Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Sago

2026-05-28T00:48:08Z

Sovrenn: created basic article w/ sources!

{{short description|Starch extracted from tropical palm stems}}
{{for multi|tapioca sago (sabudana)|Tapioca|other uses|Sago (disambiguation)}}
{{More footnotes|date=April 2009}}
{{Use American English|date=November 2021}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2021}}
[[File:Sago (Metroxylon sagu) in New Guinea.jpg|thumb|right|Sago palms (''[[Metroxylon sagu]]'') in New Guinea]]
[[File:Metroxylon sagu, Sago Preparation.jpg|thumb|Peeling and pounding a segment of sago palm stem to produce an edible starch. Sepik River, Papua New Guinea]]
'''Sago''' ({{IPAc-en|'|s|eI|g|oU}}) is a [[starch]] extracted from the soft, spongy core tissue of several tropical palm species, especially ''[[Metroxylon sagu]]''. For centuries, it has been an important traditional [[staple food]] among many indigenous communities across the islands of [[Southeast Asia]] and the [[Melanesia|Melanesian region]], including [[Malaysia]], [[Indonesia]], and [[Papua New Guinea]]. In different regions, sago is also known by local names such as ''saksak'' (Papua New Guinea), ''rabia'' ([[Maluku Islands]]) , and ''sagu'' (Malaysia).

In Malaysia, sago is especially associated with the indigenous communities of [[Sarawak]] and [[Sabah]], particularly the [[Melanau people]]. The Melanau community has a long historical connection with sago cultivation, processing, and consumption, making it one of the most culturally important foods in their society. The town of [[Mukah]] is one of the largest sago-producing regions in Malaysia, with vast areas of swampy land naturally suited for the growth of [[sago palm]]s. Other areas in Sarawak such as [[Dalat, Sarawak|Dalat]], [[Matu District|Matu]], and [[Ọya|Oya]] are also well known for sago production.

Traditionally, the trunk of the sago palm is harvested before the tree fully matures because the starch reserves inside the trunk are richest at that stage. The trunk is split open, and the soft pith inside is crushed and washed repeatedly with water to extract the starch. After settling and drying, the starch becomes sago flour, which can then be used in many traditional dishes. A single mature sago palm can produce hundreds of kilograms of starch, making it an efficient and reliable food source for local communities for generations.

Among the Melanau people, sago flour is commonly known as "lemantak". A famous traditional food made from it is linut, a thick sticky paste created by pouring hot water into sago flour and stirring it until it becomes glue-like in texture. Linut is usually eaten with side dishes such as fish, seafood, jungle vegetables, and [[sambal]]. With a texture unusual to outsiders, it remains an important cultural and traditional food among the Melanau community.

Another traditional sago food is sago pearls or sago balls, which are small rounded starch balls often eaten as snacks or served together with traditional dishes such as umai and grilled fish. The process of producing these sago balls is considered time-consuming and traditionally involves several stages of drying, rolling, and processing by hand. Many communities still preserve these traditional methods as part of their cultural heritage.

Commercially, sago is also processed into small starch pearls commonly used in desserts, puddings, sweet soups, and beverages. Real sago pearls are usually off-white in color, irregular in shape, brittle when dry, and cook very quickly. Because [[tapioca]] pearls made from [[cassava]] starch are cheaper to produce, they are sometimes sold as "sago" in international markets, even though true sago and tapioca come from different plants.

Outside Malaysia, sago is also widely consumed in parts of [[Eastern Indonesia]] and Papua New Guinea, where it remains a major staple food for many [[lowland]] communities. In places such as the Maluku Islands and Papua New Guinea, sago is commonly prepared as [[Papeda (food)|papeda]], a thick sticky paste similar to linut, usually eaten with fish-based dishes and soups. The Melanesian region remains one of the world's largest producers of sago, and large quantities are exported internationally for cooking and food production purposes.

== Historical records ==
Sago was noted by the Chinese historian [[Zhao Rukuo]] (1170–1231) during the [[Song dynasty]]. In his ''[[Zhu Fan Zhi]]'' (1225), a collection of descriptions of foreign countries, he writes that the [[Brunei|kingdom of Boni]] "produces no wheat, but hemp and rice, and they use ''sha-hu'' (sago) for grain".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Harrisson|first1=Tom |author-link1=Tom Harrisson |date=1969 |title=Volume 1 |journal=[[Brunei Museum Journal]] |volume=1 |page=106 |publisher=[[Brunei Museum|Muzium Brunei]]}}</ref>

The [[Melanau people|Melanau community]] is historically recorded as being closely associated with sago. They were actively involved in the production of sago and in the cultivation of the rumbia palm (sago palm) in [[Sarawak]]. In historical accounts, the [[Melanau people|Melanau]] are noted for producing a traditional food in small round forms, about the size of a peanut, known as sago or bulu. It is recorded that during the [[Japanese occupation of British Borneo|Japanese occupation]] in the early [[1940s]], sago became an important staple food for both the [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malay]] and [[Melanau people|Melanau]] communities in [[Sarawak]]. [[Mukah]] is recorded as the main area for rumbia palm cultivation in [[Sarawak]]. From this plant, sago flour, known locally as lemantak, was produced. Historical records also note that sago was available in other areas such as [[Matu-Daro|Matu Daro]], [[Dalat, Sarawak|Dalat]], and [[Oya, Malaysia|Oya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maklumat Seni Budaya |url=https://pemetaanbudaya.jkkn.gov.my/senibudaya/detail/1059 |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=pemetaanbudaya.jkkn.gov.my}}</ref>
==Sources, extraction and preparation==

===Palm sago===
[[File:Sago Palm being harvested for Sago production PNG.jpg|right|thumb|A sago palm being harvested for sago production]]
[[File:Sago logs.jpg|thumb|Sago logs ready for processing in [[Kampung Medong, Sarawak|Kampung Medong]], [[Sarawak]], [[Malaysia]].]]
The sago palm, ''[[Metroxylon sagu]]'', is found in tropical lowland forest and freshwater swamps across [[Southeast Asia]] and [[New Guinea]] and is the primary source of sago. It tolerates a wide variety of soils and may reach 30 meters in height (including the leaves). Several other species of the genus ''Metroxylon'', particularly ''[[Metroxylon salomonense]]'' and ''[[Metroxylon amicarum]]'', are also used as sources of sago throughout [[Melanesia]] and [[Micronesia]].

Sago palms grow very quickly, in clumps of different ages similar to bananas, one sucker matures, then flowers and dies. It is replaced by another sucker, with up to 1.5 m of vertical stem growth per year. The stems are thick and are either self-supporting or have a moderate climbing [[Habit (biology)|habit]]; the leaves are [[pinnate]]. Each palm trunk produces a single [[inflorescence]] at its tip at the end of its life. Sago palms are harvested at the age of 7–15 years, just before or shortly after the inflorescence appears and when the stems are full of starch stored for use in reproduction. One palm can yield 150–300 kg of starch.

[[File:Sago starch filter PNG.jpg|right|thumb|A sago starch filter]]
Sago is extracted from ''Metroxylon'' palms by splitting the stem lengthwise and removing the pith which is then crushed and kneaded to release the starch before being washed and strained to extract the starch from the fibrous residue. The raw starch suspension in water is then collected in a settling container.

===Cycad sago===
The sago cycad, ''[[Cycas revoluta]]'', is a slow-growing wild or [[ornamental plant]]. Its common names "sago palm" and "king sago palm" are misnomers as [[cycad]]s are not [[palm (plant)|palms]]. Processed starch known as sago is made from this and other cycads. It is a less-common food source for some peoples of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Unlike palms, cycads are highly poisonous: most parts of the plant contain the [[neurotoxin]]s [[cycasin]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/p/plant_toxin_induced_liver_damage_cycasin/intro.htm
|title=Plant toxin-induced liver damage - Cycasin |publisher=Health Grades Inc. |access-date=28 December 2009}}</ref> and [[BMAA]]. Consumption of cycad seeds has been implicated in the outbreak of [[Parkinson's disease]]-like neurological disorder in [[Guam]] and other locations in the Pacific.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sacks|first1=Oliver|title=The Island of the Colour-blind and Cycad Island|date=1996|publisher=Picador|isbn=978-0330350822|pages=109–226}}</ref> Thus, before any part of the plant may safely be eaten the toxins must be removed through extended processing.

Sago is extracted from the sago cycad by cutting the pith from the stem, root and seeds of the cycads, grinding the pith to a coarse [[flour]], before being dried, pounded, and soaked. The starch is then washed carefully and repeatedly to leach out the natural toxins.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Whiting|first1=Marjorie Grant|title=Toxicity of cycads|journal=Economic Botany|date=October 1963|volume=17|issue=4|pages=270–302|doi=10.1007/BF02860136|bibcode=1963EcBot..17..270W |s2cid=31799259}}</ref> The starchy residue is then dried and cooked, producing a [[starch]] similar to palm sago/sabudana.

===Cassava sago===
{{main|Tapioca}}

In many countries including Australia,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/food/article/2020/11/26/8-things-you-may-not-know-about-sago|title = 8 things you may not know about sago| work=Food |date = 26 November 2020}}</ref> Brazil,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.saborbrasil.it/en/ricettas/82|title=Sagu de vinho tinto (Tapioca Pearls in Red Wine)|access-date=2019-03-19|archive-date=October 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013023824/https://www.saborbrasil.it/en/ricettas/82|url-status=dead}}</ref> and India, [[tapioca balls|tapioca pearls]] made from [[cassava]] root<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Corbishley |first1=Douglas A. |chapter=TAPIOCA, ARROWROOT, AND SAGO STARCHES: PRODUCTION |date=1984 |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780127462707500197 |title=Starch: Chemistry and Technology |pages=469–478 |publisher=Elsevier |language=en |doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-746270-7.50019-7 |isbn=978-0-12-746270-7 |last2=Miller |first2=William}}</ref> are also referred to as ''sago'', ''sagu'', ''sabudana'', etc.

==Uses==

===Nutrition===
Sago from ''Metroxylon'' palms is nearly pure carbohydrate and has very little protein, vitamins, or minerals. {{convert|100|g|oz|abbr=off|frac=2}} of dry sago typically comprises 94 grams of carbohydrate, 0.2 grams of protein, 0.5 grams of dietary fiber, 10 mg of calcium, 1.2 mg of iron and negligible amounts of fat, carotene, thiamine and ascorbic acid and yields approximately {{convert|355|kcal|kJ|order=flip|abbr=off}} of [[food energy]].{{citation needed|date=September 2018}} Sago palms are typically found in areas unsuited for other forms of agriculture, so sago cultivation is often the most ecologically appropriate form of land use and the nutritional deficiencies of the food can often be compensated for with other readily available foods.

[[File:Sago pancake Papua New Guinea.jpg|right|thumb|A sago pancake]]
Sago starch can be baked (resulting in a product analogous to bread, pancake, or biscuit) or mixed with boiling water to form a paste. It is a main staple of many traditional communities in [[New Guinea]], [[Maluku Islands|Maluku]], [[Borneo]], [[South Sulawesi]] (most known in [[Luwu Regency]]) and [[Sumatra]] in the form of [[Papeda (food)|papeda]]. In [[Palembang]], sago is one of the ingredients to make [[pempek]]. In [[Brunei]] and [[Sabah]] ([[East Malaysia]]), it is used for making the popular local dish called the [[ambuyat]]. It is also used commercially in making noodles and white [[bread]]. Sago starch can also be used as a [[thickener]] for other dishes. It can be made into [[steaming|steam]]ed [[pudding]]s such as sago plum pudding.

In Malaysia, the traditional food "[[keropok lekor]]" (fish cracker) uses sago as one of its main ingredients. To make keropok lekor in Losong in [[Kuala Terengganu]], each kilogram of fish meat is mixed with half a kilogram of fine sago, with a little salt added for flavour. Tons of raw sago are imported each year into Malaysia to support the keropok lekor industry.

In 1805, two captured crew members of the shipwrecked schooner [[Betsey (schooner)|''Betsey'']] were kept alive until their escape from an undetermined island on a diet of sago.<ref>''Australian Shipwrecks - vol1 1622-1850'', [[Charles Bateson]], AH and AW Reed, Sydney, 1972, {{ISBN|0-589-07112-2}} p40</ref>

[[File:Sago1.jpg|thumb|right|Pearl sago]]
Any starch can be pearled by heating and stirring small aggregates of moist starch, producing partly [[Starch gelatinization|gelatinized]] dry kernels that swell but remain intact on boiling. Pearl sago closely resembles pearl [[tapioca]]. Both are typically small (about 2 mm diameter) dry, opaque balls. Both may be white (if very pure) or colored naturally gray, brown or black, or artificially pink, yellow, green, etc. When soaked and cooked, both become much larger, translucent, soft and spongy. Both are widely used in [[Indian cuisine|Indian]], [[Bangladeshi cuisine|Bangladeshi]] and [[Sri Lankan cuisine|Sri Lankan]] cuisine in a variety of dishes and around the world, usually in [[pudding]]s. In [[India]], it is used in a variety of dishes such as desserts boiled with sweetened milk on occasion of religious fasts.

The [[Penan people]] of [[Borneo]] consume sago from [[Eugeissona]] palms as their staple carbohydrate.

===Textile production===
Sago starch is also used to treat fiber in a process is called [[sizing]], which makes fibers easier to machine. The process helps to bind the fiber, give it a predictable slip for running on metal, standardize the level of hydration of the fiber and give the textile more body. Most of the natural based cloth and clothing has been sized; this leaves a residue which is removed in the first wash.

===Other uses===
Because many traditional people rely on sago palm as their main food staple and because supplies are finite, in some areas commercial or industrial harvesting of wild stands of sago palm can conflict with the food needs of local communities.

Research is conducted to potentially make use of the waste from the sago palm industry as an adsorbent for cleaning up oil spills.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Malaysia |first=Universiti Putra |title=Using sago waste to absorb oil spills |url=https://phys.org/news/2015-06-sago-absorb-oil.html |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=phys.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pertanika Journal of Social Science and Humanities |url=http://www.pertanika.upm.edu.my/pjssh/browse/regular-issue?article=JST-0335-2011 |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=www.pertanika.upm.edu.my}}</ref>

==See also==
*''[[Arenga pinnata]]''
*[[Landang]]
*[[Sandige]]

==References==
=== Citations ===
{{reflist}}

=== General and cited references ===
* Flach, M. and F. Rumawas, eds. (1996). ''Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) No. 9: Plants Yielding Non-Seed Carbohydrates''. Leiden: Blackhuys.
* Lie, Goan-Hong. (1980). "The Comparative Nutritional Roles of Sago and Cassava in Indonesia." In: Stanton, W.R. and M. Flach, eds., ''Sago: The Equatorial Swamp as a Natural Resource''. The Hague, Boston, London: Martinus Nijhoff.
* McClatchey, W., H.I. Manner, and C.R. Elevitch. (2005). [http://www.agroforestry.net/tti/Metroxylon-sagopalm.pdf "''Metroxylon amicarum'', ''M. paulcoxii'', ''M. sagu'', ''M. salomonense'', ''M. vitiense'', and ''M. warburgii'' (sago palm), ver. 1.1"]. In: Elevitch, C.R. (ed.) ''Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry''. Permanent Agriculture Resources (PAR), Holualoa, Hawaii.
* Pickell, D. (2002). ''Between the Tides: A Fascinating Journey Among the Kamoro of New Guinea''. Singapore: Periplus Press.
* {{cite journal | last1 = Rauwerdink | first1 = Jan B. | year = 1986 | title = An Essay on Metroxylon, the Sago Palm | journal = Principes | volume = 30 | issue = 4| pages = 165–180 }}
* Stanton, W.R. and M. Flach, eds., ''Sago: The Equatorial Swamp as a Natural Resource''. The Hague, Boston, London: Martinus Nijhoff.

==Further reading==
* {{Cite book | last1 = Lal | first1 = J. J. | chapter = SAGO PALM | doi = 10.1016/B0-12-227055-X/01036-1 | title = Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition | pages = 5035–5039 | year = 2003 | isbn = 9780122270550 }}

==External links==
* {{commonscat-inline}}
* [http://www.agroforestry.net/tti/Metroxylon-sagopalm.pdf Species profile for ''Metroxylon sagu'']
* http://www.fao.org/ag/agA/AGAP/FRG/AFRIS/Data/416.HTM {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071120083843/http://www.fao.org/AG/AGa/agap/FRG/AFRIS/Data/416.htm |date=November 20, 2007 }}
* [https://www.mentorleo.com/2022/11/sabudana-benefits.html Sago Uses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213150937/https://www.mentorleo.com/2022/11/sabudana-benefits.html |date=December 13, 2022 }}
* https://pemetaanbudaya.jkkn.gov.my/senibudaya/detail/1059

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Edible thickening agents]]
[[Category:Food ingredients]]
[[Category:Indian cuisine]]
[[Category:Indonesian cuisine]]
[[Category:Malagasy cuisine]]
[[Category:Melanesian cuisine]]
[[Category:Oceanian cuisine]]
[[Category:Papua New Guinean cuisine]]
[[Category:Staple foods]]
[[Category:Tropical agriculture]]

Nilanga Assembly constituency

2026-05-06T22:05:12Z

Sovrenn: Made new entry

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Nilanga
| map_image = 238-Nilanga.svg
| mla = [[Sambhaji Patil Nilangekar]]
| party = [[BJP]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| district = [[Latur District|Latur]]
| established = 1962
| type = SLA
| reservation = None
| constituency_no = 238
| electors = 332,194
}}
'''Nilanga Assembly constituency''' is one of six assembly constituencies in [[Latur Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref> Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 238 amongst 288 constituencies.

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#BB8ED0" | [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || Sheshrao Madhavrao || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFB2B2" | [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || Salunke Shripatrao Gayanurao || {{Full party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}
|-
| [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || rowspan="5" | [[Shivajirao Patil Nilangekar]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
| [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
| [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
|-
| [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || Deelipkumar Shivajirao Patil|| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1987 elections in India#Maharashtra|1987 By-election]] || rowspan="2" | [[Shivajirao Patil Nilangekar]]
|-
| [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|-
| [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]] || Manikrao Bhimrao Jadhav || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || [[Shivajirao Patil Nilangekar]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || [[Sambhaji Patil Nilangekar]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]] || [[Shivajirao Patil Nilangekar]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]] || rowspan="3" | [[Sambhaji Patil Nilangekar]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|-
| [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nilanga }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Sambhaji Patil Nilangekar]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 112,368 |percentage = 51.06% |change = {{increase}}1.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Abhay Satish Salunke |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 98,628 |percentage = 44.82% |change = {{increase}}11.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Manju Hiralal Nimbalkar |party = Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 3,935 |percentage = 1.79% |change = {{decrease}}13.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nagnath Ramrao Bodake |party = Rashtriya Samaj Paksha |votes = 1,430 |percentage = 0.65% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 931 |percentage = 0.42% |change = {{decrease}}0.23 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,740 |percentage = 6.24% |change = {{decrease}}10.15 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 220,998 |percentage = 66.53% |change = {{increase}}4.22 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 220,067}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 332,194 |ref = |change = {{increase}}4.90 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}1.42 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nilanga <ref name="election2019">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Sambhaji Patil Nilangekar]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 97,324 |percentage = 49.64% |change = {{increase}}9.80 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ashok Shivajirao Patil Nilangekar |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 65,193 |percentage = 33.25% |change = {{increase}}7.68 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Arvind Virbhadrappa Bhatambre |party = Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 29,819 |percentage = 15.21% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,272 |percentage = 0.65% |change = {{increase}}0.24 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 32,131 |percentage = 16.39% |change = {{increase}}2.12 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 197,342 |percentage = 62.31% |change = {{decrease}}5.42 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 196,046}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 316,690 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.73 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}9.80 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nilanga <ref name="election2014">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2014/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Sambhaji Patil Nilangekar]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 76,817 |percentage = 39.84% |change = {{increase}}1.20 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ashok Shivajirao Patil Nilangekar |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 49,306 |percentage = 25.57% |change = {{decrease}}17.16 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Reshme Limbanappa Vishwanathappa |party = Maharashtra Vikas Aghadi |votes = 17,675 |percentage = 9.17% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Baswaraj Malashetti Patil Nagralkar |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 16,149 |percentage = 8.38% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Abhay Satish Salunke |party = Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 16,015 |percentage = 8.31% |change = {{increase}}5.90 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Shobhatai Vaijanath Benjarge |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 11,522 |percentage = 5.98% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Adv. Sidharth Deshmukh Ambegaonkar |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,350 |percentage = 0.70% |change = {{decrease}}4.93 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 791 |percentage = 0.41% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 27,511 |percentage = 14.27% |change = {{increase}}10.17 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 193,720 |percentage = 67.73% |change = {{decrease}}0.91 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 192,794}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 286,012 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.18 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}2.89 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nilanga <ref>{{cite web|publisher= Chief Eletoral Officer, [[Maharashtra]]|title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009 |url=https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-url= http://web.archive.org/web/20240708005931/https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Shivajirao Patil Nilangekar]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 78,267 |percentage = 42.73% |change = {{increase}}0.85 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nilangekar Sambhaji Diliprao Patil |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 70,763 |percentage = 38.64% |change = {{decrease}}4.78 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mohammaed Rafi Shamshoddin Sayyad |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 10,315 |percentage = 5.63% |change = {{increase}}3.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Subhash Anandrao Shinde |party = Rashtriya Samaj Paksha |votes = 6,034 |percentage = 3.29% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Madhavrao Hanmantrao |party = Jan Surajya Shakti |votes = 5,722 |percentage = 3.12% |change = {{decrease}}5.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Abhay Satish Salunke |party = Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 4,408 |percentage = 2.41% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Balaji Pundlik Shinde |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,122 |percentage = 1.16% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hari Babu Kale |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,282 |percentage = 0.70% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,504 |percentage = 4.10% |change = {{increase}}2.56 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 183,151 |percentage = 68.64% |change = {{decrease}}3.26 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 183,150}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 266,845 |ref = |change = {{increase}}25.51 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}0.69 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nilanga }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Sambhaji Patil Nilangekar]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 66,346 |percentage = 43.42% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nilangekar Patil Shivajirao Bhaurao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 63,990 |percentage = 41.88% |change = {{decrease}}3.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mane Sunil Baburao |party = Jan Surajya Shakti |votes = 13,092 |percentage = 8.57% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patel Farad Khaja Saheb |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 3,351 |percentage = 2.19% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Motibone Nandu Ram |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,955 |percentage = 1.28% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chikundre Gokul Jyotiba |party = Independent politician |votes = 986 |percentage = 0.65% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,356 |percentage = 1.54% |change = {{decrease}}16.94 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 152,878 |percentage = 71.90% |change = {{decrease}}0.92 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 152,792}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 212,617 |ref = |change = {{increase}}19.54 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}1.90 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nilanga <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Shivajirao Patil Nilangekar]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 54,705 |percentage = 45.32% |change = {{increase}}16.14 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jadhav Manikrao Bhimrao |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 32,398 |percentage = 26.84% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mane Sunil Baburao |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 16,187 |percentage = 13.41% |change = {{increase}}9.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kamble Shahuraj Vithoba |party = Independent politician |votes = 11,613 |percentage = 9.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gaikwad Nilkanth Keshavrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,767 |percentage = 2.29% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pawar Baburao Daulatrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,219 |percentage = 1.84% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 22,307 |percentage = 18.48% |change = {{decrease}}8.42 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 129,528 |percentage = 72.82% |change = {{decrease}}10.99 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 120,720}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 177,870 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.77 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Dal |swing = {{decrease}}10.76 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1995 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nilanga <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Jadhav Manikrao Bhimrao |party = Janata Dal |votes = 75,041 |percentage = 56.08% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Shivajirao Bhaurao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 39,047 |percentage = 29.18% |change = {{decrease}}23.68 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patel Syedpasha Osmansab |party = Independent politician |votes = 8,562 |percentage = 6.40% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Suryawanshi Chanchalabai Devidas |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 4,592 |percentage = 3.43% |change = {{decrease}}0.50 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gaikwad Dattu Laxman |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,049 |percentage = 0.78% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chawada Santosh Ramkrishna |party = Doordarshi Party |votes = 953 |percentage = 0.71% |change = {{increase}}0.16 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Katakdound Sakharam Maroti |party = Independent politician |votes = 839 |percentage = 0.63% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 35,994 |percentage = 26.90% |change = {{increase}}14.53 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 137,048 |percentage = 83.81% |change = {{increase}}18.81 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 133,801}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 163,526 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}1.89 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Dal |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}3.22 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1990 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nilanga <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Shivajirao Patil Nilangekar]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 56,312 |percentage = 52.86% |change = {{decrease}}24.93 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mane Vishwambharrao Shankarrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 43,136 |percentage = 40.49% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shryawanshi Devidas Jaiwantrao |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 4,186 |percentage = 3.93% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,176 |percentage = 12.37% |change = {{decrease}}52.26 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 108,347 |percentage = 65.00% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 106,529}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 166,678 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}24.93 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly By-election 1987 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1987 elections in India#Maharashtra|1987 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Nilanga <ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/2511-details-of-bye-elections-from-1952-to-1995/ |title=Details of Bye Elections from 1952 to 1995 |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=old.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Shivajirao Patil Nilangekar]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 75,482 |percentage = 77.79% |change = {{increase}}8.95 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = P. V. B. Wegedkai |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 12,770 |percentage = 13.16% |change = {{decrease}}11.72 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = T. U. Manikrao |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 5,494 |percentage = 5.66% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. D. Namdeo |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,517 |percentage = 1.56% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. A. Yadav |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,279 |percentage = 1.32% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 62,712 |percentage = 64.63% |change = {{increase}}20.68 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 97,039}}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}8.95 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nilanga <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Deelipkumar Shivajirao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 61,946 |percentage = 68.84% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Somwanshi Madhukarrao Ganpatrao |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 22,391 |percentage = 24.88% |change = {{decrease}}13.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gaikwad Digamber Rama |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,483 |percentage = 2.76% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tondare Somnath Baswanppa |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,780 |percentage = 1.98% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Surwase Dnyanoba Namdeo |party = Independent politician |votes = 576 |percentage = 0.64% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 39,555 |percentage = 43.95% |change = {{increase}}27.79 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 91,487 |percentage = 68.99% |change = {{increase}}0.39 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 89,992}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 132,608 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.95 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{increase}}14.59 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1980 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nilanga <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Shivajirao Patil Nilangekar]] |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 43,550 |percentage = 54.25% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Somwanshi Madhukarrao Ganpatrao |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 30,575 |percentage = 38.09% |change = {{decrease}}4.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shinde Vithalrao Raghunathrao |party = Indian National Congress (U) |votes = 4,627 |percentage = 5.76% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kambale Laxman Rajba |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,015 |percentage = 1.26% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gaikwad Tulshiram Maroti |party = Independent politician |votes = 510 |percentage = 0.64% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 12,975 |percentage = 16.16% |change = {{increase}}9.43 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 81,984 |percentage = 68.60% |change = {{decrease}}8.59 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 80,277}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 119,517 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.62 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}5.15 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nilanga <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Shivajirao Patil Nilangekar]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 41,664 |percentage = 49.10% |change = {{decrease}}0.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Salunke Shripatrao Gayanurao |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 35,955 |percentage = 42.37% |change = {{decrease}}1.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Suryavanshi Maruti Vishwanath |party = Independent politician |votes = 5,080 |percentage = 5.99% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Waghmare Vishwanath Bapurao |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,163 |percentage = 2.55% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,709 |percentage = 6.73% |change = {{increase}}0.74 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 87,342 |percentage = 77.19% |change = {{increase}}8.36 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 84,862}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 113,157 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.60 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}0.98 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nilanga <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Shivajirao Patil Nilangekar]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 34,144 |percentage = 50.08% |change = {{decrease}}5.26 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Madhukarrao Somawase |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 30,058 |percentage = 44.08% |change = {{increase}}6.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Mohanrao Bhimrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,648 |percentage = 3.88% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivadas Parmeshware |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 1,333 |percentage = 1.96% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,086 |percentage = 5.99% |change = {{decrease}}11.50 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 70,419 |percentage = 68.83% |change = {{decrease}}4.56 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 68,183}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 102,309 |ref = |change = {{increase}}12.90 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}5.26 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nilanga <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Shivajirao Patil Nilangekar]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 32,744 |percentage = 55.34% |change = {{decrease}}1.89 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. G. Solunke |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 22,394 |percentage = 37.85% |change = {{decrease}}4.92 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = D. B. Surwase |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,597 |percentage = 6.08% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Y. G. Patil |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 429 |percentage = 0.73% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,350 |percentage = 17.49% |change = {{increase}}3.03 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 66,510 |percentage = 73.39% |change = {{decrease}}0.65 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 59,164}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 90,621 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.31 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}1.89 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nilanga <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Shivajirao Patil Nilangekar]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 33,125 |percentage = 57.23% |change = {{increase}}8.96 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sripatrao Gayanurao |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 24,756 |percentage = 42.77% |change = {{decrease}}8.96 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,369 |percentage = 14.46% |change = {{increase}}11.00 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 60,829 |percentage = 74.04% |change = {{increase}}12.55 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 57,881}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 82,153 |ref = |change = {{increase}}42.73 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Peasants and Workers Party of India |swing = {{increase}}5.50 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1957 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Nilanga <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Salunke Shripatrao Gayanurao |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 18,309 |percentage = 51.73% |change = {{increase}}21.60 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivaji Bhaurao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 17,084 |percentage = 48.27% |change = {{decrease}}8.70 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,225 |percentage = 3.46% |change = {{decrease}}23.39 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 35,393 |percentage = 61.49% |change = {{increase}}7.64 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 35,393}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 57,557 |ref = |change = {{increase}}16.03 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Peasants and Workers Party of India |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}5.24 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election]] : Nilanga <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Hyderabad |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606161433/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf|archive-date=6 June 2016|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Sheshrao Madhavrao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 15,220 |percentage = 56.97% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ekemberkar Bapurao Vithalrao |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 8,048 |percentage = 30.13% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramrao Eknathrao Vakil |party = Socialist Party (India, 1948) |votes = 3,446 |percentage = 12.90% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,172 |percentage = 26.85% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 26,714 |percentage = 53.85% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 26,714}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 49,607 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Latur district}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{coord|18.13|76.75|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nilanga (Maharashtra Assembly Constituency)}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Latur district]]
[[Category:Latur]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Politics of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Bhokardan

2026-05-06T11:12:37Z

Sovrenn: adding stub.

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bhokardan
| other_name =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra#India3
| pushpin_relief = yes
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|20.253|N|75.769|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jalna district|Jalna]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for = King Bhogvardhan
| government_type =
| governing_body =[[Municipal Council]]
|leader_title = [[President (government title)#Sub-national|President]]
|leader_name =Vacant
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 587
| population_total =311303<ref>{{citation |title=Census of India 2011 |year=2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/798#metadata-description |access-date=2025-02-06 |url-status=live |website=Census Digital Library |author=Directorate of Census Operations, Maharashtra |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241218235947/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/798#metadata-description |archive-date=2024-12-18}}</ref>
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =431114
| registration_plate = MH-21
| website =
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
}}
'''Bhokardan''' is a metropolis in the [[India]]n state of [[Maharashtra]] and is one the oldest cities in India. Bhokardan was a part of the [[Hyderabad State]] until it joined India in 1948 as part of the [[Annexation of Hyderabad]]. In 1960, it became a part of the newly formed state of Maharashtra from the bilingual Bombay state. The ruins of the old fortifications are still visible around the city; the area of the old fort now houses tehsil offices. Bhokardan has been identified by modern historians as the capital of an ancient district raja Bhogavardhan.

==Etymology==
According to legends, the name Bhokardan is derived from the name of king Bhogvardhan or Bhagdnath, who ruled this city in ancient time. Local legends consider this to be a capital city of Bhoumasura, a mythological demon, who was killed by Hindu god [[Srikrishna|Shri Krishna]].<ref name = "MVKS">{{cite encyclopedia
| title =भोकरदन
| encyclopedia =मराठी विश्वकोश (Marathi encyclopedia)
| volume =12
| publisher =महाराष्ट्र राज्य मराठी विश्वकोश निर्मिती मंडळ
|location = Mumbai
| access-date = 15 July 2013
| url = http://www.marathivishwakosh.in/khandas/khand12/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=10188
| author= Degulkar, G.B.}}</ref>

==History==
Bhokardan is situated on the bank of Kelana river. Bhokardan has been identified by the modern historians with the ancient city of Bhogavardhana. One of the earliest references of Bhokardan is found in [[Markandeya Purana]], where it is described as a prosperous trading city in [[Dandakaranya]] area, located on the trade route from [[Ujjain|Ujjayini]], in central India to [[Paithan|Prathishthana]], then capital city of [[Satavahana]]s. Similar, references were also found in various other ancient literature.<ref name = "MVKS"/> In earlier period Bhokardan was a [[Janapada]], which later got status of an independent region. Bhokardan was the third richest city in [[Satavahana dynasty|Satavahana period]] after Prathishthana and [[Ter, Maharashtra|Ter]]. The inscription records at [[stupa]]s of [[Bharhut]] and [[Sanchi]], mention receiving donations from inhabitants of this city for their construction. There is a reference in an article from 593 AD that, the king of [[Mahishmati]], Raja Shankargan, of [[Kalachuris of Mahishmati|Kalachuri]] dynasty, has donated some land to a Brahmin in Bhogvardan region.<ref name = "MVKS"/> However, the history of this place in the Middle Ages is not known. In later period of [[Peshwas]] rule, this city came under control of the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]]. Bhokardan was part of Hyderabad State until its annexation into the Indian Union in 1948. In 1960, it became a part of newly form state of Maharashtra from bilingual [[Bombay state]]. The ruins of old fortification are still visible around the city; the old fort area now houses the Tehsil office.

Excavation at Bhokardan: An ancient site comprising two mounds, about 70 ft high, was discovered by M. N. Deshpande near Bhokardan in 1958.<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Ghosh|editor-first=A. |title=Indian Archaeology - A Review 1958-59|year=1959|publisher=Department of Archaeology, Government of India|pages=68–9}}</ref> Subsequently, a joint evacuation was carried away by a combined team of [[Nagpur University]] and [[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University|Marathwada University]], in 1973–74, during this evacuation two periods of occupation were identified:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://marathivishwakosh.org/3108/|title=भोकरदन Bhokardan (Bhogvardhan)|date=2019-02-05|website=मराठी विश्वकोश|language=mr-IN|access-date=2019-12-18}}</ref>

* Period I
** Period Ia - early [[Satavahana]] period
** Period Ib - late Satavahana period
* Period II post Satavahana period.
During the excavations, traces of foundations, brick walls, floors, post-holes, fallen roofs and a ring well were discovered. The artifacts found from the site included punch-marked coins, copper coins of the Satavahanas and the Kshatrapas; a few [[terracotta]] bullae with legends in Greek; coin moulds and seals. About 2000 beads made of terracotta, glass, shell and semi-precious stones were also found. A large number of terracotta, iron, copper and ivory objects were found from the site.<ref name=singh>{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Upinder|title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century|year=2008|publisher=Pearson Education|location=Delhi|isbn=978-81-317-1677-9|page=398}}</ref> The other important items found at site compromised: scores of human and animal figurines; ivory and shell bangles; terracotta ear ornaments; saddle querns with Buddhist symbols and burnt grains which compromised wheat, Jowar, gram, ber and rice.

[[File:Statuetta indiana di Lakshmi, avorio, da pompei, 1-50 dc ca., 149425, 02.JPG|thumb|upright|The [[Pompeii Lakshmi]] [[ivory carving|ivory statuette]] (1st century CE) found in the ruins of [[Pompeii]] in Italy is thought to have originated in Bhokardan.<ref>State Intervention and Popular Response: Western India in the Nineteenth Century, Mariam Dossal, Ruby Maloni, Popular Prakashan, 1999, p.46 [https://books.google.com/books?id=t7f0JEWk6HMC&pg=PA46]</ref>]]
However, the most exquisite of all the find was the lower half of an ivory female figurine, carved in the round with two female attendants. It is reminiscent of the ivory statue of Hindu goddess found at ancient Roman town-city [[Pompeii]] near modern Naples in the Italy, which was destroyed and buried under ash and pumice in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. Numbers of scholars have argued that the ivory statue of Pompeii had its origin at Bhokardan, which found its way either through ancient caravan based [[silk route]] or via ship based [[spice route]] to Pompeii in the first century AD.<ref>{{cite book | title=State Intervention and Popular Response: Western India at the nineteenth century| author=Mariam Dossal and Ruby Maloni| pages=220| publisher=Popular Prakashan private Ltd.}}</ref> Similar ivory objects were also found at Ter. This statues serves as a testimonial of trade relationships of the ancient world.

During Satavahanas' period Bhokardan was a center for ivory artifacts, which were traded for other items. After the decline of the Satavahanas, Bhokardan lost its importance as a major trade center, leading to its downfall.<ref name = "MVKS"/> It seems to have been re-occupied only in medieval period.

The ivory female statue and number of other artifacts which were found during excavation are now preserved and displayed at the history museum, of department of History & Ancient Indian Culture, of [[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University]], Aurangabad.

==Geography==
Bhokardan is located at {{Coord|20.27|N|75.77|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/16/Bhokardan.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Bhokardan]</ref> It has an average elevation of 587 metres (1925 feet). The old city lies on small hills on the south bank of Kelana river. Over the last few decades, city has expanded and continue to grow southwards, towards the road to [[Jalna, Maharashtra|Jalna]].

==Demographics==
{{As of|2018}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/802759-bhokardan-maharashtra.html | title=Bhokardan Municipal Council City Population Census 2011-2022 | Maharashtra }}</ref> Bhokardan had a population of 70,416. Males constitute 35751 of the population and females 34665. The population of children aged 0-6 is 3767 which is 15.43% of total population of Bhokardan (M Cl). The female sex ratio is 915 against state average of 929. Moreover, the child sex ratio in Bhokardan is around 859 compared to Maharashtra state average of 894. The literacy rate of Bhokardan city is 81.96% lower than state average of 82.34%. In Bhokardan, male literacy is around 88.66% while the female literacy rate is 74.72%.
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Bhokardan
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hindus]]|orange|49.95}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslims]]|green|43.13}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhists]]|red|5.43}}
{{bar percent|[[Christians]]|blue|0.10}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism|Jains]]|pink|1.20}}
{{bar percent|Not Stated†|black|0.15}}
|caption=Distribution of religions 
†Includes [[Sikh]]s (0.04%), [[Buddhism|Buddhists]] (<0.2%).
}}

== Government ==
{{main|Bhokardan (Vidhan Sabha constituency)}}

Bhokardan (constituency number 103) is one of the five [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies located in [[Jalna district]] and is the seat for the [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the legislative assembly]]. It covers the entire [[Jafrabad, Jalna|Jafrabad]] [[taluka]] and part of Bhokardan tehsil of this district. Current MLA for Bhokardan constituency is [[Santosh Danve]] of [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bhartiya Janta Party]], son of [[Raosaheb Danve]].

Bhokardan is part of [[Jalna (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalna Lok Sabha Constituency]].

== Economy==
Weekly market of Bhokardan is on Saturday of every week .

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar's statue in Sulanli village, Maharashtra.jpg|Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar's statue in Bhokardan
Vikas_Borde.jpg|Technology seminar for students in Bhokardan
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Bhokardan (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]]

* [[Bhokardan Caves]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Deo, S. B. and R. S. Gupte (eds.) (1974). ''Excavations at Bhokardan (Bhogavardhana)'', Nagpur: Nagpur University

{{Jalna district topics}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Jalna district]]
[[Category:Talukas in Maharashtra]]

Uzbekistan cough syrup scandal

2026-05-05T07:58:38Z

Sovrenn: data!

{{Short description|Scandal in Uzbekistan regarding cough syrup}}
{{Infobox event
| title = Uzbekistan cough syrup scandal
| image = Dok-1 Max dorisini qabul qilmaslik haqida sms.jpg
| caption = A warning not to take Dok-1 Max tablets as issued by the Uzbekistan [[Ministry of Public Health (Uzbekistan)|Ministry of Health]]
| theme = Medicine
| location = Primarily [[Samarkand]] region
| date = December 24, 2022 — January 13, 2023 ({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=12|day1=24|year1=2022|month2=01|day2=13|year2=2023}})
| deaths = 20
}}
The '''Uzbekistan cough syrup scandal''' was a series of [[Poisoning|poisonings]] that resulted in the deaths of 18 children in [[Samarkand]] and two more children elsewhere in [[Uzbekistan]] in December 2022 and January 2023. It was caused by the toxic levels of [[diethylene glycol]] and [[ethylene glycol]] in [[Cold medicine|cold medicines]] produced by the [[India|Indian]] company Marion Biotech, such as the Dok-1 Max brand. Subsequently, the Indian government investigated Marion Biotech's manufacturing processes, while Uzbek authorities opened a criminal case against members of the health system that had contributed to the children's deaths, such as regulatory officials and pharmacy administrators.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Das |first1=Krishna N. |last2=Rigby |first2=Jennifer |date=13 September 2023 |title=Cough Syrup Killed Scores of Children. Why No One Has Been Held to Account? |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/health-coughsyrup-india/ |access-date=17 October 2023}}</ref>

On December 22, the sale and distribution of Dok-1 Max was temporarily suspended in Uzbekistan, followed by the complete ban of Marion-produced cough syrups one week later. Uzbek customs officials prevented the distribution of 60,000 boxes of Dok-1 Max in response to the new regulations. In late December, the Indian government also ordered the company's manufacturing plant in [[Noida]], Uttar Pradesh to shutdown production and on January 10, 2023, it suspended Marion's license to conduct business.

[[Shavkat Mirziyoyev]], the current [[President of Uzbekistan]], removed Sardor Kariyev from directing the [[Ministry of Public Health (Uzbekistan)|Ministry of Health]]'s Agency for the Development of the Pharmaceutical Network for failed regulatory oversight. The [[World Health Organization]] is continuing to investigate the poisonings.

==Background==
Dok-1 Max is a [[combination drug]] produced in syrup and tablet forms, used to resolve symptoms of [[Influenza-like illness|acute respiratory diseases]]. It is mainly used in cases of [[whooping cough]], [[Rhinorrhea|runny nose]], wet cough, [[sore throat]], [[angina]], [[headache]], [[Myalgia|body aches]], and [[fever]].<ref name="vitainfo.uz">{{cite web |title=DOK 1 MAKS |url=https://vitainfo.uz/uz/dori/dok-1-maks |website=vitainfo.uz |date=29 October 2020 |accessdate=December 29, 2022 |archive-date=14 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114010511/https://vitainfo.uz/uz/dori/dok-1-maks |url-status=dead }}</ref> Despite the packaging indicating that the syrup can be safely used for children aged 2 and over, other companies only recommend use among those over 12 years of age. Each 10 ml dose of the drug contains [[paracetamol]] (500 mg), [[guaifenesin]] (200 mg), [[phenylephrine hydrochloride]] (10 mg), and minor amounts of [[sorbitol]], [[propylene glycol]], [[sodium benzoate]], [[citric acid monohydrate]], [[sodium saccharin]], [[sucralose]], [[glycerol]], [[caramel color|caramel coloring]], [[Flavoring|ice lemon flavoring]], [[menthol]], and [[purified water]].<ref name="uzreport.news3">{{cite web |title=Samarqandda "Dok-1 Maks" preparatidan 18 nafar bola vafot etgani ma'lum bo'ldi |url=https://uzreport.news/society/samarqandda-dok-1-maks-preparatidan-18-nafar-bola-vafot-etgani-ma-lum-bo-ldi |website=uzreport.news |accessdate=December 29, 2022}}</ref>

The drug was available in Uzbekistan from 2012 to 2022 and imported under the [[limited liability company]] Quramax Medical.<ref name="kunuz1">{{cite web |title=ЖССТ бутун дунёни "Док-1 Макс"дан огоҳлантирди. Бу дори Ўзбекистонга қандай кириб келган? |url=https://kun.uz/news/2023/01/12/jsst-butun-dunyoni-dok-1-maksdan-ogohlantirdi-bu-dori-ozbekistonga-qanday-kirib-kelgan |accessdate=January 13, 2023 |website=kun.uz}}</ref>

==Toxicity==
{{Further|Ethylene glycol poisoning}}

The Uzbek Ministry of Health's toxicology studies identified substitution of the cough syrup's propylene glycol with diethylene glycol and ethylene glycol, toxic substances that can cause [[vomiting]], [[seizures]], [[Syncope (medicine)|syncope]], [[acute renal failure]], and [[cardiovascular disease]].<ref name="ssv-uz" /><ref>{{cite web |title="Quramax Medikal"нинг Ўзбекистонда сотуви тўхтатилган дорилар рўйхати эълон қилинди |url=https://kun.uz/uz/news/2023/01/06/quramax-medicalning-ozbekistonda-sotuvi-toxtatilgan-dorilar-royxati-elon-qilindi |accessdate=January 13, 2023 |website=kun.uz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=SSV sotuvi toʻxtatilgan preparatlar roʻyxatini eʼlon qildi |url=https://oyina.uz/uz/posts/13351 |accessdate=January 6, 2023 |website=oyina.uz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Чуқурлаштирилган сифат назорати натижаларига кўра, "Док-1 Макс" ҳамда "Амбронол" ... |url=https://t.me/ssvuz/11836 |accessdate=January 6, 2023 |website=ssv.uz}}</ref><ref name="gazeta.uz1" /><ref name="uzreport.uz2" /> Marion Biotech allowed adultation with diethylene glycol and ethylene glycol at approximately 300 times higher than regulatory limits.<ref>{{cite web |title=Medical Product Alert N°1/2023: Substandard (contaminated) liquid dosage medicines |url=https://www.who.int/news/item/11-01-2023-medical-product-alert-n-1-2023-substandard-(contaminated)-liquid-dosage-medicines |accessdate=January 13, 2023 |website=who.int}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Medical product |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/marion-biotech-maker-of-toxic-cough-syrup-loses-registration-11672421692869.html |accessdate=January 13, 2023 |website=livemint.com|date=30 December 2022 }}</ref>

==Incidents==
An official letter from the head of the Children's Multidisciplinary Medical Center of the [[Samarqand Region|Samarkand region]], Mamatkul Azizov, to the head of the Health Department of the regional government, Davronbek Jumaniozov, on December 15, describes the tragic circumstances related to Dok-1 Max to have happened "in the last 2 months".<ref>{{cite web |title=Ижтимоий тармоқларда Док-1МАКС препарати болалар ўлимига сабаб бўлаётгани ҳақида хабарлар тарқалмоқда |url=https://kun.uz/news/2022/12/22/ijtimoiy-tarmoqlarda-dok-1maks-preparati-bolalar-olimiga-sabab-bolayotgani-haqida-xabarlar-tarqalmoqda |website=kun.uz |accessdate=January 13, 2023}}</ref>

Oltinoy Esanova, the deputy head of the [[Sirdaryo Region|Syrdarya Region]] health department, reported that the drug had a negative effect on seven children.<ref name="qalampir.uz6">{{cite web |title=Сирдарёда ҳам 7 бола "Док-1 Макс"дан заҳарланди |url=https://qalampir.uz/news/sirdareda-%D2%B3am-7-bola-dok-1-maks-dan-za%D2%B3arlandi-74950 |website=qalampir.uz |accessdate=January 5, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Intervyu 📡Sirdaryo telekanali👇🏼 |url=https://t.me/Sirdaryo_Mtrk/8450 |website=Sirdaryo telekanali | accessdate=January 5, 2023}}</ref> 3 of the patients are in the [[intensive care unit]], and 4 have recovered.<ref>{{cite web |title=Сирдарё вилоятида "Док-1 Макс" ва "Амбронол" дорилари етти нафар болага ножўя таъсир қилгани маълум қилинди |url=https://kun.uz/11189870 |website=kun.uz |accessdate=January 5, 2023}}</ref> The information advised parents to refer children under 6 years of age who have received Dok-1 Max to family hospitals, even if there are no side effects.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sirdaryoda "Dok-1 Maks" sabab uch nafar bola jonlantirish bo'limida ekani ma'lum qilindi |url=https://daryo.uz/2023/01/04/sirdaryoda-dok-1-maks-sabab-uch-nafar-bola-jonlantirish-bolimida-ekani-malum-qilindi/ |website=daryo.uz |accessdate=January 5, 2023}}</ref>

Abduqayum Tokhtaqulov, the head of the health department of [[Fergana Region|Fergana region]], reported to the [[Uzbekistan National News Agency|National News Agency]] that a 3-year-old boy was poisoned.<ref>{{cite web |title=Farg'onada uch yoshli bola "Dok-1 Maks" siropidan zaharlangani ma'lum qilindi |url=https://daryo.uz/2023/01/02/fargonada-uch-yoshli-bola-dok-1-maks-siropidan-zaharlangani-malum-qilindi/ |website=daryo.uz |accessdate= January 5, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Фарғонада ҳам "Док-1 Макс"дан заҳарланиш ҳолати аниқланди |url=https://kun.uz/01389926 |website=kun.uz |accessdate=January 5, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Фарғонада болаларни дори препаратларидан заҳарланиш ҳолати қатъий назоратга олинган |url=https://uza.uz/uz/posts/fargonada-bolalarni-dori-preparatlaridan-zaharlanish-holati-qatiy-nazoratga-olingan_440780 |website=UzA.uz |date=January 2023 |accessdate=January 5, 2023}}</ref> In his message, he noted that the condition of the patient from the city of Kuvasoy was serious and that he was currently being treated on the basis of specially approved standards.<ref>{{cite web |title=Фарғонада ҳам "Док-1 Макс"дан заҳарланиш аниқланди. Боланинг аҳволи оғир |url=https://qalampir.uz/news/fargonada-dok-1-maks-dan-za%D2%B3arlanish-anik-landi-bolaning-a%D2%B3voli-ogir-74887 |website=qalampir.uz |accessdate=January 5, 2023}}</ref> Tokhtakulov also told parents that they should keep their children away from such drugs and not to give them to their children.<ref>{{cite web |title=Farg'onada uch yoshli bola "Dok-1 Maks" siropidan zaharlangani ma'lum qilindi |url=https://daryo.uz/2023/01/02/fargonada-uch-yoshli-bola-dok-1-maks-siropidan-zaharlangani-malum-qilindi |website=daryo.uz |accessdate=January 5, 2023}}</ref>

There were also reports that 9 children were poisoned in [[Tashkent Region|Tashkent region]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Тошкент вилоятида 9 нафар бола "Док-1 Макс" сиропидан заҳарланди |url=https://www.gazeta.uz/uz/2023/01/05/dok-1-maks/ |website=gazeta.uz |date=5 January 2023 |accessdate=January 5, 2023}}</ref> According to the report of the regional administration, until now there had been no cases of death in the region due to the drug.<ref name="bayonot">{{cite web |title=Toshkent viloyatida shu kunga qadar "DOK-1 MAKS" dorisidan oʻlim holati kuzatilmagan. |url=https://t.me/toshvilpressa/35133 |website=toshvilpressa |accessdate=January 5, 2023}}</ref> It was reported in the media that five of the children in the region recovered, and the condition of four was stable.<ref>{{cite web |title=Расман: Тошкент вилоятида 9 нафар бола "Док-1 Макс"дан заҳарланди |url=https://qalampir.uz/news/rasman-toshkent-viloyatida-9-nafar-bola-dok-1-maks-dan-za%D2%B3arlandi-75018 |website=qalampir.uz |accessdate= January 5, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Тошкент вилоятида "ДОК-1 МАКС"дан болалар заҳарланган, аммо ўлим ҳолати кузатилмаган |url=https://kun.uz/news/2023/01/05/toshkent-viloyatida-dok-1-maksdan-bolalar-zaharlangan-ammo-olim-holati-kuzatilmagan |website=daryo.uz |accessdate=January 5, 2023}}</ref>

Akmal Askarov, deputy minister of [[Karakalpakstan]], told the [[National Television and Radio Company of Uzbekistan|state television channel]] that two children were poisoned by the Dok-1 Max and were sent to [[Tashkent]] for specialized treatment. Spokesman of the Ministry S. Ziyayev noted that the condition of the children was average, with [[Nephrotoxicity|renal toxicity]] being observed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Qoraqalpog'istonda "Dok-1 Maks"dan zaharlangan ikki bola davolanish uchun Toshkentga olib kelingani ma'lum bo'ldi |url=https://daryo.uz/2023/01/06/qoraqalpogistonda-dok-1-maksdan-zaharlangan-ikki-bola-davolanish-uchun-toshkentga-olib-kelingani-malum-boldi |website=daryo.uz |accessdate=January 6, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Qoraqalpog'iston Respublikasi Sog'liqni saqlash vaziri o'rinbosari Akmal Asqarovning "Qaraqalpaqstan" telekanaliga bergan intervyusi |url=https://t.me/daryo_live/75561 |website=daryo.uz |accessdate=January 6, 2023}}</ref>

== Deaths ==
Cases of death in young children were recorded in [[Samarkand]] (18), [[Kashkadarya]] (1) and [[Namangan]] (1) regions.<ref name="kompramat">{{cite web |title=Наманганда ҳам Док-1 Максдан ўлим ҳолати қайд этилди |url=https://t.me/Kompromatuzb/6524 |website=kompramat.uz |accessdate= January 7, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Наманганда "Док-1 Макс" дори воситасидан ўлим ҳолати қайд этилгани ростми? |url=https://uza.uz/uz/posts/namanganda-dok-1-maks-dori-vositasidan-olim-holati-qayd-etilgani-rostmi_442629 |website=UzA.uz |date=7 January 2023 |accessdate= January 7, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Наманганда "Док-1 Макс" препаратини қабул қилган 3 ёшли бола вафот этди |url=https://kun.uz/08080864 |website=kun.uz |accessdate= January 7, 2023}}</ref><ref name="daryo.uz0">{{cite web |title=Qashqadaryoda "Dok-1 Maks" siropini iste'mol qilgan 1,5 yoshli bola vafot etdi |url=https://daryo.uz/2022/12/29/qashqadaryoda-dok-1-maks-siropini-istemol-qilgan-15-yoshli-bola-vafot-etdi |website=daryo.uz |date=29 December 2022 |accessdate= December 29, 2022}}</ref>{{efn|Daryo.uz nashri aniq.uz sayti manbasiga tayanib Toshkent shahrida ham bir nafar bola vafot etganini eʼtirof etadi. Biroq, viloyati hokimligi viloyatda o'lim holati qayd etilmaganini ta'kidlagan.}}

18 children died in the children's multidisciplinary medical center located in Samarkand after taking cough syrup produced in [[India]]. Human rights representative of the [[Oliy Majlis]], [[ombudsman]] Aliya Yunusova, representatives of the child rights protection sector and prosecutor's office conducted a special study on children who died in this hospital, showing that all of the dead children were under the age of 6, and 15 of them were children under the age of 3. The patients who died in Samarkand were from [[Jizzakh]], [[Kashkadarya]], [[Navoi]] and [[Samarkand]] regions.<ref name="ombudsman.uz1">{{cite web |title=Самарқанддаги болалар шифохонасида 18 нафар бола вафот этгани бўйича Болалар Омбудсмани мониторинг ўтказди |url=http://www.ombudsman.uz/uz/news/2022/12/26/samarqanddagi-bolalar-shifoxonasida-18-nafar-bola-vafot-etgani-boyicha-bolalar-ombudsmani-monitoring-otkazdi |website=ombudsman.uz |accessdate= December 29, 2022}}</ref><ref name="daryo.uz2">{{cite web |title=Samarqandda "Dok-1 Maks" preparatidan 18 nafar bola vafot etgani ma'lum bo'ldi |url=https://daryo.uz/2022/12/26/samarqandda-dok-1-maks-preparatidan-18-nafar-bola-vafot-etgani-malum-boldi |website=daryo.uz |date=26 December 2022 |accessdate= December 29, 2022}}</ref>

On December 29, 2022, the number of children who died as a result of taking this drug reached 20. A child born on August 14, 2021, in [[Dehqonobod District|Dehqonabad district]] of Kashkadarya region was brought to the Kashkadarya branch of the Emergency Medical Center of the Republic of Uzbekistan on December 27 under the effects of the syrup. The child died on December 28, despite the medical assistance provided.<ref name="qalampir5">{{cite web |title="Док-1 Макс" ичиб вафот этганлар яна бир кишига кўпайди|url=https://qalampir.uz/n/74768 |website=qalampir.uz |accessdate= January 5, 2023}}</ref><ref name="daryo.uz0" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Бугун 2022 йил 28 декабрь куни Тошкент шаҳар 16-сонли тез тиббий ёрдам шифохонасида Жиззах вилояти Зарбдор туманидан бўлган, 2018 йилда туғилган Н.М. Док-1 Макс дори воситасидан вафот этди. |url=https://aniq.uz/yangiliklar/dok-1-maks-tufayli-yana-bir-gudak-vafot-etdi |website=aniq.uz | date=28 December 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Qashqadaryoda ham "Dok-1 Maks" siropidan o'lim qayd etildi |url=http://m.xabar.uz/uz/hodisa/qashqadaryoda-ham-dok-1-maks-siropida |website=xabar.uz |accessdate= December 29, 2022}}</ref>

One of the family members of the deceased child told Daryo.uz about the development of events:<ref>{{cite web |title="Sirop haqida eshitib, vaziyatni bilganimizda jiyanim shifoxonada edi" — "Dok-1 Maks" siropidan zaharlanib, vafot etgan 1,5 yoshli bolaning ammasi |url=https://daryo.uz/2023/01/03/sirop-haqida-eshitib-vaziyatni-bilganimizda-jiyanim-shifoxonada-edi-dok-1-maks-siropidan-zaharlanib-vafot-etgan-15-yoshli-bolaning-ammasi |website=daryo.uz |accessdate=January 5, 2023}}</ref>

{{ Blockquote|People at the emergency center did not accept my nephew and said that he should be taken to the capital. While the child was being taken to Tashkent, emergency medical workers asked to bring him back. We found out that my nephew was poisoned by that drug through the results of medical examinations in Karshi. We thought it was flu symptoms. When the doctors said, "What kind of medicine have you given him, send the picture", we send the picture. Doctors said that the drug had severely damaged the child's organs such as kidneys and liver. We heard about the ban on this medicine after my nephew finished taking it. By then it was too late.|author=Shahnoza Nafasova, aunt of the deceased child}}

Out of 43{{efn|Samarqand (21), Toshkent viloyati (9), Sirdaryo (7), Qoraqalpogʻiston (2), Toshkent shahri (1), Fargʻona (1) Namangan (1), Qashqadaryo (1) kabi hududlardan jami 43 nafar bola zaharlanganligi manbalarda taʼkidlangan.}} children with acute respiratory diseases, 20<ref>{{cite web |title="The Diplomat" O'zbekistonning xavfli tibbiyoti haqida maqola e'lon qildi |url=https://qalampir.uz/uz/news/the-diplomat-uzbekistonning-khavfli-tibbiyeti-%D2%B3ak-ida-mak-ola-e-lon-k-ildi-75432 |accessdate=January 13, 2023}}</ref> who died shortly after admission were found to have taken excessive amounts of the Dok-1 Max syrup, sometimes consisting of 2.5 to 5 ml 3-4 times a day for 2–7 days.

