]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masand-review-harishchandrachi-factory-an-important-film/109409-8.html?from=webx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101111205906/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masand-review-harishchandrachi-factory-an-important-film/109409-8.html?from=webx |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 November 2010 |title=Watch out for 'Harishchandrachi Factory' |publisher=[[IBN Live]] |date=30 January 2010 |access-date=19 December 2012 |author=Masand, Rajeev |author-link=Rajeev Masand}}</ref> She also received the Best Actress award by [[MICTA]] for her role of Saraswati.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/bachchan-accepts-and-confers-honours-in-marathi-films-1.496706 |title=Bachchan accepts and confers honours in Marathi films |work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]] |access-date=19 December 2012 |author=Badam, Ramola Talwar}}</ref> In 2010, she played the role of Dwarka, wife of Guna, in the film ''[[Natarang]]''. Based on the novel of same name by [[Anand Yadav]], Dwarka's character was of a wife who dislikes her husband's involvement in [[Tamasha]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/atul-kulkarnis-natarang-is-powerful/112209-47-82.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100513192345/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/atul-kulkarnis-natarang-is-powerful/112209-47-82.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 May 2010 |title=Atul Kulkarni's 'Natarang' is powerful |publisher=[[IBN Live]] |date=27 March 2010 |access-date=29 November 2012 |author=Parande, Shweta}}</ref> In 2011, Deshpande portrayed another historic role of wife of one of the greatest Marathi singers and stage actors, [[Bal Gandharva]]. Her role in [[Balgandharva (film)|the film]] supported the lead title role of Bal Gandharva, who enacted female roles in theater when women did not act.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/art-culture/The-real-reel/articleshow/8584053.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107114535/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-26/art-culture/29585404_1_balgandharva-mahesh-limaye-marathi |url-status=live |archive-date=7 January 2014 |title=The real reel |date=26 May 2011 |access-date=19 December 2012 |author=Gokhale, Shanta |work=[[The Times of India]] |author-link=Shanta Gokhale}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Films
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Shwaas]]'' || Receptionist ||
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Saatchya Aat Gharat]]'' || Ketaki ||
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Dum Kaata]]'' || Ananya's mother || Hindi film
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Mumbai Meri Jaan]]'' || Archana Kadam || Hindi film
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Harishchandrachi Factory]]'' || Saraswati Phalke, [[Dadasaheb Phalke]]'s wife ||
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Natarang]]'' || Dwaraka Kagalkar ||
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Balgandharva (film)|Balgandharva]]'' || Laxmi, [[Balgandharva]]'s wife ||
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Deool]]'' || Poetya's sister-in-law ||
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Chintoo]]'' || Chintoo's mother ||
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Tuhya Dharma Koncha]]'' || Bhulabai ||
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Postcard (2013 film)|Postcard]]'' || Lisa Khamble ||
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Tumhari Sulu]]'' || Constable ||
|-
| 2017 ||''[[Tikli and Laxmi Bomb]]''|| Laxmi ||
|-
|2024 ||''[[Phullwanti]]'' || Avanti Devi ||
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Web series
! Year !! Title !! Role
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Sacred Games (TV series)|Sacred Games]]'' || Gaitonde's Mother
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Mayanagari - City of Dreams|Mayanagari: City of Dreams]]'' || Purushottam's Wife
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2020 || ''[[Breathe: Into the Shadows]]'' || Prakash Kamble's college friend
|-
| ''[[Criminal Justice: Behind Closed Doors]]'' || Mukta Tai
|-
|2025
|''[[Baai Tujhyapayi|''Baai Tujhyapayi'']]''
|Mangal Bai
|-
|2026
|''[[Daldal (2026 TV series)|Daldal]]''
|Isabel Ferreira
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Plays
! Title !! Language !! Role !! Ref.
|-
| ''MH-12 Mukkam Post Pune'' || [[Marathi language|Marathi]] || Actress || <ref>{{cite news |url=http://dnasyndication.com/dna_photogallery_editorial_images/pid=DNPUN9173&filename=Vibhawari_Deshpande_Prasad_Oak |title=Vibhawari Deshpande and Prasad Oak |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |location=Pune |access-date=29 November 2012}}</ref>
|-
| ''Gumma Banda Gumma'' || [[Kannada]] || Director || <ref name=Hindu>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/article3204254.ece |title=All a child's play |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Bangalore |author=Mehar, Rakesh |date=6 December 2006 |access-date=29 November 2012}}</ref>
|-
| ''Gayab Geet'' || [[Marathi language|Marathi]] || Director ||
|}

==Personal life==

Born Vibhawari Dixit<ref name="dixit">{{Cite web |date=23 July 2018 |title=#puneonmymind: Vibhawari Dixit Deshpande, theatre artiste and actor on how Pune has always offered space to explore and expand culture |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/pune-news/puneonmymind-vibhawari-dixit-deshpande-theatre-artiste-and-actor-on-pune-has-always-offered-space-to-explore-and-expand-culture/story-1VjOrudx8gI3oDendNTwLL.html |access-date=4 August 2021 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> and brought up in [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]], Deshpande did her schooling at Garware High School, [[Pune]]. She did her graduation from [[Fergusson College]] in Arts and [[Mass Communication]]. Her father, Upendra Dixit runs the book store International Book Service set up by her grandfather in Pune in 1931 and her mother Maneesha Dixit was a scholar, writer and theater critic. Her grandmother [[Muktabai Dixit]] was also a famous writer and playwright in Marathi.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/11580551.cms |title=विभावरी देशपांडेचे वडील |work=[[Maharashtra Times]] |language=mr |date=22 January 2012 |access-date=19 December 2012 |archive-date=7 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107121540/http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/11580551.cms |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|3252571}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Deshpande, Vibhawari}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Marathi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Marathi theatre]]
[[Category:Indian theatre directors]]
[[Category:Writers from Pune]]
[[Category:Indian women dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian stage actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Pune]]
[[Category:Indian women screenwriters]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:Women writers from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Indian women theatre directors]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian screenwriters]]

Raghu Sharma (politician)

2026-01-06T19:32:41Z

Srcsdoon: further expanded article to improve readability and fixed typos based on references

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Raghu Sharma
| image = File:Dr.Raghu Sharma INC.jpg
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1958|7|26|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rajassembly.nic.in/MemberContacts.aspx|title=Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|website=rajassembly.nic.in}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Ajmer]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]
| children = 2
| father = Shivswaroop Sharma
| mother = Kanta Devi
| residence = "Raghuveera" Vill. Ajgan, Ajmer Road, [[Kekri, Rajasthan|Kekri]], Distt. [[Ajmer]], [[Rajasthan]].
| spouse = Veera Sharma
| alma_mater = [[University of Rajasthan]] ([[B.Sc]], [[LLB]], [[MBA]]) [[R. A. Podar Institute of Management]] ([[Ph.D.]] in [[Management]])
| office = [[All India Congress Committee|AICC]] General Secretary for [[Gujarat Pradesh Congress Committee|Gujarat]], [[Daman & Diu]] and [[Dadra & Nagar Haveli]] Congress Committee
| term_start = {{Start date|df=y|2021|10|7}}
| term_end = December 2022
| predecessor = [[Rajeev Satav]]
| office1 = [[Third Ashok Gehlot ministry|Minister of Health and Family Welfare]] [[Government of Rajasthan]]
| termstart1 = 24 December 2018
| term_end1 = 19 November 2021
| predecessor1 = [[Kali Charan Saraf]]
| successor1 = [[Parsadi Lal Meena]]
| office2 = [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| termstart2 = [[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| term_end2 = 2023
| constituency2 = [[Kekri (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kekri]], Ajmer
| successor2 = [[Shatrughan Gautam]]
| term_start3 = December 2008
| term_end3 = December 2013
| constituency3 = [[Kekri (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kekri]], Ajmer
| predecessor3 = [[Gopal Lal]]
| successor3 = [[Shatrughan Gautam]]
| office4 = [[16th Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| constituency4 = [[Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ajmer]] (by-election)
| termstart4 = 1 February 2018
| termend4 = 20 December 2018
| predecessor4 = [[Sanwar Lal Jat]]
| successor4 = [[Bhagirath Choudhary]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| nationality = Indian
| profession = Politician
}}

'''Raghu Sharma''' (born 26 July 1958)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.patrika.com/topic/raghu-sharma/|title=Raghu Sharma Biography in Hindi: About Family, Political life, Age, Photos {{!}} Patrika|website=www.patrika.com|language=hi-IN|access-date=24 November 2018}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Indian National Congress]], who has served as the AICC in-charge of party affairs in Gujarat, Daman and Diu, and Dadra and Nagar Haveli resigned in December 2022 and has also served as the Cabinet Minister of Health and Family Welfare, [[Government of Rajasthan]] from 2018 to 2021. He was the Member of the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]] from [[Kekri (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kekri]] constituency, [[Ajmer district]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2018/rajasthan/kekri-election-result-s20a105/|title=Kekri Assembly constituency (Rajasthan): Full details, live and past results|website=News18}}</ref>

==Political career==
He is a two time MLA from [[Kekri (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kekri]] constituency. He was a member of parliament from [[Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ajmer]] Parliamentary Constituency elected in by-election, 2018<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.patrika.com/tags/rajasthan-election-2018/|title=Rajasthan Election 2018|work=Rajasthan Patrika}}</ref> as [[Indian National Congress|INC]] candidate.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ajmer Lok Sabha Bypoll 2018 Result : Congress’ Raghu Sharma Sweeps Bypoll, Gets 605023 votes |work=[[India.com]] |date=1 February 2018 |url=http://www.india.com/news/india/ajmer-lok-sabha-bye-election-2018-result-live-news-updates-counting-of-votes-in-rajasthan-2870877/ |accessdate=1 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Raghu Sharma to pose difficulty for Gehlot? |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=17 November 2011 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/Raghu-Sharma-to-pose-difficulty-for-Gehlot/articleshow/10761262.cms |accessdate=1 February 2018}}</ref> He has also served as [[Chief Whip]] in [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]] 2008–2013 in [[Government of Rajasthan]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://entranceindia.com/election-and-politics/dr-raghu-sharma-member-of-parliament-mp-from-ajmer-rajasthan-biodata/|title=Dr. Raghu Sharma MP biodata Ajmer | ENTRANCEINDIA|date=28 December 2018|access-date=3 July 2021|archive-date=17 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117031903/https://entranceindia.com/election-and-politics/dr-raghu-sharma-member-of-parliament-mp-from-ajmer-rajasthan-biodata/|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was appointed AICC in-charge of party affairs in Gujarat, Daman and Diu, and Dadra and Nagar Haveli on 7 October 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/congress-appoints-raghu-sharma-new-gujarat-affairs-in-charge/articleshow/86846596.cms|title=Congress appoints Raghu Sharma new Gujarat affairs in-charge|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=7 October 2021 |accessdate=7 October 2021}}</ref>

===Positions held===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Position<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/memberbioprofile.aspx?mpsno=4943&lastls=16|title=Members : Lok Sabha|website=164.100.47.194}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rajassembly.nic.in/Cabinet.aspx|title=Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|website=rajassembly.nic.in}}</ref>

|-
| 2008-13 || Member, [[13th Rajasthan Assembly]] from [[Kekri (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)]]
* Govt. Chief Whip, Rajasthan Vidhan Sabha (with Cabinet Minister Status)
* Member, Public Account Committee
|-
| 2018-2019 || Elected to the [[16th Lok Sabha]] in a By-Election from [[Ajmer]]
* Member, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Rural Development, Panchayati Raj and Mines
* Member, Standing Committee on Science & Technology, Environment & Forests
|-
| 2018–2021. || Member, Fifteenth Rajasthan Legislative Assembly from [[Kekri (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)]]
* Cabinet Minister For Medical & Health Department, [[Government of Rajasthan]]
* Cabinet Minister For Ayurved & Indian Medical Department, [[Government of Rajasthan]]
* Cabinet Minister For Medical & Health Services (ESI) Department, [[Government of Rajasthan]]
* Cabinet Minister For Information & Public Relation Department, [[Government of Rajasthan]]
|-
|}

=== Other Positions Held ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Position !! Organisation<ref name="auto"/>
|-
| President || [[Maharaja College, Jaipur]]
|-
| Apex President || Students Union [[University of Rajasthan]], Jaipur
|-
| General Secretary || [[Rajasthan Youth Congress]]
|-
| Vice President || [[Rajasthan Youth Congress]]
|-
| President || [[Rajasthan Youth Congress]]
|-
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] Candidate || Bhinai Legislative Assembly Constituency <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/bhinai-rajasthan-assembly-constituency|title=Bhinai Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency|website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref>
|-
| Secretary || [[Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee]]
|-
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] Candidate || [[Jaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
|-
| Spokesperson || [[Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee]]
|-
| General Secretary || [[Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee]]
|-
| Chairman || Media Department [[Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee]]
|-
| Vice President || [[Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee]]
|-
| Member || Senate and Syndicate, [[University of Rajasthan]]
|-
| Member || Board of Management, [[Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University]]
|-
| Member || National Textiles Corporation (N.T.C.)
|-
| Chairman || 2018 Legislative Election Campaign Committee, [[Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee]]
|-
| Chairman || 2019 Loksabha Election Campaign Committee, [[Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee]]
|-
| Jaipur District President || [[All India Chess Federation]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/rajasthan/city/jaipur/dr-raghu-sharma-becomes-president-of-jaipur-district-chess-association/rj20210213104718283|title=चिकित्सा मंत्री डॉ. रघु शर्मा बने जयपुर जिला शतरंज संघ के अध्यक्ष...|website=ETV Bharat News}}</ref>
|-
| AICC In-Charge|| Party affairs in Gujarat, Daman and Diu, and Dadra and Nagar Haveli <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/aicc-makes-health-min-raghu-sharma-gujarat-in-charge/articleshow/86852671.cms|title=Rajasthan: AICC makes health minister Raghu Sharma Gujarat in-charge | Jaipur News - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| Member|| Congress Steering Committee<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/jaipur/with-kharge-at-helm-state-congress-now-awaits-pending-organisational-changes-8236350/|title=With Kharge at helm, state Congress now awaits pending organisational changes|date=29 October 2022}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{Facebook|Raghusharmaofficial|Raghu Sharma}}

{{16th LS members from Rajasthan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Raghu}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1958 births]]
[[Category:People from Ajmer district]]
[[Category:India MPs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2008–2013]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2018–2023]]

2025 Odisha Masters

2025-12-22T17:06:28Z

Srcsdoon:

{{short description|Badminton tournament in Cuttack, India}}
{{Infobox badminton event
|name = {{nowrap|2025 Odisha Masters}}
|image =
|caption =
|dates = 9–14 December
|number_edition = 4th
|level = G2L6
|prize_money = 110000
|other =
|venue = Jawaharlal Nehru Indoor Stadium
|location = [[Cuttack]], [[Odisha]], India
|MS = [[Kiran George]]
|country_MS = IND
|WS = [[Unnati Hooda]]
|country_WS = IND
|MD1 = [[Ali Faathir Rayhan]]
|country_MD1 = INA
|MD2 = [[Devin Artha Wahyudi]]
|country_MD2 = INA
|WD1 = [[Gabriela Stoeva]]
|country_WD1 = BUL
|WD2 = [[Stefani Stoeva]]
|country_WD2 = BUL
|XD1 = [[Marwan Faza]]
|country_XD1 = INA
|XD2 = [[Aisyah Pranata]]
|country_XD2 = INA
|previous = [[2024 Odisha Masters|2024]]
|next = [[2026 Odisha Masters|2026]]
}}
The '''2025 Odisha Masters''' was a badminton tournament which took place at the Jawaharlal Nehru Indoor Stadium, [[Cuttack]], [[Odisha]], India from 9 to 14 December 2025. It had a total prize pool of US$110,000.
{{TOC right}}

== Tournament ==
The 2025 Odisha Masters was the thirty-ninth tournament of the [[2025 BWF World Tour]] and the fourth edition of [[Odisha Masters]]. The tournament was organized by the [[Badminton Association of India]] with sanction from the [[Badminton World Federation|BWF]].<ref name="pros">{{cite web |title=Prospectus Odisha Masters 2025|url=https://extranet.bwf.sport/docs/events/5243/docs/Odisha%20Masters%202025_Final.pdf|publisher=[[Badminton World Federation]] |access-date=3 December 2025}}</ref>

=== Venue ===
The tournament was held at the Jawaharlal Nehru Indoor Stadium in [[Cuttack]], [[Odisha]], India.<ref name="pros"/>

=== Point distribution ===
Below is the point distribution table for each phase of the tournament based on the [[BWF World Ranking|BWF points system]] for the [[BWF World Tour|BWF Tour Super 100]] event.<ref>{{cite web |title=World Ranking System |url=https://system.bwfbadminton.com/documents/folder_1_81/folder_1_82/New-Regulations-2018/5.3.3.1%20World%20Ranking%20System.pdf |publisher=Badminton World Federation |accessdate=27 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510005434/https://system.bwfbadminton.com/documents/folder_1_81/folder_1_82/New-Regulations-2018/5.3.3.1%20World%20Ranking%20System.pdf |archive-date=10 May 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! width="75" | Winner
! width="75" | Runner-up
! width="75" | 3/4
! width="75" | 5/8
! width="75" | 9/16
! width="75" | 17/32
! width="75" | 33/64
! width="75" | 65/128
! width="75" | 129/256
|-
| 5,500 || 4,680 || 3,850 || 3,030 || 2,110 || 1,290 || 510 || 240 || 100
|}

=== Prize pool ===
The total prize money is US$110,000 with the distribution of the prize money in accordance with BWF regulations.<ref name="pros"/>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"
|-
| width="104px" | '''Event'''
| width="68px" | '''Winner'''
| width="68px" | '''Finalist'''
| width="68px" | '''Semi-finals'''
| width="80px" | '''Quarter-finals'''
| width="68px" | '''Last 16'''
|-
| bgcolor="#DFE2E9" | '''Singles'''
| $8,250 || $4,180 || $1,595 || $660 || $385
|-
| bgcolor="#DFE2E9" | '''Doubles'''
| $8,690 || $4,180 || $1,540 || $797.50 || $412.50
|}

== Men's singles ==
=== Seeds ===
{{colbegin}}
# {{flagicon|IND}} [[Tharun Mannepalli]] ''(quarter-finals)''
# '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kiran George]] (champion)'''
# {{flagicon|HKG}} [[Jason Gunawan]] ''(second round)''
# {{flagicon|IND}} [[Priyanshu Rajawat]] ''(third round)''
# {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Viren Nettasinghe]] ''(second round)''
# {{flagicon|IND}} [[Manraj Singh (badminton)|Manraj Singh]] ''(second round)''
# {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sankar Subramanian]] ''(quarter-finals)''
# {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rithvik Sanjeevi]] ''(quarter-finals)''
{{colend}}

=== Finals ===
{{4TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD-shade=#A8D3FF
| RD1=Semi-finals
| RD2=Final
| team-width=175

| RD1-seed1 =  
| RD1-team1 = '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Muhamad Yusuf]]'''
| RD1-score1-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score1-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score1-3 =
| RD1-seed2 =
| RD1-team2 = {{flagicon|INA}} [[Bismo Raya Oktora]]
| RD1-score2-1 = 12
| RD1-score2-2 = 18
| RD1-score2-3 =

| RD1-seed3 = Q2
| RD1-team3 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rounak Chouhan]]
| RD1-score3-1 = 19
| RD1-score3-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score3-3 = 18
| RD1-seed4 = 2
| RD1-team4 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kiran George]]'''
| RD1-score4-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score4-2 = 8
| RD1-score4-3 = '''21'''

| RD2-seed1 =  
| RD2-team1 = {{flagicon|INA}} [[Muhamad Yusuf]]
| RD2-score1-1 = 14
| RD2-score1-2 = '''21'''
| RD2-score1-3 = 16
| RD2-seed2 = 2
| RD2-team2 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kiran George]]'''
| RD2-score2-1 = '''21'''
| RD2-score2-2 = 13
| RD2-score2-3 = '''21'''
}}

=== Top half ===
==== Section 1 ====
{{16TeamBracket-Compact-Tennis3-Byes
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Third round
| RD4=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed03= Q3
| RD1-team03= '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Manav Choudhary|M Choudhary]]'''
| RD1-score03-1= '''21'''
| RD1-score03-2= '''21'''
| RD1-score03-3=
| RD1-seed04= PFQ
| RD1-team04= {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Ephraim Stephen Sam|E Stephen Sam]]
| RD1-score04-1= 18
| RD1-score04-2= 16
| RD1-score04-3=

| RD1-seed07=
| RD1-team07= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Aryamann Tandon|A Tandon]]
| RD1-score07-1= 18
| RD1-score07-2= '''21'''
| RD1-score07-3= 16
| RD1-seed08=
| RD1-team08= '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kavin Thangam|K Thangam]]'''
| RD1-score08-1= '''21'''
| RD1-score08-2= 19
| RD1-score08-3= '''21'''

| RD1-seed11= PFQ
| RD1-team11= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Siddharth Pratap Singh|S P Singh]]
| RD1-score11-1= 7
| RD1-score11-2= 15
| RD1-score11-3=
| RD1-seed12=
| RD1-team12= '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Muhamad Yusuf|M Yusuf]]'''
| RD1-score12-1= '''21'''
| RD1-score12-2= '''21'''
| RD1-score12-3=

| RD1-seed15=
| RD1-team15= '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Tushar Suveer|T Suveer]]'''
| RD1-score15-1= 19
| RD1-score15-2= '''21'''
| RD1-score15-3= '''21'''
| RD1-seed16=
| RD1-team16= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Alap Mishra|A Mishra]]
| RD1-score16-1= '''21'''
| RD1-score16-2= 8
| RD1-score16-3= 14

| RD2-seed01= 1
| RD2-team01= '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Tharun Mannepalli|T Mannepalli]]'''
| RD2-score01-1= '''21'''
| RD2-score01-2= '''21'''
| RD2-score01-3=
| RD2-seed02= Q3
| RD2-team02= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Manav Choudhary|M Choudhary]]
| RD2-score02-1= 5
| RD2-score02-2= 8
| RD2-score02-3=

| RD2-seed03=
| RD2-team03= '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Govind Krishna|G Krishna]]'''
| RD2-score03-1= '''21'''
| RD2-score03-2= 19
| RD2-score03-3='''21'''
| RD2-seed04=
| RD2-team04= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kavin Thangam|K Thangam]]
| RD2-score04-1= 12
| RD2-score04-2= '''21'''
| RD2-score04-3= 15

| RD2-seed05= 5
| RD2-team05= {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Viren Nettasinghe|V Nettasinghe]]
| RD2-score05-1= 12
| RD2-score05-2= 13
| RD2-score05-3=
| RD2-seed06=
| RD2-team06= '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Muhamad Yusuf|M Yusuf]]'''
| RD2-score06-1= '''21'''
| RD2-score06-2= '''21'''
| RD2-score06-3=

| RD2-seed07=
| RD2-team07= '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Orijit Chaliha|O Chaliha]]'''
| RD2-score07-1= '''21'''
| RD2-score07-2= 8
| RD2-score07-3= '''21'''
| RD2-seed08=
| RD2-team08= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Tushar Suveer|T Suveer]]
| RD2-score08-1= 18
| RD2-score08-2= '''21'''
| RD2-score08-3= 15

| RD3-seed01= 1
| RD3-team01= '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Tharun Mannepalli|T Mannepalli]]'''
| RD3-score01-1= '''21'''
| RD3-score01-2= 12
| RD3-score01-3= '''21'''
| RD3-seed02=
| RD3-team02= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Govind Krishna|G Krishna]]
| RD3-score02-1= 16
| RD3-score02-2= '''21'''
| RD3-score02-3= 11

| RD3-seed03=
| RD3-team03= '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Muhamad Yusuf|M Yusuf]]'''
| RD3-score03-1= '''21'''
| RD3-score03-2= '''21'''
| RD3-score03-3=
| RD3-seed04=
| RD3-team04= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Orijit Chaliha|O Chaliha]]
| RD3-score04-1= 15
| RD3-score04-2= 18
| RD3-score04-3=

| RD4-seed01= 1
| RD4-team01= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Tharun Mannepalli|T Mannepalli]]
| RD4-score01-1= 9
| RD4-score01-2= 20
| RD4-score01-3=
| RD4-seed02=
| RD4-team02= '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Muhamad Yusuf|M Yusuf]]'''
| RD4-score02-1= '''21'''
| RD4-score02-2= '''22'''
| RD4-score02-3=
}}

