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List of political parties in India

2022-05-02T17:47:59Z

Snthilakammarist:

{{short description|List of political parties in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2021}}
{{Politics of India}}

[[India]] has a [[multi-party system]]. The [[Election Commission of India]] (ECI) accords recognition to the national level and the state level political parties based upon objective criteria. A recognised political party enjoys privileges like a reserved party symbol,{{Efn|If a party is recognised as a national or state party, its symbol is reserved for its exclusive use in the country or in the state.<ref name="ECI12032014">{{cite web|date=12 March 2014|title=Names of National State, registered-unrecognised parties and the list of free symbols|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/OrdersNotifications/year2014/EnglishNotification_12032014.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150522211954/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/Electoral Laws/OrdersNotifications/year2014/EnglishNotification_12032014.pdf|archive-date=22 May 2015|access-date=8 May 2015|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref><ref name="ECI16092014">{{cite web|date=13 December 2016|title=State Party List|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/OrdersNotifications/year2016/Notification13.12.2016.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214233038/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/OrdersNotifications/year2016/Notification13.12.2016.pdf|archive-date=14 February 2017|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>}} free broadcast time on state-run television and radio, consultation in the setting of election dates, and giving input in setting electoral rules and regulations. Other political parties that wish to contest local, state or national elections are required to be registered by the Election Commission of India. Registered Parties are upgraded as recognised National Party or State Party by the ECI if they meet the relevant criteria after a [[Lok Sabha]] or [[State legislative assemblies of India|State legislative assembly]] election. The Recognised Party status is reviewed periodically by the ECI.

Before the amendment in 2016 (came into force with effect from 1 January 2014), if a political party failed to fulfill the criteria in the subsequent Lok Sabha or state legislative assembly election, they lost their status as a Recognised Party.

In 2016, the ECI announced that such a review would take place after two consecutive elections instead of every election.

Therefore, a political party shall retain the Recognised Party status even if they do not meet the criteria in the next election.

However, if they fail to meet the criteria in the subsequent election following the next election, they would lose their status.

As per latest publication dated 23 September 2021 from Election Commission of India, the total number of parties registered was 2858, with 8 national parties, 54 state parties and 2796 unrecognised parties.<ref name="ECI23092021">{{cite web|date=23 September 2021|title=List of Political Parties & Symbol MAIN Notification|url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/13711-list-of-political-parties-symbol-main-notification-dated23092021/|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref> All registered parties contesting elections need to choose a symbol from a list of available symbols offered by the EC. All 28 states of the country along with the [[union territory|union territories]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[Delhi|National Capital Territory of Delhi]] and [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] have elected governments unless [[President's rule]] is imposed under certain conditions.

==National Parties==
{{quote box|A registered party is recognised as a national party only if it fulfils any one of the three conditions listed below:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive2/erelease.aspx|title=Dynamics of elevation of political parties to State or National Party|publisher=Press Information Bureau|date=8 March 2014|access-date=8 May 2021}}</ref>

# The party wins 2% of seats in the Lok Sabha from at least three different states.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.eci.nic.in/archive/press/current/PN05122k.htm|title=When is a Political Party recognized as a National or State Party?|date=28 January 2017|work=FACTLY|access-date=17 October 2018|language=en-US}}</ref>
# At a general election to Lok Sabha or Legislative Assembly, the party polls 6% of votes in any four or more states and in addition it wins four Lok Sabha seats.
# The party gets recognition as a state party in four states.
| align = center
}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ 8 recognised national parties<ref name="ECI23092021" />
|-
! colspan="2" class="unsortable" | Party
! Abbr.
! Political position
! Ideology
! Founded
!National status accorded
! Leader(s)
! class=unsortable|Election symbol
! Seats in [[Lok Sabha]]
! Seats in [[Rajya Sabha]]
! Seats in [[State legislative assemblies of India|State Assemblies]]
! Seats in [[State legislative councils of India|State Councils]]
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}" |
| [[All India Trinamool Congress]] {{lang-en|All India Grassroots Congress}}
| AITC
| [[Centre-left politics|Centre-left]]
|[[Secularism]] [[Populism]] [[Progressivism]] [[Anti-communism]]
| {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|br=y|1998|01|01}}
|2 September 2016
|[[Mamata Banerjee]] (Chairperson)
| [[File:All India Trinamool Congress symbol.svg|50px|center]]
| {{Composition bar|22|543|{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}}}
| {{Composition bar|13|245|{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}}}
| {{Composition bar|237|4036|{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}}}
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |
| [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] {{lang-en|Majority Community Party}}
| BSP
| [[Centre-left politics|Centre-left]]
|[[Social equality]] [[Social justice]] [[Secularism]] [[Self-Respect Movement|Self-respect]] [[Human Rights]]
| {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|br=y|1984|04|14}}
|
|[[Mayawati]] (President)
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Elephant.png|50px|center]]
| {{Composition bar|10|543|{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|3|245|{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|8|4036|{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|6|426|{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}}
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] {{lang-en|Indian People's Party}}
| BJP
|[[Right-wing politics|Right-wing]]
|[[Hindutva]] [[Integral humanism (India)|Integral humanism]] [[Conservatism in India|Conservatism]] [[Social conservatism]] [[Right-wing populism]]
| {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|br=y|1980|04|06}}
|
| [[J. P. Nadda]] (President)
| [[File:BJP_election_symbol.png|center|60px]]
| {{Composition bar|300|543|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|94|245|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|1434|4036|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|110|426|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India}}" |
| [[Communist Party of India]]
|CPI
|[[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]]
|[[Communism]] [[Marxism–Leninism]]
| {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|br=y|1925|12|26}}
|
|[[D. Raja]] (General Secretary)
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Ears of Corn and Sickle.png|50px|center]]
| {{Composition bar|2|543|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
| {{Composition bar|1|245|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
| {{Composition bar|21|4036|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
| {{Composition bar|2|426|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|CPI(M)
|[[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]]
|[[Communism]] [[Marxism-Leninism]]
| {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|br=y|1964|11|07}}
|
| [[Sitaram Yechury]] (General Secretary)
| [[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Hammer_Sickle_and_Star.png|center|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|3|543|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
| {{Composition bar|6|245|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
| {{Composition bar|88|4036|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|INC
|[[Centre-left politics|centre-left]]
|[[Big tent]] [[Social democracy]] [[Democratic socialism]] [[Civic nationalism|Liberal nationalism]] [[Secularism]] [[Progressivism]]
| {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|br=y|1885|12|28}}
|
| [[Sonia Gandhi]] (President)
| [[File:Hand INC.svg|center|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|53|543|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}}
| {{Composition bar|34|245|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}}
| {{Composition bar|765|4036|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}}
| {{Composition bar|43|426|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}}
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
| [[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|NCP
|[[Centre-left politics|centre-left]]
|[[Liberalism]]
| {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|br=y|1999|06|10}}
|
| [[Sharad Pawar]] (President)
| [[File:Nationalist_Congress_Party_Election_Symbol.png|center|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|5|543|{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|4|245|{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|59|4036|{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|11|426|{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}}}
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|National People's Party (India)}}" |
| [[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]]
|NPP
|[[Centrism|Centre]]
|[[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]],[[Ethnocentrism]]
| {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|br=y|2013|01|06}}
|7 June 2019
| [[Conrad Sangma]] (President)
| [[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Book.svg|center|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|1|543|{{party color|National People's Party (India)}}}}
| {{Composition bar|1|245|{{party color|National People's Party (India)}}}}
| {{Composition bar|30|4036|{{party color|National People's Party (India)}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|National People's Party (India)}}}}
|}

==State Parties==
{{quotebox|A party has to fulfill any of the following conditions for recognition as a state party:

# A party should secure at least 6% of valid votes polled in an election to the state legislative assembly and win at least 2 seats in that state assembly.
# A party should secure at least 6% of valid votes polled in an election to Lok Sabha and win at least 1 seat in Lok Sabha.
# A party should win minimum three percent of the total number of seats or a minimum of three seats in the Legislative Assembly, which ever is higher.
# A party should win at least one seat in the Lok Sabha for every 25 seats or any fraction thereof allotted to that State.
# Under the liberalised criteria, one more clause that it will be eligible for recognition as state party if it secures 8% or more of the total valid votes polled in the state.
| align = center
}}

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+54 recognised state parties<ref name="ECI23092021" />
|-
! class=unsortable colspan=2|Alliance
! class="unsortable" colspan=3| Party
! class=unsortable|Abbr.
! Political position
! Ideology
! Founded
! Leader(s)
! Recognised in
! class=unsortable|Election symbol
! [[Lok Sabha]]
! [[Rajya Sabha]]
! [[State legislative assemblies of India|State Assembly]] seats
! [[State legislative councils of India|State Council]] seats
|-
| style="background-color:darkgray" |
| Other
| bgcolor="{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}" |
| [[File:Aam Aadmi Party logo (English).svg|50px]]
| [[Aam Aadmi Party]] {{lang-en|Common Man's Party}}
| AAP
| [[Centrism|Centre]] to [[Centre-left politics|centre-left]]
| [[Populism]] [[Liberal socialism]] [[Civic nationalism]]
| 2012
| [[Arvind Kejriwal]]
| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] [[Delhi]]
| [[File:AAP Symbol.png|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|1|543|{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|3|245|{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|78|4036|{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}}}
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
| [[File:AIADMK Official Flag.png|50px]]
| [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] {{lang-en|All India Anna Dravidian Progressive Federation}} 
|AIADMK
| [[Centrism|Centre]] to [[Centre-left politics|centre-left]]
| [[Democratic socialism]] [[Populism]] [[Federalism]]
| 1972
| [[O. Panneerselvam]] (Coordinator) and [[Edappadi K. Palaniswami]] (Joint Coordinator)
| [[Tamil Nadu]] [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
| [[File:AIADMK_Two_Leaves.png|50px|Two Leaves]]
| {{Composition bar|1|543|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}}}
| {{Composition bar|5|245|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}}}
| {{Composition bar|66|4036|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}}}
|-
! style="background-color:darkgray" |
|Other
| bgcolor="{{party color|All India Forward Bloc}}" |
|
| [[All India Forward Bloc]]
| AIFB
| [[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]]
| [[Left-wing nationalism]] [[Socialism]] [[Anti-imperialism]] [[Marxism]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://forwardbloc.org/ideology-of-netaji/|title=Party constitution|publisher=All India Forward Bloc|access-date=22 April 2017|location=India|year=2017}}</ref>
| 1939
| [[Debabrata Biswas (politician)|Debabrata Biswas]]
| [[West Bengal]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Lion.png|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|0|543|{{party color|All India Forward Bloc}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|245|{{party color|All India Forward Bloc}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|4036|{{party color|All India Forward Bloc}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|All India Forward Bloc}}}}
|-
! style="background-color:darkgray" |
|Other
| bgcolor="{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}" |
| [[File:All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen logo.svg|50px]]
| [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]] {{lang-en|All India Council for Unity of Muslims}}
| AIMIM
|
| [[Islamism]] [[Social justice]] [[Secularism]] (Lopsided) [[empowerment|Muslim Empowerment]]
| 1927
| [[Asaduddin Owaisi]]
| [[Telangana]]
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Kite.svg|50px|kite]]
| {{Composition bar|2|543|{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|245|{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}}}
| {{Composition bar|14|4036|{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}}}
| {{Composition bar|2|426|{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}}}
|-
! style="background-color:darkgray" |
|Other
| bgcolor="{{party color|All India N.R. Congress}}" |
|
| [[All India N.R. Congress]]
| AINRC
| [[Centrism|Centre]]
| [[Social democracy]] [[Populism]]
| 2011
| [[N. Rangaswamy]]
| [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Jug.svg|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|0|543|{{party color|All India N.R. Congress}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|245|{{party color|All India N.R. Congress}}}}
| {{Composition bar|10|4036|{{party color|All India N.R. Congress}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|All India N.R. Congress}}}}
|-
! style="background-color:darkgray" |
|Other
| bgcolor="{{party color|All India United Democratic Front}}" |
| [[File:Party_Flag.JPG|50px]]
| [[All India United Democratic Front]]
| AIUDF
|
|
| 2005
| [[Badruddin Ajmal]]
| [[Assam]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Lock And Key.svg|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|1|543|{{party color|All India United Democratic Front}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|245|{{party color|All India United Democratic Front}}}}
| {{Composition bar|15|4036|{{party color|All India United Democratic Front}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|All India United Democratic Front}}}}
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|All Jharkhand Students Union}}" |
|
| [[All Jharkhand Students Union]]
| AJSU
|
|
| 1986
| [[Sudesh Mahto]]
| [[Jharkhand]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Banana.svg|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|1|543|{{party color|All Jharkhand Students Union}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|245|{{party color|All Jharkhand Students Union}}}}
| {{Composition bar|2|4036|{{party color|All Jharkhand Students Union}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|All Jharkhand Students Union}}}}
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}" |
|
| [[Asom Gana Parishad]] {{lang-en|Assam People's Council}}
| AGP
| [[Centre-right politics|Centre-right]]
| [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]] [[Anti-Bengali sentiment in India|Anti-Bengali sentiment]]
| 1985
|[[Atul Bora]]
| [[Assam]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Elephant.png|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|0|543|{{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}}}
| {{Composition bar|1|245|{{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}}}
| {{Composition bar|9|4036|{{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}}}
|-
! style="background-color:darkgray" |
|Other
| bgcolor="{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}" |
|
| [[Biju Janata Dal]] {{lang-en|Biju People's Party}}
| BJD
| [[Centrism|Centre]] to [[Centre-left politics|centre-left]]
| [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]<ref name="Encyclopedia Britannica">{{cite web|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Biju-Janata-Dal|title=Biju Janata Dal}}</ref> [[Populism]]<ref name="elections.in">{{cite web|work=elections.in|url=https://www.elections.in/political-parties-in-india/biju-janata-dal.html|title=Biju Janata Dal (BJD)}}</ref> [[Secularism]]<ref name="Encyclopedia Britannica"/><ref name="elections.in"/> [[Liberalism]]<ref name="elections.in"/><ref name="LS2014">{{cite web|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|title=Lok Sabha Elections 2014: Know your party symbols!|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-lok-sabha-elections-2014-know-your-party-symbols-1974606|date=10 April 2014|quotation=Founded in December 1997, the Biju Janata Dal or the BJD is a regional political party of India. Having split from the larger faction Janata Dal, the party stands by democracy and liberalism.}}</ref>
| 1997
| [[Naveen Patnaik]]
| [[Odisha]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Conch.svg|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|12|543|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}}}
| {{Composition bar|9|245|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}}}
| {{Composition bar|113|4036|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}}}
|-
! style="background-color:darkgray" |
|None
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bodoland People's Front}}" |
| [[File:BPF-Flag.svg|50px]]
| [[Bodoland People's Front]]
| BPF
|
| {{Nowrap|[[Secularism]] [[Democratic socialism]]<ref>{{cite web|title=IDEOLOGY & FLAG|url=https://www.bpfonline.in/#ideo|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=9 May 2013|location=India|year=2013}}</ref>}}
| 2005
| [[Hagrama Mohilary]]
| [[Assam]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Nangol.svg|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|0|543|{{party color|Bodoland People's Front}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|245|{{party color|Bodoland People's Front}}}}
| {{Composition bar|3|4036|{{party color|Bodoland People's Front}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|Bodoland People's Front}}}}
|-
! style="background-color:darkgray" |
|Other
| bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation}}" |
|
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation]]
| CPI(ML)L
| [[Far-left politics|Far-left]]
| [[Communism]]<ref name="General Programme of CPIML">{{Cite web|url=http://cpiml.org/documents-2/10th-congress-cpiml/general-programme-of-cpiml/|title=General Programme of CPI(ML)|date=6 April 2013|website=Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) website|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-23}}</ref> [[Marxism–Leninism]] [[Maoism]]<ref name="General Programme of CPIML"/>
| 1974
| [[Dipankar Bhattacharya]]
| [[Bihar]]
| [[File:Flag Logo of CPIML.png|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|0|543|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|245|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation}}}}
| {{Composition bar|13|4036|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation}}}}
|-
! style="background-color:darkgray" |
|Other
| bgcolor="{{party color|Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam}}" |
| [[File:Desiya_Murpokku_Dravida_Kazhagam_flag.PNG|50px]]
| [[Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam]] {{lang-en|National Progressive Dravidian Federation}}
| DMDK
| [[Centrism|Centre to ]][[Centre-left politics|centre-left]]
| [[Social welfare]] [[Populism]] [[Secularism]] [[Social democracy]]
| 2005
| [[Vijayakanth]]
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Nagara.svg|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|0|543|{{party color|Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|245|{{party color|Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|4036|{{party color|Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam}}}}
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
| [[File:Flag_DMK.svg|50px]]
| [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] {{lang-en|Dravidian Progressive Federation}}
| DMK
|[[Far-left politics|Far-left]]
| {{nowrap|[[Social democracy]]<ref name="dmk1"/> [[Dravidian parties|Dravidianism]]{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}} [[Social justice]]<ref name="dmk1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/m-karunanidhi-from-health-care-to-community-living-his-schemes-were-aimed-at-social-equality/article24548812.ece|title=M. Karunanidhi: From health care to community living, his schemes were aimed at social equality|last=Kannan|first=Ramya|date=8 August 2018|work=The Hindu|access-date=10 August 2019|issn=0971-751X}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/karunanidhi-the-social-reformer-who-changed-the-landcape-of-tamil-nadu-politics-1837827.html|title=Social Equality was Karunanidhi's Focus During Five Terms as Tamil Nadu CM|website=News18|date=11 March 2019|access-date=10 August 2019}}</ref> [[Federalism]]}}
| 1949
| [[M. K. Stalin]]
| [[Tamil Nadu]] [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Rising Sun.png|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|24|543|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}}}
| {{Composition bar|10|245|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}}}
| {{Composition bar|131|4036|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}}}
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Goa Forward Party}}" |
| [[File:Goa Forward Party Flag.jpg|50px]]
| [[Goa Forward Party]]
| GFP
|
| [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]
| 2016
| [[Vijai Sardesai]]
| [[Goa]]
| [[File:Indian election symbol Coconut.svg|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|0|543|{{party color|Goa Forward Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|245|{{party color|Goa Forward Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|3|4036|{{party color|Goa Forward Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|Goa Forward Party}}}}
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Hill State People's Democratic Party}}" |
|
| [[Hill State People's Democratic Party]]
| HSPDP
|
|
| 1968
|
| [[Meghalaya]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Lion.png|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|0|543|{{party color|Hill State People's Democratic Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|245|{{party color|Hill State People's Democratic Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|2|4036|{{party color|Hill State People's Democratic Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|Hill State People's Democratic Party}}}}
|-
! style="background-color:black" |
|[[Third Front (India)|TF]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Lok Dal}}" |
| [[File:Indian_National_Lok_Dal_Flag.svg|50px]]
| [[Indian National Lok Dal]] {{lang-en|Indian National People's Party}}
| INLD
| [[Centrism|Centre]]
| [[Social liberalism]] [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]
| 1996
| [[Om Prakash Chautala]]
| [[Haryana]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Spectacles.png|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|0|543|{{party color|Indian National Lok Dal}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|245|{{party color|Indian National Lok Dal}}}}
| {{Composition bar|1|4036|{{party color|Indian National Lok Dal}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|Indian National Lok Dal}}}}
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}" |
| [[File:Flag_of_the_Indian_Union_Muslim_League.svg|50px]]
| [[Indian Union Muslim League]]
| IUML
|
| [[Muslims in India|Muslim interests]] [[Social conservatism]]
| 1948
| [[Sayed Hyderali Shihab Thangal|Hyderali Shihab Thangal]]
| [[Kerala]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Lader.svg|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|3|543|{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}}}
| {{Composition bar|1|245|{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}}}
| {{Composition bar|15|4036|{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}}}
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| bgcolor="008000" |
| [[File:Flag_green_yellow.svg|50px]]
| [[Indigenous People's Front of Tripura]]
| IPFT
|[[Centre-right politics|Centre-right]]
| [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]] [[Indigenism|Ethnic nationalism]] [[Anti-immigration]]
| 2009
| [[Mevar Kumar Jamatia]]
| [[Tripura]]
| [[File:Indian Election symbol Dao.svg|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|0|543|{{party color|Indigenous People's Front of Tripura}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|245|{{party color|Indigenous People's Front of Tripura}}}}
| {{Composition bar|7|4036|{{party color|Indigenous People's Front of Tripura}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|Indigenous People's Front of Tripura}}}}
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}" |
| [[File:JKNC-flag.svg|50px]]
| [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]]
| JKNC
|
| [[Kashmiriyat]] [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Kashmiri]] autonomy [[Secularism]]
| 1932
|[[Farooq Abdullah]]
| [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Plough.png|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|3|543|{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|245|{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|4036|{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}}}
|-
! style="background-color:darkgray" |
|Other
| bgcolor="{{party color|Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party}}" |
|
| [[Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party]]
| JKNPP
|
| [[Democracy]]<ref name="History">{{Cite web|url = http://nationalpanthersparty.com/history|title = History|access-date = 26 September 2015|website = JK Panthers Party}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/sc-upholds-freeze-on-delimitation-in-jk-till-2026/article876533.ece|title=SC upholds freeze on delimitation in J&K till 2026|last=PTI|newspaper=The Hindu|date=9 November 2010}}</ref> [[Anti-corruption]]<ref name="History"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/sc-upholds-freeze-on-delimitation-in-jk-till-2026/article876533.ece|title=SC upholds freeze on delimitation in J&K till 2026|last=PTI|newspaper=The Hindu|date=9 November 2010}}</ref> [[Secularism]]<ref>{{Cite news|url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_FoqW11I4do|title = Headlines Today|date = 28 August 2014|work = Panther party MLAs disrupt house in Jammu and Kashmir assembly|access-date = 26 September 2015|via = youtube.com}}</ref> [[Women's rights]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/political-parties-in-india/jammu-and-kashmir-national-panthers-party.html|title=Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party (JKNPP)|website=elections.in|access-date=12 January 2016}}</ref>
| 1982
| [[Bhim Singh (politician)|Bhim Singh]]
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Cycle.png|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|0|543|{{party color|Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|245|{{party color|Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|4036|{{party color|Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party}}}}
|-
! style="background-color:darkgray" |
|Other
| bgcolor="{{party color|Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party}}" |
|
| [[Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party]]
| JKPDP
|
| [[Kashmiriyat]] [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Kashmiri]] autonomy<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jammu Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party |title=Self Rule |url=https://jkpdp.in/self-rule |access-date=16 October 2020}}</ref> [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]
| 1999
|[[Mehbooba Mufti]]
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Ink Pot and Pen.png|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|0|543|{{party color|Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|245|{{party color|Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|4036|{{party color|Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party}}}}
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Janta Congress Chhattisgarh}}" |
|
| [[Janta Congress Chhattisgarh]] {{lang-en|People's Congress Chhattisgarh}}
| JCC
| [[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]]
| [[Social justice]] [[Feminism]] [[Direct democracy]] [[Agrarianism]]
| 2016
|[[Renu Jogi]]
|[[Chhattisgarh]]
| Farmer ploughing
| {{Composition bar|0|543|{{party color|Janta Congress Chhattisgarh}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|245|{{party color|Janta Congress Chhattisgarh}}}}
| {{Composition bar|3|4036|{{party color|Janta Congress Chhattisgarh}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|Janta Congress Chhattisgarh}}}}
|-
! style="background-color:darkgray" |
|Other
| bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}" |
|
| [[Janata Dal (Secular)]] {{lang-en|People's Party (Secular)}}
| JD(S)
| [[Centre-left politics|Centre-left]]
| [[Social democracy]]<ref name="elections.inb">{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/political-parties-in-india/janata-dal-secular.html|title=Janata Dal (Secular) JD(S)|work=elections.in|access-date=2021-09-03}}</ref> [[Secularism]]<ref name="elections.inb"/>
| 1999
| [[H. D. Deve Gowda]]
|[[Arunachal Pradesh]] [[Karnataka]] [[Kerala]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Lady Farmer.png|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|1|543|{{party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}}}
| {{Composition bar|1|245|{{party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}}}
| {{Composition bar|34|4036|{{party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}}}
| {{Composition bar|13|426|{{party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}}}
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}" |
| [[File:Janata_Dal_(United)_Flag.svg|50px]]
| [[Janata Dal (United)]] {{lang-en|People's Party (United)}}
| JD(U)
| [[Centre-left politics|Centre-left]]
| [[Socialism]]<ref name="LS2014b">{{cite web|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|title=Lok Sabha Elections 2014: Know your party symbols!|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-lok-sabha-elections-2014-know-your-party-symbols-1974606|date=10 April 2014}}</ref> [[Secularism]]<ref name="LS2014b"/> [[Integral humanism (India)|Integral humanism]]<ref name="elections.inc">{{cite web |author=About Janta Dal United (JDU) |url=http://www.elections.in/political-parties-in-india/janata-dal-united.html |title=Janta Dal United (JD(U)) – Party History, Symbol, Founders, Election Results and News |publisher=Elections.in |access-date=12 March 2017 |url-status = live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301125016/http://www.elections.in/political-parties-in-india/janata-dal-united.html |archive-date=1 March 2017 }}</ref>
| 2003
| [[Nitish Kumar]]
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]] [[Bihar]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Arrow.png|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|16|543|{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}}}
| {{Composition bar|5|245|{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}}}
| {{Composition bar|46|4036|{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}}}
| {{Composition bar|23|426|{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}}}
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Jannayak Janta Party}}" |
|
| [[Jannayak Janta Party]] {{lang-en|Mass Hero People's Party}}
| JJP
|
| {{Nowrap|[[Democratic socialism]]}}
| 2018
| [[Dushyant Chautala]]
| [[Haryana]]
| [[File:Indian election symbol Key.svg|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|0|543|{{party color|Jannayak Janta Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|245|{{party color|Jannayak Janta Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|10|4036|{{party color|Jannayak Janta Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|Jannayak Janta Party}}}}
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}" |
|
| [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]] {{lang-en|Jharkhand Liberation Front}}
| JMM
|
|
| 1972
| [[Shibu Soren]] [[Hemant Soren]]
| [[Jharkhand]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Bow And Arrow.png|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|1|543|{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}}}
| {{Composition bar|1|245|{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}}}
| {{Composition bar|30|4036|{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}}}
|-
! style="background-color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front}}" |
|[[Left Democratic Front|LDF]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Kerala Congress (Mani)}}" |
| [[File:Kerala-Congress-flag.svg|50px]]
| [[Kerala Congress (M)]]
| KC(M)
|
| [[Welfare]]<ref>{{cite web|title=KM Mani: The man behind the 'Theory of the Toiling Class'|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2019/apr/10/km-mani-the-man-behind-the-theory-of-the-toiling-class-1962410.amp|date=10 April 2019|access-date=20 March 2021|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> [[Democratic socialism]]<ref>{{cite web|title=K M Mani honoured at British Parliament Hall|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2012/sep/07/k-m-mani-honoured-at-british-parliament-hall-403616.amp|date=7 September 2012|access-date=20 March 2021|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>
| 1979
|[[Jose K. Mani]]
| [[Kerala]]
| [[File:Indian election symbol two leaves.svg|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|1|543|{{party color|Kerala Congress (M)}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|245|{{party color|Kerala Congress (M)}}}}
| {{Composition bar|5|4036|{{party color|Kerala Congress (M)}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|Kerala Congress (M)}}}}
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Lok Janshakti Party}}" |
| [[File:Lok_Janshakti_Party_Flag.svg|50px]]
| [[Lok Janshakti Party]] {{lang-en|People's Manpower Party}}
| LJP
|
|
| 2000
| [[Chirag Paswan]]
| [[Bihar]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Bungalow.png|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|0|543|{{party color|Lok Janshakti Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|245|{{party color|Lok Janshakti Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|1|4036|{{party color|Lok Janshakti Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|Lok Janshakti Party}}}}
|-
! style="background-color:darkgray" |
|Other
| bgcolor="{{party color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}" |
| [[File:MNS-rajmudra-Flag.jpg|50px]]
| [[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]] {{lang-en|Maharashtra Reformation Army}}
| MNS
| [[Far-right politics|Far-right]]
| [[Hindutva]]<ref>{{cite news|work=CanIndia|title=Raj Thackeray goes right ahead with 'Hindutva'and development agenda for MNS|date=23 January 2020|url=http://www.canindia.com/raj-thackeray-goes-right-ahead-with-hindutva-agenda-for-mns/}}</ref> [[Right-wing populism]]<ref>{{cite book|title=The Dashing Ladies of Shiv Sena|first=Tarini|last=Bedi|page=42|publisher=SUNY Press|year=2016}}</ref> [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]<ref>{{cite news|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|title=Munde still keen on alliance with MNS|date=2 March 2011|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/munde-still-keen-on-alliance-with-mns/story-qOqUrAj8Cu9QWg57NtlX9I.html}}</ref><ref name="electionms">{{cite web|title=Maharashtra Navnirman Sena|date=29 March 2019|work=Election MS|url=https://www.electionms.com/party/maharashtra-navnirman-sena/}}</ref> [[Ultranationalism]]<ref>{{Cite news|work=[[Foreign Policy (magazine)|Foreign Policy]]|title=How Pakistan Fell in Love With Bollywood|date=15 March 2010|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2010/03/15/how-pakistan-fell-in-love-with-bollywood/}}</ref><ref name="electionms"/> [[Marathi people|Marathi interests]]<ref name="electionms"/>
| 2006
| [[Raj Thackeray]]
| [[Maharashtra]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Railway Engine.png|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|0|543|{{party color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|245|{{party color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}}}
| {{Composition bar|1|4036|{{party color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}}}
|-
! style="background-color:darkgray" |
|Other
| bgcolor="{{party color|Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party}}" |
|
| [[Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party]] {{lang-en|Maharashtrian Gomantak Party}}
| MGP
| [[Centrism|Centre]]
| [[Populism]] [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]
| 1963
| [[Deepak Dhavalikar]]
| [[Goa]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Lion.png|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|0|543|{{party color|Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|245|{{party color|Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|1|4036|{{party color|Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party}}}}
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Mizo National Front}}" |
|
| [[Mizo National Front]]
| MNF
|
|
| 1961
| [[Zoramthanga]]
| [[Mizoram]]
| [[File:Election Symbol Star.svg|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|1|543|{{party color|Mizo National Front}}}}
| {{Composition bar|1|245|{{party color|Mizo National Front}}}}
| {{Composition bar|28|4036|{{party color|Mizo National Front}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|Mizo National Front}}}}
|-
! style="background-color:darkgray" |
|Other
| bgcolor="{{party color|Mizoram People's Conference}}" |
|
| [[Mizoram People's Conference]]
| MPC
|
|
| 1975
|[[Lalhmangaiha Sailo]]
| [[Mizoram]]
| [[File:Bulb Election Symbol.svg|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|0|543|{{party color|Mizoram People's Conference}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|245|{{party color|Mizoram People's Conference}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|4036|{{party color|Mizoram People's Conference}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|Mizoram People's Conference}}}}
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Naga People's Front}}" |
| [[File:Flag_of_the_Naga_People%27s_Front.png|50px]]
| [[Naga People's Front]]
| NPF
|
| [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]
| 2002
| [[T. R. Zeliang]]
|[[Manipur]] [[Nagaland]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Cock.png|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|1|543|{{party color|Naga People's Front}}}}
| {{Composition bar|1|245|{{party color|Naga People's Front}}}}
| {{Composition bar|29|4036|{{party color|Naga People's Front}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|Naga People's Front}}}}
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party}}" |
|
| [[Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party]]
| NDPP
|
| [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]
| 2017
| [[Neiphiu Rio]]
| [[Nagaland]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Crown.png|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|1|543|{{party color|Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|245|{{party color|Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|21|4036|{{party color|Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party}}}}
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}" |
| [[File:Pmk_flag.jpg|50px]]
| [[Pattali Makkal Katchi]] {{lang-en|Working People's Party}}
| PMK
|[[Centrism|Centre]]
| [[Populism]]
| 1989
| [[S. Ramadoss]]
| [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
[[Tamil Nadu|Tamil nadu]]
| [[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Mango.png|50px|Mango]]
| {{Composition bar|0|543|{{party color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}}}
| {{Composition bar|1|245|{{party color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}}}
| {{Composition bar|5|4036|{{party color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}}}
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| bgcolor="Red" |
|
| [[People's Democratic Alliance (Manipur)|People's Democratic Alliance]]
| PDA
|
|
| 2012
| [[B.D. Behring]]
| [[Manipur]]
| Crown
| {{Composition bar|0|543|red}}
| {{Composition bar|0|245|red}}
| {{Composition bar|0|4036|red}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|red}}
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| bgcolor="yellow" |
|
| [[People's Democratic Front (Meghalaya)|People's Democratic Front]]
| PDF
|
|
| 2017
| [[Ivanlum Marbaniang]]
| [[Meghalaya]]
| [[File:Candle - Election Symbol.png|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|0|543|yellow}}
| {{Composition bar|0|245|yellow}}
| {{Composition bar|4|4036|yellow}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|yellow}}
|-
! style="background-color:darkgray" |
|Other
| bgcolor="{{party color|People's Party of Arunachal}}" |
|
| [[People's Party of Arunachal]]
| PPA
|
| [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]
| 1977
| [[Kamen Ringu]]
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Maize.svg|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|0|543|{{party color|People's Party of Arunachal}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|245|{{party color|People's Party of Arunachal}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|4036|{{party color|People's Party of Arunachal}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|People's Party of Arunachal}}}}
|-
! style="background-color:darkgray" |
|Other
| bgcolor="{{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}" |
| [[File:RJD_Flag.svg|50px]]
| [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] {{lang-en|National People's Party}}
| RJD
| [[Centre-left politics|Centre-left]]
| [[Socialism]]
| 1997
| [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]] [[Tejashwi Yadav]]
| [[Bihar]] [[Jharkhand]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Hurricane Lamp.png|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|0|543|{{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}}}
| {{Composition bar|5|245|{{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}}}
| {{Composition bar|76|4036|{{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}}}
| {{Composition bar|5|426|{{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}}}
|-
! style="background-color:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
|[[Samajwadi Party|SP+]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}" |
|
| [[Rashtriya Lok Dal]] {{lang-en|National People's Party}}
| RLD
|
|
| 1996
| [[Jayant Chaudhary]]
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Hand Pump.png|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|0|543|{{party color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|245|{{party color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}}}
| {{Composition bar|1|4036|{{party color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}}}
|-
! style="background-color:darkgray" |
|Other
| bgcolor="{{party color|Rashtriya Loktantrik Party}}" |
| [[File:Logo_Rashtriya_Loktantrik_party.png|50px]]
| [[Rashtriya Loktantrik Party]] {{lang-en|National Democratic Party}}
| RLP
|
|
| 2020
| [[Hanuman Beniwal]]
| [[Rajasthan]]
| [[File:Water bottle RLP election symbol.svg|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|1|543|{{party color|Rashtriya Loktantrik Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|245|{{party color|Rashtriya Loktantrik Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|3|4036|{{party color|Rashtriya Loktantrik Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|Rashtriya Loktantrik Party}}}}
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}" |
| [[File:RSP-flag.svg|50px]]
| [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]
| RSP
| [[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]]
| [[Communism]] [[Marxism–Leninism]]<ref name="Chakrabarty2014">{{cite book|author=Bidyut Chakrabarty|title=Communism in India: Events, Processes and Ideologies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oEtRBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA61|year=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-997489-4|page=61}}</ref> [[Revolutionary socialism]]
| 1940
| [[Manoj Bhattacharya]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Indian citizenship act against humanity: Manoj Bhattacharya|url=https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/politics/indian-citizenship-act-against-humanity-manoj-bhattacharya
|website=prothomalo.com}}</ref>
| [[Kerala]] [[West Bengal]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Spade and Stoker.png|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|1|543|{{party color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|245|{{party color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|4036|{{party color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}}}
|-
! style="background-color:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
|[[Samajwadi Party|SP+]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
| [[File:Samajwadi Party Flag.jpg|50px|Flag of the Samajwadi Party]]
| [[Samajwadi Party]] {{lang-en|Socialist Party}}
| SP
| [[Centre-left politics|Centre-left]]
| [[Social democracy]]<ref>{{cite book|title=India at the Polls: Parliamentary Elections in the Federal Phase|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bnAlnDZ2KcYC&q=India+at+the+Polls|page=78|publisher=Orient Blackswan|year=2003|first1=Mahendra Prasad|last1=Singh|first2=Rekha|last2=Saxena|isbn=978-8-125-02328-9}}</ref> [[Democratic socialism]]<ref name="elections.ind">{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/political-parties-in-india/samajwadi-party.html|title=Samajwadi Party (SP)|work=elections.in|access-date=3 September 2021}}</ref> [[Left-wing populism]]<ref name="elections.ind"/><ref>{{cite news|work=[[Zee News]]|title=Mulayam's son Prateek Yadav attracts eye balls during ride in Rs 5 crore Lamborghini|date=14 January 2017|url=https://zeenews.india.com/uttar-pradesh/mulayams-son-prateek-yadav-attracts-eye-balls-during-ride-in-rs-5-crore-lamborghini_1967175.html}}</ref> [[Social conservatism]]<ref name="elections.ind"/>
| 1992
| [[Akhilesh Yadav]]
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Cycle.png|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|5|543|{{party color|Samajwadi Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|5|245|{{party color|Samajwadi Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|47|4036|{{party color|Samajwadi Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|48|426|{{party color|Samajwadi Party}}}}
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |
| SAD+ [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}" |
|
| [[Shiromani Akali Dal]] {{lang-en|Supreme Akali Party}}
| SAD
| [[Centre-right politics|Centre-right]]
| [[Punjabiyat]]<ref name="Service 2015">{{cite news | title=SAD aims to widen reach, to contest UP poll | location=Chandigarh | newspaper=The Tribune | date=8 October 2015 | url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/sad-aims-to-widen-reach-to-contest-up-poll/132330.html | access-date=8 October 2015}}</ref><ref name="Pandher 2013">{{cite news | last=Pandher | first=Sarabjit | title=In post-Independence India, the SAD launched the Punjabi Suba morcha in the 1960s, seeking the re-organisation of Punjab on linguistic basis. | newspaper=The Hindu | date=3 September 2013 | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/sukhbir-reelected-president-of-sad/article5089819.ece | access-date=15 September 2015}}</ref> [[Conservatism in India|Conservatism]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of India and Her States: Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir and Punjab, Volume 4|year=1996|publisher=Deep & Deep|first=Verinder|last=Grover|page=578}}</ref> [[Federalism in India|Federalism]]<ref>{{cite news | title=Parkash Singh Badal calls for 'genuinely federal structure' for country | newspaper=The Economic Times | date=2014-12-07 | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/parkash-singh-badal-calls-for-genuinely-federal-structure-for-country/articleshow/45405975.cms | access-date=2019-10-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Bharti | first=Vishav | title=Article 370: SAD 'dumps' its core ideology of federalism | website=The Tribune | date=2019-08-06 | url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/article-370-sad-dumps-its-core-ideology-of-federalism/813427.html | access-date=2019-10-10}}</ref>
| 1920
| [[Sukhbir Singh Badal]]
| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Scale.png|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|2|543|{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}}}
| {{Composition bar|3|245|{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}}}
| {{Composition bar|14|4036|{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}}}
|-
! style="background-color:darkgray" |
|Other
| bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
| [[File:Logo_of_Shiv_Sena.svg|50px]]
| [[Shiv Sena]] {{lang-en|Army of Shivaji}}
| SS
| [[Right-wing politics|Right-wing]] to [[Far-right politics|far-right]]
| [[Conservatism]] [[Hindutva]] [[Ultranationalism]] [[Right-wing populism]]
| 1966
| [[Uddhav Thackeray]]
| [[Maharashtra]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Bow And Arrow.png|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|19|543|{{party color|Shiv Sena}}}}
| {{Composition bar|3|245|{{party color|Shiv Sena}}}}
| {{Composition bar|57|4036|{{party color|Shiv Sena}}}}
| {{Composition bar|16|426|{{party color|Shiv Sena}}}}
|-
! style="background-color:darkgray" |
|Other
| bgcolor="{{party color|Sikkim Democratic Front}}" |
| [[File:Sikkim-Democratic-Front-flag.svg|50px]]
| [[Sikkim Democratic Front]]
| SDF
| [[Centre-left politics|Centre-left]] to [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]]
| [[Democratic socialism]]
| 1993
| [[Pawan Kumar Chamling]]
| [[Sikkim]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Umberlla.png|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|0|543|{{party color|Sikkim Democratic Front}}}}
| {{Composition bar|1|245|{{party color|Sikkim Democratic Front}}}}
| {{Composition bar|1|4036|{{party color|Sikkim Democratic Front}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|Sikkim Democratic Front}}}}
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha}}" |
| [[File:Sikkim_Krantikari_Morcha_flag.png|50px]]
| [[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha]] {{lang-en|Sikkim Revolutionary Front}}
| SKM
|
| [[Democratic socialism]]
| 2013
| [[Prem Singh Tamang]]
| [[Sikkim]]
| [[File:Symbol SKM.png|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|1|543|{{party color|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|245|{{party color|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha}}}}
| {{Composition bar|19|4036|{{party color|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha}}}}
|-
! style="background-color:darkgray" |
|Other
| bgcolor="{{party color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}" |
| [[File:TRS_Flag.svg|50px]]
| [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]] {{lang-en|Telangana State Council}}
| TRS
| [[Centrism|Centre]]
| [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hyderabad|first=K. VENKATESHWARLU in|title=Regionalism and sub-regionalism|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/article30222171.ece|date=23 April 2004|access-date=2020-09-14|website=Frontline|language=en}}</ref><ref name="elections.in"/> [[Populism]]<ref>{{cite news|work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|title=One year of Telangana a mixed bag for KCR|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/one-year-of-telangana-a-mixed-bag-for-kcr/88791.html|quote=The Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS), led by Chandrasekhar Rao, took over the reins of the new state amid euphoria and high expectations. ... Blending boldness with populism, KCR has earned the reputation for being a tough task master|access-date=20 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721014401/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/one-year-of-telangana-a-mixed-bag-for-kcr/88791.html|archive-date=21 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Federalism]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/politics/pm-only-paying-lip-service-to-federalism-trs-3283911.html|title=PM only paying lip-service to federalism: TRS|website=Moneycontrol.com|quote="We would have believed, we would have hoped that he being former Chief Minister himself would have empowered states much much more because stronger the states, stronger the country; that's true federalism; can't just be federalism for lip-service."|access-date=1 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401231030/https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/politics/pm-only-paying-lip-service-to-federalism-trs-3283911.html|archive-date=1 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Economic liberalism]]<ref>{{cite news|work=[[The Hindu]]|title='BLF to challenge TRS, BJP’s neo-liberal agenda'|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/blf-to-challenge-trs-bjps-neo-liberal-agenda/article23350209.ece|quote=speakers expressed their firm belief in a Bahujan Left Front (BLF) to bring an end to the pro-liberal economic policies of Telangana Rashtra Samithi government.}}</ref> [[Conservatism]]<ref name="elections.in"/>
| 2001
| [[K. Chandrashekar Rao]]
|[[Telangana]] [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| [[File:Telangana Rashtra Samithi symbol.svg|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|9|543|{{party color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}}}
| {{Composition bar|7|245|{{party color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}}}
| {{Composition bar|103|4036|{{party color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}}}
| {{Composition bar|28|426|{{party color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}}}
|-
! style="background-color:darkgray" |
|Other
| bgcolor="{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}" |
| [[File:TDPFlag.PNG|50px]]
| [[Telugu Desam Party]] {{lang-en|Party of the Telugu Land}}
| TDP
|
| [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]<ref name="Britannica">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Telugu-Desam-Party|title=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref><ref name="elections.ine">{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/political-parties-in-india/telugu-desam.html|title=Telugu Desam Party (TDP)|access-date=9 September 2021}}</ref> [[Populism]]<ref name="Britannica"/><ref name="elections.ine"/> [[Economic liberalism]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Price |first1= Pamela |last2=Srinivas |first2=Dusi |editor1-first= Anastasia |editor1-last= Piliavsky |date=August 2014 |title=Patronage and autonomy in India's deepening democracy |journal=Cambridge University Press |pages=217–236 |doi=10.1017/CBO9781107296930.011 |isbn= 9781107296930 }}</ref>
| 1982
| [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]
| [[Andhra Pradesh]] [[Telangana]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Cycle.png|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|3|543|{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|1|245|{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|23|4036|{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|15|426|{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}}}
|-
! style="background-color:darkgray" |
|Other
| bgcolor="{{party color|United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)}}" |
|
| [[United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)|United Democratic Party]]
| UDP
|
| [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]] [[Populism]]
| 1997
| [[Metbah Lyngdoh]]
| [[Meghalaya]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Drums.png|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|0|543|{{party color|United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|245|{{party color|United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)}}}}
| {{Composition bar|8|4036|{{party color|United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)}}}}
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|United People's Party Liberal}}" |
| [[File:UPPL Logo.png|50px]]
| [[United People's Party Liberal]]
| UPPL
| [[Centrism|Centre]]
| [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]
| 2015
| [[Urkhao Gwra Brahma]]
| [[Assam]]
| Tractor
| {{Composition bar|0|543|{{party color|United People's Party Liberal}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|245|{{party color|United People's Party Liberal}}}}
| {{Composition bar|7|4036|{{party color|United People's Party Liberal}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|{{party color|United People's Party Liberal}}}}
|-
! style="background-color:darkgray" |
|Other
| bgcolor="{{party color|YSR Congress Party}}" |
|
| [[Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party]] {{lang-en|Youth Labour Farmers Congress Party}}
| YSRCP
|
|
| 2011
| [[Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy]]
| [[Andhra Pradesh]] [[Telangana]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Ceiling Fan.svg|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|22|543|{{party color|YSR Congress Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|6|245|{{party color|YSR Congress Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|151|4036|{{party color|YSR Congress Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|19|426|{{party color|YSR Congress Party}}}}
|-
! style="background-color:darkgray" |
|Other
| bgcolor="blue" |
|
| [[Zoram Nationalist Party]]
| ZNP
|
|
| 1997
| [[Lalduhawma]]
|[[Mizoram]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Sun without Rays.png|50px]]
| {{Composition bar|0|543|blue}}
| {{Composition bar|0|245|blue}}
| {{Composition bar|0|4036|blue}}
| {{Composition bar|0|426|blue}}
|-
|}

==Unrecognised parties==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Unrecognised registered notable parties<ref name="ECI23092021" />
|-
!Name
! Abbreviation
! Founded
! president or general secretary
! Recognised in
|-
| [[Revolutionary Communist Party of India]]
| RCPI
| 1934
| [[Saumyendranath Tagore]]
|[[Assam]] [[West Bengal]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rcpicommunist.in/p/contact-us.html|title=Contact Us|access-date=27 November 2019}}</ref>
|-
| [[Democratic Party of India]]
| DPI
| 1961
| [[Capt. G S Rathee]]
|[[Delhi]] [[Haryana]] [[Himachal Pradesh]] [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu & Kashmir]] [[Karnataka]] [[Kerala]] [[Maharashtra]] [[Nagaland]] [[Punjab]] [[Tamil Nadu]] [[Telangana]] [[Tripura]] [[Uttar Pradesh]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dpi4change.org/p/contact-us.html|title=Contact Us|access-date=26 October 2021}}</ref>
|-
|[[United Goans Party]]
| UGP
| 1963
| [[Jack de Sequeira]]
|[[Goa]]
|-
| [[Manipur Peoples Party]]
| MPP
| 1968
| Sovakiran N.
|[[Manipur]]
|-
| [[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi]]
| VCK
| 1972
| [[Thol. Thirumavalavan]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|-
| [[Socialist Republican Party (Kerala)]]
| SRP
| 1977
| O V Sreedath
|[[Kerala]]
|-
| [[Uttarakhand Kranti Dal]]
| UKD
|1979
| [[Kashi Singh Airy]]
|[[Uttarakhand]]
|-
| [[Gorkha National Liberation Front]]
| GNLF
| 1980
| [[Subhash Ghisingh]]
|[[West Bengal]]
|-
| [[Lokdal]]
| LD
| 1980
| [[Charan Singh]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|-
| [[Amra Bangali]]
| AMB
| 1983
| [[Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar]]
|[[West Bengal]]
|-
| [[Bharatiya Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh]]
| BMSM
| 1983
| Sundar Shaekhar
|[[Maharashtra]]
|-
| [[Kerala Congress (B)]]
| KC(B)
| 1989
| [[R. Balakrishna Pillai]]
|[[Kerala]]
|-
| [[Gondwana Ganatantra Party]]
| GGP
| 1991
| [[Hira Singh Markam]]
|[[Chhattisgarh]] [[Jharkhand]] [[Maharashtra]]
|-
| [[Kerala Congress (Jacob)]]
| KC(J)
| 1991
| [[Anoop Jacob]]
|[[Kerala]]
|-
| [[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| MDMK
| 1992
| [[Vaiko]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]] [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
|-
| [[Samta Party|Samata Party]]
| SAP
| 1994
| [[Uday Mondal]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=महंगाई व बेरोजगारी के खिलाफ किया प्रदर्शन|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/madhubani/story-demonstrated-against-inflation-and-unemployment-3937699.html|access-date=2021-05-07|website=www.livehindustan.com}}</ref>
|[[Bihar]] [[Tamil Nadu]] [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
|-
| [[Puthiya Tamilagam]]
| PTK
| 1996
| [[K. Krishnasamy]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|-
| [[Tamil Maanila Congress]]
| TMC(M)
| 1996
| [[G. K. Vasan]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|-
| [[Kongunadu Makkal Katchi]]
| KMK
| 2000
| A. M. Raja
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|-
| [[Ittehad-e-Millat Council]]
| IEMC
| 2001
| [[Tauqeer Raza Khan]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|-
| [[Janganotantrik Morcha|People's Democratic Front]]
| PDF
| 2001
| [[Ajoy Biswas]]
|[[Tripura]]
|-
| [[Tamil Nadu Kongu Ilaingar Peravai]]
| KIP
| 2001
| [[U. Thaniyarasu]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|-
| [[Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party]]
| SBSP
| 2002
| [[Om Prakash Rajbhar]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]] [[Bihar]]
|-
| [[Rashtriya Samaj Paksha]]
| RSP
| 2003
| [[Mahadev Jankar]]
|[[Maharashtra]] [[Kerala]]
|-
| [[Lok Satta Party]]
| LSP
| 2006
| [[Nagabhairava Jaya Prakash Narayana|Jaya Prakash Narayana]]
|[[Andhra Pradesh]] [[Telangana]]
|-
| [[Gorkha Janmukti Morcha]]
| GJM
| 2007
| Bimal Gurung
|[[West Bengal]]
|-
| [[Peace Party of India]]
| PECP
| 2008
| [[Mohamed Ayub]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|-
| [[Rashtriya Ulama Council]]
| RUC
| 2008
| [[Aamir Rashadi Madni]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|-
| [[Manithaneya Makkal Katchi]]
| MMK
| 2009
| [[M. H. Jawahirullah]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|-
| [[Social Democratic Party of India]]
| SDPI
| 2009
| M. K. Faizy
|{{plainlist|
*[[Delhi]]
*[[Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Rajasthan]]
*[[Gujarat]]
*[[Bihar]]
*[[Madhya Pradesh]]
*[[Jharkhand]]
*[[West Bengal]]
*[[Assam]]
*[[Manipur]]
*[[Telangana]]
*[[Maharashtra]]
*[[Goa]]
*[[Andhra Pradesh]]
*[[Tamil Nadu]]
*[[Karnataka]]
*[[Kerala]]}}
|-
| [[Naam Tamilar Katchi]]
| NTK
| 2009
| [[Seeman (politician)|Senthamizhan Seeman]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]] [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
|-
| [[Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi]]
| IJK
| 2010
| [[T. R. Paarivendhar|T.R. Pachamuthu]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|-
| [[Quami Ekta Dal]]
| QED
| 2010
| [[Mukhtar Ansari]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|-
| [[Samajwadi Janata Dal Democratic]]
| SJDD
| 2010
| [[Devendra Prasad Yadav]]
|[[Bihar]] [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|-
| [[Hindu Sena]]
| HS
| 2011
| [[Vishnu Gupta]]
|[[New Delhi]]
|-
| [[Welfare Party of India]]
| WPI
| 2011
| S. Q. R. Ilyas
|{{plainlist|
*[[Kerala]]
*[[Tamil Nadu]]
*[[Karnataka]]
*[[West Bengal]]
*[[Gujarat]]
*[[Rajasthan]]
*[[Maharashtra]]}}
|-
| [[Bahujan Mukti Party]]
| BMP
| 2012
| V. L. Matang
|[[Bihar]] [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|-
| [[Indian Gandhiyan Party]]
| IGP
| 2012
| [[Aashin U S]]
|[[Kerala]]
|-
|The Imperial Party of India
|IMPERIAL
|2012
|S S Kanwar (Adv)
|[[Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
| [[Rashtriya Jankranti Party]]
| RAJPA
| 2013
| [[LPS Ramsewak.Upadhyay]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|-
| [[Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi]]
| KMDK
| 2013
| [[E. R. Eswaran]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|-
| [[Odisha Janmorcha]]
| OJM
| 2013
| [[Pyarimohan Mohapatra]]
|[[Odisha]]
|-
| [[Jana Sena Party]]
| JSP
| 2014
| [[Pawan Kalyan]]
|[[Andhra Pradesh]] [[Telangana]]
|-
| [[Param Digvijay Dal]]
| PDD
| 2014
| Adhyatmik Neta Krishna Mohan Shankar Yogi
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|-
| [[All India Hindustan Congress Party]]
| AIHCP
| 2015
| Buddh Prakash Sharma
|{{plainlist|
*[[Gujarat]]
*[[Rajasthan]]
*[[Karnataka]]
*[[Madhya Pradesh]]
*[[Chhattisgarh]]}}
|-
| [[Jan Adhikar Party Loktantrik]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Allotment of Common Symbol -10B letter dt 15.9.15 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/OrdersNotifications/year2015/Allotment%20of%20Common%20Symbol%20-10B,%20letter%20dt%2015.9.15.pdf |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=15 September 2015 |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref>
| JAP
| 2015
| [[Pappu Yadav]]
|[[Bihar]] [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|-
| [[Jan Shakti Party of India]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/OrdersNotifications/year2015/AmendingNotificationEnglish19062015.pdf|title=June 2015 Notification|publisher=Election Commission of India|page=2 |access-date=17 September 2016}}</ref>
| JSPI
| 2015
| Gurjeet Singh Azad
|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
|-
| [[Hindustani Awam Morcha]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Manjhi's HAM recognised by poll panel |url=http://www.thestatesman.com/latest-headlines/manjhi-s-ham-recognised-by-poll-panel-78698.html |publisher=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |date=19 July 2015 |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref>
| HAM
| 2015
| [[Jitan Ram Manjhi]]
|[[Bihar]]
|-
| [[Apna Dal (Sonelal)]]
| AD(S)
| 2016
| [[Anupriya Patel]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|-
| [[Goa Suraksha Manch]]
| GSM
| 2016
| [[Subhash Velingkar]]
|[[Goa]]
|-
| [[NISHAD Party]]
| NISHAD
| 2016
| Sanjay Nishad
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|-
| [[Swaraj India]]
| SI
| 2016
| [[Yogendra Yadav]]
|{{plainlist|
*[[New Delhi]]
*[[Karnataka]]
*[[Haryana]]}}
|-
| [[All India Mahila Empowerment Party]]
| AIMEP
| 2017
| [[Nowhera Shaik]]
|[[Telangana]] [[Karnataka]]
|-
| [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]]
| AMMK
| 2018
| [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|-
| [[Jansatta Dal Loktantrik]]
| JSD (L)
| 2018
| [[Raja Bhaiya|Raghuraj Pratap Singh]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|-
| [[Loktantrik Janata Dal]]
| LJD
| 2018
| [[Sharad Yadav]]
|[[Bihar]] [[Kerala]]
|-
| [[Makkal Needhi Maiam]]
| MNM
| 2018
| [[Kamal Haasan]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]] [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
|-
| [[Pragatisheel Samajwadi Party (Lohiya)]]
| PSP(L)
| 2018
| [[Shivpal Singh Yadav]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|-
| [[Shiromani Akali Dal (Taksali)]]
| SAD(T)
| 2018
| [[Ranjit Singh Brahmpura]]
|[[Punjab]]
|-
| [[Vanchit Bahujan Aghadi]]
| VBA
| 2018
| [[Prakash Ambedkar]]
|[[Maharashtra]]
|-
| [[Vikassheel Insaan Party]]
| VIP
| 2018
| [[Mukesh Sahani]]
|[[Bihar]]
|-
| [[Lok Insaaf Party]]
| LIP
| 2019
| [[Simarjit Singh Bains]]
|[[Punjab]]
|-
| Rashtriya Secular Majlis Party
| RSMP
| 2019
| MD Asharul Haque
|[[Bihar]] [[West Bengal]] [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|-
| [[Nawan Punjab Party]]
| NPP
| 2019
| [[Dharamvir Gandhi]]
|[[Punjab]]
|-
| [[Punjab Ekta Party]]
| PEP
| 2019
| [[Sukhpal Singh Khaira]]
|[[Punjab]]
|-
| [[Tipu Sultan Party]]
| TSP
| 2019
| Shaikh Sadeque
|{{plainlist|
*[[Maharashtra]]
*[[Delhi]]
*[[Tamil Nadu]]
*[[Uttar Pradesh]]}}
|-
|[[Azad Samaj Party]]
|ASP
|2020
|[[Chandrashekhar Azad Ravan]]
|{{plainlist|
*[[Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Madhya Pradesh]]
*[[Bihar]]}}
|-
| [[Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party]]
| JKAP
| 2020
| [[Altaf Bukhari]]
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|-
| [[Jammu and Kashmir Workers Party]]
| JKWP
| 2020
| Mir Junaid
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|-
| [[Plurals Party]]
| PP
| 2020
| Pushpam Priya Choudhary
|[[Bihar]]
|-
| [[Raijor Dol]]
| RD
| 2020
| [[Akhil Gogoi]]
|[[Assam]]
|-
| [[Rashtriya Jan Jan Party]]
| RJJP
| 2020
| Ashutosh Kumar
|[[Bihar]]
|-
| [[Shiromani Akali Dal (Democratic)]]
| SAD(D)
| 2020
| [[Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa]]
|[[Punjab]]
|-
| [[Indian Secular Front]]
| ISF
| 2021
| [[Nawsad Siddique]]
|[[West Bengal]]
|-
| [[The Indigenous Progressive Regional Alliance]]
| TIPRA
| 2021
| [[Pradyot Manikya Debbarma]]
|[[Tripura]]
|-
| [[Punjab Lok Congress]]
| PLC
| 2021
| [[Amarinder Singh]]
| [[Punjab]]
|}

==See also==

* [[List of political parties]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Subrata K. Mitra and V. B. Singh. 1999. ''Democracy and Social Change in [[India]]: but parties have to be 70per of decision A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the National Electorate''. New Delhi: Sage Publications. {{ISBN|81-7036-809-X}} (India HB) {{ISBN|0-7619-9344-4}} (U.S. HB).
* Subrata K. Mitra, Mike Enskat, Clemens Spiess (eds.). 2004. ''Political [[Parties]] in South Asia''. Greenwood: Praeger.
*[https://ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/jess406.pdf Political Parties, Democratic Politics II, Textbook in Political Science for Class X, NCERT]

{{Indian political parties}}
{{Asia topic|List of political parties in}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Political Parties In India}}
[[Category:Lists of political parties by country|India]]
[[Category:Political parties in India| ]]
[[Category:Lists of political parties in India| ]]

Political families of Tamil Nadu

2022-05-02T17:45:49Z

Snthilakammarist:

{{unsourced|date=October 2019}}
{{short description|Political families of Tamil Nadu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}

The list of political families of [[Tamil Nadu]] state in [[India]].

== The [[V. K. Sassikala]] Family - Multi Parties==
***[[V. K. Sassikala|VK Sassikala]], Indian Busniesswoman turned Politician
*** [[M. Natarajan]], Sassikala's husband
*** V. K. Dhivakaran, Founding General Secretary Of Anna Dravidar Kazhagam and brother of VK Sassikala
*** [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]], General Secretary Of Ammk and Sassikala's elder Sister Vanimani's Son
**** [[Anuradha Dhinakaran]] , Dhinakaran's wife.
*** [[V. N. Sudhakaran]], Jayalalithaa's foster son and brother of TTV Dhinakaran
*** T. T. V. Bhaskaran, Founding General Secretary Of Anna Mgr Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam and brother of TTV Dhinakaran
*** J. Illavarsi, Sassikala's brother Jayaraman's widow
*** Vivek Jayaraman, Sassikala's brother Jayaraman's son

== The [[M. Karunanidhi|Karunanidhi]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]]==
*Late [[M. Karunanidhi]], Former Chief Minister of [[Tamil Nadu]]
** [[M. K. Stalin]], current Chief Minister of [[Tamil Nadu]] (Son of Karunanidhi)
**[[Udhayanidhi Stalin]], son of [[M. K. Stalin|M.K.Stalin]]. He is [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] 's youth wing secretary and an MLA from [[Chepauk-Thiruvallikeni|Cheppauk - Thiruvallikeni constituency]].
** [[M. K. Alagiri]], former Union Minister in [[Government of India]] (Eldest son of Karunanidhi)
** [[Kanimozhi]], Member of Parliament from [[Lok Sabha]] (Daughter of Karunanidhi)
** Late [[Murasoli Maran]], Former Union Minister in [[Government of India]] (nephew of Karunanidhi)
***[[Dayanidhi Maran]], Member of Parliament from [[Lok Sabha]] and Former Union Minister in [[Government of India]] (son of Murasoli)

== The Ramachandran Family - [[AIADMK]]==
*Late [[M. G. Ramachandran]] (former Chief Minister of [[Tamil Nadu]])
**Late [[VN Janaki]], wife of MGR, (former Chief Minister of [[Tamil Nadu]])

== The Ramadoss Family - PMK==
*[[S. Ramadoss]] PMK founder
*[[Anbumani Ramadoss]] Member of Parliament from [[Rajya Sabha]] and former Cabinet Minister (Ministry of Health) during 2004-09

== The P.T.R Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ==
* [[P. T. Rajan]], Chief Minister of Madras Presidency in 1936.
** [[P. T. R. Palanivel Rajan]], former Speaker of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] and Minister in the State Cabinet.
**[[Palanivel Thiagarajan|P.T.R.Palanivel Thiyagarajan]] , finance minister of [[Tamil Nadu]].

== The Kumaramangalam Family - Multiparty==
*Late [[P. Subbarayan]], former Chief Minister of [[Madras Presidency]] (1926–1930), Member of [[Lok Sabha]] from [[Tiruchengode]]
* [[Radhabai Subbarayan]], Famous human rights activist
** [[Mohan Kumaramangalam]], politician and trade union leader from the [[Communist Party of India]].
*** [[Rangarajan Kumaramangalam]], Indian politician. Member of Lok Sabha from [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] and later, [[Tiruchirapalli]] and Union Minister in [[Government of India]]
*** [[Lalitha Kumaramangalam]], politician and member of the BJP's national executive.
** [[Parvathi Krishnan]] , Former Member of Lok Sabha from [[Coimbatore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Coimbatore]].

== The Rajagopalachari Family - Congress ==
*Late [[C. Rajagopalachari]], Chief Minister of Madras Presidency (1937–40), [[Madras State]] (1952–54), Governor of [[West Bengal]] (1946–48), Governor-General of India (1948–50). Union Minister in [[Government of India]] (1950–52).
** [[Gopalkrishna Gandhi]], Governor of [[West Bengal]].
** [[C. R. Narasimhan]], Former Member of [[Lok Sabha]] from [[Krishnagiri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Krishnagiri]].

== The C.P.Ramaswami Iyer family - Congress==
* [[C. P. Ramaswami Iyer]], Member of [[Madras Legislative Council]] and Diwan of Travancore.
** [[C. R. Pattabhi Raman]], Former Member of [[Lok Sabha]] from [[Kumbakonam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kumbakonam]].

== The [[Bhaktavatsalam]] Family - Congress ==
* [[M. Bhaktavatsalam]], Chief Minister of [[Madras]] state (1962–1967).
*[[Jayanthi Natarajan]], Former Member of [[Indian Parliament]].

== The [[G. K. Moopanar]] Family - TMC ==
*Late [[G. K. Moopanar]], Indian politician and founder of the [[Tamil Maanila Congress]].
** [[G. K. Vasan]], Former Union Minister in [[Government of India]].

== The Vaiko Family - MDMK==
* [[Vaiko]], founder of the [[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]].
** [[Durai Vaiyapuri]], Internet wing [[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|MDMK]].

== The [[O. Paneerselvam]] Family - AIADMK ==
*[[O. Paneerselvam]] (Former Chief Minister of [[Tamil Nadu]])
**[[P. Raveendranath Kumar|O. P. Raveendranath Kumar]] [[Member of Parliament]] (Eldest son of O.P.S)

== The [[Durai Murugan]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ==
*[[Durai Murugan]] (Current Minister for Water Resources of Tamil Nadu)
**[[Kathir Anand]] [[Member of Parliament]] from [[Vellore (Lok Sabha constituency)]] (Only Son of Durai Murugan)

== The [[T. R. Baalu|T R Baalu]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ==
*[[ T R Balu| T R Baalu]], [[Member of parliament|MP]] from [[Sriperumbudur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sriperumbudur]] and Treasurer of [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
**[[T R B Rajaa]], MLA from [[Mannargudi]] and Member of [http://www.spc.tn.gov.in/aboutus.html]

== The [[V. Thangapandian]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ==
*Thangam Thennarasu Former MLA [[Aruppukottai (state assembly constituency)]]
**[[Thangam Thennarasu]], Son of [[Thangam Thennarasu]]. Minister for Department of Industries , Tamil Official Language, Tamil Culture and Archeology Minister of Tamil nadu]]
**[[Thamizhachi Thangapandian]], Daughter of [[Thangam Thennarasu]]. She is member of Parliament [[Chennai South (Lok Sabha constituency)]]

==The [[I. Periyasamy]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ==
*[[I. Periyasamy]], 2021 Minister of Co-operation, Government of Tamilnadu.
**[[I P Senthil Kumar]], Son of [[I.Periyasamy]], an MLA from [[Attur (state assembly constituency)]]

==The [[Anbil P. Dharmalingam]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ==
*[[Anbil P. Dharmalingam]], was one of the founder-members of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK)]]
**[[Anbil Poyyamozhi]], son of Anbil P. Dharmalingam, Former minister of School Education of Tamil Nadu,
***[[Anbil Mahesh Poyyamozhi]], son of Anbil Poyyamozhi a member of Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, Minister for School Education in Tamil Nadu
**[[Anbil Periyasamy]], son of Anbil P. Dharmalingam, Former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu, [[Tiruchirappalli – II]]

==The [[K. Anbazhagan]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ==
*[[K. Anbazhagan]], Former minister of Finance.
**[[A.Vetriazhagan]], Grandson of [[K. Anbazhagan]], an MLA from [[Villivakkam (state assembly constituency)]]

==The [[K. Ponmudy]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]]==
*K. Ponmudy, Minister of Higher Education of Tamil Nadu
**[[Gautham Sigamani]], Son of K.Ponmudy, an MP from [[Kallakurichi (Lok Sabha constituency)]]

==The [[Aladi Aruna]] (alias) V Arunachalam Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ==
*[[Aladi Aruna]], Former Minister of Law
**[[Poongothai Aladi Aruna]], Daughter of Aladi Aruna, Former minister of Tamil Nadu for Information Technology

==The [[N. V. Natarajan]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ==
*[[N. V. Natarajan]] Founding member of DMK. He was former minister for Labour and Backward classes in Tamil Nadu Government during 1969 - 1975
**[[N. V. N. Somu]] Son of [[N. V. Natarajan]]. He was former Lok Shaba member.
***[[Kanimozhi NVN Somu]] Daughter of [[N. V. N. Somu]] Member of Rajya Shaba from DMK.
[[Category:Tamil Nadu politicians| ]]
[[Category:Political families of India]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu politics-related lists]]

==The [[Arcot N. Veeraswami]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ==
*[[Arcot N. Veeraswami]] Former treasurer of DMK, Former Minister of DMK
**[[Kalanidhi Veeraswamy]] Member of Lok Shaba from North Chennai constituency

T. T. V. Dhinakaran

2022-05-02T17:43:18Z

Snthilakammarist:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{BLP sources|date=February 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = T. T. V. Dhinakaran
| image =File:T.T.V. Dhinakaran.jpg
| caption =
| assembly = 15th Tamil Nadu
| term_start = {{Start date|2017|12|24|df=yes}}
| term_end = {{End date|2021|05|02|df=yes}}
| 1blankname = [[List of speakers of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Speaker]]
| 1namedata = [[P. Dhanapal]]
| predecessor = [[J. Jayalalithaa]]
| successor = J. J. Ebenezer
| constituency_AM = [[Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar (State Assembly Constituency)|Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar]]
| parliament1 = Indian
| term_start1 = {{Start date|2004|06|30|df=yes}}
| term_end1 = {{End date|2010|06|29|df=yes}}
| 1blankname1 = [[List of vice presidents of India|Chairperson]]
| 1namedata1 = [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] [[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]
| constituency_MP1 = [[Rajya Sabha]] from [[Tamil Nadu]]
| parliament2 = Indian
| term_start2 = {{Start date|1999|10|13|df=yes}}
| term_end2 = {{End date|2004|02|06|df=yes}}
| 1blankname2 = [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha|Speaker]]
| 1namedata2 = [[G. M. C. Balayogi]] [[Manohar Joshi]]
| predecessor2 = [[R. Muthiah]]
| successor2 = [[J. M. Aaroon Rashid]]
| constituency_MP2 = [[Lok Sabha]] from [[Periyakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Periyakulam]]
| office3 = General Secretary of the [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]]
| term_start3 = 18 March 2018
| term_end3 =
| deputy3 = {{Unbulleted_list||[[M. Rengasamy]]|[[G. Senthamizhan]]}}
| 1blankname3 = President
| 1namedata3 =
| predecessor3 = ''postion established''
| successor3 = | office5 = Deputy General Secretary of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| term_start5 = 15 February 2017
| term_end5 = 20 September 2017
| 1blankname5 = General Secretary
| 1namedata5 = [[V. K. Sasikala]]
| predecessor5 = [[V. R. Nedunchezhiyan]] and [[R. M. Veerappan]]
| successor5 = ''position abolished''
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1963|12|13|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Thiruthuraipoondi]], [[Madras State]] (present-day [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]])
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| party = [[File:AMMK Flag.jpg|20px]][[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]] {{small|(from 15 March 2018)}}
| otherparty = [[File:AIADMK_Official_Flag.png|20px]][[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] {{small|(until 2017)}} Independent {{small|(2017-2018)}}
| spouse = {{Marriage|Anuradha|1992}}
| children = Jaya Harini (Only daughter)
| father = T. Vivekanandam
| mother = V. Vanithamani
| relatives = [[Political families of Tamil Nadu#The V. K. Sassikala Family - Multi Parties|Sassikala Family]]
| residence = Jaya Harini 5, Venkateshwara Nagar 4th street, [[Adyar, Chennai|Adyar]], [[T. Nagar]], [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Businessman|Politician}}
| nickname = '''T.T.V.''' and TTVyaar }}

'''T. T. V. Dhinakaran''' (born 13 December 1963), Popularly Known as '''T.T.V.''' and TTVYaar <ref>{{cite web | url=http://164.100.47.5/newmembers/Website/Main.aspx | title=Shri LED. T. V. Dhinakaran CMRajya Sabha profile | publisher=[[Rajya Sabha]] | accessdate=25 August 2017}}</ref> is an Indian politician and General Secretary of [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam|Amma Makkal Munneetra Kazagam]]. In the past he was the Treasurer of [[AIADMK|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] Party and served as the Member of Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha. He was expelled from the AIADMK on August 2017.<ref name="ccc">{{cite web |title=Sasikala to be expelled from AIADMK, OPS settles for deputy CM |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/sasikala-be-expelled-aiadmk-ops-settles-deputy-cm-67147 |website=The News Minute |accessdate=1 December 2018 |date=21 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=NARASIMHAN |first1=T. E. |title=Ruling AIADMK expels Sasikala & Dhinakaran, plans to retrieve Jaya TV |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/ruling-aiadmk-expels-sasikala-dhinakaran-plans-to-retrieve-jaya-tv-117082800333_1.html |website=Business Standard India |date=28 August 2017}}</ref> He also served as former [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[15th Tamil Nadu Assembly]] from [[Radhakrishnan Nagar|Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar]] (2017-2021).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/rk-nagar-byelection-dhinakaran-wins-rk-nagar-bypoll-creates-history-in-tamil-nadu/articleshow/62231256.cms | title=Dhinakaran wins RK Nagar bypoll, creates history in Tamil Nadu | work=Pradeep Kumar | date=24 December 2017 | accessdate=24 December 2017}}</ref> He is the nephew of [[V. K. Sasikala]]. He won the highly anticipated RK Nagar by-election in December 2017. On 15 March 2018 Dhinakaran launched his political party named [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]].<ref name="ppp"/>

== Political career ==
Dhinakaran was a Member of Lok Sabha, representing [[Periyakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Periyakulam]] from 1999 to 2004,<ref name=report>{{cite web|title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 1999 to the 13th Lok Sabha| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf |website=[[Election Commission of India]]|format=[[PDF]]|pages=85| accessdate = 19 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=112&lastls=13 | title=Dhinakaran, Shri T. T. V. Lok Sabha Profile | publisher=[[Lok Sabha]] | accessdate=25 August 2017}}</ref> and was runner-up in the seat at [[Indian general election, 2004 (Tamil Nadu)|2004 general election]] when he was defeated by [[J. M. Aaron Rashid]]. In 2017 R.K Nagar by-election, he defeated [[AIADMK]]'s candidate [[E. Madhusudhanan]] with a huge margin of votes as an Independent candidate. He assumed office of MLA on 29 December 2017.

Dinakaran was reinducted into the AIADMK and appointed deputy general secretary on 15 February 2017, hours before [[V. K. Sasikala]] left to surrender herself in the Bengaluru court to serve the jail term in a disproportionate assets case. He was expelled from the party on August, 2017<ref name="ccc"/> and launched his own party Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam (AMMK) on 15 March 2018.<ref name="ppp">{{cite web |title=Dhinakaran launches party, names it ‘Amma Makkal Munetra Kazhagam’ after Jayalalithaa |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/dhinakaran-launches-new-party-names-it-amma-makkal-munetra-kazhagam-after-late-tamil-nadu-cm-jayalalithaa/story-mmciQ87QUNa1Vue1OIZ8pK.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=15 March 2018}}</ref>

== Lawsuit ==
On 17 April 2017, Delhi police registered a case against Dhinakaran regarding an allegation of attempting to bribe the [[Election Commission of India]] (ECI) for the AIADMK's [[election symbol]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Biswas|first1=Tanima|last2=Shukla|first2=Shuchi|title=Dinakaran Allotted 50 Crores To Buy AIADMK Symbol, Audio Proof Too: Cops|url=http://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/vk--nephew-ttv-dinakaran-accused-in-case-of-offering-bribe-for-aiadmks-election-symbol-1682216|publisher=[[NDTV]]|date=17 April 2017}}</ref> It is claimed that a middle-man named Sukesh Chandrasekhar, who was raided and arrested in Delhi and was found with 13 million, which was allegedly meant as a bribe for the ECI in exchange for the symbol. Dinakaran has been charged with conspiracy and corruption in the case.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Jha|first1=Rajshekhar|title=More trouble for TTV Dinakaran as Delhi police files bribery case against him|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/more-trouble-for-ttv-dinakaran-as-delhi-police-files-bribery-case-against-him/articleshow/58215945.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=17 April 2017}}</ref> In a recent development, the Tis Hazari Special Court granted him bail<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/aiadmk-symbol-case-delhi-court-grants-bail-to-ttv-dhinakaran/articleshow/58943119.cms|title=AIADMK symbol case: Delhi Court grants bail to TTV Dhinakaran – Times of India ►|accessdate=24 July 2018}}</ref> on the grounds that the police had failed to identify the public official allegedly bribed, accepting the argument made by his lawyer [[Aman Lekhi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/aiadmk-election-symbol-case-ttv-dhinakaran-seeks-bail-police-opposes-it-1705399|title=AIADMK Election Symbol Case: TTV Dhinakaran Seeks Bail, Police Opposes It|accessdate=24 July 2018}}</ref>

== Elections ==
===Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Elections===
T. T. V. Dhinakaran represented Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar in the Tamil Nadu Assembly from 2017 to 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/rk-nagar-byelection-dhinakaran-wins-rk-nagar-bypoll-creates-history-in-tamil-nadu/articleshow/62231256.cms|title=Dhinakaran wins RK Nagar bypoll, creates history in Tamil Nadu|website=The Times of India|accessdate=28 December 2017}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Assembly
!Party
!Constituency
!Result
!Votes gained
!Vote %
|-
|2017 [[By-election]]
|[[15th Tamil Nadu Assembly]]
|Independent
|[[Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar]]
|Winner
|89,013
|50.32%
|-
|2021
|[[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|16th Tamil Nadu Assembly]]
|[[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]]
|[[Kovilpatti (state assembly constituency)|Kovilpatti]]
|Runner-up
|56,153
|31.04%
|}

=== Lok Sabha Elections ===
Dhinakaran won in 1999 and was runner-up in 2004 [[Lok Sabha]] election.<ref>http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf</ref><ref>http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_I_LS_2004.pdf</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Election
!Party
!PC Name
!Result
!Votes gained
!Vote %
|-
|1999
|[[13th Lok Sabha]]
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] 
|[[Periyakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Periyakulam]]
|Winner
|{{formatnum:303881}}
|46.15%
|-
|2004
|[[14th Lok Sabha]]
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] 
|[[Periyakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Periyakulam]]
|Runner-up
|{{formatnum:325696}}
|46.49%
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=112&lastls=13 Official Biographical Sketch in Lok Sabha Website]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dhinakaran, T. T. V.}}
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:13th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:People from Theni district]]
[[Category:Indian political party founders]]
[[Category:Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]

Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam

2022-05-02T17:40:54Z

Snthilakammarist:

{{short description|Indian political party}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian political party
|party_name = Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazhagam
|abbreviation = AMMK
|colorcode = #488b54
| logo =
|president = |general_secretary = [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]]
|treasurer = [[R. Manoharan]]
|founder = [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]]
|foundation = {{Start date and age|2018|03|15|df=y|p=y|br=y}}
|split = [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|headquarters = 15, Westcott Road, [[Royapettah]], [[Chennai]] - 600014, [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
|publication = ''Namadhu MGR'' {{small|(Daily journal)}} ''[[Jaya TV]]'' {{small|(TV channel)}}
|ideology =
|colours = {{Colorsample|Black}} [[Black]] {{Colorsample|White}} [[White]] {{Colorsample|Red}} [[Red]] 
|position =
|eci = [[List of political parties in India#Unrecognised Parties|Registered-Unrecognized]]<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Political Parties and Election Symbols main Notification Dated 18.01.2013|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/OrdersNotifications/ElecSym19012013_eng.pdf|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=9 May 2013|location=India|year=2013}}</ref>
|alliance = AMMK-DMDK alliance: (2019–present)
|national_convener = [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]]
|loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|0|543|hex=#488b54}}
|rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|0|245|hex=#488b54}}
|state_seats_name = [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
|state_seats = {{Composition bar|0|234|hex=#488b54}}
|symbol = [[File:Pressure Cooker symbol.png|120px|Pressure Cooker]]
|website = {{URL|ammkitwing.in/}}
|secretary=[[ Charubala Tondaiman| Sarubala Tondaiman]]}}
The '''Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam''' ({{trans|[[J. Jayalalithaa|Amma]] People [[Progressivism|Progressive]] Federation}}; {{small|abbr.}} '''AMMK''') is an Indian [[Regionalism (politics)|regional]] political party in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]] and union territory of [[Pondicherry]]. The party was founded by [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]] in [[Madurai]] on 15 March 2018 as a breakaway faction of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] T. T. V. Dhinakaran assigned the post of president and general secretary.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/ttv-dinakaran-live-launches-his-party-amma-makkal-munnetra-kazhagam-from-madurai-1689647.html|title=TTV Dinakaran Launches 'Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam'; AIADMK Calls Him a 'Mosquito'|work=News18|access-date=8 March 2019|date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/madurai/ttv-dhinakaran-to-announce-name-of-his-political-party/articleshow/63309388.cms|title=Amma Makkal Munetra Kazhagam- the new party of TTV Dhinakaran|date=15 March 2018|work=The Times of India|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/live-updates-ttv-dinakaran-to-announce-name-of-his-political-party-today-1824031|title=TTV Dhinakaran Launches Own Party, Names It After 'Amma': Highlights|date=24 December 2017|work=NDTV|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref> He was also elected as national convener by his party members.

The headquarters of the party is located at Westcott Road, Royapettah, [[Chennai]], Tamil Nadu.

== History ==
=== RK Nagar by-election ===
In December 2017, Dinakaran contested in RK Nagar by-election and won by a huge margin of 40,707 votes.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/rk-nagar-by-election-results-2017-live-updates-high-profile-jayalalithaa-seat-to-get-new-mla-today-dmk-aiadmk-and-rebel-leader-ttv-dhinakaran-in-fray-elections-4273155.html|title=RK Nagar bypoll result updates: TTV Dhinakaran wins by over 40,000 votes; supporters celebrate victory|date=24 December 2017|work=Firstpost|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref> He became the first independent candidate to win a bypoll in Tamil Nadu and this was the first time in 18 years that a ruling party in the state lost a by-election.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/rk-nagar-byelection-dhinakaran-wins-rk-nagar-bypoll-creates-history-in-tamil-nadu/articleshow/62231256.cms|title=Dhinakaran wins RK Nagar bypoll, creates history in Tamil Nadu |first=Pradeep|last=Kumar|date=24 December 2017|work=The Times of India|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Stalin |first1=J Sam Daniel |last2=Sanyal |first2=Anindita |title=In Huge Blow To AIADMK, TTV Dhinakaran Wins RK Nagar By-Poll: 10 Updates |url=https://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/results-out-today-for-chennais-key-rk-nagar-by-election-10-points-1791526 |access-date=5 February 2021 |work=NDTV.com |date=24 December 2017}}</ref>

=== Formation ===
Following the RK Nagar by-election, On 15 March 2018 at a Public meeting in Madurai, TTV Dinakaran launched the party flag and name as "Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/dhinakaran-launches-party-amma-makkal-munnetra-kazhagam-after-jayalalithaa/|title=Dhinakaran launches party – Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam – after Jayalalithaa|date=15 March 2018|work=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref> It was set up as a breakaway faction of the AIADMK. In February 2019, Actor [[Ranjith (actor)|Ranjith]], resigned the Tamil Nadu state vice-president post in the [[Pattali Makkal Katchi|PMK]] and joined AMMK to register his protest on the PMK's decision to join an alliance led by the AIADMK.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/puducherry/actor-ranjith-joins-ammk-quits-pmk-tn-state-vp-post/articleshow/68192194.cms|title=Actor Ranjith joins AMMK, quits PMK state VP post|date=28 February 2019|work=The Times of India|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref> On 28 March, the AMMK was awarded the gift box symbol.<ref>{{cite news |title=LS polls: Dhinakaran's AMMK gets 'gift pack' as common symbol |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/politics/ls-polls-dhinakarans-ammk-gets-gift-pack-as-common-symbol20190329094105/ |access-date=14 February 2021 |work=ANI News |date=29 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

== Party flag ==
The flag is black at the top and red at the bottom with white in the middle with the smiling image of former [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]] [[J. Jayalalithaa]] in the middle.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/national/dinakaran-launches-new-party-ammk-unveils-party-flag|title=Dhinakaran launches new party AMMK, unveils party flag with Jayalalithaa's image|last=PTI|work=National Herald|language=en|access-date=8 March 2019|date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=15 March 2018|title=TTV Dhinakaran launches new party called AMMK; hoists flag with Jayalalithaa's face|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ttv-dhinakaran-launches-new-party-called-ammk-hoists-flag-with-jayalalithaas-face/videoshow/63311940.cms|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref>

== Electoral performance ==
=== Indian general elections ===

{| class="wikitable"
|+Indian General Elections in Tamil Nadu
|-
! width="75" | Year
! width="200" | Election
! width="200" | Party Leader
! width="100" | Seats Won
! width="100" | Seats Contested
! width="100" | Vote (%)
!Change of Seats
! width="100" | Result
!Popular VOTES
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|[[2019 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu|General election, 2019]]
| [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]]
|0
|37
|5.46
|''No Changes''
| ! style="background:#FFA07A;"| Lost
|22,25,377
|}

===Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly elections===

{| class="wikitable"
|+Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Elections
|-
! width="75" | Year
! width="200" | Election
! width="200" | Party Leader
! width="100" | Seats Won
! width="100" | Seats Contested
! width="100" | Vote (%)
!Change of Seats
! width="100" | Result
!Popular VOTES
|-
|[[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|[[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|Assembly election, 2021]]
| [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]]
|0
|171
|2.36
|''No Changes''
| ! style="background:#FFA07A;"| Lost
|1,088,789
|}

== References ==
<references />

{{Dravidian politics-hor}}
{{Indian political parties}}

[[Category:Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam]]
[[Category:State political parties in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:State political parties in Puducherry]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 2018]]
[[Category:Jayalalithaa]]
[[Category:2018 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]

Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam

2022-05-02T17:39:52Z

Snthilakammarist:

{{short description|Indian political party}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian political party
|party_name = Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazhagam
|abbreviation = AMMK
|colorcode = #488b54
| logo =
|president = |general_secretary = [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]]
|treasurer = [[R. Manoharan]]
|founder = [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]]
|foundation = {{Start date and age|2018|03|15|df=y|p=y|br=y}}
|split = [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|headquarters = 15, Westcott Road, [[Royapettah]], [[Chennai]] - 600014, [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
|publication = ''Namadhu MGR'' {{small|(Daily journal)}} ''[[Jaya TV]]'' {{small|(TV channel)}}
|ideology =
|colours = {{Colorsample|Black}} [[Black]] {{Colorsample|White}} [[White]] {{Colorsample|Red}} [[Red]] 
|position =
|eci = [[List of political parties in India#Unrecognised Parties|Registered-Unrecognized]]<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Political Parties and Election Symbols main Notification Dated 18.01.2013|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/OrdersNotifications/ElecSym19012013_eng.pdf|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=9 May 2013|location=India|year=2013}}</ref>
|alliance = AMMK-DMDK alliance: (2019–present)
|national_convener = [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]]
|loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|0|543|hex=#488b54}}
|rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|0|245|hex=#488b54}}
|state_seats_name = [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
|state_seats = {{Composition bar|0|234|hex=#488b54}}
|symbol = [[File:Pressure Cooker symbol.png|120px|Pressure Cooker]]
|website = {{URL|ammkitwing.in/}}
|secretary=[[ Charubala Tondaiman| Sarubala Tondaiman]]}}
The '''Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam''' ({{trans|[[J. Jayalalithaa|Amma]] People [[Progressivism|Progressive]] Federation}}; {{small|abbr.}} '''AMMK''') is an Indian [[Regionalism (politics)|regional]] political party in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]] and union territory of [[Pondicherry]]. The party was founded by [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]] in [[Madurai]] on 15 March 2018 as a breakaway faction of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] T. T. V. Dhinakaran assigned the post of president and general secretary.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/ttv-dinakaran-live-launches-his-party-amma-makkal-munnetra-kazhagam-from-madurai-1689647.html|title=TTV Dinakaran Launches 'Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam'; AIADMK Calls Him a 'Mosquito'|work=News18|access-date=8 March 2019|date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/madurai/ttv-dhinakaran-to-announce-name-of-his-political-party/articleshow/63309388.cms|title=Amma Makkal Munetra Kazhagam- the new party of TTV Dhinakaran|date=15 March 2018|work=The Times of India|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/live-updates-ttv-dinakaran-to-announce-name-of-his-political-party-today-1824031|title=TTV Dhinakaran Launches Own Party, Names It After 'Amma': Highlights|date=24 December 2017|work=NDTV|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref> He was also elected as national convener by his party members.

The headquarters of the party is located at Westcott Road, Royapettah, [[Chennai]], Tamil Nadu.

== History ==
=== RK Nagar by-election ===
In December 2017, Dinakaran contested in RK Nagar by-election and won by a huge margin of 40,707 votes.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/rk-nagar-by-election-results-2017-live-updates-high-profile-jayalalithaa-seat-to-get-new-mla-today-dmk-aiadmk-and-rebel-leader-ttv-dhinakaran-in-fray-elections-4273155.html|title=RK Nagar bypoll result updates: TTV Dhinakaran wins by over 40,000 votes; supporters celebrate victory|date=24 December 2017|work=Firstpost|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref> He became the first independent candidate to win a bypoll in Tamil Nadu and this was the first time in 18 years that a ruling party in the state lost a by-election.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/rk-nagar-byelection-dhinakaran-wins-rk-nagar-bypoll-creates-history-in-tamil-nadu/articleshow/62231256.cms|title=Dhinakaran wins RK Nagar bypoll, creates history in Tamil Nadu |first=Pradeep|last=Kumar|date=24 December 2017|work=The Times of India|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Stalin |first1=J Sam Daniel |last2=Sanyal |first2=Anindita |title=In Huge Blow To AIADMK, TTV Dhinakaran Wins RK Nagar By-Poll: 10 Updates |url=https://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/results-out-today-for-chennais-key-rk-nagar-by-election-10-points-1791526 |access-date=5 February 2021 |work=NDTV.com |date=24 December 2017}}</ref>

=== Formation ===
Following the RK Nagar by-election, On 15 March 2018 at a Public meeting in Madurai, TTV Dinakaran launched the party flag and name as "Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/dhinakaran-launches-party-amma-makkal-munnetra-kazhagam-after-jayalalithaa/|title=Dhinakaran launches party – Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam – after Jayalalithaa|date=15 March 2018|work=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref> It was set up as a breakaway faction of the AIADMK. In February 2019, Actor [[Ranjith (actor)|Ranjith]], resigned the Tamil Nadu state vice-president post in the [[Pattali Makkal Katchi|PMK]] and joined AMMK to register his protest on the PMK's decision to join an alliance led by the AIADMK.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/puducherry/actor-ranjith-joins-ammk-quits-pmk-tn-state-vp-post/articleshow/68192194.cms|title=Actor Ranjith joins AMMK, quits PMK state VP post|date=28 February 2019|work=The Times of India|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref> On 28 March, the AMMK was awarded the gift box symbol.<ref>{{cite news |title=LS polls: Dhinakaran's AMMK gets 'gift pack' as common symbol |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/politics/ls-polls-dhinakarans-ammk-gets-gift-pack-as-common-symbol20190329094105/ |access-date=14 February 2021 |work=ANI News |date=29 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

== Party flag ==
The flag is black at the top and red at the bottom with white in the middle with the smiling image of former [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]] [[J. Jayalalithaa]] in the middle.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/national/dinakaran-launches-new-party-ammk-unveils-party-flag|title=Dhinakaran launches new party AMMK, unveils party flag with Jayalalithaa's image|last=PTI|work=National Herald|language=en|access-date=8 March 2019|date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=15 March 2018|title=TTV Dhinakaran launches new party called AMMK; hoists flag with Jayalalithaa's face|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ttv-dhinakaran-launches-new-party-called-ammk-hoists-flag-with-jayalalithaas-face/videoshow/63311940.cms|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref>

== Electoral performance ==
=== Indian general elections ===

{| class="wikitable"
|+Indian General Elections in Tamil Nadu
|-
! width="75" | Year
! width="200" | Election
! width="200" | Party Leaders
! width="100" | Seats Won
! width="100" | Seats Contested
! width="100" | Vote (%)
!Change of Seats
! width="100" | Result
!Popular VOTES
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|[[2019 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu|General election, 2019]]
| [[V. K. Sasikala]] and [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]]
|0
|37
|5.46
|''No Changes''
| ! style="background:#FFA07A;"| Lost
|22,25,377
|}

===Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly elections===

{| class="wikitable"
|+Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Elections
|-
! width="75" | Year
! width="200" | Election
! width="200" | Party Leader
! width="100" | Seats Won
! width="100" | Seats Contested
! width="100" | Vote (%)
!Change of Seats
! width="100" | Result
!Popular VOTES
|-
|[[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|[[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|Assembly election, 2021]]
| [[V. K. Sasikala]] and [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]]
|0
|171
|2.36
|''No Changes''
| ! style="background:#FFA07A;"| Lost
|1,088,789
|}

== References ==
<references />

{{Dravidian politics-hor}}
{{Indian political parties}}

[[Category:Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam]]
[[Category:State political parties in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:State political parties in Puducherry]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 2018]]
[[Category:Jayalalithaa]]
[[Category:2018 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]

Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam

2022-05-02T17:39:16Z

Snthilakammarist:

{{short description|Indian political party}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian political party
|party_name = Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazhagam
|abbreviation = AMMK
|colorcode = #488b54
| logo =
|president = |general_secretary = [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]]
|treasurer = [[R. Manoharan]]
|founder = [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]]
|foundation = {{Start date and age|2018|03|15|df=y|p=y|br=y}}
|split = [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|headquarters = 15, Westcott Road, [[Royapettah]], [[Chennai]] - 600014, [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
|publication = ''Namadhu MGR'' {{small|(Daily journal)}} ''[[Jaya TV]]'' {{small|(TV channel)}}
|ideology =
|colours = {{Colorsample|Black}} [[Black]] {{Colorsample|White}} [[White]] {{Colorsample|Red}} [[Red]] 
|position =
|eci = [[List of political parties in India#Unrecognised Parties|Registered-Unrecognized]]<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Political Parties and Election Symbols main Notification Dated 18.01.2013|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/OrdersNotifications/ElecSym19012013_eng.pdf|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=9 May 2013|location=India|year=2013}}</ref>
|alliance = AMMK-DMDK alliance: (2019–present)
|national_convener = [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]]
|loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|0|543|hex=#488b54}}
|rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|0|245|hex=#488b54}}
|state_seats_name = [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
|state_seats = {{Composition bar|0|234|hex=#488b54}}
|symbol = [[File:Pressure Cooker symbol.png|120px|Pressure Cooker]]
|website = {{URL|ammkitwing.in/}}
|secretary=[[ Charubala Tondaiman| Sarubala Tondaiman]]}}
The '''Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam''' ({{trans|[[J. Jayalalithaa|Amma]] People [[Progressivism|Progressive]] Federation}}; {{small|abbr.}} '''AMMK''') is an Indian [[Regionalism (politics)|regional]] political party in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]] and union territory of [[Pondicherry]]. The party was founded by [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]] in [[Madurai]] on 15 March 2018 as a breakaway faction of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] T. T. V. Dhinakaran assigned the post of president and general secretary.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/ttv-dinakaran-live-launches-his-party-amma-makkal-munnetra-kazhagam-from-madurai-1689647.html|title=TTV Dinakaran Launches 'Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam'; AIADMK Calls Him a 'Mosquito'|work=News18|access-date=8 March 2019|date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/madurai/ttv-dhinakaran-to-announce-name-of-his-political-party/articleshow/63309388.cms|title=Amma Makkal Munetra Kazhagam- the new party of TTV Dhinakaran|date=15 March 2018|work=The Times of India|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/live-updates-ttv-dinakaran-to-announce-name-of-his-political-party-today-1824031|title=TTV Dhinakaran Launches Own Party, Names It After 'Amma': Highlights|date=24 December 2017|work=NDTV|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref> He was also elected as national convener by his party members.

The headquarters of the party is located at Westcott Road, Royapettah, [[Chennai]], Tamil Nadu.

== History ==
=== RK Nagar by-election ===
In December 2017, Dinakaran contested in RK Nagar by-election and won by a huge margin of 40,707 votes.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/rk-nagar-by-election-results-2017-live-updates-high-profile-jayalalithaa-seat-to-get-new-mla-today-dmk-aiadmk-and-rebel-leader-ttv-dhinakaran-in-fray-elections-4273155.html|title=RK Nagar bypoll result updates: TTV Dhinakaran wins by over 40,000 votes; supporters celebrate victory|date=24 December 2017|work=Firstpost|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref> He became the first independent candidate to win a bypoll in Tamil Nadu and this was the first time in 18 years that a ruling party in the state lost a by-election.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/rk-nagar-byelection-dhinakaran-wins-rk-nagar-bypoll-creates-history-in-tamil-nadu/articleshow/62231256.cms|title=Dhinakaran wins RK Nagar bypoll, creates history in Tamil Nadu |first=Pradeep|last=Kumar|date=24 December 2017|work=The Times of India|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Stalin |first1=J Sam Daniel |last2=Sanyal |first2=Anindita |title=In Huge Blow To AIADMK, TTV Dhinakaran Wins RK Nagar By-Poll: 10 Updates |url=https://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/results-out-today-for-chennais-key-rk-nagar-by-election-10-points-1791526 |access-date=5 February 2021 |work=NDTV.com |date=24 December 2017}}</ref>

=== Formation ===
Following the RK Nagar by-election, On 15 March 2018 at a Public meeting in Madurai, TTV Dinakaran launched the party flag and name as "Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/dhinakaran-launches-party-amma-makkal-munnetra-kazhagam-after-jayalalithaa/|title=Dhinakaran launches party – Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam – after Jayalalithaa|date=15 March 2018|work=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref> It was set up as a breakaway faction of the AIADMK. In February 2019, Actor [[Ranjith (actor)|Ranjith]], resigned the Tamil Nadu state vice-president post in the [[Pattali Makkal Katchi|PMK]] and joined AMMK to register his protest on the PMK's decision to join an alliance led by the AIADMK.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/puducherry/actor-ranjith-joins-ammk-quits-pmk-tn-state-vp-post/articleshow/68192194.cms|title=Actor Ranjith joins AMMK, quits PMK state VP post|date=28 February 2019|work=The Times of India|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref> On 28 March, the AMMK was awarded the gift box symbol.<ref>{{cite news |title=LS polls: Dhinakaran's AMMK gets 'gift pack' as common symbol |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/politics/ls-polls-dhinakarans-ammk-gets-gift-pack-as-common-symbol20190329094105/ |access-date=14 February 2021 |work=ANI News |date=29 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

== Party flag ==
The flag is black at the top and red at the bottom with white in the middle with the smiling image of former [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]] [[J. Jayalalithaa]] in the middle.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/national/dinakaran-launches-new-party-ammk-unveils-party-flag|title=Dhinakaran launches new party AMMK, unveils party flag with Jayalalithaa's image|last=PTI|work=National Herald|language=en|access-date=8 March 2019|date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=15 March 2018|title=TTV Dhinakaran launches new party called AMMK; hoists flag with Jayalalithaa's face|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ttv-dhinakaran-launches-new-party-called-ammk-hoists-flag-with-jayalalithaas-face/videoshow/63311940.cms|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref>

== Party Leadership ==
'''President'''
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!S.No
!Portrait
!Name {{small|(birth–death)}}
!Tenure
!Duration
|-
|1.|| [[File:VK_Sassikala_01.jpg|75px]] || [[V. K. Sassikala]] (1951-) || 15 March 2018 –[[Incumbent]] || {{age in years and days|2018|3|15|}}
|}
'''General Secretary'''
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!S.No
!Portrait
!Name {{small|(birth–death)}}
!Tenure
!Duration
|-
|1.
|[[File:VK_Sassikala_02.jpg|75px]]
|[[V. K. Sassikala]] (1951-)
|15 March 2018- 19 April 2019
|{{age in years and days|2018|3|15|2019|4|19}}
|-
|2.
|[[File:T.T.V. Dhinakaran.jpg |75px]]
|[[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]] (1963–)
|27 July 2018-[[Incumbent]]
|{{age in years and days|2018|4|19}}
|}

== Electoral performance ==
=== Indian general elections ===

{| class="wikitable"
|+Indian General Elections in Tamil Nadu
|-
! width="75" | Year
! width="200" | Election
! width="200" | Party Leaders
! width="100" | Seats Won
! width="100" | Seats Contested
! width="100" | Vote (%)
!Change of Seats
! width="100" | Result
!Popular VOTES
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|[[2019 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu|General election, 2019]]
| [[V. K. Sasikala]] and [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]]
|0
|37
|5.46
|''No Changes''
| ! style="background:#FFA07A;"| Lost
|22,25,377
|}

===Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly elections===

{| class="wikitable"
|+Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Elections
|-
! width="75" | Year
! width="200" | Election
! width="200" | Party Leader
! width="100" | Seats Won
! width="100" | Seats Contested
! width="100" | Vote (%)
!Change of Seats
! width="100" | Result
!Popular VOTES
|-
|[[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|[[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|Assembly election, 2021]]
| [[V. K. Sasikala]] and [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]]
|0
|171
|2.36
|''No Changes''
| ! style="background:#FFA07A;"| Lost
|1,088,789
|}

== References ==
<references />

{{Dravidian politics-hor}}
{{Indian political parties}}

[[Category:Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam]]
[[Category:State political parties in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:State political parties in Puducherry]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 2018]]
[[Category:Jayalalithaa]]
[[Category:2018 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]

Political families of India

2022-05-02T17:38:20Z

Snthilakammarist:

{{Short description|List of prominent Indian political dynasties}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
'''India''' is a [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary democracy]]. The country's politics has become dynastic, possibly due to the absence of party organizations, independent civil-society associations which mobilize support for a party, and centralized financing of elections.<ref name="ppq.sagepub.com">{{Cite journal|last1=Chhibber⇑|first1=Pradeep|title=Dynastic parties Organization, finance and impact|journal=Party Politics |date=March 2013|volume=19|issue=2|pages=277–295|doi=10.1177/1354068811406995|s2cid=144781444}}</ref> The dynastic phenomenon is present at the national, state, regional, and district level. The [[Nehru–Gandhi family]] has produced [[List of prime ministers of India|three]] [[Prime Minister of India|Indian prime ministers]], and family members have largely led the [[Indian National Congress|Congress party]] since 1978.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Basu|first1=Amrita|editor-last=Chandra |editor-first=Kanchan|title=Democratic Dynasties: State, Party and Family in Contemporary Indian Politics|date=2016|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, UK|isbn=978-1-107-12344-1|page=136|edition=1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tesIDAAAQBAJ&q=sonia&pg=PR10|access-date=23 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110030054/https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=tesIDAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR10&dq=%22political+dynasties%22+india&ots=panvSUPVV9&sig=rBLRMVvTQ2f7mX6q3bm6Gj6eyfw#v=onepage&q=sonia&f=false|archive-date=10 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The ruling [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) also has several senior dynastic leaders. In addition to the major national parties, other national and regional parties such as [[Shiromani Akali Dal]], [[Shiv Sena]], [[Samajwadi Party]], [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]], [[Janata Dal (Secular)|Janata Dal Secular]], [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]], [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]], [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]], [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|AIMIM]], and the [[Nationalist Congress Party]] are dominated by families.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/918234/is-the-bjp-less-dynastic-than-the-congress-not-so-lok-sabha-data-shows|title = Is the BJP less dynastic than the Congress? Not so, Lok Sabha data shows}}</ref><ref name="Chandra2016">{{cite book|author=Kanchan Chandra|title=Democratic Dynasties: State, Party, and Family in Contemporary Indian Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VwbFDAAAQBAJ&pg=PR10|date=28 April 2016|publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-316-59212-0|page=131,136}}</ref>

== {{anchor|Nehru–Gandhi family - [[Indian National Congress| INC ]]}}Nehru–Gandhi family ==
{{Main articles|Nehru–Gandhi family}}
The Nehru–Gandhi family's involvement with the [[Indian National Congress|Congress Party]] began with [[Motilal Nehru]] in the 1920s, when India was still part of the British Empire. The family became more influential under his son, [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], who became a prominent figure in India's nationalist movement. After Jawaharlal's death, his daughter [[Indira Gandhi]] became his political heir (her surname came from her husband, [[Feroze Gandhi]]. The Nehru-Gandhi dynasty has dominated the Congress Party since Indian independence in 1947.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Doing Business in India|last1=Shira|first1=Dezan|last2=Devonshire-Ellis|first2=Chris|publisher=Springer|year=2012|isbn=9783642276170|location=Heidelberg|pages=11}}</ref> The party was defeated in the 2014 elections, however, and high-level defections took place in [[Maharashtra]], [[Assam]], [[West Bengal]], and [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=India's 2014 Elections: A Modi-led BJP Sweep|last=Wallace|first=Paul|publisher=SAGE Publications|year=2015|isbn=9789351505174|location=New Delhi}}</ref> The family still has widespread name recognition.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Political Leadership: Themes, Contexts, and Critiques|last=Foley|first=Michael|publisher=Ocford University Press|year=2013|isbn=9780199685936|location=Oxford|pages=138}}</ref>

=== {{anchor|Nehru-Gandhi Family in Congress}}Congress Party ===
*Motilal Nehru - Freedom fighter, [[politician]] and [[lawyer]]
**Jawaharlal Nehru - Freedom fighter, First Indian [[List of Prime Ministers of India|Prime Minister]], 1947–1964 (son of Motilal)
**[[Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit]] - Member of Parliament, diplomat (daughter of Motilal)
**[[Kamala Nehru]] - Congress Party leader (wife of Jawaharlal)
***Indira Gandhi - Prime Minister, 1966–1977 and 1980–1984 (daughter of Jawaharlal)
****[[Rajiv Gandhi]] - Prime minister, 1984–1989 (son of Indira)
****[[Sonia Gandhi]] - President of the Congress Party, leading it to victory in two successive [[Lok Sabha]] elections<ref>{{cite news|last=Vembu|first=Venky|title=Kalam not being truthful on Sonia-as-PM episode, says Swamy|url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/kalam-not-being-truthful-on-sonia-as-pm-episode-says-swamy|access-date=29 April 2014|newspaper=firstpost.com|date=June 30, 2012}}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> (wife of Rajiv)
*****[[Rahul Gandhi]] - Member of Parliament, Congress Party president (son of Rajiv and Sonia)
*****[[Priyanka Gandhi]] - Congress Party general secretary (daughter of Rajiv)
****[[Sanjay Gandhi]] - Politician (son of Indira)
*****[[Varun Gandhi]] - Former Member of Parliament (son of Sanjay)
****[[Uma Nehru]] - Member of Parliament (cousin of Indira)
*****[[Arun Nehru]] Former minister (nephew of Indira, son of Uma)

=== {{anchor|Nehru-Gandhi Family in BJP}}BJP ===
*[[Maneka Gandhi]] - Cabinet member of [[Narendra Modi]]'s government (widow of Sanjay)
**[[Varun Gandhi]] - Member of Parliament - (son of Sanjay)

== Mahatma Gandhi family ==
{{main|Family of Mahatma Gandhi}}
[[Mahatma Gandhi]] (2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) led the [[Indian independence movement]] in [[British Raj|British-ruled India]]. Gandhi was called the "[[Father of the Nation]]" by [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] on 6 July 1944 in an address on Singapore Radio. On 28 April 1947, [[Sarojini Naidu]] also called Gandhi the Father of the Nation.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-04-03|title=Who named Mahatma Gandhi 'father of nation'? Govt foxed|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lucknow/who-named-mahatma-gandhi-father-of-nation-govt-foxed/story-w1Mo525w6QoETwc93nf3QI.html|access-date=2021-08-06|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

In 1885, Gandhi and his wife [[Kasturba Gandhi|Kasturba]] (née Kasturbai Makhanji Kapadia) had their first baby; the baby survived only a few days. They had four more children, all sons: [[Harilal Gandhi|Harilal]] in 1888, [[Manilal Gandhi|Manilal]] in 1892, [[Ramdas Gandhi|Ramdas]] in 1897, and [[Devdas Gandhi|Devdas]] in 1900.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-01-01|url=http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2011/Jan/engpdf/46-50.pdf#page=58|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101071619/http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2011/Jan/engpdf/46-50.pdf#page=58|title=From Satya to Sadbhavana|url-status=dead|archive-date=2016-01-01|access-date=2021-09-21}}</ref> Gandhi's family has been less active in politics than Nehru's.

=={{anchor|Ambedkar Family}}Ambedkar family==
{{main|Ambedkar family}}
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
* [[B. R. Ambedkar]] (1891-1956) - Father of the [[Constitution of India]], first [[Minister of Law and Justice]], [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]], labour member of the [[Viceroy's Executive Council]], opposition leader in the [[Bombay Legislative Assembly]], member of the [[Bombay Legislative Council]]
** [[Yashwant Ambedkar]] (1912-1977) - Leader of the [[Republican Party of India]], member of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Council]] (son of B. R.)
*** [[Prakash Ambedkar]] - Leader of the [[Vanchit Bahujan Aghadi]], former [[Member of Parliament (India)|Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha MP]] (son of Yashwant)
*** [[Anandraj Ambedkar]] - Leader of the [[Republican Sena]] and the Vanchit Bahujan Aghadi (son of Yashwant)
**** Sujat Ambedkar (born 1995) — Activist, leader of the Vanchit Bahujan Aghadi (son of Prakash)

== {{anchor|Andhra Pradesh|The YSR Family|N.T.R Family|Nara Family|Botsa Family|Kinjarapu Family|Dharmana Family|Paritala Family|Vangaveeti Family|Devineni Family}}Reddy family ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
* [[Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy]] ("YSR"){{snd}}Chief Minister of [[Andhra Pradesh]] from 2004 to 2009
* [[Y. S. Vivekananda Reddy]]{{snd}}[[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]] and [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] from Andhra Pradesh (brother of YSR)
* [[Y. S. Vijayamma]]{{snd}}Chairperson of the YSR Congress Party and MLA in Andhra Pradesh from 2011 to 2014 (wife of YSR)
** [[Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy]]{{snd}}Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh since 30 May 2019
** [[Y. S. Sharmila]]{{snd}}National chairperson of the [[YSR Congress Party]]

== Bihar ==
{{main|Political families of Bihar}}

==={{anchor|Yadav Family}}Yadav family===
*[[Lalu Prasad Yadav]]{{snd}}Former [[List of chief ministers of Bihar|Chief Minister of Bihar]], former Union Railway Minister of [[India]], former Lok Sabha member, president of [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] (RJD)
*[[Rabri Devi]] Yadav — Former CM of Bihar, member of the [[Bihar Legislative Council]] (wife)
**[[Tejashwi Yadav]] — Former [[List of deputy chief ministers of Bihar|Deputy CM of Bihar]], leader of the opposition<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jansatta.com/national/bihar-rjd-leader-tejashwi-yadav-said-deputy-chief-minister-post-is-not-a-constitutional-post/1661394/|title= डिप्टी सीएम का पद संवैधानिक नहीं, सदन बोले तेजस्वी यादव; तारकिशोर प्रसाद को भी हड़काया|website= Jansatta|language=hi |access-date=2021-03-14}}</ref> and member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] (son)
**[[Tej Pratap Yadav]] — Former Minister of Health and Environment in the [[government of Bihar]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hindi.asianetnews.com/bihar-election/bihar-election-result-tej-pratap-yadav-becomes-mla-for-the-second-time-defeating-raj-kumar-asa-qjkzwi|title= तेज प्रताप यादव दूसरी बार बने विधायक, 3 बार से चुनाव जीत रहे राज कुमार को हराया|website= Asianet News|language=hi |access-date=2020-11-10}}</ref> member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly (son)
**[[Misa Bharti]] — [[Rajya Sabha]] member (daughter)

==={{anchor|Mishra Family}}Mishra family===
* [[Lalit Narayan Mishra]]{{snd}}Former Railway Minister of India
* [[Jagannath Mishra]]{{snd}}Former Chief Minister and Union Cabinet Minister (brother of Lalit)
* [[Vijay Kumar Mishra]]{{snd}}MLA, former MP from [[Janata Dal (United)]] (son of Lalit)
* [[Nitish Mishra]]{{snd}}Rural Development Minister and MLA (son of Jagannath)

==={{anchor|Sinha Family}}Sinha family===
*[[Thakur Jugal Kishore Sinha]]{{snd}}Freedom fighter, member of the first Lok Sabha, known as the father of India's cooperative movement
*[[Ram Dulari Sinha]]{{snd}}Freedom fighter, member of the first [[Vidhan Sabha]], former Union Minister and governor (wife)

== Chhattisgarh ==
{{main|Political families of Chhattisgarh}}

=== Jogi family ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[Ajit Jogi]]{{snd}}former [[Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh]]
*[[Renu Jogi]] - MLA from [[Kota, Bilaspur]] (wife of Ajit)

=== Shukla family ===
*[[Shyama Charan Shukla]]{{snd}}[[Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh]]
**[[Amitesh Shukla]]{{snd}}[[Chhattisgarh]] Rural Development Minister, 2002–2003 (son)

=== Kashyap family ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
* [[Baliram Kashyap]]{{snd}}[[Lok Sabha]] MP from [[Bastar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bastar]]
** [[Dinesh Kashyap]]{{snd}}Lok Sabha MP from Bastar (son)

=== Singh family ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
* [[Raman Singh]]{{snd}}Former Chhattisgarh Chief Minister
** [[Abhishek Singh (politician)|Abhishek Singh]]{{snd}}Lok Sabha MP from [[Rajnandgaon (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajnandgaon]] (son)

==={{anchor|The Alemao family}}Alemao family===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[Churchill Alemao]]{{snd}}Fourth [[List of chief ministers of Goa|Chief Minister of Goa]], former MP from [[South Goa (Lok Sabha constituency)|South Goa]] and MLA from [[Navelim (Goa Assembly constituency)|Navelim]], MLA from [[Benaulim (Goa Assembly constituency)|Benaulim]]
*[[Joaquim Alemao]]{{snd}}Former MLA from Benaulim and [[Cuncolim (Goa Assembly constituency)|Cuncolim]] (brother)

==={{anchor|The Bandodkar family}}Bandodkar family===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[Dayanand Bandodkar]]{{snd}}First Chief Minister of Goa, former MLA from [[Mandrem (Goa Assembly constituency)|Mandrem]] and [[Marcaim (Goa Assembly constituency)|Marcaim]]
**[[Shashikala Kakodkar]]{{snd}}Second Chief Minister of Goa, former MLA from [[Ponda (Goa Assembly constituency)|Ponda]], [[Bicholim (Goa Assembly constituency)|Bicholim]] and [[Maem (Goa Assembly constituency)|Maem]] (daughter)

==={{anchor|The Dhavalikar family}}Dhavalikar family===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[Sudin Dhavalikar]]{{snd}}MLA from [[Marcaim (Goa Assembly constituency)|Marcaim]]
*[[Deepak Dhavalikar]]{{snd}}Former MLA from [[Priol (Goa Assembly constituency)|Priol]] (brother)

==={{anchor|The D'Souza family}}D'Souza family===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[Francis D'Souza (politician)|Francis D'Souza]]{{snd}}Former MLA from [[Mapusa (Goa Assembly constituency)|Mapusa]]
**[[Joshua D'Souza]]{{snd}}MLA from Mapusa (son)

==={{anchor|The Gauns family}}Gauns family===
*[[Gurudas Gauns]]{{snd}}Former MLA from [[Pale (Goa Assembly constituency)|Pale]]<ref name="The Gauns family root">{{Cite web|url= https://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/The-Sunday-Roundtable/mla-attributes-victory-to-rane/19272|title=The Gauns family root|website=herald.com}}</ref>
*[[Pratap Prabhakar Gauns|Pratap Gauns]]{{snd}}Former MLA from Pale<ref name="The Gauns family root"/> (brother)

==={{anchor|The Monserrate family}}Monserrate family===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[Atanasio Monserrate]]{{snd}}MLA from [[Panaji (Goa Assembly constituency)|Panaji]], former MLA from [[Taleigao (Goa Assembly constituency)|Taleigao]] and [[St. Cruz (Goa Assembly constituency)|St. Cruz]]
*[[Jennifer Monserrate]]{{snd}}MLA from Taleigao (wife)

==={{anchor|The Rane family}}Rane family===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[Pratapsingh Rane]]{{snd}}Third Chief Minister of Goa, MLA from [[Poriem (Goa Assembly constituency)|Poriem]], former MLA from [[Sattari]]
**[[Vishwajit Pratapsingh Rane]]{{snd}}MLA from [[Valpoi (Goa Assembly constituency)|Valpoi]] (son)

==={{anchor|The Saldanha family}}Saldanha family===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[José Matanhy de Saldanha]]{{snd}}former MLA from [[Cortalim (Goa Assembly constituency)|Cortalim]]
*[[Alina Saldanha]]{{snd}}MLA from Cortalim (wife)

==={{anchor|The Sequeira family}}Sequeira family===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[Jack de Sequeira]]{{snd}}First opposition leader from Goa, former MLA from [[Panaji (Goa Assembly constituency)|Panaji]] and [[St. Cruz (Goa Assembly constituency)|St. Cruz]]
**[[Erasmo de Sequeira]]{{snd}}Former MP from [[South Goa (Lok Sabha constituency)|South Goa]] (son)

==={{anchor|The Vaz family}}Vaz family===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[John Manuel Vaz]]{{snd}}Former MLA from [[Mormugao (Goa Assembly constituency)|Mormugao]]
**Giovanni Karl Vaz{{snd}}Former MLA from Mormugao (son)

==={{anchor|The Zantye family}}Zantye family===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*Harish Narayan Prabhu Zantye{{snd}}Former MP from [[North Goa (Lok Sabha constituency)|North Goa]], former MLA from [[Bicholim (Goa Assembly constituency)|Bicholim]] and [[Maem (Goa Assembly constituency)|Maem]]
**[[Pravin Zantye]]{{snd}}MLA from Maem (son)

==={{anchor|The Chautala Family}}Chautala family===

*[[Chaudhari Devi Lal]] (1914–2001) – [[Deputy Prime Minister of India]] (1989–91), [[Chief Minister of Haryana]] (1977–79 and 1987–1989)
**[[Om Prakash Chautala]] – Former Chief Minister of Haryana (son)
**[[Ranjit Singh Chautala]] – Former MLA and Minister of [[Haryana]] (son)
***[[Abhay Chautala]] – MLA in [[Haryana]] and former MLA in [[Rajasthan]] (son of Om)
***[[Ajay Chautala]] – MLA, Former MP from Haryana (son of Om)
***[[Naina Chautala]] – MLA in Haryana (wife of Ajay)
****[[Dushyant Chautala]] – Current Deputy Chief Minister,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shri Dushyant Chautala {{!}} CMO Haryana|url=https://haryanacmoffice.gov.in/node/52|access-date=2021-04-29|website=haryanacmoffice.gov.in}}</ref> former Member of Parliament from Haryana (son of Ajay)

=== {{anchor|The Jindal Family}}Jindal family ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[Om Prakash Jindal]] (1930–2005) – Minister of Power of Haryana (2005), Lok Sabha member (1996–1997), member of Haryana Legislative Assembly (1991–1996, 2005)
*[[Savitri Jindal]] (1950–) – Member of Haryana Legislative Assembly (2005–), Minister of Power of Haryana 2005–2010 (wife)
**[[Naveen Jindal]] (1970–) – Lok Sabha member 2004–present (son)

==Himachal Pradesh==
==={{anchor|Singh (Raja) Family}}HP Singh family===
*[[Virbhadra Singh]] (23 June 1934 – 8 July 2021), popularly known as Raja Saheb, was [[Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh]], member of the [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]], and a Union Minister in [[Manmohan Singh]] and Indira Gandhi's governments. He was a [[Lok Sabha]] member from [[Mandi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mandi]] and [[Shimla (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shimla]].
*[[Pratibha Singh]] (born 16 July 1956) – Congress Lok Sabha MP from Mandi (wife)
**[[Vikramaditya Singh (Himachal Pradesh politician)|Vikramaditya Singh]] (born 17 October 1989){{snd}}Congress member of the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly (son)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/13th-himachal-pradesh-assembly-vibhadra-singh-vikramaditya-singh-jai-ram-thakur-5017840/|title=Himachal Pradesh Political royal family Father-son duo take oath of office for state assembly|website=theindianexpress.com}}</ref>

==={{anchor|Dhumal Family}}Dhumal family===
*[[Prem Kumar Dhumal]] (born 10 April 1944){{snd}}Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh (March 1998{{snd}}March 2003 and 1 January 2008{{snd}}25 December 2012), former Lok Sabha member from [[Hamirpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hamirpur]]
**[[Anurag Singh Thakur]] (born 24 October 1974){{snd}}Lok Sabha member from Hamirpur, Minister of State for Finance and Corporate Affairs in [[Narendra Modi]]'s government (son)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Anurag-Thakur-takes-over-as-BJP-youth-wing-chief/article16271038.ece|title=CM Prem Kumar Dhumal's son Anurag Thakur takes over as BJP youth wing chief|website=thehindu.com}}</ref>

==={{anchor|Sukh Ram Family}}Sukh Ram family===
*[[Sukh Ram]] (b. 27 July 1927){{snd}}[[Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (India)|Minister of Communications and Information Technology]] from 1993 to 1996 in the [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]] government, Lok Sabha member from [[Mandi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mandi]] and an MLA
**[[Anil Sharma (politician)|Anil Sharma]] (b. 30 June 1956){{snd}}Congress MLA from Mandi in 1993, 2007 and 2012, and a Bharatiya Janata Party MLA in 2017; rejoined the [[Indian National Congress]] in 2019 (son)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha-2019/for-sukhram-life-has-come-full-circle/article27152554.ece|title=For Sukhram life has come full circle|website=thehindu.com}}</ref>

==Jammu and Kashmir==
=== {{anchor|The Abdullah Family}}Abdullah family ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
* [[Sheikh Abdullah]] - [[Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir]]
* [[Begum Akbar Jehan Abdullah]]{{snd}}Member of Parliament (wife)
** [[Sheikh Mustafa Kamal]] - MLA (son of Sheikh Abdullah)
** [[Farooq Abdullah]] - Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir (son of Sheikh Abdullah). Farooq's children:
*** [[Omar Abdullah]] - Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir and former Union Minister, [[Government of India]] (son of Farooq)
*** [[Sara Abdullah]] - Wife of [[Sachin Pilot]] former Deputy Chief Minister of [[Rajasthan]], former Member of Parliament and former Union Minister, Government of India (daughter of Farooq)

=== {{anchor|The Sayeed Family}}Sayeed family ===
{{See also|Saʽid|Sayyid}}
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[Mufti Mohammad Sayeed]] - Former Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir
**[[Mehbooba Mufti]] - Former Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir (daughter)

==Karnataka==
=== {{anchor|Devegowda Family}}Devegowda family ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[H. D. Devegowda]] - Former [[Prime Minister of India]], only prime minister from [[Karnataka]]
**[[H. D. Kumaraswamy]] - Former [[List of chief ministers of Karnataka|Chief Minister of Karnataka]]
**[[H. D. Revanna]] - [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]], former Minister of the [[Karnataka Public Works Department]]
***[[Prajwal Revanna]] - Member of the [[17th Lok Sabha]] from [[Hassan (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hassan]] (son of H. D. Revanna)

== Madhya Pradesh ==
{{main|Political families of Madhya Pradesh}}

=== {{anchor|The Singh Family of Churhat}}Singh family (Churhat) ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[Rao Shiv Bahadur Singh]] (1894–1955) from [[Churhat]]{{snd}}Member of [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]'s cabinet, imprisoned for bribery
**[[Arjun Singh (politician, born 1930)|Arjun Singh]] - Former Union Minister for Human Resources Department and former [[Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh]] (son of Rao)
***[[Ajay Arjun Singh]]{{snd}}Former cabinet minister in the [[Madhya Pradesh]] government and former opposition leader (son of Arjun)

==={{anchor|The [[Chowdhury|Chaudhary]] family of Bhind}}Chaudhary family===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
* [[Chaudhary Dilip Singh Chaturvedi]]{{snd}}MLA from [[Bhind (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bhind]]
** [[Chaudhary Rakesh Singh Chaturvedi]]{{snd}}Former cabinet minister, former leader of the opposition, MLA from Bhind (son)
** [[Mukesh Choudhary (politician)|Chaudhary Mukesh Singh Chaturvedi]]{{snd}}MLA from [[Mehgaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mehgaon]] (son)

=== Chaturvedi family ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[Vidyawati Chaturvedi]]{{snd}}MLA from [[Laundi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Laundi]]
**[[Satyavrat Chaturvedi]]{{snd}}Member of the [[Rajya Sabha]] (son)

=== Nath family ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[Kamal Nath]]{{snd}}Former [[Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh]], former [[Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs|Minister of Urban Development]], former member of the Lok Sabha from [[Chhindwara]]
*[[Alka Nath]]{{snd}}Former MP from Chhindwara (wife)
**[[Nakul Nath]]{{snd}}Member of the Lok Sabha from Chhindwara (son)

=== {{anchor|Singh family}}MP Singh family ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
* [[Balbhadra Singh (politician)|Balbhadra Singh]]{{snd}}MLA from [[Raghogarh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Raghogarh]]
** [[Digvijaya Singh]]{{snd}}15th [[Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh]] (son)
** [[Lakshman Singh (politician)|Lakshman Singh]]{{snd}}MLA from Raghogarh (son)
** [[Mool Singh]]{{snd}}MLA from Raghogarh (nephew)

=== Vajpayee family ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
* [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]{{snd}}10th [[Prime Minister of India]]
** [[Karuna Shukla]]{{snd}}Member of the [[14th Lok Sabha]] (niece)

== Maharashtra ==
{{main|Political families of Maharashtra}}

=== {{anchor|The Thackeray Family}}Thackeray family ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[Uddhav Thackeray]] - Chief Minister of [[Maharashtra]]
**[[Aditya Thackeray]] - Cabinet minister in the [[Government of Maharashtra]] (son)

=== {{anchor|The Pawar Family}}Pawar family ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[Sharad Pawar]] – Former [[Defence Minister of India]] and [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra]]
**[[Supriya Sule]] – Member of the Lok Sabha From [[Baramati]] (daughter)
**[[Ajit Pawar]] – Deputy Chief Minister of [[Maharashtra]] (nephew)

==Odisha==
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
{{main|Political families of Odisha}}
===Patnaik family===
*[[Biju Patnaik]] - Former Chief Minister of [[Odisha]] (earlier known as Orissa)
**[[Naveen Patnaik]] - [[Chief Minister of Odisha]] (son)

===Biswal family===
*[[Basant Kumar Biswal]] - Former Deputy Chief Minister of Odisha
**[[Chiranjib Biswal]] - Former deputy opposition leader of the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]] (son)

==Pondicherry==
=== {{anchor|The [[Reddiar]] Family}}Reddiar family ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[V. Venkatasubha Reddiar]]{{snd}}Former [[Chief Minister of Pondicherry]] and freedom fighter
**[[Vaithilingam|V. Vaithilingam Reddiar]]{{snd}}Former Chief Minister of Pondicherry (son)

=== {{anchor|The Farook family}}Farook family ===
*[[M. O. H. Farook]]{{snd}}Former Chief Minister of Pondicherry
** [[M. O. H. F. Shahjahan]]{{snd}}Former Education Minister of Pondicherry (son)

==Punjab==
{{main|Political families of Punjab, India}}
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
===Badal family===
*[[Prakash Singh Badal]] – Former [[List of chief ministers of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister of Punjab]]
**[[Sukhbir Singh Badal]] – Former Deputy Chief Minister of Punjab, MP (Lok Sabha), president [[Shiromani Akali Dal]] (Badal) (son)
**[[Harsimrat Kaur Badal]] – Member of the Lok Sabha (wife of Sukhbir Singh)
**[[Bikramjit Singh Majithia]] – Former minister, Punjab (brother of Harsimrat Kaur)
***[[Adesh Pratap Singh Kairon]] – Minister, Punjab (son-in-law of Prakash Singh)

===Brar family===
Harcharan Singh Brar-Former Chief Minister & former power minister punjab
** Gurbinder Kaur Brar-Former MP (wife)
** Kanwarjit Singh Brar (sunny)-former MLA (son)
** Karan Kaur Brar former MLA (Daughter in law)
*[[Jaswinder Singh Brar]] – Former Corporate Minister of Punjab
**[[Mantar Singh Brar]] – MLA and Chief Parliamentary Secretary, Punjab SAD (son)

===Singh (Amarinder) family===
*[[Amarinder Singh]]{{snd}}CM Punjab, former Lok Sabha member, member of the [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Preneet Kaur]]{{snd}}Member of the Lok Sabha, former member of the Punjab Legislative Assembly (wife)

==={{anchor|Sidhu Family}}Sidhu family===
*[[Navjot Singh Sidhu]]{{snd}}Member of the [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]], former minister in the [[Amarinder Singh]] government, former [[Lok Sabha]] and [[Rajya Sabha]] member
**[[Navjot Kaur Sidhu]]{{snd}}Former member of the Punjab Legislative Assembly (wife)

==Tamil Nadu==
{{main|Political families of Tamil Nadu}}

===The [[Ramachandran]] Family - AIADMK ===
*[[M.G. Ramachandran]] – Former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
*[[VN Janaki Ramachandran]], wife of above – Former Chief Minister of [[Tamil Nadu]]
=== The [[V. K. Sassikala]] Family - Multi Parties===
***[[V. K. Sassikala|VK Sassikala]], Indian Busniesswoman turned Politician
*** [[M. Natarajan]], Sassikala's husband
*** V. K. Dhivakaran, Founding General Secretary Of Anna Dravidar Kazhagam and brother of VK Sassikala
*** [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]], General Secretary Of Ammk and Sassikala's elder Sister Vanimani's Son
**** [[Anuradha Dhinakaran]] , Dhinakaran's wife.
*** [[V. N. Sudhakaran]], Jayalalithaa's foster son and brother of TTV Dhinakaran
*** T. T. V. Bhaskaran, Founding General Secretary Of Anna Mgr Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam and brother of TTV Dhinakaran
*** J. Illavarsi, Sassikala's brother Jayaraman's widow
*** Vivek Jayaraman, Sassikala's brother Jayaraman's son

===The [[Karunanidhi]] family - DMK===
*[[M. Karunanidhi]] – former Chief Minister of [[Tamil Nadu]]
**[[M. K. Muthu]] (son of [[Karunanidhi]]) – Indian Actor, Singer and Politician.
**[[M.K. Stalin]] (son of [[Karunanidhi]]) – Chief Minister of [[Tamil Nadu]]
***[[Udhayanidhi Stalin]] (son of [[M.K. Stalin]]) – [[Tamil cinema]] producer, actor, politician and MLA.
**[[M.K. Alagiri]], son of Karunanidhi – former Union Minister for Chemicals and Fertilizers
***[[Dayanidhi Azhagiri]], son of Azhagiri – [[Tamil people|Tamil]] cinema producer and distributor.
**[[Kanimozhi]] (daughter of [[Karunanidhi]]) – Member of Parliament, [[Lok Sabha]]
**[[Murasoli Maran]] (nephew of [[Karunanidhi]]) – former Union Minister, [[Government of India]]
***[[Dayanidhi Maran]] (son of Maran) – former Union Minister for Textiles
***[[Kalanidhi Maran]] (son of Maran) – Chairman and Managing Director of [[Sun Group]], which was the most profitable television network in [[Asia]].

