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Ram Asrey Singh Kushwaha

2023-10-05T17:59:38Z

Snixtrrr: Created page with ''''Ram Asrey Singh Kushwaha''' is an Indian politician based in Uttar Pradesh, who was elected to 13th Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly via 1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly elections from Sarsaul Assembly constituency. He was a member of Bahujan Samaj Party then. Kushwaha has also served as an office bearer of 'Kushwaha Kalyan Parishad', an organisation working for the Other Backward Class. In later part of his political career, he join...'

{{Short description|Indian politician from Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|image=File:Ram Asrey Singh Kushwaha.jpg
| office = Member of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
|constituency=Sarsaul Assembly constituency
|term_start=1997
|term_end=2002
| nationality = [[India]]n
| party = [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] [[Samajwadi Party]]
| birth_date = 5 February 1953
|spouse=Sarala Singh
|birth_place= Kanpur Nagar, Uttar Pradesh
}}
'''Ram Asrey Singh Kushwaha''' is an Indian politician based in [[Uttar Pradesh]], who was elected to 13th Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly via [[1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly elections]] from Sarsaul Assembly constituency. He was a member of [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] then. Kushwaha has also served as an office bearer of 'Kushwaha Kalyan Parishad', an organisation working for the [[Other Backward Class]]. In later part of his political career, he joined [[Samajwadi Party]] and served as its National General Secretary.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ram-asrey-kushwaha-removed-as-sp-national-general-secretary/articleshow/23371493.cms|title=Ram Asrey Singh Kushwaha removed as SP National Secretary|website=The Economic Times|accessdate=4 October 2023|archive-date=4 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004165926/https://m.economictimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ram-asrey-kushwaha-removed-as-sp-national-general-secretary/articleshow/23371493.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/metro/lucknow/politics/sp-sacks-ram-asrey-kushwaha-as-cabinate-minister/articleshow/23466996.cms|title=राम आसरे कुशवाहा से कैबिनेट मंत्री का दर्जा भी छिना|website=Navbharat Times|accessdate=4 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Members |url=https://uplegisassembly.gov.in/Members/main_members_en.aspx#/partyWiseMLA/3/13 |website=[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] |access-date=2023-10-04 |archive-date=2023-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507013400/https://uplegisassembly.gov.in/Members/main_members_en.aspx#/partyWiseMLA/3/13 |url-status=live }}</ref> He also held the position of Uttar Pradesh Remote Sensing Centre based in Lucknow, which has similar status to the Minister of State in Government of Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/lucknow/kushwaha-expelled-from-the-sp|title=Kushwaha expelled from SP|language=Hindi|website=Amar Ujala|accessdate=4 October 2023}}</ref>

==Political career==
Ram Asrey Singh Kushwaha was born on 5 February 1953 to M.L Singh in Kanpur Nagar district of Uttar Pradesh in an [[Other Backward Class]] [[Kushwaha]] family. He is a [[doctorate]] and also holds a master's degree in Commerce. He was married to Sarala Singh on 24 June 1974. They had one son and a daughter from their marriage. Kushwaha was involved in [[pedagogy]], before joining politics. His political career got a boost with his election to Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly in mid term elections of 1996 from Sarsaul Assembly constituency on the ticket of Bahujan Samaj Party.<ref name=up>{{cite web|url=https://uplegisassembly.gov.in/Members/pdfs/13th_vs_sadashya_parichay.pdf#page=269|title=13th Vidhan Sabha members|website=Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|accessdate=20 September 2023|archive-date=16 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816063628/http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/Members/pdfs/13th_vs_sadashya_parichay.pdf#page=269|url-status=live}}</ref>

Kushwaha was also active in social service and promoted art and literature. He was a president of Uttar Pradesh Kala Manch, which worked for promotion of art and culture. In 1986, he became the president of 'Kushwaha Kalyan Parishad', a caste organisation. Between 1997-98, he held the chair of Committee for Schedule Castes, Schedule Tribes and Denotified Tribes in Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly. On 27 October 1997, he was appointed as Minister for welfare of Schedule Castes and Schedule Tribes in [[Kalyan Singh]] ministry.<ref name=up/>

He got 52,776 votes in 1996 Assembly elections and defeated Jagram Singh of [[Samajwadi Party]].<ref name=up/> In 2013, Samajwadi Party entrusted him with the task of connecting people belonging to [[Kushwaha]] caste with the party, which was traditionally considered as a votebank of [[Bahujan Samaj Party]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/shahjahanpur-10502131.html|title=Third front wil be formed|website=Dainik Jagran|accessdate=5 October 2023}}</ref> Kushwaha was also made National General Secretary of the party but removed from the post in October 2013 for giving irresponsible statements in the media causing embarrassment for the party.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/politics/national/kushwaha-removed-sp-national-general-secretary-12883.html|title=Kushwaha removed as national General Secretary of Samajwadi Party|website=India TV news|accessdate=5 October 2023|archive-date=28 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228201015/http://www.indiatvnews.com/politics/national/kushwaha-removed-sp-national-general-secretary-12883.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1997–2002]]
[[Category:People from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Bahujan Samaj Party politicians]]
[[Category:Samajwadi Party politicians]]
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:People from Kanpur Nagar district]]

Suman Devi Kushwaha

2023-10-04T17:33:02Z

Snixtrrr: Created page with ''''Suman Devi Kushwaha''' is an Indian politician based in Uttar Pradesh. She was elected to Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly in 2009 via a by-election conducted in Lalitpur Assembly constituency after death of her husband Nathu Ram Kushwaha. She, like her husband was elected to Legislative Assembly as a candidate of Bahujan Samaj Party.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/lalitpur-here-heading-in-english-for-story8268223-...'