== Responses ==
The sale and distribution of imported cough syrup was temporarily suspended on December 22. During a briefing held on December 29, 2022, with the participation of Sevara Ubaidullayeva, the head of the Department of Maternity and Child Protection of the [[Ministry of Public Health (Uzbekistan)|Ministry of Health of Uzbekistan]], special recommendations were given to people who took Dok-1 Max, saying that patients who did not develop various symptoms days after taking the drug should not be alarmed.<ref name="daryo.uz1">{{cite web |title=O'zbekistonga olib kelingan "Dok-1 Maks" preparatining bir nechta partiyasida zaharli modda aniqlandi |url=https://daryo.uz/2022/12/29/ozbekistonga-olib-kelingan-dok-1-maks-preparatining-bir-nechta-partiyasida-zaharli-modda-aniqlandi/ |accessdate=December 29, 2022 |website=daryo.uz| date=29 December 2022 }}</ref> After it was disclosed that several batches of Dok-1 Max and other similar cold syrups were found to contain toxic substances, their sale was banned, but it was reported that some [[pharmacies]] were still engaged in selling such drugs.{{cn|date=November 2023}} That month, 3 imported batches of the Dok-1 Max (about 60,000 boxes) were placed under strict control by officials of the State Customs Committee against in response to the health crisis.<ref>{{cite web |title=60 минг қути "Док-1 Макс" ушлаб турилгани маълум бўлди |url=https://qalampir.uz/news/60-ming-k-uti-dok-1-maks-ushlab-turilgani-ma-lum-buldi-74965 |website=qalampir.uz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=O'zbekistonda "Dok-1 Maks"ning qancha partiyasi bojxona omborida saqlanayotgani ma'lum qilindi |url=https://daryo.uz/2023/01/04/ozbekistonda-dok-1-maksning-qancha-partiyasi-bojxona-omborida-saqlanayotgani-malum-qilindi/ |accessdate=January 5, 2023 |website=daryo.uz}}</ref>

'''Ministry of Health'''

In connection with the incident, officials of the Ministry of Health of Uzbekistan reported that they formed a special working group consisting of qualified specialists of the State Center for Expertise and Standardization of Medicines, Medical Products and Medical Equipment in order to study the negative symptoms caused by the adulterated drug.<ref name="oyina.uz1" /> The message stated that there was a criminal motivation behind the incident, that 7 persons responsible were fired, and that the identified information was sent to the law enforcement authorities.<ref name="ssv-uz">{{cite web |title=Док-1 Макс сиропи ўрганиш натижалари: Жиноят аломатлари мавжуд, барча масъуллар ишдан олинди, материаллар ҳуқуқни муҳофаза қилиш органларига юборилди |url=https://t.me/ssvuz/11743 |website=telegram.org |accessdate= December 29, 2022}}</ref> According to the report, the medicine was bought without a doctor's prescription, independently on the recommendation of [[pharmacist]]s, and was taken in an overdose.<ref name="gazeta.uz1">{{cite news |title="Dok-1 Maks" dorisi tarkibida zaharli modda — etilenglikol topildi |url=https://www.gazeta.uz/oz/2022/12/27/ssv/ |website=gazeta.uz |date=27 December 2022 |accessdate= December 29, 2022}}</ref><ref name="qalampir.uz2">{{cite web |title=O'zbekistonga kirgan "Dok-1 Maks" dorisida zaharli moddalar borligi aniqlandi. Ishda jinoyat izlari bor |url=https://qalampir.uz/uz/news/uzbekistonga-kirgan-dok-1-maks-dorisida-za%D2%B3arli-moddalar-borligi-anik-lan-ishda-zhinoyat-izlari-bor-74667 |website=qalampir.uz |accessdate= December 29, 2022}}</ref><ref name="uzreport.uz2" /> [[Behzod Musayev]], the minister of the health department of Republic of Uzbekistan, sent a video message of condolence to the parents and relatives of 18 children who died after taking the Dok-1 Max drug.<ref name="uzreport.news4">{{cite web |title=Sog'liqni saqlash vaziri B.Musayev videomurojaat orqali Dok-1 Maks dori vositasini ichish natijasida dunyodan ko'z yumgan 18 nafar bolaning ota-onalari va yaqinlariga hamdardlik bildirdi. |url=https://t.me/UzReport_uz/49786 |website=uzreport.news |accessdate=December 29, 2022}}</ref> The head of [[the Department of Motherhood and Child Protection]] stated that the result of a study conducted by the special working group appointed by the Ministry showed that the condition observed in children under the influence of syrup had been obtained more than 2 months since its onset; the fact that hospital officials did not provide prompt information on the incident to the ministry on the same day further complicated the situation.<ref name="daryo.uz3">{{cite web |title="Dok-1 Maks" dorisini fosh qilgan tibbiyot xodimlari o'z vaqtida SSVga xabar bermagani ma'lum bo'ldi |url=https://daryo.uz/2022/12/29/dok-1-maks-dorisini-fosh-qilgan-tibbiyot-xodimlari-oz-vaqtida-ssvga-xabar-bermagani-malum-boldi |website=daryo.uz |date=29 December 2022 |accessdate=December 29, 2022}}</ref>

'''Marion Biotech Pvt. Ltd'''

{{Blockquote|We are sorry for the death, the government is investigating. Based on the results, we will take appropriate action. Samples have already been taken. Production of this product has been discontinued, other processes are in progress.|author=Hasan Raza, [[General counsel|legal head]] of Marion Biotech<ref name="uzreport.news5"/>}}

'''World Health Organization'''

Since December 27, the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) has been in contact with government officials in [[Uzbekistan]] regarding the deaths of children who died after consuming [[Dok-1 Max]] cough syrup:<ref name="daryo.uz6">{{cite web |title=JSST O'zbekistonda "Dok-1 Maks" dorisidan bolalar o'lgani yuzasidan munosabat bildirdi |url=https://daryo.uz/2022/12/30/jsst-ozbekistonda-dok-1-maks-dorisidan-bolalar-olgani-yuzasidan-munosabat-bildirdi/ |website=daryo.uz | date=30 December 2022 |accessdate=December 31, 2022}}</ref>

{{Blockquote|We are in contact with the authorities of Uzbekistan and are busy collecting information about 18 dead children|author=WHO officials.<ref name="aninews.in1">{{cite web |title=We are in touch with the Uzbek authorities: WHO over deaths of 18 children |url=https://aninews.in/news/world/others/we-are-in-touch-with-the-uzbek-authorities-who-over-deaths-of-18-children20221230183216/ |website=aninews.in |accessdate=December 31, 2022 |archive-date=December 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241221001834/https://aninews.in/news/world/others/we-are-in-touch-with-the-uzbek-authorities-who-over-deaths-of-18-children20221230183216/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>}}
The total number of deaths from the toxic cough syrup across three countries of the world was 300, as announced by the World Health Organization announced in a press release:<ref>{{cite web |title=xavfli dorilar ro'yxati e'lon qilindi |url=https://kun.uz/uz/news/2023/01/26/jsst-300-odam-olimiga-sabab-bolgan-xavfli-dorilar-royxatini-elon-qildi }}</ref>

{{Blockquote|More than 300 people have died in the past 4 months from over-the-counter cough syrups with high levels of diethylene glycol (DEG) and ethylene glycol (EG).|author=World Health Organization}}

'''President of Uzbekistan'''

Sardor Kariyev, who had been working as the director of the [[Agency for the Development of the Pharmaceutical Network]] under [[the Ministry of Health of Uzbekistan]] since February 2019, was relieved of his duties at a meeting held by the President of the Republic on December 30.<ref name="xs.uz1">{{cite web |title=Prezident Farmatsevtika tarmogʻini rivojlantirish agentligi rahbarini ishdan oldi. |url=https://xs.uz/uz/post/prezident-farmatsevtika-tarmogini-rivozhlantirish-agentligi-rahbarini-ishdan-oldi |website=xs.uz |accessdate=December 31, 2022}}</ref> The president also learned about the death of children in [[Samarkand]].<ref name="gazeta.uz3">{{cite news |title=O'zbekiston prezidenti Farmatsevtika agentligi rahbarini ishdan oldi |url=https://www.gazeta.uz/oz/2022/12/30/pharm-agency/ |website=gazeta.uz |date=30 December 2022 |accessdate=December 31, 2022}}</ref> He criticized officials of the field who were connected to the situation:<ref name="daryo.uz7">{{cite web |title=Shavkat Mirziyoyev Farmatsevtika tarmog'ini rivojlantirish agentligi rahbarini ishdan oldi |url=https://daryo.uz/2022/12/30/shavkat-mirziyoyev-farmatsevtika-tarmogini-rivojlantirish-agentligi-rahbarini-ishdan-oldi |website=daryo.uz |date=30 December 2022 |accessdate=December 31, 2022}}</ref><ref name="kun.uz2">{{cite web |title=Shavkat Mirziyoyev Farmatsevtika tarmog'ini rivojlantirish agentligi rahbarini ishdan oldi|url=https://kun.uz/uz/news/2022/12/30/prezident-farmatsevtika-agentligi-rahbarini-ishdan-oldi |website=kun.uz |accessdate=December 31, 2022}}</ref>

{{Blockquote|The death of children in Samarkand and Kashkadarya showed the state of affairs in the field and lack of control. Today I fired Kariyev, the head of the Pharmaceutical Agency. All the officials who allowed this will be held responsible to the law! |author=Shavkat Mirziyoyev<ref name="uzreport.news7">{{cite web |title=Shavkat Mirziyoyev Farmatsevtika tarmogʻini rivojlantirish agentligi rahbarini ishdan oldi |url=https://uzreport.news/politics/shavkat-mirziyoyev-farmatsevtika-tarmog-ini-rivojlantirish-agentligi-rahbarini-ishdan-oldi |website=uzreport.news |accessdate=December 31, 2022}}</ref>}}

=== Criminal investigation ===
Following the scandal, the Indian government has launched an investigation against Marion Biotech.<ref>{{cite web |title=⚡️⚡️Ҳиндистон ҳукумати "Док-1 МАКС" дорисини ишлаб чиқарган компанияга қарши иш очди |url=https://t.me/ssvuz/11758 |website=uza.uz |accessdate=January 23, 2023}}</ref><ref name="uzreport.uz1">{{cite web |title=Hindiston hukumati 'Dok-1 Maks' dorisini ishlab chiqargan kompaniyaga qarshi ish ochdi |url=https://uzreport.news/world/hind-hukumati-dok-1-maks-dorisini-ishlab-chiqargan-kompaniyaga-qarshi-ish-ochdi |website=uzreport.news |accessdate=December 29, 2022}}</ref><ref name="kun.uz1">{{cite web |title=Hindiston hukumati "Dok-1 Maks" dori vositasini ishlab chiqaruvchi kompaniyaga nisbatan surishtiruv ishlarini boshladi |url=https://kun.uz/uz/10310609 |website=kun.uz |accessdate=December 29, 2022}}</ref> The company, who manufactured the Dok-1 Max drug, was registered as a small producer in India in 2010 and as an international exporter in 2016.<ref>{{cite web |title=O'zbekistondagi sirop bilan bog'liq o'limlar |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/syrup-deaths-in-uzbekistan-pharmexcil-suspends-marion-biotech-s-membership-122123001058_1.html |accessdate=January 30, 2022 |website=business-standard.com}}</ref> Quramax Medical LLC, which imported the company's products to Uzbekistan, was registered in [[Uzbekistan]] in 2006,<ref>{{cite web |title="QURAMAX MEDIKAL" mas'uliyati cheklangan jamiyati |url=https://orginfo.uz/organization/e883f60942f4 |accessdate=January 13, 2023 |website=orginfo.uz/}}</ref> headed by Singh Ragvendra Pratar.<ref name="kunuz1" /> The Narcotics Licensing and Control Authority of [[Uttar Pradesh]] has been entrusted with the investigation.<ref name="reuters.com1" /><ref name="kun.uz1" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Ҳиндистон ҳукумати "Док-1 МАКС" дорисини ишлаб чиқарган компанияга қарши иш очди |url=https://t.me/uzauz/3295 |website=uza.uz |accessdate=December 29, 2022}}</ref> On December 29, 2022, Marion Biotech officially stopped the production of its Dok-1 Max cough syrup, which had caused the death of more than 20 children in Uzbekistan.<ref name="uzreport.news5" /><ref name="qalampir.uz1">{{cite web |title=Hindistonda "Dok-1 Maks" dorisini ishlab chiqarish to'xtatildi |url=https://qalampir.uz/uz/news/%D2%B3indistonda-dok-1-maks-dorisini-ishlab-chik-arish-tukhtatildi-74790 |website=qalampir.uz}}</ref><ref name="reuters.com1">{{cite news |title=Indian maker of syrup linked to Uzbekistan deaths halts production; facility inspected |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/indias-marion-biotech-halts-production-syrup-linked-uzbekistan-deaths-ani-citing-2022-12-29/ |website=reuters.com |date=29 December 2022 |accessdate=December 29, 2022 |last1=Dayal |first1=Sakshi }}</ref><ref name="oyina.uz1">{{cite web |title=Bugundan O'zbekistonda "Dok-1 MAKS" tabletka va sirop dori vositalarining savdosi to'xtatildi |url=https://oyina.uz/uz/posts/12961 |website=oyina.uz |accessdate=December 29, 2022}}</ref><ref name="kun.uz1" /> According to [[the Economic Times]], the investigative commission asked the [[government of Uzbekistan]] for a report on children who died as a result of drug.<ref name="economictimes.com1">{{cite news |title=Uzbekistan cough syrup deaths: India's Marion Biotech halts manufacturing, CDSCO initiates probe |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/pharmaceuticals/regret-deaths-manufacturing-of-product-halted-says-up-based-company-on-uzbekistans-cough-syrup-deaths-claim/articleshow/96588331.cms |newspaper=The Economic Times |date=29 December 2022 |accessdate=December 29, 2022}}</ref>

In connection with this incident, the Investigation Department of the [[State Security Service (Uzbekistan)|State Security Service of Uzbekistan]] initiated a criminal case against the officials of Quramax Medical and [["Scientific Center for Standardization of Medicines"|Scientific Center for Standardization of Medicines]] under Article 186–3, Part 4, Clause "a" of the [[Criminal Code]].<ref name="xavfsizlik-uz1">{{cite web |title=ДХХ томонидан "Док-1 Макс" дори воситаси билан боғлиқ ҳолат юзасидан жиноят иши қўзғатилди |url=https://t.me/xavfsizlik_uz/770 |website=xavfsizlik.uz |accessdate=December 29, 2022}}</ref><ref name="uzreport.news5">{{cite web |title="Dok-1 Maks" dorisini ishlab chiqaruvchi Marion Biotech kompaniyasi O'zbekistonda bolalar o'limiga izoh berdi |url=https://uzreport.news/society/dok-1-maks-dorisini-ishlab-chiqaruvchi-marion-biotech-kompaniyasi-o-zbekistonda-bolalar-o- |website=uzreport.news |accessdate=December 29, 2022}}</ref> Suspects were arrested.<ref name="uzreport.uz2">{{cite web |title=DXX tomonidan "Dok-1 Maks" dori vositasi bilan bog'liq holat yuzasidan jinoyat ishi qo'zg'atildi |url=https://uzreport.news/society/dxx-tomonidan-dok-1-maks-dori-vositasi-bilan-bog-liq-holat-yuzasidan-jinoyat-ishi-qo-zg-at |website=uzreport.news |accessdate=December 29, 2022}}</ref> Among the 7 officials released from their positions is Mamatqul Azizov, who discovered that the syrup was dangerous and that it was this drug that caused the death of children.<ref>{{cite web |title="Док-1 Макс" сиропини қабул қилиб вафот этган болалар ҳақида хабар берган Самарқанд вилояти болалар кўп тармоқли тиббиёт маркази... |url=https://t.me/pressuzb/1645 |website=pressuzb |accessdate=December 29, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mamatqul Azizov — qahramon! |url=https://t.me/masofatalim/5103 |website=masofatalim |accessdate=December 29, 2022}}</ref> News began to spread that these officials may be reinstated.<ref>{{cite web |title="Dok-1 Maks" zararini fosh etgan shifokorlar ishga tiklanishi mumkin |url=https://oyina.uz/uz/posts/13313 |website=oyina.uz |accessdate=January 5, 2023}}</ref> Kun.uz website reports that the newly appointed Minister of Health [[Amrillo Inoyatov]] held a meeting with 7 dismissed officials.<ref>{{cite web |title=Манба: "Док-1 Макс"ни фош қилган шифокорлар ишга тикланиши мумкин |url=https://kun.uz/82017762 |website=kun.uz |accessdate=January 5, 2023}}</ref>

The Dok-1 Max drug exported from [[India]] to [[Uzbekistan]] was subjected to laboratory tests by [["Scientific Center for Standardization of Medicines"|Scientific Center for Standardization of Medicines]] LLC.<ref>{{cite web |title="Dok-1 MAKS" va "Ambronol" dori vositalari belgilangan tartibda laboratoriya sinovlaridan oʻtkazilmagan – DXX |url=https://oyina.uz/uz/posts/13338 |website=oyina.uz |accessdate=January 6, 2023}}</ref> However, the review was not systematic, meaning that the drugs were not thoroughly tested.<ref>{{cite web |title="Док-1 Макс" ва "Амбронол" лаборатор синовлардан нотўғри ўтказилгани аниқланди |url=https://qalampir.uz/news/dok-1-maks-va-ambronol-laborator-sinovlardan-notugri-utkazilgani-anik-landi-75084 |website=qalampir.uz |accessdate=January 6, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title="Док-1 МАКС" ва "Амбронол" дори воситалари белгиланган тартибда лаборатория синовларидан ўтказилмаган – ДХХ |url=https://kun.uz/99124241 |website=kun.uz |accessdate=January 6, 2023}}</ref> [[State security authorities]] arrested two heads of Quramax Medical LLC and Scientific Center for Standardization of Medicines as suspects in connection with this case.<ref>{{cite web |title="Dok-1 Maks" va "Ambronol" dori vositalari belgilangan tartibda laboratoriya sinovlaridan o'tkazilmagan — DXX |url=https://daryo.uz/2023/01/06/dok-1-maks-va-ambronol-dori-vositalari-belgilangan-tartibda-laboratoriya-sinovlaridan-otkazilmagan-dxx |website=daryo.uz |accessdate=January 6, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ДХХ: "Док-1 МАКС" ва "Амбронол" дори воситалари белгиланган тартибда лаборатория синовларидан ўтказилмаган |url=https://t.me/xavfsizlik_uz/772 |website=xavfsizlik.uz |accessdate=January 6, 2023}}</ref>

On December 30, 2022, the Indian government's Drug Standards Control Center and Uttar Pradesh state government's Drug Control Department inspected Marion Biotech's manufacturing plant in [[Noida]], Uttar Pradesh.<ref name="qalampir.uz4" /><ref name="ndtv.com1">{{cite web |title=Noida Firm Behind Syrup Linked To 18 Uzbekistan Deaths To Halt All Production |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/production-of-india-made-syrup-linked-to-18-deaths-in-uzbekistan-halted-3649841 |website=ndtv.com |accessdate=December 30, 2022}}</ref> Their findings led to the immediate suspension of all pharmaceutical production at the factory, affecting Marion products beyond the cough syrups attributed to the deaths.<ref name="qalampir.uz4">{{cite web |title=Hindistonda "Dok-1 Maks" ishlab chiqaruvchisining barcha zavodlari yopildi |url=https://qalampir.uz/uz/news/%D2%B3indistonda-marion-biotech-kompaniyasining-barcha-zavodi-tukhtatildi-74848 |website=qalampir.uz |accessdate=December 31, 2022}}</ref><ref name="daryo.uz4">{{cite web |title=O'zbekistonda "Dok-1 Maks"ni ishlab chiqargan kompaniyaga tegishli barcha dorilar savdosi vaqtincha to'xtatildi |url=https://daryo.uz/2022/12/30/ozbekistonda-dok-1-maksni-ishlab-chiqargan-kompaniyaga-tegishli-barcha-dorilar-savdosi-vaqtincha-toxtatildi/ |website=daryo.uz |date=30 December 2022 |accessdate=December 30, 2022}}</ref><ref name="daryo.uz5">{{cite web |title=Hindistonda "Dok-1 Maks" dorisini ishlab chiqargan zavod ustidan tekshiruvning dastlabki natijalari e'lon qilindi |url=https://daryo.uz/2022/12/30/hindistonda-dok-1-maks-dorisini-ishlab-chiqargan-zavod-ustidan-tekshiruvning-dastlabki-natijalari-elon-qilindi/ |website=daryo.uz |date=30 December 2022 |accessdate=December 30, 2022}}</ref>

On January 2, 2023, the sale of all drugs imported by Quramax Medical that were found to contain ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol was stopped.<ref>{{cite web |title=Соғлиқни сақлаш вазири "QURAMAX" компаниясининг барча дориларини сотишни тўхтатишга кўрсатма берди |url=https://kun.uz/news/2023/01/04/sogliqni-salqash-vaziri-quramax-kompaniyasining-barcha-dorilarini-sotishni-toxtatishga-korsatma-berdi |website=kun.uz |accessdate=January 13, 2023}}</ref> On January 10, the Indian government suspended the license of Marion Biotech, the manufacturer of Dok-1 Max. On January 13, the license of Quramax Medical LLC was revoked by a decision of the Tashkent Interdistrict Economic Court.<ref>{{cite web |title="QURAMAX"нинг лицензияси бекор қилинди |url=https://xabar.uz/9nql |website=xabar.uz |accessdate=January 13, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=РАСМИЙ АХБОРОТ |url=https://t.me/oliysuduz/29301 |website=oliysud.uz |accessdate=January 13, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sud "Quramax"ning litsenziyasini bekor qildi |url=https://kun.uz/uz/15540950 |website=kun.uz |accessdate=January 13, 2023}}</ref>

According to an article from June 2023, sources at Maya Chemtech India told [[Reuters]] that Marion purchased industrial-grade propylene glycol as an ingredient from them. Maya is not licensed to sell pharmaceutical-grade materials. It is not facing charges but the investigation is ongoing. Marion did not test the ingredient it purchased.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Saurabh |last2=Das |first2=Krishna N. |title=Exclusive: Indian firm used toxic industrial-grade ingredient in syrup |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/indian-firm-used-toxic-industrial-grade-ingredient-syrup-sources-2023-06-28/ |date=2023-06-28 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref>

In October 2023, the Uttar Pradesh state government accepted Marion Biotech's appeal to resume production of medicines that do not contain propylene glycol, as such products would be unlikely to contain the toxic impurities of diethylene glycol and ethylene glycol.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Das |first=Krishna N. |date=11 October 2023 |title=Exclusive: India Allows Cough Syrup Firm Linked to Uzbek Deaths to Re-Open Factory |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/india-allows-cough-syrup-firm-linked-uzbek-deaths-re-open-factory-document-2023-10-11 |access-date=17 October 2023}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Toxic cough syrup]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://thediplomat.com/2022/12/central-asias-dangerous-pharmaceutical-industry/ Central Asia's Dangerous Pharmaceutical Industry]

[[Category:Health disasters in Uzbekistan]]
[[Category:2022 health disasters]]
[[Category:2022 in Uzbekistan]]
[[Category:Adulteration]]
[[Category:Mass poisonings]]
[[Category:Medical scandals]]

Nedungadu Assembly constituency

2026-05-05T07:44:40Z

Sovrenn: Stub

{{Short description|Constituency of the Puducherry legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Nedungadu
| type= SLA
| union_territory = [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
| constituency_no =24
| map_image = Nedungadu-assembly-constituency-24.png
| district = [[Karaikal district|Karaikal]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Puducherry (Lok Sabha constituency)|Puducherry]]
| established = 1964
| reservation = SC
| mla = [[Chandira Priyanga]]
| party = {{Party index link|All India N.R. Congress}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2021 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| electors ={{formatnum:31494}}
}}
'''Nedungadu''' is a [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly|legislative assembly]] constituency in the Union territory of [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] in [[India]].<ref name=delimit>{{cite web|format=PDF|title=Schedule XXII Puducherry Table A - Assembly Constituencies|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/nri/puducherry_Delimitation.pdf|accessdate=2011-05-13}}</ref> Nedungadu assembly constituency was part of [[Puducherry Lok Sabha constituency]]. This assembly constituency has been reserved for [[Scheduled Caste|SC]] candidates from 1974.<ref name=delimit/>

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
Sitting and previous MLAs from Nedungadu Assembly Constituency are:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sitting and previous MLAs from Nedungadu Assembly Constituency|url=https://www.elections.in/pondicherry/assembly-constituencies/nedungadu.html|access-date=2021-06-27|website=www.elections.in}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Election!!Member!! colspan="2" | Party
|-
| 1974
| R. Coupousamy
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| 1977
| P. Selvaraj
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| 1980
| M. Chandirakasu
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| 1985
| M. Chandirakasu
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| 1990
| M. Chandirakasu
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| 1991
| M. Chandirakasu
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| 1996
| A. Marimuthu
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| 2001
| M. Chandirakasu
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| 2006
| A. Marimuthu
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| [[2011 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| M. Chandirakasu
| {{Full party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}
|-
| [[2016 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| [[Chandira Priyanga|S. Chandra Priyanga]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}
|-
| [[2021 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| S. Chandra Priyanga
| {{Full party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}
|-
| [[2026 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| Dr. V. Vigneswaran
| {{Full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
|}

== Election results ==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2026|2026]]|{{party color|Independent}}|50.54}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2021|2021]]|{{party color|All India N.R. Congress}}|40.20}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2016|2016]]|{{party color|All India N.R. Congress}}|34.47}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2011|2011]]|{{party color|All India N.R. Congress}}|55.05}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2006|2006]]|{{party color|Independent politician}}|43.47}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2001|2001]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|45.35}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1996|1996]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|54.93}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1991|1991]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|55.25}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1990|1990]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|55.68}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1985|1985]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|67.60}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1980|1980]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}|65.23}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1977|1977]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|39.15}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1974|1974]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|41.18}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1969|1969]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|50.16}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1964|1964]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|65.60}}
}}

=== Assembly Election 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Nedungadu}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Dr. V. Vigneswaran]] |party=Independent|votes=14368|percentage=50.54|change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Chandira Priyanga]] |party=All India N.R. Congress|votes=9869|percentage=34.70|change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=U. Kamaraj|party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam |votes=1865|percentage=6.56|change=''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Dhinesh Kumar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1354|percentage=4.76|change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A.Vignesh |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=510|percentage=1.79|change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Arul Prakash]] |party=Independent|votes=130|percentage=0.46|change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=335|percentage=1.18|change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4499 |percentage=15.84 |change=}}
{{Election box turnout |votes=28431 |percentage=90.25 |change=}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors =31506 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent|loser=All India N.R. Congress |swing= 10.34}}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2021 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Nedungadu<ref name=election2021>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13417-puducherry-general-legislative-election-2021/ |title=Puducherry General Legislative Election 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=9 November 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Chandira Priyanga]] |party=All India N.R. Congress |votes=10,774 |percentage=40.20 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Marimuthu |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,560 |percentage=31.94 |change=1.76 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. V. Vigneswaran |party=Independent politician |votes=5,606 |percentage=20.92 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=V. Geetha |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=788 |percentage=2.94 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=254 |percentage=0.95 |change=-0.79 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Andoor Mathi |party=Independent politician |votes=252 |percentage=0.94 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Gnanasegaran |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=246 |percentage=0.92 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=T. Rajendiran |party=Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam |votes=153 |percentage=0.57 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,214 |percentage=8.26 |change=3.97 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=26,798 |percentage=84.92 |change= 1.74 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 31,557 |change =2.95 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India N.R. Congress |loser=All India N.R. Congress |swing= 5.73 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2016 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Nedungadu}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Chandira Priyanga]] |party=All India N.R. Congress |votes=8,789 |percentage=34.47 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Marimottou |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,695 |percentage=30.18 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=G. Panneer Selvam |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=2,957 |percentage=11.60 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jayaseelan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,806 |percentage=7.08 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anandhan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,594 |percentage=6.25 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Mahendiran |party=Independent politician |votes=828 |percentage=3.25 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=U. Kamaraj |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=711 |percentage=2.79 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=444 |percentage=1.74 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Mathiazhagan |party=Communist Party of India |votes=277 |percentage=1.09 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Munisamy |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=223 |percentage=0.87 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhanabal |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=167 |percentage=0.66 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,094 |percentage=4.29 |change=-28.77 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=25,496 |percentage=83.18 |change= -1.09 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 30,653 |change =14.00 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India N.R. Congress |loser=All India N.R. Congress |swing= -20.58 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2011 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Nedungadu}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Chandirakasu |party=All India N.R. Congress |votes=12,474 |percentage=55.05 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Marimuthu |party=Independent politician |votes=4,984 |percentage=22.00 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Vadivelu |party=Independent politician |votes=4,340 |percentage=19.15 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Ramesh Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=330 |percentage=1.46 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sankar |party=Independent politician |votes=311 |percentage=1.37 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Ravichandiran |party=Independent politician |votes=219 |percentage=0.97 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,490 |percentage=33.06 |change=27.13 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=22,658 |percentage=84.27 |change= -4.14 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 26,888 |change =68.19 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India N.R. Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= 11.59 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2006 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2006 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Nedungadu<ref>{{cite web |title=Puducherry 2006 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3437-puducherry-2006/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925222225/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3437-puducherry-2006/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=25 September 2021 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Marimuthu |party=Independent politician |votes=6,143 |percentage=43.47 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Chandirakasu |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,306 |percentage=37.54 |change=-7.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Vaithinathan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=2,106 |percentage=14.90 |change=-0.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. M. Kaliyaperumal |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=362 |percentage=2.56 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suba Sureshrajan |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=127 |percentage=0.90 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Ganesan |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation |votes=89 |percentage=0.63 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=837 |percentage=5.92 |change=-2.48 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=14,133 |percentage=88.40 |change= 12.23 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 15,987 |change =-3.49 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -1.89 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2001 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Nedungadu<ref>{{cite web |title=Puducherry 2001 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3436-puducherry-2001/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927050359/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3436-puducherry-2001/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=27 September 2021 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Chandirakasu |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,720 |percentage=45.35 |change=4.62 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Marimuthu |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=4,660 |percentage=36.95 |change=-17.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Packirisamy |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=2,002 |percentage=15.87 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajeswari |party=Independent politician |votes=230 |percentage=1.82 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,060 |percentage=8.40 |change=-5.79 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=12,612 |percentage=76.17 |change= 0.43 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 16,565 |change =7.17 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -9.89 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1996 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Nedungadu<ref>{{cite web |title=Puducherry 1996 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3434-puducherry-1996/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917135105/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3434-puducherry-1996/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=17 September 2021 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Marimuthu |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=6,899 |percentage=54.93 |change=10.18 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Chandirakasu |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,116 |percentage=40.74 |change=-14.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Kaliaperumal |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=479 |percentage=3.81 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Rajendiran |party=Independent politician |votes=65 |percentage=0.52 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,783 |percentage=14.20 |change=3.70 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=12,559 |percentage=83.17 |change= 7.43 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 15,457 |change =5.72 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -0.31 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1991 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Nedungadu<ref>{{cite web |title=Puducherry 1991 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3433-puducherry-1991/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917135604/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3433-puducherry-1991/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=17 September 2021 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Chandirakasu |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,955 |percentage=55.25 |change=-0.43 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. A. Marimuthu |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=4,824 |percentage=44.75 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,131 |percentage=10.49 |change=-21.82 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,779 |percentage=75.75 |change= -1.37 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 14,621 |change =0.77 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -0.43 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1990 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1990 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Nedungadu<ref>{{cite web |title=Puducherry 1990 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3431-puducherry-1990/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917130547/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3431-puducherry-1990/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=17 September 2021 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Chandirakasu |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,174 |percentage=55.68 |change=-11.93 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Kuppusamy |party=Independent politician |votes=2,591 |percentage=23.37 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Thangarasu |party=Communist Party of India |votes=1,265 |percentage=11.41 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=G. Raja |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=590 |percentage=5.32 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Gurusamy |party=Independent politician |votes=424 |percentage=3.82 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,583 |percentage=32.31 |change=-4.50 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=11,089 |percentage=77.12 |change= -2.28 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 14,509 |change =31.64 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -11.93 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1985 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Nedungadu<ref>{{cite web |title=Puducherry 1985 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3430-puducherry-1985/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917140417/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3430-puducherry-1985/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=17 September 2021 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Chandirakasu |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,870 |percentage=67.60 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Kaliaperumal |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=2,674 |percentage=30.80 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=V. K. Thangavelu |party=Independent politician |votes=139 |percentage=1.60 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,196 |percentage=36.81 |change=-5.49 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=8,683 |percentage=79.40 |change= -4.05 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 11,022 |change =14.47 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress (I) |swing= 2.37 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1980 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Nedungadu<ref>{{cite web |title=Puducherry 1980 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3428-puducherry-1980/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927041541/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3428-puducherry-1980/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=27 September 2021 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Chandirakasu |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes=4,981 |percentage=65.23 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Natesan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=1,751 |percentage=22.93 |change=-16.22 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Gurusamy |party=Communist Party of India |votes=904 |percentage=11.84 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,230 |percentage=42.30 |change=40.88 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,636 |percentage=83.45 |change= 6.44 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,629 |change =2.95 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress (I) |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 26.08 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Nedungadu<ref>{{cite web |title=Puducherry 1977 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3426-puducherry-1977/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927043330/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3426-puducherry-1977/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=27 September 2021 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Selvaraj |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=2,789 |percentage=39.15 |change=7.92 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Kuppusamy |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,688 |percentage=37.73 |change=-3.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Packirisamy |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=995 |percentage=13.97 |change=-12.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Munisamy |party=Janata Party |votes=652 |percentage=9.15 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=101 |percentage=1.42 |change=-8.53 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,124 |percentage=77.00 |change= -10.59 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,353 |change =13.15 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -2.03 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1974 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1974 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Nedungadu<ref>{{cite web |title=Puducherry 1974 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3425-puducherry-1974/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917133352/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3425-puducherry-1974/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=17 September 2021 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Coupousamy |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,934 |percentage=41.18 |change=-8.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Selvaraj |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=2,225 |percentage=31.23 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Rasangam |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=1,891 |percentage=26.54 |change=-23.30 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Kaliaperumal |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=75 |percentage=1.05 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=709 |percentage=9.95 |change=9.63 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,125 |percentage=87.59 |change= -2.28 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 8,266 |change =18.12 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -8.98 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1969 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1969 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Nedungadu<ref>{{cite web |title=Puducherry 1969 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3423-puducherry-1969/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917140530/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3423-puducherry-1969/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=17 September 2021 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Shanmugam |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,103 |percentage=50.16 |change=-15.43 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Savundararangan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=3,083 |percentage=49.84 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=20 |percentage=0.32 |change=-30.87 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,186 |percentage=89.87 |change= 3.72 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 6,998 |change =5.26 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -15.43 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1964 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1964 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election]]: Nedungadu<ref>{{cite web |title=Puducherry 1964 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3421-puducherry-1964/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515062755/https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/3421-puducherry-1964/ |website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=15 May 2019 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[P. Shanmugam]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,697 |percentage=65.60 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Maric Paul Andre Alias Paul |party=Independent politician |votes=1,939 |percentage=34.40 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,758 |percentage=31.19 |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=5,636 |percentage=86.15 |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 6,648 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Karaikal district]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Puducherry}}
{{coord|10.968|79.773|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Puducherry]]
[[Category:Politics of Puducherry]]
[[Category:Karaikal district]]
[[Category:1964 establishments in Pondicherry]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1964]]

Uralungal Labour Contract Co-operative Society

2026-05-05T07:15:26Z

Sovrenn: creating

{{Short description|Indian worker co-operative}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Context|date=July 2019}}
{{Advert|date=April 2020}}
{{Tone|date=April 2020}}
{{Rough translation|1=Malayalam|listed=yes|date=August 2019}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
[[File:Ulccs.jpg|thumb|ULCCS logo]]
The '''Uralungal Labour Contract Co-operative Society''' (ULCCS) is recognized as the oldest [[worker cooperative]] in India.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thewire.in/labour/uralungal-indias-oldest-worker-cooperative |title=Uralungal: India's Oldest Worker Cooperative |date=3 July 2016|website=The Wire |access-date=2019-08-01}}</ref> It was founded in 1925 under the guidance of [[Vagbhatananda|Vagbhadananda]] in [[Calicut]] [[Kerala]]. With a membership of around 1415 individuals, ULCCS has successfully completed over four thousand projects. It specializes in construction work for various government departments, including the Public Works Department, National Highway, Irrigation, and Tourism. The ULCCS Charitable Foundation operates a training institute in Kozhikode that caters to the needs of the neurodivergent community.

The Uralungal Cooperative has successfully undertaken significant projects, amounting to over 1000 cores. These include notable initiatives like the [[Kozhikode]] [[Sarovaram Bio Park|Sarovaram]] Project, city road improvements, the renovation of [[Kappad|Kappad Beach]], the Kozhikode Arayidathupalam Bridge, the Iringal
Craft Village, the Edasseri Kadavu Bridge, and the Government Engineering College in [[Alappuzha]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ulccsltd.com/ul_legacy/|title=THE UL LEGACY}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/upgraded-roads-to-ease-traffic-congestion-in-kozhikode/article28702750.ece|title=Upgraded roads to ease traffic congestion in Kozhikode|date=25 July 2019|work=thehindu.com}}</ref> Additionally, ULCCS has also played a vital role in the six-laning project of [[National Highway 66 (India)|NH66]], covering the stretch from Talapady to Chengala in Kasaragod District.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/58553-cr-from-kiifb-to-nhai/article34266464.ece | title=₹585.53 cr. From KIIFB to NHAI | newspaper=The Hindu | date=7 April 2021 | last1=Radhakrishnan | first1=S. Anil }}</ref>

== History ==
The origin dates back to the times when barbarism and superstition reigned. In Uralungal, Kozhikode district, where people used to live without jobs and wages, few villagers reached the temple complex at Puthalath in Mahe to hear the discourse of Vagbhatananda Guru. Impressed by the Guru's talk, who shared the Renaissance ideas, they invited Vagbhadananda to their homeland.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last1=Thomas Isaac |first1=T. M. |first2=Michelle |last2=Williams |url= |title=Building Alternatives: The Story of India's Oldest Construction Workers' Cooperative|year=2017 |location=New Delhi |publisher=LeftWord |isbn=978-93-80118-46-8|oclc=1018245138}}</ref> In 1917, Palery formed a spiritual school under the leadership of a guru who arrived in the Karakkad region of Uralungal. No one in the country was given a job. The young men approached the Guru with sarcasm.<ref name=":0" /> The Guru said that this should not hinder the progress of the proceedings and suggested a simple solution: to start a cooperative group by organizing young people who are willing to work. Thus, on 13 February 1925, the Unemployed Mutual Assistance Group of Mercantile Workers registered a co-operative group . This is the story behind the birth of the Uralungal Labour Contract Co-operative Society (ULCCS Ltd), which has transformed the face of Kerala by building major over-bridges, highways, and fly-overs.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}

The name of the village of Uralungal, a village in North Malabar, that no one knows about, was signed by Vagbhatanandan, one of the lamps of the Kerala Renaissance. The work undertaken by the Uralungal Society, in the beginning, was the construction of a fence, a small wall, and a well. The Guru had already strictly stated that the aim was not to make a profit.<ref name=":0" /> The ULCCS says that these workers are the beneficiaries of today's upliftment, ensuring quality, free of corruption and discipline. Says '''Chairman''' '''Paleri Remeshan'''. It was a time when the railway's Overbridge at Chorodu along the national highway, until then the ULCCS had been confined to the Vadakara taluk and adjoining areas, taking only minor road contracts. The contract for the road to the Chorodu overbridge on the Vadakara-Thalassery highway was taken. At the time, the firm did not have the necessary equipment and equipment to perform the big contract work. The undertaking of a six-crore construction project in 1999 was a turning point in the growth of the worker cooperative. ULCCS did not even have its engineer but completed the work in due time and in good standing. All began to know the name of Uralungal. The movement did not have to seek contract work again. A large number of government and private sector construction workers came to Uralungal. To ensure quality and punctuality, the job has become a hiring process. Uralungal was also responsible for acquiring some private companies and completing fifteen years' worth of work that was halfway completed.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}
==See Also==
ULCCS One Anthem
==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Worker cooperatives of India]]
[[Category:1925 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Companies based in Kozhikode]]

Valigonda rail accident

2026-05-03T05:45:18Z

Sovrenn:

{{Short description|2005 train derailment near Valigonda, Hyderabad}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox public transit accident
| name = Valigonda train accident

| image =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption = Rescuers at the accident location

| image_map = [[File:India_Andhra_Pradesh_locator_map_(1956-2014).svg|250px]]
| image_map_alt =
| image_map_caption = Location of Andhra Pradesh (pre-bifurcation) in India
| pushpin_map = India Telangana#India
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Vaaligonda, Telangana
| coordinates = {{coord|17.37390837510669|78.99938904756124|type:event|display=inline,title}}

| date = {{Start date|2005|10|29|df=y}}
| time = 04:15 AM
| location = Valigonda, [[Nalgonda district]]
| location_dir = east
| location_city = [[Hyderabad]]
| location_dist_km =80
| location_dist_mi =
| country = {{flag|India}}
| line = [[Pagidipalli–Nallapadu section|Pagidipalli–Nallapadu line]]
| operator = [[South Central Railway]]
| owner = [[Indian Railways]]
| service = [[Delta Fast Passenger]]
| type = [[Derailment]]
| cause = [[Flash flood]]
| bus =
| trains = 1 [[Delta Fast Passenger]]
| vehicles = diesel locomotive [[WDM-3]]
| passengers =
| crew =
| pedestrians =
| deaths = 116 <ref name="Times1">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/one-held-for-valigonda-tragedy/articleshow/1354151.cms|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|title=One held for Valigonda tragedy|first=|last=|date=2006-01-01|access-date=2025-03-19}}</ref>
| injuries = 200
| missing =
| damage =
| property =

| route_map = Delta Passenger (Kacheguda - Repalle) route map.png
| route_map_state =
| route_map_name =

| footnotes =
}}
[[File:Valigonda railway station name board.jpg|thumb|165px|left|Valigonda railway station name board]]
The '''Valigonda rail crash''' occurred on 29 October 2005 between the [[Valigonda]] and Ramannapet stations, about {{convert|80|km|mi}} from [[Hyderabad]] in the Indian state of [[Andhra Pradesh (1956–2014)|Andhra Pradesh]] (now located in [[Telangana]]).<ref name="Rediff">{{cite web|url=https://m.rediff.com/news/2005/oct/29train.htm|title=150 dead in Andhra train mishap|publisher=Rediff|first=|last=|date=2025-10-29|access-date=2025-03-19}}</ref> A [[flash flood]] swept away a small [[Railway bridge|rail bridge]], and a train travelling on it [[derailment|derailed]] at the broken section of the line, killing at least 116 people and injuring many others. Many people were suspected of being washed away in flooded waters.<ref name="Times1"/> Initially sources had reported that about 150 persons could have been killed during the incident.<ref name="Rediff"/>

==Accident details==
Seven bogies along with the engine of [[Secunderabad]] bound [[Delta Fast Passenger]] derailed due to flash floods washing away a portion of the tracks. The accident occurred early in the morning of 29 October 2005. It was suspected that a huge [[irrigation tank]] situated upstream from the rail lines ruptured, sending thousands of gallons of water down the channel, destroying the railway bridge.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4387474.stm|publisher=BBC|title=India train derails, killing 100|date=2005-10-29|access-date=2025-03-19}}</ref>

Personnel from Indian Army and [[Indian Navy]] [[Underwater diving|divers]] were deployed for rescue services.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/toll-rises-to-111-in-delta-fast-tragedy/articleshow/1280359.cms|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|title=Toll rises to 111 in Delta Fast tragedy|date=2005-10-31|access-date=2025-03-19}}</ref>

The area had been lashed by [[monsoon]] rains for several weeks before the accident, which had waterlogged fields and over-filled the irrigation tank, which had ruptured due to unknown factors exacerbated by the heavy rainfall. The flooding had also destroyed several roads, hampering efforts to get [[emergency medical services|emergency personnel]] to the scene quickly. [[India]]'s Junior Transport Minister commented that "little could have been done to avoid the accident".

== Similar accidents ==
* {{flagicon|New Zealand}} 24 December 1953 – [[Tangiwai disaster]] – [[Tangiwai]], [[North Island of New Zealand|North Island]], [[New Zealand]]: the Tangiwai railway bridge over the [[Whangaehu River]] collapsed as the overnight [[express train]] between [[Wellington]] and [[Auckland]] passed over it; the bridge supports had been weakened by a [[lahar]] a few minutes before the train passed. 151 people were killed. A passerby was not able to warn the train in time. The rebuilt bridge is equipped with high water warning devices.
* {{flagicon|Australia}} 1880 – [[Murrurundi]] – night mail train derailed at a [[washaway]] – 10 killed.
* {{flagicon|Australia}} 25 January 1885 – Salt Creek near [[Cootamundra]] – night [[mail train (disambiguation)|mail train]] derailed at a [[washaway]] – 7 killed.<ref>[[Australian Railway History|Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin]] November 1952</ref>
* {{flagicon|United States}} 7 August 1904 – Eden, [[Colorado]], [[United States]]: Train caught in bridge washout; 97 known dead; 14 missing.
* {{flagicon|United States}} 27 September 1923 – near [[Glenrock, Wyoming]] – a bridge over Coal Creek was washed away and a passenger train derailed, killing 30 of the train's 66 passengers.
* {{flagicon|Wales}} 8 September 1945 – [[Llangollen]], [[Denbighshire]], [[Wales]]: An early morning mail train crashes after the adjacent canal flooded and washed away the track at Sun Bank, killing the driver and causing a fire.
* {{flagicon|Kenya}} 1993 – 114 perished in a passenger train which plunged into a river after floods washed away a bridge at Ngai Ndethya.

== See also ==
* [[List of rail accidents (2000–present)]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikinews|Major train wreck in Southern India}}
*[https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4387474.stm BBC News Report]
*[http://old.heraldextra.com/gallery/main.php?g2_view=core.ShowItem&g2_itemId=34485 Photograph of the wreckage]
*[https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2005-10-30-india-train_x.htm USA Today News Report]
*[http://newsfromrussia.com/world/2005/10/31/66617.html Russian News Report]
*[https://www.theguardian.com/india/story/0,,1605148,00.html Guardian News Report]

{{2005 railway accidents}}

[[Category:2005 disasters in India]]
[[Category:Railway accidents in 2005]]
[[Category:October 2005 in India]]
[[Category:Railway accidents and incidents in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Derailments in India]]
[[Category:Bridge disasters in India]]
[[Category:Bridge disasters caused by scour damage]]

Utmamdesar

2026-05-02T00:45:51Z

Sovrenn: new

{{Short description|Village in Rajasthan, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Utmamdesar
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Rajasthan, India
| pushpin_label_position = Right
| coordinates = {{coord|27.8225|N|73.7511|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bikaner District|Bikaner]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil|Sub-District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Jasrasar]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Assembly Constituency]]
| subdivision_name4 = [[Dungargarh Assembly constituency|Dungargarh]]
| government_type = [[Panchayati Raj]]
| governing_body = [[Gram Panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 23.85
| population_total = 2031
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products__rajasthan.html|title=Census of India : Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011 : Rajasthan|last=ORGI}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official Language
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 334802
| registration_plate = RJ-50, RJ-07
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=12 January 2021|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
}}

'''Utmamdesar''' is a village located in [[Bikaner District]], [[Rajasthan]], India.

The primary source of income for the residents of this village is agriculture, both irrigated and non-irrigated. A few of them also run their own companies.

==Demographics==

According to 2011 - Census, conducted by Government of India; total population of this village is 2031, out of which male population is 1053 and female population is 978.
Literacy rate of this village is 54.20%.<ref>{{cite web |title=Population and literacy rate of Utmamdesar : Census-2011 |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/69595-utmamdesar-rajasthan.html |access-date=20 October 2024}}</ref>

Population of this village follows [[Hinduism]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population by religious community - Bikaner District |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11390/download/14503/DDW08C-01%20MDDS.XLS}}</ref>

{{Bar box|float=right|title=Religion in Utmamdesar Village (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population By Religion - Rajasthan|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11390/download/14503/DDW08C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=census.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>|titlebar=#Fcd117|left1=Religion|right1=Percent|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|100}}
|caption=Distribution of religions in Utmamdesar Village}}

[[Bagri language|Bagri]], a dialect of [[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]] is the most spoken language in this village. [[Hindi Language|Hindi]] is the official language.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Languages in Utmamdesar village|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10234/download/13346/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-0800.XLSX}}</ref>

{{Pie chart|thumb=left|value1=98|value2=1.90|value3=0.10|color1=yellow|color2=red|color3=Grey|caption=Languages of Utmamdesar village(2011)|label1=[[Bagri language|Bagri]]|label2=[[Hindi]]|label3=[[English Language|English]]}}

==Transportation==
This village is located on the Bikaner-Napasar-Ladnun Highway also known as [[State Highway 20B (Rajasthan)|SH-20(B)]].<ref>{{cite web |title= SH-20(B) Project, Bikaner-Napasar-Ladnun Highway |url=https://www.pioneerinfraindia.com/52-dpr-package-5/ |date=20 October 2024}}</ref>
This village is well connected to Road Transportation, but as of now, there's no railway transportation facility available in this village. Inhabitants have to travel to either [[Nokha railway station|Nokha]] or [[Bikaner railway station|Bikaner]] for railway transportation.<ref>{{cite web |title=Overview Of Bikaner Division |url=https://nwr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1436959747628-An%20Overview%20of%20Bikaner%20Division%20update%20on%20June%202015.pdf |website=nwr.indianrailways.gov.in |access-date=20 October 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
Utmamdesar profile on [[The Weather Channel|weather.com]].[https://weather.com/en-IN/weather/today/l/029292fee6e6861636def903bcf13de339b68d67c5f995a2dfa31a87b6dfe319]

[[Category:Villages in Bikaner district]]

{{Bikanerdivision-geo-stub}}

Rajesh Joon

2026-04-28T16:36:49Z

Sovrenn:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Bahadurgarh Assembly constituency|Bahadurgarh]]
| term_start = 8 October 2024
| term_end =
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = [[Rajinder Singh Joon]]
| party = BJP
}}
'''Rajesh Joon''' is an Indian politician from Haryana. He is a [[Haryana Legislative Assembly|Member of the Haryana Legislative Assembly]] from [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]], representing [[Bahadurgarh Assembly constituency]] as an Independent candidate.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Bahadurgarh, Haryana Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: Independent candidate Rajesh Joon defeats BJP's Dinesh Kaushik with 41999 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/bahadurgarh-haryana-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-aelb-2612840-2024-10-08 |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Bahadurgarh Election Result 2024 LIVE Update: IND Rajesh Joon Pips BJP's Dinesh Kaushik By 41,999 Votes |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/bahadurgarh-election-result-2024-live-update-9077351.html |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="A look at Haryana’s 40 first-time MLAs">{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/haryana-first-time-mlas-9702131/|title=A look at Haryana’s 40 first-time MLAs|date=2 December 2024|accessdate=4 July 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250704171938/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/haryana-first-time-mlas-9702131/|archivedate=4 July 2025|publisher=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Joon, Rajesh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Haryana MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Independent politicians in India]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Haryana-politician-stub}}

Nuagada Block

2026-04-26T16:29:46Z

Sovrenn: Made new page

{{Short description|CD Block in the Gajapati district of Indian State of Odisha}}
{{More citations needed|date=July 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nuagada
| settlement_type = CD Block and Tehsil
| image_skyline = Nuagada Block Map.png
| image_alt =
| Image_caption =
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Odisha #India #Asia #Earth
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Odisha, India
| coordinates = {{coord|19.100015|N|84.048013|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Odisha|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Odisha]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Gajapati district|Gajapati]]
| established_title = 
| established_date = 1st April 1955
| founder = [[Government of Odisha]]
| named_for =
| government_type = Local Government (Tier 3)
| governing_body = Nuagada Panchayat Samiti
| leader_title = [[Member Of Legislative Assembly|MLA]]
| leader_name = Shri Dasarathi Gamango [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 587.86
| area_rank = 4th in [[Gajapati District|the District]]
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 57,027
| population_as_of = 2020
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = 97
| population_rank = 6th in [[Gajapati District|the District]]
| population_demonym = Nuagadia
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics_type2 = Languages
| demographics1_title2 = Local
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 761214
| area_code = 06817
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = 
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 
| website = {{URL|odisha.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Odia language|Odia]] [[English language|English]]
| demographics2_info2 = [[Sora language|Saura]]
| official_name =
}}

'''Nuagada''' is a village and [[Community Development Block]] in the [[Gajapati District]] of [[Odisha]] state in India. The Block comes under the administrative control of Serango and R.Udayagiri Police station.

[[Mohana (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)]] (Sl. No.: 136) is its [[Legislative Assembly of Odisha|Vidhan Sabha]] [[List of constituencies of Odisha Legislative Assembly|constituency]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=136|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408221008/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=136|url-status=usurped|archive-date=8 April 2014|title= Orissa Assembly Election 2009 |work=empoweringindia.org |quote= Constituency: Mohana (136) District: Gajapati|access-date= 5 April 2014}}</ref> This constituency includes [[Mohana|Mohana block]], [[R.Udayagiri|R.Udayagiri block]], Nuagada block and [[Rayagada, Gajapati|Rayagada block]].<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Orissa/orissa.pdf Assembly Constituencies and their Extent]</ref><ref name="nic">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/paper1to7/Orissa.xls|website=eci.nic.in|title=Seats of Odisha|access-date=6 January 2023}}</ref>

== Overview ==
Nuagada Tehsil commenced functioning on 1 April 2011, following its bifurcation from the erstwhile R. Udayagiri Tehsil. The headquarters of the Tehsil is located at Nuagada village.

The Tehsil comprises 7 Revenue Inspector (RI) circles, 19 Gram Panchayats, and 175 villages, covering a total geographical area of 463.89 square kilometers. It is bounded by R. Udayagiri, Rayagada, and Mohana Tehsils, as well as Rayagada district. Approximately 70% of the total land area consists of hilly and highland terrain.

As per the 2011 Census, the total population of Nuagada Tehsil was 54,696, of which 26,684 were males and 28,012 were females. The population included 228 Scheduled Caste (SC) members and 42,145 Scheduled Tribe (ST) members. The Tehsil comprises 174 revenue villages in total.

== Climate ==
{{Weather box
| width = auto
| collapsed = Yes
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| location = Nuagada, Odisha
| Jan high C = 32
| Feb high C = 33
| Mar high C = 34
| Apr high C = 36
| May high C = 39
| Jun high C = 35
| Jul high C = 32
| Aug high C = 32
| Sep high C = 32
| Oct high C = 32
| Nov high C = 31
| Dec high C = 30
| Jan low C = 14
| Feb low C = 16
| Mar low C = 19
| Apr low C = 24
| May low C = 29
| Jun low C = 28
| Jul low C = 27
| Aug low C = 27
| Sep low C = 26
| Oct low C = 23
| Nov low C = 20
| Dec low C = 16
| Jan rain mm = 12.40
| Feb rain mm = 17.40
| Mar rain mm = 18.60
| Apr rain mm = 15.00
| May rain mm = 40.30
| Jun rain mm = 150.00
| Jul rain mm = 282.10
| Aug rain mm = 272.80
| Sep rain mm = 180.00
| Oct rain mm = 93.00
| Nov rain mm = 33.00
| Dec rain mm = 18.60
| rain colour = green
|source= [https://www.msn.com/en-in/weather/today/nuagadaorissaindia/we-city?q=nuagada-orissa&form=PRWLAS&iso=IN&el=62%2bXpArd1UAjzOpVPmVdQg%3d%3d MSM Weather]
}}

== Education ==
•Nuagada hosts a total of 93 Elementary Schools, 13 High Schools, and one Higher Secondary School in Khajuripada.
In addition, the area also has a De Paul School, Khajuripada, which functions as a branch of De Paul School, Brahmapur.

== Health Facilities ==
The block has a total of 17 Government Primary Health Centres (PHCs) and 3 Government Hospitals, providing healthcare services to the local population.

== Administration ==
There are 19 Gram Panchayat and 181 villages in them. Here is the list below:-

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Village list with their Gram Panchayats
|-
! Gram Panchayat !! Village
|-
| ANUGURU ||
*Anuguru
*Katama
*Latingi
*Naudipadara
*Partipanga
*Pateiguda
*Poipadara
*Tandarang
*Tataranga
*Tilikara
*Uama
|-
| ATTARASINGI ||
* Atarasing
* Kankarada
* Kere
* Liaba
* Ragidiguma
* Ringisingi
* Sabalada
|-
| BADAPADA ||
* Badapada
|-
| BETARSINGI ||
* Andarsing
* Betarsingi
*K. Subalada
*Kankada
*Khilanga
*Mahulapada
*Marlaba
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Gajapati district]]

{{Gajapati-geo-stub}}

Tees Maar Khan (2022 film)

2026-04-26T00:00:34Z

Sovrenn: stub!

{{Short description|2022 film by Kalyanji Gogana}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{for|the 2010 Hindi Film of the same name|Tees Maar Khan (2010 film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}{{Infobox film
| name = Tees Maar Khan
| image = Tees Maar Khan Telugu film poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Kalyanji Gogana
| writer = Kalyanji Gogana
| producer = Nagam Tirupathi Reddy
| starring = [[Aadi Saikumar]] [[Payal Rajput]] [[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]] [[Srikanth Iyengar]]
| cinematography = M. N. Balreddy
| editing = Manikanth
| music = [[Sai Karthik]]
| studio = Vision Cinemaas
| released = {{Film date|2022|08|19|df=yes}}
| runtime = 135
minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Tees Maar Khan '''''also known by the [[initialism]] '''''TMK''',''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goud |first=Nagaraj |date=2022-08-18 |title=Aadi Sai Kumar interview about Tees Maar Khan - Telugu cinema director |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/aadisaikumar-teesmaarkhan.html |access-date=2022-08-20 |website=[[Idlebrain.com|Idlebrain]] |archive-date=20 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820053931/http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/aadisaikumar-teesmaarkhan.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hymavathi |first=Ravali |date=2022-08-08 |title=Tees Maar Khan Trailer: Aadi Sai Kumar Showcases A Glimpse Of His Complete Entertainer… |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tees-maar-khan-trailer-aadi-sai-kumar-showcases-a-glimpse-of-his-complete-entertainer-756946 |access-date=2022-08-20 |website=[[The Hans India]] |language=en |archive-date=20 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820054208/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tees-maar-khan-trailer-aadi-sai-kumar-showcases-a-glimpse-of-his-complete-entertainer-756946 |url-status=live }}</ref> is a 2022 Indian Telugu-language [[Action film|action drama film]] written and directed by Kalyanji Gogana and produced by Nagam Tirupathi Reddy.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-19 |title=Tees Maar Khan Movie Review: ఆది సాయి కుమార్ 'తీస్‌ మార్‌ ఖాన్' మూవీ రివ్యూ.. రొటీన్ యాక్షన్ థ్రిల్లర్.. |url=https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/aadi-saikumar-tees-maar-khan-movie-review-and-rating-ta-1414194.html |access-date=2022-08-20 |website=[[News18 Telugu]] |language=te |archive-date=19 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819215815/https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/aadi-saikumar-tees-maar-khan-movie-review-and-rating-ta-1414194.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The film stars [[Aadi Saikumar]], [[Payal Rajput]], [[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]], and [[Srikanth Iyengar]] in pivotal roles. The film's music is composed by [[Sai Karthik]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-09 |title=Actor Aadi Saikumar-Starrer Tees Maar Khan to Hit The Big Screen on August 19 |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/actor-aadi-saikumar-starrer-tees-maar-khan-to-hit-the-big-screen-on-august-19-5522677.html |access-date=2022-08-20 |website=[[News18]] |language=en |archive-date=17 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017073327/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/actor-aadi-saikumar-starrer-tees-maar-khan-to-hit-the-big-screen-on-august-19-5522677.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The film's title is based on a lyric from the titular song of ''[[Racha (film)|Racha]]'' (2012).