===The [[Ramadoss]] Family - PMK===
*[[S. Ramadoss]] – PMK founder, Tamil Nadu politician
**[[Anbumani Ramadoss]] – former Cabinet Minister and [[Member of Parliament]] (MP) from [[Rajya Sabha]]

===The [[Kumaramangalam]] Family [multi-party]===
Kumaramangalam family is in politics for 4 generations (great grandfather, grandfather, father & son and aunt)
*[[P. Subbarayan]] – Premier (Prime Minister) of Madras Presidency, 1926 - 1930.
*[[Radhabai Subbarayan]] (wife of Dr. [[P. Subbarayan]])
**[[Mohan Kumaramangalam]] – Politician of [[Indian National Congress]] and Union Cabinet Minister, [[Government of India]]
***[[Parvathi Krishnan]] – [[Member of Parliament]] (MP) from [[Communist Party]] for 3 terms.
***[[Rangarajan Kumaramangalam]] – Politician of [[Indian National Congress]] and Union Cabinet Minister, [[Government of India]]
***[[Lalitha Kumaramangalam]] – [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) politician
****R. Mohan Kumaramangalam, an alumnus of MIT, USA (grandson of Mohan Kumaramangalam) presently the Working President of [[Tamil Nadu Congress Committee]], President of TN Professional Congress & Coordinator of Southern Chapter (5 states & 1 UT) of AIPC.

=== The Rajagopalachari Family - Congress ===
*Late [[C. Rajagopalachari]], Chief Minister of Madras Presidency (1937–40), [[Madras State]] (1952–54), Governor of [[West Bengal]] (1946–48), Governor-General of India (1948–50). Union Minister in [[Government of India]] (1950–52).
** [[Gopalkrishna Gandhi]], Governor of [[West Bengal]].
** [[C. R. Narasimhan]], Former Member of [[Lok Sabha]] from [[Krishnagiri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Krishnagiri]].

=== The C.P.Ramaswami Iyer family - Congress ===
* [[C. P. Ramaswami Iyer]], Member of [[Madras Legislative Council]] and Diwan of Travancore.
** [[C. R. Pattabhi Raman]], Former Member of [[Lok Sabha]] from [[Kumbakonam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kumbakonam]].

=== The [[Bhaktavatsalam]] Family - Congress ===
* [[M. Bhaktavatsalam]], Chief Minister of [[Madras]] state (1962–1967).
*[[Jayanthi Natarajan]], Former Member of [[Indian Parliament]].

=== The [[G. K. Moopanar]] Family - TMC ===
*Late [[G. K. Moopanar]], Indian politician and founder of the [[Tamil Maanila Congress]].
** [[G. K. Vasan]], Former Union Minister in [[Government of India]].

=== The Vaiko Family - MDMK ===
* [[Vaiko]], founder of the [[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]].
** [[Durai Vaiyapuri]], Internet wing [[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|MDMK]].

=== The [[O. Paneerselvam]] Family - AIADMK ===
*[[O. Paneerselvam]] (Former Chief Minister of [[Tamil Nadu]])
**[[P. Raveendranath Kumar|O. P. Raveendranath Kumar]] [[Member of Parliament]] (Eldest son of O.P.S)

=== The P.T.R Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ===
* [[P. T. Rajan]], Chief Minister of Madras Presidency in 1936.
** [[P. T. R. Palanivel Rajan]], former Speaker of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] and Minister in the State Cabinet.
**[[Palanivel Thiagarajan|P.T.R.Palanivel Thiyagarajan]] , finance minister of [[Tamil Nadu]].

=== The [[Durai Murugan]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ===
*[[Durai Murugan]] (Current Minister for Water Resources of Tamil Nadu)
**[[Kathir Anand]] [[Member of Parliament]] from [[Vellore (Lok Sabha constituency)]] (Only Son of Durai Murugan)

=== The [[T R Balu]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ===
*[[ T R Balu]] [[Member of Parliament]] from [[Sriperumbudur (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
**[[T R B Rajaa]] an MLA from [[Mannargudi]] constituency

=== The [[V. Thangapandian]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ===
*[[V. Thangapandian]] Former MLA [[Aruppukottai (state assembly constituency)]]
**[[Thangam Thennarasu]], Son of [[Thangam Thennarasu|V. Thangapandian]]. Minister for Department of Industries , Tamil Official Language, Tamil Culture and Archeology Minister of Tamil nadu]]
**[[Thamizhachi Thangapandian]], Daughter of [[Thangam Thennarasu|V. Thangapandian]]. She is member of Parliament [[Chennai South (Lok Sabha constituency)]]

===The [[I. Periyasamy]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ===
*[[I. Periyasamy]], 2021 Minister of Co-operation, Government of Tamilnadu.
**[[I P Senthil Kumar]], Son of [[I.Periyasamy]], an MLA from [[Attur (state assembly constituency)]]

=== The [[Anbil P. Dharmalingam]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ===
*[[Anbil P. Dharmalingam]], was one of the founder-members of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK)]]
**[[Anbil Poyyamozhi]], son of Anbil P. Dharmalingam, Former minister of School Education of Tamil Nadu,
***[[Anbil Mahesh Poyyamozhi]], son of Anbil Poyyamozhi a member of Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, Minister for School Education in Tamil Nadu
**[[Anbil Periyasamy]], son of Anbil P. Dharmalingam, Former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu, [[Tiruchirappalli – II]]

===The [[K. Anbazhagan]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ===
*[[K. Anbazhagan]], Former minister of Finance.
**[[A.Vetriazhagan]], Grandson of [[K. Anbazhagan]], an MLA from [[Villivakkam (state assembly constituency)]]

===The [[K. Ponmudy]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]]===
*K. Ponmudy, Minister of Higher Education of Tamil Nadu
**[[Gautham Sigamani]], Son of K.Ponmudy, an MP from [[Kallakurichi (Lok Sabha constituency)]]

===The [[Aladi Aruna]] (alias) V Arunachalam Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ===
*[[Aladi Aruna]], Former Minister of Law
**[[Poongothai Aladi Aruna]], Daughter of Aladi Aruna, Former minister of Tamil Nadu for Information Technology

===The [[N. V. Natarajan]] - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ===
*[[N. V. Natarajan]], founding member of DMK. He was former minister for Labour and Backward classes in Tamil Nadu Government during 1969 - 1975
**[[N. V. N. Somu]] Son of [[N. V. Natarajan]]. He was former Lok Shaba member.
***[[Kanimozhi NVN Somu]] Daughter of [[N. V. N. Somu]] Member of Rajya Shaba from DMK.

===The [[Arcot N. Veeraswami]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ===
*[[Arcot N. Veeraswami]] Former treasurer of DMK, Former Minister of DMK
**[[Kalanidhi Veeraswamy]] Member of Lok Shaba from North Chennai constituency

== Tripura ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
===Tripura Singh family===
* [[Sachindra Lal Singh]] - Former [[chief minister]] of [[Tripura]]
** Asish Lal Singh - State president of [[Trinamool Congress]] (son)

== Uttar Pradesh ==

=== {{anchor|The [[Jadhav#Clan organization|Yadav]] Family}}UP Yadav family ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[Mulayam Singh Yadav]] – former [[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]], former [[Defence Minister of India]]
*[[Shivpal Singh Yadav]] – Minister in the [[government of Uttar Pradesh]] (brother)
*[[Ram Gopal Yadav]] – Minister in the UP government (brother)
**[[Akhilesh Yadav]] – Former chief minister of Uttar Pradesh (son of Mulayam)
**[[Dimple Yadav]] – Lok Sabha MP (daughter-in-Law of Mulayam)

==={{anchor|The [[Singh]] (Kalyan) Family}}Singh (Kalyan) family===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
* [[Kalyan Singh]]{{snd}}Former [[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]] and [[governor of Rajasthan]]
** [[Sandeep Singh (politician)|Sandip Singh]]{{snd}}Minister of State in Uttar Pradesh (grandson)

== West Bengal ==
{{main|Political families of West Bengal}}

=== {{anchor|The [[Subhas Chandra Bose|Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose]] Family}}Subhas Chandra Bose family ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
* [[Subhas Chandra Bose]]{{snd}}Indian nationalist
**[[Subrata Bose]] - [[Member of parliament]] (MP) from Barasat Lok Sabha constituency 2004-2009 (youngest son of [[Sarat Chandra Bose]] and nephew of Subhas Chandra Bose)
**[[Krishna Bose]] - MP from [[Jadavpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jadavpur]] 1996-2004 (wife of [[Sisir Kumar Bose]], Subhas Chandra Bose's nephew)
***[[Sugata Bose]] - Lok Sabha MP from Jadavpur 2014-2019 (Sisir Kumar Bose and Krishna Bose's son)

=== {{anchor|The Dasmunsi Family}}Dasmunsi family ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[Priya Ranjan Dasmunsi]] - Former cabinet minister in the [[government of India]]
*[[Deepa Dasmunsi]] - Former Minister of State for Urban Development in the government of India (wife)

=== {{anchor|The [[Banerjee]] Family of South Kolkata}}Banerjee family ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
* [[Mamata Banerjee]] - Chief Minister of [[West Bengal]]
**[[Abhishek Banerjee (politician)|Abhishek Banerjee]] - MP from [[Diamond Harbour]] constituency (nephew)

=== {{anchor|The Bandopadhyay Family of North Kolkata}}Bandopadhyay family ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
* [[Sudip Bandyopadhyay]] - MP from the Kolkata Uttar constituency
* Nayana Bandyopadhyay - MLA (wife)

=== {{anchor|The Ahmed Family}}Ahmed family ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
* [[Sultan Ahmed (Indian politician)|Sultan Ahmed]] - MP and former Union Minister of State for Tourism Department, government of India
* [[Sajda Ahmed]] - MP from the [[Uluberia]] constituency (wife)
* [[Iqbal Ahmed]] - MLA and former deputy mayor of [[Kolkata]] (brother)

=== {{anchor|The [[Chatterjee]] Family of Bolpur, Birbhum district}}Chatterjee family ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
* [[Nirmal Chandra Chatterjee]] - MP from [[Hooghly (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hoogly]]
* [[Somnath Chatterjee]] - Speaker of the [[Lok Sabha]] and MP from [[Bolpur]] (son)

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:India political families}}
[[Category:Political families of India| ]]
[[Category:India politics-related lists]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian families]]
[[Category:Lists of political families]]

V. K. Sassikala

2022-05-02T17:37:07Z

Snthilakammarist:

{{Short description|Indian Busness woman turned politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = V. K. Sassikala
| image =
| caption =
| office2 = General secretary of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| term_start2 = {{Start date|2016|12|29|df=yes}}
| term_end2 = 12 September 2017<ref name="sasioust" />
| predecessor2 = [[J. Jayalalithaa]]
| successor2 = ''Position abolished'' | deputy2 = [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]]
| birth_name = Vivekanandan Krishnaveni Sasikala
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1954|08|18|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Thiruthuraipoondi]], [[Thiruvarur]], [[Madras State]] (present day [[Tamil Nadu]]), India 
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| nickname ={{hlist|Puratchi Thaai|Chinnamma|Singa Thaaragai}}
| website ={{url|http://puratchithaai.com/}}
| spouse = {{Marriage|[[Draft:M.Natarajan|M. Natarajan]]|1973|2018|end=death}}
| parents = {{Unbulleted_list|Vivekanandan Saluvar|Krishnaveni}}
| relatives = [[Political families of Tamil Nadu#The V. K. Sassikala Family - Multi Parties|Sassikala Family]]
}}
'''Vivekanandan Krishnaveni Sassikala''' {{efn|In 2001 Sasikala appended an additional letter "s" to her name for [[numerological]] reasons.<ref>{{cite news |author= |url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/2001/06/18/name.html |archive-url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/2001/06/18/name.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 18 2001 |title=நியூமராலஜி படி பெயர் மாற்றிய ஜெ.-சசி |date=June 18 2001|newspaper=[[Oneindia Tamil]] |access-date=June 18 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/sassikala-springs-tansi-plot/cid/867014 |title=Sassikala springs Tansi plot |author=R. Venkatraman|work=Telegram Online |access-date=September 25 2002 |archive-url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/sassikala-springs-tansi-plot/cid/867014 |archive-date=September 25 2002 |url-status=dead }}. May 2009.</ref>}} (born 18 August 1954), also known Sasikala Natarajan and VKS, is an Indian businesswoman and politician whose cadre revered her as their "Chinnamma" (Mother's sister) "Puratchi Thaai" (Revolutionary mother). She was a close friend of [[J. Jayalalithaa]], the late [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]], who headed the AIADMK from 1989 until her death in 2016. After Jayalalithaa's death, the party's general council elected her as the secretary general of AIADMK. She Was removed her from the post on 20 August 2017.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2016/dec/29/aiadmk-unanimously-elects-sasikala-as-the-party-general-secretary-1554145--1.html | title=AIADMK unanimously elects Sasikala as the party general secretary | newspaper=[[New Indian Express]] | date=29 December 2016 | accessdate=19 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/sasikala-has-accepted-aiadmk-general-secretary-post-paneerselvam-says/articleshow/56233725.cms | title=Sasikala has accepted AIADMK general secretary post, Paneerselvam says | publisher=[[The Times of India]] | work=Julie Mariappan | date=29 December 2016 | accessdate=19 December 2017}}</ref>

Sassikala was backbone for J Jayalalithaa. On 14 February 2017, a two-bench Supreme Court jury pronounced her guilty and ordered her immediate arrest in a disproportionate-assets case, effectively ending her chief ministerial ambitions. She was released in January 2021, and announced that till Tamilnadu General Election 2021 she will be calm for the good for the AIADMK party.

== Early life ==
Sasikala was born in a Tamil family from [[Chennai]] who later moved to [[Mannargudi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/female-don-how-vk-sasikala-and-mannargudi-mafia-strengtherned-their-clout/story-qPqGAe7vBZ4HbUqwRIJWpL.html|title=How Sasikala and 'Mannargudi mafia' strengthened clout in Tamil Nadu power play}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The rise of Chinnamma|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20170220-sasikala-chinnamma-panneerselvam-aiadmk-jayalalithaa-985733-2017-02-11|access-date=2020-12-04|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> Her marriage to M. Natarajan was presided over by [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] leader [[Karunanidhi|M. Karunanidhi]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.catchnews.com/politics-news/importance-of-being-sasikala-will-jayalalithaa-s-confidante-be-her-heir-1481032645.html |title=Importance of being Sasikala: Will Jayalalithaa's confidante be her heir? |author=Akash Bisht |publisher=CatchNews |date=6 December 2016 }}</ref> Her husband, was a public relations officer in the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]], who worked closely with the [[District Collector]] of [[Cuddalore district|Cuddalore]], [[V. S. Chandralekha]], who in turn was very close to Tamil Nadu Chief Minister [[M. G. Ramachandran]]. This helped Sasikala in gaining the friendship of [[Jayalalithaa]] and shaped her further life.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Singh|first1=Raj|title=The complete story of Jayalalithaa and Sasikala Natarajan|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/politics/national/the-complete-story-of-jayalalithaa-and-sasikala-natarajan-12762.html?page=3|website=indiatvnews.com|publisher=India TV News|access-date=2014-07-07}}</ref>. == Career ==
=== Early career ===
In the early 1980s, through [[V. S. Chandralekha]], who was then the [[District Collector]] of [[South Arcot]], and a friend of [[Draft:M.Natarajan|M.Natarajan]], Sassikala gained acquaintance with Jayalalithaa, who was then the Propaganda Secretary of the [[AIADMK]]. Since Sassikala helped in video coverage of party meetings and distribution of policies of AIADMK through CD's, Sassikala and Jayalalithaa gradually became very close.<ref>{{cite news|title=The many homes of Sasikala Natarajan|date=12 July 1996|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1996/0712shob.htm|first=Shobha|last=Warrier|work=Rediff}}</ref> After MGR's Death Sassikala Only with Jayalalitha.After, JJ Become General Secretary Of Aiadmk And Chief Minister Of Tamil Nadu, Sassikala Become a Powercentre.Jayalalithaa indulged in public displays of wealth, culminating in a lavish wedding for her foster son VN Sudhakaran (VK Sassikala's elder sister son) in 1995. In the 1996 election,AIADMK defeated ;The new Karunanidhi government filed several corruption cases against her and JJ.In June 20, 1996,Sassikala Was arrested for some cases,she had to spend 1 year in jail.in 1997 she was realsed.In 1999,Jayalalithaa appeared in an episode of Rendezvous with Simi Garewal,She tells 'Sassikala Will My Second Mother'.In 2001,Jayalalithaa was disqualified from holding office and forced ,Sassikala Was Suggested [[O. Panneerselvam]] as Chief Minister.In 2006,Sassikala Become Aiadmk General Council Member.
=== Temporary expulsion from AIADMK ===
27 August 1996, Jayalalitha Expelled his long time- associate Sassikala And quoted,'I and Sassikala no longer have any relationship I am most indebted to my friend for giving me spiritual prosperity and love during my difficult times. But I feel that the party is more important than a few individuals as I am compelled to stay away from Sassikala and Sudhakaran completely from you if the party members change'.After 1997 July Sassikala Relesed She Said,“Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Karunanidhi and Union Finance Minister P. Chidambaram acted to seek revenge on Sassikala. He was retaliated against for the sole reason that Sassikala was close to me. Sassikala was not the cause of the 1996 election defeat. I had to break up with Sassikala, who had been with me during the ups and downs of my life, because of issues raised by my opponents within the party. ”On 19 December 2011, Jayalalithaa expelled Sassikala and 13 others including Sassikala's husband [[Draft:M.Natarajan|M. Natarajan]], [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]], their relatives, and Jayalalithaa's foster son V. N. Sudhakaran from the AIADMK.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/jaya-expels-close-aide-sasikala-husband-from-aiadmk/889588/ | title=Jaya expels close aide Sasikala, husband from AIADMK | work=IndianExpress | date=19 December 2011 | access-date=2011-12-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title='I don't know for how many days Sasikala's expulsion will last'|work=Rediff|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-i-dont-know-how-many-days-the-expulsion-will-last-chandralekha/20111222.htm|date=22 December 2011|first=Shobha|last=Warrier}}</ref> This act of Jayalalithaa was considered a way to prove that she was not under the influence of Sassikala and her family. The matter was resolved by 31 March 2012, when Sassikala was reinstated as a party member after issuing a written apology.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article371374.ece |title=Sasikala back at Poes Garden |newspaper=The New Indian Express |date=3 April 2012 |access-date=2013-11-10}}</ref>
=== General Secretary of AIADMK ===
In a meeting held on 29 December 2016 – the first meeting after Jayalalithaa's death on 5 December 2016 – the AIADMK general council selected Sassikala as the party's general secretary.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/V.K.-Sasikala-appointed-as-AIADMK-general-secretary/article16957866.ece |title= V.K. Sasikala appointed as AIADMK general secretary |newspaper=The Hindu |date=29 December 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thequint.com/india/2016/12/31/spent-33-years-looking-after-amma-sasikala-first-public-speech-aiadmk-jayalalithaa-tamil-nadu-chennai |title=Spent 33 Years Looking After Amma: Sasikala's First Public Speech |work=The Quint|date=31 December 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/vk-sasikala-asked-to-explain-her-appointment-as-general-secretary-in-aiadmk-1660722|title=VK Sasikala Asked To Explain Her Appointment As General Secretary In AIADMK|publisher=NDTV.com|access-date=2017-02-19}}</ref>
=== Chief Minister Elect of Tamil Nadu ===
On 5 February 2017, Sassikala was unanimously elected as the AIADMK Legislature Party Leader by a meeting of all the MLAs in the party.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/sasikala-set-to-become-tamil-nadu-chief-minister/article17197392.ece1?google_editors_picks=true|title=Sasikala set to become Tamil Nadu Chief Minister|last=Jesudasan|first=Dennis S.|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-02-27|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/sasikala-natarajan-appointed-legislative-party-leader-of-aiadmk-tamil-nadu-chennai-chief-minister/|title=Sasikala Natarajan appointed as Legislature Party Leader, set to become Chief Minister}}</ref>
Tamil Nadu Governor [[Ch. Vidyasagar Rao]] accepted the resignation of Chief Minister [[O. Panneerselvam]] on 6 February 2017, and instructed him to continue to function as acting Chief Minister "until alternate arrangements are made". The Governor delayed announcing VK Sassikala as the new Chief Minister, waiting for the verdict of the disproportionate assets case on her. On February 14, 2017, VK Sassikala was convicted and sentenced to 4 years sentence in [[Bengaluru]]'s Parappana Agrahara Jail and gave her 24 hours to surrender. The governor, then rejected her claims to become Chief Minister. VK Sassikala then convened the party's MLA council in her capacity as the General Secretary. There,She announced [[Edappadi K. Palanisamy]] was unanimously appointed as the new Chief Minister and he was sworn in the next day.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/tn-governor-accepts-resignation-of-cm-o-panneerselvam-and-his-council-of-ministers/article9523821.ece|title=Governor accepts CMs resignation|website=[[Business Line]]|publisher=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
=== Expulsion ===
On August 21, 2017, it was reported that the AIADMK faction loyal to Chief Minister [[Edappadi K. Palaniswami]], had decided to merge with the faction of [[O. Panneerselvam]], and expel Sassikala as the General Secretary as it was one of the key demands for the merger.<ref name="ccc">{{cite web |title=Sasikala to be expelled from AIADMK, OPS settles for deputy CM |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/sasikala-be-expelled-aiadmk-ops-settles-deputy-cm-67147 |website=The News Minute |access-date=1 December 2018 |date=21 August 2017}}</ref> It was reported on August 28 that Sassikala had been expelled during a party meeting,<ref>{{cite web |last1=NARASIMHAN |first1=T. E. |title=Ruling AIADMK expels Sasikala & Dhinakaran, plans to retrieve Jaya TV |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/ruling-aiadmk-expels-sasikala-dhinakaran-plans-to-retrieve-jaya-tv-117082800333_1.html |website=Business Standard India |date=28 August 2017}}</ref> but this was later clarified to be not true. Among the resolutions passed, the AIADMK declared that Sassikala's appointment as general secretary was disputable and as such, T. T. V. Dhinakaran's appointment as deputy general secretary, as well as his decisions were cancelled. It also decided to celebrate [[M. G. Ramachandran]]'s birth centenary in a lavish manner and keep the party united.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Madhav |first1=Pramodh |title=Sasikala still not expelled after meeting of merged AIADMK factions |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/aiadmk-edappadi-k-palaniswami-o-panneerselvam-resolutions-vk-sasikala-ttv-dinakaran-tamil-nadu-1033064-2017-08-28 |website=India Today |date=28 August 2017}}</ref>

On September 12, the AIADMK general council decided to cancel Sassikala's appointment as general secretary and expelled her from the party, though officials appointed to party posts by her were allowed to continue discharging their functions. Instead, the late J. Jayalalithaa was named the eternal general secretary of AIADMK.<ref name="sasioust">{{cite web |title=AIADMK sacks Sasikala, says Jaya is 'eternal general secretary' |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/120917/sasikala-is-expelled-announces-aiadmk-after-general-council-meet.html |website=Deccan Chronicle|date=12 September 2017}}</ref>
===Re-entering in politics===
The expulsion of Sassikala and her family led to the new parties in 2018 [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]] And Anna Dravidar Kazhagam,[[Anna Mgr Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam]]. [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran|T.T.V.Dhinakaran]] And V.K.Dhivakaran,[[T.T.V.Bhasakar]] was the general secretaries of that parties.<ref name="DMK">{{cite web |title=T.T.V. Dhinakaran launches Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/ttv-dhinakaran-announces-party-name/article23250847./amp/|website=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref>

After being released from jail, Sassikala announced her intention to return to active politics in February 2021. On March 3 however, she announced her decision to quit politics.<ref>{{cite web |title=V K Sasikala says she is quitting politics ahead of Tamil Nadu polls|url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/v-k-sasikala-says-she-is-quitting-politics-ahead-of-tamil-nadu-polls-11614787477346.html |website=Livemint |language=en}}</ref> After that, Sassikala, who was talking to her supporters on her cell phone, went to the memorial of J.Jayalalithaa on October 16, 2021 and started a week-long political tour after paying tribute.She Was Become Ammk president in 2022.
== Conviction ==
{{Main|Disproportionate assets case against Jayalalithaa}}
On 14 February 2017, the [[Supreme Court of India]] found Sassikala and her co-accused — Ilavarasi (her sister-in-law) and V. N. Sudhakaran (her nephew) — guilty of conspiring, laundering and amassing illicit wealth worth about {{INRConvert|66.44|c|year=1996}} in the 1990s in a criminal conspiracy with Jayalalithaa. The three were sentenced to a four-year jail term.<ref name="shell">{{Cite news|last1=Ushinor|first1=Majumdar|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/what-the-sc-said-about-jayalalithaa-she-was-the-source-of-funds-for-shell-compan/297959|title=What The SC Said About Jayalalithaa: She Was The Source Of Funds For Shell Companies|newspaper=[[Outlook India]]|access-date=2017-02-15}}</ref> This restored ''[[in toto]]'' her earlier conviction in the case<ref name="toto">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Jayalalithaa-Sasikala-criminally-conspired-at-Poes-Garden-to-launder-ill-gotten-wealth-SC/article17301596.ece|title=Jayalalithaa, Sasikala criminally conspired at Poes Garden to launder ill-gotten wealth: SC|last=Rajagopal|first=Krishnadas|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2017-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214124736/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Jayalalithaa-Sasikala-criminally-conspired-at-Poes-Garden-to-launder-ill-gotten-wealth-SC/article17301596.ece|archive-date=14 February 2017|location=[[New Delhi]]}}</ref> delivered on 27 September 2014,<ref name="original">{{cite news|title=Justice John D'Cunha: The no-nonsense judge who convicted Jayalalithaa|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/justice-john-dcunha-the-no-nonsense-judge-who-convicted-jayalalithaa-1732877.html|access-date=2017-02-26|work=[[Firstpost]]|date=29 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807225107/http://www.firstpost.com/india/justice-john-dcunha-the-no-nonsense-judge-who-convicted-jayalalithaa-1732877.html|archive-date=7 August 2016|location=[[Bangalore]]}}</ref> sentencing a four-year jail term to her and her relatives, in addition to imposing a fine of {{INRConvert|10|c}} each.<ref name="cunha">{{cite news|last1=Prathima|first1=Nandakumar|title=Justice D'Cunha: A no-nonsense judge who convicted Jayalalithaa, Sasikala in 2014|url=http://www.theweek.in/news/india/justice-d-cunha-jayalalithaa-sasikala-da-case.html|access-date=2017-02-26|work=[[The Week (India)|The Week]]|date=15 February 2017|archive-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215062812/http://www.theweek.in/news/india/justice-d-cunha-jayalalithaa-sasikala-da-case.html}}</ref> The judgment stipulated that she and her accomplices would serve an additional 12 months in prison if they failed to pay the fine.<ref name="judgement">{{cite web|last1=Pinaki Chandra Ghose|last2=Amitava Roy|title=Crl.A.Nos.300–303 of 2017 etc. State of Karnataka Vs. Selvi J.Jayalalitha and Ors. (Judgment in Disproportionate Assets Case) [PDF] – 14-02-2017|url=http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/FileServer/2017-02-14_1487056122.pdf|website=[[Supreme Court of India]]|access-date=2017-02-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227132148/http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/FileServer/2017-02-14_1487056122.pdf|archive-date=27 February 2017|page=70|date=14 February 2017|author1-link=Pinaki Chandra Ghose|author2-link=Amitava Roy}}</ref>

The Supreme Court refused her plea to surrender after a fortnight and to be allowed to have food from home,<ref name="down">{{cite news|title=Sasikala surrenders in Bengaluru, sent to jail|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/sasikala-surrenders-in-bengaluru-sent-to-jail/364491.html|access-date=2017-02-27|work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]|date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218204644/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/sasikala-surrenders-in-bengaluru-sent-to-jail/364491.html|archive-date=18 February 2017|location=[[Chennai]]/[[Bengaluru]]}}</ref> so Sassikala and Ilavarasi presented themselves for imprisonment on 15 February 2017.<ref name="surrender">{{cite news|title=V K Sasikala surrenders in Bengaluru court|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/sasikala-leaves-for-bengaluru-to-surrender-in-court/article9544368.ece|access-date=2017-02-27|work=[[Business Line]]|agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]|publisher=[[The Hindu]]|date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227114808/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/sasikala-leaves-for-bengaluru-to-surrender-in-court/article9544368.ece|archive-date=27 February 2017|location=[[Chennai]]}}</ref> She was released on 27 January 2021 after completion of her term, though being kept at [[Victoria Hospital (Bangalore Medical College)|Victoria Hospital]] for treatment of [[COVID-19]].<ref>{{cite news|title=V.K. Sasikala released from prison after serving 4-year term|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/vk-sasikala-aide-of-the-former-tn-cm-late-jayalalithaa-released-from-prison-after-serving-4-year-jail-term/article33673396.ece|access-date=2021-03-03|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=27 January 2021|location=[[Bangalore]]}}</ref>
==In Popular Culture==
In [[Queen (web series)|Queen Web Series]] Directed By [[Gautham Vasudev Menon|Gautham Meon]] [[Viji Chandrasekhar]] Played a Role 'Suryakala' (2019).Also In [[Thalaivii|Thalaivi]] Movie Directed By [[A. L. Vijay|AL Vijay]] [[Shamna Kasim]] Played a Role 'Sasi' (2021). First In Thalaivi Movie [[Priyamani]] And [[Sai Pallavi]] was considered for the role of Sassikala.Titled The Iron Lady, Director Priyadhaarshini,the assistant director of [[Mysskin]].[[Nithya Menen]] was signed on to play the Jayalalitha's role, while [[Aishwarya Rajesh]] and [[Varalaxmi Sarathkumar]] were in talks for a role for the character of Sassikala.Sasilalitha,Director K Jagadeswara Reddy [[Kajol]] and [[Amala Paul]] to play Jayalalithaa and Sassikala.

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sasikala, V. K.}}
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Tiruvarur district]]
[[Category:Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Indian prisoners and detainees]]
[[Category:Women in Tamil Nadu politics]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Indian politicians convicted of corruption]]
[[Category:Indian politicians disqualified from office]]
[[Category:Indian money launderers]]
[[Category:Criminals from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Businesswomen from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian politicians convicted of crimes]]

M. Karunanidhi

2022-04-30T18:15:20Z

Snthilakammarist: /* Leader of the opposition (1977 – 1983) */

{{short description|Indian politician, former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu}}
{{redirect|Karunanidhi|the actor|A. Karunanidhi}}
{{for|the television channel|Kalaignar TV}}

{{Indian name|Karunanidhi|Muthuvel}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = M. Karunanidhi
| image = M. Karunanidhi 2007.jpg
| caption = Karunanidhi in 2007
| office = 2nd [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]]
| term_start = 13 May 2006
| term_end = 15 May 2011
| governor = [[Surjit Singh Barnala]] (2006-2011)
| deputy = [[M. K. Stalin]] (2009–2011)
| predecessor = [[J. Jayalalithaa]]
| successor = [[J. Jayalalithaa]]
| constituency = [[Chepauk (State Assembly Constituency)|Chepauk]]
| term_start1 = 13 May 1996
| term_end1 = 13 May 2001
| governor1 = [[Marri Chenna Reddy]] (1996) [[Krishan Kant]] ''(Addition Charge)'' (1996-1997) [[M. Fathima Beevi]] (1997-2001)
| predecessor1 = [[J. Jayalalithaa]]
| successor1 = [[J. Jayalalithaa]]
| constituency1 = [[Chepauk (State Assembly Constituency)|Chepauk]]
| term_start2 = 27 January 1989
| term_end2 = 30 January 1991
| governor2 = [[P. C. Alexander]] (1989-1990) [[Surjit Singh Barnala]] (1990-1991)
| predecessor2 = [[President's rule]]
| successor2 = [[President's rule]]
| constituency2 = [[Harbour (State Assembly Constituency)|Chennai Harbour]]
| term_start3 = 10 February 1969
| term_end3 = 31 January 1976
| governor3 = [[Ujjal Singh]] (1969-1971) [[Kodardas Kalidas Shah]] (1971-1976)
| predecessor3 = [[V. R. Nedunchezhiyan]] (Acting)
| successor3 = [[President's rule]]
| constituency3 = [[Saidapet (State Assembly Constituency)|Saidapet]]
| office5 = [[Leader of the Opposition]] in [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| 1blankname5 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata5 = [[M. G. Ramachandran]]
| term_start5 = 25 July 1977
| term_end5 = 18 August 1983
| predecessor5 = [[R. Ponnappan Nadar]]
| successor5 = K. S. G. Haja Shareef
| constituency5 = [[Anna Nagar (state assembly constituency)|Anna Nagar]]
| office11 = President of [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| predecessor11 = ''position established''
| successor11 = [[M. K. Stalin]]
| term_start11 = 27 July 1969
| term_end11 = 7 August 2018
| office12 = [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Member of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start12 = 27 January 1989
| term_end12 = 7 August 2018
| constituency12 = [[Harbour (state assembly constituency)|Harbour]] (1989-1996) [[Chepauk (state assembly constituency)|Chepauk]] (1996-2011) [[Tiruvarur (state assembly constituency)|Thiruvarur]] (2011-2018)
| term_start13 = 1 April 1957
| term_end13 = 18 August 1983
| constituency13 = [[Kulithalai (state assembly constituency)|Kulithalai]] (1957-1962) [[Thanjavur (state assembly constituency)|Thanjavur]] (1962-1967) [[Saidapet (state assembly constituency)|Saidapet]] (1967-1977) [[Anna Nagar (state assembly constituency)|Anna Nagar]] (1977-1983)
| office14 = [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Council|Member of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Council]]
| term_start14 = 30 March 1984<ref>http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/7th_1980/7threview_80-84.pdf 7th Review 1980-84</ref>
| term_end14 = 1 November 1986<ref>[https://indiankanoon.org/doc/195458/ indiankanoon.org].</ref>
| 1blankname14 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata14 = [[M. G. Ramachandran]]
| predecessor14 = K. A. Krishnasway
| successor14 = ''position abolished'' |office15 = [[List of deputy leaders of the opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|1st Deputy Leader of opposition in Tamil Nadu Assembly]] |term_start15 = 29 March 1962 |term_end15 = 28 February 1967 |predecessor15 = ''postion established'' |successor15 = [[Su. Thirunavukkarasar]] | 1blankname15 = Leader

| 1namedata15 = [[V. R. Nedunchezhiyan]] |constituency15 = [[Thanjavur (state assembly constituency)|Thanjavur]]

| birth_name = Muthuvel Karunanidhi
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1924|6|3|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Thirukuvalai]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]] {{smaller|(present-day [[Tamil Nadu]], India)}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|2018|08|07|1924|6|3|df=yes}}<ref name="TOIdeath">{{cite news |last1=Narayan |first1=Pushpa |title=M Karunanidhi, DMK chief and former Tamil Nadu chief minister, dies aged 94|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/m-karunanidhi-dmk-chief-and-former-tamil-nadu-chief-minister-dies-aged-94/articleshow/65309709.cms |access-date=7 August 2018 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issue=7 August 2018}}</ref>
| death_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| nationality = Indian
| resting_place = [[Anna Memorial|Kalaignar Karunanidhi Ninaividam]]
| party = [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| otherparty = [[Justice Party (India)|Justice Party]], [[Dravidar Kazhagam]] (before 1949)
| spouse = {{unbulleted list|{{marriage|Padmavathi Ammal|1944|1948|end=died}} 
{{marriage|Dayalu Ammal|1948}} 
{{marriage|Rajathi Ammal|1966}}}}
| relatives = [[Karunanidhi family]]
| children = 6, including [[M. K. Muthu]], [[M. K. Alagiri]], [[M. K. Stalin]] and [[Kanimozhi Karunanidhi]]
| parents =
| residence = * 15/U-B, [[Gopalapuram, Chennai]]
* 14-I, First Main Road, CIT Colony, [[Mylapore|Mylapore, Chennai]]
| awards = [[Honorary Doctorate]] (1971)
| signature = Karunanidhi Signature.svg
| website = {{url|https://kalaignar.dmk.in/}}
| module = {{transl|en|En uyirinum melana anbu udan pirappukkale }} ("My beloved brothers who are beyond my life")<div style="display:inline-block; margin-top:0.4em;">{{center|}}</div>
| nickname = Kalaignar, Mutthamizh Arignar
}}

'''Muthuvel Karunanidhi''' (3 June 1924 – 7 August 2018) was an Indian writer and politician who served as [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]] for almost two decades over five terms between 1969 and 2011. He was popularly referred to as '''Kalaignar''' (Artist) and '''Mutthamizh Arignar''' (Tamil Scholar) for his contributions to Tamil literature. He had the longest tenure as [[List of chief ministers of Tamil Nadu|Chief Minister Of Tamil Nadu]] with 6,863 days in office. He was also a long-standing leader of the [[Dravidian movement]] and ten-time president of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] political party. Karunanidhi has the record of never losing an election to the Tamil Nadu Assembly, having won 13 times since his first victory in 1957.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Chandrashekhar|first1=Anandi|last2=Vaitheesvaran|first2=Bharani|title=Karunanidhi Death: M Karunanidhi dies at 94, an era ends in Dravidian politics|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/m-karunanidhi-dies-aged-94-an-era-ends-in-dravidian-politics/articleshow/65309822.cms|access-date=2021-12-31}}</ref> Before entering politics, he worked in the [[Tamil cinema|Tamil film industry]] as a screenwriter. He also made contributions to [[Tamil literature]], having written stories, plays, novels, and a multiple-volume memoir.<ref>{{cite news |title=M Karunanidhi: India's 91-year-old politician who is still fighting |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-36253790 |access-date=5 August 2018 |work=[[BBC]] |date=13 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/karunas-kutumbam/468573/0|title=Karunanidhi's Kutumbam|last=Mohan|first=Gopu|date=31 May 2009|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=22 November 2013}}</ref> Karunanidhi died on 7 August 2018 at [[Kauvery Hospital]] in [[Chennai]] after a series of prolonged, age-related illnesses.<ref name="TOIdeath" />

Karunanidhi was born in the Tamil Nadu village of [[Thirukkuvalai]] on June 3, 1924. His parents were from the [[Isai Vellalar]] caste, a caste of musicians that perform at temples and other social gatherings. Growing up in a caste-ridden culture, Karunanidhi was learned about the crippling circumstances that arose from being born into a [[Shudra|low caste]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/research/muthuvel-karunanidhi-from-failing-class-x-to-scripting-the-history-of-modern-tamil-nadu/|title=Muthuvel Karunanidhi: From failing Class X to changing the social fabric of Tamil Nadu|date=August 8, 2018}}</ref> When he was 14, he formed a student movement against the imposition of [[Hindi]] as [[India's National Language|India's national language]] during the [[Anti-Hindi agitation of 1937–40]]. This served as a forerunner to Karunanidhi's wider [[Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu|anti-Hindi demonstrations in 1965]].<ref name="NYT_Abi-Habib" /> As a high school student, Karunanidhi created the Tamil Nadu Tamil Manavar Mandram, the [[Dravidian movement|Dravidian Movement]]'s first student wing. He also started a news paper during his school days, which grew into the ''[[Murasoli (India)|Murasoli]]'', the DMK's official publication.<ref name="CNN-Manveena-Suri">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/08/07/asia/muthuvel-karunanidhi-intl/index.html|title=M. Karunanidhi, Indian political icon, dies at 94|first=Manveena Suri|last=CNN|website=CNN|date=7 August 2018}}</ref> Karunanidhi began participating in theatrical productions at a young age, including composing plays. Later on, he started writing for movies.<ref name="NYT_Abi-Habib">{{Cite news|last=Abi-Habib|first=Maria|date=2018-08-13|title=Muthuvel Karunanidhi, 94, Screenwriter Turned Politician, Dies|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/13/obituaries/muthuvel-karunanidhi-94-screenwriter-turned-politician-dies.html|access-date=2021-12-31|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> As a writer, he wrote screenplays, historical novels, screenplays, biographies, poems and novels.<ref name="BS_Narasimhan">{{Cite news|last=Narasimhan|first=T. E.|date=2018-08-07|title=End of an era: DMK President M Karunanidhi passes away at 94|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/end-of-an-era-dmk-president-m-karunanidhi-passes-away-118080701039_1.html|access-date=2021-12-31}}</ref> He utilized his writing to propagate reformist ideals effectively.<ref name="FT_Kamzin" /> He wrote the script and dialogue for [[M. G. Ramachandran|M.G. Ramachandran's]] (MGR) maiden film as a hero, ''[[Rajakumari (1947 film)|Rajakumari]]''. He also composed the dialogue for Sivaji Ganesan's debut film, ''[[Parasakthi (film)|Parasakthi]]'' which promoted the Dravidian Movement's [[Socialism|socialist]] and rationalist ideas and criticised the exploitative [[Caste system in India|caste structure]] which created a controversy and made the government to try banning the fim.<ref name="BBC-Aug-2018" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=India|first=Press Trust of|date=2018-08-07|title=Karunanidhi: The script writer who wrote Tamil Nadu's destiny|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/karunanidhi-the-script-writer-who-wrote-tamil-nadu-s-destiny-118080701065_1.html|access-date=2021-12-31}}</ref> He was critical of organized religion and superstition<ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-08-08|title=Tamil leader Karunanidhi, crusader for social justice, dies|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/india-politician-idINKBN1KT0GT|access-date=2021-12-31}}</ref> He was an [[Atheism|atheist]] and a self-described [[Rationalism|rationalist]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-08-07|title=M Karunanidhi: Veteran Indian politician dies at 94|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-45002553|access-date=2021-12-31}}</ref><ref name="FT_Kamzin">{{Cite news|last=Kazmin|first=Amy|date=2018-08-10|title=Muthuvel Karunanidhi, Indian politician and screenwriter, 1924-2018|work=Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com/content/a010f052-9b31-11e8-ab77-f854c65a4465|access-date=2021-12-31}}</ref>

Karunanidhi started his political career in 1957, when he was voted to the Madras state legislature. When the DMK first entered the state legislature the following year, he was named treasurer and deputy leader of the opposition. Karunanidhi ascended quickly through the ranks. After the death of [[C. N. Annadurai|C.N. Annadurai]] in 1969, he became the DMK's leader and Chief minister of Tamil Nadu<ref name="CNN-Manveena-Suri" /> and led the party to a landslide win in the 1971 Assembly elections.<ref name="TheHindu_Kolappan.B">{{Cite news|last=Kolappan|first=B.|date=2018-07-27|title=M. Karunanidhi: at the 50th year of being at the helm of DMK|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/m-karunanidhi-50-years-at-the-helm-of-dmk/article24524314.ece|access-date=2021-12-31|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He was influenced by the rationalist and egalitarian ideology of [[Periyar]] and DMK founder C N Annadurai.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/dmk-chief-and-former-tamil-nadu-cm-m-karunanidhi-dies/314652|title=DMK Chief And Former Tamil Nadu CM M Karunanidhi Dies|website=https://www.outlookindia.com/}}</ref> Karunanidhi was among those who fought [[Indira Gandhi]]’s [[The Emergency (India)|Emergency]] in 1975 which led to governments getting dismissed in 1976.<ref name="IE_Titan">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/karunanidhi-dead-tamil-nadu-dmk-mk-stalin-5296780/|title=M Karunanidhi (1924-2018): A Titan Departs|date=August 8, 2018}}</ref> In the 1976 Assembly elections, he gave the Congress 50 percent of the seats, but the partnership fell apart, and MGR prevailed. After MGR's death in 1989, he led the party to power.<ref name="TheHindu_Kolappan.B" /> His administration was dismissed in 1991 for it's alleged links with the [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]] (LTTE).<ref name="IE_Titan" /> He came to power in the state in 1996 after forming a partnership with the [[Tamil Maanila Congress]] and joined the [[United Front (India)|United Front]] led by [[H. D. Deve Gowda|Deve Gowda]] in the center. He joined the BJP in 1999 alliance.<ref name="TheHindu_Kolappan.B" /> He was arrested from his house in 2001 by the police on the orders of [[J. Jayalalithaa|Jayalalitha]] as an act of vendetta over alleged losses in construction of fly-overs.<ref name="frontlineMilestones" /> In the Lok Sabha elections of 2004, he teamed up with the Congress and won by a landslide.<ref name="TheHindu_Kolappan.B" /> He became a chief minister again in 2006.<ref name="IE_Titan" /> In the 2014 Lok Sabha elections, he contested alone and lost. In the Tamil Nadu Assembly, the DMK became the biggest opposition party in 2016. In 2016, he made the DMK become the Tamil Nadu Assembly's biggest opposition party.<ref name="TheHindu_Kolappan.B" />

During his political career, Karunanidhi advocated for increased [[State (polity)|state autonomy]] and [[affirmative action]] to favour lower castes.<ref name="FT_Kamzin" /> He implemented a caste-based quota system for government employment and government school students, as well as subsidies to the poor. His initiatives were quickly adopted in other Indian states. His initiatives earned him popularity among the [[Lower caste|lower castes]].<ref name="NYT_Abi-Habib" /> He was frequently confronted with accusations of [[nepotism]].<ref name="BBC-Aug-2018" /> He has also stirred controversies by publicly supporting the LTTE and other separatist groups in Sri Lanka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/karunanidhi-doyen-dravidian-686169.html|title=Obituary: Karunanidhi, the doyen of Dravidian politics|date=August 7, 2018|website=Deccan Herald}}</ref> During his different tenures, he implemented a number of initiatives aimed at promoting the expansion of industry in the state.<ref name="BS_Narasimhan" /> He was also instrumental in erecting a 133 foot [[Thiruvalluvar Statue|monument of Thiruvalluvar]] in Kanyakumari<ref name="BS_Narasimhan" /> and ensuring classical language status to [[Tamil language]].<ref name="DC-june-14-2018" />

==Early life and family==

Karunanidhi was born on 3 June 1924, in the village of [[Thirukkuvalai]] in [[Nagapattinam district]], [[Madras Presidency]], to Ayyadurai (Grand father) Muthuvel and Anjugam. He had two elder sisters, Periyanayaki and Shanmugasundari.<ref name="Ravishankar20188">{{cite book|last=Ravishankar|first=Sandhya |title=Karunanidhi: A Life in Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wzJVDwAAQBAJ|date=31 May 2018|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers India|isbn=978-93-5277-920-8}}</ref>{{Page needed|date=April 2020}} There was some misconception that his birth name was ''Dakshinamurthy'',<ref name="HTobit">{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/kalaignar-m-karunanidhi-dies-in-chennai-the-dravidan-sun-has-set/story-7f3xqaTm6Qul57dc91iKXM.html|title=Kalaignar Karunanidhi dies in Chennai: The colossus of Dravidian politics|date=7 August 2018|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=7 August 2018}}</ref> later changed to ''Karunanidhi'' as influenced by [[Dravidian movement|Dravidian]] and [[rationalism|rationalist movements]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/kalaignar-m-karunanidhi-dravidian-stalwart-passes-away/article24624489.ece|title=Obituary: M. Karunanidhi, Dravidian stalwart|last=Kolappan|first=B.|date=7 August 2018|work=The Hindu|access-date=9 August 2018|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Anand |first1=S. |title=With Them / Against Them |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/with-them-against-them/218704 |access-date=9 August 2018 |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |date=27 January 2003}}</ref> Karunanidhi himself stated that [[C.N. Annadurai]] asked him to keep his birthname "Karunanidhi", since it is already popular among the people.<ref>{{Cite news|date=30 July 2018|title=கருணாநிதி – பெயர் வந்தது எப்படி?|work=Sun News|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F-_Rgm2ILRY|access-date=30 April 2019}}</ref>{{Additional citation needed|date=April 2020}} In his own writings Karunanidhi said that his family were of the [[Devadasi]] (renamed as [[Isai Vellalar]]) caste, a small community that traditionally played musical instruments at ceremonial occasions;<ref name="Ravishankar20188" /><ref name="HTobit" /> however his political rival [[M. G. Ramachandran]] and some observers contested that and said that he was of [[Telugu people|Telugu ancestry]].<ref>For claims of Karunanidhi's Telugu ancestry see: *{{Cite news|url=http://www.news18.com/blogs/politics/vvp-sharma/after-series-of-outsider-chief-ministers-sasikala-to-be-first-tamil-cm-after-29-years-14329-1345645.html|title=After Series of 'Outsiders', Sasikala to be first Tamil CM in 29 Years|work=[[News18]]|last=Sharma|first=V. V. P.|date=8 February 2017|access-date=9 August 2018}} *{{Cite news|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/nation/no-real-tamil-speaking-leaders-in-tn.html|title=No real Tamil-speaking leaders in TN!|work=[[The Pioneer (India)|The Pioneer]]|last=Chellappan|first=Kumar|date= 23 December 2014|access-date=9 August 2018}} *{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/tamil-pride-what-s-that/story-ohWnEClFyFeYwjAzxax57L.html|title=Tamil pride: What's that?|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=4 May 2006|access-date=9 August 2018}}</ref> Karunanidhi started his education at a local school. Karunanidhi's father was eager to teach him music. His music teachers were from the Isai Vellalar group, and the lessons were conducted in temples where he was not allowed to cover his upper body, wear slippers, or wear a cotton cloth around his hips as a sign of respect for the [[Caste system in India|upper caste]] people. He couldn't tolerate learning in an environment where he wasn't treated with respect which made his father agree to stop his music classes. His father also asked the local headmaster to set up special tutoring courses for Karunanidhi and paid a tuition fee of milk every morning and evening.{{sfn|Panneerselvan|2021|p=25}}<ref name="PanneerselvanFrontline">{{cite web | last=Panneerselvan | first=A.S. | title=Relentless legislator | website=Frontline | date=2018-08-17 | url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/article24703216.ece | access-date=2021-12-09}}</ref><blockquote>My music lessons were actually my first political studies. I learnt about the oppression of humans based on their caste. I saw the delight with which certain individuals could humiliate others, and the self-righteousness of others in carrying out their customs without realizing that they were mistreating a large majority of the people.<ref name="PanneerselvanFrontline" />
</blockquote>

At the age of 12, he left to [[Thiruvarur]] to start his high school.{{sfn|Panneerselvan|2021|p=26}} Karunanidhi started to organize school students for the [[Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu|Anti-Hindi agitations]].{{sfn|Panneerselvan|2021|p=29}} The deaths of two anti-Hindi agitators by the police made a profound impact on him.{{sfn|Panneerselvan|2021|p=31}} At the age of 13, he wrote his first Tamil historical novel titled ''Selvachandira''.<ref name="frontlineMilestones" />

==Entry into politics and early writing career==
Karunanidhi entered politics at the age of 14, inspired by a speech by Alagirisamy of the [[Justice Party (India)|Justice Party]], and participated in [[Anti-Hindi agitations]].<ref name="auto1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/karunanidhis-political-innings-a-timeline/article24616380.ece|title=Karunanidhi's political innings: A timeline|newspaper=The Hindu|date=August 7, 2018|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> As a teenager he was captivated by the political writings of Tamil leaders including [[Panaganti Ramarayaningar|Panagal Arasar]], [[Periyar E. V. Ramasamy|Periyar]] and Pattukottai Azhagirisamy (after whom Karunanidhi later named one of his sons). Karunanidhi joined the [[Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu|anti-Hindi protests]] sparked by the provincial government's legislation making Hindi-education mandatory in schools, and in 1938 organised a group of boys to hold demonstrations travelling around Tiruvarur on a [[cycle rickshaw]]. The law was rescinded in 1939. The taste for activism however stuck and in the ensuing years, after a brief flirtation with [[Communism]], Karunanidhi started following the work and speeches of leaders of [[Justice Party (India)|Justice Party]], [[Self-Respect Movement]] and [[Dravidar Kazhagam]].<ref name="Ravishankar20188" /> According to Karunanidhi, he joined the Periyar's movement when he saw his father hurriedly rising and tied his towel to his waist from his head as a gesture of servitude when a upper caste landlord walked past him.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Srinivasan|first=G.|date=2011-04-12|title=Karunanidhi turns nostalgic|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Karunanidhi-turns-nostalgic/article14679694.ece|access-date=2022-01-01|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

At the age of fifteen, Karunanidhi started his own magazine ''Maanavanesan'' ({{translation|friends of students}}). He along with his friends would make fifty copies of the magazine and circulate it and also sometimes mailed them to the leaders of Self-respect movement.{{sfn|Panneerselvan|2021|p=33}} A politcal activist after reading his magazine asked him to lead the forum for peace, liberty equality and justice, he accepted and became its elected secretary. Later, he dissolved the forum after there was a blatant attempt to convert the forum into as a front of the [[Congress party]]. He refunded the subscription money many refused to take the refund.{{sfn|Panneerselvan|2021|p=34}} Using the rest of seventy five rupees, he started the Tamil Nadu Tamil students association in 1941.{{sfn|Panneerselvan|2021|p=35}} In 1942, the association held an annual function attended by [[Bharathidasan]] [[K. Anbazhagan|K.A Anbazhagan]] and [[K. A. Mathiazhagan]] and student leaders from [[Annamalai University|Annamalai university]]. He couldn't afford to pay for the invitees' and guest speakers' travels and expenditures, so he was forced to steal a gold necklace that his mother had made for him but which he rarely wore, pawned it for 50 rupees, and paid his invitees.{{sfn|Panneerselvan|2021|p=35}}

As his writings were gaining popularity in Thiruvarur, he started ''[[Murasoli (India)|Murasoli]]'' to widen his publishing platform. Its writer and chief editor was Karunanidhi, and its secretary was his friend Thennan. It had a large print run, was mailed to many Tamil political organisations, and was in the forefront of the fight against [[caste]], social isolation, sophistry, and supremacy.{{sfn|Panneerselvan|2021|p=35}} He wrote a critical piece in Murasoli titled "''Varnama, Maanama?"'' in 1944 when a conference was organized by conservatives in support of [[Varna (Hinduism)|varna system]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/murasoli-the-first-child-of-karunanidhi/article24548789.ece|title=Murasoli, the first child of Karunanidhi|first=B.|last=Kolappan|newspaper=The Hindu|date=August 8, 2018|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>{{sfn|Panneerselvan|2021|p=35}} He penned an article named 'Ilamaibali' (Youth Sacrifice) and sent it to C.N Annadurai's ''Dravida Nadu'' magazine. It appeared in the next issue. For a week, he wandered the streets of Thiruvarur with a print in hand, persuading many others to read it. He also penned an article that was never published. Within a week, Annadurai arrived in Thiruvarur for a public gathering and asked for Karunanidhi, he was stunned to find Karunanidhi as an 18 year old school student. He instructed him to cease writing till he completed his education and asked him not to sent any more articles.{{sfn|Panneerselvan|2021|p=36}}<ref name="theprintVAASANTHI">{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/pageturner/excerpt/karunanidhi-failed-board-exams-thrice-annadurai-told-him-to-study-not-write-on-revolution/412840/|title=Karunanidhi failed board exams thrice. Annadurai told him to study, not write on revolution|date=May 3, 2020}}</ref> Karunanidhi refused to go back as a school student.{{sfn|Panneerselvan|2021|p=36}}

He failed three times in his final exams. During the result day, unable to face his family over his third consecutive failure, he left to [[Thopputhurai]] in search of his classmate Asan Abdul Kaathar who consoled him. He then started his passion of writing as a career.{{sfn|Panneerselvan|2021|p=37}} In Thiruvarur, he started writing and staging plays. These plays served as a channel for the Dravidian movement's ideology to spread. In Thiruvarur, he presented a play named ''Palaniappan'' to raise cash for his student association. The total amount collected was only Rs 80, despite the fact that the performance had cost him Rs 200 to stage. He had no idea how he was going to repay the debt he owed to the individuals who were now harassing him for it. He travelled with his friend Thennavan for Nagapattinam, keen to take his chances somewhere else and met with R. V Gopal, a local leader of the Dravidar Kazhagam. Gopal sympathised with his situation but was hesitant to lend him the money but Instead bought the play for Rs 100. The sale of his first play made his to write more ideological plays.{{sfn|Panneerselvan|2021|p=37}}{{sfn|Panneerselvan|2021|p=38}}<ref name="theprintVAASANTHI" />

His parents didn't approve of his writing career. They advised him to look for a job that would pay him at least Rs 50 per month. He was determined on not taking a regular job. Karunanidhi then fell in love with a girl. He was certain that the girl was infatuated with him as well. When he and his family met the girl's parents, they demanded that if a wedding was to take place, it must be performed in the presence of [[Brahmin priest|Brahmin priests]] and [[vedic chanting]]. Karunanidhi rejected, citing his belief in the [[Self-Respect Movement|Self-Respect movement]] as justification.{{sfn|Panneerselvan|2021|p=38}}<ref name="theprintVAASANTHI" />

After marriage, he worked as a play-wright through the help of R.V Gopal who help his earlier with his play.{{sfn|Panneerselvan|2021|p=42}} Their first camp for the troupe was at Villupuram where he was joined by his friends Thennan and C.T Murthy. Their plays failed to bring people even after the attendance of Periyar and Annadurai. The failure was due to their comments against the caste prejudices, the troupe was named "Dravida Theatre group", the term "Dravida" was percived to be a term for [[Dalit|Dalits]] and hence non-Dalits boycotted it.{{sfn|Panneerselvan|2021|p=43}} The troupe started to play in [[Pondicherry]] which was a at the time a hub for social cultural and political change. His plays were an instant success and people started to call him as "Sivaguru", the name of his character.{{sfn|Panneerselvan|2021|p=43}} During his stay in Pondicherry, Karunanidhi penned "''That Pen!''" a criticism of Gandhi and the Congress centred on a pen which was lost from the [[Sabarmati Ashram]], which infuriated the congress workers. He followed up with a piece titled "''What If Gandhi Became Viceroy?''" Later, members of the congress attacked a public gathering in Pondicherry attended by Periyar, Annadurai, and Pattukottai Azhagirisamy. Karunanidhi was chased down and beaten till he fell unconscious. They dropped his unconscious body into the sewers and departed, thinking he was dead. He was nursed back by an old women and taken to Periyar who applied medicines to him and took him to erode along with him where he worked as an assistant editor with Periyar’s ''[[Kudi Arasu]]'' magazine in [[Erode]] for a year.{{sfn|Panneerselvan|2021|p=44}}{{sfn|Panneerselvan|2021|p=45}}{{sfn|Panneerselvan|2021|p=46}}<ref name="Scroll_881373">{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/881373/when-karunanidhi-was-beaten-unconscious-by-congress-workers-for-criticising-gandhi|title=When Karunanidhi was beaten unconscious by Congress workers for criticising Gandhi|first=Sandhya|last=Ravishankar|website=Scroll.in}}</ref>

== Early political career==
Karunanidhi along with a group of young band of Tamil enthusiasts led by Annadurai dissented from [[Dravidar Kazhagam]] and formed the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) on September 17, 1949.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/070818/karunanidhi-dmks-captain-of-50-years-returns-to-pavilion.html|title=Muthuvel Karunanidhi, DMK's captain of 50 years returns to pavilion|first=M. R.|last=Venkatesh|date=August 7, 2018|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>

=== Kallakudi demonstration ===
{{main|Kallakudi demonstration}}
The first major protest that aided Karunanidhi in gaining ground in Tamil politics was his involvement in the [[Kallakudi demonstration]] in [[Kallakudi]] in 1953 when he was 29. The original name of this industrial town was Kallakudi. Kallakudi was renamed as "Dalmiapuram" by the state administration led by [[C. Rajagopalachari|Rajagopalachari]] to commemorate the [[North India|North Indian]] business magnate Ram Krishan Dalmia, who owned a cement factory there.<ref name="Scroll_1924-2018">{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/824295/m-karunanidhi-1924-2018-five-time-tamil-nadu-cm-dravidian-champion-gritty-political-survivor|title=M Karunanidhi (1924-2018): Five-time Tamil Nadu CM, Dravidian champion, gritty political survivor|first=Sruthisagar|last=Yamunan|website=Scroll.in}}</ref> DMK wanted to change the name back to Kallakudi because Ram Krishna Dalmia depicted north Indian hegemonic power and predatory businesses. In the protest Karunanidhi and his companions erased the name Dalmiapuram from the railway station and lay down on the tracks blocking the course of trains. Six people died in the protest and Karunanidhi was arrested and was sent to jail for six months.<ref>[[#Ramaswamy|Ramaswamy 1997]], p. 226</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/how-kallakudi-agitation-became-turning-point-karunanidhi-s-political-life-145744|title=How the Kallakudi agitation became a turning point in Karunanidhi's political life|date=March 23, 2021|website=The News Minute}}</ref>

=== MLA and deputy leader of opposition ===
At the age of 33, Karunanidhi entered the Tamil Nadu assembly by winning the [[Kulithalai]] seat in Tiruchirapalli during the 1957 election among the 15 DMK legislators elected.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/karunanidhi-became-mla-13-times-once-1984-he-didnt-contest-86198|title=Karunanidhi became an MLA 13 times, but once in 1984, he didn't contest|date=August 8, 2018|website=The News Minute}}</ref> During the 1959 elections of the [[Madras Municipal Corporation]], he was managing the party campaigns, the party won 45 out of the 90 contested.<ref name="frontlineMilestones" /> He was elected as DMK treasurer on September 25, 1960.<ref name="frontlineMilestones" /> Karunanidhi was elected to the state assembly for the second time on February 21, 1962, from the [[Thanjavur (state assembly constituency)|Thanjavur constituency]]. He defeated Congress candidate [[A.Y.S. Parisutha Nadar]].<ref name="frontlineMilestones" />In the same year, he became the deputy leader of opposition in the state assembly.<ref name="BBC-Aug-2018">{{Cite news|date=7 August 2018|title=M Karunanidhi: The radical wordsmith who shook up Indian politics|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-45093900|access-date=8 August 2018}}</ref>

During this time, Karunanidhi recognised the necessity for a regular engagement with party cadres. He began sending daily letters to his party members, whom he referred to as udanpirappukal (blood brothers), a practice he followed for fifty years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/books/when-karunanidhi-starred-in-the-anti-hindi-agitation/cid/1778161|title=When Karunanidhi starred in the anti-Hindi agitation|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref>

=== 1965 Anti-Hindi Agitations and imprisonment ===
{{Main|Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu}}
[[Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu|Anti-Hindi agitations in Tamil Nadu]] started when the Union government announced that [[Hindi]] would become the single official language. The DMK, led by CN Annadurai, planned to organise a series of rallies against the action and declared January 26 to be a day of mourning. Chants of 'Hindi Ozhiga, Tamil Vaazhga' (Down with Hindi, long live Tamil) were heard everywhere. Violence continued across the state and several set themselves on fire.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dtnext.in/News/TamilNadu/2018/01/29020437/1060032/An-agitation-to-remember.vpf|title=An agitation to remember|date=January 29, 2018|website=dtNext.in}}</ref><ref name="frontlineMilestones" /> Karunanidhi, the leader of the DMK's anti-Hindi agitation, was arrested on February 16, 1965 and was sentenced to six months imprisonment at the [[Palayamkottai Central Prison|Central Prison in Palayamkottai]].<ref name="frontlineMilestones" /> He was later released at April 15, 1985.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/tamil/india-44974115|title='கலைஞர்' கருணாநிதி: வாழ்க்கை குறிப்பு|newspaper=BBC News தமிழ்}}</ref>

=== Minister of state ===

Annadurai declared Karunnanidhi as a DMK candidate for the February [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election]], at the DMK's State-level meeting at [[Virugambakkam]], Chennai. Karunanidhi, as DMK treasurer, raised 11 lakh rupees for the party's election campaign.<ref name="frontlineMilestones" /> For the first time, the DMK was elected with an absolute majority on February 1967 and Annadurai became the Chief minster.<ref name="frontlineMilestones" /> After being elected to the [[Saidapet (state assembly constituency)|Saidapet Assembly constituency]] in Chennai in March 1967, Karunanidhi was appointed as the Minister of [[Tamil Nadu Public Works Department]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/080818/hard-early-days-shape-m-karunanidhis-cosmopolitan-outlook.html|title=Hard early days shape M Karunanidhi's cosmopolitan outlook|date=August 8, 2018|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>

On 14th January 1969, under CN Annadurai's administration, [[Madras State]] was rechristened as Tamil Nadu. Karunanidhi was in control of five ministries at the time: Transportation, Public Works, Highways, Ports, and Minor Irrigation.<ref name="moneycontrol">{{Cite web|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/india/newsarticle/news_print.php?autono=11276861&sr_no=0&classic=true|title=Moneycontrol.com|website=www.moneycontrol.com}}</ref>

== First term as Chief minister (1969 – 1971)==
{{see also|First Karunanidhi ministry}}
On February 3rd 1969, the existing chief minister Annadurai died of [[cancer]]. On February 9, 1969, the DMK's MLAs chose Karunanidhi to lead the party. He was also chosen as the DMK's legislative assembly leader. Karunanidhi was appointed chief minister on February 10, 1969 the next day and was sworn in by Governor [[Sardar Ujjal Singh]].<ref name="frontlineMilestones" /> Members of the DMK selected him as the leader of the DMK on July 27, 1969, a position that had been kept vacant during Annadurai's tenure in honour of Periyar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2018/aug/08/where-the-legend-of-karunanidhi-began-1854852.html|title=Where the legend of Karunanidhi began|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref name="moneycontrol" />

The six Ministers of Annadurai's Cabinet were kept by Karunanidhi. In addition to his own ministries, Karunanidhi took on the ministries of late Annadurai and [[V. R. Nedunchezhiyan|Nedunchezhiyan]], who had refused to join his cabinet.<ref name="frontlineMilestones" />

He once found himself in a difficult situation in the state Assembly when members of the Congress party and Rajagopalachari's Brahmin-dominated [[Swatantra Party]] hammered him and his amateur ministers with hard questions. Swatantra Party MP [[H. V. Hande|HV Hande]] described his new government as 'third rate.' Karunanidhi sprang up and exclaimed, 'Sorry, this is not third-rate government', This is a fourth-rate government." The house was startled for a few minutes. Some people believed Karunanidhi had admitted to the government's incompetence. Then Karunanidhi indicated that his government of [[Shudra|Shudras]], the lowest caste in the [[Caste system in India|caste hierarchy]] which enraged the opposition.<ref name="Scroll_1924-2018" />

Karunanidhi started sending letters to his party members in Murasoli, opening with the words "Udan pirappe" (My blood brothers). These letters covered a wide range of themes, including the DMK's philosophy, his justifications for various party actions, and encouragements to party members to work very hard throughout electoral campaigns, among other things. Karunanidhi sent around 7,000 of these letters to party leaders between 1969 and his death in December 2016. They were later published in seven volumes.<ref name="frontlineMilestones" />

Karunanidhi sponsored and presided over a State Autonomy Conference in Madras on September 12, 1970, which included Periyar, West Bengal Chief Minister Ajoy Mukherjee, numerous Parliamentarians, and other dignitaries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/how-karunanidhi-pitched-greater-state-autonomy-1970s-151669|title=How Karunanidhi pitched for greater state autonomy in the 1970s|date=July 3, 2021|website=The News Minute}}</ref>

During his tenure, he granted legal status to [[Self-Respect marriages|self-respect marriages]] and implemented a number of other programs aimed at protecting women and children.<ref name="news18+March-11-2019">{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/karunanidhi-the-social-reformer-who-changed-the-landcape-of-tamil-nadu-politics-1837827.html|title=Social Equality was Karunanidhi's Focus During Five Terms as Tamil Nadu CM|date=March 11, 2019|website=News18}}</ref> Karunanidhi's administration established the Sattanathan commission for backward classes in 1969 to recognize underprivileged groups and give them with representation in government employment and educational institutions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/889760/with-pioneering-schemes-karunanidhi-was-a-champion-of-social-justice-both-in-words-and-in-deeds|title=With pioneering schemes, Karunanidhi provided a model for the politics of social justice in India|first=Karthick Ram|last=Manoharan|website=Scroll.in}}</ref> He implemented the "Manu Needhi Thittam", which mandated district officials to set aside a day every week to hear public grievances, and set up grievance redress procedures.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Menon|first=Amarnath K.|title=RIP Kalaignar, a towering torchbearer|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/20180820-a-towering-torchbearer-1309433-2018-08-10|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> Karunanidhi founded the [[Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board]] in September 1970 to build permanent houses for those living in slums.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Powered by 'basic' politics|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2018/aug/13/powered-by-basic-politics-1856858.html|access-date=12 December 2020|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> His government gave free eye surgeries for the blind from the 'Kannoli Thittam"<ref name="thenewsminute-12-December-2020">{{Cite web|date=7 August 2018|title=Self-respect weddings to transgender rights: Karunanidhi, a leader of minorities|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/self-respect-weddings-transgender-rights-karunanidhi-leader-minorities-86159|access-date=12 December 2020|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref> In 1970, he proposed the Tamil Nadu Land Reforms (Reduction of Ceiling on Land) Act, which cut the maximum amount of land a family could possess to 15 standard acres, down from 30 acres under the previous Congress rule.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/m-karunanidhi-1924-2018-an-atheist-who-spoke-of-god-in-the-smile-of-the-poor-5296749/|title=M Karunanidhi (1924-2018): An atheist who spoke of God in the smile of the poor|date=August 8, 2018}}</ref>

== Second term as Chief Minister (1971 – 1976) ==
{{see also|Second Karunanidhi ministry}}
On March 1971, Karunanidhi formed an alliance with the Congress headed by Indira Gandhi, on the precondition that her party will not contest in any Assembly seats. In March 1971, the DMK contests for both the Assembly and the Lok Sabha. The DMK-Congress combination beat the Swatantra Party-Congress (Organisation) alliance led by Kamaraj and Rajagopalachari. The DMK won a landslide victory, with its candidates capturing 184 of the 234 seats on the ballot. Karunanidhi is re-elected as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for the second time. He was elected from Saidapet.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2019/mar/02/when-karunanidhi-and-indira-gandhi-defeated-kamaraj--rajaji-1945612.html|title=When Karunanidhi and Indira Gandhi defeated Kamaraj & Rajaji|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref name="frontlineMilestones" />

Chief Minister M. Karunanidhi dismissed DMK's Treasurer M.G. Ramachandran from the party. He made this decision in response to a request from 26 of the executive council's 31 members. Karunanidhi later described the decision as "painful" at a public platform.<ref name="frontlineWithering">{{Cite web|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/withering-leaves-aiadmk-leadership-crisis/article37299780.ece|title=Withering leaves: AIADMK's leadership crisis|first=Ilangovan|last=Rajasekaran|website=Frontline}}</ref> The DMK send him a requisition accusing him of breaking party rules. MGR said he was banned because he "demanded the party's finances, especially those connected to elections".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Rising-star-The-suspension-that-gave-birth-to-the-AIADMK/article15614155.ece|title=Rising star: The suspension that gave birth to the AIADMK|first=Sunitha|last=Sekar|newspaper=The Hindu|date=October 18, 2016|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> But the finances were submitted to the party executive committee. There had been conflict in the past, with MGR wanting to be Health Minister but Karunanidhi unwilling to satisfy him.<ref name="frontlineMilestones" /> On October 18, 1972, MGR founded the ADMK.<ref name="frontlineWithering" />

M Karunanidhi on 1970 issued an order that he said would "eliminate the thorn in the heart" of social reformer Periyar. The decree made it possible for people of all castes to become priests in public temples. However, the Supreme Court overturned this decision in 1972.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/888558/tamil-nadu-has-appointed-its-first-non-brahmin-priest-finally-fulfilling-karunanidhis-2006-reform|title=Tamil Nadu has appointed its first non-Brahmin priest, finally fulfilling Karunanidhi's 2006 reform|first=Sruthisagar|last=Yamunan|website=Scroll.in}}</ref>

Until 1973, Governors raised the national flag in state capitals on both Republic Day and Independence Day. Karunanidhi protested in February of that year that the Chief Ministers were "ignored" on Independence Day and Republic Day. In view of the Rajamannar Committee's report on Centre-State relations(1969-1971) being submitted at the time, he was reinforcing his call for State autonomy. In July, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi gave in to his demands, announcing that Chief Ministers would now hoist the flag on Independence Day, while Governors would do so on Republic Day. Karunanidhi became the first Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu to raise the national flag at Fort St. George on August 15, 1974.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/karunanidhi-secured-a-precious-right-for-all-the-chief-ministers/article24548803.ece|title=Karunanidhi secured a precious right for all the Chief Ministers|first=T.|last=Ramakrishnan|newspaper=The Hindu|date=August 7, 2018|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

Karunanidhi launched the "Beggar rehabitation scheme" on his 48th birthday on June 3, 1971, and begged for funds for the scheme from shopkeepers near his residence, collecting Rs 3,000 and said "Begging is not an insult to the person doing the begging. But it is an insult to the country and society that made him a beggar."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2021/jul/30/beggars-rehabilitation-scheme-stalin-to-take-up-fathers-long-fought-cause-2337478.html|title=Beggars Rehabilitation Scheme: Stalin to take up father's long-fought cause?|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Karunanidhi established the Government Servants' Family Benefit Fund Scheme to give financial compensation to an employee's relatives in the event that he loses his job owing to permanent complete disability, medical incapacity, or death.<ref name="BS-MK-policies">{{Cite news|last=Jauhri|first=Shivansh|date=2018-08-07|title=Five top socio-economic policies of late DMK leader M Karunanidhi|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/five-top-socio-economic-policies-of-late-dmk-leader-m-karunanidhi-118080701061_1.html|access-date=2021-12-29}}</ref> In 1971, His government increased reservation for BC from 25% to 31% and the reservation for Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) from 16% to 18%. Karunanidhi established a separate Ministry for the Welfare of the backward classs, the first such in the country.<ref name="TheHindu-6000">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/over-6000-farmers-in-coimbatore-to-get-free-power-connection/article37144852.ece|title=Over 6,000 farmers in Coimbatore to get free power connection|newspaper=The Hindu|date=October 23, 2021|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> During 1973, women were first inducted into the police force.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vikatan.com/government-and-politics/politics/134171-tamilnadus-first-women-police-batch-pays-homage-to-karunanidhi|title='கருணாநிதியால் கிடைத்த அங்கீகாரம் இது!' - கண்ணீர் அஞ்சலி செலுத்திய பெண் காவலர்கள்|website=https://www.vikatan.com/}}</ref>

=== The Emergency and government dismissal ===
{{Main|The Emergency (India)}}
He resisted to let the Emergency's on Tamil Nadu for approximately seven months, until his administration was ousted on January 31, 1976. Karunanidhi was a supporter of Jayaparakash Narayan's anti-Emergency campaign and was the first one to ally with his [[Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/an-island-of-democracy/article24703897.ece|title=An island of democracy|first=R. Vijaya|last=Sankar|website=Frontline}}</ref> During an event at Don Bosco School, Karunanidhi stated, "Most likely, this would be my final public function as Chief Minister." He was dismissed before he even got home form the function. This occurred just 50 days before his tenure ended. The DMK suffered a great deal of damage once it was dismissed. 25,000 members of the party including Karunanidhi's close relatives and friends were imprisoned. His maternal uncle [[Murasoli Maran]] and his son [[M. K. Stalin|M.K Stalin]] suffered health issues from torture and [[C. Chittibabu]] died trying to save M.K Stalin in prison.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/tamil-nadu-assembly-polls-2021/story/mk-stalin-s-perseverance-finally-pays-off-as-sun-and-son-rise-in-tamil-nadu-1798184-2021-05-03|title=MK Stalin's perseverance finally pays off as 'sun' and son rise in Tamil Nadu|first1=Priyamvatha P.|last1=ChennaiMay 3|first2=2021UPDATED|last2=May 3|first3=2021 00:15|last3=Ist|website=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dtnext.in/News/City/2018/11/11015810/1095146/How-Emergency-impacted-Madras.vpf|title=How Emergency impacted Madras|date=November 11, 2018|website=dtNext.in}}</ref> He sent 200 rupees a month to their families of jailed DMK members through the party office.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/how-karunanidhi-outwitted-morarji-desai-cs-indira-gandhi/article24629313.ece|title=How Karunanidhi outwitted Morarji Desai, CS, Indira Gandhi|first=D. Suresh|last=Kumar|newspaper=The Hindu|date=August 8, 2018|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

A one man [[Sarkaria Commission]] was established in February 1976 under Supreme Court judge [[Ranjit Singh Sarkaria]], shortly after the Indira Gandhi government ousted the DMK administration after allegations of corruption were made by opposition leader MGR. DMK tried to make out that the investigation was an act of political vendetta. The Sarkaria commission described the evidence on the claims as "cogent, convincing, and reliable."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/on-scientific-corruption-and-recommendation-letters/article29102489.ece|title=On scientific corruption and 'recommendation letters'|first=D. Suresh|last=Kumar|newspaper=The Hindu|date=August 16, 2019|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19770415-sarkaria-commission-karunanidhi-partially-guilty-823648-2014-08-04|title=Sarkaria Commission: Karunanidhi partially guilty|first1=india today digital|last1=August 4|first2=2014 ISSUE DATE|last2=April 15|first3=1977UPDATED|last3=March 25|first4=2015 13:31|last4=Ist|website=India Today}}</ref> Although none of the corruption charges against him were proved.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/karunanidhi-a-visionary-and-a-reformist-pushing-for-social-justice-biographer-vasanthi/1823441|title=Karunanidhi a visionary and a reformist pushing for social justice: Biographer Vasanthi|website=https://www.outlookindia.com/}}</ref>

== Leader of the opposition (1977 – 1983) ==
AIADMK led alliance won 34 seats out of 39 seats in the [[1977 Indian general election]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2019/mar/03/emergency-period-interval-block-for-tamil-nadu-politics-as-admk-enters-fray-1945975.html|title=Emergency period: Interval block for Tamil Nadu politics as ADMK enters fray|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Top party figures such as general secretary Nedunchezhiyan, Rajaram and S. Madhavan quit accusing Karunanidhi for the DMK's failure in the general elections and demanded Karunanidhi to resign as the party's leader.<ref name="frontlineMilestones" /> Later, DMK lost the [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]], Karunanidhi won from Anna Nagar consistency and became the leader of the opposition.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dtnext.in/News/TopNews/2018/08/08033353/1083340/Golden-moments-of-glorious-M-Karunanidhi.vpf|title=Golden moments of glorious M Karunanidhi|date=August 8, 2018|website=dtNext.in}}</ref><ref name="frontlineMilestones" />

On October 29, 1977, DMK supporters brandished black flags and yelled "Go back, Indira!" as she exited the [[Madras Airport|Madras airport]] for dissolving the DMK government in1975. Indira Gandhi's vehicle was unable to pass through the black flag barrier in [[Madurai]]. Karunanidhi violated the police prohibition in Madras and led protests in [[Guindy]]. Karunanidhi and 28 other DMK leaders were detained the next day and were held in judicial custody.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/black-flag-dmks-brahmastra-that-never-missed-the-mark/articleshow/63790557.cms|title=Black flag: DMK's 'brahmastra' that never missed the mark | Chennai News - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref name="frontlineMilestones" />

MGR offered a kind hand to the [[Morarji Desai]] government, while Karunanidhi renewed his alliance with Indira Gandhi. When Indira returned to power following the untimely end of Desai's government, she lost no time in dissolving MGR's cabinet. In the [[1980 Indian general election]] and [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]], the state voted in favour of the AIADMK. MGR was re-elected as Chief Minister.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dtnext.in/News/TopNews/2021/03/03172742/1278460/The-Road-To-Tamil-Nadu-Elections-2021.vpf|title=The Road To Tamil Nadu Elections 2021|date=March 3, 2021|website=dtNext.in}}</ref> Karunanidhi was elected from [[Anna Nagar (state assembly constituency)|Anna Nagar consistency]] again.<ref name="frontlineMilestones" /> In February 1982, Karunanidhi embarked on a week-long [[padayatra]] from Madurai to Tiruchendur, spanning about 200 kilometres, in order to seek 'justice' for Subramania Pillai, a [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]] (HR&CE) officer who was found dead in November 1980. There were allegations that he was assassinated to cover financial misappropriation in the [[Subramaniya Swamy Temple, Tiruchendur|Tiruchendur temple]]. While Chief Minister MGR said the victim died by suicide, the DMK claimed it was an assassination. Karunanidhi walked over 30 kilometres during the day with a large crowd of cadres and leaders, stopping for lunch in small towns along the way. He gave public speeches in the evenings. The number of persons joining the padayatra grew by the day, and it became a topic of conversation in every family. The ruling government alarmed by the DMK's support, appointed a one-man committee chaired by retired judge C.J.R. Paul. The conclusions of the panel were never presented to the Assembly. Karunanidhi was able to obtain a copy of the study and disclosed it to the public in 1982 which revealed the panel's conclusion that Pillai had not committed suicide.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/a-long-march-for-justice/article24637350.ece|title=A long march for 'justice'|first=L.|last=Srikrishna|newspaper=The Hindu|date=August 9, 2018|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
== DMK Leader (1983-1989) ==
Karunanidhi and DMK general secretary [[K. Anbazhagan]] resigned from the State Assembly soon after the [[Black July|1983 anti-Tamil riots in Sri Lanka]] in protest of the union government and state's failure to defend the [[Eelam tamils|Eelam Tamils]] in Sri Lanka. In May 1986, Karunanidhi established the [[Tamil Eelam Supporters Organization|Tamil Eelam Supporters Organisation]] (TESO) and held a major national conclave in Madurai to promote the Tamil aspiration for self-determination in Sri Lanka.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/m-karunanidhi-a-lifelong-warrior-for-sri-lankan-tamil-cause-but-misunderstood-in-the-end/article24548728.ece|title=M. Karunanidhi: A lifelong warrior for Sri Lankan Tamil cause, but misunderstood in the end|first=K.|last=Venkataramanan|newspaper=The Hindu|date=August 7, 2018|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2020/mar/07/from-tiruvarur-to-marina-the-platinum-jubilee-friendship-of-karunanidhi-and-anbazhagan-2113692.html|title=From Tiruvarur to Marina: The platinum jubilee friendship of Karunanidhi and Anbazhagan|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

Soon after AIADMK's election win in 1980, Congress abandoned its ally DMK and allied with AIADMK. The 1984 elections took place against the backdrop of Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi's assassination]]. In December 1984, contested as allies in both Lok Sabha and the State Assembly which conducted together and were carried to victory by the sympathy generated for Indira Gandhi and MGR who was undergoing a Kidney transplant in New york. After being voted to the legislative council in April 1984, Karunanidhi decided to skip the elections.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2021/apr/28/from-the-archives-when-mgr-sailed-on-sympathy-in1984-polls-2295720.html|title=From the archives: When MGR sailed on sympathy in 1984 polls|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/dravidian-chronicles-1984-year-karunanidhi-skipped-election-42683|title=Dravidian Chronicles: 1984- The year Karunanidhi skipped an election|date=May 4, 2016|website=The News Minute}}</ref> In 1986, the MLC was however abolished by the then Chief Minister, the late MG Ramachandran.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thefederal.com/states/south/tamil-nadu/debate-over-reviving-tns-madras-legislative-council-hots-up/|title=Debate over reviving Tamil Nadu Legislative Council hots up|date=April 11, 2021|website=The Federal}}</ref>

Karunanidhi was instrumental in bringing the seven-party National Front together in Chennai on October 1988. With a plea for social justice, he backed Vishwanath Pratap Singh and his announcement of the Mandal Commission Report.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/karunanidhi-was-the-last-warrior-of-tamil-nadu-s-dravidian-politics/story-NcfkQOBxyngskKwOy3FA2H.html|title=Karunanidhi was the last warrior of Tamil Nadu's Dravidian politics|date=August 8, 2018|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> Earlier on September 17 1988, he organized a large rally in Chennai with largely DMK members and a public meeting to commemorate the National Front's formation. It was the largest rally Chennai has ever seen.<ref name="frontlineMilestones" /> It's inauguration was attended by 20 top national opposition leaders, including three non-Congress(I) chief ministers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19881015-seven-party-national-front-formally-launched-in-madras-797802-1988-10-15|title=Seven party National Front formally launched in Madras|first1=Prabhu Chawla|last1=October 15|first2=1988 ISSUE DATE|last2=October 15|first3=1988UPDATED|last3=November 20|first4=2013 12:23|last4=Ist|website=India Today}}</ref>

== Third term as Chief minister (1989 – 1991) ==
{{see also|Third Karunanidhi ministry}}
After a 13-year break, the DMK returned to power in 1989. Following MGR's death from a heart attack, the AIADMK split into two. The late Chief Minister MG Ramachandran's wife Janaki Ramachandran led one faction, while J Jayalalithaa led another that helped the DMK. With about 33% of the vote, the DMK was able to secure a solid majority of 151 seats.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2021/apr/29/from-the-archives-when-dmk-stormed-to-power-in-tn-after-13-years-2296195.html|title=From the archives: When DMK stormed to power in TN after 13 years|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Karunandihi was elected Chief Minister for the third time from Chennai's Harbour constituency.<ref name="frontlineMilestones" />

Karunanidhi allowed the LTTE to use Tamil Nadu as a rear base for its battle for Eelam Between 1989 and 1991, even after Prabhakaran took up arms against the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF). Karunanidhi accused the Indian soldiers of rape and massacre of Tamils in Sri Lanka and refused to receive the returning soldiers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/m-karunanidhi-majestic-political-career-dotted-mistakes-86172|title=M Karunanidhi: A majestic political career dotted by mistakes|date=August 8, 2018|website=The News Minute}}</ref> The Karunanidhi administration is then dismissed and placed under presidents rule by the Chandra Shekhar led union government after only two years of its five-year tenure due to its inability to act against Sri Lankan Tamil militants. Despite Governor S.S. Barnala's unwillingness to report to the Union Cabinet that Tamil Nadu's constitutional apparatus had broken down, the government has been dismissed.<ref name="frontlineMilestones" />

He enacted legislations which provided financial assistance to widows and inter-caste weddings.<ref name="news18+March-11-2019" /> In 1989, Karunanidhi passed a law giving equal rights to women in family properties.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thefederal.com/news/tn-did-30-years-ago-what-sc-ordered-on-aug-11-but-has-it-helped/|title=TN did 30 years ago what SC ordered on Aug 11. But has it helped?|first=Jayaseelan K.|last=S|date=August 13, 2020|website=The Federal}}</ref> In 1989, Tamil Nadu became the first state to reserve 30% of government jobs for women.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/madras-hc-upholds-30-quota-for-women/articleshow/4818348.cms|title=Madras HC upholds 30% quota for women | India News - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref> After announcing on November 17, 1990 that his government would give free power connection, he followed it up with a Government Order giving power connection to 12.40 lakh farmers.<ref name="TheHindu-6000" /> Women's self-help groups were first established in 1989 in [[Dharmapuri]] to integrate women and increase self-employment opportunities.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kumar|first=Veera|date=9 August 2018|title=கருணாநிதி அப்படி என்ன சாதனைகள் செய்தார் என்று கேட்பவரா நீங்கள்? அப்போ இது உங்களுக்குத்தான்|url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/tamilnadu/karunanidhi-top-achievements-327041.html|access-date=12 December 2020|website=OneIndia|language=ta}}</ref> In 1990, Karunanidhi separated reservation for [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST)]] which gave 1% separate quota for STs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/how-tamil-nadu-s-reservation-stands-69-despite-50-quota-cap-146116|title=How Tamil Nadu's reservation stands at 69% despite the 50% quota cap|date=March 29, 2021|website=The News Minute}}</ref>

== Leader of the DMK (1991 – 1996) ==
[[Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi]] by the LTTE took place during the electoral campaign for the [[1991 Indian general election]]s. The DMK was accused in the incident, mobs vandalised the properties of DMK members and functionaries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2019/mar/08/amid-political-turmoil-jayalalithaa-becomes-tns-1st-woman-cm-in-1991-1948270.html|title=Amid political turmoil, Jayalalithaa becomes TN's first woman CM in 1991|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> The allies AIADMK and the Congress campaigned together and spread propaganda claiming that the DMK was to responsible for Rajiv Gandhi's assassination and it worked. The AIADMK-Congress coalition won a decisive win in the Assembly elections on June 24, 1991, and Jayalalithaa is elected Chief Minister for the first time. Except for Karunanidhi, all DMK candidates lost in the elections.<ref name="frontlineMilestones" />

Following the [[Demolition of the Babri Masjid|Demolition of the Babri Masjid in 1992]], the DMK began holding rallies and public gatherings criticizing the inrentions of Kar sevaks. On 5 December 1992, Karunanidhi stated in Murasoli: "What does Kar Seva mean? God's service? Or The service of planting the seeds of unrest?".<ref name="BS-2018-08">{{Cite news|last=Wire|first=Sandhya Ravishankar ! The|date=2018-08-08|title=The one alliance Karunanidhi regretted in six-decade long political career|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/the-one-alliance-karunanidhi-regretted-in-six-decade-long-political-career-118080800490_1.html|access-date=2021-12-31}}</ref>

== Fourth term as Chief minister (1996 – 2001 ) ==
{{see also|Fourth Karunanidhi ministry}}
In 1996, he formed an alliance with the [[Tamil Maanila Congress]], led by [[G. K. Moopanar|G.K. Moopanar]], and was elected Chief Minister for the fourth time in the state. At the Centre, he joined the Deve Gowda-led United Front government.<ref name="auto1" /> Karunanidhi's party, which had only two seats in the 1991 elections got 173 MPs, nine more than the AIADMK had the year before.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-others/article29020825.ece|title=Advantage Jayalalitha?|website=@businessline}}</ref>

In 1999, Karunanidhi made his most significant ideological concession. The DMK joined the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance to fight the elections, portraying Vajpayee as a softer ideological character than LK Advani. The National Democratic Alliance won the elections.<ref name="Scroll_1924-2018" /> Following the DMK's support of the BJP, the TMC, CPI(M), and CPI withdrew.<ref name="Frontline-Jreturn">{{Cite web|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/article30250676.ece|title=The return of Jayalalitha|first=T. S. SUBRAMANIAN in|last=Chennai|website=Frontline}}</ref> The alliance with the BJP put him under increased pressure from both within and outside of the party. Following the [[2002 Gujarat riots]], Karunanidhi stated that both DMK and BJP were simply partners in the NDA and that the DMK had no intention of forming an alliance with the BJP. "We are not affiliated with the BJP." We are members of the NDA, and so is the BJP. That's it. So, where does the matter of forming an alliance with the BJP stand?".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/one-who-set-the-agenda-for-half-a-century/article24703639.ece|title=One who set the agenda for half a century|first=R.|last=Ramasubramanian|website=Frontline}}</ref> Later, A Raja said that Karunanidhi told him that he regretted the alliance.<ref name="BS-2018-08" />

He had to deal with caste animosity in numerous districts of Tamil Nadu throughout his tenure.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Venkataramanan|first=K.|date=2018-08-07|title=Karunanidhi — a champion of social justice, caste amity|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/championing-social-justice-caste-amity/article24548715.ece|access-date=2021-12-31|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
[[File:Anna Centenary Library Exterior.jpg|thumb|The [[Anna Centenary Library]] bulit by the implementation of Karunanidhi]]
In 1996-97, Karunanidhi introduced the free bus pass system, which exempted [[State school|government school]] and college students from paying for a ticket while giving private school and college students a 50% discount.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/tamil-nadu-school-students-can-use-old-bus-passes-till-new-ones-are-distributed/articleshow/69621236.cms|title=Tamil Nadu school students can use old bus passes till new ones are distributed | Chennai News - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref> Karunanidhi devised the Uzhavar Sandhai plan in 1999, which aims to promote farmer-to-consumer communication and remove the middleman and helped farmers gain more remuneration.<ref name="BS-MK-policies" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2021/aug/15/10-years-on-new-lease-of-life-for-kalaignars-uzhavar-santhai-2344931.html|title=10 years on, new lease of life for Kalaignar's Uzhavar Santhai|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> He opened the [[Samathuvapuram]] (Equality Village) schemes in 145 places in Tamil Nadu in 1998 in order to forget and to eliminate caste-based segregation.<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 October 2019|title=Are Tamil Nadu's Samathuvapurams losing their sheen?|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/are-tamil-nadu-s-samathuvapurams-losing-their-sheen-111421|access-date=12 December 2020|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/samathuvapuram-an-ideal-thats-far-removed-from-reality/articleshow/87580299.cms|title=Samathuvapuram: An ideal that's far removed from reality | Chennai News - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref> His administration was credited for accelerating the IT revolution, introducing mini-buses for connectivity. Karunanidhi renamed Madras to Chennai to reflect Tamil identity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2021/may/01/from-the-archives-1996-assembly-polls-brought-great-upset-for-aiadmk-2297077.html|title=From the archives: 1996 Assembly polls brought great upset for AIADMK|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> He introduced initiative which gives free education for the first graduate in a family up to their graduation. His decision to phase out hand-pulled rickshaws was enthusiastically applauded, and the rickshaw-pullers were given alternative work. He introduced the marriage assistance scheme for impoverished women.<ref name="Frontline-DDR">{{Cite web|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/article24702996.ece|title=Deft double role|first=R. K.|last=Radhakrishnan|website=Frontline}}</ref> His government introduced legislation establishing 33% reservation for women in local government.<ref name="news18+March-11-2019" />

He was responsible for almost all of the state's major infrastructure projects which were implemented during this tenure including the [[TIDEL Park|Tidel Park]], the Coimbatore flyover, [[Chennai Mofussil Bus Terminus|the Koyambedu bus terminal]], [[Gemini flyover]] in Chennai, the rehabilitation of Poompuhar, the [[Anna Centenary Library]], and the grade separators in Chennai and the new Secretariat complex.<ref name="Frontline-DDR" />[[File:Thiruvalluvar Statue (front).jpg|thumb|The 133 ft Thirvalluvar monument built by the implementation of Karunanidhi.]]
=== Thiruvalluvar statue ===
{{Main|Thiruvalluvar Statue}}
On December 31 1975, during a state cabinet meeting led by Karunanidhi, a plan was authorized to erect a [[Thiruvalluvar Statue|statue for Thiruvalluvar]] at Kanyakumari. The DMK administration was dismissed a month later, and the state was placed under President's Rule. During his next term from 1989 to 1991, he resurrected the project. In March 1990, when presenting the Budget, he stated that a 133-foot-tall monument of Thiruvalluvar will be erected in Kanyakumari. He launched the project six months later. The project was restarted once he reclaimed power in May 1996. He unveiled the monument on New Year's Day, 2000.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Monumental-achievements/article16566833.ece|title=Monumental achievements|newspaper=The Hindu|date=March 13, 2010|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

=== 2001 state elections ===
Jayalalitha, who was aligned with the Tamil Maanila Congress, the Congress(I), the [[Pattali Makkal Katchi]], the [[Communist Party of India]], and other parties in [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001 Tamil Nadu legislative assembly elections]] received 49.89% of the vote, defeating the ruling DMK-led alliance by a large majority. Karunanidhi assumption that the DMK will be re-elected on the grounds of its government's good performance proved incorrect. His government's performance was praised by voters but it was not transferred into votes.<ref name="Frontline-Jreturn" /> Karunanidhi was elected from [[Chepauk (state assembly constituency)|Chepauk constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=March 1, 2021|title=MK Stalin to contest from Kolathur, his son Udhayanidhi from Chepauk|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chennai/mk-stalin-contest-kolathur-udhayanidhi-chepauk-7209598/}}</ref>

== Leader of DMK (2001 – 2006 ) ==

=== Controversy of arrests in Tamil Nadu about construction of flyovers ===
{{Main|Controversy of arrests in Tamil Nadu about construction of flyovers}}
In the midnight June 30 2001, he was arrested on the orders of [[J. Jayalalithaa]] as an act of Vendetta<ref name="frontlineMilestones" /> based on a First Information report over of alleged losses of ₹12 crore on construction of flyovers filed by Commissioner J. C. T. Acharyalu who Karunanidhi had earlier kept under suspension. He was arrested after a few hours after the complaint with no time for investigation. Sun TV broadcasted these images live across the state, the cops stormed in, busted open his bedroom door, and hauled him out. The images of Karunanidhi falling, being dragged, being lifted up and pushed by the police created a sympathy wave for him.<ref name="Rediff-war">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/special/jaya-had-her-revenge-but-karunanidhi-won-the-war/20180808.htm|title=Jaya had her revenge, but Karunanidhi won the war|first=Sandhya|last=Ravishankar|website=Rediff}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Kumar|first=D. Suresh|date=2018-08-08|title=When emotions overwhelmed Karunanidhi|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/when-emotions-overwhelmed-him/article24627889.ece|access-date=2021-06-02|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Looking Back At A Political Shocker: When Jayalalithaa Ordered The Arrest Of DMK Head M. Karunanidhi|url=https://www.readersdigest.in/culturescape/story-looking-back-at-a-political-shocker-when-jayalalithaa-ordered-the-arrest-of-dmk-head-m.-karunanidhi-125762|access-date=2021-06-02|website=www.readersdigest.in}}</ref> T R Baalu and Murasoli Maran, two Union ministers, were also detained.<ref>{{cite web|date=31 December 2011|title=Karunanidhi held in pre-dawn swoop – Jailed on corruption charges|url=http://www.blonnet.com/businessline/2001/07/01/stories/14015501.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060601062532/http://www.blonnet.com/businessline/2001/07/01/stories/14015501.htm|archive-date=1 June 2006|access-date=24 January 2012|publisher=Blonnet.com}}</ref> Karunanidhi told reporters "They didn't have a summons. They didn't have an arrest warrant. They claimed that these were unnecessary. They dragged me. They pushed me. They ripped my shirt. We treated her with respect when we arrested her."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/article30251114.ece|title=TAMIL NADU'S SHAME|first=T. S. SUBRAMANIAN in|last=Chennai|website=Frontline}}</ref> [[Ministry of Law and Justice (India)|Union Law Minister]] [[Arun Jaitley]] claimed it was a case of 'personal agenda'.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Jaitley|first1=Arun|last2=Bhatt|first2=Sheela|title=Personal agenda prevailed over rule of the law|url=http://www.indiaabroad.com/news/2001/jun/30tn10.htm|access-date=26 July 2016|work=Rediff OnTheNet|date=30 June 2001|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928213513/http://www.indiaabroad.com/news/2001/jun/30tn10.htm|archive-date=28 September 2007|location=New Delhi}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite journal|title=Welcome to Frontline|publisher=Frontline|volume=29|issue=1}}</ref>The Union ministers were freed and the allegations against them were dismissed. Karunanidhi was later released on bail on humanitarian grounds.<ref name="Rediff-war" /> The police later dropped the case on 2006 citing it was a "mistake of facts".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Police drop flyover case against Karunanidhi|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2007/may/21tn.htm|access-date=2021-06-02|website=www.rediff.com}}</ref>

=== 2004 general elections ===
Karunanidhi, on the other hand, left the BJP coalition in 2004 as the Union government refused to revoke the [[Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002|Prevention of Terrorism Act]]. He stood for the United Progressive Alliance led by the Congress party in the general elections, which won all 39 seats of the Parliament from Tamil Nadu.<ref name="Scroll_1924-2018" />

== Fifth term as Chief minister (2006 – 2011) ==
{{see also|Fifth Karunanidhi ministry}}
[[File:The Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, Shri M. Karunanidhi meeting the Deputy Chairman Planning Commission, Shri Montek Singh Ahluwalia to finalize plan for the current financial year, in New Delhi on June 6, 2006.jpg|thumb|Karunanidhi meeting the Deputy Chairman of Planning Commission to finalise plan for the financial year, in New Delhi on 6 June 2006|220x220px]]On May 8, 2006, Karunanidhi's administration became the first minority administration in Tamil Nadu's history, and soon after declared a price cut for rice and the waiver of cooperative farmer loans, two of the DMK's main electoral promises.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/karunanidhi-takes-over-as-tn-cm-for-fifth-time/384526|title=Karunanidhi takes over as TN CM for fifth time|website=https://www.outlookindia.com/}}</ref> The DMK won 96 of the 234 seats and emerged as the single-largest party in the Assembly with the alliance of CPI-M, Congress and CPI. Karunanidhi won from Chepauk constituency.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/karunanidhi-sworn-in-as-tn-cm/story-ArPgSYj90n1pimshHelKgI.html|title=Karunanidhi sworn in as TN CM|date=May 13, 2006|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref name="frontlineMilestones" />
[[File:The Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, Dr. M Karunanidhi inaugurating the flyover at G N Chetty Road – Thirumalai Road Junction, in Chennai on December 29, 2008.jpg|thumb|Karunanidhi inaugurating the flyover at G N Chetty Road – Thirumalai Road Junction, in Chennai on December 29, 2008]]
Karunanidhi on January 2009 threatened to resign from the ruling alliance if India does not assist in securing a cease-fire in the Sri Lankan civil war.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2009-01-23|title=Karunanidhi renews resignation threat over Sri Lanka|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-37625720090123|access-date=2021-12-29}}</ref>

In 2006, the DMK administration formed 30 special welfare boards entrusted with lobbying for the rights of disadvantaged and marginalised people ranging from transgenders to construction workers who may not have political influence or form voting groups and endure many forms of oppression.<ref name="thenewsminute-12-December-2020" /> In 2006, Karunanidhi introduced the 'Anaithu Grama Anna Marumalarchi Thittam,' which aimed for the establishment of a library in each village panchayat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/india/changing-face-of-bihars-least-literate-district-now-every-village-has-access-to-a-library/740367/|title=Changing face of Bihar's 'least literate' district: Now, every village has access to a library|date=September 26, 2021}}</ref><ref name="BS-MK-policies" /> In September 2006, he implemented the free land distribution scheme for the benefit of the landless poor.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Free land distribution scheme launched in Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/free-land-distribution-scheme-launched-in-tamil-nadu/416357|access-date=12 December 2020|website=OutlookIndia}}</ref> Karunanidhi saw the value of the ramp as a wheelchair user. He mandated that all new government buildings, as well as existing ones, include a ramp and an elevator. He reserved 3% of government jobs for the physically challenged.<ref name="Theprint-reservations">{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/pageturner/excerpt/ramps-to-reservations-karunanidhis-political-legacy-includes-infrastructure-for-disabled/626047/|title=Ramps to reservations — Karunanidhi's political legacy includes infrastructure for disabled|date=March 22, 2021}}</ref> He launched the free gas connection distribution scheme in mid-January 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/080818/build-a-free-hospital-on-land-i-own-in-my-native-village-m-karunanidh.html|title=Build a free hospital on land I own in my native village: M Karunanidhi|first=j v siva prasanna|last=kumar|date=August 8, 2018|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> In September 2008, he declared that 1 kg of rice will be offered at ₹1 at [[Public distribution system|PDS]] stores, surpassing the campaign promise of ₹2.<ref name="TH1">{{Cite news|last=Kannan|first=Ramya|date=8 August 2018|title=M. Karunanidhi: From health care to community living, his schemes were aimed at social equality|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/m-karunanidhi-from-health-care-to-community-living-his-schemes-were-aimed-at-social-equality/article24548812.ece|access-date=12 December 2020|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In 2009, he introduced a special quota of 3 percent reservations for the [[Arunthathiyar]] community. In 2019, the Arunthathiyars started building a temple "as a mark of thanksgiving to Kalaignar".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Temple to honour DMK leader Karunanidhi to be built in TN|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2019/08/25/temple-to-honour-dmk-leader-karunanidhi-to-be-built-in-tn.html|access-date=12 December 2020|website=The Week|language=en}}</ref> Karunanidhi launched the "Kalaignar Kapitu Thitam" in 2009 to give people from economically disadvantaged backgrounds receive quality medical treatments without discrimination.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ayushman-bharat-chief-minister-health-insurance-scheme-tamil-nadu-modi-1349261-2018-09-26|title=Ayushman Bharat scheme to be merged with Tamil Nadu Chief Minister's Health Insurance Scheme|first1=Akshaya Nath|last1=ChennaiSeptember 26|first2=2018UPDATED|last2=September 26|first3=2018 02:16|last3=Ist|website=India Today}}</ref> At least 3 out of 5 people in the state have medical insurance due to this scheme.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/governance/karunanidhi-administrator-par-excellence-61343|title=Karunanidhi: Administrator par excellence|website=www.downtoearth.org.in}}</ref> In 2010, he introduced the "Kalaignar Veetu Vasathi Thittam" to convert thatched huts to concrete houses in the state.<ref>{{Cite news|others=Special Correspondent|date=2010-04-23|title=Rural housing to become concrete structures|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Rural-housing-to-become-concrete-structures/article16373470.ece|access-date=2020-12-12|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> During this tenure he implemented the construction of new Collectorates in nine districts, many universities were established, and highways and flyovers were built. The bus terminal in Koyambedu in Chennai, which is the largest in Asia, was built.<ref name="BS-MK-policies" /> His health-care initiatives in the tenure, which included financial help for pregnant mothers, were well-received by Jayalalithaa. Multiple medical camps were held around the state as part of the Varumun Kappom Thittam initiative, benefiting a huge portion of Tamil Nadu's population.<ref name="BS-MK-policies" /> Schemes were implemented to provide free color TVs to every family with ration cards and to provide gas stoves with free gas connection to the poor women who use wood stove-kerosene stove.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Staff|date=17 February 2008|title=Karunanidhi launches Phase 3 of free CTV, gas stove scheme|url=https://www.oneindia.com/2008/02/16/karunanidhi-launches-phase-3-of-free-ctv-gas-stove-scheme-1203218398.html|access-date=12 December 2020|website=OnIndia|language=en}}</ref>

== Leader of the DMK (2011 – 2016) ==
[[File:The Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, Dr. Kalaignar M. Karunanidhi meeting the Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh, in Chennai on January 03, 2011.jpg|thumb|Karunanidhi meeting the then Prime Minister, Manmohan Singh, in Chennai, 2011|250x250px]]
During the [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]], the AIADMK alliance won 203 seats and the DMK alliance won 31.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2011|title=Fourteenth Assembly Election Results in Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23018681|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume=46|issue=25|pages=138–142|jstor=23018681|issn=0012-9976}}</ref> Karunanidi won by a huge margin of 50,249 votes Tiruvarur Assembly constituency.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Srinivasan|first=G.|date=2011-05-13|title=Karunanidhi wins by a huge margin in Tiruvarur|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karunanidhi-wins-by-a-huge-margin-in-tiruvarur/article2016094.ece|url-status=live|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Following the defeat, M. Karunanidhi said, "People have given me proper rest," before congratulating the people of the state.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/latest-news/people-have-given-me-proper-rest-says-karunanidhi/|title=People have given me proper rest,says Karunanidhi|date=May 13, 2011}}</ref>

On his 86th birthday, Karunanidhi donated his Gopalapuram home to the Annai Anjugam Trust, which would manage a free hospital for the underprivileged after his and his wife's demise.<ref>{{Cite news|others=Special Correspondent|date=2010-06-03|title=Karunanidhi donates Gopalapuram residence|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Karunanidhi-donates-Gopalapuram-residence/article16240543.ece|access-date=2021-12-31|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

During the [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016 Tamil Nadu Assembly Elections]], which the DMK lost only by 1.5 per cent votes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2021/03/25/data-story-how-dmk-ended-up-losing-20-16-election.html|title=Data story: How DMK ended up losing 2016 election}}</ref> Karunanidhi won from Tiruvarur constituency with margin of 68,366 votes thereby recording his 13th straight victory since 1957.<ref>{{Cite news|others=Special Correspondent|date=2016-05-20|title=Karunanidhi breaks his own record of victory margin|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/tamilnadu2016/karunanidhi-breaks-his-own-record-of-victory-margin/article8623159.ece|access-date=2021-12-29|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

On January 2017, Karunanidhi's son M.K Stalin was made as the working president of the DMK at the general council meet due to his deteriorating health.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/tHFIyhHcjxdB2O6L2Tcm7J/Stalin-named-as-DMK-working-president-amid-the-churn-in-Tami.html|title=Stalin named as DMK working president amid a churn in Tamil Nadu politics|first=Dharani|last=Thangavelu|date=January 4, 2017|website=mint}}</ref>

== Political policies ==

=== Sri Lankan Tamil issue ===
Karunanidhi was known among his supporters as the "Tamil Inaththalaivar" ({{Translation}}leader of the Tamil race) He was close to numerous Sri Lankan Tamil politicians. In 1956, Karunanidhi issued a resolution at the DMK council in Chidambaram denouncing Sri Lanka's 'Sinhala Only policy'. He was acquainted with [[S.J.V. Chelvanayakam]] and was close with [[A. Amirthalingam]], the head of the Tamil United Liberation Front. After [[1977 anti-Tamil pogrom]] and [[Black July|1983 anti-Tamil pogrom]], the his administration was at the forefront of organizing protest demonstrations in Tamil Nadu. In protest at the 1983 riots, Karunanidhi and DMK general secretary K. Anbazhagan resigned from the State Assembly.<ref name="TheHindu-SLTamil">{{Cite news|last=Venkataramanan|first=K.|date=2018-08-07|title=M. Karunanidhi: A lifelong warrior for Sri Lankan Tamil cause, but misunderstood in the end|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/m-karunanidhi-a-lifelong-warrior-for-sri-lankan-tamil-cause-but-misunderstood-in-the-end/article24548728.ece|access-date=2021-12-30|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

The DMK was thought to support the [[Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization]] (TELO). After the LTTE started a war against its fellow Tamil militant group TELO in May 1986, Karunanidhi was skeptical of the LTTE's strategy.<ref name="Frontline-A.S Paneerselvam">{{Cite web|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/books/karunanidhi-and-the-sri-lankan-tamil-issue-book-excerpt-karunanidhi-a-life-by-a-s-panneerselvan/article34117100.ece|title=Karunanidhi and the Sri Lankan Tamil Issue|first=A. S.|last=Panneerselvan|website=Frontline}}</ref> Karunanidhi founded the [[Tamil Eelam Supporters Organization|Tamil Eelam Supporters Organisation]] (TESO) and held a large national conference in Madurai in May 1986 to emphasize the Tamil aspiration for sovereignty in Sri Lanka, during which he urged the LTTE to cease murdering TELO cadre. The LTTE then proceeded to kill the majority of the TELO cadres. The infighting was criticized by Karunanidhi as Sagodhara Yudham’ (A Battle Between Brothers). Since the AIADMK and MGR were prepared to support the LTTE as the only representation of Sri Lankan Tamils, his constant attempts to convey the necessity for an unified front to the LTTE were ignored.<ref name="Frontline-A.S Paneerselvam" /> Karunanidhi was a vocal opponent of the decision to send [[Indian Peace Keeping Force|Indian peace keeping forces]] (IPKF) to Sri Lanka as part of the [[Indo-Sri Lanka Accord|Indo-Sri Lankan Accord]], and he was accused of being anti-national for his outspoken criticism of the atrocities perpetrated by the IPKF.<ref name="TheHindu-SLTamil" /> He viewed the [[Expulsion of Muslims from the Northern province by LTTE|expulsion of Muslims from the North by the LTTE]] in 1990 as “ethnic cleansing.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thecitizen.in/index.php/en/newsdetail/index/14/20392/a-fresh-assessment-of-karunanidhi-sri-lanka-ltte-policy|title=A Fresh Assessment of Karunanidhi' Sri Lanka (LTTE) Policy|website=www.thecitizen.in}}</ref> His inaction against the LTTE in the state finally led to the Chandrasekhar government dismissing his cabinet in January 1991.<ref name="theweek-champion">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2018/07/28/Karunanidhi-A-blind-champion-of-Tamil-cause.html|title=Karunanidhi: A blind champion of the Lankan Tamil cause}}</ref> After the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi by LTTE he was not friendly with the overt LTTE sympathizers in the state.<ref name="TheHindu-SLTamil" />

He ordered a special investigation of the conditions in the Tamil refugee camps in 2006, and subsequently provided funds to repair deteriorating dwellings.<ref name="TheHindu-SLTamil" /> In 2009, during the final stages of the war, Karunanidhi was unable to convince the UPA alliance to intervene.<ref name="theweek-champion" />

=== Tamil language ===
Karunanidhi on multiple occasions, expressed his admiration for [[Thiruvalluvar]]. The DMK administration built [[Valluvar Kottam]], a memorial in Chennai dedicated to Valluvar in the mid-1970s. However, the government was removed from power in 1976, just weeks before the memorial was to be opened. Karunanidhi awaited 13 years to visit the memorial, and when the DMK regained power in January 1989, he held the swearing-in ceremony there. Karunanidhi built the Silappadikaram Art Gallery in Poompuhar and a special department for Tamil development as Chief Minister. His administration passed an order making Tamil obligatory in all schools until Class 10th a few weeks after he became Chief Minister in May 2006. Karunanidhi, a supporter of the two-language formula, had stressed the need of retaining English as the sole additional language in educational institutions.<ref name="TheHindu-Tamillanguage">{{Cite news|last=Ramakrishnan|first=T.|date=2018-08-07|title=Karunanidhi: A die-hard proponent of Tamil language|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/karunanidhi-a-die-hard-proponent-of-tamil-language/article24548741.ece|access-date=2021-12-30|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> After consulting with scholars, his government determined in 1972 that Thiruvalluvar was born in 31 BCE.<ref name="TH1" /> Karunanidhi and Congress leader Sonia Gandhi were vital in ensuring classical language status to Tamil in 2004.<ref name="DC-june-14-2018">{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/140618/lively-debate-on-who-nurtured-tamil-language-contributed-to-tamil-pri.html|title=Lively debate on who nurtured Tamil language, contributed to Tamil pride|date=June 14, 2018|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>

====World Tamil Conference====
[[File:RRK 9493 copy.jpg|thumb|Karunanidhi in Paavendhar Tamil Literature & Research library]]
He delivered the special address on the inaugural day of 3rd World Tamil Conference held in Paris in 1970, and also on the inaugural day of 6th World Tamil Conference held in Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) in 1987. He penned the song "[[Semmozhiyaana Tamizh Mozhiyaam]]", the official theme song for the [[World Classical Tamil Conference 2010]], that was set to tune by [[A. R. Rahman]].<ref>{{cite news|last=T.|first=Ramakrishnan|date=16 May 2010|title=Front Page : Theme song launched for world classical Tamil meet|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/05/16/stories/2010051660120100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100519120624/http://www.hindu.com/2010/05/16/stories/2010051660120100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 May 2010|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=22 November 2013}}</ref>

In June 2010, his administration organized the World Classical Tamil Conference in Coimbatore.<ref name="TheHindu-Tamillanguage" /> 'Ulaga Tamizh Manadu' (World Tamil Conference), was the first coined word for the conference in 2010, however the IATR organisation that had right to conduct the conference was not happy hence change in name.<ref>{{cite news|last=Karashima|first=Noboru|date=23 July 2010|title=IATR and the World Classical Tamil Conference|newspaper=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/IATR-and-the-World-Classical-Tamil-Conference/article16206321.ece|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> In the conference, Karunanidhi described Tamil as supreme among all classical languages. He reinforced the demand for Tamil to be recognized as a language of the Madras High Court.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2010/jun/23/making-a-case-for-classical-tamil-125925.html|title=Making a case for classical Tamil|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Karunanidhi announced the foundation of the World Tholkappiyar Classical Tamil Sangam, that would include worldwide academics and will be based in Madurai, to hold World Classical Tamil Conferences at periodic intervals in the future. and to bring dispersed Tamil research centres and develop connections with Tamil organizations throughout the world.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/how-karunanidhi-hijacked-tamil-meet/639269/1|title=How Karunanidhi hijacked Tamil meet - Indian Express|website=archive.indianexpress.com}}</ref>

==Screenwriting==
[[File:Kalaimamani Award.jpg|left|thumb|Karunanidhi awarding Kalaimamani]]
 
{{See also|Parasakthi (1952 film)|Tamil cinema and Dravidian politics}}
Karunanidhi began his career as a screenwriter in the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://caravanmagazine.in/Story.aspx?Storyid=817&StoryStyle=FullStory |title=The Last Lear – The Long Profile of Karunanidhi in The Caravan |publisher=[[The Caravan (magazine)|The Caravan India]] |access-date=22 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326130359/http://caravanmagazine.in/Story.aspx?Storyid=817&StoryStyle=FullStory |archive-date=26 March 2012}}</ref> His first movie as screenwriter was [[Rajakumari (1947 film)|Rajakumari]] produced by Coimbatore-based [[Jupiter Pictures]] directed by [[A. S. A. Sami]] starring [[M. G. Ramachandran]]. During this period he and [[M. G. Ramachandran]], then an upcoming actor and later day founder of [[AIADMK]] party started a long friendship eventually turning into rivals in later years politics. His stint with Jupiters Pictures then housed at [[Central Studios]] continued for another MGR starrer [[Abhimanyu (1948 film)|Abhimanyu]], [[Marudhanaattu Ilavarasi]] (1950) starring [[M. G. Ramachandran]] and [[V. N. Janaki]].

Around late 1949, [[T. R. Sundaram]] of [[Modern Theatres]] Studio in Salem engaged Karunanidhi as scriptwriter for the film [[Manthiri Kumari]] starring [[M. G. Ramachandran]] which would become be a blockbuster hit. Later [[T. R. Sundaram]] had Karunanidhi on permanent rolls at Modern Studio.