'''Suman Devi Kushwaha''' is an Indian politician based in [[Uttar Pradesh]]. She was elected to 15th Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly in 2009 via a by-election conducted in Lalitpur Assembly constituency after death of her husband [[Nathu Ram Kushwaha]]. She, like her husband was elected to Legislative Assembly as a candidate of [[Bahujan Samaj Party]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/lalitpur-here-heading-in-english-for-story8268223-8268223.html|title=बसपा ने जिले में किया एक और धमाका|website=[[Dainik Jagran]]|accessdate=4 October 2023}}</ref><ref name=UP>{{cite web|url=https://uplegisassembly.gov.in/Members/pdfs/15th_vs_sadashya_parichay.pdf#page=502|title=15th Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|website=Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|accessdate=24 September 2023|archive-date=22 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822083124/https://uplegisassembly.gov.in/Members/pdfs/15th_vs_sadashya_parichay.pdf#page=502|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2007–2012]]
[[Category:People from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Bahujan Samaj Party politicians]]

Babu Lal Kushwaha

2023-10-03T18:38:52Z

Snixtrrr: Created page with ''''Babu Lal Kushwaha''' was an Indian politician based in Uttar Pradesh, who served as member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly twice. Kushwaha was a member of Bahujan Samaj Party and a minister in Government of Uttar Pradesh in Bahujan Samaj Party government. He was elected from Naraini Assembly constituency in 1996 Assembly elections and from Banda Assembly constituency in 2002 Assembly el...'

{{Short description|Former minister in Government of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Distinguish|Babu Singh Kushwaha}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|image=File:Babu Lal Kushwaha.jpg
| image_upright = .6
| office = Member of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
|constituency=[[Naraini Assembly constituency]]
|office1=Member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly
|constituency1=[[Banda, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency]]
|term_start=1997
|term_end=2002
|term_start1=2002
|term_end1=2007
| nationality = [[India]]n
| party = [[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
| birth_date = 2 June 1941
|spouse=Kaushalya Devi
|birth_place= [[Banda district]], Uttar Pradesh
}}
'''Babu Lal Kushwaha''' was an Indian politician based in [[Uttar Pradesh]], who served as member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly twice. Kushwaha was a member of [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] and a minister in [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]] in Bahujan Samaj Party government. He was elected from [[Naraini Assembly constituency]] in 1996 Assembly elections and from [[Banda, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Banda Assembly constituency]] in 2002 Assembly elections.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oneindia.com/naraini-assembly-elections-up-234/|title=Election Results Naraini Assembly constituency|website=One India|accessdate=1 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oneindia.com/banda-assembly-elections-up-235/|title=Banda Assembly constituency Election result|website=One India|accessdate=1 October 2023}}</ref>

==Life and political career==
Babu Lal Kushwaha was born on 2 June 1941 to Basudev Kushwaha in a village called Chaktakuli in [[Banda district]] of Uttar Pradesh. He completed his bachelor's degree in Arts and then pursued another bachelor's degree in law. He married Kaushalya Devi in 1958. They had seven sons from the marriage. Kushwaha was a practicing lawyer and an agriculturist, prior to beginning his political career with the Bahujan Samaj Party.<ref name=UP1>{{cite web|url=https://uplegisassembly.gov.in/Members/pdfs/14th_vs_sadashya_parichay.pdf#page=543|title=14th Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|website=Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|accessdate=24 September 2023|archive-date=21 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821062438/http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/Members/pdfs/14th_vs_sadashya_parichay.pdf#page=543|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=UP2>{{cite web|url=https://uplegisassembly.gov.in/Members/pdfs/13th_vs_sadashya_parichay.pdf#page=253|title=13th Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|website=Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|accessdate=1 October 2023}}</ref>

He was given ticket for the first time by party in mid-term elections held in October–November 1996. In this election he defeated Surendra Pal Verma of [[Samajwadi Party]]. He got 45,173 votes to secure victory against Verma. He had contested in this election from [[Naraini Assembly constituency]] of [[Banda district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. From 27 March 1997 to 19 October 1997, he was made a minister of state with independent charges in Bahujan Samaj Party government. He assumed the charges of Handloom, Silk Industry and Regional Development ministries. Between 2000 and 2001, he also served as a member of Committee on Public Undertaking of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly.<ref name=UP1/><ref name=UP2/>

In 2002, he ran for the state assembly elections for the second time. He defeated Jamuna Prasad Bose of Samajwadi Party in this election by securing 36,748 votes.<ref name=UP1/><ref name=UP2/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2002–2007]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1997–2002]]
[[Category:People from Banda district, India]]
[[Category:Bahujan Samaj Party politicians]]
[[Category:People from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:1941 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Nathu Ram Kushwaha

2023-10-01T13:10:12Z

Snixtrrr: Created page with ''''Nathu Ram Kushwaha''' was an Indian politician based in Uttar Pradesh, who served as member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly in the 15th Uttar Pradesh Assembly. He was a member of Bahujan Samaj Party and was elected to Uttar Pradesh Legislature via 2007 Assembly elections.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.myneta.info/up2007/candidate.php?candidate_id=613|title=candidate info Nathuram Kushwaha|accessdate=28 September 2023|website=Myneta}}</...'