The film was released theatrically on 19 August 2022 to mixed reviews.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/aadi-saikumar-tees-maar-khan-movie-review-and-rating-ta-1414194.html|title=Tees Maar Khan Movie Review: ఆది సాయి కుమార్ 'తీస్‌ మార్‌ ఖాన్' మూవీ రివ్యూ.. రొటీన్ యాక్షన్ థ్రిల్లర్..|website=News18 Telugu|date=19 August 2022 |access-date=20 August 2022|archive-date=19 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819215815/https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/aadi-saikumar-tees-maar-khan-movie-review-and-rating-ta-1414194.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The plot follows Tees Maar Khan, who was appointed to fix law and order situation in the city.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/tees-maar-khan-movie-review-and-rating-telugu-1479683|title='తీస్‌మార్‌ ఖాన్‌' మూవీ రివ్యూ|date=August 19, 2022|website=Sakshi|access-date=20 August 2022|archive-date=19 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819134143/https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/tees-maar-khan-movie-review-and-rating-telugu-1479683|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{No plot|date=August 2022}}
Tees Maar Khan and Vasudha, victims of domestic violence, move out of their homes. Vasudha, being the eldest, takes care of Tees Maar Khan. He names her his Amma (mother). A lonely police constable adopts these two homeless children, and they become one family. Years later, Vasudha marries Chakri. On the other hand, Tees Maar Khan lands in a tussle with Jeeja, a mafia don, causing his family to be targeted and Vasudha to be killed. Frustrated by Amma (Vasudha)'s death, Tees Maar Khan seeks vengeance.

== Cast ==
* [[Aadi Saikumar]] as TMK aka Tees Maar Khan
* [[Payal Rajput]] as Anaga
* [[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]] as Chakri
* [[Shamna Kasim|Poorna]] as Vasudha: wife of Chakri
* [[Srikanth Iyengar]] as [[Home Minister (Andhra Pradesh)|Home Minister]] Ranga Rajan
* [[Thakur Anoop Singh]] as Jija
* [[Kabir Duhan Singh]] as Talwar
* RJ Hemanth as TMK's Friend
* Ambati Arjun as Arjun: a college student
* [[Aziz Naser]] as SI
* Vanitha Reddy as mother of TMK

== Production ==
After shooting a song in [[Goa]], filming was completed in December 2021, mainly in the Telangana region.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-12-07 |title=ఆది సాయికుమార్ 'తీస్ మార్ ఖాన్' షూటింగ్ పూర్తి! |url=https://ntvtelugu.com/movie-news/aadi-sai-kumar-tees-maar-khan-movie-shooting-completed-99777.html |access-date=2022-08-20 |website=[[NTV (Indian TV channel)|NTV]] |language=te-IN |archive-date=17 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017073324/https://ntvtelugu.com/movie-news/aadi-sai-kumar-tees-maar-khan-movie-shooting-completed-99777.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The [[film score]] and [[soundtrack album]] of the film is composed by [[Sai Karthik|Sai Kartheek]]. The music rights were acquired by [[Aditya Music]].{{Track listing
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Papa Agave
| length1 = 3:17
| lyrics1 = [[Bhaskarabhatla]]
| extra1 = [[N. C. Karunya]]
| title2 = Samayanike
| length2 = 4:00
| lyrics2 = [[Rakendu Mouli]]
| extra2 = M L Shruti
| title3 = Tees Maar Khan Theme Song
| length3 = 3:02
| lyrics3 = Rakendu Mouli
| extra3 = M L Shruti, M L Gayatri, Abikhya, [[Sai Kartheek]]
| title4 = Egire Egire
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Tees Maar Khan ''was released on 19 August 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-10 |title=Aadi Saikumar to don three avatars in Tees Maar Khan |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2022/aug/10/aadi-saikumar-to-don-three-avatars-in-tees-maar-khan-33612.html |access-date=2022-08-20 |website=[[The New Indian Express|Cinema Express]] |language=en |archive-date=20 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820053930/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2022/aug/10/aadi-saikumar-to-don-three-avatars-in-tees-maar-khan-33612.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

''[[The Times of India]]'' gave a rating of 2.5 out of 5 and wrote that "the film impresses with its stellar performances by the cast, good production values, decent cinematography and music, but what doesn't work in its favour are its mediocre screenplay and routine script. However, irrespective of its drawbacks".<ref>{{Citation |title=Tees Maar Khan Movie Review |date=2022-08-19 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/tees-maar-khan/movie-review/93664664.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2022-08-20 |archive-date=17 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017073325/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/tees-maar-khan/movie-review/93664664.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Praising the performances of Aadi and Sunil, Mural Krishna Ch of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' wrote: "''Tees Maar Khan'' largely entertains with twists on familiar tropes and impressive performances. The film may serve well for the audience who like watching high-voltage masala entertainers".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ch |first=Murali Krishna |date=2022-08-20 |title=Tees Maar Khan Movie Review: A masala entertainer |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/review/2022/aug/20/tees-maar-khan-movie-reviewa-masala-entertainer-33905.html |access-date=2022-08-20 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en |archive-date=20 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820055032/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/review/2022/aug/20/tees-maar-khan-movie-reviewa-masala-entertainer-33905.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Home media ==
The film premiered on [[Amazon Prime Video]].The Satellite rights acquired by star maa

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|id=tt21301666}}

[[Category:2022 action comedy films]]
[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Telangana Police]]
[[Category:Fiction about law enforcement]]
[[Category:Indian action comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian police films]]
[[Category:2020s masala films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films set in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:2022 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:2022 action drama films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Goa]]

Alexander Duff (missionary)

2026-04-25T21:20:16Z

Sovrenn: adding a pg.

{{Short description|Scottish Christian missionary in India (1806–1878)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2012}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = minister
| honorific-prefix =
| name = Alexander Duff
| title =
| image = Alexander Duff, missionary (1806-1878).jpeg
| caption = Alexander Duff
| church =
| birth_date = 25 April 1806
| birth_place = Auchnahyle, [[Perthshire]], [[Scotland]]
| death_date = 12 February 1878 (aged 71)
| death_place = [[Sidmouth]], [[Devon]], [[England]]
| spouse = Anne Scott Drysdale (m.1829 - 1865)
| children = Rebecca (b.1830), James (b.1831), Alexander (b.1834), Ann (b.1836), William (b.1838)
| occupation = Missionary, Teacher
| alma_mater = [[University of St. Andrews]]
}}
'''Alexander Duff''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|DD|LLD}} (25 April 1806 – 12 February 1878), was a Scottish [[missionary]] in [[India]]; where he played a large part in the development of higher education. He was a Moderator of the General Assembly and convener of the foreign missions committee of the Free Church of Scotland and a scientific liberal reformer of anglicized evangelism across the Empire. He was the first overseas missionary of the [[Church of Scotland]] to India. On 13 July 1830 he founded the General Assembly's Institution in [[Calcutta]], now known as the [[Scottish Church College]]. He also played a part in establishing the [[University of Calcutta]]. He was twice Moderator of the [[Free Church of Scotland (1843–1900)|Free Church of Scotland]] in 1851 and 1873, the only person to serve the role twice.{{sfn|Wylie|1881}}

==Early life==
Alexander Duff was born in [[Perthshire|Auchnahyle, Scotland]], and raised parish of [[Pitlochry|Moulin]], [[Perthshire]] and was brought up at Balnakeilly. His parents were James Duff, gardener and farmer at Auchnahagh, and Jean Rattray.<ref>{{cite book|author=A & H Tayler|title=The Book of the Duffs|year=1914 |url=https://archive.org/details/bookofduffs01tayl|author-link=A & H Tayler}}</ref> Alexander had 5 siblings. Margaret, William, Findlay, John and Jean. After receiving his initial schooling at the Moulin and Kirkmichael Schools, and Perth Academy (where he was dux), he studied arts and theology at the [[University of St. Andrews]].<ref>Emmott, D.H., "Alexander Duff and the Foundation of Modern Education in India", British Journal of Education Studies, Vol.13, No. 2 (1965): 167.</ref> He was greatly influenced by the teaching, missionary fervour, and personality of [[Thomas Chalmers]], then Professor of Moral Philosophy.<ref name=DCBA>{{cite web |url= https://dcbasia.org/biography/duff-alexander |title= Duff, Alexander; 1806 - 1878 |last= Malayil |first= Philip |date= July 31, 2011 |website= Dictionary of Christian Biography in Asia |publisher= |access-date= September 17, 2025 |quote=}}</ref>

He graduated with an M.A. (Hons) in 1824. Subsequently he was licensed to preach by Presbytery of St Andrews in April 1829. Duff was ordained by the Presbytery of Edinburgh on 12 August following as first (official) missionary of the Church of Scotland to India. Travelling to there, he left Edinburgh on 19 September and sailed 14 October 1829.{{sfn|Scott|1928}}

==Mission in India==
[[File:Rev-alexander-duff-1806-1878-missionary-and-educat.jpg|thumb|right|Alexander Duff, 1806 - 1878. Scottish missionary and educationalist]]
After an adventurous voyage during which he was twice shipwrecked, Duff arrived in [[Calcutta]] on 27 May 1830. After inspecting the Bengali schools, he concluded that students were not receiving an adequate education in a broad range of subjects and secondly, that he would instruct his students using English instead of the local dialects. He at once identified himself with a policy which had far-reaching effects. Christian missions in India had been successful only in converting a few low-caste groups from a poor socio-economic background. The upper caste [[Hindu]] and [[Muslim]] communities had been practically untouched. Duff shrewdly assessed that these affluent communities could not be accessed by traditional evangelical methods. He recognised that holding out the prospect of upward mobility, by offering a western education, would bring the children of the affluent classes into his range of influence, which could then be extended to encompass religion. Duff devised the policy by using a western system of education to slowly convert Hindus and Muslims to [[Christianity]]. The success of his work had the effect:
#of altering the policy of the government of India in matters of education;
#of securing the recognition of education as a missionary agency by Christian churches at home; and,
#of securing entrance for Christian ideas into the minds of high-caste Hindus.{{sfn|Macfadyen|1911}}

By teaching [[Bible|biblical]] courses as well as courses in the physical sciences, Duff hoped that students would logically come to realise the contradictions and impracticality of Hinduism and embrace wholeheartedly the truth of Christianity. Even as his educational and academic work is prospered, the remarkable conversions were no longer so obvious.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Duff, Alexander (1806-1878) {{!}} History of Missiology |url=https://www.bu.edu/missiology/missionary-biography/c-d/duff-alexander-1806-1878/ |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=www.bu.edu}}</ref> While a few students converted, Duff seems to have widely miscalculated the resilience of Hinduism as well as its ability to adapt itself to western knowledge. Whereas Duff and many of his fellow [[Evangelism|evangelists]] saw Christianity and [[Hinduism]] as diametrically opposed, Hindus did not generally consider the knowledge either tradition provided as mutually exclusive with the other.<ref>Emmott, D.H., 168</ref>

==Education in English==
Duff opened a school in which all kinds of secular subjects were taught, from the rudiments upwards to a university standard, alongside the Bible. The English language was used as the medium of instruction on the grounds that it was the key to Western knowledge. Alexander Duff proposed a theory which he called the "downward filter theory" in which he believed that by catering to the middle and upper social classes, the knowledge of Christianity would eventually filter down the social ladder. Although he promoted the teaching of English in schools, he still viewed the vernacular as an important language for spreading Christianity among "the masses" but deemed it inferior to the English language because it was not progressive. Duff wrote a pamphlet on the question, entitled ''A New Era of the English Language and Literature in India''. A government minute was adopted on 7 March 1835, to the effect that in higher education, the object of the [[British Raj|British government in India]] should be the promotion of European science and literature among the natives of India, and that all funds appropriated for purposes of education would be best employed on English education alone.{{sfn|Macfadyen|1911}} His views influenced [[Peter Percival]], a pioneering educator, linguist and missionary who worked in [[Sri Lankan Tamils|Sri Lankan Tamil]] dominant [[Jaffna Peninsula]] in [[Sri Lanka]].<ref name=tamilnet>{{cite web|url=http://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?catid=79&artid=29748|title=Graves of Peter Percival, R B Foote, discovered at Yercaud |date=8 July 2008|publisher=[[Tamilnet]]|access-date=15 November 2011}}</ref>

Within the British Indian community of that era, there were not lacking those "[[Scottish orientalism|Orientalists]]" who saw value in the traditional learning of India and wished to support and encourage it. They opposed Duff's policy of stringently disregarding the same while assiduously promoting the spread of western education, culture and religion. In 1839, [[George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland|Lord Auckland]], the [[governor-general of India]], yielded to them and adopted a policy which was a compromise between the two perspectives.{{sfn|Macfadyen|1911}}

Regardless, English became the tool through which Indians were able to understand and advance themselves through the British institutions of government. This opportunity to share in governance established one of the foundations on which eventual self-rule was built.<ref>Sangwan, Satpal., 85</ref>

==The Institutes==
[[File:Scottish Church College.jpg|thumb|Scottish Church College]]
[[File:Alexander Duff at thirty.png|thumb|Alexander Duff at thirty]]
Shortly after landing in India in 1830, Duff opened his institution in a house located at upper Chitpur Road in the [[Jorasanko]] neighbourhood of Calcutta. The house was made available to him by ''[[Scottish Church College#The foundation|Feringhi Kamal Bose]]'', an affluent Hindu. The school soon began to expand into a missionary college, known as the [[Scottish Church College, Calcutta|General Assembly's Institution]]. The location was a source of controversy for the Missions Committee who wanted to remain at the heart of Bengali society in the city of Calcutta. In 1834, Duff returned to Britain broken in health. During this sojourn, he succeeded in securing the approval of his church for his educational plans, and in arousing much interest in the work of foreign missions.{{sfn|Macfadyen|1911}} His struggles were described in a speech at [[Exeter Hall]] on 8 May 1837 that called for hundreds of thousands of new teachers for India.<ref>Speech of the Rev Dr Duff at the anniversary of the Church of Scotland missions at Exeter Hall on May 8, 1837 (London, 1837)</ref>

In 1836, the Calcutta institution was moved to Gorachand Bysack's house in the Garanhata neighbourhood. On 23 February 1837, Mr. MacFarlon, the Chief Magistrate of Calcutta, laid the foundation stone for a new building belonging to the mission itself. The building was designed by John Gray construction was superintended by Capt. John Thomson, both of the [[East India Company]]. The construction of the building was completed in 1839.

Duff returned to India in 1840, by which time The Institution had expanded to 600 Indian pupils from five to nine years old. At the [[Disruption of 1843]], Duff sided with the [[Free Church of Scotland (1843–1900)|Free Church]]. He gave up the college buildings, with all their effects, and with unabated courage set to work to provide a new institution, which came to be known as the [[Scottish Church College, Calcutta|Free Church Institution]].{{sfn|Macfadyen|1911}} In 1857, when the [[University of Calcutta]] was established, the Free Church Institution was one of its earliest affiliates, and Duff would also serve in the university's first senate.<ref name=Notable_Firsts>[http://www.caluniv.ac.in/About%20the%20university/Noteble%20first.htm A Tradition of Notable Firsts] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307001947/http://www.caluniv.ac.in/About%20the%20university/Noteble%20first.htm |date=7 March 2013 }}</ref>

These two institutions founded by Duff, i.e., the General Assembly's Institution and the Free Church Institution would be merged in 1908 to form the Scottish Churches' College. After the unification of the [[Church of Scotland]] in 1929, the institution would be known as [[Scottish Church College]]. He had the support of Sir [[Sir James Outram, 1st Baronet|James Outram]] and Sir [[Henry Montgomery Lawrence|Henry Lawrence]], and the encouragement of seeing a new band of converts, including several young men born of high caste. In 1844, governor-general [[Viscount Hardinge]] opened government appointments to all who had studied in institutions similar to Duff's institution. In the same year, Duff co-founded the ''[[Calcutta Review]]'', of which he served as editor from 1845 to 1849.{{sfn|Macfadyen|1911}}

Several important Indian figures were products of Duff's Institutions. Most notably, [[Rev. Lal Behari Dey]], who wrote two books (''Folk Tales of Bengal'' and ''Bengal Peasant Life'') that were widely distributed among Indian schools, and [[Krishna Mohan Banerjee]], who became registrar of Calcutta University .<ref>Edward Thompson and G.T. Garratt, ''Rise and Fulfillment of British Rule in India'' (1935): 310.</ref>

==Later years==
[[File:Alexander Duff with beard.png|thumb|Alexander Duff by Jeens]]
In 1849, Duff returned to Scotland.

He was elected [[Moderator of the General Assembly]] of the Free Church of Scotland in 1851, in succession to [[Nathaniel Paterson]].

He gave evidence before various Indian committees of parliament on matters of education. He was asked by Lord Granville to testify to the House of Lords, in which he hoped to influence the [[Wood's despatch|Wood's Educational Despatch]] of 1854.<ref>Duff sent a Brief Memorandum to Wood in 1853 in which suggested a Committee on Indian Educational reform. R. J. Moore, Sir Charles Wood's Indian Policy, 1853–66, (Manchester University Press, 1966) pp. 109–122.</ref> This led to an important despatch by [[Viscount Halifax]], president of the Board of Control, to governor-general the [[Marquess of Dalhousie]], authorising an educational advance in primary and secondary schools; the provision of technical and scientific teaching; and the establishment of schools for girls. In 1854, Duff visited the United States, where what is now [[New York University]] gave him the degree of L.L.D.; he was already D.D. of the [[University of Aberdeen]].{{sfn|Macfadyen|1911}} While in the USA, he addressed Congress and spoke to many congregations; he also visited Knox College in Toronto, Canada, and spoke at meetings in Montreal and other cities.<ref name=PCS>{{cite web |url= https://pitlochrychurchofscotland.org.uk/alexander-duff-2/ |title= Alexander Duff (1806-1878) |author= |date= |website= Church of Scotland Pitlochry |publisher= |access-date= September 22, 2025 |quote=}}</ref>

In 1856, Duff returned to India, where the mutiny broke out the following year; his descriptive letters written during this period were collected in a volume entitled ''The Indian Mutiny - its Causes and Results (1858).'' During this stint in India, Duff gave much thought and time to the [[University of Calcutta]], which owes its examination system and the prominence given to physical sciences to his influence. In 1863, Sir [[Sir Charles Trevelyan, 1st Baronet|Charles Trevelyan]] offered him the post of vice-chancellor of the university, but his health compelled him to leave India. As a memorial of his work, the Duff Hall was erected in the centre of the educational buildings of Calcutta.{{sfn|Macfadyen|1911}}

In 1864, Duff visited South Africa, and on his return, became convener of the foreign missions committee of the Free Church. In 1870 he was the principal force in founding the Anglo-Indian Christian Union (an alliance of Protestant churches to minister to scattered British communities in India), of which he became the first President, and sent Rev. [[John Fordyce (missionary)|John Fordyce]] to India as the Union's Commissioner there.<ref>The Scotsman, 31 October 1871; Berwickshire News & General Advertiser, 5 November 1872.</ref> He raised money to endow a missionary chair in Evangelistic Theology at New College, Edinburgh, and himself became first professor.{{sfn|Walls|1998}} Among other missionary labours of his later years, he helped the Free Church mission on [[Lake Nyassa]], travelled to [[Syria]] to inspect a mission at [[Lebanon]], and assisted Lady Aberdeen and Lord Polwarth to establish the Gordon Memorial Mission in [[Colony of Natal|Natal]].<ref name=DCBA /> In 1873, the Free Church was threatened with a schism owing to negotiations for union with the [[United Presbyterian Church of Scotland|United Presbyterian Church]]. Duff was called to the chair, and guided the church through this crisis. He also took part in forming the alliance of Reformed Churches holding the Presbyterian system.{{sfn|Macfadyen|1911}}

Alexander Duff died in [[Sidmouth]], Devon<ref>England and Wales Death Registration Index 1837–2007</ref> on 12 February 1878. He is buried with his wife, Ann Scott Drysdale, in the north-east section of the [[Grange, Edinburgh|Grange Cemetery]] in [[Edinburgh]].

By his will, he devoted his personal property to found a lectureship on foreign missions at [[New College, Edinburgh|New College]] (now part of the [[University of Edinburgh]]) on the model of the [[Bampton Lectures]].{{sfn|Macfadyen|1911}}<ref>{{Cite book|title=Medieval Missions|last=Smith|first=Thomas|publisher=T&T Clark|year=1880|series=Duff Missionary Lectures – First Series|location=Edinburgh|pages=vii-ix|language=en|chapter=Preface|oclc = 466155121}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Alexander Duff Lectureship |url=http://www.cswc.div.ed.ac.uk/events/alexander-duff-lectureship/ |website=Centre for the Study of World Christianity |date=19 November 2021 |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>

==Friendships and other achievements==
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2021}}
[[File:The Calcutta University by Francis Frith.jpg|thumb|left|The Calcutta University by Francis Frith. Duff's foundation of 1857]]
[[File:Logo of Calcutta University - a diagram in The History of the Bengali Language.png|thumb|Logo of Calcutta University – a very British institution founded for the education of Indians]]
[[File:Duff on missionary voyage.jpg|thumb|left|Duff_on_missionary_voyage]]

By the age of thirty he was already a remarkable preacher. Joining the [[Church Missionary Society]] in 1836 he and his friend Rev Dr James Lewis were shapers of the new [[Church of Scotland Mission]]. Of his many Scottish friends, Dr [[Robert Hall (minister)|Robert Hall]] was a leading academic, a powerful orator, with a large retentive memory whose impulsive liberalism formed his early beliefs. They helped him publish a pamphlet ''English Education in India'' which formed part of his address to the General Assembly of the Kirk in Edinburgh in 1837, which he dedicated to the students of the four ancient universities. A passionate advocate of reform he banished corporal punishments for girls, striving to Christianise education through humane methods of teaching. In seeking out [[William Hopkins Pearce]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Memoir of William Yates, D.D. of Calcutta | access-date=2025-09-09|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.04268/page/n1/mode/2up}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Memoir of William Yates, D.D. of Calcutta with abridgement| access-date=2021-11-10|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=eBhMAAAAYAAJ&pg=GBS.PP18&hl=en_GB}}</ref> for a new Baptist mission, he emphasised the inter-denominational character of united prayer events. He was unassuming, modest, pious, and quite uninterested in the politics of popery and anti-papism. Yet only the Episcopalians remained beyond his reach with their broad brush ''Quarterly'' publications. Despite the perceived handicap he could influence serious political figures in the Indian civil Service through the media of ''Calcutta Review.'' In one article he made an advancement in liberal theology exposing the cruelty of ''Female Infanticide in Central and Western India'' (1844). And in the same year his power in the Free Church was rehearsed in a lecture to The Free Churchmen of Calcutta in the Masonic Hall. Its title "The Sole and Supreme Headship of the Lord Jesus Christ over His Own Church, or a voice from the Ganges relative to the courses which led to the recent disruption..." symbolised his conviction in the supremacy of Christianity to bring enlightened education to Indians. Two Bengali intellectuals travelled to Edinburgh to be baptised at Duff's request. [[Mahendra Lal Bazak]] and [[Khailai Chandra Mukherjya]] were closely watched by Dr Thomas Chalmers. Dr. Chalmers' death in 1847 was a real blow to the Free Church; and to Duff, his pupil and then successor as professor. It forced Duff to deny his Scottishness to maintain a life dedicated to working in India. He refused the principalship in 1874. Duff knew him well in the cultural capital of Scotland pursuing moral, material and spiritual development while steering his charges away from the temptations of Heathenism. During 1845–46 he conducted numerous Indian conversions with typical missionary zeal. Exhibiting a strong sense of Scottish character he personified individual freedoms, baptising Jewish refugees, overcoming prejudice, and persisting in the face of prohibitive rules among the Hindu caste system. A tireless campaigner, and restless traveller from Calcutta to Ceylon, he visited thousands of missionaries and their stations. A profound sense of duty was monitored by legal correctness of his own opinions, that never ceased to improve. Deeply rooted in the doctrine of justification by faith alone, he mixed doctrinal worship with regular business committees to raise money for the church.

Eloquent, he recalled the poems of [[Ossian]] and Jacobite songs.<ref name=ES>{{cite web |url= https://www.electricscotland.com/history/india/duff9.htm |title= Self Lost in Service - Alexander Duff of India (Chapter IX) |author= |date= |website= Electric Scotland |publisher= |access-date= September 22, 2025 |quote=}}</ref>

Disappointed by the slow progress of change, he embarked on a trip to America. In Toronto he gave a sermon to Kroom's Church. On his last day he preached at the [[Broadway Tabernacle]], where he received benediction. Hugely popular, he was bade farewell by weeping crowds from the Hudson River wharves on 13 May 1854. Back in England he was met by Lord Haddo, son of Prime Minister, Lord Aberdeen. After sipping the Malvern Spa waters for a cure, he decided on a Grand Tour of Europe and the Holy Land with his friend Dr James Lumsden. At his death he was acclaimed by Scot William Ewart Gladstone as an heroic, apostolic saint. A memorial Celtic cross was erected at Pitlochry parish church to celebrate a life of deep Christian service.

==Family==
[[File:Mrs Duff.png|thumb|Mrs Anne Scott Duff nee Drysdale]]
[[File:Alexander Duff aged sixty-seven.png|thumb|Alexander Duff aged sixty-seven]]
He married 30 July 1829, Anne Scott Drysdale, Edinburgh (died 22 February 1865), and had issue –
*Rebecca Jane, born 24 June 1830 (married 5 May 1852, John Watson, East India merchant), died at London, 7 November 1896
*James Murray, born 26 September 1831, died 5 June 1832
*Alexander Groves, physician, born 19 July 1834
*Ann Jemima, born 5 August 1836, died 26 May 1841
*William Pirie, merchant, Calcutta, born 9 November 1838, died at Edinburgh, 31 January 1899.{{sfn|Scott|1928}}

==Legacy and influence==
[[File:Duff Church 03.jpg|thumb|Duff Church 03]]
Alexander Duff was incredibly influential in Indian education and government and set several precedents. Almost as soon as he arrived his evangelising changed Indian education: in 1832 another Scot, [[John Wilson (Scottish missionary)]] established a [[Wilson College, Mumbai|school]] in Bombay.<ref name=DCBA /> Duff's methods were widely imitated and his cumulative twenty-five years in the subcontinent were largely characterised by the establishment of western-style educational institutions warmly received by [[Ram Mohan Roy]]. Duff can be credited with creating a framework that influenced educational policy and practice during the nineteenth century and beyond. Since his schools catered mostly to the Hindu middle class, he was able to receive attention from the government which helped to spread his methods and ideas. Several other English schools were established because the General Assemblies Institution was so successful. The success and influence of Duff's college led to the founding of the Calcutta Medical College. Hindu scriptures forbid people of higher castes from touching dead bodies, which prevented medical students from performing cadaver dissections. Students from Duff's college expressed that their liberal, English education had "freed their minds from prejudice and the dissection of the human body was not objectionable to them."<ref>Emmott, D.H., "Alexander Duff and the Foundation of Modern Education in India", British Journal of Education Studies, Vol.13, No. 2 (1965): 164</ref> This new idea allowed higher caste Indians to pursue medical professions, therefore advancing healthcare in India.

The top-down theory of education described above typifies Duff's evangelical elitism, one of the main elements of his legacy in the subcontinent. Duff seems to have believed that there was a direct relationship between education and missionary work. Not only was the education of the Indian people critical to his goal of dispelling "Hindu ignorance" but it was in fact the duty of evangelicals to modernise and instruct Indian society using Western ideals and texts. While Duff was a highly skilled scholar who was devoted to India, his evangelistic ideals and western prejudice may have influenced his students in ways that he did not anticipate. Instead of initiating a mass conversion to Christianity he may have instead provided another catalyst for Hindu reform movements.<ref>Emmott, D.H., 169</ref>

Duff hoped that through a western education in a time of enlightenment, Indians would be able to see the flaws in their religion and be compelled to convert to Christianity, but he did not consider the resilience of the Hindu religion and his efforts proved to be fairly unsuccessful on the broader scale.<ref name="Emmott, 168">Emmott, 168.</ref> Educations of the Christian bible was accepted by Hindus because they were confident in their own religion and were not worried that their children would lose their faith. Hinduism was not only a religion but a culture, and the occupation of the British and their ideas was not drastic enough to change this. Because Alexander Duff was regarded well, his character served as a model to his students and friends and his teaching did eventually lead to some reformist movements within Hinduism. In fact, Duff's work led to the acceptance of more Indians into public official positions in government.<ref name="Emmott, 168" /> This experience was critical to the transitional Indian government after Independence in 1947. A Church was established in 1848 and named as [[Duff Church]] in 1910 in memory of Alexander Duff.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cnicalcutta.org/church_duff_church.html|title=Duff Church|access-date=18 September 2018}}</ref> Another church, in [[Kirkmichael, Perth and Kinross]], Scotland, is named [[Duff Memorial Church]] in his honour.<ref>[https://cateranecomuseum.co.uk/site/duff-memorial-church/page/2/ Duff Memorial Church] – CateranCoMuseum.co.uk</ref> Duff attended primary school in the village.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=m7sMAAAAIAAJ&dq=Duff+Memorial+Church+kirkmichael&pg=PA293 ''Twelve Pioneer Missionaries''] – George Smith (1900), p. 295</ref>

==Works by Dr Duff==
[[File:Rev Alexander Duff's grave, Grange Cemetery.JPG|thumb|Rev Alexander Duff's grave, Grange Cemetery]]
[[File:Alexander Duff memorial cross at Pitlochry Parish Church.png|thumb|Alexander Duff memorial cross at [[Pitlochry Church of Scotland|Pitlochry Parish Church]]]]
* 'The Church of Scotland's India Mission,’ 1835.
* 'Vindication of the Church of Scotland's India Missions,’ 1837.
* 'New Era of English Language and Literature in India,’ 1837.
* 'Missions the end of the Christian Church,’ 1839.
* 'Farewell Address,’ 1839.
* 'India and India Missions,’ 1840.
* 'The Headship of the Lord Jesus Christ,’ 1844.
* 'Lectures on the Church of Scotland,’ delivered at Calcutta, 1844.
* 'The Jesuits,’ 1845.
* 'Missionary Addresses,’ 1850.
* 'Farewell Address to the Free Church of Scotland,’ 1855.
* Several sermons and pamphlets.
* 'The World-wide Crisis,’ 1873.
* 'The True Nobility – Sketches of Lord Haddo and the Hon. J. H. Hamilton Gordon.'
* Various articles in the 'Calcutta Review.'

==Further reading==
*{{Internet Archive author |sname=Alexander Duff}}
*In Memoriam, Alexander Duff (1878)
*Life by George Smith, CLE., LL.D., 2 vols, (portrait) (London, 1879, abridged edition, 1899)
*Alexander Duff by Thomas Smith, D.D. (London, 1883)
*Recollections of A. D. by Lai Behari Day (London, 1879)
*Maratt's Two Standard- Bearers in the East (London, 1882)
*J. N. Ogilvie's The Apostles of India, 380–431 (London, 1915)
*Memorials, by W. Pirie Duff (1890)
*Duff Watson's [grandson] Self Lost in Service (portraits) (London, 1926){{sfn|Scott|1928}}
* {{cite book|first=W.|last=Paton|title=Alexander Duff|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.350318|year=1923}}
* Mayukh Das, ''Reverend Krishnamohan Bandyopadhyaya'' (in Bengali), Kolkata:Paschimbanga Anchalik Itihas O Loksanskriti Charcha Kendra (2014) {{ISBN|978-81-926316-0-8}}
* {{cite journal|last=Sangwan|first= Satpal|title=Science Education in India under Colonial Constraints|journal=Oxford Review of Education|volume=16|year=1990|page=85|doi= 10.1080/0305498900160107}}

==References==
===Citations===
{{reflist |colwidth=30em}}

===Sources===
{{refbegin|30em|indent=no}}
*{{cite DNB|last=Blaikie |first=William Garden|author-link=William Garden Blaikie |wstitle=Duff, Alexander |volume=16 |page=125–128|noicon=2}}
*{{Cite ODNB|last1=Blaikie |first1=William Garden|author-link=William Garden Blaikie|title=Duff, Alexander |last2=Savage|first2=David W. |date=2004|id=8167}}
*{{cite book |last1=Duff |first=Alexander |title=Disruption worthies of the highlands |date=1877 |publisher=J. Greig & Son |location=Edinburgh |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=WbyySNyWURQC&pg=PR3 ix]-lix |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WbyySNyWURQC|quote=this edition also has Duff's signature in the "Autographs of Moderators and Others" section}}
*{{cite book |last1=Holcomb |first1=Helen H. |title=Men of might in India missions; the leaders and their epochs, 1706–1899 |date=1901 |publisher=Fleming H. Revell company |location=New York, Chicago [etc.] |pages=[https://archive.org/details/menofmightinindi00holc/page/212/mode/2up 213]–239 |url=https://archive.org/details/menofmightinindi00holc}}
*{{cite book |last1=Hunter |first1=Robert |title=History of the missions of the Free church of Scotland in India and Africa |date=1873 |publisher=T. Nelson |location=London; New York |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofmission00hunt}}
*{{cite EB1911 |last1=Macfadyen |first1=Dugald |author1-link=Dugald Macfadyen |wstitle=Duff, Alexander |volume=8 |pages=643–644|noicon=2}}{{PD-notice}}
*{{cite book |last1=Marrat |first1=Jabez |title=Two standard bearers in the East: sketches of Dr. Duff and Dr. Wilson |date=1882 |publisher=T. Woolmer |location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/twostandardbear00marrgoog/page/n6/mode/2up}}
*{{cite book |last=Scott |first=Hew |title=Fasti ecclesiae scoticanae; the succession of ministers in the Church of Scotland from the reformation |volume=7|pages=[https://archive.org/details/fastiecclesiaesc07scot/page/690/mode/2up 690]–692|date=1928 |publisher=Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd |url=https://archive.org/details/fastiecclesiaesc07scot |author-link=Hew Scott}}{{PD-notice}}
*{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=George |title=The life of Alexander Duff |date=1879 |publisher=A.C. Armstrong |location=New York |volume=1 |url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofalexander01smituoft/page/n7/mode/2up}}
*{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=George |title=The life of Alexander Duff |date=1882 |publisher=A.C. Armstrong |location=New York |volume=2 |url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofalexanderd02smituoft}}
*{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=George |title=The life of Alexander Duff |date=1879 |publisher=Hodder and Stoughton |location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofalexanderdlhs00smit|edition=3rd English, revised & abridged}}
*{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=George |title=Twelve pioneer missionaries |date=1900 |publisher=Thomas Nelson and sons |location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/twelvepioneermis00smitiala}}
*{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=Thomas |author1-link=Thomas Smith (missionary) |title=Alexander Duff |date=1883 |publisher=Hodder & Stoughton |location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/alexanderduff00smitgoog/page/n8/mode/2up}}
*{{cite web |last1=Walls |first1=Andrew |author1-link=Andrew Walls |title=Duff, Alexander (1806–1878) |url=https://www.bu.edu/missiology/missionary-biography/c-d/duff-alexander-1806-1878/ |website=Boston University, History of Missiology |access-date=6 October 2021|date=1998}}
*{{cite book |last1=Wylie |first1=James Aitken |author-link=James Aitken Wylie|title=Disruption worthies : a memorial of 1843, with an historical sketch of the free church of Scotland from 1843 down to the present time |date=1881 |publisher=T. C. Jack |location=Edinburgh |pages=215–222 |url=https://archive.org/stream/disruptionworthi00wyli#page/215}}
{{refend}}
;Attribution
* {{EB1911 |wstitle=Duff, Alexander |volume=8 |pages=643–644}}
{{Protestant missions to India}}
{{Bengal Renaissance}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Wikiquote}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Duff, Alexander}}
[[Category:1806 births]]
[[Category:1878 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Perth and Kinross]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of St Andrews]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Aberdeen]]
[[Category:Presbyterian missionaries in India]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Kolkata]]
[[Category:British missionary educators]]
[[Category:Scottish Presbyterian missionaries]]
[[Category:Founders of Indian schools and colleges]]
[[Category:Indian people of Scottish descent]]
[[Category:Indian magazine founders]]
[[Category:Indian magazine editors]]
[[Category:Scottish educators]]
[[Category:Scottish people of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Scottish Church College]]
[[Category:19th-century Scottish journalists]]
[[Category:19th-century British male journalists]]
[[Category:Scottish male journalists]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:19th-century ministers of the Free Church of Scotland]]
[[Category:19th-century Scottish Presbyterian ministers]]
[[Category:British people in British India]]
[[Category:19th-century ministers of the Church of Scotland]]
[[Category:British missionaries in India]]

Kishkindhapuri

2026-04-23T15:48:13Z

Sovrenn: adding first details w/ refs

{{Short description|2025 Indian film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kishkindhapuri
| image = Kishkindhapuri.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name =
| director = Koushik Pegallapati
| writer = Koushik Pegallapati Bala Ganesh K. Darahas Palakollu
| producer = [[Sahu Garapati]]
| starring = {{plain list|
* [[Bellamkonda Sai Sreenivas]]
* [[Anupama Parameswaran]]
* [[Sandy (choreographer)|Sandy]]
}}
| cinematography = Chinmay Salaskar
| editing = Niranjan Devaramane
| music = [[Chaitan Bharadwaj]]
| studio = Shine Screens
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2025|09|12|df=y}}
| runtime = 125 minutes
| country = India
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| budget =
| gross = ₹24.10 crore<ref>{{cite web |title=Kishkindhapuri Movie Total WW Collections!! |url=https://t2blive.com/kishkindhapuri-movie-total-ww-collections/ |website=T2BLive |language=en |date=28 October 2025 |access-date=20 November 2025}}</ref>
}}
'''''Kishkindhapuri''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Horror film|horror]] [[Thriller film|thriller]] film written and directed by Koushik Pegallapati.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roy |first=Ujjainee |date=2025-08-10 |title=Bellamkonda Sai Sreenivas-starrer 'Kishkindhapuri' to release on September 12 |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/cinema/2025/Aug/10/bellamkonda-sai-sreenivas-starrer-kishkindhapuri-to-release-on-september-12-2 |access-date=2025-09-22 |website=Indulgexpress |language=en}}</ref> It is produced by [[Sahu Garapati]] for Shine Screens Ananda Media and stars [[Bellamkonda Sai Sreenivas]], [[Anupama Parameswaran]] and [[Sandy (choreographer)|Sandy]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Acharya |first=T. Maruthi |date=2025-09-17 |title=How Kishkindhapuri paves way for bigger Telugu horror films like The Raja Saab |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/why-telugu-film-kishkindhapuri-is-a-promising-step-in-reviving-horror-genre-2787598-2025-09-17 |access-date=2025-09-22 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

The film was released on 12 September 2025 to positive reviews from critics and emerged as a commercial success at the box office, the first for Srinivas in over 6 years post [[Rakshasudu (2019 film)|''Rakshasudu'']], grossing over ₹24.10 crore in its lifetime.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 28, 2025 |title=Kishkindhapuri Movie Total WW Collections!! |url=https://t2blive.com/kishkindhapuri-movie-total-ww-collections/ |access-date=November 20, 2025 |website=T2BLive}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bellamkonda Sreenivas, Anupama Parameswaran's Horror Thriller Kishkindhapuri Gets Release Date |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/regional-cinema/bellamkonda-sreenivas-anupama-parameswarans-horror-thriller-kishkindhapuri-gets-release-date-ws-l-9496006.html |access-date=2025-09-22 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== Plot ==
In 1989, in the fictional village of Kishkindhapuri, the owners of 'Suvarna Maya', a radio station, are about to lock the doors at midnight when the lights go off, and a malevolent spirit uses the radios and speakers to communicate with the owners. Luring them into the basement, the spirit kills all of them gruesomely, leaving their bodies arranged in the shape of a [[swastika]]. The station is later closed permanently, with [[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]]s performed by [[exorcist]]s to ward off the spirit by sealing the doors with [[talisman]]s and [[trishula]]s.

After 30 years, Raghava, his girlfriend Mythili "Mythu" and his friend Sumith are members of a ghost walking tour company, which takes tourists and locals to places, that the trio claim is haunted. However, the tours are fraudulent, with the company intending to script the incidents and the events of the entire tour, so that they can raise awareness and make the people be unafraid. As part of their next trip, Raghava's boss lets the tourists choose their location, which turns out to be 'Suvarna Maya' and they arrive at the location. Raghava breaks the talismans and the tourists enter the building. Unnoticed by them, the spirit enters the building along with them.

After the tourists experience eerie happenings around the place, they attempt to leave, only to find their van burning. The next morning, a local boy warns Raghava and Mythu about the radio station and tells them that the spirit will kill them. The next day all the twelve people receive a haunting notice from the spirit through the radios they brought with them that they will die for entering its domain and also expresses gratitude for re-starting the Suvarna Maya telecasts. As told, the spirit kills three tourists; each marked with a swastika. Raghava investigates Suvarna Maya, but locals stay silent out of fear. He discovers the station was supposedly haunted by Vedavathi, the first and last speaker of the station, and its owners died violently. When the spirit targets Moksha, Raghava burns the radios and taunts the ghost, exposing it as Visravaputra—a man posing as a woman. Enraged, Visrava vows to kill Raghava next, gruesomely.

Raghava, Mythu, and Sumith learn from Vedhavati's parents about Bhushana Varma, Visrava's mentor. Visrava, born during a [[lunar eclipse]] with a limp, was shunned by his father but doted on by his mother. He later killed his father after he assaulted his mother. He excelled under Varma's guidance and won a radio audition in 1989, but Vedhavati was credited as the winner. Furious, Visrava confronted the station owners and vanished mysteriously, with rumours that the owners killed him. The trio later discovers Varma had died years ago, and that Visrava had impersonated him. Visrava later rams the trio's car, injuring them, and then possesses Mythu in the hospital and attempts to kill Raghava, who incapacitates the possessed Mythu.

Raghava recalls seeing gas canisters in the radio station basement and confronts Surendhar, the supplier. Surendhar reveals that his brother Vaali Kumar, one of the owners of the station, loved Vedhavati and made her the station's speaker, which enraged Visrava, who publicly humiliated Vedhavati, leading to her suicide. In retaliation, Vaali and the other owners locked Visrava in the basement and tortured him with [[Sarin]] nerve gas for 12 days, resulting in his death, and buried him near the railway tracks. Surendhar also reveals that Visrava's mother died giving birth to him and he became an introvert who started talking to the things in his house. He found a magic handheld mirror one day and found his mother's reflection and used it to reflect his mother's affection towards him. His father threw away the mirror, prompting Visrava to kill him, becoming a psychopath in the process.

Later, they meet the successor of the Swamiji who performed the exorcism on the radio station and learn that Visrava tried to enter the station to retrieve the mirror but was thwarted by his predecessor. Raghava and his group accidentally broke the mirror, making Visrava believe that they killed his mother, and hence he wanted to kill them. The Swamiji suggests that they bring a belonging associated with Visrava to destroy him. Raghava lets Visrava possess him and fights with him, learning that Visrava's locket is the only way to lock him. He has Mythu get the locket from the basement and gives it to the Swamiji, who locks Visrava in a dome. A few days later, Raghava and Mythu are speaking about their future during their vacation when Raghava asks Mythu how Visrava saw his mother's reflection and how he became a monster from being innocent only after getting the mirror and asked the question that 'Is his monstrous nature his own or his mother's?, revealing that Visrava's mother's spirit was the reflection Visrava was seeing the whole time.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Bellamkonda Sai Sreenivas]] as Raghava
* [[Anupama Parameswaran]] as Mythili, Raghava’s love-interest
* [[Sandy (choreographer)|Sandy]] as Visravaputra
* [[Sudharshan]] as Sumith, Raghava’s bestfriend
* [[Tanikella Bharani]] as Bhushana Varma, Visravaputra’s teacher
* [[Hyper Aadi]] as Vihari
* [[Srikanth Iyengar]] as Murugan
* [[Makarand Deshpande]] as Swamiji
* [[Prema (Kannada actress)|Prema]] as Visravaputra’s mother
* [[Sunil Reddy]] as Surendhar, the KDA Chemical factory manager
* Anantha Prabhu as Visravaputra’s father
* Dr. Bhadram as Athreya, Murugan’s assistant
* Baby Ashvika as Moksha, one of the tourists and Raghava's neighbour
* Srinivas Vadlamani as Viswas Kumar, Raghava and Mythili’s boss
* Thanuja Madhurapanthula as Vedavati, Visravaputra’s rival
* Alapati Lakshmi as Vedavati’s mother
* Srinivas Bogireddy as Raghava’s father
}}

==Music==
The [[background score]] and the film soundtrack were composed by [[Chaitan Bharadwaj]]. Suhas Sistu of ''[[the Hans India]]'', described Bharadwaj's melodious track as a "blend of modern beats with an orchestral touch, which feels both fresh and timeless." He also praised Purna Chari’s lyrics, expressing how it beautifully articulated the love and chemistry between the hero and the heroine. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sistu |first=Suhas |date=2025-08-07 |title=‘Undipove Naathone’ offers romantic glimpse into ‘Kishkindhapuri’ |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/undipove-naathone-offers-romantic-glimpse-into-kishkindhapuri-994803 |access-date=2025-10-19 |website=thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 13:26
| title1 = Undipove Naathone
| extra1 = [[Javed Ali]]
| length1 = 3:03
| lyrics1 = Purna Chari
| title2 = Needi Naadi O Chiru Lokam
| extra2 = [[S. P. Charan]]
| length2 = 3:09
| lyrics2 = Purna Chari
| title3 = Dheeroddharanam
| extra3 = [[Sweekar Agasthi]]
| title4 = Kishkindhapuri Theme
| length4 = 2:57
| lyrics4 = {{ndash}}
| extra4 = {{ndash}}
| length3 = 4:17
| lyrics3 = Shubham Vishwanath
}}

==Release==
''Kishkindhapuri'' was released on 12 September 2025 and OTT release to 24.Oct.2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-15 |title=Kishkindhapuri: OTT Details Revealed |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/ott/kishkindhapuri-ott-details-revealed-1903804 |access-date=2025-09-22 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref> The satellite television and digital streaming rights were acquired by [[Zee Telugu]], [[Zee Tamil]] and [[ZEE5]] respectively.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-09-17 |title=Kishkindhapuri OTT release: Where to watch Bellamkonda Srinivas, Anupama Parameswaran's Telugu horror movie after theatrical run |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/kishkindhapuri-ott-release-where-to-watch-bellamkonda-srinivas-anupama-parameswarans-telugu-horror-movie-after-theatrical-run/articleshow/123841194.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-09-22 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Writing for [[The Times of India|''The Times of India'']], Shreya Varanasi rated the film 3 out of 5 and stated that the film is "a decent attempt that delivers on suspense and performances but falls short with its emotional depth, pacing, and technical execution".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kishkindhapuri Movie Review: A haunted ride of chilling scares and occasional slips |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/kishkindhapuri/movie-review/123858610.cms |access-date=2025-09-22 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> BH Harsh of [[Cinema Express|''Cinema Express'']] too gave the same rating and praised the storytelling and direction of Koushik Pegallapati.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harsh |first=B. H. |date=2025-09-12 |title=Kishkindhapuri Movie Review: Many surprises await in this cinematically curious thriller |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/review/2025/Sep/12/kishkindhapuri-movie-review-many-surprises-await-in-this-cinematically-curious-thriller |access-date=2025-09-22 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> [[Telangana Today|''Telangana Today'']] praised the story writing, lead actors' performances, background score and cinematography.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-13 |title=Kishkindhapuri Review: Thrill for horror fans |url=https://telanganatoday.com/kishkindhapuri-review-thrill-for-horror-fans |access-date=2025-09-22 |website=Telangana Today |language=en}}</ref> [[The Hindu|''The Hindu'']] too appreciated the actors' performance while being critical towards the screenplay and execution.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nadadhur |first=Srivathsan |date=2025-09-12 |title='Kishkindhapuri' movie review: Bellamkonda Sreenivas' horror thriller is watchable, but plays it safe |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kishkindhapuri-movie-review-bellamkonda-sreenivas-and-anupama-parameswarans-horror-thriller-is-watchable/article70037199.ece |access-date=2025-09-22 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Box office==
The film was Srinivas's first commercial success at the box office in six years, since [[Ramesh Varma]]'s Telugu adaptation of ''Ratsasan'', [[Rakshasudu (2019 film)|''Rakshasudu'']].

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|32175880|Kishkindhapuri}}

[[Category:2025 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:Indian horror thriller films]]
[[Category:Telugu-language thriller films]]
[[Category:2025 horror thriller films]]
[[Category:Films set in the 1980s]]
[[Category:Films scored by Chaitan Bharadwaj]]

Dharamrao Baba Atram

2026-04-22T03:10:53Z

Sovrenn:

{{Short description|Indian leader of Nationalist Congress Party}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Dharamraobaba Atram
| native_name =
| image =
| office = [[Eknath Shinde ministry|Cabinet Minister]] [[Government of Maharashtra]]
| subterm = '''Cabinet'''
| suboffice = *[[Eknath Shinde ministry]]
| minister = *[[Ministry of Food and Drug Administration (Maharashtra)|Food & Drug Administration]]
| term_start = 14 July 2023
| term_end = 26 November 2024
| 1blankname = [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata = *[[Eknath Shinde]]
| 2blankname = [[List of deputy chief ministers of Maharashtra|Deputy CM]]
| 2namedata = *[[Devendra Fadnavis]] ''(First)''
*[[Ajit Pawar]] ''(Second)''
| 3blankname = Guardian Minister
| 3namedata = *Gondiya
| governor = *[[Ramesh Bais]]
*[[C. P. Radhakrishnan]]
| predecessor = [[Sanjay Rathod]]
| successor = [[Narhari Zirwal]]
| office1 = Member of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start1 = (1990-1995), (1999-2004), (2004-2009), (2019-2024), (2024-Present)
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 = [[Raje Ambrishrao Raje Satyawan Rao Atram]]
| successor1 =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1953|10|20}}
| birth_place = [[Aheri, Gadchiroli|Aheri Rajwada]], Dist.[[Gadchiroli District]]
| occupation = [[Politician]]
| children = Bhagyashree Aatram
| party = [[Nationalist Congress Party]]
| constituency1 = [[Aheri Assembly constituency|Aheri-Sironcha]]
| profession =
| spouse =
| sibling =
| website =
}}

'''Dharamraobaba Bhagwantrao Atram''' is an Indian leader of [[Nationalist Congress Party]] and minister of Maharashtra government a member of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] elected from [[Aheri Assembly constituency]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title=Aheri (Maharashtra) Assembly Election Results 2019 Live: Winner, Runner-up|url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/aheri-maharashtra-assembly-election-chunav-results-2019-live-winner-name-runner-up-6073925/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101234049/https://indianexpress.com/elections/aheri-maharashtra-assembly-election-chunav-results-2019-live-winner-name-runner-up-6073925/|archive-date=1 November 2022 |access-date=1 November 2022 |website= [[The Indian Express]] |language=English
}}</ref> in [[Gadchiroli]] city.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 November 2022 |title=Aatram Dharamraobaba Bhagwantrao(Nationalist Congress Party(NCP)):Constituency- AHERI (ST) (GADCHIROLI) Affidavit Information of Candidate|url=https://myneta.info/maharashtra2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=9066 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101232715/https://myneta.info/maharashtra2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=9066 |archive-date=1 November 2022 |access-date=1 November 2022 |website= [[Association for Democratic Reforms|myneta.info]] |language=English
}}</ref>

==Positions held==
* 2019: Elected to [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 October 2019 |title=राज्यातील विजयी उमेदवारांची यादी येथे पाहा|url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/maharashtra/mumbai-news/vidhan-sabha-nivadnuk-list-of-winning-candidates-in-the-state/articleshow/71749478.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026162142/https://maharashtratimes.com/maharashtra/mumbai-news/vidhan-sabha-nivadnuk-list-of-winning-candidates-in-the-state/amp_articleshow/71749478.cms |archive-date=26 October 2022 |access-date=26 October 2022 |website= [[Maharashtra Times]] |language=Marathi
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 October 2019 |title=Maharashtra Election 2019 Winners Full List: Check full list of winning candidates in Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha Chunav 2019 |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/maharashtra-assembly-election-2019-winners-full-list/1744244/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026205732/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/maharashtra-assembly-election-2019-winners-full-list/1744244/ |archive-date=26 October 2022 |access-date=26 October 2022 |website=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]|language=English
}}</ref>
* 2023: Appointed cabinet Minister in government of Maharashtra in ministry of Food & Drug (Administration) in Maharashtra in Eknath Shinde Ministry

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Atram, Dharamraobaba}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 1990–1995]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 1999–2004]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2004–2009]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Nationalist Congress Party politicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:People from Gadchiroli]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Maharashtra-NCP-politician-stub}}

Ritu Tawde

2026-04-20T10:39:39Z

Sovrenn: Made entry

{{Short description|Mayor of Mumbai}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ritu Tawde
| image = Ritu Tawde official portrait.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = 18 April 1972
| birth_place = Mumbai, Maharashtra.
| birth_name =
| office = [[List of mayors of Mumbai|Mayor of Mumbai]]
| term_start = 7 February 2026
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Kishori Pednekar]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] {{small|(2012-Present)}}
| other_party = [[Indian National Congress]] {{small|(Before 2012)}}
| children = 2
| spouse = Rajesh Madhukar Tawde
}}

'''Ritu Rajesh Tawde''' (born 18 April 1972) is an Indian politician who is currently serving as the mayor of Mumbai (head of the [[Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation]]) since February 2026. A senior leader of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP), she previously served as a corporator from Ghatkopar and chaired the BMC Education Committee. She is the first mayor elected after the long-delayed BMC civic polls concluded in early 2026.<ref name="TOI2026">{{cite news |last=Staff |first=TOI |title=Ritu Tawde elected as the new Mayor of Mumbai |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/ritu-tawde-of-bjp-elected-as-mumbai-mayor/articleshow/13456789.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=7 February 2026 |access-date=7 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-02-07 |title=Who is BJP's Ritu Tawde, named as Mahayuti candidate for Mumbai mayor? |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/who-is-bjp-ritu-tawde-named-as-mumbais-new-mayor-by-mahayuti-101770444274844-amp.html |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref name="BJP picked Ritu Tawde as Mumbai Mayor due to Marathi backing for Sena (UBT) and MNS: Raut">{{cite news |title=BJP picked Ritu Tawde as Mumbai Mayor due to Marathi backing for Sena (UBT) and MNS: Raut |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/maharashtra/bjp-picked-ritu-tawde-as-mumbai-mayor-due-to-marathi-backing-for-sena-ubt-and-mns-raut/article70606968.ece |access-date=11 February 2026 |publisher=The Hindu |date=8 February 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260211080726/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/maharashtra/bjp-picked-ritu-tawde-as-mumbai-mayor-due-to-marathi-backing-for-sena-ubt-and-mns-raut/article70606968.ece |archive-date=11 February 2026 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

==Political career==
Tawde began her political journey with [[Indian National Congress]] party and She joined the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] from the Congress in 2012 and is regarded within the party as a senior corporator and an aggressive Marathi face. She represented Ward No. 127 (Ghatkopar) as a corporator for multiple terms and currently represents Ward 132.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-02-07 |title=Who is Ritu Tawde, two-time corporator named BJP's mayoral candidate |url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/new-updates/who-is-ritu-tawde-two-time-corporator-named-bjps-mayoral-candidate/amp_articleshow/128026329.cms |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=The Economic Times |language=en}}</ref>

===Election as Mayor (2026)===
Following the BMC elections held in January 2026, the BJP emerged as the largest party. Ritu Tawde was nominated by the party for the mayoral post. On 7 February 2026, she won the election held at the BMC headquarters (Town Hall), defeating the opposition alliance candidate.<ref name="Hindustan2026">{{cite news |title=BJP's Ritu Tawde takes oath as Mumbai Mayor |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/ritu-tawde-sworn-in-as-mumbai-mayor-101707293456.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=7 February 2026}}</ref>

In her inaugural speech, she emphasized "Urban Transformation" and "Monsoon Preparedness" as her top priorities for the city.<ref name="MidDay26">{{cite news |title=My priority is a flood-free Mumbai: Mayor Ritu Tawde |url=https://www.mid-day.com/mumbai/mumbai-news/article/ritu-tawde-outlines-vision-for-mumbai-mayor-2026-123456 |work=Mid-Day |date=7 February 2026}}</ref>

==Positions held==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
|- style="background:#efefef;"
! Period !! Position !! Organization
|-
| style="border-left: 5px solid #FF9933;" | 2012–2017 || Chairperson, Education Committee || [[Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation]]
|-
| style="border-left: 5px solid #FF9933;" | 2007–2022 || Corporator, Ward 127 (Ghatkopar) || [[Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation]]
|-
| style="border-left: 5px solid #FF9933;" | 2026–present || Corporator, Ward 132 || [[Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation]]
|-
| style="border-left: 5px solid #FF9933;" | 2026–present || '''Mayor of Mumbai''' || [[Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation]]
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tawde, Ritu}}
[[Category:Mayors of Mumbai]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Women in Maharashtra politics]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Marathi politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:1972 births]]

R. Ramachandran (politician)

2026-04-20T08:55:32Z

Sovrenn: Made new details...