Karunanidhi chose to pen a script for a tv series based on the Vaishnavite philosopher-sage Ramanuja. He claimed that his party opposed Hindu fundamentalism, not Hindus.<ref name="Scroll_1924-2018" />

===Parasakthi===
His most notable movie was ''[[Parasakthi (1952 film)|Parasakthi]]'',<ref name="rethink">[[#Guneratne|Guneratne 2003]], p. 216</ref> a turning point in Tamil cinema, as it espoused the ideologies of the Dravidian movement and also introduced two prominent actors of Tamil filmdom, [[Sivaji Ganesan]] and [[S. S. Rajendran]].<ref name="Hardgrave">{{cite journal | last = Hardgrave, Jr | first = Robert L | title = Politics and the Film in Tamil Nadu: The Stars and the DMK | doi=10.1525/as.1973.13.3.01p0314o | journal=Asian Survey | date=1973 | volume=13 | issue=3 | pages=288–305| url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/2152/34387/1/politicsandthefilm.pdf}}</ref> The movie was initially marred with controversies and faced censorship troubles, but was eventually released in 1952.<ref name="Hardgrave" /> becoming a huge box office hit. The movie was opposed by orthodox Hindus since it contained elements that criticised Hinduism.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/06/12/stories/2006061206151100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060613192240/http://www.hindu.com/2006/06/12/stories/2006061206151100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 June 2006|title=Films and the politics of convenience |last=A.|first= Srivathsan|location=Chennai, India|date=12 June 2006|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=22 November 2013}}</ref> The story contained condemnation of Tamil Nadu's severe social disparities, India's power difference between South and the North, and the moral corruption of the Hindu priestly caste. Upper caste Hindus sought to ban the movie.<ref name="FT_Kamzin" />

Two other movies written by Karunanidhi that contained such messages were [[Panam (film)|Panam]] (1952) directed by famous comedian and political activist [[N. S. Krishnan]] and Thangarathnam (1960) produced and acted by [[S. S. Rajendran]] another popular actor and DMK activist.<ref name="rethink" /> These movies contained themes such as widow remarriage, abolition of [[untouchability]], [[self-respect marriages]], abolition of [[zamindari]] and abolition of religious hypocrisy.<ref name="Hardgrave" /> Another memorable hit movie was [[Manohara (film)|Manohara (1954)]] starring Sivaji Ganesan, S. S. Rajendran and P. Kannamba known for its crisp dialogues.

===Writing and narration style===
Through his wit and oratorical skills he rapidly rose as a popular politician. As his movies and plays with strong social messages became popular, they suffered from increased censorship; two of his plays in the 1950s were banned.<ref name="Hardgrave" /> He was famous for writing historical and social (reformist) stories which propagated the socialist and [[rationalism|rationalist]] ideals of the [[Dravidian movement]] to which he belonged. Alongside [[C. N. Annadurai]] he began using [[Tamil cinema]] to propagate his political ideals through his movies.{{cn|date=September 2021}} His compositions, which often chastised upper castes while it making heroes out of the poor and advocating secularism, were seen as revolutionary.<ref name="NYT_Abi-Habib" />

===Filmography===
At the age of 20, Karunanidhi went to work for Jupiter Pictures as a scriptwriter. His first film, ''[[Rajakumaari]]'', gained him much popularity. It was here that his skills as a scriptwriter were honed, which extended to several films. He was active in screenwriting even during his later political career till 2011 when he last wrote for historic movie [[Ponnar Shankar (film)|Ponnar Shankar]].

==== As a scriptwriter ====
{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
*''[[Ponnar Shankar (film)|Ponnar Shankar]]'' (2011)
*''[[Ilaignan]]'' (2011)
*''[[Pen Singam]]'' (2010)
*''[[Uliyin Osai]]'' (2008)
*''[[Pasa Kiligal]]'' (2006)
*''[[Kannamma (film)|Kannamma]]'' (2005)
*''[[Mannin Maindhan]]'' (2005)
*''[[Puthiya Parasakthi]]'' (1996)
*''[[Madurai Meenakshi (film)|Madurai Meenakshi]]'' (1993)
*''[[Kavalukku Kettikaran]]'' (1990)
*''[[Paasa Mazhai]]'' (1989)
*''[[Nyaya Tharasu]]'' (1989)
*''[[Thendral Sudum]]'' (1989)
*''[[Poruthadhu Pothum]]'' (1989)
*''[[Ithu Engal Neethi]]'' (1988)
*''[[Paasa Paravaigal (1988 film)|Paasa Paravaigal]]'' (1988)
*''[[Paadatha Thenikkal]]'' (1988)
*''[[Makkal Aanaiyittal]]'' (1988)
*''[[Ore Raththam]]'' (1987)
*''[[Veeran Veluthambi]]'' (1987)
*''[[Neethikku Thandanai]]'' (1987)
*''[[Sattam Oru Vilayaattu]]'' (1987)
*''[[Puyal Paadum Paattu]]'' (1987)
*''[[Palaivana Rojakkal]]'' (1986)
*''[[Kaaval Kaithigal]]'' (1984)
*''[[Thooku Medai]]'' (1982)
*''[[Maadi Veettu Ezhai]]'' (1981)
*''[[Kaalam Pathil Sollum]]'' (1980)
*''[[Aadu Paambe]]'' (1979)
*''[[Nenjukku Needhi]]'' (1979)
*''[[Vandikaran Magan]]'' (1978)
*''[[Pillaiyo Pillai (film)|Pillaiyo Pillai]]'' (1972)
*''[[Thanga Thambi]]'' (1967)
*''[[Valiba Virundhu]]'' (1967)
*''[[Avan Pithana?]]'' (1966)
*''[[Marakka Mudiyumaa]]'' (1966)
*''[[Mani Magudam]]'' (1966)
*''[[Poomalai]]'' (1965)
*''[[Poompuhar (film)|Poompuhar]]'' (1964)
*''[[Kaanchi Thalaivan]]'' (1963)
*''[[Iruvar Ullam]]'' (1963)
*''[[Thayilla Pillai (1961 film)|Thayilla Pillai]]'' (1961)
*''[[Arasilangkumari]]'' (1961)
*''[[Kuravanji]]'' (1960)
*''[[Ellorum Innaattu Mannar]]'' (1960)
*''[[Pudhumai Pithan (1957 film)|Pudhumai Pithan]]'' (1957)
*''[[Pudhaiyal]]'' (1957)
*''[[Raja Rani (1956 film)|Raja Rani]]'' (1956)
*''[[Rangoon Radha]]'' (1956)
*''[[Malaikkallan]]'' (1954)
*''[[Manohara (film)|Manohara]]'' (1954)
*''[[Ammaiyappan (film)|Ammaiyappan]]'' (1954)
*''[[Thirumbi Paar (1953 film)|Thirumbi Paar]]'' (1953)
*''[[Naam (1953 film)|Naam]]'' (1953)
*''[[Panam (1952 film)|Panam]]'' (1952)
*''[[Parasakthi (1952 film)|Parasakthi]]'' (1952)
*''[[Manamagal]]'' (1951)
*''[[Devaki (1951 film)|Devaki]]'' (1951)
*''[[Manthiri Kumari]]'' (1950)
*''[[Marudhanaattu Ilavarasi]]'' (1950)
*''[[Abhimanyu (1948 film)|Abimanyu]]'' (1948)
*''[[Rajakumaari]]'' (1947)
{{div col end|4}}

==== Television ====
*''Romapuri Pandian'' (Kalaignar TV)
*''Ramanujar'' (Kalaignar TV)

====Lyrics====
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
! Year !! Film !! Song !! Composer
|-
|1987||''[[Ore Raththam]]'' ||"Ore Ratham", "Oru Poraliyin" ||Devendran
|-
|1987||''[[Veeran Veluthambi]]'' ||"Surulu Meesai" ||S. A. Rajkumar
|-
|1988 ||''[[Makkal Aanaiyittal]]'' ||"Aara Amara Konjam" ||S. A. Rajkumar
|-
|1993||''[[Madurai Meenakshi (film)|Madurai Meenakshi]]'' || "Neethi mandram" ||Deva
|-
|2005 ||''[[Kannamma (film)|Kannamma]]'' || "Ilaignane", "Iru Vizhi" ||S. A. Rajkumar
|-
|2005 ||''[[Mannin Maindhan]]'' || "Kannin Manipola" ||Bharathwaj
|-
|2006 ||''[[Pasa Kiligal]]'' || "Thendral ennum" ||Vidyasagar
|-
|2010||''[[Penn Singam]]'' || "Aaha Veenaiyil" ||Deva
|-
|}

==Literature==
[[File:Sivaji Kalingar Sakthi .jpg|thumb|right|Karunanidhi (middle) with actor Sivaji Ganesan (left)]]Karunanidhi is known for his contributions to [[Tamil literature]]. His contributions cover a wide range: poems, letters, screenplays, novels, biographies, historical novels, stage-plays, dialogues and movie songs. He has written ''Kuraloviam'' for [[Thirukural]], Tholkaappiya Poonga, Poombukar, as well as many poems, essays and books. Apart from literature, Karunanidhi has also contributed to the [[Tamil language]] through art and architecture. Like the Kuraloviyam, in which Kalaignar wrote about Thirukkural, through the construction of [[Valluvar Kottam]] he gave an architectural presence to [[Thiruvalluvar]], in Chennai. At [[Kanyakumari]], Karunanidhi constructed a 133-foot-high statue of Thiruvalluvar in honour of the scholar.

===Books===
The books written by Karunanidhi include ''Sanga Thamizh'', ''Thirukkural Urai'', ''Ponnar Sankar'', ''Romapuri Pandian'', ''[[Thenpandi Singam]]'', ''Vellikizhamai'', ''Nenjukku Needhi'', ''Iniyavai Irubathu'' and ''Kuraloviam''.<ref name="IEbooks" /> His books of prose and poetry number more than 100.

===Stage plays===
Karunanidhi's stage plays include: ''Manimagudam'', ''Ore Ratham'', ''Palaniappan'', ''Thooku Medai'', ''Kagithapoo'', ''Naane Arivali'', ''Vellikizhamai'', ''Udhayasooriyan'' and ''[[Silappathikaram]]''.

==Personal life==
Karunanidhi married three times. Karunanidhi's parents were eager to marry him off to Padma, the sister of C.S Jayaraman. He made one condition that the bride side must accept a reformist wedding. He hoped they would call off the marriage as he was not earning and the bride's father was religious but their family agreed to their marriage also held the marriage of their son C.S Jayaraman the same day. He married Padmavathi Ammal on September 13, 1944, under the Dravidian movement's Self-Respect form of marriage where the bride and groom exchanged garlands, without a thaali (mangalsutra), and specifically without Brahmin priests presiding.<ref name="Scroll_881373" />{{sfn|Panneerselvan|2021|p=38}} They had a son [[M. K. Muthu]], who was briefly active in Tamil films and politics. Padmavathi died in 1948 soon after childbirth. In September of that year, Karunanidhi's marriage was [[arranged marriage|arranged]] with Dayalu Ammal, with whom he had three sons, [[M. K. Alagiri]], [[M. K. Stalin]] and M. K. Tamilarasu, and a daughter, M. K. Selvi. Alagiri and Stalin are active in state politics and competed to be their father's political successors, before Stalin prevailed. Tamilarasu is a businessman and film-producer and campaigner for his father and his party; Selvi campaigned for Karunanidhi elections too. With his third marriage with Rajathi Ammal, Karunanidhi had a daughter, [[Kanimozhi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2018/aug/07/life-and-family-of-dmk-supremo-kalaignar-m-karunanidhi-1854601.html|title=Life and family of DMK supremo 'Kalaignar' M Karunanidhi|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=7 August 2018}}</ref><ref name="Ravishankar20188" />

Karunanidhi's left eye got critically injured on 1953 when the vehicle in which he was travelling got involved in an accident near Tirupattur. An eye surgery was performed and doctors recommended him to wear sunglasses to protect his eyes from the sun. Karunanidhi used regular spectacles, However, after American ophthalmologists recommended for his ongoing discomfort in his left eye, which he had been suffering from since the mid-1950s, he switched to his trade-mark dark glasses in 1971. Doctors determined that the dark glass frames were too hefty for him in November 2017 and advised a lighter frame.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/cmcm/this-is-the-real-reason-behind-late-m-karunanidhis-style-statement-of-wearing-black-glasses|title=This is the real reason behind late M Karunanidhi's 'style statement' of wearing black glasses|website=Free Press Journal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2018/aug/07/when-kalaignar-m-karunanidhi-bid-adieu-to-his-black-glasses-after-46-years-1854609.html|title=When Kalaignar M Karunanidhi bid adieu to his black glasses after 46 years}}</ref><ref name="frontlineMilestones">{{Cite web|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/article24705340.ece|title=Milestones in a long journey|first=T. S.|last=SUBRAMANIAN|website=Frontline}}</ref>

Since 2004, he has had to deal with his deteriorating health and struggled to stand when a spinal operation went wrong and became wheelchair-dependent. After a few years, he upgraded to a [[Motorized wheelchair|motorised wheelchair]] and a customized van with a hydraulic system to raise the chair into or out of the vehicle easily.<ref name="Theprint-reservations" />

==Illness, death and reactions==
[[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi pays tributes at the mortal remains of Kalaignar Karunanidhi, in Chennai on August 08, 2018.JPG|thumb|right| Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] paying tribute to Karunanidhi in [[Rajaji Hall]]]]
Due to a drug-induced allergy, Karunanidhi became unwell in October 2016. He was hospitalized in the first week of December 2016 for "optimization of nutrition and hydration" and subsequently for a throat and lung infections. He went through a [[Tracheotomy|tracheostomy]] surgery to improve his breathing. He has stayed out of politics since then, making just a few public appearances. His last public appearance was on June 3, 2018, when he turned 94.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Desk|first=The Hindu Net|date=2018-07-29|title=Karunanidhi's vital signs normalising after transient setback, says hospital|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/karunanidhis-vital-signs-normalising-says-hospital/article24547486.ece|access-date=2021-12-31|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

On 28 July 2018, Karunanidhi's health deteriorated and became "extremely critical and unstable", and he was admitted at [[Kauvery Hospital]] in Chennai for treatment.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-45002229|title=Crowds amass for ailing Indian politician|date=30 July 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=8 August 2018}}</ref> He died there at 6:10 p.m. on 7 August 2018 due to age-related illness, which led to multiple organ failure.<ref name="TOIdeath" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/m-karunanidhi-former-tamil-nadu-chief-minister-passes-away/article24624413.ece|title='Kalaignar' M. Karunanidhi, former Tamil Nadu Chief Minister and DMK chief, passes away aged 94|newspaper =[[The Hindu]]|date=7 August 2018}}</ref>

The government of Tamil Nadu declared a public holiday on 8 August 2018 and a seven-day mourning after Karunanidhi's death.<ref>{{cite news |title=TN govt announces 7-day mourning over Karunanidhi's death |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/tn-govt-announces-7-day-mourning-over-karunanidhis-death/article24625906.ece/#stateGovt |access-date=8 August 2018 |agency=The Hindu Business Line |date=7 August 2018}}</ref> A national mourning on 8 August 2018 was announced by the [[government of India]].<ref>{{cite news |title=DMK chief M Karunanidhi death: One day national mourning declared by Centre |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/karunanidhi-death-died-government-of-india-declares-one-day-state-mourning-across-india/266056 |access-date=9 August 2018 |agency=Times now news |date=8 August 2018}}</ref> The national flag flew half-mast in Delhi, all state capitals and across Tamil Nadu on 8 August 2018.<ref>{{cite news |title=National Flag Flew Half Mast Marking Death Of Karunanidhi |url=https://headlinestoday.org/national/1352/national-flag-flew-half-mast-marking-death-of-karunanidhi/ |access-date=8 August 2018 |agency=Headlines Today |date=8 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808233758/https://headlinestoday.org/national/1352/national-flag-flew-half-mast-marking-death-of-karunanidhi/ |archive-date=8 August 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The governments of [[Government of Karnataka|Karnataka]] and [[Government of Bihar|Bihar]] announced one-day and two-days state mourning respectively.<ref>{{cite news |title=Former Chief Minister Of Tamil Nadu And DMK Chief M Karunanidhi Passed Away |url=https://headlinestoday.org/national/1328/former-chief-minister-of-tamil-nadu-and-dmk-chief-m-karunanidhi-passed-away/#stateGovt |access-date=8 August 2018 |agency=Headlines Today |date=7 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807220456/https://headlinestoday.org/national/1328/former-chief-minister-of-tamil-nadu-and-dmk-chief-m-karunanidhi-passed-away/#stateGovt |archive-date=7 August 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

On August 18, 2018, the DMK said that as many as 248 party workers died, 'shocked' by Karunanidhi's demise, and announced a solatium of Rs 200,000 to their families.<ref>{{Cite news|last=India|first=Press Trust of|date=2018-08-28|title=Shocked by the death of M Karunanidhi, 248 party workers died: DMK|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/shocked-by-the-death-of-m-karunanidhi-248-party-workers-died-dmk-118082800599_1.html|access-date=2021-12-31}}</ref>

==Awards and titles==
* [[Annamalai University]] awarded him an honorary doctorate in 1971.<ref name="drkalaignar1">{{cite web|url=http://www.drkalaignar.org/about-kalaignar/awards/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107084951/http://www.drkalaignar.org/about-kalaignar/awards/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 January 2009 |title= Awards|publisher=Drkalaignar.org |access-date=19 December 2011}}</ref>
* He was awarded "Raja Rajan Award" by Tamil University, [[Thanjavur]] for his book ''Thenpandi Singam''.<ref name="drkalaignar1" />
* On 15 December 2006, the Governor of Tamil Nadu and the Chancellor of Madurai Kamaraj University, Surjit Singh Barnala conferred an honorary doctorate on the Chief Minister on the occasion of the 40th annual convocation.{{Citation needed|date=April 2020}}
* In June 2007, the Tamil Nadu Muslim Makkal Katchi announced that it would confer the title "Friend of the Muslim Community" (''Yaaran-E-Millath'') upon M. Karunanidhi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.oneindia.com/2007/06/03/tmmk-to-confer-karunanidhi-with-friend-of-the-community-title-1180859680.html|title=MK awarded 'Friend of the Community' title|access-date=20 February 2018}}</ref>

==Elections contested and positions held==
Karunanidhi contested and won in all Tamil Nadu Assembly general elections (then Madras) since 1957 except 1984 when he didn't contest the election. He resigned immediately after being elected in 1991, due to the routing of his party (only 2 seats out of 234).
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! |Year
! |Constituency
! |Result
! |Vote percentage
! |Opposition Candidate
! |Opposition Party
! |Opposition vote percentage
|-
||[[1957 Madras legislative assembly election|1957]]||[[Kulithalai (State Assembly Constituency)|Kulithalai]]||Won|| || K.A. Dharmalingam||[[Indian National Congress|INC]]||
|-
| |[[1962 Madras legislative assembly election|1962]]||[[Thanjavur]]||Won|| ||[[A.Y.S. Parisutha Nadar]]||[[Indian National Congress|INC]]||
|-
| |[[1967 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1967]]||[[Saidapet (State Assembly Constituency)|Saidapet]]||Won|| || S.G. Vinayagamurthy||[[Indian National Congress|INC]]||
|-
| |[[1971 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1971]]||[[Saidapet (State Assembly Constituency)|Saidapet]]||Won|| || Kudanthai Ramalingam||[[Indian National Congress (Old)|Congress (O)]]||
|-
| |[[1977 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1977]]||[[Anna Nagar (State Assembly Constituency)|Anna Nagar]]||Won|| 50.1|| G. Krishnamurthy||[[ADMK]]||31.0<ref name="Anna Nagar">{{cite web|title=Party wise comparison since 1977 in Anna Nagar constituency|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S22/partycomp08.htm|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref>
|-
| |[[1980 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1980]]||[[Anna Nagar (State Assembly Constituency)|Anna Nagar]]||Won||49.0||[[H. V. Hande]] ||[[ADMK]]||48.3<ref name="Anna Nagar" />
|-
|[[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]
| colspan="6" | {{Center|Not Contested}}
|-
| |[[1989 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1989]]||[[Harbour (State Assembly Constituency)|Harbour]]||Won||59.8||K.A. Wahab ||Muslim League ||13.8<ref name="Harbour">{{cite web|title=Party wise comparison since 1977 in Harbour constituency|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S22/partycomp02.htm|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref>
|-
| |[[1991 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1991]]||[[Harbour (State Assembly Constituency)|Harbour]]||Won||48.7||K. Suppu ||[[ADMK]]||47.3<ref name="Harbour" />
|-
| |[[1996 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1996]]||[[Chepauk (State Assembly Constituency)|Chepauk]]||Won||77.1||N.S. Nellai Kannan ||[[Indian National Congress|INC]]||17.2<ref name="Chepauk">{{cite web|title=Party wise comparison since 1977 in Chepauk constituency|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S22/partycomp11.htm|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref>
|-
| |[[2001 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|2001]]||[[Chepauk (State Assembly Constituency)|Chepauk]]||Won||51.9||R. Damodharan||[[Indian National Congress|INC]]||43.5<ref name="Chepauk" />
|-
| |[[2006 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|2006]]||[[Chepauk (State Assembly Constituency)|Chepauk]]||Won||51.0||Dawood Miah Khan||Independent ||38.3<ref name="Chepauk" />
|-
| |[[2011 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|2011]]||[[Thiruvarur (State Assembly Constituency)|Thiruvarur]]||Won||62.9 || M. Rajendran||[[ADMK]]||33.9<ref>[[#thirteenth|Statistical report on Tamil Nadu Assembly elections 2011]], p. 191</ref>
|-
| |[[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]]||[[Thiruvarur (State Assembly Constituency)|Thiruvarur]]||Won||61.73 || R. Pannerselvam||[[ADMK]]||26.99<ref>{{cite web |title=Tamil Nadu General Legislative Election 2016 |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3473-tamil-nadu-general-legislative-election-2016/ |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=2 February 2021 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|}

===Posts in legislature===
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"
! Assembly !! From !! To !! Position !! Party – Number of seats /Seats contested
|-
| [[Third Assembly of Madras State|Third Assembly]] ||1962 || 1967 || Deputy Leader of the Opposition||50/143<ref>[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Quadrennial Review 1962–70 1967], pp. 6–7</ref>
|-
| [[Fourth Assembly of Madras State|Fourth Assembly]] || 1967 || 1969 || State Minister for Public Works ||138/233<ref>[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Quadrennial Review 1967–70 1971], p. 7</ref>
|-
| [[Fourth Assembly of Madras State|Fourth Assembly]]||10 February 1969 || 5 January 1971|| Chief Minister (1)<ref name="assembly">{{cite web|title=Details of Successive legislative assemblies constituted under the constitution of India |url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/list/assemblies-overview.htm |publisher=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly |access-date=22 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006083126/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/list/assemblies-overview.htm |archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref>||136/233<ref>[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Quadrennial Review 1967–70 1971], p. 145</ref>
|-
|[[Fifth Assembly of Tamil Nadu|Fifth Assembly]]|| 15 March 1971 || 31 January 1976|| Chief Minister (2)<ref name="assembly" />||182/203<ref>[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Quadrennial Review 1971–76 1976], p. 157</ref>
|-
|[[Sixth Assembly of Tamil Nadu|Sixth Assembly]]|| 25 July 1977 || 17 February 1980 || Leader of the Opposition (1)<ref name="assembly" />||48/230<ref>[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Quadrennial Review 1977–80 1980], p. 9</ref>
|-
| [[Seventh Assembly of Tamil Nadu|Seventh Assembly]]||27 June 1980 || 18 August 1983 || Leader of the Opposition (2)<ref name="assembly" />||37/112<ref>[Statistical report on Tamil Nadu Assembly general elections 1980], p. 10</ref>
|-
| [[Ninth Assembly of Tamil Nadu|Ninth Assembly]]||27 January 1989 || 30 January 1991|| Chief Minister (3)<ref name="assembly" />||150/202<ref>[Statistical report on Tamil Nadu Assembly general elections 1989], p. 10</ref>
|-
| [[Tenth Assembly of Tamil Nadu|Tenth Assembly]]||26 April 1991|| 30 March 1996||Member of Legislative Assembly<ref name="assembly" />|| 2/176<ref>[Statistical report on Tamil Nadu Assembly general elections 1991], p. 10</ref>
|-
| [[Eleventh Assembly of Tamil Nadu|Eleventh Assembly]] || 13 May 1996 || 14 May 2001|| Chief Minister (4)<ref name="assembly" />||173/182<ref>[Statistical report on Tamil Nadu Assembly general elections 1996], p. 11</ref>
|-
| [[Thirteenth Assembly of Tamil Nadu|Thirteenth Assembly]] || 13 May 2006 || 14 May 2011|| Chief Minister (5)<ref name="assembly" />||96/132<ref>[Statistical report on Tamil Nadu Assembly general elections 2006], p. 11</ref>
|-
| [[Fourteenth Assembly of Tamil Nadu|Fourteenth Assembly]] || 16 May 2011 || 19 May 2016|| Member of Legislative Assembly ||23/124
|-
| [[Fifteenth Assembly of Tamil Nadu|Fifteenth Assembly]] || 19 May 2016 || 7 August 2018 (died)|| Member of Legislative Assembly ||89/176
|}

==Controversies==
===Ram Setu remarks===
In September 2007, the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) opposed [[Sethusamudram Canal]] project stating that it will demolish [[limestone]] shoals the party claimed to be remains of a bridge built by [[Rama]] to get to Lanka to save his wife [[Sita]]. He replied, "It is said that there was a God thousands of years ago called Ram. Do not touch the bridge built by him. I ask who is this Ram? Which engineering college did he graduate from?" His remarks caused a controversy. He then warned to union government of surrendering to [[Sectarianism|communal forces]] and claimed [[Ramayana]] was a fictional piece representing the [[Indo-Aryan migrations|Aryan-Dravidian confict]] and blamed Sri Lanka and communal elements for stalling the long-cherished dream of Tamils.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/where-is-proof-ram-built-bridge-asks-karunanidhi/217566/1|title=Where is proof Ram built bridge, asks Karunanidhi - Indian Express|website=archive.indianexpress.com}}</ref> [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] leader [[Ravi Shankar Prasad]] accused Karunanidhi of religious discrimination when noting "We would like to know from Karunanidhi if he would make a similar statement against the head of any other religion;"<ref name="Outlook-Eng">{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/will-karunanidhi-dare-to-ask-for-engineering-certificates-from-other-religions/505081|title=Will Karunanidhi dare to ask for engineering certificates from other religions?|website=https://www.outlookindia.com/}}</ref> CPM general secretary [[Prakash Karat]] came to his support and said "in this country, there are individuals with religious views and people like us. It is not wrong to voice an opinion".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/cpm-backs-karunanidhi-on-ram-setu/articleshow/2390065.cms|title=CPM backs Karunanidhi on Ram Setu | India News - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

Suspected [[Sangh Parivar]] activists attacked the house of Karunanidhi's daughter Selvi in Bangalore with [[Petrol Bombs|petrol bombs]] and stones over his comments.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2007/sep/18ram1.htm|title=Bomb hurled at TN CM's daughter's house|website=www.rediff.com}}</ref> A bus bound to Chennai was set on fire in Bangalore by a mob which [[Burn alive|burnt alive]] two people. The police blamed the attack on [[Hindu nationalism|Hindu activists]] who were enraged over his comments.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/chennai-bound-bus-set-on-fire-2-burnt-to-death/story-4TnHXPtYTMHR6mO00KjAmL.html|title=Chennai-bound bus set on fire, 2 burnt to death|date=September 19, 2007|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> Karunanidhi reiterated his statement and said the attacks showed the "true culture of Ram Sevaks."<ref name="Outlook-Eng" />

===Connections with LTTE===
In an April 2009 interview to [[NDTV]], Karunanidhi made a controversial remark stating that "[[Prabhakaran]] is my good friend" and also said, "India could not forgive the LTTE for assassinating Rajiv Gandhi".<ref>{{cite web|title=Karunanidhi flip flops, says can't forgive LTTE|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/karunanidhi-flip-flops-says-cant-forgive-ltte/90663-37.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090421163353/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/karunanidhi-flip-flops-says-cant-forgive-ltte/90663-37.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 April 2009|access-date=22 November 2013|publisher=CNN-IBN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=TamilNet|date=21 April 2012|title=Karunanidhi: "Tamil Eelam Still Around the Corner"|url=http://www.tamilnet.tv/tn/2012/04/karunanidhi-tamil-eelam-still-around-the-corner/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202234628/http://www.tamilnet.tv/tn/2012/04/karunanidhi-tamil-eelam-still-around-the-corner/|archive-date=2 December 2013|access-date=22 November 2013|publisher=Tamilnet.tv}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=S|first1=Rajanayagam|title=Popular Cinema and Politics in South India: The Films of MGR and Rajinikanth|date=12 June 2015|publisher=Routledge, 2015|isbn=978-1-317-58772-9}}</ref> An interim report of Justice [[Jain Commission]], which oversaw the investigation into [[Rajiv Gandhi]]'s assassination, had indicted Karunanidhi for abetting Rajiv Gandhi's murderers, who belonged to the [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]] (LTTE).<ref>{{cite magazine|title=India Today Cover Story Jain Commission Revelations: Damning the DMK]|url=http://www.india-today.com/itoday/17111997/cov.html|url-status=dead|magazine=India Today|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034354/http://www.india-today.com/itoday/17111997/cov.html|archive-date=24 September 2015|access-date=22 November 2013}}</ref> but the final report contained no such allegations.<ref>{{cite news|date=14 February 2004|title=No adverse comments on DMK leaders in Jain report|location=Chennai, India|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/02/14/stories/2004021405140100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040228033749/http://www.hindu.com/2004/02/14/stories/2004021405140100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 February 2004|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=22 November 2013}}</ref>

===Allegations of nepotism===
Karunanidhi has been accused by opponents, by some members of his party, and by other political observers of trying to promote [[nepotism]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=S|first1=Rajanayagam|title=Popular Cinema and Politics in South India: The Films of MGR and Rajinikanth|date=12 June 2015|publisher=Routledge, 2015|isbn=978-1317587729}}</ref>{{Page needed|date=July 2017}} Many political opponents and DMK party senior leaders have been critical of the rise of [[M. K. Stalin]] in the party.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}} But some of the party men have pointed out that Stalin has come up on his own. Stalin was jailed under the [[Maintenance of Internal Security Act]] (MISA) during the Emergency that a fellow DMK party prisoner died trying to save him.<ref>{{cite magazine|date=1 November 1999|title=Politics: Special Series; M K Stalin|url=http://www.india-today.com/itoday/19991101/stalin.html|url-status=dead|magazine=India Today|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034411/http://www.india-today.com/itoday/19991101/stalin.html|archive-date=24 September 2015|access-date=22 November 2013}}</ref>

==Books==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
* ''Sanga Tamizh''<ref name="IEbooks">{{Cite web|date=8 August 2018|title=Muthuvel Karunanidhi's life immortalised in books|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/karunanidhi-books-karunanidhi-funeral-karunanidhi-life-story-5297908/|access-date=12 December 2020|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
* ''Nenjukku needhi''<ref name="IEbooks" />
* ''Thenpandi singam''<ref name="dtbooks">{{Cite web|date=8 August 2018|title=கருணாநிதி எழுதிய நாடகங்கள், புத்தகங்கள்|url=http://www.dailythanthi.com/News/State/2018/08/08122053/Drama-and-Books-by-Karunanidhi.vpf|access-date=12 December 2020|website=Dailythanthi.com}}</ref>
* ''Thirukkural Urai''<ref name="IEbooks" />
* ''Payum puli pandara vanniyan''<ref name="dtbooks" />
* ''Sindhanaiyum seiyalum''<ref>{{Cite book|last=கருணாநிதி|first=கலைஞர் மு|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1v1AnQEACAAJ|title=சிந்தனையும் செயலும்|date=2006|publisher=தமிழ்க்கனி பதிப்பகம்|language=ta}}</ref>
* ''Nerukkadi neruppuaru''<ref>{{Cite book|last=கருணாநிதி|first=கலைஞர் மு|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kceGOwAACAAJ|title=நெருக்கடி நெருப்பாறு|date=2006|publisher=திருமகள் நிலையம்|language=ta}}</ref>
*''Pesum kalai Valarpom''<ref>{{Cite book|last=கருணாநிதி|first=கலைஞர் மு|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0O6SOwAACAAJ|title=பேசும் கலை வளர்ப்போம்|date=1999|publisher=பாரதி பதிப்பகம்|language=ta}}</ref>
*''Anaiya Vizhakku Anna<ref>{{Cite book|last=கருணாநிதி|first=கலைஞர் மு|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8ue3XwAACAAJ|title=அணையா விளக்கு அண்ணா|date=2010|publisher=தி. மு. க. தலைமைக்கழகம்|language=ta}}</ref>''
*''Yaaral? Yaaral? Yaaral?<ref>{{Cite book|last=கருணாநிதி|first=கலைஞர் மு|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q9_pOwAACAAJ|title=யாரால்? யாரால்? யாரால்?|date=1995|publisher=பாரதி பதிப்பகம்|language=ta}}</ref>''
*Sanga Tamil<ref>{{Cite book|last=கருணாநிதி|first=கலைஞர் மு|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jm1HPwAACAAJ|title=சங்கத் தமிழ்|date=2007|publisher=திருமகள் நிலையம்|language=ta}}</ref>
* ''Oru thalai kadhal''
*''Pongi Varum Puthu Vellam''<ref>{{Cite book|last=கருணாநிதி|first=கலைஞர் மு|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5i5-XwAACAAJ|title=பொங்கி வரும் புது வெள்ளம்|date=2000|publisher=திருமகள் நிலையம்|language=ta}}</ref>
{{col-break}}
*''Kaala Pethayum Kavithai Saaviyum''<ref>{{Cite book|last=கருணாநிதி|first=கலைஞர் மு|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qxNInQEACAAJ|title=காலப் பேழையும் கவிதைச் சாவியும்|date=2006|publisher=தமிழ்க்கனி பதிப்பகம்|language=ta}}</ref>
*''Ilaya Samuthayam Elugave''<ref>{{Cite book|last=கருணாநிதி|first=கலைஞர் மு|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wcVlPQAACAAJ|title=இளைய சமுதாயம் எழுகவே!|date=1996|publisher=திருமகள் நிலையம்|language=ta}}</ref>
* ''Kuraloviyam''<ref name="IEbooks" />
* ''Kalaignarin kavithai mazhai''<ref>{{Cite web|last=மு.கருணாநிதி|first=Kalaingar M. Karunanidhi [கலைஞர்|title=Kalaignarin Kavithai Mazhai [கலைஞரின் கவிதை மழை]|url=https://routemybook.com/products_details/kalaignarin-kavithai-mazhai-1706|access-date=12 December 2020|website=Routemybook|language=en}}</ref>
* ''Vaanpugazh konda valluvam''
* ''Romapuri Pandiyan''<ref name="IEbooks" />
* ''Iniyvai Irubadhu''<ref name="IEbooks" />
*''Mani Magudam''<ref>{{Cite book|last=கருணாநிதி|first=கலைஞர் மு|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5-8HPAAACAAJ|title=மணி மகுடம்|date=2001|publisher=பாரதி பதிப்பகம்|language=ta}}</ref>
*''Valimael Vizhivanthu''<ref>{{Cite book|last=கருணாநிதி|first=கலைஞர் மு|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t_u8MwEACAAJ|title=வழிமேல் விழிவைத்து|date=1997|publisher=திருமகள் நிலையம்|language=ta}}</ref>
* ''Vellikizhamai''<ref name="IEbooks" />
*''Marakka Mudiyuma''<ref>{{Cite book|last=கருணாநிதி|first=கலைஞர் மு|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F06sXwAACAAJ|title=மறக்கமுடியுமா?|date=2004|publisher=திராவிட முன்னேற்றக் கழகம்|language=ta}}</ref>
* ''Kalaignar sonna kathaigal''<ref>{{Cite book|last=கருணாநிதி|first=கலைஞர் மு|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wrvPOwAACAAJ|title=கலைஞர் சொன்ன கதைகள்|date=2004|publisher=பாரதி பதிப்பகம்|language=ta}}</ref>
* ''Ponnar sankar''<ref name="IEbooks" />
{{col-end}}

==See also==
*[[List of political families]]
*[[Karunanidhi family]]
*[[First Karunanidhi ministry]]
*[[Second Karunanidhi ministry]]
*[[Third Karunanidhi ministry]]
*[[Fourth Karunanidhi ministry]]
*[[Fifth Karunanidhi ministry]]

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book
| last = Guneratne
| ref = Guneratne
| first = Anthony R.
| author2=Wimal Dissanayake |author3=Sumita S. Chakravarty
| title = Rethinking Third Cinema
| publisher = Routledge
| year = 2003
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=2IFR0oHGHKUC
| isbn = 0-415-21354-1}}
* {{cite book | first=Sumathy| last=Ramaswamy|ref=Ramaswamy| year=1997| title= Passions of the tongue: language devotion in Tamil India, 1891–1970 | publisher=University of California Press| url=http://www.escholarship.org/editions/view?docId=ft5199n9v7&chunk.id=s2.2.10&toc.depth=1&toc.id=s1.2.8&brand=ucpress| isbn=0-520-20805-6}}
*{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QXEhEAAAQBAJ|title=Karunanidhi: A Life|last=Panneerselvan|first=A. S.|date=2021-03-15|publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited|isbn=978-93-90914-54-8|language=en}}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120326130359/http://caravanmagazine.in/Story.aspx?Storyid=817&StoryStyle=FullStory The Last Lear: A Long Profile of Muthuvel Karunanidhi by Vinod K Jose in The Caravan magazine]
*[http://www.tamilnation.org/hundredtamils/karunanidhi.htm Muthuvel Karunanidhi: One Hundred Tamils of 20th Century]{{dead link|date=July 2014}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-break}}

{{s-bef|before = [[C. N. Annadurai]]}}
{{s-ttl|title = [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]] First Tenure|years=1969–1976}}
{{s-vac|next=[[M. G. Ramachandran]]|reason=[[President's Rule]]}}
{{s-break}}

{{s-vac|last=[[Janaki Ramachandran]]|reason=[[President's Rule]]}}
{{s-ttl|title = [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]] Second Tenure|years=1989–1990}}
{{s-vac|next=[[J. Jayalalithaa]]|reason=[[President's Rule]]}}

{{s-bef|before = [[J. Jayalalithaa]]|rows=2}}
{{s-ttl|title = [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]] Third Tenure|years=1996–2001}}
{{s-aft|after = [[J. Jayalalithaa]]|rows=2}}

{{s-ttl|title = [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]] Fourth Tenure|years=2006–2011}}

{{s-end}}

{{Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu}}
{{Members of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly (2011–2016)|state=collapsed}}
{{Dravidian politics-hor}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Karunanidhi, M.}}
[[Category:Dravidian movement]]
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian atheists]]
[[Category:Indian male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Indian male screenwriters]]
[[Category:Tamil screenwriters]]
[[Category:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Indians imprisoned during the Emergency (India)]]
[[Category:Leaders of the Opposition in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Karunanidhi family]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
[[Category:Tirukkural commentators]]
[[Category:People from Nagapattinam district]]
[[Category:Members of the 2nd Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Members of the 3rd Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Members of the 4th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Members of the 5th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Members of the 6th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Members of the 7th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Members of the 9th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Members of the 10th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Members of the 11th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Members of the 12th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Members of the 13th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Members of the 14th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Members of the 15th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Members of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Council]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Deaths from multiple organ failure]]
[[Category:State funerals in India]]

P. U. Shanmugam

2022-04-30T18:08:46Z

Snthilakammarist:

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = P U Shanmugam
| image = pavushanmugam.jpg
| caption =
| office = [[General Secretary]] of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| term_start = 11 June 1980
| term_end = 13 March 1985
| predecessor = [[V. R. Nedunchezhiyan]]
| successor = [[S. Raghavanandam]]
| office2 = [[Convenor]] of DMK High Level Working Committee
| term_start2 = 1989
| term_end2 = 2007
| predecessor2 = position established
| successor2 = P. V. Kalyanasundaram [[K. Ponmudy]]
| office3 = Organising Secretary of [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| term_start3 = 1972
| term_end3 = 1977
| predecessor3 = [[N. V. Natarajan]]
| successor3 = Neela Narayanan
| office4 = [[Government of Tamil Nadu|Minister of Public Works (Government of Tamil Nadu)]]
| term_start4 = 1977
| term_end4 = 1980
| term_start5 = 1971
| term_end5 = 1975
| term_start6 = 1967
| term_end6 = 1971
| office7 = [[Government of Tamil Nadu|Minister of Home]]
| term_start7 = 1981
| term_end7 = 1984
| office8 = Member of Legislative Assembly
| term_start8 = 1984
| term_end8 = 1987
| constituency8 = [[Melmalayanur]]
| term9 = 1962-1967, 1967 - 1971, 1971 - 1975
| constituency9 = [[Tiruvannamalai]]
| birth_date = 15th August 1924
| birth_place = [[Tiruvannamalai]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]] (
| residence = [[Tiruvannamalai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]] [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]
| death_date = 11.04.2007
| death_place = Chennai
| party = [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] | otherparty = [[Makkal Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| religion =
| spouse =
| children =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''P U Shanmugam''', affectionately called as '''''Paa Vuu Saa''''' (15 August 1924 - 11 April 2007) was an Indian politician and former minister of Tamil Nadu for Internal affairs, former minister of Public works, former minister of public health and various other portfolios on various tenures. The Dravidian veteran was also worked as the Organisation Secretary of DMK and the General secretary of AIADMK.
He has came to political lime light after defeating Congress' candidate in Tiruvannamalai by-election in 1963 on DMK ticket.

== Early life ==
P U Shanmugam was born in a Tuluva Vellala Mudaliar family of Tiruvannamalai in 1924. He was SSLC educated at Municipal High School in Tiruvannamalai.<ref>{{cite book|title=Tamil Nadu Legislative Council Who is Who 1970-1971|date=January 1971|publisher=Legislative Council Department Fort St. George|pages=57}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=P.U. Shanmugam passes away|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/pu-shanmugam-passes-away/article1827804.ece|access-date=22 January 2016|agency=The Hindu Times|date=13 April 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Reed|editor1-first=Sir Stanley|title=The Times of India Directory and Year Book Including Who's who|date=1970|publisher=Bennett, Coleman & Company}}</ref>

His daughter late Mrs. Manimegalai was married to [[Gangai Amaran]]

== Legislative victories==
He was elected to the [[Tamil Nadu legislative assembly]] from [[Tiruvannamalai (State Assembly Constituency)|Tiruvannamalai constituency]] as an Independent candidate in [[1957 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1957 election]], as a [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] candidate in [[1971 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1971]], and [[1977 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1977 elections]].<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf 1957 Madras State Election Results, Election Commission of India]</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf 1971 Tamil Nadu Election Results, Election Commission of India]</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf 1977 Tamil Nadu Election Results, Election Commission of India]</ref> and from [[Melmalayanur (State Assembly Constituency)|Melmalayanur constituency]] as an [[Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] candidate in [[1980 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1980 election]].<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf 1980 Tamil Nadu Election Results, Election Commission of India]</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shanmugam, P. U.}}
[[Category:Members of the 2nd Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Members of the 3rd Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Members of the 5th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Members of the 6th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:2007 deaths]]

{{DMK-politician-stub}}
{{AIADMK-politician-stub}}

K. Rajaram

2022-04-30T18:07:06Z

Snthilakammarist:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix =
| name = K. Rajaram
| honorific-suffix =
| image = K Rajaram.jpg
| caption = Rajaram as speaker of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
| imagesize =
| order1 = Tamil Nadu minister for Food and Civil Supplies
| term_start1 = 1991
| term_end1 = 1992
| monarch1 =
| Chief minister1 = [[J. Jayalalitha]]
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| order2 = Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly for [[Panamarathupatti (State Assembly Constituency)|Panamarathupatti]]
| term_start2 = 1991
| term_end2 = 1996
| monarch2 =
| primeminister2 =
| predecessor2 = [[S. R. Sivalingam]]
| successor2 = [[S. R. Sivalingam]]
| order3 = Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly for [[Panamarathupatti (State Assembly Constituency)|Panamarathupatti]]
| term_start3 = 1980
| term_end3 = 1989
| monarch3 =
| primeminister3 =
| predecessor3 = [[N. Subbarayan]]
| successor3 = [[S. R. Sivalingam]]
| order4 = Tamil Nadu minister for Industries and Irrigation
| term_start4 = 1985
| term_end4 = 1989
| monarch4 =
| Chief minister4 = [[M. G. Ramachandran]]
| predecessor4 =
| successor4 =
| order5 = Speaker of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
| term_start5 = 1980
| term_end5 = 1985
| monarch5 =
| Chief minister5 = [[M. G. Ramachandran]]
| predecessor5 = [[Munu Adhi]]
| successor5 = [[P. H. Pandian]]
| order6 = Tamil Nadu minister for Labour
| term_start6 = 1973
| term_end6 = 1976
| monarch6 =
| Chief minister6 = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| predecessor6 =
| successor6 =
| order7 = Tamil Nadu minister for Housing and Backward Classes
| term_start7 = 1971
| term_end7 = 1973
| monarch7 =
| Chief minister7 = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| predecessor7 =
| successor7 =
| order8 = Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly for [[Salem - II (State Assembly Constituency)|Salem II]]
| term_start8 = 1971
| term_end8 = 1976
| monarch8 =
| primeminister8 =
| predecessor8 = [[E. R. Krishnan]]
| successor8 = [[M. Arumugam]]
| order9 = [[Member of parliament, Lok Sabha]] for [[Salem (Lok Sabha constituency)|Salem]]
| term_start9 = 1967
| term_end9 = 1971
| monarch9 =
| primeminister9 = [[Indira Gandhi]]
| predecessor9 = [[S. V. Ramaswamy]]
| successor9 = [[E. R. Krishnan]]
| order10 = [[Member of parliament, Lok Sabha]] for [[Krishnagiri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Krishnagiri]]
| term_start10 = 1962
| term_end10 = 1967
| monarch10 =
| primeminister10 = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]], [[Indira Gandhi]]
| predecessor10 = [[C. R. Narasimhan]]
| successor10 = [[M. Kamalanathan]]
| birth_date = 26 August 1926
| birth_place =
| death_date = 8 February 2008 (aged 82)
| death_place =
| party = [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] | ownparty =[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]], [[Makkal Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| religion =
| alma_mater =
| profession = [[Politician]]
| spouse = Santhakumari Rajaram
| children = R. Rajasekar
| parents = Father : Kasthuri Pillai Mother : Vijayambal
| relations = • K. Jayaseelan (Brother) • Dr. K. Rajendran ( Brother) • K. Sulochana (Sister) • K. Manonmani (Sister) • K. Prema (Sister) • Dr. K. Kanthraj (brother) • [[K. A. Manoharan|Dr. K. A. Manoharan]] (co - brother)
| signature =
}}

'''K. Rajaram''' (26 August 1926 – 8 February 2008) was an Indian politician of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (DMK) and later, [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (ADMK) and Member of the Legislative Assembly of [[Tamil Nadu]]. He served as the Speaker of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from 1980 to 1985.<ref name="india_speakerslist">{{cite web|title=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly: Details of terms of successive Legislative Assemblies constituted under the Constitution of India |url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/list/assemblies-overview.htm |publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006083126/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/list/assemblies-overview.htm |archive-date= 6 October 2014 }}</ref><ref name="tamilnadu_speakerslist">{{cite web|title=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly: Details of terms of successive Legislative Assemblies constituted under the Constitution of India|publisher=Government of India|url=http://legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in/STATISTICAL/tamilnadu.htm}}</ref>

Rajaram rose to prominence in 1962 when he defeated [[C. R. Narasimhan]], son of [[C. Rajagopalachari]] while contesting from Krishnagiri as a candidate of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam.<ref name="1962elections">{{cite web|title=Statistical Report on General Elections 1962 to the Second Lok Sabha|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1962/Vol_I_LS_62.pdf|publisher=Election Commission of India}}</ref> He was elected to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from [[Salem - II (State Assembly Constituency)|Salem II constituency]] in 1971 as a DMK candidate and from the [[Panamarathupatti (State Assembly Constituency)|Panamarathupatti constituency]] in 1980,84 and 91 as an ADMK candidate. He served as the Minister for Housing and Backward Classes during 1971–73 and as the Minister for Labour during 1973–76 in the [[M. Karunanidhi]] cabinet. He was the Minister for Industries during 1985–89 in the [[M. G. Ramachandran]] cabinet and the Minister for Food during 1991–92 in the [[J. Jayalalitha]] cabinet. He also served as a [[Member of parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Lok Sabha]] from [[Krishnagiri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Krishnagiri]] during 1962–67 and from [[Salem (Lok Sabha constituency)|Salem]] during 1967–71.<ref name="who">{{cite book |year=1993|title=India who's who |publisher=INFA Publications| pages=182| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L7EZAAAAYAAJ&q=rajaram}}</ref><ref name="data">{{cite book | year= 1985| title=Data India| publisher=Press Institute of India|pages=144| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pn9DAAAAYAAJ&q=K.+Rajaram}}</ref><ref name="recorder">{{cite book | year= 1992| title=Asian recorder, Issue 28| publisher=Recorder Press| pages=22085| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ez1tAAAAMAAJ&q=K.+Rajaram}}</ref>

==Literary works==
===Books===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Type
! Work
! Publisher
|-
| 1994
| Autobiography
| '''[[Oru Saamaaniyanin Ninaivugal]]''' (Tamil)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.nakkheeran.in/product-category/politics/|title=Politics – N Store}}</ref>
| [[Nakkheeran]] Publications
|}

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080212135731/http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/09/stories/2008020952980400.htm K. Rajaram's obituary]

{{s-start}}
{{succession box|title=Member of Indian Parliament (Lok Sabha) for Krishnagiri|before=[[C. R. Narasimhan]]|after=[[M. Kamalanathan]]|years=1962–1967}}
{{succession box|title=Member of Indian Parliament (Lok Sabha) for Salem|before=[[S. V. Ramaswamy]]|after=[[E. R. Krishnan]]|years=1967–1971}}
{{succession box|title=Speaker of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|before=[[Munu Adhi]]|after=[[P. H. Pandian]]|years=1980–1985}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajaram, K.}}
[[Category:1926 births]]
[[Category:2008 deaths]]
[[Category:Speakers of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:3rd Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:4th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:People from Krishnagiri district]]
[[Category:People from Salem district]]
[[Category:Members of the 10th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]

{{AIADMK-politician-stub}}

S. Madhavan

2022-04-30T18:05:43Z

Snthilakammarist:

{{peacock|date=June 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| birth_name =
| native_name =
| image =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1933|08|20}}
| birth_place = [[Singampunari]], [[Madura District (Madras Presidency)|Madura District]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2018|04|03|1933|08|20|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Singampunari]], [[Sivagangai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| residence = Chennai, Tamil Nadu
| office = Former Minister of Tamil Nadu
| term_start = 15 March 1971
| term_end = 31 January 1976
| firstminister = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| constituency = [[Tiruppattur (State Assembly Constituency)|Tiruppattur]]
| office1 =
| term_start1 = 10 February 1969
| term_end1 = 4 January 1971
| firstminister1 = [[Karunanidhi]]
| constituency1 = [[Tiruppattur (State Assembly Constituency)|Tiruppattur]]
| office2 =
| term_start2 = 6 March 1967
| term_end2 = 14 January 1969
| firstminister2 = [[C. N. Annadurai]]
| constituency2 = [[Tiruppattur (State Assembly Constituency)|Tiruppattur]]
| office3 = Member of [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Madras State Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start3 = 1984
| term_end3 = 1989
| firstminister3 = [[M. G. Ramachandran]]
| office4 =
| term_start4 = 1962
| term_end4 = 1967
| firstminister4 = [[K. Kamaraj]] & [[M. Bakthavatsalam]]
| Member of the upper house =
| Term start =
| Term end =
| nationality = Indian
| party = [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] |otherparty = [[Makkal Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (1977)
| party_position = Member of Higher Official Group
}}

'''S. Madhavan''' was an Indian politician and former [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. He was elected to the [[Tamil Nadu legislative assembly]] as a [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] candidate from [[Thirukoshtiyur]] constituency in [[1962 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1962 election]], from [[Tiruppattur (194) (State Assembly Constituency)|Tiruppattur constituency]] in [[1967 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1967]], [[1971 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1971 elections]] and as an [[Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] candidate in [[1984 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1984 election]].<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf 1962 Madras State Election Results, Election Commission of India]</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf 1967 Tamil Nadu Election Results, Election Commission of India]</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf 1971 Tamil Nadu Election Results, Election Commission of India]</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf 1984 Tamil Nadu Election Results, Election Commission of India]</ref><ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/former-dmk-minister-s-madhavan-dead-sivaganga/article23427480.ece. Former DMK Minister S. Madhavan dead]</ref>

==Early life and career==
Madhavan was born in Singampunari of Sivagangai district.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.nl/search?q=DMK+Minister+S.+Madhavan&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiH1vDK7KbaAhWQfFAKHUu_D_UQsAQISQ|title=DMK Minister S. Madhavan - Google Search|website=www.google.nl|language=en|access-date=2018-04-06}}</ref> He started his career as a lawyer, appearing for many DMK leaders in the 1950s. Eventually, he was attracted to the Dravidian movement and associated himself with Dravida Munnetra Kazhzagam. He got elected to the State Assembly from the Thirukoshtiyur constituency in 1962. After getting elected to the Assembly from Tirupattur constituency in the 1967 elections, he joined the cabinet headed by DMK founder leader C.N. Annadurai and served as Law Minister. Madhavan again got elected from the same constituency in the 1971 elections and held important portfolios in the Karunanidhi cabinet. In a short period the veteran leader served in the cabinets headed by late C.N. Annadurai and M. Karunanidhi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Anna-was-able-to-tap-into-Kamarajrsquos-success-Tharoor/article16583728.ece|title=Anna was able to tap into Kamaraj's success: Tharoor|date=2010-03-20|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-04-06|others=Special Correspondent|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Following a split in DMK he joined the AIADMK, accepting the leadership of late M.G. Ramachandran. He got elected to the Assembly in 1984 elections from Tirupattur as an AIADMK nominee. Later, he threw his lot with Jayalalithaa and became the treasurer of the party before lying low in politics. Madhavan had also been a Rajya Saba member from 1990 to 1996.

He had a cordial relationship with other party leaders in his constituency and in Tamil Nadu in general.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dtnext.in/News/City/2016/06/23220736/The-changing-face-of-Tamil-Nadu-Assembly.vpf|title=The changing face of Tamil Nadu Assembly|date=2016-06-24|work=dtNext.in|access-date=2018-04-14|language=en-US}}</ref> Several political articles were periodically penned by him in leading newspapers such as The Hindu, Dinamani and Murasoli.

==Death==
He died at the age of 85 due to age related illness on 3 April 2018 at his residence in Singampunari.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/former-dmk-minister-s-madhavan-dead-sivaganga/article23427480.ece|title=Former DMK Minister S. Madhavan dead|date=2018-04-03|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-04-06|others=Special Correspondent|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.puthiyathalaimurai.com/news/tamilnadu/43125-former-minister-madhavan-passed-away.html|title=முன்னாள் அமைச்சர் மாதவன் காலமானார்: இன்று இறுதிச்சடங்கு|last=yoursguna|work=Puthiyathalaimurai|access-date=2018-04-06|language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/former-dmk-minister-s-madhavan-passes-away/articleshow/63602909.cms|title=Former DMK minister S Madhavan passes away - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-04-06}}</ref> He is survived by his wife, two daughters and a son.<ref>{{Citation|last=Puthiya Thalaimurai TV|title=முன்னாள் அமைச்சர் செ. மாதவன் காலமானார் {{!}} Former DMK minister S Madhavan passed away at age 85|date=2018-04-03|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7NlWTWL2Bmk|accessdate=2018-04-06}}</ref> Following his passing, M.K. Stalin, AICC general secretary Thirunavukarasar, several former ministers, and prominent industrialists across Tamil Nadu paid tribute to Madhavan.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/stalin-pays-homage-to-former-minister-madhavan/article23438798.ece|title=Stalin pays homage to ex-Minister Madhavan|date=2018-04-05|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-04-15|others=Special Correspondent, Special Correspondent|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Madhavan, S.}}
[[Category:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]

V. R. Nedunchezhiyan

2022-04-30T18:04:52Z

Snthilakammarist: /* Life and career */

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{BLP sources|date=March 2020}}
{{Expand language|langcode=ta|date=April 2019}}
{{EngvarB|date=December 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = V. R. Nedunchezhiyan
| image = V.R. Nedunchezhiyan.jpg
| caption = Statue of V. R. Nedunchezhiyan
| office = Acting [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]]
| term_start = 24 December 1987
| term_end = 7 January 1988
| governor = [[Sundar Lal Khurana]]
| 1blankname = Political Party
| 1namedata = [[Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| predecessor = [[M. G. Ramachandran]]
| successor = [[V. N. Janaki|V. N. Janaki Ramachandran]]
| constituency = [[Athoor (state assembly constituency)|Athoor]]
| term_start1 = 3 February 1969
| term_end1 = 10 February 1969
| governor1 = [[Sardar Ujjal Singh]]
| 1blankname1 = Political Party
| 1namedata1 = [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| predecessor1 = [[C. N. Annadurai]]
| successor1 = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| constituency1 = [[Triplicane (state assembly constituency)|Triplicane]]
| office2 = [[Finance minister|Minister of Finance]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| term_start2 = 24 June 1991
| term_end2 = 12 May 1996
| 1blankname2 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata2 = [[J. Jayalalithaa]]
| term_start3 = 9 June 1980
| term_end3 = 24 December 1987
| 1blankname3 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata3 = [[M. G. Ramachandran]]
| term_start4 = 6 March 1967
| term_end4 = 31 January 1976
| 1blankname4 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata4 = [[C. N. Annadurai]], [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| office5 = General Secretary of the [[Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| term_start5 = 25 December 1987
| term_end5 = 8 February 1989
| predecessor5 = [[M. G. Ramachandran]]
| successor5 = [[J. Jayalalithaa]]
| term_start6 = 23 June 1978
| term_end6 = 10 June 1980
| predecessor6 = [[M. G. Ramachandran]]
| successor6 = [[P. U. Shanmugam]]
| office7 = General Secretary of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| term_start7 = 4 February 1969
| term_end7 = 1977
| predecessor7 = [[C. N. Annadurai]]
| successor7 = [[K. Anbazhagan]]
|term_start8 = 1956
|term_end8 = 1962 | predecessor8 = [[C. N. Annadurai]]
|successor8 = [[C. N. Annadurai]] | office9 = 3rd [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Leader of the Opposition in the Madras Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start9 = 29 March 1962
| term_end9 = 28 February 1967
| 1blankname9 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata9 = {{ubl|[[K. Kamaraj]]|[[M. Bhakthavatsalam]]}}
| predecessor9 = [[V. K. Ramaswami Mudaliar|V. K. Ramaswami]]
| successor9 = P. G. Karuthiruman
| constituency9 = [[Triplicane (state assembly constituency)|Triplicane]]
| birth_date = 11 July 1920
| birth_place = [[Thirukannapuram]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]] {{smaller|(present-day [[Tamil Nadu]], India)}}
| residence = Seethamma Colony, [[Teynampet]], [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2000|1|12|1920|7|11}}
| death_place = [[Chennai, Tamil Nadu]], India
| death_cause = [[Heart failure]]
| party = [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (1977-2000)
| otherparty = [[Dravidar Kazhagam]] (1944-1949) [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (1949-1979) [[Makkal Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (own party;1977)
| spouse = Visalakshi (m. 1950; d. 2016)
| children = 1 son
| signature = Signature of Nedunchezhiyan.jpg
| footnotes =
| birth_name = Ra. Go. Narayanasamy{{citation needed|date=August 2021}}
| parents =
}}

{{Dravidian politics-col}}

'''V. R. Nedunchezhiyan''' (11 July 1920 – 12 January 2000) was an Indian politician and writer. He served thrice as the acting [[Chief Minister]] of the state of [[Tamil Nadu]], India. He was also finance minister under the governments of [[C. N. Annadurai]], [[M. Karunanidhi]], [[M. G. Ramachandran]] and [[J. Jayalalithaa]]. For his literary contributions, he was also known as "Navalar" or the eloquent.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kannan |first1=R |title=‘Navalar’ Nedunchezhiyan: The Dravidian leader who remained a follower till the end|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/navalar-nedunchezhiyan-dravidian-leader-who-remained-follower-till-end-128939 |access-date=10 February 2021 |work=The News Minute |date=18 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

==Life and career==
Nedunchezhiyan was born at [[Thirukannapuram]] on 11 July 1920. He was graduated with a master's degree and a doctorate in [[Tamil literature]] from [[Annamalai University]]. He became involved in politics while at the university and joined the [[Dravidar Kazhagam]] party in 1944. In 1949, he and [[C. N. Annadurai]] formed the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (DMK), with the latter as leader and Nedunchezhiyan acting as deputy general secretary until 1955. He was general secretary between 1955 and 1961 and then chairman of the party's general council until 1969.<ref name="hindu2000"/>

Nedunchezhiyan was elected to the [[Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu]] in 1962. In 1967, he became the Minister of Education when the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] took power. He was briefly acting Chief Minister for the state following [[C. N. Annadurai]]'s death in 1969, taking the role until [[M. Karunanidhi]] was appointed. He then continued as a cabinet minister in the Karunanidhi cabinet until the DMK lost power in 1976.<ref name="hindu2000"/>

Together with [[K. Rajaram]], Nedunchezhiyan left the DMK to form a new political party called the ''[[Makkal Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]'' but this did not last long. The party merged with the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK), which was by then in government, in 1978 and from 1980 Nedunchezhiyan was again a cabinet minister, this time as a Minister of Finance under the leadership of AIADMK's [[M. G. Ramachandran]], until 1987. He became acting Chief Minister in 1988 when Ramachandran died. He was a candidate in the subsequent leadership election but lost to Ramachandran's wife, [[V. N. Janaki]] name="hindu2000"/>

Nedunchezhiyan briefly aligned himself with the [[J. Jayalalithaa]]-led group within the AIADMK but was expelled from the party in 1988 after disputes with its leaders. He stood in the 1989 state elections and later that year returned to the party fold after Jayalalithaa had successfully reunified it. He served as Minister of Finance again between 1991 and 1996.<ref name="hindu2000"/>

==Legislative election history==
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"
! Year !! Result !! Seat !! Party
|-
| [[1962 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1962]] || Won || Triplicane || DMK
|-
| [[1967 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1967]] || Won || Triplicane || DMK
|-
| [[1971 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1971]] || Won || Triplicane|| DMK
|-
| [[1977 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1977]] || Won || Triplicane || AIADMK
|-
| [[1980 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1980]] || Won || Thirunelveli || AIADMK
|-
| [[1984 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1984]] || Won || Athoor || AIADMK
|-
| [[1989 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1989]] || Lost || Mylapore || Independent
|-
| [[1991 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1991]] || Won || Theni || AIADMK
|-
| [[1996 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1996]] || Lost{{citation needed|date=April 2021}} || Theni || AIADMK
|}

==Personal life==
He married his wife, Visalakshi, in 1950, and they had one son.<ref name="hindu2000">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2000/01/13/stories/04132231.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504064440/http://www.hindu.com/2000/01/13/stories/04132231.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 May 2012 |title=Nedunchezhiyan dies of heart failure |date=13 January 2000 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=7 March 2013}}</ref>

He died on [[heart failure]] at [[Apollo Hospital]] on 12 January 2000.

== In popular culture ==
The character Madhivanan, played by [[Rajesh (actor)|Rajesh]], in the 1997 film ''[[Iruvar]]'' is loosely based on Nedunchezhiyan.

== See also ==
*[[First Nedunchezhiyan ministry]]
*[[Second Nedunchezhiyan ministry]]

==Books published==
{{unreferenced section|date=September 2020}}
Name of the book with year of publication.
Decimal Research (1943)
The Late Dravidian (1948)
Language Struggle (1948)
Repository (1948)
Tears and Red Water Development Corporation (1951)
Rise Murasu
New Path
Veera tamilgam
Ancient Greek (1953)
Giordano Bruno (1953)
Charles Bradley (1953)
Religion and Superstition (1955)
Purananooru Treasure (1961)
DMK (1961)
Brotherhood with Anna (1961)
Heart great pleasure (1982)
Thought Flowers (1982)
Learning love scenes
Narrinai katcigal (1982)
Telling Taste (Short Views) (1985)
Culture Honor (1985)
Novel Announcements to the Novel Country (1988)
Vadakkalathur Raja Gopalanar Biography (1991)
Thirukkural - Novel Clarification (1991)
Biography of #RevolutionaryBharatidasan (1994)

War of Social Justice (1996)
History of the Dravidian Movement (Part I) (1996)
Jain Commission Report - A Study (1997)
What I Saw and Heard in Life (2000)
After His- # Thirukkural Novel Text (Portable Edition) (2001)

==References==
{{reflist}}
* [http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/list/assemblies-overview.htm Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nedunchezhiyan, V R}}
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:2000 deaths]]
[[Category:Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Leaders of the Opposition in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
[[Category:People from Nagapattinam district]]
[[Category:Tirukkural commentators]]
[[Category:Members of the 10th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Thiruvalluvar Award]]

V. R. Nedunchezhiyan

2022-04-30T18:04:10Z

Snthilakammarist:

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{BLP sources|date=March 2020}}
{{Expand language|langcode=ta|date=April 2019}}
{{EngvarB|date=December 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = V. R. Nedunchezhiyan
| image = V.R. Nedunchezhiyan.jpg
| caption = Statue of V. R. Nedunchezhiyan
| office = Acting [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]]
| term_start = 24 December 1987
| term_end = 7 January 1988
| governor = [[Sundar Lal Khurana]]
| 1blankname = Political Party
| 1namedata = [[Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| predecessor = [[M. G. Ramachandran]]
| successor = [[V. N. Janaki|V. N. Janaki Ramachandran]]
| constituency = [[Athoor (state assembly constituency)|Athoor]]
| term_start1 = 3 February 1969
| term_end1 = 10 February 1969
| governor1 = [[Sardar Ujjal Singh]]
| 1blankname1 = Political Party
| 1namedata1 = [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| predecessor1 = [[C. N. Annadurai]]
| successor1 = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| constituency1 = [[Triplicane (state assembly constituency)|Triplicane]]
| office2 = [[Finance minister|Minister of Finance]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| term_start2 = 24 June 1991
| term_end2 = 12 May 1996
| 1blankname2 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata2 = [[J. Jayalalithaa]]
| term_start3 = 9 June 1980
| term_end3 = 24 December 1987
| 1blankname3 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata3 = [[M. G. Ramachandran]]
| term_start4 = 6 March 1967
| term_end4 = 31 January 1976
| 1blankname4 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata4 = [[C. N. Annadurai]], [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| office5 = General Secretary of the [[Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| term_start5 = 25 December 1987
| term_end5 = 8 February 1989
| predecessor5 = [[M. G. Ramachandran]]
| successor5 = [[J. Jayalalithaa]]
| term_start6 = 23 June 1978
| term_end6 = 10 June 1980
| predecessor6 = [[M. G. Ramachandran]]
| successor6 = [[P. U. Shanmugam]]
| office7 = General Secretary of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| term_start7 = 4 February 1969
| term_end7 = 1977
| predecessor7 = [[C. N. Annadurai]]
| successor7 = [[K. Anbazhagan]]
|term_start8 = 1956
|term_end8 = 1962 | predecessor8 = [[C. N. Annadurai]]
|successor8 = [[C. N. Annadurai]] | office9 = 3rd [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Leader of the Opposition in the Madras Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start9 = 29 March 1962
| term_end9 = 28 February 1967
| 1blankname9 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata9 = {{ubl|[[K. Kamaraj]]|[[M. Bhakthavatsalam]]}}
| predecessor9 = [[V. K. Ramaswami Mudaliar|V. K. Ramaswami]]
| successor9 = P. G. Karuthiruman
| constituency9 = [[Triplicane (state assembly constituency)|Triplicane]]
| birth_date = 11 July 1920
| birth_place = [[Thirukannapuram]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]] {{smaller|(present-day [[Tamil Nadu]], India)}}
| residence = Seethamma Colony, [[Teynampet]], [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2000|1|12|1920|7|11}}
| death_place = [[Chennai, Tamil Nadu]], India
| death_cause = [[Heart failure]]
| party = [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (1977-2000)
| otherparty = [[Dravidar Kazhagam]] (1944-1949) [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (1949-1979) [[Makkal Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (own party;1977)
| spouse = Visalakshi (m. 1950; d. 2016)
| children = 1 son
| signature = Signature of Nedunchezhiyan.jpg
| footnotes =
| birth_name = Ra. Go. Narayanasamy{{citation needed|date=August 2021}}
| parents =
}}

{{Dravidian politics-col}}

'''V. R. Nedunchezhiyan''' (11 July 1920 – 12 January 2000) was an Indian politician and writer. He served thrice as the acting [[Chief Minister]] of the state of [[Tamil Nadu]], India. He was also finance minister under the governments of [[C. N. Annadurai]], [[M. Karunanidhi]], [[M. G. Ramachandran]] and [[J. Jayalalithaa]]. For his literary contributions, he was also known as "Navalar" or the eloquent.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kannan |first1=R |title=‘Navalar’ Nedunchezhiyan: The Dravidian leader who remained a follower till the end|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/navalar-nedunchezhiyan-dravidian-leader-who-remained-follower-till-end-128939 |access-date=10 February 2021 |work=The News Minute |date=18 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

==Life and career==
Nedunchezhiyan was born at [[Thirukannapuram]] on 11 July 1920. He was graduated with a master's degree and a doctorate in [[Tamil literature]] from [[Annamalai University]]. He became involved in politics while at the university and joined the [[Dravidar Kazhagam]] party in 1944. In 1949, he and [[C. N. Annadurai]] formed the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (DMK), with the latter as leader and Nedunchezhiyan acting as deputy general secretary until 1955. He was general secretary between 1955 and 1961 and then chairman of the party's general council until 1969.<ref name="hindu2000"/>

Nedunchezhiyan was elected to the [[Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu]] in 1962. In 1967, he became the Minister of Education when the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] took power. He was briefly acting Chief Minister for the state following [[C. N. Annadurai]]'s death in 1969, taking the role until [[M. Karunanidhi]] was appointed. He then continued as a cabinet minister in the Karunanidhi cabinet until the DMK lost power in 1976.<ref name="hindu2000"/>

Together with [[K. Rajaram]], Nedunchezhiyan left the DMK to form a new political party called the ''[[Makkal Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]'' but this did not last long. The party merged with the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK), which was by then in government, in 1978 and from 1980 Nedunchezhiyan was again a cabinet minister, this time as a Minister of Finance under the leadership of AIADMK's [[M. G. Ramachandran]], until 1987. He became acting Chief Minister in 1988 when Ramachandran died. He was a candidate in the subsequent leadership election but lost to Ramachandran's wife, [[Janaki Ramachandran]].<ref name="hindu2000"/>

Nedunchezhiyan briefly aligned himself with the [[J. Jayalalithaa]]-led group within the AIADMK but was expelled from the party in 1988 after disputes with its leaders. He stood in the 1989 state elections and later that year returned to the party fold after Jayalalithaa had successfully reunified it. He served as Minister of Finance again between 1991 and 1996.<ref name="hindu2000"/>

==Legislative election history==
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"
! Year !! Result !! Seat !! Party
|-
| [[1962 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1962]] || Won || Triplicane || DMK
|-
| [[1967 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1967]] || Won || Triplicane || DMK
|-
| [[1971 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1971]] || Won || Triplicane|| DMK
|-
| [[1977 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1977]] || Won || Triplicane || AIADMK
|-
| [[1980 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1980]] || Won || Thirunelveli || AIADMK
|-
| [[1984 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1984]] || Won || Athoor || AIADMK
|-
| [[1989 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1989]] || Lost || Mylapore || Independent
|-
| [[1991 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1991]] || Won || Theni || AIADMK
|-
| [[1996 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1996]] || Lost{{citation needed|date=April 2021}} || Theni || AIADMK
|}

==Personal life==
He married his wife, Visalakshi, in 1950, and they had one son.<ref name="hindu2000">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2000/01/13/stories/04132231.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504064440/http://www.hindu.com/2000/01/13/stories/04132231.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 May 2012 |title=Nedunchezhiyan dies of heart failure |date=13 January 2000 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=7 March 2013}}</ref>

He died on [[heart failure]] at [[Apollo Hospital]] on 12 January 2000.

== In popular culture ==
The character Madhivanan, played by [[Rajesh (actor)|Rajesh]], in the 1997 film ''[[Iruvar]]'' is loosely based on Nedunchezhiyan.

== See also ==
*[[First Nedunchezhiyan ministry]]
*[[Second Nedunchezhiyan ministry]]

==Books published==
{{unreferenced section|date=September 2020}}
Name of the book with year of publication.
Decimal Research (1943)
The Late Dravidian (1948)
Language Struggle (1948)
Repository (1948)
Tears and Red Water Development Corporation (1951)
Rise Murasu
New Path
Veera tamilgam
Ancient Greek (1953)
Giordano Bruno (1953)
Charles Bradley (1953)
Religion and Superstition (1955)
Purananooru Treasure (1961)
DMK (1961)
Brotherhood with Anna (1961)
Heart great pleasure (1982)
Thought Flowers (1982)
Learning love scenes
Narrinai katcigal (1982)
Telling Taste (Short Views) (1985)
Culture Honor (1985)
Novel Announcements to the Novel Country (1988)
Vadakkalathur Raja Gopalanar Biography (1991)
Thirukkural - Novel Clarification (1991)
Biography of #RevolutionaryBharatidasan (1994)

War of Social Justice (1996)
History of the Dravidian Movement (Part I) (1996)
Jain Commission Report - A Study (1997)
What I Saw and Heard in Life (2000)
After His- # Thirukkural Novel Text (Portable Edition) (2001)

==References==
{{reflist}}
* [http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/list/assemblies-overview.htm Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nedunchezhiyan, V R}}
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:2000 deaths]]
[[Category:Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Leaders of the Opposition in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
[[Category:People from Nagapattinam district]]
[[Category:Tirukkural commentators]]
[[Category:Members of the 10th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Thiruvalluvar Award]]

Makkal Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam

2022-04-30T17:59:44Z

Snthilakammarist: Created page with "{{Unreferenced}} '''Makkal Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam'''({{lang-ta|மக்கள் திராவிட முன்னேற்ற கழகம்}}) split from the DMK in 1977 V. R. Nedunchezhiyan and K. Rajaram started this party together. == Party Start == Following the death of Annadurai on February 3, 1969, the day after Anna's burial, the next Chief Minister of the DMK was announced. Karunanidhi..."

{{Unreferenced}} '''Makkal Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam'''({{lang-ta|மக்கள் திராவிட முன்னேற்ற கழகம்}}) split from the DMK in 1977 [[V. R. Nedunchezhiyan]] and [[K. Rajaram]] started this party together.
== Party Start ==
Following the death of Annadurai on February 3, 1969, the day after Anna's burial, the next Chief Minister of the DMK was announced. [[Karunanidhi]], [[V. R. Nedunchezhiyan]] There was a fierce rivalry between Nedunchezhiyan and. Nedunchezhiyan, who tried to persuade Periyar to compromise and make Karunanidhi the chief minister without contest, did not agree. Later, when Karunanidhi was elected as the leader of the assembly party, Nedunchezhiyan resigned from the cabinet. M. Karunanidhi, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu assumes responsibility. <ref> Memory Waves; Santa Publishing; Page 657-661 </ref>
1969- In the month of July [[M. Karunanidhi]] DMK. As chairman, [[V. R. Nedunchezhiyan]] was also elected General Secretary. In the 1977 Indian general election, the AIADMK-led coalition won 34 of the 39 seats. Leading figures in the party, such as U. Shanmugam, blamed Karunanidhi for the DMK's defeat in the general election and demanded that Karunanidhi resign as party leader.He also formed the "Makkal Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam".Nedunchezhiyan was the President and Rajaram was the general secretary of the Makkal's DMK.
== Competition in the election ==
The AIADMK won the 1977 assembly elections. In the alliance formed, the people supported the DMK. Featured.
== Party Dissolution ==
After the AIADMK won the assembly elections, the party merged with the AIADMK.[[Category:Defunct political parties in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Political parties with year of establishment missing]]
[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 1977]]
[[Category:1977 disestablishments in India]]

V. R. Nedunchezhiyan

2022-04-30T17:59:29Z

Snthilakammarist: /* Life and career */

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{BLP sources|date=March 2020}}
{{Expand language|langcode=ta|date=April 2019}}
{{EngvarB|date=December 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = V. R. Nedunchezhiyan
| image = V.R. Nedunchezhiyan.jpg
| caption = Statue of V. R. Nedunchezhiyan
| office = Acting [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]]
| term_start = 24 December 1987
| term_end = 7 January 1988
| governor = [[Sundar Lal Khurana]]
| 1blankname = Political Party
| 1namedata = [[Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| predecessor = [[M. G. Ramachandran]]
| successor = [[V. N. Janaki|V. N. Janaki Ramachandran]]
| constituency = [[Athoor (state assembly constituency)|Athoor]]
| term_start1 = 3 February 1969
| term_end1 = 10 February 1969
| governor1 = [[Sardar Ujjal Singh]]
| 1blankname1 = Political Party
| 1namedata1 = [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| predecessor1 = [[C. N. Annadurai]]
| successor1 = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| constituency1 = [[Triplicane (state assembly constituency)|Triplicane]]
| office2 = [[Finance minister|Minister of Finance]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| term_start2 = 24 June 1991
| term_end2 = 12 May 1996
| 1blankname2 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata2 = [[J. Jayalalithaa]]
| term_start3 = 9 June 1980
| term_end3 = 24 December 1987
| 1blankname3 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata3 = [[M. G. Ramachandran]]
| term_start4 = 6 March 1967
| term_end4 = 31 January 1976
| 1blankname4 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata4 = [[C. N. Annadurai]], [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| office5 = General Secretary of the [[Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| term_start5 = 25 December 1987
| term_end5 = 8 February 1989
| predecessor5 = [[M. G. Ramachandran]]
| successor5 = [[J. Jayalalithaa]]
| term_start6 = 23 June 1978
| term_end6 = 10 June 1980
| predecessor6 = [[M. G. Ramachandran]]
| successor6 = [[P. U. Shanmugam]]
| office7 = General Secretary of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| term_start7 = 4 February 1969
| term_end7 = 1977
| predecessor7 = [[C. N. Annadurai]]
| successor7 = [[K. Anbazhagan]]
|term_start8 = 1956
|term_end8 = 1962 | predecessor8 = [[C. N. Annadurai]]
|successor8 = [[C. N. Annadurai]] | office9 = 3rd [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Leader of the Opposition in the Madras Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start9 = 29 March 1962
| term_end9 = 28 February 1967
| 1blankname9 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata9 = {{ubl|[[K. Kamaraj]]|[[M. Bhakthavatsalam]]}}
| predecessor9 = [[V. K. Ramaswami Mudaliar|V. K. Ramaswami]]
| successor9 = P. G. Karuthiruman
| constituency9 = [[Triplicane (state assembly constituency)|Triplicane]]
| birth_date = 11 July 1920
| birth_place = [[Thirukannapuram]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]] {{smaller|(present-day [[Tamil Nadu]], India)}}
| residence = Seethamma Colony, [[Teynampet]], [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2000|1|12|1920|7|11}}
| death_place = [[Chennai, Tamil Nadu]], India
| death_cause = [[Heart failure]]
| party = [[Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (1980-2000)
| otherparty = [[Dravidar Kazhagam]] (1944-1949) [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (1949-1979)
| spouse = Visalakshi (m. 1950; d. 2016)
| children = 1 son
| signature = Signature of Nedunchezhiyan.jpg
| footnotes =
| birth_name = Ra. Go. Narayanasamy{{citation needed|date=August 2021}}
| parents =
}}

{{Dravidian politics-col}}

'''V. R. Nedunchezhiyan''' (11 July 1920 – 12 January 2000) was an Indian politician and writer. He served thrice as the acting [[Chief Minister]] of the state of [[Tamil Nadu]], India. He was also finance minister under the governments of [[C. N. Annadurai]], [[M. Karunanidhi]], [[M. G. Ramachandran]] and [[J. Jayalalithaa]]. For his literary contributions, he was also known as "Navalar" or the eloquent.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kannan |first1=R |title=‘Navalar’ Nedunchezhiyan: The Dravidian leader who remained a follower till the end|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/navalar-nedunchezhiyan-dravidian-leader-who-remained-follower-till-end-128939 |access-date=10 February 2021 |work=The News Minute |date=18 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

==Life and career==
Nedunchezhiyan was born at [[Thirukannapuram]] on 11 July 1920. He was graduated with a master's degree and a doctorate in [[Tamil literature]] from [[Annamalai University]]. He became involved in politics while at the university and joined the [[Dravidar Kazhagam]] party in 1944. In 1949, he and [[C. N. Annadurai]] formed the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (DMK), with the latter as leader and Nedunchezhiyan acting as deputy general secretary until 1955. He was general secretary between 1955 and 1961 and then chairman of the party's general council until 1969.<ref name="hindu2000"/>

Nedunchezhiyan was elected to the [[Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu]] in 1962. In 1967, he became the Minister of Education when the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] took power. He was briefly acting Chief Minister for the state following [[C. N. Annadurai]]'s death in 1969, taking the role until [[M. Karunanidhi]] was appointed. He then continued as a cabinet minister in the Karunanidhi cabinet until the DMK lost power in 1976.<ref name="hindu2000"/>

Together with [[K. Rajaram]], Nedunchezhiyan left the DMK to form a new political party called the ''[[Makkal Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]'' but this did not last long. The party merged with the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK), which was by then in government, in 1978 and from 1980 Nedunchezhiyan was again a cabinet minister, this time as a Minister of Finance under the leadership of AIADMK's [[M. G. Ramachandran]], until 1987. He became acting Chief Minister in 1988 when Ramachandran died. He was a candidate in the subsequent leadership election but lost to Ramachandran's wife, [[Janaki Ramachandran]].<ref name="hindu2000"/>

Nedunchezhiyan briefly aligned himself with the [[J. Jayalalithaa]]-led group within the AIADMK but was expelled from the party in 1988 after disputes with its leaders. He stood in the 1989 state elections and later that year returned to the party fold after Jayalalithaa had successfully reunified it. He served as Minister of Finance again between 1991 and 1996.<ref name="hindu2000"/>

==Legislative election history==
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"
! Year !! Result !! Seat !! Party
|-
| [[1962 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1962]] || Won || Triplicane || DMK
|-
| [[1967 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1967]] || Won || Triplicane || DMK
|-
| [[1971 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1971]] || Won || Triplicane|| DMK
|-
| [[1977 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1977]] || Won || Triplicane || AIADMK
|-
| [[1980 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1980]] || Won || Thirunelveli || AIADMK
|-
| [[1984 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1984]] || Won || Athoor || AIADMK
|-
| [[1989 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1989]] || Lost || Mylapore || Independent
|-
| [[1991 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1991]] || Won || Theni || AIADMK
|-
| [[1996 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1996]] || Lost{{citation needed|date=April 2021}} || Theni || AIADMK
|}

==Personal life==
He married his wife, Visalakshi, in 1950, and they had one son.<ref name="hindu2000">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2000/01/13/stories/04132231.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504064440/http://www.hindu.com/2000/01/13/stories/04132231.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 May 2012 |title=Nedunchezhiyan dies of heart failure |date=13 January 2000 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=7 March 2013}}</ref>

He died on [[heart failure]] at [[Apollo Hospital]] on 12 January 2000.

== In popular culture ==
The character Madhivanan, played by [[Rajesh (actor)|Rajesh]], in the 1997 film ''[[Iruvar]]'' is loosely based on Nedunchezhiyan.

== See also ==
*[[First Nedunchezhiyan ministry]]
*[[Second Nedunchezhiyan ministry]]

==Books published==
{{unreferenced section|date=September 2020}}
Name of the book with year of publication.
Decimal Research (1943)
The Late Dravidian (1948)
Language Struggle (1948)
Repository (1948)
Tears and Red Water Development Corporation (1951)
Rise Murasu
New Path
Veera tamilgam
Ancient Greek (1953)
Giordano Bruno (1953)
Charles Bradley (1953)
Religion and Superstition (1955)
Purananooru Treasure (1961)
DMK (1961)
Brotherhood with Anna (1961)
Heart great pleasure (1982)
Thought Flowers (1982)
Learning love scenes
Narrinai katcigal (1982)
Telling Taste (Short Views) (1985)
Culture Honor (1985)
Novel Announcements to the Novel Country (1988)
Vadakkalathur Raja Gopalanar Biography (1991)
Thirukkural - Novel Clarification (1991)
Biography of #RevolutionaryBharatidasan (1994)

War of Social Justice (1996)
History of the Dravidian Movement (Part I) (1996)
Jain Commission Report - A Study (1997)
What I Saw and Heard in Life (2000)
After His- # Thirukkural Novel Text (Portable Edition) (2001)

==References==
{{reflist}}
* [http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/list/assemblies-overview.htm Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nedunchezhiyan, V R}}
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:2000 deaths]]
[[Category:Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Leaders of the Opposition in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
[[Category:People from Nagapattinam district]]
[[Category:Tirukkural commentators]]
[[Category:Members of the 10th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Thiruvalluvar Award]]

T. Rajendar

2022-04-27T11:27:16Z

Snthilakammarist:

{{Short description|Indian actor and director,politician}}
{{pp-pc1}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{BLP sources|date=March 2009}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = T. Rajendar
| image = Vijaya. t. rajendar.jpeg
| image_size = 300px
| caption =
| birth_name = Thesingu Rajender
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1955|10|3}}
| birth_place = [[Mayiladuthurai, Tamil Nadu]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other_names =
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 1996
| term_end = 2001
| predecessor = U. Baluraman
| successor = S. G. Vinayakamurthi
| constituency = [[Park Town (state assembly constituency)|Park Town]] | office2 = President Of [[Latchiya Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] | term_start2 = April 2004 |predecessor2 = ''postion established'' | office3 = General Secretary Of [[Thayaga Marumalarchi Kazhagam]] | term_start3 = April 1991 | term_end3 = April 1996 | predecessor3 = ''postion established'' | successor3 = ''postion abolished''
| occupation = Actor, filmmaker, musician, cinematographer and distributor, politician<ref name=politician>[http://www.indiaglitz.com/tr-to-stay-away-from-polls-tamil-news-65268.html ''TR to stay away from polls''], IndiaGlitz, 26 March 2011. Retrieved 15 June 2015.</ref>
| party = [[Latchiya Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (from 2004)
| otherparty = [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (until 1991 and 1995-2004)
[[Thayaga Marumalarchi Kazhagam]] (1991-1995)
| spouse = Usha Rajendar
| children = 3 including [[Silambarasan]] and [[Kuralarasan]]
| website =
| imagesize =
| notable role =
}}
'''Vijaya Rajendar''' (born ''Thesingu Rajendar'',3 October 1955), better known as '''T. Rajendar''', '''T. R.''', is an Indian actor, filmmaker, musician, [[cinematographer]] and distributor who works primarily in Tamil film industry.<ref name = tr/> He was a Founding President Of [[Latchiya Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]].

==Family==
T. Rajendar is married to former actress Usha Rajendar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/simbu-s-parents-t-rajendar-and-usha-on-his-marriage-we-are-looking-for-a-suitable-girl-for-him-1686432-2020-06-07|title=Simbu's parents T Rajendar and Usha on his marriage: We are looking for a suitable girl for him}}</ref> They have two sons, [[Silambarasan]] and [[Kuralarasan]], and one daughter, Ilakiya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.entertainmentcorner.in/galleries/rare_unseen_pics/silambarasan-with-family-and-friends/attachment/simbu-kuralarasan-ilakiya-family-photo/|title = Simbu-kuralarasan-ilakiya-family-photo|date = 7 January 2015}}</ref> His wife has served as the producer for some of his films, such as ''[[Kadhal Azhivathillai]]'' (2002).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chennaimemes.in/just-in-finally-str-getting-married-heres-what-the-actor-has-to-say/|title=JUST IN : Finally STR Getting Married ?? Here's What the Actor Has to Say !! | Chennai Memes}}</ref>

==Film career==
Rajendar started off in the [[Kollywood]] industry making successful films which included him as an actor, playback singer, dancer and scriptwriter. He gained popularity through his one-of-a-kind style of acting. He normally serves as, but not limited to director, actor, songwriter, art director, production manager and [[playback singer]]. During the 1980s, all his movies were blockbusters, running for years and the songs were also well appreciated.<ref name = tr>Anantharam, Chitra Deepa (27 March 2017) [https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/i-am-the-pioneer-of-kuthu-t-rajendar-or-tr/article17676587.ece I am the pioneer of kuthu: T Rajendherr]. ''The Hindu''</ref> He is known for introducing new faces in his movies, and many of the actresses who debuted in his movies have been successful in South Cinema, including [[Amala (actress)|Amala]], [[Nalini (actress)|Nalini]], Jyothi, [[Jeevitha]] and [[Mumtaj]].

After some years, Rajendar's films started to decline in popularity because his films became too predictable, tending to follow the same storyline and oratory style of repetitious dialogues with little if any meaning.<ref name="tamilchannel.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.tamilchannel.com/news_page/29/3995/Rajender_gets_ready_with_Oru_thalai_kadhal/ |title=Rajender gets ready with 'Oru thalai kadhal' |publisher=Tamilchannel.com |date=26 December 2010 |access-date=13 March 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323074020/http://www.tamilchannel.com/news_page/29/3995/Rajender_gets_ready_with_Oru_thalai_kadhal/ |archive-date=23 March 2012 }}</ref> For example, his films always contain a [[sentimentality|sentimental]] scene involving the hero's younger sister in distress, coupled with the same rhyming rhetoric and gestures.<ref name="tamilchannel.com"/>

Rajendar recently started his own web TV channel called 'Kural TV' (Voice TV).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/03/07/stories/2009030753531200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104045712/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/03/07/stories/2009030753531200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 November 2009|title=His virtual world: Actor T. Rajendar launches a web television |date=7 March 2009|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=15 July 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kuraltv.com/ |title=Tamil Cinema News – Kural Tv | Tamil Movie News | Tamil Movie Latest News | First On Net Cinema News |publisher=Kural Tv |date=20 August 2011 |access-date=13 March 2012}}</ref> Originally he wanted to start a [[24-hour]] TV channel but could not, due to problems arising while securing a license. The channel, apart from broadcasting his movies and speeches, tends to echo sentiments towards the plight of Tamils (especially women) in Sri Lanka.

Rajendar had started talking with "common" people through Skype and discussing latest politics in the recent years. Rajendar also [[Film distributor|distributes]] films under his home banner "Simbu cine arts". His latest film distribution, as of mid-2011 is his son Silambarasan's film ''[[Vaanam]]'', which will be distributed in the [[Chennai]] and [[Madurai]] region.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/66148.html |title=TR buys 'Vaanam' rights – Tamil Movie News |publisher=IndiaGlitz |access-date=13 March 2012}}</ref>

Since early 2008, Rajendar has been slowly working on the production of a film titled ''Oru Thalai Kadhal'', a tale based on a village singer, in which he stars in the lead role.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/vijaya-t-rajendar-inspired-by-ameer-tamil-news-37168.html|title=Vijaya T. Rajendar inspired by Ameer – Tamil Movie News|website= IndiaGlitz.com|date=11 March 2008|access-date=16 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/features/Interviews/interview-5/director/vijaya-t-rajendar.html|title=Director Vijaya T. Rajendar – Interview – Behindwoods.com – Director Vijaya T. Rajendar Veerasamy Sonnal Thaan Kathala Kadhal Azhivathillai Monisha En Monalisa images tamil picture gallery images|website=Behindwoods.com|access-date=16 July 2018}}</ref> In 2011, he released a first look poster for the film and revealed that three heroines from Mumbai would star alongside him.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kollyinsider.com/2011/02/t-rajendars-oru-thalai-kadhal-start.html|title=T Rajendar's Oru Thalai Kadhal start rolling from today|website=Kollyinsider.com|access-date=16 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-events/Vijaya-T-Rajendar-20-03-12.html|title=Vijaya T Rajendar|website=Behindwoods.com|access-date=16 July 2018}}</ref> He provided an update in 2014, that the film was still under production and that it was sixty-five percent complete.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.onlykollywood.com/t-rajendar-oru-thalai-kadhal-film-two-heroines/|title=Two heroines for T Rajendar in 'Oru Thalai Kadhal' – Only Kollywood|date=8 July 2014|website=Onlykollywood.com|access-date=16 July 2018}}</ref> He has also revealed that he was working on a script to launch his second son, Kuralarasan, as a lead actor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/oru-thalai-kadhal-is-a-romantic-entertainer-tr-tamil-news-62563.html|title="Oru Thalai Kadhal" is a romantic entertainer|website=IndiaGlitz.com|date=24 December 2010|access-date=16 July 2018}}</ref>

==Political career==
Rajendar founded the [[Thayaga Marumalarchi Kazhagam]] party in 1991 after he had been expelled from the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (DMK) party.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sify.com/news/fullstory.php?id=13462493 |title=Tamil film artiste launches new party|date=26 April 2004|work=Sify |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070322040940/http://sify.com/news/fullstory.php?id=13462493|archive-date=22 March 2007}}</ref>In 1996, after [[Vaiko]]'s departure from the DMK and the formation of [[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]], Rajendar's TMK merged with the DMK. Rajendar left the DMK again in 2004, to form the [[All India Latchiya Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]].<ref name="frontline3">{{cite web
|first =T. S.
|last = Subramanian
| url =http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2220/stories/20051007003203900.htm
| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20060427114343/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2220/stories/20051007003203900.htm
| url-status =usurped
| archive-date =27 April 2006
| title = Another actor in politics
| work = [[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]
| publisher = [[The Hindu Group]]
| date = 7 October 2005
| accessdate = 20 January 2010
}}</ref><ref name="frontline4">{{cite web
|first =T. S.
|last = Subramanian
| url = http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl2115/stories/20040730003803600.htm
| title = The celluloid connection
| work = [[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]
| publisher = [[The Hindu Group]]
| date = 30 July 2004
| accessdate = 20 January 2010
}}</ref><ref name ="results">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf 1991 Tamil Nadu Election Results, Election Commission of India] ''accessed'' 19 April 2009</ref> Before expulsion, he was the propaganda secretary of DMK and was elected from [[Park Town (State Assembly Constituency)|Park Town constituency]] in the [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996 Assembly polls]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/t-rajendar-rejoins-dmk/article5510667.ece|title=T. Rajendar rejoins DMK|date=28 December 2013|access-date=16 July 2018|website=Thehindu.com}}</ref> He further supported the [[AIADMK]] in the [[2006 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|2006 Assembly elections]]. After those 2006 elections, the DMK came back to power and he was made vice-chairman of the Small Savings Scheme. He subsequently quit the post.<ref name = tr/>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Year!! rowspan="2" | Film !! colspan="5" | Credited as !! rowspan="2" |Role !!rowspan="2" class="unsortable"| Notes
|-
! style="width:60px;"|Director !! style="width:60px;"|Writer!! style="width:60px;"|Actor !! style="width:60px;"|Music & Lyrics !! style="width:60px;"|Producer
|-
| 1980|| ''[[Oru Thalai Ragam]]'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}}||style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| || Cameo appearance
|-
| 1980|| ''Vasantha Azhaipugal'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || || || Cameo appearance
|-
| 1981|| ''[[Rail Payanangalil]] '' || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| || Cameo appearance
|-
| 1981|| ''[[Kilinjalgal]]'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} ||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || ||
|-
| 1982|| ''Nenjil Oru Raagam'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || || || Cameo appearance
|-
| 1982|| ''[[Sattam Sirikkiradhu]]'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || ||
|-
| 1982|| ''Raagam Thedum Pallavi'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || || || Cameo appearance
|-
| 1983|| ''[[Thangaikkor Geetham]]'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} ||Soolakaruppan ||Nominated, [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil]]
|-
| 1983|| ''[[Uyirullavarai Usha]]'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || ||
|-
| 1984|| ''[[Uravai Kaatha Kili]]'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || ||
|-
| 1985|| ''Unakkaga Oru Roja'' || || || || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || || ||
|-
| 1986|| ''Pookalai Pareekatheergal'' || || || || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || || ||
|-
| 1986|| ''[[Mythili Ennai Kaathali]]'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} ||Manickam ||
|-
| 1987|| ''[[Cooliekkaran]]'' || || || || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || || ||
|-
| 1987|| ''[[Ivargal Varungala Thoongal]]'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || ||
|-
| 1987|| ''[[Muthukkal Moondru]]'' ||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || ||
|-
| 1987|| ''[[Poo Poova Poothirukku]]'' || || || || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || || ||
|-
| 1987|| ''[[Oru Thayin Sabhatham]]'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || ||
|-
| 1987|| ''Pookal Vidum Thoodhu'' || || || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || || ||
|-
| 1987|| ''[[Aayusu Nooru]]'' || || || || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || || ||
|-
| 1988
|| ''[[En Thangai Kalyani]]'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || Velu ||
|-
| 1989
|| ''[[Samsara Sangeetham]]'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || ||
|-
| 1991
|| ''[[Shanti Enathu Shanti]]'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || ||
|-
| 1992
|| ''[[Enga Veetu Velan]]'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}}|| || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || ||
|-
| 1993
|| ''[[Pettredutha Pillai]]'' || || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || ||
|-
| 1993
|| ''[[Sabash Babu]]'' ||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} ||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || Veluchamy ||
|-
| 1994
|| ''[[Oru Vasantha Geetham]]'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| ||
|-
| 1995
|| ''[[Thai Thangai Paasam]]'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || ||
|-
| 1996
|| ''En Aasai Thangachi '' || || || || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || || ||
|-
|1996
||''Pombala Siricha Pochu'' ||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} ||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || ||
|-
| 1999
|| ''[[Monisha En Monalisa]]'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || Kaadhaldasan ||
|-
| 2001
|| ''[[Sonnal Thaan Kathala]]'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} ||T. R. ||
|-
| 2002
|''[[Kadhal Virus]]'' ||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} ||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| || Guest appearance as himself
|-
| 2002
|| ''[[Kadhal Azhivathillai]]'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}}||style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} ||Vakil Dada || [[Silambarasan]]’s debut film as lead actor
|-
| 2002
|| ''[[Sri Bannari Amman]]'' ||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} ||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || ||
|-
| 2006
|''[[Vallavan]]'' ||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} ||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| || Guest appearance as himself
|-
| 2007
| ''[[Veerasamy]]'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}}|| Veerasamy ||
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Arya Surya]]'' ||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} ||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| || Guest appearance in song "Thagadu Thagadu"
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Idhu Namma Aalu (2016 film)|Idhu Namma Aalu]]'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} ||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || ||
|-
| 2017
|''[[Kavan (film)|Kavan]]'' ||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} ||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| Mayilvaganan ||
|-
| 2017
|''[[Vizhithiru]]'' ||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} ||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| || Guest appearance in song "Papparappa"
|-
|}

;As playback singer
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Song
! Film
! Composer
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2017 || "Happy New Year" || ''[[Kavan (film)|Kavan]]'' || [[Hiphop Tamizha]] ||
|-
| 2016 || "Damakutalaan" || ''[[Koditta Idangalai Nirappuga]]'' || [[C. Sathya]] ||
|-
| 2016 || "Raangu"|| ''[[Theri (film)|Theri]]'' || [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] ||
|-
| 2016 || "Maaman Waiting"|| ''[[Idhu Namma Aalu (2016 film)|Idhu Namma Aalu]]'' || [[Kuralarasan]] ||
|-
| 2015 || "Papparappa" || ''[[Vizhithiru]]'' || [[Sathyan (singer)|Sathyan Mahalingam]] ||
|-
| 2014 || "Chai Chai" || ''Raj Bahadur'' || Jeevith Krupa || Kannada<ref>{{cite web|title=T Rajendar Sings for Raj Bahaddur|url=http://chitraloka.com/news/4657-t-rajendar-sings-for-raj-bahaddur.html|access-date=6 March 2014}}</ref>
|-
| 2014 || "Tharumaru" || ''[[Vaalu]]'' || [[S. Thaman]]||
|-
| 2013 || "Thagaru Thagaru" || ''[[Arya Surya]]'' || [[Srikanth Deva]] ||
|-
|2013||"En Aalu"||''[[Summa Nachunu Irukku]]'' ||[[Achu Rajamani]] ||
|-
| 2012 ||"Yamma Yamma" || ''[[Thiruthani (film)|Thiruthani]]'' || [[Perarasu]] ||
|-
| 2011 || "Kalasala kalasala" || ''[[Osthe]]''|| [[S. Thaman]] ||
|-
| 2011 || "Chennai Gaana" || ''[[Puli Vesham]]'' || [[Srikanth Deva]] ||
|-
| 2011 || "Dooda" || ''[[Doo (film)|Doo]]'' || Abhisek-Lawrence ||
|-
|2009||"Aandipatti Arasampatti"||''[[Rajadhi Raja (2009 film)|Rajadhi Raja]]'' ||[[Karunas]]||
|-
| 2007 || "Gun Ganapathi" || ''[[Oram Po]]'' || [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] ||
|-
| 2007|| "Marakka Mudiyala" "Sollalaiye Kadhal" "Varaanpaaru" "Vechuriken" || ''[[Veerasamy]]'' || Vijaya T. Rajendar ||
|-
| 2006|| "Ammadi Athadi" || ''[[Vallavan]]''|| [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] ||
|-
| 2002|| "Vetrinadai", "Roopamani", Nambinorai || ''[[Sri Bannari Amman]]'' || T. Rajender ||
|-
| 2001|| "Kaadhalikka Theriyuma" || ''[[Sonnal Thaan Kaadhala]]''|| Vijaya T. Rajendar ||
|-
| 1999 || "Nambaathe" || ''[[Monisha En Monalisa]]'' || T. Rajender ||
|-
|1994||"Pogaathe Pogaathe" ||''[[Oru Vasantha Geetham]]'' ||T. Rajender||
|-
| 1986|| "Ada Ponnana" "En Aasai Mythiliye" || ''[[Mythili Ennai Kaathali]]'' || Vijaya T. Rajendar ||
|-
| 1984|| "Adangoppan Mavane" || ''[[Uravai Kaatha Kili]]''|| Vijaya T. Rajendar ||
|-
| 1983|| "Thatti Paarthen" || ''Thangaikor Geetham'' || Vijaya T. Rajendar ||
|}

;Distributor
*''[[Vaanam]]'' (2011)
*''[[Vaalu]]'' (2015)

;Television
*''Super Kudumbam'' - Sun TV
*''Makkal Arangam'' - Sun TV
*''Nyayam Endrum Solven - Vijay TV<ref>https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/oct/oct81.htm</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|0707388}}
* [http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/gallery/events/11415.html Interview with TR]
{{T. Rajendar}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajendar, Vijayan T.}}
[[Category:Tamil male actors]]
[[Category:Tamil film score composers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tamil film directors]]
[[Category:Tamil film poets]]
[[Category:Film directors from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tamil film cinematographers]]
[[Category:Tamil playback singers]]
[[Category:Members of the 11th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:People from Mayiladuthurai district]]
[[Category:Annamalai University alumni]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Indian actor-politicians]]
[[Category:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Tamil screenwriters]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian singers]]
[[Category:Male actors from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian composers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian composers]]
[[Category:Musicians from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Film producers from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian film distributors]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:1955 births]]

T. Rajendar

2022-04-27T11:26:02Z

Snthilakammarist:

{{Short description|Indian actor and director,politician}}
{{pp-pc1}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{BLP sources|date=March 2009}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = T. Rajendar
| image = Vijaya. t. rajendar.jpeg
| image_size = 300px
| caption =
| birth_name = Thesingu Rajender
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1955|10|3}}
| birth_place = [[Mayiladuthurai, Tamil Nadu]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other_names =
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 1996
| term_end = 2001
| predecessor = U. Baluraman
| successor = S. G. Vinayakamurthi
| constituency = [[Park Town (state assembly constituency)|Park Town]] | office2 = President Of [[Latchiya Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] | term_start2 = April 2004 |predecessor2 = ''postion established'' | office3 = General Secretary Of [[Thayaga Marumalarchi Kazhagam]] | term_start3 = April 1991 | term_end3 = April 1996 | predecessor3 = ''postion established'' | successor3 = ''postion abolished''
| occupation = Actor, filmmaker, musician, cinematographer and distributor, politician<ref name=politician>[http://www.indiaglitz.com/tr-to-stay-away-from-polls-tamil-news-65268.html ''TR to stay away from polls''], IndiaGlitz, 26 March 2011. Retrieved 15 June 2015.</ref>
| party = [[Latchiya Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (from 2004)
| otherparty = [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (until 1991 and 1995-2004)
[[Thayaga Marumalarchi Kazhagam]] (1991-1995)
| spouse = Usha Rajendar
| children = 3 including [[Silambarasan]] and [[Kuralarasan]]
| website =
| imagesize =
| notable role =
}}
'''Vijaya Rajendar''' (born ''Thesingu Rajendar'',3 October 1955), better known as '''T. Rajendar''', '''T. R.''', is an Indian actor, filmmaker, musician, [[cinematographer]] and distributor who works primarily in Tamil film industry.<ref name = tr/> He was a Founding President Of [[Latchiya Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]].

==Family==
T. Rajendar is married to former actress Usha Rajendar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/simbu-s-parents-t-rajendar-and-usha-on-his-marriage-we-are-looking-for-a-suitable-girl-for-him-1686432-2020-06-07|title=Simbu's parents T Rajendar and Usha on his marriage: We are looking for a suitable girl for him}}</ref> They have two sons, [[Silambarasan]] and [[Kuralarasan]], and one daughter, Ilakiya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.entertainmentcorner.in/galleries/rare_unseen_pics/silambarasan-with-family-and-friends/attachment/simbu-kuralarasan-ilakiya-family-photo/|title = Simbu-kuralarasan-ilakiya-family-photo|date = 7 January 2015}}</ref> His wife has served as the producer for some of his films, such as ''[[Kadhal Azhivathillai]]'' (2002).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chennaimemes.in/just-in-finally-str-getting-married-heres-what-the-actor-has-to-say/|title=JUST IN : Finally STR Getting Married ?? Here's What the Actor Has to Say !! | Chennai Memes}}</ref>

==Film career==
Rajendar started off in the [[Kollywood]] industry making successful films which included him as an actor, playback singer, dancer and scriptwriter. He gained popularity through his one-of-a-kind style of acting. He normally serves as, but not limited to director, actor, songwriter, art director, production manager and [[playback singer]]. During the 1980s, all his movies were blockbusters, running for years and the songs were also well appreciated.<ref name = tr>Anantharam, Chitra Deepa (27 March 2017) [https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/i-am-the-pioneer-of-kuthu-t-rajendar-or-tr/article17676587.ece I am the pioneer of kuthu: T Rajendherr]. ''The Hindu''</ref> He is known for introducing new faces in his movies, and many of the actresses who debuted in his movies have been successful in South Cinema, including [[Amala (actress)|Amala]], [[Nalini (actress)|Nalini]], Jyothi, [[Jeevitha]] and [[Mumtaj]].

After some years, Rajendar's films started to decline in popularity because his films became too predictable, tending to follow the same storyline and oratory style of repetitious dialogues with little if any meaning.<ref name="tamilchannel.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.tamilchannel.com/news_page/29/3995/Rajender_gets_ready_with_Oru_thalai_kadhal/ |title=Rajender gets ready with 'Oru thalai kadhal' |publisher=Tamilchannel.com |date=26 December 2010 |access-date=13 March 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323074020/http://www.tamilchannel.com/news_page/29/3995/Rajender_gets_ready_with_Oru_thalai_kadhal/ |archive-date=23 March 2012 }}</ref> For example, his films always contain a [[sentimentality|sentimental]] scene involving the hero's younger sister in distress, coupled with the same rhyming rhetoric and gestures.<ref name="tamilchannel.com"/>

Rajendar recently started his own web TV channel called 'Kural TV' (Voice TV).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/03/07/stories/2009030753531200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104045712/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/03/07/stories/2009030753531200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 November 2009|title=His virtual world: Actor T. Rajendar launches a web television |date=7 March 2009|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=15 July 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kuraltv.com/ |title=Tamil Cinema News – Kural Tv | Tamil Movie News | Tamil Movie Latest News | First On Net Cinema News |publisher=Kural Tv |date=20 August 2011 |access-date=13 March 2012}}</ref> Originally he wanted to start a [[24-hour]] TV channel but could not, due to problems arising while securing a license. The channel, apart from broadcasting his movies and speeches, tends to echo sentiments towards the plight of Tamils (especially women) in Sri Lanka.

Rajendar had started talking with "common" people through Skype and discussing latest politics in the recent years. Rajendar also [[Film distributor|distributes]] films under his home banner "Simbu cine arts". His latest film distribution, as of mid-2011 is his son Silambarasan's film ''[[Vaanam]]'', which will be distributed in the [[Chennai]] and [[Madurai]] region.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/66148.html |title=TR buys 'Vaanam' rights – Tamil Movie News |publisher=IndiaGlitz |access-date=13 March 2012}}</ref>

Since early 2008, Rajendar has been slowly working on the production of a film titled ''Oru Thalai Kadhal'', a tale based on a village singer, in which he stars in the lead role.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/vijaya-t-rajendar-inspired-by-ameer-tamil-news-37168.html|title=Vijaya T. Rajendar inspired by Ameer – Tamil Movie News|website= IndiaGlitz.com|date=11 March 2008|access-date=16 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/features/Interviews/interview-5/director/vijaya-t-rajendar.html|title=Director Vijaya T. Rajendar – Interview – Behindwoods.com – Director Vijaya T. Rajendar Veerasamy Sonnal Thaan Kathala Kadhal Azhivathillai Monisha En Monalisa images tamil picture gallery images|website=Behindwoods.com|access-date=16 July 2018}}</ref> In 2011, he released a first look poster for the film and revealed that three heroines from Mumbai would star alongside him.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kollyinsider.com/2011/02/t-rajendars-oru-thalai-kadhal-start.html|title=T Rajendar's Oru Thalai Kadhal start rolling from today|website=Kollyinsider.com|access-date=16 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-events/Vijaya-T-Rajendar-20-03-12.html|title=Vijaya T Rajendar|website=Behindwoods.com|access-date=16 July 2018}}</ref> He provided an update in 2014, that the film was still under production and that it was sixty-five percent complete.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.onlykollywood.com/t-rajendar-oru-thalai-kadhal-film-two-heroines/|title=Two heroines for T Rajendar in 'Oru Thalai Kadhal' – Only Kollywood|date=8 July 2014|website=Onlykollywood.com|access-date=16 July 2018}}</ref> He has also revealed that he was working on a script to launch his second son, Kuralarasan, as a lead actor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/oru-thalai-kadhal-is-a-romantic-entertainer-tr-tamil-news-62563.html|title="Oru Thalai Kadhal" is a romantic entertainer|website=IndiaGlitz.com|date=24 December 2010|access-date=16 July 2018}}</ref>

==Political career==
Rajendar founded the [[Latchiya Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] party in April 2004 after he had been expelled from the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (DMK) party.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sify.com/news/fullstory.php?id=13462493 |title=Tamil film artiste launches new party|date=26 April 2004|work=Sify |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070322040940/http://sify.com/news/fullstory.php?id=13462493|archive-date=22 March 2007}}</ref> Before expulsion, he was the propaganda secretary of DMK and was elected from [[Park Town (State Assembly Constituency)|Park Town constituency]] in the [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996 Assembly polls]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/t-rajendar-rejoins-dmk/article5510667.ece|title=T. Rajendar rejoins DMK|date=28 December 2013|access-date=16 July 2018|website=Thehindu.com}}</ref> He further supported the [[AIADMK]] in the [[2006 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|2006 Assembly elections]]. After those 2006 elections, the DMK came back to power and he was made vice-chairman of the Small Savings Scheme. He subsequently quit the post.<ref name = tr/>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Year!! rowspan="2" | Film !! colspan="5" | Credited as !! rowspan="2" |Role !!rowspan="2" class="unsortable"| Notes
|-
! style="width:60px;"|Director !! style="width:60px;"|Writer!! style="width:60px;"|Actor !! style="width:60px;"|Music & Lyrics !! style="width:60px;"|Producer
|-
| 1980|| ''[[Oru Thalai Ragam]]'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}}||style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| || Cameo appearance
|-
| 1980|| ''Vasantha Azhaipugal'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || || || Cameo appearance
|-
| 1981|| ''[[Rail Payanangalil]] '' || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| || Cameo appearance
|-
| 1981|| ''[[Kilinjalgal]]'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} ||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || ||
|-
| 1982|| ''Nenjil Oru Raagam'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || || || Cameo appearance
|-
| 1982|| ''[[Sattam Sirikkiradhu]]'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || ||
|-
| 1982|| ''Raagam Thedum Pallavi'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || || || Cameo appearance
|-
| 1983|| ''[[Thangaikkor Geetham]]'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} ||Soolakaruppan ||Nominated, [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil]]
|-
| 1983|| ''[[Uyirullavarai Usha]]'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || ||
|-
| 1984|| ''[[Uravai Kaatha Kili]]'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || ||
|-
| 1985|| ''Unakkaga Oru Roja'' || || || || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || || ||
|-
| 1986|| ''Pookalai Pareekatheergal'' || || || || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || || ||
|-
| 1986|| ''[[Mythili Ennai Kaathali]]'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} ||Manickam ||
|-
| 1987|| ''[[Cooliekkaran]]'' || || || || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || || ||
|-
| 1987|| ''[[Ivargal Varungala Thoongal]]'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || ||
|-
| 1987|| ''[[Muthukkal Moondru]]'' ||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || ||
|-
| 1987|| ''[[Poo Poova Poothirukku]]'' || || || || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || || ||
|-
| 1987|| ''[[Oru Thayin Sabhatham]]'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || ||
|-
| 1987|| ''Pookal Vidum Thoodhu'' || || || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || || ||
|-
| 1987|| ''[[Aayusu Nooru]]'' || || || || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || || ||
|-
| 1988
|| ''[[En Thangai Kalyani]]'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || Velu ||
|-
| 1989
|| ''[[Samsara Sangeetham]]'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || ||
|-
| 1991
|| ''[[Shanti Enathu Shanti]]'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || ||
|-
| 1992
|| ''[[Enga Veetu Velan]]'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}}|| || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || ||
|-
| 1993
|| ''[[Pettredutha Pillai]]'' || || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || ||
|-
| 1993
|| ''[[Sabash Babu]]'' ||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} ||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || Veluchamy ||
|-
| 1994
|| ''[[Oru Vasantha Geetham]]'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| ||
|-
| 1995
|| ''[[Thai Thangai Paasam]]'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || ||
|-
| 1996
|| ''En Aasai Thangachi '' || || || || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || || ||
|-
|1996
||''Pombala Siricha Pochu'' ||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} ||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || ||
|-
| 1999
|| ''[[Monisha En Monalisa]]'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || Kaadhaldasan ||
|-
| 2001
|| ''[[Sonnal Thaan Kathala]]'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} ||T. R. ||
|-
| 2002
|''[[Kadhal Virus]]'' ||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} ||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| || Guest appearance as himself
|-
| 2002
|| ''[[Kadhal Azhivathillai]]'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}}||style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} ||Vakil Dada || [[Silambarasan]]’s debut film as lead actor
|-
| 2002
|| ''[[Sri Bannari Amman]]'' ||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} ||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || ||
|-
| 2006
|''[[Vallavan]]'' ||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} ||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| || Guest appearance as himself
|-
| 2007
| ''[[Veerasamy]]'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}}|| Veerasamy ||
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Arya Surya]]'' ||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} ||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| || Guest appearance in song "Thagadu Thagadu"
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Idhu Namma Aalu (2016 film)|Idhu Namma Aalu]]'' || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} ||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} || ||
|-
| 2017
|''[[Kavan (film)|Kavan]]'' ||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} ||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| Mayilvaganan ||
|-
| 2017
|''[[Vizhithiru]]'' ||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}} ||style="text-align:center;"| {{n}} || style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}|| || Guest appearance in song "Papparappa"
|-
|}

;As playback singer
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Song
! Film
! Composer
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2017 || "Happy New Year" || ''[[Kavan (film)|Kavan]]'' || [[Hiphop Tamizha]] ||
|-
| 2016 || "Damakutalaan" || ''[[Koditta Idangalai Nirappuga]]'' || [[C. Sathya]] ||
|-
| 2016 || "Raangu"|| ''[[Theri (film)|Theri]]'' || [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] ||
|-
| 2016 || "Maaman Waiting"|| ''[[Idhu Namma Aalu (2016 film)|Idhu Namma Aalu]]'' || [[Kuralarasan]] ||
|-
| 2015 || "Papparappa" || ''[[Vizhithiru]]'' || [[Sathyan (singer)|Sathyan Mahalingam]] ||
|-
| 2014 || "Chai Chai" || ''Raj Bahadur'' || Jeevith Krupa || Kannada<ref>{{cite web|title=T Rajendar Sings for Raj Bahaddur|url=http://chitraloka.com/news/4657-t-rajendar-sings-for-raj-bahaddur.html|access-date=6 March 2014}}</ref>
|-
| 2014 || "Tharumaru" || ''[[Vaalu]]'' || [[S. Thaman]]||
|-
| 2013 || "Thagaru Thagaru" || ''[[Arya Surya]]'' || [[Srikanth Deva]] ||
|-
|2013||"En Aalu"||''[[Summa Nachunu Irukku]]'' ||[[Achu Rajamani]] ||
|-
| 2012 ||"Yamma Yamma" || ''[[Thiruthani (film)|Thiruthani]]'' || [[Perarasu]] ||
|-
| 2011 || "Kalasala kalasala" || ''[[Osthe]]''|| [[S. Thaman]] ||
|-
| 2011 || "Chennai Gaana" || ''[[Puli Vesham]]'' || [[Srikanth Deva]] ||
|-
| 2011 || "Dooda" || ''[[Doo (film)|Doo]]'' || Abhisek-Lawrence ||
|-
|2009||"Aandipatti Arasampatti"||''[[Rajadhi Raja (2009 film)|Rajadhi Raja]]'' ||[[Karunas]]||
|-
| 2007 || "Gun Ganapathi" || ''[[Oram Po]]'' || [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] ||
|-
| 2007|| "Marakka Mudiyala" "Sollalaiye Kadhal" "Varaanpaaru" "Vechuriken" || ''[[Veerasamy]]'' || Vijaya T. Rajendar ||
|-
| 2006|| "Ammadi Athadi" || ''[[Vallavan]]''|| [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] ||
|-
| 2002|| "Vetrinadai", "Roopamani", Nambinorai || ''[[Sri Bannari Amman]]'' || T. Rajender ||
|-
| 2001|| "Kaadhalikka Theriyuma" || ''[[Sonnal Thaan Kaadhala]]''|| Vijaya T. Rajendar ||
|-
| 1999 || "Nambaathe" || ''[[Monisha En Monalisa]]'' || T. Rajender ||
|-
|1994||"Pogaathe Pogaathe" ||''[[Oru Vasantha Geetham]]'' ||T. Rajender||
|-
| 1986|| "Ada Ponnana" "En Aasai Mythiliye" || ''[[Mythili Ennai Kaathali]]'' || Vijaya T. Rajendar ||
|-
| 1984|| "Adangoppan Mavane" || ''[[Uravai Kaatha Kili]]''|| Vijaya T. Rajendar ||
|-
| 1983|| "Thatti Paarthen" || ''Thangaikor Geetham'' || Vijaya T. Rajendar ||
|}

;Distributor
*''[[Vaanam]]'' (2011)
*''[[Vaalu]]'' (2015)

;Television
*''Super Kudumbam'' - Sun TV
*''Makkal Arangam'' - Sun TV
*''Nyayam Endrum Solven - Vijay TV<ref>https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/oct/oct81.htm</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|0707388}}
* [http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/gallery/events/11415.html Interview with TR]
{{T. Rajendar}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajendar, Vijayan T.}}
[[Category:Tamil male actors]]
[[Category:Tamil film score composers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tamil film directors]]
[[Category:Tamil film poets]]
[[Category:Film directors from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tamil film cinematographers]]
[[Category:Tamil playback singers]]
[[Category:Members of the 11th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:People from Mayiladuthurai district]]
[[Category:Annamalai University alumni]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Indian actor-politicians]]
[[Category:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Tamil screenwriters]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian singers]]
[[Category:Male actors from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian composers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian composers]]
[[Category:Musicians from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Film producers from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian film distributors]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:1955 births]]

V. N. Janaki Ministry

2022-04-21T13:26:51Z

Snthilakammarist: /* Cabinet ministers */

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2021}}

{{Infobox government cabinet|cabinet_type=Ministry|total_number=
|previous=[[Second Nedunchezhiyan ministry]]|outgoing_formation=|incoming_formation=|advice_and_consent2=|advice_and_consent1=|budget=|legislature_term=5 Years|last_election=|election=[[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]
|opposition_leader=[[O. Subramanian]]
|opposition_party='''[[Indian National Congress|INC]]'''
|opposition_cabinet=|legislature_status=[[Majority government|Majority]]|political_parties='''[[AIADMK]]'''|former_members_number=|cabinet_number=7th|members_number=|state_head=Governor [[Sundar Lal Khurana]]|government_head_history=|government_head=[[V. N. Janaki Ramachandran]]|date_dissolved=30 January 1988|date_formed=7 January 1988|caption=|image_size=150px
|image=
|incumbent=|flag_border=true|flagsize=110px|flag=File:Flag of India.svg|jurisdiction=[[Tamil Nadu ]]|successor=[[Third Karunanidhi ministry]]}}

After the demise of [[M.G. Ramachandran]] the Governor appointed [[V.R. Nedunchezhiyan]] as Chief Minister till the election of new Leader by the Party. Consequent on the election of [[V. N. Janaki Ramachandran]] as the Leader of the [[AIADMK]] Legislative Party, the interim Council under Nedunchezhiyan resigned and a new Ministry with came in to existence on 7 January 1988.<ref name="councilofministers">{{Citation|last=|title=TAMIL NADU LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY (EIGHTH ASSEMBLY) REVIEW 1985-88|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/8th_1985/8threview_85-88.pdf|year=1988|location=[[Chennai]]|publisher=Secratriat of [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly Secretariat]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=OVERVIEW|first=EIGHTH ASSEMBLY|title=EIGHTH ASSEMBLY OVERVIEW|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/8th_1985/overview.html|url-status=live|access-date=24 May 2021|website=assembly.tn.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Janaki Ramachandran is chief minister but can she survive?|first=Tamil Nadu|date=31 January 1988|title=Tamil Nadu: Janaki Ramachandran is chief minister but can she survive?|work=INDIA TODAY|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19880131-tamil-nadu-janaki-ramachandran-is-chief-minister-but-can-she-survive-769001-2013-11-21|access-date=24 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=the first woman chief minister of Tamil Nadu who ruled for 24 days|first=Janaki Ramachandran|date=19 May 2020|title=Janaki Ramachandran, the first woman chief minister of Tamil Nadu who ruled for 24 days|work=ThePrint|url=https://theprint.in/features/janaki-ramachandran-the-first-woman-chief-minister-of-tamil-nadu-who-ruled-for-24-days/424272/|access-date=24 May 2021}}</ref> The cabinet was soon dismissed over controversy regarding vote of confidence in the assembly.
== Cabinet ministers ==

{| class="wikitable"
!S.no
!Name
!Designation
! colspan="2" scope="col" |Party
|-
| colspan="5" style="text-align: center;" |'''[[List of chief ministers of Tamil Nadu|Chief Minister]]'''
|-
|1.
|[[V. N. Janaki]]
|[[Chief Minister]]
|[[AIADMK]]
| width="1px" style="background-color: {{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
|-
| colspan="5" style="text-align: center;" |'''Cabinet Ministers'''
|-
|2.
|[[R. M. Veerappan|R.M. VEERAPPAN]]
|Minister for Local Administration
| rowspan="32" |[[AIADMK]]
| rowspan="32" width="1px" style="background-color: {{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
|-
|3.
|[[P. U. Shanmugam|P.U SHANMUGAM]]
|Minister for Health
|-
|4.
|[[C. Ponnaiyan|C. PONNAIYAN]]
|Minister for Education and Law
|-
|5.
|[[S. Muthusamy|S. MUTHUSAMY]]
|Minister for Transport
|-
|6.
|[[V. V. Swaminathan|V.V. SWAMINATHAN]]
|Minister for Tourism, Prohibition and Electricity
|-
|7.
|[[T.RAMASAMY|T. RAMASAMY]]
|Minister for Commercial Taxes
|-
|8.
|A.ARUNACHALAM
|Minister for Adi Dravidar Welfare
|-
|}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu ministries]]
[[Category:1980s in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:1988 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:1988 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Cabinets established in 1988]]
[[Category:Cabinets disestablished in 1988]]

{{India-gov-stub}}

V. N. Janaki Ministry

2022-04-21T13:26:28Z

Snthilakammarist: /* Cabinet ministers */

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2021}}

{{Infobox government cabinet|cabinet_type=Ministry|total_number=
|previous=[[Second Nedunchezhiyan ministry]]|outgoing_formation=|incoming_formation=|advice_and_consent2=|advice_and_consent1=|budget=|legislature_term=5 Years|last_election=|election=[[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]
|opposition_leader=[[O. Subramanian]]
|opposition_party='''[[Indian National Congress|INC]]'''
|opposition_cabinet=|legislature_status=[[Majority government|Majority]]|political_parties='''[[AIADMK]]'''|former_members_number=|cabinet_number=7th|members_number=|state_head=Governor [[Sundar Lal Khurana]]|government_head_history=|government_head=[[V. N. Janaki Ramachandran]]|date_dissolved=30 January 1988|date_formed=7 January 1988|caption=|image_size=150px
|image=
|incumbent=|flag_border=true|flagsize=110px|flag=File:Flag of India.svg|jurisdiction=[[Tamil Nadu ]]|successor=[[Third Karunanidhi ministry]]}}

After the demise of [[M.G. Ramachandran]] the Governor appointed [[V.R. Nedunchezhiyan]] as Chief Minister till the election of new Leader by the Party. Consequent on the election of [[V. N. Janaki Ramachandran]] as the Leader of the [[AIADMK]] Legislative Party, the interim Council under Nedunchezhiyan resigned and a new Ministry with came in to existence on 7 January 1988.<ref name="councilofministers">{{Citation|last=|title=TAMIL NADU LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY (EIGHTH ASSEMBLY) REVIEW 1985-88|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/8th_1985/8threview_85-88.pdf|year=1988|location=[[Chennai]]|publisher=Secratriat of [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly Secretariat]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=OVERVIEW|first=EIGHTH ASSEMBLY|title=EIGHTH ASSEMBLY OVERVIEW|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/8th_1985/overview.html|url-status=live|access-date=24 May 2021|website=assembly.tn.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Janaki Ramachandran is chief minister but can she survive?|first=Tamil Nadu|date=31 January 1988|title=Tamil Nadu: Janaki Ramachandran is chief minister but can she survive?|work=INDIA TODAY|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19880131-tamil-nadu-janaki-ramachandran-is-chief-minister-but-can-she-survive-769001-2013-11-21|access-date=24 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=the first woman chief minister of Tamil Nadu who ruled for 24 days|first=Janaki Ramachandran|date=19 May 2020|title=Janaki Ramachandran, the first woman chief minister of Tamil Nadu who ruled for 24 days|work=ThePrint|url=https://theprint.in/features/janaki-ramachandran-the-first-woman-chief-minister-of-tamil-nadu-who-ruled-for-24-days/424272/|access-date=24 May 2021}}</ref> The cabinet was soon dismissed over controversy regarding vote of confidence in the assembly.
== Cabinet ministers ==

{| class="wikitable"
!S.no
!Name
!Designation
! colspan="2" scope="col" |Party
|-
| colspan="5" style="text-align: center;" |'''[[List of chief ministers of Tamil Nadu|Chief Minister]]'''
|-
|1.
|[[V. N. Janaki]]
|[[Chief Minister]]
|[[AIADMK]]
| width="1px" style="background-color: {{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
|-
| colspan="5" style="text-align: center;" |'''Cabinet Ministers'''
|-
|2.
|[[R. M. Veerappan|R.M. VEERAPPAN]]
|Minister for Local Administration
| rowspan="32" |[[AIADMK]]
| rowspan="32" width="1px" style="background-color: {{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
|-
|3.
|[[P. U. Shanmugam|P.U SHANMUGAM]]
|Minister for Health
|-
|4.
|[[C. Ponnaiyan|C. PONNAIYAN]]
|Minister for Education and Law
|-
|5.
|[[S. Muthusamy|S. MUTHUSAMY]]
|Minister for Transport
|-
|6.
|[[V. V. Swaminathan|V.V. SWAMINATHAN]]
|Minister for Tourism, Prohibition and Electricity
|-
|7.
|[[T.RAMASAMY|T. RAMASAMY]]
|Minister for Commercial Taxes
|-
|8.
|A.ARUNACHALAM
|Minister for Adi Dravidar Welfare
|-
|} == References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu ministries]]
[[Category:1980s in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:1988 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:1988 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Cabinets established in 1988]]
[[Category:Cabinets disestablished in 1988]]

{{India-gov-stub}}

Janaki Ramachandran ministry

2022-04-21T13:25:58Z

Snthilakammarist: Replaced content with "#redirect V. N. Janaki Ministry"

#redirect [[V. N. Janaki Ministry]]

V. N. Janaki Ministry

2022-04-21T13:25:27Z

Snthilakammarist:

Janaki Ramachandran ministry

2022-04-21T13:24:55Z

Snthilakammarist:

#redirect [[V. N. Janaki Ministry]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu ministries]]
[[Category:1980s in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:1988 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:1988 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Cabinets established in 1988]]
[[Category:Cabinets disestablished in 1988]]

{{India-gov-stub}}

V. N. Janaki Ministry

2022-04-21T13:24:18Z

Snthilakammarist: Created page with "{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}} {{Use Indian English|date=May 2021}} {{Infobox government cabinet|cabinet_type=Ministry|total_number= |previous=Second Nedunchezhiyan ministry|outgoing_formation=|incoming_formation=|advice_and_consent2=|advice_and_consent1=|budget=|legislature_term=5 Years|last_election=|election=1984 |opposition_leader=O. Subramanian |opposition_party='''Indian National Congress|IN..."