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|image=File:Nathu Ram Kushwaha.jpg
| office = Member of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
|constituency=[[Lalitpur Assembly constituency]]
|term_start=2007
|term_end=2009
| nationality = [[India]]n
| party = [[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
| birth_date = 1 January 1947
|spouse=[[Suman Devi Kushwaha]]
|birth_place= Uttar Pradesh
}}
'''Nathu Ram Kushwaha''' was an Indian politician based in [[Uttar Pradesh]], who served as member of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] in the 15th Uttar Pradesh Assembly. He was a member of [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] and was elected to Uttar Pradesh Legislature via 2007 Assembly elections. Kushwaha was an engineer, prior to becoming a politician and he was popularly known as Engineer Nathu Ram Kushwaha in political circle.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.myneta.info/up2007/candidate.php?candidate_id=613|title=Candidate info Nathuram Kushwaha|accessdate=28 September 2023|website=Myneta}}</ref>

==Life and political career==
Nathu Ram Kushwaha was born to Shri Hari Kishan on 1 January 1947, in Narayanpur (Jalaun) village of [[Lalitpur district]] of Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. As per his election affidavit submitted to [[Election Commission of India]], he was a member of [[Kachhi (caste)|Kachhi caste]] of the broader [[Kushwaha]] community. He took diploma in civil engineering and married Suman Kushwaha on 5 May 1972. They had two sons and a daughter from the marriage.<ref name=UP>{{cite web|url=https://uplegisassembly.gov.in/Members/pdfs/15th_vs_sadashya_parichay.pdf#page=502|title=15th Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|website=Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|accessdate=24 September 2023|archive-date=22 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822083124/https://uplegisassembly.gov.in/Members/pdfs/15th_vs_sadashya_parichay.pdf#page=502|url-status=live}}</ref>

He contested the 2007 Assembly elections to Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly on the symbol of [[Bahujan Samaj Party]]. In this election, he got 42.48 percent of votes polled and defeated his nearest political rival Virendra Singh Bundela. Kushwaha secured 78,010 votes. Between 2008 and 2009, he served as a member of Committee on Rules of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly.<ref name=UP/>

He died prematurely on 21 July 2009 and consequently his seat in Assembly became vacant. A bypoll was concluded after his death and [[Suman Devi Kushwaha]] emerged victorious in these polls to become the new Member of Legislative Assembly from the Lalitpur constituency.<ref name=UP/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kushwaha, Nathu Ram}}
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2007–2012]]
[[Category:People from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Lalitpur district, India]]
[[Category:Bahujan Samaj Party politicians]]
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:2009 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Jalaun district]]

Manu Bhaker

2023-10-01T07:14:59Z

Snixtrrr: Cleaned up

{{short description|Indian sport shooter}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Manu Bhaker
| image = File:Manu Bhaker, Indian shooting sportsperson.jpg
| caption = Bhaker at the [[ISSF Junior World Cup]] in Sydney, 2018
| birth_date = {{Birth-date and age| 18 February 2002}}
| birth_place = Goria, [[Jhajjar district]], Haryana, India
| education = BA 2 nd Year
| alma_mater =
| sport = [[Shooting sports|Shooting]]
|hight = 168 cm
| weight = 60 kg
| medaltemplates = {{Medal|Country| {{IND}}}}
{{MedalSport| Women's [[Shooting sports|shooting]]}}
{{MedalCount | total = yes
| [[ISSF World Cup|World Cup]] | 9 | 2 | 0
| [[Youth Olympic Games]] | 1 | 1 | 0
| [[ISSF Junior World Championships]] | 4 | 0 | 1
| [[Commonwealth Games]] | 1 | 0 | 0
}}
{{Medal|Competition | [[ISSF World Shooting Championships|World Championships]] }}
{{MedalGold|[[2023 ISSF World Shooting Championships|2023 Baku]]|{{nowrap|25 m pistol team}}}}
{{Medal|Silver| [[2022 ISSF World Shooting Championships|2022 Cairo]] | 25 m pistol team }}
{{MedalCompetition|[[ISSF World Cup]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[ISSF World Cup|2019 Putian China]]|[[ISSF World Cup|10m air pistol]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[ISSF World Cup|2019 Putian China]]|[[ISSF World Cup|10m air pistol mixed team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[ISSF World Cup]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[ISSF World Cup|2018 Guadalajara]]|[[ISSF World Cup|10 m air pistol]]}}
{{MedalGold| [[2018 ISSF World Cup|2018 Guadalajara]]|[[ISSF World Cup|10 m air pistol mixed team]]}}
{{MedalGold| [[2019 ISSF World Cup|2019 New Delhi]]|[[ISSF World Cup|10 m air pistol mixed team]]}}
{{MedalGold| [[2019 ISSF World Cup|2019 Beijing]]|[[ISSF World Cup|10m air pistol mixed team]]}}
{{MedalGold| [[2019 ISSF World Cup|2019 Munich]]|[[ISSF World Cup|10m air pistol mixed team]]}}
{{MedalGold| [[2019 ISSF World Cup|2019 Rio de Janeiro]]|[[ISSF World Cup|10m air pistol mixed team]]}}
{{MedalGold| [[2021 ISSF World Cup|2021 New Delhi]]|[[ISSF World Cup|10 m air pistol mixed team]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2021 ISSF World Cup|2021 New Delhi]]|[[ISSF World Cup|10m air pistol]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2021 ISSF World Cup|2021 Osijek]]|[[ISSF World Cup|10m air pistol mixed team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Shooting Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold| [[2019 Asian Shooting Championships|2019 Doha]]|[[2019 Asian Shooting Championships|10 m air pistol]]}}
{{MedalGold| [[2019 Asian Shooting Championships|2019 Doha]]|[[2019 Asian Shooting Championships|10 m air pistol mixed team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Shooting Championships|Asian Airgun Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2019 Asian Airgun Championships|2019 Taoyuan Taiwan]]|[[2019 Asian Airgun Championships|10m air pistol]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2019 Asian Airgun Championships|2019 Taoyuan Taiwan]]|[[2019 Asian Airgun Championships|Mixed team 10m air pistol]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Commonwealth games]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2018 Commonwealth Games|2018 Goldcoast]]|[[Shooting at the 2018 Commonwealth Games|10 m air pistol]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Youth Olympic Games]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2018 Summer Youth Olympics|2018 Buenos Aires]]|[[Shooting at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics – Girls' 10 metre air pistol|10 m air pistol]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2018 Summer Youth Olympics|2018 Buenos Aires]]|[[Shooting at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics – Mixed 10 metre air pistol|10 m air pistol mixed team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[ISSF Junior World Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2021 ISSF Junior World Championships|2021 Lima]]|10 m air pistol}}
{{MedalGold|[[2021 ISSF Junior World Championships|2021 Lima]]|10 m air pistol team}}
{{MedalGold|[[2021 ISSF Junior World Championships|2021 Lima]]|10 m air pistol mixed team}}
{{MedalGold|[[2021 ISSF Junior World Championships|2021 Lima]]|25 m air pistol team}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2021 ISSF Junior World Championships|2021 Lima]]|25 m air pistol}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[ISSF Junior World Cup]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[ISSF Junior World Cup|2018 Sydney]]|[[ISSF Junior World Cup|10m air pistol]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[ISSF Junior World Cup|2018 Suhl]]|[[ISSF Senior World Cup|10m air pistol]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[ISSF Junior World Cup|2018Sydney]]|[[2018 ISSF Junior World Cup|Mixed team 10m air pistol]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[ISSF Junior World Cup|2018 Suhl]]|[[2018 ISSF Junior World Cup|Mixed team 10m air pistol]]}}
{{MedalCompetition | [[Shooting at the Summer Universiade|World University Games]] }}
{{MedalGold | [[Shooting at the 2021 Summer World University Games|2021 Chengdu]] | 10 m air pistol }}
{{MedalGold | 2021 Chengdu | 10 m air pistol team}}
}}