==== Section 2 ====
{{16TeamBracket-Compact-Tennis3-Byes
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Third round
| RD4=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed03=
| RD1-team03= '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Saneeth Dayanand|S Dayanand]]'''
| RD1-score03-1= '''21'''
| RD1-score03-2= '''21'''
| RD1-score03-3=
| RD1-seed04= PFQ
| RD1-team04= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Dhruv Negi|D Negi]]
| RD1-score04-1= 11
| RD1-score04-2= 13
| RD1-score04-3=

| RD1-seed07=
| RD1-team07= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Nicholas Raj|N Raj]]
| RD1-score07-1= 15
| RD1-score07-2= 16
| RD1-score07-3=
| RD1-seed08=
| RD1-team08= '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Richie Duta Richardo|R D Richardo]]'''
| RD1-score08-1= '''21'''
| RD1-score08-2= '''21'''
| RD1-score08-3=

| RD1-seed11=
| RD1-team11= '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[A R Rohan Kumar]]'''
| RD1-score11-1= '''21'''
| RD1-score11-2= 13
| RD1-score11-3= '''21'''
| RD1-seed12= Q1
| RD1-team12= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ansh Gupta|A Gupta]]
| RD1-score12-1= 13
| RD1-score12-2= '''21'''
| RD1-score12-3= 16

| RD1-seed15=
| RD1-team15= {{flagicon|IND}} [[B. M. Rahul Bharadwaj|B M R Bharadwaj]]
| RD1-score15-1= 16
| RD1-score15-2= '''21'''
| RD1-score15-3= 13
| RD1-seed16= Q5
| RD1-team16= '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Lokesh Reddy Kalagotla|L R Kalagotla]]'''
| RD1-score16-1= '''21'''
| RD1-score16-2= 14
| RD1-score16-3= '''21'''

| RD2-seed01= 4
| RD2-team01= '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Priyanshu Rajawat|P Rajawat]]'''
| RD2-score01-1= '''21'''
| RD2-score01-2= 14
| RD2-score01-3= '''21'''
| RD2-seed02=
| RD2-team02= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Saneeth Dayanand|S Dayanand]]
| RD2-score02-1= 19
| RD2-score02-2= '''21'''
| RD2-score02-3= 13

| RD2-seed03=
| RD2-team03= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Gagan Balyan|G Balyan]]
| RD2-score03-1= 20
| RD2-score03-2= 12
| RD2-score03-3=
| RD2-seed04=
| RD2-team04= '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Richie Duta Richardo|R D Richardo]]'''
| RD2-score04-1= '''22'''
| RD2-score04-2= '''21'''
| RD2-score04-3=

| RD2-seed05= 6
| RD2-team05= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Manraj Singh (badminton)|M Singh]]
| RD2-score05-1= 6
| RD2-score05-2= 12
| RD2-score05-3=
| RD2-seed06=
| RD2-team06= '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[A R Rohan Kumar]]'''
| RD2-score06-1= '''21'''
| RD2-score06-2= '''21'''
| RD2-score06-3=

| RD2-seed07=
| RD2-team07= '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Bismo Raya Oktora|B R Oktora]]'''
| RD2-score07-1= 23
| RD2-score07-2= '''21'''
| RD2-score07-3= '''21'''
| RD2-seed08= Q5
| RD2-team08= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Lokesh Reddy Kalagotla|L R Kalagotla]]
| RD2-score08-1= '''25'''
| RD2-score08-2= 13
| RD2-score08-3= 15

| RD3-seed01= 4
| RD3-team01= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Priyanshu Rajawat|P Rajawat]]
| RD3-score01-1= 12
| RD3-score01-2= 10
| RD3-score01-3=
| RD3-seed02=
| RD3-team02= '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Richie Duta Richardo|R D Richardo]]'''
| RD3-score02-1= '''21'''
| RD3-score02-2= '''21'''
| RD3-score02-3=

| RD3-seed03=
| RD3-team03= {{flagicon|IND}} [[A R Rohan Kumar]]
| RD3-score03-1= 20
| RD3-score03-2= 13
| RD3-score03-3=
| RD3-seed04=
| RD3-team04= '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Bismo Raya Oktora|B R Oktora]]'''
| RD3-score04-1= '''22'''
| RD3-score04-2= '''21'''
| RD3-score04-3=

| RD4-seed01=
| RD4-team01= {{flagicon|INA}} [[Richie Duta Richardo|R D Richardo]]
| RD4-score01-1= 13
| RD4-score01-2= '''21'''
| RD4-score01-3= 9
| RD4-seed02=
| RD4-team02= '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Bismo Raya Oktora|B R Oktora]]'''
| RD4-score02-1= '''21'''
| RD4-score02-2= 18
| RD4-score02-3= '''21'''
}}

=== Bottom half ===
==== Section 3 ====
{{16TeamBracket-Compact-Tennis3-Byes
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Third round
| RD4=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed01=
| RD1-team01= '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Arya Bhivpathaki|A Bhivpathaki]]'''
| RD1-score01-1= '''21'''
| RD1-score01-2= 22
| RD1-score01-3= '''22'''
| RD1-seed02=
| RD1-team02= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shashwat Dalal|S Dalal]]
| RD1-score02-1= 9
| RD1-score02-2= '''24'''
| RD1-score02-3= 20

| RD1-seed05=
| RD1-team05= {{flagicon|USA}} [[Kevin Arokia Walter|K A Walter]]
| RD1-score05-1= 9
| RD1-score05-2= 12
| RD1-score05-3=
| RD1-seed06=
| RD1-team06= '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Darshan Pujari|D Pujari]]'''
| RD1-score06-1= '''21'''
| RD1-score06-2= '''21'''
| RD1-score06-3=

| RD1-seed9=
| RD1-team9= '''{{flagicon|UAE}} [[Bharath Latheesh|B Latheesh]]'''
| RD1-score9-1= '''21'''
| RD1-score9-2= '''21'''
| RD1-score9-3=
| RD1-seed10= PFQ
| RD1-team10= {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Rohan Thool|R Thool]]
| RD1-score10-1= 16
| RD1-score10-2= 15
| RD1-score10-3=

| RD1-seed13= Q7
| RD1-team13= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanskar Saraswat|S Saraswat]]
| RD1-score13-1= '''21'''
| RD1-score13-2= 14
| RD1-score13-3= 9
| RD1-seed14= Q2
| RD1-team14= '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rounak Chouhan|R Chouhan]]'''
| RD1-score14-1= 11
| RD1-score14-2= '''21'''
| RD1-score14-3= '''21'''

| RD2-seed01=
| RD2-team01= '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Arya Bhivpathaki|A Bhivpathaki]]'''
| RD2-score01-1= 18
| RD2-score01-2= '''21'''
| RD2-score01-3= '''21'''
| RD2-seed02=
| RD2-team02= {{flagicon|UAE}} [[Vishal Vasudevan|V Vasudevan]]
| RD2-score02-1= '''21'''
| RD2-score02-2= 10
| RD2-score02-3= 16

| RD2-seed03=
| RD2-team03= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Darshan Pujari|D Pujari]]
| RD2-score03-1= 19
| RD2-score03-2= 21
| RD2-score03-3=
| RD2-seed04= 7
| RD2-team04= '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sankar Subramanian|S Subramanian]]'''
| RD2-score04-1= '''21'''
| RD2-score04-2= '''23'''
| RD2-score04-3=

| RD2-seed05=
| RD2-team05= {{flagicon|UAE}} [[Bharath Latheesh|B Latheesh]]
| RD2-score05-1= 16
| RD2-score05-2= '''21'''
| RD2-score05-3= 19
| RD2-seed06=
| RD2-team06= '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Varun Kapur|V Kapur]]'''
| RD2-score06-1= '''21'''
| RD2-score06-2= 16
| RD2-score06-3= '''21'''

| RD2-seed07= Q2
| RD2-team07= '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rounak Chouhan|R Chouhan]]'''
| RD2-score07-1= 15
| RD2-score07-2= '''21'''
| RD2-score07-3= '''21'''
| RD2-seed08= 3
| RD2-team08= {{flagicon|HKG}} [[Jason Gunawan|J Gunawan]]
| RD2-score08-1= '''21'''
| RD2-score08-2= 17
| RD2-score08-3= 19

| RD3-seed01=
| RD3-team01= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Arya Bhivpathaki|A Bhivpathaki]]
| RD3-score01-1= 8
| RD3-score01-2= '''21'''
| RD3-score01-3= 15
| RD3-seed02= 7
| RD3-team02= '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sankar Subramanian|S Subramanian]]'''
| RD3-score02-1= '''21'''
| RD3-score02-2= 19
| RD3-score02-3= '''21'''

| RD3-seed03=
| RD3-team03= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Varun Kapur|V Kapur]]
| RD3-score03-1= 18
| RD3-score03-2= '''21'''
| RD3-score03-3= 17
| RD3-seed04= Q2
| RD3-team04= '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rounak Chouhan|R Chouhan]]'''
| RD3-score04-1= '''21'''
| RD3-score04-2= 19
| RD3-score04-3= '''21'''

| RD4-seed01= 7
| RD4-team01= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sankar Subramanian|S Subramanian]]
| RD4-score01-1= 19
| RD4-score01-2= 20
| RD4-score01-3=
| RD4-seed02= Q2
| RD4-team02= '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rounak Chouhan|R Chouhan]]'''
| RD4-score02-1= '''21'''
| RD4-score02-2= '''22'''
| RD4-score02-3=
}}

==== Section 4 ====
{{16TeamBracket-Compact-Tennis3-Byes
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Third round
| RD4=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed01= Q8
| RD1-team01= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sugi Sai Bala Singha Gopinath Singh|S S B S Gopinath Singh]]
| RD1-score01-1= '''21'''
| RD1-score01-2= 14
| RD1-score01-3= 14
| RD1-seed02=
| RD1-team02= '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bharat Raghav|B Raghav]]'''
| RD1-score02-1= 14
| RD1-score02-2= '''21'''
| RD1-score02-3= '''21'''

| RD1-seed05=
| RD1-team05= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Abhinav Thakur|A Thakur]]
| RD1-score05-1= 18
| RD1-score05-2= 20
| RD1-score05-3=
| RD1-seed06= Q4
| RD1-team06= '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Numair Shaik|N Shaik]]'''
| RD1-score06-1= '''21'''
| RD1-score06-2= '''22'''
| RD1-score06-3=

| RD1-seed9=
| RD1-team9= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Pranay Shettigar|P Shettigar]]
| RD1-score9-1= 8
| RD1-score9-2= 19
| RD1-score9-3=
| RD1-seed10= PFQ
| RD1-team10= '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Dendi Triansyah|D Triansyah]]'''
| RD1-score10-1= '''21'''
| RD1-score10-2= '''21'''
| RD1-score10-3=

| RD1-seed13=
| RD1-team13= '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rajesh Srikar|R Srikar]]'''
| RD1-score13-1= 19
| RD1-score13-2= '''21'''
| RD1-score13-3= '''21'''
| RD1-seed14= Q6
| RD1-team14= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Aditya Diwakar|A Diwakar]]
| RD1-score14-1= '''21'''
| RD1-score14-2= 13
| RD1-score14-3= 16

| RD2-seed01=
| RD2-team01= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Bharat Raghav|B Raghav]]
| RD2-score01-1= 16
| RD2-score01-2= 11
| RD2-score01-3=
| RD2-seed02=
| RD2-team02= '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Siddhanth Gupta|S Gupta]]'''
| RD2-score02-1= '''21'''
| RD2-score02-2= '''21'''
| RD2-score02-3=

| RD2-seed03= Q4
| RD2-team03= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Numair Shaik|N Shaik]]
| RD2-score03-1= 15
| RD2-score03-2= 13
| RD2-score03-3=
| RD2-seed04= 8
| RD2-team04= '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rithvik Sanjeevi|R Sanjeevi]]'''
| RD2-score04-1= '''21'''
| RD2-score04-2= '''21'''
| RD2-score04-3=

| RD2-seed05= PFQ
| RD2-team05= '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Dendi Triansyah|D Triansyah]]'''
| RD2-score05-1= '''23'''
| RD2-score05-2= 13
| RD2-score05-3= '''21'''
| RD2-seed06=
| RD2-team06= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ginpaul Sonna|G Sonna]]
| RD2-score06-1= 21
| RD2-score06-2= '''21'''
| RD2-score06-3= 14

| RD2-seed07=
| RD2-team07= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rajesh Srikar|R Srikar]]
| RD2-score07-1= 12
| RD2-score07-2= 13
| RD2-score07-3=
| RD2-seed08= 2
| RD2-team08= '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kiran George|K George]]'''
| RD2-score08-1= '''21'''
| RD2-score08-2= '''21'''
| RD2-score08-3=

| RD3-seed01=
| RD3-team01= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Siddhanth Gupta|S Gupta]]
| RD3-score01-1= '''21'''
| RD3-score01-2= 6
| RD3-score01-3= 17
| RD3-seed02= 8
| RD3-team02= '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rithvik Sanjeevi|R Sanjeevi]]'''
| RD3-score02-1= 15
| RD3-score02-2= '''21'''
| RD3-score02-3= '''21'''

| RD3-seed03= PFQ
| RD3-team03= {{flagicon|INA}} [[Dendi Triansyah|D Triansyah]]
| RD3-score03-1= 12
| RD3-score03-2= 18
| RD3-score03-3=
| RD3-seed04= 2
| RD3-team04= '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kiran George|K George]]'''
| RD3-score04-1= '''21'''
| RD3-score04-2= '''21'''
| RD3-score04-3=

| RD4-seed01= 8
| RD4-team01= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rithvik Sanjeevi|R Sanjeevi]]
| RD4-score01-1= 11
| RD4-score01-2= 17
| RD4-score01-3=
| RD4-seed02= 2
| RD4-team02= '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kiran George|K George]]'''
| RD4-score02-1= '''21'''
| RD4-score02-2= '''21'''
| RD4-score02-3=
}}

== Women's singles ==
=== Seeds ===
{{colbegin}}
# '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Unnati Hooda]] (champion)'''
# {{flagicon|THA}} [[Pornpicha Choeikeewong]] ''(first round)''
# {{flagicon|IND}} [[Tanvi Sharma]] ''(quarter-finals)''
# {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rakshitha Ramraj]] ''(first round)''
# {{flagicon|IND}} [[Anupama Upadhyaya]] ''(quarter-finals)''
# {{flagicon|IND}} [[Anmol Kharb]] ''(quarter-finals)''
# {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Tung Ciou-tong]] ''(quarter-finals)''
# {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shriyanshi Valishetty]] ''(second round)''
{{colend}}

=== Finals ===
{{4TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD-shade=#A8D3FF
| RD1=Semi-finals
| RD2=Final
| team-width=175

| RD1-seed1 = 1
| RD1-team1 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Unnati Hooda]]'''
| RD1-score1-1 = 18
| RD1-score1-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score1-3 = '''21'''
| RD1-seed2 =
| RD1-team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Tasnim Mir]]
| RD1-score2-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score2-2 = 16
| RD1-score2-3 = 16

| RD1-seed3 =  
| RD1-team3 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Tanya Hemanth]]
| RD1-score3-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score3-2 = 7
| RD1-score3-3 = 7
| RD1-seed4 =
| RD1-team4 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Isharani Baruah]]'''
| RD1-score4-1 = 18
| RD1-score4-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score4-3 = '''21'''

| RD2-seed1 = 1
| RD2-team1 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Unnati Hooda]]'''
| RD2-score1-1 = '''21'''
| RD2-score1-2 = '''21'''
| RD2-score1-3 =
| RD2-seed2 =
| RD2-team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Isharani Baruah]]
| RD2-score2-1 = 17
| RD2-score2-2 = 10
| RD2-score2-3 =
}}

=== Top half ===
==== Section 1 ====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1 = 1
| RD1-team1 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Unnati Hooda|U Hooda]]'''
| RD1-score1-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score1-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score1-3 =
| RD1-seed2 = PFQ
| RD1-team2 = {{flagicon|UAE}} [[Prakriti Bharath|P Bharath]]
| RD1-score2-1 = 12
| RD1-score2-2 = 18
| RD1-score2-3 =

| RD1-seed3 =
| RD1-team3 = {{flagicon|BUL}} [[Stefani Stoeva|S Stoeva]]
| RD1-score3-1 = 16
| RD1-score3-2 = 15
| RD1-score3-3 =
| RD1-seed4 =
| RD1-team4 = '''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Tidapron Kleebyeesun|T Kleebyeesun]]'''
| RD1-score4-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score4-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score4-3 =

| RD1-seed5 = 5
| RD1-team5 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Anupama Upadhyaya|A Upadhyaya]]'''
| RD1-score5-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score5-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score5-3 =
| RD1-seed6 = Q3
| RD1-team6 = {{flagicon|INA}} [[Dalila Aghnia Puteri|D A Puteri]]
| RD1-score6-1 = 14
| RD1-score6-2 = 13
| RD1-score6-3 =

| RD1-seed7 =
| RD1-team7 = '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Chiara Marvella Handoyo|C M Handoyo]]'''
| RD1-score7-1 = '''23'''
| RD1-score7-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score7-3 =
| RD1-seed8 =
| RD1-team8 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Adita Rao|A Rao]]
| RD1-score8-1 = 21
| RD1-score8-2 = 9
| RD1-score8-3 =

| RD2-seed1 = 1
| RD2-team1 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Unnati Hooda|U Hooda]]'''
| RD2-score1-1 = '''21'''
| RD2-score1-2 = '''21'''
| RD2-score1-3 =
| RD2-seed2 =
| RD2-team2 = {{flagicon|THA}} [[Tidapron Kleebyeesun|T Kleebyeesun]]
| RD2-score2-1 = 7
| RD2-score2-2 = 14
| RD2-score2-3 =

| RD2-seed3 = 5
| RD2-team3 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Anupama Upadhyaya|A Upadhyaya]]'''
| RD2-score3-1 = '''21'''
| RD2-score3-2 = 12
| RD2-score3-3 = 14
| RD2-seed4 =
| RD2-team4 = {{flagicon|INA}} [[Chiara Marvella Handoyo|C M Handoyo]]
| RD2-score4-1 = 16
| RD2-score4-2 = '''21'''
| RD2-score4-3 = 6r

| RD3-seed1 = 1
| RD3-team1 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Unnati Hooda|U Hooda]]'''
| RD3-score1-1 = '''21'''
| RD3-score1-2 = '''21'''
| RD3-score1-3 =
| RD3-seed2 = 5
| RD3-team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Anupama Upadhyaya|A Upadhyaya]]
| RD3-score2-1 = 16
| RD3-score2-2 = 15
| RD3-score2-3 =
}}

==== Section 2 ====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1 = 4
| RD1-team1 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rakshitha Ramraj|R Ramraj]]
| RD1-score1-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score1-2 = 17
| RD1-score1-3 = 13
| RD1-seed2 =
| RD1-team2 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Tasnim Mir|T Mir]]'''
| RD1-score2-1 = 17
| RD1-score2-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score2-3 = '''21'''

| RD1-seed3 = Q2
| RD1-team3 = '''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Nanami Someya|N Someya]]'''
| RD1-score3-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score3-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score3-3 =
| RD1-seed4 = PFQ
| RD1-team4 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Yashvi Bhat|Y Bhat]]
| RD1-score4-1 = 12
| RD1-score4-2 = 12
| RD1-score4-3 =

| RD1-seed5 = 7
| RD1-team5 = '''{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Tung Ciou-tong|Tung C-t]]'''
| RD1-score5-1 = 12
| RD1-score5-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score5-3 = '''21'''
| RD1-seed6 = Q4
| RD1-team6 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Medhavi Nagar|M Nagar]]
| RD1-score6-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score6-2 = 17
| RD1-score6-3 = 15

| RD1-seed7 =
| RD1-team7 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Aakarshi Kashyap|A Kashyap]]'''
| RD1-score7-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score7-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score7-3 =
| RD1-seed8 =
| RD1-team8 = {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Hsieh Yi-en|Hsieh Y-e]]
| RD1-score8-1 = 9
| RD1-score8-2 = 10
| RD1-score8-3 =

| RD2-seed1 =
| RD2-team1 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Tasnim Mir|T Mir]]'''
| RD2-score1-1 = '''23'''
| RD2-score1-2 = 12
| RD2-score1-3 = '''21'''
| RD2-seed2 = Q2
| RD2-team2 = {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Nanami Someya|N Someya]]
| RD2-score2-1 = 21
| RD2-score2-2 = '''21'''
| RD2-score2-3 = 14

| RD2-seed3 = 7
| RD2-team3 = '''{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Tung Ciou-tong|Tung C-t]]'''
| RD2-score3-1 = 11
| RD2-score3-2 = '''21'''
| RD2-score3-3 = '''21'''
| RD2-seed4 =
| RD2-team4 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Aakarshi Kashyap|A Kashyap]]
| RD2-score4-1 = '''21'''
| RD2-score4-2 = 8
| RD2-score4-3 = 18

| RD3-seed1 =
| RD3-team1 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Tasnim Mir|T Mir]]'''
| RD3-score1-1 = '''21'''
| RD3-score1-2 = '''21'''
| RD3-score1-3 =
| RD3-seed2 = 7
| RD3-team2 = {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Tung Ciou-tong|Tung C-t]]
| RD3-score2-1 = 19
| RD3-score2-2 = 6
| RD3-score2-3 =
}}