Janaki Ramachandran ministry

2022-04-21T13:22:52Z

Snthilakammarist: Redirected page to V. N. Janaki Ministry

#redirect [[V. N. Janaki Ministry]]

== Cabinet ministers ==

{| class="wikitable"
!S.no
!Name
!Designation
! colspan="2" scope="col" |Party
|-
| colspan="5" style="text-align: center;" |'''[[List of chief ministers of Tamil Nadu|Chief Minister]]'''
|-
|1.
|[[V. N. Janaki|JANAKI RAMACHANDRAN]]
|[[Chief Minister]]
|[[AIADMK]]
| width="1px" style="background-color: {{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
|-
| colspan="5" style="text-align: center;" |'''Cabinet Ministers'''
|-
|2.
|[[R. M. Veerappan|R.M. VEERAPPAN]]
|Minister for Local Administration
| rowspan="32" |[[AIADMK]]
| rowspan="32" width="1px" style="background-color: {{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
|-
|3.
|[[P. U. Shanmugam|P.U SHANMUGAM]]
|Minister for Health
|-
|4.
|[[C. Ponnaiyan|C. PONNAIYAN]]
|Minister for Education and Law
|-
|5.
|[[S. Muthusamy|S. MUTHUSAMY]]
|Minister for Transport
|-
|6.
|[[V. V. Swaminathan|V.V. SWAMINATHAN]]
|Minister for Tourism, Prohibition and Electricity
|-
|7.
|[[T.RAMASAMY|T. RAMASAMY]]
|Minister for Commercial Taxes
|-
|8.
|A.ARUNACHALAM
|Minister for Adi Dravidar Welfare
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu ministries]]
[[Category:1980s in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:1988 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:1988 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Cabinets established in 1988]]
[[Category:Cabinets disestablished in 1988]]

{{India-gov-stub}}

Draft:M.Natarajan

2022-04-21T13:20:33Z

Snthilakammarist:

Marthupa Natarajan (23 October 1943 - 20 March 2018) was the editor and politician of New Vision magazine. He is the husband of VK Sasikala. Participated in anti-Hindi struggles in 1967 as a student. He later joined the DMK. Served as Public Relations Officer in South Arcot District. This is the root cause of the Sassikala-Jayalalithaa friendship. The then Cuddalore District Collector was a close friend of Chandralekha.

M. Natarajan

2022-04-21T13:20:16Z

Snthilakammarist: Redirected page to Draft:M.Natarajan

#redirect [[Draft:M.Natarajan]]

Political families of Tamil Nadu

2022-04-21T13:19:01Z

Snthilakammarist: /* The V. K. Sassikala Family - Multi Parties */

{{unsourced|date=October 2019}}
{{short description|Political families of Tamil Nadu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}

The list of political families of [[Tamil Nadu]] state in [[India]].

== The [[V. K. Sassikala]] Family - Multi Parties==
***[[V. K. Sassikala|VK Sassikala]], Indian Busniesswoman turned Politician and AMMK Leader
*** [[M. Natarajan]], Sassikala's husband
*** V. K. Dhivakaran, Founding General Secretary Of Anna Dravidar Kazhagam and brother of VK Sassikala
*** [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]], General Secretary Of Ammk and Sassikala's elder Sister Vanimani's Son
**** [[Anuradha Dhinakaran]] , Dhinakaran's wife.
*** [[V. N. Sudhakaran]], Jayalalithaa's foster son and brother of TTV Dhinakaran
*** T. T. V. Bhaskaran, Founding General Secretary Of Anna Mgr Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam and brother of TTV Dhinakaran
*** J. Illavarsi, Sassikala's brother Jayaraman's widow
*** Vivek Jayaraman, Sassikala's brother Jayaraman's son
== The [[M. Karunanidhi|Karunanidhi]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]]==
*Late [[M. Karunanidhi]], Former Chief Minister of [[Tamil Nadu]]
** [[M. K. Stalin]], current Chief Minister of [[Tamil Nadu]] (Son of Karunanidhi)
**[[Udhayanidhi Stalin]], son of [[M. K. Stalin|M.K.Stalin]]. He is [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] 's youth wing secretary and an MLA from [[Chepauk-Thiruvallikeni|Cheppauk - Thiruvallikeni constituency]].
** [[M. K. Alagiri]], former Union Minister in [[Government of India]] (Eldest son of Karunanidhi)
** [[Kanimozhi]], Member of Parliament from [[Lok Sabha]] (Daughter of Karunanidhi)
** Late [[Murasoli Maran]], Former Union Minister in [[Government of India]] (nephew of Karunanidhi)
***[[Dayanidhi Maran]], Member of Parliament from [[Lok Sabha]] and Former Union Minister in [[Government of India]] (son of Murasoli)

== The Ramachandran Family - [[AIADMK]]==
*Late [[M. G. Ramachandran]] (former Chief Minister of [[Tamil Nadu]])
**Late [[VN Janaki]], wife of MGR, (former Chief Minister of [[Tamil Nadu]])

== The Ramadoss Family - PMK==
*[[S. Ramadoss]] PMK founder
*[[Anbumani Ramadoss]] Member of Parliament from [[Rajya Sabha]] and former Cabinet Minister (Ministry of Health) during 2004-09

== The P.T.R Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ==
* [[P. T. Rajan]], Chief Minister of Madras Presidency in 1936.
** [[P. T. R. Palanivel Rajan]], former Speaker of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] and Minister in the State Cabinet.
**[[Palanivel Thiagarajan|P.T.R.Palanivel Thiyagarajan]] , finance minister of [[Tamil Nadu]].

== The Kumaramangalam Family - Multiparty==
*Late [[P. Subbarayan]], former Chief Minister of [[Madras Presidency]] (1926–1930), Member of [[Lok Sabha]] from [[Tiruchengode]]
* [[Radhabai Subbarayan]], Famous human rights activist
** [[Mohan Kumaramangalam]], politician and trade union leader from the [[Communist Party of India]].
*** [[Rangarajan Kumaramangalam]], Indian politician. Member of Lok Sabha from [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] and later, [[Tiruchirapalli]] and Union Minister in [[Government of India]]
*** [[Lalitha Kumaramangalam]], politician and member of the BJP's national executive.
** [[Parvathi Krishnan]] , Former Member of Lok Sabha from [[Coimbatore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Coimbatore]].

== The Rajagopalachari Family - Congress ==
*Late [[C. Rajagopalachari]], Chief Minister of Madras Presidency (1937–40), [[Madras State]] (1952–54), Governor of [[West Bengal]] (1946–48), Governor-General of India (1948–50). Union Minister in [[Government of India]] (1950–52).
** [[Gopalkrishna Gandhi]], Governor of [[West Bengal]].
** [[C. R. Narasimhan]], Former Member of [[Lok Sabha]] from [[Krishnagiri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Krishnagiri]].

== The C.P.Ramaswami Iyer family - Congress==
* [[C. P. Ramaswami Iyer]], Member of [[Madras Legislative Council]] and Diwan of Travancore.
** [[C. R. Pattabhi Raman]], Former Member of [[Lok Sabha]] from [[Kumbakonam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kumbakonam]].

== The [[Bhaktavatsalam]] Family - Congress ==
* [[M. Bhaktavatsalam]], Chief Minister of [[Madras]] state (1962–1967).
*[[Jayanthi Natarajan]], Former Member of [[Indian Parliament]].

== The [[G. K. Moopanar]] Family - TMC ==
*Late [[G. K. Moopanar]], Indian politician and founder of the [[Tamil Maanila Congress]].
** [[G. K. Vasan]], Former Union Minister in [[Government of India]].

== The Vaiko Family - MDMK==
* [[Vaiko]], founder of the [[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]].
** [[Durai Vaiyapuri]], Internet wing [[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|MDMK]].

== The [[O. Paneerselvam]] Family - AIADMK ==
*[[O. Paneerselvam]] (Former Chief Minister of [[Tamil Nadu]])
**[[P. Raveendranath Kumar|O. P. Raveendranath Kumar]] [[Member of Parliament]] (Eldest son of O.P.S)

== The [[Durai Murugan]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ==
*[[Durai Murugan]] (Current Minister for Water Resources of Tamil Nadu)
**[[Kathir Anand]] [[Member of Parliament]] from [[Vellore (Lok Sabha constituency)]] (Only Son of Durai Murugan)

== The [[T. R. Baalu|T R Baalu]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ==
*[[ T R Balu| T R Baalu]], [[Member of parliament|MP]] from [[Sriperumbudur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sriperumbudur]] and Treasurer of [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
**[[T R B Rajaa]], MLA from [[Mannargudi]] and Member of [http://www.spc.tn.gov.in/aboutus.html]

== The [[V. Thangapandian]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ==
*Thangam Thennarasu Former MLA [[Aruppukottai (state assembly constituency)]]
**[[Thangam Thennarasu]], Son of [[Thangam Thennarasu]]. Minister for Department of Industries , Tamil Official Language, Tamil Culture and Archeology Minister of Tamil nadu]]
**[[Thamizhachi Thangapandian]], Daughter of [[Thangam Thennarasu]]. She is member of Parliament [[Chennai South (Lok Sabha constituency)]]

==The [[I. Periyasamy]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ==
*[[I. Periyasamy]], 2021 Minister of Co-operation, Government of Tamilnadu.
**[[I P Senthil Kumar]], Son of [[I.Periyasamy]], an MLA from [[Attur (state assembly constituency)]]

==The [[Anbil P. Dharmalingam]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ==
*[[Anbil P. Dharmalingam]], was one of the founder-members of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK)]]
**[[Anbil Poyyamozhi]], son of Anbil P. Dharmalingam, Former minister of School Education of Tamil Nadu,
***[[Anbil Mahesh Poyyamozhi]], son of Anbil Poyyamozhi a member of Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, Minister for School Education in Tamil Nadu
**[[Anbil Periyasamy]], son of Anbil P. Dharmalingam, Former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu, [[Tiruchirappalli – II]]

==The [[K. Anbazhagan]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ==
*[[K. Anbazhagan]], Former minister of Finance.
**[[A.Vetriazhagan]], Grandson of [[K. Anbazhagan]], an MLA from [[Villivakkam (state assembly constituency)]]

==The [[K. Ponmudy]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]]==
*K. Ponmudy, Minister of Higher Education of Tamil Nadu
**[[Gautham Sigamani]], Son of K.Ponmudy, an MP from [[Kallakurichi (Lok Sabha constituency)]]

==The [[Aladi Aruna]] (alias) V Arunachalam Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ==
*[[Aladi Aruna]], Former Minister of Law
**[[Poongothai Aladi Aruna]], Daughter of Aladi Aruna, Former minister of Tamil Nadu for Information Technology

==The [[N. V. Natarajan]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ==
*[[N. V. Natarajan]] Founding member of DMK. He was former minister for Labour and Backward classes in Tamil Nadu Government during 1969 - 1975
**[[N. V. N. Somu]] Son of [[N. V. Natarajan]]. He was former Lok Shaba member.
***[[Kanimozhi NVN Somu]] Daughter of [[N. V. N. Somu]] Member of Rajya Shaba from DMK.
[[Category:Tamil Nadu politicians| ]]
[[Category:Political families of India]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu politics-related lists]]

==The [[Arcot N. Veeraswami]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ==
*[[Arcot N. Veeraswami]] Former treasurer of DMK, Former Minister of DMK
**[[Kalanidhi Veeraswamy]] Member of Lok Shaba from North Chennai constituency

Political families of Tamil Nadu

2022-04-21T13:18:01Z

Snthilakammarist: /* The Ramachandran Family - AIADMK */

{{unsourced|date=October 2019}}
{{short description|Political families of Tamil Nadu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}

The list of political families of [[Tamil Nadu]] state in [[India]].

== The [[M. Karunanidhi|Karunanidhi]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]]==
*Late [[M. Karunanidhi]], Former Chief Minister of [[Tamil Nadu]]
** [[M. K. Stalin]], current Chief Minister of [[Tamil Nadu]] (Son of Karunanidhi)
**[[Udhayanidhi Stalin]], son of [[M. K. Stalin|M.K.Stalin]]. He is [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] 's youth wing secretary and an MLA from [[Chepauk-Thiruvallikeni|Cheppauk - Thiruvallikeni constituency]].
** [[M. K. Alagiri]], former Union Minister in [[Government of India]] (Eldest son of Karunanidhi)
** [[Kanimozhi]], Member of Parliament from [[Lok Sabha]] (Daughter of Karunanidhi)
** Late [[Murasoli Maran]], Former Union Minister in [[Government of India]] (nephew of Karunanidhi)
***[[Dayanidhi Maran]], Member of Parliament from [[Lok Sabha]] and Former Union Minister in [[Government of India]] (son of Murasoli)

== The Ramachandran Family - [[AIADMK]]==
*Late [[M. G. Ramachandran]] (former Chief Minister of [[Tamil Nadu]])
**Late [[VN Janaki]], wife of MGR, (former Chief Minister of [[Tamil Nadu]])

== The Ramadoss Family - PMK==
*[[S. Ramadoss]] PMK founder
*[[Anbumani Ramadoss]] Member of Parliament from [[Rajya Sabha]] and former Cabinet Minister (Ministry of Health) during 2004-09

== The P.T.R Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ==
* [[P. T. Rajan]], Chief Minister of Madras Presidency in 1936.
** [[P. T. R. Palanivel Rajan]], former Speaker of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] and Minister in the State Cabinet.
**[[Palanivel Thiagarajan|P.T.R.Palanivel Thiyagarajan]] , finance minister of [[Tamil Nadu]].

== The Kumaramangalam Family - Multiparty==
*Late [[P. Subbarayan]], former Chief Minister of [[Madras Presidency]] (1926–1930), Member of [[Lok Sabha]] from [[Tiruchengode]]
* [[Radhabai Subbarayan]], Famous human rights activist
** [[Mohan Kumaramangalam]], politician and trade union leader from the [[Communist Party of India]].
*** [[Rangarajan Kumaramangalam]], Indian politician. Member of Lok Sabha from [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] and later, [[Tiruchirapalli]] and Union Minister in [[Government of India]]
*** [[Lalitha Kumaramangalam]], politician and member of the BJP's national executive.
** [[Parvathi Krishnan]] , Former Member of Lok Sabha from [[Coimbatore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Coimbatore]].

== The Rajagopalachari Family - Congress ==
*Late [[C. Rajagopalachari]], Chief Minister of Madras Presidency (1937–40), [[Madras State]] (1952–54), Governor of [[West Bengal]] (1946–48), Governor-General of India (1948–50). Union Minister in [[Government of India]] (1950–52).
** [[Gopalkrishna Gandhi]], Governor of [[West Bengal]].
** [[C. R. Narasimhan]], Former Member of [[Lok Sabha]] from [[Krishnagiri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Krishnagiri]].

== The C.P.Ramaswami Iyer family - Congress==
* [[C. P. Ramaswami Iyer]], Member of [[Madras Legislative Council]] and Diwan of Travancore.
** [[C. R. Pattabhi Raman]], Former Member of [[Lok Sabha]] from [[Kumbakonam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kumbakonam]].

== The [[Bhaktavatsalam]] Family - Congress ==
* [[M. Bhaktavatsalam]], Chief Minister of [[Madras]] state (1962–1967).
*[[Jayanthi Natarajan]], Former Member of [[Indian Parliament]].

== The [[G. K. Moopanar]] Family - TMC ==
*Late [[G. K. Moopanar]], Indian politician and founder of the [[Tamil Maanila Congress]].
** [[G. K. Vasan]], Former Union Minister in [[Government of India]].

== The Vaiko Family - MDMK==
* [[Vaiko]], founder of the [[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]].
** [[Durai Vaiyapuri]], Internet wing [[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|MDMK]].

== The [[O. Paneerselvam]] Family - AIADMK ==
*[[O. Paneerselvam]] (Former Chief Minister of [[Tamil Nadu]])
**[[P. Raveendranath Kumar|O. P. Raveendranath Kumar]] [[Member of Parliament]] (Eldest son of O.P.S)

== The [[Durai Murugan]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ==
*[[Durai Murugan]] (Current Minister for Water Resources of Tamil Nadu)
**[[Kathir Anand]] [[Member of Parliament]] from [[Vellore (Lok Sabha constituency)]] (Only Son of Durai Murugan)

== The [[T. R. Baalu|T R Baalu]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ==
*[[ T R Balu| T R Baalu]], [[Member of parliament|MP]] from [[Sriperumbudur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sriperumbudur]] and Treasurer of [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
**[[T R B Rajaa]], MLA from [[Mannargudi]] and Member of [http://www.spc.tn.gov.in/aboutus.html]

== The [[V. Thangapandian]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ==
*Thangam Thennarasu Former MLA [[Aruppukottai (state assembly constituency)]]
**[[Thangam Thennarasu]], Son of [[Thangam Thennarasu]]. Minister for Department of Industries , Tamil Official Language, Tamil Culture and Archeology Minister of Tamil nadu]]
**[[Thamizhachi Thangapandian]], Daughter of [[Thangam Thennarasu]]. She is member of Parliament [[Chennai South (Lok Sabha constituency)]]

==The [[I. Periyasamy]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ==
*[[I. Periyasamy]], 2021 Minister of Co-operation, Government of Tamilnadu.
**[[I P Senthil Kumar]], Son of [[I.Periyasamy]], an MLA from [[Attur (state assembly constituency)]]

==The [[Anbil P. Dharmalingam]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ==
*[[Anbil P. Dharmalingam]], was one of the founder-members of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK)]]
**[[Anbil Poyyamozhi]], son of Anbil P. Dharmalingam, Former minister of School Education of Tamil Nadu,
***[[Anbil Mahesh Poyyamozhi]], son of Anbil Poyyamozhi a member of Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, Minister for School Education in Tamil Nadu
**[[Anbil Periyasamy]], son of Anbil P. Dharmalingam, Former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu, [[Tiruchirappalli – II]]

==The [[K. Anbazhagan]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ==
*[[K. Anbazhagan]], Former minister of Finance.
**[[A.Vetriazhagan]], Grandson of [[K. Anbazhagan]], an MLA from [[Villivakkam (state assembly constituency)]]

==The [[K. Ponmudy]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]]==
*K. Ponmudy, Minister of Higher Education of Tamil Nadu
**[[Gautham Sigamani]], Son of K.Ponmudy, an MP from [[Kallakurichi (Lok Sabha constituency)]]

==The [[Aladi Aruna]] (alias) V Arunachalam Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ==
*[[Aladi Aruna]], Former Minister of Law
**[[Poongothai Aladi Aruna]], Daughter of Aladi Aruna, Former minister of Tamil Nadu for Information Technology

==The [[N. V. Natarajan]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ==
*[[N. V. Natarajan]] Founding member of DMK. He was former minister for Labour and Backward classes in Tamil Nadu Government during 1969 - 1975
**[[N. V. N. Somu]] Son of [[N. V. Natarajan]]. He was former Lok Shaba member.
***[[Kanimozhi NVN Somu]] Daughter of [[N. V. N. Somu]] Member of Rajya Shaba from DMK.
[[Category:Tamil Nadu politicians| ]]
[[Category:Political families of India]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu politics-related lists]]

==The [[Arcot N. Veeraswami]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ==
*[[Arcot N. Veeraswami]] Former treasurer of DMK, Former Minister of DMK
**[[Kalanidhi Veeraswamy]] Member of Lok Shaba from North Chennai constituency

Political families of India

2022-04-21T13:17:07Z

Snthilakammarist: /* Tamil Nadu */

{{Short description|List of prominent Indian political dynasties}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
'''India''' is a [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary democracy]]. The country's politics has become dynastic, possibly due to the absence of party organizations, independent civil-society associations which mobilize support for a party, and centralized financing of elections.<ref name="ppq.sagepub.com">{{Cite journal|last1=Chhibber⇑|first1=Pradeep|title=Dynastic parties Organization, finance and impact|journal=Party Politics |date=March 2013|volume=19|issue=2|pages=277–295|doi=10.1177/1354068811406995|s2cid=144781444}}</ref> The dynastic phenomenon is present at the national, state, regional, and district level. The [[Nehru–Gandhi family]] has produced [[List of prime ministers of India|three]] [[Prime Minister of India|Indian prime ministers]], and family members have largely led the [[Indian National Congress|Congress party]] since 1978.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Basu|first1=Amrita|editor-last=Chandra |editor-first=Kanchan|title=Democratic Dynasties: State, Party and Family in Contemporary Indian Politics|date=2016|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, UK|isbn=978-1-107-12344-1|page=136|edition=1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tesIDAAAQBAJ&q=sonia&pg=PR10|access-date=23 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110030054/https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=tesIDAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR10&dq=%22political+dynasties%22+india&ots=panvSUPVV9&sig=rBLRMVvTQ2f7mX6q3bm6Gj6eyfw#v=onepage&q=sonia&f=false|archive-date=10 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The ruling [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) also has several senior dynastic leaders. In addition to the major national parties, other national and regional parties such as [[Shiromani Akali Dal]], [[Shiv Sena]], [[Samajwadi Party]], [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]], [[Janata Dal (Secular)|Janata Dal Secular]], [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]], [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]], [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]], [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|AIMIM]], and the [[Nationalist Congress Party]] are dominated by families.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/918234/is-the-bjp-less-dynastic-than-the-congress-not-so-lok-sabha-data-shows|title = Is the BJP less dynastic than the Congress? Not so, Lok Sabha data shows}}</ref><ref name="Chandra2016">{{cite book|author=Kanchan Chandra|title=Democratic Dynasties: State, Party, and Family in Contemporary Indian Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VwbFDAAAQBAJ&pg=PR10|date=28 April 2016|publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-316-59212-0|page=131,136}}</ref>

== {{anchor|Nehru–Gandhi family - [[Indian National Congress| INC ]]}}Nehru–Gandhi family ==
{{Main articles|Nehru–Gandhi family}}
The Nehru–Gandhi family's involvement with the [[Indian National Congress|Congress Party]] began with [[Motilal Nehru]] in the 1920s, when India was still part of the British Empire. The family became more influential under his son, [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], who became a prominent figure in India's nationalist movement. After Jawaharlal's death, his daughter [[Indira Gandhi]] became his political heir (her surname came from her husband, [[Feroze Gandhi]]. The Nehru-Gandhi dynasty has dominated the Congress Party since Indian independence in 1947.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Doing Business in India|last1=Shira|first1=Dezan|last2=Devonshire-Ellis|first2=Chris|publisher=Springer|year=2012|isbn=9783642276170|location=Heidelberg|pages=11}}</ref> The party was defeated in the 2014 elections, however, and high-level defections took place in [[Maharashtra]], [[Assam]], [[West Bengal]], and [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=India's 2014 Elections: A Modi-led BJP Sweep|last=Wallace|first=Paul|publisher=SAGE Publications|year=2015|isbn=9789351505174|location=New Delhi}}</ref> The family still has widespread name recognition.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Political Leadership: Themes, Contexts, and Critiques|last=Foley|first=Michael|publisher=Ocford University Press|year=2013|isbn=9780199685936|location=Oxford|pages=138}}</ref>

=== {{anchor|Nehru-Gandhi Family in Congress}}Congress Party ===
*Motilal Nehru - Freedom fighter, [[politician]] and [[lawyer]]
**Jawaharlal Nehru - Freedom fighter, First Indian [[List of Prime Ministers of India|Prime Minister]], 1947–1964 (son of Motilal)
**[[Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit]] - Member of Parliament, diplomat (daughter of Motilal)
**[[Kamala Nehru]] - Congress Party leader (wife of Jawaharlal)
***Indira Gandhi - Prime Minister, 1966–1977 and 1980–1984 (daughter of Jawaharlal)
****[[Rajiv Gandhi]] - Prime minister, 1984–1989 (son of Indira)
****[[Sonia Gandhi]] - President of the Congress Party, leading it to victory in two successive [[Lok Sabha]] elections<ref>{{cite news|last=Vembu|first=Venky|title=Kalam not being truthful on Sonia-as-PM episode, says Swamy|url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/kalam-not-being-truthful-on-sonia-as-pm-episode-says-swamy|access-date=29 April 2014|newspaper=firstpost.com|date=June 30, 2012}}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> (wife of Rajiv)
*****[[Rahul Gandhi]] - Member of Parliament, Congress Party president (son of Rajiv and Sonia)
*****[[Priyanka Gandhi]] - Congress Party general secretary (daughter of Rajiv)
****[[Sanjay Gandhi]] - Politician (son of Indira)
*****[[Varun Gandhi]] - Former Member of Parliament (son of Sanjay)
****[[Uma Nehru]] - Member of Parliament (cousin of Indira)
*****[[Arun Nehru]] Former minister (nephew of Indira, son of Uma)

=== {{anchor|Nehru-Gandhi Family in BJP}}BJP ===
*[[Maneka Gandhi]] - Cabinet member of [[Narendra Modi]]'s government (widow of Sanjay)
**[[Varun Gandhi]] - Member of Parliament - (son of Sanjay)

== Mahatma Gandhi family ==
{{main|Family of Mahatma Gandhi}}
[[Mahatma Gandhi]] (2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) led the [[Indian independence movement]] in [[British Raj|British-ruled India]]. Gandhi was called the "[[Father of the Nation]]" by [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] on 6 July 1944 in an address on Singapore Radio. On 28 April 1947, [[Sarojini Naidu]] also called Gandhi the Father of the Nation.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-04-03|title=Who named Mahatma Gandhi 'father of nation'? Govt foxed|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lucknow/who-named-mahatma-gandhi-father-of-nation-govt-foxed/story-w1Mo525w6QoETwc93nf3QI.html|access-date=2021-08-06|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

In 1885, Gandhi and his wife [[Kasturba Gandhi|Kasturba]] (née Kasturbai Makhanji Kapadia) had their first baby; the baby survived only a few days. They had four more children, all sons: [[Harilal Gandhi|Harilal]] in 1888, [[Manilal Gandhi|Manilal]] in 1892, [[Ramdas Gandhi|Ramdas]] in 1897, and [[Devdas Gandhi|Devdas]] in 1900.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-01-01|url=http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2011/Jan/engpdf/46-50.pdf#page=58|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101071619/http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2011/Jan/engpdf/46-50.pdf#page=58|title=From Satya to Sadbhavana|url-status=dead|archive-date=2016-01-01|access-date=2021-09-21}}</ref> Gandhi's family has been less active in politics than Nehru's.

=={{anchor|Ambedkar Family}}Ambedkar family==
{{main|Ambedkar family}}
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
* [[B. R. Ambedkar]] (1891-1956) - Father of the [[Constitution of India]], first [[Minister of Law and Justice]], [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]], labour member of the [[Viceroy's Executive Council]], opposition leader in the [[Bombay Legislative Assembly]], member of the [[Bombay Legislative Council]]
** [[Yashwant Ambedkar]] (1912-1977) - Leader of the [[Republican Party of India]], member of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Council]] (son of B. R.)
*** [[Prakash Ambedkar]] - Leader of the [[Vanchit Bahujan Aghadi]], former [[Member of Parliament (India)|Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha MP]] (son of Yashwant)
*** [[Anandraj Ambedkar]] - Leader of the [[Republican Sena]] and the Vanchit Bahujan Aghadi (son of Yashwant)
**** Sujat Ambedkar (born 1995) — Activist, leader of the Vanchit Bahujan Aghadi (son of Prakash)

== {{anchor|Andhra Pradesh|The YSR Family|N.T.R Family|Nara Family|Botsa Family|Kinjarapu Family|Dharmana Family|Paritala Family|Vangaveeti Family|Devineni Family}}Reddy family ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
* [[Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy]] ("YSR"){{snd}}Chief Minister of [[Andhra Pradesh]] from 2004 to 2009
* [[Y. S. Vivekananda Reddy]]{{snd}}[[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]] and [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] from Andhra Pradesh (brother of YSR)
* [[Y. S. Vijayamma]]{{snd}}Chairperson of the YSR Congress Party and MLA in Andhra Pradesh from 2011 to 2014 (wife of YSR)
** [[Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy]]{{snd}}Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh since 30 May 2019
** [[Y. S. Sharmila]]{{snd}}National chairperson of the [[YSR Congress Party]]

== Bihar ==
{{main|Political families of Bihar}}

==={{anchor|Yadav Family}}Yadav family===
*[[Lalu Prasad Yadav]]{{snd}}Former [[List of chief ministers of Bihar|Chief Minister of Bihar]], former Union Railway Minister of [[India]], former Lok Sabha member, president of [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] (RJD)
*[[Rabri Devi]] Yadav — Former CM of Bihar, member of the [[Bihar Legislative Council]] (wife)
**[[Tejashwi Yadav]] — Former [[List of deputy chief ministers of Bihar|Deputy CM of Bihar]], leader of the opposition<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jansatta.com/national/bihar-rjd-leader-tejashwi-yadav-said-deputy-chief-minister-post-is-not-a-constitutional-post/1661394/|title= डिप्टी सीएम का पद संवैधानिक नहीं, सदन बोले तेजस्वी यादव; तारकिशोर प्रसाद को भी हड़काया|website= Jansatta|language=hi |access-date=2021-03-14}}</ref> and member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] (son)
**[[Tej Pratap Yadav]] — Former Minister of Health and Environment in the [[government of Bihar]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hindi.asianetnews.com/bihar-election/bihar-election-result-tej-pratap-yadav-becomes-mla-for-the-second-time-defeating-raj-kumar-asa-qjkzwi|title= तेज प्रताप यादव दूसरी बार बने विधायक, 3 बार से चुनाव जीत रहे राज कुमार को हराया|website= Asianet News|language=hi |access-date=2020-11-10}}</ref> member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly (son)
**[[Misa Bharti]] — [[Rajya Sabha]] member (daughter)

==={{anchor|Mishra Family}}Mishra family===
* [[Lalit Narayan Mishra]]{{snd}}Former Railway Minister of India
* [[Jagannath Mishra]]{{snd}}Former Chief Minister and Union Cabinet Minister (brother of Lalit)
* [[Vijay Kumar Mishra]]{{snd}}MLA, former MP from [[Janata Dal (United)]] (son of Lalit)
* [[Nitish Mishra]]{{snd}}Rural Development Minister and MLA (son of Jagannath)

==={{anchor|Sinha Family}}Sinha family===
*[[Thakur Jugal Kishore Sinha]]{{snd}}Freedom fighter, member of the first Lok Sabha, known as the father of India's cooperative movement
*[[Ram Dulari Sinha]]{{snd}}Freedom fighter, member of the first [[Vidhan Sabha]], former Union Minister and governor (wife)

== Chhattisgarh ==
{{main|Political families of Chhattisgarh}}

=== Jogi family ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[Ajit Jogi]]{{snd}}former [[Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh]]
*[[Renu Jogi]] - MLA from [[Kota, Bilaspur]] (wife of Ajit)

=== Shukla family ===
*[[Shyama Charan Shukla]]{{snd}}[[Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh]]
**[[Amitesh Shukla]]{{snd}}[[Chhattisgarh]] Rural Development Minister, 2002–2003 (son)

=== Kashyap family ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
* [[Baliram Kashyap]]{{snd}}[[Lok Sabha]] MP from [[Bastar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bastar]]
** [[Dinesh Kashyap]]{{snd}}Lok Sabha MP from Bastar (son)

=== Singh family ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
* [[Raman Singh]]{{snd}}Former Chhattisgarh Chief Minister
** [[Abhishek Singh (politician)|Abhishek Singh]]{{snd}}Lok Sabha MP from [[Rajnandgaon (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajnandgaon]] (son)

==={{anchor|The Alemao family}}Alemao family===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[Churchill Alemao]]{{snd}}Fourth [[List of chief ministers of Goa|Chief Minister of Goa]], former MP from [[South Goa (Lok Sabha constituency)|South Goa]] and MLA from [[Navelim (Goa Assembly constituency)|Navelim]], MLA from [[Benaulim (Goa Assembly constituency)|Benaulim]]
*[[Joaquim Alemao]]{{snd}}Former MLA from Benaulim and [[Cuncolim (Goa Assembly constituency)|Cuncolim]] (brother)

==={{anchor|The Bandodkar family}}Bandodkar family===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[Dayanand Bandodkar]]{{snd}}First Chief Minister of Goa, former MLA from [[Mandrem (Goa Assembly constituency)|Mandrem]] and [[Marcaim (Goa Assembly constituency)|Marcaim]]
**[[Shashikala Kakodkar]]{{snd}}Second Chief Minister of Goa, former MLA from [[Ponda (Goa Assembly constituency)|Ponda]], [[Bicholim (Goa Assembly constituency)|Bicholim]] and [[Maem (Goa Assembly constituency)|Maem]] (daughter)

==={{anchor|The Dhavalikar family}}Dhavalikar family===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[Sudin Dhavalikar]]{{snd}}MLA from [[Marcaim (Goa Assembly constituency)|Marcaim]]
*[[Deepak Dhavalikar]]{{snd}}Former MLA from [[Priol (Goa Assembly constituency)|Priol]] (brother)

==={{anchor|The D'Souza family}}D'Souza family===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[Francis D'Souza (politician)|Francis D'Souza]]{{snd}}Former MLA from [[Mapusa (Goa Assembly constituency)|Mapusa]]
**[[Joshua D'Souza]]{{snd}}MLA from Mapusa (son)

==={{anchor|The Gauns family}}Gauns family===
*[[Gurudas Gauns]]{{snd}}Former MLA from [[Pale (Goa Assembly constituency)|Pale]]<ref name="The Gauns family root">{{Cite web|url= https://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/The-Sunday-Roundtable/mla-attributes-victory-to-rane/19272|title=The Gauns family root|website=herald.com}}</ref>
*[[Pratap Prabhakar Gauns|Pratap Gauns]]{{snd}}Former MLA from Pale<ref name="The Gauns family root"/> (brother)

==={{anchor|The Monserrate family}}Monserrate family===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[Atanasio Monserrate]]{{snd}}MLA from [[Panaji (Goa Assembly constituency)|Panaji]], former MLA from [[Taleigao (Goa Assembly constituency)|Taleigao]] and [[St. Cruz (Goa Assembly constituency)|St. Cruz]]
*[[Jennifer Monserrate]]{{snd}}MLA from Taleigao (wife)

==={{anchor|The Rane family}}Rane family===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[Pratapsingh Rane]]{{snd}}Third Chief Minister of Goa, MLA from [[Poriem (Goa Assembly constituency)|Poriem]], former MLA from [[Sattari]]
**[[Vishwajit Pratapsingh Rane]]{{snd}}MLA from [[Valpoi (Goa Assembly constituency)|Valpoi]] (son)

==={{anchor|The Saldanha family}}Saldanha family===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[José Matanhy de Saldanha]]{{snd}}former MLA from [[Cortalim (Goa Assembly constituency)|Cortalim]]
*[[Alina Saldanha]]{{snd}}MLA from Cortalim (wife)

==={{anchor|The Sequeira family}}Sequeira family===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[Jack de Sequeira]]{{snd}}First opposition leader from Goa, former MLA from [[Panaji (Goa Assembly constituency)|Panaji]] and [[St. Cruz (Goa Assembly constituency)|St. Cruz]]
**[[Erasmo de Sequeira]]{{snd}}Former MP from [[South Goa (Lok Sabha constituency)|South Goa]] (son)

==={{anchor|The Vaz family}}Vaz family===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[John Manuel Vaz]]{{snd}}Former MLA from [[Mormugao (Goa Assembly constituency)|Mormugao]]
**Giovanni Karl Vaz{{snd}}Former MLA from Mormugao (son)

==={{anchor|The Zantye family}}Zantye family===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*Harish Narayan Prabhu Zantye{{snd}}Former MP from [[North Goa (Lok Sabha constituency)|North Goa]], former MLA from [[Bicholim (Goa Assembly constituency)|Bicholim]] and [[Maem (Goa Assembly constituency)|Maem]]
**[[Pravin Zantye]]{{snd}}MLA from Maem (son)

==={{anchor|The Chautala Family}}Chautala family===

*[[Chaudhari Devi Lal]] (1914–2001) – [[Deputy Prime Minister of India]] (1989–91), [[Chief Minister of Haryana]] (1977–79 and 1987–1989)
**[[Om Prakash Chautala]] – Former Chief Minister of Haryana (son)
**[[Ranjit Singh Chautala]] – Former MLA and Minister of [[Haryana]] (son)
***[[Abhay Chautala]] – MLA in [[Haryana]] and former MLA in [[Rajasthan]] (son of Om)
***[[Ajay Chautala]] – MLA, Former MP from Haryana (son of Om)
***[[Naina Chautala]] – MLA in Haryana (wife of Ajay)
****[[Dushyant Chautala]] – Current Deputy Chief Minister,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shri Dushyant Chautala {{!}} CMO Haryana|url=https://haryanacmoffice.gov.in/node/52|access-date=2021-04-29|website=haryanacmoffice.gov.in}}</ref> former Member of Parliament from Haryana (son of Ajay)

=== {{anchor|The Jindal Family}}Jindal family ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[Om Prakash Jindal]] (1930–2005) – Minister of Power of Haryana (2005), Lok Sabha member (1996–1997), member of Haryana Legislative Assembly (1991–1996, 2005)
*[[Savitri Jindal]] (1950–) – Member of Haryana Legislative Assembly (2005–), Minister of Power of Haryana 2005–2010 (wife)
**[[Naveen Jindal]] (1970–) – Lok Sabha member 2004–present (son)

==Himachal Pradesh==
==={{anchor|Singh (Raja) Family}}HP Singh family===
*[[Virbhadra Singh]] (23 June 1934 – 8 July 2021), popularly known as Raja Saheb, was [[Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh]], member of the [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]], and a Union Minister in [[Manmohan Singh]] and Indira Gandhi's governments. He was a [[Lok Sabha]] member from [[Mandi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mandi]] and [[Shimla (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shimla]].
*[[Pratibha Singh]] (born 16 July 1956) – Congress Lok Sabha MP from Mandi (wife)
**[[Vikramaditya Singh (Himachal Pradesh politician)|Vikramaditya Singh]] (born 17 October 1989){{snd}}Congress member of the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly (son)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/13th-himachal-pradesh-assembly-vibhadra-singh-vikramaditya-singh-jai-ram-thakur-5017840/|title=Himachal Pradesh Political royal family Father-son duo take oath of office for state assembly|website=theindianexpress.com}}</ref>

==={{anchor|Dhumal Family}}Dhumal family===
*[[Prem Kumar Dhumal]] (born 10 April 1944){{snd}}Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh (March 1998{{snd}}March 2003 and 1 January 2008{{snd}}25 December 2012), former Lok Sabha member from [[Hamirpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hamirpur]]
**[[Anurag Singh Thakur]] (born 24 October 1974){{snd}}Lok Sabha member from Hamirpur, Minister of State for Finance and Corporate Affairs in [[Narendra Modi]]'s government (son)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Anurag-Thakur-takes-over-as-BJP-youth-wing-chief/article16271038.ece|title=CM Prem Kumar Dhumal's son Anurag Thakur takes over as BJP youth wing chief|website=thehindu.com}}</ref>

==={{anchor|Sukh Ram Family}}Sukh Ram family===
*[[Sukh Ram]] (b. 27 July 1927){{snd}}[[Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (India)|Minister of Communications and Information Technology]] from 1993 to 1996 in the [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]] government, Lok Sabha member from [[Mandi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mandi]] and an MLA
**[[Anil Sharma (politician)|Anil Sharma]] (b. 30 June 1956){{snd}}Congress MLA from Mandi in 1993, 2007 and 2012, and a Bharatiya Janata Party MLA in 2017; rejoined the [[Indian National Congress]] in 2019 (son)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha-2019/for-sukhram-life-has-come-full-circle/article27152554.ece|title=For Sukhram life has come full circle|website=thehindu.com}}</ref>

==Jammu and Kashmir==
=== {{anchor|The Abdullah Family}}Abdullah family ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
* [[Sheikh Abdullah]] - [[Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir]]
* [[Begum Akbar Jehan Abdullah]]{{snd}}Member of Parliament (wife)
** [[Sheikh Mustafa Kamal]] - MLA (son of Sheikh Abdullah)
** [[Farooq Abdullah]] - Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir (son of Sheikh Abdullah). Farooq's children:
*** [[Omar Abdullah]] - Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir and former Union Minister, [[Government of India]] (son of Farooq)
*** [[Sara Abdullah]] - Wife of [[Sachin Pilot]] former Deputy Chief Minister of [[Rajasthan]], former Member of Parliament and former Union Minister, Government of India (daughter of Farooq)

=== {{anchor|The Sayeed Family}}Sayeed family ===
{{See also|Saʽid|Sayyid}}
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[Mufti Mohammad Sayeed]] - Former Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir
**[[Mehbooba Mufti]] - Former Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir (daughter)

==Karnataka==
=== {{anchor|Devegowda Family}}Devegowda family ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[H. D. Devegowda]] - Former [[Prime Minister of India]], only prime minister from [[Karnataka]]
**[[H. D. Kumaraswamy]] - Former [[List of chief ministers of Karnataka|Chief Minister of Karnataka]]
**[[H. D. Revanna]] - [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]], former Minister of the [[Karnataka Public Works Department]]
***[[Prajwal Revanna]] - Member of the [[17th Lok Sabha]] from [[Hassan (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hassan]] (son of H. D. Revanna)

== Madhya Pradesh ==
{{main|Political families of Madhya Pradesh}}

=== {{anchor|The Singh Family of Churhat}}Singh family (Churhat) ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[Rao Shiv Bahadur Singh]] (1894–1955) from [[Churhat]]{{snd}}Member of [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]'s cabinet, imprisoned for bribery
**[[Arjun Singh (politician, born 1930)|Arjun Singh]] - Former Union Minister for Human Resources Department and former [[Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh]] (son of Rao)
***[[Ajay Arjun Singh]]{{snd}}Former cabinet minister in the [[Madhya Pradesh]] government and former opposition leader (son of Arjun)

==={{anchor|The [[Chowdhury|Chaudhary]] family of Bhind}}Chaudhary family===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
* [[Chaudhary Dilip Singh Chaturvedi]]{{snd}}MLA from [[Bhind (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bhind]]
** [[Chaudhary Rakesh Singh Chaturvedi]]{{snd}}Former cabinet minister, former leader of the opposition, MLA from Bhind (son)
** [[Mukesh Choudhary (politician)|Chaudhary Mukesh Singh Chaturvedi]]{{snd}}MLA from [[Mehgaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mehgaon]] (son)

=== Chaturvedi family ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[Vidyawati Chaturvedi]]{{snd}}MLA from [[Laundi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Laundi]]
**[[Satyavrat Chaturvedi]]{{snd}}Member of the [[Rajya Sabha]] (son)

=== Nath family ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[Kamal Nath]]{{snd}}Former [[Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh]], former [[Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs|Minister of Urban Development]], former member of the Lok Sabha from [[Chhindwara]]
*[[Alka Nath]]{{snd}}Former MP from Chhindwara (wife)
**[[Nakul Nath]]{{snd}}Member of the Lok Sabha from Chhindwara (son)

=== {{anchor|Singh family}}MP Singh family ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
* [[Balbhadra Singh (politician)|Balbhadra Singh]]{{snd}}MLA from [[Raghogarh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Raghogarh]]
** [[Digvijaya Singh]]{{snd}}15th [[Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh]] (son)
** [[Lakshman Singh (politician)|Lakshman Singh]]{{snd}}MLA from Raghogarh (son)
** [[Mool Singh]]{{snd}}MLA from Raghogarh (nephew)

=== Vajpayee family ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
* [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]{{snd}}10th [[Prime Minister of India]]
** [[Karuna Shukla]]{{snd}}Member of the [[14th Lok Sabha]] (niece)

== Maharashtra ==
{{main|Political families of Maharashtra}}

=== {{anchor|The Thackeray Family}}Thackeray family ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[Uddhav Thackeray]] - Chief Minister of [[Maharashtra]]
**[[Aditya Thackeray]] - Cabinet minister in the [[Government of Maharashtra]] (son)

=== {{anchor|The Pawar Family}}Pawar family ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[Sharad Pawar]] – Former [[Defence Minister of India]] and [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra]]
**[[Supriya Sule]] – Member of the Lok Sabha From [[Baramati]] (daughter)
**[[Ajit Pawar]] – Deputy Chief Minister of [[Maharashtra]] (nephew)

==Odisha==
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
{{main|Political families of Odisha}}
===Patnaik family===
*[[Biju Patnaik]] - Former Chief Minister of [[Odisha]] (earlier known as Orissa)
**[[Naveen Patnaik]] - [[Chief Minister of Odisha]] (son)

===Biswal family===
*[[Basant Kumar Biswal]] - Former Deputy Chief Minister of Odisha
**[[Chiranjib Biswal]] - Former deputy opposition leader of the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]] (son)

==Pondicherry==
=== {{anchor|The [[Reddiar]] Family}}Reddiar family ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[V. Venkatasubha Reddiar]]{{snd}}Former [[Chief Minister of Pondicherry]] and freedom fighter
**[[Vaithilingam|V. Vaithilingam Reddiar]]{{snd}}Former Chief Minister of Pondicherry (son)

=== {{anchor|The Farook family}}Farook family ===
*[[M. O. H. Farook]]{{snd}}Former Chief Minister of Pondicherry
** [[M. O. H. F. Shahjahan]]{{snd}}Former Education Minister of Pondicherry (son)

==Punjab==
{{main|Political families of Punjab, India}}
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
===Badal family===
*[[Prakash Singh Badal]] – Former [[List of chief ministers of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister of Punjab]]
**[[Sukhbir Singh Badal]] – Former Deputy Chief Minister of Punjab, MP (Lok Sabha), president [[Shiromani Akali Dal]] (Badal) (son)
**[[Harsimrat Kaur Badal]] – Member of the Lok Sabha (wife of Sukhbir Singh)
**[[Bikramjit Singh Majithia]] – Former minister, Punjab (brother of Harsimrat Kaur)
***[[Adesh Pratap Singh Kairon]] – Minister, Punjab (son-in-law of Prakash Singh)

===Brar family===
Harcharan Singh Brar-Former Chief Minister & former power minister punjab
** Gurbinder Kaur Brar-Former MP (wife)
** Kanwarjit Singh Brar (sunny)-former MLA (son)
** Karan Kaur Brar former MLA (Daughter in law)
*[[Jaswinder Singh Brar]] – Former Corporate Minister of Punjab
**[[Mantar Singh Brar]] – MLA and Chief Parliamentary Secretary, Punjab SAD (son)

===Singh (Amarinder) family===
*[[Amarinder Singh]]{{snd}}CM Punjab, former Lok Sabha member, member of the [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Preneet Kaur]]{{snd}}Member of the Lok Sabha, former member of the Punjab Legislative Assembly (wife)

==={{anchor|Sidhu Family}}Sidhu family===
*[[Navjot Singh Sidhu]]{{snd}}Member of the [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]], former minister in the [[Amarinder Singh]] government, former [[Lok Sabha]] and [[Rajya Sabha]] member
**[[Navjot Kaur Sidhu]]{{snd}}Former member of the Punjab Legislative Assembly (wife)

==Tamil Nadu==
{{main|Political families of Tamil Nadu}}

===The [[Ramachandran]] Family - AIADMK ===
*[[M.G. Ramachandran]] – Former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
*[[VN Janaki Ramachandran]], wife of above – Former Chief Minister of [[Tamil Nadu]]
=== The [[V. K. Sassikala]] Family - Multi Parties===
***[[V. K. Sassikala|VK Sassikala]], Indian Busniesswoman turned Politician and AMMK Leader
*** [[M. Natarajan]], Sassikala's husband
*** V. K. Dhivakaran, Founding General Secretary Of Anna Dravidar Kazhagam and brother of VK Sassikala
*** [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]], General Secretary Of Ammk and Sassikala's elder Sister Vanimani's Son
**** [[Anuradha Dhinakaran]] , Dhinakaran's wife.
*** [[V. N. Sudhakaran]], Jayalalithaa's foster son and brother of TTV Dhinakaran
*** T. T. V. Bhaskaran, Founding General Secretary Of Anna Mgr Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam and brother of TTV Dhinakaran
*** J. Illavarsi, Sassikala's brother Jayaraman's widow
*** Vivek Jayaraman, Sassikala's brother Jayaraman's son
===The [[Karunanidhi]] family - DMK===
*[[M. Karunanidhi]] – former Chief Minister of [[Tamil Nadu]]
**[[M. K. Muthu]] (son of [[Karunanidhi]]) – Indian Actor, Singer and Politician.
**[[M.K. Stalin]] (son of [[Karunanidhi]]) – Chief Minister of [[Tamil Nadu]]
***[[Udhayanidhi Stalin]] (son of [[M.K. Stalin]]) – [[Tamil cinema]] producer, actor, politician and MLA.
**[[M.K. Alagiri]], son of Karunanidhi – former Union Minister for Chemicals and Fertilizers
***[[Dayanidhi Azhagiri]], son of Azhagiri – [[Tamil people|Tamil]] cinema producer and distributor.
**[[Kanimozhi]] (daughter of [[Karunanidhi]]) – Member of Parliament, [[Lok Sabha]]
**[[Murasoli Maran]] (nephew of [[Karunanidhi]]) – former Union Minister, [[Government of India]]
***[[Dayanidhi Maran]] (son of Maran) – former Union Minister for Textiles
***[[Kalanidhi Maran]] (son of Maran) – Chairman and Managing Director of [[Sun Group]], which was the most profitable television network in [[Asia]].

===The [[Ramadoss]] Family - PMK===
*[[S. Ramadoss]] – PMK founder, Tamil Nadu politician
**[[Anbumani Ramadoss]] – former Cabinet Minister and [[Member of Parliament]] (MP) from [[Rajya Sabha]]

===The [[Kumaramangalam]] Family [multi-party]===
Kumaramangalam family is in politics for 4 generations (great grandfather, grandfather, father & son and aunt)
*[[P. Subbarayan]] – Premier (Prime Minister) of Madras Presidency, 1926 - 1930.
*[[Radhabai Subbarayan]] (wife of Dr. [[P. Subbarayan]])
**[[Mohan Kumaramangalam]] – Politician of [[Indian National Congress]] and Union Cabinet Minister, [[Government of India]]
***[[Parvathi Krishnan]] – [[Member of Parliament]] (MP) from [[Communist Party]] for 3 terms.
***[[Rangarajan Kumaramangalam]] – Politician of [[Indian National Congress]] and Union Cabinet Minister, [[Government of India]]
***[[Lalitha Kumaramangalam]] – [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) politician
****R. Mohan Kumaramangalam, an alumnus of MIT, USA (grandson of Mohan Kumaramangalam) presently the Working President of [[Tamil Nadu Congress Committee]], President of TN Professional Congress & Coordinator of Southern Chapter (5 states & 1 UT) of AIPC.

=== The Rajagopalachari Family - Congress ===
*Late [[C. Rajagopalachari]], Chief Minister of Madras Presidency (1937–40), [[Madras State]] (1952–54), Governor of [[West Bengal]] (1946–48), Governor-General of India (1948–50). Union Minister in [[Government of India]] (1950–52).
** [[Gopalkrishna Gandhi]], Governor of [[West Bengal]].
** [[C. R. Narasimhan]], Former Member of [[Lok Sabha]] from [[Krishnagiri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Krishnagiri]].

=== The C.P.Ramaswami Iyer family - Congress ===
* [[C. P. Ramaswami Iyer]], Member of [[Madras Legislative Council]] and Diwan of Travancore.
** [[C. R. Pattabhi Raman]], Former Member of [[Lok Sabha]] from [[Kumbakonam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kumbakonam]].

=== The [[Bhaktavatsalam]] Family - Congress ===
* [[M. Bhaktavatsalam]], Chief Minister of [[Madras]] state (1962–1967).
*[[Jayanthi Natarajan]], Former Member of [[Indian Parliament]].

=== The [[G. K. Moopanar]] Family - TMC ===
*Late [[G. K. Moopanar]], Indian politician and founder of the [[Tamil Maanila Congress]].
** [[G. K. Vasan]], Former Union Minister in [[Government of India]].

=== The Vaiko Family - MDMK ===
* [[Vaiko]], founder of the [[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]].
** [[Durai Vaiyapuri]], Internet wing [[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|MDMK]].

=== The [[O. Paneerselvam]] Family - AIADMK ===
*[[O. Paneerselvam]] (Former Chief Minister of [[Tamil Nadu]])
**[[P. Raveendranath Kumar|O. P. Raveendranath Kumar]] [[Member of Parliament]] (Eldest son of O.P.S)

=== The P.T.R Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ===
* [[P. T. Rajan]], Chief Minister of Madras Presidency in 1936.
** [[P. T. R. Palanivel Rajan]], former Speaker of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] and Minister in the State Cabinet.
**[[Palanivel Thiagarajan|P.T.R.Palanivel Thiyagarajan]] , finance minister of [[Tamil Nadu]].

=== The [[Durai Murugan]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ===
*[[Durai Murugan]] (Current Minister for Water Resources of Tamil Nadu)
**[[Kathir Anand]] [[Member of Parliament]] from [[Vellore (Lok Sabha constituency)]] (Only Son of Durai Murugan)

=== The [[T R Balu]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ===
*[[ T R Balu]] [[Member of Parliament]] from [[Sriperumbudur (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
**[[T R B Rajaa]] an MLA from [[Mannargudi]] constituency

=== The [[V. Thangapandian]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ===
*[[V. Thangapandian]] Former MLA [[Aruppukottai (state assembly constituency)]]
**[[Thangam Thennarasu]], Son of [[Thangam Thennarasu|V. Thangapandian]]. Minister for Department of Industries , Tamil Official Language, Tamil Culture and Archeology Minister of Tamil nadu]]
**[[Thamizhachi Thangapandian]], Daughter of [[Thangam Thennarasu|V. Thangapandian]]. She is member of Parliament [[Chennai South (Lok Sabha constituency)]]

===The [[I. Periyasamy]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ===
*[[I. Periyasamy]], 2021 Minister of Co-operation, Government of Tamilnadu.
**[[I P Senthil Kumar]], Son of [[I.Periyasamy]], an MLA from [[Attur (state assembly constituency)]]

=== The [[Anbil P. Dharmalingam]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ===
*[[Anbil P. Dharmalingam]], was one of the founder-members of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK)]]
**[[Anbil Poyyamozhi]], son of Anbil P. Dharmalingam, Former minister of School Education of Tamil Nadu,
***[[Anbil Mahesh Poyyamozhi]], son of Anbil Poyyamozhi a member of Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, Minister for School Education in Tamil Nadu
**[[Anbil Periyasamy]], son of Anbil P. Dharmalingam, Former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu, [[Tiruchirappalli – II]]

===The [[K. Anbazhagan]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ===
*[[K. Anbazhagan]], Former minister of Finance.
**[[A.Vetriazhagan]], Grandson of [[K. Anbazhagan]], an MLA from [[Villivakkam (state assembly constituency)]]

===The [[K. Ponmudy]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]]===
*K. Ponmudy, Minister of Higher Education of Tamil Nadu
**[[Gautham Sigamani]], Son of K.Ponmudy, an MP from [[Kallakurichi (Lok Sabha constituency)]]

===The [[Aladi Aruna]] (alias) V Arunachalam Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ===
*[[Aladi Aruna]], Former Minister of Law
**[[Poongothai Aladi Aruna]], Daughter of Aladi Aruna, Former minister of Tamil Nadu for Information Technology

===The [[N. V. Natarajan]] - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ===
*[[N. V. Natarajan]], founding member of DMK. He was former minister for Labour and Backward classes in Tamil Nadu Government during 1969 - 1975
**[[N. V. N. Somu]] Son of [[N. V. Natarajan]]. He was former Lok Shaba member.
***[[Kanimozhi NVN Somu]] Daughter of [[N. V. N. Somu]] Member of Rajya Shaba from DMK.

===The [[Arcot N. Veeraswami]] Family - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK]] ===
*[[Arcot N. Veeraswami]] Former treasurer of DMK, Former Minister of DMK
**[[Kalanidhi Veeraswamy]] Member of Lok Shaba from North Chennai constituency

== Tripura ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
===Tripura Singh family===
* [[Sachindra Lal Singh]] - Former [[chief minister]] of [[Tripura]]
** Asish Lal Singh - State president of [[Trinamool Congress]] (son)

== Uttar Pradesh ==

=== {{anchor|The [[Jadhav#Clan organization|Yadav]] Family}}UP Yadav family ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[Mulayam Singh Yadav]] – former [[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]], former [[Defence Minister of India]]
*[[Shivpal Singh Yadav]] – Minister in the [[government of Uttar Pradesh]] (brother)
*[[Ram Gopal Yadav]] – Minister in the UP government (brother)
**[[Akhilesh Yadav]] – Former chief minister of Uttar Pradesh (son of Mulayam)
**[[Dimple Yadav]] – Lok Sabha MP (daughter-in-Law of Mulayam)

==={{anchor|The [[Singh]] (Kalyan) Family}}Singh (Kalyan) family===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
* [[Kalyan Singh]]{{snd}}Former [[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]] and [[governor of Rajasthan]]
** [[Sandeep Singh (politician)|Sandip Singh]]{{snd}}Minister of State in Uttar Pradesh (grandson)

== West Bengal ==
{{main|Political families of West Bengal}}

=== {{anchor|The [[Subhas Chandra Bose|Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose]] Family}}Subhas Chandra Bose family ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
* [[Subhas Chandra Bose]]{{snd}}Indian nationalist
**[[Subrata Bose]] - [[Member of parliament]] (MP) from Barasat Lok Sabha constituency 2004-2009 (youngest son of [[Sarat Chandra Bose]] and nephew of Subhas Chandra Bose)
**[[Krishna Bose]] - MP from [[Jadavpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jadavpur]] 1996-2004 (wife of [[Sisir Kumar Bose]], Subhas Chandra Bose's nephew)
***[[Sugata Bose]] - Lok Sabha MP from Jadavpur 2014-2019 (Sisir Kumar Bose and Krishna Bose's son)

=== {{anchor|The Dasmunsi Family}}Dasmunsi family ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
*[[Priya Ranjan Dasmunsi]] - Former cabinet minister in the [[government of India]]
*[[Deepa Dasmunsi]] - Former Minister of State for Urban Development in the government of India (wife)

=== {{anchor|The [[Banerjee]] Family of South Kolkata}}Banerjee family ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
* [[Mamata Banerjee]] - Chief Minister of [[West Bengal]]
**[[Abhishek Banerjee (politician)|Abhishek Banerjee]] - MP from [[Diamond Harbour]] constituency (nephew)

=== {{anchor|The Bandopadhyay Family of North Kolkata}}Bandopadhyay family ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
* [[Sudip Bandyopadhyay]] - MP from the Kolkata Uttar constituency
* Nayana Bandyopadhyay - MLA (wife)

=== {{anchor|The Ahmed Family}}Ahmed family ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
* [[Sultan Ahmed (Indian politician)|Sultan Ahmed]] - MP and former Union Minister of State for Tourism Department, government of India
* [[Sajda Ahmed]] - MP from the [[Uluberia]] constituency (wife)
* [[Iqbal Ahmed]] - MLA and former deputy mayor of [[Kolkata]] (brother)

=== {{anchor|The [[Chatterjee]] Family of Bolpur, Birbhum district}}Chatterjee family ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
* [[Nirmal Chandra Chatterjee]] - MP from [[Hooghly (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hoogly]]
* [[Somnath Chatterjee]] - Speaker of the [[Lok Sabha]] and MP from [[Bolpur]] (son)

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:India political families}}
[[Category:Political families of India| ]]
[[Category:India politics-related lists]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian families]]
[[Category:Lists of political families]]

T. T. V. Dhinakaran

2022-04-21T12:58:08Z

Snthilakammarist:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{BLP sources|date=February 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = T. T. V. Dhinakaran
| image =File:T.T.V. Dhinakaran.jpg
| caption =
| assembly = 15th Tamil Nadu
| term_start = {{Start date|2017|12|24|df=yes}}
| term_end = {{End date|2021|05|02|df=yes}}
| 1blankname = [[List of speakers of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Speaker]]
| 1namedata = [[P. Dhanapal]]
| predecessor = [[J. Jayalalithaa]]
| successor = J. J. Ebenezer
| constituency_AM = [[Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar (State Assembly Constituency)|Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar]]
| parliament1 = Indian
| term_start1 = {{Start date|2004|06|30|df=yes}}
| term_end1 = {{End date|2010|06|29|df=yes}}
| 1blankname1 = [[List of vice presidents of India|Chairperson]]
| 1namedata1 = [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] [[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]
| constituency_MP1 = [[Rajya Sabha]] from [[Tamil Nadu]]
| parliament2 = Indian
| term_start2 = {{Start date|1999|10|13|df=yes}}
| term_end2 = {{End date|2004|02|06|df=yes}}
| 1blankname2 = [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha|Speaker]]
| 1namedata2 = [[G. M. C. Balayogi]] [[Manohar Joshi]]
| predecessor2 = [[R. Muthiah]]
| successor2 = [[J. M. Aaroon Rashid]]
| constituency_MP2 = [[Lok Sabha]] from [[Periyakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Periyakulam]]
| office3 = General Secretary of the [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]]
| term_start3 = 18 March 2018
| term_end3 =
| deputy3 = {{Unbulleted_list||[[M. Rengasamy]]|[[G. Senthamizhan]]}}
| 1blankname3 = President
| 1namedata3 = [[V. K. Sassikala]]
| predecessor3 = ''postion established''
| successor3 = | office5 = Deputy General Secretary of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| term_start5 = 15 February 2017
| term_end5 = 20 September 2017
| 1blankname5 = General Secretary
| 1namedata5 = [[V. K. Sasikala]]
| predecessor5 = [[V. R. Nedunchezhiyan]] and [[R. M. Veerappan]]
| successor5 = ''position abolished''
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1963|12|13|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Thiruthuraipoondi]], [[Madras State]] (present-day [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]])
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| party = [[File:AMMK Flag.jpg|20px]][[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]] {{small|(from 15 March 2018)}}
| otherparty = [[File:AIADMK_Official_Flag.png|20px]][[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] {{small|(until 2017)}} Independent {{small|(2017-2018)}}
| spouse = {{Marriage|Anuradha|1992}}
| children = Jaya Harini (Only daughter)
| father = T. Vivekanandam
| mother = V. Vanithamani
| relatives = [[Political families of Tamil Nadu#The V. K. Sassikala Family - Multi Parties|Sassikala Family]]
| residence = Jaya Harini 5, Venkateshwara Nagar 4th street, [[Adyar, Chennai|Adyar]], [[T. Nagar]], [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Businessman|Politician}}
| nickname = '''T.T.V.''' and TTVyaar }}

'''T. T. V. Dhinakaran''' (born 13 December 1963), Popularly Known as '''T.T.V.''' and TTVYaar <ref>{{cite web | url=http://164.100.47.5/newmembers/Website/Main.aspx | title=Shri LED. T. V. Dhinakaran CMRajya Sabha profile | publisher=[[Rajya Sabha]] | accessdate=25 August 2017}}</ref> is an Indian politician and General Secretary of [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam|Amma Makkal Munneetra Kazagam]]. In the past he was the Treasurer of [[AIADMK|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] Party and served as the Member of Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha. He was expelled from the AIADMK on August 2017.<ref name="ccc">{{cite web |title=Sasikala to be expelled from AIADMK, OPS settles for deputy CM |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/sasikala-be-expelled-aiadmk-ops-settles-deputy-cm-67147 |website=The News Minute |accessdate=1 December 2018 |date=21 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=NARASIMHAN |first1=T. E. |title=Ruling AIADMK expels Sasikala & Dhinakaran, plans to retrieve Jaya TV |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/ruling-aiadmk-expels-sasikala-dhinakaran-plans-to-retrieve-jaya-tv-117082800333_1.html |website=Business Standard India |date=28 August 2017}}</ref> He also served as former [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[15th Tamil Nadu Assembly]] from [[Radhakrishnan Nagar|Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar]] (2017-2021).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/rk-nagar-byelection-dhinakaran-wins-rk-nagar-bypoll-creates-history-in-tamil-nadu/articleshow/62231256.cms | title=Dhinakaran wins RK Nagar bypoll, creates history in Tamil Nadu | work=Pradeep Kumar | date=24 December 2017 | accessdate=24 December 2017}}</ref> He is the nephew of [[V. K. Sasikala]]. He won the highly anticipated RK Nagar by-election in December 2017. On 15 March 2018 Dhinakaran launched his political party named [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]].<ref name="ppp"/>

== Political career ==
Dhinakaran was a Member of Lok Sabha, representing [[Periyakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Periyakulam]] from 1999 to 2004,<ref name=report>{{cite web|title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 1999 to the 13th Lok Sabha| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf |website=[[Election Commission of India]]|format=[[PDF]]|pages=85| accessdate = 19 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=112&lastls=13 | title=Dhinakaran, Shri T. T. V. Lok Sabha Profile | publisher=[[Lok Sabha]] | accessdate=25 August 2017}}</ref> and was runner-up in the seat at [[Indian general election, 2004 (Tamil Nadu)|2004 general election]] when he was defeated by [[J. M. Aaron Rashid]]. In 2017 R.K Nagar by-election, he defeated [[AIADMK]]'s candidate [[E. Madhusudhanan]] with a huge margin of votes as an Independent candidate. He assumed office of MLA on 29 December 2017.

Dinakaran was reinducted into the AIADMK and appointed deputy general secretary on 15 February 2017, hours before [[V. K. Sasikala]] left to surrender herself in the Bengaluru court to serve the jail term in a disproportionate assets case. He was expelled from the party on August, 2017<ref name="ccc"/> and launched his own party Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam (AMMK) on 15 March 2018.<ref name="ppp">{{cite web |title=Dhinakaran launches party, names it ‘Amma Makkal Munetra Kazhagam’ after Jayalalithaa |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/dhinakaran-launches-new-party-names-it-amma-makkal-munetra-kazhagam-after-late-tamil-nadu-cm-jayalalithaa/story-mmciQ87QUNa1Vue1OIZ8pK.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=15 March 2018}}</ref>

== Lawsuit ==
On 17 April 2017, Delhi police registered a case against Dhinakaran regarding an allegation of attempting to bribe the [[Election Commission of India]] (ECI) for the AIADMK's [[election symbol]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Biswas|first1=Tanima|last2=Shukla|first2=Shuchi|title=Dinakaran Allotted 50 Crores To Buy AIADMK Symbol, Audio Proof Too: Cops|url=http://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/vk--nephew-ttv-dinakaran-accused-in-case-of-offering-bribe-for-aiadmks-election-symbol-1682216|publisher=[[NDTV]]|date=17 April 2017}}</ref> It is claimed that a middle-man named Sukesh Chandrasekhar, who was raided and arrested in Delhi and was found with 13 million, which was allegedly meant as a bribe for the ECI in exchange for the symbol. Dinakaran has been charged with conspiracy and corruption in the case.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Jha|first1=Rajshekhar|title=More trouble for TTV Dinakaran as Delhi police files bribery case against him|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/more-trouble-for-ttv-dinakaran-as-delhi-police-files-bribery-case-against-him/articleshow/58215945.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=17 April 2017}}</ref> In a recent development, the Tis Hazari Special Court granted him bail<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/aiadmk-symbol-case-delhi-court-grants-bail-to-ttv-dhinakaran/articleshow/58943119.cms|title=AIADMK symbol case: Delhi Court grants bail to TTV Dhinakaran – Times of India ►|accessdate=24 July 2018}}</ref> on the grounds that the police had failed to identify the public official allegedly bribed, accepting the argument made by his lawyer [[Aman Lekhi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/aiadmk-election-symbol-case-ttv-dhinakaran-seeks-bail-police-opposes-it-1705399|title=AIADMK Election Symbol Case: TTV Dhinakaran Seeks Bail, Police Opposes It|accessdate=24 July 2018}}</ref>

== Elections ==
===Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Elections===
T. T. V. Dhinakaran represented Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar in the Tamil Nadu Assembly from 2017 to 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/rk-nagar-byelection-dhinakaran-wins-rk-nagar-bypoll-creates-history-in-tamil-nadu/articleshow/62231256.cms|title=Dhinakaran wins RK Nagar bypoll, creates history in Tamil Nadu|website=The Times of India|accessdate=28 December 2017}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Assembly
!Party
!Constituency
!Result
!Votes gained
!Vote %
|-
|2017 [[By-election]]
|[[15th Tamil Nadu Assembly]]
|Independent
|[[Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar]]
|Winner
|89,013
|50.32%
|-
|2021
|[[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|16th Tamil Nadu Assembly]]
|[[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]]
|[[Kovilpatti (state assembly constituency)|Kovilpatti]]
|Runner-up
|56,153
|31.04%
|}

=== Lok Sabha Elections ===
Dhinakaran won in 1999 and was runner-up in 2004 [[Lok Sabha]] election.<ref>http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf</ref><ref>http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_I_LS_2004.pdf</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Election
!Party
!PC Name
!Result
!Votes gained
!Vote %
|-
|1999
|[[13th Lok Sabha]]
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] 
|[[Periyakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Periyakulam]]
|Winner
|{{formatnum:303881}}
|46.15%
|-
|2004
|[[14th Lok Sabha]]
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] 
|[[Periyakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Periyakulam]]
|Runner-up
|{{formatnum:325696}}
|46.49%
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=112&lastls=13 Official Biographical Sketch in Lok Sabha Website]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dhinakaran, T. T. V.}}
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:13th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:People from Theni district]]
[[Category:Indian political party founders]]
[[Category:Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]

V. K. Sassikala

2022-04-21T12:56:00Z

Snthilakammarist:

{{Short description|Indian Busness woman turned politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = V. K. Sassikala
| image =
| caption =
|office = President Of [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]] | 1blankname = General Secretary
| 1namedata = [[TTV Dhinakaran]] |term_start = 12 March 2022 | office1 = General Secretary of the [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]]
| term_start1 = 15 March 2018
| term_end1 = 19 April 2019
| deputy1 = [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]]
| predecessor1 = ''position established''
| successor1 = [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]] | office2 = General secretary of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| term_start2 = {{Start date|2016|12|29|df=yes}}
| term_end2 = 12 September 2017<ref name="sasioust" />
| predecessor2 = [[J. Jayalalithaa]]
| successor2 = ''Position abolished'' | deputy2 = [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]]

| birth_name = Vivekanandan Krishnaveni Sasikala
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1954|08|18|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Thiruthuraipoondi]], [[Thiruvarur]], [[Madras State]] (present day [[Tamil Nadu]]), India 
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| nickname ={{hlist|Puratchi Thaai|Chinnamma|Singa Thaaragai}}
| website ={{url|http://puratchithaai.com/}}
| spouse = {{Marriage|[[Draft:M.Natarajan|M. Natarajan]]|1973|2018|end=death}}
| parents = {{Unbulleted_list|Vivekanandan Saluvar|Krishnaveni}}
| relatives = [[Political families of Tamil Nadu#The V. K. Sassikala Family - Multi Parties|Sassikala Family]]
}}
'''Vivekanandan Krishnaveni Sassikala''' {{efn|In 2001 Sasikala appended an additional letter "s" to her name for [[numerological]] reasons.<ref>{{cite news |author= |url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/2001/06/18/name.html |archive-url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/2001/06/18/name.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 18 2001 |title=நியூமராலஜி படி பெயர் மாற்றிய ஜெ.-சசி |date=June 18 2001|newspaper=[[Oneindia Tamil]] |access-date=June 18 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/sassikala-springs-tansi-plot/cid/867014 |title=Sassikala springs Tansi plot |author=R. Venkatraman|work=Telegram Online |access-date=September 25 2002 |archive-url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/sassikala-springs-tansi-plot/cid/867014 |archive-date=September 25 2002 |url-status=dead }}. May 2009.</ref>}} (born 18 August 1954), also known Sasikala Natarajan and VKS, is an Indian businesswoman and politician who serving as the first and current president of the [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]] (AMMK),a Dravidian party whose cadre revered her as their "Chinnamma" (Mother's sister) "Puratchi Thaai" (Revolutionary mother). She was a close friend of [[J. Jayalalithaa]], the late [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]], who headed the AIADMK from 1989 until her death in 2016. After Jayalalithaa's death, the party's general council elected her as the secretary general of AIADMK. She Was removed her from the post on 20 August 2017.She was selected as ammk president on 2022.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2016/dec/29/aiadmk-unanimously-elects-sasikala-as-the-party-general-secretary-1554145--1.html | title=AIADMK unanimously elects Sasikala as the party general secretary | newspaper=[[New Indian Express]] | date=29 December 2016 | accessdate=19 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/sasikala-has-accepted-aiadmk-general-secretary-post-paneerselvam-says/articleshow/56233725.cms | title=Sasikala has accepted AIADMK general secretary post, Paneerselvam says | publisher=[[The Times of India]] | work=Julie Mariappan | date=29 December 2016 | accessdate=19 December 2017}}</ref>

Sassikala was backbone for J Jayalalithaa. On 14 February 2017, a two-bench Supreme Court jury pronounced her guilty and ordered her immediate arrest in a disproportionate-assets case, effectively ending her chief ministerial ambitions. She was released in January 2021, and announced that till Tamilnadu General Election 2021 she will be calm for the good for the AIADMK party, but 2022,Sassikala was selected president of ammk.

== Early life ==
Sasikala was born in a Tamil family from [[Chennai]] who later moved to [[Mannargudi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/female-don-how-vk-sasikala-and-mannargudi-mafia-strengtherned-their-clout/story-qPqGAe7vBZ4HbUqwRIJWpL.html|title=How Sasikala and 'Mannargudi mafia' strengthened clout in Tamil Nadu power play}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The rise of Chinnamma|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20170220-sasikala-chinnamma-panneerselvam-aiadmk-jayalalithaa-985733-2017-02-11|access-date=2020-12-04|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> Her marriage to M. Natarajan was presided over by [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] leader [[Karunanidhi|M. Karunanidhi]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.catchnews.com/politics-news/importance-of-being-sasikala-will-jayalalithaa-s-confidante-be-her-heir-1481032645.html |title=Importance of being Sasikala: Will Jayalalithaa's confidante be her heir? |author=Akash Bisht |publisher=CatchNews |date=6 December 2016 }}</ref> Her husband, was a public relations officer in the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]], who worked closely with the [[District Collector]] of [[Cuddalore district|Cuddalore]], [[V. S. Chandralekha]], who in turn was very close to Tamil Nadu Chief Minister [[M. G. Ramachandran]]. This helped Sasikala in gaining the friendship of [[Jayalalithaa]] and shaped her further life.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Singh|first1=Raj|title=The complete story of Jayalalithaa and Sasikala Natarajan|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/politics/national/the-complete-story-of-jayalalithaa-and-sasikala-natarajan-12762.html?page=3|website=indiatvnews.com|publisher=India TV News|access-date=2014-07-07}}</ref>. == Career ==
=== Early career ===
In the early 1980s, through [[V. S. Chandralekha]], who was then the [[District Collector]] of [[South Arcot]], and a friend of [[Draft:M.Natarajan|M.Natarajan]], Sassikala gained acquaintance with Jayalalithaa, who was then the Propaganda Secretary of the [[AIADMK]]. Since Sassikala helped in video coverage of party meetings and distribution of policies of AIADMK through CD's, Sassikala and Jayalalithaa gradually became very close.<ref>{{cite news|title=The many homes of Sasikala Natarajan|date=12 July 1996|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1996/0712shob.htm|first=Shobha|last=Warrier|work=Rediff}}</ref> After MGR's Death Sassikala Only with Jayalalitha.After, JJ Become General Secretary Of Aiadmk And Chief Minister Of Tamil Nadu, Sassikala Become a Powercentre.Jayalalithaa indulged in public displays of wealth, culminating in a lavish wedding for her foster son VN Sudhakaran (VK Sassikala's elder sister son) in 1995. In the 1996 election,AIADMK defeated ;The new Karunanidhi government filed several corruption cases against her and JJ.In June 20, 1996,Sassikala Was arrested for some cases,she had to spend 1 year in jail.in 1997 she was realsed.In 1999,Jayalalithaa appeared in an episode of Rendezvous with Simi Garewal,She tells 'Sassikala Will My Second Mother'.In 2001,Jayalalithaa was disqualified from holding office and forced ,Sassikala Was Suggested [[O. Panneerselvam]] as Chief Minister.In 2006,Sassikala Become Aiadmk General Council Member.
=== Temporary expulsion from AIADMK ===
27 August 1996, Jayalalitha Expelled his long time- associate Sassikala And quoted,'I and Sassikala no longer have any relationship I am most indebted to my friend for giving me spiritual prosperity and love during my difficult times. But I feel that the party is more important than a few individuals as I am compelled to stay away from Sassikala and Sudhakaran completely from you if the party members change'.After 1997 July Sassikala Relesed She Said,“Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Karunanidhi and Union Finance Minister P. Chidambaram acted to seek revenge on Sassikala. He was retaliated against for the sole reason that Sassikala was close to me. Sassikala was not the cause of the 1996 election defeat. I had to break up with Sassikala, who had been with me during the ups and downs of my life, because of issues raised by my opponents within the party. ”On 19 December 2011, Jayalalithaa expelled Sassikala and 13 others including Sassikala's husband [[Draft:M.Natarajan|M. Natarajan]], [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]], their relatives, and Jayalalithaa's foster son V. N. Sudhakaran from the AIADMK.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/jaya-expels-close-aide-sasikala-husband-from-aiadmk/889588/ | title=Jaya expels close aide Sasikala, husband from AIADMK | work=IndianExpress | date=19 December 2011 | access-date=2011-12-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title='I don't know for how many days Sasikala's expulsion will last'|work=Rediff|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-i-dont-know-how-many-days-the-expulsion-will-last-chandralekha/20111222.htm|date=22 December 2011|first=Shobha|last=Warrier}}</ref> This act of Jayalalithaa was considered a way to prove that she was not under the influence of Sassikala and her family. The matter was resolved by 31 March 2012, when Sassikala was reinstated as a party member after issuing a written apology.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article371374.ece |title=Sasikala back at Poes Garden |newspaper=The New Indian Express |date=3 April 2012 |access-date=2013-11-10}}</ref>
=== General Secretary of AIADMK ===
In a meeting held on 29 December 2016 – the first meeting after Jayalalithaa's death on 5 December 2016 – the AIADMK general council selected Sassikala as the party's general secretary.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/V.K.-Sasikala-appointed-as-AIADMK-general-secretary/article16957866.ece |title= V.K. Sasikala appointed as AIADMK general secretary |newspaper=The Hindu |date=29 December 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thequint.com/india/2016/12/31/spent-33-years-looking-after-amma-sasikala-first-public-speech-aiadmk-jayalalithaa-tamil-nadu-chennai |title=Spent 33 Years Looking After Amma: Sasikala's First Public Speech |work=The Quint|date=31 December 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/vk-sasikala-asked-to-explain-her-appointment-as-general-secretary-in-aiadmk-1660722|title=VK Sasikala Asked To Explain Her Appointment As General Secretary In AIADMK|publisher=NDTV.com|access-date=2017-02-19}}</ref>
=== Chief Minister Elect of Tamil Nadu ===
On 5 February 2017, Sassikala was unanimously elected as the AIADMK Legislature Party Leader by a meeting of all the MLAs in the party.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/sasikala-set-to-become-tamil-nadu-chief-minister/article17197392.ece1?google_editors_picks=true|title=Sasikala set to become Tamil Nadu Chief Minister|last=Jesudasan|first=Dennis S.|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-02-27|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/sasikala-natarajan-appointed-legislative-party-leader-of-aiadmk-tamil-nadu-chennai-chief-minister/|title=Sasikala Natarajan appointed as Legislature Party Leader, set to become Chief Minister}}</ref>
Tamil Nadu Governor [[Ch. Vidyasagar Rao]] accepted the resignation of Chief Minister [[O. Panneerselvam]] on 6 February 2017, and instructed him to continue to function as acting Chief Minister "until alternate arrangements are made". The Governor delayed announcing VK Sassikala as the new Chief Minister, waiting for the verdict of the disproportionate assets case on her. On February 14, 2017, VK Sassikala was convicted and sentenced to 4 years sentence in [[Bengaluru]]'s Parappana Agrahara Jail and gave her 24 hours to surrender. The governor, then rejected her claims to become Chief Minister. VK Sassikala then convened the party's MLA council in her capacity as the General Secretary. There,She announced [[Edappadi K. Palanisamy]] was unanimously appointed as the new Chief Minister and he was sworn in the next day.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/tn-governor-accepts-resignation-of-cm-o-panneerselvam-and-his-council-of-ministers/article9523821.ece|title=Governor accepts CMs resignation|website=[[Business Line]]|publisher=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
=== Expulsion ===
On August 21, 2017, it was reported that the AIADMK faction loyal to Chief Minister [[Edappadi K. Palaniswami]], had decided to merge with the faction of [[O. Panneerselvam]], and expel Sassikala as the General Secretary as it was one of the key demands for the merger.<ref name="ccc">{{cite web |title=Sasikala to be expelled from AIADMK, OPS settles for deputy CM |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/sasikala-be-expelled-aiadmk-ops-settles-deputy-cm-67147 |website=The News Minute |access-date=1 December 2018 |date=21 August 2017}}</ref> It was reported on August 28 that Sassikala had been expelled during a party meeting,<ref>{{cite web |last1=NARASIMHAN |first1=T. E. |title=Ruling AIADMK expels Sasikala & Dhinakaran, plans to retrieve Jaya TV |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/ruling-aiadmk-expels-sasikala-dhinakaran-plans-to-retrieve-jaya-tv-117082800333_1.html |website=Business Standard India |date=28 August 2017}}</ref> but this was later clarified to be not true. Among the resolutions passed, the AIADMK declared that Sassikala's appointment as general secretary was disputable and as such, T. T. V. Dhinakaran's appointment as deputy general secretary, as well as his decisions were cancelled. It also decided to celebrate [[M. G. Ramachandran]]'s birth centenary in a lavish manner and keep the party united.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Madhav |first1=Pramodh |title=Sasikala still not expelled after meeting of merged AIADMK factions |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/aiadmk-edappadi-k-palaniswami-o-panneerselvam-resolutions-vk-sasikala-ttv-dinakaran-tamil-nadu-1033064-2017-08-28 |website=India Today |date=28 August 2017}}</ref>

On September 12, the AIADMK general council decided to cancel Sassikala's appointment as general secretary and expelled her from the party, though officials appointed to party posts by her were allowed to continue discharging their functions. Instead, the late J. Jayalalithaa was named the eternal general secretary of AIADMK.<ref name="sasioust">{{cite web |title=AIADMK sacks Sasikala, says Jaya is 'eternal general secretary' |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/120917/sasikala-is-expelled-announces-aiadmk-after-general-council-meet.html |website=Deccan Chronicle|date=12 September 2017}}</ref>
===Re-entering in politics===
The expulsion of Sassikala and her family led to the new parties in 2018 [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]] And Anna Dravidar Kazhagam,[[Anna Mgr Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam]]. [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran|T.T.V.Dhinakaran]] And V.K.Dhivakaran,[[T.T.V.Bhasakar]] was the general secretaries of that parties.<ref name="DMK">{{cite web |title=T.T.V. Dhinakaran launches Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/ttv-dhinakaran-announces-party-name/article23250847./amp/|website=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref>

After being released from jail, Sassikala announced her intention to return to active politics in February 2021. On March 3 however, she announced her decision to quit politics.<ref>{{cite web |title=V K Sasikala says she is quitting politics ahead of Tamil Nadu polls|url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/v-k-sasikala-says-she-is-quitting-politics-ahead-of-tamil-nadu-polls-11614787477346.html |website=Livemint |language=en}}</ref> After that, Sassikala, who was talking to her supporters on her cell phone, went to the memorial of J.Jayalalithaa on October 16, 2021 and started a week-long political tour after paying tribute.She Was Become Ammk president in 2022.
== Conviction ==
{{Main|Disproportionate assets case against Jayalalithaa}}
On 14 February 2017, the [[Supreme Court of India]] found Sassikala and her co-accused — Ilavarasi (her sister-in-law) and V. N. Sudhakaran (her nephew) — guilty of conspiring, laundering and amassing illicit wealth worth about {{INRConvert|66.44|c|year=1996}} in the 1990s in a criminal conspiracy with Jayalalithaa. The three were sentenced to a four-year jail term.<ref name="shell">{{Cite news|last1=Ushinor|first1=Majumdar|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/what-the-sc-said-about-jayalalithaa-she-was-the-source-of-funds-for-shell-compan/297959|title=What The SC Said About Jayalalithaa: She Was The Source Of Funds For Shell Companies|newspaper=[[Outlook India]]|access-date=2017-02-15}}</ref> This restored ''[[in toto]]'' her earlier conviction in the case<ref name="toto">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Jayalalithaa-Sasikala-criminally-conspired-at-Poes-Garden-to-launder-ill-gotten-wealth-SC/article17301596.ece|title=Jayalalithaa, Sasikala criminally conspired at Poes Garden to launder ill-gotten wealth: SC|last=Rajagopal|first=Krishnadas|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2017-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214124736/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Jayalalithaa-Sasikala-criminally-conspired-at-Poes-Garden-to-launder-ill-gotten-wealth-SC/article17301596.ece|archive-date=14 February 2017|location=[[New Delhi]]}}</ref> delivered on 27 September 2014,<ref name="original">{{cite news|title=Justice John D'Cunha: The no-nonsense judge who convicted Jayalalithaa|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/justice-john-dcunha-the-no-nonsense-judge-who-convicted-jayalalithaa-1732877.html|access-date=2017-02-26|work=[[Firstpost]]|date=29 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807225107/http://www.firstpost.com/india/justice-john-dcunha-the-no-nonsense-judge-who-convicted-jayalalithaa-1732877.html|archive-date=7 August 2016|location=[[Bangalore]]}}</ref> sentencing a four-year jail term to her and her relatives, in addition to imposing a fine of {{INRConvert|10|c}} each.<ref name="cunha">{{cite news|last1=Prathima|first1=Nandakumar|title=Justice D'Cunha: A no-nonsense judge who convicted Jayalalithaa, Sasikala in 2014|url=http://www.theweek.in/news/india/justice-d-cunha-jayalalithaa-sasikala-da-case.html|access-date=2017-02-26|work=[[The Week (India)|The Week]]|date=15 February 2017|archive-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215062812/http://www.theweek.in/news/india/justice-d-cunha-jayalalithaa-sasikala-da-case.html}}</ref> The judgment stipulated that she and her accomplices would serve an additional 12 months in prison if they failed to pay the fine.<ref name="judgement">{{cite web|last1=Pinaki Chandra Ghose|last2=Amitava Roy|title=Crl.A.Nos.300–303 of 2017 etc. State of Karnataka Vs. Selvi J.Jayalalitha and Ors. (Judgment in Disproportionate Assets Case) [PDF] – 14-02-2017|url=http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/FileServer/2017-02-14_1487056122.pdf|website=[[Supreme Court of India]]|access-date=2017-02-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227132148/http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/FileServer/2017-02-14_1487056122.pdf|archive-date=27 February 2017|page=70|date=14 February 2017|author1-link=Pinaki Chandra Ghose|author2-link=Amitava Roy}}</ref>

The Supreme Court refused her plea to surrender after a fortnight and to be allowed to have food from home,<ref name="down">{{cite news|title=Sasikala surrenders in Bengaluru, sent to jail|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/sasikala-surrenders-in-bengaluru-sent-to-jail/364491.html|access-date=2017-02-27|work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]|date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218204644/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/sasikala-surrenders-in-bengaluru-sent-to-jail/364491.html|archive-date=18 February 2017|location=[[Chennai]]/[[Bengaluru]]}}</ref> so Sassikala and Ilavarasi presented themselves for imprisonment on 15 February 2017.<ref name="surrender">{{cite news|title=V K Sasikala surrenders in Bengaluru court|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/sasikala-leaves-for-bengaluru-to-surrender-in-court/article9544368.ece|access-date=2017-02-27|work=[[Business Line]]|agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]|publisher=[[The Hindu]]|date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227114808/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/sasikala-leaves-for-bengaluru-to-surrender-in-court/article9544368.ece|archive-date=27 February 2017|location=[[Chennai]]}}</ref> She was released on 27 January 2021 after completion of her term, though being kept at [[Victoria Hospital (Bangalore Medical College)|Victoria Hospital]] for treatment of [[COVID-19]].<ref>{{cite news|title=V.K. Sasikala released from prison after serving 4-year term|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/vk-sasikala-aide-of-the-former-tn-cm-late-jayalalithaa-released-from-prison-after-serving-4-year-jail-term/article33673396.ece|access-date=2021-03-03|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=27 January 2021|location=[[Bangalore]]}}</ref>
==In Popular Culture==
In [[Queen (web series)|Queen Web Series]] Directed By [[Gautham Vasudev Menon|Gautham Meon]] [[Viji Chandrasekhar]] Played a Role 'Suryakala' (2019).Also In [[Thalaivii|Thalaivi]] Movie Directed By [[A. L. Vijay|AL Vijay]] [[Shamna Kasim]] Played a Role 'Sasi' (2021). First In Thalaivi Movie [[Priyamani]] And [[Sai Pallavi]] was considered for the role of Sassikala.Titled The Iron Lady, Director Priyadhaarshini,the assistant director of [[Mysskin]].[[Nithya Menen]] was signed on to play the Jayalalitha's role, while [[Aishwarya Rajesh]] and [[Varalaxmi Sarathkumar]] were in talks for a role for the character of Sassikala.Sasilalitha,Director K Jagadeswara Reddy [[Kajol]] and [[Amala Paul]] to play Jayalalithaa and Sassikala.

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sasikala, V. K.}}
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Tiruvarur district]]
[[Category:Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Indian prisoners and detainees]]
[[Category:Women in Tamil Nadu politics]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Indian politicians convicted of corruption]]
[[Category:Indian politicians disqualified from office]]
[[Category:Indian money launderers]]
[[Category:Criminals from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Businesswomen from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian politicians convicted of crimes]]

V. K. Sassikala

2022-04-12T13:21:11Z

Snthilakammarist:

{{Short description|Indian Busness woman turned politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = V. K. Sassikala
| image = [[File:VK_Sassikala_02.jpg|95px]] [[File:VK_Sassikala_01.jpg|95px]] [[File:VK_Sassikala_03.jpg|95px]]
| caption =
|office = President Of [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]] | 1blankname = General Secretary
| 1namedata = [[TTV Dhinakaran]] |term_start = 12 March 2022 | office1 = General Secretary of the [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]]
| term_start1 = 15 March 2018
| term_end1 = 19 April 2019
| deputy1 = [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]]
| predecessor1 = ''position established''
| successor1 = [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]] | office2 = General secretary of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| term_start2 = {{Start date|2016|12|29|df=yes}}
| term_end2 = 12 September 2017<ref name="sasioust" />
| predecessor2 = [[J. Jayalalithaa]]
| successor2 = ''Position abolished'' | deputy2 = [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]]

| birth_name = Vivekanandan Krishnaveni Sasikala
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1954|08|18|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Thiruthuraipoondi]], [[Thiruvarur]], [[Madras State]] (present day [[Tamil Nadu]]), India 
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| nickname ={{hlist|Puratchi Thaai|Chinnamma|Singa Thaaragai}}
| website ={{url|http://puratchithaai.com/}}
| spouse = {{Marriage|[[Draft:M.Natarajan|M. Natarajan]]|1973|2018|end=death}}
| parents = {{Unbulleted_list|Vivekanandan Saluvar|Krishnaveni}}
| relatives =
}}
'''Vivekanandan Krishnaveni Sassikala''' {{efn|In 2001 Sasikala appended an additional letter "s" to her name for [[numerological]] reasons.<ref>{{cite news |author= |url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/2001/06/18/name.html |archive-url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/2001/06/18/name.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 18 2001 |title=நியூமராலஜி படி பெயர் மாற்றிய ஜெ.-சசி |date=June 18 2001|newspaper=[[Oneindia Tamil]] |access-date=June 18 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/sassikala-springs-tansi-plot/cid/867014 |title=Sassikala springs Tansi plot |author=R. Venkatraman|work=Telegram Online |access-date=September 25 2002 |archive-url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/sassikala-springs-tansi-plot/cid/867014 |archive-date=September 25 2002 |url-status=dead }}. May 2009.</ref>}} (born 18 August 1954), also known Sasikala Natarajan and VKS, is an Indian businesswoman and politician who serving as the first and current president of the [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]] (AMMK),a Dravidian party whose cadre revered her as their "Chinnamma" (Mother's sister) "Puratchi Thaai" (Revolutionary mother). She was a close friend of [[J. Jayalalithaa]], the late [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]], who headed the AIADMK from 1989 until her death in 2016. After Jayalalithaa's death, the party's general council elected her as the secretary general of AIADMK. She Was removed her from the post on 20 August 2017.She was selected as ammk president on 2022.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2016/dec/29/aiadmk-unanimously-elects-sasikala-as-the-party-general-secretary-1554145--1.html | title=AIADMK unanimously elects Sasikala as the party general secretary | newspaper=[[New Indian Express]] | date=29 December 2016 | accessdate=19 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/sasikala-has-accepted-aiadmk-general-secretary-post-paneerselvam-says/articleshow/56233725.cms | title=Sasikala has accepted AIADMK general secretary post, Paneerselvam says | publisher=[[The Times of India]] | work=Julie Mariappan | date=29 December 2016 | accessdate=19 December 2017}}</ref>

Sassikala was backbone for J Jayalalithaa. On 14 February 2017, a two-bench Supreme Court jury pronounced her guilty and ordered her immediate arrest in a disproportionate-assets case, effectively ending her chief ministerial ambitions. She was released in January 2021, and announced that till Tamilnadu General Election 2021 she will be calm for the good for the AIADMK party, but 2022,Sassikala was selected president of ammk.

== Early life ==
Sasikala was born in a Tamil family from [[Chennai]] who later moved to [[Mannargudi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/female-don-how-vk-sasikala-and-mannargudi-mafia-strengtherned-their-clout/story-qPqGAe7vBZ4HbUqwRIJWpL.html|title=How Sasikala and 'Mannargudi mafia' strengthened clout in Tamil Nadu power play}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The rise of Chinnamma|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20170220-sasikala-chinnamma-panneerselvam-aiadmk-jayalalithaa-985733-2017-02-11|access-date=2020-12-04|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> Her marriage to M. Natarajan was presided over by [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] leader [[Karunanidhi|M. Karunanidhi]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.catchnews.com/politics-news/importance-of-being-sasikala-will-jayalalithaa-s-confidante-be-her-heir-1481032645.html |title=Importance of being Sasikala: Will Jayalalithaa's confidante be her heir? |author=Akash Bisht |publisher=CatchNews |date=6 December 2016 }}</ref> Her husband, was a public relations officer in the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]], who worked closely with the [[District Collector]] of [[Cuddalore district|Cuddalore]], [[V. S. Chandralekha]], who in turn was very close to Tamil Nadu Chief Minister [[M. G. Ramachandran]]. This helped Sasikala in gaining the friendship of [[Jayalalithaa]] and shaped her further life.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Singh|first1=Raj|title=The complete story of Jayalalithaa and Sasikala Natarajan|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/politics/national/the-complete-story-of-jayalalithaa-and-sasikala-natarajan-12762.html?page=3|website=indiatvnews.com|publisher=India TV News|access-date=2014-07-07}}</ref>. == Career ==
=== Early career ===
In the early 1980s, through [[V. S. Chandralekha]], who was then the [[District Collector]] of [[South Arcot]], and a friend of [[Draft:M.Natarajan|M.Natarajan]], Sassikala gained acquaintance with Jayalalithaa, who was then the Propaganda Secretary of the [[AIADMK]]. Since Sassikala helped in video coverage of party meetings and distribution of policies of AIADMK through CD's, Sassikala and Jayalalithaa gradually became very close.<ref>{{cite news|title=The many homes of Sasikala Natarajan|date=12 July 1996|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1996/0712shob.htm|first=Shobha|last=Warrier|work=Rediff}}</ref> After MGR's Death Sassikala Only with Jayalalitha.After, JJ Become General Secretary Of Aiadmk And Chief Minister Of Tamil Nadu, Sassikala Become a Powercentre.Jayalalithaa indulged in public displays of wealth, culminating in a lavish wedding for her foster son VN Sudhakaran (VK Sassikala's elder sister son) in 1995. In the 1996 election,AIADMK defeated ;The new Karunanidhi government filed several corruption cases against her and JJ.In June 20, 1996,Sassikala Was arrested for some cases,she had to spend 1 year in jail.in 1997 she was realsed.In 1999,Jayalalithaa appeared in an episode of Rendezvous with Simi Garewal,She tells 'Sassikala Will My Second Mother'.In 2001,Jayalalithaa was disqualified from holding office and forced ,Sassikala Was Suggested [[O. Panneerselvam]] as Chief Minister.In 2006,Sassikala Become Aiadmk General Council Member.
=== Temporary expulsion from AIADMK ===
27 August 1996, Jayalalitha Expelled his long time- associate Sassikala And quoted,'I and Sassikala no longer have any relationship I am most indebted to my friend for giving me spiritual prosperity and love during my difficult times. But I feel that the party is more important than a few individuals as I am compelled to stay away from Sassikala and Sudhakaran completely from you if the party members change'.After 1997 July Sassikala Relesed She Said,“Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Karunanidhi and Union Finance Minister P. Chidambaram acted to seek revenge on Sassikala. He was retaliated against for the sole reason that Sassikala was close to me. Sassikala was not the cause of the 1996 election defeat. I had to break up with Sassikala, who had been with me during the ups and downs of my life, because of issues raised by my opponents within the party. ”On 19 December 2011, Jayalalithaa expelled Sassikala and 13 others including Sassikala's husband [[Draft:M.Natarajan|M. Natarajan]], [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]], their relatives, and Jayalalithaa's foster son V. N. Sudhakaran from the AIADMK.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/jaya-expels-close-aide-sasikala-husband-from-aiadmk/889588/ | title=Jaya expels close aide Sasikala, husband from AIADMK | work=IndianExpress | date=19 December 2011 | access-date=2011-12-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title='I don't know for how many days Sasikala's expulsion will last'|work=Rediff|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-i-dont-know-how-many-days-the-expulsion-will-last-chandralekha/20111222.htm|date=22 December 2011|first=Shobha|last=Warrier}}</ref> This act of Jayalalithaa was considered a way to prove that she was not under the influence of Sassikala and her family. The matter was resolved by 31 March 2012, when Sassikala was reinstated as a party member after issuing a written apology.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article371374.ece |title=Sasikala back at Poes Garden |newspaper=The New Indian Express |date=3 April 2012 |access-date=2013-11-10}}</ref>
=== General Secretary of AIADMK ===
In a meeting held on 29 December 2016 – the first meeting after Jayalalithaa's death on 5 December 2016 – the AIADMK general council selected Sassikala as the party's general secretary.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/V.K.-Sasikala-appointed-as-AIADMK-general-secretary/article16957866.ece |title= V.K. Sasikala appointed as AIADMK general secretary |newspaper=The Hindu |date=29 December 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thequint.com/india/2016/12/31/spent-33-years-looking-after-amma-sasikala-first-public-speech-aiadmk-jayalalithaa-tamil-nadu-chennai |title=Spent 33 Years Looking After Amma: Sasikala's First Public Speech |work=The Quint|date=31 December 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/vk-sasikala-asked-to-explain-her-appointment-as-general-secretary-in-aiadmk-1660722|title=VK Sasikala Asked To Explain Her Appointment As General Secretary In AIADMK|publisher=NDTV.com|access-date=2017-02-19}}</ref>
=== Chief Minister Elect of Tamil Nadu ===
On 5 February 2017, Sassikala was unanimously elected as the AIADMK Legislature Party Leader by a meeting of all the MLAs in the party.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/sasikala-set-to-become-tamil-nadu-chief-minister/article17197392.ece1?google_editors_picks=true|title=Sasikala set to become Tamil Nadu Chief Minister|last=Jesudasan|first=Dennis S.|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-02-27|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/sasikala-natarajan-appointed-legislative-party-leader-of-aiadmk-tamil-nadu-chennai-chief-minister/|title=Sasikala Natarajan appointed as Legislature Party Leader, set to become Chief Minister}}</ref>
Tamil Nadu Governor [[Ch. Vidyasagar Rao]] accepted the resignation of Chief Minister [[O. Panneerselvam]] on 6 February 2017, and instructed him to continue to function as acting Chief Minister "until alternate arrangements are made". The Governor delayed announcing VK Sassikala as the new Chief Minister, waiting for the verdict of the disproportionate assets case on her. On February 14, 2017, VK Sassikala was convicted and sentenced to 4 years sentence in [[Bengaluru]]'s Parappana Agrahara Jail and gave her 24 hours to surrender. The governor, then rejected her claims to become Chief Minister. VK Sassikala then convened the party's MLA council in her capacity as the General Secretary. There,She announced [[Edappadi K. Palanisamy]] was unanimously appointed as the new Chief Minister and he was sworn in the next day.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/tn-governor-accepts-resignation-of-cm-o-panneerselvam-and-his-council-of-ministers/article9523821.ece|title=Governor accepts CMs resignation|website=[[Business Line]]|publisher=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
=== Expulsion ===
On August 21, 2017, it was reported that the AIADMK faction loyal to Chief Minister [[Edappadi K. Palaniswami]], had decided to merge with the faction of [[O. Panneerselvam]], and expel Sassikala as the General Secretary as it was one of the key demands for the merger.<ref name="ccc">{{cite web |title=Sasikala to be expelled from AIADMK, OPS settles for deputy CM |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/sasikala-be-expelled-aiadmk-ops-settles-deputy-cm-67147 |website=The News Minute |access-date=1 December 2018 |date=21 August 2017}}</ref> It was reported on August 28 that Sassikala had been expelled during a party meeting,<ref>{{cite web |last1=NARASIMHAN |first1=T. E. |title=Ruling AIADMK expels Sasikala & Dhinakaran, plans to retrieve Jaya TV |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/ruling-aiadmk-expels-sasikala-dhinakaran-plans-to-retrieve-jaya-tv-117082800333_1.html |website=Business Standard India |date=28 August 2017}}</ref> but this was later clarified to be not true. Among the resolutions passed, the AIADMK declared that Sassikala's appointment as general secretary was disputable and as such, T. T. V. Dhinakaran's appointment as deputy general secretary, as well as his decisions were cancelled. It also decided to celebrate [[M. G. Ramachandran]]'s birth centenary in a lavish manner and keep the party united.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Madhav |first1=Pramodh |title=Sasikala still not expelled after meeting of merged AIADMK factions |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/aiadmk-edappadi-k-palaniswami-o-panneerselvam-resolutions-vk-sasikala-ttv-dinakaran-tamil-nadu-1033064-2017-08-28 |website=India Today |date=28 August 2017}}</ref>

On September 12, the AIADMK general council decided to cancel Sassikala's appointment as general secretary and expelled her from the party, though officials appointed to party posts by her were allowed to continue discharging their functions. Instead, the late J. Jayalalithaa was named the eternal general secretary of AIADMK.<ref name="sasioust">{{cite web |title=AIADMK sacks Sasikala, says Jaya is 'eternal general secretary' |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/120917/sasikala-is-expelled-announces-aiadmk-after-general-council-meet.html |website=Deccan Chronicle|date=12 September 2017}}</ref>
===Re-entering in politics===
The expulsion of Sassikala and her family led to the new parties in 2018 [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]] And Anna Dravidar Kazhagam,[[Anna Mgr Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam]]. [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran|T.T.V.Dhinakaran]] And V.K.Dhivakaran,[[T.T.V.Bhasakar]] was the general secretaries of that parties.<ref name="DMK">{{cite web |title=T.T.V. Dhinakaran launches Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/ttv-dhinakaran-announces-party-name/article23250847./amp/|website=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref>

After being released from jail, Sassikala announced her intention to return to active politics in February 2021. On March 3 however, she announced her decision to quit politics.<ref>{{cite web |title=V K Sasikala says she is quitting politics ahead of Tamil Nadu polls|url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/v-k-sasikala-says-she-is-quitting-politics-ahead-of-tamil-nadu-polls-11614787477346.html |website=Livemint |language=en}}</ref> After that, Sassikala, who was talking to her supporters on her cell phone, went to the memorial of J.Jayalalithaa on October 16, 2021 and started a week-long political tour after paying tribute.She Was Become Ammk president in 2022.
== Conviction ==
{{Main|Disproportionate assets case against Jayalalithaa}}
On 14 February 2017, the [[Supreme Court of India]] found Sassikala and her co-accused — Ilavarasi (her sister-in-law) and V. N. Sudhakaran (her nephew) — guilty of conspiring, laundering and amassing illicit wealth worth about {{INRConvert|66.44|c|year=1996}} in the 1990s in a criminal conspiracy with Jayalalithaa. The three were sentenced to a four-year jail term.<ref name="shell">{{Cite news|last1=Ushinor|first1=Majumdar|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/what-the-sc-said-about-jayalalithaa-she-was-the-source-of-funds-for-shell-compan/297959|title=What The SC Said About Jayalalithaa: She Was The Source Of Funds For Shell Companies|newspaper=[[Outlook India]]|access-date=2017-02-15}}</ref> This restored ''[[in toto]]'' her earlier conviction in the case<ref name="toto">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Jayalalithaa-Sasikala-criminally-conspired-at-Poes-Garden-to-launder-ill-gotten-wealth-SC/article17301596.ece|title=Jayalalithaa, Sasikala criminally conspired at Poes Garden to launder ill-gotten wealth: SC|last=Rajagopal|first=Krishnadas|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2017-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214124736/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Jayalalithaa-Sasikala-criminally-conspired-at-Poes-Garden-to-launder-ill-gotten-wealth-SC/article17301596.ece|archive-date=14 February 2017|location=[[New Delhi]]}}</ref> delivered on 27 September 2014,<ref name="original">{{cite news|title=Justice John D'Cunha: The no-nonsense judge who convicted Jayalalithaa|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/justice-john-dcunha-the-no-nonsense-judge-who-convicted-jayalalithaa-1732877.html|access-date=2017-02-26|work=[[Firstpost]]|date=29 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807225107/http://www.firstpost.com/india/justice-john-dcunha-the-no-nonsense-judge-who-convicted-jayalalithaa-1732877.html|archive-date=7 August 2016|location=[[Bangalore]]}}</ref> sentencing a four-year jail term to her and her relatives, in addition to imposing a fine of {{INRConvert|10|c}} each.<ref name="cunha">{{cite news|last1=Prathima|first1=Nandakumar|title=Justice D'Cunha: A no-nonsense judge who convicted Jayalalithaa, Sasikala in 2014|url=http://www.theweek.in/news/india/justice-d-cunha-jayalalithaa-sasikala-da-case.html|access-date=2017-02-26|work=[[The Week (India)|The Week]]|date=15 February 2017|archive-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215062812/http://www.theweek.in/news/india/justice-d-cunha-jayalalithaa-sasikala-da-case.html}}</ref> The judgment stipulated that she and her accomplices would serve an additional 12 months in prison if they failed to pay the fine.<ref name="judgement">{{cite web|last1=Pinaki Chandra Ghose|last2=Amitava Roy|title=Crl.A.Nos.300–303 of 2017 etc. State of Karnataka Vs. Selvi J.Jayalalitha and Ors. (Judgment in Disproportionate Assets Case) [PDF] – 14-02-2017|url=http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/FileServer/2017-02-14_1487056122.pdf|website=[[Supreme Court of India]]|access-date=2017-02-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227132148/http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/FileServer/2017-02-14_1487056122.pdf|archive-date=27 February 2017|page=70|date=14 February 2017|author1-link=Pinaki Chandra Ghose|author2-link=Amitava Roy}}</ref>

The Supreme Court refused her plea to surrender after a fortnight and to be allowed to have food from home,<ref name="down">{{cite news|title=Sasikala surrenders in Bengaluru, sent to jail|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/sasikala-surrenders-in-bengaluru-sent-to-jail/364491.html|access-date=2017-02-27|work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]|date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218204644/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/sasikala-surrenders-in-bengaluru-sent-to-jail/364491.html|archive-date=18 February 2017|location=[[Chennai]]/[[Bengaluru]]}}</ref> so Sassikala and Ilavarasi presented themselves for imprisonment on 15 February 2017.<ref name="surrender">{{cite news|title=V K Sasikala surrenders in Bengaluru court|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/sasikala-leaves-for-bengaluru-to-surrender-in-court/article9544368.ece|access-date=2017-02-27|work=[[Business Line]]|agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]|publisher=[[The Hindu]]|date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227114808/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/sasikala-leaves-for-bengaluru-to-surrender-in-court/article9544368.ece|archive-date=27 February 2017|location=[[Chennai]]}}</ref> She was released on 27 January 2021 after completion of her term, though being kept at [[Victoria Hospital (Bangalore Medical College)|Victoria Hospital]] for treatment of [[COVID-19]].<ref>{{cite news|title=V.K. Sasikala released from prison after serving 4-year term|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/vk-sasikala-aide-of-the-former-tn-cm-late-jayalalithaa-released-from-prison-after-serving-4-year-jail-term/article33673396.ece|access-date=2021-03-03|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=27 January 2021|location=[[Bangalore]]}}</ref>
==In Popular Culture==
In [[Queen (web series)|Queen Web Series]] Directed By [[Gautham Vasudev Menon|Gautham Meon]] [[Viji Chandrasekhar]] Played a Role 'Suryakala' (2019).Also In [[Thalaivii|Thalaivi]] Movie Directed By [[A. L. Vijay|AL Vijay]] [[Shamna Kasim]] Played a Role 'Sasi' (2021). First In Thalaivi Movie [[Priyamani]] And [[Sai Pallavi]] was considered for the role of Sassikala.Titled The Iron Lady, Director Priyadhaarshini,the assistant director of [[Mysskin]].[[Nithya Menen]] was signed on to play the Jayalalitha's role, while [[Aishwarya Rajesh]] and [[Varalaxmi Sarathkumar]] were in talks for a role for the character of Sassikala.Sasilalitha,Director K Jagadeswara Reddy [[Kajol]] and [[Amala Paul]] to play Jayalalithaa and Sassikala.

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sasikala, V. K.}}
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Tiruvarur district]]
[[Category:Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Indian prisoners and detainees]]
[[Category:Women in Tamil Nadu politics]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Indian politicians convicted of corruption]]
[[Category:Indian politicians disqualified from office]]
[[Category:Indian money launderers]]
[[Category:Criminals from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Businesswomen from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian politicians convicted of crimes]]

Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam

2022-04-12T13:20:30Z

Snthilakammarist: /* Party Leadership */

{{short description|Indian political party}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian political party
|party_name = Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazhagam
|abbreviation = AMMK
|colorcode = #488b54
| logo = AMMK Flag.jpg
|president = [[V. K. Sassikala]]|general_secretary = [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]]
|treasurer = [[R. Manoharan]]
|founder = [[V. K. Sassikala]] and [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]]
|foundation = {{Start date and age|2018|03|15|df=y|p=y|br=y}}
|split = [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|headquarters = 15, Westcott Road, [[Royapettah]], [[Chennai]] - 600014, [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
|publication = ''Namadhu MGR'' {{small|(Daily journal)}} ''[[Jaya TV]]'' {{small|(TV channel)}}
|ideology =
|colours = {{Colorsample|Black}} [[Black]] {{Colorsample|White}} [[White]] {{Colorsample|Red}} [[Red]] 
|position =
|eci = [[List of political parties in India#Unrecognised Parties|Registered-Unrecognized]]<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Political Parties and Election Symbols main Notification Dated 18.01.2013|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/OrdersNotifications/ElecSym19012013_eng.pdf|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=9 May 2013|location=India|year=2013}}</ref>
|alliance = AMMK-DMDK alliance: (2019–present)
|national_convener = [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]]
|loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|0|543|hex=#488b54}}
|rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|0|245|hex=#488b54}}
|state_seats_name = [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
|state_seats = {{Composition bar|0|234|hex=#488b54}}
|symbol = [[File:Pressure Cooker symbol.png|120px|Pressure Cooker]]
|website = {{URL|ammkitwing.in/}}
|secretary=[[ Charubala Tondaiman| Sarubala Tondaiman]]}}
The '''Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam''' ({{trans|[[J. Jayalalithaa|Amma]] People [[Progressivism|Progressive]] Federation}}; {{small|abbr.}} '''AMMK''') is an Indian [[Regionalism (politics)|regional]] political party in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]] and union territory of [[Pondicherry]]. The party was founded by [[V. K. Sassikala]] and [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]] in [[Madurai]] on 15 March 2018 as a breakaway faction of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] [[V. K. Sassikala]] and T. T. V. Dhinakaran assigned the post of president and general secretary.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/ttv-dinakaran-live-launches-his-party-amma-makkal-munnetra-kazhagam-from-madurai-1689647.html|title=TTV Dinakaran Launches 'Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam'; AIADMK Calls Him a 'Mosquito'|work=News18|access-date=8 March 2019|date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/madurai/ttv-dhinakaran-to-announce-name-of-his-political-party/articleshow/63309388.cms|title=Amma Makkal Munetra Kazhagam- the new party of TTV Dhinakaran|date=15 March 2018|work=The Times of India|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/live-updates-ttv-dinakaran-to-announce-name-of-his-political-party-today-1824031|title=TTV Dhinakaran Launches Own Party, Names It After 'Amma': Highlights|date=24 December 2017|work=NDTV|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref> He was also elected as national convener by his party members.

The headquarters of the party is located at Westcott Road, Royapettah, [[Chennai]], Tamil Nadu.