'''Manu Bhaker''' is an [[India]]n Olympian who competes at [[Shooting sports|shooting]]. She represented India at the 2018 [[ISSF World Cup]] and won two gold medals. She is the youngest Indian to win a gold medal at the ISSF World Cup.<ref name=timesofindia/> She won the gold medal in women's 10 m air pistol event at [[2018 Commonwealth Games]] just at the age of 16 in her maiden Commonwealth Games appearance.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/08/sport/16-year-old-manu-bhaker-wins-shooting-gold/index.html|title=16-year-old breaks Commonwealth Games record to win shooting gold for India|first=Chris |last=Scott|date=8 April 2018|work=CNN|access-date=9 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Selvaraj |first1=Jonathan |title=Bindra: Manu's talented but it will get tougher for her |url=https://www.espn.in/commonwealth-games/story/_/id/23074321/manu-bhaker-talented-get-tougher-her |access-date=9 April 2018 |work=ESPN |date=8 April 2018 |language=en}}</ref> She won the team gold for India in the women’s 25m pistol team event at the [[Asian Games]], along with [[Esha Singh]] and [[Rhythm Sangwan]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Philem Dipak |date=2023-09-27 |title=Asian Games: Indian trio bags gold in women's 25m pistol event |url=https://theprint.in/sport/indian-trio-shoots-gold-in-womens-25m-pistol-event/1779659/ |access-date=2023-09-27 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Early life==
She is from Goria village in the Haryana district of Jhajjar.
Her father, Ram Kishan Bhaker, works as a chief engineer in the Merchant Navy. Until the age of 14 Manu Bhaker excelled in other sports like [[Huyen langlon]], a [[Manipur]]i martial art, as well as boxing, tennis and skating, winning medals at the national games in these events.<ref name="indianexpress">{{Cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/manu-jack-of-all-trades-but-master-of-one-wins-25m-pistol-gold-at-world-cup-5087354/ |title=Manu Bhaker, jack of all trades but master of one, wins 10m pistol gold medal at World Cup |date=6 March 2018 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=10 March 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Career==
With an investment of [[Indian rupee|₹]]150000 by her father,<ref name=indianexpress/> Bhaker decided to take up competitive shooting. She first tasted success at the international level when she won the silver medal at the 2017 Asian Junior Championships. In the 2017 National games held at [[Kerala]], Bhaker won nine gold medals<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/shooting/manu-bhaker-picks-up-ninth-gold-at-national-shooting-championship/articleshow/62232988.cms |title=Manu Bhaker picks up ninth gold at National Shooting Championship |last=PTI |date=24 December 2017 |work=The Times of India |access-date=30 March 2018}}</ref> and defeated multiple World Cup medalist [[Heena Sidhu]] and broke Sidhu's record of 240.8 points, scoring 242.3 points in the final.<ref name=indianexpress/>