=== Bottom half ===
==== Section 3 ====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1 =
| RD1-team1 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashmita Chaliha|A Chaliha]]
| RD1-score1-1 = 16
| RD1-score1-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score1-3 = 15
| RD1-seed2 =
| RD1-team2 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Tanya Hemanth|T Hemanth]]'''
| RD1-score2-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score2-2 = 13
| RD1-score2-3 = '''21'''

| RD1-seed3 =
| RD1-team3 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Aalisha Naik|A Naik]]
| RD1-score3-1 = 17
| RD1-score3-2 = 12
| RD1-score3-3 =
| RD1-seed4 = 8
| RD1-team4 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Shriyanshi Valishetty|S Valishetty]]'''
| RD1-score4-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score4-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score4-3 =

| RD1-seed5 =
| RD1-team5 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Aditi Bhatt|A Bhatt]]'''
| RD1-score5-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score5-2 = '''24'''
| RD1-score5-3 =
| RD1-seed6 = PFQ
| RD1-team6 = {{flagicon|HKG}} [[Liang Ka Wing|Liang K W]]
| RD1-score6-1 = 19
| RD1-score6-2 = 22
| RD1-score6-3 =

| RD1-seed7 = PFQ
| RD1-team7 = {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Anna Iwaki|A Iwaki]]
| RD1-score7-1 = 8
| RD1-score7-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score7-3 = 18
| RD1-seed8 = 3
| RD1-team8 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Tanvi Sharma|T Sharma]]'''
| RD1-score8-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score8-2 = 17
| RD1-score8-3 = '''21'''

| RD2-seed1 =
| RD2-team1 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Tanya Hemanth|T Hemanth]]'''
| RD2-score1-1 = '''21'''
| RD2-score1-2 = '''21'''
| RD2-score1-3 =
| RD2-seed2 = 8
| RD2-team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shriyanshi Valishetty|S Valishetty]]
| RD2-score2-1 = 18
| RD2-score2-2 = 18
| RD2-score2-3 =

| RD2-seed3 =
| RD2-team3 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Aditi Bhatt|A Bhatt]]
| RD2-score3-1 = 18
| RD2-score3-2 = 20
| RD2-score3-3 =
| RD2-seed4 = 3
| RD2-team4 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Tanvi Sharma|T Sharma]]'''
| RD2-score4-1 = '''21'''
| RD2-score4-2 = '''22'''
| RD2-score4-3 =

| RD3-seed1 =
| RD3-team1 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Tanya Hemanth|T Hemanth]]'''
| RD3-score1-1 = '''21'''
| RD3-score1-2 = '''21'''
| RD3-score1-3 =
| RD3-seed2 = 3
| RD3-team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Tanvi Sharma|T Sharma]]
| RD3-score2-1 = 18
| RD3-score2-2 = 17
| RD3-score2-3 =
}}

==== Section 4 ====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1 = Q1
| RD1-team1 = {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Cheng Chih-yun|Cheng C-y]]
| RD1-score1-1 = 14
| RD1-score1-2 = 18
| RD1-score1-3 =
| RD1-seed2 = PFQ
| RD1-team2 = '''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Shiori Ebihara|S Ebihara]]'''
| RD1-score2-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score2-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score2-3 =

| RD1-seed3 =
| RD1-team3 = {{flagicon|THA}} [[Yataweemin Ketklieng|Y Ketklieng]]
| RD1-score3-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score3-2 = 19
| RD1-score3-3 = 21
| RD1-seed4 = 6
| RD1-team4 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Anmol Kharb|A Kharb]]'''
| RD1-score4-1 = 17
| RD1-score4-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score4-3 = '''23'''

| RD1-seed5 =
| RD1-team5 = '''{{flagicon|USA}} [[Ishika Jaiswal|I Jaiswal]]'''
| RD1-score5-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score5-2 = 16
| RD1-score5-3 = '''21'''
| RD1-seed6 =
| RD1-team6 = {{flagicon|BUL}} [[Kaloyana Nalbantova|K Nalbantova]]
| RD1-score6-1 = 17
| RD1-score6-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score6-3 = 18

| RD1-seed7 =
| RD1-team7 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Isharani Baruah|I Baruah]]'''
| RD1-score7-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score7-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score7-3 =
| RD1-seed8 = 2
| RD1-team8 = {{flagicon|THA}} [[Pornpicha Choeikeewong|P Choeikeewong]]
| RD1-score8-1 = 15
| RD1-score8-2 = 8
| RD1-score8-3 =

| RD2-seed1 = PFQ
| RD2-team1 = {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Shiori Ebihara|S Ebihara]]
| RD2-score1-1 = '''21'''
| RD2-score1-2 = 8
| RD2-score1-3 = 13
| RD2-seed2 = 6
| RD2-team2 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Anmol Kharb|A Kharb]]'''
| RD2-score2-1 = 6
| RD2-score2-2 = '''21'''
| RD2-score2-3 = '''21'''

| RD2-seed3 =
| RD2-team3 = {{flagicon|USA}} [[Ishika Jaiswal|I Jaiswal]]
| RD2-score3-1 =
| RD2-score3-2 =
| RD2-score3-3 =
| RD2-seed4 =
| RD2-team4 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Isharani Baruah|I Baruah]]'''
| RD2-score4-1 = w
| RD2-score4-2 = /
| RD2-score4-3 = o

| RD3-seed1 = 6
| RD3-team1 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Anmol Kharb|A Kharb]]
| RD3-score1-1 = 16
| RD3-score1-2 = 14
| RD3-score1-3 =
| RD3-seed2 =
| RD3-team2 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Isharani Baruah|I Baruah]]'''
| RD3-score2-1 = '''21'''
| RD3-score2-2 = '''21'''
| RD3-score2-3 =
}}

== Men's doubles ==
=== Seeds ===
{{colbegin}}
# {{flagicon|TPE}} [[He Zhi-wei]] / [[Huang Jui-hsuan]] ''(quarter-finals)''
# {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Su Ching-heng]] / [[Wu Guan-xun]] ''(semi-finals)''
# {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Kang Khai Xing]] / [[Aaron Tai]] ''(final)''
# {{flagicon|IND}} [[Pruthvi Roy]] / [[Sai Pratheek K.]] ''(quarter-finals)''
# {{flagicon|AIN}} [[Rodion Alimov]] / [[Maksim Ogloblin]] ''(first round)''
# {{flagicon|INA}} '''[[Ali Faathir Rayhan]] / [[Devin Artha Wahyudi]] (champions)'''
# {{flagicon|INA}} [[Muhammad Rian Ardianto]] / [[Rahmat Hidayat]] ''(quarter-finals)''
# {{flagicon|THA}} [[Pharanyu Kaosamaang]] / [[Tanadon Punpanich]] ''(first round)''
{{colend}}

=== Finals ===
{{4TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD-shade=#A8D3FF
| RD1=Semi-finals
| RD2=Final
| team-width=175

| RD1-seed1 =  
| RD1-team1 = {{flagicon|THA}} [[Chaloempon Charoenkitamorn]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Worrapol Thongsa-nga]]
| RD1-score1-1 = 19
| RD1-score1-2 = 19
| RD1-score1-3 =
| RD1-seed2 = 3
| RD1-team2 = '''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Kang Khai Xing]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Aaron Tai]]'''
| RD1-score2-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score2-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score2-3 =

| RD1-seed3 = 6
| RD1-team3 = '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Ali Faathir Rayhan]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Devin Artha Wahyudi]]'''
| RD1-score3-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score3-2 = '''22'''
| RD1-score3-3 =
| RD1-seed4 = 2
| RD1-team4 = {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Su Ching-heng]] {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Wu Guan-xun]]
| RD1-score4-1 = 15
| RD1-score4-2 = 20
| RD1-score4-3 =

| RD2-seed1 = 3
| RD2-team1 = {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Kang Khai Xing]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Aaron Tai]]
| RD2-score1-1 = '''21'''
| RD2-score1-2 = 12
| RD2-score1-3 = 16
| RD2-seed2 = 6
| RD2-team2 = '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Ali Faathir Rayhan]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Devin Artha Wahyudi]]'''
| RD2-score2-1 = 15
| RD2-score2-2 = '''21'''
| RD2-score2-3 = '''21'''
}}

=== Top half ===
==== Section 1 ====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1 = 1
| RD1-team1 = '''{{flagicon|TPE}} [[He Zhi-wei|He Z-w]] {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Huang Jui-hsuan|Huang J-h]]'''
| RD1-score1-1 = 16
| RD1-score1-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score1-3 = '''21'''
| RD1-seed2 =
| RD1-team2 = {{flagicon|INA}} [[Anselmus Breagit Fredy Prasetya|A B F Prasetya]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Pulung Ramadhan|P Ramadhan]]
| RD1-score2-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score2-2 = 12
| RD1-score2-3 = 14

| RD1-seed3 =
| RD1-team3 = '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Dexter Farrell|D Farrell]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Wahyu Agung Prasetyo|W A Prasetyo]]'''
| RD1-score3-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score3-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score3-3 =
| RD1-seed4 = PFQ
| RD1-team4 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Arya Thakore|A Thakore]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Dhruv Thakore|D Thakore]]
| RD1-score4-1 = 16
| RD1-score4-2 = 9
| RD1-score4-3 =

| RD1-seed5 = 5
| RD1-team5 = {{flagicon|AIN}} [[Rodion Alimov|R Alimov]] {{flagicon|AIN}} [[Maksim Ogloblin|M Ogloblin]]
| RD1-score5-1 = 20
| RD1-score5-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score5-3 = 19
| RD1-seed6 = Q3
| RD1-team6 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Nitin Kumar (badminton)|N Kumar]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Harsh Rana|H Rana]]'''
| RD1-score6-1 = '''22'''
| RD1-score6-2 = 4
| RD1-score6-3 = '''21'''

| RD1-seed7 =
| RD1-team7 = '''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Chaloempon Charoenkitamorn|C Charoenkitamorn]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Worrapol Thongsa-nga|W Thongsa-nga]]'''
| RD1-score7-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score7-2 = '''23'''
| RD1-score7-3 =
| RD1-seed8 =
| RD1-team8 = {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Bryan Goonting|B Goonting]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Fazriq Razif|Fazriq R]]
| RD1-score8-1 = 17
| RD1-score8-2 = 21
| RD1-score8-3 =

| RD2-seed1 = 1
| RD2-team1 = '''{{flagicon|TPE}} [[He Zhi-wei|He Z-w]] {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Huang Jui-hsuan|Huang J-h]]'''
| RD2-score1-1 = '''21'''
| RD2-score1-2 = '''21'''
| RD2-score1-3 =
| RD2-seed2 =
| RD2-team2 = {{flagicon|INA}} [[Dexter Farrell|D Farrell]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Wahyu Agung Prasetyo|W A Prasetyo]]
| RD2-score2-1 = 13
| RD2-score2-2 = 14
| RD2-score2-3 =

| RD2-seed3 = Q3
| RD2-team3 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Nitin Kumar (badminton)|N Kumar]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Harsh Rana|H Rana]]
| RD2-score3-1 = 16
| RD2-score3-2 = 8
| RD2-score3-3 =
| RD2-seed4 =
| RD2-team4 = '''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Chaloempon Charoenkitamorn|C Charoenkitamorn]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Worrapol Thongsa-nga|W Thongsa-nga]]'''
| RD2-score4-1 = '''21'''
| RD2-score4-2 = '''21'''
| RD2-score4-3 =

| RD3-seed1 = 1
| RD3-team1 = {{flagicon|TPE}} [[He Zhi-wei|He Z-w]] {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Huang Jui-hsuan|Huang J-h]]
| RD3-score1-1 = 12
| RD3-score1-2 = 22
| RD3-score1-3 =
| RD3-seed2 =
| RD3-team2 = '''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Chaloempon Charoenkitamorn|C Charoenkitamorn]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Worrapol Thongsa-nga|W Thongsa-nga]]'''
| RD3-score2-1 = '''21'''
| RD3-score2-2 = '''24'''
| RD3-score2-3 =
}}

==== Section 2 ====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1 = 3
| RD1-team1 = '''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Kang Khai Xing|Kang K X]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Aaron Tai|A Tai]]'''
| RD1-score1-1 = 19
| RD1-score1-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score1-3 = '''21'''
| RD1-seed2 =
| RD1-team2 = {{flagicon|THA}} [[Pongsakorn Thongkham|P Thongkham]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Wongsathorn Thongkham|W Thongkham]]
| RD1-score2-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score2-2 = 16
| RD1-score2-3 = 12

| RD1-seed3 =
| RD1-team3 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Viplav Kuvale|Vip Kuvale]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Viraj Kuvale|Vir Kuvale]]
| RD1-score3-1 = 12
| RD1-score3-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score3-3 = 16
| RD1-seed4 =
| RD1-team4 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Akshan Shetty|A Shetty]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sankar Prasad Udayakumar|S P Udayakumar]]'''
| RD1-score4-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score4-2 = 18
| RD1-score4-3 = '''21'''

| RD1-seed5 = 8
| RD1-team5 = {{flagicon|THA}} [[Pharanyu Kaosamaang|P Kaosamaang]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Tanadon Punpanich|T Punpanich]]
| RD1-score5-1 = 12
| RD1-score5-2 = 19
| RD1-score5-3 =
| RD1-seed6 =
| RD1-team6 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bhargav Ram Arigela|B R Arigela]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Viswa Tej Gobburu|V T Gobburu]]'''
| RD1-score6-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score6-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score6-3 =

| RD1-seed7 =
| RD1-team7 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Hari Bharathi Baskaran.P|H B Baskaran.P]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Bharathsanjai S]]
| RD1-score7-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score7-2 = 23
| RD1-score7-3 = 17
| RD1-seed8 =
| RD1-team8 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Nithin H.V.]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Venkata Harsha Vardhan Rayudu Veeramreddy|V H V R Veeramreddy]]'''
| RD1-score8-1 = 19
| RD1-score8-2 = '''25'''
| RD1-score8-3 = '''21'''

| RD2-seed1 = 3
| RD2-team1 = '''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Kang Khai Xing|Kang K X]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Aaron Tai|A Tai]]'''
| RD2-score1-1 = '''21'''
| RD2-score1-2 = '''21'''
| RD2-score1-3 =
| RD2-seed2 =
| RD2-team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Akshan Shetty|A Shetty]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sankar Prasad Udayakumar|S P Udayakumar]]
| RD2-score2-1 = 18
| RD2-score2-2 = 18
| RD2-score2-3 =

| RD2-seed3 =
| RD2-team3 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bhargav Ram Arigela|B R Arigela]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Viswa Tej Gobburu|V T Gobburu]]'''
| RD2-score3-1 = 18
| RD2-score3-2 = '''24'''
| RD2-score3-3 = '''21'''
| RD2-seed4 =
| RD2-team4 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Nithin H.V.]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Venkata Harsha Vardhan Rayudu Veeramreddy|V H V R Veeramreddy]]
| RD2-score4-1 = '''21'''
| RD2-score4-2 = 22
| RD2-score4-3 = 17

| RD3-seed1 = 3
| RD3-team1 = '''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Kang Khai Xing|Kang K X]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Aaron Tai|A Tai]]'''
| RD3-score1-1 = '''21'''
| RD3-score1-2 = '''21'''
| RD3-score1-3 =
| RD3-seed2 =
| RD3-team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Bhargav Ram Arigela|B R Arigela]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Viswa Tej Gobburu|V T Gobburu]]
| RD3-score2-1 = 17
| RD3-score2-2 = 12
| RD3-score2-3 =
}}

=== Bottom half ===
==== Section 3 ====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1 =
| RD1-team1 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Aditya Diwakar|A Diwakar]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kavin Thangam Kavin|K T Kavin]]'''
| RD1-score1-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score1-2 = 17
| RD1-score1-3 = '''21'''
| RD1-seed2 = Q2
| RD1-team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Navin Prasanth Eswaramoorthy|N P Eswaramoorthy]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Dhileepan Vel Murugan|D Vel Murugan]]
| RD1-score2-1 = 11
| RD1-score2-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score2-3 = 16

| RD1-seed3 =
| RD1-team3 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Abinash Mohanty|A Mohanty]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ayush Pattanayak|A Pattanayak]]
| RD1-score3-1 = 13
| RD1-score3-2 = 8
| RD1-score3-3 =
| RD1-seed4 = 6
| RD1-team4 = '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Ali Faathir Rayhan|A F Rayhan]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Devin Artha Wahyudi|D A Wahyudi]]'''
| RD1-score4-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score4-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score4-3 =

| RD1-seed5 =
| RD1-team5 = '''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Muhammad Faiq|M Faiq]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Lok Hong Quan|Lok H Q]]'''
| RD1-score5-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score5-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score5-3 =
| RD1-seed6 = Q1
| RD1-team6 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kishore Arunachalam Kumaravel|K A Kumaravel]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rohith Mohankumar|R Mohankumar]]
| RD1-score6-1 = 11
| RD1-score6-2 = 15
| RD1-score6-3 =

| RD1-seed7 = Q4
| RD1-team7 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Murali Krishna Kannuri|M K Kannuri]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Abhijit Maharana|A Maharana]]
| RD1-score7-1 = 17
| RD1-score7-2 = 17
| RD1-score7-3 =
| RD1-seed8 = 4
| RD1-team8 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Pruthvi Roy|P Roy]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sai Pratheek K.]]'''
| RD1-score8-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score8-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score8-3 =

| RD2-seed1 =
| RD2-team1 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Aditya Diwakar|A Diwakar]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kavin Thangam Kavin|K T Kavin]]
| RD2-score1-1 = '''21'''
| RD2-score1-2 = 7
| RD2-score1-3 = 16
| RD2-seed2 = 6
| RD2-team2 = '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Ali Faathir Rayhan|A F Rayhan]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Devin Artha Wahyudi|D A Wahyudi]]'''
| RD2-score2-1 = 16
| RD2-score2-2 = '''21'''
| RD2-score2-3 = '''21'''

| RD2-seed3 =
| RD2-team3 = {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Muhammad Faiq|M Faiq]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Lok Hong Quan|Lok H Q]]
| RD2-score3-1 = 18
| RD2-score3-2 = 14
| RD2-score3-3 =
| RD2-seed4 = 4
| RD2-team4 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Pruthvi Roy|P Roy]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sai Pratheek K.]] '''
| RD2-score4-1 = '''21'''
| RD2-score4-2 = '''21'''
| RD2-score4-3 =

| RD3-seed1 = 6
| RD3-team1 = '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Ali Faathir Rayhan|A F Rayhan]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Devin Artha Wahyudi|D A Wahyudi]]'''
| RD3-score1-1 = '''21'''
| RD3-score1-2 = '''21'''
| RD3-score1-3 =
| RD3-seed2 = 4
| RD3-team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Pruthvi Roy|P Roy]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sai Pratheek K.]]
| RD3-score2-1 = 15
| RD3-score2-2 = 18
| RD3-score2-3 =
}}

==== Section 4 ====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1 =
| RD1-team1 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Divyam Arora|D Arora]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Arsh Mohammad|A Mohammad]]
| RD1-score1-1 = 9
| RD1-score1-2 = 12
| RD1-score1-3 =
| RD1-seed2 =
| RD1-team2 = '''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Goh Boon Zhe|Goh B Z]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Wong Vin Sean|Wong V S]]'''
| RD1-score2-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score2-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score2-3 =

| RD1-seed3 =
| RD1-team3 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shashank Chhetri|S Chhetri]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Santhosh Gajendran|S Gajendran]]
| RD1-score3-1 = 9
| RD1-score3-2 = 9
| RD1-score3-3 =
| RD1-seed4 = 7
| RD1-team4 = '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Muhammad Rian Ardianto|M R Ardianto]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Rahmat Hidayat|R Hidayat]]'''
| RD1-score4-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score4-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score4-3 =

| RD1-seed5 = PFQ
| RD1-team5 = '''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Apichasit Teerawiwat|A Teerawiwat]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Thanadol Yunmongkol|T Yunmongkol]]'''
| RD1-score5-1 = 15
| RD1-score5-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score5-3 = '''21'''
| RD1-seed6 = PFQ
| RD1-team6 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Karthick Raja Balamurugan|K R Balamurugan]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[P. Parth Vaid]]
| RD1-score6-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score6-2 = 12
| RD1-score6-3 = 17

| RD1-seed7 = PFQ
| RD1-team7 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ayush Makhija|A Makhija]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sujey Tamboli|S Tamboli]]
| RD1-score7-1 = 17
| RD1-score7-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score7-3 = 17
| RD1-seed8 = 2
| RD1-team8 = '''{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Su Ching-heng|Su C-h]] {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Wu Guan-xun|Wu G-x]]'''
| RD1-score8-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score8-2 = 18
| RD1-score8-3 = '''21'''

| RD2-seed1 =
| RD2-team1 = {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Goh Boon Zhe|Goh B Z]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Wong Vin Sean|Wong V S]]
| RD2-score1-1 = 19
| RD2-score1-2 = 11
| RD2-score1-3 =
| RD2-seed2 = 7
| RD2-team2 = '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Muhammad Rian Ardianto|M R Ardianto]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Rahmat Hidayat|R Hidayat]]'''
| RD2-score2-1 = '''21'''
| RD2-score2-2 = '''21'''
| RD2-score2-3 =

| RD2-seed3 = PFQ
| RD2-team3 = {{flagicon|THA}} [[Apichasit Teerawiwat|A Teerawiwat]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Thanadol Yunmongkol|T Yunmongkol]]
| RD2-score3-1 = '''21'''
| RD2-score3-2 = 15
| RD2-score3-3 = 17
| RD2-seed4 = 2
| RD2-team4 = '''{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Su Ching-heng|Su C-h]] {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Wu Guan-xun|Wu G-x]]'''
| RD2-score4-1 = 17
| RD2-score4-2 = '''21'''
| RD2-score4-3 = '''21'''

| RD3-seed1 = 7
| RD3-team1 = {{flagicon|INA}} [[Muhammad Rian Ardianto|M R Ardianto]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Rahmat Hidayat|R Hidayat]]
| RD3-score1-1 = '''21'''
| RD3-score1-2 = 12
| RD3-score1-3 = 21
| RD3-seed2 = 2
| RD3-team2 = '''{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Su Ching-heng|Su C-h]] {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Wu Guan-xun|Wu G-x]]'''
| RD3-score2-1 = 13
| RD3-score2-2 = '''21'''
| RD3-score2-3 = '''23'''
}}

== Women's doubles ==
=== Seeds ===
{{colbegin}}
# '''{{flagicon|BUL}} [[Gabriela Stoeva]] / [[Stefani Stoeva]] (champions)'''
# {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Ong Xin Yee]] / [[Carmen Ting]] ''(final)''
# {{flagicon|INA}} [[Isyana Syahira Meida]] / [[Rinjani Kwinnara Nastine]] ''(semi-finals)''
# {{flagicon|IND}} [[Priya Konjengbam]] / [[Shruti Mishra]] ''(first round)''
# {{flagicon|INA}} [[Lanny Tria Mayasari]] / [[Amallia Cahaya Pratiwi]] ''(quarter-finals)''
# {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kavipriya Selvam]] / [[Simran Singhi]] ''(quarter-finals)''
# {{flagicon|IND}} [[Gayatri Rawat]] / [[Mansa Rawat]] ''(first round)''
# {{flagicon|INA}} [[Siti Sarah Azzahra]] / [[Az Zahra Ditya Ramadhani]] ''(quarter-finals)''
{{colend}}