{{Short description|Indian politician (1952–2023)}}
{{More citations needed|date=November 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = R. Ramachandran ആര്‍ രാമചന്ദ്രൻ
| image = R.Ramachandran.jpg
| caption =
| honorific_suffix = MLA

| constituency_AM = [[Karunagappally (State Assembly constituency)|Karunagappally]]
| assembly = Kerala Legislative
| majority =
| term_start = 19 May 2016
| term_end = 2 May 2021
| predecessor = [[C. Divakaran]]
| successor = [[C. R. Mahesh]]
| constituency = [[Karunagappally (State Assembly constituency)]]

| birth_date = {{birth date|1952|10|15|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Kallelibhagom]], [[Karunagappally]], [[Travancore–Cochin]], India
| death_date = {{death date and age|2023|11|21|1952|10|15|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]], India
| party = [[Communist Party of India]]
| alma_mater =
| website =
}}

'''R. Ramachandran''' (15 October 1952 – 21 November 2023) was an Indian politician in the [[Communist Party of India]]. He served as the member of [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Karunagappally (State Assembly constituency)|Karunagappally]] from 2016 to 2021.<ref>{{cite web
| title= R. Ramachandran:MLA from Karunagappally
| url= http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/14kla/Members-Eng/96%20Ramachandran%20R.pdf
| accessdate= 2 November 2019
| website= www.niyamasabha.org}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web
| title= MLAs in Kerala
| url= http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/members.htm
| accessdate= 11 November 2019
| website= www.niyamasabha.org}}</ref>

==Death==
Ramachandran died of liver disease at a hospital in [[Kochi]], on 21 November 2023, at the age of 71.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.abplive.com/kerala/kerala-cpi-leader-and-former-mla-r-ramachandran-passes-away-1644149|title=Kerala: CPI Leader And Former MLA R Ramachandran Passes Away|date=21 November 2023|access-date=21 November 2023|website=[[ABP News]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ramachandran, R.}}
[[Category:1952 births]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India politicians from Kerala]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 2016–2021]]
[[Category:Deaths from liver disease]]
[[Category:Politicians from Kollam district]]

Mahima Kumari Mewar

2026-04-20T01:43:30Z

Sovrenn: Stub

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| image =
| constituency = [[Rajsamand Lok Sabha constituency|Rajsamand]]
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| term_start = 4 June 2024
| predecessor = [[Diya Kumari]]
| spouse = [[Vishvaraj Singh Mewar]]
| education =
| alma_mater =
| birth_date =
| mother =
| father =
| birth_place =
| other_party = [[National Democratic Alliance]]
| country = {{flag|India}}
| source =
}}

'''Mahima Kumari Mewar''' ({{IPA|hi|məɦɪmaː kʊmaːɾiː meːʋaːɽ}}) is an Indian politician from [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. She was elected as a [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of parliament]] from [[Rajsamand Lok Sabha constituency|Rajsamand]] in the [[2024 Indian general election|2024 general election of India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2022.htm|title=Election result.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Rajsamand, Rajasthan Lok Sabha Election Results 2024 Live: Rajsamand लोकसभा सीट पर Mahima Kumari Mewar को मिली बड़ी जीत, 392223 वोटोंं से Dr. Damodar Gurjar को किया पराजित |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/lok-sabha-election-2024/story/rajsamand-rajasthan-lok-sabha-election-results-2024-live-updates-chunav-parinam-news-in-hindi-1957740-2024-06-04 |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=जयपुर |first=संतोष कुमार पांडेय |title=राजस्थान की बड़ी जीत मेवाड़ के पूर्व राजघराने की बहू के नाम, जीत के बाद कहा- 'मुझे राजनीति...' |url=https://www.abplive.com/states/rajasthan/mahima-kumari-mewar-bjp-candidate-from-former-mewar-royal-family-won-rajsamand-ann-2707658 |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=ABP News |date=4 June 2024 |language=hi}}</ref>

== Royal and political legacy ==

She is daughter of Maharaj Jagdishwari Prasad Singh Deo of Panchkote Zamindari estate situated on the Western Frontiers of Bengal and Rajmata Vidya Devi of Bandhi Talukdari in Madhya Pradesh, and has issues, one daughter and a son.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Panchkote (Zamindari) |url=https://www.indianrajputs.com/view/panchkot|language=en}}</ref> She married [[Vishvaraj Singh Mewar]], [[Maharana]] of Udaipur on 8 May 1997, and has issues, one daughter and a son. H.H Maharani Saheba, is also an Indian politician. She has been elected as a Member of parliament from [[Rajsamand]] in the [[18th Lok Sabha]] of Union Government of India.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== See also ==

*[[2024 Indian general election in Rajasthan]]
*[[List of National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 2024 Indian general election|List of NDA candidates for 2024 Indian general elections]]
{{18th Lok Sabha members from Rajasthan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mewar, Mahima Kumari}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:India MPs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Candidates in the 2024 Indian general election]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Gurudev: On the Plateau of the Peak

2026-04-19T22:52:27Z

Sovrenn:

{{short description|2018 biography by Bhanumathi Narasimhan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox book
| italic title = 
| name = Gurudev: On the Plateau of the Peak
| image = Gurudev-Book-06.png
| image_size =
| border =
| alt =
| caption =
| author = Bhanumathi Narasimhan
| audio_read_by =
| title_orig =
| orig_lang_code = EN
| title_working =
| translator =
| illustrator =
| cover_artist =
| country = India
| language = [[English language|English]], [[Hindi]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]], [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
| series =
| release_number =
| subject = [[Biography]] & [[Autobiography]] of [[Sri Sri Ravi Shankar]]
| genre = Non-fiction
| set_in =
| publisher = [[Westland Books|Westland Publications]]
| publisher2 =
| pub_date =
| english_pub_date =
| published =
| release_date = January 2018
| media_type = Print ([[hardcover]] / [[paperback]])
| pages = 207 pp
| awards = Listed in [[Hindustan Times]]' [[Nielsen BookScan|Nielsen Top 10 lists]], a prominent bestseller listing and retained its presence for months
| isbn = 9789386850577
| isbn_note = Other {{isbn|938685080X}}, {{isbn|9789386850577}}
| oclc =
| dewey =
| congress =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| native_wikisource =
| wikisource =
| notes =
| exclude_cover =
| website =
}}

'''''Gurudev: On the Plateau of the Peak''''' is a biography of [[Ravi Shankar (spiritual leader)|Ravi Shankar]], a spiritual leader and founder of [[The Art of Living Foundation]].<ref>{{cite news|last1= Vakkalanka|first1=Harshini |title=Like a flowing river|url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/like-a-flowing-river/article22421265.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=11 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Gurudev: On the Plateau of the Peak - TheWeek|url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/leisure/on-the-plateau-of-the-peak-book-extracts.html|work=[[The Week (Indian magazine)]]|date=21 January 2018}}</ref> The author of the book is his sister Bhanumathi Narasimhan.<ref>{{cite news|title=The art of Loving Sri Sri Ravi Shankar|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/2018/jan/06/the-art-of-loving--sri-sri-ravi-shankar-1744785.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111011042/http://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/2018/jan/06/the-art-of-loving--sri-sri-ravi-shankar-1744785.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 January 2018|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=6 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Learn the art of effortless meditation|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Hyderabad-Tab/2018-05-03/Learn-the-art-of-effortless-meditation/378489|work=[[The Hans India]]|date=3 May 2018}}</ref>

==Overview==
''Gurudev: On the Plateau of the Peak'' is about the life of [[Sri Sri Ravi Shankar]] from his childhood days to the days spent by him in the company of saints as a teenager, from being a young meditation teacher to a revered spiritual master.<ref name="indiatimes">{{cite news|title=আলোয় আলোকময় করে হে এলে কোন শক্তি রক্ষা করে চলেছিল শিশুটিকে? শ্রীশ্রী রবি শঙ্করের পারিবারিক পটভূমি|url=https://eisamay.indiatimes.com/sunday-special-rabibaroari/cover-story/gurudev-on-the-plateau-of-the-peak-sri-sri-ravi-shankar/articleshow/62617610.cms|work=[[Times Internet]]|language=bn |date=23 January 2018}}</ref>

The book begins with the story of the historic peace negotiations with the FARC in [[Havana|Havana, Cuba]] resulting in the FARC's new vision of non-violence. Tracing back to the beginning, the book jumps to [[Sri Sri Ravi Shankar]]'s birth and tells about his childhood's incidents and also describes how his decision to take sanyas was received by his family.<ref name="indiatimes"/>

His decision to start on his own, the creation of Sudarshan Kriya, his transformative art of breathing, his early teaching days, the beginning of The Art of Living ashram, his travels to various countries teaching The Art of Living programs to people from diverse walks of life, his choice to venture into the [[Red Zone (Iraq)|red zone]] in [[Iraq]] and the no-man's land in [[Sri Lanka]] to bring trauma relief, the promotion of yoga and meditation as a universal solution for healing and physical and mental peace, the [[World Cultural Festival]] where he brought together close to 3.5 million people in [[New Delhi]], [[India]] in March 2016 to celebrate human values – the book shares anecdotes and insights associated with his life choices as a spiritual master and humanitarian.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sri Sri's Sister Bhanumathi Narsimhan Shares Untold Stories Of Her Famous Brother And Master In Her New Book "Gurudev - On The Plateau Of The Peak"|url=https://m.dailyhunt.in/news/india/english/india+education+diary-epaper-indedu/sri+sri+s+sister+bhanumathi+narsimhan+shares+untold+stories+of+her+famous+brother+and+master+in+her+new+book+gurudev+on+the+plateau+of+the+peak-newsid-79151819|work=[[Dailyhunt]]|date=2 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Sri Sri Ravi Shankar's Sister: At School, Teachers Came To My Brother For Advice|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/sri-sri-ravi-shankar-sister-at-school-teachers-came-to-my-brother-for-advice/18929181|work=[[Mid-Day]]|date=13 January 2018}}</ref>

==Editions==
The book has been published in [[English language|English]] ({{ISBN|9789386850577}}) in 2018 by [[Westland Books|Westland Publications]].<ref>{{cite news|title=The Launching of Gurudev: On the Plateau of the Peak; – A biography of SriSri Ravishankar by his sister, Smt. Bhanumathi Narasimhan|url=https://www.religionworld.in/the-launching-of-gurudev-on-the-plateau-of-the-peak-a-biography-of-srisri-ravishankar-by-his-sister-smt-bhanumathi-narasimhan/|work=ReligionWorld.in|date=11 January 2018}}</ref> It has been translated into [[Hindi language|Hindi]] ({{ISBN|9789387578449}}), [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ({{ISBN| 9789387578302}}), [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] ({{ISBN|9789547339675}}), [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] ({{ISBN|9786099507248}}), [[Marathi language|Marathi]] ({{ISBN|9789387894082}}), [[Bengali language|Bengali]] ({{ISBN|9789387894099}}), [[Kannada language|Kannada]] ({{ISBN|9789387578845}}), [[Spanish language|Spanish]] ({{ISBN|9789874177063}}), [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] ({{ISBN|9788561634209}}), [[Chinese language|Chinese]] ({{ISBN|9789671687109}}) and [[Bahasa language|Bahasa]] ({{ISBN|9789386850577}}).<ref>{{cite book |title= Gurudev: On the Plateau of the Peak: The Life of Sri Sri Ravi Shankar|url= https://www.amazon.in/dp/B0778C88CK/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&btkr=1|isbn= 9789386850577|last1 = Narasimhan|first1 = Bhanumathi|year = 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Gurudev: on the Plateau of the Peak|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7NY8swEACAAJ|work=[[Google Books]]|isbn = 9789386850805|last1 = Narasimhan|first1 = Bhanumathi|date = 11 January 2018}}</ref>

==Author==
{{Unreferenced section|date=July 2025}}
Bhanumathi Narasimhan was born in [[Papanasam]], [[Tamil Nadu]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Books about spirituality]]
[[Category:Biographical books]]
[[Category:2018 non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Westland Books books]]

Huzur Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:27:30Z

Sovrenn: adding the post first draft

{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Huzur
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 155
| map_image = 155-Huzur.svg
| established = 2008
| mla = [[Rameshwar Sharma]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = Jitendra Daga
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| district = [[Bhopal district|Bhopal]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bhopal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhopal]]
| reservation = None
}}
'''Huzur''' is one of the 230 assembly constituencies of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. It is a part of [[Bhopal district|Bhopal]] district and came into existence in 2008 after the passing of the ''Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008''.<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref> As of 2023, it is represented by Rameshwar Sharma of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].{{update after|2029|2}}

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| Jitendra Daga<ref name=election2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3739-madhya-pradesh-2008/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=22 December 2021}}</ref><ref name="election2017">{{cite web|url=http://janpratinidhi.com/jeetendradaga-po3583.aspx |title=JEETENDRA DAGA : (BJP) Bharatiya Janata Party, MLA, Huzur Constituency |website=Janpratinidhi.com |access-date=2017-04-27}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<ref name=election2013>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3740-madhya-pradesh-2013/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=22 December 2021}}</ref><ref name="election2014">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaelections2014.info/assembly/madhya_pradesh/bhopal/huzur_madhya_pradesh_election_2013.html |title=huzur madhya pradesh assembly elections 2013 |website=Indiaelections2014.info |date=2013-11-25 |access-date=2017-04-27}}</ref> ||rowspan=3| [[Rameshwar Sharma]]
|-
| [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<ref name="election2018">{{cite web|url=https://mpelectionresult.com/huzur-vidhan-sabha-chunav-2018
|title=Huzur madhya pradesh assembly elections 2018 |website= mpelectionresult.com |date=2018-11-20 |access-date=2018-11-22}}</ref>
|-
| [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<ref name=election2018 name="election2018-1">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref>
|}

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Huzur<ref name="election2023">{{Cite web |title=Madhya Pradesh General Legislative Election 2023 Statistical Report |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/mp-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Rameshwar Sharma]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:177755}}
|percentage = 67.31
|change = +15.96
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Naresh Gyanchandani
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:79845}}
|percentage = 30.23
|change = -13.59
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2135}}
|percentage = 0.81
|change = -0.44
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:97910}}
|percentage = 37.08
|change = +29.55
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:264100}}
|percentage = 71.16
|change = +0.66
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Huzur<ref name="election2018"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Rameshwar Sharma]]
|votes = {{formatnum:107288}}
|percentage = 51.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Naresh Gyanchandani
|votes = {{formatnum:91563}}
|percentage = 43.82
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = D.K.Siraswal
|votes = {{formatnum:2316}}
|percentage = 1.11
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2605}}
|percentage = 1.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:15725}}
|percentage = 7.53
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:208944}}
|percentage = 70.5
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Bhopal district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{coord|23.239|77.282|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Bhopal district]]
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Animesh Kujur

2026-04-15T11:46:18Z

Sovrenn: adding new stub.

{{Short description|Indian athlete (born 2003)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Animesh Kujur
| image = Animesh Kujur (born 2003) at the Rhine-Ruhr 2025 FISU World University Games.png
| caption = At the [[Athletics at the 2025 Summer World University Games|2025 Summer World University Games]]
| alma mater = [[Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology]] [[Sainik School, Ambikapur|Sainik School]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2003|6|2|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Ghuitangar, [[Jashpur district|Jashpur]], [[Chhattisgarh]], India<ref>{{Cite web |title=Animesh Kujur |url=https://www.orisports.com/PersonDetails.aspx?pId=NjQ5OQ== |access-date=2023-10-16 |website=www.orisports.com}}</ref>
| height = 1.88 m
| sport = [[Track and field]]
| event = [[100 m]], [[200 m]]
| pb = ''[[100 m]]'': 10.18 '''{{AthAbbr|NR|Indian}}''' ([[Vari|2025]]) ''[[200 m]]'': 20.32 '''{{AthAbbr|NR|Indian}}''' ([[2025 Asian Athletics Championships|2025]])
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Sport of athletics|athletics]]}} [[File:Athletics pictogram.svg|30px]]
{{Medal|Country|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Athletics Championships|Asian Championships]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2025 Asian Athletics Championships|2025 Gumi]]|[[2025 Asian Athletics Championships – Men's 200 metres|200 m]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[FISU World University Games|World University Games]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2025 Summer World University Games|2025 Rhine-Ruhr]]|[[Athletics at the 2025 Summer World University Games – Men's 4 × 100 metres relay|4×100m]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[BRICS Games]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2024 BRICS Games|2024 Kazan]]|[[Athletics at the 2024 BRICS Games#Men|200 m]]}}
}}

'''Animesh Kujur''' (born 2 June 2003) is an Indian [[sprinting|sprinter]] who is the current national record holder in both the 100 metres and 200 metres events. In 2025, he made history by becoming the first-ever Indian male sprinter to qualify for the [[World Athletics Championships]].<ref name="times_nr">{{cite news |title=India's fastest man! Animesh Kujur shatters national record in men's 100m |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=2025-07-06}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Animesh Kujur was born in Ghuitangar village in the [[Jashpur district]] of [[Chhattisgarh]]. He attended Sainik School and later the [[Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology]] (KIIT). Coming from a humble background, he initially balanced his training with his duties as an employee of the Chhattisgarh Forest Department. He eventually moved to [[Bhubaneswar]] to train at the Odisha Reliance Foundation Athletics High Performance Centre under coach Martin Owens.<ref name="orisports">{{cite web |title=Animesh Kujur Profile |url=https://www.orisports.com |website=Orisports |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref>

== Career ==
Kujur rose to national prominence in 2023–2024, but his breakthrough year was 2025.

=== National Records and 2025 Season ===
In 2025, Kujur became the first Indian to run the 100m in under 10.2 seconds, clocking a national record of '''10.18 seconds'''. In the same season, at the Asian Athletics Championships in Gumi, South Korea, he set a new national record in the 200m with a time of '''20.32 seconds''', earning a bronze medal.<ref name="sportstar_200m">{{cite news |last=Selvaraj |first=Jonathan |title=Animesh Kujur: The gold standard of Indian sprinting |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com |work=[[Sportstar]] |date=2025-06-01}}</ref>

In August 2025, he officially confirmed his berth for the 2025 World Athletics Championships in Tokyo, becoming the first Indian male to achieve this in a short-sprint category.<ref name="mykhel">{{cite news |title=Animesh Kujur makes History, becomes first Indian Male Sprinter to qualify for World Championships |url=https://www.mykhel.com |work=MyKhel |date=2025-08-24}}</ref>

== Personal Bests ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Event !! Time (seconds) !! Venue !! Date
|-
| 100 metres || 10.18 '''[[National record|NR]]''' || Chennai, India || 6 July 2025
|-
| 200 metres || 20.32 '''[[National record|NR]]''' || Gumi, South Korea || 31 May 2025
|-
| 4×100 m relay || 38.69 '''[[National record|NR]]''' || Chandigarh, India || 30 April 2025
|}

== Awards and Recognitions ==
* '''Biju Patnaik Sports Award (2024):''' Named "Sportsperson of the Year" by the Government of Odisha on National Sports Day (August 29, 2025) for his record-breaking feats.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sprinter Animesh Kujur receives Biju Patnaik Sports Award |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=2025-08-30}}</ref>
* **Best Athlete Award:** Conferred at various Inter-State and National Open Athletics Championships.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{World Athletics|14971002}}

[[Category:2003 births]]
[[Category:Indian men sprinters]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Athletes from Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:People from Jashpur district]]

Virajpet Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:49:35Z

Sovrenn: stub!

{{Short description|Constituency of the Karnataka legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Virajpet
| type = SLA
| reservation = None
| constituency_no = 209
| map_image = 209-Virajpet constituency.svg
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| district = [[Kodagu]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Mysore Lok Sabha constituency|Mysore]]
| established = 1956
| mla = [[A. S. Ponnanna]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = [[K. G. Bopaiah]]
| electors = {{formatnum:224936}} (2023)<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/15163-karnataka-2023/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |access-date=24 July 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|7}}
}}

'''Virajpet Assembly constituency''' is one of the 224 [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Karnataka]] and is one among the two assembly constituencies in [[Kodagu district]].

It is represented in the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] by [[A. S. Ponnanna]] of the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref name="2023ae">{{cite news |title=Virajpet Election 2023: Congress' AS Ponnanna defeats BJP's K G Bopaiah |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/politics/karnatka-virajpet-election-results-2023-live-updates-16643241.htm |access-date=17 May 2023 |work=cnbctv18.com |date=12 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

Virajpet Assembly constituency is a part of [[Mysore Lok Sabha constituency]]. From 1956 to 2008, it was a part of the erstwhile [[Mangalore Lok Sabha constituency]] and was merged with the Mysore Lok Sabha constituency in 2008 by the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]].<ref>{{cite news |title= Kodagu goes to LS polls with Mysore for first time |url= http://www.hindu.com/2009/04/12/stories/2009041251960300.htm |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090416201313/http://www.hindu.com/2009/04/12/stories/2009041251960300.htm |url-status= dead |archive-date= 16 April 2009 |date= 12 April 2009 |newspaper= [[The Hindu]] |access-date= 18 May 2014}}</ref> Virajpet was part of the erstwhile [[Coorg State]] until 1956, when under the [[States Reorganisation Act, 1956]], it became a part of [[Mysore State]] (now Karnataka).

== Electorate ==
The constituency has 2.1 lakh voters and has more male voters than female voters drawing a stark contrast from [[Madikeri Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Constituencies {{!}} Kodagu District, Government of Karnataka {{!}} India |url=https://kodagu.nic.in/en/constituencies/ |access-date=2025-05-13 |language=en-US}}</ref> It also has more [[Kodava people|Kodava]] voters than [[Vokkaliga|Gowdas]].The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] comprises 26.8% of the vote base with ST's outnumbering SC's. The electorate is predominantly [[Hindus]] with [[Muslims]] and [[Christians]] forming less than 16% of the vote base.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Temple entry row: It is Kodavas vs Arebhashe Gowdas in Kodagu- The Week |url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/statescan/2025/02/15/a-temple-entry-row-has-pitted-two-prominent-communities-in-kodagu-against-each-other.amp.html |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=www.theweek.in}}</ref> The constituency is more rural than [[Madikeri Assembly constituency|Madikeri]] with less than 10% urban voters.

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || [[C. M. Poonacha]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1959 elections in India#Mysore|1959 By-election]] {{efn|Resigned in 1959}} || K. P. Karumbaya || {{Full party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || A. P. Appanna || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || N. Lokayya Naik || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || rowspan="3" | G. K. Subhaiah || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || rowspan="2" | Suma Vasantha
|-
| [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
|-
| [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]] || H. D. Basavaraju || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || Suma Vasantha || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || H. D. Basavaraju || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || rowspan="3" | [[K. G. Bopaiah]]
|-
| [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|-
| [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|-
| [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]] || [[A. S. Ponnanna]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}
{{notelist}}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2023 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Virajpet <ref name="Virajpet Constituency Election Results 2023">{{cite news |title=Virajpet Constituency Election Results 2023 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/karnataka/constituency/virajpet-assembly-constituency-election-results-assembly-seat-details-mlas-candidates/articleshow/99305573.cms |access-date=29 March 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=5 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250329044057/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/karnataka/constituency/virajpet-assembly-constituency-election-results-assembly-seat-details-mlas-candidates/articleshow/99305573.cms |archive-date=29 March 2025}}</ref><ref name="Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Virajpet">{{cite news |title=Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Virajpet |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS10209.htm?ac=209 |access-date=29 March 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=13 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250329044236/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS10209.htm?ac=209 |archive-date=29 March 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[A. S. Ponnanna]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 83,791 |percentage = 49.94% |change = {{increase}}9.00 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[K. G. Bopaiah]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 79,500 |percentage = 47.38% |change = {{decrease}}2.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,636 |percentage = 0.98% |change = {{decrease}}0.12 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Manzoor Ali. M. A |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 1,121 |percentage = 0.67% |change = {{decrease}}6.44 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,291 |percentage = 2.56% |change = {{decrease}}5.90 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 167,817 |percentage = 74.61% |change = {{increase}}1.97 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 167,778}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 224,936 |ref = |change = {{increase}}3.44 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}0.54 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2018 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Virajpet }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[K. G. Bopaiah]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 77,944 |percentage = 49.40% |change = {{increase}}0.06 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Arun Machaiah. C. S |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 64,591 |percentage = 40.94% |change = {{decrease}}5.89 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sanketh Poovaiah. M |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 11,224 |percentage = 7.11% |change = {{increase}}2.80 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,733 |percentage = 1.10% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. D. Basavaraju |party = All India Mahila Empowerment Party |votes = 1,015 |percentage = 0.64% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,353 |percentage = 8.46% |change = {{increase}}5.96 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 157,967 |percentage = 72.64% |change = {{increase}}1.87 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 157,772}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 217,457 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.04 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}0.06 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2013 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Virajpet <ref>{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 : To the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |website=eci.nic.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=2014-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220034253/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[K. G. Bopaiah]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 67,250 |percentage = 49.34% |change = {{increase}}7.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Biddatanda. T. Pradeep |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 63,836 |percentage = 46.83% |change = {{increase}}18.01 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dambekodi Madappa |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 5,880 |percentage = 4.31% |change = {{decrease}}21.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vijayasingh. R. David |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,140 |percentage = 1.57% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Aiyappa. M. N |party = Badavara Shramikara Raitara Congress |votes = 972 |percentage = 0.71% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,414 |percentage = 2.50% |change = {{decrease}}10.46 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 142,447 |percentage = 70.77% |change = {{increase}}10.02 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 136,307}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 201,282 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.00 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}7.56 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Virajpet <ref>{{cite web |title=General Election Karnataka Legislative Assembly 2008 Election Statistics |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |publisher=Government of Karnataka |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201232433/https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[K. G. Bopaiah]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 48,605 |percentage = 41.78% |change = {{decrease}}9.70 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Veena Achaiah |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 33,532 |percentage = 28.82% |change = {{decrease}}10.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Arun Machaiah. C. S |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 29,920 |percentage = 25.72% |change = {{increase}}17.00 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Achapanda Giri Uthappa |party = Samajwadi Party |votes = 2,464 |percentage = 2.12% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kunhi Abdulla. K. M |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,825 |percentage = 1.57% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 15,073 |percentage = 12.96% |change = {{increase}}1.28 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 116,450 |percentage = 60.75% |change = {{increase}}2.07 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 116,346}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 191,703 |ref = |change = {{increase}}62.78 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}9.70 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Virajpet <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006204912/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = H. D. Basavaraju |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 35,550 |percentage = 51.48% |change = {{increase}}9.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Suma Vasantha |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 27,484 |percentage = 39.80% |change = {{decrease}}9.16 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mutha. P. S |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 6,023 |percentage = 8.72% |change = {{increase}}1.54 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,066 |percentage = 11.68% |change = {{increase}}4.51 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 69,109 |percentage = 58.68% |change = {{decrease}}2.35 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 69,057}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 117,767 |ref = |change = {{increase}}15.69 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}2.52 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Virajpet <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006053217/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Suma Vasantha |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 29,136 |percentage = 48.96% |change = {{increase}}16.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. D. Basavaraju |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 24,867 |percentage = 41.79% |change = {{increase}}5.92 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. B. Shanthappa |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 4,271 |percentage = 7.18% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = G. S. Pushkara |party = Independent politician |votes = 669 |percentage = 1.12% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = J. P. Raju |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 567 |percentage = 0.95% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,269 |percentage = 7.17% |change = {{increase}}4.24 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 62,122 |percentage = 61.03% |change = {{increase}}0.96 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 59,510}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 2,612 |percentage = 4.20% |change = {{increase}}2.11 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 101,793 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}1.46 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}13.09 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1994 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Virajpet <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006211324/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = H. D. Basavaraju |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 21,790 |percentage = 35.87% |change = {{increase}}25.16 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Suma Vasantha |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 20,009 |percentage = 32.93% |change = {{decrease}}20.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. B. Shanthappa |party = Janata Dal |votes = 16,693 |percentage = 27.48% |change = {{decrease}}0.68 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Motaiah. P. S |party = Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee |votes = 2,141 |percentage = 3.52% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,781 |percentage = 2.93% |change = {{decrease}}22.53 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 62,057 |percentage = 60.07% |change = {{increase}}1.20 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 60,755}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,297 |percentage = 2.09% |change = {{decrease}}3.41 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 103,300 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}4.09 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}17.75 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1989 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Virajpet <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007070737/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Suma Vasantha |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 32,124 |percentage = 53.62% |change = {{decrease}}1.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = G. S. Pushkara |party = Janata Dal |votes = 16,872 |percentage = 28.16% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Paniyeravara. P. Choma |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 6,416 |percentage = 10.71% |change = {{increase}}3.62 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. T. Devaraj |party = Janata Party |votes = 4,203 |percentage = 7.02% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 15,252 |percentage = 25.46% |change = {{increase}}8.57 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 63,398 |percentage = 58.87% |change = {{increase}}2.59 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 59,909}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 3,489 |percentage = 5.50% |change = {{increase}}4.22 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 107,700 |ref = |change = {{increase}}22.97 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}1.28 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Virajpet <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006143216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Suma Vasantha |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 26,716 |percentage = 54.90% |change = {{increase}}0.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. D. Rajan |party = Janata Party |votes = 18,496 |percentage = 38.01% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Appanna Rao. M. E |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 3,449 |percentage = 7.09% |change = {{decrease}}26.64 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,220 |percentage = 16.89% |change = {{decrease}}3.75 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 49,290 |percentage = 56.28% |change = {{increase}}2.63 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 48,661}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 629 |percentage = 1.28% |change = {{decrease}}0.84 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 87,582 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.75 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}0.52 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Virajpet <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124742/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = G. K. Subhaiah |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 22,581 |percentage = 54.38% |change = {{increase}}51.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Paniyeravara. P. Choma |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 14,009 |percentage = 33.73% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. T. Devaraj |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,938 |percentage = 11.89% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,572 |percentage = 20.64% |change = {{increase}}16.29 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 42,428 |percentage = 53.65% |change = {{decrease}}16.41 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 41,528}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 900 |percentage = 2.12% |change = {{decrease}}0.18 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 79,084 |ref = |change = {{increase}}3.68 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{increase}}5.90 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Virajpet <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007164123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = G. K. Subhaiah |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 25,309 |percentage = 48.48% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Paniyeravara. P. Choma |party = Janata Party |votes = 23,040 |percentage = 44.13% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. Lokayya Naik |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,258 |percentage = 4.33% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jenukurubara Annaiah Appu |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 1,601 |percentage = 3.07% |change = {{decrease}}60.64 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,269 |percentage = 4.35% |change = {{decrease}}24.79 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 53,438 |percentage = 70.06% |change = {{increase}}19.82 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 52,208}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,230 |percentage = 2.30% |change = {{increase}}2.30 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 76,274 |ref = |change = {{increase}}18.80 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}15.23 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Virajpet <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006074555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = G. K. Subhaiah |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 20,023 |percentage = 63.71% |change = {{increase}}16.10 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. Lokayya Naik |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 10,866 |percentage = 34.58% |change = {{decrease}}17.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. K. Narayana |party = Independent politician |votes = 537 |percentage = 1.71% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,157 |percentage = 29.14% |change = {{increase}}24.37 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 32,253 |percentage = 50.24% |change = {{decrease}}10.40 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 31,426}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 64,202 |ref = |change = {{increase}}32.74 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |swing = {{increase}}11.32 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Virajpet <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006083645/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = N. Lokayya Naik |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 14,444 |percentage = 52.39% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = A. N. Belli |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 13,128 |percentage = 47.61% |change = {{decrease}}2.94 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,316 |percentage = 4.77% |change = {{decrease}}22.73 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 29,328 |percentage = 60.64% |change = {{increase}}1.04 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 27,572}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 48,366 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}10.20 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}1.84 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Virajpet <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006093153/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = A. P. Appanna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 15,292 |percentage = 50.55% |change = {{increase}}4.33 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Checkera. B. Muthanna |party = Independent politician |votes = 6,973 |percentage = 23.05% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = I. R. Asranna |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 3,658 |percentage = 12.09% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = C. M. Bheemaiah |party = Swatantra Party |votes = 3,496 |percentage = 11.56% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. S. Nanaiah |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 832 |percentage = 2.75% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,319 |percentage = 27.50% |change = {{increase}}19.93 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 32,100 |percentage = 59.60% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 30,251}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 53,859 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Praja Socialist Party |swing = {{decrease}}3.23 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly By-election 1959 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1959 elections in India#Mysore|1959 Mysore State Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Virajpet <ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/2511-details-of-bye-elections-from-1952-to-1995/ |title=Details of Bye Elections from 1952 to 1995 |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=old.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = K. P. Karumbaya |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 16,076 |percentage = 53.78% |change = {{increase}}8.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. C. Ajjikuttira |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 13,814 |percentage = 46.22% |change = {{decrease}}8.63 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,262 |percentage = 7.57% |change = {{decrease}}2.12 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 29,890}}
{{Election box gain |winner = Praja Socialist Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}1.07 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1957 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Virajpet <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111195053/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[C. M. Poonacha]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 18,223 |percentage = 54.85% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kolera Karumbayya |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 15,002 |percentage = 45.15% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,221 |percentage = 9.69% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 33,225 |percentage = 71.30% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 33,225}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 46,602 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Karnataka}}
{{coords|12.2|75.8|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Kodagu district]]
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1956]]
[[Category:1956 establishments in Mysore State]]

Neha Goyal

2026-04-13T03:40:45Z

Sovrenn: Added

{{short description|Indian field hockey player}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox field hockey player
| name = Neha Goyal
| image = Neha Goyal.jpg
| caption = Goyal in August 2022
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1996|11|15|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Sonipat]], [[Haryana]], India
| height = 1.52 m
| weight = 54 kg
| position = Midfielder
| currentclub =
| years1 =
| clubs1 = Hockey Haryana
| caps1 =
| goals1 =
| years2 =
| clubs2 = [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]]
| caps2 =
| goals2 =
| years3 = 2025–
| clubs3 = [[Odisha Warriors]]
| caps3 =
| goals3 =
| nationalyears1 = 2014–
| nationalteam1 = [[India women's national field hockey team|India]]
| nationalcaps1 = 197
| nationalgoals1 = 23
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Women's [[field hockey]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Field hockey at the Asian Games|Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[Field hockey at the 2018 Asian Games|2018 Jakarta]]|[[Field hockey at the 2018 Asian Games – Women|Team]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[Field hockey at the 2022 Asian Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Field hockey at the 2022 Asian Games – Women's tournament|Team]]}}
{{MedalComp|[[Commonwealth Games]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[Hockey at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|2022 Birmingham]]|[[Hockey at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's tournament|Team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Women's Hockey Asia Cup|Asia Cup]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2017 Women's Hockey Asia Cup|2017 Gifu]]|}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2025 Women's Hockey Asia Cup|2025 Hangzhou]]|}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2022 Women's Hockey Asia Cup|2022 Muscat]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Women's Asian Champions Trophy|Asian Champions Trophy]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2023 Women's Asian Champions Trophy|2023 Ranchi]]|}}
{{MedalGold|[[2024 Women's Asian Champions Trophy|2024 Rajgir]]|}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2018 Women's Asian Champions Trophy|2018 Donghae]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Women's FIH Hockey Nations Cup|FIH Nations Cup]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2022 Women's FIH Hockey Nations Cup|2022 Spain]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Field hockey at the South Asian Games|South Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2016 South Asian Games|2016 Guwahati]]|[[Field Hockey at the 2016 South Asian Games – Women|Team]]}}
}}

'''Neha Goyal''' (born 15 November 1996) is an Indian [[field hockey]] player and is a member of the [[India women's national field hockey team|India national team]]. She plays as a midfielder.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://hockeyindia.org/team/neha-goyal-sr-2.html |title=Neha Goyal profile |website=hockeyindia.org |language=en-US |access-date=28 July 2018 |archive-date=18 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171118235009/http://hockeyindia.org/team/neha-goyal-sr-2.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> She captains the [[Odisha Warriors]] in [[Hockey India League]].

==Early life==
Goyal was born in [[Sonipat]] in [[Haryana]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |url=https://feminisminindia.com/2017/11/08/indian-womens-hockey-team/ |title=Meet The Players Of The Indian Women's Hockey Team |date=8 November 2017 |work=Feminism In India |access-date=28 July 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref> She comes from a poor family and has two elder sisters. Her father was an alcoholic and her mother as a daily wage worker in a cycle factory earning ₹2000/month making spoke.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/sports/we-the-people-how-neha-goyal-beat-the-odds-to-become-a-world-class-hockey-player-magazine-215738|title=Sonipat-born hockey player Neha Goyal turned her sleepless nights into medal heights. This is her story.|date=11 August 2022|website=Outlook India|accessdate=14 September 2025}}</ref> She and her family have struggled to take care of her basic requirements like shoes, hockey sticks, diet regime, etc.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/top-stories/Neha-breaks-barriers-to-make-a-mark/articleshow/10673400.cms |title=Neha breaks barriers to make a mark |work=The Times of India |access-date=28 July 2018}}</ref>

Goyal started playing hockey when she was 11.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-18 |title='Toxic' childhood to cycle factory to Indian hockey team for Tokyo Olympics |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/hockey/neha-goyal-indian-hockey-tokyo-olympics-7364040/ |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

Goyal began training in an academy run by former India captain [[Pritam Rani Siwach]]. Goyal completed her schooling from Tika Ram Senior Secondary Girls School.<ref name=":1" />

==Career==
Goyal made her debut in the senior Indian national team in 2014 and played her first match in [[Glasgow]] during the FIH ''Champions Challenge.''<ref name=":0" />

Goyal was part of the 18-member Indian team for the [[2018 Women's Hockey World Cup|2018 World Cup]] in [[London]]. In their opening match, India played against the host England, where Goyal gave India the lead in 25th minute before England equalised it and the match ended in a draw.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/womens-hockey-world-cup-2018-neha-goyal-scores-to-help-resolute-india-hold-england-to-a-draw-in-opening-clash-4791331.html |title=Women's Hockey World Cup 2018: Neha Goyal scores to help resolute India hold England to a draw in opening clash |website=Firstpost |date=21 July 2018 |access-date=28 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fih.ch/events/world-cup/world-cup-2018/hockey-world-cup-london-2018-w/news/latest-news/hockey-india-names-women-s-team-for-world-cup/ |title=Hockey India names women's team for World Cup |website=fih.ch |access-date=28 July 2018}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{sports links}}
*[https://www.hockeyindia.org/players/neha-profile-271 Neha Goyal] at [[Hockey India]]

{{Navboxes
|title=India squads
| bg = #0077FF
| fg = #FFFF40
|list1=
{{India FHW Squad 2017 Asia Cup}}
{{India FHW Squad 2018 World Cup}}
{{India FHW Squad 2018 Asian Games}}
{{India FHW Squad 2020 Summer Olympics}}
{{India FHW Squad 2022 Asia Cup}}
{{India FHW Squad 2022 World Cup}}
{{India FHW Squad 2022 Commonwealth Games}}
{{India FHW Squad 2022 Asian Games}}
{{India FHW Squad 2025 Asia Cup}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Goyal, Neha}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1996 births]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Sonipat]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Haryana]]
[[Category:Field hockey players from Haryana]]
[[Category:Indian women's field hockey players]]
[[Category:Women's field hockey midfielders]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2018 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games field hockey players for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2018 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2020 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic field hockey players for India]]
[[Category:South Asian Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:South Asian Games medalists in field hockey]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2022 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for India]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games field hockey players for India]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games bronze medallists in field hockey]]
[[Category:Medallists at the 2022 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists in field hockey]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists in field hockey]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]

Umesh Meena

2026-04-13T00:20:36Z

Sovrenn: new

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Umesh Meena
| image = {{CSS image crop |Image = MLA Umesh Meena.jpg |bSize = 500 |cWidth = 200|cHeight = 200 |oTop = 320 |oLeft = 85 |Location = center}}
| alt = MLA Umesh Meena
| caption = Umesh Meena in 2024
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1993|08|25|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Aspur Assembly constituency|Aspur]], [[Dungarpur]], [[Rajasthan]], India
| party = [[Bharat Adivasi Party]]
| spouse = {{Marriage|Kamla Ahari|2022}}
| office = [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Member of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Aspur Assembly constituency|Aspur]]
| term_start = 3 Dec 2023
| occupation = [[Politician]]
| children = 1 (Unnati)
| parents = Ratan Lal Meena (father) Ganga Devi (mother)
| alma_mater = [[Mohanlal Sukhadia University]] (BA, LLB)
| predecessor = [[Gopichand Meena]]
}}

'''Umesh Meena''' (born 25 August 1993) is an Indian politician and a Member of the [[2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]] from [[Aspur Assembly constituency]] as a Member of the [[Bharat Adivasi Party]]. He won the [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]] against [[Gopi Chand Meena]], a candidate of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] by securing 93,168 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Aspur Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: BADVP's Umesh Meena with 93168 defeats BJP's Gopichand |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/aspur-assembly-election-results-2023-live-2470774-2023-12-03 |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Aspur, Rajasthan Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: Aspur सीट पर Umesh Meena ने Gopichand कोहराया |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/story/aspur-rajasthan-assembly-election-results-2023-live-1830545-2023-12-03 |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref>

== Education ==
He graduated with a [[Bachelor of Arts|Bachelor of Arts (B.A.)]] in 2015 from [[Mohanlal Sukhadia University]]. Later, he pursued and completed a [[Bachelor of Laws|Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.)]] in 2022 from the same university.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://assembly.rajasthan.gov.in/Attachments/PDF/16Affidavits/23.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240702075611/https://assembly.rajasthan.gov.in/Attachments/PDF/16Affidavits/23.pdf | archive-date=2024-07-02 | title=Rajasthan Legislative Assembly }}</ref>

== Political career ==
In 2023, he secured victory in the 2023 elections as Member of legislative Assembly from Aspur Constituency, defeating [[Gopichand Meena]] with a significant margin of 28,086 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Aspur Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: BADVP's Umesh Meena with 93168 defeats BJP's Gopichand |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/aspur-assembly-election-results-2023-live-2470774-2023-12-03 |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> Meena had previously contested the Aspur seat in the 2018 elections but failed to win by 5,300 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ceorajasthan.nic.in/Vidhansabha%202018/DetailedResults.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=13 November 2023 |archive-date=13 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231113055457/https://ceorajasthan.nic.in/Vidhansabha%202018/DetailedResults.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

In addition to his role as an MLA, Meena currently serves as a Member of the Ethics Committee of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajasthan Legislative Assembly (Sr. No. 80) |url=https://assembly.rajasthan.gov.in/ErrorPage.aspx |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=assembly.rajasthan.gov.in}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Meena, Umesh}}
[[Category:1993 births]]
[[Category:Bharat Adivasi Party politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bhil people]]
[[Category:People from Dungarpur]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Mohanlal Sukhadia University alumni]]

Vaishnavi Ganatra

2026-04-06T18:23:58Z

Sovrenn: done!

{{Short description|Indian Actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}

'''Vaishnavi Ganatra''' is an Indian Actress.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Rakshabadhan' Actress Vaishnavi Ganatra Is Inspired By Co-Star Ajay Sharma |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/entertainment-news-rakshabadhan-actress-vaishnavi-ganatra-is-inspired-by-co-star-ajay-sharma/398460 |access-date=2022-02-10 |website=Outlook India |date=22 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=30 September 2021|title=Hamariwali Good News actress Vaishnavi Ganatra wants to work with Rupali Ganguly; here's why|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/hamariwali-good-news-actress-vaishnavi-ganatra-wants-to-work-with-rupali-ganguly-heres-why/articleshow/86643251.cms|author=Farzana Patowari}}</ref> She has appeared on TV shows like ''[[Hamari Wali Good News]],''<ref>{{cite news|date=28 September 2021|title=Hamariwali Good News actress Vaishnavi Ganatra on working with Juhi Parmar: She is the epitome of perfection|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/hamariwali-good-news-actress-vaishnavi-ganatra-on-working-with-juhi-parmar-she-is-the-epitome-of-perfection/articleshow/86585372.cms}}</ref> ''[[Rakshabandhan... Rasal Apne Bhai Ki Dhal]],''<ref>{{cite news|date=5 October 2021|title=Vaishnavi Ganatra joins Rakshabandhan Rasal Apne Bhai Ki Dhaal|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/vaishnavi-ganatra-joins-rakshabandhan-rasal-apne-bhai-ki-dhaal/articleshow/86774418.cms|author=Farzana Patowari}}</ref> ''[[Woh Toh Hai Albelaa]]'', ''[[Mauka-E-Vardaat]],'' ''[[Naagin 6]]'' and ''[[Teri Meri Doriyaann]]''

==Filmography==
=== Film ===
{{Pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Language !! Ott(s)
|-
| 2022||''[[The Ghost (2022 film)|The Ghost]]'' || Hrithi || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || [[Netflix]]
|-
| 2025 ||''[[Aachari Baa]]''|| Bilva || [[Hindi language|Hindi]] || [[JioHotstar]]
|-
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Show
! Role
! Channel
! Ref.
|-
| 2020
| ''[[Hamari Wali Good News]]''
| Aanchal Mishra
| [[Zee TV]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2021
| ''[[Mauka-E-Vardaat]]''
| Meenu Verma
| [[&TV]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| ''[[Rakshabandhan... Rasal Apne Bhai Ki Dhal]]''
| Kanak Shivraj Singh
| [[Dangal TV|Dangal]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Woh Toh Hai Albelaa]]''<ref name="Vaishnavi Ganatra: Establishing myself as a very good actor is on my to-do list now">{{cite news |last1=The Times of India |title=Vaishnavi Ganatra: Establishing myself as a very good actor is on my to-do list now |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/vaishnavi-ganatra-establishing-myself-as-a-very-good-actor-is-on-my-to-do-list-now/articleshow/91724419.cms |access-date=3 May 2024 |date=22 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503120304/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/vaishnavi-ganatra-establishing-myself-as-a-very-good-actor-is-on-my-to-do-list-now/articleshow/91724419.cms |archive-date=3 May 2024}}</ref>
| Priya Sharma
| [[Star Bharat]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2023
|''[[Teri Meri Doriyaann]]''
| Ekam Kaur Brar
| [[Star Plus]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| ''[[Naagin 6]]''
| Tina Ahlawat
| [[Colors TV]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| 2025–present
| ''[[Jagadhatri (TV series)|Jagadhatri]]''
| Aarna Deshmukh
| [[Zee TV]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|}

===Web series===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Language !! Ref(s)
|-
| 2020 || ''[[Abhay (TV series)|Abhay 2]]'' || Young Sonam || rowspan="2" | Hindi ||
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Heeramandi]] '' || Young Waheeda ||
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|12745424|Vaishnavi Ganatra}}
* {{Instagram|vaishnaviganatraofficial}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ganatra, Vaishnavi}}
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]

{{India-screen-actor-stub}}

D. B. Singh

2026-04-04T16:21:21Z

Sovrenn: Starting First Biography W/ Refs

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Dinesh Singh
| image = Dinesh Bahadur Singh - Secretary Rajya Sabha.png
| image_size = 140px
| alt =
| caption =
| order =
| office = [[Secretary to the Government of India|Secretary]] of Rajya Sabha Secretariat
| term_start = 2015
| term_end = 2017
| 1blankname1 = {{nowrap|Secretary General}}
| 1namedata1 = Shumsher K Sheriff
| 1blankname2 = {{nowrap|Vice President of India}}
| 1namedata2 = [[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]
| deputy =
| taoiseach =
| succeeding =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1954|6|23|df=y}}
| alma_mater = [[IIT Kanpur]] [[Faculty of Law, University of Delhi]]
| children =
}}

'''Dinesh Bahadur Singh''' is a career India civil servant, [[mathematician]] and a scholar who formerly served as [[Secretary to Government of India|Secretary]] of [[Rajya Sabha]]<ref name="Appointment Singh RS">{{cite web|title=Appointment of DB Singh as Secretary in Rajya Sabha Secretariat|url=http://164.100.47.185/circular/show.aspx?Cno=7539&ft=P|work=[[Rajya Sabha]]|access-date=8 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040113/http://164.100.47.185/circular/show.aspx?Cno=7539&ft=P|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> and Rajya Sabha Secretariat,<ref name="Appointment Singh RS"/> [[Parliament of India]], i.e. the Upper House in the Indian Parliament (similar to the [[House of Lords]] but different as most Rajya Sabha members are elected by people's representatives, unlike most of the members of the House of Lords who have peerages bestowed upon them).<ref>{{cite web|title=Press release from Deputy Prime Minister's office - Historic Bill to reform House of Lords|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/historic-bill-to-reform-house-of-lords|website=Website of the UK Government|publisher=HMSO|access-date=3 December 2015}}</ref>

He was appointed as Advisor in Rajya Sabha in 2014 and previously served as Additional Secretary and [[Joint Secretary to Government of India|Joint Secretary]] in [[Rajya Sabha]].<ref name="Rajya Sabha">{{cite web |url=http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/kashmir/rajya-sabha-deputy-chairman-reviews-development-schemes/96160.html |title=Rajya Sabha Deputy Chairman reviews development schemes |access-date=7 December 2015 |last= |first= |author2= |date= |publisher=Greater Kashmir}}</ref>

He is a 1981 batch [[Central Secretariat Service]] [[Civil Services of India|officer]].<ref name="Civil List 2013 CSS">{{cite web |url=http://persmin.gov.in/DOPT/CSWing/CSDivision/CSS/css_civillist/CivilList_CSS2013.pdf |title=Year 2013 Civil List of Group A officers of CSS |access-date=2 December 2015 |last= |first= |author2= |date= |publisher=[[Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions (India)|Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions]], Government of India}}</ref><ref name="Rajya Sabha Officer and Staff 2016"/>

==Early life and education==
D.B. Singh has degrees in [[Bachelor of Science]], [[Master of Science]] and [[Doctor of Philosophy]] in [[Mathematics]]<ref name="Civil List 2013 CSS"/> from [[Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur]].<ref name="Rajya Sabha Officer and Staff 2016">{{cite web |url=http://rsintranet.nic.in/intrars/rss/stafflistgrade1.pdf |title=List of Officers and Staff of the Rajya Sabha Secretariat as on 03/08/2016 (Archived) |access-date=10 August 2016|publisher=[[Rajya Sabha]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121010246/http://rsintranet.nic.in/intrars/rss/stafflistgrade1.pdf |archive-date=21 November 2016 }}</ref> He also has a [[Bachelor of Laws]] from [[Faculty of Law, University of Delhi]]<ref name="Rajya Sabha Officer and Staff 2016" /> and a [[Master of Business Administration]] from the [[United Kingdom]].

==Career==
Singh joined the [[Central Secretariat Service]] in 1981<ref name="Civil List 2013 CSS"/> after qualifying through the [[Civil Services Examination]]. He has undergone professional trainings in prestigious institutes of USA, UK, Japan, Spain and Thailand. He has led delegation of officers of Rajya Sabha to US Congress, Australian Parliament and South African Parliament. He has also led Indian delegation for negotiation of bi-lateral investment and promotion treaties to various countries.

He has previously served as [[Joint Secretary to Government of India|Joint Secretary]] of Rajya Sabha<ref name="Rajya Sabha"/> and has also worked in [[Ministry of Finance (India)#Department of Economic Affairs|Department of Economic Affairs]], Constitution Review Commission and [[Ministry of Law and Justice (India)|Ministry of Law and Justice]]{{citation needed|date=December 2015}}. He also served as [[Officer on Special Duty (India)|Officer on Special Duty]] to [[Suresh Pachouri]], then [[Ministers of State|Minister of State]] in the [[Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions (India)|Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions]]{{citation needed|date=December 2015}}.

==Recognition==
He is the first non [[Indian Administrative Service]] officer and the first retired civil servant to hold the position of [[Secretary to Government of India|Secretary]] in Rajya Sabha{{citation needed|date=December 2015}}.

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{cite web
| url = http://164.100.47.5/newsite/rssorgchart/sec.aspx
| title = Dr. DB Singh, Secretary of Rajya Sabha
| publisher = [[Rajya Sabha]], [[Parliament of India]]
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160419033653/http://164.100.47.5/newsite/rssorgchart/sec.aspx
| archive-date = 19 April 2016}}
* [http://164.100.47.4/rssorgchart/showallrecord.aspx Rajya Sabha Secretariat] Complete list of officials at Rajya Sabha
* {{cite web
| url = http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/vp-provokes-editors-24x7-agitation-putting-pressures/211219.html
| title = Vice President of India provokes editors: '24X7 agitation' putting pressures
| publisher = [[The Tribune (Chandigarh)]]
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160419033041/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/vp-provokes-editors-24x7-agitation-putting-pressures/211219.html
| archive-date = 19 April 2016}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040113/http://164.100.47.185/circular/show.aspx?Cno=7539&ft=P Appointment of DB Singh as Secretary] at Rajya Sabha
* [http://www.babusofindia.com/2015/08/know-your-babu-how-db-singh-of-central.html Dr. DB Singh] Blog News

{{s-start}}
{{s-prec|india}}
{{s-bef|before=N.C. Joshi}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Indian order of precedence|Order of Precedence of India]] ''as Secretary of Rajya Sabha''|years=2015 - 2017}}
{{s-aft|after=P.P.K. Ramacharyulu}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, D.B.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian civil servants]]
[[Category:Indian government officials]]
[[Category:Central Secretariat Service officers]]
[[Category:People from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:IIT Kanpur alumni]]
[[Category:Indian Institutes of Technology alumni]]
[[Category:Faculty of Law, University of Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:Indian mathematicians]]
[[Category:Indian scholars]]

Savitri Devi College & Hospital

2026-04-04T11:06:44Z

Sovrenn:

{{Short description|Indian television show}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Savitri Devi College & Hospital.jpg
| genre = [[Medical drama|Medical]] [[Romantic drama|Romance]] [[Paranormal]] [[Drama]]
| creator = Rashmi Sharma
| writer = *Rashmi Sharma
*Virendra Shahaney
*Rajesh Dubey
*Priyaom Jha
*Shruti Tiwari
*Vinay Chhawal
*Sancheeta Bose
*Sharad Chandra Tripathi
*Akash Deep
| director = Arvind Gupta
| creative_director = Sanyukta Sharma Divya Soni
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| theme_music_composer =
| music = [[Asif Panjwani]]
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes = 367
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer = Amar Gaasavani Raaj Singh Deora
| producer = Rashmi Sharma Pawan Kumar Marut
| editor =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
| company = Rashmi Sharma Telefilms Limited
| network = [[Colors TV]]
| channel =
| released =
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2017|5|15}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2018|9|29}}
}}

'''''Savitri Devi College & Hospital''''' is an Indian drama television series,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bhaag-bakul-bhaag-savitri-devi-college-and-hospital-are-all-set-to-woo-viewers-on-tv/articleshow/58641037.cms|title=Bhaag Bakul Bhaag, Savitri Devi College and Hospital are all set to woo viewers on TV|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=12 May 2017}}</ref> that was aired for 365 episodes from 15 May 2017 to 29 September 2018 on [[Colors TV]]. Produced by Rashmi Sharma, it starred Swarda Thigale, [[Varun Kapoor]] and [[Vikram Sakhalkar]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mumbailive.com/en/television/colors-tv-show-savitri-devi-college-and-hospital-to-go-off-air-28703|title=Colors TV show Savitri Devi College and Hospital to go off air|website=Mumbai Live|date=28 September 2018 |language=en|access-date=2019-07-27}}</ref> In 2019, it was re-aired on [[Rishtey (TV channel)|Rishtey]] as ''Mere Dil Ki Lifeline''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/swaragini-actor-varun-kapoor-will-make-a-comeback-with-this-show-lifetv-967891-2017-03-27|title=Swaragini actor Varun Kapoor will make a comeback with this show|date=27 March 2017 |publisher=[[India Today]]|access-date=12 May 2017}}</ref>

== Plot ==
The show revolves around the life of Dr. Saachi Mishra, a young medical student who aspires to become a successful doctor and joins the prestigious Savitri Devi College & Hospital in pursuit of her dream. Saachi comes from a middle-class family having been brought up by her mother Jaya, who has a secret past with the owner of Savitri Devi Hospital, the famous Dr. Anand Malhotra. Jaya's deceased husband Dr. Sunil Mishra and Anand were business partners. Savitri Devi College and Hospital is built on Sunil's land. The show also features the lives of Dr. Anand Malhotra and his family including his son Dr. Veer and daughter Priya and his second wife Gayatri and her daughter Dr. Riya and Anand's younger brother Adarsh and his wife Neeta. Savitri Devi College & Hospital is named after Anand's deceased wife Savitri who was Jaya's best friend. Later Saachi gets admission as an intern in Savitri Devi College & Hospital with her best friends Dr. Isha Negi and Dr. Pragya Yadav.

Dr. Veer and Dr. Riya are also interns in same hospital. Saachi learns of Mishra family's past with Savitri Devi College and Hospital. Savitri is revealed to be alive and is in same hospital. Anand had hidden Savitri in a room. Saachi finds out that Savitri is alive and guides Veer to that room. Savitri was comatose for fifteen years. Savitri met with an accident 15 years before. Soon Savitri wakes up from [[coma]] and returns to Malhotra family. She knows Anand's secret. Veer and Saachi fall in love with each other and get married.

A witch Nayantara haunts the Malhotra family so she can exert revenge on Anand. Years ago a pregnant woman (Nayantara) came to Savitri Devi Hospital for delivery. But she didn't get the care and treatment she needed, so her baby came out stillborn. Nayantara died from the shock and Anand buried Nayantara's body in the same ward. Saachi manages to free Riya whom Nayantara had possessed and saves the family. The serial ends with the Malhotra's turning ward 13 (which was the ward Nayantara died) into "Nayantara pediatric ward" in remembrance of Nayantara and her child.

==Cast==
===Main===
*[[Swarda Thigale]] as Dr. Saachi Malhotra (nee Mishra): Sunil and Jaya's daughter; Sunny's elder sister; Pragya and Isha's friend; Veer's wife (2017–18)
*[[Varun Kapoor]] as Dr. Veer Malhotra: Anand and Savitri's younger son; Priya's brother; Gayatri's step son; Riya's half-brother; Aniket and Garv's friend; Mishri's ex-fiance; Saachi's husband (2017–18)
**Prerit Parpani as child Veer Malhotra (2017–18)
*[[Vikram Sakhalkar]] as Dr. Kabir Kapoor: Kusum's son; Riya's husband (2017–18)

=== Recurring===
*[[Arshi Khan]] as Nayantara: [[Witch]] (2018)
*[[Shilpa Shirodkar]] as Jaya Mishra: Sunil's widow; Savitri's friend; Saachi and Sunny's mother (2017–18)
*Neha Bagga as Dr. Pragya Yadav: Saachi and Isha's friend; Satish's fiancé (2017–18)
*[[Sharan Kaur]] as Dr. Isha Negi: Saachi and Pragya's friend; Manav's love interest (2017–18)
*Shabaaz Abdullah Badi as Manav Rai: Isha's patient and lover (2017–18)
*[[Mohan Kapur]] as Dr. Anand Malhotra: Owner of Savitri Devi College & Hospital; Sumitra's son; Adarsh's elder brother; Sunil's business partner; Savitri and Gayatri's husband; Priya, Veer and Riya's father (2017–18)
*Shruti Kanwar as Priya Malhotra Chawla: Savitri and Anand's elder daughter; Veer's sister; Gayatri's step daughter; Riya's half-sister; Sanket's ex-lover; Vikrant's wife (2017–18)
*Yuvraj Malhotra as Vikrant Chawla: Sujeet's son; Priya's husband (2017–18)
*[[Nishigandha Wad]] as Savitri Devi: Jaya's friend; Anand's first wife; Priya and Veer's mother; Riya's step mother (2017–18)
*Sonica Handa as Gayatri Raisinghania Malhotra: Vaidehi's daughter; Anand's second wife; Priya and Veer's step mother; Riya's mother (2017–18)
*[[Akansha Sareen]] as Dr. Riya Malhotra Kapoor: Gayatri and Anand's daughter; Priya and Veer's half-sister; Madhu and Bala's friend; Kabir's wife (2017–18)
*Meghna Datta as Dr. Madhu Goenka: Riya's friend (2017–18)
*Aliya Naaz as Dr. Bala: Riya's friend (2017–18)
*[[Mugdha Chaphekar]] as Mishri: Veer's ex-wife (2018)
*[[Aashish Kaul]] as Sujeet Chawla: Vikrant's father (2017)
*Unknown as Sunil Mishra: Ashok and Suman's elder brother; Anand's business partner; Jaya's husband; Saachi and Sunny's father (2017)
*Aneesh Sharma as Dr. Aniket Rastogi: Garv and Veer's friend (2017–18)
*Garv Bajaj as Dr. Garv Singh: Aniket and Veer's friend (2017–18)
*[[Aakash Talwar]] as Satish: Pragya's fiancé (2018)
* Alan Kapoor as Sanket Sharma: Priya's ex-boyfriend (2017–18)
*Shivaani Sopuri as Sumitra Malhotra: Anand and Adarsh's mother; Priya, Veer and Riya's grandmother (2017–18)
*Aparna Ghoshal as Kusum Kapoor: Kabir's mother (2017–18)
*Priya Malik as Keerti Fernandes
*Amit Dhawan as Adarsh Malhotra: Sumitra's son; Anand's younger brother; Neeta's husband; Priya, Veer and Riya's uncle (2017–18)
*[[Kishwer Merchant]]/[[Kajal Pisal]] as Neeta Sachdev: Adarsh's wife; Priya, Veer and Riya's aunt (2017–18)
*Suchit Vikram Singh as Pratik (2017)
*Prerna Panwar as Dr. Ayesha Khurana: Gayatri's accomplice (2018)
*[[Vandana Pathak]] as Vaidehi Singhania/Padmini: Gayatri's mother; Riya's maternal grandmother (2017–18)
*Sushil Bounthiyal as Ashok Mishra: Sunil and Suman's brother; Khushboo's husband (2017–18)
*Sudipti Parmar as Khushboo Parmar: Aakash's daughter; Ashok's wife (2017–18)
*Unknown as Suman Mishra: Sunil and Ashok's younger sister (2017–18)
*Unknown as Aakash Parmar: Khushboo's father (2017–18)
*Ahmad Harhash as Sagar Kapoor (2018)
*Girish Thapar as Advocate Sadashiv Saxena

=== Special appearances ===
* [[Helly Shah]] as Devanshi from ''[[Devanshi (TV series)|Devanshi]]''
* [[Rubina Dilaik]] as Soumya Singh from ''[[Shakti - Astitva Ke Ehsaas Ki]]''

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
''[https://www.voot.com/shows/savitri-devi-college-and-hospital/1/491555 Savitri Devi College & Hospital]'' on [[Voot]]

{{Colors Programmes}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Savitri Devi College and Hospital}}
[[Category:Colors TV original programming]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian medical television series]]
[[Category:2017 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Delhi]]

List of zamindari estates in the Godavari district

2026-04-01T08:06:06Z

Sovrenn: Stub

{{short description|None}}

{{Orphan|date=August 2020}}
{{Cleanup rewrite|date=April 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2020}}
'''Godavari District''' was a district of the [[Madras Presidency]]. It has a glorious past. Which once saw the glory of many zamindari estates and also huge estates like Peddapuram, Pithapuram, Kota Ramchandrapuram, Polvaram etc. each comprising 372, 128, 66, 128 respectively. It later got bifurcated into East and West Godavari in 1925.<ref name="Damodaran2018">{{cite book|author=Harish Damodaran|title=INDIA'S NEW CAPITALISTS: Caste, Business, and Industry in a Modern Nation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=92F7DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT370|date=25 November 2018|publisher=Hachette India|isbn=978-93-5195-280-0|pages=370–}}</ref> But before that these districts compressed few Zamindaries and their histories.