== History ==
=== RK Nagar by-election ===
In December 2017, Dinakaran contested in RK Nagar by-election and won by a huge margin of 40,707 votes.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/rk-nagar-by-election-results-2017-live-updates-high-profile-jayalalithaa-seat-to-get-new-mla-today-dmk-aiadmk-and-rebel-leader-ttv-dhinakaran-in-fray-elections-4273155.html|title=RK Nagar bypoll result updates: TTV Dhinakaran wins by over 40,000 votes; supporters celebrate victory|date=24 December 2017|work=Firstpost|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref> He became the first independent candidate to win a bypoll in Tamil Nadu and this was the first time in 18 years that a ruling party in the state lost a by-election.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/rk-nagar-byelection-dhinakaran-wins-rk-nagar-bypoll-creates-history-in-tamil-nadu/articleshow/62231256.cms|title=Dhinakaran wins RK Nagar bypoll, creates history in Tamil Nadu |first=Pradeep|last=Kumar|date=24 December 2017|work=The Times of India|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Stalin |first1=J Sam Daniel |last2=Sanyal |first2=Anindita |title=In Huge Blow To AIADMK, TTV Dhinakaran Wins RK Nagar By-Poll: 10 Updates |url=https://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/results-out-today-for-chennais-key-rk-nagar-by-election-10-points-1791526 |access-date=5 February 2021 |work=NDTV.com |date=24 December 2017}}</ref>

=== Formation ===
Following the RK Nagar by-election, On 15 March 2018 at a Public meeting in Madurai, TTV Dinakaran launched the party flag and name as "Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/dhinakaran-launches-party-amma-makkal-munnetra-kazhagam-after-jayalalithaa/|title=Dhinakaran launches party – Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam – after Jayalalithaa|date=15 March 2018|work=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref> It was set up as a breakaway faction of the AIADMK. In February 2019, Actor [[Ranjith (actor)|Ranjith]], resigned the Tamil Nadu state vice-president post in the [[Pattali Makkal Katchi|PMK]] and joined AMMK to register his protest on the PMK's decision to join an alliance led by the AIADMK.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/puducherry/actor-ranjith-joins-ammk-quits-pmk-tn-state-vp-post/articleshow/68192194.cms|title=Actor Ranjith joins AMMK, quits PMK state VP post|date=28 February 2019|work=The Times of India|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref> On 28 March, the AMMK was awarded the gift box symbol.<ref>{{cite news |title=LS polls: Dhinakaran's AMMK gets 'gift pack' as common symbol |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/politics/ls-polls-dhinakarans-ammk-gets-gift-pack-as-common-symbol20190329094105/ |access-date=14 February 2021 |work=ANI News |date=29 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

== Party flag ==
The flag is black at the top and red at the bottom with white in the middle with the smiling image of former [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]] [[J. Jayalalithaa]] in the middle.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/national/dinakaran-launches-new-party-ammk-unveils-party-flag|title=Dhinakaran launches new party AMMK, unveils party flag with Jayalalithaa's image|last=PTI|work=National Herald|language=en|access-date=8 March 2019|date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=15 March 2018|title=TTV Dhinakaran launches new party called AMMK; hoists flag with Jayalalithaa's face|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ttv-dhinakaran-launches-new-party-called-ammk-hoists-flag-with-jayalalithaas-face/videoshow/63311940.cms|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref>

== Party Leadership ==
'''President'''
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!S.No
!Portrait
!Name {{small|(birth–death)}}
!Tenure
!Duration
|-
|1.|| [[File:VK_Sassikala_01.jpg|75px]] || [[V. K. Sassikala]] (1951-) || 15 March 2018 –[[Incumbent]] || {{age in years and days|2018|3|15|}}
|}
'''General Secretary'''
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!S.No
!Portrait
!Name {{small|(birth–death)}}
!Tenure
!Duration
|-
|1.
|[[File:VK_Sassikala_02.jpg|75px]]
|[[V. K. Sassikala]] (1951-)
|15 March 2018- 19 April 2019
|{{age in years and days|2018|3|15|2019|4|19}}
|-
|2.
|[[File:T.T.V. Dhinakaran.jpg |75px]]
|[[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]] (1963–)
|27 July 2018-[[Incumbent]]
|{{age in years and days|2018|4|19}}
|}

== Electoral performance ==
=== Indian general elections ===

{| class="wikitable"
|+Indian General Elections in Tamil Nadu
|-
! width="75" | Year
! width="200" | Election
! width="200" | Party Leaders
! width="100" | Seats Won
! width="100" | Seats Contested
! width="100" | Vote (%)
!Change of Seats
! width="100" | Result
!Popular VOTES
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|[[2019 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu|General election, 2019]]
| [[V. K. Sasikala]] and [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]]
|0
|37
|5.46
|''No Changes''
| ! style="background:#FFA07A;"| Lost
|22,25,377
|}

===Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly elections===

{| class="wikitable"
|+Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Elections
|-
! width="75" | Year
! width="200" | Election
! width="200" | Party Leader
! width="100" | Seats Won
! width="100" | Seats Contested
! width="100" | Vote (%)
!Change of Seats
! width="100" | Result
!Popular VOTES
|-
|[[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|[[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|Assembly election, 2021]]
| [[V. K. Sasikala]] and [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]]
|0
|171
|2.36
|''No Changes''
| ! style="background:#FFA07A;"| Lost
|1,088,789
|}

== References ==
<references />

{{Dravidian politics-hor}}
{{Indian political parties}}

[[Category:Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam]]
[[Category:State political parties in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:State political parties in Puducherry]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 2018]]
[[Category:Jayalalithaa]]
[[Category:2018 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]

T. T. V. Dhinakaran

2022-04-12T13:19:09Z

Snthilakammarist:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{BLP sources|date=February 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = T. T. V. Dhinakaran
| image =File:T.T.V. Dhinakaran.jpg
| caption =
| assembly = 15th Tamil Nadu
| term_start = {{Start date|2017|12|24|df=yes}}
| term_end = {{End date|2021|05|02|df=yes}}
| 1blankname = [[List of speakers of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Speaker]]
| 1namedata = [[P. Dhanapal]]
| predecessor = [[J. Jayalalithaa]]
| successor = J. J. Ebenezer
| constituency_AM = [[Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar (State Assembly Constituency)|Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar]]
| parliament1 = Indian
| term_start1 = {{Start date|2004|06|30|df=yes}}
| term_end1 = {{End date|2010|06|29|df=yes}}
| 1blankname1 = [[List of vice presidents of India|Chairperson]]
| 1namedata1 = [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] [[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]
| constituency_MP1 = [[Rajya Sabha]] from [[Tamil Nadu]]
| parliament2 = Indian
| term_start2 = {{Start date|1999|10|13|df=yes}}
| term_end2 = {{End date|2004|02|06|df=yes}}
| 1blankname2 = [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha|Speaker]]
| 1namedata2 = [[G. M. C. Balayogi]] [[Manohar Joshi]]
| predecessor2 = [[R. Muthiah]]
| successor2 = [[J. M. Aaroon Rashid]]
| constituency_MP2 = [[Lok Sabha]] from [[Periyakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Periyakulam]]
| office3 = General Secretary of the [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]]
| term_start3 = 19 April 2019
| term_end3 =
| deputy3 = {{Unbulleted_list||[[M. Rengasamy]]|[[G. Senthamizhan]]}}
| 1blankname3 = President
| 1namedata3 = [[V. K. Sassikala]]
| predecessor3 = [[V. K. Sassikala]]
| successor3 =
| office4 = Deputy General Secretary of the [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]]
| term_start4 = 15 March 2018
| term_end4 = 19 April 2019
| 1blankname4 = General Secretary
| 1namedata4 = [[V. K. Sassikala]]
| predecessor4 = ''position established''
| successor4 = {{Unbulleted_list||[[M. Rengasamy]]|[[G. Senthamizhan]]}} | office5 = Deputy General Secretary of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| term_start5 = 15 February 2017
| term_end5 = 20 September 2017
| 1blankname5 = General Secretary
| 1namedata5 = [[V. K. Sasikala]]
| predecessor5 = [[V. R. Nedunchezhiyan]] and [[R. M. Veerappan]]
| successor5 = ''position abolished''
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1963|12|13|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Thiruthuraipoondi]], [[Madras State]] (present-day [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]])
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| party = [[File:AMMK Flag.jpg|20px]][[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]] {{small|(from 15 March 2018)}}
| otherparty = [[File:AIADMK_Official_Flag.png|20px]][[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] {{small|(until 2017)}} Independent {{small|(2017-2018)}}
| spouse = {{Marriage|Anuradha|1992}}
| children = Jaya Harini (Only daughter)
| father = T. Vivekanandam
| mother = V. Vanithamani
| relatives = [[V. K. Sasikala]] (Aunt)
| residence = Jaya Harini 5, Venkateshwara Nagar 4th street, [[Adyar, Chennai|Adyar]], [[T. Nagar]], [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Businessman|Politician}}
| nickname = '''T.T.V.''' and TTVyaar }}

'''T. T. V. Dhinakaran''' (born 13 December 1963), Popularly Known as '''T.T.V.''' and TTVYaar <ref>{{cite web | url=http://164.100.47.5/newmembers/Website/Main.aspx | title=Shri LED. T. V. Dhinakaran CMRajya Sabha profile | publisher=[[Rajya Sabha]] | accessdate=25 August 2017}}</ref> is an Indian politician and General Secretary of [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam|Amma Makkal Munneetra Kazagam]]. In the past he was the Treasurer of [[AIADMK|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] Party and served as the Member of Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha. He was expelled from the AIADMK on August 2017.<ref name="ccc">{{cite web |title=Sasikala to be expelled from AIADMK, OPS settles for deputy CM |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/sasikala-be-expelled-aiadmk-ops-settles-deputy-cm-67147 |website=The News Minute |accessdate=1 December 2018 |date=21 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=NARASIMHAN |first1=T. E. |title=Ruling AIADMK expels Sasikala & Dhinakaran, plans to retrieve Jaya TV |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/ruling-aiadmk-expels-sasikala-dhinakaran-plans-to-retrieve-jaya-tv-117082800333_1.html |website=Business Standard India |date=28 August 2017}}</ref> He also served as former [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[15th Tamil Nadu Assembly]] from [[Radhakrishnan Nagar|Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar]] (2017-2021).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/rk-nagar-byelection-dhinakaran-wins-rk-nagar-bypoll-creates-history-in-tamil-nadu/articleshow/62231256.cms | title=Dhinakaran wins RK Nagar bypoll, creates history in Tamil Nadu | work=Pradeep Kumar | date=24 December 2017 | accessdate=24 December 2017}}</ref> He is the nephew of [[V. K. Sasikala]]. He won the highly anticipated RK Nagar by-election in December 2017. On 15 March 2018 Dhinakaran launched his political party named [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]].<ref name="ppp"/>

== Political career ==
Dhinakaran was a Member of Lok Sabha, representing [[Periyakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Periyakulam]] from 1999 to 2004,<ref name=report>{{cite web|title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 1999 to the 13th Lok Sabha| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf |website=[[Election Commission of India]]|format=[[PDF]]|pages=85| accessdate = 19 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=112&lastls=13 | title=Dhinakaran, Shri T. T. V. Lok Sabha Profile | publisher=[[Lok Sabha]] | accessdate=25 August 2017}}</ref> and was runner-up in the seat at [[Indian general election, 2004 (Tamil Nadu)|2004 general election]] when he was defeated by [[J. M. Aaron Rashid]]. In 2017 R.K Nagar by-election, he defeated [[AIADMK]]'s candidate [[E. Madhusudhanan]] with a huge margin of votes as an Independent candidate. He assumed office of MLA on 29 December 2017.

Dinakaran was reinducted into the AIADMK and appointed deputy general secretary on 15 February 2017, hours before [[V. K. Sasikala]] left to surrender herself in the Bengaluru court to serve the jail term in a disproportionate assets case. He was expelled from the party on August, 2017<ref name="ccc"/> and launched his own party Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam (AMMK) on 15 March 2018.<ref name="ppp">{{cite web |title=Dhinakaran launches party, names it ‘Amma Makkal Munetra Kazhagam’ after Jayalalithaa |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/dhinakaran-launches-new-party-names-it-amma-makkal-munetra-kazhagam-after-late-tamil-nadu-cm-jayalalithaa/story-mmciQ87QUNa1Vue1OIZ8pK.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=15 March 2018}}</ref>

== Lawsuit ==
On 17 April 2017, Delhi police registered a case against Dhinakaran regarding an allegation of attempting to bribe the [[Election Commission of India]] (ECI) for the AIADMK's [[election symbol]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Biswas|first1=Tanima|last2=Shukla|first2=Shuchi|title=Dinakaran Allotted 50 Crores To Buy AIADMK Symbol, Audio Proof Too: Cops|url=http://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/vk--nephew-ttv-dinakaran-accused-in-case-of-offering-bribe-for-aiadmks-election-symbol-1682216|publisher=[[NDTV]]|date=17 April 2017}}</ref> It is claimed that a middle-man named Sukesh Chandrasekhar, who was raided and arrested in Delhi and was found with 13 million, which was allegedly meant as a bribe for the ECI in exchange for the symbol. Dinakaran has been charged with conspiracy and corruption in the case.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Jha|first1=Rajshekhar|title=More trouble for TTV Dinakaran as Delhi police files bribery case against him|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/more-trouble-for-ttv-dinakaran-as-delhi-police-files-bribery-case-against-him/articleshow/58215945.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=17 April 2017}}</ref> In a recent development, the Tis Hazari Special Court granted him bail<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/aiadmk-symbol-case-delhi-court-grants-bail-to-ttv-dhinakaran/articleshow/58943119.cms|title=AIADMK symbol case: Delhi Court grants bail to TTV Dhinakaran – Times of India ►|accessdate=24 July 2018}}</ref> on the grounds that the police had failed to identify the public official allegedly bribed, accepting the argument made by his lawyer [[Aman Lekhi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/aiadmk-election-symbol-case-ttv-dhinakaran-seeks-bail-police-opposes-it-1705399|title=AIADMK Election Symbol Case: TTV Dhinakaran Seeks Bail, Police Opposes It|accessdate=24 July 2018}}</ref>

== Elections ==
===Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Elections===
T. T. V. Dhinakaran represented Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar in the Tamil Nadu Assembly from 2017 to 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/rk-nagar-byelection-dhinakaran-wins-rk-nagar-bypoll-creates-history-in-tamil-nadu/articleshow/62231256.cms|title=Dhinakaran wins RK Nagar bypoll, creates history in Tamil Nadu|website=The Times of India|accessdate=28 December 2017}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Assembly
!Party
!Constituency
!Result
!Votes gained
!Vote %
|-
|2017 [[By-election]]
|[[15th Tamil Nadu Assembly]]
|Independent
|[[Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar]]
|Winner
|89,013
|50.32%
|-
|2021
|[[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|16th Tamil Nadu Assembly]]
|[[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]]
|[[Kovilpatti (state assembly constituency)|Kovilpatti]]
|Runner-up
|56,153
|31.04%
|}

=== Lok Sabha Elections ===
Dhinakaran won in 1999 and was runner-up in 2004 [[Lok Sabha]] election.<ref>http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf</ref><ref>http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_I_LS_2004.pdf</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Election
!Party
!PC Name
!Result
!Votes gained
!Vote %
|-
|1999
|[[13th Lok Sabha]]
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] 
|[[Periyakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Periyakulam]]
|Winner
|{{formatnum:303881}}
|46.15%
|-
|2004
|[[14th Lok Sabha]]
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] 
|[[Periyakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Periyakulam]]
|Runner-up
|{{formatnum:325696}}
|46.49%
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=112&lastls=13 Official Biographical Sketch in Lok Sabha Website]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dhinakaran, T. T. V.}}
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:13th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:People from Theni district]]
[[Category:Indian political party founders]]
[[Category:Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]

Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam

2022-04-12T13:16:51Z

Snthilakammarist: /* Party Leadership */

{{short description|Indian political party}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian political party
|party_name = Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazhagam
|abbreviation = AMMK
|colorcode = #488b54
| logo = AMMK Flag.jpg
|president = [[V. K. Sassikala]]|general_secretary = [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]]
|treasurer = [[R. Manoharan]]
|founder = [[V. K. Sassikala]] and [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]]
|foundation = {{Start date and age|2018|03|15|df=y|p=y|br=y}}
|split = [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|headquarters = 15, Westcott Road, [[Royapettah]], [[Chennai]] - 600014, [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
|publication = ''Namadhu MGR'' {{small|(Daily journal)}} ''[[Jaya TV]]'' {{small|(TV channel)}}
|ideology =
|colours = {{Colorsample|Black}} [[Black]] {{Colorsample|White}} [[White]] {{Colorsample|Red}} [[Red]] 
|position =
|eci = [[List of political parties in India#Unrecognised Parties|Registered-Unrecognized]]<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Political Parties and Election Symbols main Notification Dated 18.01.2013|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/OrdersNotifications/ElecSym19012013_eng.pdf|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=9 May 2013|location=India|year=2013}}</ref>
|alliance = AMMK-DMDK alliance: (2019–present)
|national_convener = [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]]
|loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|0|543|hex=#488b54}}
|rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|0|245|hex=#488b54}}
|state_seats_name = [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
|state_seats = {{Composition bar|0|234|hex=#488b54}}
|symbol = [[File:Pressure Cooker symbol.png|120px|Pressure Cooker]]
|website = {{URL|ammkitwing.in/}}
|secretary=[[ Charubala Tondaiman| Sarubala Tondaiman]]}}
The '''Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam''' ({{trans|[[J. Jayalalithaa|Amma]] People [[Progressivism|Progressive]] Federation}}; {{small|abbr.}} '''AMMK''') is an Indian [[Regionalism (politics)|regional]] political party in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]] and union territory of [[Pondicherry]]. The party was founded by [[V. K. Sassikala]] and [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]] in [[Madurai]] on 15 March 2018 as a breakaway faction of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] [[V. K. Sassikala]] and T. T. V. Dhinakaran assigned the post of president and general secretary.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/ttv-dinakaran-live-launches-his-party-amma-makkal-munnetra-kazhagam-from-madurai-1689647.html|title=TTV Dinakaran Launches 'Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam'; AIADMK Calls Him a 'Mosquito'|work=News18|access-date=8 March 2019|date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/madurai/ttv-dhinakaran-to-announce-name-of-his-political-party/articleshow/63309388.cms|title=Amma Makkal Munetra Kazhagam- the new party of TTV Dhinakaran|date=15 March 2018|work=The Times of India|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/live-updates-ttv-dinakaran-to-announce-name-of-his-political-party-today-1824031|title=TTV Dhinakaran Launches Own Party, Names It After 'Amma': Highlights|date=24 December 2017|work=NDTV|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref> He was also elected as national convener by his party members.

The headquarters of the party is located at Westcott Road, Royapettah, [[Chennai]], Tamil Nadu.

== History ==
=== RK Nagar by-election ===
In December 2017, Dinakaran contested in RK Nagar by-election and won by a huge margin of 40,707 votes.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/rk-nagar-by-election-results-2017-live-updates-high-profile-jayalalithaa-seat-to-get-new-mla-today-dmk-aiadmk-and-rebel-leader-ttv-dhinakaran-in-fray-elections-4273155.html|title=RK Nagar bypoll result updates: TTV Dhinakaran wins by over 40,000 votes; supporters celebrate victory|date=24 December 2017|work=Firstpost|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref> He became the first independent candidate to win a bypoll in Tamil Nadu and this was the first time in 18 years that a ruling party in the state lost a by-election.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/rk-nagar-byelection-dhinakaran-wins-rk-nagar-bypoll-creates-history-in-tamil-nadu/articleshow/62231256.cms|title=Dhinakaran wins RK Nagar bypoll, creates history in Tamil Nadu |first=Pradeep|last=Kumar|date=24 December 2017|work=The Times of India|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Stalin |first1=J Sam Daniel |last2=Sanyal |first2=Anindita |title=In Huge Blow To AIADMK, TTV Dhinakaran Wins RK Nagar By-Poll: 10 Updates |url=https://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/results-out-today-for-chennais-key-rk-nagar-by-election-10-points-1791526 |access-date=5 February 2021 |work=NDTV.com |date=24 December 2017}}</ref>

=== Formation ===
Following the RK Nagar by-election, On 15 March 2018 at a Public meeting in Madurai, TTV Dinakaran launched the party flag and name as "Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/dhinakaran-launches-party-amma-makkal-munnetra-kazhagam-after-jayalalithaa/|title=Dhinakaran launches party – Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam – after Jayalalithaa|date=15 March 2018|work=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref> It was set up as a breakaway faction of the AIADMK. In February 2019, Actor [[Ranjith (actor)|Ranjith]], resigned the Tamil Nadu state vice-president post in the [[Pattali Makkal Katchi|PMK]] and joined AMMK to register his protest on the PMK's decision to join an alliance led by the AIADMK.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/puducherry/actor-ranjith-joins-ammk-quits-pmk-tn-state-vp-post/articleshow/68192194.cms|title=Actor Ranjith joins AMMK, quits PMK state VP post|date=28 February 2019|work=The Times of India|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref> On 28 March, the AMMK was awarded the gift box symbol.<ref>{{cite news |title=LS polls: Dhinakaran's AMMK gets 'gift pack' as common symbol |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/politics/ls-polls-dhinakarans-ammk-gets-gift-pack-as-common-symbol20190329094105/ |access-date=14 February 2021 |work=ANI News |date=29 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

== Party flag ==
The flag is black at the top and red at the bottom with white in the middle with the smiling image of former [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]] [[J. Jayalalithaa]] in the middle.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/national/dinakaran-launches-new-party-ammk-unveils-party-flag|title=Dhinakaran launches new party AMMK, unveils party flag with Jayalalithaa's image|last=PTI|work=National Herald|language=en|access-date=8 March 2019|date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=15 March 2018|title=TTV Dhinakaran launches new party called AMMK; hoists flag with Jayalalithaa's face|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ttv-dhinakaran-launches-new-party-called-ammk-hoists-flag-with-jayalalithaas-face/videoshow/63311940.cms|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref>

== Party Leadership ==
'''President'''
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!S.No
!Portrait
!Name {{small|(birth–death)}}
!Tenure
!Duration
|-
|1.|| [[File:VK_Sassikala_01.jpg|75px]] || [[V. K. Sassikala]] (1951-) || 15 March 2018 –[[Incumbent]] || {{age in years and days|2018|3|15|}}
|}
'''General Secretary'''
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!S.No
!Portrait
!Name {{small|(birth–death)}}
!Tenure
!Duration
|-
|1.
|[[File:VK_Sassikala_02.jpg|75px]]
|[[V. K. Sassikala]] (1951-)
|15 March 2018- 28 July 2019
|{{age in years and days|2018|3|15|2019|7|28}}
|-
|2.
|[[File:T.T.V. Dhinakaran.jpg |75px]]
|[[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]] (1963–)
|27 July 2018-[[Incumbent]]
|{{age in years and days|2018|7|27}}
|}
== Electoral performance ==
=== Indian general elections ===

{| class="wikitable"
|+Indian General Elections in Tamil Nadu
|-
! width="75" | Year
! width="200" | Election
! width="200" | Party Leaders
! width="100" | Seats Won
! width="100" | Seats Contested
! width="100" | Vote (%)
!Change of Seats
! width="100" | Result
!Popular VOTES
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|[[2019 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu|General election, 2019]]
| [[V. K. Sasikala]] and [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]]
|0
|37
|5.46
|''No Changes''
| ! style="background:#FFA07A;"| Lost
|22,25,377
|}

===Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly elections===

{| class="wikitable"
|+Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Elections
|-
! width="75" | Year
! width="200" | Election
! width="200" | Party Leader
! width="100" | Seats Won
! width="100" | Seats Contested
! width="100" | Vote (%)
!Change of Seats
! width="100" | Result
!Popular VOTES
|-
|[[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|[[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|Assembly election, 2021]]
| [[V. K. Sasikala]] and [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]]
|0
|171
|2.36
|''No Changes''
| ! style="background:#FFA07A;"| Lost
|1,088,789
|}

== References ==
<references />

{{Dravidian politics-hor}}
{{Indian political parties}}

[[Category:Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam]]
[[Category:State political parties in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:State political parties in Puducherry]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 2018]]
[[Category:Jayalalithaa]]
[[Category:2018 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]

T. T. V. Dhinakaran

2022-04-12T13:06:20Z

Snthilakammarist:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{BLP sources|date=February 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = T. T. V. Dhinakaran
| image =File:T.T.V. Dhinakaran.jpg
| caption =
| assembly = 15th Tamil Nadu
| term_start = {{Start date|2017|12|24|df=yes}}
| term_end = {{End date|2021|05|02|df=yes}}
| 1blankname = [[List of speakers of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Speaker]]
| 1namedata = [[P. Dhanapal]]
| predecessor = [[J. Jayalalithaa]]
| successor = J. J. Ebenezer
| constituency_AM = [[Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar (State Assembly Constituency)|Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar]]
| parliament1 = Indian
| term_start1 = {{Start date|2004|06|30|df=yes}}
| term_end1 = {{End date|2010|06|29|df=yes}}
| 1blankname1 = [[List of vice presidents of India|Chairperson]]
| 1namedata1 = [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] [[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]
| constituency_MP1 = [[Rajya Sabha]] from [[Tamil Nadu]]
| parliament2 = Indian
| term_start2 = {{Start date|1999|10|13|df=yes}}
| term_end2 = {{End date|2004|02|06|df=yes}}
| 1blankname2 = [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha|Speaker]]
| 1namedata2 = [[G. M. C. Balayogi]] [[Manohar Joshi]]
| predecessor2 = [[R. Muthiah]]
| successor2 = [[J. M. Aaroon Rashid]]
| constituency_MP2 = [[Lok Sabha]] from [[Periyakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Periyakulam]]
| office3 = General Secretary of the [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]]
| term_start3 = 25 July 2019
| term_end3 =
| deputy3 = {{Unbulleted_list||[[M. Rengasamy]]|[[G. Senthamizhan]]}}
| 1blankname3 = President
| 1namedata3 = [[V. K. Sassikala]]
| predecessor3 = [[V. K. Sassikala]]
| successor3 =
| office4 = Deputy General Secretary of the [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]]
| term_start4 = 15 March 2018
| term_end4 = 25 July 2019
| 1blankname4 = General Secretary
| 1namedata4 = [[V. K. Sassikala]]
| predecessor4 = ''position established''
| successor4 = {{Unbulleted_list||[[M. Rengasamy]]|[[G. Senthamizhan]]}} | office5 = Deputy General Secretary of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| term_start5 = 15 February 2017
| term_end5 = 20 September 2017
| 1blankname5 = General Secretary
| 1namedata5 = [[V. K. Sasikala]]
| predecessor5 = [[V. R. Nedunchezhiyan]] and [[R. M. Veerappan]]
| successor5 = ''position abolished''
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1963|12|13|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Thiruthuraipoondi]], [[Madras State]] (present-day [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]])
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| party = [[File:AMMK Flag.jpg|20px]][[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]] {{small|(from 15 March 2018)}}
| otherparty = [[File:AIADMK_Official_Flag.png|20px]][[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] {{small|(until 2017)}} Independent {{small|(2017-2018)}}
| spouse = {{Marriage|Anuradha|1992}}
| children = Jaya Harini (Only daughter)
| father = T. Vivekanandam
| mother = V. Vanithamani
| relatives = [[V. K. Sasikala]] (Aunt)
| residence = Jaya Harini 5, Venkateshwara Nagar 4th street, [[Adyar, Chennai|Adyar]], [[T. Nagar]], [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Businessman|Politician}}
| nickname = '''T.T.V.''' and TTVyaar }}

'''T. T. V. Dhinakaran''' (born 13 December 1963), Popularly Known as '''T.T.V.''' and TTVYaar <ref>{{cite web | url=http://164.100.47.5/newmembers/Website/Main.aspx | title=Shri LED. T. V. Dhinakaran CMRajya Sabha profile | publisher=[[Rajya Sabha]] | accessdate=25 August 2017}}</ref> is an Indian politician and General Secretary of [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam|Amma Makkal Munneetra Kazagam]]. In the past he was the Treasurer of [[AIADMK|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] Party and served as the Member of Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha. He was expelled from the AIADMK on August 2017.<ref name="ccc">{{cite web |title=Sasikala to be expelled from AIADMK, OPS settles for deputy CM |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/sasikala-be-expelled-aiadmk-ops-settles-deputy-cm-67147 |website=The News Minute |accessdate=1 December 2018 |date=21 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=NARASIMHAN |first1=T. E. |title=Ruling AIADMK expels Sasikala & Dhinakaran, plans to retrieve Jaya TV |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/ruling-aiadmk-expels-sasikala-dhinakaran-plans-to-retrieve-jaya-tv-117082800333_1.html |website=Business Standard India |date=28 August 2017}}</ref> He also served as former [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[15th Tamil Nadu Assembly]] from [[Radhakrishnan Nagar|Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar]] (2017-2021).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/rk-nagar-byelection-dhinakaran-wins-rk-nagar-bypoll-creates-history-in-tamil-nadu/articleshow/62231256.cms | title=Dhinakaran wins RK Nagar bypoll, creates history in Tamil Nadu | work=Pradeep Kumar | date=24 December 2017 | accessdate=24 December 2017}}</ref> He is the nephew of [[V. K. Sasikala]]. He won the highly anticipated RK Nagar by-election in December 2017. On 15 March 2018 Dhinakaran launched his political party named [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]].<ref name="ppp"/>

== Political career ==
Dhinakaran was a Member of Lok Sabha, representing [[Periyakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Periyakulam]] from 1999 to 2004,<ref name=report>{{cite web|title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 1999 to the 13th Lok Sabha| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf |website=[[Election Commission of India]]|format=[[PDF]]|pages=85| accessdate = 19 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=112&lastls=13 | title=Dhinakaran, Shri T. T. V. Lok Sabha Profile | publisher=[[Lok Sabha]] | accessdate=25 August 2017}}</ref> and was runner-up in the seat at [[Indian general election, 2004 (Tamil Nadu)|2004 general election]] when he was defeated by [[J. M. Aaron Rashid]]. In 2017 R.K Nagar by-election, he defeated [[AIADMK]]'s candidate [[E. Madhusudhanan]] with a huge margin of votes as an Independent candidate. He assumed office of MLA on 29 December 2017.

Dinakaran was reinducted into the AIADMK and appointed deputy general secretary on 15 February 2017, hours before [[V. K. Sasikala]] left to surrender herself in the Bengaluru court to serve the jail term in a disproportionate assets case. He was expelled from the party on August, 2017<ref name="ccc"/> and launched his own party Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam (AMMK) on 15 March 2018.<ref name="ppp">{{cite web |title=Dhinakaran launches party, names it ‘Amma Makkal Munetra Kazhagam’ after Jayalalithaa |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/dhinakaran-launches-new-party-names-it-amma-makkal-munetra-kazhagam-after-late-tamil-nadu-cm-jayalalithaa/story-mmciQ87QUNa1Vue1OIZ8pK.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=15 March 2018}}</ref>

== Lawsuit ==
On 17 April 2017, Delhi police registered a case against Dhinakaran regarding an allegation of attempting to bribe the [[Election Commission of India]] (ECI) for the AIADMK's [[election symbol]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Biswas|first1=Tanima|last2=Shukla|first2=Shuchi|title=Dinakaran Allotted 50 Crores To Buy AIADMK Symbol, Audio Proof Too: Cops|url=http://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/vk--nephew-ttv-dinakaran-accused-in-case-of-offering-bribe-for-aiadmks-election-symbol-1682216|publisher=[[NDTV]]|date=17 April 2017}}</ref> It is claimed that a middle-man named Sukesh Chandrasekhar, who was raided and arrested in Delhi and was found with 13 million, which was allegedly meant as a bribe for the ECI in exchange for the symbol. Dinakaran has been charged with conspiracy and corruption in the case.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Jha|first1=Rajshekhar|title=More trouble for TTV Dinakaran as Delhi police files bribery case against him|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/more-trouble-for-ttv-dinakaran-as-delhi-police-files-bribery-case-against-him/articleshow/58215945.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=17 April 2017}}</ref> In a recent development, the Tis Hazari Special Court granted him bail<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/aiadmk-symbol-case-delhi-court-grants-bail-to-ttv-dhinakaran/articleshow/58943119.cms|title=AIADMK symbol case: Delhi Court grants bail to TTV Dhinakaran – Times of India ►|accessdate=24 July 2018}}</ref> on the grounds that the police had failed to identify the public official allegedly bribed, accepting the argument made by his lawyer [[Aman Lekhi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/aiadmk-election-symbol-case-ttv-dhinakaran-seeks-bail-police-opposes-it-1705399|title=AIADMK Election Symbol Case: TTV Dhinakaran Seeks Bail, Police Opposes It|accessdate=24 July 2018}}</ref>

== Elections ==
===Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Elections===
T. T. V. Dhinakaran represented Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar in the Tamil Nadu Assembly from 2017 to 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/rk-nagar-byelection-dhinakaran-wins-rk-nagar-bypoll-creates-history-in-tamil-nadu/articleshow/62231256.cms|title=Dhinakaran wins RK Nagar bypoll, creates history in Tamil Nadu|website=The Times of India|accessdate=28 December 2017}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Assembly
!Party
!Constituency
!Result
!Votes gained
!Vote %
|-
|2017 [[By-election]]
|[[15th Tamil Nadu Assembly]]
|Independent
|[[Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar]]
|Winner
|89,013
|50.32%
|-
|2021
|[[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|16th Tamil Nadu Assembly]]
|[[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]]
|[[Kovilpatti (state assembly constituency)|Kovilpatti]]
|Runner-up
|56,153
|31.04%
|}

=== Lok Sabha Elections ===
Dhinakaran won in 1999 and was runner-up in 2004 [[Lok Sabha]] election.<ref>http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf</ref><ref>http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_I_LS_2004.pdf</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Election
!Party
!PC Name
!Result
!Votes gained
!Vote %
|-
|1999
|[[13th Lok Sabha]]
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] 
|[[Periyakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Periyakulam]]
|Winner
|{{formatnum:303881}}
|46.15%
|-
|2004
|[[14th Lok Sabha]]
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] 
|[[Periyakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Periyakulam]]
|Runner-up
|{{formatnum:325696}}
|46.49%
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=112&lastls=13 Official Biographical Sketch in Lok Sabha Website]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dhinakaran, T. T. V.}}
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:13th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:People from Theni district]]
[[Category:Indian political party founders]]
[[Category:Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]

T. T. V. Dhinakaran

2022-04-12T13:04:47Z

Snthilakammarist:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{BLP sources|date=February 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = T. T. V. Dhinakaran
| image =File:T.T.V. Dhinakaran.jpg
| caption =
| assembly = 15th Tamil Nadu
| term_start = {{Start date|2017|12|24|df=yes}}
| term_end = {{End date|2021|05|02|df=yes}}
| 1blankname = [[List of speakers of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Speaker]]
| 1namedata = [[P. Dhanapal]]
| predecessor = [[J. Jayalalithaa]]
| successor = J. J. Ebenezer
| constituency_AM = [[Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar (State Assembly Constituency)|Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar]]
| parliament1 = Indian
| term_start1 = {{Start date|2004|06|30|df=yes}}
| term_end1 = {{End date|2010|06|29|df=yes}}
| 1blankname1 = [[List of vice presidents of India|Chairperson]]
| 1namedata1 = [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] [[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]
| constituency_MP1 = [[Rajya Sabha]] from [[Tamil Nadu]]
| parliament2 = Indian
| term_start2 = {{Start date|1999|10|13|df=yes}}
| term_end2 = {{End date|2004|02|06|df=yes}}
| 1blankname2 = [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha|Speaker]]
| 1namedata2 = [[G. M. C. Balayogi]] [[Manohar Joshi]]
| predecessor2 = [[R. Muthiah]]
| successor2 = [[J. M. Aaroon Rashid]]
| constituency_MP2 = [[Lok Sabha]] from [[Periyakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Periyakulam]]
| office3 = General Secretary of the [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]]
| term_start3 = 25 July 2019
| term_end3 =
| deputy3 = {{Unbulleted_list||[[M. Rengasamy]]|[[G. Senthamizhan]]}}
| 1blankname3 = President
| 1namedata3 = [[V. K. Sassikala]]
| predecessor3 = [[V. K. Sassikala]]
| successor3 =
| office4 = Deputy General Secretary of the [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]]
| term_start4 = 15 March 2018
| term_end4 = 25 July 2019
| 1blankname4 = General Secretary
| 1namedata4 = [[V. K. Sassikala]]
| predecessor4 = ''position established''
| successor4 = {{Unbulleted_list||[[M. Rengasamy]]|[[G. Senthamizhan]]}} | office5 = Deputy General Secretary of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| term_start5 = 15 February 2017
| term_end5 = 20 September 2017
| 1blankname5 = General Secretary
| 1namedata5 = [[V. K. Sasikala]]
| predecessor5 = [[V. R. Nedunchezhiyan]] and [[R. M. Veerappan]]
| successor5 = ''position abolished''
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1963|12|13|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Thiruthuraipoondi]], [[Madras State]] (present-day [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]])
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| party = [[File:AMMK Flag.jpg|20px]][[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]] {{small|(from 15 March 2018)}}
| otherparty = [[File:AIADMK_Official_Flag.png|20px]][[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] {{small|(until 2017)}} Independent {{small|(2017-2018)}}
| spouse = {{Marriage|Anuradha|1992}}
| children = Jaya Harini (Only daughter)
| father = T. Vivekanandam
| mother = V. Vanithamani
| relatives = [[V. K. Sasikala]] (Aunt)
| residence = Jaya Harini 5, Venkateshwara Nagar 4th street, [[Adyar, Chennai|Adyar]], [[T. Nagar]], [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Businessman|Politician}}
| nickname = '''T.T.V.''' and TTVyaar }}

'''T. T. V. Dhinakaran''' (born 13 December 1963), Popularly Known as '''T.T.V.''' and TTVYaar <ref>{{cite web | url=http://164.100.47.5/newmembers/Website/Main.aspx | title=Shri LED. T. V. Dhinakaran CMRajya Sabha profile | publisher=[[Rajya Sabha]] | accessdate=25 August 2017}}</ref> is an Indian politician and founding General Secretary of [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam|Amma Makkal Munneetra Kazagam]]. In the past he was the Treasurer of [[AIADMK|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] Party and served as the Member of Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha. He was expelled from the AIADMK on August 2017.<ref name="ccc">{{cite web |title=Sasikala to be expelled from AIADMK, OPS settles for deputy CM |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/sasikala-be-expelled-aiadmk-ops-settles-deputy-cm-67147 |website=The News Minute |accessdate=1 December 2018 |date=21 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=NARASIMHAN |first1=T. E. |title=Ruling AIADMK expels Sasikala & Dhinakaran, plans to retrieve Jaya TV |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/ruling-aiadmk-expels-sasikala-dhinakaran-plans-to-retrieve-jaya-tv-117082800333_1.html |website=Business Standard India |date=28 August 2017}}</ref> He also served as former [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[15th Tamil Nadu Assembly]] from [[Radhakrishnan Nagar|Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar]] (2017-2021).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/rk-nagar-byelection-dhinakaran-wins-rk-nagar-bypoll-creates-history-in-tamil-nadu/articleshow/62231256.cms | title=Dhinakaran wins RK Nagar bypoll, creates history in Tamil Nadu | work=Pradeep Kumar | date=24 December 2017 | accessdate=24 December 2017}}</ref> He is the nephew of [[V. K. Sasikala]]. He won the highly anticipated RK Nagar by-election in December 2017. On 15 March 2018 Dhinakaran launched his political party named [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]].<ref name="ppp"/>

== Political career ==
Dhinakaran was a Member of Lok Sabha, representing [[Periyakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Periyakulam]] from 1999 to 2004,<ref name=report>{{cite web|title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 1999 to the 13th Lok Sabha| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf |website=[[Election Commission of India]]|format=[[PDF]]|pages=85| accessdate = 19 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=112&lastls=13 | title=Dhinakaran, Shri T. T. V. Lok Sabha Profile | publisher=[[Lok Sabha]] | accessdate=25 August 2017}}</ref> and was runner-up in the seat at [[Indian general election, 2004 (Tamil Nadu)|2004 general election]] when he was defeated by [[J. M. Aaron Rashid]]. In 2017 R.K Nagar by-election, he defeated [[AIADMK]]'s candidate [[E. Madhusudhanan]] with a huge margin of votes as an Independent candidate. He assumed office of MLA on 29 December 2017.

Dinakaran was reinducted into the AIADMK and appointed deputy general secretary on 15 February 2017, hours before [[V. K. Sasikala]] left to surrender herself in the Bengaluru court to serve the jail term in a disproportionate assets case. He was expelled from the party on August, 2017<ref name="ccc"/> and launched his own party Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam (AMMK) on 15 March 2018.<ref name="ppp">{{cite web |title=Dhinakaran launches party, names it ‘Amma Makkal Munetra Kazhagam’ after Jayalalithaa |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/dhinakaran-launches-new-party-names-it-amma-makkal-munetra-kazhagam-after-late-tamil-nadu-cm-jayalalithaa/story-mmciQ87QUNa1Vue1OIZ8pK.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=15 March 2018}}</ref>

== Lawsuit ==
On 17 April 2017, Delhi police registered a case against Dhinakaran regarding an allegation of attempting to bribe the [[Election Commission of India]] (ECI) for the AIADMK's [[election symbol]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Biswas|first1=Tanima|last2=Shukla|first2=Shuchi|title=Dinakaran Allotted 50 Crores To Buy AIADMK Symbol, Audio Proof Too: Cops|url=http://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/vk--nephew-ttv-dinakaran-accused-in-case-of-offering-bribe-for-aiadmks-election-symbol-1682216|publisher=[[NDTV]]|date=17 April 2017}}</ref> It is claimed that a middle-man named Sukesh Chandrasekhar, who was raided and arrested in Delhi and was found with 13 million, which was allegedly meant as a bribe for the ECI in exchange for the symbol. Dinakaran has been charged with conspiracy and corruption in the case.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Jha|first1=Rajshekhar|title=More trouble for TTV Dinakaran as Delhi police files bribery case against him|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/more-trouble-for-ttv-dinakaran-as-delhi-police-files-bribery-case-against-him/articleshow/58215945.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=17 April 2017}}</ref> In a recent development, the Tis Hazari Special Court granted him bail<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/aiadmk-symbol-case-delhi-court-grants-bail-to-ttv-dhinakaran/articleshow/58943119.cms|title=AIADMK symbol case: Delhi Court grants bail to TTV Dhinakaran – Times of India ►|accessdate=24 July 2018}}</ref> on the grounds that the police had failed to identify the public official allegedly bribed, accepting the argument made by his lawyer [[Aman Lekhi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/aiadmk-election-symbol-case-ttv-dhinakaran-seeks-bail-police-opposes-it-1705399|title=AIADMK Election Symbol Case: TTV Dhinakaran Seeks Bail, Police Opposes It|accessdate=24 July 2018}}</ref>

== Elections ==
===Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Elections===
T. T. V. Dhinakaran represented Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar in the Tamil Nadu Assembly from 2017 to 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/rk-nagar-byelection-dhinakaran-wins-rk-nagar-bypoll-creates-history-in-tamil-nadu/articleshow/62231256.cms|title=Dhinakaran wins RK Nagar bypoll, creates history in Tamil Nadu|website=The Times of India|accessdate=28 December 2017}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Assembly
!Party
!Constituency
!Result
!Votes gained
!Vote %
|-
|2017 [[By-election]]
|[[15th Tamil Nadu Assembly]]
|Independent
|[[Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar]]
|Winner
|89,013
|50.32%
|-
|2021
|[[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|16th Tamil Nadu Assembly]]
|[[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]]
|[[Kovilpatti (state assembly constituency)|Kovilpatti]]
|Runner-up
|56,153
|31.04%
|}

=== Lok Sabha Elections ===
Dhinakaran won in 1999 and was runner-up in 2004 [[Lok Sabha]] election.<ref>http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf</ref><ref>http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_I_LS_2004.pdf</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Election
!Party
!PC Name
!Result
!Votes gained
!Vote %
|-
|1999
|[[13th Lok Sabha]]
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] 
|[[Periyakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Periyakulam]]
|Winner
|{{formatnum:303881}}
|46.15%
|-
|2004
|[[14th Lok Sabha]]
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] 
|[[Periyakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Periyakulam]]
|Runner-up
|{{formatnum:325696}}
|46.49%
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=112&lastls=13 Official Biographical Sketch in Lok Sabha Website]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dhinakaran, T. T. V.}}
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:13th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:People from Theni district]]
[[Category:Indian political party founders]]
[[Category:Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]

V. K. Sassikala

2022-04-12T13:00:09Z

Snthilakammarist:

{{Short description|Indian Busness woman turned politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = V. K. Sassikala
| image = [[File:VK_Sassikala_02.jpg|95px]] [[File:VK_Sassikala_01.jpg|95px]] [[File:VK_Sassikala_03.jpg|95px]]
| caption =
|office = President Of [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]] | 1blankname = General Secretary
| 1namedata = [[TTV Dhinakaran]] |term_start = 12 March 2022 | office1 = General Secretary of the [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]]
| term_start1 = 15 March 2018
| term_end1 = 25 July 2019
| deputy1 = [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]]
| predecessor1 = ''position established''
| successor1 = [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]] | office2 = General secretary of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| term_start2 = {{Start date|2016|12|29|df=yes}}
| term_end2 = 12 September 2017<ref name="sasioust" />
| predecessor2 = [[J. Jayalalithaa]]
| successor2 = ''Position abolished'' | deputy2 = [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]]

| birth_name = Vivekanandan Krishnaveni Sasikala
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1954|08|18|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Thiruthuraipoondi]], [[Thiruvarur]], [[Madras State]] (present day [[Tamil Nadu]]), India 
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| nickname ={{hlist|Puratchi Thaai|Chinnamma|Singa Thaaragai}}
| website ={{url|http://puratchithaai.com/}}
| spouse = {{Marriage|[[Draft:M.Natarajan|M. Natarajan]]|1973|2018|end=death}}
| parents = {{Unbulleted_list|Vivekanandan Saluvar|Krishnaveni}}
| relatives =
}}
'''Vivekanandan Krishnaveni Sassikala''' {{efn|In 2001 Sasikala appended an additional letter "s" to her name for [[numerological]] reasons.<ref>{{cite news |author= |url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/2001/06/18/name.html |archive-url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/2001/06/18/name.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 18 2001 |title=நியூமராலஜி படி பெயர் மாற்றிய ஜெ.-சசி |date=June 18 2001|newspaper=[[Oneindia Tamil]] |access-date=June 18 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/sassikala-springs-tansi-plot/cid/867014 |title=Sassikala springs Tansi plot |author=R. Venkatraman|work=Telegram Online |access-date=September 25 2002 |archive-url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/sassikala-springs-tansi-plot/cid/867014 |archive-date=September 25 2002 |url-status=dead }}. May 2009.</ref>}} (born 18 August 1954), also known Sasikala Natarajan and VKS, is an Indian businesswoman and politician who serving as the first and current president of the [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]] (AMMK),a Dravidian party whose cadre revered her as their "Chinnamma" (Mother's sister) "Puratchi Thaai" (Revolutionary mother). She was a close friend of [[J. Jayalalithaa]], the late [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]], who headed the AIADMK from 1989 until her death in 2016. After Jayalalithaa's death, the party's general council elected her as the secretary general of AIADMK. She Was removed her from the post on 20 August 2017.She was selected as ammk president on 2022.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2016/dec/29/aiadmk-unanimously-elects-sasikala-as-the-party-general-secretary-1554145--1.html | title=AIADMK unanimously elects Sasikala as the party general secretary | newspaper=[[New Indian Express]] | date=29 December 2016 | accessdate=19 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/sasikala-has-accepted-aiadmk-general-secretary-post-paneerselvam-says/articleshow/56233725.cms | title=Sasikala has accepted AIADMK general secretary post, Paneerselvam says | publisher=[[The Times of India]] | work=Julie Mariappan | date=29 December 2016 | accessdate=19 December 2017}}</ref>

Sassikala was backbone for J Jayalalithaa. On 14 February 2017, a two-bench Supreme Court jury pronounced her guilty and ordered her immediate arrest in a disproportionate-assets case, effectively ending her chief ministerial ambitions. She was released in January 2021, and announced that till Tamilnadu General Election 2021 she will be calm for the good for the AIADMK party, but 2022,Sassikala was selected president of ammk.

== Early life ==
Sasikala was born in a Tamil family from [[Chennai]] who later moved to [[Mannargudi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/female-don-how-vk-sasikala-and-mannargudi-mafia-strengtherned-their-clout/story-qPqGAe7vBZ4HbUqwRIJWpL.html|title=How Sasikala and 'Mannargudi mafia' strengthened clout in Tamil Nadu power play}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The rise of Chinnamma|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20170220-sasikala-chinnamma-panneerselvam-aiadmk-jayalalithaa-985733-2017-02-11|access-date=2020-12-04|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> Her marriage to M. Natarajan was presided over by [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] leader [[Karunanidhi|M. Karunanidhi]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.catchnews.com/politics-news/importance-of-being-sasikala-will-jayalalithaa-s-confidante-be-her-heir-1481032645.html |title=Importance of being Sasikala: Will Jayalalithaa's confidante be her heir? |author=Akash Bisht |publisher=CatchNews |date=6 December 2016 }}</ref> Her husband, was a public relations officer in the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]], who worked closely with the [[District Collector]] of [[Cuddalore district|Cuddalore]], [[V. S. Chandralekha]], who in turn was very close to Tamil Nadu Chief Minister [[M. G. Ramachandran]]. This helped Sasikala in gaining the friendship of [[Jayalalithaa]] and shaped her further life.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Singh|first1=Raj|title=The complete story of Jayalalithaa and Sasikala Natarajan|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/politics/national/the-complete-story-of-jayalalithaa-and-sasikala-natarajan-12762.html?page=3|website=indiatvnews.com|publisher=India TV News|access-date=2014-07-07}}</ref>. == Career ==
=== Early career ===
In the early 1980s, through [[V. S. Chandralekha]], who was then the [[District Collector]] of [[South Arcot]], and a friend of [[Draft:M.Natarajan|M.Natarajan]], Sassikala gained acquaintance with Jayalalithaa, who was then the Propaganda Secretary of the [[AIADMK]]. Since Sassikala helped in video coverage of party meetings and distribution of policies of AIADMK through CD's, Sassikala and Jayalalithaa gradually became very close.<ref>{{cite news|title=The many homes of Sasikala Natarajan|date=12 July 1996|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1996/0712shob.htm|first=Shobha|last=Warrier|work=Rediff}}</ref> After MGR's Death Sassikala Only with Jayalalitha.After, JJ Become General Secretary Of Aiadmk And Chief Minister Of Tamil Nadu, Sassikala Become a Powercentre.Jayalalithaa indulged in public displays of wealth, culminating in a lavish wedding for her foster son VN Sudhakaran (VK Sassikala's elder sister son) in 1995. In the 1996 election,AIADMK defeated ;The new Karunanidhi government filed several corruption cases against her and JJ.In June 20, 1996,Sassikala Was arrested for some cases,she had to spend 1 year in jail.in 1997 she was realsed.In 1999,Jayalalithaa appeared in an episode of Rendezvous with Simi Garewal,She tells 'Sassikala Will My Second Mother'.In 2001,Jayalalithaa was disqualified from holding office and forced ,Sassikala Was Suggested [[O. Panneerselvam]] as Chief Minister.In 2006,Sassikala Become Aiadmk General Council Member.
=== Temporary expulsion from AIADMK ===
27 August 1996, Jayalalitha Expelled his long time- associate Sassikala And quoted,'I and Sassikala no longer have any relationship I am most indebted to my friend for giving me spiritual prosperity and love during my difficult times. But I feel that the party is more important than a few individuals as I am compelled to stay away from Sassikala and Sudhakaran completely from you if the party members change'.After 1997 July Sassikala Relesed She Said,“Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Karunanidhi and Union Finance Minister P. Chidambaram acted to seek revenge on Sassikala. He was retaliated against for the sole reason that Sassikala was close to me. Sassikala was not the cause of the 1996 election defeat. I had to break up with Sassikala, who had been with me during the ups and downs of my life, because of issues raised by my opponents within the party. ”On 19 December 2011, Jayalalithaa expelled Sassikala and 13 others including Sassikala's husband [[Draft:M.Natarajan|M. Natarajan]], [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]], their relatives, and Jayalalithaa's foster son V. N. Sudhakaran from the AIADMK.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/jaya-expels-close-aide-sasikala-husband-from-aiadmk/889588/ | title=Jaya expels close aide Sasikala, husband from AIADMK | work=IndianExpress | date=19 December 2011 | access-date=2011-12-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title='I don't know for how many days Sasikala's expulsion will last'|work=Rediff|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-i-dont-know-how-many-days-the-expulsion-will-last-chandralekha/20111222.htm|date=22 December 2011|first=Shobha|last=Warrier}}</ref> This act of Jayalalithaa was considered a way to prove that she was not under the influence of Sassikala and her family. The matter was resolved by 31 March 2012, when Sassikala was reinstated as a party member after issuing a written apology.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article371374.ece |title=Sasikala back at Poes Garden |newspaper=The New Indian Express |date=3 April 2012 |access-date=2013-11-10}}</ref>
=== General Secretary of AIADMK ===
In a meeting held on 29 December 2016 – the first meeting after Jayalalithaa's death on 5 December 2016 – the AIADMK general council selected Sassikala as the party's general secretary.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/V.K.-Sasikala-appointed-as-AIADMK-general-secretary/article16957866.ece |title= V.K. Sasikala appointed as AIADMK general secretary |newspaper=The Hindu |date=29 December 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thequint.com/india/2016/12/31/spent-33-years-looking-after-amma-sasikala-first-public-speech-aiadmk-jayalalithaa-tamil-nadu-chennai |title=Spent 33 Years Looking After Amma: Sasikala's First Public Speech |work=The Quint|date=31 December 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/vk-sasikala-asked-to-explain-her-appointment-as-general-secretary-in-aiadmk-1660722|title=VK Sasikala Asked To Explain Her Appointment As General Secretary In AIADMK|publisher=NDTV.com|access-date=2017-02-19}}</ref>
=== Chief Minister Elect of Tamil Nadu ===
On 5 February 2017, Sassikala was unanimously elected as the AIADMK Legislature Party Leader by a meeting of all the MLAs in the party.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/sasikala-set-to-become-tamil-nadu-chief-minister/article17197392.ece1?google_editors_picks=true|title=Sasikala set to become Tamil Nadu Chief Minister|last=Jesudasan|first=Dennis S.|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-02-27|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/sasikala-natarajan-appointed-legislative-party-leader-of-aiadmk-tamil-nadu-chennai-chief-minister/|title=Sasikala Natarajan appointed as Legislature Party Leader, set to become Chief Minister}}</ref>
Tamil Nadu Governor [[Ch. Vidyasagar Rao]] accepted the resignation of Chief Minister [[O. Panneerselvam]] on 6 February 2017, and instructed him to continue to function as acting Chief Minister "until alternate arrangements are made". The Governor delayed announcing VK Sassikala as the new Chief Minister, waiting for the verdict of the disproportionate assets case on her. On February 14, 2017, VK Sassikala was convicted and sentenced to 4 years sentence in [[Bengaluru]]'s Parappana Agrahara Jail and gave her 24 hours to surrender. The governor, then rejected her claims to become Chief Minister. VK Sassikala then convened the party's MLA council in her capacity as the General Secretary. There,She announced [[Edappadi K. Palanisamy]] was unanimously appointed as the new Chief Minister and he was sworn in the next day.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/tn-governor-accepts-resignation-of-cm-o-panneerselvam-and-his-council-of-ministers/article9523821.ece|title=Governor accepts CMs resignation|website=[[Business Line]]|publisher=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
=== Expulsion ===
On August 21, 2017, it was reported that the AIADMK faction loyal to Chief Minister [[Edappadi K. Palaniswami]], had decided to merge with the faction of [[O. Panneerselvam]], and expel Sassikala as the General Secretary as it was one of the key demands for the merger.<ref name="ccc">{{cite web |title=Sasikala to be expelled from AIADMK, OPS settles for deputy CM |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/sasikala-be-expelled-aiadmk-ops-settles-deputy-cm-67147 |website=The News Minute |access-date=1 December 2018 |date=21 August 2017}}</ref> It was reported on August 28 that Sassikala had been expelled during a party meeting,<ref>{{cite web |last1=NARASIMHAN |first1=T. E. |title=Ruling AIADMK expels Sasikala & Dhinakaran, plans to retrieve Jaya TV |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/ruling-aiadmk-expels-sasikala-dhinakaran-plans-to-retrieve-jaya-tv-117082800333_1.html |website=Business Standard India |date=28 August 2017}}</ref> but this was later clarified to be not true. Among the resolutions passed, the AIADMK declared that Sassikala's appointment as general secretary was disputable and as such, T. T. V. Dhinakaran's appointment as deputy general secretary, as well as his decisions were cancelled. It also decided to celebrate [[M. G. Ramachandran]]'s birth centenary in a lavish manner and keep the party united.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Madhav |first1=Pramodh |title=Sasikala still not expelled after meeting of merged AIADMK factions |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/aiadmk-edappadi-k-palaniswami-o-panneerselvam-resolutions-vk-sasikala-ttv-dinakaran-tamil-nadu-1033064-2017-08-28 |website=India Today |date=28 August 2017}}</ref>

On September 12, the AIADMK general council decided to cancel Sassikala's appointment as general secretary and expelled her from the party, though officials appointed to party posts by her were allowed to continue discharging their functions. Instead, the late J. Jayalalithaa was named the eternal general secretary of AIADMK.<ref name="sasioust">{{cite web |title=AIADMK sacks Sasikala, says Jaya is 'eternal general secretary' |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/120917/sasikala-is-expelled-announces-aiadmk-after-general-council-meet.html |website=Deccan Chronicle|date=12 September 2017}}</ref>
===Re-entering in politics===
The expulsion of Sassikala and her family led to the new parties in 2018 [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]] And Anna Dravidar Kazhagam,[[Anna Mgr Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam]]. [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran|T.T.V.Dhinakaran]] And V.K.Dhivakaran,[[T.T.V.Bhasakar]] was the general secretaries of that parties.<ref name="DMK">{{cite web |title=T.T.V. Dhinakaran launches Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/ttv-dhinakaran-announces-party-name/article23250847./amp/|website=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref>

After being released from jail, Sassikala announced her intention to return to active politics in February 2021. On March 3 however, she announced her decision to quit politics.<ref>{{cite web |title=V K Sasikala says she is quitting politics ahead of Tamil Nadu polls|url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/v-k-sasikala-says-she-is-quitting-politics-ahead-of-tamil-nadu-polls-11614787477346.html |website=Livemint |language=en}}</ref> After that, Sassikala, who was talking to her supporters on her cell phone, went to the memorial of J.Jayalalithaa on October 16, 2021 and started a week-long political tour after paying tribute.She Was Become Ammk president in 2022.
== Conviction ==
{{Main|Disproportionate assets case against Jayalalithaa}}
On 14 February 2017, the [[Supreme Court of India]] found Sassikala and her co-accused — Ilavarasi (her sister-in-law) and V. N. Sudhakaran (her nephew) — guilty of conspiring, laundering and amassing illicit wealth worth about {{INRConvert|66.44|c|year=1996}} in the 1990s in a criminal conspiracy with Jayalalithaa. The three were sentenced to a four-year jail term.<ref name="shell">{{Cite news|last1=Ushinor|first1=Majumdar|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/what-the-sc-said-about-jayalalithaa-she-was-the-source-of-funds-for-shell-compan/297959|title=What The SC Said About Jayalalithaa: She Was The Source Of Funds For Shell Companies|newspaper=[[Outlook India]]|access-date=2017-02-15}}</ref> This restored ''[[in toto]]'' her earlier conviction in the case<ref name="toto">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Jayalalithaa-Sasikala-criminally-conspired-at-Poes-Garden-to-launder-ill-gotten-wealth-SC/article17301596.ece|title=Jayalalithaa, Sasikala criminally conspired at Poes Garden to launder ill-gotten wealth: SC|last=Rajagopal|first=Krishnadas|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2017-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214124736/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Jayalalithaa-Sasikala-criminally-conspired-at-Poes-Garden-to-launder-ill-gotten-wealth-SC/article17301596.ece|archive-date=14 February 2017|location=[[New Delhi]]}}</ref> delivered on 27 September 2014,<ref name="original">{{cite news|title=Justice John D'Cunha: The no-nonsense judge who convicted Jayalalithaa|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/justice-john-dcunha-the-no-nonsense-judge-who-convicted-jayalalithaa-1732877.html|access-date=2017-02-26|work=[[Firstpost]]|date=29 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807225107/http://www.firstpost.com/india/justice-john-dcunha-the-no-nonsense-judge-who-convicted-jayalalithaa-1732877.html|archive-date=7 August 2016|location=[[Bangalore]]}}</ref> sentencing a four-year jail term to her and her relatives, in addition to imposing a fine of {{INRConvert|10|c}} each.<ref name="cunha">{{cite news|last1=Prathima|first1=Nandakumar|title=Justice D'Cunha: A no-nonsense judge who convicted Jayalalithaa, Sasikala in 2014|url=http://www.theweek.in/news/india/justice-d-cunha-jayalalithaa-sasikala-da-case.html|access-date=2017-02-26|work=[[The Week (India)|The Week]]|date=15 February 2017|archive-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215062812/http://www.theweek.in/news/india/justice-d-cunha-jayalalithaa-sasikala-da-case.html}}</ref> The judgment stipulated that she and her accomplices would serve an additional 12 months in prison if they failed to pay the fine.<ref name="judgement">{{cite web|last1=Pinaki Chandra Ghose|last2=Amitava Roy|title=Crl.A.Nos.300–303 of 2017 etc. State of Karnataka Vs. Selvi J.Jayalalitha and Ors. (Judgment in Disproportionate Assets Case) [PDF] – 14-02-2017|url=http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/FileServer/2017-02-14_1487056122.pdf|website=[[Supreme Court of India]]|access-date=2017-02-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227132148/http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/FileServer/2017-02-14_1487056122.pdf|archive-date=27 February 2017|page=70|date=14 February 2017|author1-link=Pinaki Chandra Ghose|author2-link=Amitava Roy}}</ref>

The Supreme Court refused her plea to surrender after a fortnight and to be allowed to have food from home,<ref name="down">{{cite news|title=Sasikala surrenders in Bengaluru, sent to jail|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/sasikala-surrenders-in-bengaluru-sent-to-jail/364491.html|access-date=2017-02-27|work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]|date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218204644/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/sasikala-surrenders-in-bengaluru-sent-to-jail/364491.html|archive-date=18 February 2017|location=[[Chennai]]/[[Bengaluru]]}}</ref> so Sassikala and Ilavarasi presented themselves for imprisonment on 15 February 2017.<ref name="surrender">{{cite news|title=V K Sasikala surrenders in Bengaluru court|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/sasikala-leaves-for-bengaluru-to-surrender-in-court/article9544368.ece|access-date=2017-02-27|work=[[Business Line]]|agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]|publisher=[[The Hindu]]|date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227114808/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/sasikala-leaves-for-bengaluru-to-surrender-in-court/article9544368.ece|archive-date=27 February 2017|location=[[Chennai]]}}</ref> She was released on 27 January 2021 after completion of her term, though being kept at [[Victoria Hospital (Bangalore Medical College)|Victoria Hospital]] for treatment of [[COVID-19]].<ref>{{cite news|title=V.K. Sasikala released from prison after serving 4-year term|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/vk-sasikala-aide-of-the-former-tn-cm-late-jayalalithaa-released-from-prison-after-serving-4-year-jail-term/article33673396.ece|access-date=2021-03-03|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=27 January 2021|location=[[Bangalore]]}}</ref>
==In Popular Culture==
In [[Queen (web series)|Queen Web Series]] Directed By [[Gautham Vasudev Menon|Gautham Meon]] [[Viji Chandrasekhar]] Played a Role 'Suryakala' (2019).Also In [[Thalaivii|Thalaivi]] Movie Directed By [[A. L. Vijay|AL Vijay]] [[Shamna Kasim]] Played a Role 'Sasi' (2021). First In Thalaivi Movie [[Priyamani]] And [[Sai Pallavi]] was considered for the role of Sassikala.Titled The Iron Lady, Director Priyadhaarshini,the assistant director of [[Mysskin]].[[Nithya Menen]] was signed on to play the Jayalalitha's role, while [[Aishwarya Rajesh]] and [[Varalaxmi Sarathkumar]] were in talks for a role for the character of Sassikala.Sasilalitha,Director K Jagadeswara Reddy [[Kajol]] and [[Amala Paul]] to play Jayalalithaa and Sassikala.

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sasikala, V. K.}}
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Tiruvarur district]]
[[Category:Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Indian prisoners and detainees]]
[[Category:Women in Tamil Nadu politics]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Indian politicians convicted of corruption]]
[[Category:Indian politicians disqualified from office]]
[[Category:Indian money launderers]]
[[Category:Criminals from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Businesswomen from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian politicians convicted of crimes]]

V. K. Sassikala

2022-04-12T12:45:05Z

Snthilakammarist:

{{Short description|Indian Busness woman turned politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = V. K. Sassikala
| image = [[File:VK_Sassikala_02.jpg|95px]] [[File:VK_Sassikala_01.jpg|95px]] [[File:VK_Sassikala_03.jpg|95px]]
| caption =
|office = President Of [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]] |term_start = 12 March 2022 | office1 = General secretary of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| term_start1 = {{Start date|2016|12|29|df=yes}}
| term_end1 = 12 September 2017<ref name="sasioust" />
| predecessor1 = [[J. Jayalalithaa]]
| successor1 = ''Position abolished''

| birth_name = Vivekanandan Krishnaveni Sasikala
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1954|08|18|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Thiruthuraipoondi]], [[Thiruvarur]], [[Madras State]] (present day [[Tamil Nadu]]), India 
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| nickname ={{hlist|Puratchi Thaai|Chinnamma|Singa Thaaragai}}
| website ={{url|http://puratchithaai.com/}}
| spouse = {{Marriage|[[Draft:M.Natarajan|M. Natarajan]]|1973|2018|end=death}}
| parents = {{Unbulleted_list|Vivekanandan Saluvar|Krishnaveni}}
| relatives =
}}
'''Vivekanandan Krishnaveni Sassikala''' {{efn|In 2001 Sasikala appended an additional letter "s" to her name for [[numerological]] reasons.<ref>{{cite news |author= |url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/2001/06/18/name.html |archive-url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/2001/06/18/name.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 18 2001 |title=நியூமராலஜி படி பெயர் மாற்றிய ஜெ.-சசி |date=June 18 2001|newspaper=[[Oneindia Tamil]] |access-date=June 18 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/sassikala-springs-tansi-plot/cid/867014 |title=Sassikala springs Tansi plot |author=R. Venkatraman|work=Telegram Online |access-date=September 25 2002 |archive-url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/sassikala-springs-tansi-plot/cid/867014 |archive-date=September 25 2002 |url-status=dead }}. May 2009.</ref>}} (born 18 August 1954), also known Sasikala Natarajan and VKS, is an Indian businesswoman and politician who serving as the first and current president of the [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]] (AMMK),a Dravidian party whose cadre revered her as their "Chinnamma" (Mother's sister) "Puratchi Thaai" (Revolutionary mother). She was a close friend of [[J. Jayalalithaa]], the late [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]], who headed the AIADMK from 1989 until her death in 2016. After Jayalalithaa's death, the party's general council elected her as the secretary general of AIADMK. She Was removed her from the post on 20 August 2017.She was selected as ammk president on 2022.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2016/dec/29/aiadmk-unanimously-elects-sasikala-as-the-party-general-secretary-1554145--1.html | title=AIADMK unanimously elects Sasikala as the party general secretary | newspaper=[[New Indian Express]] | date=29 December 2016 | accessdate=19 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/sasikala-has-accepted-aiadmk-general-secretary-post-paneerselvam-says/articleshow/56233725.cms | title=Sasikala has accepted AIADMK general secretary post, Paneerselvam says | publisher=[[The Times of India]] | work=Julie Mariappan | date=29 December 2016 | accessdate=19 December 2017}}</ref>

Sassikala was backbone for J Jayalalithaa. On 14 February 2017, a two-bench Supreme Court jury pronounced her guilty and ordered her immediate arrest in a disproportionate-assets case, effectively ending her chief ministerial ambitions. She was released in January 2021, and announced that till Tamilnadu General Election 2021 she will be calm for the good for the AIADMK party, but 2022,Sassikala was selected president of ammk.

== Early life ==
Sasikala was born in a Tamil family from [[Chennai]] who later moved to [[Mannargudi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/female-don-how-vk-sasikala-and-mannargudi-mafia-strengtherned-their-clout/story-qPqGAe7vBZ4HbUqwRIJWpL.html|title=How Sasikala and 'Mannargudi mafia' strengthened clout in Tamil Nadu power play}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The rise of Chinnamma|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20170220-sasikala-chinnamma-panneerselvam-aiadmk-jayalalithaa-985733-2017-02-11|access-date=2020-12-04|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> Her marriage to M. Natarajan was presided over by [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] leader [[Karunanidhi|M. Karunanidhi]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.catchnews.com/politics-news/importance-of-being-sasikala-will-jayalalithaa-s-confidante-be-her-heir-1481032645.html |title=Importance of being Sasikala: Will Jayalalithaa's confidante be her heir? |author=Akash Bisht |publisher=CatchNews |date=6 December 2016 }}</ref> Her husband, was a public relations officer in the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]], who worked closely with the [[District Collector]] of [[Cuddalore district|Cuddalore]], [[V. S. Chandralekha]], who in turn was very close to Tamil Nadu Chief Minister [[M. G. Ramachandran]]. This helped Sasikala in gaining the friendship of [[Jayalalithaa]] and shaped her further life.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Singh|first1=Raj|title=The complete story of Jayalalithaa and Sasikala Natarajan|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/politics/national/the-complete-story-of-jayalalithaa-and-sasikala-natarajan-12762.html?page=3|website=indiatvnews.com|publisher=India TV News|access-date=2014-07-07}}</ref>. == Career ==
=== Early career ===
In the early 1980s, through [[V. S. Chandralekha]], who was then the [[District Collector]] of [[South Arcot]], and a friend of [[Draft:M.Natarajan|M.Natarajan]], Sassikala gained acquaintance with Jayalalithaa, who was then the Propaganda Secretary of the [[AIADMK]]. Since Sassikala helped in video coverage of party meetings and distribution of policies of AIADMK through CD's, Sassikala and Jayalalithaa gradually became very close.<ref>{{cite news|title=The many homes of Sasikala Natarajan|date=12 July 1996|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1996/0712shob.htm|first=Shobha|last=Warrier|work=Rediff}}</ref> After MGR's Death Sassikala Only with Jayalalitha.After, JJ Become General Secretary Of Aiadmk And Chief Minister Of Tamil Nadu, Sassikala Become a Powercentre.Jayalalithaa indulged in public displays of wealth, culminating in a lavish wedding for her foster son VN Sudhakaran (VK Sassikala's elder sister son) in 1995. In the 1996 election,AIADMK defeated ;The new Karunanidhi government filed several corruption cases against her and JJ.In June 20, 1996,Sassikala Was arrested for some cases,she had to spend 1 year in jail.in 1997 she was realsed.In 1999,Jayalalithaa appeared in an episode of Rendezvous with Simi Garewal,She tells 'Sassikala Will My Second Mother'.In 2001,Jayalalithaa was disqualified from holding office and forced ,Sassikala Was Suggested [[O. Panneerselvam]] as Chief Minister.In 2006,Sassikala Become Aiadmk General Council Member.
=== Temporary expulsion from AIADMK ===
27 August 1996, Jayalalitha Expelled his long time- associate Sassikala And quoted,'I and Sassikala no longer have any relationship I am most indebted to my friend for giving me spiritual prosperity and love during my difficult times. But I feel that the party is more important than a few individuals as I am compelled to stay away from Sassikala and Sudhakaran completely from you if the party members change'.After 1997 July Sassikala Relesed She Said,“Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Karunanidhi and Union Finance Minister P. Chidambaram acted to seek revenge on Sassikala. He was retaliated against for the sole reason that Sassikala was close to me. Sassikala was not the cause of the 1996 election defeat. I had to break up with Sassikala, who had been with me during the ups and downs of my life, because of issues raised by my opponents within the party. ”On 19 December 2011, Jayalalithaa expelled Sassikala and 13 others including Sassikala's husband [[Draft:M.Natarajan|M. Natarajan]], [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]], their relatives, and Jayalalithaa's foster son V. N. Sudhakaran from the AIADMK.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/jaya-expels-close-aide-sasikala-husband-from-aiadmk/889588/ | title=Jaya expels close aide Sasikala, husband from AIADMK | work=IndianExpress | date=19 December 2011 | access-date=2011-12-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title='I don't know for how many days Sasikala's expulsion will last'|work=Rediff|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-i-dont-know-how-many-days-the-expulsion-will-last-chandralekha/20111222.htm|date=22 December 2011|first=Shobha|last=Warrier}}</ref> This act of Jayalalithaa was considered a way to prove that she was not under the influence of Sassikala and her family. The matter was resolved by 31 March 2012, when Sassikala was reinstated as a party member after issuing a written apology.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article371374.ece |title=Sasikala back at Poes Garden |newspaper=The New Indian Express |date=3 April 2012 |access-date=2013-11-10}}</ref>
=== General Secretary of AIADMK ===
In a meeting held on 29 December 2016 – the first meeting after Jayalalithaa's death on 5 December 2016 – the AIADMK general council selected Sassikala as the party's general secretary.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/V.K.-Sasikala-appointed-as-AIADMK-general-secretary/article16957866.ece |title= V.K. Sasikala appointed as AIADMK general secretary |newspaper=The Hindu |date=29 December 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thequint.com/india/2016/12/31/spent-33-years-looking-after-amma-sasikala-first-public-speech-aiadmk-jayalalithaa-tamil-nadu-chennai |title=Spent 33 Years Looking After Amma: Sasikala's First Public Speech |work=The Quint|date=31 December 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/vk-sasikala-asked-to-explain-her-appointment-as-general-secretary-in-aiadmk-1660722|title=VK Sasikala Asked To Explain Her Appointment As General Secretary In AIADMK|publisher=NDTV.com|access-date=2017-02-19}}</ref>
=== Chief Minister Elect of Tamil Nadu ===
On 5 February 2017, Sassikala was unanimously elected as the AIADMK Legislature Party Leader by a meeting of all the MLAs in the party.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/sasikala-set-to-become-tamil-nadu-chief-minister/article17197392.ece1?google_editors_picks=true|title=Sasikala set to become Tamil Nadu Chief Minister|last=Jesudasan|first=Dennis S.|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-02-27|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/sasikala-natarajan-appointed-legislative-party-leader-of-aiadmk-tamil-nadu-chennai-chief-minister/|title=Sasikala Natarajan appointed as Legislature Party Leader, set to become Chief Minister}}</ref>
Tamil Nadu Governor [[Ch. Vidyasagar Rao]] accepted the resignation of Chief Minister [[O. Panneerselvam]] on 6 February 2017, and instructed him to continue to function as acting Chief Minister "until alternate arrangements are made". The Governor delayed announcing VK Sassikala as the new Chief Minister, waiting for the verdict of the disproportionate assets case on her. On February 14, 2017, VK Sassikala was convicted and sentenced to 4 years sentence in [[Bengaluru]]'s Parappana Agrahara Jail and gave her 24 hours to surrender. The governor, then rejected her claims to become Chief Minister. VK Sassikala then convened the party's MLA council in her capacity as the General Secretary. There,She announced [[Edappadi K. Palanisamy]] was unanimously appointed as the new Chief Minister and he was sworn in the next day.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/tn-governor-accepts-resignation-of-cm-o-panneerselvam-and-his-council-of-ministers/article9523821.ece|title=Governor accepts CMs resignation|website=[[Business Line]]|publisher=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
=== Expulsion ===
On August 21, 2017, it was reported that the AIADMK faction loyal to Chief Minister [[Edappadi K. Palaniswami]], had decided to merge with the faction of [[O. Panneerselvam]], and expel Sassikala as the General Secretary as it was one of the key demands for the merger.<ref name="ccc">{{cite web |title=Sasikala to be expelled from AIADMK, OPS settles for deputy CM |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/sasikala-be-expelled-aiadmk-ops-settles-deputy-cm-67147 |website=The News Minute |access-date=1 December 2018 |date=21 August 2017}}</ref> It was reported on August 28 that Sassikala had been expelled during a party meeting,<ref>{{cite web |last1=NARASIMHAN |first1=T. E. |title=Ruling AIADMK expels Sasikala & Dhinakaran, plans to retrieve Jaya TV |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/ruling-aiadmk-expels-sasikala-dhinakaran-plans-to-retrieve-jaya-tv-117082800333_1.html |website=Business Standard India |date=28 August 2017}}</ref> but this was later clarified to be not true. Among the resolutions passed, the AIADMK declared that Sassikala's appointment as general secretary was disputable and as such, T. T. V. Dhinakaran's appointment as deputy general secretary, as well as his decisions were cancelled. It also decided to celebrate [[M. G. Ramachandran]]'s birth centenary in a lavish manner and keep the party united.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Madhav |first1=Pramodh |title=Sasikala still not expelled after meeting of merged AIADMK factions |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/aiadmk-edappadi-k-palaniswami-o-panneerselvam-resolutions-vk-sasikala-ttv-dinakaran-tamil-nadu-1033064-2017-08-28 |website=India Today |date=28 August 2017}}</ref>

On September 12, the AIADMK general council decided to cancel Sassikala's appointment as general secretary and expelled her from the party, though officials appointed to party posts by her were allowed to continue discharging their functions. Instead, the late J. Jayalalithaa was named the eternal general secretary of AIADMK.<ref name="sasioust">{{cite web |title=AIADMK sacks Sasikala, says Jaya is 'eternal general secretary' |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/120917/sasikala-is-expelled-announces-aiadmk-after-general-council-meet.html |website=Deccan Chronicle|date=12 September 2017}}</ref>
===Re-entering in politics===
The expulsion of Sassikala and her family led to the new parties in 2018 [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]] And Anna Dravidar Kazhagam,[[Anna Mgr Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam]]. [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran|T.T.V.Dhinakaran]] And V.K.Dhivakaran,[[T.T.V.Bhasakar]] was the general secretaries of that parties.<ref name="DMK">{{cite web |title=T.T.V. Dhinakaran launches Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/ttv-dhinakaran-announces-party-name/article23250847./amp/|website=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref>

After being released from jail, Sassikala announced her intention to return to active politics in February 2021. On March 3 however, she announced her decision to quit politics.<ref>{{cite web |title=V K Sasikala says she is quitting politics ahead of Tamil Nadu polls|url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/v-k-sasikala-says-she-is-quitting-politics-ahead-of-tamil-nadu-polls-11614787477346.html |website=Livemint |language=en}}</ref> After that, Sassikala, who was talking to her supporters on her cell phone, went to the memorial of J.Jayalalithaa on October 16, 2021 and started a week-long political tour after paying tribute.She Was Become Ammk president in 2022.
== Conviction ==
{{Main|Disproportionate assets case against Jayalalithaa}}
On 14 February 2017, the [[Supreme Court of India]] found Sassikala and her co-accused — Ilavarasi (her sister-in-law) and V. N. Sudhakaran (her nephew) — guilty of conspiring, laundering and amassing illicit wealth worth about {{INRConvert|66.44|c|year=1996}} in the 1990s in a criminal conspiracy with Jayalalithaa. The three were sentenced to a four-year jail term.<ref name="shell">{{Cite news|last1=Ushinor|first1=Majumdar|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/what-the-sc-said-about-jayalalithaa-she-was-the-source-of-funds-for-shell-compan/297959|title=What The SC Said About Jayalalithaa: She Was The Source Of Funds For Shell Companies|newspaper=[[Outlook India]]|access-date=2017-02-15}}</ref> This restored ''[[in toto]]'' her earlier conviction in the case<ref name="toto">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Jayalalithaa-Sasikala-criminally-conspired-at-Poes-Garden-to-launder-ill-gotten-wealth-SC/article17301596.ece|title=Jayalalithaa, Sasikala criminally conspired at Poes Garden to launder ill-gotten wealth: SC|last=Rajagopal|first=Krishnadas|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2017-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214124736/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Jayalalithaa-Sasikala-criminally-conspired-at-Poes-Garden-to-launder-ill-gotten-wealth-SC/article17301596.ece|archive-date=14 February 2017|location=[[New Delhi]]}}</ref> delivered on 27 September 2014,<ref name="original">{{cite news|title=Justice John D'Cunha: The no-nonsense judge who convicted Jayalalithaa|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/justice-john-dcunha-the-no-nonsense-judge-who-convicted-jayalalithaa-1732877.html|access-date=2017-02-26|work=[[Firstpost]]|date=29 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807225107/http://www.firstpost.com/india/justice-john-dcunha-the-no-nonsense-judge-who-convicted-jayalalithaa-1732877.html|archive-date=7 August 2016|location=[[Bangalore]]}}</ref> sentencing a four-year jail term to her and her relatives, in addition to imposing a fine of {{INRConvert|10|c}} each.<ref name="cunha">{{cite news|last1=Prathima|first1=Nandakumar|title=Justice D'Cunha: A no-nonsense judge who convicted Jayalalithaa, Sasikala in 2014|url=http://www.theweek.in/news/india/justice-d-cunha-jayalalithaa-sasikala-da-case.html|access-date=2017-02-26|work=[[The Week (India)|The Week]]|date=15 February 2017|archive-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215062812/http://www.theweek.in/news/india/justice-d-cunha-jayalalithaa-sasikala-da-case.html}}</ref> The judgment stipulated that she and her accomplices would serve an additional 12 months in prison if they failed to pay the fine.<ref name="judgement">{{cite web|last1=Pinaki Chandra Ghose|last2=Amitava Roy|title=Crl.A.Nos.300–303 of 2017 etc. State of Karnataka Vs. Selvi J.Jayalalitha and Ors. (Judgment in Disproportionate Assets Case) [PDF] – 14-02-2017|url=http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/FileServer/2017-02-14_1487056122.pdf|website=[[Supreme Court of India]]|access-date=2017-02-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227132148/http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/FileServer/2017-02-14_1487056122.pdf|archive-date=27 February 2017|page=70|date=14 February 2017|author1-link=Pinaki Chandra Ghose|author2-link=Amitava Roy}}</ref>

The Supreme Court refused her plea to surrender after a fortnight and to be allowed to have food from home,<ref name="down">{{cite news|title=Sasikala surrenders in Bengaluru, sent to jail|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/sasikala-surrenders-in-bengaluru-sent-to-jail/364491.html|access-date=2017-02-27|work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]|date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218204644/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/sasikala-surrenders-in-bengaluru-sent-to-jail/364491.html|archive-date=18 February 2017|location=[[Chennai]]/[[Bengaluru]]}}</ref> so Sassikala and Ilavarasi presented themselves for imprisonment on 15 February 2017.<ref name="surrender">{{cite news|title=V K Sasikala surrenders in Bengaluru court|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/sasikala-leaves-for-bengaluru-to-surrender-in-court/article9544368.ece|access-date=2017-02-27|work=[[Business Line]]|agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]|publisher=[[The Hindu]]|date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227114808/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/sasikala-leaves-for-bengaluru-to-surrender-in-court/article9544368.ece|archive-date=27 February 2017|location=[[Chennai]]}}</ref> She was released on 27 January 2021 after completion of her term, though being kept at [[Victoria Hospital (Bangalore Medical College)|Victoria Hospital]] for treatment of [[COVID-19]].<ref>{{cite news|title=V.K. Sasikala released from prison after serving 4-year term|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/vk-sasikala-aide-of-the-former-tn-cm-late-jayalalithaa-released-from-prison-after-serving-4-year-jail-term/article33673396.ece|access-date=2021-03-03|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=27 January 2021|location=[[Bangalore]]}}</ref>
==In Popular Culture==
In [[Queen (web series)|Queen Web Series]] Directed By [[Gautham Vasudev Menon|Gautham Meon]] [[Viji Chandrasekhar]] Played a Role 'Suryakala' (2019).Also In [[Thalaivii|Thalaivi]] Movie Directed By [[A. L. Vijay|AL Vijay]] [[Shamna Kasim]] Played a Role 'Sasi' (2021). First In Thalaivi Movie [[Priyamani]] And [[Sai Pallavi]] was considered for the role of Sassikala.Titled The Iron Lady, Director Priyadhaarshini,the assistant director of [[Mysskin]].[[Nithya Menen]] was signed on to play the Jayalalitha's role, while [[Aishwarya Rajesh]] and [[Varalaxmi Sarathkumar]] were in talks for a role for the character of Sassikala.Sasilalitha,Director K Jagadeswara Reddy [[Kajol]] and [[Amala Paul]] to play Jayalalithaa and Sassikala.

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sasikala, V. K.}}
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Tiruvarur district]]
[[Category:Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Indian prisoners and detainees]]
[[Category:Women in Tamil Nadu politics]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Indian politicians convicted of corruption]]
[[Category:Indian politicians disqualified from office]]
[[Category:Indian money launderers]]
[[Category:Criminals from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Businesswomen from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian politicians convicted of crimes]]

Sonia Gandhi

2022-04-10T08:28:01Z

Snthilakammarist:

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{For|the scientist|Sonia Gandhi (scientist)}}

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| birth_name = Sonia Maino
| image = Sonia Gandhi 2014 (cropped).jpg
| caption = Gandhi in 2014
| signature = Signature of Sonia Gandhi.svg
| office = [[President of the Indian National Congress]]
| term_start = 10 August 2019
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Rahul Gandhi]]
| successor =
| term_start1 = 14 March 1998
| term_end1 = 16 December 2017
| predecessor1 = [[Sitaram Kesri]]
| successor1 = [[Rahul Gandhi]]
| office2 = Chair of the [[United Progressive Alliance]]
| term_start2 = 6 May 2004
| term_end2 =
| predecessor2 = Office established
| successor2 =
| office3 = Chair of the [[National Advisory Council]]
| term_start3 = 29 March 2010
| term_end3 = 25 May 2014
| predecessor3 = Office established
| successor3 = Position abolished
| primeminister3 = [[Manmohan Singh]]
| term_start4 = 4 June 2004
| term_end4 = 23 March 2006
| predecessor4 = Office established
| successor4 = Position abolished
| primeminister4 = [[Manmohan Singh]]
| office5 = [[Leader of the Opposition (India)|Leader of the Opposition]]
| term_start5 = 19 March 1998
| term_end5 = 22 May 2004
| predecessor5 = [[Sharad Pawar]]
| successor5 = [[L. K. Advani]]
| office6 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| term_start6 = 2004
| term_end6 =
| constituency6 = [[Rae Bareli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rae Bareli]]
| predecessor6 = [[Satish Sharma]]
| successor6 =
| term_start7 = 10 October 1999
| term_end7 = 17 May 2004
| constituency7 = [[Amethi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amethi]]
| predecessor7 = [[Sanjaya Sinh|Sanjay Singh]]
| successor7 = [[Rahul Gandhi]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|12|9|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Lusiana]], [[Veneto]], [[Italy]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| citizenship = Italy {{small|(1946–1983)}} India {{small|(1983–present)}}
| relations = ''See [[Nehru–Gandhi family]]''
| alma_mater = [[Bell Educational Trust]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Rajiv Gandhi]]|1968|1991|end=died}}
| children = {{hlist|[[Rahul Gandhi]]|[[Priyanka Gandhi Vadra]]}}
| residence = [[10 Janpath]], [[New Delhi]]
| website =
}}

'''Sonia Maino Gandhi''' (born 9 December 1946) is an Indian politician. She is the president of the [[Indian National Congress]], a [[big tent]] political party, which has governed India for most of its post-independence history. She took over as the party leader in 1998, seven years after the [[assassination of Rajiv Gandhi]], her husband and a former [[Prime Minister of India]], and remained in office until 2017 after serving for twenty-two years.{{efn|Sources.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/sonia-gandhi-congress-president-rahul-gandhi-politics-4983911/|title=Sonia Gandhi retires as Congress president, to remain active in politics|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=15 December 2017|access-date=15 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/as-sonia-gandhi-makes-way-4984673/ |title=As Sonia Gandhi makes way|last=Chowdhary|first=Neerja|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=16 December 2017|access-date=19 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://m.hindustantimes.com/india-news/sonia-gandhi-s-19-years-as-congress-president-from-husband-rajiv-s-death-to-son-rahul-s-elevation/story-nmW3hNiG2zDo6abGYc38YO.html |title=Sonia Gandhi's 19 years as Congress president: From husband Rajiv's death to son Rahul's elevation|last=Naqshbandi|first=Aurangzeb|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=16 December 2017|access-date=20 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-election-gandhi/sonia-gandhi-keeps-congress-hopes-alive-in-india-polls-idUSTRE53D1XH20090414 |title=Sonia Gandhi keeps Congress hopes alive in India polls|last=Chandra|first=Rina|work=Reuters|date=14 April 2009|access-date=19 December 2017}}</ref>}} She returned to the post in 2019 after her son, [[Rahul Gandhi]], resigned.

Born in a small village near [[Vicenza]], Italy, Maino Gandhi was raised in a [[Roman Catholic]] family. After completing her primary education at local schools, she moved for language classes to [[Cambridge]], England, where she met [[Rajiv Gandhi]], and later married him in 1968. She then moved to India and started living with her mother-in-law, the then-[[Prime Minister of India]], [[Indira Gandhi]], at the latter's [[New Delhi]] residence. Sonia Gandhi, however, kept away from the [[public sphere]], even during the years of her husband's premiership.

Following her husband's assassination, Gandhi was invited by Congress leaders to lead the party, but she declined. She agreed to join politics in 1997 after much pleading from the party; the following year, she was nominated for [[List of Presidents of the Indian National Congress|party president]], and elected over [[Jitendra Prasada]].{{efn|Sources describing Gandhi's initial reluctance and eventual election.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/05/24/world/assassination-india-sonia-gandhi-declines-invitation-assume-husband-s-party-post.html|title=Assassination In India; Sonia Gandhi Declines Invitation To Assume Husband's Party Post|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=24 May 1991|access-date=25 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/sonia-gandhi-re-elected-congress-president/301022|title=Sonia Gandhi re-elected Congress President|work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|date=25 March 2005|access-date=21 November 2017}}</ref><ref name=elections.in>{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/political-leaders/sonia-gandhi.html|title=Sonia Gandhi Biography|publisher=Elections in India|access-date=24 May 2014}}</ref>}} Under her leadership, the Congress went on to form the government post the [[2004 Indian general elections|2004 elections]] in coalition with other centre-left political parties. Gandhi has since been credited for being instrumental in formulating the [[United Progressive Alliance]] (UPA), which was re-elected to power in [[2009 Indian general elections|2009]]. Gandhi declined the premiership following the 2004 victory; she instead led the ruling alliance and the [[National Advisory Council]].{{efn|Sources describing Gandhi's leadership of the UPA and declining the premiership.<ref name="BBC Profile 2014">{{cite news |author= |title=Profile: Sonia Gandhi |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-26830531 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=16 May 2014 |access-date=21 May 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Fourth-time-in-a-row-Sonia-Gandhi-is-Congress-chief/articleshow/6487821.cms?referral=PM|title=Fourth time in a row, Sonia Gandhi is Congress chief|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=4 September 2010|access-date=25 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://content.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1652689_1652372_1652356,00.html|title=India's Most Influential|last=Robinson|first=Simon|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=25 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/node/2693501|title=Sonia: and yet so far|work=[[The Economist]]|date=20 May 2004|access-date=25 November 2017}}</ref>}}

Over the course of her career, Gandhi presided over the advisory councils credited for the formation and subsequent implementation of such [[rights-based approach to development|rights-based development and welfare schemes]] as the [[right to information]], [[Food security bill]], and [[MNREGA]], as she drew criticism related to the [[Bofors scandal]] and the [[National Herald Case|''National Herald'' Case]]. Her foreign birth has also been a subject of much debate and controversy.{{efn|Sources discussing the welfare schemes and controversies.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/movements-and-governments-sonia-gandhi-4983273/|title=Movements and governments|last=Roy|first=Aruna|work=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=15 December 2017|date=15 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/end-of-the-longest-regency/299576|title=End of the longest regency|work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|date=4 December 2017|access-date=25 November 2017}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1020830/asp/nation/story_1151052.asp|title=BJP sees Gujarat ammo in Sonia origins|date=30 August 2002|work=The Telegraph|access-date=2 February 2010|location=Calcutta, India|first=Radhika|last=Ramaseshan}}</ref>}} Gandhi's active participation in politics began to reduce during the latter half of the [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA government's]] second term owing to health concerns. She stepped down as the Congress president in December 2017, but returned to lead the party in August 2019. Although she never held any [[List of office-holders in India|public office]] in the [[government of India]], Gandhi has been widely described as one of the most powerful politicians in the country, and is often listed among the most powerful women in the world.{{efn|Sources discussing the listing.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/india/the-sonia-gandhi-years-and-what-rahul-gandhi-can-learn/articleshow/61062696.cms|title=The Sonia Gandhi years and what Rahul Gandhi can learn|last=Manoj|first=CL|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=25 November 2017|date=13 October 2017}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite news|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/sonia-gandhi-health-mystery-sets-india-leadership-adrift|title=Sonia Gandhi Health Mystery Sets India Leadership Adrift|last=Riedel|first=Bruce|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|access-date=25 November 2017|date=24 June 2012}}</ref><ref name="SandbrookGüven">{{cite book|author1=Richard Sandbrook|author2=Ali Burak Güven|title=Civilizing Globalization, Revised and Expanded Edition: A Survival Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=asKIAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA77|date=1 June 2014|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=978-1-4384-5209-8|pages=77–}}</ref>}}

==Early life==
[[File:Sonia Gandhi birthplace.JPG|left|thumb|upright=0.6|Sonia Gandhi's birthplace, 31, Contrada Maini (Maini street), [[Lusiana]], Italy (the house on the right)]]
Sonia Maino<ref name="vera">{{cite web|url=http://m.indiatoday.in/story/sonia-gandhi-the-maino-girl-who-kept-her-tryst-with-destiny-in-india/1/194441.html|title=Sonia Gandhi: The Maino girl who kept her tryst with destiny in India|last=Schiavazzi|first=Vera|work=[[India Today]]|date=17 January 2005|access-date=19 November 2017}}</ref> was born on 9 December 1946 to Stefano and Paola Maino in [[Lusiana]] (in Maini street), a historically [[Cimbrian language|Cimbrian]]-speaking village about 35 km from [[Vicenza]] in [[Veneto]], [[Italy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiopopolare.it/trasmissioni/onde-road/magnetofono/07112009-lindia-di-sonia-gandhi/stampa.html|title=Pictures from the book-biography "The Red sari" by Javier Moro|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728000421/http://www.radiopopolare.it/trasmissioni/onde-road/magnetofono/07112009-lindia-di-sonia-gandhi/stampa.html |archive-date=28 July 2011|publisher=[[Radio Popolare]]|access-date=9 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ilgiornaledivicenza.it/stories/Home/92600_sonia_gandhidalla_piccola_lusiana_allindia_ecco_il_romanzo_di_una_donna_speciale/|title=Sonia Gandhi, dalla piccola Lusiana all'India ecco il romanzo di una donna speciale|work=Il Giornale di Vicenza |date=5 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614233754/http://ilgiornaledivicenza.it/stories/Home/92600_sonia_gandhidalla_piccola_lusiana_allindia_ecco_il_romanzo_di_una_donna_speciale/|archive-date=14 June 2011}}</ref> She was one of three siblings: Sonia, Nadia and Anoushka,<ref name=laiq/> raised in a traditional [[Roman Catholic]] Christian family.<ref name=vera/> Sonia spent her adolescence in [[Orbassano]], a town near [[Turin]]. She attained primary education attending the local Catholic schools; one of her early teachers described her as "a diligent little girl, [who] studied as much as was necessary".<ref name="vera"/>

Stefano, who was a building mason, established a small construction business in Orbassano.<ref name="laiq">{{cite web|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?205112|title=Meeting Mr Maino|last=Laiq|first=Jawid|work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|access-date=19 July 2013|date=23 February 1998|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426214358/http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?205112|archive-date=26 April 2014}}</ref> He had fought against the [[Soviet military]] alongside [[Hitler]]'s [[Wehrmacht]] on the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|eastern front in World War II]], was a loyal supporter of [[Benito Mussolini]] and Italy's [[National Fascist Party]]. The family house had [[Bookbinding#Development|leather bound books]] on writings and speeches of Mussolini.<ref name="laiq"/> Stefano had named Sonia and her elder sister Nadia in the memory of the [[Italian participation in the Eastern Front]].<ref name="vera"/> He died in 1983.<ref>[http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1509/15090140.htm In Maino land] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130308113733/http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1509/15090140.htm|date=8 March 2013}}; retrieved 23 March 2007.</ref> Gandhi has two sisters who still reside in Orbassano along with their mother.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3714047.stm Italy heralds 'first woman PM'] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306041733/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3714047.stm|date=6 March 2016}}; retrieved 18 July 2007.</ref>

Gandhi completed her schooling at the age of 13; her final report card read: "intelligent, diligent, committed [...] would succeed well at the high school for teachers". She aspired to become a [[flight attendant]].<ref name="vera"/> In 1964, she went to study English at the [[Bell Educational Trust]]'s language school in the city of [[Cambridge]]. The following year, she met [[Rajiv Gandhi]] at the Varsity Restaurant, where she was working as a part-time waitress, while he was enrolled for an engineering degree in the [[Trinity College, Cambridge|Trinity College]] at the [[University of Cambridge]].<ref name="Singh2011">{{cite book|author=Rani Singh|title=Sonia Gandhi: An Extraordinary Life, An Indian Destiny|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F_g67qLkXfgC|date=13 September 2011|publisher=St. Martin's Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-230-34053-4}}</ref><ref name="time-s">{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/asia/covers/501040524/story.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604080555/http://www.time.com/time/asia/covers/501040524/story.html|archive-date=4 June 2011|title=The Sonia Shock|first=Alex|last=Perry|date=17 May 2004|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|url-status=dead|access-date=12 June 2009}}</ref> In this context, the ''Times'', London reported, "Mrs Gandhi was an 18-year-old student at a small language college in Cambridge in 1965, [...] when she met a handsome young engineering student".<ref>{{citation|title=From waitress to world leader|url=http://rediff.com/election/2004/may/17sonia.htm|publisher=Rediff|date=17 May 2004}}</ref> The couple married in 1968, in a [[Hindu]] ceremony, following which she moved into the house of her mother-in-law and then Prime Minister, [[Indira Gandhi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.catholicculture.org/news/features/index.cfm?recnum=20749|title=News Features|publisher=Catholic Culture |date=20 November 2001|access-date=11 March 2014}}</ref><ref name="BBC Profile 2014"/>

The couple had two children, [[Rahul Gandhi]] (born 1970) and [[Priyanka Vadra]] (born 1972). Despite belonging to the influential [[Nehru- Feroz Khan Gandhi family|Nehru family]], Sonia and Rajiv avoided all involvement in politics. Rajiv worked as an airline pilot while Sonia took care of her family.
She spent considerable amount of time with her mother-in-law, Indira Gandhi; she recalled her experience in a 1985 interview with the Hindi-language magazine ''[[Dharmyug]]'', "She [Indira] showered me with all her affection and love".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/05/23/world/assassination-in-india-woman-in-the-news-the-tragedy-s-new-player-sonia-gandhi.html|title=Assassination In India: Woman in the News; The Tragedy's New Player; Sonia Gandhi|last=Hazarika|first=Sanjoy|work=[[New York Times]]|access-date=1 March 2018|date=23 May 1991}}</ref> Soon after the latter's ousting from office in 1977 in the aftermath of the [[Indian Emergency]], the Rajiv family contemplated moving abroad for a short time.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ramachandran|first=Aarthi|title=Decoding Rahul Gandhi|year=2012|page=1973|isbn=9789381626696|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8PeqObhK2qsC&q=Rajiv+gandhi+family+moved+abroad+after+emergency&pg=PA1973|access-date=27 May 2014}}</ref> When Rajiv entered politics in 1982 after the death of his younger brother [[Sanjay Gandhi]] in a plane crash on 23 June 1980, Sonia continued to focus on her family and avoided all contact with the public.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1612/16120300.htm |title=Citizen Sonia|last=Venkatesan|first=V.|work=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]|date=5 June 1999 |access-date=30 May 2014}}</ref>

==Political career==
===Rajiv Gandhi's premiership (1984–1990)===
[[File:President Ronald Reagan, Nancy Reagan, Rajiv Gandhi, and Sonia Gandhi.jpg|thumb|left|40th [[president of the United States]] [[Ronald Reagan]], Sonia Gandhi, First Lady [[Nancy Reagan]] and Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi, during a state dinner for Prime Minister Gandhi. June 1985.]]
[[File:Bezoek premier Rajiv Gandhi van India ontvangst op Paleis Huis ten Bosch Prins, Bestanddeelnr 933-4642.jpg|thumb|right|[[Queen of the Netherlands]] [[Beatrix of the Netherlands|Beatrix]] with [[Prince Claus of the Netherlands|Prince Claus]] meeting Rajiv and Sonia Gandhi.]]
Sonia Gandhi's involvement with Indian public life began after the assassination of her mother-in-law and her husband's election as prime minister. As the prime minister's wife she acted as his official hostess and also accompanied him on a number of state visits.<ref>{{cite web|author=Rasheeda Bhagat|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/features/life/sonia-gandhi-ordinary-italian-to-powerful-indian/article2573884.ece|title=Sonia Gandhi: Ordinary Italian to powerful Indian|publisher=Thehindubusinessline.com|access-date=11 March 2014}}</ref>

In 1984, she actively campaigned against her husband's sister-in-law [[Maneka Gandhi]] who was running against Rajiv in [[Amethi]]. At the end of Rajiv Gandhi's five years in office, the [[Bofors scandal]] broke out. [[Ottavio Quattrocchi]], an Italian businessman believed to be involved, was said to be a friend of Sonia Gandhi, having access to the Prime Minister's official residence.<ref>[http://in.rediff.com/news/2006/jan/17spec11.htm Who is Quattrocchi?] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423120625/http://in.rediff.com/news/2006/jan/17spec11.htm |date=23 April 2016 }} Retrieved 23 March 2007.</ref> The BJP has alleged that she appeared on the voters' list in New Delhi prior to obtaining Indian citizenship in April 1983, in contravention of Indian law.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/19990512/ipo12039.html|title=BJP accuses Sonia of flouting law|date=12 May 1999|work=The Indian Express|access-date=12 April 2011}}</ref><ref name="hinduonnet.com"/>

Former senior Congress leader and former [[President of India]] [[Pranab Mukherjee]] said that she surrendered her Italian passport to the Italian Embassy on 27 April 1983.<ref name="Citizenship">{{cite web |title=Introduction - Chapter 01 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/71221/6/06_chapter%201.pdf |publisher=Shodhganga |access-date=30 May 2020}}</ref> [[Italian nationality law]] did not permit dual nationality until 1992. So, by acquiring Indian citizenship in 1983, she would automatically have lost Italian citizenship.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archivio.trentininelmondo.it/cittadinanza/come_si_perde_en.asp|title=Citizenship: How to lose it? |publisher=Trentini Nel Mondo|access-date=2 February 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107041529/http://archivio.trentininelmondo.it/cittadinanza/come_si_perde_en.asp|archive-date=7 January 2012}}</ref>

===Active politics and Congress President (1991–1998)===
[[File:Vladimir Putin in India 2-5 October 2000-15.jpg|thumb|right|Sonia Gandhi as Leader of Opposition, meeting with the [[President of Russia]] [[Vladimir Putin]] during his State visit to India in October 2000.]]
After Rajiv Gandhi [[Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi|was assassinated in 1991]] and Sonia Gandhi refused<ref>{{Cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|date=24 May 1991|title=ASSASSINATION IN INDIA; Sonia Gandhi Declines Invitation To Assume Husband's Party Post|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/05/24/world/assassination-india-sonia-gandhi-declines-invitation-assume-husband-s-party-post.html|access-date=13 September 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> to succeed him as the Congress president and prime minister, the party settled on the choice of [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]] who subsequently became Prime Minister after winning elections [[1991 Indian general election|that year]]. Over the next few years, however, the Congress fortunes continued to dwindle and it lost the [[1996 Indian general election|1996 elections]]. Several senior leaders such as [[Madhavrao Sindhia]], [[Rajesh Pilot]], [[Narayan Dutt Tiwari]], [[Arjun Singh (politician, born 1930)|Arjun Singh]], [[Mamata Banerjee]], [[G. K. Moopanar]], [[P. Chidambaram]] and [[Jayanthi Natarajan]] were in open revolt against incumbent President [[Sitaram Kesri]] and many of whom quit the party, splitting the Congress into many factions.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-the-sitaram-kesri-case-how-dynasty-trumped-ethics-1564149 |title=The Sitaram Kesri case: How dynasty trumped ethics | Latest News & Updates at |work=Daily News & Analysis |date=10 July 2011|access-date=30 May 2014}}</ref>

In an effort to revive the party's sagging fortunes, she joined the Congress Party as a primary member in the Calcutta Plenary Session in 1997 and became party leader in 1998.<ref name=elections.in/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/sonia-gandhi-re-elected-congress-president-unopposed-49389|title=Sonia Gandhi re-elected Congress president, unopposed|work=NDTV|date=3 September 2010|access-date=30 May 2014}}</ref>

In May 1999, three senior leaders of the party ([[Sharad Pawar]], [[P. A. Sangma]], and [[Tariq Anwar (politician)|Tariq Anwar]]) challenged her right to try to become India's Prime Minister because of her foreign origins. In response, she offered to resign{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} as party leader, resulting in an outpouring of support and the expulsion from the party of the three rebels who went on to form the [[Nationalist Congress Party]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/asiapcf/9905/17/india.gandhi.01/index.html|title=India's Congress Party rallies for Sonia Gandhi|date=17 May 1999|publisher=CNN|access-date=2 February 2010}}</ref>

Within 62 days of joining as a primary member, she was offered the party President post which she accepted.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/political-leaders/sonia-gandhi.html|title=Sonia Gandhi Biography – about, family and professional history, political journey and awards won|publisher=Elections.in|access-date=11 March 2014}}</ref>

She contested Lok Sabha elections from [[Bellary (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bellary]], Karnataka and [[Amethi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amethi]], Uttar Pradesh in 1999. She won both seats but chose to represent Amethi.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/02/28/stories/2004022807090400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040404174652/http://www.hindu.com/2004/02/28/stories/2004022807090400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 April 2004|title= A Congress bastion since 1952|date=28 February 2004|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=24 May 2014}}</ref> In Bellary, she had defeated veteran BJP leader, [[Sushma Swaraj]].<ref>{{cite web|title=General election 1999, Candidate wise result|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/candidatewise/GE_1999.xls|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=26 March 2012}}</ref>

===Leader of the Opposition (1999–2003)===
She was elected the [[Leader of the Opposition (India)|Leader of the Opposition]] of the 13th Lok Sabha in 1999.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.india.gov.in/govt/loksabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=130|title=Detailed Profile – Smt. Sonia Gandhi – Members of Parliament (Lok Sabha)|publisher=Archive.india.gov.in|access-date=11 March 2014|archive-date=2 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302234504/http://archive.india.gov.in/govt/loksabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=130|url-status=dead}}</ref>

When the BJP-led NDA formed a government under [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]], she took the office of the Leader of Opposition. As Leader of Opposition, she called a no-confidence motion against the NDA government led by Vajpayee in 2003.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/LS-to-witness-26th-no-confidence-motion-in-its-history/articleshow/134440.cms |title=LS to witness 26th no-confidence motion in its history|work= The Times of India|date=17 August 2003|access-date=30 May 2014}}</ref>

===Electoral success and UPA chairmanship (2004–2017)===
In the [[2004 Indian general elections|2004 general elections]], Gandhi launched a nationwide campaign, crisscrossing the country on the ''Aam Aadmi'' (ordinary man) slogan in contrast to the 'India Shining' slogan of the BJP-led [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]] (NDA) alliance. She countered the BJP asking "Who is India Shining for?". In the election, she was re-elected by a 200,000-vote margin over nearest rival, in the [[Rae Bareli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rae Bareli]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_I_LS_2004.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 2004 to the 14th Lok Sabha|publisher=ECI|page=308|access-date=24 May 2014}}</ref> Following the unexpected defeat of the NDA, she was widely expected to be the next [[Prime Minister of India]]. On 16 May, she was unanimously chosen to lead a 15-party [[coalition government]] with the support of the left, which was subsequently named the [[United Progressive Alliance]] (UPA).{{citation needed|date=August 2017}}

The defeated NDA protested once again her 'foreign origin' and senior NDA leader [[Sushma Swaraj]] threatened to shave her head and "sleep on the ground", among other things, should Sonia become prime minister.<ref name="autogenerated1">[http://religion.info/english/articles/article_127.shtml Religioscope: India: politics of renunciation, traditional and modern – Analysis] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816073926/http://religion.info/english/articles/article_127.shtml|date=16 August 2016}}; retrieved 9 December 2011.</ref>

The NDA claimed that there were legal reasons that barred her from the Prime Minister's post.<ref>{{cite news|author=Pioneer News Service|title=Whose inner voice?|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/indexn12.asp?main_variable=VOTE_2004&file_name=vote941.txt&counter_img=941|publisher=CMYK Multimedia Pvt. Ltd|access-date=20 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070409085348/http://www.dailypioneer.com/indexn12.asp?main_variable=VOTE_2004&file_name=vote941.txt&counter_img=941|archive-date=9 April 2007}}</ref>

They pointed, in particular, to Section 5 of the Indian Citizenship Act of 1955, which they claimed implied 'reciprocity'. This was contested by others<ref name="hinduonnet.com">{{cite journal|last=Venkatesan|first=V|date=June 1999|title=Citizen Sonia|journal=Frontline|volume=16|issue=12|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1612/16120300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110422100148/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1612/16120300.htm|archive-date=22 April 2011|url-status=usurped|access-date=12 December 2011}}</ref> and eventually the suits were dismissed by the [[Supreme Court of India]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Sonia-is-Indian-rules-SC/articleshow/1303524221.cms|title=Sonia is Indian, rules SC|work=The Times of India|date=13 September 2001|access-date=26 May 2014}}</ref>

A few days after the election, Gandhi recommended [[Manmohan Singh]] as her choice as prime minister, that the party leaders accepted. Her supporters compared it to the old Indian tradition of [[Sannyasa|renunciation]],<ref name="BBC">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/3727591.stm|title=Indian press lauds Gandhi decision|access-date=6 February 2008|date=19 May 2004|publisher=BBC}}</ref> while her opponents attacked it as a political stunt.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/3546851.stm|title=Profile: Sonia Gandhi|access-date=6 July 2008|date=23 March 2006|publisher=BBC}}</ref>

[[File:Manmohan Singh and his wife Smt. Gursharan Kaur with the Chairperson, UPA and National Advisory Council, Smt. Sonia Gandhi, at an Iftar party, hosted by the Prime Minister, in New Delhi on September 08, 2010.jpg|thumb|right|Sonia Gandhi with [[List of Prime Ministers of India|13th Prime Minister of India]] [[Manmohan Singh]] and his wife [[Gursharan Kaur]] at an Iftar party in New Delhi on 2010.]]
On 23 March 2006, Gandhi announced her resignation from the Lok Sabha and also as chairperson of the [[National Advisory Council]] under the office-of-profit controversy and the speculation that the government was planning to bring an ordinance to exempt the post of chairperson of National Advisory Council from the purview of office of profit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2006/mar/23profit4.htm|title= 'Hurt' Sonia quits as MP, chairperson of NAC|access-date=23 March 2006}}</ref> She was re-elected from her constituency Rae Bareli in May 2006 by a margin of over 400,000 votes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/parliamentary-constituencies/rae-bareli.html|title=Rae Bareli Lok Sabha|work=Elections.in|access-date=21 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rediff.com/election/2006/may/11prae.htm|title=Sonia strides to victory with record margin|work=Rediff|date=11 May 2006}}</ref>

As chairperson of the National Advisory Committee and the UPA, she played an important role in making the [[National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme]] and the [[Right to Information Act]] into law.<ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050819/nation.htm#22 Employment Bill not a populist measure: Sonia] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307153756/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050819/nation.htm|date=7 March 2016}}; retrieved 13 July 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.hindu.com/2005/05/19/stories/2005051912690500.htm After RTI success, it's right to work] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207222848/http://www.hindu.com/2005/05/19/stories/2005051912690500.htm |date=7 December 2013}}; retrieved 13 July 2007.</ref>

She addressed the United Nations on 2 October 2007, [[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s birth anniversary which is observed as the international day of non-violence after a UN resolution passed on 15 July 2007.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-10-02/us/27951545_1_collective-failure-violence-mahatma-gandhi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106041157/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-10-02/us/27951545_1_collective-failure-violence-mahatma-gandhi|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 November 2012|title=Sonia Gandhi raises disarmament issue at UN meet|access-date=2 October 2007|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=2 October 2007}}</ref>

Under her leadership, the Congress-led UPA won a decisive majority in the 2009 general elections with Manmohan Singh as the Prime Minister.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/8062815.stm|title=India's new government sworn in |work=BBC News|date=22 May 2009|access-date=24 May 2014}}</ref> The Congress itself won 206 Lok Sabha seats, which was then the highest total by any party since 1991.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/newdelhi/hail-to-the-chief-sonia-spurs-cong-to-new-heights/article1-1024780.aspx|title=Hail to the chief: Sonia spurs Cong to new heights|work=Hindustan Times|date=11 March 2013|access-date=24 May 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140525233858/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/newdelhi/hail-to-the-chief-sonia-spurs-cong-to-new-heights/article1-1024780.aspx|archive-date=25 May 2014}}</ref> She was re-elected to a third term as a member of parliament representing Rae Bareli.<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Winning candidates Final|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/press/List%20of%20Winning%20Candidated%20Final%20for%2016th%20May.pdf|page=8|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=26 March 2012}}</ref>

In 2013, Gandhi became the first person to serve as Congress President for 15 years consecutively.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/d9yxVh9bSDMIoKACEGjrtL/Sonia-Gandhi-completes-15-years-as-Congress-president.html|title=Sonia Gandhi completes 15 years as Congress president|work=Livemint|date=13 March 2013|access-date=25 May 2014}}</ref> In the same year, Gandhi condemned the Supreme Court judgement supporting [[Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code]] and backed LGBT rights.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/disappointed-over-court-ruling-on-gay-rights-sonia-gandhi-113121200300_1.html|title= Disappointed over court ruling on gay rights: Sonia Gandhi|newspaper= Business Standard India|date= 12 December 2013|access-date=12 December 2013 }}</ref>

===2014–present===
In the [[2014 Indian general election|2014 general election]], she held her seat in Rae Bareli.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/sonia-gandhi-wins-by-over-3-52-lakh-votes/|title=Sonia Gandhi wins by over 3.52 lakh votes|work=The Indian Express|date=16 May 2014|access-date=24 May 2014}}</ref> However, the Indian National Congress and the Congress-led UPA electoral alliance suffered their worst result in a general election ever, winning only 44 and 59 seats respectively.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/standpoint-after-its-worst-defeat-ever-in-lok-sabha-elections-what-can-congress-do-to-recover-1989703|title=After its worst defeat ever in Lok Sabha elections, what can Congress do to recover?|work=Daily News & Analysis|date=19 May 2014|access-date=21 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/videos/472411/the-worst-defeat-where-the-congress-went-wrong.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521190800/http://ibnlive.in.com/videos/472411/the-worst-defeat-where-the-congress-went-wrong.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 May 2014|title=The worst defeat: Where the Congress went wrong|work=IBN Live|date=17 May 2014|access-date=21 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://electionsdata.ndtv.com/2014/graphics/dtype/dtype_india.html?paperheight=55&paperwidth=99.5&width=360&height=180&share=1&shlogo=1&showga=1|title=Results|work=NDTV|access-date=21 May 2014}}</ref>

When Rahul Gandhi was expected to take over as Congress president, [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] leader [[Sitaram Yechury]] picked Sonia over Rahul, calling her the "glue that binds the opposition"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/sonia-glue-that-keeps-oppn-united-rahul-gandhi-will-break-it-sitaram-yechury-forecasts-doom-and-gloom-for-bjp-rivals/929880/|title=Sonia glue that keeps Oppn united; Rahul Gandhi will break it, Sitaram Yechury forecasts doom and gloom for BJP rivals|date=12 November 2017|work=[[The Financial Express (India)|Financial Express]]|access-date=12 November 2017}}</ref> during an interview November 2017 . Rahul took over as the 49th Congress president on 16 December 2017.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rahul Gandhi takes over as Congress president|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/rahul-gandhi-takes-over-as-congress-president/articleshow/62093451.cms|date=16 December 2017|access-date=12 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/rahul-gandhi-takes-charge-as-congress-president-from-mother-sonia-today-1788506
|title=Rahul Gandhi Takes Over As Congress Chief; New Start, Say Party Leaders|publisher=[[NDTV]]|date=16 December 2017|access-date=16 December 2017}}</ref>

Gandhi returned to active politics for Indian National Congress' campaign for the [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]]. Having stayed away from campaigning for elections since 2016, Gandhi addressed a rally at [[Bijapur]], which comprised five legislative assembly constituencies; while Congress emerged as the second largest party in the election with 78 seats behind the BJP, the former won four or the five assembly seats from Bijapur.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/5GrqFGdzG44WfcjLejrN5J/Sonia-Gandhi-hits-campaign-trail-crosses-swords-with-PM-Mod.html|title=Sonia Gandhi hits campaign trail, crosses swords with PM Modi in Karnataka
|work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Livemint]]|date=17 May 2018|access-date=8 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/170518/sonia-gandhi-meeting-had-more-strike-rate.html
|title=Sonia Gandhi meeting had more strike rate|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=17 May 2018|access-date=17 May 2018}}</ref> Gandhi also played an active role in orchestrating a post-poll alliance with the [[Janata Dal (Secular)]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/2018/05/16/karnataka-elections-how-deve-gowda-learnt-to-stop-worrying-and-trust-the-congress-again_a_23435665/|title=Karnataka Election: How Deve Gowda Learnt To Stop Worrying And Trust The Congress (Again)|last=Sethi|first=Aman|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|date=16 May 2018|access-date=17 May 2018}}</ref>

Rahul Gandhi, taking responsibility of Congress party's second consecutive loss in [[2019 Indian general elections|general elections held in 2019]], resigned from the post of President on May, 25. Following the resignation, party leaders began deliberations for a suitable candidate to replace him. The Congress Working Committee met on August, 10 to take a final call on the matter and passed a resolution asking Sonia Gandhi to take over as interim president until a consensus candidate could be picked.<ref name="2019 president">{{cite news|url= https://m.economictimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/cwc-chooses-sonia-gandhi-as-interim-chief-of-congress/articleshow/70623767.cms|title=CWC chooses Sonia Gandhi as interim chief of Congress|newspaper=[[The Economic Times|Economic Times]]|date=11 August 2019|access-date=14 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rahul-had-said-no-gandhi-but-congress-goes-back-to-sonia-gandhi/articleshow/70625074.cms | title=Rahul had said 'no Gandhi', but Congress goes back to Sonia Gandhi | work=[[The Times of India]] | date=11 August 2019 | access-date=11 August 2019}}</ref>

Following her appointment, Gandhi undertook restructuring of the Congress' state units and appointed [[Kumari Selja]] and [[Eknath Gaikwad]] as the presidents of the party's Haryana and Mumbai units. Several other changes were also made in the party's organisational units in states slated for elections including Haryana, Maharashtra, and Jharkhand.<ref>{{cite web |title=Loyalty: Sonia Gandhi sets new criteria for Congress reshuffle |url=https://www.asianage.com/india/politics/150919/loyalty-sonia-gandhi-sets-new-criteria-for-congress-reshuffle.html| work=[[The Asian Age]] | date=15 September 2019| access-date=28 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Congress interim chief readies to reshuffle state committees|url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/congress-interim-chief-readies-to-reshuffle-state-committees/amp_articleshow/71731939.cms| work=[[The Economic Times]] | date=24 October 2019| access-date=28 November 2019}}</ref>

In February 2020, Gandhi held a press conference where she demanded that Home Minister [[Amit Shah]] should resign for failing to stop the [[North East Delhi riots]]. She asked for the deployment of an adequate number of security forces.<ref>{{cite news |title=Delhi violence live updates {{!}} Register FIRs against hate speeches, HC directs Delhi Police |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/delhi-violence-day-4-live-updates/article30919537.ece |work=The Hindu |date=26 February 2020 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Sonia is the widow of [[Rajiv Gandhi]], elder son of [[Indira Gandhi]]. She has two children, [[Rahul Gandhi]] and [[Priyanka Gandhi]].

In August 2011, she underwent successful surgery for cervical cancer<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/181508/sonia-diagnosed-cervical-cancer.html|title=Sonia diagnosed with cervical cancer|website=Deccan Herald|date=5 August 2011|access-date=12 December 2017}}</ref> in the United States at [[Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center]] in New York.<ref>[http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/sonia-returns-after-surgery/843931/ "Sonia returns after surgery"], ''Indian Express'' (9 September 2011); retrieved 12 July 2017.</ref> She returned to India on 9 September after her treatment. Speaking on 18 July 2012, about her son taking a larger role in the party, she said that it is for Rahul to decide.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article3652898.ece|title=It's for Rahul to decide: Sonia|date=18 July 2012|location=Chennai, India|work=The Hindu}}</ref>

Sonia Gandhi was listed as one of the fifty best-dressed over 50s by the ''Guardian'' in March 2013.<ref>{{cite news|title=The 50 best-dressed over 50s|url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/gallery/2013/mar/29/50-best-dressed-over-50s|newspaper=The Guardian|location=London|first1=Jess|last1=Cartner-Morley|first2=Helen|last2=Mirren|first3=Arianna|last3=Huffington|first4=Valerie|last4=Amos|date=28 March 2013}}</ref>
She follows the style quote "Simple is Stylish" and looks no further than mother-in-law Indira Gandhi's "innate sense of fashion".<ref name="Sonia style">{{cite news|title=Simple is stylish: Sonia|url=http://in.news.yahoo.com/simple-stylish-sonia-221315145.html|access-date=9 November 2012|newspaper=telegraph India|date=8 November 2012}}</ref>

According to an [[affidavit]] filed during the [[2014 Indian general election]], Sonia had declared assets worth {{INRConvert|9.28|c|year=2014|mode=historical}}, with {{INRConvert|2.81|c|year=2014|mode=historical|round=-3}} in movable and {{INRConvert|6.47|c|year=2014|mode=historical}} in immovable properties. This was an almost six-fold increase since her declaration in the last election in 2009; party officials attributed this to a switch from [[book value]] to [[market value]] for asset valuation.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sonia Gandhi files papers, shows six-fold hike in assets|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Home/Lok-Sabha-Elections-2014/News/Sonia-Gandhi-files-papers-shows-six-fold-hike-in-assets/articleshow/33156924.cms | work=The Times of India}}</ref>

===Electoral performances===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Election
!colspan="2"|Party
!Constituency Name
!Result
!Votes gained
!Vote share%
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
| rowspan="2" |[[13th Lok Sabha]]
| rowspan="7" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="7" |[[Indian National Congress]] 
|[[Amethi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amethi]]
|{{Won}}
|4,18,960
|67.12%
|-
|[[Bellary (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bellary]]
|{{Won}}
|4,14,650
|51.70%
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
| rowspan="2" |[[14th Lok Sabha]]
|[[Rae Bareli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rae Bareli]]
|{{Won}}
|390,179
|66.18%
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2006]]
|[[Rae Bareli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rae Bareli]]
|{{Won}}
|4,74,891
|80.49%
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|[[15th Lok Sabha]]
|[[Rae Bareli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rae Bareli]]
|{{Won}}
|4,81,490
|72.23%
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|[[16th Lok Sabha]]
|[[Rae Bareli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rae Bareli]]
|{{Won}}
|5,26,434
|63.80%
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|[[17th Lok Sabha]]
|[[Rae Bareli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rae Bareli]]
|{{Won}}
|5,34,918
|55.80%
|-
|}

==Honours and recognition==

Gandhi was seen as the most powerful politician of India from 2004 to 2014,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/india/the-sonia-gandhi-years-and-what-rahul-gandhi-can-learn/articleshow/61062696.cms|title=The Sonia Gandhi years and what Rahul Gandhi can learn|last=Manoj|first=CL|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=25 November 2017|date=13 October 2017|quote=Gandhi had to struggle for years before steering the party back to power in 2004, for a 10-year stint when she became India’s most powerful politician.}}</ref> and variously listed among the most powerful people and women listings by magazines.<ref name="auto"/><ref name="SandbrookGüven2014">{{cite book|author1=Richard Sandbrook|author2=Ali Burak Güven|title=Civilizing Globalization, Revised and Expanded Edition: A Survival Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=asKIAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA77|date=1 June 2014|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=978-1-4384-5209-8|pages=77–|quote=Sonia Gandhi, who was ranked sixth on Forbes's list of the "100 Most Powerful Women in the World" in 2012}}</ref>

In 2013, Sonia Gandhi was ranked 21st among world's most powerful and 9th most powerful woman by ''Forbes Magazine''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/sonia-gandhi-third-most-powerful-woman-in-forbes-list/story-ywXlS1IFavoPY9QgwBdiVK.html|title=Sonia Gandhi third most powerful woman in Forbes list|work=hindustantimes.com|date=30 October 2013|access-date=22 June 2017}}</ref>

In 2007, she had been named the [[Forbes list of The World's 100 Most Powerful Women|third most powerful woman]] in the world by the same magazine<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2004/08/18/04powomland.html|title=The World's 100 Most Powerful Women|work=[[Forbes]]|date=20 August 2004|access-date=30 May 2014}}</ref> and was ranked 6th in exclusive list in 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/11/biz-07women_Sonia-Gandhi_W5BY.html|title=Sonia Gandhi in Forbes' list for 2007|work=[[Forbes]]|date=30 August 2007|access-date=31 August 2007}}</ref>

In 2010, Gandhi ranked as the ninth most powerful person on the planet by ''Forbes'' magazine.<ref>[https://www.forbes.com/profile/sonia-gandhi In Maino land] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101106203529/http://www.forbes.com/profile/sonia-gandhi|date=6 November 2010}}; retrieved 23 March 2010.</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.businesstoday.in/management/leadership/ratan-tata-sonia-gandhi-in-forbes-powerful-list/story/10120.html|title=Ratan Tata, Sonia Gandhi in Forbes' powerful list|work=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]]|date=4 November 2010|access-date=23 April 2017|location=New Delhi, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Sonia-Gandhi-Tata-in-Forbes-most-powerful-people-list/articleshow/6870445.cms|title=Sonia Gandhi, Tata in Forbes' most powerful people list|work=[[Times of India]]|date=4 November 2010|access-date=23 April 2017|location=Boston, Massachusetts}}</ref> She was ranked 12 in 2012 in Forbes' powerful people list.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/sonia-gandhi-worlds-third-most-powerful-woman-forbes-539466|title=Sonia Gandhi world's third most powerful woman: Forbes|date=30 October 2013|work=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/sonia-gandhi/|title=Sonia Gandhi|author=Saritha Rai|work=Forbes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/photos/news/these-are-the-worlds-most-powerful-people-14299#photo-185869|title=These are the world's most powerful people, Photo Gallery|work=NDTV.com}}</ref>

Sonia was also named among the ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]] [[Time 100|100 most influential]]'' people in the world for the years 2007<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/time100/article/0,28804,1595326_1615513_1614685,00.html Sonia Gandhi among Time's 100 for 2007] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130803145423/http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/time100/article/0%2C28804%2C1595326_1615513_1614685%2C00.html|date= 3 August 2013}}; retrieved 14 May 2007.</ref> and 2008.<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1733748_1733757_1735551,00.html Sonia Gandhi among Time's 100 for 2008] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130822203656/http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0%2C28804%2C1733748_1733757_1735551%2C00.html |date=22 August 2013}}; retrieved 1 May 2008.</ref> ''[[New Statesman]]'' listed Sonia Gandhi at number 29 in their annual survey of "The World's 50 Most Influential Figures" in the year 2010.<ref name="htanna">{{cite web|title=Sonia Gandhi – 50 People Who Matter 2010|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/international-politics/2010/09/mother-superior-sonia-gandhi|work=New Statesman|access-date=4 October 2010}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Name !! Awarding organisation !! Ref.
|-
| 2008
| Honorary Doctorate (Literature)
| [[University of Madras]]
|<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Chennai/Madras-University-honours-Manmohan-Sonia/Article1-335989.aspx | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130705144625/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Chennai/Madras-University-honours-Manmohan-Sonia/Article1-335989.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 July 2013|title=Madras University honours Manmohan, Sonia|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|location=Chennai|date=6 September 2008|access-date=5 July 2013|author=M. R. Venkatesh}}</ref>
|-
| 2006
| [[Order of Leopold (Belgium)|Order of King Leopold]]
| Government of Belgium
|<ref name="Belgium honours Sonia Gandhi">{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report_top-belgium-honours-for-sonia-gandhi_1063591|title=Belgium honours Sonia Gandhi |work=Daily News and Analysis|date=12 November 2006 |location=India|access-date=9 June 2011}}</ref>
|-
| 2006
| Honorary Doctorate
| [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]] (Brussels University)
|<ref name="Belgium honours Sonia Gandhi"/><ref name="Belgium Sonia Gandhi">{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/belgium-to-honour-sonia-gandhi/story-gDDOpa5kqsKf3jLnyhr7sK.html|title=Belgium to honour Sonia Gandhi|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=11 November 2006|location=India|access-date=5 November 2018}}</ref><ref name="Vrije Universiteit Brussel Sonia Gandhi">{{cite web|url=http://www.vub.ac.be/dhc/profiel/sonia-gandhi|title=Sonia Gandhi: Vrije Universiteit Brussel|work=[[Vrije Universiteit Brussel ]]|location=India|access-date=5 November 2018}}</ref>
|}

==Books featuring Sonia Gandhi==

* ''Sonia Gandhi – An Extraordinary Life, An Indian Destiny'' (2011), a biography written by Rani Singh.
* ''Sonia Gandhi: Tryst with India'' by Nurul Islam Sarkar.
* ''[[The Red Sari|The Red Sari: A Dramatized Biography of Sonia Gandhi]]'' (''El Sari Rojo'') by [[Javier Moro]]
* ''Sonia: A Biography'' by Rasheed Kidwai<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?240130 |title=Arbiter at the Gates | Sheela Reddy |publisher=Outlookindia.com |access-date=11 March 2014}}</ref>
* ''[[The Accidental Prime Minister]]'' by [[Sanjaya Baru]], 2014

==See also==
* [[List of political families]]
* [[List of Italians]]

==References==
=== Notes ===
{{notelist|30em}}

=== Citations ===
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Further reading==
{{Refbegin}}
* S. R. et al. Vakshi (1998) ''Sonia Gandhi, The President of AICC'' South Asia Books. {{ISBN|81-7024-988-0}}
* Rupa Chaterjee (1999) ''Sonia Gandhi: The Lady in Shadow'' Butala. {{ISBN|81-87277-02-5}}
* C. Rupa, Rupa Chaterjee (2000) ''Sonia Mystique'' South Asia Books. {{ISBN|81-85870-24-1}}
* Moro, Javier "El sari rojo" (Ed. Seix Barral, 2008) "Il sari rosso" (Il Saggiatore, 2009)
{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Sonia Gandhi}}
* [http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=130 Profile] at [[Lok Sabha]], Parliament of India
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170812225208/http://inc.in/organization/996/profile Official page on Indian National Congress website]

{{s-start}}
{{s-ppo}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Sitaram Kesri]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=President of the [[Indian National Congress]]|years=1998–2017}}
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V. K. Sassikala

2022-04-10T08:26:41Z

Snthilakammarist: /* Notes */

{{Short description|Indian Busness woman turned politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = V. K. Sassikala
| image =
| caption =
|office = President Of [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]] |term_start = 12 March 2022 | office1 = General secretary of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| term_start1 = {{Start date|2016|12|29|df=yes}}
| term_end1 = 12 September 2017<ref name="sasioust" />
| predecessor1 = [[J. Jayalalithaa]]
| successor1 = ''Position abolished''

| birth_name = Vivekanandan Krishnaveni Sasikala
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1954|08|18|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Thiruthuraipoondi]], [[Thiruvarur]], [[Madras State]] (present day [[Tamil Nadu]]), India 
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| nickname ={{hlist|Puratchi Thaai|Chinnamma|Singa Thaaragai}}
| website ={{url|http://puratchithaai.com/}}
| spouse = {{Marriage|[[Draft:M.Natarajan|M. Natarajan]]|1973|2018|end=death}}
| parents = {{Unbulleted_list|Vivekanandan Saluvar|Krishnaveni}}
| relatives =
}}
'''Vivekanandan Krishnaveni Sassikala''' {{efn|In 2001 Sasikala appended an additional letter "s" to her name for [[numerological]] reasons.<ref>{{cite news |author= |url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/2001/06/18/name.html |archive-url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/2001/06/18/name.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 18 2001 |title=நியூமராலஜி படி பெயர் மாற்றிய ஜெ.-சசி |date=June 18 2001|newspaper=[[Oneindia Tamil]] |access-date=June 18 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/sassikala-springs-tansi-plot/cid/867014 |title=Sassikala springs Tansi plot |author=R. Venkatraman|work=Telegram Online |access-date=September 25 2002 |archive-url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/sassikala-springs-tansi-plot/cid/867014 |archive-date=September 25 2002 |url-status=dead }}. May 2009.</ref>}} (born 18 August 1954), also known Sasikala Natarajan and VKS, is an Indian businesswoman and politician who serving as the first and current president of the [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]] (AMMK),a Dravidian party whose cadre revered her as their "Chinnamma" (Mother's sister) "Puratchi Thaai" (Revolutionary mother). She was a close friend of [[J. Jayalalithaa]], the late [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]], who headed the AIADMK from 1989 until her death in 2016. After Jayalalithaa's death, the party's general council elected her as the secretary general of AIADMK. She Was removed her from the post on 20 August 2017.She was selected as ammk president on 2022.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2016/dec/29/aiadmk-unanimously-elects-sasikala-as-the-party-general-secretary-1554145--1.html | title=AIADMK unanimously elects Sasikala as the party general secretary | newspaper=[[New Indian Express]] | date=29 December 2016 | accessdate=19 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/sasikala-has-accepted-aiadmk-general-secretary-post-paneerselvam-says/articleshow/56233725.cms | title=Sasikala has accepted AIADMK general secretary post, Paneerselvam says | publisher=[[The Times of India]] | work=Julie Mariappan | date=29 December 2016 | accessdate=19 December 2017}}</ref>

Sassikala was backbone for J Jayalalithaa. On 14 February 2017, a two-bench Supreme Court jury pronounced her guilty and ordered her immediate arrest in a disproportionate-assets case, effectively ending her chief ministerial ambitions. She was released in January 2021, and announced that till Tamilnadu General Election 2021 she will be calm for the good for the AIADMK party, but 2022,Sassikala was selected president of ammk.