=== Finals ===
{{4TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD-shade=#A8D3FF
| RD1=Semi-finals
| RD2=Final
| team-width=175

| RD1-seed1 = 1
| RD1-team1 = '''{{flagicon|BUL}} [[Gabriela Stoeva]] {{flagicon|BUL}} [[Stefani Stoeva]]'''
| RD1-score1-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score1-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score1-3 =
| RD1-seed2 = 3
| RD1-team2 = {{flagicon|INA}} [[Isyana Syahira Meida]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Rinjani Kwinnara Nastine]]
| RD1-score2-1 = 9
| RD1-score2-2 = 16
| RD1-score2-3 =

| RD1-seed3 =  
| RD1-team3 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Bhat K.]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shikha Gautam]]
| RD1-score3-1 = 13
| RD1-score3-2 = 16
| RD1-score3-3 =
| RD1-seed4 = 2
| RD1-team4 = '''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Ong Xin Yee]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Carmen Ting]]'''
| RD1-score4-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score4-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score4-3 =

| RD2-seed1 = 1
| RD2-team1 = '''{{flagicon|BUL}} [[Gabriela Stoeva]] {{flagicon|BUL}} [[Stefani Stoeva]]'''
| RD2-score1-1 = '''21'''
| RD2-score1-2 = '''21'''
| RD2-score1-3 =
| RD2-seed2 = 2
| RD2-team2 = {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Ong Xin Yee]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Carmen Ting]]
| RD2-score2-1 = 19
| RD2-score2-2 = 14
| RD2-score2-3 =
}}

=== Top half ===
==== Section 1 ====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1 = 1
| RD1-team1 = '''{{flagicon|BUL}} [[Gabriela Stoeva|G Stoeva]] {{flagicon|BUL}} [[Stefani Stoeva|S Stoeva]]'''
| RD1-score1-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score1-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score1-3 =
| RD1-seed2 =
| RD1-team2 = {{flagicon|THA}} [[Hathaithip Mijad|H Mijad]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Napapakorn Tungkasatan|N Tungkasatan]]
| RD1-score2-1 = 19
| RD1-score2-2 = 18
| RD1-score2-3 =

| RD1-seed3 =
| RD1-team3 = '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Velisha Christina|V Christina]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Agnia Sri Rahayu|A S Rahayu]]'''
| RD1-score3-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score3-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score3-3 =
| RD1-seed4 =
| RD1-team4 = {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Cheng Chih-yun|Cheng C-y]] {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Hsieh Yi-tsen|Hsieh Y-t]]
| RD1-score4-1 = 15
| RD1-score4-2 = 7
| RD1-score4-3 =

| RD1-seed5 = 5
| RD1-team5 = '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Lanny Tria Mayasari|L T Mayasari]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Amallia Cahaya Pratiwi|A C Pratiwi]]'''
| RD1-score5-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score5-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score5-3 =
| RD1-seed6 =
| RD1-team6 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shreya Balaji|S Balaji]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Deepta Sathish|D Sathish]]
| RD1-score6-1 = 17
| RD1-score6-2 = 11
| RD1-score6-3 =

| RD1-seed7 =
| RD1-team7 = {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Cheng Su Hui|Cheng S H]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Tan Zhing Yi|Tan Z Y]]
| RD1-score7-1 = 14
| RD1-score7-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score7-3 = 19
| RD1-seed8 =
| RD1-team8 = '''{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Chou Yun-an|Chou Y-a]] {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Sung Yi-hsuan|Sung Y-h]]'''
| RD1-score8-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score8-2 = 19
| RD1-score8-3 = '''21'''

| RD2-seed1 = 1
| RD2-team1 = '''{{flagicon|BUL}} [[Gabriela Stoeva|G Stoeva]] {{flagicon|BUL}} [[Stefani Stoeva|S Stoeva]]'''
| RD2-score1-1 = '''21'''
| RD2-score1-2 = '''21'''
| RD2-score1-3 =
| RD2-seed2 =
| RD2-team2 = {{flagicon|INA}} [[Velisha Christina|V Christina]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Agnia Sri Rahayu|A S Rahayu]]
| RD2-score2-1 = 19
| RD2-score2-2 = 12
| RD2-score2-3 =

| RD2-seed3 = 5
| RD2-team3 = '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Lanny Tria Mayasari|L T Mayasari]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Amallia Cahaya Pratiwi|A C Pratiwi]]'''
| RD2-score3-1 = 17
| RD2-score3-2 = '''21'''
| RD2-score3-3 = '''21'''
| RD2-seed4 =
| RD2-team4 = {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Chou Yun-an|Chou Y-a]] {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Sung Yi-hsuan|Sung Y-h]]
| RD2-score4-1 = '''21'''
| RD2-score4-2 = 15
| RD2-score4-3 = 19

| RD3-seed1 = 1
| RD3-team1 = '''{{flagicon|BUL}} [[Gabriela Stoeva|G Stoeva]] {{flagicon|BUL}} [[Stefani Stoeva|S Stoeva]]'''
| RD3-score1-1 = 16
| RD3-score1-2 = '''21'''
| RD3-score1-3 = '''21'''
| RD3-seed2 = 5
| RD3-team2 = {{flagicon|INA}} [[Lanny Tria Mayasari|L T Mayasari]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Amallia Cahaya Pratiwi|A C Pratiwi]]
| RD3-score2-1 = '''21'''
| RD3-score2-2 = 12
| RD3-score2-3 = 19
}}

==== Section 2 ====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1 = 3
| RD1-team1 = '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Isyana Syahira Meida|I S Meida]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Rinjani Kwinnara Nastine|R K Nastine]]'''
| RD1-score1-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score1-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score1-3 =
| RD1-seed2 = Q3
| RD1-team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Zenith Abbigail|Z Abbigail]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Likhita Srivastava|L Srivastava]]
| RD1-score2-1 = 10
| RD1-score2-2 = 13
| RD1-score2-3 =

| RD1-seed3 =
| RD1-team3 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vaishnavi Khadkekar|V Khadkekar]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Alisha Khan|A Khan]]
| RD1-score3-1 = 20
| RD1-score3-2 = 18
| RD1-score3-3 =
| RD1-seed4 =
| RD1-team4 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Srinidhi Narayanan|S Narayanan]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Reshika Uthayasooriyan|R Uthayasooriyan]]'''
| RD1-score4-1 = '''22'''
| RD1-score4-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score4-3 =

| RD1-seed5 = 7
| RD1-team5 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Gayatri Rawat|G Rawat]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mansa Rawat|M Rawat]]
| RD1-score5-1 = 16
| RD1-score5-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score5-3 = 13
| RD1-seed6 = Q1
| RD1-team6 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Aditi Bhatt|A Bhatt]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shravani Walekar|S Walekar]]'''
| RD1-score6-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score6-2 = 14
| RD1-score6-3 = '''21'''

| RD1-seed7 =
| RD1-team7 = '''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Chong Jie Yu|Chong J Y]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Vanessa Ng|V Ng]]'''
| RD1-score7-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score7-2 = 16
| RD1-score7-3 = '''22'''
| RD1-seed8 =
| RD1-team8 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Arathi Sara Sunil|A S Sunil]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Varshini Viswanath Sri|V Viswanath Sri]]
| RD1-score8-1 = 15
| RD1-score8-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score8-3 = 20

| RD2-seed1 = 3
| RD2-team1 = '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Isyana Syahira Meida|I S Meida]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Rinjani Kwinnara Nastine|R K Nastine]]'''
| RD2-score1-1 = '''21'''
| RD2-score1-2 = '''22'''
| RD2-score1-3 =
| RD2-seed2 =
| RD2-team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Srinidhi Narayanan|S Narayanan]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Reshika Uthayasooriyan|R Uthayasooriyan]]
| RD2-score2-1 = 12
| RD2-score2-2 = 20
| RD2-score2-3 =

| RD2-seed3 = Q1
| RD2-team3 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Aditi Bhatt|A Bhatt]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shravani Walekar|S Walekar]]
| RD2-score3-1 = 20
| RD2-score3-2 = '''22'''
| RD2-score3-3 = 15
| RD2-seed4 =
| RD2-team4 = '''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Chong Jie Yu|Chong J Y]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Vanessa Ng|V Ng]]'''
| RD2-score4-1 = '''22'''
| RD2-score4-2 = 20
| RD2-score4-3 = '''21'''

| RD3-seed1 = 3
| RD3-team1 = '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Isyana Syahira Meida|I S Meida]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Rinjani Kwinnara Nastine|R K Nastine]]'''
| RD3-score1-1 = '''21'''
| RD3-score1-2 = 14
| RD3-score1-3 = '''21'''
| RD3-seed2 =
| RD3-team2 = {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Chong Jie Yu|Chong J Y]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Vanessa Ng|V Ng]]
| RD3-score2-1 = 15
| RD3-score2-2 = '''21'''
| RD3-score2-3 = 18
}}

=== Bottom half ===
==== Section 3 ====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1 = Q4
| RD1-team1 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sakshi Gahlawat|S Gahlawat]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Taneesha Singh|T Singh]]
| RD1-score1-1 = 13
| RD1-score1-2 = 17
| RD1-score1-3 =
| RD1-seed2 = Q2
| RD1-team2 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[V R Nardhana]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Riduvarshini Ramasamy|R Ramasamy]]'''
| RD1-score2-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score2-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score2-3 =

| RD1-seed3 =
| RD1-team3 = {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Ho Lo Ee|Ho L E]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Amanda Yap (badminton)|A Yap]]
| RD1-score3-1 = 16
| RD1-score3-2 = 15
| RD1-score3-3 =
| RD1-seed4 = 6
| RD1-team4 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kavipriya Selvam|K Selvam]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Simran Singhi|S Singhi]]'''
| RD1-score4-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score4-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score4-3 =

| RD1-seed5 =
| RD1-team5 = '''{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Chen Hsuan-ni|Chen H-n]] {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Hsieh Mi-yen|Hsieh M-y]]'''
| RD1-score5-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score5-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score5-3 =
| RD1-seed6 =
| RD1-team6 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Hrissha Dubey|H Dubey]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ridhi Kaur Toor|R K Toor]]
| RD1-score6-1 = 11
| RD1-score6-2 = 14
| RD1-score6-3 =

| RD1-seed7 =
| RD1-team7 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Bhat K.|A Bhat K.]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shikha Gautam|S Gautam]]'''
| RD1-score7-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score7-2 = 8
| RD1-score7-3 = '''21'''
| RD1-seed8 = 4
| RD1-team8 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Priya Konjengbam|P Konjengbam]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shruti Mishra|S Mishra]]
| RD1-score8-1 = 14
| RD1-score8-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score8-3 = 12

| RD2-seed1 = Q2
| RD2-team1 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[V R Nardhana]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Riduvarshini Ramasamy|R Ramasamy]]
| RD2-score1-1 = 14
| RD2-score1-2 = '''21'''
| RD2-score1-3 = 15
| RD2-seed2 = 6
| RD2-team2 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kavipriya Selvam|K Selvam]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Simran Singhi|S Singhi]]'''
| RD2-score2-1 = '''21'''
| RD2-score2-2 = 19
| RD2-score2-3 = '''21'''

| RD2-seed3 =
| RD2-team3 = {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Chen Hsuan-ni|Chen H-n]] {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Hsieh Mi-yen|Hsieh M-y]]
| RD2-score3-1 = 14
| RD2-score3-2 = 15
| RD2-score3-3 =
| RD2-seed4 =
| RD2-team4 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Bhat K.|A Bhat K.]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shikha Gautam|S Gautam]]'''
| RD2-score4-1 = '''21'''
| RD2-score4-2 = '''21'''
| RD2-score4-3 =

| RD3-seed1 = 6
| RD3-team1 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kavipriya Selvam|K Selvam]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Simran Singhi|S Singhi]]
| RD3-score1-1 = 12
| RD3-score1-2 = 14
| RD3-score1-3 =
| RD3-seed2 =
| RD3-team2 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Bhat K.|A Bhat K.]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shikha Gautam|S Gautam]]'''
| RD3-score2-1 = '''21'''
| RD3-score2-2 = '''21'''
| RD3-score2-3 =
}}

==== Section 4 ====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1 =
| RD1-team1 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ishu Malik|I Malik]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Tanu Malik|T Malik]]
| RD1-score1-1 = 18
| RD1-score1-2 = 19
| RD1-score1-3 =
| RD1-seed2 =
| RD1-team2 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Nishu Malik|N Malik]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Muskan Sangwan|M Sangwan]]'''
| RD1-score2-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score2-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score2-3 =

| RD1-seed3 =
| RD1-team3 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Pranavi Natarajan|P Natarajan]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Anagha Aravinda Pai|A A Pai]]
| RD1-score3-1 = 12
| RD1-score3-2 = 17
| RD1-score3-3 =
| RD1-seed4 = 8
| RD1-team4 = '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Siti Sarah Azzahra|S S Azzahra]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Az Zahra Ditya Ramadhani|A Z D Ramadhani]]'''
| RD1-score4-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score4-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score4-3 =

| RD1-seed5 =
| RD1-team5 = {{flagicon|INA}} [[Nabila Cahya Permata Ayu|N C P Ayu]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Nahya Muhyifa|N Muhyifa]]
| RD1-score5-1 = 20
| RD1-score5-2 = '''24'''
| RD1-score5-3 = 19
| RD1-seed6 = PFQ
| RD1-team6 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Amrutha Pramuthesh|A Pramuthesh]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Nayana Sunil Oasis|N Sunil Oasis]]'''
| RD1-score6-1 = '''22'''
| RD1-score6-2 = 22
| RD1-score6-3 = '''21'''

| RD1-seed7 =
| RD1-team7 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rashmi Ganesh|R Ganesh]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sania Sikkandar|S Sikkandar]]
| RD1-score7-1 = 20
| RD1-score7-2 = 15
| RD1-score7-3 =
| RD1-seed8 = 2
| RD1-team8 = '''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Ong Xin Yee|Ong X Y]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Carmen Ting|C Ting]]'''
| RD1-score8-1 = '''22'''
| RD1-score8-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score8-3 =

| RD2-seed1 =
| RD2-team1 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Nishu Malik|N Malik]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Muskan Sangwan|M Sangwan]]
| RD2-score1-1 = 12
| RD2-score1-2 = 8
| RD2-score1-3 =
| RD2-seed2 = 8
| RD2-team2 = '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Siti Sarah Azzahra|S S Azzahra]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Az Zahra Ditya Ramadhani|A Z D Ramadhani]]'''
| RD2-score2-1 = '''21'''
| RD2-score2-2 = '''21'''
| RD2-score2-3 =

| RD2-seed3 = PFQ
| RD2-team3 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Amrutha Pramuthesh|A Pramuthesh]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Nayana Sunil Oasis|N Sunil Oasis]]
| RD2-score3-1 = 8
| RD2-score3-2 = 22
| RD2-score3-3 =
| RD2-seed4 = 2
| RD2-team4 = '''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Ong Xin Yee|Ong X Y]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Carmen Ting|C Ting]]'''
| RD2-score4-1 = '''21'''
| RD2-score4-2 = '''24'''
| RD2-score4-3 =

| RD3-seed1 = 8
| RD3-team1 = {{flagicon|INA}} [[Siti Sarah Azzahra|S S Azzahra]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Az Zahra Ditya Ramadhani|A Z D Ramadhani]]
| RD3-score1-1 = '''21'''
| RD3-score1-2 = 12
| RD3-score1-3 = 20
| RD3-seed2 = 2
| RD3-team2 = '''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Ong Xin Yee|Ong X Y]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Carmen Ting|C Ting]]'''
| RD3-score2-1 = 19
| RD3-score2-2 = '''21'''
| RD3-score2-3 = '''22'''
}}

== Mixed doubles ==
=== Seeds ===
{{colbegin}}
# '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Marwan Faza]] / [[Aisyah Pranata]] (champions)'''
# {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rohan Kapoor (badminton)|Rohan Kapoor]] / [[Ruthvika Gadde]] ''(withdrew)''
# {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Wu Guan-xun]] / [[Lee Chia-hsin]] ''(quarter-finals)''
# {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashith Surya]] / [[Amrutha Pramuthesh]] ''(quarter-finals)''
# {{flagicon|INA}} [[Dejan Ferdinansyah]] / [[Bernadine Wardana]] ''(final)''
# {{flagicon|THA}} [[Ratchapol Makkasasithorn]] / [[Nattamon Laisuan]] ''(second round)''
# {{flagicon|INA}} [[Bimo Prasetyo]] / [[Arlya Nabila Thesa Munggaran]] ''(quarter-finals)''
# {{flagicon|IND}} [[Dhruv Rawat]] / [[K. Maneesha]] ''(withdrew)''
{{colend}}

=== Finals ===
{{4TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD-shade=#A8D3FF
| RD1=Semi-finals
| RD2=Final
| team-width=175

| RD1-seed1 = 1
| RD1-team1 = '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Marwan Faza]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Aisyah Pranata]]'''
| RD1-score1-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score1-2 = 18
| RD1-score1-3 = '''21'''
| RD1-seed2 =
| RD1-team2 = {{flagicon|THA}} [[Tanadon Punpanich]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Fungfa Korpthammakit]]
| RD1-score2-1 = 17
| RD1-score2-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score2-3 = 12

| RD1-seed3 =  
| RD1-team3 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sathwik Reddy Kanapuram]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Reshika Uthayasooriyan]]
| RD1-score3-1 = 16
| RD1-score3-2 = 19
| RD1-score3-3 =
| RD1-seed4 = 5
| RD1-team4 = '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Dejan Ferdinansyah]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Bernadine Wardana]]'''
| RD1-score4-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score4-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score4-3 =

| RD2-seed1 = 1
| RD2-team1 = '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Marwan Faza]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Aisyah Pranata]]'''
| RD2-score1-1 = '''21'''
| RD2-score1-2 = '''21'''
| RD2-score1-3 =
| RD2-seed2 = 5
| RD2-team2 = {{flagicon|INA}} [[Dejan Ferdinansyah]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Bernadine Wardana]]
| RD2-score2-1 = 15
| RD2-score2-2 = 10
| RD2-score2-3 =
}}

=== Top half ===
==== Section 1 ====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1 = 1
| RD1-team1 = '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Marwan Faza|M Faza]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Aisyah Pranata|A Pranata]]'''
| RD1-score1-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score1-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score1-3 =
| RD1-seed2 =
| RD1-team2 = {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Wee Yee Hern|Wee Y H]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Vannee Gobi|V Gobi]]
| RD1-score2-1 = 18
| RD1-score2-2 = 11
| RD1-score2-3 =

| RD1-seed3 =
| RD1-team3 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Divyam Arora|D Arora]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Likhita Srivastava|L Srivastava]]'''
| RD1-score3-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score3-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score3-3 =
| RD1-seed4 =
| RD1-team4 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vishnu Kedhar Kode|V K Kode]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Nayana Sunil Oasis|N Sunil Oasis]]
| RD1-score4-1 = 18
| RD1-score4-2 = 13
| RD1-score4-3 =

| RD1-seed5 = 7
| RD1-team5 = '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Bimo Prasetyo|B Prasetyo]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Arlya Nabila Thesa Munggaran|A N T Munggaran]]'''
| RD1-score5-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score5-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score5-3 =
| RD1-seed6 = Q4
| RD1-team6 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Venkata Harsha Vardhan Rayudu Veeramreddy|V H V R Veeramreddy]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kavipriya Selvam|K Selvam]]
| RD1-score6-1 = 9
| RD1-score6-2 = 17
| RD1-score6-3 =

| RD1-seed7 = Q2
| RD1-team7 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Dhileepan Vel Murugan|D Vel Murugan]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Pranavi Natarajan|P Natarajan]]'''
| RD1-score7-1 = 14
| RD1-score7-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score7-3 = '''21'''
| RD1-seed8 =
| RD1-team8 = {{flagicon|INA}} [[Kenzie Yoe|K Yoe]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Luna Rianty Saffana|L R Saffana]]
| RD1-score8-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score8-2 = 16
| RD1-score8-3 = 17

| RD2-seed1 = 1
| RD2-team1 = '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Marwan Faza|M Faza]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Aisyah Pranata|A Pranata]]'''
| RD2-score1-1 = '''21'''
| RD2-score1-2 = '''21'''
| RD2-score1-3 =
| RD2-seed2 =
| RD2-team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Divyam Arora|D Arora]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Likhita Srivastava|L Srivastava]]
| RD2-score2-1 = 11
| RD2-score2-2 = 12
| RD2-score2-3 =

| RD2-seed3 = 7
| RD2-team3 = '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Bimo Prasetyo|B Prasetyo]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Arlya Nabila Thesa Munggaran|A N T Munggaran]]'''
| RD2-score3-1 = 18
| RD2-score3-2 = '''21'''
| RD2-score3-3 = '''21'''
| RD2-seed4 = Q2
| RD2-team4 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Dhileepan Vel Murugan|D Vel Murugan]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Pranavi Natarajan|P Natarajan]]
| RD2-score4-1 = '''21'''
| RD2-score4-2 = 15
| RD2-score4-3 = 9

| RD3-seed1 = 1
| RD3-team1 = '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Marwan Faza|M Faza]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Aisyah Pranata|A Pranata]]'''
| RD3-score1-1 = '''21'''
| RD3-score1-2 = '''21'''
| RD3-score1-3 =
| RD3-seed2 = 7
| RD3-team2 = {{flagicon|INA}} [[Bimo Prasetyo|B Prasetyo]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Arlya Nabila Thesa Munggaran|A N T Munggaran]]
| RD3-score2-1 = 15
| RD3-score2-2 = 15
| RD3-score2-3 =
}}

==== Section 2 ====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1 = 4
| RD1-team1 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashith Surya|A Surya]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Amrutha Pramuthesh|A Pramuthesh]]'''
| RD1-score1-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score1-2 = 19
| RD1-score1-3 = '''21'''
| RD1-seed2 =
| RD1-team2 = {{flagicon|BUL}} [[Evgeni Panev|E Panev]] {{flagicon|BUL}} [[Gabriela Stoeva|G Stoeva]]
| RD1-score2-1 = 19
| RD1-score2-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score2-3 = 13

| RD1-seed3 =
| RD1-team3 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Santhosh Gajendran|S Gajendran]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vaishnavi Khadkekar|V Khadkekar]]
| RD1-score3-1 = 11
| RD1-score3-2 = 14
| RD1-score3-3 =
| RD1-seed4 =
| RD1-team4 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Nitin Kumar (badminton)|N Kumar]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ritika Thaker|R Thaker]]'''
| RD1-score4-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score4-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score4-3 =

| RD1-seed5 = SWM
| RD1-team5 = {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Liew Xun|Liew X]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Ho Lo Ee|Ho L E]]
| RD1-score5-1 = 19
| RD1-score5-2 = 12
| RD1-score5-3 =
| RD1-seed6 =
| RD1-team6 = '''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Low Han Chen|Low H C]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Chan Wen Tse|Chan W T]]'''
| RD1-score6-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score6-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score6-3 =

| RD1-seed7 = Q3
| RD1-team7 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rohith Mariswamy|R Mariswamy]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ridhi Kaur Toor|R K Toor]]
| RD1-score7-1 = 15
| RD1-score7-2 = 11
| RD1-score7-3 =
| RD1-seed8 =
| RD1-team8 = '''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Tanadon Punpanich|T Punpanich]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Fungfa Korpthammakit|F Korpthammakit]]'''
| RD1-score8-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score8-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score8-3 =

| RD2-seed1 = 4
| RD2-team1 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashith Surya|A Surya]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Amrutha Pramuthesh|A Pramuthesh]]'''
| RD2-score1-1 = 17
| RD2-score1-2 = '''21'''
| RD2-score1-3 = '''21'''
| RD2-seed2 =
| RD2-team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Nitin Kumar (badminton)|N Kumar]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ritika Thaker|R Thaker]]
| RD2-score2-1 = '''21'''
| RD2-score2-2 = 13
| RD2-score2-3 = 19

| RD2-seed3 =
| RD2-team3 = {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Low Han Chen|Low H C]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Chan Wen Tse|Chan W T]]
| RD2-score3-1 = 20
| RD2-score3-2 = 20
| RD2-score3-3 =
| RD2-seed4 =
| RD2-team4 = '''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Tanadon Punpanich|T Punpanich]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Fungfa Korpthammakit|F Korpthammakit]]'''
| RD2-score4-1 = '''22'''
| RD2-score4-2 = '''22'''
| RD2-score4-3 =

| RD3-seed1 = 4
| RD3-team1 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashith Surya|A Surya]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Amrutha Pramuthesh|A Pramuthesh]]
| RD3-score1-1 = 7
| RD3-score1-2 = 8
| RD3-score1-3 =
| RD3-seed2 =
| RD3-team2 = '''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Tanadon Punpanich|T Punpanich]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Fungfa Korpthammakit|F Korpthammakit]]'''
| RD3-score2-1 = '''21'''
| RD3-score2-2 = '''21'''
| RD3-score2-3 =
}}