In the 2018 [[International Shooting Sport Federation]] World Cup held at [[Guadalajara, Mexico]]. Bhaker won the gold medal in the Women's 10-meter air pistol, defeating Mexico's [[Alejandra Zavala]], a two-time champion. Bhaker scored 237.5 the final match against Zavalaa, who scored 237.1.<ref name=Hindustan>{{Cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/other-sports/manu-bhaker-wins-second-gold-medal-at-issf-shooting-world-cup/story-lcTRTB2sHACGPtjqt9escN.html |title=Manu Bhaker, 16-year-old from Haryana, wins 2nd gold at ISSF shooting World Cup |date=6 March 2018 |access-date=10 March 2018 |language=en |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> By winning the gold medal at age 16, Bhaker became the youngest Indian to win a gold medal at the World Cup.<ref name=timesofindia>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/shooting/haryana-shooter-creates-history-is-youngest-indian-to-win-world-cup-gold/articleshow/63177915.cms |title=Haryana shooter creates history, is youngest Indian to win World Cup gold |last=Dutt |first=Tushar |date=6 March 2018 |work=The Times of India |access-date=10 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/sports/who-is-manu-bhaker-meet-16-year-old-indian-shooter-who-created-history-by-winning-second-gold-in-world-cup/1088762/|title=Who is Manu Bhaker? Meet 16-year-old Indian shooter who created history by winning second gold in World Cup|date=6 March 2018|work=The Financial Express|access-date=16 March 2018|language=en-US}}</ref>

Bhaker won her second gold medal at the World Cup in the 10-meter Air Pistol mixed team event. She was paired with fellow countrymen [[Om Prakash Mitharval]]. The pair shot a score of 476.1 points, defeating Sandra Reitz and [[Christian Reitz]] who scored 475.2.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/indias-gold-rush-continues-as-manu-bhaker-om-prakash-mitharval-finish-first-in-10m-air-pistol-mixed-team-final-5087511/ |title=India's gold rush continues as Manu Bhaker, Om Prakash Mitharval finish first in 10m Air Pistol mixed team final |date=6 March 2018 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=10 March 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/other-sports/story/issf-world-cup-16-year-old-manu-bhaker-wins-gold-in-women-s-pistol-event-1182045-2018-03-05 |title=ISSF World Cup: 16-year-old Manu Bhaker wins gold in women's pistol event |date=5 March 2018 |access-date=10 March 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/shooting/manu-bhaker-shoots-gold-in-womens-10m-air-pistol/articleshow/63164986.cms |title=Manu Bhaker shoots gold in Women's 10m Air Pistol |date=5 March 2018 |work=The Times of India |access-date=6 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/shooting/manu-bhaker-wins-second-gold-at-shooting-world-cup/articleshow/63179862.cms |title=Manu Bhaker wins second gold at Shooting World Cup |date=7 March 2018 |work=The Times of India |access-date=6 March 2018}}</ref>

Bhaker scored 388/400 points at [[2018 Commonwealth Games]] in women's 10m air pistol qualifying round and qualified for the finals. In the final round of the women's 10m air pistol event during the Gold Coast Commonwealth Games, she secured the gold medal with setting a new Commonwealth Games record of 240.9 points.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/commonwealth-games/cwg-2018-on-debut-teenaged-manu-bhaker-shoots-gold-heena-sindhu-silver/articleshow/63663573.cms |title=CWG 2018: On debut, teenaged Manu Bhaker shoots gold, Heena Sindhu silver |date=17 April 2018 |work=The Times of India |access-date=9 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/commonwealth-games-2018-superwomen-manu-bhaker-punam-yadav-manika-batra-lead-charge-as-india-end-day-4-on-a-high-4423111.html |title=Commonwealth Games 2018: Superwomen Manu Bhaker, Punam Yadav, Manika Batra lead charge as India end Day 4 on a high |first=G |last=Rajaraman |date=8 April 2018 |work=Firstpost |access-date=9 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Rao |first1=Santosh |title=Commonwealth Games 2018: Manu Bhaker, 16, Shatters Games Record To Clinch Gold, Heena Sidhu Bags Silver {{!}} Commonwealth Games News |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/commonwealth-games-2018/commonwealth-games-2018-manu-bhaker-16-shatters-games-record-to-clinch-gold-heena-sidhu-bags-silver-1834289 |access-date=9 April 2018 |work=NDTV |date=8 April 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

In [[2018 Asian Games]], she scored a game's record score of 593 in the qualification round of 25m Air pistol event. But she failed to win a medal there, as she finished 6th in the final. Eventually, her compatriot Rahi Sarnobat clinched the Gold in this event.

At the Youth Olympics 2018,
Manu Bhaker shot 236.5 to stand at the top of the points table in the women's 10m air pistol event. The Indian flag bearer at the opening ceremony of the Youth Olympics is also the World Cup and Commonwealth Games gold medalist. The 16-year-old Manu became the first shooter from India and the first female athlete from India to grab a gold medal at the Youth Olympic Games.

In February 2019 she won the gold medal in the 10m air pistol mixed team event at 2019 ISSF World Cup in Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sportsflashes.com/en/news/bhaker-chaudhry-end-world-cup-on-a-high-win-3rd-gold-for-india-/255053.html|title=Bhaker, Chaudhry end World Cup on a high; win 3rd Gold for India|last=Sharma|first=suposh|date=27 February 2019|website=Sports Flashes|language=en-IN|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/shooting/issf-world-cup-2019-manu-bhaker-saurabh-chaudhary-win-gold-in-10m-air-pistol-mixed-team-event-2000135|title=ISSF World Cup 2019: Manu Bhaker, Saurabh Chaudhary Win Gold in 10m Air Pistol Mixed Team Event {{!}} Shooting News|last=NDTVSports.com|website=NDTVSports.com|language=en|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref>

In May 2019 she qualified for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics in the 10m pistol event via a fourth place finish at the Munich ISSF World Cup. This came days after her pistol jammed in the finals of the 25m pistol event when she was leading, eventually forcing her to forfeit due to her gun not being able to fire.