== Early life ==
Sasikala was born in a Tamil family from [[Chennai]] who later moved to [[Mannargudi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/female-don-how-vk-sasikala-and-mannargudi-mafia-strengtherned-their-clout/story-qPqGAe7vBZ4HbUqwRIJWpL.html|title=How Sasikala and 'Mannargudi mafia' strengthened clout in Tamil Nadu power play}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The rise of Chinnamma|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20170220-sasikala-chinnamma-panneerselvam-aiadmk-jayalalithaa-985733-2017-02-11|access-date=2020-12-04|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> Her marriage to M. Natarajan was presided over by [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] leader [[Karunanidhi|M. Karunanidhi]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.catchnews.com/politics-news/importance-of-being-sasikala-will-jayalalithaa-s-confidante-be-her-heir-1481032645.html |title=Importance of being Sasikala: Will Jayalalithaa's confidante be her heir? |author=Akash Bisht |publisher=CatchNews |date=6 December 2016 }}</ref> Her husband, was a public relations officer in the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]], who worked closely with the [[District Collector]] of [[Cuddalore district|Cuddalore]], [[V. S. Chandralekha]], who in turn was very close to Tamil Nadu Chief Minister [[M. G. Ramachandran]]. This helped Sasikala in gaining the friendship of [[Jayalalithaa]] and shaped her further life.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Singh|first1=Raj|title=The complete story of Jayalalithaa and Sasikala Natarajan|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/politics/national/the-complete-story-of-jayalalithaa-and-sasikala-natarajan-12762.html?page=3|website=indiatvnews.com|publisher=India TV News|access-date=2014-07-07}}</ref>. == Career ==
=== Early career ===
In the early 1980s, through [[V. S. Chandralekha]], who was then the [[District Collector]] of [[South Arcot]], and a friend of [[Draft:M.Natarajan|M.Natarajan]], Sassikala gained acquaintance with Jayalalithaa, who was then the Propaganda Secretary of the [[AIADMK]]. Since Sassikala helped in video coverage of party meetings and distribution of policies of AIADMK through CD's, Sassikala and Jayalalithaa gradually became very close.<ref>{{cite news|title=The many homes of Sasikala Natarajan|date=12 July 1996|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1996/0712shob.htm|first=Shobha|last=Warrier|work=Rediff}}</ref> After MGR's Death Sassikala Only with Jayalalitha.After, JJ Become General Secretary Of Aiadmk And Chief Minister Of Tamil Nadu, Sassikala Become a Powercentre.Jayalalithaa indulged in public displays of wealth, culminating in a lavish wedding for her foster son VN Sudhakaran (VK Sassikala's elder sister son) in 1995. In the 1996 election,AIADMK defeated ;The new Karunanidhi government filed several corruption cases against her and JJ.In June 20, 1996,Sassikala Was arrested for some cases,she had to spend 1 year in jail.in 1997 she was realsed.In 1999,Jayalalithaa appeared in an episode of Rendezvous with Simi Garewal,She tells 'Sassikala Will My Second Mother'.In 2001,Jayalalithaa was disqualified from holding office and forced ,Sassikala Was Suggested [[O. Panneerselvam]] as Chief Minister.In 2006,Sassikala Become Aiadmk General Council Member.
=== Temporary expulsion from AIADMK ===
27 August 1996, Jayalalitha Expelled his long time- associate Sassikala And quoted,'I and Sassikala no longer have any relationship I am most indebted to my friend for giving me spiritual prosperity and love during my difficult times. But I feel that the party is more important than a few individuals as I am compelled to stay away from Sassikala and Sudhakaran completely from you if the party members change'.After 1997 July Sassikala Relesed She Said,“Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Karunanidhi and Union Finance Minister P. Chidambaram acted to seek revenge on Sassikala. He was retaliated against for the sole reason that Sassikala was close to me. Sassikala was not the cause of the 1996 election defeat. I had to break up with Sassikala, who had been with me during the ups and downs of my life, because of issues raised by my opponents within the party. ”On 19 December 2011, Jayalalithaa expelled Sassikala and 13 others including Sassikala's husband [[Draft:M.Natarajan|M. Natarajan]], [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]], their relatives, and Jayalalithaa's foster son V. N. Sudhakaran from the AIADMK.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/jaya-expels-close-aide-sasikala-husband-from-aiadmk/889588/ | title=Jaya expels close aide Sasikala, husband from AIADMK | work=IndianExpress | date=19 December 2011 | access-date=2011-12-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title='I don't know for how many days Sasikala's expulsion will last'|work=Rediff|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-i-dont-know-how-many-days-the-expulsion-will-last-chandralekha/20111222.htm|date=22 December 2011|first=Shobha|last=Warrier}}</ref> This act of Jayalalithaa was considered a way to prove that she was not under the influence of Sassikala and her family. The matter was resolved by 31 March 2012, when Sassikala was reinstated as a party member after issuing a written apology.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article371374.ece |title=Sasikala back at Poes Garden |newspaper=The New Indian Express |date=3 April 2012 |access-date=2013-11-10}}</ref>
=== General Secretary of AIADMK ===
In a meeting held on 29 December 2016 – the first meeting after Jayalalithaa's death on 5 December 2016 – the AIADMK general council selected Sassikala as the party's general secretary.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/V.K.-Sasikala-appointed-as-AIADMK-general-secretary/article16957866.ece |title= V.K. Sasikala appointed as AIADMK general secretary |newspaper=The Hindu |date=29 December 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thequint.com/india/2016/12/31/spent-33-years-looking-after-amma-sasikala-first-public-speech-aiadmk-jayalalithaa-tamil-nadu-chennai |title=Spent 33 Years Looking After Amma: Sasikala's First Public Speech |work=The Quint|date=31 December 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/vk-sasikala-asked-to-explain-her-appointment-as-general-secretary-in-aiadmk-1660722|title=VK Sasikala Asked To Explain Her Appointment As General Secretary In AIADMK|publisher=NDTV.com|access-date=2017-02-19}}</ref>
=== Chief Minister Elect of Tamil Nadu ===
On 5 February 2017, Sassikala was unanimously elected as the AIADMK Legislature Party Leader by a meeting of all the MLAs in the party.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/sasikala-set-to-become-tamil-nadu-chief-minister/article17197392.ece1?google_editors_picks=true|title=Sasikala set to become Tamil Nadu Chief Minister|last=Jesudasan|first=Dennis S.|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-02-27|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/sasikala-natarajan-appointed-legislative-party-leader-of-aiadmk-tamil-nadu-chennai-chief-minister/|title=Sasikala Natarajan appointed as Legislature Party Leader, set to become Chief Minister}}</ref>
Tamil Nadu Governor [[Ch. Vidyasagar Rao]] accepted the resignation of Chief Minister [[O. Panneerselvam]] on 6 February 2017, and instructed him to continue to function as acting Chief Minister "until alternate arrangements are made". The Governor delayed announcing VK Sassikala as the new Chief Minister, waiting for the verdict of the disproportionate assets case on her. On February 14, 2017, VK Sassikala was convicted and sentenced to 4 years sentence in [[Bengaluru]]'s Parappana Agrahara Jail and gave her 24 hours to surrender. The governor, then rejected her claims to become Chief Minister. VK Sassikala then convened the party's MLA council in her capacity as the General Secretary. There,She announced [[Edappadi K. Palanisamy]] was unanimously appointed as the new Chief Minister and he was sworn in the next day.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/tn-governor-accepts-resignation-of-cm-o-panneerselvam-and-his-council-of-ministers/article9523821.ece|title=Governor accepts CMs resignation|website=[[Business Line]]|publisher=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
=== Expulsion ===
On August 21, 2017, it was reported that the AIADMK faction loyal to Chief Minister [[Edappadi K. Palaniswami]], had decided to merge with the faction of [[O. Panneerselvam]], and expel Sassikala as the General Secretary as it was one of the key demands for the merger.<ref name="ccc">{{cite web |title=Sasikala to be expelled from AIADMK, OPS settles for deputy CM |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/sasikala-be-expelled-aiadmk-ops-settles-deputy-cm-67147 |website=The News Minute |access-date=1 December 2018 |date=21 August 2017}}</ref> It was reported on August 28 that Sassikala had been expelled during a party meeting,<ref>{{cite web |last1=NARASIMHAN |first1=T. E. |title=Ruling AIADMK expels Sasikala & Dhinakaran, plans to retrieve Jaya TV |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/ruling-aiadmk-expels-sasikala-dhinakaran-plans-to-retrieve-jaya-tv-117082800333_1.html |website=Business Standard India |date=28 August 2017}}</ref> but this was later clarified to be not true. Among the resolutions passed, the AIADMK declared that Sassikala's appointment as general secretary was disputable and as such, T. T. V. Dhinakaran's appointment as deputy general secretary, as well as his decisions were cancelled. It also decided to celebrate [[M. G. Ramachandran]]'s birth centenary in a lavish manner and keep the party united.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Madhav |first1=Pramodh |title=Sasikala still not expelled after meeting of merged AIADMK factions |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/aiadmk-edappadi-k-palaniswami-o-panneerselvam-resolutions-vk-sasikala-ttv-dinakaran-tamil-nadu-1033064-2017-08-28 |website=India Today |date=28 August 2017}}</ref>

On September 12, the AIADMK general council decided to cancel Sassikala's appointment as general secretary and expelled her from the party, though officials appointed to party posts by her were allowed to continue discharging their functions. Instead, the late J. Jayalalithaa was named the eternal general secretary of AIADMK.<ref name="sasioust">{{cite web |title=AIADMK sacks Sasikala, says Jaya is 'eternal general secretary' |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/120917/sasikala-is-expelled-announces-aiadmk-after-general-council-meet.html |website=Deccan Chronicle|date=12 September 2017}}</ref>
===Re-entering in politics===
The expulsion of Sassikala and her family led to the new parties in 2018 [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]] And Anna Dravidar Kazhagam,[[Anna Mgr Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam]]. [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran|T.T.V.Dhinakaran]] And V.K.Dhivakaran,[[T.T.V.Bhasakar]] was the general secretaries of that parties.<ref name="DMK">{{cite web |title=T.T.V. Dhinakaran launches Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/ttv-dhinakaran-announces-party-name/article23250847./amp/|website=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref>

After being released from jail, Sassikala announced her intention to return to active politics in February 2021. On March 3 however, she announced her decision to quit politics.<ref>{{cite web |title=V K Sasikala says she is quitting politics ahead of Tamil Nadu polls|url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/v-k-sasikala-says-she-is-quitting-politics-ahead-of-tamil-nadu-polls-11614787477346.html |website=Livemint |language=en}}</ref> After that, Sassikala, who was talking to her supporters on her cell phone, went to the memorial of J.Jayalalithaa on October 16, 2021 and started a week-long political tour after paying tribute.She Was Become Ammk president in 2022.
== Conviction ==
{{Main|Disproportionate assets case against Jayalalithaa}}
On 14 February 2017, the [[Supreme Court of India]] found Sassikala and her co-accused — Ilavarasi (her sister-in-law) and V. N. Sudhakaran (her nephew) — guilty of conspiring, laundering and amassing illicit wealth worth about {{INRConvert|66.44|c|year=1996}} in the 1990s in a criminal conspiracy with Jayalalithaa. The three were sentenced to a four-year jail term.<ref name="shell">{{Cite news|last1=Ushinor|first1=Majumdar|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/what-the-sc-said-about-jayalalithaa-she-was-the-source-of-funds-for-shell-compan/297959|title=What The SC Said About Jayalalithaa: She Was The Source Of Funds For Shell Companies|newspaper=[[Outlook India]]|access-date=2017-02-15}}</ref> This restored ''[[in toto]]'' her earlier conviction in the case<ref name="toto">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Jayalalithaa-Sasikala-criminally-conspired-at-Poes-Garden-to-launder-ill-gotten-wealth-SC/article17301596.ece|title=Jayalalithaa, Sasikala criminally conspired at Poes Garden to launder ill-gotten wealth: SC|last=Rajagopal|first=Krishnadas|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2017-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214124736/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Jayalalithaa-Sasikala-criminally-conspired-at-Poes-Garden-to-launder-ill-gotten-wealth-SC/article17301596.ece|archive-date=14 February 2017|location=[[New Delhi]]}}</ref> delivered on 27 September 2014,<ref name="original">{{cite news|title=Justice John D'Cunha: The no-nonsense judge who convicted Jayalalithaa|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/justice-john-dcunha-the-no-nonsense-judge-who-convicted-jayalalithaa-1732877.html|access-date=2017-02-26|work=[[Firstpost]]|date=29 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807225107/http://www.firstpost.com/india/justice-john-dcunha-the-no-nonsense-judge-who-convicted-jayalalithaa-1732877.html|archive-date=7 August 2016|location=[[Bangalore]]}}</ref> sentencing a four-year jail term to her and her relatives, in addition to imposing a fine of {{INRConvert|10|c}} each.<ref name="cunha">{{cite news|last1=Prathima|first1=Nandakumar|title=Justice D'Cunha: A no-nonsense judge who convicted Jayalalithaa, Sasikala in 2014|url=http://www.theweek.in/news/india/justice-d-cunha-jayalalithaa-sasikala-da-case.html|access-date=2017-02-26|work=[[The Week (India)|The Week]]|date=15 February 2017|archive-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215062812/http://www.theweek.in/news/india/justice-d-cunha-jayalalithaa-sasikala-da-case.html}}</ref> The judgment stipulated that she and her accomplices would serve an additional 12 months in prison if they failed to pay the fine.<ref name="judgement">{{cite web|last1=Pinaki Chandra Ghose|last2=Amitava Roy|title=Crl.A.Nos.300–303 of 2017 etc. State of Karnataka Vs. Selvi J.Jayalalitha and Ors. (Judgment in Disproportionate Assets Case) [PDF] – 14-02-2017|url=http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/FileServer/2017-02-14_1487056122.pdf|website=[[Supreme Court of India]]|access-date=2017-02-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227132148/http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/FileServer/2017-02-14_1487056122.pdf|archive-date=27 February 2017|page=70|date=14 February 2017|author1-link=Pinaki Chandra Ghose|author2-link=Amitava Roy}}</ref>

The Supreme Court refused her plea to surrender after a fortnight and to be allowed to have food from home,<ref name="down">{{cite news|title=Sasikala surrenders in Bengaluru, sent to jail|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/sasikala-surrenders-in-bengaluru-sent-to-jail/364491.html|access-date=2017-02-27|work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]|date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218204644/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/sasikala-surrenders-in-bengaluru-sent-to-jail/364491.html|archive-date=18 February 2017|location=[[Chennai]]/[[Bengaluru]]}}</ref> so Sassikala and Ilavarasi presented themselves for imprisonment on 15 February 2017.<ref name="surrender">{{cite news|title=V K Sasikala surrenders in Bengaluru court|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/sasikala-leaves-for-bengaluru-to-surrender-in-court/article9544368.ece|access-date=2017-02-27|work=[[Business Line]]|agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]|publisher=[[The Hindu]]|date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227114808/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/sasikala-leaves-for-bengaluru-to-surrender-in-court/article9544368.ece|archive-date=27 February 2017|location=[[Chennai]]}}</ref> She was released on 27 January 2021 after completion of her term, though being kept at [[Victoria Hospital (Bangalore Medical College)|Victoria Hospital]] for treatment of [[COVID-19]].<ref>{{cite news|title=V.K. Sasikala released from prison after serving 4-year term|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/vk-sasikala-aide-of-the-former-tn-cm-late-jayalalithaa-released-from-prison-after-serving-4-year-jail-term/article33673396.ece|access-date=2021-03-03|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=27 January 2021|location=[[Bangalore]]}}</ref>
==In Popular Culture==
In [[Queen (web series)|Queen Web Series]] Directed By [[Gautham Vasudev Menon|Gautham Meon]] [[Viji Chandrasekhar]] Played a Role 'Suryakala' (2019).Also In [[Thalaivii|Thalaivi]] Movie Directed By [[A. L. Vijay|AL Vijay]] [[Shamna Kasim]] Played a Role 'Sasi' (2021). First In Thalaivi Movie [[Priyamani]] And [[Sai Pallavi]] was considered for the role of Sassikala.Titled The Iron Lady, Director Priyadhaarshini,the assistant director of [[Mysskin]].[[Nithya Menen]] was signed on to play the Jayalalitha's role, while [[Aishwarya Rajesh]] and [[Varalaxmi Sarathkumar]] were in talks for a role for the character of Sassikala.Sasilalitha,Director K Jagadeswara Reddy [[Kajol]] and [[Amala Paul]] to play Jayalalithaa and Sassikala.

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sasikala, V. K.}}
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Tiruvarur district]]
[[Category:Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Indian prisoners and detainees]]
[[Category:Women in Tamil Nadu politics]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Indian politicians convicted of corruption]]
[[Category:Indian politicians disqualified from office]]
[[Category:Indian money launderers]]
[[Category:Criminals from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Businesswomen from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian politicians convicted of crimes]]

J. Jayalalithaa

2022-04-10T08:25:15Z

Snthilakammarist:

{{short description|Indian politician and actress, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu (1948–2016)}}
{{Indian name|Jayalalithaa|Jayaram}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = J. Jayalalithaa
| image = J Jayalalithaa.jpg
| caption = Jayalalithaa in August 2015
| office = 5th [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]]
| term_start = 23 May 2015
| term_end = 5 December 2016
| governor = {{ubl|[[Konijeti Rosaiah]]|[[C. Vidyasagar Rao]] (Additional Charge)}}
| predecessor = [[O. Panneerselvam]]
| successor = [[O. Panneerselvam]]
| constituency = [[Radhakrishnan Nagar]]
| term_start1 = 16 May 2011
| term_end1 = 27 September 2014
| governor1 = {{ubl|[[Surjit Singh Barnala]]|[[Konijeti Rosaiah]]}}
| predecessor1 = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| successor1 = [[O. Panneerselvam]]
| constituency1 = [[Srirangam (state assembly constituency)|Srirangam]]
| term_start2 = 2 March 2002
| term_end2 = 12 May 2006
| governor2 = {{ubl|[[P. S. Ramamohan Rao]]|[[Surjit Singh Barnala]]}}
| predecessor2 = [[O. Panneerselvam]]
| successor2 = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| constituency2 = [[Andipatti (state assembly constituency)|Andipatti]]
| term_start3 = 14 May 2001
| term_end3 = 21 September 2001
| governor3 = {{ubl|[[Fathima Beevi]]|[[C. Rangarajan]] (Additional Charge)}}
| predecessor3 = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| successor3 = [[O. Panneerselvam]]
| constituency3 = ''Did not contest''
| term_start4 = 24 June 1991
| term_end4 = 12 May 1996
| governor4 = {{ubl|[[Bhishma Narain Singh]]|[[Marri Chenna Reddy]]}}
| predecessor4 = [[President's rule]]
| successor4 = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| constituency4 = [[Bargur (state assembly constituency)|Bargur]]
| office5 = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| term_start5 = 3 April 1984
| term_end5 = 28 January 1989
| 1blankname5 = Leader of the House
| 1namedata5 = {{ubl|[[Pranab Mukherjee]]|[[Vishwanath Pratap Singh]]|[[N. D. Tiwari]]|[[P. Shiv Shankar]]}}
| predecessor5 = [[Sathyavani Muthu]]
| successor5 = [[Tha. Kiruttinan]]
| constituency5 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| office6 = [[Leader of the Opposition]] in the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start6 = 29 May 2006
| term_end6 = 14 May 2011
| 1blankname6 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata6 = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| predecessor6 = [[O. Panneerselvam]]
| successor6 = [[Vijayakanth|Vijayakant]]
| constituency6 = [[Andipatti (state assembly constituency)|Andipatti]]
| 1blankname7 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata7 = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| term_start7 = 9 February 1989
| term_end7 = 30 November 1989
| predecessor7 = [[O. Subramanian]]
| successor7 = [[S. R. Eradha]]
| constituency7 = [[Bodinayakkanur (state assembly constituency)|Bodinayakkanur]]
| office8 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start8 = 4 July 2015
| term_end8 = 5 December 2016
| 1blankname8 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata8 = ''Herself''
| predecessor8 = [[P. Vetrivel]]
| successor8 = [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]]
| constituency8 = [[Radhakrishnan Nagar]]
| term_start9 = 23 May 2011
| term_end9 = 27 September 2014
| 1blankname9 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata9 = ''Herself''
| predecessor9 = [[M. Paranjothi]]
| successor9 = [[S. Valarmathi]]
| constituency9 = [[Srirangam (state assembly constituency)|Srirangam]]
| term_start10 = 24 February 2002
| term_end10 = 14 May 2011
| 1blankname10 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata10 = {{ubl|''Herself''|[[M. Karunanidhi]]}}
| predecessor10 = [[Thanga Tamil Selvan]]
| successor10 = [[Thanga Tamil Selvan]]
| constituency10 = [[Andipatti (state assembly constituency)|Andipatti]]
| term_start11 = 1 July 1991
| term_end11 = 12 May 1996
| 1blankname11 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata11 = ''Herself''
| predecessor11 = [[K. R. Rajendran]]
| successor11 = [[E. G. Sugavanam]]
| constituency11 = [[Bargur (state assembly constituency)|Bargur]]
| term_start12 = 6 February 1989
| term_end12 = 30 January 1991
| 1blankname12 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata12 = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| predecessor12 = [[K. S. M. Ramachandran]]
| successor12 = [[V. Panneerselvam]]
| constituency12 = [[Bodinayakkanur (state assembly constituency)|Bodinayakkanur]]
| office13 = General Secretary of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| term_start13 = 9 February 1989
| term_end13 = 5 December 2016
| 1blankname13 = Inaugural Holder
| 1namedata13 = [[M. G. Ramachandran]]
| predecessor13 = S. Raghavanandam
| successor13 = [[V. K. Sassikala]]
| office14 = [[Ministry of propaganda|Propaganda Secretary]] of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| term_start14 = 1983
| term_end14 = 1984
| 1blankname14 = Party President
| 1namedata14 = [[M. G. Ramachandran]]
| 2blankname14 = General Secretary
| 2namedata14 = [[P. U. Shanmugam]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1948|02|24}}
| birth_place = [[Melukote]], [[Mysore State]], [[Dominion of India]] (present day [[Karnataka]], [[India]])
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2016|12|05|1948|02|24|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| death_cause = [[Cardiac Arrest]]
| resting_place = [[MGR Memorial|Puratchi Thalaivi Jayalalithaa Ninaividam]]
| party = [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] [[File:AIADMK Two Leaves.png|28x28px]]
| relatives = [[Deepa Jayakumar]] (niece)
| residence = Veda Nilayam 81, Poes Garden, [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| alma_mater = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Bishop Cotton Girls' School]]|[[Sacred Heart Matriculation School|Church Park Presentation Convent]]|[[Stella Maris College, Chennai]]}}
| profession = {{hlist|Film actress|writer|politician|philanthropist}}
| awards = * [[Honorary Doctorate]] (1991)
* [[Kalaimamani]] (1972)
| signature = Jayalalithaa Signature.svg
| nickname = ''Amma'', ''Puratchi Thalaivi'', ''Thanga Thaaragai'', ''Kalai Selvi''
}}

'''Jayaram Jayalalithaa'''{{efn|In 2000 Jayalalitha appended an additional letter "a" to her name for [[numerological]] reasons.<ref>{{cite news |author=[[Shashi Tharoor]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mag/2001/12/23/stories/2001122300310300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020328012141/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/mag/2001/12/23/stories/2001122300310300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 March 2002 |title='Scrabble' in real life |date=23 December 2001|newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=23 December 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tehelka.com/2009/05/chasing-the-poll-stars/ |title=Chasing The Poll Stars |author=Tusha Mittal|work=Tehelka |access-date=9 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821172959/http://www.tehelka.com/2009/05/chasing-the-poll-stars/ |archive-date=21 August 2017 |url-status=dead }}. May 2009.</ref>}} (24 February 1948 – 5 December 2016) was an Indian politician and film actress who served as the [[chief minister of Tamil Nadu]] for more than fourteen years between 1991 and 2016. From 9 February 1989, she was the general secretary of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK), a [[Dravidian party]] whose cadre revered her as their "''{{lang|ta|Amma}}''" (mother) and "{{lang|ta|'''Puratchi Thalaivi'''}}" (Revolutionary leader).<ref name="puratchithalavi">{{cite news|title=PURATCHI THALAIVI JAYALALITHAA|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/topic/Puratchi-Thalaivi-Jayalalithaa|access-date=18 December 2016|work=indiatimes.com|date=6 December 2016}}</ref> Her critics in the media and the opposition accused her of fostering a [[personality cult]] and of demanding absolute loyalty from AIADMK legislators and ministers, who often publicly [[Prostration|prostrated]] themselves before her.<ref name="outlook20110321" />

Jayalalithaa first came into prominence as a leading film actress in the mid-1960s. Though she had entered the profession reluctantly, upon the urging of her mother to support the family, Jayalalithaa worked prolifically. She appeared in [[Jayalalithaa filmography|140 films]] between 1961 and 1980, primarily in the [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]], [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] and [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]] languages. Jayalalithaa received praise for her versatility as an actress and for her dancing skills, earning the sobriquet "Queen of Tamil Cinema".<ref name="jjte">{{cite news|title=Jayalalithaa death: Telugu stars mourn Amma's loss!|url=http://zeenews.india.com/regional/jayalalithaa-death-telugu-stars-mourn-ammas-loss_1956451.html|access-date=18 December 2016|work=[[Zee News]]|date=6 December 2016}}</ref> Among her frequent co-stars was [[M. G. Ramachandran]], popularly known as M.G.R, a Tamil [[cultural icon]] who leveraged his immense popularity with the masses into a successful political career. In 1982, when M.G.R was chief minister, Jayalalithaa joined the AIADMK, the party he founded. Her political rise was rapid; within a few years she became AIADMK propaganda secretary and was elected to the [[Rajya Sabha]], the [[upper house]] of [[India's Parliament]]. After M.G.R's death in 1987, Jayalalithaa proclaimed herself his political heir and, having fought off the faction headed by [[V. N. Janaki Ramachandran]], M.G.R's widow, emerged as the sole leader of the AIADMK. Following the [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989 election]], she became Leader of the Opposition to the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]-led government headed by [[M. Karunanidhi]], her ''bête noire''.

In [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]] Jayalalithaa became chief minister, Tamil Nadu's youngest, for the first time. She earned a reputation for centralizing state power among a coterie of bureaucrats; her [[Tamil Nadu Council of Ministers|council of ministers]], whom she often shuffled around, were largely ceremonial in nature. The successful cradle-baby scheme, which enabled mothers to anonymously offer their newborns for adoption, emerged during this time. Despite an official salary of only a rupee a month, Jayalalithaa indulged in public displays of wealth, culminating in a lavish wedding for her foster son in 1995. In the [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996 election]], the [[AIADMK]] was nearly wiped out at the hustings; Jayalalithaa herself lost her seat. The new [[Karunanidhi]] government filed several corruption cases against her, and she had to spend time in jail. Her fortunes revived in the [[Indian general election, 1998 (Tamil Nadu)|1998 general election]], as the AIADMK became a key component of Prime Minister [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]'s 1998–99 government; her withdrawal of support toppled it and triggered [[1999 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu|another general election]] just a year later.

The AIADMK returned to power in [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]], although Jayalalithaa was personally disbarred from contesting due to the corruption cases. Within a few months of her taking oath as chief minister, in September 2001, she was disqualified from holding office and forced to cede the chair to aide [[O. Panneerselvam]]. Upon her acquittal six months later, Jayalalithaa returned as chief minister to complete her term. Noted for its ruthlessness to political opponents, many of whom were arrested in midnight raids, her government grew unpopular. Another period (2006–11) in the opposition followed, before Jayalalithaa was sworn in as chief minister for the fourth time after the AIADMK swept the [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011 assembly election]]. Her government received attention for its extensive social-welfare agenda, which included several subsidized {{lang|ta|"Amma"}}-branded goods such as canteens, bottled water, salt and cement. Three years into her tenure, she was convicted in a [[Disproportionate assets case against Jayalalithaa|disproportionate-assets case]], rendering her disqualified to hold office. She returned as chief minister after being acquitted in May 2015. In the [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016 assembly election]], she became the first Tamil Nadu chief minister since M.G.R in 1984 to be voted back into office. That September, she fell severely ill and, following 75 days of hospitalization, died on 5 December 2016 due to cardiac arrest and became the first female chief minister in India to die in office.

On 29 May 2020, Jayalalithaa's nephew J. Deepak and niece [[Deepa Jayakumar]] were declared as her legal heirs by [[Madras High Court]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/jayalalithaa-s-niece-and-nephew-declared-legal-heirs-can-claim-her-properties-125374|title=Jayalalithaa’s niece and nephew declared legal heirs, can claim her properties|date=27 May 2020|website=The News Minute}}</ref>

== Early life, education and family ==
Jayalalithaa was born on 24 February 1948 as Komalavalli after her grandmother at [[Melukote]], [[Pandavapura]] taluk, [[Mandya]] district, then in [[Mysore State]] (now [[Karnataka]]) to Jayaram and Vedavalli (Sandhya) in a [[Tamils|Tamil]] [[Brahmin]] [[Iyengar]] family.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jayalalithaa Jayaram Biography – About family, political life, awards won, history |url=https://www.elections.in/political-leaders/jayalalithaa-jayaram.html |website=Elections in India |access-date=24 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/why-j-jayalalithaa-was-buried-and-not-cremated/articleshow/55838340.cms|title=Why J Jayalalithaa was buried and not cremated|work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=7 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=IANS|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-in-school-her-name-was-komalavalli-1028237|title=In school her name was Komalavalli|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|date=7 May 2006 |access-date=11 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Babu|first=T. E. Narasimhan & Gireesh|date=2016-12-06|title=Jayalalithaa dead at 68: How Komalavalli became the 'Iron Lady' of Tamil Nadu|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/jayalalithaa-dead-at-68-how-komalavalli-became-the-iron-lady-of-tamil-nadu-116120500945_1.html|access-date=2021-06-10}}</ref>

She was fluent in several languages, including Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, [[Hindi]], Malayalam and English.<ref>{{cite news|agency=IANS |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1872517.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629122520/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1872517.cms |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 June 2013 |title=Jayalalithaa to debut in Hindi for campaigns |newspaper=The Economic Times |date=8 April 2007 |access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> She spoke with actress Saroja Devi in Kannada regularly as they were close friends and would talk to each other only in Kannada. She often conversed with Karnataka Chief ministers in Kannada. Basavaraja Bommayi, the former irrigation minister of Karnataka said, “I was astonished by her Kannada slang and fluency.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/south/jayalalithaa-love-for-kannada-language|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027101411/https://newsable.asianetnews.com/south/jayalalithaa-love-for-kannada-language|url-status=dead|archive-date=2020-10-27|title=Jayalalithaa’s deep love for Kannada will surprise you|date=27 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-12-06|title=Proud Tamilian born in Karnataka, Jayalalithaa had a long history with Kannadiga activists|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/proud-tamilian-born-karnataka-jayalalithaa-had-long-history-kannadiga-activists-53889|access-date=2021-06-11|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref>

The name Jayalalithaa was adopted at the age of one for the purpose of using the name in school and colleges. It was derived from the names of two houses where she resided in Mysore. One was "Jaya Vilas" and the other "Lalitha Vilas". Her paternal grandfather, Narasimhan Rengachary, was in the service of the [[Mysore kingdom]] as a surgeon, and served as the court physician to Maharaja [[Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV]] of Mysore. Her maternal grandfather, Rangasamy Iyengar, moved to Mysore from [[Srirangam]] to work with [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]]. He had one son and three daughters—Ambujavalli, Vedavalli and Padmavalli. Vedavalli was married to Jayaram son of Narasimhan Rengachary. The couple Jayaram-Vedvalli had two children: a son Jayakumar and a daughter, Jayalalitha.<ref name="thehansindia">{{cite news|last1=Chandrakanth|first1=W|title=A never-say-die leader|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/National/2016-12-06/A-never-say-die-leader/267247|access-date=11 December 2016|work=[[The Hans India]]|date=6 December 2016}}</ref> Her mother, her relatives and later co-stars and friends referred to her as Ammu.<ref>{{cite news|last=Babu|first=Venkatesha|title=Ammu to Amma: The life and times of Jayalalithaa Jayaraman|url=http://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/ammu-to-amma-the-life-and-times-of-jayalalithaa-jayaraman/story/241781.html|website=Business Today|date=6 December 2016|access-date=9 December 2016}}</ref>

Jayalalithaa's father, Jayaram, was a lawyer but never worked and squandered most of the family's wealth. He died when Jayalalithaa was two years old. The widowed Vedavalli returned to her father's home in [[Bengaluru|Bangalore]] in 1950.<ref name="outlook20110321">{{cite web |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/the-road-to-ammahood/270858|website=Outlook India |title=The Road To Ammahood |date=21 March 2011 |first=Sugata |last=Srinivasaraju|access-date=11 December 2016}}</ref> Vedavalli learnt shorthand and typewriting to take up a clerical position to help support the family in 1950. Her younger sister Ambujavalli had moved to Madras, working as an air hostess. She also started acting in drama and films using the screen name Vidyavathy. On the insistence of Ambujavalli, Jayalalithaa's mother Vedavalli also relocated to Madras and stayed with her sister from 1952. Vedavalli worked in a commercial firm in Madras and began dabbling in acting from 1953 under the screen name Sandhya. Jayalalithaa remained under the care of her mother's sister Padmavalli and maternal grandparents from 1950 to 1958 in Mysore.<ref name="outlook20110321"/><ref name="thehansindia"/> While still in Bangalore, Jayalalithaa attended [[Bishop Cotton Girls' School]], [[Bangalore]].<ref name="TNgov">{{cite web |url=http://www.tn.gov.in/tnassembly/assembly2001/archives/jjaya.htm |title=Profile |publisher= Government of Tamil Nadu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303212850/http://tn.gov.in/tnassembly/assembly2001/archives/jjaya.htm |archive-date=3 March 2009|access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> In later interviews, Jayalalithaa spoke emotionally about how she missed her mother growing up in a different city. She had the opportunity to visit her mother during summer holidays.<ref name="thehansindia"/>

After her aunt Padmavalli's marriage in 1958, Jayalalithaa moved to Madras and began to live with her mother. She completed her education at Sacred Heart Matriculation School (popularly known as Church Park Presentation Convent or Presentation Church Park Convent).<ref name="thehansindia"/><ref name="Ironlady">{{cite journal|last=Raman |first=A. S. |date=September 2001 |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2242/is_1628_279/ai_79354002 |title=The Iron Lady of India |journal=The Contemporary Review |access-date=10 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912104146/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2242/is_1628_279/ai_79354002/ |archive-date=12 September 2011 }}</ref>

She excelled at school and was offered a government scholarship to pursue further education.<ref name="TNgov"/> She won Gold State Award for coming first in 10th standard in the state of Tamil Nadu. She joined [[Stella Maris College (Chennai)|Stella Maris College]], [[Chennai]]; however, discontinued her studies due pressure from her mother and became a film actress.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/Stella-Maris-remembers-former-CM/article16791819.ece | title=Stella Maris remembers former CM | newspaper=The Hindu | date=11 December 2016 | access-date=27 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/061216/so-singh-what-do-you-make-of-my-campaign-asked-jaya.html | title=So Singh, what do you make of my campaign, Jaya asked our reporter | publisher=Deccan Chronicle | work=R Bhagwan Singh | date=6 December 2016 | access-date=27 November 2018}}</ref>

The Poes Garden plot was bought by Jayalalithaa and her mother in 1967. Jayalalithaa's mother sandhya died in November 1971 at the age of 47.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/tamil-nadu-poes-garden-controversy-who-s-residence-is-it-anyway/story-HJVC4MGtz7InYigJmtWYwL.html | title=Tamil Nadu: Who's residence is it anyway? Jayalalithaa's Poes Garden lies unoccupied | website=hindustan times | date=25 June 2017}}</ref> Jayalalithaa herself held the ''house warming ceremony'' of her residence ''Veda Nilayam'' (named after her beloved mother Vedavalli alias Sandhya) on May 15, 1972 early in the morning, followed by [[dinner]] and a [[Veena]] recital by classical musician [[Chitti Babu (musician)|Chitti babu]] in the evening.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2019/01/27/was-jayalalithaa-poes-garden-residence-attached-by-it-department.html | title=Is Jayalalithaa's Poes Garden residence under attachment by IT department? | website=The Week | date=27 January 2019}}</ref> Her brother's wedding took place at her Veda Nilayam home in Poes Garden in 1972.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/cover/jayalalithaa-deepa.html | title=JAYA, MY AUNT Inheritance of loss | website=The Week | date=18 December 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/i-am-jayalalithaas-legal-heir-and-i-am-ready-fight-deepa-jayakumar-tnm-54131 |title=I am Jayalalithaa's legal heir and I am ready to fight: Deepa Jayakumar to TNM |publisher=The News Minute |date=10 December 2016 |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> Her brother Jayakumar, his wife Vijayalakshmi and their daughter [[Deepa Jayakumar]] lived in Poes Garden with Jayalalithaa till 1978<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/jayalalithaa-dead-deepa-jayakumar-questions-aunts-death-as-sasikala-readies-to-takeover-aiadmk-3151686.html |title=Jayalalithaa's niece Deepa Jayakumar aims to make things tricky for Sasikala |access-date=13 February 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170219084533/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/jayalalithaa-dead-deepa-jayakumar-questions-aunts-death-as-sasikala-readies-to-takeover-aiadmk-3151686.html |archive-date=19 February 2017 }}</ref> and then moved to T.Nagar Madras at the bungalow 'Sandhya Illam' which was bought by mother of Jayalalithaa.<ref>{{Cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Crowd-continues-to-swell-at-Deepa's-house/article17009933.ece |title = Crowd continues to swell at Deepa's house|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 9 January 2017|last1 = Jesudasan|first1 = Dennis S.}}</ref> Her brother was unhappy with adoption of Sudhakaran, a relative of Sasikala, as foster son of Jayalalithaa.<ref>{{cite news|first=Somak |last=Ghoshal |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2016/12/10/jayalithaas-niece-deepa-jayakumar-challenges-sasikala-to-claim/ |title=Jayalalithaa's Niece Deepa Jayakumar Challenges Sasikala To Claim Her Aunt's Legacy |work=Huffington Post |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref>

Jayalalithaa had adopted [[V. K. Sasikala|Sasikala]]'s nephew Sudhakaran in 1995 and disowned him in 1996.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://newsable.asianetnews.tv/south/son-for-one-year-why-did-jayalalithaa-disown-sudhakaran|title=Son-for-one-year: Why did Jayalalithaa disown foster son Sudhakaran?|newspaper=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|access-date=22 February 2017|language=en}}</ref> Her brother died in 1995 of heart attack.<ref>{{cite web|author=Julie Mariappan |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Niece-I-want-to-see-Jaya-aunt-they-stopped-me-at-the-gates/articleshow/54707118.cms |title=Jayalalithaa health: Jayalalitha News: Niece – I want to see Jaya aunt, they stopped me at the gates |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=6 October 2016 |access-date=5 December 2016}}</ref>

She was fond of having dogs as her pets. But after death of Julie, a [[spitz]], in 1998 she could not bear the loss and hence discontinued keeping pet dogs at her home.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Lesser-known-facets-of-Jayalalithaa/article16762804.ece1|title=Lesser known facets of Jayalalithaa|date=6 December 2016|via=www.thehindu.com|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref>

== Film career ==
{{See also|Jayalalitha filmography}}

=== Early career ===

In Madras (now [[Chennai]]), Jayalalithaa was trained in [[Carnatic music]], western classical piano<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/Lawyers-hail-HC%E2%80%99s-tribute-to-Jayalalithaa/article16788292.ece |title=Lawyers hail HC's tribute to Jayalalithaa |work=The Hindu |date=10 December 2016 |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> and various forms of classical dance, including [[Bharatanatyam]], [[Kuchipudi]], [[Mohiniyattam]], [[Manipuri dance|Manipuri]], [[Kathak]].<ref name=NDTV1>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/people/jayalalithaa-the-amma-of-tamil-nadu-politics-1294266|title=Jayalalithaa, The Amma Of Tamil Nadu Politics|last=Ghosh|first=Deepshikha|website=[[NDTV]]|date=1 April 2016|access-date=11 December 2016}}</ref> She learnt Bharatnatyam and dance forms under K.J.Sarasa.<ref name="sp">{{Cite magazine |last=Ramachandran |first=T. M. |date=23 October 1965 |title=A New Bright Star |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12064/page/n221 |magazine=[[Sport and Pastime]] |volume=19 |pages=50–51}}</ref> She had also learnt Kuchipudi under Padma Bhushan Guru [[Vempati Chinna Satyam|Dr. Vempati Chinna Satyam]]. She became an accomplished dancer and gave her debut dance performance at the Rasika Ranjani Sabha in Mylapore in May 1960.<ref name="BS"/> The Chief Guest at the Arangetram was [[Shivaji Ganesan]], who called her a "thanga silai" (golden statue) and expressed wish that Jayalalithaa becomes a film star in future.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/sivaji-ganesans-wish-12-year-old-jayalalithaa-ended-coming-true-45599 |title=Sivaji Ganesan's wish for 12-year-old Jayalalithaa ended up coming true |publisher=The News Minute |date=28 June 2016 |access-date=5 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/photo-features/what-stars-who-worked-with-jayalalithaa-say/photostory/55848093.cms |title=What stars who worked with Jayalalithaa say! |publisher=timesofindia |date=5 December 2016}}</ref>

While a child, Jayalalithaa acted in the Kannada-language film ''[[Sri Shaila Mahathme]]'' (1961), which had [[Rajkumar (actor)|Rajkumar]] and [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]] in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/did-you-know-/Jayalalitha-has-acted-in-Kannada-movies/articleshow/44752455.cms|title=Jayalilathaa has acted in Kannada|work=The Times of India|access-date=1 February 2016}}</ref> She had been taken to the studio by her mother as she was shooting in the same premises for a different film. While Jayalalithaa was watching the shooting, a problem arose as the child actress playing the [[Goddess Parvathy]] in a school drama scene in the film failed to show up and the producer Neerlahalli Thalikerappa and director Aroor Pattabhi asked Sandhya if Jayalalithaa could be asked to act in the dance sequence. Sandhya agreed and Jayalalithaa was swiftly dressed up as Parvathy and the scene was shot in Sri Shaila Mahatme.<ref name="Khajane">{{cite news|last1=Khajane|first1=Muralidhara|title=Those Kannada days...|url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Those-Kannada-days.../article16776901.ece|access-date=9 December 2016|work=The Hindu|date=8 December 2016}}</ref>

She played Lord [[Krishna]] in a three-minute dance sequence held on stage in the [[Hindi film]] [[Man-Mauji]] (1962) and danced with [[Kumari Naaz]] who played Radha. [[Y. G. Parthasarathy]] ran the drama troupe ''United Amateur Artistes'' (UAA), which staged English and Tamil plays. Soon Jayalalithaa while a schoolgirl began acting in some plays of Parthasarathy along with her mother and aunt. She acted in small roles in plays such as Tea House of the August Moon and ''Undersecretary'' between 1960 and 1964.

Shankar Giri, the son of the former [[President of India|Indian President]] [[V. V. Giri]], saw her small role in the English play ''Tea Houses of August Moon'' and was impressed. Shankar Giri approached her mother Sandhya and told he wanted to cast her daughter in an English film called ''The Epistle''. Sandhya reluctantly agreed with the condition that shooting should be held only during weekends or school holidays.<ref name="BS">{{cite news|title=People's CM Jayalalithaa, an enigma in life and in death|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/people-s-cm-jayalalithaa-an-enigma-in-life-and-in-death-116120600127_1.html|access-date=9 December 2016|work=[[Business Standard]]|date=6 December 2016}}</ref>

Sandhya had acted in the 1964 Tamil film ''[[Karnan (1964 film)|Karnan]]'', produced and directed by Kannada film-maker [[B. R. Panthulu]]. Jayalalithaa accompanied her mother to a party related to the film and was spotted by Panthulu, who then decided to cast her opposite [[Kalyan Kumar]] in the Kannada movie ''[[Chinnada Gombe]]''. He promised to finish all shooting within two months in order not to interfere with her education. Since Jayalalithaa would be studying for her PUC in two months' time, Sandhya had declined the offer initially.<ref name=hans1>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/National/2016-12-06/A-super-star-in-reel--real-life/267246|title=A super star in reel & real life|work=[[The Hans India]]|date=6 December 2016|access-date=11 December 2016}}</ref> Sandhya agreed when that promise was made and Jayalalithaa started acting and she was paid {{INRConvert|3|k|year=1967}}. Panthulu kept his promise and completed shooting in six weeks. Jayalalithaa had forgotten all about films after acting in her Kannada debut film and had got ready to attend classes at [[Stella Maris College, Chennai|Stella Maris]] as she had the ambition to be a [[lawyer]]. But the Kannada debut film became a [[Blockbuster (entertainment)|blockbuster]] in 1964 and she became a well-known face.

Meanwhile, Jayalalithaa continued acting in Parthasarathy's plays. She played the leading role in plays such as ''Malathi'', ''The Whole Truth'', and the dance drama ''Kaveri Thanda Kalaiselvi'' between 1960 and 1966. She made her debut as the lead actress in [[Kannada]] films while still in school, age 15, in ''[[Chinnada Gombe]]'' (1964).<ref name=hans1/> She also appeared in a dance sequence of a song named "Malligeya Hoovinantha" in the movie ''[[Amarashilpi Jakanachari (film)|Amarashilpi Jakanachari]]'' (1964).<ref name="outlook20110321"/>

She made her debut in Tamil theatre in April 1964, when she played a sales girl in the drama named ''Undersecretary''. Parthasarathy and Sandhya were the lead characters, while Jayalalitha and [[Cho Ramaswamy]] were paired together and [[A. R. Srinivasan]] was also involved. The play was based on the lives of middle aged couple and Jayalaithaa played character of sales girl in the drama. Her performance caused Parthasarathy to make her lead heroine in a drama named ''Malathy''. Meanwhile, the films she had shot during her vacation in April–May 1964—''Chinnada Gombe'' and ''[[Manushulu Mamathalu]]''—became blockbusters. By end of 1965, she had become popular among film producers and directors.<ref name=hans1/> She was approached by [[C. V. Sridhar]] for her Tamil film debut as well. Between 1964 and 1966 she did around 35 shows of drama named ''Malathy'' and later discontinued as she became very busy in films.<ref name="BS"/> It was during the year 1964, financial debts had increased of Sandhya and she suggested her daughter make use of the increasing film offers to come her way.<ref name="10 Lesser Known Facts"/>

Jayalalithaa's debut in Tamil cinema was the leading role in ''[[Vennira Aadai]]'' (1965), directed by [[C. V. Sridhar]].<ref name="sp"/> She made her debut in Telugu films as lead actress in ''Manushulu Mamathalu'' opposite Akkineni Nageswara Rao. Her last Telugu release was also opposite [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] in the film ''[[Nayakudu Vinayakudu]]'', which was released in 1980.<ref>{{cite web|title = Did You Know?|url = http://www.telugucinema.com/Did-You-Know|website = telugucinema.com|access-date=17 October 2015|date = 20 September 2015}}</ref> She was the first heroine to appear in [[skirt]]s in Tamil films.<ref name="iron lady">{{cite web|last=Nadar|first=Ganesh|title=J Jayalalithaa: The Iron Lady |url=http://www.rediff.com/election/2004/may/06espec1.htm |work=Rediff|date=6 May 2004|access-date=3 September 2011}}</ref> She acted in one Hindi film called ''[[Izzat (1968 film)|Izzat]]'', with [[Dharmendra]] as her male costar in 1968.<ref name="NDTV"/> She starred in 28 box-office hit films with M.G. Ramachandran between 1965 and 1973.<ref>{{cite web|title = Who is J Jayalalithaa?|url = http://www.ndtv.com/people/who-is-j-jayalalithaa-483055|website = NDTV.com|access-date=17 October 2015}}</ref> The first with [[M. G. Ramachandran|MGR]] was B.R. Panthalu's ''[[Aayirathil Oruvan (1965 film)|Aayirathil Oruvan]]'' in 1965 and their last film together was ''[[Pattikaattu Ponnaiya]]'' in 1973.<ref>{{cite web|last=Rangan|first=Baradwaj|author-link=Baradwaj Rangan|title=Off-screen deity, on-screen goddess|url=https://baradwajrangan.wordpress.com/2016/12/08/off-screen-deity-on-screen-goddess/|website=baradwajrangan.wordpress.com|access-date=9 December 2016|date=8 December 2016}}</ref>

Jayalalithaa donated gold jewelleries she had to the then [[Prime Minister of India|Indian Prime Minister]] [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/no-bharat-ratna-for-jayalalithaa-madras-high-court-dismisses-pil-to-confer-late-cm-with-honour-3191124.html |title=No Bharat Ratna for Jayalalithaa? Madras High Court dismisses PIL to confer late CM with honour |work=Firstpost |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref>

She had 11 successful releases in Tamil in 1966. In the opening credits of ''[[Arasa Kattalai]]'', for the first time her name was affixed with the phrase Kavarchi Kanni.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/arasa-kattalai-1967/article8514320.ece|title=Arasa Kattalai (1967)|date=24 April 2016|newspaper=The Hindu|last1=Guy|first1=Randor}}</ref> In 1967 she bought her bungalow, Veda Nilayam, in Poes Gardens for {{INRConvert|1.32|l|year=1967}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timesnow.tv/articleshow/msid-4488180,prtpage-1.cms|title=Jaya assets worth Rs 113.73 cr, Rs 3.40 cr less than in 2015|work=Times Now|access-date=8 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604142232/http://www.timesnow.tv/articleshow/msid-4488180,prtpage-1.cms|archive-date=4 June 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[Sandow M. M. A. Chinnappa Thevar]] was on the lookout for a regular heroine for his production after he had fight with the actress [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] after the release of ''Vetaikkaran'', and he signed Jayalalithaa on in 1965. She became a regular heroine for production house Devar films from 1966.<ref>{{cite news |first=Samiksha |last=Panda |url=http://scrolltoday.com/end-inspiration-jayalalithaa-jayaraman/ |title=The End of an Inspiration : Jayalalithaa Jayaraman |work=Scroll Today |access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref>

[[Jaishankar]] was romantically paired with Jayalalithaa in eight Tamil films including ''[[Muthu Chippi]]'', ''[[Yaar Nee?]]'', ''[[Nee!]]'', ''[[Vairam]]'', ''[[Vandhale Magarasi]]'', ''[[Bommalattam (1968 film)|Bommalattam]]'' (1968), ''[[Raja Veetu Pillai]]'' and ''[[Avalukku Aayiram Kangal]]'', whereas the films ''[[Thanga Gopuram]]'' and ''[[Gowri Kalyanam]]'' had him play elder brother to her.

Jayalalithaa acted in twelve films as heroine opposite [[N. T. Rama Rao]], in Telugu—''[[Gopaludu Bhoopaludu]]'' (1967), ''[[Chikkadu Dorakadu (1967 film)|Chikkadu Dorakadu]]'' (1967), ''[[Tikka Sankaraiah]]'' (1968), ''[[Niluvu Dopidi]]'' (1968), ''[[Baghdad Gaja Donga]]'' (1968), ''[[Kathanayakudu (1969 film)|Kathanayakudu]]'' (1969), ''[[Kadaladu Vadaladu]]'' (1969), ''[[Gandikota Rahasyam]]'' (1969), ''[[Ali Baba 40 Dongalu]]'' (1970), ''[[Sri Krishna Vijayamu]]'' (1970), ''[[Sri Krishna Satya]]'' (1972), and ''[[Devudu Chesina Manushulu]]'' (1973). Jayalalitha had eight films with [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] in Telugu—''[[Manushulu Mamathalu]]'' (1965), ''[[Aastiparulu]]'' (1966), ''[[Brahmachari (1968 Telugu film)|Brahmachari]]'' (1968), ''[[Aadarsa Kutumbam]]'' (1969), ''[[Adrushtavanthulu]]'' (1969), ''[[Bharya Biddalu]]'' (1972), ''[[Premalu Pellillu]]'' (1974) and ''[[Nayakudu Vinayakudu]]'' (1980).

She also made a guest appearance in Telugu film ''[[Navaratri (1966 film)|Navarthi]]'' (1966). Her films in Telugu also included two with [[Krishna (Telugu actor)|Krishna]] and one each with [[Sobhan Babu]], [[Jaggayya]], [[Ramakrishna (Telugu actor)|Ramakrishna]] and [[Haranath (actor)|Haranath]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/Jayalalithaa%E2%80%99s-tryst-with-Telugu-films/article16765354.ece |title=Jayalalithaa's tryst with Telugu films |newspaper=The Hindu |access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref> She was given on-screen credit as Kalai Selvi in most of her Tamil films since 1967.<ref name="hans1"/>

=== Later career ===
{| class="infobox" style="width: 25em; text-align: left; font-size: 70%; vertical-align: middle;"
|+ '''List of Best Actress awards for J. Jayalalithaa '''
|-
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |
|- style="background:#d9e8ff; text-align:center;"
!style="vertical-align: middle;"| Award
| style="background:#cec; font-size:8pt; width:60px;"| Wins
|- style="background:#eef;"
| style="text-align:center;"|
;[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actress]]
|{{won|5}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/specials/2016/dec/06/the-life-and-times-of-tamil-nadus-six-time-woman-chief-minister-1546011.html |title=The life and times of Tamil Nadu's six-time woman Chief Minister |newspaper=The New Indian Express |access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref>
|- style="background:#eef;"
| style="text-align:center;"|
;Tamil Nadu Cinema Fan Award for Best Actress
|{{won|8}}<ref name="Toi234"/>
|- style="background:#eef;"
| style="text-align:center;"|
;[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil]]
|{{won|2}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.dailyhunt.in/news/india/english/deccan+chronicle-epaper-deccanch/j+jayalalithaa+the+superstar-newsid-61061490 |title=J Jayalalithaa: The Superstar |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=24 February 1948 |access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref>
|- style="background:#eef;"
| style="text-align:center;"|
;[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu]]
|{{won|1}}<ref name="Toi234">[[#The Times of India directory and year book including who's who|The Times of India directory and year book including who's who]], p 234</ref>
|- style="background:#eef;"
| style="text-align:center;"|
;Russian Film festival
|{{won|1}}<ref name="Toi234"/>
|- style="background:#eef;"
| style="text-align:center;"|
;Madras Film Association Awards for Best Actress
|{{won|7}}<ref name="Collections394">[[#Collections|Collections]], p 394</ref>
|}

Between 1965 and 1973, Jayalalithaa starred opposite [[M. G. Ramachandran]] in a number of successful films, including ''[[Aayirathil Oruvan (1965 film)|Aayirathil Oruvan]]'', ''[[Kavalkaran]]'', ''[[Adimai Penn]]'', ''[[Engal Thangam]]'', ''[[Kudiyirundha Koyil]]'', ''[[Ragasiya Police 115]]'' and ''[[Nam Naadu (1969 film)|Nam Naadu]]''.<ref name="NDTV"/><ref name="Ramaswamy">[[#Ramaswamy|Ramaswamy 2007]], p. 101</ref> [[Cho Ramaswamy]] cast her in the lead role in his directorial venture ''[[Yarrukkum Vetkam Illai]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/A-life-in-song/article16768634.ece|title=A life in song|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=8 December 2016}}</ref>

She acted with [[Ravichandran (Tamil actor)|Ravichandran]] in ten films—''Gowri Kalyanam ''(1966), ''[[Kumari Penn]]'' (1966), ''[[Naan]]'' (1967), ''[[Magaraasi|Magarasi]]'' (1967), ''[[Maadi Veettu Mappilai]]'' (1967), ''[[Panakkara Pillai]]'' (1968), ''[[Moondru Yezhuthu]]'' (1968), ''[[Andru Kanda Mugam]]'' (1968), ''[[Avalukku Aayiram Kangal]]'' and ''[[Baghdad Perazhagi]]'' (1974).<ref name="hans1"/> In 1972, she acted opposite [[Sivaji Ganesan]] in ''[[Pattikada Pattanama]]'', which went on to win the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil]] in 1973.

In 1973, she acted in ''[[Sri Krishna Satya]]'', which won her the Filmfare Award for Best Actress in Telugu.<ref name="TOI1984">[[#TOI|TOI 1984]], p. 305</ref> Her other films with Sivaji Ganesan include ''[[Galatta Kalyanam]]'' and ''[[Deiva Magan (1969 film)|Deiva Magan]]''; the latter holds the distinction of being the first Tamil film to be submitted by India for an [[List of Indian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a6IsAAAAMAAJ |last=R.L|first=Hardgrave|title=Essays in the political sociology of South India|year=1979|publisher=Usha|page=120|isbn=9780836406054|access-date=9 December 2016}}</ref>

Jayalalithaa was paired opposite [[Sivaji Ganesan]] in 17 films. She acted in six films with [[R. Muthuraman]] as a romantic leading pair—''[[Dhikku Theriyadha Kaattil]]'', ''[[Thirumangalyam]]'', ''[[Kanavan Manaivi]]'', ''[[Avandhan Manidhan]]'', ''[[Suryagandhi]]'', ''[[Anbu Thangai]]''<ref name="hans1"/> and Muthuraman played supporting roles in ''[[Kannan En Kadhalan]]'', ''[[Major Chandrakanth (1966 film)|Major Chandrakanth]]'', ''[[Naan (1967 film)|Naan]]'', ''[[En Annan]]'', [[Adi Parashakti]], ''[[Thaer Thiruvizha]]'', ''[[Dharmam Engey]]'', ''[[Chitra Pournami (film)|Chitra Pournami]]'' and ''[[Oru Thaai Makkal]]''. She made her debut in Malayalam with ''[[Jesus (1973 film)|Jesus]]'' (1973).<ref>{{Cite news|title=Jesus: 1973|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/old-is-gold-jesus-1973/article7043457.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|date=29 March 2015|access-date=22 February 2016|issn=0971-751X|language=en-IN}}</ref> Her 100th film was ''[[Thirumangalyam]]'' (1974), directed by [[A. Vincent]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/cinematographer-director-a-vincent-passes-away-115022500852_1.html|title=Director Vincent passes away|newspaper=Business Standard|access-date=1 February 2016}}</ref>

She was romantically paired opposite [[Sivakumar]] in ''[[Kandan Karunai]]'' and ''[[Sri Krishna Leela (1977 film)|Sri Krishna Leela]]''. Sivakumar played supporting roles in Shakti Leelai, Yarrukum Vetkam Ilali, [[Thirumangalyam]], Annaivelakanni, Kavalkaran, Motoram Sunderapillai and Ganga Gowri.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=174&catName=MTk2OA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029184625/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=174&catName=MTk2OA|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 October 2013|website=Box Office India|title=Box office report of 1968|access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref>

The heroes of her films never objected to the title of the film being conferred on the female lead played by Jayalalithaa. ''[[Adimai Penn]]'', ''[[Kanni Thaai]]'', and ''[[Kannan En Kadhalan]]'' had Ramachandran as the lead male hero but the story and the title was built around the character played by Jayalalithaa. Similarly, ''Engerindo Vandhaal'', ''[[Sumathi En Sundari]]'', [[Paadhukaappu]] and ''[[Anbai Thedi]]'' had Sivaji Ganeshan as the male lead but the title and the story was built around her character. She did many female-centric films where the story revolved on her character, such as ''Vennira Adai'', ''[[Yaar Nee? (film)|Yaar Nee?]]'', ''[[Kumari Penn]]'', ''[[Nee (film)|Nee]]'', ''[[Gowri Kalyanam]], [[Magaraasi]], [[Muthu Chippi]], [[Thanga Gopuram]], [[Avalukku Ayiram Kangal]], [[Annamitta Kai]], [[Vandhaale Magaraasi]], [[Suryagandhi]], [[Thirumangalyam]], [[Yarukkum Vetkam Illai]]'', and ''[[Kanavan Manaivi]]''.

She received the title "Nadippuku Ilakkium Vahuthavar" from then [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu|Chief Minister]] [[M. Karunanidhi|Karunanidhi]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/tamil-nadu/history-j-jayalalithaa-from-mysore-to-chennai-290110 |title=வரலாறு: ஜெ. ஜெயலலிதா மைசூர் முதல் சென்னை வரை! |work=zeenews |date=6 December 2016|language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/jayalalitha-biography-tamil-248513.html |title=அதிமுக கொ.ப.செ... பொதுச்செயலாளர்... தமிழக முதல்வர்... ஜெ. அரசியல் பயணம்|work=oneindia tamil |date=9 March 2016|language=ta}}</ref> and also won Tamil Nadu Cinema Fan Award for Best Actress for her 100th film ''[[Thirumangalyam]]'' in 1974.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/international/india/jayalalithaa-from-film-star-to-chief-minister-of-tamil-nadu|title=Remembering Jayalalithaa: From film star to Tamil Nadu CM |newspaper=Khaleej Times|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref> Her last film in Tamil was ''[[Nadhiyai Thedi Vandha Kadal]]'' (1980).<ref name="NDTV">{{cite news|title=Who is J Jayalalithaa?|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/people/who-is-j-jayalalithaa-211841|publisher=NDTV|location=Chennai|date=17 May 2012|access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> Her last film as the heroine was ''[[Nayakudu Vinayakudu]]'' in Telugu,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/revisiting-top-10-movies-j-jayalalithaa-706973 |title=Revisiting the top 10 movies of J Jayalalithaa |work=IBTimes |date=6 December 2016 |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> which became the highest grosser of the year in Telugu.

Her successful Kannada films include ''[[Badukuva Daari]]'' (1966), ''[[Mavana Magalu]]'' (1965), ''[[Nanna Kartavya]]'' (1965), ''[[Chinnada Gombe]]'' (1964) and ''[[Mane Aliya]]'' (1964). Jayalalithaa holds the record for having been the Tamil actress with maximum silver jubilee hits in her career—85 hits of 92 Tamil films as main female lead heroine and she also has all 28 films in Telugu as silver jubilee hits.<ref name="10 Lesser Known Facts">[http://m.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/slideshow/10-lesser-known-facts-about-our-leaders-jayalalitha/index.html], behindwoods.com; accessed 23 May 2016.</ref> She was the highest-paid Indian actress from 1965 to 1980. She made guest appearances in nine films and six of her films were dubbed into Hindi. She had 119 box office hits between 1961 and 1980, of the total 125 films she did as the main female lead. She made a brief appearance in 1992's ''[[Neenga Nalla Irukkanum]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/jayalalitha-makes-brief-appearance-in-neenga-nalla-irukkanum-movie-bombs-at-box-office/1/308343.html|title=Jayalalithaa's brief appearance in Neenga nalla irukanum|magazine=India Today|access-date=1 February 2016}}</ref>

Jayalalithaa won the [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actress]] for ''Thanga Gopuram'' in 1971, ''Raman Thediya Seethai'' in 1972, ''Suryagandhi'' in 1973, ''Thirumangalyam'' in 1974, and ''Yarukkum Vetkam Illai'' in 1975.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/051216/j-jayalalithaa-the-superstar.html|title=J Jayalalithaa: The Superstar|publisher=Deccanchronicle.com|access-date=6 December 2016|date=5 December 2016}}</ref> She acted in mythological films like ''Kandan Karunai'', ''Aadhi Parashakti'', ''Shri Krishna Satya'', ''Shri Krishna Vijayam'', ''Shri Rama Katha'', ''Shri Krishna Leela'', ''Shakti Leelai'', ''Ganga Gowri'', ''[[Annai Velankanni]]'' and [[Jesus (1973 film)|''Jesus'']]. Her period dramas include ''Ayirathil Oruvan'', ''[[Neerum Neruppum]]'', ''[[Mani Magudam]]'', ''Adimai Penn'', ''Ali Baba 40 Dongalu'', ''Arasa Katalai'', and ''Baghdad Perazhagi''.

She acquired the reputation of being a multi-faceted actor equally comfortable in fantasy and mythological genres as well as in modern social dramas<ref>{{cite web|title=Jayalalithaa, the golden girl of Tamil cinema|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/jayalalithaa-the-golden-girl-of-tamil-cinema/story-4btYTbOsQmYwzjJMYRyQ9K.html|website=hindustantimes.com|access-date=23 February 2016|date=27 September 2014}}</ref> and hence in 1969, in Tamil Conference, she was given the tag of "Kaveri Thandha Kalai Selvi".<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/051216/j-jayalalithaa-the-superstar.html|title=J Jayalalithaa: The Superstar|date=6 December 2016|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|access-date=18 December 2016}}</ref>

She, [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] and [[Saroja Devi]] have been cited as the first female superstars of Tamil cinema. She did double roles in eight films.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/remembering-cho-ramaswamy-from-theatre-to-films-a-lodestar-of-lampoon-3144504.html|title=Remembering Cho Ramaswamy: From theatre to films, a lodestar of lampoon|work=Firstpost|date=29 July 2015|access-date=8 December 2016}}</ref>

She received Special Award from Filmfare for her performances in 'Chandhrodhayam', 'Adimai Penn' and 'Engirundho Vandhaal' in the years 1966, 1969 and 1970 as the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil|Filmfare Award for Best Actress]] was introduced only in 1972.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dailyreport.in/j-jayalalithaa-superstar/ |title=J Jayalalithaa: The Superstar |work=Daily Report |date=6 December 2016 |access-date=3 May 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211093529/http://www.dailyreport.in/j-jayalalithaa-superstar/ |archive-date=11 February 2017 }}</ref> Her performance in ''[[Pattikada Pattanama]]'', [[Suryakanthi|''Suryagandhi'']] were critically acclaimed and won her consecutive [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil|Filmfare Award for Best Actress]] in 1972 and 1973, respectively.

From 1968 to 1973, at the peak of her career she took interviews and wrote columns in the magazines like ''Bommai''. She wrote a column-"Ennangal Sila" in magazine ''[[Thuglak]]'' in the 1970s. She also wrote a short story, "Oravin Kaidhigal", for the magazine ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'', "Manadhai Thotta Malargal" for ''Thaai'' magazine in the early 1980s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nbg2eX-M320|title=TN CM Jayalalithaa service as a Journalist in Private News paper|publisher=YouTube|access-date=8 December 2016}}</ref> She wrote about her own life in a serialised memoir in the Tamil weekly magazine ''[[Kumudam]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/jayalalithaa-wrote-of-pining-for-mother-blowing-away-sivaji-ganesan-1634946|title=Jayalalithaa Wrote Of Pining For Mother, Blowing Away Sivaji Ganesan|publisher=Ndtv.com|access-date=8 December 2016}}</ref>

In 1980, she decided to voluntarily decline any new film offers. The journalist Brian Laul wrote an article specifying Jayalalithaa was trying for a comeback but was not being offered any roles. Jayalalithaa chose to respond to him by writing a letter, in which she mentioned that she was not struggling to make any comeback and that she turned down the offer from producer [[K. Balaji|Balaji]] to star in ''[[Billa (1980 film)|Billa]]'' (1980) alongside [[Rajinikanth]]. She added she wanted to pursue other interests and was not interested in pursuing her film career any further.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-in-india/this-letter-sent-by-jayalalithaa-to-a-journalist-in-1980-shows-just-how-classy-she-was-4413621|title=This letter sent by Jayalalithaa to a journalist in 1980 shows just how classy she was |work=The Indian Express|date=10 June 1980 |access-date=8 December 2016}}</ref>

Her closest friends from film industry included [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Manorama-called-me-Ammu-Jayalalithaa-says/articleshow/49311504.cms |title=Manorama called me Ammu, Jayalalithaa says |work=The Times of India |date=11 October 2015 |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> [[Cho Ramaswamy]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Cho-Ramaswamy-a-long-time-friend-but-vocal-critic-of-Jayalalithaa/article16771674.ece |title=Cho Ramaswamy: a long-time friend but vocal critic of Jayalalithaa |work=The Hindu |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> [[Rajasree]], [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]], [[B. Saroja Devi|Saroja Devi]], [[Sachu|Kumari Sachu]], [[Anjali Devi]], [[Sowcar Janaki]], [[Sukumari]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://teluguglobal.in/jayalalithas-lunch-with-her-yester-year-film-stars-in-2012/ |title=Jayalalithaa's lunch with her yester year film stars in 2012 |publisher=Teluguglobal.in |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> [[Ravichandran (Tamil actor)|Ravichandran]], [[R. Muthuraman]], [[Nagesh]], [[M. N. Nambiar]], [[Vennira Aadai Nirmala]], [[S. A. Asokan]], [[Jaishankar]], [[V. K. Ramasamy (actor)|V.K.Ramaswamy]], [[Major Sundarrajan]], [[P.Susheela]], [[Sheela]], [[M. S. Viswanathan]], [[L. R. Eswari]], [[R.S.Manohar]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0412883/quotes |title=Jayalalitha J – Quotes |publisher=IMDb |access-date=3 May 2017 }}{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

She quoted on M. G. Ramachandran, "He was a very warm and caring kind of a person. And after Mother died, he replaced her in my life. He was everything to me. He was mother, father, brother, friend, philosopher, guide. Everything. He sort of took over my life." In many of her interviews she often said she entered films on being asked by her mother and entered politics on request by M. G. Ramachandran.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2016/dec/06/i-dont-think-anyone-has-taken-more-criticism-than-i-have-jaya-told-simi-garewal-1546016.html |title=I don't think anyone has taken more criticism than I have: Jaya to Simi Garewal |work=The New Indian Express |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref>

== Political career ==
{{main|Political career of Jayalalithaa}}

== Controversies ==
=== Personality cult ===
Followers of Jayalalithaa often worshiped her as a divine being. She stimulated a cult following, and adoring supporters often termed her "[[Adi Parashakti]]" (the eternal mighty goddess).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-37503616|title=Jayalalitha: The 'goddess' of Tamil Nadu politics|last=Tilak|first=Sudha G.|date=5 December 2016|work=BBC News|access-date=7 August 2020|language=en-GB}}</ref> Several experts say that over the years the cult called 'Amma' has been carefully crafted. Others claim that the emotional outburst is just a spontaneous display of loyalist support. C Lakshmanan of the Madras Development Institute studies, who has studied personality cult in the politics of Tamil Nadu, said posters were installed around the state portraying Jayalalithaa as a goddess back then.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/cult-personality-or-cultivated-loyalty-what-explains-outpouring-of-grief-for-the-jailed-jayalalithaa/articleshow/44785277.cms|title=Cult personality or cultivated loyalty: What explains outpouring of grief for the jailed Jayalalithaa?|last=Shanker|first=V. Prem|work=The Economic Times|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref> She was worshiped by the party cadre as "Amma" (Mother). She made sure the respect and loyalty of the functionaries of the party was there for everyone to see. The entire Cabinet would fall in line and bow in front of the helicopter in which it was flying. Members of the party, at all levels never found it difficult to prostrate before her in full view of the public.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/The-enduring-enigma-that-was-Jayalalithaa/article16761203.ece|title=The enduring enigma that was Jayalalithaa|last=Kumar|first=B. Aravind|date=6 December 2016|work=The Hindu|access-date=7 August 2020|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Many of her worshipping followers are known to profess their loyalty through acts such as walking on hot coals or drawing her portrait with their blood.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|date=2009-03-30|title=Profile: Jayaram Jayalalitha|language=en-GB|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4762593.stm|access-date=2021-06-13}}</ref> S Kirubakaran who is a Journalist-turned-advocate, wrote a book on Jayalalitha titled, 'Ammavin Kathai,' said that when MGR was a Chief Minister, he carefully chose MLAs and Ministers for the first time after going through their knowledge and experience. But Jayalalithaa had begun to assign those who praised her.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thefederal.com/states/south/tamil-nadu/3-years-after-jayas-death-aiadmk-seems-out-of-servitude-and-subjugation/|title=3 years after Jaya's death, AIADMK seems out of servitude, subjugation|last=Chandrajit Mitra|date=5 December 2019|website=The Federal|language=en-US|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref> Even after her death, the AIADMK leaders continued to prostrate themselves before her burial ground.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/opinion/for-all-her-political-success-it-s-time-to-admit-jayalalithaa-was-no-amma/story-Mq9FelI5zqxD8z4WljrtbO.html|title=For all her political success, it's time to admit Jayalalithaa was no Amma|date=17 February 2017|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/voices/opinion/opinion-post-jayalalithaa-tamil-nadu-politics-amma-legacy|title=Jayalalithaa's 'Tainted' Legacy and Where AIADMK Goes From Here|last=Sudhir|first=T. S.|date=4 December 2017|website=TheQuint|language=en|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref>

=== 1999 Attempted murder case ===
A case of murder attempt were registered against Jayalalithaa, her close associate Sasikala, and Sasikala's nephew V Mahadivan has been recorded by the Chennai police on following a complaint by former Jayalalithaa's auditor, Rajasekaran, who alleged that he was summoned to the Poes Garden bungalow and violently assaulted by Jayalalithaa, Sassikala and Mahadevan with a stick and high-heeled shoes.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Aravind|first=Indulekha|title=Eulogised in death, Jayalalithaa leaves a checkered legacy|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/jayalalithaa-had-to-combat-ruthless-peer-pressure-all-her-life/articleshow/55914253.cms?from=mdr|access-date=2021-06-13}}</ref> Rajasekaran also stated that he had been forced by Jayalalithaa and Sassikala to sign two letters and a promissory note in respect of ₹50 lakhs. Jayalalithaa, however, denied the charges in a statement.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bearak|first=Barry|date=16 March 1999|title=In the Hands Of India Star, A Spike Heel Could Hurt|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/03/16/world/in-the-hands-of-india-star-a-spike-heel-could-hurt.html|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rediff On The NeT: TN defies Centre in assault case against Jaya|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/1999/mar/20aiadmk.htm|website=www.rediff.com}}</ref>

== Corruption cases ==
=== 1996 colour TV case ===
{{Main|Colour TV case}}
In the [[Colour TV case|colour TV corruption case]] involving the purchase of TV sets to villagers, Jayalalithaa was charged and arrested. The TV sets were provided in the framework of a government education and entertainment plan for the village population. Officials said the TVs were purchased at inflated prices and claimed that some of the money paid for TV stations was returned as kickbacks to government officials.<ref>{{Cite news|last=BSCAL|date=15 May 1998|title=Jaya Charged In Rs 10crore Colour Tv Scam|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/specials/jaya-charged-in-rs-10crore-colour-tv-scam-198051501011_1.html|access-date=3 June 2020}}</ref> Later, she was acquitted as the accusation against them were not proven beyond doubt.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jayalalitha acquitted in colour TV scam|url=http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/20000531/ina31026.html|publisher=The Indian Express|date=21 August 2009|work=Press Trust of India|access-date=9 February 2021|location=Chennai|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140217192259/http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/20000531/ina31026.html|archive-date=17 February 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Detained in 1996, the media reported that 21.28 kg of [[Gold jewellery|gold jewels]] worth Rs 3.5 crore, 10,500 [[sari]]s, 91 [[Luxury watch|designer watches]], 750 pairs of shoes, 1,250 kg of silver objects worth 3.12 crores, diamonds worth 2 crores, a silver sword and 19 vehicles were among the priceless treasures found at her house.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shivashankar|first=BV|title=J Jayalalithaa: Jayalalithaa's 10,500 saris, 750 slippers, 500 wine glasses in court|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/J-Jayalalithaas-seized-wealth-is-under-24-hour-vigil-in-Karnatakas-courts/articleshow/55886301.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

=== 1995 Foster son and luxury wedding corruption ===
In 1995, Jayalalithaa's assistant Sassikala's nephew Sudhakaran was engaged to the youngest daughter of Sivaji Ganesan. Jayalalithaa was a chief minister of state by this time. Jaya declared that Sudhakaran would be adopted as her foster son and said that she would be performing his marriage as his mother.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="tnmfoster">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/once-jayalalithaas-favoured-foster-son-sudhakaran-now-refused-entry-apollo-50968|title=Once Jayalalithaa's favoured foster son, Sudhakaran now refused entry into Apollo|website=thenewsminute.com|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref>

The wedding occupied a 2-km long lighted baraat pathway, ten dining halls each accommodating 25,000 people, and a 75,000 square foot pandal. Tons of plywood, paris plaster and paint were used to erect cut-outs of Jayalalitha, arches, several hundred papier-mache statues, elaborate facades of palaces and gateways. The VIP invitations included a silver plate enclosed in a container, a silk saree and a silk dhoti, each worth ₹20,000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/story/19950930-jayalalithas-foster-son-married-off-amid-extravagance-and-controversy-808220-1995-09-30|title=Jayalalitha's foster son married off amid extravagance and controversy|last=SHEKHAR|first=G. C.|date=30 September 1995|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> The marriage hosted more than 1,000 VIPs. More than 40,000 guests were granted accommodation in the hotel. A legion of elephants and chefs brought in from Kerala.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jayalalithaa-lied-she-spent-3-crores-on-foster-sons-wedding-says-court-674500|title=Jayalalithaa Lied, She Spent 3 Crores on Foster Son's Wedding, Says Court|website=NDTV.com|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref> The incident, hailed as "the mother of all marriages". People's anger mounted against her as the crores were lavished at the wedding, and Jayalalithaa and Sassikala became symbols of corruption. She was accused of using government money to celebrate the grand marriage.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-38441705|title=Sasikala: The 'new mother' of Tamil Nadu politics|date=29 December 2016|work=BBC News|access-date=7 August 2020|language=en-GB}}</ref> The marriage may have triggered the AIADMK to lose all 39 Lok Sabha seats in the [[1996 general election]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Disowned-foster-son-joins-Jaya-in-prison/articleshow/43760402.cms|title=Disowned foster son joins Jaya in prison {{!}} Chennai News – Times of India|last=TNN|date=29 September 2014|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

She was later sentenced for 4 years in jail in 2014 for corruption related to the marriage and the [[Disproportionate assets case against Jayalalithaa|Disproportionate assets case]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/jayalalithaa-sentenced-to-4-years-in-jail-clashes-in-tamil-nadu/story-oVofwzwZZrOVwJNaA97xRP.html|title=Jayalalithaa sentenced to 4 years in jail; clashes in Tamil Nadu|date=27 September 2014|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref>

Jayalalithaa owns a [[Guinness Book of World Records]] for conducting the luxury wedding. The record shows that over 1,50,000 guests have been invited. The Income-Tax Dept estimated the cost of the wedding at ₹10 crore.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nation-world/5-facts-you-didnt-know-about-j-jayalalithaa/guinness-book-of-world-records-for-sons-wedding/slideshow/55815874.cms|title=5 facts you didn't know about J Jayalalithaa – Unknown facts about Amma|website=The Economic Times|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref>

Jayalalithaa later disowned Sudhakaran as her foster son.<ref name="tnmfoster" />

=== 1998 TANSI land deal case ===
{{Main|TANSI land acquisition case}}
The TANSI land deal case refers to the purchase of land by Jaya Publications, which included Jayalalithaa and her friend Sassikala, from the State Small Industry Company, Tansi, [[Guindy]]. Justice P Anbhazhagan delivered the judgment, and said that the evidence stated in the prosecution sheet, and that the sale deed of the prime land in Guindy had been carried out on 29 May 1992, in the unequivocal aim of cheating against the government. The Supreme Court disqualified her in September 2001, resulting in her stepping down and which made [[O Panneerselvam|O. Panneerselvam]] as the chief minister of Tamil Nadu. The Madras High Court acquitted her and other 5 accused in the case of all the charges on 4 December 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|title=23-year-old TANSI case has finally ended for Jayalalithaa: A look back|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/23-year-old-tansi-case-has-finally-ended-jayalalithaa-look-back-21350|access-date=3 June 2020|website=www.thenewsminute.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Subramani|first1=A.|last2=2015|title=23 years on, HC brings curtains down on TANSI case against Jaya|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/23-years-on-HC-brings-curtains-down-on-TANSI-case-against-Jaya/articleshow/46472629.cms|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

=== Disproportionate assets case ===
{{Main|Disproportionate assets case against Jayalalithaa}}Jayalalithaa was initially convicted of misusing her office during her tenure in 1991–1996. [[Subramanian Swamy]] was the main petitioner. Some of the accusations concerned expenditure on her foster son's luxurious marriage in 1996 and acquiring properties worth more than 66.65 crore, as well as jewelry, bank deposits, investment and a convoy of luxury vehicles. The trial lasted for 18 years. Justice [[John Michael D'Cunha]], in a detailed judgement, showed that the entire asset belonged to the accused and no one else.<ref name="FL">{{cite web |title=From trial court verdict by John Michael D'Cunha |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/from-trial-court-verdict-by-john-michael-dcunha/article7247470.ece |website=Frontline |access-date=30 October 2020}}</ref> On 11 May 2015, Jayalalithaa was absolved of all charges by the [[High Court of Karnataka]]. On 14 February 2017, the Supreme Court of India overruled the High Court of Karnataka. Sassikala and the other accused were convicted and sentenced to four years in prison, as well as to a fine of ₹10 crore each.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jayalalithaas-court-appearance-over-heads-back-to-chennai-565662|title=Jayalalithaa's court appearance over, heads back to Chennai|website=NDTV.com|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/sasikalas-conviction-in-wealth-case-upheld-by-supreme-court/articleshow/57140345.cms|title=Sasikala news: Sasikala's conviction in wealth case upheld by Supreme Court {{!}} India News – Times of India|last=Mahapatra|first=Dhananjay|date=14 February 2017|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

=== 2000 Pleasant Stay hotel case ===
{{Main|Pleasant Stay hotel case}}{{See also|2000 Dharmapuri bus burning}}
Pleasant Stay hotel case is the construction of the seven-story hotel "Pleasant stay" in Kodaikanal, which was in breach of the rules for the construction of the seven-story building in a blue ville in the tourist resort town in Kodaikanal. Jayalalithaa, Selvaganapathy and Pandey granted a permission to create a seven-story structure at the hotel. The case was related to Jayalalithaa's supposed clearance by violating government rules to the development of a hotel in [[ecological]]ly significant [[Kodaikanal]]. Jayalalithaa was sentenced in February 2000 to one year's strict imprisonment, with the penalty fined Rs.1000 for conspiracy and criminal misconduct as a public employee. After the court's decision, AIADMK cadres started to riot and arson which burned alive three female students in the [[2000 Dharmapuri bus burning|Dharmapuri bus burning]] and many were killed and injured.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Correspondent|first=Our Special|date=3 February 2000|title=HOTEL CASE VERDICT: AIADMK volunteers go berserk|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-miscellaneous/tp-others/hotel-case-verdict-aiadmk-volunteers-go-berserk/article27999900.ece|access-date=3 June 2020|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The Madras high court later acquitted her on 4 December 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jayalalithaa's blast from the past – convictions and imprisonments|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/jayalalithaa%E2%80%99s-blast-past-%E2%80%93-convictions-and-imprisonments-22478|access-date=3 June 2020|website=www.thenewsminute.com}}</ref>

== Illness, death and reactions ==
[[File:The President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee paying tributes to the mortal remains of Ms. J. Jayalalithaa, in Chennai on December 06, 2016.jpg|thumb|left|The then [[President of India|President]] [[Pranab Mukherjee]] paying tribute to Jayalalithaa in [[Rajaji Hall]]]]
On 22 September 2016, Jayalalithaa was admitted to [[Apollo Hospitals]] in Chennai, as she was suffering from an infection and acute [[dehydration]]. Her official duties were handed over to her aide [[O. Panneerselvam]] on 12 October 2016, though she continued to remain as the chief minister of the state.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/o-panneerselvam-to-hold-tamil-nadu-cm-jayalalithaas-portfolios/articleshow/54799672.cms|title=Panneerselvam to hold CM's portfolios|date=12 October 2016|publisher=Economic time|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref> She was also said to be suffering from a severe pulmonary infection and [[septicaemia]], which were cured. On 4 December 2016, she was re-admitted to the intensive care unit after suffering a cardiac arrest around 16:45.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-38167021 |title=India's Jayaram Jayalalitha still 'critical' after heart attack |newspaper=BBC |date=5 December 2016 |access-date=5 December 2016}}</ref> The hospital released a press statement stating that her condition was "very critical" and that she was on life support.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/jayalalithaas-health-status-live-cm-in-grave-situation-says-apollo-hospitals-md-3139806.html |title=CM in grave situation, says Apollo Hospitals MD |work=Firstpost |date=29 July 2015 |access-date=5 December 2016}}</ref> On 5 December 2016, the hospital announced her death and she became the first female chief minister to die in office in India.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Amma-no-more-Tamil-Nadu-chief-minister-Jayalalithaa-body|title=Jayalalitha passes away|newspaper=Indian Express|date=5 December 2016}}{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

[[Government of India]] declared a one-day [[National day of mourning|national mourning]] with the national flag in all government buildings flying at half-mast.<ref name="jjuabh">{{cite news|last1=Ankita|first1=Bhandari|title=Central govt announces one-day mourning after Jayalalithaa's death|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/tamil-nadu/central-govt-announces-one-day-mourning-after-jayalalithaas-death_1956239.html|access-date=17 December 2016|work=[[Zee News]]|date=6 December 2016|location=New Delhi}}</ref> While a seven-day mourning from 6 to 12 December 2016 was observed by [[Government of Tamil Nadu]],<ref name="natmotn">{{cite news|title=Jayalalithaa death: Centre declares one-day national mourning for Amma, Tricolour to fly at half mast|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/jayalalithaa-dead-centre-declares-one-day-national-mourning-for-amma-4412903/|access-date=17 December 2016|work=[[Indian Express]]|date=6 December 2016|location=New Delhi}}</ref> also three day state mourning from 6 to 8 December 2016 were observed by [[Government of Kerala]]<ref name="jker">{{cite news|title=Three-day official mourning declared in Kerala after Jayalalithaa's demise|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2016/dec/06/three-day-official-mourning-declared-in-kerala-after-jayalalithaas-demise-1546234.html|access-date=17 December 2016|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=6 December 2016|location=[[Thiruvananthapuram]]}}</ref> and the [[Government of Puducherry]].<ref name="jjpy">{{cite news|title=Jayalalithaa death: Pondicherry announces 3-day state mourning|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/jayalalithaa-death-pondicherry-announces-3-day-state-mourning-4413260/|access-date=17 December 2016|work=[[Indian Express]]|date=7 December 2016|location=[[Pondicherry|Puducherry]]}}</ref> One day state mourning on 6 December 2016 was observed by [[Government of Karnataka]],<ref name="jjka">{{cite news|title=Jayalalithaa death: Karnataka declares a day of mourning|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/jayalalithaa-death-karnataka-declares-a-day-of-mourning-4413070/|access-date=17 December 2016|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=6 December 2016|location=[[Bengaluru]]}}</ref>[[Government of Bihar]],<ref name="jjbih">{{cite news|title=All of Bihar is mourning Jayalalithaa's demise: Nitish Kumar|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/jayalalithaa-tamil-nadu-bihar-jayalalithaa-death-4413207/|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=6 December 2016|location=[[Patna]]}}</ref>[[Government of West Bengal]],<ref name="jjwb">{{cite news|title=West Bengal declares state mourning on Jayalalithaa's death |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/West-Bengal-declares-state-mourning-on-Jayalalithaas-death/articleshow/55842062.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=6 December 2016|location=[[Kolkata]]}}</ref>[[Government of Punjab, India|Government of Punjab]]<ref name="jjpunj">{{cite news|title=One day's state mourning in Punjab on Jayalalithaa's|url=http://www.uniindia.com/one-day-s-state-mourning-in-punjab-on-jayalalithaa-s/states/news/709156.html|access-date=17 December 2016|work=[[United News of India]]|date=6 December 2016}}</ref> and [[Government of Goa]].<ref name="jjgoa">{{cite news|title=Goa govt mourns death of Jayalalithaa|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/state-govt-mourns-death-of-jayalalithaa/articleshow/55846817.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=7 December 2016|location=[[Panaji]]}}</ref> Her body was kept [[in state]] at her residence Veda Nilayam in Poes Garden and later at [[Rajaji Hall]] for public to pay their tribute. Her last rites were performed on the evening of 6 December 2016 and she was [[Burial|buried]] at the northern end of the [[Marina Beach]] in Chennai in a sandalwood casket engraved with "Puratchi Thalaivi Selvi J Jayalalithaa", near the grave of her mentor [[M. G. Ramachandran]] at the [[MGR Memorial]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/pm-narendra-modi-to-visit-chennai-to-pay-homage-to-jayalalithaa-10-points-1634456?pfrom=home-lateststories|title=Jayalalithaa To Be Buried In Sandalwood Casket Next To Mentor MGR|work=[[NDTV]]|date=6 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Tamil-Nadu-chief-minister-Jayalalithaa-laid-to-rest/articleshow/55837086.cms |title=Jayalalitha last rites: Amma's Death: Jayalalithaa buried with full state honours |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |access-date=8 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/jayalalithaa-s-achievements-were-discussed-by-manmohan-pranab/story-fQTxbUqbNAFKnxWmaIRWwJ_amp.html |title=Jayalalithaa's achievements were discussed by Manmohan, Pranab |access-date=12 February 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170122191824/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/jayalalithaa-s-achievements-were-discussed-by-manmohan-pranab/story-fQTxbUqbNAFKnxWmaIRWwJ_amp.html |archive-date=22 January 2017 }}</ref>

Dispelling rumours surrounding Jayalalithaa's death, Dr. Richard Beale, the consultant intensivist from the [[London Bridge Hospital]], said the former Tamil Nadu chief minister was critically ill and acute sepsis led to her death.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/doctors-treating-jayalalithaa-reveal-details-here-are-10-major-points/articleshow/56999011.cms|title=UK doctor reveals details behind Jaya's death 'mystery': Major points from his press conference in TN|date=6 February 2017|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref>

In September 2017, [[C. Sreenivaasan]] of AIADMK courted controversy by saying that V. K. Sassikala's family was responsible for Jayalalithaa's death. Sreenivasan said that he had to lie about the late chief minister's death because of pressure.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/jayalalithaa-maa-death-sreenivasan-dhinakaran-apollo-hospital-1050830-2017-09-23|title=How did J Jayalalithaa die? A year later, AIADMK leader says was forced to lie about Amma's death|website=India Today}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
In [[Mani Ratnam]]'s political drama ''[[Iruvar]]'' (1997), the character of Kalpana portrayed by [[Aishwarya Rai]], was inspired by Jayalalithaa and her professional and personal relationship with [[M. G. Ramachandran]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2016/dec/07/how-mani-ratnams-iruvar-put-the-spotlight-on-jaya-1546363.html|title=How Mani Ratnam's Iruvar put the spotlight on Jaya|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/071216/throwback-when-aishwarya-rai-bachchan-played-jayalalithaa-on-the-big-screen.html|title=Throwback: When Aishwarya played Jayalalithaa on the big-screen|date=7 December 2016|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/2016/12/06/aishwarya-rai-played-jayalalithaa-iruvar-mani-ratnam-mgr-mohanlal-karunanidhi-tamil-film-prakash-raj|title=Aishwarya Rai as Jayalalithaa: When the Big Screen Proved Small|website=The Quint|date=6 December 2016}}</ref> [[Faisal Saif]] completed work on major portions of a film titled ''[[Amma (2018 film)|Amma]]'' between 2014 and 2016, but was forced to shelve it following threats from members of Jayalalithaa's political party. The makers denied that the film was a biopic, but stated that actress [[Ragini Dwivedi]] portrayed a role resembling the politician.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/jayalalithaa-reel-and-real-life-inspires-amma-208217-2014-10-01|title=Jayalalithaa's reel and real life inspires Amma|first1=Aravind Gowda|last1=October 1|first2=2014UPDATED|last2=October 1|first3=2014 12:31|last3=Ist|website=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/260618/political-biopics-face-threats-cuts.html|title=Why Jayalalithaa biopic was shelved, ones on Indira Gandhi, Shastri remain uncertain|first=Uma|last=Ramasubramanian|date=26 June 2018|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>

Since Jayalalithaa's death, several filmmakers have announced biopics on the politician, with six currently in production. In January 2017, Telugu filmmaker [[Dasari Narayana Rao]] registered the title ''Amma'' and began preparing for a biopic on the politician. The film was being planned with [[Anushka Shetty]] in the lead role, but Rao's death in May 2017 effectively ended the project, despite indications that [[Mohan Babu]] may revive it.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/amma-jayalalithaa-biopic-dasari-narayana-rao-ramya-krishnan-952959-2017-01-03|title=Jayalalithaa's life on film: Dasari Narayana Rao to direct biopic?|agency=Ist|newspaper=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/dasari-had-planned-jayalalithaa-biopic-with-anushka-shetty/story-AfNc34kCGEnFkzSwSDC2eN.html|title=Dasari Narayana Rao had planned Jayalalithaa biopic with Anushka Shetty|date=31 May 2017|website=www.hindustantimes.com}}</ref> Producer Adithya Bharadwaj announced that his team were over a year into pre-production work for a proposed biopic of Jayalalithaa, during December 2017. Titled ''Thaai: Puratchi Thalaivi'', he revealed that it would predominantly be a fictionalised retelling of her story with some real life footage also included. Bharadwaj suggested that he had briefly touched upon the possibility of a biopic with Jayalalithaa when she was alive, but the script had to be reworked following her death. Despite his suggestions that the film would begin production in January 2018, the project did not take off.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/a-biopic-on-j-jayalalithaa/articleshow/62253802.cms|title=A biopic on J Jayalalithaa |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://scroll.in/reel/863002/jayalalithaa-biopic-in-the-works-titled-thaai-puratchi-thalaivi|title=Jayalalithaa biopic in the works, titled 'Thaai: Puratchi Thalaivi'|work=Scroll.in}}</ref> Soon after news emerged about Vijay's and Priyadarshini's biopics in August 2018, Adithya reconfirmed that [[Bharathiraja]] had been signed to be the director of the film. He added that the team were considering either Aishwarya Rai or Anushka Shetty for the role of Jayalalithaa, and either [[Kamal Haasan]] or [[Mohanlal]] for the role of M. G. Ramachandran.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/bharathirajaa-to-direct-a-biopic-on-j-jayalalithaa-1318856-2018-08-20|title=Three Jayalalithaa biopics in a week: Bharathirajaa wants Aishwarya as Amma?|agency=Ist|newspaper=India Today}}</ref>

In August 2018, producer Vishnu Vardhan Induri of Vibri Media announced that he was working on a biopic of Jayalalithaa, and that [[A. L. Vijay]] would direct the project.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/jayalalithaa-biopic-announced-with-al-vijay-as-director-details-here-1315657-2018-08-16|title=Jayalalithaa biopic announced with AL Vijay as director. Details here|agency=Ist|newspaper=India Today}}</ref> The team announced that pre-production work and research was ongoing and that the film would focus on the personal life of the politician, showing her vulnerable side. Actresses including [[Nayanthara]] and [[Vidya Balan]] were initially approached by Vijay to star in the lead role, while [[Sai Pallavi]] was considered for the supporting role of [[V. K. Sasikala]]. Titled ''[[Thalaivi]]'' (2021), the film began its shoot after a long pre-production phase in November 2019 with [[Kangana Ranaut]] signed to play the lead role.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://silverscreen.in/news/sai-pallavi-may-play-sasikala-in-al-vijays-jayalalithaa-biopic/|title=Sai Pallavi May Play Sasikala In AL Vijay's Jayalalithaa Biopic|first1=Rajeshwari|last1=Manik|first2=an On|last2=December 28|last3=2018|date=28 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/anushka-shetty-aishwarya-rai-vidya-balan-in-talks-to-play-jayalalithaa-in-upcoming-biopic-all-you-need-to-know-5046851.html|title=Anushka Shetty, Aishwarya Rai, Vidya Balan in talks to play Jayalalithaa in upcoming biopic: All you need to know- Entertainment News, Firstpost|date=26 August 2018|website=Firstpost}}</ref><ref name="vijay">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/one-more-biopic-planned-on-former-cm-jayalalithaa/article24710436.ece|title=One more biopic planned on former CM Jayalalithaa|first=Udhav|last=Naig|date=17 August 2018|via=www.thehindu.com|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> Within a day of Induri's announcement of making a film, director Priyadarshini announced that she had also been working for four months on the pre-production of a biopic, which would be launched in September 2018. Priyadarshini suggested that she had four scripts ready, with each focusing on different aspects of Jayalalithaa's life, and that the narration would be balanced by showing both her positive and negative sides.<ref name="vijay"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/another-biopic-on-jayalalithaa-announced-1316129-2018-08-16|title=Another biopic on Jayalalithaa announced!|agency=Ist|newspaper=India Today}}</ref> Titled ''The Iron Lady'', [[Nithya Menen]] was signed on to play the lead role, while [[Aishwarya Rajesh]] and [[Varalaxmi Sarathkumar]] were in talks for a supporting role for the character of Sasikala.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/nithya-menen-on-her-signing-spree-working-with-mysskin-in-psycho-and-playing-jayalalitha-in-priyadarshinis-biopic-5570381.html|title=Nithya Menen on her signing spree, working with Mysskin in Psycho and playing Jayalalitha in Priyadarshini's biopic- Entertainment News, Firstpost|date=18 November 2018|website=Firstpost}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://origin-www.sify.com/movies/the-iron-lady-nithya-menen-as-jayalalithaa-varalakshmi-to-play-sasikala-news-tamil-sjwkTsdjjgajj.html|title=The Iron Lady: Nithya Menen as Jayalalithaa, Varalakshmi to play Sasikala?|website=Sify}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://silverscreen.in/news/the-iron-lady-biopic-on-jayalalithaa-to-go-on-floors-february-2019/|title='The Iron Lady' Biopic On Jayalalithaa To Go On Floors February 2019|first1=Rajeshwari|last1=Manik|first2=an On|last2=October 31|last3=2018|date=31 October 2018}}</ref>

Another biopic to be shot as a web-series by [[Gautham Menon]] became the fourth such announcement of a related project in August 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/filmmaker-gautham-menon-to-helm-a-web-series-on-jayalalithaa/19753196|title=Filmmaker Gautham Menon to helm a web series on Jayalalithaa|date=30 August 2018|website=mid-day}}</ref> Production on the series progressed quietly throughout late 2018, with [[Ramya Krishnan]] selected to play Jayalalithaa, and [[Indrajith Sukumaran|Indrajith]] and [[Vamsi Krishna]] portraying M. G. Ramchandran and [[Sobhan Babu]] respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://origin-www.sify.com/movies/gautham-menon-silently-directing-jayalalithaa-biopic-news-tamil-smwlkKhchgfgh.html|title=Gautham Menon silently directing Jayalalithaa biopic!|website=Sify}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://silverscreen.in/news/gautham-menon-to-direct-a-tv-series-on-j-jayalalithaa/|title=Gautham Menon To Direct A TV Series On J Jayalalithaa|first1=Rajeshwari|last1=Manik|first2=an On|last2=December 22|last3=2018|date=22 December 2018}}</ref> In October 2018, Sasikala's nephew Jeyanandh Dhivakaran announced a further biopic on Jayalalithaa, which would focus more on her relationship with Sasikala and M. Natarajan. Director [[N. Linguswamy|Linguswamy]] was signed on to the project, and began pre-production work by meeting close aides and politicians of Jayalalithaa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://silverscreen.in/news/lingusamy-to-direct-jayalalitha-biopic/|title=Lingusamy To Direct Jayalalithaa Biopic|last1=V|first2=hana On|last2=October 24|last3=2018|date=24 October 2018}}</ref> In April 2019, director Jegadeswara Reddy announced that he was set to make a film titled ''[[Sasilalithaa]]'', which would showcase the relationship between Jayalalithaa and Sasikala. A first look poster was launched, with Reddy announcing that he would enter talks with [[Kajol]] and [[Amala Paul]] to play the lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/sasilalitha-another-biopic-on-former-tamil-nadu-cm-jayalalithaa-announced-1496905-2019-04-08 | title=Sasilalitha: Another biopic on former Tamil Nadu CM Jayalalithaa announced |date=8 April 2019 |work=India Today |access-date=24 November 2019}}</ref>

Jayalalithaa also appeared in an episode of ''[[Rendezvous with Simi Garewal]]'', an informal [[chat-show]] hosted by Indian actress [[Simi Garewal]], where she talked about her personal life and acting/political career.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rendezvous with Jayalalithaa |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yZOar04g4zk |publisher=Simi Garewal |date=Feb 11, 2017}}</ref>

== Elections contested and positions held ==
=== Tamil Nadu Legislative elections ===
{|
|- style="background:#adc;"
! width="160" |Elections
! width="100" |Constituency
! width="70" |Party
! width="70" |Result
! width="70" |Vote percentage
! width="150" |Opposition Candidate
! width="70" |Opposition Party
! width="70" |Opposition vote percentage
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| bgcolor="98FB98" |[[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]||[[Bodinayakkanur (State Assembly Constituency)|Bodinayakkanur]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||Won||54.41||Muthu Manoharan||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||27.27
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| rowspan = "2" bgcolor="98FB98" |[[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]||[[Bargur (State Assembly Constituency)|Bargur]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||Won||65.18||[[T. Rajendar]]||[[Thayaga Marumalarchi Kazhagam|TMK]]||29.34
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|[[Kangayam (State Assembly Constituency)|Kaangayam]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||Won||63.44||[[N. S. Rajkumar Manraadiar]]||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||32.85
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| bgcolor="FFA07A" |[[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]||[[Bargur (State Assembly Constituency)|Bargur]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||Lost||43.54||[[E. G. Sugavanam]]||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||50.71
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| bgcolor="98FB98" |[[2002–2003 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-election|2002 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-election]]||[[Andipatti (state assembly constituency)|Aandippatti]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||Won||58.22||Vaigai Sekar||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||27.64
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| bgcolor="98FB98" |[[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]||[[Andipatti (state assembly constituency)|Aandippatti]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||Won||55.04||Seeman||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||36.29
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| bgcolor="98FB98" |[[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]||[[Srirangam (State Assembly Constituency)|Thiruvarangam]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||Won||58.99||N. Anand||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||35.55
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| bgcolor="98FB98" |[[2015 elections in India#Tamil Nadu|2015 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-election]]||[[Radhakrishnan Nagar|Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||Won||88.43||C. Mahendran||[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]||5.35
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| bgcolor="98FB98" |[[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]||[[Radhakrishnan Nagar|Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||Won||55.87||Shimla Muthuchozhan||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||33.14
|}

===Posts in Parliament of India===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!width=70|Year
!width=195|Constituency
!width=300|Position
!width=150|From
!width=150|To
|-
| [[1984 Indian Rajya Sabha elections|1984]] || [[Tamil Nadu]] || [[Member of Parliament]], [[Rajya Sabha]] || 3 April 1984 || 28 January 1989
|}

===Posts in Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!width=70|Year
!width=195|Constituency
!width=300|Position
!width=150|From
!width=150|To
|-
| [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || [[Bodinayakkanur (state assembly constituency)|Bodinayakkanur]] || [[Leader of the Opposition]] || 9 February 1989 || 30 November 1989
|-
| 1989 || Bodinayakkanur || [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]] || 1 December 1989 || 30 January 1991
|-
| [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]] || [[Bargur (state assembly constituency)|Bargur]] || [[Chief Minister]] || 24 June 1991 || 12 May 1996
|-
| [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]] || Not Contested || Chief Minister || 14 May 2001 || 21 September 2001
|-
| [[2002–2003 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-election|2002]] || [[Andipatti (state assembly constituency)|Aandippatti]] || Chief Minister || 2 March 2002 || 12 May 2006
|-
| [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]] || Aandippatti || [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]] || 19 May 2006 || 28 May 2006
|-
| 2006 || Aandippatti || [[Leader of the Opposition]] || 29 May 2006 || 14 May 2011
|-
| [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]] || [[Srirangam (state assembly constituency)|Thiruvarangam]] || [[Chief Minister]] || 16 May 2011 || 27 September 2014
|-
| 2015 || [[Radhakrishnan Nagar|Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar]] || Chief Minister || 23 May 2015 || 22 May 2016
|-
| [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]] || Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar || Chief Minister || 23 May 2016 || 5 December 2016
|}

== Awards and honors ==
* In 1972, J. Jayalalithaa was awarded the [[Kalaimamani]] by the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="degrees"/>
* [[Honorary doctorate]] received from [[University of Madras]] in 1991.<ref name="degrees">{{cite web|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/gov_cm.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090911085023/http://www.tn.gov.in/gov_cm.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 September 2009 |title=Awards and Special Degrees |publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu |location=Chennai, India |access-date=10 November 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://goodtimes.ndtv.com/PhotoDetail.aspx?Page=37&ID=6852&AlbumType=PG| title=Awards| publisher=NDTV|access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref>
* Honorary doctorate received from [[Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University|The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University]] in 1992.<ref name="degrees"/>
* Honorary doctorate received from [[Madurai Kamaraj University]] in 1993.<ref name="degrees"/>
* Honorary doctorate received from [[Tamil Nadu Agricultural University]] in 2003.<ref name="degrees"/>
* Honorary doctorate received from [[Bharathidasan University]] in 2003.<ref name="degrees"/>
* In 2004, She was invited by the [[House of Lords]], [[London]] to receive the "Woman Politician of the Decade Award" from the Asian Guild Awards.<ref name="degrees"/>
* In 2004, The "Golden Star of Honor and Dignity Award" was conferred upon her by the [[Ukraine]]-based International Human Rights Defense Committee recognizing her services in protecting the weaker section of society and in the field of gender equality in Tamil Nadu and India.<ref name="degrees"/> Then [[Secretary-General of the United Nations|United Nations Secretary General]] [[Kofi Annan]], [[President of Russia|Russian President]] [[Vladimir Putin]] and [[Prime Minister of Iceland|Iceland Prime Minister]] [[Davíð Oddsson|David oddson]] were the only three previous recipients of the award<ref>{{cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/jayalalithaa-to-be-awarded-soon/articleshow/878290.cms?from=mdr |title=Jayalalithaa to be awarded soon|date=8 October 2004|work=Economic Times}}</ref>
* In 2011, a resolution was passed by the [[New Jersey General Assembly]] to appreciate her exemplary excellence and dedication as a leader and in service to the people of Tamil Nadu.<ref name="degrees"/>
* In 2018, Government of Tamil Nadu renamed [[Tamil Nadu Fisheries University]] after her as Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University.
* In 2019, Government of Tamil Nadu named three Kalaimamani award after her as Puratchi Thalaivi Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Special Kalaimamani Award.
* In 2019, Government of Tamil Nadu renamed [[Tamil Nadu Music and Fine Arts University]] after her as The Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Music and Fine Arts University.
* In 2020, Government of Tamil Nadu renamed Tamil Nadu State Council for Higher Education Campus after her as Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Campus.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jayalalithaa statue to be installed at State Council for Higher Education |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/jayalalithaa-statue-to-be-installed-at-state-council-for-higher-education/article31157434.ece |access-date=25 March 2020 |work=The Hindu |date=25 March 2020 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
* On 31 July 2020, [[Chennai Mofussil Bus Terminus]] in [[Chennai]] has been renamed as [[Puratchi Thalaivi Dr. J. Jayalalithaa CMBT metro station|Puratchi Thalaivi Dr. J. Jayalalithaa CMBT Metro]] by [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] to honor her.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2020/jul/31/tamil-nadu-government-to-rename-three-metro-rail-stations-in-chennai-after-late-chief-ministers-2177261.html |title=Tamil Nadu government to rename three metro rail stations in Chennai after late Chief Ministers |date=31 July 2020 |access-date=31 July 2020 |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== See also ==
* [[First Jayalalithaa ministry]]
* [[Second Jayalalithaa ministry]]
* [[Third Jayalalithaa ministry]]
* [[Fourth Jayalalithaa ministry]]
* [[Fifth Jayalalithaa ministry]]
* [[Sixth Jayalalithaa ministry]]

== Further reading ==
{{refbegin|2}}
* {{cite book|title=Amma: Jayalalithaa's Journey From Movie Star To Political Queen|last=Vassanthi|ref=Vaasanthi|publisher=Juggernaut|year=2016|isbn=978-8193284148}}
* {{cite book|title=Cut-outs, Caste and Cines Stars|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8ldacEfF58EC&q=jayalalitha+saree+pulled+in+assembly&pg=PA88|last=Vassanthi|ref=Vaasanthi|publisher=Penguin Books India|year=2008|isbn=978-0-14-306312-4}}
* {{Cite book |last=Ramaswamy |first=Vijaya |title=Historical dictionary of the Tamils|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H4q0DHGMcjEC&q=jayalalitha+films&pg=PA101 |year=2007|publisher=Scarecrow Press|location=United States|isbn=978-0-470-82958-5|ref=Ramaswamy}}
* {{cite book|title=M.G. Ramachandran: Jewel of the Masses|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CIX11WBlVGAC&q=jayalalitha+films&pg=PA1986|last=Swaminathan|first=Roopa|publisher=Rupa Publications|page=1986|year=2002|isbn=9788171678976|ref=Swaminathan}}
* {{cite book|last=Velayutham|first=Selvaraj|title=Tamil Cinema: The Cultural Politics of India's Other Film Industry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kuPaE3v22zAC&q=jayalalitha+films&pg=PA93|page=93|year=2008|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-39680-6|ref=Velayutham}}
* {{cite book|title=Love's Rite|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=trQj0GrKuPoC&q=jayalalitha+%2B+women+police+stations&pg=PA158|last=Vanitha|first=Rose|ref=Vanitha|publisher=Penguin Books India|year=2005|isbn=978-0-14-400059-3}}
* {{cite book|title=Refugee Management: Sri Lankan Refugges in Tamil Nadu, 1983–2000|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4eDh7Y7wYXgC&q=jayalalitha+1991+rajiv|year=2005|last=Das|first=Sumita|publisher=Mittal publications|isbn=9788183240666|ref=Das}}
* {{cite book|title=My Frozen Turbulence In Kashmir|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wpVhCICrRb4C&q=janaki+ramachandran+chief+minister|last=Jagmohan|year=2007|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=9788181242174}}
* {{cite book|title=Jayalalithaa: A Journey|last=Sen Sri Raman|first=Papri|publisher=Vitasta Publishing|year=2017|isbn=978-9382711865|location=Delhi}}
{{refend}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Sister project links|wikt=no|commons=Category:J. Jayalalithaa|Jayalalithaa| b=no | n=no | q=Jayalalithaa | s=no|v=no|voy=no|species=no|d=no|display=J. Jayalalithaa}}

*[https://www.scribd.com/document/339287469/Full-text-SC-order-convicting-Sasikala-in-DA-case#fullscreen&from_embed/ In The Supreme Court Of India Criminal Appellate Jurisdiction]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4762593.stm Profile] at ''[[BBC News]]''
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080227154244/http://transcurrents.com/tamiliana/archives/549 Jayalalithaa: From Alluring Actress to Powerful Politician-by D.B.S. Jeyaraj]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1850717.stm BBC News article – ''Jayalalitha returns to power'' (dated 2 March 2002)]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4762593.stm BBC – Controversial life of Jayalalitha]
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/tamil/jaya_thapar.ram BBC Hardtalk RealPlayer video of Jayalalitha (RealPlayer required)]
* {{IMDb name|0412883|J.Jayalalitha}}
*[https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/the-life-and-times-of-jayalalitha/205450 The Life And Times Of Jayalalitha | Outlook India Magazine]

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V. K. Sassikala

2022-04-10T08:22:52Z

Snthilakammarist:

{{Short description|Indian Busness woman turned politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = V. K. Sassikala
| image =
| caption =
|office = President Of [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]] |term_start = 12 March 2022 | office1 = General secretary of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| term_start1 = {{Start date|2016|12|29|df=yes}}
| term_end1 = 12 September 2017<ref name="sasioust" />
| predecessor1 = [[J. Jayalalithaa]]
| successor1 = ''Position abolished''

| birth_name = Vivekanandan Krishnaveni Sasikala
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1954|08|18|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Thiruthuraipoondi]], [[Thiruvarur]], [[Madras State]] (present day [[Tamil Nadu]]), India 
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| nickname ={{hlist|Puratchi Thaai|Chinnamma|Singa Thaaragai}}
| website ={{url|http://puratchithaai.com/}}
| spouse = {{Marriage|[[Draft:M.Natarajan|M. Natarajan]]|1973|2018|end=death}}
| parents = {{Unbulleted_list|Vivekanandan Saluvar|Krishnaveni}}
| relatives =
}}
'''Vivekanandan Krishnaveni Sassikala''' {{efn|In 2001 Sasikala appended an additional letter "s" to her name for [[numerological]] reasons.<ref>{{cite news |author= |url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/2001/06/18/name.html |archive-url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/2001/06/18/name.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 18 2001 |title=நியூமராலஜி படி பெயர் மாற்றிய ஜெ.-சசி |date=June 18 2001|newspaper=[[Oneindia Tamil]] |access-date=June 18 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/sassikala-springs-tansi-plot/cid/867014 |title=Sassikala springs Tansi plot |author=R. Venkatraman|work=Telegram Online |access-date=September 25 2002 |archive-url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/sassikala-springs-tansi-plot/cid/867014 |archive-date=September 25 2002 |url-status=dead }}. May 2009.</ref>}} (born 18 August 1954), also known Sasikala Natarajan and VKS, is an Indian businesswoman and politician who serving as the first and current president of the [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]] (AMMK),a Dravidian party whose cadre revered her as their "Chinnamma" (Mother's sister) "Puratchi Thaai" (Revolutionary mother). She was a close friend of [[J. Jayalalithaa]], the late [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]], who headed the AIADMK from 1989 until her death in 2016. After Jayalalithaa's death, the party's general council elected her as the secretary general of AIADMK. She Was removed her from the post on 20 August 2017.She was selected as ammk president on 2022.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2016/dec/29/aiadmk-unanimously-elects-sasikala-as-the-party-general-secretary-1554145--1.html | title=AIADMK unanimously elects Sasikala as the party general secretary | newspaper=[[New Indian Express]] | date=29 December 2016 | accessdate=19 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/sasikala-has-accepted-aiadmk-general-secretary-post-paneerselvam-says/articleshow/56233725.cms | title=Sasikala has accepted AIADMK general secretary post, Paneerselvam says | publisher=[[The Times of India]] | work=Julie Mariappan | date=29 December 2016 | accessdate=19 December 2017}}</ref>

Sassikala was backbone for J Jayalalithaa. On 14 February 2017, a two-bench Supreme Court jury pronounced her guilty and ordered her immediate arrest in a disproportionate-assets case, effectively ending her chief ministerial ambitions. She was released in January 2021, and announced that till Tamilnadu General Election 2021 she will be calm for the good for the AIADMK party, but 2022,Sassikala was selected president of ammk.