=== Bottom half ===
==== Section 3 ====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1 =
| RD1-team1 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ayush Dash|A Dash]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Purba Pratyasha Panda|P P Panda]]
| RD1-score1-1 = 19
| RD1-score1-2 = 15
| RD1-score1-3 =
| RD1-seed2 =
| RD1-team2 = '''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Par Tien Ann|Par T A]] {{flagicon|VEN}} [[Juliana Zefanya Gabriela|J Z Gabriela]]'''
| RD1-score2-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score2-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score2-3 =

| RD1-seed3 =
| RD1-team3 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sathwik Reddy Kanapuram|S R Kanapuram]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Reshika Uthayasooriyan|R Uthayasooriyan]]'''
| RD1-score3-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score3-2 = 15
| RD1-score3-3 = '''21'''
| RD1-seed4 = SWM
| RD1-team4 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ayush Agarwal|A Agarwal]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shruti Mishra|S Mishra]]
| RD1-score4-1 = 15
| RD1-score4-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score4-3 = 18

| RD1-seed5 =
| RD1-team5 = '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[M. Nawaf Khoiriyansyah|M N Khoiriyansyah]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Nahya Muhyifa|N Muhyifa]]'''
| RD1-score5-1 = 17
| RD1-score5-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score5-3 = '''21'''
| RD1-seed6 =
| RD1-team6 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ayush Makhija|A Makhija]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Simran Singhi|S Singhi]]
| RD1-score6-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score6-2 = 10
| RD1-score6-3 = 17

| RD1-seed7 =
| RD1-team7 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ishaan Bhatnagar|I Bhatnagar]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Priya Konjengbam|P Konjengbam]]
| RD1-score7-1 = 27
| RD1-score7-2 = 17
| RD1-score7-3 =
| RD1-seed8 = 6
| RD1-team8 = '''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Ratchapol Makkasasithorn|R Makkasasithorn]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Nattamon Laisuan|N Laisuan]]'''
| RD1-score8-1 = '''29'''
| RD1-score8-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score8-3 =

| RD2-seed1 =
| RD2-team1 = {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Par Tien Ann|Par T A]] {{flagicon|VEN}} [[Juliana Zefanya Gabriela|J Z Gabriela]]
| RD2-score1-1 = 19
| RD2-score1-2 = 12
| RD2-score1-3 =
| RD2-seed2 =
| RD2-team2 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sathwik Reddy Kanapuram|S R Kanapuram]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Reshika Uthayasooriyan|R Uthayasooriyan]]'''
| RD2-score2-1 = '''21'''
| RD2-score2-2 = '''21'''
| RD2-score2-3 =

| RD2-seed3 =
| RD2-team3 = '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[M. Nawaf Khoiriyansyah|M N Khoiriyansyah]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Nahya Muhyifa|N Muhyifa]]'''
| RD2-score3-1 = '''21'''
| RD2-score3-2 = '''21'''
| RD2-score3-3 =
| RD2-seed4 = 6
| RD2-team4 = {{flagicon|THA}} [[Ratchapol Makkasasithorn|R Makkasasithorn]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Nattamon Laisuan|N Laisuan]]
| RD2-score4-1 = 16
| RD2-score4-2 = 18
| RD2-score4-3 =

| RD3-seed1 =
| RD3-team1 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sathwik Reddy Kanapuram|S R Kanapuram]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Reshika Uthayasooriyan|R Uthayasooriyan]]'''
| RD3-score1-1 = '''21'''
| RD3-score1-2 = '''21'''
| RD3-score1-3 =
| RD3-seed2 =
| RD3-team2 = {{flagicon|INA}} [[M. Nawaf Khoiriyansyah|M N Khoiriyansyah]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Nahya Muhyifa|N Muhyifa]]
| RD3-score2-1 = 15
| RD3-score2-2 = 19
| RD3-score2-3 =
}}

==== Section 4 ====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1 =
| RD1-team1 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kevin Chaen Chhang Wong|K C C Wong]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Anagha Aravinda Pai|A A Pai]]
| RD1-score1-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score1-2 = 16
| RD1-score1-3 = 13
| RD1-seed2 =
| RD1-team2 = '''{{flagicon|UAE}} [[P.S Ravikrishna]] {{flagicon|UAE}} [[Janani Ananthakumar|J Ananthakumar]]'''
| RD1-score2-1 = 18
| RD1-score2-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score2-3 = '''21'''

| RD1-seed3 = PFQ
| RD1-team3 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Nithin H.V.]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Srinidhi Narayanan|S Narayanan]]
| RD1-score3-1 = 12
| RD1-score3-2 = 16
| RD1-score3-3 =
| RD1-seed4 = 5
| RD1-team4 = '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Dejan Ferdinansyah|D Ferdinansyah]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Bernadine Wardana|B Wardana]]'''
| RD1-score4-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score4-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score4-3 =

| RD1-seed5 = Q1
| RD1-team5 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vimalraj Annadurai|V Annadurai]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shreya Balaji|S Balaji]]
| RD1-score5-1 = 15
| RD1-score5-2 = 16
| RD1-score5-3 =
| RD1-seed6 = PFQ
| RD1-team6 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Aaryan Sapiah|A Sapiah]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Ponnappa|A Ponnappa]]'''
| RD1-score6-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score6-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score6-3 =

| RD1-seed7 =
| RD1-team7 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rohith Mohankumar|R Mohankumar]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Riduvarshini Ramasamy|R Ramasamy]]
| RD1-score7-1 = 12
| RD1-score7-2 = 17
| RD1-score7-3 =
| RD1-seed8 = 3
| RD1-team8 = '''{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Wu Guan-xun|Wu G-x]] {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Lee Chia-hsin|Lee C-h]]'''
| RD1-score8-1 = '''21'''
| RD1-score8-2 = '''21'''
| RD1-score8-3 =

| RD2-seed1 =
| RD2-team1 = {{flagicon|UAE}} [[P.S Ravikrishna]] {{flagicon|UAE}} [[Janani Ananthakumar|J Ananthakumar]]
| RD2-score1-1 = 7
| RD2-score1-2 = 16
| RD2-score1-3 =
| RD2-seed2 = 5
| RD2-team2 = '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Dejan Ferdinansyah|D Ferdinansyah]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Bernadine Wardana|B Wardana]]'''
| RD2-score2-1 = '''21'''
| RD2-score2-2 = '''21'''
| RD2-score2-3 =

| RD2-seed3 = PFQ
| RD2-team3 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Aaryan Sapiah|A Sapiah]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Ponnappa|A Ponnappa]]
| RD2-score3-1 = 24
| RD2-score3-2 = 17
| RD2-score3-3 =
| RD2-seed4 = 3
| RD2-team4 = '''{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Wu Guan-xun|Wu G-x]] {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Lee Chia-hsin|Lee C-h]]'''
| RD2-score4-1 = '''26'''
| RD2-score4-2 = '''21'''
| RD2-score4-3 =

| RD3-seed1 = 5
| RD3-team1 = '''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Dejan Ferdinansyah|D Ferdinansyah]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Bernadine Wardana|B Wardana]]'''
| RD3-score1-1 = 12
| RD3-score1-2 = '''21'''
| RD3-score1-3 = '''21'''
| RD3-seed2 = 3
| RD3-team2 = {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Wu Guan-xun|Wu G-x]] {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Lee Chia-hsin|Lee C-h]]
| RD3-score2-1 = '''21'''
| RD3-score2-2 = 16
| RD3-score2-3 = 10
}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://bwfbadminton.com/tournament/5265/odisha-masters-2025 Tournament link]

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box
|before=[[2025 Guwahati Masters]]
|title=[[2025 BWF World Tour|BWF World Tour]] [[2025 BWF season]]
|years=
|after=[[2025 BWF World Tour Finals]]
}}
{{S-end}}

{{2025 BWF World Tour}}
{{Odisha Masters}}

[[Category:Odisha Masters]]
[[Category:2025 BWF World Tour|Odisha Masters]]
[[Category:2025 in Indian sport|Odisha Masters]]
[[Category:December 2025 sports events in India|Odisha Masters]]

Qalandar (caste)

2025-12-21T15:00:10Z

Srcsdoon: enhance information additionally per sources

{{Short description|Muslim ethnic group in north India and Pakistan}}
{{Other uses|Qalandar (disambiguation)}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2024}}
{{EngvarB|date=April 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
|group = Qalandar
|poptime =
|popplace = {{hlist|India|Pakistan}}
|langs = {{hlist|[[Urdu]]|[[Hindi]]}}
|rels = Islam
|related = {{hlist|[[Jogi (castes)|Jogi]]|[[Jogi Faqir]]|[[Sai (caste)|Sai]]}}
}}

The '''Qalandar''' ({{langx|hi|क़लन्दर}}, {{langx|ur|قلندر}}) are a Muslim [[ethnic group]] found in [[North India]] and Pakistan. They are also known as '''Qalander Faqir'''.<ref name="Joseph C 2004">Why Bulbuls bark: conflict, continuity, and identity among professional strangers / Joseph C. Berland pages 235 to 255 in Customary strangers: new perspectives on peripatetic peoples in the Middle East, Africa, and Asia / edited by Joseph C. Berland and Aparna Rao. Westport, Conn. : Praeger, 2004.{{ISBN|0897897714}}</ref> A few Qalandar are also found in the [[Terai]] region of Nepal.<ref name="Aparna Rao' pages 53">''Peripatetic peoples and Lifestyles by Aparna Rao'' in Disappearing peoples?: indigenous groups and ethnic minorities in South and Central Asia / edited by Barbara A. Brower, Barbara Rose Johnston pages 53 to 72 {{ISBN|1598741209}}</ref>

==History and origins==
In Pakistan, the Qalandar are found mainly in [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]]. According to their traditions, they are descended from ancestors that arrived from [[Balkh]] and [[Bukhara]] in Central Asia in the distant past{{When|date=May 2024}}. They were said to be devotees of the [[Sufism|Sufi]] saint [[Bu Ali Shah Qalandar]] of [[Panipat]]. Unlike the [[Uttar Pradesh]] Qalandar, who moved east, the Qalandar of what became Pakistan began a slow migration westward, with small groups arriving in Punjab by the mid-15th century. At the time of the [[partition of India]] in 1947, the Muslim Qalandar of [[east Punjab]], which included Panipat and [[Karnal]], moved to Pakistan, joining groups who were already settled there.<ref name="Joseph C 2004"/>

==Present circumstances==
===In India===
In [[North India]], some Qalandar began leading bears, monkeys, and other performing animals with which they wandered, announcing their presence with an hourglass-shaped drum called a ''damru'', which was used in their performances for emphasis, while a larger group settled in Uttar Pradesh, [[Bihar]], and [[Bengal]] and began a sedentary life while continuing to hold their traditional mystic religious beliefs{{Clarify|date=May 2024|reason=It should be clarified what is meant by "traditional mystic beliefs"}}. Some of them became connected to different [[khanqah]] in Bihar, especially in [[Bihar Sharif]] and [[Danapur]].<ref>''Qalandar'' in The last wanderers: nomads and gypsies of India by Tejinder Singh Randhawa page 166 {{ISBN|0-944142-35-4}}</ref> Historically, all Qalandar were once nomadic, but many are now settled.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}} In 1972, bear hunting and capture were declared illegal in India,{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}} and there has been persistent effort by the Indian government to clamp down on bear performing.<ref>{{Cite web |last=LMurray |date=17 December 2007 |title=The Dancing Bears of India: Moving Toward Freedom |url=https://explore.britannica.com/explore/savingearth/the-dancing-bears-of-india-moving-toward-freedom |access-date=10 September 2025 |website=Saving Earth {{!}} Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref> In addition, the traditional occupation of bear fighting has received much criticism from animal rights activists in the West and has been banned in India.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}} Many Qalandar have become farmers, though their holdings are small, and many are sharecroppers. A much larger group of Qalandars are daily wage labourers, and they exist as a marginalized community, both socially and economically.<ref name="Aparna Rao' pages 53"/>

===In Pakistan===
The basic unit of the Qalandar society is the tent, or ''puki''. Each puki represents a [[commensal]] group, comprising a female, her spouse, and unmarried children. A collection of ''puki'' forms a ''dera'', or camp. Most members of the ''dera'' are related to each other. Marriages are formed with close kin, and the Qalandar practice both [[Parallel and cross cousins|cross-cousin and parallel-cousin]] marriages.<ref>Why Bulbuls bark: conflict, continuity, and identity among professional strangers / Joseph C. Berland pages 235 to 255 in Customary strangers: new perspectives on peripatetic peoples in the Middle East, Africa, and Asia / edited by Joseph C. Berland and Aparna Rao. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2004.{{ISBN|0897897714}}</ref>

Unlike their Indian counterparts, the Pakistan Qalandar are still nomadic, with most involved in their traditional occupations of entertainment routines involving trained bears, monkeys, dogs, and goats. In addition, they are often jugglers, acrobats, magicians, impersonators, and beggars. The Qalandar travel from community to community, setting up camp in [[fallow]] fields.<ref name="Joseph C 2004"/> In Pakistan, bears are trapped by members of the [[Kohistani people|Kohistani]] ethnic group and then sold to the Qalandar in markets in [[Peshawar]] and [[Rawalpindi District|Rawalpindi]]. The Qalandar are an extremely marginalized group, suffering from discrimination, and often victims of abuse by state officials such as the police or municipal staff.<ref name="Aparna Rao' pages 53"/>

==See also==
* [[Jogi (castes)|Jogi]]
* [[Mirshikar]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian Muslim}}

[[Category:Punjabi tribes]]
[[Category:Muslim communities of Uttar Pradesh]]

Kankai River

2025-12-18T17:51:49Z

Srcsdoon: New A Place.

{{Short description|River in Nepal}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2022}}

{{Infobox river
| name = Kankai River
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| name_other =
| name_etymology =

| image = Kankai nadi ko ek tasweer.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| map =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map_size =
| pushpin_map_caption=

| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[Nepal]]
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name2 =
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| subdivision_type4 =
| subdivision_name4 =
| subdivision_type5 =
| subdivision_name5 =

| length = {{convert|276|km|mi}}
| width_min =
| width_avg =
| width_max =
| depth_min =
| depth_avg =
| depth_max =
| discharge1_location=
| discharge1_min =
| discharge1_avg =
| discharge1_max =

| source1 = Mahabharat Lekh /[[Mai Pokhari]] Ilam Nepal
| source1_location = [[Nepal]]
| source1_coordinates=
| source1_elevation =
| mouth = [[Mahananda River|Mahananda]]
| mouth_location =
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|25|52|59|N|87|47|53|E|display=inline,title}}
| mouth_elevation =
| progression =
| river_system =
| basin_size =
| tributaries_left =
| tributaries_right = [[Ratua Khola]]
| custom_label =
| custom_data =
| extra =
}}

The '''Kankai River''' ({{langx|ne|कन्काई नदी}}, also referred to as '''Kankai Mai''') is a [[trans-boundary river]] flowing through the hills of [[Ilam District|Ilam]] and the plains of the [[Jhapa District]] in [[Nepal]]. It begins at the confluence of the [[Mai Khola]] and [[Deb Mai Khola]] rivers.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |author=Hirakaji Ghale |title=Independent Evaluation of Mai River Area Water Partnership (AWP) |date=September 2005 |url=https://jvs-nwp.org.np/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Number-31.pdf |location=Min Bhawan, Kathmandu |publisher=Consolidated Management Services Nepal (CMS) |accessdate=2020-12-02}}</ref>{{rp|p=3}}

The river overflows during monsoons, at times across thousands of hectares of fertile plains of Jhapa. The Kankai Irrigation Project, launched by the Nepalese government, irrigates southern Jhapa, including Shivganj, Pachgachi, and Mahavara.

The Kankai has several tourist hotspots along its course, such as in the areas of Domukha, [[Dhanuskoti]], Chuli, Chepti, and [[Maipokhari]]. The Kotihom Surunga Municipality holds an annual Mai Mela fair on Magh 1 (January 14), where people from Jhapa, Morang, Ilam, and various parts of India come to enjoy and perform religious activities.

A [[holy river]] for many Hindus living nearby, the Kotihom (eastern) riverbank is a common site for [[Indian rituals after death|death rituals]]. The cremation service Kankai Aryaghat was funded by public investment and built on the Kotihom bank of the river. It includes a river bridge that is {{Cvt|702|m|ft|abbr=on}} long.

==Etymology==
The river's name 'Kankai' is taken from the [[Sanskrit]] word {{Lang|sa|kanaka}} ({{Lit|gold}}). One common myth holds that, many years ago, a saint living in the hill region near the river found golden stones in the river, and hence gave it its name. 'Kanakawati Mai', one of the river's alternate names, means 'Goddess of gold'.

==Course==
The Kankai is a rainfed perennial river whose primary tributary, the [[Mai Khola]], originates in the [[Mahabharat Range]] in Jaubari region of Eastern Nepal.<ref name=":0" /> It flows for {{convert|276|km|mi}} distance through Nepal and then through the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Bihar]] to join the Mahananda in [[Kishanganj district]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://emily7787.wikispaces.com/file/view/Five+Themes+of+Geography+Master.pdf| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718051221/http://emily7787.wikispaces.com/file/view/Five+Themes+of+Geography+Master.pdf| url-status=dead| archive-date=2011-07-18| title=Five Themes of Geography| work=Rivers| access-date=2010-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url =http://kishanganj.bih.nic.in/river.htm |title =Kishanganj district |publisher =Kishanganj district administration |access-date =2010-05-22 |url-status =dead |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20100408074040/http://kishanganj.bih.nic.in/river.htm |archive-date =2010-04-08 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url =http://www.india9.com/i9show/Kankai-River-42058.htm | title = Kankai River | publisher =india9 |access-date = 2010-05-23}}</ref> The river has a drainage area of {{convert|1148|km2}}.<ref>{{cite web|url =http://assets.panda.org/downloads/himalayaglaciersreport2005.pdf | title = An overview of glaciers, glacier retreat and subsequent impacts in Nepal, India and China | publisher = WWF |access-date = 2010-05-23}}</ref>

The area has warm temperate rainy climates with mild winters. The upper part of the basin basically consists of granitic [[gneiss]] of Cambro-Ordovician age, and the lower part consists of Quaternary rocks. The Kankai is a gravelly river with more than 60% of its gravel being gneiss, and the rest consisting of different metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. The sediment yield of the river is estimated to be 148 thousand tons per year.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/JNGS/article/view/776 | title = Engineering, hydrological, and sedimentation studies of the Kankai River, eastern Nepal | last=UK Raghubanshi | publisher =Journal of Nepal Geological Society, Vol 36 (2007) |access-date = 2022-09-12}}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
===Irrigation system===
The Kankai Irrigation Project was developed for the purpose of irrigating {{convert|8000|ha}} of agricultural land in Jhapa, a [[Terai]] district located at the southeastern corner of Nepal. Its command area is flanked by the Kankai River in the east, the Khrisna River in the west, the [[Mahendra Highway]] in the north, and the Indian border in the south.

==== Development ====
A detailed feasibility study of the project was completed in 1970 with technical assistance from the [[Asian Development Bank|Asia Development Bank]] (ADB). The construction was carried out in two phases. The first phase was initiated in 1973 and completed in 1981 with substantial delays and cost overruns. The second phase, to irrigate an additional 3,000 hectares, started in 1980 and was completed in 1991, bringing only {{convert|2000|ha}} of land under irrigation. Thus, the total irrigation infrastructure developed is {{convert|7000|ha}} of land. The total cost of the project was [[Nepalese rupee|NRs]] 310 million, 63 percent of which came from an ADB loan.<ref name="irrigatin">{{cite web|url = http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6626e/x6626e12.htm | title = The modernization efforts of the Kankai irrigation system | publisher = FAO Corporate Document Repository |access-date = 2010-05-23}}</ref>

After the completion of the second phase of the project, financial assistance from ADB ceased and in 1993 the Kankai Development Board, formed in 1973 for the implementation of the construction works, was dissolved. Since then, the Kankai Irrigation Office, under the Department of Irrigation, has been responsible for the operation and maintenance of the system.<ref name="irrigatin" />

==== Structure ====
The diversion structure of the system is a {{convert|126|m|adj=on}} long, {{convert|1.85|m|adj=on}} tall, [[Ogee|ogee-type]], concrete [[weir]] constructed at the [[debouch]]ing point of the Kankai.<ref name="irrigatin" />

The canal system consists of a three-tier network of canals. The main canal is {{convert|34|km}} long with {{convert|74|km}} of secondary canals and {{convert|110| km}} of tertiary canals. The first {{convert|11.5|km|adj=on}} section of the main canal is lined and has a design capacity of {{Cvt|10.15|m3/s}}; the other sections are unlined and their capacity decreases from {{Cvt|7.25 to 1.75|m3/s}}.<ref name="irrigatin" />

The density of structures in the system is quite high. The canal network crosses many flashy rivers, hence many cross-drain structures ([[Siphon|siphons]]) have been built in the system. Steel gates have been built at all off-take points from the main canal and at all tertiary off-takes from secondary canals. The total number of such regulating structures is 322. Including all other subsidiary hydraulic structures, the structural density is as high as 0.2 per hectare.<ref name="irrigatin" />

The command area consists of flat land (average slope of 1/800) with fertile soil. The soil texture varies from loamy to sandy loam. [[Alluvium|Alluvial]] soils exist in most parts of the command area. Brown forest soil is found in the northern parts while paddy soil exists in the southern parts.<ref name="irrigatin" />
===Embankments===
The Kankai, flowing through the central part of the [[Jhapa District]], is one of the perennial rivers. Erosion of banks and inundation during rains cause problems for the residents of its catchment area near [[Satasidham]] and [[Panchganchi]] village development committees. The protection works—being carried out with an assistance of NRs 2.67 crores from the Government of India—will help control flooding and protect valuable agricultural land inhabited by over 31,000 people along the banks of the catchment area. The project is being implemented by the Department of Water Induced Disaster Prevention, Ministry of Water Resources, Government of Nepal, with the participation of local users.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.indianembassy.org.np/press-release/press-release.php?id=333 |title = Indian assistance of Rs. 15.66 crore in Jhapa and Ilam districts |work = Press Release |publisher = Indian Embassy |access-date = 2010-05-23 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101204225209/http://indianembassy.org.np/press-release/press-release.php?id=333 |archive-date = 2010-12-04 |url-status = dead }}</ref>

===Kankai Multipurpose Project===
The Kankai Multipurpose Project is proposed to be located in [[Jhapa District|Jhapa]] and [[Ilam District|Ilam]] districts of Nepal. While the reservoir and its catchment lie in Ilam district, the irrigation command area is in Jhapa district. A net area of {{convert|67450|ha}} will be irrigated. The project includes a 38-megawatt power plant. The project is part of the Kosi–Mechi link. The project has been stalled because of objections from India.<ref>{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=cgYwDW13ILoC&q=Kankai+River&pg=PA91 | title =The Nepal-India Water Relationship | last= Dwarika N. Dhungel, Santa B. Pun | date =18 January 2009 | isbn =9781402084034 |access-date = 2010-05-23}}</ref>{{Needs update|date=September 2023|reason=Source is from 2009}}

==Culture==
The Kankai River in Jhapa is a famous pilgrimage site, attracting devotees from Nepal and India.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.happy-nomads.nl/nepal-informatie/maghe-sankranti.html | title = Maghe Sankranti - festivals - Nepal |access-date = 2010-05-23}}</ref> People worship this river as 'Kankai Mai', the 'Goddess of gold'. The western bank of this river is known as Maidhar and the eastern one is known as Kotihom. Kankai Mela, one of the biggest [[Melā|mela]] in eastern region, is held here every [[Maghe Sankranti]], the first day of the tenth month [[Magh (Nepali calendar)|Magh]] of the Nepali calendar.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.aajabholi.com/index.php?page=sectionTitle&secId=9&subSecId=32&tId=117 | title = Mechi Zone |access-date = 2010-05-23}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Kankai_nadi_ko_ek_tasweer.jpg
Inkai_pul_2.jpg
Kankai_pul.jpg
Kankai_nadima_baneko_pulko_bord.jpg
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/13568926#map=8/26.512/88.006&layers=C Kankai River] marked on OpenStreetMap, retrieved 26 December 2021.