== Zamindari System in Godavari District ==
Godavari District was renamed. Originally it was Rajahmundry District having the capital of the same name but renamed in 1859.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=55BbvGEV5uAC&q=rajahmundry+district&pg=PA810|title= Description of Rajahmundry District.|last1= Thornton|first1= Edward|year= 1858}}</ref> This [[Rajahmundry]] District was once ruled by
*Eastern Chalukyas
*Kakatiyas
*Gajapathi Rulers
*Vijayanagar Rulers
*Nizam Rule
*French
*Again under the Nawab who is the Subedar of Nizam
*British

During the British (1765-1947) reign in Godavarai District (originally northern circars were acquired by the British in the [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Anglo]]-[[France|French]] wars in 1759 but again appointed the Nawab by Nizam which finally came to British hand in the year 1765)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.1427/page/n50/mode/1up|title= British Reign in Godvari|date= 30 January 2024}}</ref> they acquired all the local poligars and in the [[Battle of Padmanabham]] they reduced the erstwhile [[Princely State]] of Vizianagaram to a Zamindari and made permanent settlement with them in 1802.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptivehisto00morrrich/page/276/mode/1up|title= Permanent Settlement in Godvari District|date= 30 January 1878}}</ref> From then the powers of old Zamindars were limited and acted as revenue collector between the government and ryots.

== Zamindari Estates after the Permanent Settlement to 1843 ==
During the Permanenent settlement in 1802–03, few estates like Mogalutur and Korukonda were annexed into the government due to arrears and they were split into 26 Proprietary estates .<ref name="Morris1878pg278">{{cite book|author=Henry Morris|title=A Descriptive and Historical Account of the Godavery District in the Presidency of Madras|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CZEIAAAAQAAJ|year=1878|publisher=Trübner|page=278}}</ref> By that time there are 15 ancient Zamindaries Like [[Peddapuram]], [[Pithapuram]], Polavaram, Kota Ramchandrapuram, [[Vegayammapeta]], Velampalem, Venakayapalem, Vella, Telikacherla, Jalimudi, Panangipalli, Undeswarapuram, Mukkamala, Vilasa and Janupalli, Bantumilli. Besides these are there three other [[Mansabdari]] Estates, like Rampah, Totapalli, Jaddangi.<ref name="Morris1878pg279">{{cite book|author=Henry Morris|title=A Descriptive and Historical Account of the Godavery District in the Presidency of Madras|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CZEIAAAAQAAJ|year=1878|publisher=Trübner|page=279}}</ref>

== Zamindari Estates after 1843 ==
Many Zamindari estates were later annexed in the government due to the arrears and lost most of their villages.<ref name="Morris1878pg282">{{cite book|author=Henry Morris|title=A Descriptive and Historical Account of the Godavery District in the Presidency of Madras|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CZEIAAAAQAAJ|year=1878|publisher=Trübner|page=282}}</ref> Then they divided the estates further and sold to other proprietors. The details were collected by Henry Morris and wrote in the Book, A descriptive and historical account of the Godavery District in the presidency of Madras Page No:371-375.<ref name="Morris1878pg371375">{{cite book|author=Henry Morris|title=A Descriptive and Historical Account of the Godavery District in the Presidency of Madras|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CZEIAAAAQAAJ|year=1878|publisher=Trübner|pages=371–375}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center"
! style="background-color:#A3BABF" colspan="3"| List of ''Zamindari''s in Godavari District in the year 1874-75
|-
! style="background-color:#A3BABF" |Zamindari
! style="background-color:#A3BABF" |Holder
! style="background-color:#A3BABF" |Peskash
|-
! style="background-color:#F2CEE0" colspan="4" align="left"|Godavary district
|-
| align="left"|[[Pittapore]]
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 3,41,627<ref>The rent for Pittapoor also included the rent for Cocanada and Coringa</ref>
|-
| align="left"|[[Polavaram estate|Polavaram]]
| align="right"|

| align="right"| 43,210<ref name="Innaiah2002">{{cite book|author=N. Innaiah|title=A Century of Politics in Andhra Pradesh: Ethnicity & Regionalism in Indian State|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GEhuAAAAMAAJ|year=2002|publisher=Rationalist Voice Publications}}</ref>

|-
| align="left"|Osuri Navarasapuram Estate
| align="right"|
| align
|-

|-
| align="left"|Kolanka
| align="right"|
| align="right"|14350
|-
| align="left"|[[Tuni]]
| align="right"|
| align="right"|26429
|-
| align="left"|Annavarapupeta
| align="right"|
| align="right"|3895
|-
| align="left"|Kapileswarapuram
| align="right"|
| align="right"|8765
|-
| align="left"|Undeswarapuram
| align="right"|
| align="right"|630
|-
| align="left"|Kotipally
| align="right"|
| align="right"|Peskash in the Vizianagaram Zamindari
|-
| align="left"|Uppada and Aminbada
| align="right"|
| align="right"|673
|-
| align="left"|Nidadavolu and Barhajhally
| align="right"|
| align="right"|1,19,346
|-
| align="left"|Ambarapet
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 16,097
|-
| align="left"|[[Vegayammapeta Estate]]
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 8362
|-
| align="left"|Tangellmudi
| align="right"|
| align="right"|5143
|-
| align="left"|Bhimolu
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 3031
|-
| align="left"|Anumullanka
| align="right"|
| align="right"|611
|-
| align="left"|Singanagudem
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 46
|-
| align="left"|Vilasa
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 1440
|-
| align="left"|Janupalle
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 218
|-
| align="left"|Jalimudi
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 277
|-
| align="left"|Telikicherla
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 962
|-
| align="left"|Gundepalli|
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 962
|-
| align="left"|Panangipalli
| align="right"|
| align="right"|737
|-
| align="left"|Sirasavilli Savaram
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 300
|-
| align="left"|Bantumilli|
| align="right"|
| align="right"|200
|-
| align="left"|Mukkamala
| align="right"|
| align="right"|107
|-
| align="left"|Jaggampet
| align="right"|
| align="right"|33,072
|-
| align="left"|Dontamuru
| align="right"|
| align="right"|3248
|-
| align="left"|Rayavaram
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 1998
|-
| align="left"|Viravaram
| align="right"|
| align="right"|26876
|-
| align="left"|Palivela
| align="right"|
| align="right"|19,240
|-
| align="left"|Kirlampudi
| align="right"|
| align="right"|23,382
|-
| align="left"|Gopalapuram
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 18,540
|-
| align="left"|Elamanchili
| align="right"|
| align="right"|8,823
|-
| align="left"|Chinchinada
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 1647
|-
| align="left"|China Mamidipalli
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 255
|-
| align="left"|Neredumilli
| align="right"|
| align="right"|445
|-
| align="left"|Vardhanani
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 532
|-
| align="left"|Dhumantigudem
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 142
|-
| align="left"|Gollaprolu
| align="right"|
| align="right"|11,567
|-
| align="left"|Kesanakuru
| align="right"|
| align="right"|11,574
|-
| align="left"|Vasantavada
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 7,349
|-
| align="left"|Narayanapuram
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 2,948
|-
| align="left"|Malakacherla
| align="right"|
| align="right"|1,495
|-
| align="left"|Daddipudi
| align="right"|
| align="right"|378
|-
| align="left"|Gutala
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 6,749
|-
| align="left"|Mungondapalem
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 545
|-
| align="left"|Chidipi
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 1,671
|-
| align="left"|Peddeham
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 2,628
|-
| align="left"|Tirugudumetta
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 1,856
|-
| align="left"|Injeram
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 3,217
|-
| align="left"|Pattesam
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 2,282
|-
| align="left"|Prakkilanka|
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 1,822
|-
| align="left"|Vangalapudi
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 3,817
|-
| align="left"|Viravillipalem
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 3,534
|-
| align="left"|Nadavapalli
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 3,129
|-
| align="left"|Tyajampudi
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 2,791
|-
| align="left"|Kurukuru
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 1,482
|-
| align="left"|Billumilli
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 1,619
|-
| align="left"|Lakkavaram
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 2,643
|-
| align="left"|Jangareddigudem
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 499
|-
| align="left"|Dharmavaram
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 2402
|-
| align="left"|Krapa
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 2,385
|-
| align="left"|Malakapalli
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 2,282
|-
| align="left"|Katavaram
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 2,135
|-
| align="left"|Yadavolu
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 2,161
|-
| align="left"|Konitivada
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 2,004
|-
| align="left"|Borrampalem
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 1,038
|-
| align="left"|Vegavaram
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 787
|-
| align="left"|Gavuripatnam
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 1,853
|-
| align="left"|Murumanda
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 1,850
|-
| align="left"|Anatavaram
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 1,763
|-
| align="left"|Magam
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 1,746
|-
| align="left"|Yernagudem
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 1,725
|-
| align="left"|Vunkaramilli alias Ravimetta
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 1,630
|-
| align="left"|Kalavalapalli
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 1346
|-
| align="left"|Pativala Gurajanapalli
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 1,296
|-
| align="left"|Mallavaram
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 947
|-
| align="left"|Johurullabada alias Hukumpeta
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 1,401
|-
| align="left"|Buchampeta
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 738
|-
| align="left"|Gangolu
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 1,264
|-
| align="left"|Vella
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 1,240
|-
| align="left"|Bayyanagudem
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 1,006
|-
| align="left"|Potukurru
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 210
|-
| align="left"|Bommuru
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 853
|-
| align="left"|Guttinadeevi
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 776
|-
| align="left"|Kondagudem
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 753
|-
| align="left"|Petta
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 583
|-
| align="left"|Viravaram
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 554
|-
| align="left"|Dandangi
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 551
|-
| align="left"|Surasaniyanam
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 529
|-
| align="left"|Nilapalli
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 479
|-
| align="left"|Nandigudem
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 390
|-
| align="left"|Nallamillipadu
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 203
|-
| align="left"|Gavaravaram
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 145
|-
| align="left"|jagannadhapuram
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 117
|-
| align="left"|Pydimetta
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 110
|-
| align="left"|Vadlapattanam
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 86
|-
| align="left"|Tirumanagudem
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 64
|-
! style="background-color:#FAF5FF" colspan="4" align="right"|Mansubdari of Godavari district
|-
| align="left"|[[Thotapalle Estate]]
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 6,310
|-
| align="left"|Bhadrachalam and Rekapalle
| align="right"|
| align="right"| 21,090
|-
| align="left"|Rampah
| align="right"|
| align="right"| .....
|-

|-
|colspan=3|Source:{{cite book|title=A descriptive and historical account of the Godavery District in the presidency of Madras|last= Morris|first=Henry|authorlink=|publisher=Government of Madras|year=1878|pages=371–375}}
|}

The same has been mentioned in the book Standing Information regarding the Official Administration of Madras Presidency.<ref name="Maclean1879">{{cite book|author=Charles Donald Maclean|title=Standing Information Regarding the Official Administration of the Madras Presidency in Each Department in Illustration of the Yearly Administration Reports Prepared Under the Orders of Government by C. D. Maclean|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NwYBnQBJ2aUC&pg=PA458-IA31|year=1879|publisher=Keys|pages=458–}}</ref>

== Zamindari Estates after 1920 ==
Later, these estates were further divided (impartiable estates weren't divided though). The list of it has been given in The Asylum Press Almanack And Directory Of Madras And Southern India 1924, Page No: 274–276.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.83815/page/n433/mode/2up?q=muttanji|title= The Asylum Press Almanack And Directory Of Madras And Southern India 1924|date= 30 January 2024}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

[[Category:India history-related lists|Zamindari estates in Godavari district]]
[[Category:Zamindari estates]]
[[Category:History of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Madras Presidency]]

Aryavansh Tyagi

2026-03-31T19:38:58Z

Sovrenn:

{{short description|Indian sport shooter}}{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Aryavansh Tyagi
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| nationality = Indian
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2004|03|14|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Meerut]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India
| country = India
| sport = [[Shooting sports|Sport shooter]]
| event = [[ISSF trap|Trap Shooting]]
| coach = Mansher Singh)
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Shooting sports|shooting]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Championship]]}}
{{MedalGold|2023 Korea|Team Trap}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Junior World Cup]]}}
{{MedalSilver|2022 Suhl|Team Trap}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Junior World Shooting Championships|World Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|2022 Osijek|Team Trap}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Junior World Shooting Championships|World Championships]]}}
{{MedalSilver|2023 Korea|Team Trap}}

}}

'''Aryavansh Tyagi''' (born 14 March 2004) is an Indian [[Sports shooter|Sports Shooter]]. He won the Team Gold Medal at the [[ISSF World Shooting Championships|ISSF]] [[Shotgun]] [[World championship|World Championship]] 2022 in [[Osijek]], [[Croatia]].<ref>{{Cite web |author=Scroll Staff |title=Shotgun World Championship: Indian junior men’s trap team clinch sensational gold |url=https://scroll.in/field/1033586/shotgun-world-championship-indian-junior-mens-trap-team-clinch-sensational-gold |access-date=2023-03-23 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=The Bridge |date=2022-09-25 |title=ISSF Shotgun World C'ships: Indian men's junior trap team bags gold |url=https://thebridge.in/shooting/shotgun-worlds-india-junior-trap-gold-35685 |access-date=2023-03-23 |website=thebridge.in |language=en}}</ref> He won a [[Gold medal|Gold Medal]] at the championship in 2022 and a team [[Silver medal]] at the [[World cup|World Cup]] in Suhl, [[Germany]] 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ISSF - International Shooting Sport Federation - issf-sports.org |url=https://www.issf-sports.org/athletes/athlete.ashx?personissfid=SHINDM1403200401#content_wrapper |access-date=2023-03-23 |website=www.issf-sports.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Bureau |first=Sports |date=2022-09-25 |title=Indian men bag junior team trap gold at World Championships |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/indian-men-bag-junior-team-trap-gold-at-world-championships/article65934068.ece |access-date=2023-03-23 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=आर्य वंश त्यागी ने ट्रैक शूटिंग में जर्मनी में लहराया परचम |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/bijnor/arya-vansh-tyagi-stuns-in-germany-in-track-shooting-bijnor-news-mrt596604520 |access-date=2023-03-23 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
He was born on 14 March 2004 in [[Meerut]], in the Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-10-15 |title=Meerut boy gets bronze in trap shooting at zonal meet |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/meerut/city-boy-bags-bronze-in-trap-shooting-at-north-zone-meet/articleshow/71586579.cms |access-date=2023-03-23 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=अमेरिका में होने वाली वल्र्ड चैंपियनशिप में मेरठ के आर्यवंश का चयन, नौ साल की उम्र से सीख रहे निशनेबाजी |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/meerut-city-aryanvansh-of-meerut-selected-in-the-world-championship-to-be-held-in-america-21979912.html |access-date=2023-03-23 |website=Dainik Jagran |language=hi}}</ref>

== Career ==
He won the [[Gold medal]] with his team (Croatia) at [[ISSF World Championships|ISSF World Championship]] 2022 in [[Croatia]] [[World championship|World Championship]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bureau |first=Sports |date=2022-09-25 |title=Indian men bag junior team trap gold at World Championships |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/indian-men-bag-junior-team-trap-gold-at-world-championships/article65934068.ece |access-date=2023-03-23 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He won the [[Silver medal|Silver Medal]] With his Team ([[Suhl]] [[Germany]]) in the [[World cup|World Cup]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-13 |title=Shooting: India picks up four more gold at Junior World Cup |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/shooting-india-picks-up-four-more-gold-at-junior-world-cup-7916225/ |access-date=2023-03-23 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

In 2025, Aryavansh won the gold medal at the 68th National Shooting Championship held at the Dr. Karni Singh Shooting Range in Delhi and he also claimed the title of Junior National Champion in the same event.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-30 |title=आर्यवंश ने ट्रैप शूटिंग में जीता स्वर्ण पदक |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/meerut/story-aryavansh-tyagi-wins-gold-in-trap-shooting-at-68th-national-shooting-championship-201767036281815.amp.html |access-date=2026-02-22 |website=www.livehindustan.com |language=hi}}</ref>

== References ==

<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tyagi, Aryavansh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2004 births]]
[[Category:Indian male sport shooters]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]

Gates Cambridge Scholarship

2026-03-29T00:20:13Z

Sovrenn:

{{short description|Scholarship program funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{distinguish|Gates Millennium Scholars Program}}
{{Infobox award
| name = Gates Cambridge Scholarship
| image = Gates Cambridge Scholarship logo.png
| image size = 190
| website = {{URL|https://www.gatescambridge.org|gatescambridge.org}}
| awarded_for = Post-graduate study at the [[University of Cambridge]]
| sponsor = [[Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation]]
| location = [[Cambridge]], England
| established = 2000
}}

The '''Gates Cambridge Scholarship''' is an international postgraduate award for students to study at the [[University of Cambridge]]. The scholarship is extremely competitive with around 0.5% of applicants receiving an award in recent years.<ref>{{cite web|date=19 May 2021|title=Closing gender gaps for good|url=https://www.gatescambridge.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Gates-Cambridge-Annual-Report-2023-HiRes_Spreads.pdf|website=Gates Cambridge}}</ref>

The [[Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation]] established the Gates Cambridge Scholarships in 2000 with a $210 million donation to support outstanding graduate students' study at the [[University of Cambridge]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/7-indians-selected-for-gates-cambridge-scholarship/story-XHSWRWv19uRQYd2Rb3cnpN.html|title=7 Indians selected for Gates Cambridge Scholarship|date=2018-04-12|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2019-01-31}}</ref> The gift is the largest single donation to a [[United Kingdom|British]] university.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Garner|first=Mandy|date=2018-04-12|title=Introducing the Gates Cambridge Class of 2018|url=https://www.cam.ac.uk/Gates2018|access-date=2019-10-18|website=University of Cambridge|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=The Programme |url=https://www.gatescambridge.org/programme |website=Gates Cambridge|date=6 April 2020 }}</ref> The Gates Cambridge Trust's endowment is valued at £333.9 million as of 2023.<ref name="finstat23">{{Cite web |title=Annual Report 2023 |url=https://www.gatescambridge.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Gates-Cambridge-Annual-Report-2023-HiRes_Spreads.pdf |access-date=14 June 2024 |publisher=University of Cambridge}}</ref>

The scholarship covers the cost of a postgraduate degree at the University of Cambridge and includes funding for academic and professional development. {{asof|2023|post=,}} 2,156 students from more than 112 countries have received the scholarship and more than 200 Gates Cambridge Scholars are studying at any time.<ref name=":2" />

==Eligibility and selection criteria==

Applicants from any country other than the United Kingdom are eligible to apply for the Gates Cambridge Scholarships. Candidates must apply to pursue one of the following full-time residential degrees at the University of Cambridge:

* [[Doctor of Philosophy|Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)]]
* [[Master of Science|Master of Science (MSc)]], [[Master of Letters|Master of Letters (MLitt)]], [[Master of Philosophy|Master of Philosophy (MPhil)]]
* Other one-year postgraduate course (e.g. LLM, MRes, MASt)

Applicants concurrently apply to a course, college and department and the offer of a Gates Cambridge Scholarship is conditional on the student gaining full placement in each.

The Gates Cambridge Trustees use four criteria to choose Scholars:

*Academic excellence: Competitiveness is evaluated through academic transcripts, references, experience and the potential to succeed on the chosen course. A departmental nomination is crucial for demonstrating this criterion;
*Choice of course: The Trust seeks Scholars who will have an academically transformative experience at Cambridge. Candidates must demonstrate intellectual superiority and the necessary skills and expertise to complete the course which they have chosen;
*A commitment to improving the lives of others: A defining characteristic of Scholars is their deep devotion to improving lives of others as evident by their past, current and future commitment to the societies in which they will live and work;
*A capacity for leadership: Candidates must show exceptional leadership elements and a pledge to 'take others with them' as future leaders of their fields and communities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gatescambridge.org/apply-overview|title=Apply overview|last=jim.smith|date=2018-08-16|website=Gates Cambridge|language=en|access-date=2019-09-19}}</ref>
[[File:Selwyn College Cambridge Main Gate.jpg|thumb|left|Selwyn College, Cambridge University]]Generally, each class of Gates Cambridge Scholars is composed of 2⁄3 PhD and 1⁄3 one-year Scholars. The Gates Cambridge Trust uses a three-stage selection process to select its Scholars. The application process begins with prospective students applying to study for an eligible degree at the University of Cambridge, either during the U.S. or the global round. Following the initial application, each academic department at the University of Cambridge ranks and nominates eligible applicants for the scholarship. Departmental nominees are the most academically outstanding applicants for postgraduate studies in the department. The list of departmental nominees is then forwarded to the Gates Cambridge Trust, where it is divided into broad subject areas and passed to the Shortlisting Committees. Each Committee reviews the entirety of a departmental nominee and applies the Gates Cambridge selection criteria to shortlist applicants for interview. All shortlisted candidates are interviewed to assess how they meet all Gates Cambridge criteria and Scholars-Elect are selected only after the interview.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gatescambridge.org/apply/how-we-select|title=How we select|last=Gates Cambridge|date=2014-10-19|website=Gates Cambridge|language=en|access-date=2019-10-27}}</ref> For 2023 entry, 75 Scholars were selected from a pool of 6,184 applicants.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2023-07-31 |title=Gates Cambridge Annual Report |url=https://www.gatescambridge.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Gates-Cambridge-Annual-Report-2023-HiRes_Spreads.pdf |website=Gates Cambridge |language=en}}</ref>

==Goals==

The aim of the Gates Cambridge programme is to build a global network of future leaders committed to improving the lives of others. Scholars and alumni are already becoming leaders in their fields and contributing to finding solutions to some of the world's most pressing problems.

==Gates Cambridge Scholars organizations==

In 2002, Gates Cambridge Scholars organized and elected a student committee titled The Gates Scholars' Council. The Council aims to represent the Gates Scholars at Cambridge and to build a scholar community interwoven into the fabric of the university. In cooperation with the Gates Cambridge Trust, the university and various academic and professional organizations, the Scholars' Council organizes a number of academic, social and professional events that have distinguished and built the reputation of the Gates Scholars at Cambridge University. The scholarship is particularly known for its strong academic and social community at Cambridge.{{Citation needed|date=March 2020}}

In 2005, the Scholars once again self-organized to create the Gates Scholars Alumni Association, which aims to build upon the friendships and contacts that were first made at Cambridge and to bridge the gap between the different generations of scholars.<ref>[https://www.gatescambridge.org/about/alumni-association Gates Scholars Alumni Association]</ref> It is an active and growing organization, with members dispersed all over the world.{{Citation needed|date=March 2020}}

== Controversies ==

=== Criticism of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation ===
The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation reduced its investments in non-renewable energy in 2016, after recipients of the Gates Cambridge Scholarship had urged the Foundation's trustees to [[Divestment|divest]] from [[fossil fuels]] a year earlier.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/libby-blanchard/an-open-letter-from-gates_b_8736838.html|title=An Open Letter from Gates Cambridge Scholars to the Gates Foundation to Divest in Fossil Fuels|date=2015-12-07|website=HuffPost UK|language=en|access-date=2019-10-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Doughton |first=Sandi |author-link=Sandi Doughton |date=2015-11-16 |title=Gates Foundation cuts fossil fuel investments — but why? |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/environment/gates-foundation-cuts-fossil-fuel-investments-but-why/ |access-date=2019-10-27 |website=The Seattle Times |language=en-US}}</ref>

The Foundation gave Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] its 2019 [[Goalkeepers (Gates Foundation)|Global Goalkeeper]] Award for the [[Swachh Bharat Mission]]<ref>{{Cite news|title=PM Modi receives Global Goalkeeper award for Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, says people in India behind its success|language=en|newspaper=India Today|agency=Ist|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/pm-modi-receives-global-goalkeeper-award-for-swachh-bharat-abhiyan-1602843-2019-09-25|access-date=2019-10-27}}</ref> and the "progress India has made in providing safe sanitation under his leadership."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Foundation|first=Gates|date=2019-09-24|title=Prime Minister Narendra Modi received the Global Goalkeeper Award at tonight's Goalkeepers Global Goals Awards. This award recognizes the progress India has made in providing safe sanitation under his leadership.pic.twitter.com/QSMD4UqxiU|url=https://twitter.com/gatesfoundation/status/1176654725229490176|access-date=2019-10-27|website=@gatesfoundation|language=en}}</ref> More than 100 Gates Cambridge Scholars and alumni had condemned the Foundation's decision, following the Indian government's decision to withdraw the special status of the disputed territory of [[Jammu]] and [[Kashmir]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/15/world/asia/kashmir-india-militants.html|title=Abused by Soldiers and Militants, Kashmiris Face Dangers in Daily Life|last1=Raj|first1=Suhasini|date=2019-09-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-10-27|last2=Gettleman|first2=Jeffrey|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bayliss |first=Chloe |title=Cambridge Gates scholars condemn Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation award to India PM Narendra Modi |url=https://www.varsity.co.uk/news/17848 |access-date=2019-10-27 |website=Varsity Online |language=en}}</ref>

== Notable scholars ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name
!University
![[Colleges of the University of Cambridge|Cambridge College]]
!Year
!Nationality
!Field
|-
|{{sortname|Kayla | Barron}} || [[US Naval Academy]] || [[Peterhouse, Cambridge|Peterhouse]] || 2010 || {{flag|USA}} || [[NASA]] [[astronaut]]
|-
|{{sortname|Eric | Cervini|Eric Cervini}} || [[Harvard University]] || [[King's College, Cambridge|King's]] || 2015 || {{flag|USA}} || historian
|-
|{{sortname|Charles B. | Chang|Charles B. Chang}} || [[Harvard University]] || [[Trinity College, Cambridge|Trinity]] || 2005 || {{flag|USA}} || linguist
|-
|{{sortname|Molly | Crockett|Molly J. Crockett}} || [[UCLA]] || [[King's College, Cambridge|King's]] || 2006 || {{flag|USA}} || neuroscientist
|-
|{{sortname|Johanna | Hanink}} || [[University of Michigan]] || [[Queens' College, Cambridge|Queens']] || 2006 || {{flag|USA}} || classicist
|-
|{{sortname|Juliet | Lapidos}} || [[Yale University]] || [[Hughes Hall, Cambridge|Hughes Hall]] || 2005 || {{flag|USA}} || journalist and author
|-
|{{sortname|Kate | Marvel}} || [[UC Berkeley]] || [[Trinity College, Cambridge|Trinity]] || 2003 || {{flag|USA}} || climate scientist and science writer
|-
|{{sortname|Kamalini | Mukherji}} || [[Jadavpur University]] || [[St. John's College, Cambridge|St. John's]] || 2002 || {{flag|India}} || vocalist
|-
|{{sortname|Greg | Nance}} || [[University of Chicago]] || [[Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge|Fitzwilliam]] || 2011 || {{flag|USA}} || ultramarathon runner and entrepreneur
|-
|{{sortname|Jaya | Savige}} || [[University of Queensland]] || [[Christ's College, Cambridge|Christ's]] || 2008 || {{flag|Australia}} || poet
|-
|{{sortname|Robyn | Scott}} || [[University of Auckland]] || [[St Catharine's College, Cambridge|St. Catharine's]] || 2004 || {{flag|New Zealand}} || entrepreneur and writer
|-
|{{sortname|Jay | Silver}} || [[Georgia Tech]] || [[Churchill College, Cambridge|Churchill]] || 2002 || {{flag|USA}} || toy inventor
|-
|{{sortname|Tara | Westover}} || [[Brigham Young University|BYU]] || [[Trinity College, Cambridge|Trinity]] || 2008 || {{flag|USA}} || writer and memoirist
|-
|{{sortname|Melanie | Wood}} || [[Duke University]] || [[Trinity College, Cambridge|Trinity]] || 2003 || {{flag|USA}} || mathematician
|-
|{{sortname|Yeo | Bee Yin | Yeo Bee Yin | Yeo, Bee Yin}} || [[Universiti Teknologi Petronas]] || [[Corpus Christi College, Cambridge|Corpus Christi]] || 2009 || {{flag|Malaysia}} || politician
|-
|{{sortname|Tyler | Goodspeed}} || [[Harvard University]] || [[Emmanuel College, Cambridge|Emmanuel]] || 2009 || {{flag|USA}} || economist
|-
|{{sortname|Usha | Vance}} || [[Yale University]] || [[Clare College, Cambridge|Clare]] || 2010 || {{flag|USA}} || lawyer, Second Lady of the US
|-
|{{sortname|Mary | Fan}} || [[University of Arizona]] || [[St. John's College, Cambridge|St. John's]] || 2007 || {{flag|USA}} || law professor
|-
|{{sortname|Bilal | Mahmood}} || [[Stanford University]] || [[King's College, Cambridge|King's]] || 2009 || {{flag|USA}} || entrepreneur and civil servant
|-
|{{sortname|Carol | Ibe}}
|[[Georgetown University]], [[University of Oxford]]
|[[Newnham College, Cambridge|Newnham]]
|2015
|{{flag|USA}}
|founder, JR Biotek Foundation
|-
|{{sortname|Jerelle | Joseph}}
|[[University of the West Indies]]
|[[Churchill College, Cambridge|Churchill]]
|2014
|{{flag|Dominica}}
|professor of chemical and biological engineering
|-
|{{sortname|Alessio | Ciulli}}
|[[University of Florence]]
|[[Wolfson College, Cambridge|Wolfson]]
|2002
|{{flag|Italy}}
|professor of chemical and structural biology, [[Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry]]
|-
|{{sortname|David|Haskell|David Haskell (editor)}}
|[[Yale University]]
|[[Queens' College, Cambridge|Queens']]
|2001
|{{flag|USA}}
|Editor-in-chief of ''[[New York (magazine)|New York]]'' and co-founder of [[Kings County Distillery]]
|-
|{{sortname|Iryna | Shuvalova}}
|[[Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv|National University of Kyiv]], [[Dartmouth College]]
|[[St. John's College, Cambridge|St. John's]]
|2016
|{{flag|Ukraine}}
|poet, translator and scholar
|-
|{{sortname|Jessica | Grahn}}
|[[Northwestern University]]
|[[Wolfson College, Cambridge|Wolfson]]
|2001
|{{flag|USA}}
|music neuroscientist
|-
|{{sortname|Shadrack | Frimpong}}
|[[University of Pennsylvania]], [[Yale University]]
|[[Jesus College, Cambridge|Jesus]]
|2020
|{{flag|Ghana}}
|entrepreneur and global health leader, founder of Cocoa360
|-
|{{sortname|Brady | Wagoner}}
|[[Clark University]]
|[[Corpus Christi College, Cambridge|Corpus Christi]]
|2005
|{{flag|USA}}
|professor of psychology
|-
|{{sortname|Michael G.| Masters}}
|[[University of Michigan]]
|[[Hughes Hall, Cambridge|Hughes Hall]]
|2001
|{{flag|USA}}
|lawyer and global security consultant
|-
|{{sortname|Jana | Zaumseil}}
|[[Leipzig University]]
|[[St. John's College, Cambridge|St. John's]]
|2003
|{{flag|Germany}}
|professor of physical chemistry
|-
|{{sortname|Victoria | Herrmann}}
|[[Lehigh University]], [[Carleton University]]
|[[Pembroke College, Cambridge|Pembroke]]
|2014
|{{flag|USA}}
|polar geographer and climate change communicator
|-
|[[Scott Barry Kaufman|Scott Kaufman]]
|[[Carnegie Mellon University]]
|[[King's College, Cambridge|King's]]
|2003
|{{flag|USA}}
|cognitive scientist, author, podcaster, coach, and popular science writer
|-
|[[Urbasi Sinha]]
|[[University of Cambridge]]
|[[Queens' College, Cambridge|Queens']]
|2002
|{{flag|India}}
|quantum physicist and professor
|-
|[[Rob K. Henderson (author)|Rob Henderson]]
|[[Yale University]]
|[[St Catharine's College, Cambridge|St. Catharine's]]
|2018
|{{flag|USA}}
|writer and political commentator
|-
|[[Emily Kassie]]
|[[Brown University]]
|[[St. John's College, Cambridge|St. John's]]
|2016
|{{flag|Canada}}
|investigative journalist and documentary filmmaker
|-
|[[Caitlin Casey]]
|[[University of Arizona]]
|[[St. John's College, Cambridge|St. John's]]
|2007
|{{flag|USA}}
|observational astronomer
|-
|[[Todd Tucker]]
|[[George Washington University]]
|[[Queens' College, Cambridge|Queens']]
|2012
|{{flag|USA}}
|academic, political scientist, and political commentator
|-
|-
|[[Yassamin Ansari]]
|[[Stanford University]]
|[[St. John's College, Cambridge|St. John's]]
|2012
|{{flag|USA}}
|US congresswoman
|-
|[[Kate Brandt]]
|[[Brown University]]
|[[Selwyn College, Cambridge|Selwyn College]]
|2007
|{{flag|USA}}
|Chief Sustainability Officer at Google
|-
|[[William Greenleaf (American scientist)|William Greenleaf]]
|[[Harvard University]]
|[[Trinity College, Cambridge|Trinity]]
|2002
|{{flag|USA}}
|molecular biologist, biophysicist, inventor, and professor
|-
|[[Njoki Wamai]]
|[[University of Nairobi]], [[King's College London]]
|[[Queens' College, Cambridge|Queens']]
|2012
|{{flag|Kenya}}
|feminist activist and professor
|-
|[[Naomi Woo]]
|[[Yale University]]
|[[Clare College, Cambridge|Clare]]
|2013
|{{flag|Canada}}
|conductor and pianist
|-
|[[Christopher Tooley]]
|[[Massey University]], [[University of Auckland]]
|[[Girton College, Cambridge|Girton]]
|2002
|{{flag|New Zealand}}
|academic, executive and indigenous health leader
|}

==See also==
* [[Churchill Scholarship]] at [[Cambridge University]]
* [[Rhodes Scholarship]] at [[Oxford University]]
*[[Clarendon Fund|Clarendon Scholarship]] at [[Oxford University]]
* [[Yenching Scholarship]] at [[Peking University]]
* [[Schwarzman Scholars]]hip at [[Tsinghua University]]
* [[Commonwealth Scholarship and Fellowship Plan]]
* [[Marshall Scholarship]] for any university in the [[United Kingdom]]
* [[Mitchell Scholarship]] for any university in the [[Republic of Ireland]] or [[Northern Ireland]]
* [[Knight-Hennessy Scholars]] at [[Stanford University]]
* [[Jardine Scholarship]] at [[University of Oxford]] and [[University of Cambridge]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2010/2/16/cambridge-scholarship-gates-studies/ Coverage in the Harvard Crimson]

{{University of Cambridge}}
{{Global Scholars Group}}

[[Category:Awards and prizes of the University of Cambridge]]
[[Category:Scholarships in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]]
[[Category:Awards established in 2000]]

Shrimad Bhagavad Gita Rahasya

2026-03-16T15:52:59Z

Sovrenn: stub

{{short description|1915 Marathi book by Bal Gangadhar Tilak}}
{{italic title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
[[File:GitaRahasy1915CoverSideView.png|thumb|right|116x386px|''Shrimad Bhagvad Gita Rahasya'']]
'''''Shrimad Bhagvad Gita Rahasya''''', popularly also known as '''''Gita Rahasya''''' or '''''Karmayog Shastra''''', is a 1915 [[Marathi language]] book authored by Indian social reformer and independence activist [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]] while he was in prison at [[Mandalay]], Burma. It is the analysis of ''[[Karma yoga]]'' which finds its source in the [[Bhagavad Gita]], a sacred book for [[Hindu]]s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bal Gangadhar Tilak |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/595729/Bal-Gangadhar-Tilak |website=www.britannica.com |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |accessdate=10 June 2014}}</ref> According to him, the real message behind the Bhagavad Gita is ''Nishkam Karmayoga'' (selfless action), rather than ''Karma Sanyasa'' (renouncing of actions), which had become the popular message of Gita after [[Adi Shankara]].<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xa8cD95Mt4YC&pg=PA163 | title=Reading Gandhi | publisher=Pearson Education India | author=Mishra, Anil | pages=163 | isbn=978-8131799642| year=2012 }}</ref> He took the [[Mimamsa]] rule of interpretation as the basis of building up his thesis.<ref name="Datta1988">{{cite book |author=Amaresh Datta |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: devraj to jyoti|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&pg=PA1423 |year=1988 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=978-81-260-1194-0 |pages=1423–}}</ref>

== History and overview ==
This book consists of two parts. The first part is the philosophical exposition and the second part consists of the Gita, its translation and the commentary.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tilak |first1=Bal Gangadhar |title=Gita Rahasya - volumes 1 and 2 |url=https://archive.org/details/SrimadBhagavadGitaRahasya-BgTilak-Volumes1And2 |accessdate=28 June 2018|publisher=R. B. Tilak }}</ref>

The book was written by Tilak in pencil with his own handwriting while being imprisoned at the Mandalay jail from 1908 to 1914. The more-than-400 pages of script was written in less than four months and is hence in itself considered as "remarkable achievement".<ref name=Datta>{{cite book | title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Vol 2 | publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] | author=Amaresh Datta | year=1988 | pages=1423 | isbn=978-8126011940}}</ref> Although the writing was completed in the early years of his term, the book was only published in 1915, when he returned to [[Pune|Poona]].<ref name=Wolpert>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/tilakgokhalerevo0000wolp | url-access=registration | title=Tilak and Gokhale: Revolution and Reform in the Making of Modern India | publisher=University of California Press | author=Stanley A. Wolpert | authorlink=Stanley Wolpert | year=1962 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/tilakgokhalerevo0000wolp/page/263 263]}}</ref> He defended the ethical obligation to the active principle or action, as long the action was selfless and without personal interest or motive.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bhatt|first1=Chetan|title=Hindu Nationalism Origins, Ideologies and Modern Myths.|url=https://archive.org/details/hindunationalism00chet|url-access=registration|date=2001|publisher=Berg Publishers|location=Oxford|isbn=9781845209865|page=[https://archive.org/details/hindunationalism00chet/page/34 34]}}</ref>

In a speech on his, Gita Rahasya Tilak said "Various commentators have put as many interpretations on the book, and surely the writer or composer could not have written or composed the book for so many interpretations being put on it. He must have but one meaning and one purpose running through the book, and that I have tried to find out". He finds the message of the subservience of all yogas to Karmayoga or the yoga of action rather than the yoga of sole knowledge ([[jnanayoga]]) or of devotion ([[bhaktiyoga]]).<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Ortiz|editor1-first=Gaye Williams | editor2-last=Joseph|editor2-first=Clara A.B.|title=Theology and Literature Rethinking Reader Responsibility|url=https://archive.org/details/theologyliteratu00orti|url-access=limited|date=2006|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=New York|isbn=9781403982995|pages=[https://archive.org/details/theologyliteratu00orti/page/n148 136]–137|edition=1st}}</ref>

==Books on it==
Various authors have written books based on Tilak's ''Gita Rahasya'' and have also translated it into other languages.
* ''A Gist of Mr. Tilak's Gita-Rahasya Or Karma-Yoga-Shastra, Etc.''<ref name="JOSHĪ1916">{{cite book|author=VĀMANA MALHAR JOSHĪ|title=A Gist of Mr. Tilak's Gita-Rahasya Or Karma-Yoga-Shastra, Etc|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NI7fMgEACAAJ|year=1916}}</ref>
* Introduction to ''The Gita-rahasya'': Or ''The Fundamentals of Life and Living''<ref>{{cite book|title=Introduction to "The Gita-rahasya": Or "The Fundamentals of Life and Living"|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j5qSGwAACAAJ|year=1936|publisher=Kamala Press}}</ref>

===Translations===
* ''Gita Rahasya'' in [[Bengali language|Bengali]] by [[Jyotirindranath Tagore]]
* ''Gita Rahasya'' in [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] by [[Uttamlal Trivedi]]
* ''Gita Rahasya'' in [[Kannada language|Kannada]] by [[Aluru Venkata Rao]]

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
{{Wikisource|mr|श्रीमद्भवद्गीतारहस्य}}
*[https://archive.org/details/SrimadBhagavadGitaRahasya-BgTilak-Volumes1And2 ''Srimad Bhagavad Gita Rahasya'' - BG Tilak - Volumes 1 and 2]
* [https://mr.wikisource.org/wiki/श्रीमद्भवद्गीतारहस्य श्रीमद्भवद्गीतारहस्य at Marathi Wikisource ]

{{Bal Gangadhar Tilak}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Hindu texts]]
[[Category:Bhagavad Gita]]
[[Category:Marathi-language literature]]
[[Category:1915 non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Indian non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Philosophy books]]
[[Category:Prison writings]]
[[Category:Bal Gangadhar Tilak]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian books]]

St. Joseph's Higher Secondary School, Thiruvananthapuram

2026-03-09T17:02:20Z

Sovrenn: typo fix

{{short description|School in Trivandrum, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox school
| native_name =
| other_names = SJHSS, St Joseph's HSS
| image = St.JosephsHS9.jpg
| image_size =
| alt = St Joseph's Higher Secondary School
| caption =
| school_code = 43047
| logo = SJHSS Logo.png
| logo_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|8.4997|76.9454|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} 
| location = General Hospital Rd, Palayam
| motto = "Diligence Brings Excellence"
| established = {{Start date and age|1857|04|22}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Governor lauds St. Joseph's school |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/governor-lauds-st-josephs-school/article26188154.ece |access-date=23 January 2022 |issue=6 February 2019 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>
| founder = [[Carmelite Missionaries]]
| type = Boys' Government
| lower_age = 9
| upper_age = 18
| affiliations = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Trivandrum]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Institutions |url=https://www.latinarchdiocesetrivandrum.org/LatinArchdoicese/institutions |website=Latin Archdiocese of Trivandrum |access-date=23 January 2022}}</ref> [[Kerala Higher Secondary Examination Board]],<ref name="data bank">{{cite web |title=St Joseph's HSS Thiruvananthapuram |url=https://sametham.kite.kerala.gov.in/43047 |website=Sametham Kerala School Data Bank}}</ref> [[Kerala Board of Public Examination]]<ref>{{cite web |title=List of Schools In Thiruvananthapuram |url=http://dhsekerala.gov.in/schoolist.aspx?dcode=01 |website=Directorate of General Education |publisher=Government of Kerala}}</ref>
| patron = [[Saint Joseph]]
| status =
| category_label =
| category =
| gender = Boys
| administrator =
| president =
| rector =
| principal =
| campus_director =
| headmaster =
| dean =
| chaplain =
| officer_in_charge =
| enrollment = 2969<ref name="data bank" />
| faculty = 50<ref name="data bank" />
| houses = 4
| teaching_staff =
| grades_label =
| grades =
| address =
| city = [[Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala]]
| country = India
| postal_code = 695001
| district =
| oversight =
| accreditation = [[State Council of Educational Research and Training, Kerala|SCERT]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://dhsekerala.gov.in/schoolist.aspx?dcode=01 | title=Schoolist }}</ref>
| campus = {{cvt|2.8|acre}}
| colors =
| colours =
| athletics =
| student_union =
| nickname =
| mascot =
| free_label =
| free_text =
| rival =
| yearbook =
| newspaper =
| website = {{URL|stjosephshsstvpm.org}}
| footnotes =
}}
[[File:St. Joseph's Higher Secondary School, Thiruvananthapuram.jpg|thumb|366x366px]]

'''St Joseph's Higher Secondary School''' (informally '''St Joseph's''' or '''SJHSS''') is a government aided boys school in [[Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala]], India, which was established in 1857.<ref>{{cite web |title=Address at the 160th Anniversary of the St Joseph's Higher Secondary School, Thiruvananthapuram |url=https://www.rajbhavan.kerala.gov.in/index.php/speeches1/527-address-at-the-160th-anniversary-of-st-joseph-shigher-secondary-school-trivandrum-at-1000-hrs-on-05-02-2020 |website=Kerala Rajbhavan |publisher=Government Of Kerala}}</ref>

== Notable alumni ==
* [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]], film actor
* [[Sathyan (Malayalam actor)|Sathyan]], film actor and teacher
* [[Jagannathan (actor)|Jagannathan]], film actor
* [[Cherian Philip]], Indian politician
* [[Kadakampally Surendran]], Indian politician
* [[K. Muraleedharan]], Indian politician{{Citation needed|date=December 2024|reason=source needed to verify}}
* [[Sajeev Koshy]] OAM, Australian dental specialist in public dental service and recipient of Australian Honours
* [[Rojin Thomas]], screenwriter, cinema director
* [[Jobby Justin]], Indian footballer
* [[K. Jayakumar]], former chief secretary of Kerala
* [[A. V. Anoop]], film producer
* [[Sanju Samson]], Indian Cricketer{{Citation needed|date=December 2024|reason=source needed to verify}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://www.stjosephshsstvpm.org/ Official website]

[[Category:Boys' schools in India]]
[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Lists of schools in Kerala]]
[[Category:Schools in Thiruvananthapuram district]]
[[Category:Schools in Kerala]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1857]]
[[Category:1857 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1857 establishments in British India]]

{{Kerala-school-stub}}

Epitácio Pais

2026-03-07T10:54:29Z

Sovrenn: created redirect

{{short description|Indian writer and novelist (1924–2009)}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Epitácio Pais
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date = 1924
| birth_place = [[Batim]], [[Goa]], [[Portuguese India]]
| death_date = {{death year and age|2009|1924}}
| occupation = [[Short story|Short story writer]], [[Novelist]]
| period =
| genre =
| subject =
| movement =
| debut_works =
| influences =
| influenced =
| signature =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Epitácio Délio Pais''' (1924–2009) was an Indian [[short story]] writer and [[novelist]] who wrote in Portuguese.

==Early life and career==
Born to a ''bhatkar'', or landowning family, Pais was a primary school teacher by profession. He attended ''liceu'', or high school, in Portuguese before undergoing his teacher training. He contributed short stories in Portuguese to newspapers such as ''Diário de Goa'' and ''[[O Heraldo]]'' from the 1950s to the 1980s. He also participated in the Portuguese-language programme ''Renascença'', which ran on [[All-India Radio]] until the 1980s. For [[José Pereira (scholar)|José Pereira]], Pais was "one of Goa’s prominent writers of fiction in Portuguese".<ref>José Pereira Goa Today September 2000, accessed http://www.goa-world.com/goa/goatoday/sep2000/letters.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122053456/http://www.goa-world.com/goa/goatoday/sep2000/letters.htm |date=2015-11-22 }}, 3rd Aug 2010.</ref> For [[Manuel de Seabra]] and [[Vimala Devi]], Pais was a writer who felt the world around him in all his poetry and tragedy and whose writing was reminiscent of Russian writers like Turgenev and Korolenko.<ref>Vimala Devi and Manuel de Seabra.''A Literatura Indo-Portuguesa''. Lisbon: Junta das Investigações do Ultramar, 1973</ref>

==''Os Javalis de Codval''==

A collection of Pais's stories was published in Lisbon in 1973 by Editorial Futura under the title ''Os Javalis de Codval''.

===Themes===

Several key themes recur in the short narratives contained. One subject is matrimony, a particularly prevalent topos in Lusophone Goan writing for the discussion of caste identities and social mores. In stories such as “Ferdinando,” “De Mal a Pior” or “Um Diário e Duas Cartas” these perennial machinations are depicted within the context of a society undergoing deep social shifts that render these compacts even more fraught. Another subset of tales focuses on the breakdown of traditional rural society, featuring Hindu characters in the main and striking a similar tone to Pundalik Naik’s Konkani-language novel ''Upheaval'', perhaps the most prominent Goan novel to deal with this subject. These stories include “Uma Filha da Terra” and “Munu.” The third subgroup is represented by “Os javalis de Codval,” “O navio encalhado,” “História de minas,” “Outra história de minas” and “No comboio.” All of these narratives involve in some way a journey out into uncertainty, a setting forth in search of wealth, security or merely sustenance that ends in some sort of reversal. Both the journeys and the conditions under which they are undertaken resonate with the social, economic and political changes occurring in Goa at the time in which the stories are set.<ref>Paul Melo e Castro. "Out Into Uncertainty: The Lonely Voices of Epitácio Pais’s Goan Short Stories". ''Luso-Brazilian Review'', 51:2 (2014), pp.105-125</ref>

==Unpublished Stories==

At his death, Pais left behind a dozen uncollected stories. It is unclear whether they had been broadcast or published in the written press in some form. These stories extend Pais's concerns beyond 1973.

In 2003, the story "Um Portuguese em Baga" (A Portuguese in Baga) was published in the Portuguese-Language anthology of Goan writing "Onde O Moruoni Canta", which deals subtly with questions of identity in a post-colonial Goa.<ref>Paul Melo e Castro. 'Postcolonial Subjects in the Goan Short Stories: "A Portuguese Soldier's Story" by Lambert Mascarenhas and "Um Português em Baga" by Epitácio Pais', ''Ellipsis'', 11 (2013), pp.87-100 http://apsa.us/ellipsis/11/meloecastro.pdf</ref>

==''Preia-Mar''==

Pais left behind a novel in Portuguese which was published posthumously by Goa, 1556 under the title ''Preia-Mar'' in 2016. The novel follows the trajectory of a young Goan named Leo. From a privileged yet impoverished family, Leo tries to strike it rich by any means possible in the Goa of the 1970s. Moving through various strata representative of the society of his times – new ascendant classes linked to smuggling, mining and politics, hippies tired of the West in search of drugs and spirituality, the fishermen of the coast and repatriates from Idi Amin’s Uganda, the novel reaches a climax that defies local tradition even as it calls into question the principles of the new order.

==Bibliography==

*Epitácio Pais. ''Os Javalis de Codval''. Lisbon: Editorial Futura, 1973.
*Epitácio Pais. ''Preia-Mar''. Saigão, India: Goa, 1556, 2016.
*Epitácio Pais. "Um Português em Baga", in [[Alberto de Noronha]] (ed.) ''Onde O Moruoni Canta''. Goa: Third Millennium, 2003.

==Translations into English==
*Paul Melo e Castro. ''Lengthening Shadows''. Saligão, India: Goa, 1556, 2016
*''Weeds in the Red Dust: The Collected Stories of Epitácio Pais'', trans. Paul Melo e Castro. Margão, India: CinnamonTeal, 2024

==References==
<references/>

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pais, Epitacio}}
[[Category:Writers from Goa]]
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:2009 deaths]]
[[Category:Portuguese-language writers]]
[[Category:Indian male short story writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]

Komal Gandhar

2026-03-07T06:42:04Z

Sovrenn: formatting fix

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Komal Gandhar (A Soft Note on a Sharp Scale)
| image = Komal Gandhar DVD cover.jpg
| alt = Komal Gandhar DVD cover
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Ritwik Ghatak]]
| writer =
| screenplay = Ritwik Ghatak
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = Ritwik Ghatak
| starring =
| narrator =
| cinematography = Dilip Ranjan Mukhopadhyay
| editing = Ramesh Joshi
| music = Jyotirindra Moitra '''Lyrics''': [[Rabindranath Tagore]]
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1961|03|31|df=y}}
| runtime =
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Komal Gandhar''''' ({{langx|bn|কোমল গান্ধার}} ''Kōmal Gāndhār''),<ref name="Jain2009">{{cite book|author=Manju Jain|title=Narratives Of Indian Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ORE9TDOoU1IC&pg=PA81|access-date=8 July 2012|date=1 August 2009|publisher=Primus Books|isbn=978-81-908918-4-4|pages=81–}}</ref> also known as '''''A Soft Note on a Sharp Scale''''', is a 1961 [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali]] film<ref name="Burgoyne2009">{{cite book|author=Robert Burgoyne|title=The Epic Film|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Z9D1ShFrtkC&pg=PT394|access-date=8 July 2012|date=1 August 2009|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-415-99017-2|pages=394–}}</ref> written and directed by legendary film maker [[Ritwik Ghatak]].<ref name="E-Flat (1961)">{{cite web|title=E-Flat (1961)|url=https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/152410/E-Flat/credits|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514084830/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/152410/E-Flat/credits|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 May 2013|department=Movies & TV Dept.|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=2013|access-date=3 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2420/stories/20071019507309300.htm |title=Jinxed legacy |publisher=Hinduonnet.com |access-date=2010-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606115549/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2420/stories/20071019507309300.htm |archive-date=6 June 2011 |url-status=usurped }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?231934 |title=Of Time And The River… |publisher=www.outlookindia.com |date=2006-07-21 |access-date=2010-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100214015451/http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?231934 |archive-date=14 February 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The title refers to the [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani]] equivalent of "[[E♭ (musical note)|E-flat]]". It was part of the trilogy composed of ''[[Meghe Dhaka Tara (1960 film)|Meghe Dhaka Tara]]'' (1960), Komal Gandhar and ''[[Subarnarekha (film)|Subarnarekha]]'' (1962), all dealing with the aftermath of the [[Partition of India]] in 1947 and the refugees coping with it, though this was the most optimistic film of his oeuvre.<ref>{{cite book |title=Global Art Cinema: New Theories and Histories|author=Rosalind Galt|author2=Karl Schoonover |publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2010|isbn=978-0-19-538562-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UkmrQYWaYTYC&q=Komal+Gandhar+film&pg=PT431 }}</ref> The film explores three themes juxtaposed in the narrative: the dilemma of Anusuya, the lead character, the divided leadership of [[Indian People's Theatre Association|IPTA]], and the fallout from the partition of India.<ref>{{cite book |title=Ritwik Kumar Ghatak: a monograph|author= Haimanti Banerjee|publisher=National Film Archive of India |year=1985|isbn=81-201-0001-8 |pages=62–3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mmUeAQAAMAAJ&q=Komal+Gandhar }}</ref>

==Overview==
The film title was taken from the line of a poem<ref group=lower-alpha>Book: Punascha, poem: Komal–Gandhar; {{langx|bn|নাম রেখেছি কোমল গান্ধার, মনে মনে।}}</ref> by [[Rabindranath Tagore]] that meant a ''sur'' or note, [[E♭ (musical note)|E-flat]]. As in other films by Ghatak, music plays a pivotal role in the movie.

Through the microcosmic perspectivising of a group of devoted and uncompromising [[Indian People's Theatre Association|IPTA]] workers, Ghatak with his signature style touches on varied issues of [[Partition of Bengal (1947)|partition]], idealism, corruption, the interdependence of art and life, the scope of art, and class-struggle. Unlike his other films, this one runs along an upbeat mood with the lead pair of lovers (Vrigu and Anusua) being reunited.

==Cast==
* [[Supriya Devi]] as Anusuya
* Abanish Bannerjee as Bhrigu
* [[Bijon Bhattacharya]] as Gagan
* Satindra Bhattacharya as Shibnath
* [[Debabrata Biswas]]
* [[Chitra Sen]] as Jaya
* [[Anil Chatterjee]] as Rishi
* [[Gyanesh Mukherjee]]
* Satyabrata Chattopadhyay
* [[Gita Dey]] as Shanta

==Soundtrack==
Music was by Jyotirindra Moitra, from [[Indian People's Theatre Association|IPTA]], and a noted [[Rabindra Sangeet]] exponent who had previously given music in Ghatak's ''[[Meghe Dhaka Tara (1960 film)|Meghe Dhaka Tara]]'' (1960), and had song by singers like, [[Bijon Bhattacharya]], [[Debabrata Biswas]], [[Hemanga Biswas]]. [[Bahadur Khan (musician)|Bahadur Khan]] played [[sarod]] in the soundtrack. The film is noted for its wedding songs and also [[contrapuntal]] use of sound.<ref>''Indian horizons'', Volume 44. [[Indian Council for Cultural Relations]]., 1995. ''p. 127''.</ref>

== Screening of Komal Gandhar aka E-Flat in different festivals ==
*2017: Ritwik Ghatak Retrospective UK, at Dundee Contemporary Arts, Dundee, Scotland, UK, Programme curated by Sanghita Sen, Department of Film Studies, St Andrews University, UK [http://www.dca.org.uk/whats-on/event/e-flat]

== See also ==
* [[List of works of Ritwik Ghatak]]

==References==

===Citation===
{{reflist|2}}

===Notes===
{{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0055055}}
* [http://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/jc47.2005/ghatak/ A Review by Erin O'Donnell]

{{Ritwik Ghatak}}

[[Category:1961 films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Ritwik Ghatak]]
[[Category:Films set in the partition of India]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:1961 Bengali-language films]]

Prag Mahal

2026-03-07T06:18:03Z

Sovrenn: Made new post

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Short description|19th-century palace in Gujarat, India}}
[[File:Prag Mahal Bhuj.jpg|thumb|[[Italian Gothic architecture]] of Prag Mahal with clock tower on right]]
The '''Prag Mahal''' is a 19th-century palace located next to the [[Aina Mahal]] in [[Bhuj]], [[Kutch district|Kutch]], [[Gujarat]], India.