== Early life ==
Sasikala was born in a Tamil family from [[Chennai]] who later moved to [[Mannargudi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/female-don-how-vk-sasikala-and-mannargudi-mafia-strengtherned-their-clout/story-qPqGAe7vBZ4HbUqwRIJWpL.html|title=How Sasikala and 'Mannargudi mafia' strengthened clout in Tamil Nadu power play}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The rise of Chinnamma|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20170220-sasikala-chinnamma-panneerselvam-aiadmk-jayalalithaa-985733-2017-02-11|access-date=2020-12-04|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> Her marriage to M. Natarajan was presided over by [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] leader [[Karunanidhi|M. Karunanidhi]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.catchnews.com/politics-news/importance-of-being-sasikala-will-jayalalithaa-s-confidante-be-her-heir-1481032645.html |title=Importance of being Sasikala: Will Jayalalithaa's confidante be her heir? |author=Akash Bisht |publisher=CatchNews |date=6 December 2016 }}</ref> Her husband, was a public relations officer in the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]], who worked closely with the [[District Collector]] of [[Cuddalore district|Cuddalore]], [[V. S. Chandralekha]], who in turn was very close to Tamil Nadu Chief Minister [[M. G. Ramachandran]]. This helped Sasikala in gaining the friendship of [[Jayalalithaa]] and shaped her further life.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Singh|first1=Raj|title=The complete story of Jayalalithaa and Sasikala Natarajan|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/politics/national/the-complete-story-of-jayalalithaa-and-sasikala-natarajan-12762.html?page=3|website=indiatvnews.com|publisher=India TV News|access-date=2014-07-07}}</ref>. == Career ==
=== Early career ===
In the early 1980s, through [[V. S. Chandralekha]], who was then the [[District Collector]] of [[South Arcot]], and a friend of [[Draft:M.Natarajan|M.Natarajan]], Sassikala gained acquaintance with Jayalalithaa, who was then the Propaganda Secretary of the [[AIADMK]]. Since Sassikala helped in video coverage of party meetings and distribution of policies of AIADMK through CD's, Sassikala and Jayalalithaa gradually became very close.<ref>{{cite news|title=The many homes of Sasikala Natarajan|date=12 July 1996|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1996/0712shob.htm|first=Shobha|last=Warrier|work=Rediff}}</ref> After MGR's Death Sassikala Only with Jayalalitha.After, JJ Become General Secretary Of Aiadmk And Chief Minister Of Tamil Nadu, Sassikala Become a Powercentre.Jayalalithaa indulged in public displays of wealth, culminating in a lavish wedding for her foster son VN Sudhakaran (VK Sassikala's elder sister son) in 1995. In the 1996 election,AIADMK defeated ;The new Karunanidhi government filed several corruption cases against her and JJ.In June 20, 1996,Sassikala Was arrested for some cases,she had to spend 1 year in jail.in 1997 she was realsed.In 1999,Jayalalithaa appeared in an episode of Rendezvous with Simi Garewal,She tells 'Sassikala Will My Second Mother'.In 2001,Jayalalithaa was disqualified from holding office and forced ,Sassikala Was Suggested [[O. Panneerselvam]] as Chief Minister.In 2006,Sassikala Become Aiadmk General Council Member.
=== Temporary expulsion from AIADMK ===
27 August 1996, Jayalalitha Expelled his long time- associate Sassikala And quoted,'I and Sassikala no longer have any relationship I am most indebted to my friend for giving me spiritual prosperity and love during my difficult times. But I feel that the party is more important than a few individuals as I am compelled to stay away from Sassikala and Sudhakaran completely from you if the party members change'.After 1997 July Sassikala Relesed She Said,“Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Karunanidhi and Union Finance Minister P. Chidambaram acted to seek revenge on Sassikala. He was retaliated against for the sole reason that Sassikala was close to me. Sassikala was not the cause of the 1996 election defeat. I had to break up with Sassikala, who had been with me during the ups and downs of my life, because of issues raised by my opponents within the party. ”On 19 December 2011, Jayalalithaa expelled Sassikala and 13 others including Sassikala's husband [[Draft:M.Natarajan|M. Natarajan]], [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]], their relatives, and Jayalalithaa's foster son V. N. Sudhakaran from the AIADMK.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/jaya-expels-close-aide-sasikala-husband-from-aiadmk/889588/ | title=Jaya expels close aide Sasikala, husband from AIADMK | work=IndianExpress | date=19 December 2011 | access-date=2011-12-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title='I don't know for how many days Sasikala's expulsion will last'|work=Rediff|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-i-dont-know-how-many-days-the-expulsion-will-last-chandralekha/20111222.htm|date=22 December 2011|first=Shobha|last=Warrier}}</ref> This act of Jayalalithaa was considered a way to prove that she was not under the influence of Sassikala and her family. The matter was resolved by 31 March 2012, when Sassikala was reinstated as a party member after issuing a written apology.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article371374.ece |title=Sasikala back at Poes Garden |newspaper=The New Indian Express |date=3 April 2012 |access-date=2013-11-10}}</ref>
=== General Secretary of AIADMK ===
In a meeting held on 29 December 2016 – the first meeting after Jayalalithaa's death on 5 December 2016 – the AIADMK general council selected Sassikala as the party's general secretary.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/V.K.-Sasikala-appointed-as-AIADMK-general-secretary/article16957866.ece |title= V.K. Sasikala appointed as AIADMK general secretary |newspaper=The Hindu |date=29 December 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thequint.com/india/2016/12/31/spent-33-years-looking-after-amma-sasikala-first-public-speech-aiadmk-jayalalithaa-tamil-nadu-chennai |title=Spent 33 Years Looking After Amma: Sasikala's First Public Speech |work=The Quint|date=31 December 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/vk-sasikala-asked-to-explain-her-appointment-as-general-secretary-in-aiadmk-1660722|title=VK Sasikala Asked To Explain Her Appointment As General Secretary In AIADMK|publisher=NDTV.com|access-date=2017-02-19}}</ref>
=== Chief Minister Elect of Tamil Nadu ===
On 5 February 2017, Sassikala was unanimously elected as the AIADMK Legislature Party Leader by a meeting of all the MLAs in the party.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/sasikala-set-to-become-tamil-nadu-chief-minister/article17197392.ece1?google_editors_picks=true|title=Sasikala set to become Tamil Nadu Chief Minister|last=Jesudasan|first=Dennis S.|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-02-27|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/sasikala-natarajan-appointed-legislative-party-leader-of-aiadmk-tamil-nadu-chennai-chief-minister/|title=Sasikala Natarajan appointed as Legislature Party Leader, set to become Chief Minister}}</ref>
Tamil Nadu Governor [[Ch. Vidyasagar Rao]] accepted the resignation of Chief Minister [[O. Panneerselvam]] on 6 February 2017, and instructed him to continue to function as acting Chief Minister "until alternate arrangements are made". The Governor delayed announcing VK Sassikala as the new Chief Minister, waiting for the verdict of the disproportionate assets case on her. On February 14, 2017, VK Sassikala was convicted and sentenced to 4 years sentence in [[Bengaluru]]'s Parappana Agrahara Jail and gave her 24 hours to surrender. The governor, then rejected her claims to become Chief Minister. VK Sassikala then convened the party's MLA council in her capacity as the General Secretary. There,She announced [[Edappadi K. Palanisamy]] was unanimously appointed as the new Chief Minister and he was sworn in the next day.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/tn-governor-accepts-resignation-of-cm-o-panneerselvam-and-his-council-of-ministers/article9523821.ece|title=Governor accepts CMs resignation|website=[[Business Line]]|publisher=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
=== Expulsion ===
On August 21, 2017, it was reported that the AIADMK faction loyal to Chief Minister [[Edappadi K. Palaniswami]], had decided to merge with the faction of [[O. Panneerselvam]], and expel Sassikala as the General Secretary as it was one of the key demands for the merger.<ref name="ccc">{{cite web |title=Sasikala to be expelled from AIADMK, OPS settles for deputy CM |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/sasikala-be-expelled-aiadmk-ops-settles-deputy-cm-67147 |website=The News Minute |access-date=1 December 2018 |date=21 August 2017}}</ref> It was reported on August 28 that Sassikala had been expelled during a party meeting,<ref>{{cite web |last1=NARASIMHAN |first1=T. E. |title=Ruling AIADMK expels Sasikala & Dhinakaran, plans to retrieve Jaya TV |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/ruling-aiadmk-expels-sasikala-dhinakaran-plans-to-retrieve-jaya-tv-117082800333_1.html |website=Business Standard India |date=28 August 2017}}</ref> but this was later clarified to be not true. Among the resolutions passed, the AIADMK declared that Sassikala's appointment as general secretary was disputable and as such, T. T. V. Dhinakaran's appointment as deputy general secretary, as well as his decisions were cancelled. It also decided to celebrate [[M. G. Ramachandran]]'s birth centenary in a lavish manner and keep the party united.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Madhav |first1=Pramodh |title=Sasikala still not expelled after meeting of merged AIADMK factions |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/aiadmk-edappadi-k-palaniswami-o-panneerselvam-resolutions-vk-sasikala-ttv-dinakaran-tamil-nadu-1033064-2017-08-28 |website=India Today |date=28 August 2017}}</ref>

On September 12, the AIADMK general council decided to cancel Sassikala's appointment as general secretary and expelled her from the party, though officials appointed to party posts by her were allowed to continue discharging their functions. Instead, the late J. Jayalalithaa was named the eternal general secretary of AIADMK.<ref name="sasioust">{{cite web |title=AIADMK sacks Sasikala, says Jaya is 'eternal general secretary' |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/120917/sasikala-is-expelled-announces-aiadmk-after-general-council-meet.html |website=Deccan Chronicle|date=12 September 2017}}</ref>
===Re-entering in politics===
The expulsion of Sassikala and her family led to the new parties in 2018 [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]] And Anna Dravidar Kazhagam,[[Anna Mgr Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam]]. [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran|T.T.V.Dhinakaran]] And V.K.Dhivakaran,[[T.T.V.Bhasakar]] was the general secretaries of that parties.<ref name="DMK">{{cite web |title=T.T.V. Dhinakaran launches Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/ttv-dhinakaran-announces-party-name/article23250847./amp/|website=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref>

After being released from jail, Sassikala announced her intention to return to active politics in February 2021. On March 3 however, she announced her decision to quit politics.<ref>{{cite web |title=V K Sasikala says she is quitting politics ahead of Tamil Nadu polls|url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/v-k-sasikala-says-she-is-quitting-politics-ahead-of-tamil-nadu-polls-11614787477346.html |website=Livemint |language=en}}</ref> After that, Sassikala, who was talking to her supporters on her cell phone, went to the memorial of J.Jayalalithaa on October 16, 2021 and started a week-long political tour after paying tribute.She Was Become Ammk president in 2022.
== Conviction ==
{{Main|Disproportionate assets case against Jayalalithaa}}
On 14 February 2017, the [[Supreme Court of India]] found Sassikala and her co-accused — Ilavarasi (her sister-in-law) and V. N. Sudhakaran (her nephew) — guilty of conspiring, laundering and amassing illicit wealth worth about {{INRConvert|66.44|c|year=1996}} in the 1990s in a criminal conspiracy with Jayalalithaa. The three were sentenced to a four-year jail term.<ref name="shell">{{Cite news|last1=Ushinor|first1=Majumdar|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/what-the-sc-said-about-jayalalithaa-she-was-the-source-of-funds-for-shell-compan/297959|title=What The SC Said About Jayalalithaa: She Was The Source Of Funds For Shell Companies|newspaper=[[Outlook India]]|access-date=2017-02-15}}</ref> This restored ''[[in toto]]'' her earlier conviction in the case<ref name="toto">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Jayalalithaa-Sasikala-criminally-conspired-at-Poes-Garden-to-launder-ill-gotten-wealth-SC/article17301596.ece|title=Jayalalithaa, Sasikala criminally conspired at Poes Garden to launder ill-gotten wealth: SC|last=Rajagopal|first=Krishnadas|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2017-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214124736/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Jayalalithaa-Sasikala-criminally-conspired-at-Poes-Garden-to-launder-ill-gotten-wealth-SC/article17301596.ece|archive-date=14 February 2017|location=[[New Delhi]]}}</ref> delivered on 27 September 2014,<ref name="original">{{cite news|title=Justice John D'Cunha: The no-nonsense judge who convicted Jayalalithaa|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/justice-john-dcunha-the-no-nonsense-judge-who-convicted-jayalalithaa-1732877.html|access-date=2017-02-26|work=[[Firstpost]]|date=29 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807225107/http://www.firstpost.com/india/justice-john-dcunha-the-no-nonsense-judge-who-convicted-jayalalithaa-1732877.html|archive-date=7 August 2016|location=[[Bangalore]]}}</ref> sentencing a four-year jail term to her and her relatives, in addition to imposing a fine of {{INRConvert|10|c}} each.<ref name="cunha">{{cite news|last1=Prathima|first1=Nandakumar|title=Justice D'Cunha: A no-nonsense judge who convicted Jayalalithaa, Sasikala in 2014|url=http://www.theweek.in/news/india/justice-d-cunha-jayalalithaa-sasikala-da-case.html|access-date=2017-02-26|work=[[The Week (India)|The Week]]|date=15 February 2017|archive-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215062812/http://www.theweek.in/news/india/justice-d-cunha-jayalalithaa-sasikala-da-case.html}}</ref> The judgment stipulated that she and her accomplices would serve an additional 12 months in prison if they failed to pay the fine.<ref name="judgement">{{cite web|last1=Pinaki Chandra Ghose|last2=Amitava Roy|title=Crl.A.Nos.300–303 of 2017 etc. State of Karnataka Vs. Selvi J.Jayalalitha and Ors. (Judgment in Disproportionate Assets Case) [PDF] – 14-02-2017|url=http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/FileServer/2017-02-14_1487056122.pdf|website=[[Supreme Court of India]]|access-date=2017-02-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227132148/http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/FileServer/2017-02-14_1487056122.pdf|archive-date=27 February 2017|page=70|date=14 February 2017|author1-link=Pinaki Chandra Ghose|author2-link=Amitava Roy}}</ref>

The Supreme Court refused her plea to surrender after a fortnight and to be allowed to have food from home,<ref name="down">{{cite news|title=Sasikala surrenders in Bengaluru, sent to jail|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/sasikala-surrenders-in-bengaluru-sent-to-jail/364491.html|access-date=2017-02-27|work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]|date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218204644/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/sasikala-surrenders-in-bengaluru-sent-to-jail/364491.html|archive-date=18 February 2017|location=[[Chennai]]/[[Bengaluru]]}}</ref> so Sassikala and Ilavarasi presented themselves for imprisonment on 15 February 2017.<ref name="surrender">{{cite news|title=V K Sasikala surrenders in Bengaluru court|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/sasikala-leaves-for-bengaluru-to-surrender-in-court/article9544368.ece|access-date=2017-02-27|work=[[Business Line]]|agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]|publisher=[[The Hindu]]|date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227114808/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/sasikala-leaves-for-bengaluru-to-surrender-in-court/article9544368.ece|archive-date=27 February 2017|location=[[Chennai]]}}</ref> She was released on 27 January 2021 after completion of her term, though being kept at [[Victoria Hospital (Bangalore Medical College)|Victoria Hospital]] for treatment of [[COVID-19]].<ref>{{cite news|title=V.K. Sasikala released from prison after serving 4-year term|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/vk-sasikala-aide-of-the-former-tn-cm-late-jayalalithaa-released-from-prison-after-serving-4-year-jail-term/article33673396.ece|access-date=2021-03-03|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=27 January 2021|location=[[Bangalore]]}}</ref>
==In Popular Culture==
In [[Queen (web series)|Queen Web Series]] Directed By [[Gautham Vasudev Menon|Gautham Meon]] [[Viji Chandrasekhar]] Played a Role 'Suryakala' (2019).Also In [[Thalaivii|Thalaivi]] Movie Directed By [[A. L. Vijay|AL Vijay]] [[Shamna Kasim]] Played a Role 'Sasi' (2021). First In Thalaivi Movie [[Priyamani]] And [[Sai Pallavi]] was considered for the role of Sassikala.Titled The Iron Lady, Director Priyadhaarshini,the assistant director of [[Mysskin]].[[Nithya Menen]] was signed on to play the Jayalalitha's role, while [[Aishwarya Rajesh]] and [[Varalaxmi Sarathkumar]] were in talks for a role for the character of Sassikala.Sasilalitha,Director K Jagadeswara Reddy [[Kajol]] and [[Amala Paul]] to play Jayalalithaa and Sassikala.

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sasikala, V. K.}}
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Tiruvarur district]]
[[Category:Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Indian prisoners and detainees]]
[[Category:Women in Tamil Nadu politics]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Indian politicians convicted of corruption]]
[[Category:Indian politicians disqualified from office]]
[[Category:Indian money launderers]]
[[Category:Criminals from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Businesswomen from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian politicians convicted of crimes]]

J. Jayalalithaa

2022-04-09T14:09:26Z

Snthilakammarist:

{{short description|Indian politician and actress, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu (1948–2016)}}
{{Indian name|Jayalalithaa|Jayaram}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = J. Jayalalithaa
| image = J Jayalalithaa.jpg
| caption = Jayalalithaa in August 2015
| office = 5th [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]]
| term_start = 23 May 2015
| term_end = 5 December 2016
| governor = {{ubl|[[Konijeti Rosaiah]]|[[C. Vidyasagar Rao]] (Additional Charge)}}
| predecessor = [[O. Panneerselvam]]
| successor = [[O. Panneerselvam]]
| constituency = [[Radhakrishnan Nagar]]
| term_start1 = 16 May 2011
| term_end1 = 27 September 2014
| governor1 = {{ubl|[[Surjit Singh Barnala]]|[[Konijeti Rosaiah]]}}
| predecessor1 = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| successor1 = [[O. Panneerselvam]]
| constituency1 = [[Srirangam (state assembly constituency)|Srirangam]]
| term_start2 = 2 March 2002
| term_end2 = 12 May 2006
| governor2 = {{ubl|[[P. S. Ramamohan Rao]]|[[Surjit Singh Barnala]]}}
| predecessor2 = [[O. Panneerselvam]]
| successor2 = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| constituency2 = [[Andipatti (state assembly constituency)|Andipatti]]
| term_start3 = 14 May 2001
| term_end3 = 21 September 2001
| governor3 = {{ubl|[[Fathima Beevi]]|[[C. Rangarajan]] (Additional Charge)}}
| predecessor3 = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| successor3 = [[O. Panneerselvam]]
| constituency3 = ''Did not contest''
| term_start4 = 24 June 1991
| term_end4 = 12 May 1996
| governor4 = {{ubl|[[Bhishma Narain Singh]]|[[Marri Chenna Reddy]]}}
| predecessor4 = [[President's rule]]
| successor4 = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| constituency4 = [[Bargur (state assembly constituency)|Bargur]]
| office5 = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| term_start5 = 3 April 1984
| term_end5 = 28 January 1989
| 1blankname5 = Leader of the House
| 1namedata5 = {{ubl|[[Pranab Mukherjee]]|[[Vishwanath Pratap Singh]]|[[N. D. Tiwari]]|[[P. Shiv Shankar]]}}
| predecessor5 = [[Sathyavani Muthu]]
| successor5 = [[Tha. Kiruttinan]]
| constituency5 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| office6 = [[Leader of the Opposition]] in the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start6 = 29 May 2006
| term_end6 = 14 May 2011
| 1blankname6 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata6 = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| predecessor6 = [[O. Panneerselvam]]
| successor6 = [[Vijayakanth|Vijayakant]]
| constituency6 = [[Andipatti (state assembly constituency)|Andipatti]]
| 1blankname7 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata7 = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| term_start7 = 9 February 1989
| term_end7 = 30 November 1989
| predecessor7 = [[O. Subramanian]]
| successor7 = [[S. R. Eradha]]
| constituency7 = [[Bodinayakkanur (state assembly constituency)|Bodinayakkanur]]
| office8 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start8 = 4 July 2015
| term_end8 = 5 December 2016
| 1blankname8 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata8 = ''Herself''
| predecessor8 = [[P. Vetrivel]]
| successor8 = [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]]
| constituency8 = [[Radhakrishnan Nagar]]
| term_start9 = 23 May 2011
| term_end9 = 27 September 2014
| 1blankname9 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata9 = ''Herself''
| predecessor9 = [[M. Paranjothi]]
| successor9 = [[S. Valarmathi]]
| constituency9 = [[Srirangam (state assembly constituency)|Srirangam]]
| term_start10 = 24 February 2002
| term_end10 = 14 May 2011
| 1blankname10 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata10 = {{ubl|''Herself''|[[M. Karunanidhi]]}}
| predecessor10 = [[Thanga Tamil Selvan]]
| successor10 = [[Thanga Tamil Selvan]]
| constituency10 = [[Andipatti (state assembly constituency)|Andipatti]]
| term_start11 = 1 July 1991
| term_end11 = 12 May 1996
| 1blankname11 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata11 = ''Herself''
| predecessor11 = [[K. R. Rajendran]]
| successor11 = [[E. G. Sugavanam]]
| constituency11 = [[Bargur (state assembly constituency)|Bargur]]
| term_start12 = 6 February 1989
| term_end12 = 30 January 1991
| 1blankname12 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata12 = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| predecessor12 = [[K. S. M. Ramachandran]]
| successor12 = [[V. Panneerselvam]]
| constituency12 = [[Bodinayakkanur (state assembly constituency)|Bodinayakkanur]]
| office13 = General Secretary of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| term_start13 = 9 February 1989
| term_end13 = 5 December 2016
| 1blankname13 = Inaugural Holder
| 1namedata13 = [[M. G. Ramachandran]]
| predecessor13 = S. Raghavanandam
| successor13 = [[V. K. Sasikala]]
| office14 = [[Ministry of propaganda|Propaganda Secretary]] of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| term_start14 = 1983
| term_end14 = 1984
| 1blankname14 = Party President
| 1namedata14 = [[M. G. Ramachandran]]
| 2blankname14 = General Secretary
| 2namedata14 = [[P. U. Shanmugam]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1948|02|24}}
| birth_place = [[Melukote]], [[Mysore State]], [[Dominion of India]] (present day [[Karnataka]], [[India]])
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2016|12|05|1948|02|24|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| death_cause = [[Cardiac Arrest]]
| resting_place = [[MGR Memorial|Puratchi Thalaivi Jayalalithaa Ninaividam]]
| party = [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] [[File:AIADMK Two Leaves.png|28x28px]]
| relatives = [[Deepa Jayakumar]] (niece)
| residence = Veda Nilayam 81, Poes Garden, [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| alma_mater = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Bishop Cotton Girls' School]]|[[Sacred Heart Matriculation School|Church Park Presentation Convent]]|[[Stella Maris College, Chennai]]}}
| profession = {{hlist|Film actress|writer|politician|philanthropist}}
| awards = * [[Honorary Doctorate]] (1991)
* [[Kalaimamani]] (1972)
| signature = Jayalalithaa Signature.svg
| nickname = ''Amma'', ''Puratchi Thalaivi'', ''Thanga Thaaragai'', ''Kalai Selvi''
}}

'''Jayaram Jayalalithaa'''{{efn|In 2000 Jayalalitha appended an additional letter "a" to her name for [[numerological]] reasons.<ref>{{cite news |author=[[Shashi Tharoor]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mag/2001/12/23/stories/2001122300310300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020328012141/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/mag/2001/12/23/stories/2001122300310300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 March 2002 |title='Scrabble' in real life |date=23 December 2001|newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=23 December 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tehelka.com/2009/05/chasing-the-poll-stars/ |title=Chasing The Poll Stars |author=Tusha Mittal|work=Tehelka |access-date=9 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821172959/http://www.tehelka.com/2009/05/chasing-the-poll-stars/ |archive-date=21 August 2017 |url-status=dead }}. May 2009.</ref>}} (24 February 1948 – 5 December 2016) was an Indian politician and film actress who served as the [[chief minister of Tamil Nadu]] for more than fourteen years between 1991 and 2016. From 9 February 1989, she was the general secretary of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK), a [[Dravidian party]] whose cadre revered her as their "''{{lang|ta|Amma}}''" (mother) and "{{lang|ta|'''Puratchi Thalaivi'''}}" (Revolutionary leader).<ref name="puratchithalavi">{{cite news|title=PURATCHI THALAIVI JAYALALITHAA|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/topic/Puratchi-Thalaivi-Jayalalithaa|access-date=18 December 2016|work=indiatimes.com|date=6 December 2016}}</ref> Her critics in the media and the opposition accused her of fostering a [[personality cult]] and of demanding absolute loyalty from AIADMK legislators and ministers, who often publicly [[Prostration|prostrated]] themselves before her.<ref name="outlook20110321" />

Jayalalithaa first came into prominence as a leading film actress in the mid-1960s. Though she had entered the profession reluctantly, upon the urging of her mother to support the family, Jayalalithaa worked prolifically. She appeared in [[Jayalalithaa filmography|140 films]] between 1961 and 1980, primarily in the [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]], [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] and [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]] languages. Jayalalithaa received praise for her versatility as an actress and for her dancing skills, earning the sobriquet "Queen of Tamil Cinema".<ref name="jjte">{{cite news|title=Jayalalithaa death: Telugu stars mourn Amma's loss!|url=http://zeenews.india.com/regional/jayalalithaa-death-telugu-stars-mourn-ammas-loss_1956451.html|access-date=18 December 2016|work=[[Zee News]]|date=6 December 2016}}</ref> Among her frequent co-stars was [[M. G. Ramachandran]], popularly known as M.G.R, a Tamil [[cultural icon]] who leveraged his immense popularity with the masses into a successful political career. In 1982, when M.G.R was chief minister, Jayalalithaa joined the AIADMK, the party he founded. Her political rise was rapid; within a few years she became AIADMK propaganda secretary and was elected to the [[Rajya Sabha]], the [[upper house]] of [[India's Parliament]]. After M.G.R's death in 1987, Jayalalithaa proclaimed herself his political heir and, having fought off the faction headed by [[V. N. Janaki Ramachandran]], M.G.R's widow, emerged as the sole leader of the AIADMK. Following the [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989 election]], she became Leader of the Opposition to the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]-led government headed by [[M. Karunanidhi]], her ''bête noire''.

In [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]] Jayalalithaa became chief minister, Tamil Nadu's youngest, for the first time. She earned a reputation for centralizing state power among a coterie of bureaucrats; her [[Tamil Nadu Council of Ministers|council of ministers]], whom she often shuffled around, were largely ceremonial in nature. The successful cradle-baby scheme, which enabled mothers to anonymously offer their newborns for adoption, emerged during this time. Despite an official salary of only a rupee a month, Jayalalithaa indulged in public displays of wealth, culminating in a lavish wedding for her foster son in 1995. In the [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996 election]], the [[AIADMK]] was nearly wiped out at the hustings; Jayalalithaa herself lost her seat. The new [[Karunanidhi]] government filed several corruption cases against her, and she had to spend time in jail. Her fortunes revived in the [[Indian general election, 1998 (Tamil Nadu)|1998 general election]], as the AIADMK became a key component of Prime Minister [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]'s 1998–99 government; her withdrawal of support toppled it and triggered [[1999 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu|another general election]] just a year later.

The AIADMK returned to power in [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]], although Jayalalithaa was personally disbarred from contesting due to the corruption cases. Within a few months of her taking oath as chief minister, in September 2001, she was disqualified from holding office and forced to cede the chair to aide [[O. Panneerselvam]]. Upon her acquittal six months later, Jayalalithaa returned as chief minister to complete her term. Noted for its ruthlessness to political opponents, many of whom were arrested in midnight raids, her government grew unpopular. Another period (2006–11) in the opposition followed, before Jayalalithaa was sworn in as chief minister for the fourth time after the AIADMK swept the [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011 assembly election]]. Her government received attention for its extensive social-welfare agenda, which included several subsidized {{lang|ta|"Amma"}}-branded goods such as canteens, bottled water, salt and cement. Three years into her tenure, she was convicted in a [[Disproportionate assets case against Jayalalithaa|disproportionate-assets case]], rendering her disqualified to hold office. She returned as chief minister after being acquitted in May 2015. In the [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016 assembly election]], she became the first Tamil Nadu chief minister since M.G.R in 1984 to be voted back into office. That September, she fell severely ill and, following 75 days of hospitalization, died on 5 December 2016 due to cardiac arrest and became the first female chief minister in India to die in office.

On 29 May 2020, Jayalalithaa's nephew J. Deepak and niece [[Deepa Jayakumar]] were declared as her legal heirs by [[Madras High Court]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/jayalalithaa-s-niece-and-nephew-declared-legal-heirs-can-claim-her-properties-125374|title=Jayalalithaa’s niece and nephew declared legal heirs, can claim her properties|date=27 May 2020|website=The News Minute}}</ref>

== Early life, education and family ==
Jayalalithaa was born on 24 February 1948 as Komalavalli after her grandmother at [[Melukote]], [[Pandavapura]] taluk, [[Mandya]] district, then in [[Mysore State]] (now [[Karnataka]]) to Jayaram and Vedavalli (Sandhya) in a [[Tamils|Tamil]] [[Brahmin]] [[Iyengar]] family.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jayalalithaa Jayaram Biography – About family, political life, awards won, history |url=https://www.elections.in/political-leaders/jayalalithaa-jayaram.html |website=Elections in India |access-date=24 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/why-j-jayalalithaa-was-buried-and-not-cremated/articleshow/55838340.cms|title=Why J Jayalalithaa was buried and not cremated|work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=7 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=IANS|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-in-school-her-name-was-komalavalli-1028237|title=In school her name was Komalavalli|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|date=7 May 2006 |access-date=11 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Babu|first=T. E. Narasimhan & Gireesh|date=2016-12-06|title=Jayalalithaa dead at 68: How Komalavalli became the 'Iron Lady' of Tamil Nadu|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/jayalalithaa-dead-at-68-how-komalavalli-became-the-iron-lady-of-tamil-nadu-116120500945_1.html|access-date=2021-06-10}}</ref>

She was fluent in several languages, including Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, [[Hindi]], Malayalam and English.<ref>{{cite news|agency=IANS |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1872517.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629122520/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1872517.cms |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 June 2013 |title=Jayalalithaa to debut in Hindi for campaigns |newspaper=The Economic Times |date=8 April 2007 |access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> She spoke with actress Saroja Devi in Kannada regularly as they were close friends and would talk to each other only in Kannada. She often conversed with Karnataka Chief ministers in Kannada. Basavaraja Bommayi, the former irrigation minister of Karnataka said, “I was astonished by her Kannada slang and fluency.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/south/jayalalithaa-love-for-kannada-language|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027101411/https://newsable.asianetnews.com/south/jayalalithaa-love-for-kannada-language|url-status=dead|archive-date=2020-10-27|title=Jayalalithaa’s deep love for Kannada will surprise you|date=27 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-12-06|title=Proud Tamilian born in Karnataka, Jayalalithaa had a long history with Kannadiga activists|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/proud-tamilian-born-karnataka-jayalalithaa-had-long-history-kannadiga-activists-53889|access-date=2021-06-11|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref>

The name Jayalalithaa was adopted at the age of one for the purpose of using the name in school and colleges. It was derived from the names of two houses where she resided in Mysore. One was "Jaya Vilas" and the other "Lalitha Vilas". Her paternal grandfather, Narasimhan Rengachary, was in the service of the [[Mysore kingdom]] as a surgeon, and served as the court physician to Maharaja [[Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV]] of Mysore. Her maternal grandfather, Rangasamy Iyengar, moved to Mysore from [[Srirangam]] to work with [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]]. He had one son and three daughters—Ambujavalli, Vedavalli and Padmavalli. Vedavalli was married to Jayaram son of Narasimhan Rengachary. The couple Jayaram-Vedvalli had two children: a son Jayakumar and a daughter, Jayalalitha.<ref name="thehansindia">{{cite news|last1=Chandrakanth|first1=W|title=A never-say-die leader|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/National/2016-12-06/A-never-say-die-leader/267247|access-date=11 December 2016|work=[[The Hans India]]|date=6 December 2016}}</ref> Her mother, her relatives and later co-stars and friends referred to her as Ammu.<ref>{{cite news|last=Babu|first=Venkatesha|title=Ammu to Amma: The life and times of Jayalalithaa Jayaraman|url=http://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/ammu-to-amma-the-life-and-times-of-jayalalithaa-jayaraman/story/241781.html|website=Business Today|date=6 December 2016|access-date=9 December 2016}}</ref>

Jayalalithaa's father, Jayaram, was a lawyer but never worked and squandered most of the family's wealth. He died when Jayalalithaa was two years old. The widowed Vedavalli returned to her father's home in [[Bengaluru|Bangalore]] in 1950.<ref name="outlook20110321">{{cite web |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/the-road-to-ammahood/270858|website=Outlook India |title=The Road To Ammahood |date=21 March 2011 |first=Sugata |last=Srinivasaraju|access-date=11 December 2016}}</ref> Vedavalli learnt shorthand and typewriting to take up a clerical position to help support the family in 1950. Her younger sister Ambujavalli had moved to Madras, working as an air hostess. She also started acting in drama and films using the screen name Vidyavathy. On the insistence of Ambujavalli, Jayalalithaa's mother Vedavalli also relocated to Madras and stayed with her sister from 1952. Vedavalli worked in a commercial firm in Madras and began dabbling in acting from 1953 under the screen name Sandhya. Jayalalithaa remained under the care of her mother's sister Padmavalli and maternal grandparents from 1950 to 1958 in Mysore.<ref name="outlook20110321"/><ref name="thehansindia"/> While still in Bangalore, Jayalalithaa attended [[Bishop Cotton Girls' School]], [[Bangalore]].<ref name="TNgov">{{cite web |url=http://www.tn.gov.in/tnassembly/assembly2001/archives/jjaya.htm |title=Profile |publisher= Government of Tamil Nadu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303212850/http://tn.gov.in/tnassembly/assembly2001/archives/jjaya.htm |archive-date=3 March 2009|access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> In later interviews, Jayalalithaa spoke emotionally about how she missed her mother growing up in a different city. She had the opportunity to visit her mother during summer holidays.<ref name="thehansindia"/>

After her aunt Padmavalli's marriage in 1958, Jayalalithaa moved to Madras and began to live with her mother. She completed her education at Sacred Heart Matriculation School (popularly known as Church Park Presentation Convent or Presentation Church Park Convent).<ref name="thehansindia"/><ref name="Ironlady">{{cite journal|last=Raman |first=A. S. |date=September 2001 |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2242/is_1628_279/ai_79354002 |title=The Iron Lady of India |journal=The Contemporary Review |access-date=10 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912104146/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2242/is_1628_279/ai_79354002/ |archive-date=12 September 2011 }}</ref>

She excelled at school and was offered a government scholarship to pursue further education.<ref name="TNgov"/> She won Gold State Award for coming first in 10th standard in the state of Tamil Nadu. She joined [[Stella Maris College (Chennai)|Stella Maris College]], [[Chennai]]; however, discontinued her studies due pressure from her mother and became a film actress.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/Stella-Maris-remembers-former-CM/article16791819.ece | title=Stella Maris remembers former CM | newspaper=The Hindu | date=11 December 2016 | access-date=27 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/061216/so-singh-what-do-you-make-of-my-campaign-asked-jaya.html | title=So Singh, what do you make of my campaign, Jaya asked our reporter | publisher=Deccan Chronicle | work=R Bhagwan Singh | date=6 December 2016 | access-date=27 November 2018}}</ref>

The Poes Garden plot was bought by Jayalalithaa and her mother in 1967. Jayalalithaa's mother sandhya died in November 1971 at the age of 47.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/tamil-nadu-poes-garden-controversy-who-s-residence-is-it-anyway/story-HJVC4MGtz7InYigJmtWYwL.html | title=Tamil Nadu: Who's residence is it anyway? Jayalalithaa's Poes Garden lies unoccupied | website=hindustan times | date=25 June 2017}}</ref> Jayalalithaa herself held the ''house warming ceremony'' of her residence ''Veda Nilayam'' (named after her beloved mother Vedavalli alias Sandhya) on May 15, 1972 early in the morning, followed by [[dinner]] and a [[Veena]] recital by classical musician [[Chitti Babu (musician)|Chitti babu]] in the evening.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2019/01/27/was-jayalalithaa-poes-garden-residence-attached-by-it-department.html | title=Is Jayalalithaa's Poes Garden residence under attachment by IT department? | website=The Week | date=27 January 2019}}</ref> Her brother's wedding took place at her Veda Nilayam home in Poes Garden in 1972.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/cover/jayalalithaa-deepa.html | title=JAYA, MY AUNT Inheritance of loss | website=The Week | date=18 December 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/i-am-jayalalithaas-legal-heir-and-i-am-ready-fight-deepa-jayakumar-tnm-54131 |title=I am Jayalalithaa's legal heir and I am ready to fight: Deepa Jayakumar to TNM |publisher=The News Minute |date=10 December 2016 |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> Her brother Jayakumar, his wife Vijayalakshmi and their daughter [[Deepa Jayakumar]] lived in Poes Garden with Jayalalithaa till 1978<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/jayalalithaa-dead-deepa-jayakumar-questions-aunts-death-as-sasikala-readies-to-takeover-aiadmk-3151686.html |title=Jayalalithaa's niece Deepa Jayakumar aims to make things tricky for Sasikala |access-date=13 February 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170219084533/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/jayalalithaa-dead-deepa-jayakumar-questions-aunts-death-as-sasikala-readies-to-takeover-aiadmk-3151686.html |archive-date=19 February 2017 }}</ref> and then moved to T.Nagar Madras at the bungalow 'Sandhya Illam' which was bought by mother of Jayalalithaa.<ref>{{Cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Crowd-continues-to-swell-at-Deepa's-house/article17009933.ece |title = Crowd continues to swell at Deepa's house|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 9 January 2017|last1 = Jesudasan|first1 = Dennis S.}}</ref> Her brother was unhappy with adoption of Sudhakaran, a relative of Sasikala, as foster son of Jayalalithaa.<ref>{{cite news|first=Somak |last=Ghoshal |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2016/12/10/jayalithaas-niece-deepa-jayakumar-challenges-sasikala-to-claim/ |title=Jayalalithaa's Niece Deepa Jayakumar Challenges Sasikala To Claim Her Aunt's Legacy |work=Huffington Post |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref>

Jayalalithaa had adopted [[V. K. Sasikala|Sasikala]]'s nephew Sudhakaran in 1995 and disowned him in 1996.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://newsable.asianetnews.tv/south/son-for-one-year-why-did-jayalalithaa-disown-sudhakaran|title=Son-for-one-year: Why did Jayalalithaa disown foster son Sudhakaran?|newspaper=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|access-date=22 February 2017|language=en}}</ref> Her brother died in 1995 of heart attack.<ref>{{cite web|author=Julie Mariappan |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Niece-I-want-to-see-Jaya-aunt-they-stopped-me-at-the-gates/articleshow/54707118.cms |title=Jayalalithaa health: Jayalalitha News: Niece – I want to see Jaya aunt, they stopped me at the gates |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=6 October 2016 |access-date=5 December 2016}}</ref>

She was fond of having dogs as her pets. But after death of Julie, a [[spitz]], in 1998 she could not bear the loss and hence discontinued keeping pet dogs at her home.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Lesser-known-facets-of-Jayalalithaa/article16762804.ece1|title=Lesser known facets of Jayalalithaa|date=6 December 2016|via=www.thehindu.com|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref>

== Film career ==
{{See also|Jayalalitha filmography}}

=== Early career ===

In Madras (now [[Chennai]]), Jayalalithaa was trained in [[Carnatic music]], western classical piano<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/Lawyers-hail-HC%E2%80%99s-tribute-to-Jayalalithaa/article16788292.ece |title=Lawyers hail HC's tribute to Jayalalithaa |work=The Hindu |date=10 December 2016 |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> and various forms of classical dance, including [[Bharatanatyam]], [[Kuchipudi]], [[Mohiniyattam]], [[Manipuri dance|Manipuri]], [[Kathak]].<ref name=NDTV1>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/people/jayalalithaa-the-amma-of-tamil-nadu-politics-1294266|title=Jayalalithaa, The Amma Of Tamil Nadu Politics|last=Ghosh|first=Deepshikha|website=[[NDTV]]|date=1 April 2016|access-date=11 December 2016}}</ref> She learnt Bharatnatyam and dance forms under K.J.Sarasa.<ref name="sp">{{Cite magazine |last=Ramachandran |first=T. M. |date=23 October 1965 |title=A New Bright Star |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12064/page/n221 |magazine=[[Sport and Pastime]] |volume=19 |pages=50–51}}</ref> She had also learnt Kuchipudi under Padma Bhushan Guru [[Vempati Chinna Satyam|Dr. Vempati Chinna Satyam]]. She became an accomplished dancer and gave her debut dance performance at the Rasika Ranjani Sabha in Mylapore in May 1960.<ref name="BS"/> The Chief Guest at the Arangetram was [[Shivaji Ganesan]], who called her a "thanga silai" (golden statue) and expressed wish that Jayalalithaa becomes a film star in future.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/sivaji-ganesans-wish-12-year-old-jayalalithaa-ended-coming-true-45599 |title=Sivaji Ganesan's wish for 12-year-old Jayalalithaa ended up coming true |publisher=The News Minute |date=28 June 2016 |access-date=5 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/photo-features/what-stars-who-worked-with-jayalalithaa-say/photostory/55848093.cms |title=What stars who worked with Jayalalithaa say! |publisher=timesofindia |date=5 December 2016}}</ref>

While a child, Jayalalithaa acted in the Kannada-language film ''[[Sri Shaila Mahathme]]'' (1961), which had [[Rajkumar (actor)|Rajkumar]] and [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]] in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/did-you-know-/Jayalalitha-has-acted-in-Kannada-movies/articleshow/44752455.cms|title=Jayalilathaa has acted in Kannada|work=The Times of India|access-date=1 February 2016}}</ref> She had been taken to the studio by her mother as she was shooting in the same premises for a different film. While Jayalalithaa was watching the shooting, a problem arose as the child actress playing the [[Goddess Parvathy]] in a school drama scene in the film failed to show up and the producer Neerlahalli Thalikerappa and director Aroor Pattabhi asked Sandhya if Jayalalithaa could be asked to act in the dance sequence. Sandhya agreed and Jayalalithaa was swiftly dressed up as Parvathy and the scene was shot in Sri Shaila Mahatme.<ref name="Khajane">{{cite news|last1=Khajane|first1=Muralidhara|title=Those Kannada days...|url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Those-Kannada-days.../article16776901.ece|access-date=9 December 2016|work=The Hindu|date=8 December 2016}}</ref>

She played Lord [[Krishna]] in a three-minute dance sequence held on stage in the [[Hindi film]] [[Man-Mauji]] (1962) and danced with [[Kumari Naaz]] who played Radha. [[Y. G. Parthasarathy]] ran the drama troupe ''United Amateur Artistes'' (UAA), which staged English and Tamil plays. Soon Jayalalithaa while a schoolgirl began acting in some plays of Parthasarathy along with her mother and aunt. She acted in small roles in plays such as Tea House of the August Moon and ''Undersecretary'' between 1960 and 1964.

Shankar Giri, the son of the former [[President of India|Indian President]] [[V. V. Giri]], saw her small role in the English play ''Tea Houses of August Moon'' and was impressed. Shankar Giri approached her mother Sandhya and told he wanted to cast her daughter in an English film called ''The Epistle''. Sandhya reluctantly agreed with the condition that shooting should be held only during weekends or school holidays.<ref name="BS">{{cite news|title=People's CM Jayalalithaa, an enigma in life and in death|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/people-s-cm-jayalalithaa-an-enigma-in-life-and-in-death-116120600127_1.html|access-date=9 December 2016|work=[[Business Standard]]|date=6 December 2016}}</ref>

Sandhya had acted in the 1964 Tamil film ''[[Karnan (1964 film)|Karnan]]'', produced and directed by Kannada film-maker [[B. R. Panthulu]]. Jayalalithaa accompanied her mother to a party related to the film and was spotted by Panthulu, who then decided to cast her opposite [[Kalyan Kumar]] in the Kannada movie ''[[Chinnada Gombe]]''. He promised to finish all shooting within two months in order not to interfere with her education. Since Jayalalithaa would be studying for her PUC in two months' time, Sandhya had declined the offer initially.<ref name=hans1>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/National/2016-12-06/A-super-star-in-reel--real-life/267246|title=A super star in reel & real life|work=[[The Hans India]]|date=6 December 2016|access-date=11 December 2016}}</ref> Sandhya agreed when that promise was made and Jayalalithaa started acting and she was paid {{INRConvert|3|k|year=1967}}. Panthulu kept his promise and completed shooting in six weeks. Jayalalithaa had forgotten all about films after acting in her Kannada debut film and had got ready to attend classes at [[Stella Maris College, Chennai|Stella Maris]] as she had the ambition to be a [[lawyer]]. But the Kannada debut film became a [[Blockbuster (entertainment)|blockbuster]] in 1964 and she became a well-known face.

Meanwhile, Jayalalithaa continued acting in Parthasarathy's plays. She played the leading role in plays such as ''Malathi'', ''The Whole Truth'', and the dance drama ''Kaveri Thanda Kalaiselvi'' between 1960 and 1966. She made her debut as the lead actress in [[Kannada]] films while still in school, age 15, in ''[[Chinnada Gombe]]'' (1964).<ref name=hans1/> She also appeared in a dance sequence of a song named "Malligeya Hoovinantha" in the movie ''[[Amarashilpi Jakanachari (film)|Amarashilpi Jakanachari]]'' (1964).<ref name="outlook20110321"/>

She made her debut in Tamil theatre in April 1964, when she played a sales girl in the drama named ''Undersecretary''. Parthasarathy and Sandhya were the lead characters, while Jayalalitha and [[Cho Ramaswamy]] were paired together and [[A. R. Srinivasan]] was also involved. The play was based on the lives of middle aged couple and Jayalaithaa played character of sales girl in the drama. Her performance caused Parthasarathy to make her lead heroine in a drama named ''Malathy''. Meanwhile, the films she had shot during her vacation in April–May 1964—''Chinnada Gombe'' and ''[[Manushulu Mamathalu]]''—became blockbusters. By end of 1965, she had become popular among film producers and directors.<ref name=hans1/> She was approached by [[C. V. Sridhar]] for her Tamil film debut as well. Between 1964 and 1966 she did around 35 shows of drama named ''Malathy'' and later discontinued as she became very busy in films.<ref name="BS"/> It was during the year 1964, financial debts had increased of Sandhya and she suggested her daughter make use of the increasing film offers to come her way.<ref name="10 Lesser Known Facts"/>

Jayalalithaa's debut in Tamil cinema was the leading role in ''[[Vennira Aadai]]'' (1965), directed by [[C. V. Sridhar]].<ref name="sp"/> She made her debut in Telugu films as lead actress in ''Manushulu Mamathalu'' opposite Akkineni Nageswara Rao. Her last Telugu release was also opposite [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] in the film ''[[Nayakudu Vinayakudu]]'', which was released in 1980.<ref>{{cite web|title = Did You Know?|url = http://www.telugucinema.com/Did-You-Know|website = telugucinema.com|access-date=17 October 2015|date = 20 September 2015}}</ref> She was the first heroine to appear in [[skirt]]s in Tamil films.<ref name="iron lady">{{cite web|last=Nadar|first=Ganesh|title=J Jayalalithaa: The Iron Lady |url=http://www.rediff.com/election/2004/may/06espec1.htm |work=Rediff|date=6 May 2004|access-date=3 September 2011}}</ref> She acted in one Hindi film called ''[[Izzat (1968 film)|Izzat]]'', with [[Dharmendra]] as her male costar in 1968.<ref name="NDTV"/> She starred in 28 box-office hit films with M.G. Ramachandran between 1965 and 1973.<ref>{{cite web|title = Who is J Jayalalithaa?|url = http://www.ndtv.com/people/who-is-j-jayalalithaa-483055|website = NDTV.com|access-date=17 October 2015}}</ref> The first with [[M. G. Ramachandran|MGR]] was B.R. Panthalu's ''[[Aayirathil Oruvan (1965 film)|Aayirathil Oruvan]]'' in 1965 and their last film together was ''[[Pattikaattu Ponnaiya]]'' in 1973.<ref>{{cite web|last=Rangan|first=Baradwaj|author-link=Baradwaj Rangan|title=Off-screen deity, on-screen goddess|url=https://baradwajrangan.wordpress.com/2016/12/08/off-screen-deity-on-screen-goddess/|website=baradwajrangan.wordpress.com|access-date=9 December 2016|date=8 December 2016}}</ref>

Jayalalithaa donated gold jewelleries she had to the then [[Prime Minister of India|Indian Prime Minister]] [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/no-bharat-ratna-for-jayalalithaa-madras-high-court-dismisses-pil-to-confer-late-cm-with-honour-3191124.html |title=No Bharat Ratna for Jayalalithaa? Madras High Court dismisses PIL to confer late CM with honour |work=Firstpost |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref>

She had 11 successful releases in Tamil in 1966. In the opening credits of ''[[Arasa Kattalai]]'', for the first time her name was affixed with the phrase Kavarchi Kanni.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/arasa-kattalai-1967/article8514320.ece|title=Arasa Kattalai (1967)|date=24 April 2016|newspaper=The Hindu|last1=Guy|first1=Randor}}</ref> In 1967 she bought her bungalow, Veda Nilayam, in Poes Gardens for {{INRConvert|1.32|l|year=1967}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timesnow.tv/articleshow/msid-4488180,prtpage-1.cms|title=Jaya assets worth Rs 113.73 cr, Rs 3.40 cr less than in 2015|work=Times Now|access-date=8 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604142232/http://www.timesnow.tv/articleshow/msid-4488180,prtpage-1.cms|archive-date=4 June 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[Sandow M. M. A. Chinnappa Thevar]] was on the lookout for a regular heroine for his production after he had fight with the actress [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] after the release of ''Vetaikkaran'', and he signed Jayalalithaa on in 1965. She became a regular heroine for production house Devar films from 1966.<ref>{{cite news |first=Samiksha |last=Panda |url=http://scrolltoday.com/end-inspiration-jayalalithaa-jayaraman/ |title=The End of an Inspiration : Jayalalithaa Jayaraman |work=Scroll Today |access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref>

[[Jaishankar]] was romantically paired with Jayalalithaa in eight Tamil films including ''[[Muthu Chippi]]'', ''[[Yaar Nee?]]'', ''[[Nee!]]'', ''[[Vairam]]'', ''[[Vandhale Magarasi]]'', ''[[Bommalattam (1968 film)|Bommalattam]]'' (1968), ''[[Raja Veetu Pillai]]'' and ''[[Avalukku Aayiram Kangal]]'', whereas the films ''[[Thanga Gopuram]]'' and ''[[Gowri Kalyanam]]'' had him play elder brother to her.

Jayalalithaa acted in twelve films as heroine opposite [[N. T. Rama Rao]], in Telugu—''[[Gopaludu Bhoopaludu]]'' (1967), ''[[Chikkadu Dorakadu (1967 film)|Chikkadu Dorakadu]]'' (1967), ''[[Tikka Sankaraiah]]'' (1968), ''[[Niluvu Dopidi]]'' (1968), ''[[Baghdad Gaja Donga]]'' (1968), ''[[Kathanayakudu (1969 film)|Kathanayakudu]]'' (1969), ''[[Kadaladu Vadaladu]]'' (1969), ''[[Gandikota Rahasyam]]'' (1969), ''[[Ali Baba 40 Dongalu]]'' (1970), ''[[Sri Krishna Vijayamu]]'' (1970), ''[[Sri Krishna Satya]]'' (1972), and ''[[Devudu Chesina Manushulu]]'' (1973). Jayalalitha had eight films with [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] in Telugu—''[[Manushulu Mamathalu]]'' (1965), ''[[Aastiparulu]]'' (1966), ''[[Brahmachari (1968 Telugu film)|Brahmachari]]'' (1968), ''[[Aadarsa Kutumbam]]'' (1969), ''[[Adrushtavanthulu]]'' (1969), ''[[Bharya Biddalu]]'' (1972), ''[[Premalu Pellillu]]'' (1974) and ''[[Nayakudu Vinayakudu]]'' (1980).

She also made a guest appearance in Telugu film ''[[Navaratri (1966 film)|Navarthi]]'' (1966). Her films in Telugu also included two with [[Krishna (Telugu actor)|Krishna]] and one each with [[Sobhan Babu]], [[Jaggayya]], [[Ramakrishna (Telugu actor)|Ramakrishna]] and [[Haranath (actor)|Haranath]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/Jayalalithaa%E2%80%99s-tryst-with-Telugu-films/article16765354.ece |title=Jayalalithaa's tryst with Telugu films |newspaper=The Hindu |access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref> She was given on-screen credit as Kalai Selvi in most of her Tamil films since 1967.<ref name="hans1"/>

=== Later career ===
{| class="infobox" style="width: 25em; text-align: left; font-size: 70%; vertical-align: middle;"
|+ '''List of Best Actress awards for J. Jayalalithaa '''
|-
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |
|- style="background:#d9e8ff; text-align:center;"
!style="vertical-align: middle;"| Award
| style="background:#cec; font-size:8pt; width:60px;"| Wins
|- style="background:#eef;"
| style="text-align:center;"|
;[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actress]]
|{{won|5}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/specials/2016/dec/06/the-life-and-times-of-tamil-nadus-six-time-woman-chief-minister-1546011.html |title=The life and times of Tamil Nadu's six-time woman Chief Minister |newspaper=The New Indian Express |access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref>
|- style="background:#eef;"
| style="text-align:center;"|
;Tamil Nadu Cinema Fan Award for Best Actress
|{{won|8}}<ref name="Toi234"/>
|- style="background:#eef;"
| style="text-align:center;"|
;[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil]]
|{{won|2}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.dailyhunt.in/news/india/english/deccan+chronicle-epaper-deccanch/j+jayalalithaa+the+superstar-newsid-61061490 |title=J Jayalalithaa: The Superstar |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=24 February 1948 |access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref>
|- style="background:#eef;"
| style="text-align:center;"|
;[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu]]
|{{won|1}}<ref name="Toi234">[[#The Times of India directory and year book including who's who|The Times of India directory and year book including who's who]], p 234</ref>
|- style="background:#eef;"
| style="text-align:center;"|
;Russian Film festival
|{{won|1}}<ref name="Toi234"/>
|- style="background:#eef;"
| style="text-align:center;"|
;Madras Film Association Awards for Best Actress
|{{won|7}}<ref name="Collections394">[[#Collections|Collections]], p 394</ref>
|}

Between 1965 and 1973, Jayalalithaa starred opposite [[M. G. Ramachandran]] in a number of successful films, including ''[[Aayirathil Oruvan (1965 film)|Aayirathil Oruvan]]'', ''[[Kavalkaran]]'', ''[[Adimai Penn]]'', ''[[Engal Thangam]]'', ''[[Kudiyirundha Koyil]]'', ''[[Ragasiya Police 115]]'' and ''[[Nam Naadu (1969 film)|Nam Naadu]]''.<ref name="NDTV"/><ref name="Ramaswamy">[[#Ramaswamy|Ramaswamy 2007]], p. 101</ref> [[Cho Ramaswamy]] cast her in the lead role in his directorial venture ''[[Yarrukkum Vetkam Illai]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/A-life-in-song/article16768634.ece|title=A life in song|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=8 December 2016}}</ref>

She acted with [[Ravichandran (Tamil actor)|Ravichandran]] in ten films—''Gowri Kalyanam ''(1966), ''[[Kumari Penn]]'' (1966), ''[[Naan]]'' (1967), ''[[Magaraasi|Magarasi]]'' (1967), ''[[Maadi Veettu Mappilai]]'' (1967), ''[[Panakkara Pillai]]'' (1968), ''[[Moondru Yezhuthu]]'' (1968), ''[[Andru Kanda Mugam]]'' (1968), ''[[Avalukku Aayiram Kangal]]'' and ''[[Baghdad Perazhagi]]'' (1974).<ref name="hans1"/> In 1972, she acted opposite [[Sivaji Ganesan]] in ''[[Pattikada Pattanama]]'', which went on to win the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil]] in 1973.

In 1973, she acted in ''[[Sri Krishna Satya]]'', which won her the Filmfare Award for Best Actress in Telugu.<ref name="TOI1984">[[#TOI|TOI 1984]], p. 305</ref> Her other films with Sivaji Ganesan include ''[[Galatta Kalyanam]]'' and ''[[Deiva Magan (1969 film)|Deiva Magan]]''; the latter holds the distinction of being the first Tamil film to be submitted by India for an [[List of Indian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a6IsAAAAMAAJ |last=R.L|first=Hardgrave|title=Essays in the political sociology of South India|year=1979|publisher=Usha|page=120|isbn=9780836406054|access-date=9 December 2016}}</ref>

Jayalalithaa was paired opposite [[Sivaji Ganesan]] in 17 films. She acted in six films with [[R. Muthuraman]] as a romantic leading pair—''[[Dhikku Theriyadha Kaattil]]'', ''[[Thirumangalyam]]'', ''[[Kanavan Manaivi]]'', ''[[Avandhan Manidhan]]'', ''[[Suryagandhi]]'', ''[[Anbu Thangai]]''<ref name="hans1"/> and Muthuraman played supporting roles in ''[[Kannan En Kadhalan]]'', ''[[Major Chandrakanth (1966 film)|Major Chandrakanth]]'', ''[[Naan (1967 film)|Naan]]'', ''[[En Annan]]'', [[Adi Parashakti]], ''[[Thaer Thiruvizha]]'', ''[[Dharmam Engey]]'', ''[[Chitra Pournami (film)|Chitra Pournami]]'' and ''[[Oru Thaai Makkal]]''. She made her debut in Malayalam with ''[[Jesus (1973 film)|Jesus]]'' (1973).<ref>{{Cite news|title=Jesus: 1973|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/old-is-gold-jesus-1973/article7043457.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|date=29 March 2015|access-date=22 February 2016|issn=0971-751X|language=en-IN}}</ref> Her 100th film was ''[[Thirumangalyam]]'' (1974), directed by [[A. Vincent]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/cinematographer-director-a-vincent-passes-away-115022500852_1.html|title=Director Vincent passes away|newspaper=Business Standard|access-date=1 February 2016}}</ref>

She was romantically paired opposite [[Sivakumar]] in ''[[Kandan Karunai]]'' and ''[[Sri Krishna Leela (1977 film)|Sri Krishna Leela]]''. Sivakumar played supporting roles in Shakti Leelai, Yarrukum Vetkam Ilali, [[Thirumangalyam]], Annaivelakanni, Kavalkaran, Motoram Sunderapillai and Ganga Gowri.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=174&catName=MTk2OA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029184625/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=174&catName=MTk2OA|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 October 2013|website=Box Office India|title=Box office report of 1968|access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref>

The heroes of her films never objected to the title of the film being conferred on the female lead played by Jayalalithaa. ''[[Adimai Penn]]'', ''[[Kanni Thaai]]'', and ''[[Kannan En Kadhalan]]'' had Ramachandran as the lead male hero but the story and the title was built around the character played by Jayalalithaa. Similarly, ''Engerindo Vandhaal'', ''[[Sumathi En Sundari]]'', [[Paadhukaappu]] and ''[[Anbai Thedi]]'' had Sivaji Ganeshan as the male lead but the title and the story was built around her character. She did many female-centric films where the story revolved on her character, such as ''Vennira Adai'', ''[[Yaar Nee? (film)|Yaar Nee?]]'', ''[[Kumari Penn]]'', ''[[Nee (film)|Nee]]'', ''[[Gowri Kalyanam]], [[Magaraasi]], [[Muthu Chippi]], [[Thanga Gopuram]], [[Avalukku Ayiram Kangal]], [[Annamitta Kai]], [[Vandhaale Magaraasi]], [[Suryagandhi]], [[Thirumangalyam]], [[Yarukkum Vetkam Illai]]'', and ''[[Kanavan Manaivi]]''.

She received the title "Nadippuku Ilakkium Vahuthavar" from then [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu|Chief Minister]] [[M. Karunanidhi|Karunanidhi]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/tamil-nadu/history-j-jayalalithaa-from-mysore-to-chennai-290110 |title=வரலாறு: ஜெ. ஜெயலலிதா மைசூர் முதல் சென்னை வரை! |work=zeenews |date=6 December 2016|language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/jayalalitha-biography-tamil-248513.html |title=அதிமுக கொ.ப.செ... பொதுச்செயலாளர்... தமிழக முதல்வர்... ஜெ. அரசியல் பயணம்|work=oneindia tamil |date=9 March 2016|language=ta}}</ref> and also won Tamil Nadu Cinema Fan Award for Best Actress for her 100th film ''[[Thirumangalyam]]'' in 1974.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/international/india/jayalalithaa-from-film-star-to-chief-minister-of-tamil-nadu|title=Remembering Jayalalithaa: From film star to Tamil Nadu CM |newspaper=Khaleej Times|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref> Her last film in Tamil was ''[[Nadhiyai Thedi Vandha Kadal]]'' (1980).<ref name="NDTV">{{cite news|title=Who is J Jayalalithaa?|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/people/who-is-j-jayalalithaa-211841|publisher=NDTV|location=Chennai|date=17 May 2012|access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> Her last film as the heroine was ''[[Nayakudu Vinayakudu]]'' in Telugu,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/revisiting-top-10-movies-j-jayalalithaa-706973 |title=Revisiting the top 10 movies of J Jayalalithaa |work=IBTimes |date=6 December 2016 |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> which became the highest grosser of the year in Telugu.

Her successful Kannada films include ''[[Badukuva Daari]]'' (1966), ''[[Mavana Magalu]]'' (1965), ''[[Nanna Kartavya]]'' (1965), ''[[Chinnada Gombe]]'' (1964) and ''[[Mane Aliya]]'' (1964). Jayalalithaa holds the record for having been the Tamil actress with maximum silver jubilee hits in her career—85 hits of 92 Tamil films as main female lead heroine and she also has all 28 films in Telugu as silver jubilee hits.<ref name="10 Lesser Known Facts">[http://m.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/slideshow/10-lesser-known-facts-about-our-leaders-jayalalitha/index.html], behindwoods.com; accessed 23 May 2016.</ref> She was the highest-paid Indian actress from 1965 to 1980. She made guest appearances in nine films and six of her films were dubbed into Hindi. She had 119 box office hits between 1961 and 1980, of the total 125 films she did as the main female lead. She made a brief appearance in 1992's ''[[Neenga Nalla Irukkanum]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/jayalalitha-makes-brief-appearance-in-neenga-nalla-irukkanum-movie-bombs-at-box-office/1/308343.html|title=Jayalalithaa's brief appearance in Neenga nalla irukanum|magazine=India Today|access-date=1 February 2016}}</ref>

Jayalalithaa won the [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actress]] for ''Thanga Gopuram'' in 1971, ''Raman Thediya Seethai'' in 1972, ''Suryagandhi'' in 1973, ''Thirumangalyam'' in 1974, and ''Yarukkum Vetkam Illai'' in 1975.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/051216/j-jayalalithaa-the-superstar.html|title=J Jayalalithaa: The Superstar|publisher=Deccanchronicle.com|access-date=6 December 2016|date=5 December 2016}}</ref> She acted in mythological films like ''Kandan Karunai'', ''Aadhi Parashakti'', ''Shri Krishna Satya'', ''Shri Krishna Vijayam'', ''Shri Rama Katha'', ''Shri Krishna Leela'', ''Shakti Leelai'', ''Ganga Gowri'', ''[[Annai Velankanni]]'' and [[Jesus (1973 film)|''Jesus'']]. Her period dramas include ''Ayirathil Oruvan'', ''[[Neerum Neruppum]]'', ''[[Mani Magudam]]'', ''Adimai Penn'', ''Ali Baba 40 Dongalu'', ''Arasa Katalai'', and ''Baghdad Perazhagi''.

She acquired the reputation of being a multi-faceted actor equally comfortable in fantasy and mythological genres as well as in modern social dramas<ref>{{cite web|title=Jayalalithaa, the golden girl of Tamil cinema|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/jayalalithaa-the-golden-girl-of-tamil-cinema/story-4btYTbOsQmYwzjJMYRyQ9K.html|website=hindustantimes.com|access-date=23 February 2016|date=27 September 2014}}</ref> and hence in 1969, in Tamil Conference, she was given the tag of "Kaveri Thandha Kalai Selvi".<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/051216/j-jayalalithaa-the-superstar.html|title=J Jayalalithaa: The Superstar|date=6 December 2016|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|access-date=18 December 2016}}</ref>

She, [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] and [[Saroja Devi]] have been cited as the first female superstars of Tamil cinema. She did double roles in eight films.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/remembering-cho-ramaswamy-from-theatre-to-films-a-lodestar-of-lampoon-3144504.html|title=Remembering Cho Ramaswamy: From theatre to films, a lodestar of lampoon|work=Firstpost|date=29 July 2015|access-date=8 December 2016}}</ref>

She received Special Award from Filmfare for her performances in 'Chandhrodhayam', 'Adimai Penn' and 'Engirundho Vandhaal' in the years 1966, 1969 and 1970 as the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil|Filmfare Award for Best Actress]] was introduced only in 1972.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dailyreport.in/j-jayalalithaa-superstar/ |title=J Jayalalithaa: The Superstar |work=Daily Report |date=6 December 2016 |access-date=3 May 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211093529/http://www.dailyreport.in/j-jayalalithaa-superstar/ |archive-date=11 February 2017 }}</ref> Her performance in ''[[Pattikada Pattanama]]'', [[Suryakanthi|''Suryagandhi'']] were critically acclaimed and won her consecutive [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil|Filmfare Award for Best Actress]] in 1972 and 1973, respectively.

From 1968 to 1973, at the peak of her career she took interviews and wrote columns in the magazines like ''Bommai''. She wrote a column-"Ennangal Sila" in magazine ''[[Thuglak]]'' in the 1970s. She also wrote a short story, "Oravin Kaidhigal", for the magazine ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'', "Manadhai Thotta Malargal" for ''Thaai'' magazine in the early 1980s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nbg2eX-M320|title=TN CM Jayalalithaa service as a Journalist in Private News paper|publisher=YouTube|access-date=8 December 2016}}</ref> She wrote about her own life in a serialised memoir in the Tamil weekly magazine ''[[Kumudam]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/jayalalithaa-wrote-of-pining-for-mother-blowing-away-sivaji-ganesan-1634946|title=Jayalalithaa Wrote Of Pining For Mother, Blowing Away Sivaji Ganesan|publisher=Ndtv.com|access-date=8 December 2016}}</ref>

In 1980, she decided to voluntarily decline any new film offers. The journalist Brian Laul wrote an article specifying Jayalalithaa was trying for a comeback but was not being offered any roles. Jayalalithaa chose to respond to him by writing a letter, in which she mentioned that she was not struggling to make any comeback and that she turned down the offer from producer [[K. Balaji|Balaji]] to star in ''[[Billa (1980 film)|Billa]]'' (1980) alongside [[Rajinikanth]]. She added she wanted to pursue other interests and was not interested in pursuing her film career any further.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-in-india/this-letter-sent-by-jayalalithaa-to-a-journalist-in-1980-shows-just-how-classy-she-was-4413621|title=This letter sent by Jayalalithaa to a journalist in 1980 shows just how classy she was |work=The Indian Express|date=10 June 1980 |access-date=8 December 2016}}</ref>

Her closest friends from film industry included [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Manorama-called-me-Ammu-Jayalalithaa-says/articleshow/49311504.cms |title=Manorama called me Ammu, Jayalalithaa says |work=The Times of India |date=11 October 2015 |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> [[Cho Ramaswamy]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Cho-Ramaswamy-a-long-time-friend-but-vocal-critic-of-Jayalalithaa/article16771674.ece |title=Cho Ramaswamy: a long-time friend but vocal critic of Jayalalithaa |work=The Hindu |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> [[Rajasree]], [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]], [[B. Saroja Devi|Saroja Devi]], [[Sachu|Kumari Sachu]], [[Anjali Devi]], [[Sowcar Janaki]], [[Sukumari]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://teluguglobal.in/jayalalithas-lunch-with-her-yester-year-film-stars-in-2012/ |title=Jayalalithaa's lunch with her yester year film stars in 2012 |publisher=Teluguglobal.in |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> [[Ravichandran (Tamil actor)|Ravichandran]], [[R. Muthuraman]], [[Nagesh]], [[M. N. Nambiar]], [[Vennira Aadai Nirmala]], [[S. A. Asokan]], [[Jaishankar]], [[V. K. Ramasamy (actor)|V.K.Ramaswamy]], [[Major Sundarrajan]], [[P.Susheela]], [[Sheela]], [[M. S. Viswanathan]], [[L. R. Eswari]], [[R.S.Manohar]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0412883/quotes |title=Jayalalitha J – Quotes |publisher=IMDb |access-date=3 May 2017 }}{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

She quoted on M. G. Ramachandran, "He was a very warm and caring kind of a person. And after Mother died, he replaced her in my life. He was everything to me. He was mother, father, brother, friend, philosopher, guide. Everything. He sort of took over my life." In many of her interviews she often said she entered films on being asked by her mother and entered politics on request by M. G. Ramachandran.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2016/dec/06/i-dont-think-anyone-has-taken-more-criticism-than-i-have-jaya-told-simi-garewal-1546016.html |title=I don't think anyone has taken more criticism than I have: Jaya to Simi Garewal |work=The New Indian Express |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref>

== Political career ==
{{main|Political career of Jayalalithaa}}

== Controversies ==
=== Personality cult ===
Followers of Jayalalithaa often worshiped her as a divine being. She stimulated a cult following, and adoring supporters often termed her "[[Adi Parashakti]]" (the eternal mighty goddess).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-37503616|title=Jayalalitha: The 'goddess' of Tamil Nadu politics|last=Tilak|first=Sudha G.|date=5 December 2016|work=BBC News|access-date=7 August 2020|language=en-GB}}</ref> Several experts say that over the years the cult called 'Amma' has been carefully crafted. Others claim that the emotional outburst is just a spontaneous display of loyalist support. C Lakshmanan of the Madras Development Institute studies, who has studied personality cult in the politics of Tamil Nadu, said posters were installed around the state portraying Jayalalithaa as a goddess back then.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/cult-personality-or-cultivated-loyalty-what-explains-outpouring-of-grief-for-the-jailed-jayalalithaa/articleshow/44785277.cms|title=Cult personality or cultivated loyalty: What explains outpouring of grief for the jailed Jayalalithaa?|last=Shanker|first=V. Prem|work=The Economic Times|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref> She was worshiped by the party cadre as "Amma" (Mother). She made sure the respect and loyalty of the functionaries of the party was there for everyone to see. The entire Cabinet would fall in line and bow in front of the helicopter in which it was flying. Members of the party, at all levels never found it difficult to prostrate before her in full view of the public.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/The-enduring-enigma-that-was-Jayalalithaa/article16761203.ece|title=The enduring enigma that was Jayalalithaa|last=Kumar|first=B. Aravind|date=6 December 2016|work=The Hindu|access-date=7 August 2020|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Many of her worshipping followers are known to profess their loyalty through acts such as walking on hot coals or drawing her portrait with their blood.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|date=2009-03-30|title=Profile: Jayaram Jayalalitha|language=en-GB|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4762593.stm|access-date=2021-06-13}}</ref> S Kirubakaran who is a Journalist-turned-advocate, wrote a book on Jayalalitha titled, 'Ammavin Kathai,' said that when MGR was a Chief Minister, he carefully chose MLAs and Ministers for the first time after going through their knowledge and experience. But Jayalalithaa had begun to assign those who praised her.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thefederal.com/states/south/tamil-nadu/3-years-after-jayas-death-aiadmk-seems-out-of-servitude-and-subjugation/|title=3 years after Jaya's death, AIADMK seems out of servitude, subjugation|last=Chandrajit Mitra|date=5 December 2019|website=The Federal|language=en-US|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref> Even after her death, the AIADMK leaders continued to prostrate themselves before her burial ground.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/opinion/for-all-her-political-success-it-s-time-to-admit-jayalalithaa-was-no-amma/story-Mq9FelI5zqxD8z4WljrtbO.html|title=For all her political success, it's time to admit Jayalalithaa was no Amma|date=17 February 2017|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/voices/opinion/opinion-post-jayalalithaa-tamil-nadu-politics-amma-legacy|title=Jayalalithaa's 'Tainted' Legacy and Where AIADMK Goes From Here|last=Sudhir|first=T. S.|date=4 December 2017|website=TheQuint|language=en|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref>

=== 1999 Attempted murder case ===
A case of murder attempt were registered against Jayalalithaa, her close associate Sasikala, and Sasikala's nephew V Mahadivan has been recorded by the Chennai police on following a complaint by former Jayalalithaa's auditor, Rajasekaran, who alleged that he was summoned to the Poes Garden bungalow and violently assaulted by Jayalalithaa, Sassikala and Mahadevan with a stick and high-heeled shoes.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Aravind|first=Indulekha|title=Eulogised in death, Jayalalithaa leaves a checkered legacy|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/jayalalithaa-had-to-combat-ruthless-peer-pressure-all-her-life/articleshow/55914253.cms?from=mdr|access-date=2021-06-13}}</ref> Rajasekaran also stated that he had been forced by Jayalalithaa and Sassikala to sign two letters and a promissory note in respect of ₹50 lakhs. Jayalalithaa, however, denied the charges in a statement.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bearak|first=Barry|date=16 March 1999|title=In the Hands Of India Star, A Spike Heel Could Hurt|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/03/16/world/in-the-hands-of-india-star-a-spike-heel-could-hurt.html|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rediff On The NeT: TN defies Centre in assault case against Jaya|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/1999/mar/20aiadmk.htm|website=www.rediff.com}}</ref>

== Corruption cases ==
=== 1996 colour TV case ===
{{Main|Colour TV case}}
In the [[Colour TV case|colour TV corruption case]] involving the purchase of TV sets to villagers, Jayalalithaa was charged and arrested. The TV sets were provided in the framework of a government education and entertainment plan for the village population. Officials said the TVs were purchased at inflated prices and claimed that some of the money paid for TV stations was returned as kickbacks to government officials.<ref>{{Cite news|last=BSCAL|date=15 May 1998|title=Jaya Charged In Rs 10crore Colour Tv Scam|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/specials/jaya-charged-in-rs-10crore-colour-tv-scam-198051501011_1.html|access-date=3 June 2020}}</ref> Later, she was acquitted as the accusation against them were not proven beyond doubt.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jayalalitha acquitted in colour TV scam|url=http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/20000531/ina31026.html|publisher=The Indian Express|date=21 August 2009|work=Press Trust of India|access-date=9 February 2021|location=Chennai|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140217192259/http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/20000531/ina31026.html|archive-date=17 February 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Detained in 1996, the media reported that 21.28 kg of [[Gold jewellery|gold jewels]] worth Rs 3.5 crore, 10,500 [[sari]]s, 91 [[Luxury watch|designer watches]], 750 pairs of shoes, 1,250 kg of silver objects worth 3.12 crores, diamonds worth 2 crores, a silver sword and 19 vehicles were among the priceless treasures found at her house.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shivashankar|first=BV|title=J Jayalalithaa: Jayalalithaa's 10,500 saris, 750 slippers, 500 wine glasses in court|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/J-Jayalalithaas-seized-wealth-is-under-24-hour-vigil-in-Karnatakas-courts/articleshow/55886301.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

=== 1995 Foster son and luxury wedding corruption ===
In 1995, Jayalalithaa's assistant Sassikala's nephew Sudhakaran was engaged to the youngest daughter of Sivaji Ganesan. Jayalalithaa was a chief minister of state by this time. Jaya declared that Sudhakaran would be adopted as her foster son and said that she would be performing his marriage as his mother.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="tnmfoster">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/once-jayalalithaas-favoured-foster-son-sudhakaran-now-refused-entry-apollo-50968|title=Once Jayalalithaa's favoured foster son, Sudhakaran now refused entry into Apollo|website=thenewsminute.com|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref>

The wedding occupied a 2-km long lighted baraat pathway, ten dining halls each accommodating 25,000 people, and a 75,000 square foot pandal. Tons of plywood, paris plaster and paint were used to erect cut-outs of Jayalalitha, arches, several hundred papier-mache statues, elaborate facades of palaces and gateways. The VIP invitations included a silver plate enclosed in a container, a silk saree and a silk dhoti, each worth ₹20,000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/story/19950930-jayalalithas-foster-son-married-off-amid-extravagance-and-controversy-808220-1995-09-30|title=Jayalalitha's foster son married off amid extravagance and controversy|last=SHEKHAR|first=G. C.|date=30 September 1995|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> The marriage hosted more than 1,000 VIPs. More than 40,000 guests were granted accommodation in the hotel. A legion of elephants and chefs brought in from Kerala.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jayalalithaa-lied-she-spent-3-crores-on-foster-sons-wedding-says-court-674500|title=Jayalalithaa Lied, She Spent 3 Crores on Foster Son's Wedding, Says Court|website=NDTV.com|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref> The incident, hailed as "the mother of all marriages". People's anger mounted against her as the crores were lavished at the wedding, and Jayalalithaa and Sassikala became symbols of corruption. She was accused of using government money to celebrate the grand marriage.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-38441705|title=Sasikala: The 'new mother' of Tamil Nadu politics|date=29 December 2016|work=BBC News|access-date=7 August 2020|language=en-GB}}</ref> The marriage may have triggered the AIADMK to lose all 39 Lok Sabha seats in the [[1996 general election]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Disowned-foster-son-joins-Jaya-in-prison/articleshow/43760402.cms|title=Disowned foster son joins Jaya in prison {{!}} Chennai News – Times of India|last=TNN|date=29 September 2014|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

She was later sentenced for 4 years in jail in 2014 for corruption related to the marriage and the [[Disproportionate assets case against Jayalalithaa|Disproportionate assets case]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/jayalalithaa-sentenced-to-4-years-in-jail-clashes-in-tamil-nadu/story-oVofwzwZZrOVwJNaA97xRP.html|title=Jayalalithaa sentenced to 4 years in jail; clashes in Tamil Nadu|date=27 September 2014|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref>

Jayalalithaa owns a [[Guinness Book of World Records]] for conducting the luxury wedding. The record shows that over 1,50,000 guests have been invited. The Income-Tax Dept estimated the cost of the wedding at ₹10 crore.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nation-world/5-facts-you-didnt-know-about-j-jayalalithaa/guinness-book-of-world-records-for-sons-wedding/slideshow/55815874.cms|title=5 facts you didn't know about J Jayalalithaa – Unknown facts about Amma|website=The Economic Times|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref>

Jayalalithaa later disowned Sudhakaran as her foster son.<ref name="tnmfoster" />

=== 1998 TANSI land deal case ===
{{Main|TANSI land acquisition case}}
The TANSI land deal case refers to the purchase of land by Jaya Publications, which included Jayalalithaa and her friend Sassikala, from the State Small Industry Company, Tansi, [[Guindy]]. Justice P Anbhazhagan delivered the judgment, and said that the evidence stated in the prosecution sheet, and that the sale deed of the prime land in Guindy had been carried out on 29 May 1992, in the unequivocal aim of cheating against the government. The Supreme Court disqualified her in September 2001, resulting in her stepping down and which made [[O Panneerselvam|O. Panneerselvam]] as the chief minister of Tamil Nadu. The Madras High Court acquitted her and other 5 accused in the case of all the charges on 4 December 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|title=23-year-old TANSI case has finally ended for Jayalalithaa: A look back|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/23-year-old-tansi-case-has-finally-ended-jayalalithaa-look-back-21350|access-date=3 June 2020|website=www.thenewsminute.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Subramani|first1=A.|last2=2015|title=23 years on, HC brings curtains down on TANSI case against Jaya|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/23-years-on-HC-brings-curtains-down-on-TANSI-case-against-Jaya/articleshow/46472629.cms|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

=== Disproportionate assets case ===
{{Main|Disproportionate assets case against Jayalalithaa}}Jayalalithaa was initially convicted of misusing her office during her tenure in 1991–1996. [[Subramanian Swamy]] was the main petitioner. Some of the accusations concerned expenditure on her foster son's luxurious marriage in 1996 and acquiring properties worth more than 66.65 crore, as well as jewelry, bank deposits, investment and a convoy of luxury vehicles. The trial lasted for 18 years. Justice [[John Michael D'Cunha]], in a detailed judgement, showed that the entire asset belonged to the accused and no one else.<ref name="FL">{{cite web |title=From trial court verdict by John Michael D'Cunha |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/from-trial-court-verdict-by-john-michael-dcunha/article7247470.ece |website=Frontline |access-date=30 October 2020}}</ref> On 11 May 2015, Jayalalithaa was absolved of all charges by the [[High Court of Karnataka]]. On 14 February 2017, the Supreme Court of India overruled the High Court of Karnataka. Sassikala and the other accused were convicted and sentenced to four years in prison, as well as to a fine of ₹10 crore each.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jayalalithaas-court-appearance-over-heads-back-to-chennai-565662|title=Jayalalithaa's court appearance over, heads back to Chennai|website=NDTV.com|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/sasikalas-conviction-in-wealth-case-upheld-by-supreme-court/articleshow/57140345.cms|title=Sasikala news: Sasikala's conviction in wealth case upheld by Supreme Court {{!}} India News – Times of India|last=Mahapatra|first=Dhananjay|date=14 February 2017|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

=== 2000 Pleasant Stay hotel case ===
{{Main|Pleasant Stay hotel case}}{{See also|2000 Dharmapuri bus burning}}
Pleasant Stay hotel case is the construction of the seven-story hotel "Pleasant stay" in Kodaikanal, which was in breach of the rules for the construction of the seven-story building in a blue ville in the tourist resort town in Kodaikanal. Jayalalithaa, Selvaganapathy and Pandey granted a permission to create a seven-story structure at the hotel. The case was related to Jayalalithaa's supposed clearance by violating government rules to the development of a hotel in [[ecological]]ly significant [[Kodaikanal]]. Jayalalithaa was sentenced in February 2000 to one year's strict imprisonment, with the penalty fined Rs.1000 for conspiracy and criminal misconduct as a public employee. After the court's decision, AIADMK cadres started to riot and arson which burned alive three female students in the [[2000 Dharmapuri bus burning|Dharmapuri bus burning]] and many were killed and injured.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Correspondent|first=Our Special|date=3 February 2000|title=HOTEL CASE VERDICT: AIADMK volunteers go berserk|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-miscellaneous/tp-others/hotel-case-verdict-aiadmk-volunteers-go-berserk/article27999900.ece|access-date=3 June 2020|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The Madras high court later acquitted her on 4 December 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jayalalithaa's blast from the past – convictions and imprisonments|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/jayalalithaa%E2%80%99s-blast-past-%E2%80%93-convictions-and-imprisonments-22478|access-date=3 June 2020|website=www.thenewsminute.com}}</ref>

== Illness, death and reactions ==
[[File:The President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee paying tributes to the mortal remains of Ms. J. Jayalalithaa, in Chennai on December 06, 2016.jpg|thumb|left|The then [[President of India|President]] [[Pranab Mukherjee]] paying tribute to Jayalalithaa in [[Rajaji Hall]]]]
On 22 September 2016, Jayalalithaa was admitted to [[Apollo Hospitals]] in Chennai, as she was suffering from an infection and acute [[dehydration]]. Her official duties were handed over to her aide [[O. Panneerselvam]] on 12 October 2016, though she continued to remain as the chief minister of the state.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/o-panneerselvam-to-hold-tamil-nadu-cm-jayalalithaas-portfolios/articleshow/54799672.cms|title=Panneerselvam to hold CM's portfolios|date=12 October 2016|publisher=Economic time|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref> She was also said to be suffering from a severe pulmonary infection and [[septicaemia]], which were cured. On 4 December 2016, she was re-admitted to the intensive care unit after suffering a cardiac arrest around 16:45.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-38167021 |title=India's Jayaram Jayalalitha still 'critical' after heart attack |newspaper=BBC |date=5 December 2016 |access-date=5 December 2016}}</ref> The hospital released a press statement stating that her condition was "very critical" and that she was on life support.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/jayalalithaas-health-status-live-cm-in-grave-situation-says-apollo-hospitals-md-3139806.html |title=CM in grave situation, says Apollo Hospitals MD |work=Firstpost |date=29 July 2015 |access-date=5 December 2016}}</ref> On 5 December 2016, the hospital announced her death and she became the first female chief minister to die in office in India.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Amma-no-more-Tamil-Nadu-chief-minister-Jayalalithaa-body|title=Jayalalitha passes away|newspaper=Indian Express|date=5 December 2016}}{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

[[Government of India]] declared a one-day [[National day of mourning|national mourning]] with the national flag in all government buildings flying at half-mast.<ref name="jjuabh">{{cite news|last1=Ankita|first1=Bhandari|title=Central govt announces one-day mourning after Jayalalithaa's death|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/tamil-nadu/central-govt-announces-one-day-mourning-after-jayalalithaas-death_1956239.html|access-date=17 December 2016|work=[[Zee News]]|date=6 December 2016|location=New Delhi}}</ref> While a seven-day mourning from 6 to 12 December 2016 was observed by [[Government of Tamil Nadu]],<ref name="natmotn">{{cite news|title=Jayalalithaa death: Centre declares one-day national mourning for Amma, Tricolour to fly at half mast|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/jayalalithaa-dead-centre-declares-one-day-national-mourning-for-amma-4412903/|access-date=17 December 2016|work=[[Indian Express]]|date=6 December 2016|location=New Delhi}}</ref> also three day state mourning from 6 to 8 December 2016 were observed by [[Government of Kerala]]<ref name="jker">{{cite news|title=Three-day official mourning declared in Kerala after Jayalalithaa's demise|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2016/dec/06/three-day-official-mourning-declared-in-kerala-after-jayalalithaas-demise-1546234.html|access-date=17 December 2016|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=6 December 2016|location=[[Thiruvananthapuram]]}}</ref> and the [[Government of Puducherry]].<ref name="jjpy">{{cite news|title=Jayalalithaa death: Pondicherry announces 3-day state mourning|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/jayalalithaa-death-pondicherry-announces-3-day-state-mourning-4413260/|access-date=17 December 2016|work=[[Indian Express]]|date=7 December 2016|location=[[Pondicherry|Puducherry]]}}</ref> One day state mourning on 6 December 2016 was observed by [[Government of Karnataka]],<ref name="jjka">{{cite news|title=Jayalalithaa death: Karnataka declares a day of mourning|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/jayalalithaa-death-karnataka-declares-a-day-of-mourning-4413070/|access-date=17 December 2016|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=6 December 2016|location=[[Bengaluru]]}}</ref>[[Government of Bihar]],<ref name="jjbih">{{cite news|title=All of Bihar is mourning Jayalalithaa's demise: Nitish Kumar|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/jayalalithaa-tamil-nadu-bihar-jayalalithaa-death-4413207/|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=6 December 2016|location=[[Patna]]}}</ref>[[Government of West Bengal]],<ref name="jjwb">{{cite news|title=West Bengal declares state mourning on Jayalalithaa's death |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/West-Bengal-declares-state-mourning-on-Jayalalithaas-death/articleshow/55842062.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=6 December 2016|location=[[Kolkata]]}}</ref>[[Government of Punjab, India|Government of Punjab]]<ref name="jjpunj">{{cite news|title=One day's state mourning in Punjab on Jayalalithaa's|url=http://www.uniindia.com/one-day-s-state-mourning-in-punjab-on-jayalalithaa-s/states/news/709156.html|access-date=17 December 2016|work=[[United News of India]]|date=6 December 2016}}</ref> and [[Government of Goa]].<ref name="jjgoa">{{cite news|title=Goa govt mourns death of Jayalalithaa|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/state-govt-mourns-death-of-jayalalithaa/articleshow/55846817.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=7 December 2016|location=[[Panaji]]}}</ref> Her body was kept [[in state]] at her residence Veda Nilayam in Poes Garden and later at [[Rajaji Hall]] for public to pay their tribute. Her last rites were performed on the evening of 6 December 2016 and she was [[Burial|buried]] at the northern end of the [[Marina Beach]] in Chennai in a sandalwood casket engraved with "Puratchi Thalaivi Selvi J Jayalalithaa", near the grave of her mentor [[M. G. Ramachandran]] at the [[MGR Memorial]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/pm-narendra-modi-to-visit-chennai-to-pay-homage-to-jayalalithaa-10-points-1634456?pfrom=home-lateststories|title=Jayalalithaa To Be Buried In Sandalwood Casket Next To Mentor MGR|work=[[NDTV]]|date=6 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Tamil-Nadu-chief-minister-Jayalalithaa-laid-to-rest/articleshow/55837086.cms |title=Jayalalitha last rites: Amma's Death: Jayalalithaa buried with full state honours |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |access-date=8 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/jayalalithaa-s-achievements-were-discussed-by-manmohan-pranab/story-fQTxbUqbNAFKnxWmaIRWwJ_amp.html |title=Jayalalithaa's achievements were discussed by Manmohan, Pranab |access-date=12 February 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170122191824/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/jayalalithaa-s-achievements-were-discussed-by-manmohan-pranab/story-fQTxbUqbNAFKnxWmaIRWwJ_amp.html |archive-date=22 January 2017 }}</ref>

Dispelling rumours surrounding Jayalalithaa's death, Dr. Richard Beale, the consultant intensivist from the [[London Bridge Hospital]], said the former Tamil Nadu chief minister was critically ill and acute sepsis led to her death.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/doctors-treating-jayalalithaa-reveal-details-here-are-10-major-points/articleshow/56999011.cms|title=UK doctor reveals details behind Jaya's death 'mystery': Major points from his press conference in TN|date=6 February 2017|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref>

In September 2017, [[C. Sreenivaasan]] of AIADMK courted controversy by saying that V. K. Sassikala's family was responsible for Jayalalithaa's death. Sreenivasan said that he had to lie about the late chief minister's death because of pressure.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/jayalalithaa-maa-death-sreenivasan-dhinakaran-apollo-hospital-1050830-2017-09-23|title=How did J Jayalalithaa die? A year later, AIADMK leader says was forced to lie about Amma's death|website=India Today}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
In [[Mani Ratnam]]'s political drama ''[[Iruvar]]'' (1997), the character of Kalpana portrayed by [[Aishwarya Rai]], was inspired by Jayalalithaa and her professional and personal relationship with [[M. G. Ramachandran]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2016/dec/07/how-mani-ratnams-iruvar-put-the-spotlight-on-jaya-1546363.html|title=How Mani Ratnam's Iruvar put the spotlight on Jaya|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/071216/throwback-when-aishwarya-rai-bachchan-played-jayalalithaa-on-the-big-screen.html|title=Throwback: When Aishwarya played Jayalalithaa on the big-screen|date=7 December 2016|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/2016/12/06/aishwarya-rai-played-jayalalithaa-iruvar-mani-ratnam-mgr-mohanlal-karunanidhi-tamil-film-prakash-raj|title=Aishwarya Rai as Jayalalithaa: When the Big Screen Proved Small|website=The Quint|date=6 December 2016}}</ref> [[Faisal Saif]] completed work on major portions of a film titled ''[[Amma (2018 film)|Amma]]'' between 2014 and 2016, but was forced to shelve it following threats from members of Jayalalithaa's political party. The makers denied that the film was a biopic, but stated that actress [[Ragini Dwivedi]] portrayed a role resembling the politician.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/jayalalithaa-reel-and-real-life-inspires-amma-208217-2014-10-01|title=Jayalalithaa's reel and real life inspires Amma|first1=Aravind Gowda|last1=October 1|first2=2014UPDATED|last2=October 1|first3=2014 12:31|last3=Ist|website=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/260618/political-biopics-face-threats-cuts.html|title=Why Jayalalithaa biopic was shelved, ones on Indira Gandhi, Shastri remain uncertain|first=Uma|last=Ramasubramanian|date=26 June 2018|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>

Since Jayalalithaa's death, several filmmakers have announced biopics on the politician, with six currently in production. In January 2017, Telugu filmmaker [[Dasari Narayana Rao]] registered the title ''Amma'' and began preparing for a biopic on the politician. The film was being planned with [[Anushka Shetty]] in the lead role, but Rao's death in May 2017 effectively ended the project, despite indications that [[Mohan Babu]] may revive it.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/amma-jayalalithaa-biopic-dasari-narayana-rao-ramya-krishnan-952959-2017-01-03|title=Jayalalithaa's life on film: Dasari Narayana Rao to direct biopic?|agency=Ist|newspaper=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/dasari-had-planned-jayalalithaa-biopic-with-anushka-shetty/story-AfNc34kCGEnFkzSwSDC2eN.html|title=Dasari Narayana Rao had planned Jayalalithaa biopic with Anushka Shetty|date=31 May 2017|website=www.hindustantimes.com}}</ref> Producer Adithya Bharadwaj announced that his team were over a year into pre-production work for a proposed biopic of Jayalalithaa, during December 2017. Titled ''Thaai: Puratchi Thalaivi'', he revealed that it would predominantly be a fictionalised retelling of her story with some real life footage also included. Bharadwaj suggested that he had briefly touched upon the possibility of a biopic with Jayalalithaa when she was alive, but the script had to be reworked following her death. Despite his suggestions that the film would begin production in January 2018, the project did not take off.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/a-biopic-on-j-jayalalithaa/articleshow/62253802.cms|title=A biopic on J Jayalalithaa |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://scroll.in/reel/863002/jayalalithaa-biopic-in-the-works-titled-thaai-puratchi-thalaivi|title=Jayalalithaa biopic in the works, titled 'Thaai: Puratchi Thalaivi'|work=Scroll.in}}</ref> Soon after news emerged about Vijay's and Priyadarshini's biopics in August 2018, Adithya reconfirmed that [[Bharathiraja]] had been signed to be the director of the film. He added that the team were considering either Aishwarya Rai or Anushka Shetty for the role of Jayalalithaa, and either [[Kamal Haasan]] or [[Mohanlal]] for the role of M. G. Ramachandran.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/bharathirajaa-to-direct-a-biopic-on-j-jayalalithaa-1318856-2018-08-20|title=Three Jayalalithaa biopics in a week: Bharathirajaa wants Aishwarya as Amma?|agency=Ist|newspaper=India Today}}</ref>

In August 2018, producer Vishnu Vardhan Induri of Vibri Media announced that he was working on a biopic of Jayalalithaa, and that [[A. L. Vijay]] would direct the project.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/jayalalithaa-biopic-announced-with-al-vijay-as-director-details-here-1315657-2018-08-16|title=Jayalalithaa biopic announced with AL Vijay as director. Details here|agency=Ist|newspaper=India Today}}</ref> The team announced that pre-production work and research was ongoing and that the film would focus on the personal life of the politician, showing her vulnerable side. Actresses including [[Nayanthara]] and [[Vidya Balan]] were initially approached by Vijay to star in the lead role, while [[Sai Pallavi]] was considered for the supporting role of [[V. K. Sasikala]]. Titled ''[[Thalaivi]]'' (2021), the film began its shoot after a long pre-production phase in November 2019 with [[Kangana Ranaut]] signed to play the lead role.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://silverscreen.in/news/sai-pallavi-may-play-sasikala-in-al-vijays-jayalalithaa-biopic/|title=Sai Pallavi May Play Sasikala In AL Vijay's Jayalalithaa Biopic|first1=Rajeshwari|last1=Manik|first2=an On|last2=December 28|last3=2018|date=28 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/anushka-shetty-aishwarya-rai-vidya-balan-in-talks-to-play-jayalalithaa-in-upcoming-biopic-all-you-need-to-know-5046851.html|title=Anushka Shetty, Aishwarya Rai, Vidya Balan in talks to play Jayalalithaa in upcoming biopic: All you need to know- Entertainment News, Firstpost|date=26 August 2018|website=Firstpost}}</ref><ref name="vijay">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/one-more-biopic-planned-on-former-cm-jayalalithaa/article24710436.ece|title=One more biopic planned on former CM Jayalalithaa|first=Udhav|last=Naig|date=17 August 2018|via=www.thehindu.com|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> Within a day of Induri's announcement of making a film, director Priyadarshini announced that she had also been working for four months on the pre-production of a biopic, which would be launched in September 2018. Priyadarshini suggested that she had four scripts ready, with each focusing on different aspects of Jayalalithaa's life, and that the narration would be balanced by showing both her positive and negative sides.<ref name="vijay"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/another-biopic-on-jayalalithaa-announced-1316129-2018-08-16|title=Another biopic on Jayalalithaa announced!|agency=Ist|newspaper=India Today}}</ref> Titled ''The Iron Lady'', [[Nithya Menen]] was signed on to play the lead role, while [[Aishwarya Rajesh]] and [[Varalaxmi Sarathkumar]] were in talks for a supporting role for the character of Sasikala.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/nithya-menen-on-her-signing-spree-working-with-mysskin-in-psycho-and-playing-jayalalitha-in-priyadarshinis-biopic-5570381.html|title=Nithya Menen on her signing spree, working with Mysskin in Psycho and playing Jayalalitha in Priyadarshini's biopic- Entertainment News, Firstpost|date=18 November 2018|website=Firstpost}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://origin-www.sify.com/movies/the-iron-lady-nithya-menen-as-jayalalithaa-varalakshmi-to-play-sasikala-news-tamil-sjwkTsdjjgajj.html|title=The Iron Lady: Nithya Menen as Jayalalithaa, Varalakshmi to play Sasikala?|website=Sify}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://silverscreen.in/news/the-iron-lady-biopic-on-jayalalithaa-to-go-on-floors-february-2019/|title='The Iron Lady' Biopic On Jayalalithaa To Go On Floors February 2019|first1=Rajeshwari|last1=Manik|first2=an On|last2=October 31|last3=2018|date=31 October 2018}}</ref>

Another biopic to be shot as a web-series by [[Gautham Menon]] became the fourth such announcement of a related project in August 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/filmmaker-gautham-menon-to-helm-a-web-series-on-jayalalithaa/19753196|title=Filmmaker Gautham Menon to helm a web series on Jayalalithaa|date=30 August 2018|website=mid-day}}</ref> Production on the series progressed quietly throughout late 2018, with [[Ramya Krishnan]] selected to play Jayalalithaa, and [[Indrajith Sukumaran|Indrajith]] and [[Vamsi Krishna]] portraying M. G. Ramchandran and [[Sobhan Babu]] respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://origin-www.sify.com/movies/gautham-menon-silently-directing-jayalalithaa-biopic-news-tamil-smwlkKhchgfgh.html|title=Gautham Menon silently directing Jayalalithaa biopic!|website=Sify}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://silverscreen.in/news/gautham-menon-to-direct-a-tv-series-on-j-jayalalithaa/|title=Gautham Menon To Direct A TV Series On J Jayalalithaa|first1=Rajeshwari|last1=Manik|first2=an On|last2=December 22|last3=2018|date=22 December 2018}}</ref> In October 2018, Sasikala's nephew Jeyanandh Dhivakaran announced a further biopic on Jayalalithaa, which would focus more on her relationship with Sasikala and M. Natarajan. Director [[N. Linguswamy|Linguswamy]] was signed on to the project, and began pre-production work by meeting close aides and politicians of Jayalalithaa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://silverscreen.in/news/lingusamy-to-direct-jayalalitha-biopic/|title=Lingusamy To Direct Jayalalithaa Biopic|last1=V|first2=hana On|last2=October 24|last3=2018|date=24 October 2018}}</ref> In April 2019, director Jegadeswara Reddy announced that he was set to make a film titled ''[[Sasilalithaa]]'', which would showcase the relationship between Jayalalithaa and Sasikala. A first look poster was launched, with Reddy announcing that he would enter talks with [[Kajol]] and [[Amala Paul]] to play the lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/sasilalitha-another-biopic-on-former-tamil-nadu-cm-jayalalithaa-announced-1496905-2019-04-08 | title=Sasilalitha: Another biopic on former Tamil Nadu CM Jayalalithaa announced |date=8 April 2019 |work=India Today |access-date=24 November 2019}}</ref>

Jayalalithaa also appeared in an episode of ''[[Rendezvous with Simi Garewal]]'', an informal [[chat-show]] hosted by Indian actress [[Simi Garewal]], where she talked about her personal life and acting/political career.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rendezvous with Jayalalithaa |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yZOar04g4zk |publisher=Simi Garewal |date=Feb 11, 2017}}</ref>

== Elections contested and positions held ==
=== Tamil Nadu Legislative elections ===
{|
|- style="background:#adc;"
! width="160" |Elections
! width="100" |Constituency
! width="70" |Party
! width="70" |Result
! width="70" |Vote percentage
! width="150" |Opposition Candidate
! width="70" |Opposition Party
! width="70" |Opposition vote percentage
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| bgcolor="98FB98" |[[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]||[[Bodinayakkanur (State Assembly Constituency)|Bodinayakkanur]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||Won||54.41||Muthu Manoharan||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||27.27
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| rowspan = "2" bgcolor="98FB98" |[[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]||[[Bargur (State Assembly Constituency)|Bargur]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||Won||65.18||[[T. Rajendar]]||[[Thayaga Marumalarchi Kazhagam|TMK]]||29.34
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|[[Kangayam (State Assembly Constituency)|Kaangayam]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||Won||63.44||[[N. S. Rajkumar Manraadiar]]||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||32.85
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| bgcolor="FFA07A" |[[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]||[[Bargur (State Assembly Constituency)|Bargur]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||Lost||43.54||[[E. G. Sugavanam]]||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||50.71
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| bgcolor="98FB98" |[[2002–2003 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-election|2002 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-election]]||[[Andipatti (state assembly constituency)|Aandippatti]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||Won||58.22||Vaigai Sekar||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||27.64
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| bgcolor="98FB98" |[[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]||[[Andipatti (state assembly constituency)|Aandippatti]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||Won||55.04||Seeman||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||36.29
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| bgcolor="98FB98" |[[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]||[[Srirangam (State Assembly Constituency)|Thiruvarangam]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||Won||58.99||N. Anand||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||35.55
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| bgcolor="98FB98" |[[2015 elections in India#Tamil Nadu|2015 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-election]]||[[Radhakrishnan Nagar|Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||Won||88.43||C. Mahendran||[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]||5.35
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| bgcolor="98FB98" |[[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]||[[Radhakrishnan Nagar|Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||Won||55.87||Shimla Muthuchozhan||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||33.14
|}

===Posts in Parliament of India===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!width=70|Year
!width=195|Constituency
!width=300|Position
!width=150|From
!width=150|To
|-
| [[1984 Indian Rajya Sabha elections|1984]] || [[Tamil Nadu]] || [[Member of Parliament]], [[Rajya Sabha]] || 3 April 1984 || 28 January 1989
|}

===Posts in Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!width=70|Year
!width=195|Constituency
!width=300|Position
!width=150|From
!width=150|To
|-
| [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || [[Bodinayakkanur (state assembly constituency)|Bodinayakkanur]] || [[Leader of the Opposition]] || 9 February 1989 || 30 November 1989
|-
| 1989 || Bodinayakkanur || [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]] || 1 December 1989 || 30 January 1991
|-
| [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]] || [[Bargur (state assembly constituency)|Bargur]] || [[Chief Minister]] || 24 June 1991 || 12 May 1996
|-
| [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]] || Not Contested || Chief Minister || 14 May 2001 || 21 September 2001
|-
| [[2002–2003 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-election|2002]] || [[Andipatti (state assembly constituency)|Aandippatti]] || Chief Minister || 2 March 2002 || 12 May 2006
|-
| [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]] || Aandippatti || [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]] || 19 May 2006 || 28 May 2006
|-
| 2006 || Aandippatti || [[Leader of the Opposition]] || 29 May 2006 || 14 May 2011
|-
| [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]] || [[Srirangam (state assembly constituency)|Thiruvarangam]] || [[Chief Minister]] || 16 May 2011 || 27 September 2014
|-
| 2015 || [[Radhakrishnan Nagar|Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar]] || Chief Minister || 23 May 2015 || 22 May 2016
|-
| [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]] || Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar || Chief Minister || 23 May 2016 || 5 December 2016
|}

== Awards and honors ==
* In 1972, J. Jayalalithaa was awarded the [[Kalaimamani]] by the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="degrees"/>
* [[Honorary doctorate]] received from [[University of Madras]] in 1991.<ref name="degrees">{{cite web|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/gov_cm.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090911085023/http://www.tn.gov.in/gov_cm.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 September 2009 |title=Awards and Special Degrees |publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu |location=Chennai, India |access-date=10 November 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://goodtimes.ndtv.com/PhotoDetail.aspx?Page=37&ID=6852&AlbumType=PG| title=Awards| publisher=NDTV|access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref>
* Honorary doctorate received from [[Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University|The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University]] in 1992.<ref name="degrees"/>
* Honorary doctorate received from [[Madurai Kamaraj University]] in 1993.<ref name="degrees"/>
* Honorary doctorate received from [[Tamil Nadu Agricultural University]] in 2003.<ref name="degrees"/>
* Honorary doctorate received from [[Bharathidasan University]] in 2003.<ref name="degrees"/>
* In 2004, She was invited by the [[House of Lords]], [[London]] to receive the "Woman Politician of the Decade Award" from the Asian Guild Awards.<ref name="degrees"/>
* In 2004, The "Golden Star of Honor and Dignity Award" was conferred upon her by the [[Ukraine]]-based International Human Rights Defense Committee recognizing her services in protecting the weaker section of society and in the field of gender equality in Tamil Nadu and India.<ref name="degrees"/> Then [[Secretary-General of the United Nations|United Nations Secretary General]] [[Kofi Annan]], [[President of Russia|Russian President]] [[Vladimir Putin]] and [[Prime Minister of Iceland|Iceland Prime Minister]] [[Davíð Oddsson|David oddson]] were the only three previous recipients of the award<ref>{{cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/jayalalithaa-to-be-awarded-soon/articleshow/878290.cms?from=mdr |title=Jayalalithaa to be awarded soon|date=8 October 2004|work=Economic Times}}</ref>
* In 2011, a resolution was passed by the [[New Jersey General Assembly]] to appreciate her exemplary excellence and dedication as a leader and in service to the people of Tamil Nadu.<ref name="degrees"/>
* In 2018, Government of Tamil Nadu renamed [[Tamil Nadu Fisheries University]] after her as Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University.
* In 2019, Government of Tamil Nadu named three Kalaimamani award after her as Puratchi Thalaivi Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Special Kalaimamani Award.
* In 2019, Government of Tamil Nadu renamed [[Tamil Nadu Music and Fine Arts University]] after her as The Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Music and Fine Arts University.
* In 2020, Government of Tamil Nadu renamed Tamil Nadu State Council for Higher Education Campus after her as Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Campus.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jayalalithaa statue to be installed at State Council for Higher Education |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/jayalalithaa-statue-to-be-installed-at-state-council-for-higher-education/article31157434.ece |access-date=25 March 2020 |work=The Hindu |date=25 March 2020 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
* On 31 July 2020, [[Chennai Mofussil Bus Terminus]] in [[Chennai]] has been renamed as [[Puratchi Thalaivi Dr. J. Jayalalithaa CMBT metro station|Puratchi Thalaivi Dr. J. Jayalalithaa CMBT Metro]] by [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] to honor her.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2020/jul/31/tamil-nadu-government-to-rename-three-metro-rail-stations-in-chennai-after-late-chief-ministers-2177261.html |title=Tamil Nadu government to rename three metro rail stations in Chennai after late Chief Ministers |date=31 July 2020 |access-date=31 July 2020 |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== See also ==
* [[First Jayalalithaa ministry]]
* [[Second Jayalalithaa ministry]]
* [[Third Jayalalithaa ministry]]
* [[Fourth Jayalalithaa ministry]]
* [[Fifth Jayalalithaa ministry]]
* [[Sixth Jayalalithaa ministry]]

== Further reading ==
{{refbegin|2}}
* {{cite book|title=Amma: Jayalalithaa's Journey From Movie Star To Political Queen|last=Vassanthi|ref=Vaasanthi|publisher=Juggernaut|year=2016|isbn=978-8193284148}}
* {{cite book|title=Cut-outs, Caste and Cines Stars|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8ldacEfF58EC&q=jayalalitha+saree+pulled+in+assembly&pg=PA88|last=Vassanthi|ref=Vaasanthi|publisher=Penguin Books India|year=2008|isbn=978-0-14-306312-4}}
* {{Cite book |last=Ramaswamy |first=Vijaya |title=Historical dictionary of the Tamils|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H4q0DHGMcjEC&q=jayalalitha+films&pg=PA101 |year=2007|publisher=Scarecrow Press|location=United States|isbn=978-0-470-82958-5|ref=Ramaswamy}}
* {{cite book|title=M.G. Ramachandran: Jewel of the Masses|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CIX11WBlVGAC&q=jayalalitha+films&pg=PA1986|last=Swaminathan|first=Roopa|publisher=Rupa Publications|page=1986|year=2002|isbn=9788171678976|ref=Swaminathan}}
* {{cite book|last=Velayutham|first=Selvaraj|title=Tamil Cinema: The Cultural Politics of India's Other Film Industry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kuPaE3v22zAC&q=jayalalitha+films&pg=PA93|page=93|year=2008|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-39680-6|ref=Velayutham}}
* {{cite book|title=Love's Rite|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=trQj0GrKuPoC&q=jayalalitha+%2B+women+police+stations&pg=PA158|last=Vanitha|first=Rose|ref=Vanitha|publisher=Penguin Books India|year=2005|isbn=978-0-14-400059-3}}
* {{cite book|title=Refugee Management: Sri Lankan Refugges in Tamil Nadu, 1983–2000|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4eDh7Y7wYXgC&q=jayalalitha+1991+rajiv|year=2005|last=Das|first=Sumita|publisher=Mittal publications|isbn=9788183240666|ref=Das}}
* {{cite book|title=My Frozen Turbulence In Kashmir|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wpVhCICrRb4C&q=janaki+ramachandran+chief+minister|last=Jagmohan|year=2007|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=9788181242174}}
* {{cite book|title=Jayalalithaa: A Journey|last=Sen Sri Raman|first=Papri|publisher=Vitasta Publishing|year=2017|isbn=978-9382711865|location=Delhi}}
{{refend}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Sister project links|wikt=no|commons=Category:J. Jayalalithaa|Jayalalithaa| b=no | n=no | q=Jayalalithaa | s=no|v=no|voy=no|species=no|d=no|display=J. Jayalalithaa}}

*[https://www.scribd.com/document/339287469/Full-text-SC-order-convicting-Sasikala-in-DA-case#fullscreen&from_embed/ In The Supreme Court Of India Criminal Appellate Jurisdiction]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4762593.stm Profile] at ''[[BBC News]]''
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080227154244/http://transcurrents.com/tamiliana/archives/549 Jayalalithaa: From Alluring Actress to Powerful Politician-by D.B.S. Jeyaraj]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1850717.stm BBC News article – ''Jayalalitha returns to power'' (dated 2 March 2002)]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4762593.stm BBC – Controversial life of Jayalalitha]
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/tamil/jaya_thapar.ram BBC Hardtalk RealPlayer video of Jayalalitha (RealPlayer required)]
* {{IMDb name|0412883|J.Jayalalitha}}
*[https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/the-life-and-times-of-jayalalitha/205450 The Life And Times Of Jayalalitha | Outlook India Magazine]

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Jayaram, Jayalalithaa}}
[[Category:Jayalalithaa]]
[[Category:1948 births]]
[[Category:2016 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
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[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
[[Category:Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:English film actresses]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:Heads of government who were later imprisoned]]
[[Category:Indian actor-politicians]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
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[[Category:Members of the 12th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Members of the 13th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Members of the 14th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Members of the 15th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:People from Mandya district]]
[[Category:State funerals in India]]
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[[Category:Tamil Nadu State Film Awards winners]]
[[Category:Women chief ministers of Indian states]]
[[Category:Women in Tamil Nadu politics]]
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J. Jayalalithaa

2022-04-09T14:06:57Z

Snthilakammarist:

{{short description|Indian politician and actress, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu (1948–2016)}}
{{Indian name|Jayalalithaa|Jayaram}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = J. Jayalalithaa
| image = J Jayalalithaa.jpg
| caption = Jayalalithaa in August 2015
| office = 5th [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]]
| term_start = 23 May 2015
| term_end = 5 December 2016
| governor = {{ubl|[[Konijeti Rosaiah]]|[[C. Vidyasagar Rao]] (Additional Charge)}}
| predecessor = [[O. Panneerselvam]]
| successor = [[O. Panneerselvam]]
| constituency = [[Radhakrishnan Nagar]]
| term_start1 = 16 May 2011
| term_end1 = 27 September 2014
| governor1 = {{ubl|[[Surjit Singh Barnala]]|[[Konijeti Rosaiah]]}}
| predecessor1 = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| successor1 = [[O. Panneerselvam]]
| constituency1 = [[Srirangam (state assembly constituency)|Srirangam]]
| term_start2 = 2 March 2002
| term_end2 = 12 May 2006
| governor2 = {{ubl|[[P. S. Ramamohan Rao]]|[[Surjit Singh Barnala]]}}
| predecessor2 = [[O. Panneerselvam]]
| successor2 = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| constituency2 = [[Andipatti (state assembly constituency)|Andipatti]]
| term_start3 = 14 May 2001
| term_end3 = 21 September 2001
| governor3 = {{ubl|[[Fathima Beevi]]|[[C. Rangarajan]] (Additional Charge)}}
| predecessor3 = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| successor3 = [[O. Panneerselvam]]
| constituency3 = ''Did not contest''
| term_start4 = 24 June 1991
| term_end4 = 12 May 1996
| governor4 = {{ubl|[[Bhishma Narain Singh]]|[[Marri Chenna Reddy]]}}
| predecessor4 = [[President's rule]]
| successor4 = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| constituency4 = [[Bargur (state assembly constituency)|Bargur]]
| office5 = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| term_start5 = 3 April 1984
| term_end5 = 28 January 1989
| 1blankname5 = Leader of the House
| 1namedata5 = {{ubl|[[Pranab Mukherjee]]|[[Vishwanath Pratap Singh]]|[[N. D. Tiwari]]|[[P. Shiv Shankar]]}}
| predecessor5 = [[Sathyavani Muthu]]
| successor5 = [[Tha. Kiruttinan]]
| constituency5 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| office6 = [[Leader of the Opposition]] in the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start6 = 29 May 2006
| term_end6 = 14 May 2011
| 1blankname6 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata6 = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| predecessor6 = [[O. Panneerselvam]]
| successor6 = [[Vijayakanth|Vijayakant]]
| constituency6 = [[Andipatti (state assembly constituency)|Andipatti]]
| 1blankname7 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata7 = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| term_start7 = 9 February 1989
| term_end7 = 30 November 1989
| predecessor7 = [[O. Subramanian]]
| successor7 = [[S. R. Eradha]]
| constituency7 = [[Bodinayakkanur (state assembly constituency)|Bodinayakkanur]]
| office8 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start8 = 4 July 2015
| term_end8 = 5 December 2016
| 1blankname8 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata8 = ''Herself''
| predecessor8 = [[P. Vetrivel]]
| successor8 = [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]]
| constituency8 = [[Radhakrishnan Nagar]]
| term_start9 = 23 May 2011
| term_end9 = 27 September 2014
| 1blankname9 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata9 = ''Herself''
| predecessor9 = [[M. Paranjothi]]
| successor9 = [[S. Valarmathi]]
| constituency9 = [[Srirangam (state assembly constituency)|Srirangam]]
| term_start10 = 24 February 2002
| term_end10 = 14 May 2011
| 1blankname10 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata10 = {{ubl|''Herself''|[[M. Karunanidhi]]}}
| predecessor10 = [[Thanga Tamil Selvan]]
| successor10 = [[Thanga Tamil Selvan]]
| constituency10 = [[Andipatti (state assembly constituency)|Andipatti]]
| term_start11 = 1 July 1991
| term_end11 = 12 May 1996
| 1blankname11 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata11 = ''Herself''
| predecessor11 = [[K. R. Rajendran]]
| successor11 = [[E. G. Sugavanam]]
| constituency11 = [[Bargur (state assembly constituency)|Bargur]]
| term_start12 = 6 February 1989
| term_end12 = 30 January 1991
| 1blankname12 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata12 = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| predecessor12 = [[K. S. M. Ramachandran]]
| successor12 = [[V. Panneerselvam]]
| constituency12 = [[Bodinayakkanur (state assembly constituency)|Bodinayakkanur]]
| office13 = General Secretary of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| term_start13 = 9 February 1989
| term_end13 = 5 December 2016
| 1blankname13 = Inaugural Holder
| 1namedata13 = [[M. G. Ramachandran]]
| predecessor13 = S. Raghavanandam
| successor13 = [[V. K. Sasikala]]
| office14 = [[Ministry of propaganda|Propaganda Secretary]] of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| term_start14 = 1983
| term_end14 = 1984
| 1blankname14 = Party President
| 1namedata14 = [[M. G. Ramachandran]]
| 2blankname14 = General Secretary
| 2namedata14 = [[P. U. Shanmugam]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1948|02|24}}
| birth_place = [[Melukote]], [[Mysore State]], [[Dominion of India]] (present day [[Karnataka]], [[India]])
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2016|12|05|1948|02|24|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| death_cause = [[Cardiac Arrest]]
| resting_place = [[MGR Memorial|Puratchi Thalaivi Jayalalithaa Ninaividam]]
| party = [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] [[File:AIADMK Two Leaves.png|28x28px]]
| relatives = [[Deepa Jayakumar]] (niece)
| residence = Veda Nilayam 81, Poes Garden, [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| alma_mater = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Bishop Cotton Girls' School]]|[[Sacred Heart Matriculation School|Church Park Presentation Convent]]|[[Stella Maris College, Chennai]]}}
| profession = {{hlist|Film actress|writer|politician|philanthropist}}
| awards = * [[Honorary Doctorate]] (1991)
* [[Kalaimamani]] (1972)
| signature = Jayalalithaa Signature.svg
| nickname = ''Amma'', ''Puratchi Thalaivi'', ''Thanga Thaaragai'', ''Kalai Selvi''
}}

'''Jayaram Jayalalithaa'''{{efn|In 2000 Jayalalitha appended an additional letter "a" to her name for [[numerological]] reasons.<ref>{{cite news |author=[[Shashi Tharoor]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mag/2001/12/23/stories/2001122300310300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020328012141/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/mag/2001/12/23/stories/2001122300310300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 March 2002 |title='Scrabble' in real life |date=23 December 2001|newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=23 December 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tehelka.com/2009/05/chasing-the-poll-stars/ |title=Chasing The Poll Stars |author=Tusha Mittal|work=Tehelka |access-date=9 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821172959/http://www.tehelka.com/2009/05/chasing-the-poll-stars/ |archive-date=21 August 2017 |url-status=dead }}. May 2009.</ref>}} (24 February 1948 – 5 December 2016) was an Indian politician and film actress who served as the [[chief minister of Tamil Nadu]] for more than fourteen years between 1991 and 2016. From 9 February 1989, she was the general secretary of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK), a [[Dravidian party]] whose cadre revered her as their "''{{lang|ta|Amma}}''" (mother) and "{{lang|ta|'''Puratchi Thalaivi'''}}" (Revolutionary leader).<ref name="puratchithalavi">{{cite news|title=PURATCHI THALAIVI JAYALALITHAA|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/topic/Puratchi-Thalaivi-Jayalalithaa|access-date=18 December 2016|work=indiatimes.com|date=6 December 2016}}</ref> Her critics in the media and the opposition accused her of fostering a [[personality cult]] and of demanding absolute loyalty from AIADMK legislators and ministers, who often publicly [[Prostration|prostrated]] themselves before her.<ref name="outlook20110321" />

Jayalalithaa first came into prominence as a leading film actress in the mid-1960s. Though she had entered the profession reluctantly, upon the urging of her mother to support the family, Jayalalithaa worked prolifically. She appeared in [[Jayalalithaa filmography|140 films]] between 1961 and 1980, primarily in the [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]], [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] and [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]] languages. Jayalalithaa received praise for her versatility as an actress and for her dancing skills, earning the sobriquet "Queen of Tamil Cinema".<ref name="jjte">{{cite news|title=Jayalalithaa death: Telugu stars mourn Amma's loss!|url=http://zeenews.india.com/regional/jayalalithaa-death-telugu-stars-mourn-ammas-loss_1956451.html|access-date=18 December 2016|work=[[Zee News]]|date=6 December 2016}}</ref> Among her frequent co-stars was [[M. G. Ramachandran]], popularly known as M.G.R, a Tamil [[cultural icon]] who leveraged his immense popularity with the masses into a successful political career. In 1982, when M.G.R was chief minister, Jayalalithaa joined the AIADMK, the party he founded. Her political rise was rapid; within a few years she became AIADMK propaganda secretary and was elected to the [[Rajya Sabha]], the [[upper house]] of [[India's Parliament]]. After M.G.R's death in 1987, Jayalalithaa proclaimed herself his political heir and, having fought off the faction headed by [[V. N. Janaki Ramachandran]], M.G.R's widow, emerged as the sole leader of the AIADMK. Following the [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989 election]], she became Leader of the Opposition to the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]-led government headed by [[M. Karunanidhi]], her ''bête noire''.

In [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]] Jayalalithaa became chief minister, Tamil Nadu's youngest, for the first time. She earned a reputation for centralizing state power among a coterie of bureaucrats; her [[Tamil Nadu Council of Ministers|council of ministers]], whom she often shuffled around, were largely ceremonial in nature. The successful cradle-baby scheme, which enabled mothers to anonymously offer their newborns for adoption, emerged during this time. Despite an official salary of only a rupee a month, Jayalalithaa indulged in public displays of wealth, culminating in a lavish wedding for her foster son in 1995. In the [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996 election]], the [[AIADMK]] was nearly wiped out at the hustings; Jayalalithaa herself lost her seat. The new [[Karunanidhi]] government filed several corruption cases against her, and she had to spend time in jail. Her fortunes revived in the [[Indian general election, 1998 (Tamil Nadu)|1998 general election]], as the AIADMK became a key component of Prime Minister [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]'s 1998–99 government; her withdrawal of support toppled it and triggered [[1999 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu|another general election]] just a year later.

The AIADMK returned to power in [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]], although Jayalalithaa was personally disbarred from contesting due to the corruption cases. Within a few months of her taking oath as chief minister, in September 2001, she was disqualified from holding office and forced to cede the chair to aide [[O. Panneerselvam]]. Upon her acquittal six months later, Jayalalithaa returned as chief minister to complete her term. Noted for its ruthlessness to political opponents, many of whom were arrested in midnight raids, her government grew unpopular. Another period (2006–11) in the opposition followed, before Jayalalithaa was sworn in as chief minister for the fourth time after the AIADMK swept the [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011 assembly election]]. Her government received attention for its extensive social-welfare agenda, which included several subsidized {{lang|ta|"Amma"}}-branded goods such as canteens, bottled water, salt and cement. Three years into her tenure, she was convicted in a [[Disproportionate assets case against Jayalalithaa|disproportionate-assets case]], rendering her disqualified to hold office. She returned as chief minister after being acquitted in May 2015. In the [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016 assembly election]], she became the first Tamil Nadu chief minister since M.G.R in 1984 to be voted back into office. That September, she fell severely ill and, following 75 days of hospitalization, died on 5 December 2016 due to cardiac arrest and became the first female chief minister in India to die in office.