{{Hydrography of Nepal}}
{{Rivers in Bihar}}

[[Category:Rivers of Koshi Province]]
[[Category:Rivers of Bihar]]
[[Category:International rivers of Asia]]

Jubilee Hills

2025-11-04T09:13:32Z

Srcsdoon:

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2017}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jubilee Hills
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Neighbourhood]]
| image_skyline = Jubilee hills, Hyderabad (6 January 2008).jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Cancer foundation main road
| pushpin_map = India Hyderabad#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Hyderabad, India
| coordinates = {{coord|17.416471|N|78.438247|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of cities in India|City]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hyderabad, Telangana|Hyderabad]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Hyderabad Metro|Metro]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Jubilee Hills Check Post metro station]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[GHMC]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =13.45
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =148869
| population_as_of =2020
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Politics
| demographics1_title1 = MLA (Member of Legislative Assembly)
| demographics1_info1 = Vacant
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 500 033
| registration_plate = TG
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Secunderabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Secunderabad]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Sasana Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Jubilee Hills (Assembly constituency)|Jubilee Hills]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Urban planning|Planning]] agency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority|HMDA]]
| blank4_name_sec1 = Civic agency
| blank4_info_sec1 = [[GHMC]]
| website = {{URL|https://www.telangana.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Jubilee Hills''' is an affluent [[suburb]]an neighbourhood in the western part of [[Hyderabad, Telangana]]. It is one of the most expensive commercial and residential locations in India with prime land prices fetching up to {{convert|300000|$/sqyd|$/m2|$=₹|order=flip}} [{{cvt|{{To USD|300000|IND}}|$/sqyd|$/m2|$=US$|order=flip|disp=or}}]. A {{convert|6|acre|adj=on|order=flip}} tract of land in the city was sold for nearly {{INRConvert|3.34|b|lk=r|year=2005}} in 2005. Rental prices on Road Numbers 36 and 37 range from {{convert|100|-|200|$/sqft|$/m2|$=₹|order=flip}} [{{cvt|{{To USD|100|IND}}|-|{{To USD|200|IND}}|$/sqft|$/m2|order=flip|disp=or}}], among the top commercial rental locales in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cushwake.com/cwmbs3q08/pdf/hyderabad_retail_3q08.pdf|title=Commercial Real Estate Services | Netherlands | Cushman & Wakefield}}{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

This [[suburb]] is between the wealthy commercial district of [[Banjara Hills]] and is located within two kilometres of Hyderabad's IT hub of [[HITEC City]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/e-commerce-major-amazon-to-build-facility-in-hyderabad/article20842628.ece1|title=E-commerce major Amazon to build facility in Hyderabad|first=K. V.|last=Kurmanath|website=@businessline|date=13 August 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gsrkestates.com/news_n_update.php?&title=33|title=GSRK Group of Companies|website=www.gsrkestates.com|access-date=6 September 2014|archive-date=1 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101092210/http://www.gsrkestates.com/news_n_update.php?&title=33|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/Facebook-to-open-first-Asia-office-in-India/article16567237.ece|title=Facebook to open first Asia office in India|first=K. Srinivas|last=Reddy|newspaper=The Hindu |date=15 March 2010|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

To its southeast is the [[Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park]], the erstwhile [[Chiran Palace]], which is one of the largest urban [[national parks]] in India covering an area of {{cvt|1.58|km2}}.

==History==
{{Unreferenced section|date=July 2024}}
The idea of Jubilee Hills came about in 1963. In 1967, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] officer and [[Padma Shri]] award winner, [[Challagalla Narasimham]] was asked to become the President and "help proper development of the colony".{{cn|date=April 2022}} He was thought to be the best person for office since he had planned and developed several colonies in Madras. At the time, Jubilee Hills was a hilly terrain without development. Challagalla's family happens to be the first family to have built and occupied the house in Jubilee Hills, making them the first residents. By 1980, 350 houses were built in the area which started the subsequent growth of the area.{{cn|date=April 2022}}He had also cut down the trees to build his house and the others followed his example.

==Commercial area==

Jubilee Hills is home to the [[Telugu cinema|Telugu film industry]] hub of [[Film Nagar]], and some of its studios such as [[Ramanaidu Studios]], [[Padmalaya Studios]] and [[Annapurna Studios]] are located here. It is also home to most of the Telugu movie industry's actors, business tycoons, and leading politicians.

Jubilee Hills is the political heart of Hyderabad as well as the state of [[Telangana]]. The [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]] has recently built a headquarters here and the Telangana Ex-Chief Minister [[Kalvakuntla Chandrashekar Rao|KCR]] resides here. Large scale political rallies are witnessed in the area occasionally.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}

===Healthcare and education===
The [[Indian Heart Association]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianheartfoundation.org/index.html |title=Indian Heart Foundation |access-date=2012-01-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120128100304/http://www.indianheartfoundation.org/index.html |archive-date=28 January 2012 }}</ref> an international non-profit organisation focused on expanding South Asian cardiac health awareness is headquartered in Jubilee Hills. [https://www.hamstech.com/ Hamstech Institute of Fashion & Interior Design] is located here.

The [[Apollo Hospital]], Apollo Cancer institute, and other Apollo Subsidiaries located in Jubilee Hills  Apart from hospitals in health care, Jubilee Hills has also surrounded with diagnostic centres.

Jubilee Hills has numerous schools including [[Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Jubilee Hills]], P. Obul Reddy Public School, Jubilee Hills Public School, as well as [[Walden's Path]], Sreenidhi, Oakridge, and Orchids Schools in the posh commercial Road Number 37. [[Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Open University]] is a distance education university of higher education that is also located here. The regional office of the Central Silk Board is in Prashasan Nagar locality in Jubilee Hills. The neighbourhood is a base to a number of small IT startups and [[Business process outsourcing|BPO]]s.

===Media===

Jubilee Hills is home to large media houses like [[NTV (India)|NTV]], YuppTV, TV-9, TV5, T News, RMFT Rainbow Media, Mahaa TV, V6, CVR News, etc. It has become a media hub with a majority of the leading Telugu media houses headquartered here.

==Recreation==
[[File:Kbrpark.jpg|thumb|right|KBR Park]]
[[File:View of Lotus Pond.JPG|thumb|right|View of the Lotus Pond]]
The [[Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park]] and a man-made pond, [[Lotus Pond, Hyderabad|Lotus Pond]], are used by walkers and joggers. Also, there are two other significant natural water bodies in the area: [[Durgam Cheruvu]] and [[Hakimpet Kunta]]. The former is a major attraction to visitors where boating, trekking, restaurants, and an open-air disco operate. The State Gallery of Fine Arts is located to the northwest or in the region behind the business hub of Road Number 37.

Places for recreation in the region include the Jubilee Hills International Club, the Film Nagar Club, and the Hyderabad Gymkhana. The Jubilee Hills International Club (JHIC) is an exclusive membership only facility including outdoor Olympic-sized pools, indoor and outdoor restaurants, outdoor movie theatres, library, grand halls, playgrounds, fountains, badminton courts, squash courts, basketball courts, cricket courts, billiards hall, nature spaces, and grand lobby. The JHIC is home to the political and economic elites of [[Telangana]] . Nightlife in Jubilee Hills got enhanced by Dock 45, Fat Pigeon, Fusion 9, etc.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/hyderabad-pub-serves-45-ml-alcohol-charges-customers-60-ml-booked-102053|website=www.thenewsminute.com|access-date=2019-07-10|title=Hyderabad pub serves 45ml alcohol|date=20 May 2019 }}</ref>

===Places of Worship===
The Sita Ramaswamy Temple, Jagannath Temple, [[Peddamma Temple]] and [[Jubilee Hills Mosque and Islamic Centre]] are the most popular in the area.

==Transport==
[[TGRTC]] connects Jubilee Hills to the other parts of Hyderabad. The closest [[Hyderabad Multi-Modal Transport System|MMTS Train station]] is at [[HITEC City]]. State of the art [[Hyderabad Metro Rail]] blue line stations are at Road Number 5, Check Post, [[Peddamma Temple]], and near the intersection of Road Numbers 36 and 37 towards Madhapur road. The Telangana government has also announced the building of a flyover connecting Madhapur to the Jubilee Hills Check Post. The flyover will come up at the backside of Road Numbers 36 and 37.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140808/nation-current-affairs/article/flyover-jubilee-hills-checkpost-hyderabad|title=Flyover for Jubilee Hills checkpost in Hyderabad|first=coreena|last=suares|date=8 August 2014|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> With this addition, Jubilee Hills is set to be a central transport hub of [[Hyderabad]].

==References==
{{Portal|Hyderabad}}
{{commons category|Jubilee Hills}}
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MSJC3ayXxNY Jubilee hills - Road no 36]

{{Geographic Location
|Northwest = [[Madhapur]] / [[HITEC City]]
|North = [[Borabanda]]
|Northeast = [[Yousufguda]]
|West = [[Madhapur]] / [[HITEC City]]
|Centre = Jubilee Hills
|East = [[Banjara Hills]]
|Southwest = [[Gachibowli]]
|South = [[Raidurg]]
|Southeast = [[Toli Chowki]]
}}
{{Neighborhoods of Hyderabad|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Hyderabad, India]]

Rasmancha

2025-10-08T04:22:20Z

Srcsdoon: Starting Basic Post Basic Info!

{{Short description|Historical Hindu temple in West Bengal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Ras Mancha
| native_name = রাসমঞ্চ
| native_name_lang = bn
| image = File:Rasmancha Arnab Dutta 2011.JPG
| image_upright =
| alt =
| Peetham =
| caption = Ras Mancha

| religious_affiliation = [[Hinduism]]
| deity =
| tradition =
| organizational_status =
| functional_status =
| governing_body = [[Archeological Survey of India]]
| temple_board =
| festival = Ras utsav
| festivals =
| tower =
| temple_tank =
| temple_tree =

| location = [[Bishnupur (West Bengal)|Bishnupur]]
| locale =
| district = [[Bankura district|Bankura]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| province =
| country = {{flag|India}}
| map_type =
| map_size =
| map_alt =
| map_relief =
| map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|23|4|18.15125|N|87|19|36.44350|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =

| architecture_type = [[Bengal temple architecture]]
| architecture_style = ''[[Pyramid]]'' style, [[Chala Style|''Chala'']] style<ref>{{cite web |title=BHID: Bishnupur Heritage Image Database |url=https://www.isical.ac.in/~bsnpr/rasmancha.php |website=Indian Statistical Institute (ISI)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ASI notice |url=https://www.isical.ac.in/~bsnpr/LINK_Image/Rasmancha_ASI-notice_DSC02424.JPG}}</ref>
| founded_by = [[Bir Hambir|Hambir Malla Dev]]
| creator =
| established = {{Start date and age|1600}}
| groundbreaking =
| year_completed =
| date_demolished =

| facade_direction =
| length =
| width =
| height_max =
| site_area =
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| materials =Laterite Bricks and Terracotta tiles
| elevation_m =
| elevation_ft =
| elevation_footnotes =

| nrhp =
| added =
| refnum =
| designated =

| embedded =
| designation1 =Monuments of National Importance (India)
| designation1_type =Cultural
| designation1_offname =Ras Mancha
| designation1_criteria =
| designation1_date =
| delisted1_date =
| designation1_parent =
| designation1_number =IN-WB-24
| designation1_free1value=
| designation1_free2value=
| designation1_free3value=

| website =

| footnotes =
}}

The '''Rasmancha''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: রাসমঞ্চ; ''Raasmoncho'') is a historical temple located at [[Bishnupur, Bankura|Bishnupur]], [[Bankura district]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]].

== History and architecture ==
It was commissioned by [[Mallabhum kingdom|Mallabhum]] king [[Bir Hambir|Hambir Malla Dev]] (Bir Hambir) in 1600 CE. Length and breadth of this temple is 24.5 meter and the height is 12.5 meter. The base of the temple is made of laterite stone and upper part is made with bricks.

Built on a laterite plinth, it is an impressive square building with a small shrine in the centre and three-corridor galleries with vaulted roofs enclosing it.<ref name="ASI, Kolkata Circle">{{Cite web |title=ASI, Kolkata Circle |url=https://www.asikolkata.in/bankura.aspx#Rasmancha}}</ref> The building is used for putting up idols from other temples on the occasion of Ras festival.<ref name="ASI, Kolkata Circle"/>

During the [[Vaishnava]] Ras festival, all the [[Radha Krishna]] idols of Bishnupur town used to be brought here to be worshipped by the citizens.<ref name="bishnupur">''Bishnupur'' (Bengali), S. S. Biswas, Archaeological Survey of India, New Delhi, p. 23-24</ref> The annual festival was held in Rasmancha till 1932.

Rasmancha temple of Bishnupur is on the [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site|World Heritage Site's]] [[List of World Heritage Sites in India|Tentative list]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Centre |first=UNESCO World Heritage |title=Temples at Bishnupur, West Bengal |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1087/ |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}</ref> The Temples are designated as [[List of Monuments of National Importance in West Bengal|Monuments of National importance]] by [[Archaeological Survey of India|ASI]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links ==
{{commons category}}
{{Wikivoyage|Bishnupur (Rarh)}}

{{Mallabhum}}

{{Portal bar|India|Hinduism|History}}

[[Category:Radha Krishna temples]]
[[Category:Bankura district]]
[[Category:Mallabhum temples]]
[[Category:16th-century Hindu temples]]
[[Category:1600 establishments]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Bankura district]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Bankura district]]
[[Category:Bishnupur, Bankura]]
[[Category:Temples in Bishnupur, Bankura]]

National Highway 50 (India, old numbering)

2025-09-23T21:19:35Z

Srcsdoon: redirect

#REDIRECT [[National Highway 16 (India)]]

Diocese of Itanagar

2025-08-31T06:20:08Z

Srcsdoon: Added basic page first draft - done

{{Short description|Roman Catholic diocese in Arunachal Pradesh, India}}
{{no footnotes|date=May 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox diocese
| jurisdiction = Diocese
| name = Itanagar
| latin = Dioecesis Itanagarensis
| image =
| image_size = frameless
| image_alt =
| caption =
| coat =
| coat_size =
| coat_alt =
| coat_caption =

| country = {{flag|India}}
| territory =
| province = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Guwahati|Guwahati]]
| metropolitan = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Guwahati|Guwahati]]
| deaneries = 4
| headquarters =
| coordinates =

| area_km2 = 52,288
| area_footnotes =
| population = 850,270
| population_as_of = 2020
| catholics = 83,822
| catholics_percent = 9.1
| parishes = 42
| churches = 
| congregations = 
| schools = 
| members = 

| denomination = [[Catholic Church|Catholic]]
| sui_iuris_church = [[Latin Church]]
| rite = [[Roman Rite]]
| established = {{start date and age|2005}}
| dissolved =
| cathedral = Cathedral of St Joseph in [[Itanagar]]
| cocathedral =
| patron = [[Saint Joseph]]
| priests = 82

| pope = {{Incumbent pope}} 
| bishop = [[Benny Varghese Edathattel]]
| metro_archbishop = [[John Moolachira]]
| coadjutor =
| auxiliary_bishops =
| apostolic_admin =
| vicar_general = Jacob Mattathilany
| episcopal_vicar =
| judicial_vicar =
| emeritus_bishops = [[John Thomas Kattrukudiyil]]

| map =
| map_size =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =

| website = {{Official website|http://dioceseofitanagar.org/|dioceseofitanagar.org}}
| footnotes =
}}

The '''Roman Catholic Diocese of Itanagar''' (''Dioecesis Itanagarensis'') in [[India]] was created on 7 December 2005 by splitting it from the [[Diocese of Tezpur]]. It is a [[suffragan diocese]] of the [[Archdiocese of Guwahati]]. Its first [[bishop]] was [[John Thomas Kattrukudiyil]]. The [[St. Joseph]]'s church in Itanagar is the cathedral of the diocese.

The [[diocese]] covers 10 districts of the state of [[Arunachal Pradesh]] - Tawang, West Kameng, East Kameng, Papum Pare, Upper Subansiri, Lower Subansiri, Kurung Kamay, West Siang, East Siang and Upper Siang. Neighboring dioceses are the [[Diocese of Tezpur]] to the south, the [[Diocese of Miao]] to the east, [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Darjeeling|Diocese of Darjeeling]] in [[Bhutan]] to the west, and [[Diocese of Kangding]] in [[Tibet]] to the north.

The diocese covers an area of 52,288 km². As of 2020, 83,822 in the area are member of the Catholic Church. The diocese is subdivided into 42 [[parish]]es.
[[File:Roman Catholic Diocese of Itanagar.jpg|thumb|The Roman Catholic Diocese of Itanagar (Dioecesis Itanagarensis) in India was created on 7 December 2005 by splitting it from the Diocese of Tezpur.]]

==External links==
*[http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/itan0.htm GCatholic.org]
*[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/ditan.html Catholic-hierarchy.org]
*[http://www.fides.org/aree/news/newsdet.php?idnews=6342&lan=eng Vatican press release on the creation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310142624/http://www.fides.org/aree/news/newsdet.php?idnews=6342&lan=eng |date=10 March 2007 }}

{{coord|27.1033|N|93.6321|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Itanagar, Roman Catholic Diocese of}}
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses in India]]
[[Category:Christianity in Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Itanagar]]
[[Category:Christian organizations established in 2005]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 21st century]]
[[Category:2005 establishments in Arunachal Pradesh]]

{{ArunachalPradesh-geo-stub}}
{{India-RC-diocese-stub}}

Bund Garden metro station

2025-07-22T06:13:25Z

Srcsdoon:

{{short description|Pune Metro's Aqua Line metro station}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}{{Use Indian English|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Bund Garden
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| symbol_location =
| symbol =
| type = {{Pune Metro Infobox station line|line=Aqua}}
| style = Pune Metro
| image = Bund Garden metro station.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| address = Bund Garden, Pune, Maharashtra 411001
| borough =
| country =
| coordinates = {{coord|18.540162|73.883200|format=dms|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| owned = [[Maharashtra Metro Rail Corporation Limited]] (MAHA-METRO)
| operator = [[Pune Metro]]
| line = {{rcb|Pune Metro|Aqua|croute}}
| distance =
| platforms = [[Side platform]] Platform-1 → [[Ramwadi metro station|Ramwadi]] Platform-2 → [[Vanaz metro station|Vanaz]]
| tracks = 2
| train_operators =
| connections =
| structure = [[Elevated]], [[Double-track railway|Double track]]
| levels = 2
| parking =
| bicycle =
| architectural_style =
| accessible = Yes {{access icon}}
| code = BUN
| zone =
| website =
| opened = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2024|03|06}}
| closed = 
| electrified = {{25 kV 50 Hz}} [[Overhead line|overhead catenary]]
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_rank =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Pune Metro|line=Aqua|left=Ruby Hall Clinic|to-right=Ramwadi|right=Yerwada}}
| route_map = {{Pune Metro Aqua Line Route}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Pune Metro|Aqua}}
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Bund Garden''' is an elevated eastern terminal metro station on the East - West corridor of the [[Aqua Line (Pune Metro)|Aqua Line]] of [[Pune Metro]] in [[Pune]], India. It was opened on 6 March 2024 as an extension of Pune Metro Phase I.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-06 |title=PM Modi inaugurates Pune Metro route extension; these three new stations will be operational from today |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/pm-modi-metro-inauguration-ramwadi-stretch-pimpri-nigdi-9198703/ |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The trial run from this station till Ramwadi was started in September 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-09-06 |title=Pune: Bund Garden-Ramwadi Metro trials by September-end |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/bund-garden-ramwadi-metro-trials-by-sept-end/articleshow/103413501.cms |access-date=2024-03-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Aqua Line operates between Vanaz and Ramwadi stations.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-07 |title=Comfortable, convenient & economic: Citizens on Metro launch till Ramwadi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/metro-launch-till-ramwadi-citizens-share-their-experience/articleshow/108280993.cms |access-date=2024-03-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=It's official, PM to open Pune Metro service on two sections on Aug 1 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/pune-news/prime-minister-modi-to-inaugurate-pune-metro-stretches-on-august-1-including-crucial-civil-court-interchange-station-101690481441750.html |last=Gadkari |first=Siddharth |date=2023-07-27 |access-date=2023-08-04 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> It is located in the vicinity of an upmarket residential area with restaurants, schools and malls. The design of the station facade is inspired by elements of nature.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-21 |title=With wadas, pagdis and Dandi March, Pune Metro to offer a ride through city's culture, history |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/with-wadas-pagdis-dandi-march-pune-metro-offer-culture-history-8337307/ |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Station layout==
{{stack|{{Routemap
| title = Bund Garden track layout
| title-bg = #{{rail color|Pune Metro|Aqua}}
| legend = track
| collapsible = no
| map = vCONTgfa
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Pune Metro|Ruby Hall Clinic}}
*'''P2'''\cPLT\vSTR\cPLT\*'''P1'''
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Pune Metro|Yerwada}}
vCONTgfe
| bottom = <div style="width:23.5em;text-align:center">Station with two tracks and two side platforms </div>
}}}}
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;border-top:solid 1px grey;" width=50 valign=top|'''G'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=100 valign=top|Street level
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=500 valign=top|Exit/Entrance
|-
|valign=top|'''L1'''
|valign=top|Mezzanine
|valign=top|Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover 
|-
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=50 rowspan=4 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=100|'''Platform 1''' '''Eastbound'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=500|Towards → [[Ramwadi metro station|Ramwadi]] '''Next Station:''' [[Yerwada metro station|Yerwada]]
|-
|'''Platform 2''' '''Westbound'''
|Towards ← [[Vanaz metro station|Vanaz]] '''Next Station:''' [[Ruby Hall Clinic metro station|Ruby Hall Clinic]]
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" colspan=2 align=center|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=50 rowspan=2 valign=top|'''L3'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=100|
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=500|
|-
|}