==History==
Prag Mahal is named after Rao [[Pragmalji II]], who commissioned it and construction began in 1865.<ref name=gsp>[http://www.gujaratindia.com/about-gujarat/palaces.htm "All about Gujarat: Palaces"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100103153843/http://gujaratindia.com/about-gujarat/palaces.htm |date=3 January 2010 }}. Gujarat State Portal.</ref><ref name=burglars>Haresh Pandya. [http://www.rediff.com/news/2006/sep/04guj.htm "Burglars targeting Gujarat palaces"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080328071508/http://www.rediff.com/news/2006/sep/04guj.htm |date=28 March 2008 }}. [[Rediff.com]] (4 September 2006).</ref> It was designed by Colonel [[Henry St Clair Wilkins]] in what the local tourist office describes as the [[Italian Gothic]] style,<ref name=gt/> although it would be better described as a [[Romanesque architecture]] twist on the [[Indo-Saracenic Revival architecture|Indo-Saracenic Revival]] style, and many Italian artisans were involved in its construction.<ref name=burglars/> The palace artisans' wages were paid in gold coins.<ref>K. S. Dilipsinh. ''Kutch in festival and custom''. Har-Anand Publications (2004), [https://books.google.com/books?id=oPUFiGRH07IC&pg=PA81 p. 81]. {{ISBN|978-81-241-0998-4}}.</ref> Construction of the palace, which ultimately cost 3.1 million [[Indian rupee|rupees]],<ref name=burglars/> was completed in 1879 during the regency of [[Khengarji III]] (Pragmalji II's son) following Pragmalji II's death in 1875.<ref name=gsp/><ref>K. S. Dilipsinh. ''Kutch in festival and custom''. Har-Anand Publications (2004), [https://books.google.com/books?id=oPUFiGRH07IC&pg=PA22 p. 22]. {{ISBN|978-81-241-0998-4}}.</ref><ref>''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency'', vol. 5. Government Central Press (1880), [https://books.google.com/books?id=_r4MAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA254 p. 254].</ref> The local Kutchi builder community ([[Mistris of Kutch]]) were also involved in construction of Prag Mahal along with Colonel Wilkins.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.asanjokutch.com/content/monuments.asp?main_cat=visitor |title=This palace was built for Rao Pragmalji II (1860-75) by the British architects and the Kutchi builders |access-date=4 September 2010 |archive-date=7 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707172735/http://www.asanjokutch.com/content/monuments.asp?main_cat=visitor |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>''Nanji Bapa ni Nondh-pothi'' published from Baroda, in the [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], 1999. pp:5-7.</ref>

[[File:Prag Mahal4.jpg|thumb|Main Hall]]

==Notable features==
*The palace is made of Italian marble and sandstone from [[Rajasthan]].
*The main hall, filled with decaying taxidermy<ref>Jane Yang. ''Let's Go India & Nepal''. [[Let's Go Travel Guides|Let's Go]] (2003), [https://books.google.com/books?id=i_QnM3nATkQC&pg=PA218 pp. 218-19]. {{ISBN|978-0-312-32006-5}}.</ref>
*[[Durbar (court)|Durbar Hall]], with broken chandeliers and classical statues<ref name=lp/>
*[[Corinthian pillars]]<ref name=gsp/>
*[[Jali]] work depicting European plants and animals<ref name=gsp/>
*It has 45 foot high tower with a clock, from where you can see the entire Bhuj city.<ref name=gsp/>
*There is also a small temple in the courtyard behind the palace with nicely carved stonework.<ref name=gt/>

==Restoration==
The [[2001 Gujarat earthquake]] severely damaged the palace.<ref name=dna/> In 2006, the palace was burgled, with thieves stealing antiques worth millions of rupees and damaging other items throughout the palace.<ref name=burglars/> As of 2007, the palace was in a "ghostly", "forlorn" state.<ref name=lp/> The palace and the tower were later repaired, after [[Amitabh Bachchan]] took personal interest in restoration of palace,<ref name=dna>{{cite news | url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-prag-mahal-to-be-renovated-on-amitabh-bachchan-s-suggestion-1399330 | title=Prag Mahal to be renovated on Amitabh Bachchan's suggestion | publisher=DNA India | date=21 June 2010 | author=PTI | accessdate=29 December 2018 | archive-date=30 December 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230030245/https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-prag-mahal-to-be-renovated-on-amitabh-bachchan-s-suggestion-1399330 | url-status=live }}</ref> and its tower and clock have been repaired and are now open for public viewing. The Darbar Hall of the majestic Pragmahal Palace was renovated by the Maharao Pragmalji-III at a personal cost of Rs 5 crore. Visitors may enter the main palace halls and ascend the bell tower, which offers views of the city.<ref name=gsp/><ref name=gt>[http://www.gujarattourism.com/showpage.aspx?contentid=44&webpartid=48 "Prag Mahal"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100103203600/http://gujarattourism.com/showpage.aspx?contentid=44&webpartid=48 |date=2010-01-03 }}. Gujarat Tourism.</ref>

==In popular culture==

Scenes from the Bollywood blockbusters ''[[Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam]]'' and ''[[Lagaan]]'', as well as a number of Gujarati films, were shot in the palace.<ref name=burglars/><ref name=lp>Joe Bindloss & Sarina Singh. ''India''. [[Lonely Planet]] (2007), [https://books.google.com/books?id=T7ZHUhSEleYC&pg=PA760 p. 760]. {{ISBN|978-1-74104-308-2}}.</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="134">
File:PragMahal-Bhuj-Gujarat-JM18.jpg|Durbar Hall
File:Clock Tower Pragmahal Bhuj Kutch Gujarat.jpg|Clock Tower
File:Prag Mahal.jpg|Back side of Prag Mahal
File:Prag Mahal Palace Bhuj.jpg|Full View of Prag Mahal
File:Prag Mahal12.jpg
File:Pragmahal ßhuj, india.jpg
File:Playground of Prag Mahal.jpg|[[Akhara|Akhada]] of Prag Mahal
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Aina Mahal]]
*[[Vijaya Vilas Palace]]

==References==
{{Commons category}}
{{Reflist}}

{{coord|23.25479|69.66833|display=title}}

[[Category:Palaces in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Bhuj]]
[[Category:Royal residences in India]]
[[Category:Rajput architecture]]
[[Category:History of Kutch]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Kutch district]]
[[Category:1879 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Museums in Gujarat]]

Oli Ki Suki

2026-03-04T09:42:58Z

Sovrenn: Made a post...

{{Short description|2017 Indian Marathi-language film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Oli Ki Suki
| image = Oli Ki Suki.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name =
| director = Anand Dilip Gokhale
| writer =
| based_on =
| producer = Vaibhav Uttamrao Joshi
| starring = {{Plainlist|
*[[Tejashree Pradhan]]
*Sanjay Khapare
*[[Bhargavi Chirmule]]
}}
| cinematography = Yogesh Prabhakar Rajguru
| editing = Sanket Jyoti Arvind
| music = Mayuresh Madhav Joshi
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2017|05|26}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| budget =
}}
'''''Oli Ki Suki''''' is a 2017 Indian [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language film directed by Anand Dilip Gokhale.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/launch-first-poster-oli-ki-suki/|title=Launch of the first poster of Oli ki Suki|date=25 April 2017|work=[[Lokmat]]|language=mr|access-date=6 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006135213/https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/launch-first-poster-oli-ki-suki/ |archive-date=6 October 2023}}</ref> Produced by Vaibhav Uttamrao Joshi, the film stars [[Tejashree Pradhan]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/marathi-film-oli-ki-suki-trailer-released-1339767/ |title='ओली की सुकी' सिनेमाचा ट्रेलर प्रदर्शित |date=15 November 2016|work=[[Loksatta]]|language=mr|access-date=22 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922085225/https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/marathi-film-oli-ki-suki-trailer-released-1339767/ |archive-date=22 September 2023}}</ref> Sanjay Khapare, [[Bhargavi Chirmule]] and Sharvari Lokhare. Mayuresh Joshi composed the music with cinematography by Yogesh Rajguru. It was released theatrically on 26 May 2017.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/oli-ki-suki-will-soon-meet-audience/ |title=ओली की सुकी लवकरच प्रेक्षकांच्या भेटीस |date=22 May 2017|work=[[Lokmat]]|language=mr|access-date=22 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922085759/https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/oli-ki-suki-will-soon-meet-audience/ |archive-date=22 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/tejashri-pradhan-marathi-movie-oli-ki-suki-trailer-released-1470130/ |title=जिंदगीला नडायला शिकवणाऱ्या 'ओली की सुकी' चित्रपटाचा ट्रेलर प्रदर्शित! |date=10 May 2017|work=[[Loksatta]]|language=mr|access-date=4 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004202957/https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/tejashri-pradhan-marathi-movie-oli-ki-suki-trailer-released-1470130/ |archive-date=4 October 2023}}</ref>

==Synopsis==
A bunch of underprivileged children invest their time in petty theft. However, their lives change forever when Radhika, a philanthropist, walks into their lives.

==Cast==
*[[Tejashree Pradhan]] as Radhika Deshpande
*Chinmay Sant as Kiran aka Hadkya
*Sanjay Khapare
*[[Bhargavi Chirmule]]
*Sharvari Lokhare
*Suhas Shirsat
*[[Varsha Usgaonkar]]
*[[Subodh Bhave]]

==Release==
===Theatrical===
''Oli Ki Sukhi'' was theatrically released on 26 May 2023.<ref name=":0" />

===Home media===
The film was digitally released on 4 January 2024 on [[Ultra Jhakaas]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maingade |first=Vaishnavi |date=2024-01-02 |title=Ultra Jhakaas : ‘ओली की सुकी’ चित्रपट ‘अल्ट्रा झकास’ मराठी ओटीटीवर |url=https://www.marathi.hindusthanpost.com/special/ultra-jhakaas-oli-ki-suki-movie-ultra-jhakaas-on-marathi-ott/ |access-date=2024-02-26 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Reception==
===Critical response===
The reviews that the film received were generally not flattering. Ganesh Matkari of ''[[Pune Mirror]]'' wrote "Perhaps, with a better plot and a lot more grey shades, Oli Ki Suki could have been a much better film".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punemirror.com/entertainment/marathi-reviews/film-review-oli-ki-suki/cid5088010.htm |title=FILM REVIEW: OLI KI SUKI |date=26 May 2017|work=[[Pune Mirror]]|language=en|access-date=22 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922082702/https://punemirror.com/entertainment/marathi-reviews/film-review-oli-ki-suki/cid5088010.htm |archive-date=22 September 2023}}</ref> Keyur Seta from Cinestaan.com says "Overall, Oli Ki Suki is a film with good intentions and has a few moving moments. But the few positives are clearly overshadowed by the many negatives".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/reviews/oli-ki-suki-16462/amp |title=Oli Ki Suki review: Good intentions aren't enough to make this film a good one |date=26 May 2017|work=Cinestaan.com|language=en|access-date=22 September 2023|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922083333/https://www.cinestaan.com/reviews/oli-ki-suki-16462/amp |archive-date=22 September 2023}}</ref> A reviewer from ''[[Maharashtra Times]]'' says "'Oli Ki Suki' feels like a documentary due to the lack of integration of elements required for cinema. As a result, even if the subject is good, it is wasted simply because the treatment is not good enough".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/oli-ki-suki-movie-review/moviereview/58848469.cms |title=ओली की सुकी : थोडी ओली थोडी सुकी |date=26 May 2017|work=[[Maharashtra Times]]|language=mr|access-date=22 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922084101/https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/oli-ki-suki-movie-review/moviereview/58848469.cms |archive-date=22 September 2023}}</ref> Shalaka Nalawade from ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote "'Rest of the established actors are mere caricatures of their characters, including a dying mother, an angry disabled father, as well as a vengeful police inspector. Skip this one".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/oli-ki-suki/movie-review/58867342.cms |title=Oli Ki Suki Movie Review |date=26 May 2017|work=[[The Times of India]]|language=en|access-date=22 September 2023|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922084645/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/oli-ki-suki/movie-review/58867342.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=22 September 2023}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt8753520}}

[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:2017 Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]

Goshta Eka Paithanichi

2026-03-04T09:38:11Z

Sovrenn: Starting The Entry V1 - done

{{Short description|Indian Marathi-language film}}
{{No plot|date=June 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Goshta Eka Paithanichi
| image = Goshta_Eka_Paithanichi_official_Poster.jpeg
| director = Shantanu Rode
| alt =
| caption = Official poster
| producer = Akshay Bardapurkar Abhayanand Singh Piiyush Singh Saurabh Gupta
| writer = Shantanu Rode
| starring = [[Sayali Sanjeev]] [[Suvrat Joshi]]
| music = Susmit Limaye
| cinematography = Devendra Golatkar
| editing = Manish Shirke
| studio = [[Planet Marathi]] Golden Ratio Films Films Lakeside Productions
| distributor = [[AA Films]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2022|12|02}}
| runtime = 123 minutes
| country = India
| language = Marathi
}}

'''''Goshta Eka Paithanichi''''' ({{Translation|Tale of a [[Paithani]]}}) is a 2022 [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language film written and directed by Shantanu Ganesh Rode, produced by [[Akshay Bardapurkar]], Abhayanand Singh, and Piiyush Singh under the banner of [[Planet Marathi]], Golden Ratio Films, and Lakeside Productions. The film stars [[Sayali Sanjeev]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/sayali-sanjeev-gosht-eka-paithanichi-1502825401.html|title=Sayali Sanjeev in Gosht Eka Paithanichi|newspaper=The Statesman|access-date=30 May 2021|date=22 November 2019}}</ref> [[Suvrat Joshi]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Suvrat Joshi to star alongside Sayali Sanjeev in Gosht Eka Paithanichi |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2019/dec/11/23555/suvrat-joshi-to-star-alongside-sayali-sanjeev-in-gosht-eka-paithanichi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304084832/https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2019/dec/11/23555/suvrat-joshi-to-star-alongside-sayali-sanjeev-in-gosht-eka-paithanichi |url-status=live |archive-date=4 March 2020 |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=Cinestaan}}</ref> [[Milind Gunaji]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/gosht-eka-paithanichi-milind-gunaji-joins-the-cast-of-sayali-sanjeev-and-suvrat-joshi-starrer/articleshow/74331350.cms|title='Gosht Eka Paithanichi': Milind Gunaji joins the cast of Sayali Sanjeev and Suvrat Joshi starrer-The Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=27 Feb 2020}}</ref> and [[Mrinal Kulkarni]].

The film won the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Marathi]] at India's [[68th National Film Awards]].
Sayli won Filmfare award for best actress at Filmfare Awards <ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=68th National Film Awards: Sayali Sanjeev's 'Goshta Eka Paithanichi' wins Best Feature Film - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/68th-national-film-awards-sayali-sanjeevs-goshta-eka-paithanichi-wins-best-feature-film/articleshow/93056126.cms |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=National Film Awards :'गोष्ट एका पैठणीची' सर्वोत्कृष्ट मराठी चित्रपट |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/68th-national-film-awards-gosht-eka-paithanichi-won-best-marathi-film/articleshow/93054086.cms |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Sayali Sanjeev Chandsarkar|Sayali Sanjeev]] as Indrayani
*[[Suvrat Joshi]] as Sujit<ref>{{Cite web |title=Goshta Eka Paithanichi: Suvrat Joshi Takes Lessons On How To Be A 'Florist' For His Upcoming Marathi Film {{!}} SpotboyE |url=https://www.spotboye.com/marathi/marathi-news/goshta-eka-paithanichi-suvrat-joshi-takes-lessons-on-how-to-be-a-florist-for-his-upcoming-marathi-film/5def8398fc4a991fc3877edd |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=www.spotboye.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title='Goshta Eka Paithanichi': Suvrat Joshi to play THIS role in his next - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/goshta-eka-paithanichi-suvrat-joshi-to-play-this-role-in-his-next/articleshow/72435277.cms |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
*Aarav Shetye as Shree
*[[Mrinal Kulkarni]] as Smitatai
*[[Mohan Joshi]] as Karandikar
*[[Milind Gunaji]] as Inamdar
*[[Shashank Ketkar]] as Subodh<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zore |first=Suyog |title=Shashank Ketkar to star with Sayali Sanjeev, Suvrat Joshi in Gosht Eka Paithanichi |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2020/jan/30/24241/shashank-ketkar-to-star-with-sayali-sanjeev-suvrat-joshi-in-gosht-eka-paithanichi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629184101/https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2020/jan/30/24241/shashank-ketkar-to-star-with-sayali-sanjeev-suvrat-joshi-in-gosht-eka-paithanichi |url-status=live |archive-date=29 June 2021 |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=Cinestaan}}</ref>
*Aditi Dravid as Meena
*Prajakta Hanamghar as Chanda
*[[Madhura Velankar|Madhura Velankar-Satam]] as Akkasaheb
*[[Girija Oak|Girija Oak Godbole]] as Sheela
*Savita Malpekar as Aaji
*Suhita Thatte as Mai
*Sandeep Redkar as Fatakewala
*Jaywant Wadkar as Driver
*Sunil Holkar as Ashok
*Ganesh Yadav as Thief
*Poornima Ahire Kende
*Nidhi Rasane as Pinki

== Production ==
[[Principal photography]] began on 24 November 2019 in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Goshta Eka Paithanichi : Sayali Sanjeev Shares The First Poster; Check It Out-mid-day |date=22 November 2019 |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/goshta-eka-paithanichi-sayali-sanjeev-shares-the-first-poster-check-it-out/22136184 |access-date=22 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sayali Sanjeev looks promising in the first look poster of 'Goshta Eka Paithanichi'-The Times of India |newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/sayali-sanjeev-looks-promising-in-the-first-look-poster-of-goshta-eka-paithanichi/articleshow/72180166.cms |access-date=22 November 2019}}</ref> Filming also took place in [[Pune]] and [[Bhor]]. Principal photography wrapped up in February 2020.<ref>{{cite news |title='Goshta Eka Paithanichi': Sayali Sanjeev calls it a wrap, shares film's clapboard |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/goshta-eka-paithanichi-sayali-sanjeev-calls-it-a-wrap-shares-films-clapboard/articleshow/74186435.cms |access-date=18 Feb 2020 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Goshta Eka Paithanichi: Its A Wrap! Sayalee Sanjeev And Suvrat Joshi Starrer Upcoming Marathi Film Completes Its Shoot -spotboye |url=https://www.spotboye.com/marathi/marathi-news/goshta-eka-paithanichi-its-a-wrap-sayalee-sanjeev-and-suvrat-joshi-starrer-upcoming-marathi-film-completes-its-shoot/5e4bcad09161ff1271d4b9bf |access-date=18 Feb 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='Goshta Eka Paithanichi' teaser:: Shantanu Ganesh Rode takes us on an emotional journey with Sayali Sanjeev - The Times Of India |newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/goshta-eka-paithanichi-teaser-shantanu-ganesh-rode-takes-us-on-an-emotional-journey-with-sayali-sanjeev/articleshow/75671134.cms |access-date=11 May 2020}}</ref> A official teaser of the film was released on 11 May 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seta |first=Keyur |title=Goshta Eka Paithanichi teaser: Village girl Sayali Sanjeev's dreams revolve around a Paithani saree |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2020/may/11/25605/goshta-eka-paithanichi-teaser-village-girl-sayali-sanjeev-s-dreams-revolve-around-a-paithani-saree |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809225922/https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2020/may/11/25605/goshta-eka-paithanichi-teaser-village-girl-sayali-sanjeev-s-dreams-revolve-around-a-paithani-saree |url-status=live |archive-date=9 August 2020 |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=Cinestaan}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Bahar Aala
| length1 = 2:42
| lyrics1 = Manik-Ganesh
| music1 = Manik-Ganesh
| extra1 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
| title2 = Paithani
| length2 = 2:12
| lyrics2 = Manik-Ganesh
| music2 = Manik-Ganesh
| extra2 = [[Bela Shende]]
| total_length = 4:54
}}

== Release ==
The film was released on 2 December 2022.

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Awards
!Year
!Category
!Recipient(s)
!Result
!scope="col" class="unsortable"| {{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
|[[National Film Awards]]
|[[68th National Film Awards|2020]]
|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Marathi|Best Feature Film in Marathi]]
|Goshta Eka Paithanichi
|{{won}}
|<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
|-
| rowspan="8" |[[Maharashtra State Film Awards]]
| rowspan="8" |[[58th Maharashtra State Film Awards|2024]]
|Best Film III
|Goshta Eka Paithanichi
|{{Won}}
| rowspan="8" |
|-
|Best Director III
| rowspan="4" |Shantanu Rode
|{{Won}}
|-
|Best Dialogue
|{{Won}}
|-
|Best Screenplay
|{{Won}}
|-
|Best Story
|{{Won}}
|-
|[[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|[[Sayali Sanjeev]]
|{{Nom}}
|-
||Best Choreography
|Sujit Kumar
|{{Nom}}
|-
|Best Editing
|Manish Shirke
|{{Won}}
|-
|Rowspan="5"|[[Filmfare Awards Marathi]]
|Rowspan="5"|[[7th Filmfare Awards Marathi]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Marathi]]
|[[Sayali Sanjeev]]
|{{Won}}
|
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Story – Marathi]]
|Shantanu Rode
|{{Won}}
|
|-
|Filmfare Award for Best dialogue – Marathi
|Rowspan="2"|Shantanu Rode
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
|[[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Film – Marathi]]
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
|[[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress – Marathi]]
|[[Sayali Sanjeev]]
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
|Rowspan="5"|2023
|Rowspan="5"|[[Fakt Marathi Cine Sanman]]
|[[Fakt Marathi Cine Sanman for Best Actress in a Lead Role]]
|[[Sayali Sanjeev]]
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
|[[Fakt Marathi Cine Sanman for Best Film]]
|[[Planet Marathi]], Golden Ratio Films, Films Lakeside Productions
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
|Best Director
|Rowspan="3"|Shantanu Rode
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
|Best Story
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
| Best Screenplay
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
|2023
|Sakal Premier Awards
|Premier Best Actress
|[[Sayali Sanjeev]]
|{{Won}}
|
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|11324320}}

{{National Film Award Best Feature Film Marathi}}

[[Category:2022 Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]

Chinna Madam

2026-03-03T04:54:31Z

Sovrenn: expand lead based on references and improved wording to improve readability

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Chinna Madam.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Dilip Kumar
| writer = Dilip Kumar
| producer = [[R. B. Choudary]]
| starring = {{ubl|[[Ramki]]|[[Vineetha]]|[[Nadhiya]]}}
| cinematography = R. Raja Ratnam
| editing = B. Ramesh
| music = [[Sirpy]]
| studio = [[Super Good Films]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1994|07|15}}
| runtime = 140 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Chinna Madam''''' ({{translation|Younger Madam}}) is a 1994 Indian [[Tamil language]] film directed by Dilip Kumar and produced by [[R. B. Choudary]]. The film stars [[Ramki]], [[Vineetha]] and [[Nadhiya]]. It was released on 15 July 1994.<ref>{{cite web |title=chinna medam ( 1994 ) |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/newfilmdb.cgi?name=chinna%20medam |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061029124740/http://cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/newfilmdb.cgi?name=chinna%20medam |archive-date=29 October 2006 |access-date=9 December 2012 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref>

==Plot==
{{more plot|date=January 2023}}
Gopal is sentenced to death for killing his wife Gayathri, and his last wish is meeting the feminist writer Tamilarasi. When Gopal meets Tamilarasi, he tells her about his bitter past.

In the past, Gopal was from a middle-class family and lived with his mother Sharadha and his mentally ill sister Chithra. He fell in love with the rich city girl Gayathri and eventually married her. Gayathri and Gopal started to quarrel about small matters, and Gayathri did not like the fact that he was not rich. Finally, Gayathri removed her [[Mangalasutra|thaali]] and filed for a divorce. Heartbroken, his mother, Sharadha, died of a heart attack. When Gopal proceeded with his mother's cremation, he became angry, and he ran with a fire torch to Gayathri's house, where he discovered Gayathri already being on fire.

After hearing his version of events, Tamilarasi decides to save Gopal at any cost before his execution.

==Cast==

{{cast listing|
*[[Ramki]] as Gopal
*[[Vineetha]] as Gayathri
*[[Nadhiya]] as Tamilarasi
*[[Yuvarani]] as Meera
*[[Vinodhini]] as Chithra
*[[J. Livingston|Livingston]] as a lawyer
*[[Raja Ravindra]] as a police officer
*[[C. R. Vijayakumari]] as Sharadha
*[[Senthil]] as Alexander
*[[R. Sundarrajan]] as Gayathri's father
*[[Sathyapriya]] as Gayathri's mother
*[[Ra. Sankaran]] as a judge
*Latha as Shanthi
*[[Thyagu (actor)|Thyagu]] as Thangarasu, a producer
*[[Pandu (actor)|Pandu]] as a director
*[[Shanmugasundari]]
*[[Riyaz Khan]] as Gopal's friend (uncredited role)
*[[Raghava Lawrence]] as Special appearance in the song "Kora Kizhangukku"
}}

==Soundtrack==
The soundtrack was composed by [[Sirpy]], with lyrics written by [[Vairamuthu]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 August 2014 |title=Chinna Madam (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) - EP |url=https://music.apple.com/ca/album/chinna-madam-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1184908785 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230824135546/https://music.apple.com/ca/album/chinna-madam-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1184908785 |archive-date=24 August 2023 |access-date=24 August 2023 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chinna Madam / Galatta Mappillai |url=https://avdigital.in/products/chinna-madam-galatta-mappillai-1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824135925/https://avdigital.in/products/chinna-madam-galatta-mappillai-1 |archive-date=24 August 2023 |access-date=24 August 2023 |website=AVDigital}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer(s) !! Duration
|-
| "Chinna Chinna Idangalai" || [[Sujatha Mohan]], [[Mano (singer)|Mano]] || 4:48
|-
| "Chinna Chinna Idangalai" || Sujatha Mohan, Mano || 4:37
|-
| "Kora Kizhangukku Kodi" || [[Malgudi Subha]], [[Swarnalatha]], Mano || 4:17
|-
| "Muthu Muthu Pennoruthi" || Mano, [[K. S. Chithra]] || 4:12
|-
| "Oru Pounnu Nenacha" || Sujatha Mohan || 4:25
|-
| "Putham Puthu Oorukku" || [[Unni Menon]] || 4:25
|}

==Reception==
Malini Mannath of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote, "The knot had potential, but the script is insipid the treatment listless and the performances in general far from inspiring".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=15 July 1994 |title=Insipid |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19940715&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=19 January 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=7 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}

[[Category:1994 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1994 films]]
[[Category:1994 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films about capital punishment]]
[[Category:Films produced by R. B. Choudary]]
[[Category:Films scored by Sirpy]]
[[Category:Indian courtroom films]]
[[Category:Super Good Films films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

M. Bhanumathi

2026-02-28T15:53:30Z

Sovrenn: small added citations per sources and improved wording as per guidelines

{{Short description|Indian actress (1946–2013)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = M. Bhanumathi
| image = M. Bhanumathi.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth year|1946}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death date and age|2013|2|4 |1946|df=yes}}
| death_place = {{nowrap|[[Teynampet]], [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]}}<ref name="thehindu"/>
| occupation = [[Actress]], [[Indian classical dance|Classical dance]]r
| awards = [[Kalaimamani]] Awards <ref name="thehindu1"/>
| years_active = 1965 - 2013
| parents =
| spouse =
| children = Venkadalakshmi (daughter)
| relatives = [[Vazhuvoor B. Ramaiyah Pillai]]<ref name="thehindu1"/>
}}

'''M. Bhanumathi''' (1946 – 4 February 2013) was an Indian actress, who was active in [[Tamil cinema]] during the latter 20th Century. She was well known playing negative and supporting roles. She acted in more than 100 films in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Malayalam]] and [[Kannada]] and some [[Television series]].<ref name="thehindu">{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Grill-Mill-ndash-M.-Bhanumathi/article15538280.ece |title=Grill Mill - M. Bhanumathi |last=Ashok Kumar |first=S. R. |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=29 January 2013 |access-date=15 May 2019}}</ref><ref name="antrukandamugam">{{cite web |url=http://www.antrukandamugam.wordpress.com/2013/11/11/m-bhanumathi/ |title=அன்று கண்ட முகம் - எம். பானுமதி |date=11 November 2013 |access-date=15 May 2019 |publisher=antrukandamugam.worpress}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Bhanumathi living with her only daughter Venkatalakshmi<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tamilstar.org/tamil/news-id-bhanumathi-no-more-bhanumathi-passed-away-05-02-13131577.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=17 May 2019 |archive-date=17 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517073454/http://www.tamilstar.org/tamil/news-id-bhanumathi-no-more-bhanumathi-passed-away-05-02-13131577.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Teynampet]], Poyas Road in [[Chennai]].{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}} She was suffering from [[Jaundice]] and was under treatment for many months before she died at the age of 67, on 4 February 2013.<ref name="thehindu1">{{cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/noted-in-life-unnoticed-in-death/article4653639.ece |title=Noted in Life Unnoticed in Death |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathy |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=25 April 2013 |access-date=16 May 2019}}</ref>

==Other works==
Bhanumathi worked along with [[Sivaji Ganesan]] in ''Sivaji Nataka Mandram'', where she was part of ''Jahangir'', ''Kaalam Kanda Kavingnan'', ''Neethiyin Nizhal'', ''Vietnam Veedu'' and ''Vengaiyin Maindhan''.<ref name="thehindu"/> and [[Major Sundarrajan]]'s ''NSN Theatre'', actor [[Sivakumar]] says, She was the heroine of almost all over hit plays such as ''Achchaani'', ''Appavi'', ''Delhi Mappillai'', and ''Sondham'',<ref name="thehindu1"/> and also she done shows with the actors likes of [[Cho Ramaswamy|Cho]], [[Jaishankar (actor)|Jaishankar]], [[V. Gopalakrishnan (actor)|V. Gopalakrishnan]], [[V. S. Raghavan]] and Shesatri.<ref name="thehindu1"/>

==Filmography==
{{Incomplete list|date=May 2019}}

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|+
|- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"
! scope="col" | Year
!scope="col"| Title
!scope="col"| Role
!scope="col"| Language
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| 1965
! scope="row" | ''[[Nee (film)|Nee]]''
| Cameo Appearance
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|<ref name="ReleaseToday">{{Cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19650821&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |title=Nee! |date=21 August 1965 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=10}}</ref>
|-
| 1966
! scope="row" | ''[[Kumari Penn]]''
|
|Tamil
|
|-
| 1968
! scope="row" |''[[Poovum Pottum]]''
| Kamala
| Tamil
|
|-
| 1968
! scope="row" | ''[[Thillana Mohanambal]]''
| Nurse Mary
| Tamil
|
|-
| 1968
! scope="row"| ''[[Thirumal Perumai]]''
| [[Goddess Lakshmi]]
| Tamil
|
|-
|1968
! scope="row" | ''[[Neelagiri Express]]''
|Dancer
|Tamil
|
|-
| 1969
! scope="row"| ''[[Akka Thangai]]''
|Bhanumathi
| Tamil
| <ref name=Anandan>{{cite book |last=Film News |first=Anandan |author-link=Film News Anandan |title=Sadhanaigal Padaitha Thamizh Thiraipada Varalaru (Tamil Film History and Its Achievements) |year=2004 |publisher=Sivagamai Publications |pages=738}}</ref>
|-
| 1969
! scope="row"| ''[[Annaiyum Pithavum]]''
|
| Tamil
|
|-
| 1969
! scope="row"| ''[[Deiva Magan]]''
| Nirmala's friend
| Tamil
|
|-
| 1969
! scope="row"| ''[[Nirai Kudam]]''
| Chithra
| Tamil
|
|-
| 1969
! scope="row"| ''Thulabharam''
| Dancer
| Tamil
|
|-
| 1970
! scope="row"| ''[[CID Shankar]]''
| Sujatha Rani
| Tamil
|
|-
| 1970
! scope="row"| ''[[Engirundho Vandhaal]]''
| Mohana
| Tamil
|
|-
| 1970
! scope="row"| ''Kadhal Jothi''
|
|Tamil
|
|-
| 1970
! scope="row"| ''[[Nizhalattam]]''
| Madhavi
| [[Malayalam]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/nizhalattam-1970/article5204338.ece/ |title=Nizhalattam (1970) |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=6 October 2013}}</ref>
|-
| 1970
! scope="row"| ''[[Raman Ethanai Ramanadi]]''
| Sumathi
| Tamil
|
|-
| 1970
! scope="row"| ''[[Sorgam]]''
|
| Tamil
|
|-
| 1970
! scope="row"| ''[[Vietnam Veedu]]''
| Sumathi
| Tamil
|
|-
|1971
! scope="row"| ''[[Thirumagal]]''
| Bhanu
| Tamil
|
|-
|1972
! scope="row"| ''[[Agathiyar]]''
| Kakkai Padiniyaar
| Tamil
|
|-
|1972
! scope="row"| ''Idho Enthan Deivam''
|
| Tamil
|
|-
|1972
! scope="row"| ''[[Enna Muthalali Sowkiyama]]''
|
| Tamil
|
|-
|1972
! scope="row"| ''[[Thiruneelakandar]]''
| Kalavathi
| Tamil
|
|-
|1972
! scope="row"| ''Ashirvadham''
|
| Tamil
|
|-
| 1973
! scope="row"| ''[[Komatha En Kulamatha]]''
| Mohana
| Tamil
|
|-
|1973
! scope="row"| ''Valli Deivanai''
|
| Tamil
|
|-
| 1974
! scope="row" |''Penn Ondru Kanden''
|
| Tamil
|
|-
|1974
! scope="row" |''[[Athaiya Mamiya]]''
| Chandra
| Tamil
|
|-
|1974
! scope="row" |''Ore Satchi''
|
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cinestaan.com/movies/ore-satchi-17965 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517054158/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/ore-satchi-17965 |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 May 2019 |title=Ore Satchi}}</ref>
|-
|1974
! scope="row" |''Samayalkaran''
|
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|
|-
|1974
! scope="row"| ''Tiger Thathachari''
|
|Tamil
|
|-
| 1975
! scope="row"| ''[[Manidhanum Dheivamagalam]]''
|
| Tamil
|
|-
| 1975
! scope="row"| ''[[Vaazhnthu Kaattugiren]]''
| Lakshmi
| Tamil
|
|-
| 1976
! scope="row"| ''[[Vazhvu En Pakkam]]''
| Priya
| Tamil
|
|-
| 1977
! scope="row"| ''[[Avan Oru Sarithiram]]''
|
| Tamil
|
|-
|1977
! scope="row"| ''Murugan Adimai''
|
| Tamil
|
|-
|1981
! scope="row"| ''Kadavulin Theerpu''
|
| Tamil
|
|-
|1987
! scope="row"| ''[[Koottu Puzhukkal]]''
|
| Tamil
|
|-
| 1990
! scope="row"| ''Geethanjali''
|
| [[Malayalam]]
|
|-
|1992
! scope="row"| ''[[Thambi Pondatti]]''
|
| Tamil
|
|-
|2011
! scope="row"| ''[[Sagakkal]]''
| Devasena's grandmother
| Tamil
|
|}

===Stage plays===
* Achchaani <ref name="thehindu1"/>
* Appavi <ref name="thehindu1"/>
* Delhi Maappillai <ref name="thehindu1"/>
* Jahangir <ref name="thehindu"/>
* Neethiyin Nizhal <ref name="thehindu"/>
* Kaalam Kanda Kavingnan <ref name="thehindu"/>
* Sondham <ref name="thehindu1"/>
* Vengaiyin Maindhan <ref name="thehindu"/>
* Vietnam Veedu <ref name="thehindu"/>

===Television serials===
She acted in two dozens of TV series
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! year !! Name !! Role !! Note || class="unsortable"|{{Tooltip|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
|2000-2001
|Ramany VS Ramany Part II
|Mrs. Ramany's mother
|Produced by Minbimbangal of veteran director K Balachandar, telecasted inRaj TV
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLVNEvSiKsSrsepwejj36KywaTF0gwiCjA |title=Ramani vs Ramani Part II |via=YouTube |language=en |access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 2001-2003 || ''[[Anni (TV series)|Anni]]'' || Valliammai || [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/05/12/stories/2003051200710100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030630040156/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/05/12/stories/2003051200710100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 June 2003 |work=[[The Hindu]] |title=Small-screen "Anni" thinks big |date=12 May 2003}}</ref>
|-
| 2005-2007 || Roja || Janaki || [[Jaya TV]] ||
|-
| 2003-2005 || [[Adugiran Kannan]] || || [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] ||
|-
| 2003-2005 || [[Anandham (TV series)|Anandham]] || Saradha || [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] ||
|-
| 2006-2008 || [[Chellamadi Nee Enakku]] || || [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] ||
|-
| 2007-2010 || [[Megala (TV series)|Megala]] || Thilakavathi's mother || [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] ||
|-
| 2008 || ''Thiruppavai'' || || ||
|-
| 2010 || ''Anupallavi'' || || [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] || {{Citation needed|date=December 2022}}
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Vellai Thamarai]]'' || || [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] || {{Citation needed|date=December 2022}}
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|8374130}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhanumathi, M.}}
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian stage actresses]]
[[Category:1946 births]]
[[Category:2013 deaths]]
[[Category:Tamil actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil television]]

1971 Indian general election

2026-02-27T02:43:16Z

Sovrenn: add references as per guidelines and cleaned formatting for clarity

{{short description|none}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox election
| country = India
| type = parliamentary
| previous_election = 1967 Indian general election
| previous_year = 1967
| next_election = 1977 Indian general election
| next_year = 1977
| election_date = 1–10 March 1971<ref>[http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/INDIA_1971_E.PDF India] Inter-Parliamentary Union</ref>
| seats_for_election = 518 of the 521 seats in the [[Lok Sabha]]
| majority_seats = 260
| registered = 274,189,132
| turnout = 55.27% ({{decrease}} 5.77[[Percentage point|pp]])
| image_size = 130x130px
| image1 = Indira Gandhi official portrait.png
| leader1 = [[Indira Gandhi]]
| party1 = Indian National Congress (R)
| last_election1 = 40.78%, 283 seats
| seats1 = '''352'''
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 69
| popular_vote1 = '''64,033,274'''
| percentage1 = '''43.68%'''
| swing1 = {{increase}} 2.90[[Percentage point|pp]]
| image2 = Sundaraiah-Puchalapalli.jpg
| leader2 = [[Puchalapalli Sundarayya]]
| party2 = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| last_election2 = 4.28%, 12 seats
| seats2 = 25
| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 6
| popular_vote2 = 7,510,089
| percentage2 = 5.12%
| swing2 = {{increase}} 0.84[[Percentage point|pp]]
| image4 = Ab vajpayee (cropped)1.jpg
| leader4 = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| party4 = Bharatiya Jana Sangh
| last_election4 = 9.31%, 35 seats
| seats4 = 22
| seat_change4 = {{decrease}} 13
| popular_vote4 = 10,777,119
| percentage4 = 7.35%
| swing4 = {{decrease}} 1.96 [[Percentage point|pp]]
| image5 = K Kamaraj 1976 stamp of India (cropped).jpg
| leader5 = [[K. Kamaraj]]
| party5 = Indian National Congress (Organisation)
| last_election5 = –
| seats5 = 16
| seat_change5 = ''New''
| popular_vote5 = 15,285,851
| percentage5 = 10.43%
| swing5 = ''New''
| map_image = Wahlergebnisse in Indien 1971.svg
| map_caption = Results by constituency
| title = [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]]
| posttitle = [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] after election
| before_election = [[Indira Gandhi]]
| before_party = Indian National Congress (R)
| after_election = [[Indira Gandhi]]
| after_party = Indian National Congress (R)
| outgoing_members = List of members of the 4th Lok Sabha
| elected_members = List of members of the 5th Lok Sabha
| alliance4 = [[Grand Alliance (1971)|Grand Alliance]]
| alliance5 = [[Grand Alliance (1971)|Grand Alliance]]
}}

General elections were held in India between 1 and 10 March 1971 to elect members of the [[5th Lok Sabha|fifth]] [[Lok Sabha]]. They were the fifth general elections since independence in 1947. Members were elected from 518 single-seat constituencies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf |title=General Election of India 1971, 5th Lok Sabha |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=13 January 2010 |page=6 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718175452/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Under the leadership of [[Indira Gandhi]], the [[Indian National Congress (R)]] led a campaign which focused on [[Garibi Hatao|reducing poverty]] and won a landslide victory, overcoming a split in the party and regaining many of the seats lost in the previous election.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-07|title=INKredible India: The story of 1971 Lok Sabha election - All you need to know|url=https://zeenews.india.com/lok-sabha-general-elections-2019/the-story-of-1971-lok-sabha-election-all-you-need-to-know-2185812.html|access-date=2020-12-03|website=Zee News|language=en|archive-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008232038/https://zeenews.india.com/lok-sabha-general-elections-2019/the-story-of-1971-lok-sabha-election-all-you-need-to-know-2185812.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Background==
===Congress party split===
During Indira Gandhi's previous term, there had been internal divisions in the Indian National Congress caused by various initiatives of her administration like [[nationalisation]] of [[Banking in India|banks]], [[Coal in India|coal]] and steel, abolition of the [[Privy purse in India|privy purse]] and increasing [[India–Soviet Union relations|closeness with the Soviet Union]], steps that were considered to be too [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]] by the Congress high command consisting of [[Centre-right politics|centre-right]] leaders like [[Morarji Desai]], [[K. Kamaraj]], [[Atulya Ghosh]], [[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]], [[S. K. Patil]] and others. In 1969 she was expelled from the party by party president [[S. Nijalingappa]], causing a split. Most of the Congress MPs and grassroots support joined Gandhi's [[Indian National Congress (R)|Indian National Congress (Requisitionists)]] faction, which was recognised by the [[Election Commission of India|Election Commission]] as being the successor to the previous party. 31 MPs who opposed Gandhi formed [[Indian National Congress (Organisation)]] party.

===Minority government===
The Second Indira Gandhi government, formed in November 1969 and dissolved in March 1971, was the first minority government in independent India. After the split, the INC(R) held 221 seats in the 523-seat parliament, 41 seats short of a majority. However, Gandhi and her cabinet remained in power by relying on support from left-wing parties like the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (26 seats), the [[Communist Party of India]] and its recently formed breakaway faction, the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(Marxist)]] (who together had 42 seats), giving the government a total of 289 seats, a comfortable majority and far more than the minimum of 262 seats required for a majority. Knowing that her minority government would eventually fall, on 27 December 1970, President V.V. Giri dissolved the Lok Sabha on the recommendation of Gandhi.

===Opposition alliance===
{{see|Grand Alliance (1971)}}
INC(O) formed a pre-poll alliance with [[Samyukta Socialist Party]] (SSP), [[Praja Socialist Party]] (PSP), the [[Swatantra Party]] and [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]] (BJS) and several other regional parties opposed to the INC(R). They agreed to field a single joint candidate against the INC(R) candidate in every constituency in order to defeat Gandhi's party.

==Results==
Despite the split, the ruling faction gained votes and seats to win a strong majority, while the Grand Alliance was badly trounced and lost more than half of their seats.

{{Election results
|image=[[File:Lok Sabha Zusammensetzung 1971.svg|350px]]
|party1=[[Indian National Congress (R)]]|votes1=64033274|seats1=352|sc1=+69
|party2=[[Indian National Congress (Organisation)]]|votes2=15285851|seats2=16|sc2=New
|party3=[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]|votes3=10777119|seats3=22|sc3=–13
|party4=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]|votes4=7510089|seats4=25|sc4=+6
|party5=[[Communist Party of India]]|votes5=6933627|seats5=23|sc5=0
|party6=[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]|votes6=5622758|seats6=23|sc6=–2
|party7=[[Swatantra Party]]|votes7=4497988|seats7=8|sc7=–36
|party8=[[Samyukta Socialist Party]]|votes8=3555639|seats8=3|sc8=–20
|party9=[[Bharatiya Kranti Dal]]|votes9=3189821|seats9=1|sc9=New
|party10=[[Telangana Praja Samithi]]|votes10=1873589|seats10=10|sc10=New
|party11=[[Praja Socialist Party]]|votes11=1526076|seats11=2|sc11=–11
|party12=[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]|votes12=1279873|seats12=1|sc12=New
|party13=[[Utkal Congress]]|votes13=1053176|seats13=1|sc13=New
|party14=[[All India Forward Bloc]]|votes14=962971|seats14=2|sc14=0
|party15=[[Peasants and Workers Party of India]]|votes15=741535|seats15=0|sc15=–2
|party16=[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]|votes16=724001|seats16=3|sc16=New
|party17=[[Republican Party of India (Khobragade)]]|votes17=542662|seats17=0|sc17=New
|party18=[[Kerala Congress]]|votes18=542431|seats18=3|sc18=+3
|party19=[[Bangla Congress]]|votes19=518781|seats19=1|sc19=–4
|party20=[[Indian Union Muslim League]]|votes20=416545|seats20=2|sc20=0
|party21=[[Vishal Haryana Party]]|votes21=352514|seats21=1|sc21=New
|party22=[[All India Jharkhand Party]]|votes22=272563|seats22=1|sc22=New
|party23=[[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shiv Sena]]|votes23=227468|seats23=0|sc23=New
|party24=Shoshit Dal Bihar|votes24=193389|seats24=0|sc24=New
|party25=[[Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|Socialist Unity Centre of India]]|votes25=157703|seats25=0|sc25=New
|party26=[[Republican Party of India]]|votes26=153794|seats26=1|sc26=0
|party27=Janta Party|votes27=139091|seats27=0|sc27=New
|party28=[[All Party Hill Leaders Conference]]|votes28=90772|seats28=1|sc28=0
|party29=[[United Front of Nagaland]]|votes29=89514|seats29=1|sc29=New
|party30=[[Hindu Mahasabha]]|votes30=73191|seats30=0|sc30=New
|party31=[[Akhil Bharatiya Gorkha League]]|votes31=72131|seats31=0|sc31=New
|party32=[[Bihar Prant Hul Jharkhand]]|votes32=66669|seats32=0|sc32=New
|party33=Hindustani Shoshit Dal|votes33=65925|seats33=0|sc33=New
|party34=[[Revolutionary Communist Party of India]]|votes34=65622|seats34=0|sc34=New
|party35=[[Lok Sewak Sangh]]|votes35=62527|seats35=0|sc35=New
|party36=[[Jana Congress]]|votes36=60103|seats36=0|sc36=0
|party37=[[Nagaland Nationalist Organisation]]|votes37=58511|seats37=0|sc37=–1
|party38=[[United Goans Party|United Goans – Seqveria Group]]|votes38=58401|seats38=1|sc38=0
|party39=[[Socialist Party (India, 1948)|Socialist Party]]|votes39=55064|seats39=0|sc39=New
|party40=[[Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party]]|votes40=54597|seats40=0|sc40=New
|party41=Proutist Bloc of India|votes41=43849|seats41=0|sc41=New
|party42=[[Telangana Pradesh Congress Committee|Telangana Congress]]|votes42=43548|seats42=0|sc42=New
|party43=Minorities Labour Party|votes43=41198|seats43=0|sc43=New
|party44=[[Indian Socialist Party]]|votes44=38713|seats44=0|sc44=New
|party45=[[All India Muslim Majlis (Dr. Faridi)|Muslim Majlis Uttar Pradesh]]|votes45=36526|seats45=0|sc45=New
|party46=[[Lok Raj Party Himachal Pradesh]]|votes46=34070|seats46=0|sc46=New
|party47=Uttar Pradesh Kisan Mazdoor Party|votes47=31729|seats47=0|sc47=New
|party48=[[Manipur Peoples Party]]|votes48=31029|seats48=0|sc48=New
|party49=[[Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad]]|votes49=24093|seats49=0|sc49=New
|party50=Republican Party of India (Ambedkarite)|votes50=22428|seats50=0|sc50=New
|party51=Backward Classes Mahasabha|votes51=6929|seats51=0|sc51=New
|party52=Revolutionary Socialist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)|votes52=6198|seats52=0|sc52=New
|party53=Chota Nagpur Bhumi Rakshak Party|votes53=4982|seats53=0|sc53=New
|party54=Independents|votes54=12279629|seats54=14|sc54=–21
|row55=Appointed members{{efn|Two representing [[Anglo-Indians]] and one representing the [[North-East Frontier Agency]].}}|seats55=3|sc55=0
|invalid=4934526
|electorate=274189132
|total_sc=–2
|source=[https://eci.gov.in/files/file/4115-general-election-1971-vol-i-ii/?do=download&r=9746&confirm=1&t=1&csrfKey=6df04992cf2c2fe96a9487465b425663 ECI]
}}
{{notelist}}

===Results by state===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center; font-size: 0.9em;"
! rowspan="3" |State
! rowspan="3" |Total seats
! colspan="14" |Seats won
|-
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Indian National Congress (R)|INC (R)]]
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPM]]
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh|BJS]]
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Indian National Congress (Organisation)|INC (O)]]
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Telangana Praja Samithi|TPS]]
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Swatantra Party|SWA]]
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Samyukta Socialist Party|SSP]]
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Praja Socialist Party|PSP]]
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Bharatiya Kranti Dal|BKD]]
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |Others
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |Ind.
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |App.
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}};" |
! style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};;" |
! style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India}};" |
! style="background:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}};;" |
! style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}};;" |
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}};;" |
! style="background:{{party color|Telangana Praja Samithi}};;" |
! style="background:{{party color|Swatantra Party}};;" |
! style="background:{{party color|Samyukta Socialist Party}};;" |
! style="background:{{party color|Praja Socialist Party}};;" |
! style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Kranti Dal}};;" |
! style="background:{{party color|Others}};;" |
! style="background:{{party color|Independent}};;" |
!
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
!1
|1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Andhra Pradesh]]
!41
|28
|1
|1
|
|
|
|10
|
|
|
|
|
|1
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Assam]]
!14
|13
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|1
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Bihar]]
!53
|39
|
|5
|
|2
|3
|
|
|2
|
|
|1
|1
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Chandigarh]]
!1
|1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]
!1
|1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Delhi]]
!7
|7
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Goa, Daman and Diu]]
!2
|1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|1
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Gujarat]]
!24
|11
|
|
|
|
|11
|
|2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Haryana]]
!9
|7
|
|
|
|1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|1
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Himachal Pradesh]]
!4
|4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
!6
|5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|1
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Kerala]]
!19
|6
|2
|3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|7
|1
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Lakshadweep|Laccadive, Minicoy, and Amindivi Islands]]
!1
|1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Madhya Pradesh]]
!37
|21
|
|
|
|11
|
|
|
|1
|
|
|
|4
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Maharashtra]]
!45
|42
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|1
|
|2
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Manipur]]
!2
|2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Mysore State|Mysore]]
!27
|27
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Nagaland]]
!1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|1
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[North-East Frontier Agency]]
!1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|1
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Orissa]]
!20
|15
|
|1
|
|
|
|
|3
|
|
|
|1
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[East Punjab|Punjab]]
!13
|10
|
|2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|1
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Pondicherry (union territory)|Pondicherry]]
!1
|1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Rajasthan]]
!23
|14
|
|
|
|4
|
|
|3
|
|
|
|
|2
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Tamil Nadu]]
!39
|9
|
|4
|23
|
|1
|
|
|
|
|
|1
|1
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Tripura]]
!2
|
|2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Uttar Pradesh]]
!85
|73
|
|4
|
|4
|1
|
|
|
|
|1
|
|2
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[West Bengal]]
!40
|13
|20
|3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|1
|
|2
|1
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Anglo-Indian people|Anglo-Indians]]
!2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|2
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |Total
!521
!352
!25
!23
!23
!22
!16
!10
!8
!3
!2
!1
!19
!14
!3
|-
! colspan="16" |
|-
| colspan="16" |Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20140718175452/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf ECI]
|}

===State wise Detailed===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- "
! style="text-align:left; background:#ccf; vertical-align:middle;"|State (# of seats)
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style=" text-align:center; background:#ccf; vertical-align:middle;"|Party
! style="background:#ccf; text-align:center;"|Seats contested
! style="background:#ccf; text-align:right;"|Seats won
! style="background:#ccf; text-align:right;"|% of votes
|-
|style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=6 valign=top|[[1971 Indian general election in Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]]'''(41)'''
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress (R)]]
|'''37'''
|'''28'''
|'''55.73'''
|-
| {{party color cell|[[Telangana Praja Samithi]]}}
|[[Telangana Praja Samithi]]
|14
|10
|14.33
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|[[Communist Party Of India]]
|11
|1
|5.94
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|5
|1
|2.82
|-
| {{party color cell|Independent (politician)|Independent}}
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|93
|1
|8.21
|-
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}
|[[Indian National Congress (Organisation)]]
|12
|0
|5.55
|-
|style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=5 valign=top|[[1971 Indian general election in Assam|Assam]]'''(14)'''
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress (R)}}
|[[Indian National Congress (R)]]
|'''13'''
|'''13'''
|'''56.98'''
|-
| {{party color cell|All Party Hill Leaders Conference}}
|[[All Party Hill Leaders Conference]]
|1
|1
|3.0
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|[[Communist Party Of India]]
|5
|0
|5.65
|-
| {{party color cell|Praja Socialist Party}}
|[[Praja Socialist Party]]
|5
|0
|4.56
|-
| {{party color cell|Independent (politician)|Independent}}
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|31
|0
|17.92
|-
|style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=6 valign=top|[[1971 Indian general election in Bihar|Bihar]]'''(53)'''
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress (R)}}
|[[Indian National Congress (R)]]
|'''47'''
|'''39'''
|'''40.06'''
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
| [[Communist Party of India]]
|17
|5
|9.85
|-
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}
|[[Indian National Congress (Organisation)]]
|24
|3
|11.51
|-
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]
|28
|2
|12.1
|-
| {{party color cell|Samyukta Socialist Party}}
| [[Samyukta Socialist Party]]
|28
|2
|9.47
|-
| {{party color cell|Independent (politician)|Independent}}
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|183
|1
|9.11
|-
|style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=3 valign=top|[[1971 Indian general election in Gujarat|Gujarat]]'''(24)'''
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress (R)}}
|[[Indian National Congress (R)]]
|'''23'''
|'''11'''
|'''44.85'''
|-
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}
|[[Indian National Congress (Organisation)]]
|19
|11
|39.70
|-
| {{party color cell|Swatantra Party}}
|[[Swatantra Party]]
|4
|2
|5.46
|-
|style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=4 valign=top|[[1971 Indian general election in Haryana|Haryana]]'''(9)'''
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress (R)}}
|[[Indian National Congress (R)]]
|'''9'''
|'''7'''
|'''52.56'''
|-
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]
|3
|1
|11.19
|-
| {{party color cell|Vishal Haryana Party}}
|[[Vishal Haryana Party]]
|3
|1
|9.16
|-
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}
|[[Indian National Congress (Organisation)]]
|4
|0
|11.34
|-
|style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=3 valign=top|[[1971 Indian general election, 1999 (Jammu and Kashmir)|Jammu & Kashmir]]'''(6)'''
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress (R)}}
|[[Indian National Congress (R)]]
|'''6'''
|'''5'''
|'''54.06'''
|-
| {{party color cell|Independent (politician)|Independent}}
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|20
|1
|32.17
|-
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]
|3
|0
|12.23
|-
|style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=7 valign=top|[[1971 Indian general election in Kerala|Kerala]]'''(19)'''
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress (R)}}
|[[Indian National Congress (R)]]
|'''7'''
|'''6'''
|'''19.75'''
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
| [[Communist Party of India]]
|3
|3
|9.09
|-
| {{party color cell|Kerala Congress}}
|[[Kerala Congress]]
|3
|3
|8.31
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|11
|2
|26.21
|-
| {{party color cell|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party}}
| [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]
|2
|2
|6.43
|-
| {{party color cell|Muslim League}}
|[[Indian Union Muslim League|Muslim League]]
|2
|2
|5.62
|-
| {{party color cell|Independent (politician)|Independent}}
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|27
|1
|17.97
|-
|style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=4 valign=top|[[1971 Indian general election in Madhya Pradesh|Madhya Pradesh]]'''(37)'''
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress (R)}}
|[[Indian National Congress (R)]]
|'''36'''
|'''21'''
|'''45.60'''
|-
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]
|28
|11
|33.56
|-
| {{party color cell|Independent (politician)|Independent}}
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|73
|4
|13.93
|-
| {{party color cell|Samyukta Socialist Party}}
|[[Samyukta Socialist Party]]
|5
|1
|1.57
|-
|style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=6 valign=top|[[1971 Indian general election in Maharashtra|Maharashtra]]'''(45)'''
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress (R)}}
|[[Indian National Congress (R)]]
|'''44'''
|'''42'''
|'''63.18'''
|-
| {{party color cell|All India Forward Bloc}}
| [[All India Forward Bloc]]
|3
|1
|2.47
|-
| {{party color cell|Praja Socialist Party}}
|[[Praja Socialist Party]]
|8
|1
|1.68
|-
| {{party color cell|Republican Party Of India}}
|[[Republican Party Of India]]
|1
|1
|1.11
|-
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]
|13
|0
|5.23
|-
| {{party color cell|Peasants And Workers Party Of India}}
|[[Peasants And Workers Party Of India]]
|12
|0
|5.33
|-
|style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=2 valign=top|[[1971 Indian general election in Mysore|Mysore]]'''(27)'''
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress (R)}}
|[[Indian National Congress (R)]]
|'''27'''
|'''27'''
|'''70.87'''
|-
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}
|[[Indian National Congress (Organisation)]]
|17
|0
|16.36
|-
|style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"rowspan=4 valign=top|[[1971 Indian general election in Orissa|Orissa]]'''(20)'''
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress (R)}}
|[[Indian National Congress (R)]]
|'''19'''
|'''15'''
|'''38.46'''
|-
| {{party color cell|Swatantra Party}}
|[[Swatantra Party]]
|13
|3
|15.91
|-
| {{party color cell|Utkal Congress}}
|[[Utkal Congress]]
|20
|1
|23.6
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
|[[Communist Party of India]]
|3
|1
|4.31
|-
|style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=3 valign=top|[[1971 Indian general election in Punjab|Punjab]]'''(13)'''
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress (R)}}
|[[Indian National Congress (R)]]
|'''11'''
|'''10'''
|'''45.96'''
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
|[[Communist Party of India]]
|2
|2
|6.22
|-
| {{party color cell|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]
|12
|1
|30.85
|-
|style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=4 valign=top|[[1971 Indian general election in Rajasthan|Rajasthan]]'''(23)'''
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress (R)}}
|[[Indian National Congress (R)]]
|'''23'''
|'''14'''
|'''50.35'''
|-
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]
|7
|4
|12.38
|-
| {{party color cell|Swatantra Party}}
|[[Swatantra Party]]
|8
|3
|14.64
|-
| {{party color cell|Independent (politician)|Independent}}
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|71
|2
|12.34
|-
|style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=6 valign=top|[[1971 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu]]'''(39)'''
| {{party color cell| Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|'''24'''
|'''23'''
|'''35.25'''
|-
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress (R)}}
|[[Indian National Congress (R)]]
|9
|9
|12.51
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
| [[Communist Party of India]]
|4
|4
|5.43
|-
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}
|[[Indian National Congress (Organisation)]]
|29
|1
|30.43
|-
| {{party color cell|Independent (politician)|Independent}}
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|27
|1
|3.24
|-
| {{party color cell|All India Forward Bloc}}
|[[All India Forward Bloc]]
|1
|1
|1.31
|-
|style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=7 valign=top|[[1971 Indian general election in Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]]'''(85)'''
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress (R)}}
|[[Indian National Congress (R)]]
|'''78'''
|'''73'''
|'''48.54'''
|-
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]
|37
|4
|12.23
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
| [[Communist Party of India]]
|9
|4
|3.7
|-
| {{party color cell|Independent (politician)|Independent}}
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|231
|2
|8.4
|-
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Kranti Dal}}
|[[Bharatiya Kranti Dal]]
|67
|1
|12.70
|-
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}
|[[Indian National Congress (Organisation)]]
|44
|1
|8.6
|-
| {{party color cell|Samyukta Socialist Party}}
| [[Samyukta Socialist Party]]
|25
|0
|4.1
|-
|style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=8 valign=top|[[1971 Indian general election in West Bengal|West Bengal]]'''(40)'''
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|'''38'''
|'''20'''
|'''34.29'''
|-
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress (R)}}
|[[Indian National Congress (R)]]
|31
|13
|28.2
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|[[Communist Party Of India]]
|15
|3
|10.54
|-
| {{party color cell|Independent (politician)|Independent}}
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|28
|1
|5.79
|-
| {{party color cell|Bangla Congress}}
| [[Bangla Congress]]
|14
|1
|3.97
|-
| {{party color cell|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party}}
| [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]
|5
|1
|2.04
|-
| {{party color cell|Praja Socialist Party}}
|[[Praja Socialist Party]]
|3
|1
|1.29
|-
| {{party color cell|All India Forward Bloc}}
|[[All India Forward Bloc]]
|10
|0
|2.7
|-
|colspan=6|Source:[https://web.archive.org/web/20140718175452/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf ECI]
|}

==Aftermath==
On 12 June 1975 the Allahabad High Court invalidated the result in Gandhi's constituency on the grounds of electoral malpractices. Instead of resigning, Indira Gandhi called [[The Emergency (India)|a state of emergency]], suspending democracy and outlawed political opposition. After democracy was restored in 1977, the opposition Congress faction formed a coalition of parties called the [[Janata Party]], which inflicted the Congress's first electoral defeat.