On 29 May 2020, Jayalalithaa's nephew J. Deepak and niece [[Deepa Jayakumar]] were declared as her legal heirs by [[Madras High Court]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/jayalalithaa-s-niece-and-nephew-declared-legal-heirs-can-claim-her-properties-125374|title=Jayalalithaa’s niece and nephew declared legal heirs, can claim her properties|date=27 May 2020|website=The News Minute}}</ref>

== Early life, education and family ==
Jayalalithaa was born on 24 February 1948 as Komalavalli after her grandmother at [[Melukote]], [[Pandavapura]] taluk, [[Mandya]] district, then in [[Mysore State]] (now [[Karnataka]]) to Jayaram and Vedavalli (Sandhya) in a [[Tamils|Tamil]] [[Brahmin]] [[Iyengar]] family.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jayalalithaa Jayaram Biography – About family, political life, awards won, history |url=https://www.elections.in/political-leaders/jayalalithaa-jayaram.html |website=Elections in India |access-date=24 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/why-j-jayalalithaa-was-buried-and-not-cremated/articleshow/55838340.cms|title=Why J Jayalalithaa was buried and not cremated|work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=7 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=IANS|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-in-school-her-name-was-komalavalli-1028237|title=In school her name was Komalavalli|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|date=7 May 2006 |access-date=11 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Babu|first=T. E. Narasimhan & Gireesh|date=2016-12-06|title=Jayalalithaa dead at 68: How Komalavalli became the 'Iron Lady' of Tamil Nadu|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/jayalalithaa-dead-at-68-how-komalavalli-became-the-iron-lady-of-tamil-nadu-116120500945_1.html|access-date=2021-06-10}}</ref>

She was fluent in several languages, including Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, [[Hindi]], Malayalam and English.<ref>{{cite news|agency=IANS |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1872517.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629122520/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1872517.cms |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 June 2013 |title=Jayalalithaa to debut in Hindi for campaigns |newspaper=The Economic Times |date=8 April 2007 |access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> She spoke with actress Saroja Devi in Kannada regularly as they were close friends and would talk to each other only in Kannada. She often conversed with Karnataka Chief ministers in Kannada. Basavaraja Bommayi, the former irrigation minister of Karnataka said, “I was astonished by her Kannada slang and fluency.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/south/jayalalithaa-love-for-kannada-language|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027101411/https://newsable.asianetnews.com/south/jayalalithaa-love-for-kannada-language|url-status=dead|archive-date=2020-10-27|title=Jayalalithaa’s deep love for Kannada will surprise you|date=27 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-12-06|title=Proud Tamilian born in Karnataka, Jayalalithaa had a long history with Kannadiga activists|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/proud-tamilian-born-karnataka-jayalalithaa-had-long-history-kannadiga-activists-53889|access-date=2021-06-11|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref>

The name Jayalalithaa was adopted at the age of one for the purpose of using the name in school and colleges. It was derived from the names of two houses where she resided in Mysore. One was "Jaya Vilas" and the other "Lalitha Vilas". Her paternal grandfather, Narasimhan Rengachary, was in the service of the [[Mysore kingdom]] as a surgeon, and served as the court physician to Maharaja [[Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV]] of Mysore. Her maternal grandfather, Rangasamy Iyengar, moved to Mysore from [[Srirangam]] to work with [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]]. He had one son and three daughters—Ambujavalli, Vedavalli and Padmavalli. Vedavalli was married to Jayaram son of Narasimhan Rengachary. The couple Jayaram-Vedvalli had two children: a son Jayakumar and a daughter, Jayalalitha.<ref name="thehansindia">{{cite news|last1=Chandrakanth|first1=W|title=A never-say-die leader|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/National/2016-12-06/A-never-say-die-leader/267247|access-date=11 December 2016|work=[[The Hans India]]|date=6 December 2016}}</ref> Her mother, her relatives and later co-stars and friends referred to her as Ammu.<ref>{{cite news|last=Babu|first=Venkatesha|title=Ammu to Amma: The life and times of Jayalalithaa Jayaraman|url=http://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/ammu-to-amma-the-life-and-times-of-jayalalithaa-jayaraman/story/241781.html|website=Business Today|date=6 December 2016|access-date=9 December 2016}}</ref>

Jayalalithaa's father, Jayaram, was a lawyer but never worked and squandered most of the family's wealth. He died when Jayalalithaa was two years old. The widowed Vedavalli returned to her father's home in [[Bengaluru|Bangalore]] in 1950.<ref name="outlook20110321">{{cite web |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/the-road-to-ammahood/270858|website=Outlook India |title=The Road To Ammahood |date=21 March 2011 |first=Sugata |last=Srinivasaraju|access-date=11 December 2016}}</ref> Vedavalli learnt shorthand and typewriting to take up a clerical position to help support the family in 1950. Her younger sister Ambujavalli had moved to Madras, working as an air hostess. She also started acting in drama and films using the screen name Vidyavathy. On the insistence of Ambujavalli, Jayalalithaa's mother Vedavalli also relocated to Madras and stayed with her sister from 1952. Vedavalli worked in a commercial firm in Madras and began dabbling in acting from 1953 under the screen name Sandhya. Jayalalithaa remained under the care of her mother's sister Padmavalli and maternal grandparents from 1950 to 1958 in Mysore.<ref name="outlook20110321"/><ref name="thehansindia"/> While still in Bangalore, Jayalalithaa attended [[Bishop Cotton Girls' School]], [[Bangalore]].<ref name="TNgov">{{cite web |url=http://www.tn.gov.in/tnassembly/assembly2001/archives/jjaya.htm |title=Profile |publisher= Government of Tamil Nadu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303212850/http://tn.gov.in/tnassembly/assembly2001/archives/jjaya.htm |archive-date=3 March 2009|access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> In later interviews, Jayalalithaa spoke emotionally about how she missed her mother growing up in a different city. She had the opportunity to visit her mother during summer holidays.<ref name="thehansindia"/>

After her aunt Padmavalli's marriage in 1958, Jayalalithaa moved to Madras and began to live with her mother. She completed her education at Sacred Heart Matriculation School (popularly known as Church Park Presentation Convent or Presentation Church Park Convent).<ref name="thehansindia"/><ref name="Ironlady">{{cite journal|last=Raman |first=A. S. |date=September 2001 |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2242/is_1628_279/ai_79354002 |title=The Iron Lady of India |journal=The Contemporary Review |access-date=10 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912104146/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2242/is_1628_279/ai_79354002/ |archive-date=12 September 2011 }}</ref>

She excelled at school and was offered a government scholarship to pursue further education.<ref name="TNgov"/> She won Gold State Award for coming first in 10th standard in the state of Tamil Nadu. She joined [[Stella Maris College (Chennai)|Stella Maris College]], [[Chennai]]; however, discontinued her studies due pressure from her mother and became a film actress.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/Stella-Maris-remembers-former-CM/article16791819.ece | title=Stella Maris remembers former CM | newspaper=The Hindu | date=11 December 2016 | access-date=27 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/061216/so-singh-what-do-you-make-of-my-campaign-asked-jaya.html | title=So Singh, what do you make of my campaign, Jaya asked our reporter | publisher=Deccan Chronicle | work=R Bhagwan Singh | date=6 December 2016 | access-date=27 November 2018}}</ref>

The Poes Garden plot was bought by Jayalalithaa and her mother in 1967. Jayalalithaa's mother sandhya died in November 1971 at the age of 47.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/tamil-nadu-poes-garden-controversy-who-s-residence-is-it-anyway/story-HJVC4MGtz7InYigJmtWYwL.html | title=Tamil Nadu: Who's residence is it anyway? Jayalalithaa's Poes Garden lies unoccupied | website=hindustan times | date=25 June 2017}}</ref> Jayalalithaa herself held the ''house warming ceremony'' of her residence ''Veda Nilayam'' (named after her beloved mother Vedavalli alias Sandhya) on May 15, 1972 early in the morning, followed by [[dinner]] and a [[Veena]] recital by classical musician [[Chitti Babu (musician)|Chitti babu]] in the evening.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2019/01/27/was-jayalalithaa-poes-garden-residence-attached-by-it-department.html | title=Is Jayalalithaa's Poes Garden residence under attachment by IT department? | website=The Week | date=27 January 2019}}</ref> Her brother's wedding took place at her Veda Nilayam home in Poes Garden in 1972.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/cover/jayalalithaa-deepa.html | title=JAYA, MY AUNT Inheritance of loss | website=The Week | date=18 December 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/i-am-jayalalithaas-legal-heir-and-i-am-ready-fight-deepa-jayakumar-tnm-54131 |title=I am Jayalalithaa's legal heir and I am ready to fight: Deepa Jayakumar to TNM |publisher=The News Minute |date=10 December 2016 |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> Her brother Jayakumar, his wife Vijayalakshmi and their daughter [[Deepa Jayakumar]] lived in Poes Garden with Jayalalithaa till 1978<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/jayalalithaa-dead-deepa-jayakumar-questions-aunts-death-as-sasikala-readies-to-takeover-aiadmk-3151686.html |title=Jayalalithaa's niece Deepa Jayakumar aims to make things tricky for Sasikala |access-date=13 February 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170219084533/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/jayalalithaa-dead-deepa-jayakumar-questions-aunts-death-as-sasikala-readies-to-takeover-aiadmk-3151686.html |archive-date=19 February 2017 }}</ref> and then moved to T.Nagar Madras at the bungalow 'Sandhya Illam' which was bought by mother of Jayalalithaa.<ref>{{Cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Crowd-continues-to-swell-at-Deepa's-house/article17009933.ece |title = Crowd continues to swell at Deepa's house|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 9 January 2017|last1 = Jesudasan|first1 = Dennis S.}}</ref> Her brother was unhappy with adoption of Sudhakaran, a relative of Sasikala, as foster son of Jayalalithaa.<ref>{{cite news|first=Somak |last=Ghoshal |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2016/12/10/jayalithaas-niece-deepa-jayakumar-challenges-sasikala-to-claim/ |title=Jayalalithaa's Niece Deepa Jayakumar Challenges Sasikala To Claim Her Aunt's Legacy |work=Huffington Post |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref>

Jayalalithaa had adopted [[V. K. Sasikala|Sasikala]]'s nephew Sudhakaran in 1995 and disowned him in 1996.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://newsable.asianetnews.tv/south/son-for-one-year-why-did-jayalalithaa-disown-sudhakaran|title=Son-for-one-year: Why did Jayalalithaa disown foster son Sudhakaran?|newspaper=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|access-date=22 February 2017|language=en}}</ref> Her brother died in 1995 of heart attack.<ref>{{cite web|author=Julie Mariappan |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Niece-I-want-to-see-Jaya-aunt-they-stopped-me-at-the-gates/articleshow/54707118.cms |title=Jayalalithaa health: Jayalalitha News: Niece – I want to see Jaya aunt, they stopped me at the gates |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=6 October 2016 |access-date=5 December 2016}}</ref>

She was fond of having dogs as her pets. But after death of Julie, a [[spitz]], in 1998 she could not bear the loss and hence discontinued keeping pet dogs at her home.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Lesser-known-facets-of-Jayalalithaa/article16762804.ece1|title=Lesser known facets of Jayalalithaa|date=6 December 2016|via=www.thehindu.com|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref>

== Film career ==
{{See also|Jayalalitha filmography}}

=== Early career ===

In Madras (now [[Chennai]]), Jayalalithaa was trained in [[Carnatic music]], western classical piano<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/Lawyers-hail-HC%E2%80%99s-tribute-to-Jayalalithaa/article16788292.ece |title=Lawyers hail HC's tribute to Jayalalithaa |work=The Hindu |date=10 December 2016 |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> and various forms of classical dance, including [[Bharatanatyam]], [[Kuchipudi]], [[Mohiniyattam]], [[Manipuri dance|Manipuri]], [[Kathak]].<ref name=NDTV1>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/people/jayalalithaa-the-amma-of-tamil-nadu-politics-1294266|title=Jayalalithaa, The Amma Of Tamil Nadu Politics|last=Ghosh|first=Deepshikha|website=[[NDTV]]|date=1 April 2016|access-date=11 December 2016}}</ref> She learnt Bharatnatyam and dance forms under K.J.Sarasa.<ref name="sp">{{Cite magazine |last=Ramachandran |first=T. M. |date=23 October 1965 |title=A New Bright Star |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12064/page/n221 |magazine=[[Sport and Pastime]] |volume=19 |pages=50–51}}</ref> She had also learnt Kuchipudi under Padma Bhushan Guru [[Vempati Chinna Satyam|Dr. Vempati Chinna Satyam]]. She became an accomplished dancer and gave her debut dance performance at the Rasika Ranjani Sabha in Mylapore in May 1960.<ref name="BS"/> The Chief Guest at the Arangetram was [[Shivaji Ganesan]], who called her a "thanga silai" (golden statue) and expressed wish that Jayalalithaa becomes a film star in future.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/sivaji-ganesans-wish-12-year-old-jayalalithaa-ended-coming-true-45599 |title=Sivaji Ganesan's wish for 12-year-old Jayalalithaa ended up coming true |publisher=The News Minute |date=28 June 2016 |access-date=5 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/photo-features/what-stars-who-worked-with-jayalalithaa-say/photostory/55848093.cms |title=What stars who worked with Jayalalithaa say! |publisher=timesofindia |date=5 December 2016}}</ref>

While a child, Jayalalithaa acted in the Kannada-language film ''[[Sri Shaila Mahathme]]'' (1961), which had [[Rajkumar (actor)|Rajkumar]] and [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]] in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/did-you-know-/Jayalalitha-has-acted-in-Kannada-movies/articleshow/44752455.cms|title=Jayalilathaa has acted in Kannada|work=The Times of India|access-date=1 February 2016}}</ref> She had been taken to the studio by her mother as she was shooting in the same premises for a different film. While Jayalalithaa was watching the shooting, a problem arose as the child actress playing the [[Goddess Parvathy]] in a school drama scene in the film failed to show up and the producer Neerlahalli Thalikerappa and director Aroor Pattabhi asked Sandhya if Jayalalithaa could be asked to act in the dance sequence. Sandhya agreed and Jayalalithaa was swiftly dressed up as Parvathy and the scene was shot in Sri Shaila Mahatme.<ref name="Khajane">{{cite news|last1=Khajane|first1=Muralidhara|title=Those Kannada days...|url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Those-Kannada-days.../article16776901.ece|access-date=9 December 2016|work=The Hindu|date=8 December 2016}}</ref>

She played Lord [[Krishna]] in a three-minute dance sequence held on stage in the [[Hindi film]] [[Man-Mauji]] (1962) and danced with [[Kumari Naaz]] who played Radha. [[Y. G. Parthasarathy]] ran the drama troupe ''United Amateur Artistes'' (UAA), which staged English and Tamil plays. Soon Jayalalithaa while a schoolgirl began acting in some plays of Parthasarathy along with her mother and aunt. She acted in small roles in plays such as Tea House of the August Moon and ''Undersecretary'' between 1960 and 1964.

Shankar Giri, the son of the former [[President of India|Indian President]] [[V. V. Giri]], saw her small role in the English play ''Tea Houses of August Moon'' and was impressed. Shankar Giri approached her mother Sandhya and told he wanted to cast her daughter in an English film called ''The Epistle''. Sandhya reluctantly agreed with the condition that shooting should be held only during weekends or school holidays.<ref name="BS">{{cite news|title=People's CM Jayalalithaa, an enigma in life and in death|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/people-s-cm-jayalalithaa-an-enigma-in-life-and-in-death-116120600127_1.html|access-date=9 December 2016|work=[[Business Standard]]|date=6 December 2016}}</ref>

Sandhya had acted in the 1964 Tamil film ''[[Karnan (1964 film)|Karnan]]'', produced and directed by Kannada film-maker [[B. R. Panthulu]]. Jayalalithaa accompanied her mother to a party related to the film and was spotted by Panthulu, who then decided to cast her opposite [[Kalyan Kumar]] in the Kannada movie ''[[Chinnada Gombe]]''. He promised to finish all shooting within two months in order not to interfere with her education. Since Jayalalithaa would be studying for her PUC in two months' time, Sandhya had declined the offer initially.<ref name=hans1>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/National/2016-12-06/A-super-star-in-reel--real-life/267246|title=A super star in reel & real life|work=[[The Hans India]]|date=6 December 2016|access-date=11 December 2016}}</ref> Sandhya agreed when that promise was made and Jayalalithaa started acting and she was paid {{INRConvert|3|k|year=1967}}. Panthulu kept his promise and completed shooting in six weeks. Jayalalithaa had forgotten all about films after acting in her Kannada debut film and had got ready to attend classes at [[Stella Maris College, Chennai|Stella Maris]] as she had the ambition to be a [[lawyer]]. But the Kannada debut film became a [[Blockbuster (entertainment)|blockbuster]] in 1964 and she became a well-known face.

Meanwhile, Jayalalithaa continued acting in Parthasarathy's plays. She played the leading role in plays such as ''Malathi'', ''The Whole Truth'', and the dance drama ''Kaveri Thanda Kalaiselvi'' between 1960 and 1966. She made her debut as the lead actress in [[Kannada]] films while still in school, age 15, in ''[[Chinnada Gombe]]'' (1964).<ref name=hans1/> She also appeared in a dance sequence of a song named "Malligeya Hoovinantha" in the movie ''[[Amarashilpi Jakanachari (film)|Amarashilpi Jakanachari]]'' (1964).<ref name="outlook20110321"/>

She made her debut in Tamil theatre in April 1964, when she played a sales girl in the drama named ''Undersecretary''. Parthasarathy and Sandhya were the lead characters, while Jayalalitha and [[Cho Ramaswamy]] were paired together and [[A. R. Srinivasan]] was also involved. The play was based on the lives of middle aged couple and Jayalaithaa played character of sales girl in the drama. Her performance caused Parthasarathy to make her lead heroine in a drama named ''Malathy''. Meanwhile, the films she had shot during her vacation in April–May 1964—''Chinnada Gombe'' and ''[[Manushulu Mamathalu]]''—became blockbusters. By end of 1965, she had become popular among film producers and directors.<ref name=hans1/> She was approached by [[C. V. Sridhar]] for her Tamil film debut as well. Between 1964 and 1966 she did around 35 shows of drama named ''Malathy'' and later discontinued as she became very busy in films.<ref name="BS"/> It was during the year 1964, financial debts had increased of Sandhya and she suggested her daughter make use of the increasing film offers to come her way.<ref name="10 Lesser Known Facts"/>

Jayalalithaa's debut in Tamil cinema was the leading role in ''[[Vennira Aadai]]'' (1965), directed by [[C. V. Sridhar]].<ref name="sp"/> She made her debut in Telugu films as lead actress in ''Manushulu Mamathalu'' opposite Akkineni Nageswara Rao. Her last Telugu release was also opposite [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] in the film ''[[Nayakudu Vinayakudu]]'', which was released in 1980.<ref>{{cite web|title = Did You Know?|url = http://www.telugucinema.com/Did-You-Know|website = telugucinema.com|access-date=17 October 2015|date = 20 September 2015}}</ref> She was the first heroine to appear in [[skirt]]s in Tamil films.<ref name="iron lady">{{cite web|last=Nadar|first=Ganesh|title=J Jayalalithaa: The Iron Lady |url=http://www.rediff.com/election/2004/may/06espec1.htm |work=Rediff|date=6 May 2004|access-date=3 September 2011}}</ref> She acted in one Hindi film called ''[[Izzat (1968 film)|Izzat]]'', with [[Dharmendra]] as her male costar in 1968.<ref name="NDTV"/> She starred in 28 box-office hit films with M.G. Ramachandran between 1965 and 1973.<ref>{{cite web|title = Who is J Jayalalithaa?|url = http://www.ndtv.com/people/who-is-j-jayalalithaa-483055|website = NDTV.com|access-date=17 October 2015}}</ref> The first with [[M. G. Ramachandran|MGR]] was B.R. Panthalu's ''[[Aayirathil Oruvan (1965 film)|Aayirathil Oruvan]]'' in 1965 and their last film together was ''[[Pattikaattu Ponnaiya]]'' in 1973.<ref>{{cite web|last=Rangan|first=Baradwaj|author-link=Baradwaj Rangan|title=Off-screen deity, on-screen goddess|url=https://baradwajrangan.wordpress.com/2016/12/08/off-screen-deity-on-screen-goddess/|website=baradwajrangan.wordpress.com|access-date=9 December 2016|date=8 December 2016}}</ref>

Jayalalithaa donated gold jewelleries she had to the then [[Prime Minister of India|Indian Prime Minister]] [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/no-bharat-ratna-for-jayalalithaa-madras-high-court-dismisses-pil-to-confer-late-cm-with-honour-3191124.html |title=No Bharat Ratna for Jayalalithaa? Madras High Court dismisses PIL to confer late CM with honour |work=Firstpost |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref>

She had 11 successful releases in Tamil in 1966. In the opening credits of ''[[Arasa Kattalai]]'', for the first time her name was affixed with the phrase Kavarchi Kanni.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/arasa-kattalai-1967/article8514320.ece|title=Arasa Kattalai (1967)|date=24 April 2016|newspaper=The Hindu|last1=Guy|first1=Randor}}</ref> In 1967 she bought her bungalow, Veda Nilayam, in Poes Gardens for {{INRConvert|1.32|l|year=1967}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timesnow.tv/articleshow/msid-4488180,prtpage-1.cms|title=Jaya assets worth Rs 113.73 cr, Rs 3.40 cr less than in 2015|work=Times Now|access-date=8 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604142232/http://www.timesnow.tv/articleshow/msid-4488180,prtpage-1.cms|archive-date=4 June 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[Sandow M. M. A. Chinnappa Thevar]] was on the lookout for a regular heroine for his production after he had fight with the actress [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] after the release of ''Vetaikkaran'', and he signed Jayalalithaa on in 1965. She became a regular heroine for production house Devar films from 1966.<ref>{{cite news |first=Samiksha |last=Panda |url=http://scrolltoday.com/end-inspiration-jayalalithaa-jayaraman/ |title=The End of an Inspiration : Jayalalithaa Jayaraman |work=Scroll Today |access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref>

[[Jaishankar]] was romantically paired with Jayalalithaa in eight Tamil films including ''[[Muthu Chippi]]'', ''[[Yaar Nee?]]'', ''[[Nee!]]'', ''[[Vairam]]'', ''[[Vandhale Magarasi]]'', ''[[Bommalattam (1968 film)|Bommalattam]]'' (1968), ''[[Raja Veetu Pillai]]'' and ''[[Avalukku Aayiram Kangal]]'', whereas the films ''[[Thanga Gopuram]]'' and ''[[Gowri Kalyanam]]'' had him play elder brother to her.

Jayalalithaa acted in twelve films as heroine opposite [[N. T. Rama Rao]], in Telugu—''[[Gopaludu Bhoopaludu]]'' (1967), ''[[Chikkadu Dorakadu (1967 film)|Chikkadu Dorakadu]]'' (1967), ''[[Tikka Sankaraiah]]'' (1968), ''[[Niluvu Dopidi]]'' (1968), ''[[Baghdad Gaja Donga]]'' (1968), ''[[Kathanayakudu (1969 film)|Kathanayakudu]]'' (1969), ''[[Kadaladu Vadaladu]]'' (1969), ''[[Gandikota Rahasyam]]'' (1969), ''[[Ali Baba 40 Dongalu]]'' (1970), ''[[Sri Krishna Vijayamu]]'' (1970), ''[[Sri Krishna Satya]]'' (1972), and ''[[Devudu Chesina Manushulu]]'' (1973). Jayalalitha had eight films with [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] in Telugu—''[[Manushulu Mamathalu]]'' (1965), ''[[Aastiparulu]]'' (1966), ''[[Brahmachari (1968 Telugu film)|Brahmachari]]'' (1968), ''[[Aadarsa Kutumbam]]'' (1969), ''[[Adrushtavanthulu]]'' (1969), ''[[Bharya Biddalu]]'' (1972), ''[[Premalu Pellillu]]'' (1974) and ''[[Nayakudu Vinayakudu]]'' (1980).

She also made a guest appearance in Telugu film ''[[Navaratri (1966 film)|Navarthi]]'' (1966). Her films in Telugu also included two with [[Krishna (Telugu actor)|Krishna]] and one each with [[Sobhan Babu]], [[Jaggayya]], [[Ramakrishna (Telugu actor)|Ramakrishna]] and [[Haranath (actor)|Haranath]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/Jayalalithaa%E2%80%99s-tryst-with-Telugu-films/article16765354.ece |title=Jayalalithaa's tryst with Telugu films |newspaper=The Hindu |access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref> She was given on-screen credit as Kalai Selvi in most of her Tamil films since 1967.<ref name="hans1"/>

=== Later career ===
{| class="infobox" style="width: 25em; text-align: left; font-size: 70%; vertical-align: middle;"
|+ '''List of Best Actress awards for J. Jayalalithaa '''
|-
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |
|- style="background:#d9e8ff; text-align:center;"
!style="vertical-align: middle;"| Award
| style="background:#cec; font-size:8pt; width:60px;"| Wins
|- style="background:#eef;"
| style="text-align:center;"|
;[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actress]]
|{{won|5}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/specials/2016/dec/06/the-life-and-times-of-tamil-nadus-six-time-woman-chief-minister-1546011.html |title=The life and times of Tamil Nadu's six-time woman Chief Minister |newspaper=The New Indian Express |access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref>
|- style="background:#eef;"
| style="text-align:center;"|
;Tamil Nadu Cinema Fan Award for Best Actress
|{{won|8}}<ref name="Toi234"/>
|- style="background:#eef;"
| style="text-align:center;"|
;[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil]]
|{{won|2}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.dailyhunt.in/news/india/english/deccan+chronicle-epaper-deccanch/j+jayalalithaa+the+superstar-newsid-61061490 |title=J Jayalalithaa: The Superstar |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=24 February 1948 |access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref>
|- style="background:#eef;"
| style="text-align:center;"|
;[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu]]
|{{won|1}}<ref name="Toi234">[[#The Times of India directory and year book including who's who|The Times of India directory and year book including who's who]], p 234</ref>
|- style="background:#eef;"
| style="text-align:center;"|
;Russian Film festival
|{{won|1}}<ref name="Toi234"/>
|- style="background:#eef;"
| style="text-align:center;"|
;Madras Film Association Awards for Best Actress
|{{won|7}}<ref name="Collections394">[[#Collections|Collections]], p 394</ref>
|}

Between 1965 and 1973, Jayalalithaa starred opposite [[M. G. Ramachandran]] in a number of successful films, including ''[[Aayirathil Oruvan (1965 film)|Aayirathil Oruvan]]'', ''[[Kavalkaran]]'', ''[[Adimai Penn]]'', ''[[Engal Thangam]]'', ''[[Kudiyirundha Koyil]]'', ''[[Ragasiya Police 115]]'' and ''[[Nam Naadu (1969 film)|Nam Naadu]]''.<ref name="NDTV"/><ref name="Ramaswamy">[[#Ramaswamy|Ramaswamy 2007]], p. 101</ref> [[Cho Ramaswamy]] cast her in the lead role in his directorial venture ''[[Yarrukkum Vetkam Illai]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/A-life-in-song/article16768634.ece|title=A life in song|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=8 December 2016}}</ref>

She acted with [[Ravichandran (Tamil actor)|Ravichandran]] in ten films—''Gowri Kalyanam ''(1966), ''[[Kumari Penn]]'' (1966), ''[[Naan]]'' (1967), ''[[Magaraasi|Magarasi]]'' (1967), ''[[Maadi Veettu Mappilai]]'' (1967), ''[[Panakkara Pillai]]'' (1968), ''[[Moondru Yezhuthu]]'' (1968), ''[[Andru Kanda Mugam]]'' (1968), ''[[Avalukku Aayiram Kangal]]'' and ''[[Baghdad Perazhagi]]'' (1974).<ref name="hans1"/> In 1972, she acted opposite [[Sivaji Ganesan]] in ''[[Pattikada Pattanama]]'', which went on to win the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil]] in 1973.

In 1973, she acted in ''[[Sri Krishna Satya]]'', which won her the Filmfare Award for Best Actress in Telugu.<ref name="TOI1984">[[#TOI|TOI 1984]], p. 305</ref> Her other films with Sivaji Ganesan include ''[[Galatta Kalyanam]]'' and ''[[Deiva Magan (1969 film)|Deiva Magan]]''; the latter holds the distinction of being the first Tamil film to be submitted by India for an [[List of Indian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a6IsAAAAMAAJ |last=R.L|first=Hardgrave|title=Essays in the political sociology of South India|year=1979|publisher=Usha|page=120|isbn=9780836406054|access-date=9 December 2016}}</ref>

Jayalalithaa was paired opposite [[Sivaji Ganesan]] in 17 films. She acted in six films with [[R. Muthuraman]] as a romantic leading pair—''[[Dhikku Theriyadha Kaattil]]'', ''[[Thirumangalyam]]'', ''[[Kanavan Manaivi]]'', ''[[Avandhan Manidhan]]'', ''[[Suryagandhi]]'', ''[[Anbu Thangai]]''<ref name="hans1"/> and Muthuraman played supporting roles in ''[[Kannan En Kadhalan]]'', ''[[Major Chandrakanth (1966 film)|Major Chandrakanth]]'', ''[[Naan (1967 film)|Naan]]'', ''[[En Annan]]'', [[Adi Parashakti]], ''[[Thaer Thiruvizha]]'', ''[[Dharmam Engey]]'', ''[[Chitra Pournami (film)|Chitra Pournami]]'' and ''[[Oru Thaai Makkal]]''. She made her debut in Malayalam with ''[[Jesus (1973 film)|Jesus]]'' (1973).<ref>{{Cite news|title=Jesus: 1973|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/old-is-gold-jesus-1973/article7043457.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|date=29 March 2015|access-date=22 February 2016|issn=0971-751X|language=en-IN}}</ref> Her 100th film was ''[[Thirumangalyam]]'' (1974), directed by [[A. Vincent]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/cinematographer-director-a-vincent-passes-away-115022500852_1.html|title=Director Vincent passes away|newspaper=Business Standard|access-date=1 February 2016}}</ref>

She was romantically paired opposite [[Sivakumar]] in ''[[Kandan Karunai]]'' and ''[[Sri Krishna Leela (1977 film)|Sri Krishna Leela]]''. Sivakumar played supporting roles in Shakti Leelai, Yarrukum Vetkam Ilali, [[Thirumangalyam]], Annaivelakanni, Kavalkaran, Motoram Sunderapillai and Ganga Gowri.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=174&catName=MTk2OA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029184625/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=174&catName=MTk2OA|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 October 2013|website=Box Office India|title=Box office report of 1968|access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref>

The heroes of her films never objected to the title of the film being conferred on the female lead played by Jayalalithaa. ''[[Adimai Penn]]'', ''[[Kanni Thaai]]'', and ''[[Kannan En Kadhalan]]'' had Ramachandran as the lead male hero but the story and the title was built around the character played by Jayalalithaa. Similarly, ''Engerindo Vandhaal'', ''[[Sumathi En Sundari]]'', [[Paadhukaappu]] and ''[[Anbai Thedi]]'' had Sivaji Ganeshan as the male lead but the title and the story was built around her character. She did many female-centric films where the story revolved on her character, such as ''Vennira Adai'', ''[[Yaar Nee? (film)|Yaar Nee?]]'', ''[[Kumari Penn]]'', ''[[Nee (film)|Nee]]'', ''[[Gowri Kalyanam]], [[Magaraasi]], [[Muthu Chippi]], [[Thanga Gopuram]], [[Avalukku Ayiram Kangal]], [[Annamitta Kai]], [[Vandhaale Magaraasi]], [[Suryagandhi]], [[Thirumangalyam]], [[Yarukkum Vetkam Illai]]'', and ''[[Kanavan Manaivi]]''.

She received the title "Nadippuku Ilakkium Vahuthavar" from then [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu|Chief Minister]] [[M. Karunanidhi|Karunanidhi]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/tamil-nadu/history-j-jayalalithaa-from-mysore-to-chennai-290110 |title=வரலாறு: ஜெ. ஜெயலலிதா மைசூர் முதல் சென்னை வரை! |work=zeenews |date=6 December 2016|language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/jayalalitha-biography-tamil-248513.html |title=அதிமுக கொ.ப.செ... பொதுச்செயலாளர்... தமிழக முதல்வர்... ஜெ. அரசியல் பயணம்|work=oneindia tamil |date=9 March 2016|language=ta}}</ref> and also won Tamil Nadu Cinema Fan Award for Best Actress for her 100th film ''[[Thirumangalyam]]'' in 1974.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/international/india/jayalalithaa-from-film-star-to-chief-minister-of-tamil-nadu|title=Remembering Jayalalithaa: From film star to Tamil Nadu CM |newspaper=Khaleej Times|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref> Her last film in Tamil was ''[[Nadhiyai Thedi Vandha Kadal]]'' (1980).<ref name="NDTV">{{cite news|title=Who is J Jayalalithaa?|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/people/who-is-j-jayalalithaa-211841|publisher=NDTV|location=Chennai|date=17 May 2012|access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> Her last film as the heroine was ''[[Nayakudu Vinayakudu]]'' in Telugu,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/revisiting-top-10-movies-j-jayalalithaa-706973 |title=Revisiting the top 10 movies of J Jayalalithaa |work=IBTimes |date=6 December 2016 |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> which became the highest grosser of the year in Telugu.

Her successful Kannada films include ''[[Badukuva Daari]]'' (1966), ''[[Mavana Magalu]]'' (1965), ''[[Nanna Kartavya]]'' (1965), ''[[Chinnada Gombe]]'' (1964) and ''[[Mane Aliya]]'' (1964). Jayalalithaa holds the record for having been the Tamil actress with maximum silver jubilee hits in her career—85 hits of 92 Tamil films as main female lead heroine and she also has all 28 films in Telugu as silver jubilee hits.<ref name="10 Lesser Known Facts">[http://m.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/slideshow/10-lesser-known-facts-about-our-leaders-jayalalitha/index.html], behindwoods.com; accessed 23 May 2016.</ref> She was the highest-paid Indian actress from 1965 to 1980. She made guest appearances in nine films and six of her films were dubbed into Hindi. She had 119 box office hits between 1961 and 1980, of the total 125 films she did as the main female lead. She made a brief appearance in 1992's ''[[Neenga Nalla Irukkanum]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/jayalalitha-makes-brief-appearance-in-neenga-nalla-irukkanum-movie-bombs-at-box-office/1/308343.html|title=Jayalalithaa's brief appearance in Neenga nalla irukanum|magazine=India Today|access-date=1 February 2016}}</ref>

Jayalalithaa won the [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actress]] for ''Thanga Gopuram'' in 1971, ''Raman Thediya Seethai'' in 1972, ''Suryagandhi'' in 1973, ''Thirumangalyam'' in 1974, and ''Yarukkum Vetkam Illai'' in 1975.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/051216/j-jayalalithaa-the-superstar.html|title=J Jayalalithaa: The Superstar|publisher=Deccanchronicle.com|access-date=6 December 2016|date=5 December 2016}}</ref> She acted in mythological films like ''Kandan Karunai'', ''Aadhi Parashakti'', ''Shri Krishna Satya'', ''Shri Krishna Vijayam'', ''Shri Rama Katha'', ''Shri Krishna Leela'', ''Shakti Leelai'', ''Ganga Gowri'', ''[[Annai Velankanni]]'' and [[Jesus (1973 film)|''Jesus'']]. Her period dramas include ''Ayirathil Oruvan'', ''[[Neerum Neruppum]]'', ''[[Mani Magudam]]'', ''Adimai Penn'', ''Ali Baba 40 Dongalu'', ''Arasa Katalai'', and ''Baghdad Perazhagi''.

She acquired the reputation of being a multi-faceted actor equally comfortable in fantasy and mythological genres as well as in modern social dramas<ref>{{cite web|title=Jayalalithaa, the golden girl of Tamil cinema|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/jayalalithaa-the-golden-girl-of-tamil-cinema/story-4btYTbOsQmYwzjJMYRyQ9K.html|website=hindustantimes.com|access-date=23 February 2016|date=27 September 2014}}</ref> and hence in 1969, in Tamil Conference, she was given the tag of "Kaveri Thandha Kalai Selvi".<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/051216/j-jayalalithaa-the-superstar.html|title=J Jayalalithaa: The Superstar|date=6 December 2016|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|access-date=18 December 2016}}</ref>

She, [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] and [[Saroja Devi]] have been cited as the first female superstars of Tamil cinema. She did double roles in eight films.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/remembering-cho-ramaswamy-from-theatre-to-films-a-lodestar-of-lampoon-3144504.html|title=Remembering Cho Ramaswamy: From theatre to films, a lodestar of lampoon|work=Firstpost|date=29 July 2015|access-date=8 December 2016}}</ref>

She received Special Award from Filmfare for her performances in 'Chandhrodhayam', 'Adimai Penn' and 'Engirundho Vandhaal' in the years 1966, 1969 and 1970 as the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil|Filmfare Award for Best Actress]] was introduced only in 1972.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dailyreport.in/j-jayalalithaa-superstar/ |title=J Jayalalithaa: The Superstar |work=Daily Report |date=6 December 2016 |access-date=3 May 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211093529/http://www.dailyreport.in/j-jayalalithaa-superstar/ |archive-date=11 February 2017 }}</ref> Her performance in ''[[Pattikada Pattanama]]'', [[Suryakanthi|''Suryagandhi'']] were critically acclaimed and won her consecutive [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil|Filmfare Award for Best Actress]] in 1972 and 1973, respectively.

From 1968 to 1973, at the peak of her career she took interviews and wrote columns in the magazines like ''Bommai''. She wrote a column-"Ennangal Sila" in magazine ''[[Thuglak]]'' in the 1970s. She also wrote a short story, "Oravin Kaidhigal", for the magazine ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'', "Manadhai Thotta Malargal" for ''Thaai'' magazine in the early 1980s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nbg2eX-M320|title=TN CM Jayalalithaa service as a Journalist in Private News paper|publisher=YouTube|access-date=8 December 2016}}</ref> She wrote about her own life in a serialised memoir in the Tamil weekly magazine ''[[Kumudam]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/jayalalithaa-wrote-of-pining-for-mother-blowing-away-sivaji-ganesan-1634946|title=Jayalalithaa Wrote Of Pining For Mother, Blowing Away Sivaji Ganesan|publisher=Ndtv.com|access-date=8 December 2016}}</ref>

In 1980, she decided to voluntarily decline any new film offers. The journalist Brian Laul wrote an article specifying Jayalalithaa was trying for a comeback but was not being offered any roles. Jayalalithaa chose to respond to him by writing a letter, in which she mentioned that she was not struggling to make any comeback and that she turned down the offer from producer [[K. Balaji|Balaji]] to star in ''[[Billa (1980 film)|Billa]]'' (1980) alongside [[Rajinikanth]]. She added she wanted to pursue other interests and was not interested in pursuing her film career any further.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-in-india/this-letter-sent-by-jayalalithaa-to-a-journalist-in-1980-shows-just-how-classy-she-was-4413621|title=This letter sent by Jayalalithaa to a journalist in 1980 shows just how classy she was |work=The Indian Express|date=10 June 1980 |access-date=8 December 2016}}</ref>

Her closest friends from film industry included [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Manorama-called-me-Ammu-Jayalalithaa-says/articleshow/49311504.cms |title=Manorama called me Ammu, Jayalalithaa says |work=The Times of India |date=11 October 2015 |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> [[Cho Ramaswamy]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Cho-Ramaswamy-a-long-time-friend-but-vocal-critic-of-Jayalalithaa/article16771674.ece |title=Cho Ramaswamy: a long-time friend but vocal critic of Jayalalithaa |work=The Hindu |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> [[Rajasree]], [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]], [[B. Saroja Devi|Saroja Devi]], [[Sachu|Kumari Sachu]], [[Anjali Devi]], [[Sowcar Janaki]], [[Sukumari]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://teluguglobal.in/jayalalithas-lunch-with-her-yester-year-film-stars-in-2012/ |title=Jayalalithaa's lunch with her yester year film stars in 2012 |publisher=Teluguglobal.in |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> [[Ravichandran (Tamil actor)|Ravichandran]], [[R. Muthuraman]], [[Nagesh]], [[M. N. Nambiar]], [[Vennira Aadai Nirmala]], [[S. A. Asokan]], [[Jaishankar]], [[V. K. Ramasamy (actor)|V.K.Ramaswamy]], [[Major Sundarrajan]], [[P.Susheela]], [[Sheela]], [[M. S. Viswanathan]], [[L. R. Eswari]], [[R.S.Manohar]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0412883/quotes |title=Jayalalitha J – Quotes |publisher=IMDb |access-date=3 May 2017 }}{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

She quoted on M. G. Ramachandran, "He was a very warm and caring kind of a person. And after Mother died, he replaced her in my life. He was everything to me. He was mother, father, brother, friend, philosopher, guide. Everything. He sort of took over my life." In many of her interviews she often said she entered films on being asked by her mother and entered politics on request by M. G. Ramachandran.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2016/dec/06/i-dont-think-anyone-has-taken-more-criticism-than-i-have-jaya-told-simi-garewal-1546016.html |title=I don't think anyone has taken more criticism than I have: Jaya to Simi Garewal |work=The New Indian Express |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref>

== Political career ==
{{main|Political career of Jayalalithaa}}

== Controversies ==
=== Personality cult ===
Followers of Jayalalithaa often worshiped her as a divine being. She stimulated a cult following, and adoring supporters often termed her "[[Adi Parashakti]]" (the eternal mighty goddess).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-37503616|title=Jayalalitha: The 'goddess' of Tamil Nadu politics|last=Tilak|first=Sudha G.|date=5 December 2016|work=BBC News|access-date=7 August 2020|language=en-GB}}</ref> Several experts say that over the years the cult called 'Amma' has been carefully crafted. Others claim that the emotional outburst is just a spontaneous display of loyalist support. C Lakshmanan of the Madras Development Institute studies, who has studied personality cult in the politics of Tamil Nadu, said posters were installed around the state portraying Jayalalithaa as a goddess back then.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/cult-personality-or-cultivated-loyalty-what-explains-outpouring-of-grief-for-the-jailed-jayalalithaa/articleshow/44785277.cms|title=Cult personality or cultivated loyalty: What explains outpouring of grief for the jailed Jayalalithaa?|last=Shanker|first=V. Prem|work=The Economic Times|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref> She was worshiped by the party cadre as "Amma" (Mother). She made sure the respect and loyalty of the functionaries of the party was there for everyone to see. The entire Cabinet would fall in line and bow in front of the helicopter in which it was flying. Members of the party, at all levels never found it difficult to prostrate before her in full view of the public.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/The-enduring-enigma-that-was-Jayalalithaa/article16761203.ece|title=The enduring enigma that was Jayalalithaa|last=Kumar|first=B. Aravind|date=6 December 2016|work=The Hindu|access-date=7 August 2020|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Many of her worshipping followers are known to profess their loyalty through acts such as walking on hot coals or drawing her portrait with their blood.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|date=2009-03-30|title=Profile: Jayaram Jayalalitha|language=en-GB|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4762593.stm|access-date=2021-06-13}}</ref> S Kirubakaran who is a Journalist-turned-advocate, wrote a book on Jayalalitha titled, 'Ammavin Kathai,' said that when MGR was a Chief Minister, he carefully chose MLAs and Ministers for the first time after going through their knowledge and experience. But Jayalalithaa had begun to assign those who praised her.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thefederal.com/states/south/tamil-nadu/3-years-after-jayas-death-aiadmk-seems-out-of-servitude-and-subjugation/|title=3 years after Jaya's death, AIADMK seems out of servitude, subjugation|last=Chandrajit Mitra|date=5 December 2019|website=The Federal|language=en-US|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref> Even after her death, the AIADMK leaders continued to prostrate themselves before her burial ground.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/opinion/for-all-her-political-success-it-s-time-to-admit-jayalalithaa-was-no-amma/story-Mq9FelI5zqxD8z4WljrtbO.html|title=For all her political success, it's time to admit Jayalalithaa was no Amma|date=17 February 2017|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/voices/opinion/opinion-post-jayalalithaa-tamil-nadu-politics-amma-legacy|title=Jayalalithaa's 'Tainted' Legacy and Where AIADMK Goes From Here|last=Sudhir|first=T. S.|date=4 December 2017|website=TheQuint|language=en|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref>

=== 1999 Attempted murder case ===
A case of murder attempt were registered against Jayalalithaa, her close associate Sasikala, and Sasikala's nephew V Mahadivan has been recorded by the Chennai police on following a complaint by former Jayalalithaa's auditor, Rajasekaran, who alleged that he was summoned to the Poes Garden bungalow and violently assaulted by Jayalalithaa, Sassikala and Mahadevan with a stick and high-heeled shoes.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Aravind|first=Indulekha|title=Eulogised in death, Jayalalithaa leaves a checkered legacy|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/jayalalithaa-had-to-combat-ruthless-peer-pressure-all-her-life/articleshow/55914253.cms?from=mdr|access-date=2021-06-13}}</ref> Rajasekaran also stated that he had been forced by Jayalalithaa and Sassikala to sign two letters and a promissory note in respect of ₹50 lakhs. Jayalalithaa, however, denied the charges in a statement.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bearak|first=Barry|date=16 March 1999|title=In the Hands Of India Star, A Spike Heel Could Hurt|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/03/16/world/in-the-hands-of-india-star-a-spike-heel-could-hurt.html|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rediff On The NeT: TN defies Centre in assault case against Jaya|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/1999/mar/20aiadmk.htm|website=www.rediff.com}}</ref>

== Corruption cases ==
=== 1996 colour TV case ===
{{Main|Colour TV case}}
In the [[Colour TV case|colour TV corruption case]] involving the purchase of TV sets to villagers, Jayalalithaa was charged and arrested. The TV sets were provided in the framework of a government education and entertainment plan for the village population. Officials said the TVs were purchased at inflated prices and claimed that some of the money paid for TV stations was returned as kickbacks to government officials.<ref>{{Cite news|last=BSCAL|date=15 May 1998|title=Jaya Charged In Rs 10crore Colour Tv Scam|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/specials/jaya-charged-in-rs-10crore-colour-tv-scam-198051501011_1.html|access-date=3 June 2020}}</ref> Later, she was acquitted as the accusation against them were not proven beyond doubt.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jayalalitha acquitted in colour TV scam|url=http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/20000531/ina31026.html|publisher=The Indian Express|date=21 August 2009|work=Press Trust of India|access-date=9 February 2021|location=Chennai|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140217192259/http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/20000531/ina31026.html|archive-date=17 February 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Detained in 1996, the media reported that 21.28 kg of [[Gold jewellery|gold jewels]] worth Rs 3.5 crore, 10,500 [[sari]]s, 91 [[Luxury watch|designer watches]], 750 pairs of shoes, 1,250 kg of silver objects worth 3.12 crores, diamonds worth 2 crores, a silver sword and 19 vehicles were among the priceless treasures found at her house.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shivashankar|first=BV|title=J Jayalalithaa: Jayalalithaa's 10,500 saris, 750 slippers, 500 wine glasses in court|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/J-Jayalalithaas-seized-wealth-is-under-24-hour-vigil-in-Karnatakas-courts/articleshow/55886301.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

=== 1995 Foster son and luxury wedding corruption ===
In 1995, Jayalalithaa's assistant Sassikala's nephew Sudhakaran was engaged to the youngest daughter of Sivaji Ganesan. Jayalalithaa was a chief minister of state by this time. Jaya declared that Sudhakaran would be adopted as her foster son and said that she would be performing his marriage as his mother.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="tnmfoster">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/once-jayalalithaas-favoured-foster-son-sudhakaran-now-refused-entry-apollo-50968|title=Once Jayalalithaa's favoured foster son, Sudhakaran now refused entry into Apollo|website=thenewsminute.com|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref>

The wedding occupied a 2-km long lighted baraat pathway, ten dining halls each accommodating 25,000 people, and a 75,000 square foot pandal. Tons of plywood, paris plaster and paint were used to erect cut-outs of Jayalalitha, arches, several hundred papier-mache statues, elaborate facades of palaces and gateways. The VIP invitations included a silver plate enclosed in a container, a silk saree and a silk dhoti, each worth ₹20,000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/story/19950930-jayalalithas-foster-son-married-off-amid-extravagance-and-controversy-808220-1995-09-30|title=Jayalalitha's foster son married off amid extravagance and controversy|last=SHEKHAR|first=G. C.|date=30 September 1995|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> The marriage hosted more than 1,000 VIPs. More than 40,000 guests were granted accommodation in the hotel. A legion of elephants and chefs brought in from Kerala.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jayalalithaa-lied-she-spent-3-crores-on-foster-sons-wedding-says-court-674500|title=Jayalalithaa Lied, She Spent 3 Crores on Foster Son's Wedding, Says Court|website=NDTV.com|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref> The incident, hailed as "the mother of all marriages". People's anger mounted against her as the crores were lavished at the wedding, and Jayalalithaa and Sassikala became symbols of corruption. She was accused of using government money to celebrate the grand marriage.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-38441705|title=Sasikala: The 'new mother' of Tamil Nadu politics|date=29 December 2016|work=BBC News|access-date=7 August 2020|language=en-GB}}</ref> The marriage may have triggered the AIADMK to lose all 39 Lok Sabha seats in the [[1996 general election]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Disowned-foster-son-joins-Jaya-in-prison/articleshow/43760402.cms|title=Disowned foster son joins Jaya in prison {{!}} Chennai News – Times of India|last=TNN|date=29 September 2014|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

She was later sentenced for 4 years in jail in 2014 for corruption related to the marriage and the [[Disproportionate assets case against Jayalalithaa|Disproportionate assets case]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/jayalalithaa-sentenced-to-4-years-in-jail-clashes-in-tamil-nadu/story-oVofwzwZZrOVwJNaA97xRP.html|title=Jayalalithaa sentenced to 4 years in jail; clashes in Tamil Nadu|date=27 September 2014|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref>

Jayalalithaa owns a [[Guinness Book of World Records]] for conducting the luxury wedding. The record shows that over 1,50,000 guests have been invited. The Income-Tax Dept estimated the cost of the wedding at ₹10 crore.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nation-world/5-facts-you-didnt-know-about-j-jayalalithaa/guinness-book-of-world-records-for-sons-wedding/slideshow/55815874.cms|title=5 facts you didn't know about J Jayalalithaa – Unknown facts about Amma|website=The Economic Times|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref>

Jayalalithaa later disowned Sudhakaran as her foster son.<ref name="tnmfoster" />

=== 1998 TANSI land deal case ===
{{Main|TANSI land acquisition case}}
The TANSI land deal case refers to the purchase of land by Jaya Publications, which included Jayalalithaa and her friend Sassikala, from the State Small Industry Company, Tansi, [[Guindy]]. Justice P Anbhazhagan delivered the judgment, and said that the evidence stated in the prosecution sheet, and that the sale deed of the prime land in Guindy had been carried out on 29 May 1992, in the unequivocal aim of cheating against the government. The Supreme Court disqualified her in September 2001, resulting in her stepping down and which made [[O Panneerselvam|O. Panneerselvam]] as the chief minister of Tamil Nadu. The Madras High Court acquitted her and other 5 accused in the case of all the charges on 4 December 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|title=23-year-old TANSI case has finally ended for Jayalalithaa: A look back|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/23-year-old-tansi-case-has-finally-ended-jayalalithaa-look-back-21350|access-date=3 June 2020|website=www.thenewsminute.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Subramani|first1=A.|last2=2015|title=23 years on, HC brings curtains down on TANSI case against Jaya|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/23-years-on-HC-brings-curtains-down-on-TANSI-case-against-Jaya/articleshow/46472629.cms|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

=== Disproportionate assets case ===
{{Main|Disproportionate assets case against Jayalalithaa}}Jayalalithaa was initially convicted of misusing her office during her tenure in 1991–1996. [[Subramanian Swamy]] was the main petitioner. Some of the accusations concerned expenditure on her foster son's luxurious marriage in 1996 and acquiring properties worth more than 66.65 crore, as well as jewelry, bank deposits, investment and a convoy of luxury vehicles. The trial lasted for 18 years. Justice [[John Michael D'Cunha]], in a detailed judgement, showed that the entire asset belonged to the accused and no one else.<ref name="FL">{{cite web |title=From trial court verdict by John Michael D'Cunha |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/from-trial-court-verdict-by-john-michael-dcunha/article7247470.ece |website=Frontline |access-date=30 October 2020}}</ref> On 11 May 2015, Jayalalithaa was absolved of all charges by the [[High Court of Karnataka]]. On 14 February 2017, the Supreme Court of India overruled the High Court of Karnataka. Sassikala and the other accused were convicted and sentenced to four years in prison, as well as to a fine of ₹10 crore each.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jayalalithaas-court-appearance-over-heads-back-to-chennai-565662|title=Jayalalithaa's court appearance over, heads back to Chennai|website=NDTV.com|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/sasikalas-conviction-in-wealth-case-upheld-by-supreme-court/articleshow/57140345.cms|title=Sasikala news: Sasikala's conviction in wealth case upheld by Supreme Court {{!}} India News – Times of India|last=Mahapatra|first=Dhananjay|date=14 February 2017|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

=== 2000 Pleasant Stay hotel case ===
{{Main|Pleasant Stay hotel case}}{{See also|2000 Dharmapuri bus burning}}
Pleasant Stay hotel case is the construction of the seven-story hotel "Pleasant stay" in Kodaikanal, which was in breach of the rules for the construction of the seven-story building in a blue ville in the tourist resort town in Kodaikanal. Jayalalithaa, Selvaganapathy and Pandey granted a permission to create a seven-story structure at the hotel. The case was related to Jayalalithaa's supposed clearance by violating government rules to the development of a hotel in [[ecological]]ly significant [[Kodaikanal]]. Jayalalithaa was sentenced in February 2000 to one year's strict imprisonment, with the penalty fined Rs.1000 for conspiracy and criminal misconduct as a public employee. After the court's decision, AIADMK cadres started to riot and arson which burned alive three female students in the [[2000 Dharmapuri bus burning|Dharmapuri bus burning]] and many were killed and injured.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Correspondent|first=Our Special|date=3 February 2000|title=HOTEL CASE VERDICT: AIADMK volunteers go berserk|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-miscellaneous/tp-others/hotel-case-verdict-aiadmk-volunteers-go-berserk/article27999900.ece|access-date=3 June 2020|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The Madras high court later acquitted her on 4 December 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jayalalithaa's blast from the past – convictions and imprisonments|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/jayalalithaa%E2%80%99s-blast-past-%E2%80%93-convictions-and-imprisonments-22478|access-date=3 June 2020|website=www.thenewsminute.com}}</ref>

== Illness, death and reactions ==
[[File:The President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee paying tributes to the mortal remains of Ms. J. Jayalalithaa, in Chennai on December 06, 2016.jpg|thumb|left|The then [[President of India|President]] [[Pranab Mukherjee]] paying tribute to Jayalalithaa in [[Rajaji Hall]]]]
On 22 September 2016, Jayalalithaa was admitted to [[Apollo Hospitals]] in Chennai, as she was suffering from an infection and acute [[dehydration]]. Her official duties were handed over to her aide [[O. Panneerselvam]] on 12 October 2016, though she continued to remain as the chief minister of the state.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/o-panneerselvam-to-hold-tamil-nadu-cm-jayalalithaas-portfolios/articleshow/54799672.cms|title=Panneerselvam to hold CM's portfolios|date=12 October 2016|publisher=Economic time|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref> She was also said to be suffering from a severe pulmonary infection and [[septicaemia]], which were cured. On 4 December 2016, she was re-admitted to the intensive care unit after suffering a cardiac arrest around 16:45.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-38167021 |title=India's Jayaram Jayalalitha still 'critical' after heart attack |newspaper=BBC |date=5 December 2016 |access-date=5 December 2016}}</ref> The hospital released a press statement stating that her condition was "very critical" and that she was on life support.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/jayalalithaas-health-status-live-cm-in-grave-situation-says-apollo-hospitals-md-3139806.html |title=CM in grave situation, says Apollo Hospitals MD |work=Firstpost |date=29 July 2015 |access-date=5 December 2016}}</ref> On 5 December 2016, the hospital announced her death and she became the first female chief minister to die in office in India.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Amma-no-more-Tamil-Nadu-chief-minister-Jayalalithaa-body|title=Jayalalitha passes away|newspaper=Indian Express|date=5 December 2016}}{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

[[Government of India]] declared a one-day [[National day of mourning|national mourning]] with the national flag in all government buildings flying at half-mast.<ref name="jjuabh">{{cite news|last1=Ankita|first1=Bhandari|title=Central govt announces one-day mourning after Jayalalithaa's death|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/tamil-nadu/central-govt-announces-one-day-mourning-after-jayalalithaas-death_1956239.html|access-date=17 December 2016|work=[[Zee News]]|date=6 December 2016|location=New Delhi}}</ref> While a seven-day mourning from 6 to 12 December 2016 was observed by [[Government of Tamil Nadu]],<ref name="natmotn">{{cite news|title=Jayalalithaa death: Centre declares one-day national mourning for Amma, Tricolour to fly at half mast|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/jayalalithaa-dead-centre-declares-one-day-national-mourning-for-amma-4412903/|access-date=17 December 2016|work=[[Indian Express]]|date=6 December 2016|location=New Delhi}}</ref> also three day state mourning from 6 to 8 December 2016 were observed by [[Government of Kerala]]<ref name="jker">{{cite news|title=Three-day official mourning declared in Kerala after Jayalalithaa's demise|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2016/dec/06/three-day-official-mourning-declared-in-kerala-after-jayalalithaas-demise-1546234.html|access-date=17 December 2016|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=6 December 2016|location=[[Thiruvananthapuram]]}}</ref> and the [[Government of Puducherry]].<ref name="jjpy">{{cite news|title=Jayalalithaa death: Pondicherry announces 3-day state mourning|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/jayalalithaa-death-pondicherry-announces-3-day-state-mourning-4413260/|access-date=17 December 2016|work=[[Indian Express]]|date=7 December 2016|location=[[Pondicherry|Puducherry]]}}</ref> One day state mourning on 6 December 2016 was observed by [[Government of Karnataka]],<ref name="jjka">{{cite news|title=Jayalalithaa death: Karnataka declares a day of mourning|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/jayalalithaa-death-karnataka-declares-a-day-of-mourning-4413070/|access-date=17 December 2016|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=6 December 2016|location=[[Bengaluru]]}}</ref>[[Government of Bihar]],<ref name="jjbih">{{cite news|title=All of Bihar is mourning Jayalalithaa's demise: Nitish Kumar|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/jayalalithaa-tamil-nadu-bihar-jayalalithaa-death-4413207/|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=6 December 2016|location=[[Patna]]}}</ref>[[Government of West Bengal]],<ref name="jjwb">{{cite news|title=West Bengal declares state mourning on Jayalalithaa's death |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/West-Bengal-declares-state-mourning-on-Jayalalithaas-death/articleshow/55842062.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=6 December 2016|location=[[Kolkata]]}}</ref>[[Government of Punjab, India|Government of Punjab]]<ref name="jjpunj">{{cite news|title=One day's state mourning in Punjab on Jayalalithaa's|url=http://www.uniindia.com/one-day-s-state-mourning-in-punjab-on-jayalalithaa-s/states/news/709156.html|access-date=17 December 2016|work=[[United News of India]]|date=6 December 2016}}</ref> and [[Government of Goa]].<ref name="jjgoa">{{cite news|title=Goa govt mourns death of Jayalalithaa|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/state-govt-mourns-death-of-jayalalithaa/articleshow/55846817.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=7 December 2016|location=[[Panaji]]}}</ref> Her body was kept [[in state]] at her residence Veda Nilayam in Poes Garden and later at [[Rajaji Hall]] for public to pay their tribute. Her last rites were performed on the evening of 6 December 2016 and she was [[Burial|buried]] at the northern end of the [[Marina Beach]] in Chennai in a sandalwood casket engraved with "Puratchi Thalaivi Selvi J Jayalalithaa", near the grave of her mentor [[M. G. Ramachandran]] at the [[MGR Memorial]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/pm-narendra-modi-to-visit-chennai-to-pay-homage-to-jayalalithaa-10-points-1634456?pfrom=home-lateststories|title=Jayalalithaa To Be Buried In Sandalwood Casket Next To Mentor MGR|work=[[NDTV]]|date=6 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Tamil-Nadu-chief-minister-Jayalalithaa-laid-to-rest/articleshow/55837086.cms |title=Jayalalitha last rites: Amma's Death: Jayalalithaa buried with full state honours |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |access-date=8 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/jayalalithaa-s-achievements-were-discussed-by-manmohan-pranab/story-fQTxbUqbNAFKnxWmaIRWwJ_amp.html |title=Jayalalithaa's achievements were discussed by Manmohan, Pranab |access-date=12 February 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170122191824/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/jayalalithaa-s-achievements-were-discussed-by-manmohan-pranab/story-fQTxbUqbNAFKnxWmaIRWwJ_amp.html |archive-date=22 January 2017 }}</ref>

Dispelling rumours surrounding Jayalalithaa's death, Dr. Richard Beale, the consultant intensivist from the [[London Bridge Hospital]], said the former Tamil Nadu chief minister was critically ill and acute sepsis led to her death.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/doctors-treating-jayalalithaa-reveal-details-here-are-10-major-points/articleshow/56999011.cms|title=UK doctor reveals details behind Jaya's death 'mystery': Major points from his press conference in TN|date=6 February 2017|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref>

In September 2017, [[C. Sreenivaasan]] of AIADMK courted controversy by saying that V. K. Sasikala's family was responsible for Jayalalithaa's death. Sreenivasan said that he had to lie about the late chief minister's death because of pressure.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/jayalalithaa-maa-death-sreenivasan-dhinakaran-apollo-hospital-1050830-2017-09-23|title=How did J Jayalalithaa die? A year later, AIADMK leader says was forced to lie about Amma's death|website=India Today}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
In [[Mani Ratnam]]'s political drama ''[[Iruvar]]'' (1997), the character of Kalpana portrayed by [[Aishwarya Rai]], was inspired by Jayalalithaa and her professional and personal relationship with [[M. G. Ramachandran]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2016/dec/07/how-mani-ratnams-iruvar-put-the-spotlight-on-jaya-1546363.html|title=How Mani Ratnam's Iruvar put the spotlight on Jaya|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/071216/throwback-when-aishwarya-rai-bachchan-played-jayalalithaa-on-the-big-screen.html|title=Throwback: When Aishwarya played Jayalalithaa on the big-screen|date=7 December 2016|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/2016/12/06/aishwarya-rai-played-jayalalithaa-iruvar-mani-ratnam-mgr-mohanlal-karunanidhi-tamil-film-prakash-raj|title=Aishwarya Rai as Jayalalithaa: When the Big Screen Proved Small|website=The Quint|date=6 December 2016}}</ref> [[Faisal Saif]] completed work on major portions of a film titled ''[[Amma (2018 film)|Amma]]'' between 2014 and 2016, but was forced to shelve it following threats from members of Jayalalithaa's political party. The makers denied that the film was a biopic, but stated that actress [[Ragini Dwivedi]] portrayed a role resembling the politician.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/jayalalithaa-reel-and-real-life-inspires-amma-208217-2014-10-01|title=Jayalalithaa's reel and real life inspires Amma|first1=Aravind Gowda|last1=October 1|first2=2014UPDATED|last2=October 1|first3=2014 12:31|last3=Ist|website=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/260618/political-biopics-face-threats-cuts.html|title=Why Jayalalithaa biopic was shelved, ones on Indira Gandhi, Shastri remain uncertain|first=Uma|last=Ramasubramanian|date=26 June 2018|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>

Since Jayalalithaa's death, several filmmakers have announced biopics on the politician, with six currently in production. In January 2017, Telugu filmmaker [[Dasari Narayana Rao]] registered the title ''Amma'' and began preparing for a biopic on the politician. The film was being planned with [[Anushka Shetty]] in the lead role, but Rao's death in May 2017 effectively ended the project, despite indications that [[Mohan Babu]] may revive it.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/amma-jayalalithaa-biopic-dasari-narayana-rao-ramya-krishnan-952959-2017-01-03|title=Jayalalithaa's life on film: Dasari Narayana Rao to direct biopic?|agency=Ist|newspaper=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/dasari-had-planned-jayalalithaa-biopic-with-anushka-shetty/story-AfNc34kCGEnFkzSwSDC2eN.html|title=Dasari Narayana Rao had planned Jayalalithaa biopic with Anushka Shetty|date=31 May 2017|website=www.hindustantimes.com}}</ref> Producer Adithya Bharadwaj announced that his team were over a year into pre-production work for a proposed biopic of Jayalalithaa, during December 2017. Titled ''Thaai: Puratchi Thalaivi'', he revealed that it would predominantly be a fictionalised retelling of her story with some real life footage also included. Bharadwaj suggested that he had briefly touched upon the possibility of a biopic with Jayalalithaa when she was alive, but the script had to be reworked following her death. Despite his suggestions that the film would begin production in January 2018, the project did not take off.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/a-biopic-on-j-jayalalithaa/articleshow/62253802.cms|title=A biopic on J Jayalalithaa |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://scroll.in/reel/863002/jayalalithaa-biopic-in-the-works-titled-thaai-puratchi-thalaivi|title=Jayalalithaa biopic in the works, titled 'Thaai: Puratchi Thalaivi'|work=Scroll.in}}</ref> Soon after news emerged about Vijay's and Priyadarshini's biopics in August 2018, Adithya reconfirmed that [[Bharathiraja]] had been signed to be the director of the film. He added that the team were considering either Aishwarya Rai or Anushka Shetty for the role of Jayalalithaa, and either [[Kamal Haasan]] or [[Mohanlal]] for the role of M. G. Ramachandran.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/bharathirajaa-to-direct-a-biopic-on-j-jayalalithaa-1318856-2018-08-20|title=Three Jayalalithaa biopics in a week: Bharathirajaa wants Aishwarya as Amma?|agency=Ist|newspaper=India Today}}</ref>

In August 2018, producer Vishnu Vardhan Induri of Vibri Media announced that he was working on a biopic of Jayalalithaa, and that [[A. L. Vijay]] would direct the project.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/jayalalithaa-biopic-announced-with-al-vijay-as-director-details-here-1315657-2018-08-16|title=Jayalalithaa biopic announced with AL Vijay as director. Details here|agency=Ist|newspaper=India Today}}</ref> The team announced that pre-production work and research was ongoing and that the film would focus on the personal life of the politician, showing her vulnerable side. Actresses including [[Nayanthara]] and [[Vidya Balan]] were initially approached by Vijay to star in the lead role, while [[Sai Pallavi]] was considered for the supporting role of [[V. K. Sasikala]]. Titled ''[[Thalaivi]]'' (2021), the film began its shoot after a long pre-production phase in November 2019 with [[Kangana Ranaut]] signed to play the lead role.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://silverscreen.in/news/sai-pallavi-may-play-sasikala-in-al-vijays-jayalalithaa-biopic/|title=Sai Pallavi May Play Sasikala In AL Vijay's Jayalalithaa Biopic|first1=Rajeshwari|last1=Manik|first2=an On|last2=December 28|last3=2018|date=28 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/anushka-shetty-aishwarya-rai-vidya-balan-in-talks-to-play-jayalalithaa-in-upcoming-biopic-all-you-need-to-know-5046851.html|title=Anushka Shetty, Aishwarya Rai, Vidya Balan in talks to play Jayalalithaa in upcoming biopic: All you need to know- Entertainment News, Firstpost|date=26 August 2018|website=Firstpost}}</ref><ref name="vijay">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/one-more-biopic-planned-on-former-cm-jayalalithaa/article24710436.ece|title=One more biopic planned on former CM Jayalalithaa|first=Udhav|last=Naig|date=17 August 2018|via=www.thehindu.com|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> Within a day of Induri's announcement of making a film, director Priyadarshini announced that she had also been working for four months on the pre-production of a biopic, which would be launched in September 2018. Priyadarshini suggested that she had four scripts ready, with each focusing on different aspects of Jayalalithaa's life, and that the narration would be balanced by showing both her positive and negative sides.<ref name="vijay"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/another-biopic-on-jayalalithaa-announced-1316129-2018-08-16|title=Another biopic on Jayalalithaa announced!|agency=Ist|newspaper=India Today}}</ref> Titled ''The Iron Lady'', [[Nithya Menen]] was signed on to play the lead role, while [[Aishwarya Rajesh]] and [[Varalaxmi Sarathkumar]] were in talks for a supporting role for the character of Sasikala.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/nithya-menen-on-her-signing-spree-working-with-mysskin-in-psycho-and-playing-jayalalitha-in-priyadarshinis-biopic-5570381.html|title=Nithya Menen on her signing spree, working with Mysskin in Psycho and playing Jayalalitha in Priyadarshini's biopic- Entertainment News, Firstpost|date=18 November 2018|website=Firstpost}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://origin-www.sify.com/movies/the-iron-lady-nithya-menen-as-jayalalithaa-varalakshmi-to-play-sasikala-news-tamil-sjwkTsdjjgajj.html|title=The Iron Lady: Nithya Menen as Jayalalithaa, Varalakshmi to play Sasikala?|website=Sify}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://silverscreen.in/news/the-iron-lady-biopic-on-jayalalithaa-to-go-on-floors-february-2019/|title='The Iron Lady' Biopic On Jayalalithaa To Go On Floors February 2019|first1=Rajeshwari|last1=Manik|first2=an On|last2=October 31|last3=2018|date=31 October 2018}}</ref>

Another biopic to be shot as a web-series by [[Gautham Menon]] became the fourth such announcement of a related project in August 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/filmmaker-gautham-menon-to-helm-a-web-series-on-jayalalithaa/19753196|title=Filmmaker Gautham Menon to helm a web series on Jayalalithaa|date=30 August 2018|website=mid-day}}</ref> Production on the series progressed quietly throughout late 2018, with [[Ramya Krishnan]] selected to play Jayalalithaa, and [[Indrajith Sukumaran|Indrajith]] and [[Vamsi Krishna]] portraying M. G. Ramchandran and [[Sobhan Babu]] respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://origin-www.sify.com/movies/gautham-menon-silently-directing-jayalalithaa-biopic-news-tamil-smwlkKhchgfgh.html|title=Gautham Menon silently directing Jayalalithaa biopic!|website=Sify}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://silverscreen.in/news/gautham-menon-to-direct-a-tv-series-on-j-jayalalithaa/|title=Gautham Menon To Direct A TV Series On J Jayalalithaa|first1=Rajeshwari|last1=Manik|first2=an On|last2=December 22|last3=2018|date=22 December 2018}}</ref> In October 2018, Sasikala's nephew Jeyanandh Dhivakaran announced a further biopic on Jayalalithaa, which would focus more on her relationship with Sasikala and M. Natarajan. Director [[N. Linguswamy|Linguswamy]] was signed on to the project, and began pre-production work by meeting close aides and politicians of Jayalalithaa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://silverscreen.in/news/lingusamy-to-direct-jayalalitha-biopic/|title=Lingusamy To Direct Jayalalithaa Biopic|last1=V|first2=hana On|last2=October 24|last3=2018|date=24 October 2018}}</ref> In April 2019, director Jegadeswara Reddy announced that he was set to make a film titled ''[[Sasilalithaa]]'', which would showcase the relationship between Jayalalithaa and Sasikala. A first look poster was launched, with Reddy announcing that he would enter talks with [[Kajol]] and [[Amala Paul]] to play the lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/sasilalitha-another-biopic-on-former-tamil-nadu-cm-jayalalithaa-announced-1496905-2019-04-08 | title=Sasilalitha: Another biopic on former Tamil Nadu CM Jayalalithaa announced |date=8 April 2019 |work=India Today |access-date=24 November 2019}}</ref>

Jayalalithaa also appeared in an episode of ''[[Rendezvous with Simi Garewal]]'', an informal [[chat-show]] hosted by Indian actress [[Simi Garewal]], where she talked about her personal life and acting/political career.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rendezvous with Jayalalithaa |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yZOar04g4zk |publisher=Simi Garewal |date=Feb 11, 2017}}</ref>

== Elections contested and positions held ==
=== Tamil Nadu Legislative elections ===
{|
|- style="background:#adc;"
! width="160" |Elections
! width="100" |Constituency
! width="70" |Party
! width="70" |Result
! width="70" |Vote percentage
! width="150" |Opposition Candidate
! width="70" |Opposition Party
! width="70" |Opposition vote percentage
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| bgcolor="98FB98" |[[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]||[[Bodinayakkanur (State Assembly Constituency)|Bodinayakkanur]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||Won||54.41||Muthu Manoharan||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||27.27
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| rowspan = "2" bgcolor="98FB98" |[[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]||[[Bargur (State Assembly Constituency)|Bargur]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||Won||65.18||[[T. Rajendar]]||[[Thayaga Marumalarchi Kazhagam|TMK]]||29.34
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|[[Kangayam (State Assembly Constituency)|Kaangayam]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||Won||63.44||[[N. S. Rajkumar Manraadiar]]||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||32.85
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| bgcolor="FFA07A" |[[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]||[[Bargur (State Assembly Constituency)|Bargur]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||Lost||43.54||[[E. G. Sugavanam]]||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||50.71
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| bgcolor="98FB98" |[[2002–2003 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-election|2002 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-election]]||[[Andipatti (state assembly constituency)|Aandippatti]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||Won||58.22||Vaigai Sekar||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||27.64
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| bgcolor="98FB98" |[[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]||[[Andipatti (state assembly constituency)|Aandippatti]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||Won||55.04||Seeman||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||36.29
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| bgcolor="98FB98" |[[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]||[[Srirangam (State Assembly Constituency)|Thiruvarangam]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||Won||58.99||N. Anand||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||35.55
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| bgcolor="98FB98" |[[2015 elections in India#Tamil Nadu|2015 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-election]]||[[Radhakrishnan Nagar|Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||Won||88.43||C. Mahendran||[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]||5.35
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| bgcolor="98FB98" |[[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]||[[Radhakrishnan Nagar|Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||Won||55.87||Shimla Muthuchozhan||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||33.14
|}

===Posts in Parliament of India===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!width=70|Year
!width=195|Constituency
!width=300|Position
!width=150|From
!width=150|To
|-
| [[1984 Indian Rajya Sabha elections|1984]] || [[Tamil Nadu]] || [[Member of Parliament]], [[Rajya Sabha]] || 3 April 1984 || 28 January 1989
|}

===Posts in Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!width=70|Year
!width=195|Constituency
!width=300|Position
!width=150|From
!width=150|To
|-
| [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || [[Bodinayakkanur (state assembly constituency)|Bodinayakkanur]] || [[Leader of the Opposition]] || 9 February 1989 || 30 November 1989
|-
| 1989 || Bodinayakkanur || [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]] || 1 December 1989 || 30 January 1991
|-
| [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]] || [[Bargur (state assembly constituency)|Bargur]] || [[Chief Minister]] || 24 June 1991 || 12 May 1996
|-
| [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]] || Not Contested || Chief Minister || 14 May 2001 || 21 September 2001
|-
| [[2002–2003 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-election|2002]] || [[Andipatti (state assembly constituency)|Aandippatti]] || Chief Minister || 2 March 2002 || 12 May 2006
|-
| [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]] || Aandippatti || [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]] || 19 May 2006 || 28 May 2006
|-
| 2006 || Aandippatti || [[Leader of the Opposition]] || 29 May 2006 || 14 May 2011
|-
| [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]] || [[Srirangam (state assembly constituency)|Thiruvarangam]] || [[Chief Minister]] || 16 May 2011 || 27 September 2014
|-
| 2015 || [[Radhakrishnan Nagar|Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar]] || Chief Minister || 23 May 2015 || 22 May 2016
|-
| [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]] || Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar || Chief Minister || 23 May 2016 || 5 December 2016
|}

== Awards and honors ==
* In 1972, J. Jayalalithaa was awarded the [[Kalaimamani]] by the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="degrees"/>
* [[Honorary doctorate]] received from [[University of Madras]] in 1991.<ref name="degrees">{{cite web|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/gov_cm.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090911085023/http://www.tn.gov.in/gov_cm.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 September 2009 |title=Awards and Special Degrees |publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu |location=Chennai, India |access-date=10 November 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://goodtimes.ndtv.com/PhotoDetail.aspx?Page=37&ID=6852&AlbumType=PG| title=Awards| publisher=NDTV|access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref>
* Honorary doctorate received from [[Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University|The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University]] in 1992.<ref name="degrees"/>
* Honorary doctorate received from [[Madurai Kamaraj University]] in 1993.<ref name="degrees"/>
* Honorary doctorate received from [[Tamil Nadu Agricultural University]] in 2003.<ref name="degrees"/>
* Honorary doctorate received from [[Bharathidasan University]] in 2003.<ref name="degrees"/>
* In 2004, She was invited by the [[House of Lords]], [[London]] to receive the "Woman Politician of the Decade Award" from the Asian Guild Awards.<ref name="degrees"/>
* In 2004, The "Golden Star of Honor and Dignity Award" was conferred upon her by the [[Ukraine]]-based International Human Rights Defense Committee recognizing her services in protecting the weaker section of society and in the field of gender equality in Tamil Nadu and India.<ref name="degrees"/> Then [[Secretary-General of the United Nations|United Nations Secretary General]] [[Kofi Annan]], [[President of Russia|Russian President]] [[Vladimir Putin]] and [[Prime Minister of Iceland|Iceland Prime Minister]] [[Davíð Oddsson|David oddson]] were the only three previous recipients of the award<ref>{{cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/jayalalithaa-to-be-awarded-soon/articleshow/878290.cms?from=mdr |title=Jayalalithaa to be awarded soon|date=8 October 2004|work=Economic Times}}</ref>
* In 2011, a resolution was passed by the [[New Jersey General Assembly]] to appreciate her exemplary excellence and dedication as a leader and in service to the people of Tamil Nadu.<ref name="degrees"/>
* In 2018, Government of Tamil Nadu renamed [[Tamil Nadu Fisheries University]] after her as Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University.
* In 2019, Government of Tamil Nadu named three Kalaimamani award after her as Puratchi Thalaivi Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Special Kalaimamani Award.
* In 2019, Government of Tamil Nadu renamed [[Tamil Nadu Music and Fine Arts University]] after her as The Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Music and Fine Arts University.
* In 2020, Government of Tamil Nadu renamed Tamil Nadu State Council for Higher Education Campus after her as Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Campus.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jayalalithaa statue to be installed at State Council for Higher Education |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/jayalalithaa-statue-to-be-installed-at-state-council-for-higher-education/article31157434.ece |access-date=25 March 2020 |work=The Hindu |date=25 March 2020 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
* On 31 July 2020, [[Chennai Mofussil Bus Terminus]] in [[Chennai]] has been renamed as [[Puratchi Thalaivi Dr. J. Jayalalithaa CMBT metro station|Puratchi Thalaivi Dr. J. Jayalalithaa CMBT Metro]] by [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] to honor her.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2020/jul/31/tamil-nadu-government-to-rename-three-metro-rail-stations-in-chennai-after-late-chief-ministers-2177261.html |title=Tamil Nadu government to rename three metro rail stations in Chennai after late Chief Ministers |date=31 July 2020 |access-date=31 July 2020 |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== See also ==
* [[First Jayalalithaa ministry]]
* [[Second Jayalalithaa ministry]]
* [[Third Jayalalithaa ministry]]
* [[Fourth Jayalalithaa ministry]]
* [[Fifth Jayalalithaa ministry]]
* [[Sixth Jayalalithaa ministry]]

== Further reading ==
{{refbegin|2}}
* {{cite book|title=Amma: Jayalalithaa's Journey From Movie Star To Political Queen|last=Vassanthi|ref=Vaasanthi|publisher=Juggernaut|year=2016|isbn=978-8193284148}}
* {{cite book|title=Cut-outs, Caste and Cines Stars|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8ldacEfF58EC&q=jayalalitha+saree+pulled+in+assembly&pg=PA88|last=Vassanthi|ref=Vaasanthi|publisher=Penguin Books India|year=2008|isbn=978-0-14-306312-4}}
* {{Cite book |last=Ramaswamy |first=Vijaya |title=Historical dictionary of the Tamils|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H4q0DHGMcjEC&q=jayalalitha+films&pg=PA101 |year=2007|publisher=Scarecrow Press|location=United States|isbn=978-0-470-82958-5|ref=Ramaswamy}}
* {{cite book|title=M.G. Ramachandran: Jewel of the Masses|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CIX11WBlVGAC&q=jayalalitha+films&pg=PA1986|last=Swaminathan|first=Roopa|publisher=Rupa Publications|page=1986|year=2002|isbn=9788171678976|ref=Swaminathan}}
* {{cite book|last=Velayutham|first=Selvaraj|title=Tamil Cinema: The Cultural Politics of India's Other Film Industry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kuPaE3v22zAC&q=jayalalitha+films&pg=PA93|page=93|year=2008|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-39680-6|ref=Velayutham}}
* {{cite book|title=Love's Rite|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=trQj0GrKuPoC&q=jayalalitha+%2B+women+police+stations&pg=PA158|last=Vanitha|first=Rose|ref=Vanitha|publisher=Penguin Books India|year=2005|isbn=978-0-14-400059-3}}
* {{cite book|title=Refugee Management: Sri Lankan Refugges in Tamil Nadu, 1983–2000|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4eDh7Y7wYXgC&q=jayalalitha+1991+rajiv|year=2005|last=Das|first=Sumita|publisher=Mittal publications|isbn=9788183240666|ref=Das}}
* {{cite book|title=My Frozen Turbulence In Kashmir|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wpVhCICrRb4C&q=janaki+ramachandran+chief+minister|last=Jagmohan|year=2007|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=9788181242174}}
* {{cite book|title=Jayalalithaa: A Journey|last=Sen Sri Raman|first=Papri|publisher=Vitasta Publishing|year=2017|isbn=978-9382711865|location=Delhi}}
{{refend}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Sister project links|wikt=no|commons=Category:J. Jayalalithaa|Jayalalithaa| b=no | n=no | q=Jayalalithaa | s=no|v=no|voy=no|species=no|d=no|display=J. Jayalalithaa}}

*[https://www.scribd.com/document/339287469/Full-text-SC-order-convicting-Sasikala-in-DA-case#fullscreen&from_embed/ In The Supreme Court Of India Criminal Appellate Jurisdiction]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4762593.stm Profile] at ''[[BBC News]]''
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080227154244/http://transcurrents.com/tamiliana/archives/549 Jayalalithaa: From Alluring Actress to Powerful Politician-by D.B.S. Jeyaraj]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1850717.stm BBC News article – ''Jayalalitha returns to power'' (dated 2 March 2002)]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4762593.stm BBC – Controversial life of Jayalalitha]
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/tamil/jaya_thapar.ram BBC Hardtalk RealPlayer video of Jayalalitha (RealPlayer required)]
* {{IMDb name|0412883|J.Jayalalitha}}
*[https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/the-life-and-times-of-jayalalitha/205450 The Life And Times Of Jayalalitha | Outlook India Magazine]

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Disproportionate assets case against Jayalalithaa

2022-04-09T14:06:04Z

Snthilakammarist:

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox news event
| title = Disproportionate assets case of J. Jayalalithaa
| image =Jayalalitha in 2016.jpg
| image_name =Image of Jayalalitha in 2016
| image_size =
| caption = J. Jayalalithaa
| date = {{Start date and age|1996|06|14|df=y}}
| time =
| place = [[Chennai]]
| coordinates =
| also known as = DA Case
| participants = [[J. Jayalalithaa]], [[V.K.Sassikala]], Ilavarasi, V. N. Sudhakaran,DR Subramanian Swamy(chief petioner)
| outcome = Imprisonment and fine
| reported injuries =
| reported missing =
| reported property damage =
| burial =
| inquiries =
| inquest =
| coroner =
| suspects =
| charges = Misuse of office, Disproportionate assets, Criminal conspiracy, Corruption
| verdict = Supreme Court: Trial court verdict restored. High Court: Acquitted of all charges, bail bonds discharged. Trial Court: 4 years' simple imprisonment for all four, a fine of {{INR}}100 crore for Jayalalithaa and {{INR}}10 crores for the other three
| convictions = Supreme Court: 3; High Court: none; Trial Court: 4.
| litigation = 18 years
}}

[[J. Jayalalithaa|Jayaram Jayalalithaa]] (24 February 1948 – 5 December 2016), commonly referred to as Jayalalithaa, was an Indian politician who was the six time [[Chief Minister (India)|Chief Minister]] of the Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. She was initially convicted for misusing her office during her tenure of 1991–96.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Jayalalithaa-wealth-case-timeline-of-events/article10887817.ece|title=Jayalalithaa wealth case: timeline of events|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=2017-02-21|language=en}}</ref> [[Subramanian Swamy]] was the chief petitioner. Some of the allegations involved spending on her foster son's lavish marriage in 1996 and her acquisition of properties worth more than {{INRConvert|66.65|c|year=1996}}, as well as jewellery, cash deposits, investments and a fleet of luxury cars. This was the first case where a ruling chief minister had to step down on account of a court sentence. Ultimately, in May 2015, her conviction was overturned, she was acquitted of all charges, and she then died before the [[Supreme Court of India]] reviewed the case in 2017.

The trial lasted 18 years and was transferred to [[Bengaluru]] from [[Chennai]]. A judgement on 27 September 2014 in the Special Court headed by Justice [[John Michael D'Cunha]] convicted all of the accused—namely J. Jayalalithaa, [[V. K. Sassikala|VK Sasdikala]], Ilavarasi and V. N. Sudhakaran—and sentenced them to four years' simple imprisonment. Jayalalithaa was fined {{INRConvert|100|c|year=2014}} and the other three were fined {{INRConvert|10|c|year=2014}} each. She was convicted for the third time and was forced to step down from the Chief Minister's office for a second time. She was also the seventh politician and the first [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] (MLA) from the state, and the third nationally,{{cn|date=February 2017}} to be disqualified after the Supreme Court judgement in 2014 on the [[Representation of the People Act, 1951|Representation of the People Act]] that prevents convicted politicians from holding office.

In May 2015, the [[Karnataka High Court]] overturned the trial court's verdict, acquitting those accused of all charges. This paved the way for Jayalalithaa's return to power as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu on 23 May 2015.

On 14 February 2017, the Supreme Court of India over-ruled the Karnataka High Court. Sassikala and the other accused were convicted and sentenced to four years' imprisonment, as well as being fined {{INRConvert|10|c|year=2017}} each. The case against Jayalalithaa was abated because she had died but fines were levied on her properties.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/sasikalas-conviction-in-wealth-case-upheld-by-supreme-court/articleshow/57140345.cms|title=Sasikala's conviction in wealth case upheld by Supreme Court|first=Dhananjay|last=Mahapatra|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|date=14 February 2017}}</ref>

==Case==
Jayalalithaa was a six-time chief minister of the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. She was accused of misusing her office during her first tenure as chief minister during 1991–96 to amass properties worth {{INRConvert|66.65|c|year=1996}} and depositing the amount in her proxy accounts.<ref name="India Abroad">{{cite news|title=Jayalalitha convicted, supporters go on rampage|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-79276989.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328134356/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-79276989.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 March 2015|location= New Delhi|publisher=India Abroad|date=11 February 2000|access-date=2014-01-01|first=Kalyan|last=Arun}}{{Subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> The assets under the purview of the case span over {{cvt|1200|ha}} including the farm houses and bungalows in Chennai, agricultural land in Tamil Nadu, a farm house in Hyderabad, a tea estate in the Nilgiris, valuable jewellery, industrial sheds, cash deposits and investments in banks and a set of luxury cars.<ref name=NDTV/> A raid in her Poes garden residence in 1997 recovered {{convert|800|kg|abbr=on}} silver, {{convert|28|kg|abbr=on}} gold, 750 pairs of shoes, 10,500 sarees, 91 watches and other valuables. The valuables were kept in a vault in [[Reserve Bank of India]] in Chennai. The opposition party petitioned the court to take control of those assets but a judge who inspected them in January 2014 ordered their transfer to Bangalore.<ref name=TOI>{{cite news|title=Karnataka judge inspects Jayalalithaa's assets|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Karnataka-judge-inspects-Jayalalithaas-assets/articleshow/28494380.cms|work=TNN|publisher=The Times of India|date=7 January 2014|access-date=2014-01-01|location=Chennai}}</ref> The judgement on 27 September 2014 in the Special Court found all four parties guilty. The case had political implications as it was the first case where a ruling Chief minister had to step down on account of a court verdict.

Later, on 11 May 2015, Jayalalithaa was acquitted of all the charges by High Court of Karnataka.<ref>{{cite news|title=High Court verdict on Jayalalithaa's asset case|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/resources/text-of-karnataka-high-courts-verdict-on-jayalalithaa-da-case/article7193478.ece|date=12 May 2015|access-date=2015-05-25|work=The Hindu}}</ref>

Later, On 15 February 2017, The Supreme court overheard the case and convicted all. The order of the special court was restored by the apex court. This ended VK Sasikala's dream to be Chief Minister.

==Trial==

The [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (DMK) government lost power to the Jayalalithaa-led [[ All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]] government in 2001. In 2003, DMK requested that the court proceedings take place outside Tamil Nadu because it doubted that a fair trial would happen under her governance. The case was transferred to the neighbouring state of [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Jayalalithaa deposes for third time in disproportionate assets case| url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/jayalalithaa-disproportionate-assets-case-hearing/1/161135.html|work=IANS|location= Bangalore|publisher=India Today|date=22 November 2011|access-date=2014-01-01}}</ref> During May 2010, Jayalalithaa's counsel argued that those in charge of the proceedings were not competent to run the case. The Supreme Court dismissed the appeal.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jayalalitha's petition in graft case dismissed|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2030116871.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328142034/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2030116871.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 March 2015|location= New Delhi|work=Hindustan Times|agency=IANS|date=11 May 2010|access-date=2014-01-01 |url-access=subscription |via=HighBeam}}</ref>

In 2002, several prosecution witnesses resiled from their earlier depositions when Jayalalithaa was acquitted by [[Madras High Court]]. Bangalore Special Court noted that "No attempt has been made to elicit or find out whether witnesses were resiling because they are now under pressure to do so. It does appear that the new public prosecutor is hand in glove with the accused, thereby causing a reasonable apprehension of likelihood of failure of justice in the minds of the public at large. There is a strong indication that the process of justice is being subverted."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2025/stories/20031219005403000.htm|title=Over to Bangalore|work=frontline.in|access-date=2015-05-27}}</ref>

Despite attempting to avoid appearing personally before the court, citing security concerns, the Supreme Court ordered Jayalalithaa to do so.<ref>{{cite news|title=No relief from SC, Jaya to appear before court today|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2489514071.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304130946/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2489514071.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 March 2016|location= New Delhi|publisher=Hindustan Times|date=20 October 2011|access-date=2014-01-01 |url-access=subscription |via=HighBeam}}</ref> Her deposition lasted two days in October 2011.<ref name=NDTV>{{cite news|title=Jayalalithaa's court appearance over, heads back to Chennai|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/jayalalithaa-s-court-appearance-over-heads-back-to-chennai-143196|last=Iyer|first=Radhika|publisher=NDTV|location=Bangalore|date=21 October 2011|access-date=2014-01-01}}</ref>

In 2012, Karnataka Advocate General [[B.V.Acharya]], who had spent seven years building the case, resigned as the Special Public Prosecutor. He told reporters that he was being pressured by the state government and "forces" who wanted him off the case.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/relief-jayalalithaa-acharya-says-he-will-not-file-additional-submission-da-case|title=In a relief to Jayalalithaa, Acharya says he will not file an additional submission in DA case|work=The News Minute|date=5 May 2015|access-date=2015-05-27}}</ref>

During June 2014, the Supreme Court ordered resumption of trial and dismissed the plea from Jayalalithaa seeking to abate the case.<ref>{{cite news|title=SC Orders Resumption of Trial in Jaya Assets Case|url=https://www.questia.com/read/1P3-3336384381|location= New Delhi|publisher=Hindustan Times|date=18 June 2014|access-date=}}{{dl|date=July 2021}}</ref>

On 27 September 2014, the Special Court headed by Justice [[John Michael D'Cunha]] convicted all four accused. Jayalalithaa was sentenced to four years simple imprisonment under the Prevention of Corruption Act and fined {{INR}}100 crores, which would be set-off against the confiscated properties. The three co-accused were all sentenced to four years simple imprisonment and fined {{INR}}10 crores each. Failure to pay the fine would result in an additional year of sentence. The outcome also meant that Jayalalithaa was disqualified as an MLA and as Chief Minister, and that she would not be able to contest elections for 10 years.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite news|title=Jayalalithaa goes to jail|work=The Hindu|last1=Yamunan|first1=Sruthisagar|last2=Krishnaprasad|date=28 September 2014|location=Bangalore}}</ref><ref name=times1>{{cite news|title=Assets take Jaya from Garden to jail|newspaper=Sunday Times|date=28 September 2014|location=Bangalore/Chennai|last1=Sivan|first1=Jayaraj|last2=A.|first2=Subramani|last3=P.|first3=Vasanth Kumar}}</ref>

Following the judgment, Jayalalithaa was moved to Parappana Agrahara prison. Requests for a VVIP cell and medical treatment were denied. The three co-accused were also jailed at that prison.<ref>{{cite news|title=Amma is now prisoner number 7402|newspaper=Sunday Times|last1=M.K.|first1=Madhusoodan|last2=Kalkod|first2=Rajiv|date=28 September 2014}}</ref> The four sought bail pending an appeal and this was granted on 17 October 2014. It was stipulated that the appeal must be completed within three months.<ref name=bail/> On 17 October 2014, Supreme Court granted two months bail and suspended her sentence.<ref>{{cite news|title=India's Supreme Court grants bail to Jayalalitha|work=BBC News|date=17 October 2014|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-29655666|access-date=2014-10-17}}</ref> On 18 December 2014, the same court extended her bail by four months and ordered that her appeal challenging conviction in Karnataka High Court be conducted on day-to-day basis by a Special Bench.<ref name=":0" />

The case went to appeal in Karnataka High Court. Judgement was delayed because Anbazhagan petitioned the Supreme Court against the appointment of Bhavani Singh as prosecutor. He was accused of aiding the defendants. The Supreme Court accepted the appeal and ruled that appointment of Bhavani was against rules. It also instructed the High Court to get written statements from the newly appointed prosecutor of the case by Karnataka government.<ref name="Bhavani">{{cite news|title=Supreme Court strikes down Bhavani Singh's appointment|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/no-freash-hearing-of-jayalalithaas-appeal/article7146155.ece|work=The Hindu|date=27 April 2015|access-date=2015-05-23}}</ref> The Karnataka government appointed B. V. Acharya.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jayalalithaa wealth case: B.V. Acharya back as SPP|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/jayalalithaa-wealth-case-bv-acharya-back-as-spp/article7150632.ece|work=The Hindu|date=29 April 2015|access-date=2015-05-23}}</ref>

On 11 May 2015, Jayalalithaa was acquitted of all charges by the Karnataka High Court, causing wild celebrations by supporters.<ref name=acquit>{{cite news|title=Indian Tamil leader Jayalalithaa Jayaram cleared of corruption, paving way for return to politics|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-05-11/indian-tamil-leader-jayalalithaa-jayaram-cleared-of-corruption/6461526|date=11 May 2015|work=ABC News|access-date=2015-05-25}}</ref>

On 15 February 2017, The Supreme court overheard the case and convicted all. The order of the special court was restored by the apex court. This ended VK Sasikala's dream to be Chief Minister.

Karnataka has sent a bill of Rs 12.04 crore to Tamil Nadu in connection with this case. The bill details the expenditure incurred by Karnataka while conducting the DA case between 2004 and 2016. The bill has details of the court charges, security, fees of lawyers, salary of judges and also the security arrangements made in connection with the case. The expenses were incurred by the chief accountant, the registrars of the city civil court and the Karnataka high court and the home department.

==Aftermath==
[[File:V. K. Sasikala.jpg|250x250px|[[Sasikala Natarajan]] who was co-accused with Jayalalitha in the case|thumb]]
Announcement of the judgement and sentence was delayed by six hours, leading to chaos outside the court. Soon after, sporadic incidents of violence were reported across the state initiated by the AIADMK and Jayalalithaa loyalists. Most shops, restaurants, malls and movie halls remained closed and public transport was totally stopped. The neighbouring state of Karnataka and Kerala stopped inter-state buses to Tamil Nadu. A state-owned bus was set ablaze near [[Kanchipuram]] before passengers were made to alight. The governor of Tamil Nadu, [[Konijeti Rosaiah]] ordered operations to maintain law and order and, while the police said that the situation was under control, opposition parties complained of violence. The leader of DMK, [[M. Karunanidhi]], wrote to the President of India and the Prime Minister seeking restoration of peace.<ref>{{cite news|title=Violence across the state|work=The Hindu|last=S.|first=Vijayakumar|date=28 September 2014|location=Chennai}}</ref> The Central Home Ministry offered support to control violence.<ref>{{cite news|title=Centre offers help to tackle violence|work=The Hindu|last=Special Correspondent|date=28 September 2014|location=New Delhi}}</ref> Venkatesan, a 65-year-old fan of Jayalilathaa, immolated himself in Chennai as a mark of protest and died later in hospital. Another follower tried [[self-immolation]] in front of the house of Jayalalithaa at Poes Gardens but was stopped by the police.<ref>{{cite news|title=65-year old man kills self over conviction|work=The Hindu|last=Peter|first=Petlee|date=28 September 2014|location=Chennai}}</ref>

Following the disqualification of Jayalalithaa as Chief Minister, media reported various front-runners for the post.<ref>{{cite news|title=Front runners|work=The Hindu|date=28 September 2014|location=Chennai}}</ref> The AIADMK eventually opted for [[O. Panneerselvam]] to become Chief Minister.<ref>{{cite news|title=Disproportionate assets case aftermath: New Chief Minister|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/o-panneerselvam-is-tamil-nadu-s-new-chief-minister-599069|publisher=NDTV|date= 28 September 2014|location=All India|access-date=2014-09-28}}</ref>

==Political consequences==
Jayalalithaa became the first Chief Minister to lose her post due to being convicted while in office and the seventh MLA to lose office for that reason.<ref>{{cite news|title=Fifth politician to lose post|newspaper=Sunday Times|date=28 September 2014}}</ref> She was convicted for the third time overall and was forced to step down from the Chief Minister's office for the second time.<ref name=times1/> Jayalalithaa was the sixth former chief minister of an Indian state to have been charged and jailed in a corruption case.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jaya 1st CM in office to be convicted|publisher=Sunday Times|date=28 February 2014}}</ref>

==Timeline==
* June 1996 – [[Subramanian Swamy]] files complaint against Jayalalithaa against the amassed wealth. The DMK-led government registered a [[First Information Report]] against her and an investigation into the complaint begins
* June 1997 – Jayalalithaa, Sasikala, Ilavarasi and Sudhakaran are formally charged and this is confirmed by special court in October
* May 2001 – Jayalalithaa-led AIADMK comes back to power in Tamil Nadu
* February 2003 – K. Anbazhagan, the secretary of DMK, files an appeal in the Supreme Court to transfer proceedings outside Tamil Nadu to ensure a fair trial. In November that year, the Court orders that the trial be moved to Bangalore, Karnataka
* March 2005 – Trial commences in special court in Bangalore
* December 2010 to February 2011 – Re-examination of witnesses by prosecution
* 20, 21 October and 22, 23 November 2011 – Jayalalithaa appears in person in court and answers questions
* August 2012 – Special Public Prosecutor (SPP) B. V. Acharya resigns quoting efforts transferring him
* 2013 – G. Bhawani Singh appointed as the SPP in February, removed by the [[Government of Karnataka]] in August and then reinstated by the Supreme Court in September<ref>{{cite news|title=Supreme Court quashes order removing Bhavani Singh|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/supreme-court-quashes-order-removing-bhavani-singh/article5184888.ece|work=The Hindu|date= 7 September 2013|location=Bangalore|access-date=2013-09-30}}</ref>
* 28 August 2014 – Trial concludes and court decides 20 September as the date of sentence
* 16 September 2014 – Court allows appeal of Jayalalithaa to move proceedings to different court and sentence to 27 September on grounds of security.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite news|title=Twists and Turns|work=The Hindu|date= 27 September 2014|location=Bangalore}}</ref>
* 27 September 2014 – Court pronounces verdict – all four convicted are sentenced.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jayalalithaa guilty in assets case, Gets 4-year jail term|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/jayalalithaa-verdict-assets-case-disproportionate-special-court/1/393035.html|publisher=India Today|date= 27 September 2014|location=Bangalore|access-date=2014-09-27}}</ref> The four defendants were sent to the Parappana Agrahara central jail in Bangalore.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url = http://onelawstreet.com/2015/05/jayalalithaa-acquitted-by-karnataka-high-court-in-da-case-read-judgment-and-case-history/|title = Jayalalithaa acquitted by Karnataka High Court in DA case – Read judgment and case history|date = 11 May 2015|access-date=2015-05-11|website = 1, Law Street|publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref>
* 29 September 2014 – Jayalalithaa files a bail plea in Karnataka High Court.<ref>{{cite news|title=Disproportionate assets case: Jayalalithaa files bail plea in Karnataka HC|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/disproportionate-assets-case-jayalalithaa-files-bail-plea-in-karnataka-hc-1735347.html|publisher=Firstpost|date= 29 September 2014|location=Bangalore|access-date=2014-09-29}}</ref> The plea was rejected two days later,<ref>{{cite news|title=Disproportionate assets case: Bail plea was not accepted, and is postponed for six more days.|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/disproportionate-assets-case-jayalalithaa-files-bail-plea-in-karnataka-hc-1735347.html|publisher=Firstpost|date= 29 September 2014|location=Bangalore|access-date=2014-09-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Huge blow to Jayalalithaa|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/huge-blow-to-former-tamil-nadu-cm-j-jayalalithaa-as-karnataka-hc-refuses-bail-to-her-in-da-case/504433-62-128.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008225229/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/huge-blow-to-former-tamil-nadu-cm-j-jayalalithaa-as-karnataka-hc-refuses-bail-to-her-in-da-case/504433-62-128.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 October 2014|publisher=IBNLive|date=7 October 2014|access-date=2015-05-25}}</ref> but on 17 October 2014 it was granted by the Supreme Court.<ref name=bail>{{Cite web|url = http://onelawstreet.com/2014/10/jayalalitha-bail-order-supreme-court-17-10-2014/|title = Jayalalitha Bail Order – Supreme Court – 17.10.2014|date = 17 October 2014|access-date=2015-05-03|website = 1, Law Street|publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref>
* 27 April 2015 – Supreme Court holds appointment of Bhawani Singh as prosecutor in appeal as wrong in law but does not allow a fresh hearing.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://onelawstreet.com/2015/04/sc-holds-appointment-of-bhawani-singh-as-spp-in-jayalalithas-appeal-bad/|title = Supreme Court terms SPP's appointment bad but no de novo hearing in Jayalalitha's Appeal|date = 27 April 2015|access-date=2015-05-03|website = 1, Law Street|publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref>
* 11 May 2015 – Jayalalithaa is acquitted of all corruption charges by the Karnataka High Court.<ref name=":0" />
* 23 May 2015 – Jayalalithaa returns to power as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jayalalitha: sworn in a chief minister of Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-32857257|work=BBC News|location=India|date=23 May 2015|access-date=2015-05-25}}</ref>
* 5 December 2016 – Jayalalithaa died on 5 December after suffering from a cardiac arrest.
* 14 February 2017 – Sasikala and other co-accused found guilty of corruption charges. Proceedings against Jayalalithaa were abated and dismissed on account of her death.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/sasikala-supreme-court-da-case-aiadmk-panneerselvam/1/882237.html|title = Sasikala convicted in DA case, she must serve remaining jail term, rules Supreme Court}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

[[Category:Jayalalithaa]]
[[Category:Corruption in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:2014 in Indian politics]]
[[Category:History of Tamil Nadu (1947–present)]]
[[Category:Political corruption in India]]
[[Category:Crime in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Law enforcement operations in India]]

TANSI land acquisition case

2022-04-09T14:05:08Z

Snthilakammarist:

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox news event
| title = TANSI land acquisition case
| image =
| image_name =
| image_size =
| caption = File picture of Jayalalithaa
| date = {{Start date|1999|06|10|df=y}}
| time =
| place = [[Chennai]]
| coordinates =
| also known as =
| cause =
| participants = [[J. Jayalalithaa]], [[V. K. Sassikala]], T.R. Srinivasan, Mohammed Asif, S. Nagarajan, R. Karpoorasundarapandian
| outcome =
| reported injuries =
| reported death(s) =
| reported missing =
| reported property damage =
| burial =
| inquiries =
| inquest =
| coroner =
| suspects =
| charges = Misuse of office, Corruption, Criminal conspiracy
| verdict = Supreme Court: Acquitted of all charges, High Court: Acquitted of all charges Trial Court: Two year rigorous and {{INR}}50,000 fine for all six
| convictions = High Court: none; Trial Court: 6
| litigation = 7 years
}}
'''TANSI land acquisition case''' (or '''TANSI case''') was a sensational case against [[J. Jayalalithaa]] in Tamil Nadu, during 1991-96. Jaya Publication and Sasi Enterprises, the companies in which J. Jayalalithaa and her close friend V. K. Sassikala had holdings, purchased lands of Tamil Nadu Small Industries Corporation (TANSI), a state government agency, in 1992. The case was filed by [[Subramanian Swamy]] and chargesheet were filed during the following DMK (Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam) government headed by [[M. Karunanidhi]] in 1996. Jayalalitha and her associate, Sassikala were convicted in the lower court, which sentenced her to two year rigorous imprisonment and fined {{INR}}50,000 on 9 October 2000. The case had political implications as Jayalalithaa was disqualified from contesting the [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]. Though Jayalalithaa's nomination papers were rejected, she took oath as chief minister after the victory of [[AIADMK]] in the elections. The Supreme Court disqualified her in September 2001, resulting in her stepping down and elevation of [[O. Panneerselvam]] as the chief minister. The governor of Tamil Nadu, [[Fathima Beevi]], who administered oath to J. Jayalalithaa, was advised to step down by the union ministry, who also sent the report to the [[President of India]].

The Madras High Court acquitted her and other five accused in the case of all the charges on 4 December 2001. The Supreme Court upheld the order of Madras High Court on 24 November 2003 on grounds of lack of evidence. She came back to power winning the [[2002 Tamil Nadu assembly by-election]] from [[Andipatti (State Assembly Constituency)|Andipatti constituency]] in March 2002.

==Background==
[[Jayalalithaa Jayaram]] (24 February 1948-05 December 2016), commonly referred to as J. Jayalalithaa, was an Indian politician and six time Chief Minister of [[Tamil Nadu]] during various times from 24 June 1991 – 12 May 1996, 14 May 2001 – 21 September 2001, 2 March 2002 – 12 May 2006, 16 May 2011 – 27 September 2014, 23 May 2015 – 05 December 2016. Jaya Publication and Sasi Enterprises, the companies in which Jayalalithaa and Sasikala had holdings, purchased lands of Tamil Nadu Small Industries Corporation (TANSI), a state government agency, in 1992. The companies bought {{convert|3|acre|ha|abbr=on}} land and building belonging to TANSI, which was quoted to be {{INR}}35 crores less than the market price.<ref>{{cite web|title=Verdict on Jayalalithaa Disproportionate Assets Case Postponed to 27 September|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-3433111151.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301135024/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-3433111151.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 March 2016|publisher=Mint|date=16 September 2014|accessdate=31 October 2015|location=Chennai|via=[[HighBeam Research]]|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The chargesheet filed during 1996 stated that the purchase of foundry property caused a loss of {{INR}}2.28 crores and enamel wire factory caused a loss of {{INR}}58.8 lakh to the state exchequer.<ref name=rediff/>
==Trial==
The case was filed by [[Subramanian Swamy]] in the Madras trial court. The trial court framed charges against her and five others on 10 June 1999. The Madras Court discharged her from the case on 13 January 2000, but based on the leave petition filed by the state government, the court ordered her to face the trial. She was convicted of criminal conspiracy by the trial court on 9 October 2000, sentencing her to two year rigorous imprisonment in the two cases and fined {{INR}}50,000. She was sentenced under Sections 120-B (for punishment of criminal conspiracy) and 409 (for criminal breach of trust by public servant or by banker, merchant or agent) of the [[Indian Penal Code]] (IPC) and Sections 13 (2) and 13 (1)(c) and (d) of the [[Prevention of Corruption Act]] (PCA). While Jayalalithaa and Sasikala were sentenced as the first and second accused, four others, namely, the former Chairman and Managing Director of TANSI T.R. Srinivasan, former Rural Industries Minister Mohammed Asif, former Special Deputy Collector (Stamps) S. Nagarajan and Jayalalitha's former Additional Secretary R. Karpoorasundarapandian, were sentenced to two years rigorous imprisonment and levied a fine of {{INR}}10,000 each in the Jaya Publications case. The six were sentenced in the Sasi Enterprises case as well and similar sentence was awarded.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Jail term for Jayalalitha |url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1721/17210040.htm|publisher=Frontline|date=27 October 2000|last=T.S.|first=Subramanaian|accessdate=1 January 2014|volume=17|issue=21}}</ref> In November 2000, the Madras Court stayed the conviction, but still debarred her from contesting the state assembly elections in 2001.<ref name=rediff/>
==Political implications==
{{quote box
| border=2px
| align=right
| bgcolor = Cornsilk
|width = 30%
| title=Supreme Court judgement
| halign=center
| quote=<poem>
Good ethical behaviour on the part of those who are in power is the hallmark of a good administration and people in public life must perform in a spirit of public service rather than by assuming power to indulge in callous cupidity regardless of self imposed discipline. Irrespective of the fact whether we reach the conclusion that Jayalalithaa is guilty of the offences with which she is charged or not, she must atone for the same not only by returning the property to TANSI unconditionally but also ponder over whether she had done the right thing in breaching the spirit of Code of Conduct and take steps to expiate herself</poem>
| salign=right
|source= ~ ''Supreme Court judgement'', 24 November 2003<ref>{{cite book|title=Challenging The Rules(s) of Law: Colonialism, Criminology and Human Rights in India|chapter=Revisiting impunity and criminality|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EaMGo6zqzNYC&q=tansi+case&pg=PA327|last=Nagaraj|first=Vijay K.|pages=327–8|publisher=Sage Publications Inc|editor1-last=Kannabiran|editor1-first=Kalpana|editor2-last=Singh|editor2-first=Ranbir|year=2008|isbn=9780761936657}}</ref>
}}
The AIADMK party swept the poll in 2001 and though she was disqualified from contesting, she was sworn in as the Chief Minister. There was an appeal in Supreme Court against her appointment as Chief minister quoting a convicted person cannot hold government office. K. Venugopal appeared as counsel for Jayalalithaa and Sasikala, while Venkatapathy acted as the public prosecutor. While the prosecutor sought further time to study the case, the court went ahead with the hearing of the appellate. K. Venugopal argued that there was no impropriety with Jayalalithaa continuing as Chief minister as it was a large scale people's mandate that wanted her as the chief minister. On 21 September 2001, a five member bench of the Supreme Court ordered that a disqualified person cannot hold office of the Chief minister. The judges quoted that people's mandate cannot overrule constitution.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jayalalithaa's chances recede as Supreme Court takes a tough stand|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-79281250.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409185631/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-79281250.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 April 2016|newspaper=India Abroad|date=14 September 2001|accessdate=31 October 2015|location=Chennai|via=HighBeam Research|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The governor of Tamil Nadu, [[Fathima Beevi]], who administered oath to Jayalalithaa, was advised to step down by the union ministry, who also sent the report to the [[President of India]]. It was a rare case of a constitutional functionary being removed from power for omission of duties.<ref>{{cite journal|title=A tough response|url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1814/18140120.htm|journal=Frontline|volume=18|issue=14|date=20 July 2001|accessdate=31 October 2015|last=Muralidharan|first=Sukumar|location=New Delhi}}</ref> She resigned before she could be called back by the central government on 1 July 2001 and her resignation was accepted and C. Rangarajan, the then governor of neighbouring state [[Andhra Pradesh]] was given additional charge as governor of Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{cite news|title=T.N. Governor resigns before recall|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/07/02/stories/01020001.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020321133338/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/07/02/stories/01020001.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 March 2002|date=2 July 2001|accessdate=31 October 2015|location=New Delhi|last=Khare|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|first=Harish}}</ref>

Following the disqualification of Jayalalithaa as Chief minister, media reported various front runners for the post. There were no clear names emerging. Subsequently, at a meeting of AIADMK, [[O. Panneerselvam]] was chosen as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{cite news|title=Disproportionate assets case aftermath: New Chief Minister|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/o-panneerselvam-is-tamil-nadu-s-new-chief-minister-599069|publisher=NDTV|date= 28 September 2014|location=All India|accessdate=28 September 2014}}</ref>

On 4 December 2001, the Madras High Court acquitted her of all the charges on the TANSI land acquisition. She contested the Andipatti assembly constituency and was sworn-in again as the Chief Minister. The Supreme Court reserved the orders of the lower court against the leave petition filed by DMK party counsel against the lower court verdict. Subramaniya Swami appealed against her acquittal in the lower court in the [[Supreme Court of India]], which again acquitted her from the two cases on 24 November 2003 ruling that though there is strong suspicion about her involvement in the case, there was no legal evidence to prove her guilt. The judge also ordered "She must atone her conscience in the whole controversy".<ref>{{cite news|title=Jayalalitha {{sic|nolink=y|acquited}} in Tansi land scam case|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2003-11-24/news/27520980_1_tansi-jaya-publications-acquited|work=Press Trust of India|date=24 November 2003|publisher=The Economic Times|accessdate=1 January 2014}}</ref><ref name=rediff>{{cite news|title=SC acquits Jaya in Tansi land deal case|url=http://ia.rediff.com/news/2003/nov/24sc.htm|last=Singh|first=Onkar|date=24 November 2003|publisher=Rediff|accessdate=1 January 2014}}</ref> It was later reported that she returned the land to the agency at throwaway price.<ref>{{cite news|title=Amma Mia: Political Vacuum in TN|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-3445203401.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301135043/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-3445203401.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 March 2016|publisher=DNA, Sunday|date=28 September 2014|accessdate=31 October 2015|location=Chennai|via=HighBeam Research|last=S.|first=Murari|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
==Aftermath==
Jayalalithaa came back to power winning the [[2002 Tamil Nadu assembly by-election]] from [[Andipatti (State Assembly Constituency)|Andipatti constituency]].<ref name=Andi>{{cite news|title=Jayalalitha files nomination papers from Andipatti constituency|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1021448661.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409233844/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1021448661.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 April 2016|publisher=Hindustan Times|date=15 April 2006|accessdate=31 October 2015|location=New Delhi|via=HighBeam Research|work=Newswire|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Politicians believe that the outcome of the case along with the other cases filed by the DMK government against her resulted in a political vendetta between the ruling [[AIADMK]] and the opposition [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] parties. After assuming power, the Jayalalithaa government filed a slew of corruption cases against the DMK government ministers who were in office from 1996 - 2001. [[Karunanidhi]], the leader of DMK and ex-chief minister was [[Controversy of arrests in Tamil Nadu about construction of flyovers|arrested]] in an alleged flyover construction scam. The arrest created a controversy in the state as the videotapes of the arrest were telecast live by [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]], the channel run by Karunanidhi's nephew. The ruling AIADMK government also transferred all the officials who were seen close to the previous government.<ref>{{cite book|title=Divided We Stand: India in a Time of Coalitions|last1=Thakurta|first1=Paranjoy Guha|last2=Raghuraman|first2=Shankar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ur6GAwAAQBAJ&q=tansi+case&pg=PA325|page=325|publisher=SAGE Publications India|year=2007|isbn=9788132101642}}</ref>
==Timeline==
* '''15 November 1996''' - Chargesheet filed against Jayalalithaa and all the accused in the case
* '''10 June 1999''' - Charges framed against the six accused in the case
* '''13 January 2000''' - Supreme Court orders Jayalalithaa to face trial
* '''9 October 2000''' - Chennai trial court convicts Jayalalithaa to three years imprisonment and two years rigorous with a fine of {{INR}}50,000
* '''November 2000''' - Madras High Court stays the verdict and not the sentence, preventing Jayalalithaa from contesting Assembly polls
* '''May 2001''' - AIADMK led by Jayalalithaa sweeps polls (earlier Jayalilathaa disqualified from contesting)
* '''14 May 2001''' - Jayalalithaa assumes office amid controversy. Governor [[Fathima Beevi]] administers oath of confidence.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Jayalalitha sworn in as Tamil Nadu CM despite indictment in 3 cases|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/jayalalitha-sworn-in-as-tamil-nadu-cm-despite-indictment-in-three-cases-against-her/1/233531.html|magazine=India Today|date=28 May 2001|accessdate=31 October 2015}}</ref>
* '''1 July 2001''' - Fathima Beevi, the then governor of Tamil Nadu resigns after being asked to step down by the union ministry.
* '''21 September 2001''' - Supreme Court disqualifies Jayalalithaa
* '''4 December 2001''' - Madras High Court acquits Jayalalithaa of all her charges in the two cases.<ref name=rediff/>
* '''March 2002''' - Jayalalithaa becomes the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu.
* '''24 November 2003''' - Supreme Court of India upholds the verdict of High Court.<ref name=Andi/>
== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}
==References==
{{refbegin|colwidth=30em}}
* {{cite book|title=Indian Democracy Derailed Politics and Politicians|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RGyO0E86X1oC&q=jayalalitha+colour+tv&pg=PA321|last=Ghosh|first=Srikanta|publisher=APH Publishing|year=1997|isbn=9788170248668|work=Law Research Institute, Calcutta}}
* {{cite book|title= Our administration|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RfdtUUnVQLQC&q=jayalalitha+%2B+SAF+games&pg=PA47|last=K.C.|first=Brahmachary|publisher=Mittal Publications|year=2004|isbn=9788170999164|ref=K.C.}}
{{refend}}
[[Category:Jayalalithaa]]
[[Category:Corruption in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:2003 in Indian politics]]
[[Category:1990s in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:2000s in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Political corruption in India]]
[[Category:Crime in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Law enforcement operations in India]]

Colour TV case

2022-04-09T14:04:11Z

Snthilakammarist:

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}

{{Infobox news event
| title = Colour TV case
| image =
| image_name =
| image_size =
| caption = File picture of Jayalalithaa
| date = {{Start date|1998|05|14|df=y}}
| time =
| place = [[Chennai]]
| coordinates =
| also known as =
| cause =
| participants = [[Jayalalithaa]], [[V. K. Sassikala|Sassikala]], [[T. M. Selvaganapathy]]
| outcome =
| reported injuries =
| reported death(s) =
| reported missing =
| reported property damage =
| burial =
| inquiries =
| inquest =
| coroner =
| suspects =
| charges = Misuse of office, Corruption, Criminal conspiracy
| verdict = {{unbulleted list|High Court: All acquitted of all charges|Trial Court: Jayalalitha, Sasikala acquitted; Five year imprisonment for seven others, including Selvaganapathy}}
| convictions =
| litigation = 11 years
}}

The '''Colour TV case'''<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Colour-TV-scam-High-Court-upholds-acquittal-of-Jayalalithaa/article16876085.ece|title=Colour TV scam: High Court upholds acquittal of Jayalalithaa|last=PTI|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=2017-02-23|language=en}}</ref> was a legal case against [[Jayalalithaa|J. Jayalalithaa]], the late [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]], a state in [[South India]] from 1991–1996. J.Jayalalithaa, her associate [[V. K. Sassikala|VK Sassikala]], and her ministerial colleague [[T. M. Selvaganapathy]] were charged with misusing their office to buy colour televisions at a higher price than quoted, then receiving substantial kickbacks. Jayalalithaa, Sasikala, and seven others were arrested and remanded to judicial custody on 7 December 1998. The case and [[chargesheet]] were filed during the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (DMK) government headed by [[M. Karunanidhi]] in 1998. On 30 May 2000, Jayalalithaa and Sasikala were acquitted while a lower court convicted Selvaganapathy and six others and sentenced them to five years of rigorous imprisonment with a fine of {{INR}}10,000 ({{USD|{{To USD round|10000|IND|year=2002|1}}|link=yes}}). It was one of the first instances where an ex-chief minister was arrested and sent to jail and one of the earliest examples of the conviction of a [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]] in a corruption case. Selvaganapathy was a member of [[Parliament]] from the [[Tiruchengode (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tiruchengode constituency]] in [[Lok Sabha]] at the time of the verdict.

The [[Madras High Court]] acquitted Jayalalithaa and all others who were convicted in the case on 4 December 2001.

==Background==

[[Jayalalithaa Jayaram|Jayalalithaa]] was an Indian politician and four-time Chief Minister of [[Tamil Nadu]] from 1991–1996, 2002–06, 2011–14, and 2015–2016 from the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/AIADMK-power-struggle-Movers-and-shakers/article17284628.ece|title=AIADMK power struggle: Movers and shakers|last=Desk|first=Internet|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=2017-02-23|language=en}}</ref> (AIADMK) party. During her first tenure as Chief Minister, there were irregularities about the purchase of 45,000 colour television sets for village panchayats, which cost {{INR}}10.16 crores ({{USD|{{To USD round|101600000|IND|year=2002|4}}}}). The ruling [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] government, headed by [[M. Karunanidhi|Muthuvel Karunanidhi]], filed a case in 1996 and a [[chargesheet]] in 1998. Jayalalithaa was arrested on 7 December 1996 and was remanded to judicial custody in connection with the case. The investigation alleged that the amount acquired through the TV dealers was routed in the form of cheques to a relative of Sasikala who had quoted Jayalalithaa's residence as her own.<ref>[[#CITEREFGhosh1997|Ghosh]], p. 321</ref> She had filed an anticipatory bail in the trial court earlier, which was rejected on 7 December 1996. Around 2,500 party men gathered around her residence to block her arrest despite the cordon set by the [[Tamil Nadu Police]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Booty queen|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/jayalalitha-arrest-reveals-systematic-loot-of-public-money-puts-political-future-at-risk/1/282843.html|date=31 December 1998|accessdate=3 November 2015|publisher=India Today|last1=Menon|first1=Amarnath K.|last2=G.C.|first2=Shekar}}</ref>

On 14 May 1998, a special court framed charges against the eleven accused in the case, namely the following: Jayalalithaa, her aide [[Sasikala Natarajan|Sasikala]], the Rural Affairs minister Selvaganapathy, the Chief Secretary N. Haribaskar, the state Rural Development Secretary H. M. Pandey, the former Rural Development Director M. Satyamurthy, PA Jarnathanan, and the minister's secretary and contractors, Doraisamy and Muthukumarasamy. The judge, Radhakrishnan, noted that there was enough evidence to frame the charges and dismissed the petition filed by Jayalalithaa and seven others to acquit them from the case. The Criminal Intelligence Division (CID) of Tamil Nadu, which handled the case, argued that the purchase of 45,302 colour television sets for [[Panchayat]] community centres across the state during the regime of Jayalalithaa was corrupt. The judge framed charges under [[Indian Penal Code]] (IPC) sections 120(b) of the [[Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988|Prevention of Corruption Act]] and sections 109 and 409. The chargesheet quoted that the television sets were priced {{INR}}14,500 ({{USD|{{To USD round|14500|IND|year=2002|sf=3}}}}) against a market price of {{INR}}12,000 ({{USD|{{To USD round|12000|IND|year=2002|sf=3}}}}), creating a loss to the state exchequer. Baskaran, a relative of Sasikala, was later included in the case.<ref name=rediff/>

==Trial==
The trial of the case began in a special court on 28 December 1998. Around 80 witnesses from the prosecution side and two from the defence side were examined. The special court convicted seven of the nine accused of criminal conspiracy on 30 May 2000, under section 120-B of the [[Indian Penal Code]] and sentenced them to five years of rigorous imprisonment and a fine of {{INR}}10,000 ({{USD|{{To USD round|10000|IND|year=2002|1}}}}). The seven convicts were then-Rural Affairs minister Selvaganapathy, the minister, Chief Secretary N Haribaskar, state Rural Development Secretary H M Pandey, former Rural Development Director M Satyamurthy, PA Jarnathanan, the minister's PA, and two contractors, Doraisamy and Muthukumarasamy. The seven sentenced by the court were moved to [[Vellore Central Prison]] that same evening. Jayalalithaa, Sasikala, and Sasikala's relative Baskaran were acquitted, as the accusations against them were not proven beyond doubt.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jayalalitha acquitted in colour TV scam|url=http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/20000531/ina31026.html|publisher=The Indian Express|date=21 August 2009|work=Press Trust of India|accessdate=1 January 2014|location=Chennai|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140217192259/http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/20000531/ina31026.html|archive-date=17 February 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> The judge stated in his verdict that "Ms. Jayalalithaa had no role in the conspiracy; even if it is presumed that there was violation of the financial code, it is not enough to show that she had participated in the conspiracy".<ref>{{cite news|title=Jayalalithaa acquitted in colour TV case|url=http://www.hindu.com/2000/05/31/stories/01310005.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223034429/http://www.hindu.com/2000/05/31/stories/01310005.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 February 2014|date=30 May 2000|accessdate=1 January 2014|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai}}</ref> Selvaganapathy, who was a member of Parliament at the time of the verdict, was banned from Parliament after the verdict.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jayalalitha acquitted in TV scam case|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/769537.stm|date=30 May 2000|accessdate=1 January 2014|location=Chennai|publisher=BBC|last=T.N.|first=Gopalan}}</ref>

The state government appealed against the acquittal of Jayalalithaa from the case. On 5 May 2000, the Supreme Court asked the High Court to give more time to Jayalalithaa to examine the defence witness, based on the Special Leave Petition filed by her in the Supreme Court.<ref name=rediff2/> The appeal of the state government was quashed by the Madras High Court on 21 August 2009. The court also acquitted the five-year sentence of the seven convicted by the lower court.<ref>{{cite news|title=Colour TV scam: High Court upholds acquittal of Jayalalithaa|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/colour-tv-scam-high-court-upholds-acquittal-of-jayalalithaa/article6955.ece|publisher=The Hindu|date=21 August 2009|work=Press Trust of India|accessdate=1 January 2014|location=Chennai}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Madras HC upholds acquittal of Jayalalitha in TV scam|url=http://zeenews.india.com/home/madras-hc-upholds-acquittal-of-jayalalitha-in-tv-scam_557310.html|date=22 August 2009|publisher=Zee News|accessdate=1 January 2014}}</ref>

==Political implications==
This case was one of the first incidents where an ex-chief minister was arrested and sent to jail. It was also one of the earliest instances of the conviction of a member of Parliament in a corruption case, as Selvaganapathy was an MP in the [[Lok Sabha]] at the time of the verdict. While Jayalalithaa was in jail for 30 days, her residence at Poes Gardens in [[Chennai]] was raided. [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]], a channel run by Karunanidhi's nephew, was allowed to videotape the raid, creating a huge controversy. The channel showed large amounts of jewellery and personal assets of Jayalalithaa, resulting in a wide political debate.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jaya regime colour TV scam case: Madras HC acquits all|url=http://www.asiantribune.com/node/22194|date=22 August 2009|publisher=Asian Tribune|accessdate=1 January 2014}}</ref>

==Timeline==
* '''7 December 1996''' – The court rejected anticipatory bail and Jayalalithaa arrested in the case and was sent to judicial custody.
* '''14 May 1998''' – Chargesheet filed against Jayalalithaa, Sasikala, the then Rural Affairs minister Selvaganapathy, the then Chief Secretary N Haribaskar, the then state Rural Development Secretary H M Pandey, the then former Rural Development Director M Satyamurthy, PA Jarnathanan, the then minister's secretary and contractors, Doraisamy and Muthukumarasamy.<ref name=rediff>{{cite news|title=Charges framed against Jaya, 10 others in colour TV scam|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1998/may/14jayatv.htm|date=14 May 1998|accessdate=3 November 2015|publisher=Rediff}}</ref>
* '''28 December 1998''' – The trial of the case started in the special court.<ref name=rediff1>{{cite news|title=Jayalalitha acquitted in colour TV scam case|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2000/may/30jaya.htm|date=30 May 2000|accessdate=3 November 2015|publisher=Rediff}}</ref>
* '''5 May 2000''' – The Supreme Court asked the High Court to give Jayalalithaa more time to examine the defence witness.<ref name=rediff2>{{cite news|title=SC reprieve for Jaya in colour TV scam|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2000/may/05jaya.htm|date=5 May 2000|accessdate=3 November 2015|publisher=Rediff}}</ref>
* '''29 May 2000''' – Jayalalithaa and Sasikala were acquitted, and the other seven received five years of rigorous imprisonment and a fine of {{INR}}10,000 ({{USD|{{To USD round|10000|IND|year=2002|1}}}}).
* '''21 August 2009''' – The High Court upheld the order of the lower court acquitting Jayalalithaa, Sasikala and Baskaran, while also acquitting all others.

== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=20em}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin|2}}
* {{cite book|title=Indian Democracy Derailed Politics and Politicians|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RGyO0E86X1oC&dq=jayalalitha+colour+tv&pg=PA321|last=Ghosh|first=Srikanta|publisher=APH Publishing|year=1997|isbn=9788170248668|work=Law Research Institute, Calcutta}}
* {{cite book|title= Our administration|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RfdtUUnVQLQC&dq=jayalalitha+%2B+SAF+games&pg=PA47|last=K.C.|first=Brahmachary|publisher=Mittal Publications|year=2004|isbn=9788170999164|ref=K.C.}}
{{refend}}

[[Category:Jayalalithaa]]
[[Category:Corruption in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:2011 in Indian politics]]
[[Category:1990s in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Political corruption in India]]
[[Category:Crime in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Law enforcement operations in India]]