==Entry/Exit==
{{Empty section|date=March 2024}}

==See also==
* [[Pune]]
* [[Maharashtra]]
* [[Urban rail transit in India#Rapid transit|Rapid Transit in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website}}

[[Category:Pune Metro stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2024]]

{{Pune Metro}}
{{Asia-metro-stub}}

Mirza Ghalib (TV series)

2025-06-23T04:14:22Z

Srcsdoon: created the biography needs work

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Mirza Ghalib (1988 TV series) DVD cover.jpg
| caption =
| alt_name = Mirza Galib
| genre = Historical drama
| creator =
| developer =
| writer = [[Gulzar]]
| director = Gulzar
| creative_director =
| presenter =
| starring = [[Naseeruddin Shah]] [[Tanvi Azmi]] [[Neena Gupta]]
| judges =
| voices =
| narrated =
| theme_music_composer =
| opentheme =
| endtheme =
| composer = Jagjit Singh & Chitra Singh
| country = India
| language = Urdu
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes =
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer = Gulzar
| editor =
| location =
| cinematography =
| camera =
| runtime =
| company =
| channel = [[DD National]]
| first_aired = {{start date|1988}}
| last_aired =
| related =
| image_size =
}}

'''''Mirza Ghalib''''' is an Indian Historical drama television drama series written and produced by poet [[Gulzar]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/mag/2006/07/23/stories/2006072300200500.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505080030/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2006/07/23/stories/2006072300200500.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2008-05-05 |title=Magazine / Interview : 'I did all kinds of films' |date=2006-07-23 |work=[[The Hindu]] |accessdate=2011-09-04}}</ref> The series was aired on [[Doordarshan]] [[DD National|National]] in 1988. [[Naseeruddin Shah]] played the role of [[Mirza Ghalib]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/2009/06/25202438/The-new-Bollywood-Muslim.html?d=1 |title=The new Bollywood Muslim - Culture |publisher=[[Livemint.com]] |date=2009-06-25 |accessdate=2011-09-04}}</ref> the famous classical Urdu and Persian poet from [[Mughal Empire]] during British colonial rule. The series featured [[ghazal]]s sung and composed by [[Jagjit Singh]] and [[Chitra Singh]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/mirza-ghalib-tv-show-5000763/|title=How Naseeruddin Shah, Gulzar and Jagjit Singh brought Mirza Ghalib to life in the 80s|date=27 December 2017}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* [[Naseeruddin Shah]] as [[Mirza Ghalib]]
* [[Tanvi Azmi]] as Umrao Begum<ref name="auto"/>
* [[Neena Gupta]] - Nawab Jaan<ref name="auto"/>
* [[Shafi Inamdar]] as [[Mohammad Ibrahim Zauq|Sheikh Mohammad Ibrahim Zauq]]
* [[Sudhir Dalvi]] as [[Bahadur Shah II|Bahadur Shah Zafar]]
* [[Parikshit Sahni]] as Nawab Shams-ud-Din
* [[Javed Khan Amrohi]] as [[Fakir]]
* [[Mac Mohan]] as Nawab Jaan's servant

== Music ==
It included music and narration. The songs were sung by [[Jagjit Singh]] and [[Chitra Singh]] and narration by [[Gulzar]].<ref name="auto"/>

'''List of Ghazals included in the TV Series'''

# Dil hi to hai
# Koi din gar zindagaani aur hai
# Hazaaron khawahishein aisi
# Har aik baat pe kehte ho tum
#Bazeecha-e-atfal hai duniya mere aage
# Aah ko chahiye ek umr
# Hain aur bhi dunya mein
# Ishq mujh ko nahin
# Yeh na thi hamari qismat
# Kisi ko de ke dil koi

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0216000}}
*[https://music.apple.com/in/album/main-ghalib/1402161315 Music of the TV Series on Apple Music]

[[Category:DD National original programming]]
[[Category:1988 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian historical television series]]
[[Category:1980s Indian television series]]
[[Category:Ghalib]]
[[Category:Works set in the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:Gulzar]]
[[Category:Television shows set in the British Raj]]
[[Category:Television series set in the 19th century]]
[[Category:Television series about Islam]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Indian monarchs]]

Chandragad Fort

2025-06-19T04:44:37Z

Srcsdoon: Added initial data w/ refs - done

{{Short description|Fort in Maharashtra, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox military installation
|name = Chandragad Fort
|partof = [[Sahyadri]] Hill Range
|location = [[Raigad district]], [[Maharashtra]]
|image =
|caption =
|map_type=India Maharashtra#India
| map_size = 300
|map_caption = Shown within [[Maharashtra]]
|type = Hill fort
|coordinates = {{coord|18|00|03.9|N|73|37|10.0|E}}
|materials = Stone
|height = 2337 Mt.
|used =
|condition = Ruins
|ownership = Government of India
|open_to_public = Yes
|controlledby = {{flagcountry|Maratha Empire}} (1656-1765) {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg}} [[East India Company]] (1818-1857)
* {{flagicon image|British Raj Red Ensign.svg}} [[British Raj]] (1857-1947)
{{flagcountry|India}} (1947-)
}}

'''Chandragad Fort ''' / '''Dhavalgad Fort''' is a fort located 182 km from [[Mumbai]], in [[raigad district]], of [[Maharashtra]]. This fort was an important fort in raigad district as a watch over for the [[Varandha Ghat]]trade routes from [[Bhor]] to kokan. The fort is surrounded by forest and hill slopes.

==History==
The fort is close to the [[Krishna River|Krishna]] river valley.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Gazetteers Department CHANDRAGAD |url=https://gazetteers.maharashtra.gov.in/cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/KOLABA/places_Chandragad.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324234737/https://gazetteers.maharashtra.gov.in/cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/KOLABA/places_Chandragad.html |archive-date=2016-03-24}}</ref> The fort was captured By Chh.[[Shivaji]] Maharaj from Chandrarao More on 15 January 1656 along with Kangori and Rayari. After the death of Chh. [[Sambhaji]] maharaj this fort was captured by Itkadar Khan Aka Zulfikar khan who was a commander of [[Aurangzeb]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://trekshitiz.com/trekshitiz/ei/Chandragad(Dhavalgad)-Trek-C-Alpha.html |title=Chandragad(Dhavalgad), Western Ghats, Sahyadri, Adventure, Trekking |website=trekshitiz.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905152423/http://trekshitiz.com/trekshitiz/Ei/Chandragad(Dhavalgad)-Trek-C-Alpha.html |archive-date=2018-09-05}}</ref>

==How to reach==
The trek route starts from Village Dhavale which is located in District Raigad ,Taluka Poladpur. Poladpur to Dhavale distance is 20– 25 km. The path passes through the small Shelarwadi hamlet.

==Places to see==
There are about 14 rock-cut water tanks and few dilapidated building structures on the fort and one shivleeng is their.

== See also ==
* [[List of forts in Maharashtra]]
* [[List of forts in India]]
* [[Marathi people|Marathi People]]
* [[List of Maratha dynasties and states]]
* [[Maratha War of Independence]]
* [[Battles involving the Maratha Empire]]
* [[Maratha Army]]
* [[Maratha titles]]
* [[Military history of India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Forts in Maharashtra}}
{{MarathaEmpire}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures of the Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:16th-century forts in India]]
[[Category:Forts in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Monuments of National Importance in Maharashtra]]

Gollabhama

2025-03-27T17:20:33Z

Srcsdoon:

{{short description|1947 film by C. Pullayya}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Gollabhama poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical poster of Gollabhama
| director = [[C. Pullaiah|C. Pullayya]]
| producer = Mirzapuram Raja
| writer = [[Vempati Sadasivabrahmam]] (Dialogues) (Songs)
| based_on = ''Kaasi Majili Kathalu'' by [[Madhira Subbanna Deekshitulu]]
| starring = [[Krishnaveni (actress)|Krishnaveni]] [[Eelapata Raghuramaiah]] [[Anjali Devi]] 
[[Rellangi]] 
[[V Venkateswarlu]]
| music = S. Hanumantha Rao S. B. Dinkar Rao
| cinematography = D. S. Kotnis
| editing = R. M. Venugopal
| studio = [[Sobhanachala Studios|Sobhanachala Pictures]]
| distributor = Chamria Talkies
| released = {{Film date|1947|2|22}}
| runtime = 125 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}

'''''Gollabhama''''' is a 1947 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Swashbuckler film|swashbuckler]] film directed by [[C. Pullaiah|C. Pullayya]].<ref>[https://archive.today/20130902203806/http://www.prabhanews.com/cinespecial/article-208917 1948లోనే తెలుగు చిత్రాల నిర్మాణం తడిసి మోపడు - ఆంధ్రప్రభ మే 4, 2011]</ref> [[Krishnaveni (actress)|Krishnaveni]] and [[Eelapata Raghuramaiah|Raghuramaiah]] played pivotol roles in the film.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gollabhama (1947)|url=https://indiancine.ma/ERR|access-date=2021-04-12|website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref> The film is produced by Mirzapuram Raja through [[Sobhanachala Studios|Sobhanachala Pictures]]. The film is based on the stories of ''[[Kasi Majili Kathalu]]'' written in Telugu by [[Madhira Subbanna Deekshitulu]]. It was released on 22 February 1947. The film is known to be one of the earliest Telugu film to contain sequences in colour. <ref>https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/page/indiandailymail19471227-1.1.6</ref>

== Plot ==
On the way to Kasi, a guru named Manisiddhu tells stories to Gollagopanna. On the way to Onadu, the sculpture with the pot on the grasshopper's head and the prince next to it sees a poem there and asks for its story.

‘'నృపతి చంపితిన్, మగడు భూరిభుజంగము చేత చచ్చే నే

నాపద చెంది చెంది ఉదయార్కుని పట్టణమేగి, వేశ్యనై

పాపము కట్టుకొంటి, అట పట్టి విటుండైరాగచూసి, సం

తాపము చెంది అగ్ని పడి దగ్ధముగా కిటు గొల్లభామనై

రుూ పని కొప్పుకొంటి నృపతీ వగపేటికి చల్లచిందినన్’’ (written in Telugu)

Siddhu explained the story to Gopanna as follows. Maharaja Kamapala (AV Subbarao) of the Vikramapuri kingdom was a woman who looked for an opportunity to take on a gollapaduchu (Krishnaveni). One day he is going to rape her in the forest and she ends him with a sword in his side. The prince of another country (Raghuramaiah) saves her from the captive prince, takes her to his kingdom, marries her with the permission of her parents, teaching her all education, education, music, dance, sword fighting, etc. in the name of autonomy.

One day, seeing a couple wandering in the garden, Mohini (Anjalidevi) in heaven turns on the prince. The snake kills the prince and takes the body with him to heaven. She wants him to come to life and paint himself. Otherwise the prince promises to destroy his wife and clan, spend one night with his wife and surrender to her. Accordingly, a Rei spends time with his wife who has come to heaven, and in that bliss the elixir couple drinks there. No one would believe me when I told her the spontaneous, husband-to-be thing that came back to the queen world the next day. The Maharaja's command to kill her, who had been pregnant for some time, in the forest, so that she would not die due to consuming the elixir, and from there give birth to Babu in a cocoon, and he stays away for 18 years in the house of a prostitute in the town of Udayarkuni. Her son grows up to be the prince of that country. As her form does not diminish, Swayamprabha finds her son who has gone to meet Swayamprabha, and from there she goes there, burns herself in the forest and is sheltered by a heron. Mohini in heaven, the rape drug applied to the prince does not work for a few years, and the prince sends Mohini to earth on fire. The prince arrives at his parents, reveals the truth about his wife, begins a search for her and travels the kingdoms to the village where she lives. The film ends with Bhupathi Bhupathi narrating her story in verse to the prince, who sees her laughing, and her husband, who heard it, finds out the truth and her son, who has just arrived, finds out the truth.

== Cast ==

* [[Krishnaveni (actress)|Krishnaveni]] as Swayamprabha
* [[Eelapata Raghuramaiah|Raghuramaiah]] as Prince
* [[Anjali Devi]] as Mohini
* Dasari Kotirathnam
* [[Sriranjani Jr.]] as Devakanya
* [[Relangi (actor)|Relangi]] as Friend of Prince
* Anjani Bai
* Sundaramma
* Gangaratnam as Vesya
* R. Ramireddy
* Vellanki Venkateswarlu
* Teegala Venkateswarlu
* A .V. Subbarao as Kamapaludu
* Koteswara Rao
* Mallikarjuna Rao
* Kumpatla Subbaravu
* K. Ramamurthy
*K. V. Subbaravu
*Venkatapati Raju
*Krishnamurthy
*Lingam Subbaravu
*V. Lakshmikantham
*A. L. Narayana
*Chandrakala
*Anjali Kumari
*Narimani

== Production ==
This is the first film starring [[Anjali Devi]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Guy|first=Randor|date=2014-01-18|title=Adieu to Anjali|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/adieu-to-anjali/article5590061.ece|access-date=2021-04-12|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Initially a part was shot under the direction of R. S. Prakash, but for some reason it was put aside and the whole film was completed again under the direction of [[C. Pullayya]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=గొల్లభామ {{!}} Andhrabhoomi - Telugu News Paper Portal {{!}} Daily Newspaper in Telugu {{!}} Telugu News Headlines {{!}} Andhrabhoomi|url=http://www.andhrabhoomi.net/content/flashback50-10|access-date=2021-04-12|website=www.andhrabhoomi.net}}</ref> Dance choreography is performed by V. Raghavaiah. T. V. S. Sarma is the art director of the film.

After the next 20 years, in 1968, the film was remade as ''[[Bhama Vijayam]]'' starring [[N. T. Rama Rao]] and [[Devika]] under Shekhar Films banner. The director of the film is also C. Pullayya.

== Soundtrack ==
{{Track listing
| title1 = Chandamama
| all_lyrics = Vempati Sadasivabrahmam
| extra3 = Raghuramayya, Krishnaveni
| extra2 = Krishnaveni
| extra1 = Raghuramayya, Krishnaveni
| length4 = 2:59
| length3 = 2:34
| length2 = 1:13
| title4 = Bhupati Chamipitini
| length1 = 4:05
| title3 = Prema Sudha
| title2 = Ravoye Ravoye
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| headline = Track list
| all_music = S. Hanumantha Rao, S. B. Dinakar Rao
| total_length = 10:51
| extra4 = Raghuramayya, Krishnaveni
}}

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|id=tt0255199|title=Golla Bhama|description=(1947)}}

[[Category:1947 films]]
[[Category:1940s Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Indian fantasy adventure films]]
[[Category:Indian swashbuckler films]]
[[Category:Films directed by C. Pullayya]]
[[Category:Films scored by S. Hanumantha Rao]]
[[Category:Films scored by S. B. Dinakar Rao]]

Authoor Vetrilai

2025-03-10T17:22:40Z

Srcsdoon: put up a data!

{{Short description|Type of Betel leaf variety from Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Infobox geographical indication
| name = Authoor Vetrilai
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| alternative names =
| description = Betel leaf variety cultivated in Tamil Nadu, India
| type = Betel leaf
| area = Authoor and nearby areas of Thoothukudi district
| country = [[India]]
| registered = 31 March 2023
| material =
| official website ={{URL|https://search.ipindia.gov.in/GirPublic/Application/Details/464|ipindia.gov.in}}}}

'''Authoor Vetrilai''' is a traditional crop variety of [[Betel leaf]] cultivated in the [[State of India|Indian state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name=":thehindu">{{cite news |last1=Kandavel |first1=Sangeetha |title=GI tag sought for Authoor Vetrilai |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/gi-tag-sought-for-authoor-vetrilai/article33079292.ece |access-date=25 January 2025 |work=The Hindu |date=11 November 2020 |language=en-IN}}</ref> It is mainly cultivated in [[Athur, Thoothukudi|Authoor]], Rajapathi, Chokkapalakarai, [[Maranthalai]], Vellakoil, Melaattur, Sernthapoomangalam, [[Vazhavallan]], [[Korkai]] and [[Umarikadu]] block [[panchayaths]] of [[Thoothukudi]] district of Tamil Nadu.<ref name="newindiaexpress">{{cite news |last1=Dass |first1=S. Godson Wisely |date=9 April 2023 |title=Spicy Authoor vetrilai of Tamil Nadu bags GI tag |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2023/Apr/09/spicy-authoor-vetrilai-of-tamil-nadu-bags-gi-tag-2564072.html |access-date=25 January 2025 |work=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

Under its [[Geographical Indications in India|Geographical Indication]] tag, it is referred to as "Authoor Vetrilai".<ref>{{cite web |title=Authoor Vetrilai |url=https://search.ipindia.gov.in/GIRPublic/Application/Details/719 |website=Intellectual Property India |access-date=25 January 2025}}</ref>

==Name==
It is named after its place of origin, the Authoor region.<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite news |title=Geographic Index certificate handed over to ‘Authoor betel leaf’ farmers |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/geographic-index-certificate-handed-over-to-authoor-betel-leaf-farmers/article67281258.ece |access-date=25 January 2025 |work=The Hindu |date=8 September 2023 |language=en-IN}}</ref> "Vetrilai" means "betel leaf" in the local state language of [[Tamil language|Tamil]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Betel leaf — much maligned, yet valuable |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/Betel-leaf-mdash-much-maligned-yet-valuable/article15675558.ece#:~:text=The%20betel%20leaf%20%E2%80%94%20called%20Tambula,of%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia. |access-date=25 January 2025 |work=The Hindu |date=4 November 2010 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

==Description==
This variety of betel leaf comes in three distinct variants - Nattukodi, Pachaikodi, and Karpoori.<ref name="threeBetelLeaves"/> The book "[[The Travels of Marco Polo|The Travels of Marco Polo (The Venetian)]]" mentions the use of betel leaves in the city of Kael, which is located just 10 km from Authoor village.<ref name=":yahoo"/> Authoor and nearby areas in Thoothukudi district are famous for betel vine cultivation, covering 200 hectares.<ref name=":thehindu"/> The [[Thamirabarani River|Thamirabarani]] river is the primary source of irrigation. Betel leaves play a significant role in various aspects of life, including food, medicine, social, and religious purposes. They are an essential item in social gatherings, weddings, and festivals.<ref name=":yahoo">{{cite news |title=GI Tag For Betel Leaf? Authoor Vattara Vetrilai Viyabarigal Sangam Seeks Geographical Indication Tag for Authoor Vetrilai |url=https://sg.news.yahoo.com/gi-tag-betel-leaf-authoor-094223558.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAHF0ivJwMR0qglD3NmREhV50h8xJt5agKISDYqhnk0VKtTQ980MWetSSdimvn1uEcLl_-DD_vqL73_ND4lHp1_T1kXpW6_49ipNaJeiSxnqthIlEluzt5AkLbLxMA6QtRMWVNz_s1xe6l-qxE_w2AOl_CeBF-SkSSCP9PZv34CVc |access-date=25 January 2025 |work=Yahoo News |date=12 November 2020 |language=en-SG}}</ref> The majority of people in Authoor and nearby areas depend on betel vine cultivation and allied sectors for their livelihood. The farmers of Authoor cultivate several varieties of betel leaves, including 'Chakkai', 'Maaththu', 'Raasi', and 'Sanna Ragam'. However, it's the 'Chakkai' and 'Maaththu' varieties that are in high demand and enjoy an excellent market in major cities across India, including [[Indore]], [[Jaipur]], [[Bhopal]], [[Delhi]], [[Mumbai]], [[Agra]], [[Bengaluru]], [[Nellore]], and [[Thiruvananthapuram]].<ref name="The Hindu"/>

==Geographical indication==
It was awarded the [[List of geographical indications in India|Geographical Indication]] (GI) status tag from the [[Geographical Indication Registry (India)|Geographical Indications Registry]], under the [[Government of India|Union Government of India]], on 31 March 2023 which is valid up to 10 November 2030.<ref>{{cite news |title=Manapparai murukku, Salem sago all set to get GI tag |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/trichy/manapparai-murukku-salem-sago-all-set-to-get-gi-tag/articleshow/99157867.cms |access-date=25 January 2025 |work=The Times of India |date=1 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Authoor Betel Leaf |url=https://search.ipindia.gov.in/GIRPublic/Application/Details/464 |website=Intellectual Property India |access-date=25 January 2025}}</ref>

Authoor Vattara Vetrilai Viyasayigal Sangam from Authoor, proposed the GI registration of 'Authoor Vetrilai'.<ref name="threeBetelLeaves">{{cite news |last1=Kandavel |first1=Sangeetha |title=The three betel leaf varieties of Tamil Nadu that stand out for their taste and aroma |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/the-three-betel-leaf-varieties-of-tamil-nadu-that-stand-out-for-their-taste-and-aroma/article67677540.ece |access-date=25 January 2025 |work=The Hindu |date=26 December 2023 |language=en-IN}}</ref> After filing the application in November 2020, the Betel leaf was granted the GI tag in 2023 by the Geographical Indication Registry in [[Chennai]], making the name "Authoor Vetrilai" exclusive to the Betel leaf cultivated in the region. It thus became the first Betel leaf variety from Tamil Nadu and the 53rd type of goods from Tamil Nadu to earn the GI tag.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Service |first1=Express News |title=Geographical Indication certificate issued for Authoor betel leaves |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2023/Jul/13/geographical-indication-certificate-issued-for-authoor-betel-leaves-2594155.html |access-date=25 January 2025 |work=The New Indian Express |date=13 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Watch {{!}} Tamil Nadu’s Authoor betel leaf gets Geographical Indication tag |url=https://www.thehindu.com/videos/watch-tamil-nadu-authoor-betel-leaf-gets-geographical-indication-tag/article66723712.ece |access-date=25 January 2025 |work=The Hindu |date=11 April 2023 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kandavel |first1=Sangeetha |title=Manapparai murukku, Cumbum panneer thratchai, Marthandam honey among 11 products from T.N. to get GI tag |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/manapparai-murukku-cumbum-panneer-thratchai-marthandam-honey-among-11-products-from-tn-to-get-gi-tag/article66684831.ece |access-date=25 January 2025 |work=The Hindu |date=31 March 2023 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

The prestigious GI tag, awarded by the GI registry, certifies that a product possesses distinct qualities, adheres to traditional production methods, and has earned a reputation rooted in its geographical origin.