In all the four Pistol & Rifle ISSF World Cups in 2019, she won the gold medal in the 10m air pistol mixed event with Saurabh Chaudhry as her partner, making the pair a strong contender for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=March 22, 2021 |title=Shooting World Cup: Manu Bhaker, Saurabh Chaudhary win gold for India in 10m Air Pistol mixed team event|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/other-sports/story/issf-world-cup-new-delhi-manu-bhaker-saurabh-chaudhary-10m-air-pistol-mixed-team-gold-1782214-2021-03-22|access-date=2021-07-19|magazine=India Today|language=en}}</ref>

==International career==
===Olympic Games===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!year
!Competition
!Venue
!Event
!Rank
!Score
|-
|rowspan=3|2020
|rowspan=3|[[2020 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]]
|rowspan=3|[[Tokyo]]
|[[Shooting at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's 10 metre air pistol|10m air pistol women]]
|12th
!Score:575
|-
|[[Shooting at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's 25 metre pistol|25m pistol women]]
|15th
!Score:582
|-
|[[Shooting at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Mixed 10 metre air pistol team|10m air pistol mixed team]]
|7th
!Stage 1: 582; Stage 2: 380
|}

===World Championship===
{| Class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Competition
!Venue
!Event
!Rank
!Score
|-
|rowspan=3|2018
|rowspan=3|[[ISSF World Championships]]
|rowspan=3|[[Changwon]]
|[[10 meter air pistol|10m air pistol women]]
|13th
!Score:574
|-
|[[10 meter air pistol|Mixed team 10m air pistol women]]
|12th
!Score:767
|-
|[[25 meter pistol|25m pistol women]]
|10th
!Score:584
|}

===Youth Olympics===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!year
!Competition
!Venue
!Event
!Rank
!Score
|-
|rowspan=2|2018
|rowspan=2|[[2018 Youth Olympic Games|Youth Olympic Games]]
|rowspan=2|[[Buenos Aires]]
|[[10 meter air pistol|10m air pistol women]]
|{{Gold01}}
!Score:576; Final:236.5
|-
|[[10 meter air pistol|Mixed team 10m air pistol]]
|{{Silver02}}
!score:751; Final:3
|}

===Junior World Championship===
{| Class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Competition
!Venue
!Event
!Rank
!Score
|-
|rowspan=3|[[2021 ISSF Junior World Championships|2021]]
|rowspan=3|[[ISSF Junior World Championships]]
|[[Lima]]
|[[10 meter air pistol|10m air pistol women]]
|{{gold01}}
!Score:574; Final:241.3
|-
|}

===Junior World Cup===
{| Class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Competition
!Venue
!Event
!Rank
!Score
|-
|rowspan=6|2018
|rowspan=6|[[2018 ISSF Junior World Cup|Junior World Cup]]
|rowspan=3|[[Sydney]]
|[[10-meter air pistol]] women
|{{Gold01}}
!Score:570; Final:235.9
|-
|[[10 meter air pistol|Mixed team 10m pistol air]]
|{{Gold01}}
!Score:770; Final:478.9
|-
|[[25 meter pistol|25m pistol women]]
|4th
!Score:574; Final:18
|-
|rowspan=3|[[Suhl]]
|[[10 meter air pistol|10m air pistol women]]
|{{Gold01}}
!Score:573; Final:242.5
|-
|[[25 meter pistol|25m pistol women]]
|5th
!Score:579; Final:19
|-
|[[10 meter air pistol|Mixed team 10m air pistol]]
|{{Silver02}}
!Score:766; Final:474.4
|}

==World Cup==
===10m air pistol Event===
{| Class="wikitable Sortable"
|-
!Year
!Competition
!Venue
!Event
!Rank
!Score
|-
|rowspan=1|2021
|[[2021 ISSF World Cup|ISSF World Cup]]
|[[New Delhi]]
|[[10 meter air pistol|10m air pistol women]]
|{{Silver02}}
!Score:577; Final:236.7
|-
|rowspan=4|2019
|[[2019 ISSF World Cup|ISSF World Cup]]
|[[Putian]]
|[[10 meter air pistol|10m air pistol women]]
|{{Gold01}}
!Score:578; Final:244.7
|-
|rowspan=3|[[2019 ISSF World Cup|ISSF World Cup]]
|[[Munich]]
|[[10 meter air pistol|10m air pistol women]]
|4th
!Score:582; Final:201.0
|-
|[[New Delhi]]
|[[10 meter air pistol|10m air pistol women]]
|14th
!Score:573
|-
|[[Beijing]]
|[[10 meter air pistol|10m air pistol women]]
|17th
!Score:575
|-
|rowspan=3|2018
|rowspan=3|[[2018 ISSF World Cup|ISSF World Cup]]
|[[Guadalajara]]
|[[10 meter air pistol|10m air pistol women]]
|{{Gold01}}
!Score:772; Final:337.5
|-
|[[Changwon]]
|[[10 meter air pistol|10m air pistol women]]
|30th
!Score:571
|-
|[[Munich]]
|[[10 meter air pistol|10m air pistol women]]
|47th
!Score:567
|}