==See also==
*[[List of members of the 5th Lok Sabha]]
*[[:Category:1971 Indian general election by state or union territory]]
*[[1969 Indian presidential election]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian elections}}

[[Category:1971 Indian general election| ]]
[[Category:March 1971 in Asia|General]]
[[Category:1971 elections in Asia|India]]
[[Category:General elections in India]]

Nirmal Pathak Ki Ghar Wapsi

2026-02-22T09:36:48Z

Sovrenn: Made new data...

{{Short description|Indian drama series}}
{{Update|date=June 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Nirmal Pathak Ki Ghar Wapsi Poster.jpg
| genre = Drama
| creator = Naren Kumar
| director = Rahul Pandey & Satish Nair
| producer = Naren Kumar & Mahesh Korade
| writer = Rahul Pandey
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Vaibhav Tatwawadi]]
* [[Alka Amin]]
* [[Vineet Kumar]]
}}
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 5
| editor = Kunal Walve
| cinematography = Girish
| runtime = 30-45 minutes
| network = [[SonyLIV]]
| music =
| company = Kyra Kumar Kreations
| composer =
| executive_producer =
| released = {{Start date|2022|05|27|df=y}}
}}
'''''Nirmal Pathak Ki Ghar Wapsi''''' is an Indian [[Drama (film and television)|family-drama]] web series on [[SonyLIV]].<ref>{{cite news |title='Nirmal Pathak Ki Ghar Wapsi' Starring Vaibhav Tatwawadi First Look Out! |url=https://www.koimoi.com/television/nirmal-pathak-ki-ghar-wapsi-starring-vaibhav-tatwawadi-first-look-out/ |access-date=30 April 2022 |work=Koimoi |date=7 April 2022}}</ref> It revolves around the lead character Nirmal Pathak who visits his home for the first time after many years and witnesses a whirlwind of emotions. This is a story of a young man who is on a journey to find his roots. Written by Rahul Pandey and created by Naren Kumar. The series stars [[Vaibhav Tatwawadi]], [[Alka Amin]], and [[Vineet Kumar]] in lead roles and is produced by Naren Kumar and Mahesh Korade.<ref>{{cite news |title=First look from 'Nirmal Pathak Ki Ghar Wapsi' out |url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/movie/movie-news/first-look-nirmal-pathak-ki-ghar-wapsi-out-220407 |access-date=28 November 2023 |work=Tellychakkar.com | date=4 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

==Plot==
When Nirmal Pathak was three years old, his father left the village and moved to New Delhi with him. Nirmal returns to his roots 24 years later, now as an adult. He falls in love with his village but unfortunately, within a few days, he is confronted with the harsh reality of village life. He realizes why his father, Mohan Pathak, had left 24 years before.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nirmal Pathak Ki Ghar Wapsi review: New SonyLiv show is a dull throwback to the days of Doordarshan |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/nirmal-pathak-ki-ghar-wapsi-review-new-sonyliv-show-7937349/ |access-date=2 June 2022 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=27 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Vaibhav Tatwawadi]] as Nirmal Pathak<ref>{{cite news |last1=Correspondent |first1=Our |title=Vaibhav Tatwawadi to play the lead in Hindi web show Nirmal Pathak Ki Ghar Vapasi |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2022/feb/24/33457/vaibhav-tatwawadi-to-play-the-lead-in-hindi-web-show-nirmal-pathak-ki-ghar-vapasi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506063248/https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2022/feb/24/33457/vaibhav-tatwawadi-to-play-the-lead-in-hindi-web-show-nirmal-pathak-ki-ghar-vapasi |url-status=live |archive-date=6 May 2022 |access-date=6 May 2022 |work=Cinestaan}}</ref>
* [[Alka Amin]] as Santoshi Pathak (Nirmal’s birth mother)
* [[Vineet Kumar]] as Netaji
* [[Garima Vikrant Singh]] as Genda Bua<ref>{{cite news |title=Garima Vikrant Singh to feature in 'Nirmal Pathak ki Ghar Wapsi' - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/garima-vikrant-singh-to-feature-in-nirmal-pathak-ki-ghar-wapsi/articleshow/90015020.cms |access-date=6 May 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ishita Ganguly]] as Geetanjali<ref>{{cite news |title=Upcoming Web Series & Films: अटैक पार्ट-1 और स्ट्रेंजर थिंग्स सीजन-4 समेत OTT पर इस हफ्ते आ रहीं ये फिल्में और वेब सीरीज, देखें पूरी लिस्ट |url=https://www.jagran.com/entertainment/web-series-review-upcoming-ott-web-series-films-this-week-on-netflix-amazon-prime-video-lionsgate-play-sony-liv-zee5-disney-plus-hotstar-22736913.html |access-date=23 May 2022 |work=[[Dainik Jagran]] |language=hi}}</ref>
* [[Pankaj Jha]] as Makhanlal Chacha<ref>{{cite news |title=Pankaj Jha spills the beans on his upcoming web series Nirmal Pathak Ki Ghar Wapsi |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/pankaj-jha-spills-the-beans-on-his-upcoming-web-series-nirmal-pathak-ki-ghar-wapsi |access-date=23 May 2022 |work=[[Free Press Journal]] |language=en}}</ref>
* Akash Makhija as Aatish <ref>{{cite news |title=Akash Makhija to star in 'Nirmal Pathak ki Ghar Wapsi' - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/akash-makhija-to-star-in-nirmal-pathak-ki-ghar-wapsi/articleshow/89922390.cms |access-date=6 May 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref>
* Kumar Saurabh as Lablabiya
* Meenakshi Chugh as Arti Devi Dubey ( Netaji's Wife)
* Aaradhya Tiwari as Kanya (Genda Bua Daughter)
* Avyaan Tiwari as Kittu

==Episodes==

;Episode 1

Nirmal Pathak, who was born in Bihar and raised in New Delhi, returns to his hometown after 24 years. His family, eagerly anticipating his return, believes Nirmal has returned to join them for his cousin Aatish's wedding.

;Episode 2

Nirmal falls in love with his village and begins journaling his adventures, but his mother's questions about her husband make him uneasy. Nirmal ends up promising to the entire family that in the morning, and he will make everyone speak to his father.

;Episode 3

Slowly, the dirty layers of village life start peeling off and Nirmal starts noticing the stark realities of his village. He begins to understand why his father Mohan Pathak had left the village 24 years back. Now, he finds himself in the same situation.

;Episode 4

In the midst of doing the right thing, Nirmal's relationships get strained. Nirmal has already had a spat with his uncle, but his actions are also making Aatish uncomfortable.

;Episode 5

Nirmal becomes so engrossed in the fight for the right thing that the entire family becomes divided, either being Netaji, Aatish, or his uncle.

==Release==
The web series was released on 27 May 2022, exclusively on [[SonyLIV]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Nirmal Pathak Ki Ghar Wapsi trailer: Vaibhav Tatwawadi struggles to initiate reform in his village |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/nirmal-pathak-ki-ghar-wapsi-trailer-vaibhav-tatwawadi-7909993/ |access-date=10 May 2022 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=10 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

==Reception==

''[[The Times Of India]]'' wrote, "A delightful and heart-warming series that captures the essence of rural India."<ref>{{cite news |title=Nirmal Pathak Ki Ghar Wapsi Season 1 Review: A delightful and heart-warming series that captures the essence of rural India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/nirmal-pathak-ki-ghar-wapsi/season-1/seasonreview/91764173.cms |access-date=6 June 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

Sunidhi Prajapat of ''[[OTTPlay]]'' wrote, "Vaibhav Tatwawaadi has shone in the titular character. From his dialogue delivery to making the audience feel the emotion of his character, he actually seems more like Nirmal than himself."<ref>{{cite news |title=Nirmal Pathak Ki Ghar Wapsi review: Vaibhav Tatwawadi shines in this light-hearted series about brutal social realities |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/nirmal-pathak-ki-ghar-wapsi-review-vaibhav-tatwawadi-shines-in-this-light-hearted-series-about-brutal-social-realities/0457f5f4f7643 |access-date=6 June 2022 |work=[[OTTPlay]] |language=en}}</ref>

''Firstpost'' wrote "Nirmal Pathak ki Ghar Wapsi is not a slice-of-life narrative by any stretch - it’s possibly the very opposite of what we deem as a ‘comfort watch’ these days, and that's where the comparisons with Panchayat end."<ref>{{cite news |title=Nirmal Pathak ki Ghar Wapsi on SonyLiv leaves an impact with its noble ideas, despite a middling execution |url=https://www.firstpost.com/opinion/nirmal-pathak-ki-ghar-wapsi-on-sonyliv-leaves-an-impact-with-its-noble-ideas-despite-a-middling-execution-10748611.html |access-date=6 June 2022 |work=Firstpost |date=2 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

Shubham Kulkarni of ''Koimoi'' wrote, "There is enough heart, soul and awareness in here to make you feel warm and aware at the same time."<ref>{{cite news |title=Nirmal Pathak Ki Ghar Wapsi Review: Not Just Another Heartland Story, It Explores Longing & Traumatic Casteism Quite Responsibly |url=https://www.koimoi.com/reviews/web-reviews/nirmal-pathak-ki-ghar-wapsi-review-not-just-another-heartland-story-it-explores-longing-traumatic-casteism-quite-responsibly/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |work=Koimoi |date=28 May 2022}}</ref>

The series was recognized at the 2022 Dallas Fort Worth South Asian Film Festival (DFWSAFF), where it won Best Television Series, and lead actor Vaibhav Tatwawadi was awarded Best Actor.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-05-27 |title='Nirmal Pathak Ki Ghar Wapsi' wins accolades at DFW South Asian Film Fest in US |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/nirmal-pathak-ki-ghar-wapsi-wins-accolades-at-dfw-south-asian-film-fest-in-us/articleshow/91828706.cms |access-date=2026-02-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|tt19865778}}
* [https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/nirmal-pathak-ki-ghar-wapsi-1700000912 Nirmal Pathak Ki Ghar Wapsi] on [[SonyLIV]]

[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television series debuts]]

Chennai Parandur Airport

2026-02-18T10:03:06Z

Sovrenn: Starting New Article First Draft - done

{{Short description|Future airport to serve Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{for|the current airport at Meenambakkam|Chennai International Airport}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox airport
| name = Chennai Parandur Airport
| nativename-a =
| nativename-r =
| image =
| IATA =
| ICAO =
| type = Public
| owner =
| operator =
| city-served = [[Chennai Metropolitan Area]]
| location = [[Parandur]], [[Kanchipuram district]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
| coordinates = {{coord|12|56|00|N|79|44|25|E|type:city_region:IN|display=title}}
| r1-number =
| r1-length-f =
| r1-length-m =
| r1-surface =
| r2-number =
| r2-length-m =
| r2-length-f =
| r2-surface =
| metric-rwy =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Chennai Parandur Airport''' is a proposed [[greenfield airport]] project to serve the [[Chennai Metropolitan Area]] in the Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. It is planned to be built near [[Parandur]] in [[Kanchipuram district]], and will serve as the secondary airport alongside the existing [[Chennai International Airport]]. It is also known as New Chennai Airport and Chennai Greenfield Airport.

== Background and planning ==
Plans for a new [[greenfield airport]] for the [[Chennai Metropolitan Area]] was put forward as early as in 1998.<ref name="PT">{{cite news|url=https://thefederal.com/states/south/tamil-nadu/chennai-airport-ii-how-far-will-parandur-greenfield-project-fly/|title=Chennai airport II: How far will Parandur greenfield project fly?|date=8 August 2022|access-date=1 June 2024|work=[[Puthiya Thalaimurai]]}}</ref> In 2007, the [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]] announced that the new airport would be set up in {{cvt|4820|acre}} land near [[Sriperumbudur]].<ref name="New">{{cite web |last=Bridger |first=Rose |title=Second Chennai airport |url=https://antiaero.org/tag/second-chennai-airport/ |access-date=1 August 2022 |work=Antiaero.org }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=22 May 2007 |title=TN to get new greenfield airport: Karunanidhi |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/tn-to-get-new-greenfield-airport-karunanidhi-107052200037_1.html |access-date=1 August 2022 |newspaper=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref> As the new airport was delayed due to land acquisition problems,<ref name="New"/><ref>{{cite news|last=Oppili|first=P.|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/tamil-nadu/article2334267.ece|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|title=State government has to decide on second airport for Chennai: AAI|date=8 August 2011|access-date=11 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110911032508/http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/tamil-nadu/article2334267.ece|archive-date=11 September 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> an expansion plan was unveiled to expand the existing [[Chennai International Airport]] in 2018 to increase the terminal area to {{cvt|160000|m2}} with a capacity of 35 million passengers.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sekar|first=Sunitha|title=Airport's Phase II expansion set to take off|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=8 January 2018|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/airports-phase-ii-expansion-set-to-take-off/article22392935.ece|access-date=11 February 2018|archive-date=9 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409114331/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/airports-phase-ii-expansion-set-to-take-off/article22392935.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> The existing airport is expected to reach saturation by 2035.<ref name="Parandur">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/chennais-2nd-airport-may-come-up-on-3500-acres-near-mamandur/articleshow/68312148.cms|title=New Chennai Airport: Chennai's 2nd airport may come up on 3,500 acres near Mamandur|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=8 March 2019|access-date=12 August 2019|archive-date=27 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027165249/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/chennais-2nd-airport-may-come-up-on-3500-acres-near-mamandur/articleshow/68312148.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] initially proposed alternate locations such as [[Mamandur]] for the airport, but the project was not started.<ref name="Parandur"/><ref>{{cite news |last=Sekar |first=Sunitha |date=1 August 2022 |title=Chennai to get its second airport at Parandur |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chennai-to-get-its-second-airport-at-parandur/article65710803.ece |access-date=16 August 2022 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

In 2022, the state government announced renewed plans to build a new airport.<ref>{{cite news|date=3 August 2022 |title=Parandur airport construction to cost Rs 20,000 crore |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/parandur-airport-construction-to-cost-rs-20000-crore-says-tamil-nadu-cm-mk-stalin/articleshow/93309138.cms |access-date=6 August 2022}}</ref> The state government identified [[Padalam]], [[Thiruporur]], [[Pannur]] and [[Parandur]] as the possible sites for the airport.<ref>{{cite news |date=12 February 2022 |title=Four potential sites identified for second airport in Chennai |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/four-potential-sites-identified-for-second-airport-in-chennai/article38419002.ece |access-date=1 August 2024}}</ref> After a feasibility study, the [[Airports Authority of India]] shortlisted Parandur and Pannur as the sites for the proposed airport.<ref>{{cite news|author=V. Ayyappan|date=31 March 2022 |title=Parandur and Pannur identified for Chennai's 2nd airport |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/two-places-identified-for-chennais-2nd-airport/articleshow/90553905.cms |access-date=1 August 2024 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref> In August 2022, the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] selected Parandur in [[Kanchipuram district]] as location for the [[Chennai greenfield airport, Parandur|new airport]] on {{cvt|4970|acre}} of land.<ref>{{cite news |title=Chennai to get new airport, Parandur Airport gets Centre approval |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/centre-approves-new-chennai-airport-parandur-airport-cleared-for-landing-2706429-2025-04-09 |work=[[India Today]] |access-date=2 July 2025 |date=9 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=2 August 2022 |title=TN to develop ₹20,000-cr Parandur greenfield airport |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/tn-to-develop-20000-cr-parandur-greenfield-airport/article65715171.ece |access-date=4 August 2022 |newspaper=[[Business Line]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=3 August 2022 |title=Chennai to get its second airport at Parandur |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/chennai-to-get-its-second-airport-at-parandur-101659466025137.html |access-date=1 June 2024 |newspaper=[[The Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> The planned airport would be spread over 13 villages, and surrounding farmlands.<ref name="PT"/> The proposed land acquisition for the airport has led to protests by the local villagers due to the fear of loss of livelihood.<ref name="New"/><ref>{{cite news| newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=22 August 2022 |title=Why are villagers against Chennai's second airport at parandur? |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/why-are-villagers-against-chennais-second-airport-at-parandur/article65797407.ece |access-date=1 August 2024}}</ref>

== Connectivity ==
In 2022, the state government proposed an extension for the planned [[Line 4 (Chennai Metro)|Yellow Line]] of the [[Chennai Metro]] from [[Poonamallee]] to Parandur at a cost of {{INRconvert|107.12|b}}.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/detailed-feasibility-report-for-chennai-metro-rails-phase-2-extension-to-be-ready-in-three-months/article66664484.ece|title=Detailed feasibility report for Chennai Metro Rail's Phase 2 extension to be ready in three months|date=26 March 2023|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=28 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428075613/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/detailed-feasibility-report-for-chennai-metro-rails-phase-2-extension-to-be-ready-in-three-months/article66664484.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="FE">{{cite news|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/infrastructure-chennai-metro-cmrl-submits-detailed-feasibility-reports-for-phase-ii-project-extension-a-progress-report-3251256/|title=CMRL submits Detailed Feasibility Reports for Phase II project extension|newspaper=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]|date=22 September 2023|access-date=30 April 2024|archive-date=29 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429192946/https://www.financialexpress.com/business/infrastructure-chennai-metro-cmrl-submits-detailed-feasibility-reports-for-phase-ii-project-extension-a-progress-report-3251256/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="PP">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chennai-metro-rail-submits-report-to-extend-connectivity-all-the-way-to-second-airport-site-at-parandur/article67706729.ece|title=Chennai Metro Rail submits report to extend connectivity all the way to second airport site at Parandur|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=4 January 2024|access-date=30 April 2024|archive-date=30 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430052229/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chennai-metro-rail-submits-report-to-extend-connectivity-all-the-way-to-second-airport-site-at-parandur/article67706729.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> In August 2024, another new extension from the [[Chennai International Airport metro station|Airport metro]] to Poonamallee was proposed with the aim of connecting the existing airport with the new airport by metro.<ref name="AP1">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/meenambakkam-to-parandur-airport-metro-connection/articleshow/112357915.cms|title=Meenambakkam to Parandur airport in 1 hour by metro|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=8 August 2024|access-date=9 August 2024}}</ref><ref name="AP2">{{cite news|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/chennai/chennai-metro-to-cut-travel-time-from-meenambakkam-to-parandur-airport-to-just-1-hour-details-article-112367681|title=Chennai Metro to cut travel time from Meenambakkam to Parandur airport to just 1 hour|newspaper=[[Times Now]]|date=8 August 2024|access-date=9 August 2024}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Airports in India]]
* [[Transport in Chennai]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Transport in Chennai}}
{{Airports in India}}

[[Category:Airports in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Proposed airports in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Airports Authority of India]]

Vijay Menon

2026-02-15T17:55:27Z

Sovrenn: done!

{{short description|Indian actor}}
{{for|the American author|Vijay Menon (writer)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Vijay Menon
| birth_name =
| image = Vijay menon.jpg
| birth_place = [[London]], [[England]], United Kingdom
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Film director]]|[[editor]]|[[actor]]|[[Dubbing (filmmaking)|dubbing artist]]}}
| nationality =
| spouse =
| children = 2
| parents =
| years_active = 1981–present
}}

'''Vijay Menon''' is an Indian actor, editor, director and [[dubbing (filmmaking)|dubbing]] artist in [[Malayalam cinema]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalamcinema.com/star-details.php?member_id=420|title=Malayalam movie photos, Malayalam cinema gallery, Malayalam cinema actress, Malayalam cinema photos, New Malayalam cinema|website=www.malayalamcinema.com|access-date=19 January 2014|archive-date=16 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616153935/http://www.malayalamcinema.com/star-details.php?member_id=420|url-status=dead}}</ref> He has acted in more than 100 films in South Indian languages. He mainly handles in character roles and supporting roles. He has won [[Kerala State Film Awards]] thrice.<ref name="award">{{Cite press release |title=Kerala State Film Awards-2017-Declaration -Reg |url=http://www.keralafilm.com/images/2018/Kerala%20State%20Film%20Awards-2017-Declaration%20-Reg.pdf |access-date=30 December 2020 |archive-date=24 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224051750/http://www.keralafilm.com/images/2018/Kerala%20State%20Film%20Awards-2017-Declaration%20-Reg.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/parvathy-indrans-and-lijo-jose-win-big-kerala-state-film-awards-2017-77624 | title=Parvathy, Indrans and Lijo Jose win big at Kerala State Film Awards 2017 | date=8 March 2018 | access-date=8 March 2018}}</ref>

==Biography==
Vijay Menon made his debut in [[Malayalam cinema]] with [[Bharathan]]’s ''[[Nidra (1981 film)|Nidra]]'' (1981) and has since appeared in over 100 films,<ref name=Anjana/> mostly in supporting roles.<ref name=BookMyShow/> In 1983, he appeared in the [[Tamil film]] ''Kan Sivanthal Man Sivakkum'' and the Malayalam film ''Rachana''.<ref name=BookMyShow/>

Menon is a graduate in filmmaking from a film institute in [[Pune]].<ref name=Anjana>{{cite web |last=George |first=Anjana |title=Vijay Menon ropes in Bhavana for his film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/vijay-menon-ropes-in-bhavana-for-his-film/articleshow/51744521.cms |website=The Times of India |date=2016-04-09 |access-date=2025-10-20 |language=en}}</ref> In 1986, he made his directorial debut with ''[[Nilavinte Nattil]]'', for which he also served as writer and editor.<ref name=BookMyShow/> In 2017, he returned to filmmaking as the writer and director of ''Vilakkumaram''.<ref name=BookMyShow/>

He writes articles in ''[[The Indian Express]]'' about international politics.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mangalam.com/mangalam-varika/139133?page%3D0%2C0 |title=ജീവന്‍ തിരിച്ചുകിട്ടിയ കഥ | mangalam.com |access-date=19 January 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122194034/http://www.mangalam.com/mangalam-varika/139133?page=0,0 |archive-date=22 January 2014 }}</ref> He won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Dubbing artist in 2011 and 2017 for the movies ''[[Melvilasom]]'' and ''[[Oppam]]'' respectively.<ref name="statefilmawards2011">{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/article572093.ece|title='Rupee' value goes up, 'Beautiful' dumped at State film awards|access-date=19 January 2014|archive-date=21 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221054818/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/article572093.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Personal life==

He is married to Kala Menon,<ref name=BookMyShow>{{cite web |title=Vijay Menon |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/person/vijay-menon/1049053 |website=BookMyShow |access-date=2025-10-20 |language=en}}</ref> and he has a daughter Leela Malavika Menon and a son Nikhil Menon.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vijay Menon |url=https://ammakerala.com/meet-the-star/view/vijay-menon |website=Association of Malayalam Movie Artistes |access-date=2025-10-20 |language=en}}</ref> His son Nikhil Menon is a screenwriter who wrote the screenplay for the ''Vilakkumaram''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arya |first=UR |title=Bhavana's Vilakkumaram gets a release date |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/bhavanas-vilakkumaram-gets-a-release-date/articleshow/59162521.cms |website=The Times of India |date=2017-06-15 |access-date=2025-10-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Nikhil Vijay Menon |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/person/nikhil-vijay-menon/IEIN029755 |website=BookMyShow |access-date=2025-10-21 |language=en}}</ref>

==Awards and honours==
{{BLP unreferenced section|date= September 2022}}
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Award
! Award category
! Work
|-
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 2011 || [[Kerala state film awards]] || [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Dubbing Artist]]|| ''[[Melvilasom]]''
|-
| 2017 || Kerala state film awards || Kerala State Film Award for Best Dubbing Artist|| ''[[Oppam]]''
|-
| 2018 || Kerala state film awards || [[Kerala State Film Award – Special Mention]]|| [[Hey Jude (film)|''Hey Jude'']]
|-
| 2017 || Kerala State Television Awards|| Second Best Actor || ''Nilavum Nakshathrangalum''
|-
| 2018 || Kerala State Television Awards || Special jury mention|| ''Kshnaprabhachanchalam''

|}

==Filmography==
{{BLP unreferenced section|date= September 2022}}

===Actor===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 1981 || ''[[Nidra (1981 film)|Nidra]]'' || Raju ||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 1983 || ''[[Kann Sivanthaal Mann Sivakkum]]'' || Gautam || Tamil
|-
| ''[[Prem Nazirine Kanmanilla]]'' || Kidnapper (III) ||
|-
| ''[[Rachana (film)|Rachana]]'' || Rajan ||
|-
| ''[[Asthi]]'' || Dileep ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1984 || ''[[Nilaavinte Naattil]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Anbulla Malare]]'' || ||
|-
| 1985 || ''[[Choodatha Pookal]]'' || Suresh ||
|-
| 1986 || ''[[Meenamasathile Sooryan]]'' || Chirukandan ||
|-
| 1988 || ''[[Isabella (1988 film)|Isabella]]'' || ||
|-
| 1989 || ''[[Varusham 16]]'' || Moorthy || Tamil
|-
| rowspan=4 | 1990 || ''[[Iyer the Great]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Anantha Vruthantham]]'' || Franky ||
|-
| ''[[Mukham]]'' || Vijay ||
|-
| ''Prosecution'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1991 || ''Utharakaandam'' || ||
|-
| ''Kadhanayika'' || ||
|-
| 1993 || ''[[Airport (1993 film)|Airport]]'' || Vijay Menon || Tamil
|-
| 1994 || ''[[Sainyam]]'' || Terrorist Salim ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1995 || ''[[The King (1995 film)|The King]]'' || Dr. Vijay ||
|-
| ''Boxer'' || ||
|-
| 1997 || ''Ezhu Nilaappanthal'' || ||
|-
| 1998 || ''[[Meenathil Thalikettu]]'' || Rozario ||
|-
| 1999 || ''[[Pathram]]'' || Photographer Vipin ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2001 || '' Agrahaaram'' || ||
|-
| ''Pranayaaksharangal'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2004 || ''[[Vajram (2004 film)|Vajram]]'' || Dr. Nissar ||
|-
| ''Masanagudi Mannadiyar Speaking'' || ||
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Rajamanikyam]]'' || [[Advocate|Adv.]] Lal Cheriyan ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2007 || ''[[Soorya Kireedam]]'' || Dr. Venu ||
|-
| ''Thaniye'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Nadiya Kollappetta Rathri]]'' || Kalpathi Seetharaman ||
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Pachamarathanalil]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2009 || ''Bhaarya Swantham Suhruthu'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Banaras (2009 film)|Banaras]]'' || Prof. Ananthakrishnan ||
|-
| ''[[Vairam: Fight for Justice]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Keralotsavam 2009]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2010 || ''Ring Tone'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Nayakan (2010 film)|Nayakan]]'' || [[Advocate|Adv.]] Sreenivasan ||
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Violin (2011 film)|Violin]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=7 | 2012 || ''[[The King & the Commissioner]]'' || Dr. Kishore Balakrishnan ||
|-
| ''[[Father's Day (2012 film)|Father's Day]]'' || Noble Mathew ||
|-
| ''[[Nidra (2012 film)|Nidra]]'' || Dr. Roy Peter ||
|-
| ''[[Cobra (2012 film)|Cobra]]'' || Referee ||
|-
| ''Karppooradeepam'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Spirit (2012 film)|Spirit]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Banking Hours 10 to 4]]'' || Dr. John ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2013 || ''[[Careebeyans]]'' || Vijayan ||
|-
| ''Police Maamman'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Zachariayude Garbhinikal]]'' || Dr. Chandykunju ||
|-
| 2014 || ''Mithram'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2015 || ''[[Jamna Pyari]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Lailaa O Lailaa]]'' || Christy ||
|-
| ''[[King Liar]]'' || Minister Thomas Chennikkadan ||
|-
| ''[[Salt Mango Tree]]'' || Vice Principal ||
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Kattumakkan]]'' || Rahul ||
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Pokkiri Simon]]'' || Mariner Somashekahran ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2018 || ''[[Hey Jude (film)|Hey Jude]]'' || Dr. Sebastian Chakkaraparambil ||<ref>{{cite web |title=Hey Jude |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/Malayalam/movie-details/Hey-Jude/movieshow/61983642.cms |website=The Times of India |date=2018-02-02 |access-date=2025-10-20 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''Antagonist'' || ||<ref>{{cite web |title='Antagonist': A short thriller that delivers a whole cinema |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2018/06/06/antagonist-a-short-thriller-that-delivers-a-whole-cinema.html |website=Onmanorama |date=2018-06-06 |access-date=2025-10-20 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Athiran]]'' || Prof. P. Subrahmanya Iyer ||
|-
| 2020 || ''Pixelia'' || ||
|-
| 2021 || ''Grahanam'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2022 || ''[[Mahaveeryar]]'' || Veerasimhan ||
|-
| ''[[1921: Puzha Muthal Puzha Vare]]'' || Aamu ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2023 || ''[[Dhoomam (2023 film)|Dhoomam]]'' || Ajay Varma ||
|-
| ''[[Sesham Mike-il Fathima]]'' || Vijay John ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2025 || ''[[Rekhachithram]]'' || Adv. Jacob ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Madhu |first=Vignesh |date=2024-12-24 |title=Rekhachithram trailer has Asif Ali as a cop trying to unravel past mysteries |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Dec/24/rekhachithram-trailer-has-asif-ali-as-a-cop-trying-to-unravel-past-mysteries |access-date=2025-01-09 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Lokah Chapter 1: Chandra]]'' || || Cameo<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 September 2025|title=‘Lokah isn't coming to OTT anytime soon...’: Dulquer Salmaan addresses rumours|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/dulquer-salmaan-addresses-lokah-chapter-one-ott-platform-release-date-ucjyiwem |access-date=5 October 2025|website=Mathrubhumi News|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2026 || ''Spa'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-10 |title=Abrid Shine’s Spa release deferred by a day |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2026/Feb/10/abrid-shines-spa-release-deferred-by-a-day |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

===Dubbing artist===
{{BLP unreferenced section|date= September 2022}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Character!! Dubbed for
|-
| 1989|| The News || Victor George ||[[Babu Antony]]
|-
| 1990|| [[Randam Varavu]]|| [[Deputy inspector general of police]]
|-
| 1995|| [[Aksharam]] || Ramji ||[[Tej Sapru]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1996|| [[Yuvathurki]] || [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]] Director Jaypal|| rowspan="2" |[[Kitty (actor)|Kitty]]
|-
| [[The Prince (1996 film)|The Prince]] || Jaffer Bhai
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1997|| [[Adukkala Rahasyam Angaadi Paattu]] || Adv.Babu Thomas|| [[Baburaj (actor)|Baburaj]]
|-
| [[Masmaram]] || Darshandas|| [[Kitty (actor)|Kitty]]
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1999|| [[F. I. R. (1999 film)|F. I. R.]] || Narendra Shetty|| [[Rajeev (Tamil actor)|Rajeev]]
|-
| [[Niram]] || Prakash Mathew || [[Boban Alummoodan]]
|-
| [[Olympiyan Anthony Adam]] || [[Director general of police|DGP]] Krishnan Nair||
|-
| 2009|| [[Calendar (2009 film)|Calendar]] ||Cleetus || [[Pratap K. Pothen]]
|-
| 2016 ||''[[Oppam]]'' || Vasudevan || [[Samuthirakani]]
|-
| 2017|| [[Adam Joan]] || Nathen || [[Madhusudhan Rao (actor)|Madhusudhan Rao]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021|| [[Nayattu (2021 film)|Nayattu]] || [[Director general of police|DGP]] || Ajith Koshy
|-
| Michael's Coffee House||Uncle Sam|| [[Mohan Sharma]]
|-
|2022|| ''[[Sita Ramam]] (Malayalam Version)''|| Brid.Abu Thariq || [[Sachin Khedekar]]
|-
|2023|| [[Garudan (2023 film)|Garudan]] || [[Colonel|Col]].Philip ||[[Thalaivasal Vijay]]
|}

===Direction===
* [[Nilavinte nattil]] (1986)
* Pranayaaksharangal (2001)
* Vilakkumaram (2017)<ref>{{cite web |title=Vilakkumaram |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-details/vilakkumaram/movieshow/61201464.cms |website=[[The Times of India]] |publisher= |date=2017-06-16 |access-date=2025-10-20 |language=en}}</ref>

===Story===
* [[Nilavinte nattil]] (1986)
* Pranayaaksharangal (2001)

===Dialogue===
* [[Nilavinte nattil]] (1986)
* Pranayaaksharangal (2001)

===Screenplay===
* [[Nilavinte nattil]](1986)
* Pranayaaksharangal (2001)
* Vilakkumaram (2017)

===Editing===
* [[Nilavinte nattil]] (1986)

==Television career==
{{BLP unreferenced section|date= September 2022}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Serial !!Role!!Channel!! Notes
|-
|2003||Sthree Janmam|| ||[[Surya TV]]||
|-
|2003-2004||Sthree Oru Saanthwanam|| ||[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]||
|-
|2003||Aalippazham|| ||Surya TV||
|-
|2007||Nombarappoovu|| ||Asianet||
|-
|2009||Thulabharam|| ||Surya TV||
|-
|2007-2009||Ente Manasaputhri||DYSP||[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]||
|-
|2010-2011||Randamathoral|| ||[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]||
|-
|2011||Chila Nerangalil Chila Manushyar|| ||[[Amrita TV]]||
|-
|2011||Avakashikal||Karan||[[Surya TV]] ||
|-
|2013|| Makal|| ||Surya TV||
|-
|2013-2014||[[Pattu Saree]]|| ||[[Mazhavil Manorama]]||
|-
|2016-2017 ||Nilavum Nakshtrangalum||Dr Mahendran||Amrita TV|
|-
|2018|| Police|| || ACV||
|-
|2018||Kshanaprabhachanchalam||Sivashankar||Amrita TV
|-
|2024- Present||Meenu's Kitchen||Mohanachandran||[[Mazhavil Manorama]]||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|1122888}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Menon, Vijay}}
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Palakkad]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Kerala State Film Award winners]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Ottapalam]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam television]]
[[Category:Malayalam film directors]]
[[Category:Malayalam screenwriters]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Kerala]]

Shyam Sundar Shyam

2026-01-26T18:29:44Z

Sovrenn:

{{Short description|Indian politician (1923–1985)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2024}}
{{AI-generated|date=December 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Shyam Sundar Shyam
| image = File:Shyam rajput shayam INC.jpg
| caption = Official portrait, 1985
| office1 = Deputy Speaker of [[Vindhya Pradesh]]
| term_start1 = 1952
| term_end1 = 1957
| predecessor1 = Office established
| successor1 = Office dissolved
| office2 = Member of the [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency2 = [[Datia Assembly constituency|Datia]]
| term_start2 = 1977
| term_end2 = 1985
| predecessor2 = Gulab Chand Kanoolal
| successor2 = [[Rajendra Bharti]]
| term_start3 = 1967
| term_end3 = 1972
| predecessor3 = Pandit Surya Deo Sharma
| successor3 = Gulab Chand Kanoolal
| term_start4 = 1957
| term_end4 = 1962
| predecessor4 = Constituency established
| successor4 = Pandit Surya Deo Sharma
| birth_date = 7 December 1923
| birth_place = [[Datia]], [[Bundelkhand Agency]], [[British India]] (present-day [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]])
| death_date = 2 February 1985 (aged 61)
| death_place = [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| spouse = Savitri Shyam (m. 1941)
| children = 9 (including [[Rajendra Bharti]])
| parents = Murlidhar (father) Brij Rani (mother)
| alma_mater = [[Agra University]]([[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]]) ([[L.L.B]])
| occupation = [[Activist]], [[Lawyer]], [[Politician]]
}}

'''Shyam Sundar Shyam''' (7 December 1923 – 2 February 1985) was a prominent leader of the [[Indian National Congress]] and a significant political figure of [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Vindhya Pradesh]]. He is notably recognized as the first [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] (MLA) from [[Datia Assembly constituency|Datia]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-02 |title=MP: क्या दतिया में वापसी कर पाएगी कांग्रेस? |url=https://www.aajtak.in/india/madhya-pradesh/story/madhya-pradesh-assembly-election-datia-seat-bjp-congress-563051-2018-09-02 |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Shyam Sundar Shyam was born in [[Datia]] [[Madhya Pradesh]]. He started his career in [[politics]] with [[Indian National Congress]] He then filed several elections of the Vidhan Sabha of Datia and became the first elected [[Member of Legislative Assembly]] (MLA) from Datia. After Shyam Sundar Shyam's death on February 2, 1985, his son [[Rajendra Bharti]] contested the election from [[Datia]] and won.[https://mpvidhansabha.nic.in/11thvs/11-23.pdf]<ref>{{Cite web |title=MP चुनाव :दतिया विधानसभा सीट पर है BJP का कब्जा, क्या होगी कांग्रेस की वापसी |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/madhya-pradesh-chhattisgarh/mp-election-datia-vidhansabha/461883 |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=Zee News |language=hi}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Shyam Sundar Shyam was born into a family with a strong educational background. His grandfather, Mathura Prasad, was a businessman under [[British Raj|British rule]]. His father, Shri Murlidhar, was a well-known geography teacher at Lord Reading High School in Datia and mother Brijrani was a housewife. Shyam Sundar Shyam married Savitri Shyam in 1941, and together they had nine children. Shyam's academic journey began at home, followed by education at the Hindi Middle School in [[Allahabad]] and high school in [[Datia]], where he graduated in 1940. He pursued higher studies at Government Inter College, [[Jhansi]] (1942), and later completed his [[B.A.]] and [[LL.B.]] from [[Agra University]]. In 1955, he served as a teacher in [[Datia State|Datia]] High School before being promoted to Deputy Education Inspector.

A multi-faceted personality, Shyam Sundar Shyam excelled in various fields during his student life, including [[literature]], [[music]], [[field hockey|hockey]] and [[public service]]. His involvement in the 1942 national movement led to his arrest, marking the beginning of his lifelong commitment to public service. At the time of arrest of [[Indira Gandhi]] in 1978 he was arrested again, this time alongside his son [[Rajendra Bharti]], who later became an MLA from [[Datia]].<ref>{{Cite web| title=जडेल, ी बाबू - इंिडयन नेशनल कांेस | language=hi | trans-title=Jadel, Shri Babu - Indian National Congress | url=https://mpvidhansabha.nic.in/mlaprofilevsxvi100325.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250310100826/https://mpvidhansabha.nic.in/mlaprofilevsxvi100325.pdf | archive-date=2025-03-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://theprint.in/yourturn/subscriberwrites-seasoned-politician-shyam-sunder-shyam-a-legacy-of-service-and-commitment-to-democracy/2221356/ | title=SubscriberWrites: Seasoned politician Shyam Sunder Shyam: A legacy of service and commitment to democracy | website=[[ThePrint]] | date=13 August 2024 }}</ref>

== Political career ==
Shyam Sundar Shyam was an active participant in the [[Quit India Movement]], a significant part of India's struggle for independence from [[British Raj|British rule]]. While employed in a government job in [[Datia district|Datia]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], Shyam Sundar joined the movement and, along with Narayan Khare, went underground for 34 days to evade [[British authorities]].
During this time, Shyam Sundar traveled from village to village, spreading [[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s message of non-violent resistance and civil disobedience. His dedication to the cause played a crucial role in mobilizing support for the [[Quit India Movement]] in 1942, contributing to the broader effort to end [[British colonial rule]] in [[India]]. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Siddiqui |first=A. U. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_Ps1_lvyBxMC |title=Indian Freedom Movement in Princely States of Vindhya Pradesh |date=2004 |publisher=Northern Book Centre |isbn=978-81-7211-150-2 |language=en}}</ref>

Shyam Sundar Shyam first contested an election in 1952 and won consecutively, serving as an [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] from 1952 to 1957 and then again from 1957 to 1962. He later served three more terms from 1967 to 1972, 1977 to 1980 and from 1980 to 1985.<ref>{{Cite web |title=दतिया: कांग्रेस-बीजेपी की लड़ाई में बसपा की एंट्री से मुकाबला त्रिकोणीय हुआ |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/madhya-pradesh-chhattisgarh/madhya-pradesh-assembly-elections-2018-equal-fight-between-congress-bjp-and-bsp-on-datia/469968 |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=Zee News |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-03 |title=MP Election 2023- ऐसे भाषण दिए कि पस्त पड़ गए विरोधी, वोटर्स ने निर्दलीय को जिताया {{!}} MP Election 2023- Suryadev Sharma defeated Shyam Sundar of Congress |url=https://www.patrika.com/datia-news/mp-election-2023-suryadev-sharma-defeated-shyam-sundar-of-congress-8571344 |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=Patrika News |language=hi}}</ref>[https://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/History%20web/OldElectionResults/1980.pdf] He was also the vice president of the [[Vindhya Pradesh]] Vidhan Sabha, with the first meeting held on April 21, 1952,<ref>{{Cite web |title=MP Legislative Assembly |url=https://mpvidhansabha.nic.in/history.htm |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=mpvidhansabha.nic.in}}</ref> and held various key positions, including membership in the Bundelkhand Congress Committee, the V.P.C.C. Executive, and as an observer for the [[Madhya Pradesh Congress Committee]] during the 1962 elections and in 1969-70 also chosen as the leader of pragati-sheel dal.

Elected to the Vidhan Sabha in 1952, Shyam Sundar Shyam served as [[Deputy Speaker]] of the [[Vindhya Pradesh]] Assembly. He chaired several important committees, including the [[Public Accounts Committee]], the Estimates Committee and the [[Committee of Privileges]]. His tenure saw significant contributions to legislative procedures and governance, earning him respect and admiration across the political spectrum. His other notable roles included being a member of the Rajya Praja Mandal (1942-43), the Bundelkhand Congress Committee (1948-49) and serving as the first administrator of [[Datia Assembly constituency|Datia]]. Additionally, he was a political advisor to the prime minister of Vindhya Pradesh in 1948-49 and being a pioneer for bringing the Rajghat Project in 1977 to benefit the folk of [[Datia]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://theprint.in/yourturn/subscriberwrites-seasoned-politician-shyam-sunder-shyam-a-legacy-of-service-and-commitment-to-democracy/2221356/ | title=SubscriberWrites: Seasoned politician Shyam Sunder Shyam: A legacy of service and commitment to democracy | website=[[ThePrint]] | date=13 August 2024 }}</ref>

== Progressive politics==
Shyam Sundar was elected as the chairman of the Progressive Legislative Group in the [[Madhya Pradesh]] Vidhan Sabha for the session 1969-70. In this role, he championed the cause of [[social justice]], economic upliftment and the progress of suppressed communities. His leadership was marked by a strong stance against [[feudalism]], reflecting his commitment to [[democracy]], [[socialism]] and [[secularism]]. He once stated, "We are committed to the cause of democracy, socialism and secularism. Our primary duty is to eradicate feudalism." The late 1960s were a period of significant political realignment in India, marked by the emergence of the Progressive Vidhayak Dal (PVD). Under Shyam Sundar's leadership, the PVD was established as a counterforce to [[Vijaya Raje Scindia|Rajmata Scindia's]] faction, advocating for democracy, socialism and secularism. The PVD was a diverse coalition, comprising legislators from various backgrounds, including defectors from the [[Rajmata]] group and the [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh|Jana Sangh]]. This diversity reflected the PVD's broader appeal and its commitment to progressive political change.
Shyam Sundar's leadership within the PVD was instrumental in opposing feudalism and promoting [[social justice]] and economic upliftment for the people of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. His dedication to these causes was evident in his political career, particularly during the 1977 Vidhan Sabha elections, a time when the [[Janata Party|Janta Party]] was on the rise. Despite the political wave, Shyam Sundar's unwavering commitment to his constituents led to his election to the [[Vidhan Sabha]] four times, consistently securing the trust and support of the people.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://theprint.in/yourturn/subscriberwrites-shyam-sundar-shyam-a-political-luminary-of-madhya-pradesh/2255703/ | title=SubscriberWrites: Shyam Sundar Shyam: A political luminary of Madhya Pradesh | website=[[ThePrint]] | date=6 September 2024 }}</ref>

==Literary contributions==
An accomplished writer, Shyam Sundar Shyam penned articles and poems in [[Hindi]], [[Sanskrit]] and English. He edited the Hindi weekly "Desh-Ke-Yuvak" and was actively involved in the Hindi Sahitya Sammelan Executive. His contributions extended to the cooperative sector, where he served as secretary and held the presidency of the Jila Bhumi Vikas Bank and was a member of the Jila Sahkari Bank in [[Datia]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://theprint.in/yourturn/subscriberwrites-seasoned-politician-shyam-sunder-shyam-a-legacy-of-service-and-commitment-to-democracy/2221356/ | title=SubscriberWrites: Seasoned politician Shyam Sunder Shyam: A legacy of service and commitment to democracy | website=[[ThePrint]] | date=13 August 2024 }}</ref>

==Contributions to journalism and media==
Beyond his political endeavours, Shyam Sundar had a significant and impactful career in [[journalism]] and media. He contributed extensively as a journalist for the Indian News Chronicle and Janasatta, where his articles and news reviews were regularly published. Journalism was not just a profession for Shyam Sundar; it was a vital means through which he communicated important issues to the public, helping to shape public opinion and inform society.

His commitment to [[journalism]] extended further when he became one of the founders of the People's Press of India, a news agency established in the late 1940s. Shyam Sundar recognized the critical role that the press plays in shaping public opinion and holding leaders accountable. His journalistic efforts were not merely about reporting the news but were also integral to his political strategy. The media platform he helped create enabled him to popularize the political initiatives and actions he believed in, thereby reinforcing his influence in both [[journalism]] and [[politics]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://theprint.in/yourturn/subscriberwrites-shyam-sundar-shyam-a-political-luminary-of-madhya-pradesh/2255703/ | title=SubscriberWrites: Shyam Sundar Shyam: A political luminary of Madhya Pradesh | website=[[ThePrint]] | date=6 September 2024 }}</ref>

==Legacy==
Shyam Sundar Shyam's legacy is one of unwavering commitment to [[democracy]], [[social justice]] and [[public service]]. His relentless efforts to champion the rights of the poor and marginalised left an indelible mark on the political landscape of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. A staunch supporter of [[Indira Gandhi]], he played a crucial role in her political campaigns, even facing arrest for his [[activism]].

Shyam Sundar Shyam's life was a testament to his dedication to the principles of [[democracy]], [[Secularism in India|secularism]] and [[socialism]]. His death in 1985 marked the end of an era, but his contributions continue to inspire future generations of leaders committed to the betterment of society. His legacy is carried forward by his elder son, [[Rajendra Bharti]], who has served three terms as the [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of [[Datia]]. His younger son, Ravi Chaurasia was the member of the [[All India Congress Committee|AICC]] and a former member of Madhya Pradesh Pollution Board. His daughter-in-law, Savita Bajpai, was a minister of [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://theprint.in/yourturn/subscriberwrites-seasoned-politician-shyam-sunder-shyam-a-legacy-of-service-and-commitment-to-democracy/2221356/ | title=SubscriberWrites: Seasoned politician Shyam Sunder Shyam: A legacy of service and commitment to democracy | website=[[ThePrint]] | date=13 August 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| title=Statistical report on general election, 1977 to the legislative assembly of Madhya Pradesh | url=https://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/History%20web/OldElectionResults/1977.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130822001842/http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/History%20web/OldElectionResults/1977.pdf | archive-date=2013-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aajtak.in/madhya-pradesh/story/ex-mp-minister-savita-vajpayee-passes-away-in-bhopal-lcln-dskc-2130080-2024-12-26 | title=मध्य प्रदेश की तीन बार मंत्री रह चुकीं सविता वाजपेयी का निधन, Cm मोहन यादव ने जताया दुख | date=26 December 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.patrika.com/bhopal-news/former-minister-savita-bajpai-passes-away-cm-mohan-expressed-grief-19264787 | title=एमपी की पूर्व मंत्री का निधन; सियासी गलियारों में शोक की लहर, सीएम मोहन ने जताया दुख | Former minister Savita Bajpai passes away CM Mohan expressed grief | date=26 December 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/madhya-pradesh/socialist-leader-and-former-madhya-pradesh-minister-savita-bajpai-passes-away-3332526 | title=Socialist leader and former Madhya Pradesh minister Savita Bajpai passes away }}</ref>

[[File:Samadhi shyam datia.jpg|thumb|310x310px|'''Samadhi''' ''Site at Shyam Vatika, [[Datia]]''|center]]
== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shyam, Shyam Sunder}}
[[Category:1985 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Bundelkhand]]
[[Category:People from Datia]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:1923 births]]

Gabon–India relations

2026-01-26T15:08:58Z

Sovrenn: quick updated references for consistency and added references

{{Infobox bilateral relations|Gabon–India|Gabon|India}}

'''Gabon–India relations''' are the international relations between [[Gabon]] and [[India]]. Gabon maintains an embassy in New Delhi. The Embassy of India in Kinshasa, [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] is jointly accredited to Gabon. India also maintains an honorary consulate in Libreville.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Missions Abroad|url=http://mea.gov.in/indian-mission.htm?75/75/0|website=Ministry of External Affairs|access-date=5 April 2017|language=en}}</ref>

==History==
Senior Minister for National Defence of Gabon [[Ali Bongo Ondimba]] visited India in November 2007.<ref name="GabonEmbassy"/><ref name="MEA2016" /> He visited India again in October 2015 as president to attend the 3rd India-Africa Forum Summit in New Delhi.<ref>{{cite web|title=Glimpse of 3rd IAFS 2015|url=http://www.gabonembassynewdelhi.com/images/pdf/africa_summit.pdf|website=Embassy of Gabon, New Delhi|access-date=5 April 2017|archive-date=19 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519144329/http://www.gabonembassynewdelhi.com/images/pdf/africa_summit.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Several Gabonese ministers have also visited India.<ref name="GabonEmbassy"/><ref name="MEA2016" /> The only visit by an Indian government official to Gabon occurred in September 2015, when Minister of State for Human Resource Development and Special Envoy of the Prime Minister [[Ram Shankar Katheria]] visited Libreville and met with President Ondimba.<ref name="MEA2016" />

Varsha Pallavi, Economic Assistant to the Head of the Embassy of Gabon in New Delhi, represented the country at the India-Africa Agribusiness Forum organized by FICCI, the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Commerce and Industry in February 2016. The Forum was also attended by Indian Minister of Agriculture [[Radha Mohan Singh]] and senior ministers from Botswana, Seychelles, Zambia and other African nations.<ref>{{cite web|title='India -Africa Agribusiness Forum' 2016|url=http://www.gabonembassynewdelhi.com/images/pdf/agribusiness.pdf|website=Embassy of Gabon, New Delhi|access-date=5 April 2017|archive-date=19 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519144329/http://www.gabonembassynewdelhi.com/images/pdf/agribusiness.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Trade==
Bilateral trade between Gabon and India totaled US$142.45 million in 2015–16, declining sharply from $835.73 million the previous fiscal. India exported $36.82 million worth of goods to Gabon, and imported $105.63 million. The main commodities exported by India to Gabon are meat and meat products, pharmaceuticals, cotton, iron and steel. The major commodities imported by India from Gabon are wood and wood articles, ores, slag and ash.<ref name="MEA2016">{{cite web|title=India – Republic of Gabon Relations|url=http://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Bilateral_Briefs_Gabon_2016.pdf|website=Ministry of External Affairs|access-date=5 April 2017|date=8 December 2016}}</ref><ref name = "GabonEmbassy">{{cite web|title=Gabon-India Ties|url=http://www.gabonembassynewdelhi.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=26&Itemid=50&lang=en|website=Embassy of Gabon, New Delhi|access-date=5 April 2017|language=en-gb}}</ref>

In June 2010, [[Bharti Airtel]] struck a deal to buy [[Zain Group|Zain]]'s mobile operations in 15 African countries, including Gabon, for $8.97 billion, in India's second biggest overseas acquisition after Tata Steel's US$13 billion buy of Corus in 2007. Bharti Airtel completed the acquisition on 8 June 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-zain-bharti-idUSTRE6570VJ20100608|title=Bharti closes $9 billion Zain Africa deal|last1=Tripathy | first1=Devidutta |last2=Goma |first2=Eman |date=8 June 2010|work=[[Reuters]]|publisher=Reuters|access-date=7 September 2014}}</ref> Tata Chemicals announced in April 2011 that it would invest $290 million to acquire a 25.1% stake from Singaporean firm Olam International in a urea manufacturing project located near the port town of [[Port-Gentil]]. Tata stated that it would export 25% of the plant's total produce to India.<ref>{{cite web|title=India to manufacture fertiliser in Gabon, and then ship it back home|url=https://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/india-to-manufacture-fertiliser-in-gabon-and-then-ship-it-back-home/|website=How We Made It In Africa|access-date=5 April 2017|date=18 April 2011}}</ref> Oil India Ltd. (OIL), in partnership with Indian Oil Ltd., conducted oil exploration in Shakti Block, Lamberele.<ref name="MEA2016"/><ref name = "GabonEmbassy"/> OIL discovered 44 million barrels of oil at the site in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=Explained: This is India's trade footprint in Africa|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/this-is-indias-trade-footprint-in-africa/|website=The Indian Express|access-date=5 April 2017|date=23 October 2015}}</ref>

Indian firms such as Ramky Infrastructure Ltd. and M3M India Limited have won contracts to develop the infrastructure sector in Gabon.<ref>{{cite web|title=India – Republic of Gabon Relations|url=http://mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Republic_of_Gabon.pdf|website=Ministry of External Affairs|access-date=5 April 2017|date=May 2013}}</ref><ref name = "GabonEmbassy"/>

==Foreign aid==
India provided Gabon with a [[line of credit]] (LOC) worth $14.5 million in March 2007 to build 300 houses and amenities in [[Bikelé (place)|Bikele]] near Libreville. Another LOC worth $67.19 million was provided to upgrade Gabon's broadcasting facilities.<ref name="MEA2016" /><ref name="GabonEmbassy" />

Gabon was among the first 15 African countries in which India implemented the Pan African e-network project. Tele-education, Tele-medicine and VVIP connectivity were established in Libreville under the project. At the first India Africa Forum Summit in New Delhi in April 2008, India agreed to establish a vocational training centre in Gabon as part of a "Plan of Action" with the African Union.<ref name="MEA2016" /><ref name="GabonEmbassy" />

Citizens of Gabon are eligible for scholarships under the [[Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation Programme]]<ref name="MEA2016" /><ref name="GabonEmbassy" /> and the [[Indian Council for Cultural Relations]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Africa Scholarships|url=http://www.iccr.gov.in/content/africa-scholarships|website=Indian Council for Cultural Relations|access-date=5 April 2017|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512210421/http://iccr.gov.in/content/africa-scholarships|archive-date=12 May 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Several officials from Gabon have also received training programs under the AIFS.<ref name="MEA2016" /><ref name="GabonEmbassy" />

==Cultural relations==
Ambassador of Gabon Desire Koumba inaugurated the 4th Global Festival of Journalism held at Marwah Studios, Noida in February 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gabonembassynewdelhi.com/images/pdf/journalism-noida.pdf|title=Gllobal Journalism fest in Noida|date=22 February 2016|website=Embassy of Gabon, New Delhi|publisher=The Times of India|access-date=5 April 2017|archive-date=19 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519144404/http://www.gabonembassynewdelhi.com/images/pdf/journalism-noida.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Indians in Gabon==
As of December 2016, around 100 Indians is reported to be residing in Gabon. They are one of the fastest growing businesspersons who are primarily involved in the infrastructure projects, trading affairs, export of timber and metal scrap.<ref name="MEA2016"/><ref name = "GabonEmbassy"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Foreign relations of Gabon}}
{{Foreign relations of India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gabon-India relations}}
[[Category:Gabon–India relations| ]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of India|Gabon]]
[[Category:India–Africa relations]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of Gabon|India]]
[[Category:India and the Commonwealth of Nations]]

Fourth N. T. Rama Rao ministry

2026-01-22T15:24:56Z

Sovrenn: Starting A Biography Initial Version

{{Short description|Andhra Pradesh Council of Ministers headed by N. T. Rama Rao (1994–1995)}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox government cabinet
| cabinet_type = Ministry
| cabinet_number =19th
| jurisdiction = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| flag =Emblem of Andhra Pradesh before 2014.svg
| flag_border =
| incumbent =
| image = NT Rama Rao.jpg
| caption = [[N. T. Rama Rao]]
| image_size = 125px
| date_formed = 12 December 1994
| date_dissolved = 1 September 1995
| government_head = [[N. T. Rama Rao]]
| government_head_history =
| state_head = [[Krishan Kant]]
| members_number =
| former_members_number =
| total_number =
| political_parties = {{Color box|{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}|border=darkgray}} [[Telugu Desam Party]]
| legislature_status = [[Majority government|Majority]]
| opposition_cabinet =
| opposition_party = {{Color box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|border=darkgray}} [[Indian National Congress]]
| opposition_leader =[[P. Janardhan Reddy]] ({{small|[[List of leaders of the opposition in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Leader of the opposition]]}})
| election = [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]]
| last_election = [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| legislature_term = 1 year
| budget =
| advice_and_consent1 =
| advice_and_consent2 =

| incoming_formation =
| outgoing_formation =
| previous = [[Second Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy Ministry]]
| successor = [[First N. Chandrababu Naidu ministry]]
|flag_width=125|state_head_title=[[List of governors of Andhra Pradesh|Governor]]|government_head_title=[[List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Chief Minister]]}}

The '''Fourth N. T. Rama Rao ministry''' (or also known as '''19th''' '''ministry of Andhra Pradesh''') was formed in December 1994 and lasted till September 1995. N. T. Rama Rao was the Telugu film actor-turned-politician form [[Telugu Desam Party]] who was sworn in the Chief Minister of N. T. Rama Rao in December 1994.<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19870731-andhra-pradesh-chief-minister-n.t.-rama-rao-ministry-reshuffle-raises-many-eyebrows-799131-1987-07-31 Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister N.T. Rama Rao ministry reshuffle raises many eyebrows]</ref><ref>[https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/soc.culture.indian.telugu/WLThKQ52KE0 A.P. Ministers list]</ref>

His fourth and last term as Chief Minister only lasted nine months following a coup led by his son-in-law [[Nara Chandrababu Naidu]] in which he was ousted.<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19950930-victorious-chandrababu-naidu-will-have-to-reckon-with-father-in-law-ntrs-mass-appeal-808231-1995-09-30 Victorious Chandrababu Naidu will have to reckon with father-in-law NTR's mass appeal]</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1996/01/19/world/n-t-rama-rao-72-is-dead-star-status-infused-his-politics.html N. T. Rama Rao, 72, Is Dead; Star Status Infused His Politics]</ref><ref>[https://www.ndtv.com/elections-news/chandrababu-naidu-back-in-the-reckoning-with-some-help-from-narendra-modi-557731 Chandrababu Naidu: back in the reckoning, with some help from Narendra Modi]</ref>