==See also==
* [[Banaras Pan]]
* [[Magahi Paan]]
* [[Tirur Betel Leaf]]
* [[Sholavandan Vetrilai]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Indian cuisine]]
[[Category:Tamil cuisine]]
[[Category:Economy of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:GI Tagged Betel leaf varieties of India]]
[[Category:Agriculture in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Geographical indications in Tamil Nadu]]

Baba Mastnath University

2025-01-04T03:37:32Z

Srcsdoon: brief rework citations also and fixed typos based on references

{{Short description|Private university in Haryana, India}}
{{Primary sources|date=February 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}

{{Infobox university
| name = Baba Mastnath University
| native_name =
| logo =
| image = Baba Mastnath University logo.png
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| latin_name =
| motto =
| mottoeng =
| established = {{Start date|df=yes|2012|02|10}}
| closed =
| type = [[Private university|Private]]
| affiliation =
| endowment =
| budget =
| rector =
| officer_in_charge =
| chancellor = [[Mahant Balaknath]]
| president =
| vice-president =
| superintendent =
| provost =
| vice_chancellor = Prof. H. L. Verma
| principal =
| dean =
| director =
| academic_staff =
| administrative_staff =
| students = 10000
| doctoral =
| other =
| city = [[Rohtak]]
| state = [[Haryana]]
| province =
| postalcode = 121021
| country = India
| campus = Rural
| former_names =
| free_label =
| free =
| athletics =
| colours =
| sports =
| other_name = BMU
| mascot =
| website = {{URL|http://bmu.ac.in/}}
| coor = {{Coord|28.8749|76.6446|type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| colors =
| academic_affiliations = [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ugc.ac.in/privateuniversitylist.aspx?id=8&Unitype=3|title=University|website=Ugc.ac.in|accessdate=30 April 2019}}</ref>
}}

'''Baba Mastnath University''' is an Indian university located in [[Rohtak]]. It is a [[Private University (India)|private]] self financing university. BMU is situated in Rohtak on the Delhi-Rohtak [[National Highway 10 (India, old numbering)|NH-10]] highway.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Baba Mast Nath University, Haryana |url=https://www.ugc.gov.in/pdfnews/6103163_BabaMastNathUniversity-Haryana.pdf }}</ref>

== Faculties at BMU ==

# Faculty of Ayurveda [https://bmu.ac.in/]
# Faculty of Physiotherapy
# Faculty of Nursing
# Faculty of Sciences
# Faculty of Pharmacy
# Faculty of Humanities
# Faculty of Commerce & Management
# Faculty of Law
# Faculty of Engineering

==Academics==
BMU offers [[Bachelor's degree|under graduate]], [[Postgraduate education|post graduate]] and [[Doctoral programme|doctoral programmes]] for the following: Ayurveda (B.A.M.S), Physiotherapy, Nursing, Sciences, Pharmacy, Humanities, Management & Commerce, Law, Naturopathy & Yogic Sciences, Engineering, Education, Mass Media, Computer Sciences. Social Work, Medical and Para-Medical, Pharmacy, Life and Basic Sciences. The university also offers this for languages such as [[Hindi]], [[Sanskrit]] and [[English language|English]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Programmes and courses of BMU |url=https://bmu.ac.in/courses.php |accessdate=30 April 2019 |website=Bmu.ac.in}}</ref>

===Accreditation===
Baba Mastnath University is a UGC approved University.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ugc.ac.in/pdfnews/6103163_BabaMastNathUniversity-Haryana.pdf|title=Proforma for Submission of Expert Committee Report|website=Ugc.ac.in|accessdate=30 April 2019}}</ref> It has been established and set up under the Haryana Private Universities Act, 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bmu.ac.in/archive/Private_Uni_Act.pdf|title=THE HARYANA PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES, 2006 (as amended upto 10th May 2012)|website=Ugc.ac.in|accessdate=30 April 2019|archive-date=21 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121203734/http://bmu.ac.in/archive/Private_Uni_Act.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://bmu.ac.in}}

{{Universities in Haryana}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Private universities in India]]
[[Category:Baba Mastnath University]]
[[Category:Education in Rohtak]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2012]]
[[Category:2012 establishments in Haryana]]

Reginald Clancy

2024-12-16T15:03:28Z

Srcsdoon: Starting New Post W/ Infobox!

{{short description|British economist}}
{{Infobox scientist
|name = Reginald Clancy
|image =
|caption =
|birth_name =
|birth_date =
|birth_place =
|death_date =
|death_place =
|education =
|awards =
|field =
|workplaces =
|spouse=
|children=
|thesis_title =
|thesis_url =
|thesis_year =
|doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_students =
}}

'''Reginald Clancy''' was a British economist who served as the Finance minister of Indian [[Hyderabad State|princely state of Hyderabad]] from 1918 to 1919. His signature also appeared on the banknotes of the [[Hyderabadi rupee]].

== Early life ==
He was educated in the [[United Kingdom]], but he worked in India for a major part of his life.<ref name="auto">{{Cite journal|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/41361560|author=Abbott, A.|title=The Development of Vocational Education in India|year=1939|journal=Journal of the Royal Society of Arts|volume=87|issue=4503|pages=426–440|jstor=41361560}}</ref>

== Career ==
=== Secretary of State for India ===
He also served at the India Office as a member of the Council of the Secretary of State for India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/mylifeandexperie029154mbp|title=My Life And Experiences|date=September 13, 1951|publisher=Krishnavas International.|via=Internet Archive}}</ref>

=== Hyderabad State ===
He served as the finance minister of [[Hyderabad State]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/bhopal14|title=bhopal14|via=Internet Archive}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A8l6ND4t19wC&dq=%22reginald+clancy%22+hyderabad&pg=PA95|title=Empire, Politics and the Creation of the 1935 India Act: Last Act of the Raj|first=Dr Andrew|last=Muldoon|year= 2013|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=9781409480396|via=Google Books}}</ref>

== Hyderabadi rupee ==
His signature appeared on the very first issue of the [[Hyderabadi rupee]]:<ref name="auto"/>

*PS261. 1 rupee. ND. (1919) Black on peach [[underprint]]. Back light brown.
*PS262. 1 rupee. ND. (1919) Bicoloured.
*PS264. 10 rupees. FE1327. (1916) Yellow-brown and black on lilac underprint. Series AB.

== See also ==
* [[Hyderabadi rupee]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Clancy, Reginald}}
[[Category:British economists]]
[[Category:Finance ministers of Indian states]]

National Highway 149 (India)

2024-08-09T03:27:56Z

Srcsdoon: general enhance structure and updated info to improve readability

{{Short description|National highway in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox road
|country=IND
|route = 149
| map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|frame-width=290|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=line|stroke-width=3
|title=National Highway 149|text= Map of National Highway '''149''' in red}}
| map_custom = yes
|length_km =
|direction_a =
|terminus_a = [[Pallahara]]
|junction =
|direction_b =
|terminus_b = Banarpal Square
|destinations=
|states = Odisha
|previous_type=NH
|previous_route=32
|next_route =79
|next_type=NH
|type = NH
}}

'''National Highway 149''' is a [[National Highway (India)|national highway]] of [[India]].<ref name="renumber">{{cite web|url=http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|title=Rationalisation of Numbering Systems of National Highways|publisher=[[Department of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=3 April 2012|location=New Delhi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201124738/http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|archive-date=1 February 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Old Route & New Re-Alignment==
Pallahara - Samal Barrage - Godibandha - Talcher - Nuahata was the old alignment of NH 149. But from 2024, NH 149 alignment was changed to Nauhatta - Talcher - Godibandha - Bajrakote - Rengali - Deogarh. The old alignment of Pallahara - Samal Barrage - Godibandha - Talcher is new labeled as NH 53. This has ensured trucks & vehicles reaching the 6 lane wide NH49 very quickly. The old route of NH53 via Rengali-Deogarh used to take a long time as it had multiple ghat sections.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Indian Highways Network}}
{{IND NH49 sr}}
[[Category:National highways of India]]

{{India-NH-stub}}

Ovali, Bhiwandi

2024-07-08T12:29:16Z

Srcsdoon: Starting The Biography Needs Work

{{short description|Village in Maharashtra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ovali
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| etymology =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|19.25848387|N|73.0562067|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Thane district|Thane]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Taluka]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Bhiwandi]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = [[Panchayat]]
| seat =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_m = 23
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 1566
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = 
| area_code =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]] code
| blank_info_sec1 = 552662
| footnotes =
}}
'''Ovali''' is a village in the [[Thane district]] of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. It is located in the [[Bhiwandi]] [[taluka]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Maharashtra.pdf |title=Maharashtra villages |publisher=Land Records Information Systems Division, NIC |access-date=2015-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095320/http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Demographics ==

According to the [[2011 census of India]], Ovali has 327 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 82.68%.<ref name="census_2011"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Demographics (2011 Census)<ref name="census_2011">{{cite web |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/PCA%20CDB-2721-F-Census.xlsx |title=District census data |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations |access-date=2015-08-17 }}</ref>
! !! Total !! Male !! Female
|-
| Population || 1566 || 847 || 719
|-
| Children aged below 6 years || 232 || 135 || 97
|-
| [[Scheduled caste]] || 6 || 4 || 2
|-
| [[Scheduled tribe]] || 151 || 80 || 71
|-
| Literates || 1103 || 637 || 466
|-
| Workers (all) || 565 || 474 || 91
|-
| Main workers (total) || 474 || 416 || 58
|-
| Main workers: Cultivators || 58 || 54 || 4
|-
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers || 4 || 4 || 0
|-
| Main workers: Household industry workers || 8 || 8 || 0
|-
| Main workers: Other || 404 || 350 || 54
|-
| Marginal workers (total) || 91 || 58 || 33
|-
| Marginal workers: Cultivators || 16 || 11 || 5
|-
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers || 2 || 1 || 1
|-
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers || 1 || 1 || 0
|-
| Marginal workers: Others || 72 || 45 || 27
|-
| Non-workers || 1001 || 373 || 628
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Bhiwandi taluka}}

[[Category:Villages in Bhiwandi taluka]]

Bongabar

2023-03-21T13:56:23Z

Srcsdoon: Added some entry with sources - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bongabar
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Census Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.7086|N|85.5242|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Jharkhand|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ramgarh district|Ramgarh]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 14.117
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 5236
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages (*For language details see [[Mandu (community development block)#Language and religion]])
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 829150
| area_code_type = Telephone/ [[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD]] code
| area_code = 06545
| registration_plate = JH
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Hazaribagh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hazaribagh]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Mandu (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mandu]]
| website = {{URL|ramgarh.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Bongabar''' is a [[census town]] in the [[Mandu (community development block)|Mandu]] [[Community development block in India|CD block]] in the [[Ramgarh subdivision]] of the [[Ramgarh district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jharkhand]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=450| height=320| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|23|42|0|N|85|30|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in Ramgarh district in North Chotanagpur Division''' M: municipality, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, T: tourist centre, P: power plant Abbreviation used- TPP: thermal power project Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|23|38|31|N|85|19|15|E}} | label-pos1=bottom|label1= Balkundra | numbered1=CT| mark-title1=[[Balkundra]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|36|50|N|85|29|0|E}} | label-pos2=bottom|label2= Barkakana| numbered2=CT| mark-title2=[[Barkakana]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|44|45|N|85|33|20|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3= Ara| numbered3=CT| mark-title3=[[Ara, Ramgarh]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|47|15|N|85|33|09|E}} | label-pos4=bottom|label4= Barughutu| numbered4=CT| mark-title4=[[Barughutu]] (CT)
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|42|5|N|85|31|27|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5= Bongabar| numbered5=CT| mark-title5=Bongabar (CT)|shape-color5=black| label-size5=13|label-color5=black 
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|34|35|N|85|39|17|E}} | label-pos6=bottom|label6= Chitarpur| numbered6=CT| mark-title6=[[Chitarpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|36|50|N|85|17|1|E}} | label-pos7=left|label7= Hesla| numbered7=CT| mark-title7=[[Hesla, Ramgarh]] (CT)
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|39|40|N|85|19|0|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= Jainagar| numbered8=CT| mark-title8=[[Jainagar, Ramgarh]] (CT)
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|47|21|N|85|35|24|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9= Kedla| numbered9=CT| mark-title9=[[Kedla]] (CT)
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|43|30|N|85|30|40|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10= Kuju| numbered10=CT| mark-title10=[[Kuju, Ramgarh]] (CT)
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|39|11|N|85|24|35|E}} | label-pos11=top|label11= Lapanga| numbered11=CT| mark-title11=[[Lapanga, Ramgarh]] (CT)
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|47|39|N|85|28|12|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12= Mandu| numbered12=CT| mark-title12=[[Mandu, Jharkhand]] (CT)
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|40|42|N|85|30|25|E}} | label-pos13=left|label13= Marar| numbered13=CT| mark-title13=[[Marar, Ramgarh]] (CT)
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|43|20|N|85|28|26|E}} | label-pos14=left|label14= Orla| numbered14=CT| mark-title14=[[Orla, Jharkhand]] (CT)
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|40|27|N|85|16|48|E}} | label-pos15=left|label15= Patratu| numbered15=CT| mark-title15=[[Patratu]] (CT)
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|41|50|N|85|29|49|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16= Sanri| numbered16=CT| mark-title16=[[Sanri]] (CT)
|mark-coord17={{coord|23|39|11|N|85|20|50|E}} | label-pos17=top|label17= Saunda| numbered17=CT| mark-title17=[[Saunda]] (CT)
|mark-coord18={{coord|23|40|52|N|85|31|19|E}} | label-pos18=right|label18= Seota| numbered18=CT| mark-title18=[[Seota]] (CT)
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|36|36|N|85|40|48|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19= Sewai| numbered19=CT| mark-title19=[[Sewai]] (CT)
|mark-coord20={{coord|23|39|15|N|85|25|57|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20= Sirka| numbered20=CT| mark-title20=[[Sirka, India]] (CT)
|mark-coord21={{coord|23|50|8|N|85|29|39|E}} | label-pos21=right|label21= Taping| numbered21=CT| mark-title21=[[Taping, Ramgarh]] (CT)
|mark-coord22={{coord|23|44|39|N|85|28|32|E}} | label-pos22=left|label22= Topa| numbered22=CT| mark-title22=[[Topa]] (CT)
|mark-coord23={{coord|23|37|20|N|85|30|51|E}} | label-pos23=top|label23=Ramgarh Cantonment| numbered23=M| mark-title23= [[Ramgarh Cantonment]] (M) |label-size23=13 |label-color23=#800000
|mark-coord24={{coord|23|36|35|N|85|28|20|E}} | label-pos24=left|label24= Bhadani Nagar| numbered24=R| mark-title24=[[Bhadani Nagar]] (R) |shape-color24= #C40000
|mark-coord25={{coord|23|39|23|N|85|21|50|E}} | label-pos25=bottom|label25= Bhurkunda| numbered25=R|mark-title25=[[Bhurkunda]] (R) |shape-color25= #C40000
|mark-coord26={{coord|23|31|50|N|85|36|9|E}} | label-pos26=left|label26= Dulmi| numbered26=R|mark-title26=[[Dulmi]] (R) |shape-color26= #C40000
|mark-coord27={{coord|23|47|51|N|85|34|28|E}} | label-pos27=top|label27= Ghatotand| numbered27=R|mark-title27=[[Ghatotand]] (R) |shape-color27= #C40000
|mark-coord28={{coord|23|32|13|N|85|43|1|E}} | label-pos28=left|label28= Gola| numbered28=R|mark-title28=[[Gola, Ramgarh]] (R) |shape-color28= #C40000
|mark-coord29={{coord|23|37|55|N|85|42|40|E}} | label-pos29=left|label29=Rajrappa| numbered29=T| mark-title29= [[Rajrappa]] (T) |shape-color29= #74C365
|mark-coord30={{coord|23|38|45|N|85|17|35|E}} | label-pos30=left|label30= Patratu |labela30 = Super TPP| numbered30=P| mark-title30= [[Patratu Super Thermal Power Project]] |shape-color30=#967117
|mark-coord31={{coord|23|40|55|N|85|19|32|E}} | label-pos31=top|label31=CCL Barka|labela31= Sayal Area |numbered31=0 | mark-title31=[[Barka Sayal Area]] | label-size31=12| shape-color31=#AA6666
|mark-coord32={{coord|23|40|0|N|85|27|1|E}} | label-pos32=right|label32=CCL Argada Area |numbered32=0 | mark-title32=[[Argada Area]] | label-size32=12| shape-color32=#AA6666
|mark-coord33={{coord|23|51|0|N|85|26|28|E}} | label-pos33=left|label33=CCL |labela33=Hazaribagh Area |numbered33=0 | mark-title33=[[Hazaribagh Area]] | label-size33=12| shape-color33=#AA6666
|mark-coord34={{coord|23|42|40|N|85|30|10|E}} | label-pos34=left|label34=CCL Kuju Area |numbered34=0 | mark-title34=[[Kuju Area]] | label-size34=12| shape-color34=#AA6666
|mark-coord35={{coord|23|35|30|N|85|40|45|E}} | label-pos35=left|label35=CCL Rajrappa Area |numbered35=0 | mark-title35=[[Rajrappa Area]] | label-size35=12| shape-color35=#AA6666
|mark-coord36={{coord|23|47|30|N|85|45|0|E}} |label36= Bokaro |labela36= River |label-color36 = #77A1CB| label-angle36= 0| label-pos36=top| label-size36=10| mark-size36=0| mark-title36 =none
|mark-coord37={{coord|23|42|20|N|85|14|0|E}} |label37= Damodar|labela37= River |label-color37 = #77A1CB| label-angle37= 0| label-pos37=top| label-size37=10| mark-size37=0| mark-title37 =none
|mark-coord38={{coord|23|34|0|N|85|44|0|E}} |label38= Bhairavi|labela38= River|label-color38 = #77A1CB| label-angle38= -90| label-pos38=top| label-size38=10| mark-size38=0| mark-title38 =none}}

===Location===
Bongabar is located at {{coord|23.7086|N|85.5242|E|display=inline}}.

===Area overview===
Ramgarh has a vibrant coal-mining sector. The map alongside provides links to five operational areas of [[Central Coalfields]] spread across [[South Karanpura Coalfield]], [[Ramgarh Coalfield]] and [[West Bokaro Coalfield]]. Four of the six CD blocks in the district have coal mines – Patratu, Ramgarh, Mandu and Chitarpur. The high concentration of census towns in these blocks are noticeable on the map. Only two blocks, Gola and Dulmi, are totally rural areas. Ramgarh district lies in the central part of the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]]. The [[Damodar River|Damodar valley]] covers most of the district. The forested areas in highlands to the north and the south of the valley can be seen in the map (mark the shaded areas).<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2016_PART_A_DCHB_RAMGARH.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Ramgarh, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Pages 7-8: Physiography, Drainage, Pages 8-11: Minerals and mining|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 9 February 2021}}</ref> "Chotanagpur has a charm of its own… The entire area forms one of the most charming series of views imaginable. The far-off hills in the background in exquisite tints of blue or purple as the light falls, the nearer hills picturesquely shaped and luxuriant in every shade of green with their bold escarpments in black or grey, and the brown plains below furnishing their quota of colours."<ref>{{cite book|last=Prasad |first=Ram Chandra |date=2003 |title=Bihar |url=https://archive.org/details/bihar0000pras |url-access=registration |publication-place=New Delhi |publisher=National Book Trust, India |page=[https://archive.org/details/bihar0000pras/page/5 5] |isbn=81-237-0151-9}}</ref>{{efn|Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the district. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.}}

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Bongabar had a total population of 5,236, of which 2,688 (51%) were males and 2,548 (49%) were females. Population in the age range 0-6 years was 862. The total number of literate persons in Bongabar was 3,066 (70.10% of the population over 6 years).<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2016_PART_B_DCHB_RAMGARH.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Ramgarh, Series 21, Part XII B| work= Rural PCA-C.D. blocks wise Village Primary Census Abstract, location no. 369099, page 94|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 6 February 2021}}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
According to the ''District Census Handbook 2011, Ramgarh'', Bongabar covered an area of 14.117 km2. Among the civic amenities, it had 6 km roads with both open and closed drains, the protected water supply involved hand pump, uncovered well. It had 904 domestic electric connections. Among the medical facilities, it had 1 hospital, 3 dispensaries, 3 health centres, 7 family welfare centres, 8 maternity and child welfare centres, 6 maternity homes, 5 nursing homes, 1 medicine shop. Among the educational facilities it had 1 primary school, 1 middle school, 1 secondary school, 2 senior secondary schools. It had 3 non-formal educational centres (Sarva Siksha Abhiyan). Two important commodities it produced were coal, pathar, chuna pathar.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2016_PART_A_DCHB_RAMGARH.pdf| title = District Census Handbook Ramgarh, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Pages 227-237| publisher = Directorate of census Operations, Jharkhand |accessdate = 3 February 2021}}</ref>

==Transport==
There is a station nearby at [[Kuju, Ramgarh|Kuju]] on the [[Koderma–Hazaribagh–Barkakana–Ranchi line]].<ref>{{cite web| url = https://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/koderma-barkakana-passenger-53371/30224/1428/10614 | title= 73371 => 53371 Koderma-Barkakhana Passenger | work= Time Table |publisher= Indiarailinfo| accessdate = 6 February 2021}}</ref>

Bongabar is on [[National Highway 20 (India)|National Highway 20]].<ref>Google maps</ref>

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Ramgarh District}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Ramgarh district]]

Sukrimangela–Jabalpur Passenger

2022-11-22T12:53:59Z

Srcsdoon: starting basic data basic info

{{short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
The '''Sukrimangela–Jabalpur Passenger''' is an Indian Railways passenger train running between [[Sukrimangela]] and Jabalpur on the newly converted [[Jabalpur–Nainpur line]].

== History ==

The train covers the 51-kilometre journey in about 1 hour and 30 minutes. It is the only train currently running in the interior of the [[Satpura Ranges]]. Its average speed is 34 kilometres per hour. The JBP [[WDM-3A]] loco is in charge of the train. This train shares its rake with Mandovi Express.<ref>[https://indiarailinfo.com/train/sukrimangela-jabalpur-passenger-51704/52182/3732/529 51703/51704 Sukrimangela - Jabalpur Passenger]</ref><ref>[http://epaper.patrika.com/867843/Jabalpur-Patrika/09-07-2016#page/18/2 Jabalpur - Sukrimangela BG line delayed. To be operational by early August]</ref><ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-after-nh-7-gondia-jabalpur-rail-line-doubling-allowed-through-kanha-pench-tiger-corridor-2191864 After NH-7, Gondia-Jabalpur rail line doubling allowed through Kanha-Pench tiger corridor]</ref><ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/raipur/Century-old-narrow-gauge-train-track-finally-gets-new-lease-of-life/articleshow/46925984.cms Century-old narrow gauge train track finally gets new lease of life]</ref><ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/Funds-crunch-hits-gauge-conversion-work/articleshow/12887098.cms Funds crunch hits gauge conversion work]</ref>

== Major stations ==
* {{stnlnk|Sukrimangela}}
* {{stnlnk|Bargi}}
* {{stnlnk|Charghat Piparia}}
* {{stnlnk|Jamtara Paraswara}}
* {{stnlnk|Gwarighat}}
* {{stnlnk|Garha Goods Shed}}
* {{stnlnk|Madan Mahal}}
* {{stnlnk|Jabalpur Junction}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Railways in Northern India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sukrimangela-Jabalpur Passenger}}
[[Category:Slow and fast passenger trains in India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Transport in Jabalpur]]