===25m Pistol Event===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Competition
!Venue
!Event
!Rank
!Score
|-
|2018
|[[2018 ISSF World Cup|ISSF World Cup]]
|[[Guadalajara]]
|[[25 meter pistol|25m pistol women]]
|5th
!Score:581; Final:19
|-
|rowspan=3|2019
|rowspan=3|[[2019 ISSF World Cup|ISSF World Cup]]
|New Delhi
|[[25 meter pistol|25m pistol women]]
|5th
!Score:590; Final:22
|-
|[[Munich]]
|[[25 meter pistol|25m pistol women]]
|5th
!Score:585; Final:21
|-
|Beijing
|[[25 meter pistol|25m pistol women]]
|17th
!score:82
|}

===Mixed Team Event===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Competition
!Venue
!Event
!Rank
!Score
|-
|rowspan=1|2021
|[[2021 ISSF World Cup|ISSF World Cup]]
|[[New Delhi]]
|[[10 meter air pistol|Mixed 10m air pistol]]
|{{Gold01}}
!Score:384; Final:16
|-
|rowspan=4|2019
|[[2019 ISSF World Cup|ISSF World Cup Final]]
|[[Putian]]
|[[10 meter air pistol|Mixed 10m air pistol]]
|{{Gold01}}
!Score:387; Final:17
|-
|rowspan=3|[[2019 ISSF World Cup|ISSF World Cup]]
|[[New Delhi]]
|[[10 meter air pistol|Mixed 10m air pistol]]
|{{Gold01}}
!Score:778; Final:483.4
|-
|[[Beijing]]
|[[10 meter air pistol|Mixed 10m air pistol]]
|{{Gold01}}
!Score:482; Final:16
|-
|[[Munich]]
|[[10 meter air pistol|Mixed 10m air pistol]]
|{{Gold01}}
!Score:591; Final:17
|-
|rowspan=3|2018
|rowspan=3|[[2019 ISSF World Cup|ISSF World Cup]]
|[[Guadalajara]]
|[[10 meter air pistol|Mixed 10m air pistol]]
|{{Gold01}}
!Score:770; Final:476.1
|-
|[[Changwon]]
|[[10 meter air pistol|Mixed 10m air pistol]]
|4th
!Score:778; Final:378.6
|-
|[[Munich]]
|[[10 meter air pistol|Mixed 10m air pistol]]
|34th
!Score:758
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{ISSF |id=SHINDW1802200201}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhaker, Manu}}
[[Category:2002 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Jhajjar]]
[[Category:Indian female sport shooters]]
[[Category:Sport shooters from Haryana]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Haryana]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games gold medallists for India]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games medallists in shooting]]
[[Category:Shooters at the 2018 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Shooters at the 2018 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Shooters at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics]]
[[Category:Shooters at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games medalists in shooting]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Youth Olympic gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]
[[Category:Shooters at the 2020 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic shooters for India]]
[[Category:Medallists at the 2018 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2021 Summer Universiade]]
[[Category:FISU World University Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:Universiade medalists in shooting]]

Manu Bhaker

2023-10-01T07:14:59Z

Snixtrrr: Cleaned up

Dinanath Kushwaha

2023-10-01T04:40:12Z

Snixtrrr: Created page with ''''Dinanath Kushwaha''' is an Indian politician based in Uttar Pradesh, who served as member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly twice. He was elected to Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly in 2002 on the symbol of National Loktantrik Party. In 2007, he was re-elected to Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly, but this time, as a candidate of Samajwadi Party. Kushwaha represented Deoria Assembly constituency in Uttar Pradesh Legislature.<ref>{{cite...'

{{Short description|Former member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly.}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|image=File:Dinanath Kushwaha.jpg
| office = Member of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
|constituency=[[Deoria Assembly constituency]]
|term_start=2002
|term_end=2012
| nationality = [[India]]n
| party = [[Samajwadi Party]]
| birth_date = 4 April 1955
|spouse=Vimlavati Devi
|birth_place= [[Deoria district]], Uttar Pradesh
}}
'''Dinanath Kushwaha''' is an Indian politician based in [[Uttar Pradesh]], who served as member of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] twice. He was elected to Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly in 2002 on the symbol of [[National Loktantrik Party]]. In 2007, he was re-elected to Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly, but this time, as a candidate of [[Samajwadi Party]]. Kushwaha represented [[Deoria Assembly constituency]] in Uttar Pradesh Legislature.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/deoria-indeoria-by-election-bjp-broken-mith-21050498.html|title=Deoria constituency election history|website=Dainik Jagran|accessdate=28 September 2023}}</ref>

==Life and political career==
Dinanath Kushwaha was born to Nageswar Kushwaha on 4 April 1955 in Lahilapar (Ratanpura) village of Uttar Pradesh. After completing his bachelor's degree and another degree in bachelor of education, he got married on 21 May 1977 to Vimlavati Devi. They had one son and four daughters from this marriage. Prior to involving in active politics, he worked as an agriculturist. He started his political career from National Loktantrik Party and contested the 2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly elections. He was elected for the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly for the first time through these elections from Deoria Assembly constituency.<ref name=UP>{{cite web|url=https://uplegisassembly.gov.in/Members/pdfs/15th_vs_sadashya_parichay.pdf#page=502|title=15th Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|website=Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|accessdate=24 September 2023|archive-date=22 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822083124/https://uplegisassembly.gov.in/Members/pdfs/15th_vs_sadashya_parichay.pdf#page=502|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=UP1>{{cite web|url=https://uplegisassembly.gov.in/Members/pdfs/14th_vs_sadashya_parichay.pdf#page=543|title=14th Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|website=Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|accessdate=24 September 2023|archive-date=21 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821062438/http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/Members/pdfs/14th_vs_sadashya_parichay.pdf#page=543|url-status=live}}</ref>