==Council of Ministers==

{| class ="wikitable"
|-
!SI No.
! rowspan="2" |Portfolio
!rowspan=2 |Minister
!rowspan=2 |Constituency
!colspan=2 |Tenure
!rowspan=2 colspan="2" scope="col" |Party
|-
!
!Took office
!Left office
|- style="text-align: center;"
|
| colspan="7" |'''[[List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Chief Minister]]'''
|- style="text-align: center;"
|1.
|Minister of Major irrigation, Power, Major Industries, General Administration, All-India Services, Law Order, Law, Handlooms & Textiles and all residual subjects
| '''[[N. T. Rama Rao]]'''
|[[Hindupur (Assembly constituency)|Hindupur]]
|12 December 1994
|1 September 1995
|{{party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-style="text-align: center;"
|
| colspan="7" |'''Cabinet Ministers'''
|-style="text-align: center;"
|2.
|Minister of Revenue, Relief, Rehabilitation, Finance, Planning, Small Savings & Lotteries
| '''[[N Chandrababu Naidu]]'''
|[[Kuppam (Assembly constituency)|Kuppam]]
|12 December 1994
|1 September 1995
|{{party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-style="text-align: center;"
|3.
|Minister of Commercial Taxes, Legislative Affairs
| '''[[Pusapati Ashok Gajapathi Raju]]'''
|[[Vizianagaram (Assembly constituency)|Vizianagaram]]
|12 December 1994
|1 September 1995
|{{party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-style="text-align: center;"
|4.
|Minister of Roads and Buildings, Ports
| '''[[Chintakayala Ayyanna Patrudu]]'''
|[[Narsipatnam (Assembly constituency)|Narsipatnam]]
|12 December 1994
|1 September 1995
|{{party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-style="text-align: center;"
|5.
|Minister of Minorities, Wakf, Urdu Academy, Cinematography, Film Development Corporation, Science and Technology.
| '''Basheeruddin Babu Khan'''
|[[Bodhan (Assembly constituency)|Bodhan]]
|12 December 1994
|1 September 1995
|{{party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-style="text-align: center;"
|6.
|Minister of Rs 2 a kg rice programme, Civil Supplies, Weights and Measures.
| '''[[Gorantla Butchaiah Chowdary]]'''
|[[Rajahmundry City (Assembly constituency)|Rajahmundry]]
|12 December 1994
|1 September 1995
|{{party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-style="text-align: center;"
|7.
|Minister of Transport.
| '''P. Chandrasekhar'''
|[[Mahbubnagar (Assembly constituency)|Mahbubnagar]]
|17 December 1994
|1 September 1995
|{{party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-style="text-align: center;"
|8.
|Minister of Mines & Geology.
| '''[[Muddasani Damodar Reddy]]'''
|[[Kamalapur Assembly constituency, Andhra Pradesh Assembly constituency|Kamalapur]]
|17 December 1994
|1 September 1995
|{{party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-style="text-align: center;"
|9.
|Minister of BC Welfare, cooperation and Total Prohibition
| '''[[Tulla Devender Goud]]'''
|[[Medchal (Assembly constituency)|Medchal]]
|17 December 1994
|1 September 1995
|{{party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-style="text-align: center;"
|10.
|Minister of Home, Jail & Fire Services
| '''[[P. Indra Reddy]]'''
|[[Chevella (Assembly constituency)|Chevella]]
|17 December 1994
|1 September 1995
|{{party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-style="text-align: center;"
|11.
|Minister of Health & Medical Education
| '''[[Alimineti Madhava Reddy]]'''
|[[Bhongir (Assembly constituency)|Bhongir]]
|17 December 1994
|1 September 1995
|{{party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-style="text-align: center;"
|12.
|Minister of Municipal Administration & Urban Development
| '''B V Mohan Reddy'''
|[[Yemmiganur (Assembly constituency)|Yemmiganur]]
|17 December 1994
|1 September 1995
|{{party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-style="text-align: center;"
|13.
|Minister of Higher Education, including College Education, & Intermediate Education
| '''[[Gali Muddu Krishnama Naidu]]'''
|[[Puttur (Andhra Pradesh Assembly constituency)|Puttur]]
|17 December 1994
|1 September 1995
|{{party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-style="text-align: center;"
|14.
|Minister of Medium Irrigation, Minor Irrigation, Drainage, Irrigation Development Corporation, Ground Water Development
| '''Makineni Peda Rathaiah'''
|[[Prathipadu (SC) (Assembly constituency)|Prathipadu]]
|17 December 1994
|1 September 1995
|{{party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-style="text-align: center;"
|15.
|Minister of Social Welfare, Women Welfare & Family welfare
| '''[[K. Pratibha Bharati]]'''
|[[Srikakulam (Assembly constituency)|Srikakulam]]
|17 December 1994
|1 September 1995
|{{party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-style="text-align: center;"
|16.
|Minister of Tourism, Culture, Archives, Archaeology, Museums & Handicrafts
| '''[[Motkupalli Narasimhulu]]'''
|[[Thungathurthi (Assembly constituency)|Thungathurthi]]
|17 December 1994
|1 September 1995
|{{party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-style="text-align: center;"
|17.
|Minister of Technical Education, Employment, Training
| '''[[Devineni Nehru]]'''
|[[Kankipadu Assembly constituency|Kankipadu]]
|17 December 1994
|1 September 1995
|{{party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-style="text-align: center;"
|18.
|Minister of Primary Education, Employment, Training
| '''Chikkala Ramachandra Rao'''
|Tallarevu
|17 December 1994
|1 September 1995
|{{party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-style="text-align: center;"
|19.
|Minister of Panchayat Raj, Rural Development, Rural Water Supply, Employment Generation
| '''K. Ramachandra Rao'''
|[[Medak (Assembly constituency)|Medak]]
|17 December 1994
|1 September 1995
|{{party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-style="text-align: center;"
|20.
|Minister Of Labour.
| '''[[Paritala Ravi]]'''
|[[Penukonda (Assembly constituency)|Penukonda]]
|17 December 1994
|1 September 1995
|{{party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-style="text-align: center;"
|21.
|Minister Of Endowments.
| '''[[Simhadri Satyanarayana Rao]]'''
|[[Avanigadda (Assembly constituency)|Avanigadda]]
|17 December 1994
|1 September 1995
|{{party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-style="text-align: center;"
|22.
|Minister Of Information & Public Relations.
| [[Dadi Veerabhadra Rao]]
|[[Anakapalle (Assembly constituency)|Anakapalle]]
|17 December 1994
|1 September 1995
|{{party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-style="text-align: center;"
|23.
|Minister Of Agriculture, Horticulture Sericulture.
| '''[[Kotagiri Vidyadhara Rao]]'''
|[[Chintalapudi (SC) (Assembly constituency)|Chintalapudi]]
|17 December 1994
|1 September 1995
|{{party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-style="text-align: center;"
|
| colspan="7" |'''Ministers of State'''
|-style="text-align: center;"
|24.
|Minister of State for Small Scale Industries, Khadi & Village Industries, Leather Industries Development Lidcap
| '''P. Brahmaiah'''
|[[Rajampet (Assembly constituency)|Rajampet]]
|12 December 1994
|1 September 1995
|{{party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-style="text-align: center;"
|25.
|Minister of State for ST Welfare, Welfare of Physically Handicapped Persons
| '''[[G. Nagesh]]'''
|[[Boath (Assembly constituency)|Boath]]
|12 December 1994
|1 September 1995
|{{party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-style="text-align: center;"
|26.
|Minister of State for Sports, Youth Services, Youth Welfare, NCC, Self Employment
| '''[[Dasyam Pranay Bhasker]]'''
|[[Hanamkonda (Assembly constituency)|Hanamkonda]]
|17 December 1994
|1 September 1995
|{{party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-style="text-align: center;"
|27.
|Minister of State for Sugar, Commerce & Export Promotion
| '''Nallapareddy Prasannakumar Reddy'''
|[[Kovur (Assembly constituency)|Kovur]]
|17 December 1994
|1 September 1995
|{{party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-style="text-align: center;"
|28.
|Minister of Animal Husbandary, Dairy Development & Fisheries
| '''Paleti Rama Rao'''
|[[Chirala (Assembly constituency)|Chirala]]
|17 December 1994
|1 September 1995
|{{party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-style="text-align: center;"
|29.
|Minister of State for Forests & Environment
| '''Ramasubbareddy Ponnapureddy'''
|[[Jammalamadugu (Assembly constituency)|Jammalamadugu]]
|17 December 1994
|1 September 1995
|{{party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-style="text-align: center;"
|30.
|Minister of State for Services (Except All-India Services) Courts, Justice, Stationery & Printing
| '''[[Thammineni Seetharam]]'''
|[[Amadalavalasa (Assembly constituency)|Amadalavalasa]]
|17 December 1994
|1 September 1995
|{{party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-style="text-align: center;"
|31.
|Minister of State for Marketing & Warehousing
| '''[[Kadiyam Srihari]]'''
|[[Ghanpur (Station) (Assembly constituency)|Ghanpur (Station)]]
|17 December 1994
|1 September 1995
|{{party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-style="text-align: center;"
|32.
|Minister of State for Housing
| '''[[Kothapalli Subbarayudu]]'''
|[[Narsapuram (Assembly constituency)|Narsapuram]]
|17 December 1994
|1 September 1995
|{{party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
|}

==First N. T. Rama Rao ministry (1983 to 1984)==

{|class = "wikitable"
|-
! SI No.
! Name
! Constituency
! Department
! colspan="2" scope="col" | Party
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"
|-
|1.
| '''[[N. T. Rama Rao]]''', [[Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh|Chief Minister]]
|[[Tirupati]]
| General Administration, Services, Law and Order, ScheduIed Castes and Scheduled Tribes Cell, 20 points programme, State Committee on National Integratioa, Elections, Accommodation, Minorities Commission. Home, Police, Prisons, Passports, Arms Act, Information & Public Relations, Cinematograph act & Rules, Development of Film Industry, Film Development Corporation, Major Industries including establishment of Industries Departments, Paper, Cement, Sugar cane Development Sugar including Khandasari and Jagger mines and Geology including development of Limestone, Granite etc., Coal, Small scale Industry, Handloom and Textiles, Sericulture, Science, Technology, Environmental Control, Printing and Stationery, Commerce and Export Promotion, Nizam Sugar Factory, A. P, Industrial Development Corporation A. P. Industrial Infrastructure Corporation, A, P. mining Corporation Leather Industries Development Corporation of Andhra Pradesh Singareni Collieries Company Limited Khadi and Village Industries, State Trading Corporation, Oil and Gas based industries including Fertilisers planning. Bureau of economics and Statistics, Godavari Valley Development Authority.
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|
|-
|2.
| '''[[Nadendla Bhaskara Rao]]'''
|[[Vemuru]]
| Finance, Small savings, State Lotteries, Minister, Finance. Commercial Taxes, Energy.
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|
|-
|3.
| '''[[Srinivasulu Reddy Nallapareddy]]'''
|[[Kovur (Assembly constituency)|Kovur]]
|Works, Roads & Buildings, Irrigation, Highways, Roads & Buildings, PWD Workshops under control of Chief Engineers, Roads & Buildings concurrent subjects relating to Railway and Posts and Telegraphs, civil Aviation and ports, Irrigation, Flood control and Drainage, ground Water investigation and Development, A.P. State Construction Corporation Andhra Pradesh, Irrigation Development Corporation, Engineering Research Laboratories.
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|
|-
|4.
| '''Sirigireddi Ramamuni Reddy'''
|[[Kadapa]]
| Health & Medical, Health and Medical Education, Prevention of Adulteration of Food and Drugs, Indian medicine, Population control and Family Welfare
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|
|-
|5.
| '''[[Mohammed Shakir (Indian politician)|Mohammed Shakir]]'''
|[[Kadiri]]
|Tourism and Wakfs, Tourism Development Corporation, Flying and Gliding Clubs, Wakfs and Urdu Academy.
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|
|-
|6.
| '''[[Kunduru Jana Reddy]]'''
|Chalakurthi
| Agriculture including Food production Horticulture, Farmers welfare, Co-operation Forests including Zoological and Botanical parks, Coffee plantations, Animal Husbandry including Development of poultry and Sheep and Pig Rearing Fisheries, common area Development A.P.state Agro Industries Corporation Dairy Development Federation, Meat poultry Development corporation, Milk Supply Schemes, Forest Development Corporation, Fisheries Development Corporation, marketing, weights & Measures warehousing Corporation.
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|
|-
|7.
| '''[[T. Jeevan Reddy]]'''
|[[Jagtial]]
|Excise, Excise including Government Distilleries and Molasses Control.
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|
|-
|8.
| '''[[K. Pratibha Bharati]]'''
|[[Srikakulam]]
| Minister of Social Welfare, Women Welfare & Family welfare
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|
|-
|9.
| '''[[Yanamala Rama Krishnudu]]'''
|[[Tuni]]
| Law and Courts, Legislature Affair including Legislators Hostels and Legislator's Housing, Municipal Administration including Municipal, Corporations, Urban Development Authorities Town Planning Trust, Slum Clearance, Urban Water Supply and Drainage including Hyderabad, City Water Works, Housing other than Weaker Sections, Housing A.P. Housing Board
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|
|-
|10.
| '''M. Ramachardra Rao'''
|[[Khairatabad]]
| Labour including Industrial Relations Welfare of Labour including Employees, State Insurance and Welfare of Agriculture Labour, Employment Services, Special Employment Scheme A.P.Rajya Sainik Board.
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|
|-
|11.
| '''Pusapati Ananda Gajapathi Raju'''
|[[Bheemunipatnam]]
| Education, Primary, Secondary & collegiate including A. P. Open University Technical Education including Industrial Training and Apprenticeship, Literary and Scientific Associations, cultural affairs, visiting cultural delegations, Academies and Auditorium Ravindra Bharathi, Residential Schools Development of Modern Official Languages, History of Freedom movement, public Libraries, sports, sports council youth services Archives, Archaeology and Museums, state council for Educational Research and Training.
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|
|-
|12.
| '''Karanam Ramachandra Rao'''
|[[Medak]]
| Panchayat Raj, Rural Development, National Employment programme, Rural water supply including protected water supply schemes for Villages, rural Development and integrated Development programmes.
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|
|-
|13.
| '''Eli Anjaneyulu'''
|[[Tadepalligudem]]
| Endowments, Land Revenue, Land Reforms, Urban Land Ceilings, Registration & Stamps, Atiyat and jagir Administration, Debt Settlement Board, Survey & Settlement, Estate Abolition, Welfare of Freedom Fighters, Administration of Chief Ministers Relief Fund, Rural Indebtedness and Rural Agricultural Indebtedness, Relief of Distress due to natural calamities, Societies Registration Act, Indian partnership Act, Food and Civil Supplies, Public Distribution System including distribution of subsidised Foodgralns.
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|
|-
|14.
| '''Sangam Reddy Satyanarayana'''
|[[Hanamkonda]]
| Transport Minister
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|
|-
|15.
| '''P. Mahendranath'''
|[[Atchampeta, Prakasam district|Achampeta]]
| Revenue, Land Reforms and Civil Supplies.
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:N. T. Rama Rao third ministry}}
[[Category:Telugu Desam Party]]
[[Category:1994 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh ministries|Rama Rao IV]]
[[Category:1995 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Indian ministries established in 1994|Rama Rao IV]]
[[Category:Indian ministries disestablished in 1995|Rama Rao IV]]

Aditi Sagar

2026-01-11T16:59:52Z

Sovrenn: adding a info.

{{short description|Indian singer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Adithi Sagar
| birth_date = 15th July 2003
| birth_place = Bengaluru, Karnataka
| occupation = Singer/Actress
| death_date =
| death_place =
| parents = [[Arun Sagar]] (father), [[Meera Arun]] (mother)
| spouse =
| children =
| years_active = 2019{{ndash}}present
}}
'''Adithi Sagar''' is an Indian singer who works in the Kannada film industry. Her songs "Dum Maro Dum" from ''[[Raambo 2]]'' (2018), "The Bengaluru Song" from ''[[French Biriyani]]'' (2020), and "The Monster Song" from ''[[K.G.F: Chapter 2]]'' (2022) garnered popularity upon release.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2018/apr/02/mehaboobs-soulful-track-bit-hogbeda-for-rambo-2-trending-5326.html|title=Bit Hogbeda - Mehaboob's soulful track for Rambo 2 is trending|website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=2 April 2018 }}</ref><ref name="B">{{Cite web |last=Joy |first=Prathibha |date=20 July 2020 |title=I experimented out of my comfort zone for French Biriyani: Vasuki Vaibhav |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/music/i-experimented-out-of-my-comfort-zone-for-french-biriyani-vasuki-vaibhav/articleshow/77054023.cms |website=The Times of India}}</ref>

== Career ==
Adithi Sagar made her singing debut at the age of 14 with ''Dum Maro Dum'' in ''[[Raambo 2]]'' (2018) . She received the opportunity after a producer of the film, Tarun Sudhir, heard her rendition of [[Aacharavillada Naalige]] on her YouTube channel and recognized her talent. She was studying in the [[Ninth grade|ninth standard]] when she landed the role.<ref name="A">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2017/dec/24/arun-sagars-daughter-aditi-debuts-as-a-singer-1736154.html|title=Arun Sagar's daughter Aditi debuts as a singer|website=The New Indian Express |date=25 December 2017 }}</ref> She went on to sing the song "Samshaya" in the film ''[[Kavaludaari]]'' (2019). In a review of the film, a critic noted that "young Aditi Sagar's Samshaya echoes long after the closing credits roll".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/dh-talkies/kavaludaari-review-rishi-s-film-all-the-way-728337.html|title='Kavaludaari' review: Rishi's film all the way|date=12 April 2019|website=Deccan Herald}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/working-on-kavaludaari-helped-me-evolve-as-a-musician/articleshow/68523672.cms|title='Working on Kavaludaari helped me evolve as a musician' - Times of India|website=The Times of India |date=23 March 2019 }}</ref> She rapped in "The Bengaluru Song" from ''[[French Biriyani]]'' (2020). [[Vasuki Vaibhav]], the composer for the film, had trouble finding a female rapper before he zeroed in on Sagar.<ref name="B" />

Her debut as an actress was through [[Shiva Rajkumar]]'s 125th [[Vedha (2022 film)|Vedha]], directed by [[A. Harsha]]. She plays the role of Kanaka, daughter of Vedha in the [[action drama]] film.

== Personal life ==
She is the younger daughter of actor, art director [[Arun Sagar]].<ref name="A"/>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Film
! Role(s)
! Notes
|-
| 2020 || ''[[French Biriyani]]'' || || Special appearance in [[The Bengaluru Song]]
|-
| 2022 || ''[[K.G.F: Chapter 2]]''|| || Special Appearance in [[The Monster Song]]
|-
| 2022 || ''[[Vedha (2022 film)|Vedha]]'' || Kanaka ||
|-
|}

== Discography ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Film
! Song
! Composer
! Co-singers
! Lyricist
! Notes
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Raambo 2]]'' || "Dum Maro Dum" || [[Arjun Janya]] || || Muthu ||
|-
| rowspan="4"|2019 || ''[[Kavaludaari]]'' || "Samshaya" || [[Charan Raj (composer)|Charan Raj]] || || Dhananjay Ranjan ||
|-
| ''[[Arishadvarga]]'' || "Anvartha" || Udit Haritas || || Pawan Kumar R ||
|-
| ''[[Babru]]'' || "Kaalada Kadalali" || [[Poornachandra Tejaswi]] || || Dr. K.S Narasimhaswamy ||
|-
| ''[[Katha Sangama (2019 film)|Katha Sangama]]'' || "Manasina Olage" || Agnata || || Mayasandra Krishna Prasad ||
|-
| 2020 || ''[[French Biriyani]]'' || "The Bengaluru Song" || [[Vasuki Vaibhav]] || || Vasuki Vaibhav, Avinash Balekkala || Special appearance in music video|| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/french-biriyani-is-a-shivajinagar-caper-865290.html|title=French Biriyani is a Shivajinagar caper|date=24 July 2020|website=Deccan Herald}}</ref>
|-
|2021 ||''[[Puksatte Lifu |Puksatte Lifu Pursotte Illa]]'' ||"Swami Sharanam Ayyappa" ||Vasu Dixit ||Vasu Dixit || [[K. Kalyan]] ||
|-
|rowspan="2"|2022 || ''[[James (2022 film)|James]]''
| "Trademark" || [[Charan Raj (composer)|Charan Raj]] ||[[Chethan Kumar (director)|Chethan Kumar]], MC Vickey, Chandan Shetty, Sharmila, [[Yuva Rajkumar]] || Chethan Kumar
|<ref>{{Cite news |title='James': Rachita Ram, Sreeleela, and others shine in the Trademark single from the Puneeth Rajkumar starrer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/music/james-rachita-ram-sreeleela-and-others-shine-in-the-trademark-single-from-the-puneeth-rajkumar-starrer/articleshow/89915962.cms |access-date=2024-06-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[K.G.F: Chapter 2]]''|| "The Monster Song" || [[Ravi Basrur]] || || Herself || Special appearance in music video<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2022/apr/25/good-news-for-kgf-2-fans-as-makers-release-the-monster-song-2446352.html|title=Good news for 'KGF 2' fans as makers release 'The Monster Song'|date=25 April 2022|website=New Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Not Out (film)|Not Out]]'' || "Dukha Dugudagala" || [[Judah Sandhy]] || || Ambarisha M ||
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
! Film
!Award
!Category
!Work
!Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Ref.
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Raambo 2]]'' || [[66th Filmfare Awards South]] || [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Kannada|Best Female Playback Singer]] || "Dum Maro Dum" || {{nom}} ||style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/66th-filmfare-awards-south-2019-heres-the-complete-list-of-nominees/articleshow/72901355.cms|title=66th Filmfare Awards South 2019: Here's the complete list of nominees - Times of India|website=The Times of India |date=20 December 2019 }}</ref>
|-
| 2020 ||''[[Kavaludaari]]'' || "Chandanavana Film Critics Academy Awards" || Best Singer (Female) || "Samshaya" || {{won}} || style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| 2020 ||''[[Kavaludaari]]'' || [[Mirchi Music Awards South]] || Female Vocalist of The Year - Kannada || "Samshaya" || {{won}} || style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/music/bell-bottom-wins-big-at-mirch-music-awards/articleshow/74412758.cms|title=Bell Bottom wins big at Mirchi Music awards - Times of India|website=The Times of India |date=29 February 2020 }}</ref>
|-
|2021 || rowspan="2" |''[[French Biriyani]]'' || 2nd Chandanavana Film Critics Academy Awards || Best Female Singer ||"The Bengaluru Song" || {{nom}} ||style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/chandanavana-film-critics-academy-awards-love-mocktail-dia-gentleman-dominate-nomination-list-833168|title= Chandanavana Film Critics Academy Awards: Love Mocktail, Dia, Gentleman Dominate Nomination List|date=13 February 2021|work=ibtimes|access-date=12 June 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/chandanavana-film-critics-academy-2020-dia-popcorn-monkey-tiger-gentleman-walk-away-maximum-833452|title=Winners: Chandanavana Film Critics Academy 2020: Dia, Popcorn Monkey Tiger, Gentleman Walk Away with Maximum Honours|newspaper=ibtimes|date=23 February 2021}}</ref>
|-
|2021 || [[South Indian International Movie Awards]] || Best Female Singer ||"The Bengaluru Song" || {{won}} ||style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|2023 || ''K.G.F chapter 2'' || [[Chitrasanthe Film Awards]] || Best Cover Song || "The Monster Song" || {{won}} ||style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|2023 || ''Vedha'' || [[South Indian International Movie Awards]] || Best Actress in a Supporting Role || "Vedha" ||{{nom}} ||style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name|11117805}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sagar, Aditi}}
[[Category:Indian women playback singers]]
[[Category:Kannada-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2003 births]]

K. P. A. C. Sulochana

2026-01-08T00:08:14Z

Sovrenn: adding the entry added tags

{{Short description|Indian theatre actress and playback singer(1938–2005)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = K. P. A. C. Sulochana
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1938|04|10|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Kayamkulam]]/[[Mavelikara]], [[Alappuzha]], [[Kerala]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2005|04|17|1938|04|10|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Kayamkulam]], India
| occupation = Actress, playback singer
| spouse =
| children =
| awards = [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]] [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Fellowship]]
| birth_name = Sulochana
| yearsactive =
}}

'''K. P. A. C. Sulochana''' (10 April 1938 – 17 April 2005) was a popular Indian [[Malayalam]] playback singer, theatre and film actress from [[Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=അശ്വമേധത്തിലെ സരോജം കെ.പി.എ.സി സുലോചന തന്നെയെന്ന് വിശ്വസിച്ചവർ |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/amp/books/excerpts/jeevithanadakam-kpac-sulochana-1.7439976 |access-date=2023-04-20 |website=Mathrubhumi|date=17 April 2022 }}</ref> She was the famous singer in [[Kayamkulam]] KPAC. She has won several awards including the [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]] and [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Fellowship]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=വിപ്ലവ ഗായികയ്ക്കപ്പുറം കെ. പി എ സി സുലോചന {{!}} detailed study of SInger KPAC Sulochana's music career by Parvathi |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/amp/magazine/column/detailed-study-of-singer-kpac-sulochana-s-music-career-by-parvathi-qxbm9w |access-date=2023-04-20 |website=www.asianetnews.com}}</ref> She has also wrote a book called ''Arangile Anubhavangal''.

==Biography==
KPAC Sulochana was famous singer in [[Kayamkulam]]. She was born on 10 April 1938 as the daughter of Kunju Kunj and Kalyaniamma in [[Mavelikkara]]. She entered the professional drama through ''Balalokam'' programme in [[Thiruvananthapuram]] [[All India Radio|Akashvani]]. Sulochana started her career at [[Kerala People's Arts Club]] (K. P. A. C.) in 1951 with the play ''Ente Makan Aanu Sheri'' (My son is right). She acted and sang in 10 plays ranging from ''[[Ningalenne Communistakki]]'' to ''Manvantaram''. Sulochana left K. P. A. C. after the [[1964 split in the Communist Party of India|split of the Communist Party]] in 1964. Later, she sang in the plays of various committees and acted in leading roles in them. She formed a theatre committee under the name ''Samskara'' and presented about 10 plays.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-16 |title=ഏപ്രിൽ 17: നാടകഗാനത്തിലെ സ്ത്രീശബ്ദം, കെ.പി.എ.സി. സുലോചന ഓർമ്മ ദിനം {{!}} |url=https://newsgil.in/2023/04/17/female-voice-in-drama-song-kpac-sulochana-remembrance-day/ |access-date=2023-04-20 |language=en-US}}</ref>

Sulochana entered the Malayalam film industry by singing the duet song "Ee Malar Poikail" with K. S. George in the movie ''Kaalam Maarunnu''. She also played the role of the heroine in the same film opposite [[Sathyan (Malayalam actor)|Sathyan]]. Later she sang two more songs when the famous novel ''[[Randidangazhi|Randitangazi]]'' was made into a film. Her other films include ''[[Arappavan]]'' and ''[[Krishna Kuchela|Krishnakuchela]]''. Sulochana died on 17 April 2005 at the age of 67.<ref>{{Cite web |title=കേരളം പാടിച്ചുവപ്പിച്ച സുലോചന |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/music/gramaphone/kpac-sulochana.html |access-date=2023-04-20 |website=ManoramaOnline}}</ref> She was survived by her husband Kamaleshan.<ref>{{cite news |title=KPAC Sulochana is dead |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/kpac-sulochana-is-dead/articleshow/1080327.cms |access-date=20 April 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=17 April 2005}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sulochana, K. P. A. C}}
[[Category:1938 births]]
[[Category:2005 deaths]]
[[Category:Singers from Kerala]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Film musicians from Kerala]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam theatre]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Fellowship]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]]

Kamtapur Autonomous Council

2025-12-17T10:26:49Z

Sovrenn: Added basic data initial version

{{Short description|Autonomous Administrative Region in Assam, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox legislature
| name = Kamatapur Autonomous Council
| house_type = [[Autonomous administrative divisions of India|Autonomous Council]]
| body = Kamatapur
| coa_pic = Kamatapur Autonomous Council logo.png
| houses =
| members =
| voting_system1 =
| voting_system2 =
| leader1_type = Chairman
| leader1 = Hiteswar Barman
| party1 =
| election1 =
| leader2_type = Chief Executive Councilor
| leader2 = Jibesh Roy
| election2 =
| leader3_type = Deputy Chief Executive Councilor
| leader3 =
| election3 =
| meeting_place = [[Abhayapuri]], [[North Salmara]], [[Bongaigaon district]], [[Assam]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/temporary-secretariat-of-kamatapur-autonomous-council-inaugurated-in-bongaigaon-600138 | title=Temporary secretariat of Kamatapur Autonomous Council inaugurated in Bongaigaon - Sentinelassam | date=July 2022 | access-date=2022-08-05 | archive-date=2024-07-31 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731120500/https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/temporary-secretariat-of-kamatapur-autonomous-council-inaugurated-in-bongaigaon-600138 | url-status=live }}</ref>
| website = Not available
}}

The '''Kamtapur Autonomous Council''' is an [[Autonomous administrative divisions of India|autonomous council]] in the [[Kamtapur]] region of the [[India]]n state of [[Assam]], for development and protection of ethnic [[Koch Rajbongshi people]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://legislative.assam.gov.in/sites/default/files/swf_utility_folder/departments/legislative_medhassu_in_oid_3/menu/document/the_kamatapur_autonomous_council_act_2020.pdf |title=The Kamatapur Autonomous Council Act 2020 |author= |date=19 Oct 2020 |publisher=Legislative Department |access-date=18 July 2022 |quote=An Act to provide for the establishment of an Administrative Authority in the name and style of the Kamatapur Autonomous Council and for matters incidental therein and connected therewith |archive-date=31 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731120459/https://legislative.assam.gov.in/sites/default/files/swf_utility_folder/departments/legislative_medhassu_in_oid_3/menu/document/the_kamatapur_autonomous_council_act_2020.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> It was formed in 2020.<ref name="wire">{{Cite news|url=https://thewire.in/government/assam-assembly-passes-bills-to-create-three-separate-autonomous-councils|title=Assam Assembly Passes Bills To Create Three Separate Autonomous Councils|newspaper=The wire|date=4 September 2020|access-date=8 April 2020|archive-date=31 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731120501/https://thewire.in/government/assam-assembly-passes-bills-to-create-three-separate-autonomous-councils|url-status=live}}</ref> It includes the whole of the [[Undivided Goalpara district]], excluding [[Bodoland Territorial Council]] and [[Rabha Hasong Autonomous Council]] areas.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/amp/north-east-india-news/assam-news/akrsu-opposes-creation-of-kamatapur-autonomous-council-in-tangla/|title=AKRSU opposes creation of Kamatapur Autonomous Council in Tangla|newspaper=Sentinelassam|access-date=8 April 2021|archive-date=31 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731120459/https://www.sentinelassam.com/amp/north-east-india-news/assam-news/akrsu-opposes-creation-of-kamatapur-autonomous-council-in-tangla|url-status=live}}</ref>

==History==
The Kamatapur Autonomous Council Bill 2020 was tabled in [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] on 24 March 2020 by the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] led [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]] government and it was passed in September 2020. The bill received objections from [[Indian National Congress]] and [[All India United Democratic Front|AIUDF]].<ref name="wire"/> Gokul Barman stepped down as Chief Executive Councilor of the Kamatapur Autonomous Council on 10 July 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=10 July 2024 |title=Gakul Barman Steps Down as Kamatapur Autonomous Council CEM |url=https://www.pratidintime.com/latest-assam-news-breaking-news-assam/gakul-barman-steps-down-as-kamatapur-autonomous-council-cem |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731124906/https://www.pratidintime.com/latest-assam-news-breaking-news-assam/gakul-barman-steps-down-as-kamatapur-autonomous-council-cem |archive-date=31 July 2024 |access-date=31 July 2024 |website=Pratidin Time |language=en}}</ref> He was succeeded by Jibesh Roy, who currently holds the position.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Kishore |date=27 July 2024 |title=Assam: Jibesh Roy takes over as Chief Executive Councilor of Kamatapur Council |url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/assam/story/assam-jibesh-roy-takes-over-as-chief-executive-councilor-of-kamatapur-council-1057310-2024-07-27 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731124949/https://www.indiatodayne.in/assam/story/assam-jibesh-roy-takes-over-as-chief-executive-councilor-of-kamatapur-council-1057310-2024-07-27 |archive-date=31 July 2024 |access-date=31 July 2024 |website=India Today NE |language=en}}</ref>

==Administration==
The Kamatapur Autonomous Council consists of 30 members. 26 of these members are elected directly and 4 members are nominated by the Governor.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/guwahati-city/formation-of-3-autonomous-councils-dispur-in-dilemma-507773|title=Formation of 3 autonomous councils: Dispur in dilemma|newspaper=Sentinelassam|date=20 October 2020|access-date=8 April 2020|archive-date=31 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731120500/https://www.sentinelassam.com/guwahati-city/formation-of-3-autonomous-councils-dispur-in-dilemma-507773|url-status=live}}</ref>

In January 2021, the Assam State Government said it will constitute interim councils for Kamatapur Autonomous Council as elections to the autonomous council can't be done before the [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 January 2021 |title=Assam Government To Form Four Interim Councils Soon |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/topheadlines/assam-government-to-form-four-interim-councils-soon |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109044525/https://www.sentinelassam.com/topheadlines/assam-government-to-form-four-interim-councils-soon-520152 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |access-date=8 April 2020 |work=Sentinel Assam}}</ref> A 30 member interim council was appointed in February 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newsmove.in/assam-constitutes-interim-council-of-the-kamatapur-autonomous-council/|title = Assam constitutes Interim Council of the Kamatapur Autonomous Council|date = 26 February 2021}}{{Dead link|date=July 2024}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Kamtapur]]
* [[Autonomous administrative divisions of India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Autonomous administrative divisions of India}}

[[Category:Autonomous district councils of India]]
[[Category:Local government in Assam]]
[[Category:Kamtapur]]

2nd Telangana Assembly

2025-08-30T14:43:20Z

Sovrenn:

{{Short description|Legislature of Telangana since 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox legislature
| native_name =
| legislature = 2nd Telangana Legislative Assembly
| coa_pic =
| coa_res =
| house_type = Lower house
| body = Telangana Legislature
| term_limits = 5 years
| election2 = [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|25 February 2019]]
| name = 2nd Telangana Legislative Assembly
| leader1_type = [[List of Speakers of Telangana Legislative Assembly|Speaker]]
| leader1 = [[Pocharam Srinivas Reddy]]
| party1 = [[Telangana Rashtra Samiti|TRS]]
| election1 = [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|17 January 2019]]
| leader2_type = Deputy Speaker
| leader2 = [[T. Padma Rao Goud]]
| party2 = [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]]
| preceded_by = [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1st Telangana Assembly]]
| succeeded_by = [[3rd Telangana Assembly]]
| foundation = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|12|13}}
| disbanded = {{End date|df=yes|2023|12|06}}
| leader3_type = [[List of Chief Ministers of Telangana|Chief Minister]]
| structure1_res = 250px
|political_groups2 = 
'''[[Government of Telangana|Government]] (99)'''
*{{colorbox|{{party color|Bharat Rashtra Samithi}}}} [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi|BRS]] (99)
'''[[Parliamentary opposition|Opposition]] (19)'''
*{{colorbox|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (7)
*{{colorbox|{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}}} [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|AIMIM]] (7)
*{{colorbox|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (5)
'''Vacant (1)'''
*{{Color box|}} Vacant (1)
| election3 = [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2 June 2014]]
| leader4_type = [[List of Leader of Opposition in Telangana Assembly|Leader of Opposition]]
| leader4 = ''Vacant''
| party4 =
| election4 = 6 June 2019
| members = '''119'''
| structure1 = [[File:2nd Telangana Legislative Assembly Seats v1.svg|250px|2nd Telangana Legislative Assembly Seats]]
| leader3 = [[K. Chandrashekar Rao]]
| party3 = [[Telangana Rashtra Samiti|TRS]]
| voting_system1 = [[First-past-the-post voting|First past the post]]
| first_election1 =
| last_election1 = [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|7 December 2018]]
| next_election1 = [[Next Telangana Legislative Assembly election|December 2023]]
| session_room = [[File:Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly.jpg|frameless]]
| session_res = hhh
| meeting_place = Assembly Building, [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]], [[India]]
| website = [http://www.telanganalegislature.org.in/web/legislative-assembly/home Legislative Assembly - Telangana-Legislature]
}}

The '''Second Legislative Assembly of Telangana''' was constituted after the [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]]s which were concluded earlier on 7 December 2018 and the results were announced on 11 December 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Commission Issues Notification For Telangana Assembly Elections |url=https://www.ndtv.com/telangana-news/election-commission-issues-notification-for-telangana-assembly-elections-1945940 |access-date=2022-04-19 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

== Composition ==
=== Presiding officers ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!S.No
!Position
!Portrait
!Name
! colspan="2" |Party
!Constituency
!Office Taken
|-
!1
|'''Speaker'''
|[[File:Pocharam_Srinivas_Reddy (cropped).jpg|frameless|100x100px]]
|[[Pocharam Srinivas Reddy]]
| style="background:{{party color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}" |
|[[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|Bharat Rashtra Samiti]]
|[[Banswada (Assembly constituency)|Banswada]]
|17 January 2019
|-
!2
|'''Deputy Speaker'''
|[[File:T_Padmarao_Goud.jpg|frameless|150x150px]]
|[[T. Padma Rao Goud]]
| style="background:{{party color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}" |
|[[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|Bharat Rashtra Samiti]]
|[[Secunderabad (Assembly constituency)|Secunderabad]]
|25 February 2019
|-
!3
|'''Leader of the House'''
|[[File:Kalvakuntla_Chandrashekar_Rao.png|frameless|122x122px]]
|[[K. Chandrashekar Rao]]
| style="background:{{party color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}" |
|[[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|Bharat Rashtra Samiti]]
|[[Gajwel (Assembly constituency)|Gajwel]]
|2 June 2014
|-
! rowspan="2" |4
| rowspan="2" |'''Leader of Opposition'''
|[[File:Portrait of Telangana Deputy CM Bhatti Vikramarka Mallu (4 July 2024).png|frameless|100x100px]]
|[[Mallu Bhatti Vikramarka|Bhatti Vikramarka Mallu]]
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|[[Madhira (Assembly constituency)|Madhira]]
|18 January 2019
|-
|
| colspan="4" |'''''Vacant'''''
|6 June 2019
|}

=== Members ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!rowspan=2 colspan="2" | Party
!colspan=2 |Members
|-
!December 2018
!December 2023
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharat Rashtra Samithi}}
|style="text-align: center;" | 88
|style="text-align: center;" | 99
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|style="text-align: center;" | 19
|style="text-align: center;" | 7
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|style="text-align: center;" | 2
|style="text-align: center;" | 0
|-
|{{Full party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|style="text-align: center;" | 7
|style="text-align: center;" | 7
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|style="text-align: center;" | 1
|style="text-align: center;" | 5
|-
!colspan="2" |Total
!colspan=2 |119
|}

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!#
!Name
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!Remarks
|-
! colspan="6" |[[Adilabad district|'''Adilabad District''']]
|-
|1
|[[Sirpur Assembly constituency|Sirpur]]
|[[Koneru Konappa]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|2
|[[Chennur Assembly constituency|Chennur (SC)]]
|[[Balka Suman]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|3
|[[Bellampalli Assembly constituency|Bellampalli (SC)]]
|[[Durgam Chinnaiah]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|4
|[[Mancherial Assembly constituency|Mancherial]]
|[[Diwakar Rao Nadipelli]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |5
| rowspan="2" |[[Asifabad Assembly constituency|Asifabad (ST)]]
| rowspan="2" |Athram Sakku
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| rowspan="2" |Defected from [[Indian National Congress|INC]] to [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2019-06-07 |title=Congress collapses in Telangana, 12 of 18 MLAs say they are joining TRS |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/congress-collapses-in-telangana-12-of-18-mlas-say-they-are-joining-trs-5769035/ |access-date=2022-04-19 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |6
| rowspan="2" |[[Khanapur, Telangana Assembly constituency|Khanapur (ST)]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Ajmeera Rekha]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
| rowspan="2" |Defected from [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]] to [[Indian National Congress|INC]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rekha Nayak quits BRS, to join Congress |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/telangana/2023/oct/07/rekha-nayak-quits-brs-to-join-congress-2621624.html |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|7
|[[Adilabad Assembly constituency|Adilabad]]
|[[Jogu Ramanna]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |8
| rowspan="2" |[[Boath Assembly constituency|Boath (ST)]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Rathod Bapu Rao]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
| rowspan="2" |Defected from [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]] to [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-11-02 |title=Telangana: BRS MLA Rathod Bapu Rao joins BJP |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/telangana-brs-mla-rathod-bapu-rao-joins-bjp/articleshow/104908245.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-11-24 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|9
|[[Nirmal Assembly Constituency|Nirmal]]
|[[Allola Indrakaran Reddy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|10
|[[Mudhole Assembly constituency|Mudhole]]
|Gaddigari Vittal Reddy
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
! colspan="6" |[[Nizamabad district|'''Nizamabad District''']]
|-
|11
|[[Armur Assembly constituency|Armur]]
|[[Asannagari Jeevan Reddy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|12
|[[Bodhan Assembly constituency|Bodhan]]
|[[Shakil Aamir Mohammed]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|13
|[[Jukkal Assembly constituency|Jukkal (SC)]]
|Hanmanth Shinde
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|14
|[[Banswada Assembly constituency|Banswada]]
|[[Pocharam Srinivas Reddy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |15
| rowspan="2" |[[Yellareddy Assembly constituency|Yellareddy]]
| rowspan="2" |Jajala Surender
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| rowspan="2" |Defected from [[Indian National Congress|INC]] to [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]]<ref name=":0" />
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|-
|16
|[[Kamareddy Assembly constituency|Kamareddy]]
|[[Gampa Govardhan]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|17
|[[Nizamabad Urban Assembly constituency|Nizamabad (Urban)]]
|Bigala Ganesh
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|18
|[[Nizamabad Rural Assembly constituency|Nizamabad (Rural)]]
|Baji Reddy Goverdhan
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|19
|[[Balkonda Assembly constituency|Balkonda]]
|[[Vemula Prashanth Reddy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
! colspan="6" |[[Karimnagar district|'''Karimnagar District''']]
|-
|20
|[[Koratla Assembly constituency|Koratla]]
|Kalvakuntla Vidya Sagar Rao
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|21
|[[Jagtial Assembly constituency|Jagtial]]
|M Sanjay Kumar
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|22
|[[Dharmapuri, Telangana Assembly constituency|Dharmapuri (SC)]]
|[[Koppula Eshwar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |23
| rowspan="2" |[[Ramagundam Assembly constituency|Ramagundam]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Korukanti Chandar]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Forward Bloc}}
| rowspan="2" |Defected from [[All India Forward Bloc|AIFB]] to [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2018-12-13 |title=Two MLAs jump to TRS, take party’s total strength in Telangana to 90 |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/two-mlas-defect-trs-take-party-s-total-strength-telangana-90-93258 |access-date=2022-11-15}}</ref>
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|-
|24
|[[Manthani Assembly constituency|Manthani]]
|[[Sridhar Babu]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
|25
|[[Peddapalle Assembly constituency|Peddapalle]]
|[[Dasari Manohar Reddy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|26
|[[Karimnagar Assembly constituency|Karimnagar]]
|[[Gangula Kamalakar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|27
|[[Choppadandi Assembly constituency|Choppadandi (SC)]]
|Ravi Shankar Sunke
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|28
|[[Vemulawada Assembly constituency|Vemulawada]]
|[[Chennamaneni Ramesh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|29
|[[Sircilla Assembly constituency|Sircilla]]
|[[K. T. Rama Rao]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|30
|[[Manakondur Assembly constituency|Manakondur (SC)]]
|[[Rasamayi Balakishan]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |31
| rowspan="2" |[[Huzurabad Assembly constituency|Huzurabad]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Etela Rajender]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Resignation|Resigned]] and won in [[By-election|bypoll]]
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|32
|[[Husnabad Assembly constituency|Husnabad]]
|Vodithela Sathish Kumar
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
! colspan="6" |[[Medak district|'''Medak District''']]
|-
|33
|[[Siddipet Assembly constituency|Siddipet]]
|[[T. Harish Rao]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|34
|[[Medak Assembly constituency|Medak]]
|[[Padma Devender Reddy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|35
|[[Narayankhed Assembly constituency|Narayankhed]]
|[[Mahareddy Bhupal Reddy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|36
|[[Andole Assembly constituency|Andole (SC)]]
|Kranthi Kiran Chanti
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|37
|[[Narsapur Assembly constituency|Narsapur]]
|Chilumula Madan Reddy
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|38
|[[Zahirabad Assembly constituency|Zahirabad (SC)]]
|Koninty Manik Rao
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|39
|[[Sangareddy Assembly constituency|Sangareddy]]
|[[Jagga Reddy|Turupu Jayaprakash Reddy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
|40
|[[Patancheru Assembly constituency|Patancheru]]
|[[Gudem Mahipal Reddy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |41
| rowspan="2" |[[Dubbak Assembly constituency|Dubbak]]
|[[Solipeta Ramalinga Reddy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|Death of the MLA
|-
|[[Raghunandan Rao|M. Raghunandan Rao]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Elected in 2021 [[By-election|bypoll]]
|-
|42
|[[Gajwel Assembly constituency|Gajwel]]
|[[K. Chandrashekar Rao]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
! colspan="6" |[[Ranga Reddy district|'''Ranga Reddy District''']]
|-
|43
|[[Medchal Assembly constituency|Medchal]]
|[[Malla Reddy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |44
| rowspan="2" |[[Malkajgiri Assembly constituency|Malkajgiri]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Mynampally Hanumantha Rao]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
| rowspan="2" |Defected from [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]] to [[Indian National Congress|INC]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-28 |title=Malkajgiri MLA Mynampally Hanumantha Rao, son Rohith, ex-MLA Vemula Veeresham join Congress |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/telangana/malkajgiri-mla-mynampally-hanumantha-rao-son-rohith-ex-mla-vemula-veeresham-join-congress/ |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=The South First |language=en-GB}}</ref>
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|45
|[[Quthbullapur Assembly constituency|Quthbullapur]]
|[[KP Vivekananda]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|46
|[[Kukatpally Assembly constituency|Kukatpally]]
|[[Madhavaram Krishna Rao]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|47
|[[Uppal Assembly constituency|Uppal]]
|Bethi Subhas Reddy
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|48
|[[Ibrahimpatnam Assembly constituency|Ibrahimpatnam]]
|Manchireddy Kishan Reddy
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |49
| rowspan="2" |[[Lal Bahadur Nagar Assembly constituency|L. B. Nagar]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Devireddy Sudheer Reddy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| rowspan="2" |Defected from [[Indian National Congress|INC]] to [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]]<ref name=":0" />
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |50
| rowspan="2" |[[Maheshwaram Assembly constituency|Maheshwaram]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Sabitha Indra Reddy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| rowspan="2" |Defected from [[Indian National Congress|INC]] to [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]]<ref name=":0" />
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|-
|51
|[[Rajendranagar Assembly constituency|Rajendranagar]]
|T Prakash Goud
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|52
|[[Serilingampally Assembly constituency|Serilingampally]]
|Arekapudi Gandhi
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|53
|[[Chevella Assembly constituency|Chevella (SC)]]
|Kale Yadaiah
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|54
|[[Pargi Assembly constituency|Pargi]]
|K Mahesh Reddy
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|55
|[[Vikarabad Assembly constituency|Vicarabad (SC)]]
|Anand Methuku
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |56
| rowspan="2" |[[Tandur Assembly constituency|Tandur]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Pilot Rohith Reddy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| rowspan="2" |Defected from [[Indian National Congress|INC]] to [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]]<ref name=":0" />
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|-
! colspan="6" |[[Hyderabad District, India|'''Hyderabad District''']]
|-
|57
|[[Musheerabad Assembly constituency|Musheerabad]]
|Muta Gopal
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|58
|[[Malakpet Assembly constituency|Malakpet]]
|[[Ahmed bin Abdullah Balala|Ahmed Bin Abdullah Balala]]
|{{Full party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|
|-
|59
|[[Amberpet Assembly constituency|Amberpet]]
|K. Venkatesham
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|60
|[[Khairatabad Assembly constituency|Khairatabad]]
|[[Danam Nagender]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|61
|[[Jubilee Hills Assembly constituency|Jubilee Hills]]
|Maganti Gopinath
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|62
|[[Sanathnagar Assembly constituency|Sanathnagar]]
|[[Talasani Srinivas Yadav]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|63
|[[Nampally Assembly constituency|Nampally]]
|[[Jaffer Hussain]]
|{{Full party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|
|-
|64
|[[Karwan Assembly constituency|Karwan]]
|[[Kausar Mohiuddin]]
|{{Full party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |65
| rowspan="3" |[[Goshamahal Assembly constituency|Goshamahal]]
| rowspan="3" |[[T. Raja Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|rowspan=3|Suspended by BJP in August 2022.<ref name=:2>{{Cite news |date=2022-08-23 |title=BJP suspends Telangana MLA Raja Singh |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/bjp-suspends-telangana-mla-raja-singh/article65801110.ece |access-date=2022-09-07 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Suspension revoked in October 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-22 |title=BJP Goshamahal MLA T. Raja Singh suspension revoked |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/telangana-assembly/bjp-goshamahal-mla-t-raja-singh-suspension-revoked/article67448673.ece |access-date=2023-11-24 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
|{{Party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|66
|[[Charminar Assembly constituency|Charminar]]
|[[Mumtaz Ahmed Khan (Telangana politician)|Mumtaz Ahmed Khan]]
|{{Full party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|
|-
|67
|[[Chandrayangutta Assembly constituency|Chandrayangutta]]
|[[Akbaruddin Owaisi]]
|{{Full party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|
|-
|68
|[[Yakutpura Assembly constituency|Yakutpura]]
|[[Syed Ahmed Pasha Quadri]]
|{{Full party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|
|-
|69
|[[Bahadurpura Assembly constituency|Bahadurpura]]
|[[Mohammad Moazam Khan]]
|{{Full party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|
|-
|70
|[[Secunderabad Assembly constituency|Secunderabad]]
|[[T. Padma Rao Goud]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |71
| rowspan="2" |[[Secunderabad Cantonment Assembly constituency|Secunderabad Cantt (SC)]]
| [[G. Sayanna]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
| rowspan="2" |Death of G Sayanna<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-19 |title=Telangana: 5-time Secunderabad Cantt MLA G Sayanna passes away |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/hyderabad/telangana-five-time-secunderabad-cantt-mla-g-sayanna-passes-away-8454822/ |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|colspan=3|'''Vacant'''
|-
! colspan="6" |[[Mahabubnagar district|'''Mahabubnagar District''']]
|-
|72
|[[Kodangal Assembly constituency|Kodangal]]
|[[Patnam Narender Reddy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|73
|[[Narayanpet Assembly constituency|Narayanpet]]
|S.Rajender Reddy
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|74
|[[Mahbubnagar Assembly constituency|Mahbubnagar]]
|[[V. Srinivas Goud]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|75
|[[Jadcherla Assembly constituency|Jadcherla]]
|[[C. Laxma Reddy|Charlakota Laxma Reddy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|76
|[[Devarkadra Assembly constituency|Devarkadra]]
|Alla Venkateshwar Reddy
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|77
|[[Makthal Assembly constituency|Makthal]]
|Chittem Ram Mohan Reddy
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|78
|[[Wanaparthy Assembly constituency|Wanaparthy]]
|[[Singireddy Niranjan Reddy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|79
|[[Gadwal Assembly constituency|Gadwal]]
|[[Bandla Krishna Mohan Reddy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|80
|[[Alampur Assembly constituency|Alampur (SC)]]
|V M Abraham
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|81
|[[Nagarkurnool Assembly constituency|Nagarkurnool]]
|Marri Janardhan Reddy
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|82
|[[Achampet Assembly constituency|Achampet (SC)]]
|[[Guvvala Balaraju]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|83
|[[Kalwakurthy Assembly constituency|Kalwakurthy]]
|Gurka Jaipal Yadav
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|84
|[[Shadnagar Assembly constituency|Shadnagar]]
|[[Anjaiah Yelganamoni]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |85
| rowspan="2" |[[Kollapur Assembly constituency|Kollapur]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Beeram Harshavardhan Reddy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| rowspan="2" |Defected from [[Indian National Congress|INC]] to [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]]<ref name=":0" />
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|-
! colspan="6" |[[Nalgonda district|'''Nalgonda District''']]
|-
|86
|[[Devarakonda Assembly constituency|Devarakonda]]
|[[Ravindra Kumar Ramavath]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|87
|[[Nagarjuna Sagar Assembly constituency|Nagarjuna Sagar]]
|[[Nomula Narsimhaiah]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|88
|[[Miryalaguda Assembly constituency|Miryalaguda]]
|[[Nallamothu Bhaskar Rao]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|89
|[[Huzurnagar Assembly constituency|Huzurnagar]]
|[[N. Uttam Kumar Reddy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
|90
|[[Kodad Assembly constituency|Kodad]]
|Bollam Mallaiah Yadav
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|91
|[[Suryapet Assembly constituency|Suryapet]]
|[[Guntakandla Jagadish Reddy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|92
|[[Nalgonda Assembly constituency|Nalgonda]]
|Kancharla Bhupal Reddy
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |93
| rowspan="2" |[[Munugode Assembly constituency|Munugode]]
|[[Komatireddy Raj Gopal Reddy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Resigned on 3 August 2022<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-03 |title=Komatireddy Rajagopal Reddy quits MLA post, bids adieu to Congress |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/telangana/2022/aug/03/komatireddy-rajagopal-reddyquits-mla-post-bids-adieu-to-congress-2483473.html |access-date=2022-08-26 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kusukuntla Prabhakar Reddy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|Won in [[2022 elections in India|2022 bypoll]]
|-
|94
|[[Bhongir Assembly constituency|Bhongir]]
|[[Pailla Shekar Reddy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |95
| rowspan="2" |[[Nakrekal Assembly constituency|Nakrekal (SC)]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Chirumarthi Lingaiah]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| rowspan="2" |Defected from [[Indian National Congress|INC]] to [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]]<ref name=":0" />
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|-
|96
|[[Thungathurthi Assembly constituency|Thungathurthi (SC)]]
|[[Gadari Kishore|Gadari Kishore Kumar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|97
|[[Alair Assembly constituency|Alair]]
|[[Gongidi Suntiha Mahender Reddy|Gongidi Sunitha]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
! colspan="6" |[[Warangal district|'''Warangal District''']]
|-
|98
|[[Jangaon Assembly constituency|Jangaon]]
|Muthireddy Yadagiri Reddy
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|99
|[[Ghanpur Station Assembly constituency|Ghanpur(Station) (SC)]]
|[[T. Rajaiah|Thatikonda Rajaiah]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|100
|[[Palakurthi Assembly constituency|Palakurthi]]
|[[Errabelli Dayakar Rao]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|101
|[[Dornakal Assembly constituency|Dornakal]]
|D S Redya Naik
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|102
|[[Mahabubabad Assembly constituency|Mahabubabad(ST)]]
|Banoth Shankar Nayak
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|103
|[[Narsampet Assembly constituency|Narsampet]]
|Peddi Sudarshan Reddy
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|104
|[[Parkal Assembly constituency|Parkal]]
|Challa Dharma Reddy
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|105
|[[Warangal West Assembly constituency|Warangal West]]
|[[Dasyam Vinay Bhasker]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|106
|[[Warangal East Assembly constituency|Warangal East]]
|Narendar Nannapuneni
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
|107
|[[Waradhanapet Assembly constituency|Waradhanapet(SC)]]
|Aroori Ramesh
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |108
| rowspan="2" |[[Bhupalpalle Assembly constituency|Bhupalpalle]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Gandra Venkata Ramana Reddy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
| rowspan="2" |Defected from [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]] to [[Indian National Congress|INC]]<ref name=":0" />
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|109
|[[Mulug Assembly constituency|Mulug(ST)]]
|[[Seethakka|Dansari Anasuya]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
! colspan="6" |[[Khammam district|'''Khammam District''']]
|-
| rowspan="2" |110
| rowspan="2" |[[Pinapaka Assembly constituency|Pinapaka(ST)]]
| rowspan="2" |Kantha Rao Rega
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| rowspan="2" |Defected from [[Indian National Congress|INC]] to [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]]<ref name=":0" />
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |111
| rowspan="2" |[[Yellandu Assembly constituency|Yellandu (ST)]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Haripriya Banoth]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| rowspan="2" |Defected from [[Indian National Congress|INC]] to [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]]<ref name=":0" />
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|-
|112
|[[Khammam Assembly constituency|Khammam]]
|[[Puvvada Ajay Kumar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |113
| rowspan="2" |[[Palair Assembly constituency|Palair]]
| rowspan="2" |Kandala Upender Reddy
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| rowspan="2" |Defected from [[Indian National Congress|INC]] to [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]]<ref name=":0" />
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|-
|114
|[[Madhira Assembly constituency|Madhira (SC)]]
|[[Mallu Bhatti Vikramarka]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |115
| rowspan="2" |[[Wyra Assembly constituency|Wyra (ST)]]
| rowspan="2" |Lavudya Ramulu
|{{Party name with color|Independent politician}}
| rowspan="2" |Joined [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]]<ref name=":1" />
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |116
| rowspan="2" |[[Sathupalli Assembly constituency|Sathupalli (SC)]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Sandra Venkata Veeraiah]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| rowspan="2" |Defected from [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]] to [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]]
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |117
| rowspan="2" |[[Kothagudem Assembly constituency|Kothagudem]]
| rowspan="2" |Vanama Nageswar Rao
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| rowspan="2" |Defected from [[Indian National Congress|INC]] to [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]]<ref name=":0" />
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |118
| rowspan="2" |[[Aswaraopeta Assembly constituency|Aswaraopeta(ST)]]
| rowspan="2" |Mecha Nageswara Rao
|{{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| rowspan="2" |Defected from [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]] to [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]]<ref>{{Cite news |author= |date=2021-04-07 |title=Two-member TDP in Assembly merged with TRS |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/two-member-tdp-in-assembly-merged-with-trs/article34265899.ece |access-date=2022-05-01 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|-
|119
|[[Bhadrachalam Assembly constituency|Bhadrachalam(ST)]]
|Podem Veeraiah
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
|120
|Nominated
| colspan="3" |Stephenson Elvis
|
|}
Source<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Polling Booth in Telangana for Lok Sabha Elections 2019 |url=https://www.elections.in/telangana/assembly-constituencies/2018-election-results.html |access-date=2022-05-01 |website=Elections in India}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly Elections]]
* [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|Telangana Rashtra Samiti]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Telangana elections}}
{{Telangana topics}}
{{Legislatures of India}}

[[Category:Terms of the Telangana Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:2018 establishments in Telangana]]
[[Category:Telangana MLAs 2018–2023| ]]

School of Drama and Fine Arts, Thrissur

2025-07-21T13:22:50Z

Sovrenn: Made redirect

#Redirect [[School of Drama and Fine Arts]]