In April-May 2007, he ran for the assembly elections for the second time, after completing his first term as M.L.A. He was victorious again in this election. Kushwaha had contested on the Symbol of [[Samajwadi Party]] this time. In 1980, he was charged under section 151 of [[Indian Penal Code]] due to his activism and was imprisoned in district prison of [[Deoria]]. In his second tenure, in 2007-08, he also served as a member of Public Accounts Committee of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly. In 2007 Assembly elections, he defeated Shri Kamlesh of [[Bahujan Samaj Party]].<ref name=UP/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kushwaha, Dinanath}}
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2002–2007]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2007–2012]]
[[Category:People from Deoria district]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Samajwadi Party politicians]]
[[Category:1955 births]]

PSLV-C47

2023-09-30T10:42:16Z

Snixtrrr: Added a new page about pslv c 47 mission

{{Short description|Polar Satelite Launch Vehicle mission by ISRO}}
{{Use American English|date=May 2020}}

{{Infobox rocket launch
| name = PSLV-C47
| rocket = PSLV-XL
| launch = {{Start date|2019|11|27|df=yes}}, 09:27:00 IST
| operator = [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]]
| pad = [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre|Sriharikota]] [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre Second Launch Pad|Second]]
| payload = [[Cartosat-3]] Meshbed<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fcc.report/ELS/Analytical-Space/1560-EX-ST-2019/236389.pdf|title=Meshbed Satellite Technical Description|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824142751/https://fcc.report/ELS/Analytical-Space/1560-EX-ST-2019/236389.pdf|archive-date=24 August 2019}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> SuperDoves × 12 ([[Planet Labs#Flock|Flock 4p]])
| outcome = Success
| succession = [[List of PSLV launches|PSLV launches]]
| previous = [[PSLV-C46]]
| next = [[PSLV-C48]]
}}

'''PSLV-C47''' was a mission of the Indian [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]] (PSLV) rocket, launched on Thursday, November 27, 2019, at 09:27 Hrs (IST) by the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO) from the [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre Second Launch Pad|second launch pad]] of the [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] at [[Sriharikota]], Andhra Pradesh.

The mission's main payload was [[Cartosat-3]], a mapping satellite. Cartosat-3 was injected into an orbit of 509 km at an inclination of 97.5-degree to the equator, 17 minutes and 38 seconds after lift-off.

==Launch==

[[File:PSLV C47 Cartosat-3 lifting off from Second Launch Pad 002.jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|right|PSLV-C47 lifting off from Second Launch Pad (SLP) with Cartosat-3.]]

The mission is the 74th mission from [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]], 49th flight of [[PSLV]], and 21st flight of the XL variant. The rocket launched from the [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre Second Launch Pad|second launch pad]] of the [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]]. The first engine burned for around 113 seconds, and then separated. This was followed by the ignition of Second stage, followed by Heat shield separation at 156 seconds. The second stage separated at 265 seconds, followed by ignition of third stage. Third stage separated at 493 seconds and fourth stage ignition began. At 16 minutes and 55 seconds, fourth stage cut off. The [[Cartosat-3]] satellite separated at 17 minutes and 42 seconds at an altitude of 515 km. The first customer satellite separated at 18 minutes and 22 seconds. The last one separated at 26 minutes and 50 seconds, at an altitude of 527 km.

The mission had Vikram 1601 processor, for first time, as navigation computer of launch vehicle. It was made by [[Semi-Conductor Laboratory]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theprint.in/india/isro-cartosat-most-complex-advanced-indian-satellite/326972/|title=Why ISRO's Cartosat-3 is most complex and advanced satellite India has built|first=Sandhya|last=Ramesh|date=2019-11-27|website=theprint.in|access-date=2019-11-28}}</ref> after being test flown in redundant configuration<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/update/22-may-2019/pslv-c46-successfully-launches-risat-2b|title=PSLV-C46 successfully launches RISAT-2B|publisher=ISRO|website=isro.gov.in|access-date=2019-11-28|archive-date=28 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528045558/https://www.isro.gov.in/update/22-may-2019/pslv-c46-successfully-launches-risat-2b|url-status=dead}}</ref> on PSLV C46 mission.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/launcher/pslv-c47-cartosat-3-mission|title=PSLV-C47 / Cartosat-3 Mission|publisher=ISRO|website=isro.gov.in|access-date=2019-11-18|archive-date=28 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128074359/https://www.isro.gov.in/launcher/pslv-c47-cartosat-3-mission|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/update/21-nov-2019/launch-of-pslv-c47-carrying-cartosat-3-scheduled-november-25-2019-0928-hrs |title=The launch of PSLV-C27 delayed|publisher=ISRO|access-date=21 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/update/27-nov-2019/press-release-pslv-c47-successfully-launches-cartosat-3-and-13-commercial|title=Press Release – PSLV-C47 successfully launches Cartosat-3 and 13 Commercial nanosatellites into Sun Synchronous Polar Orbit|publisher=ISRO|website=isro.gov.in|access-date=2019-11-28}}</ref>

==Payloads==

[[Cartosat-3]] is an advanced Indian [[Earth observation satellite|Earth Observation]] satellite by [[Indian Space Research Organisation]], which replaces the [[Indian Remote Sensing Satellite]] series. It's the 9th satellite of the Cartosat series. It has a panchromatic resolution of 0.25 metres making it one of the imaging satellite with highest resolution in the world at the time of launch and MX of 1 metre with a high quality resolution which is a major improvement from the previous payloads in the Cartosat series.

Cartosat-3 shared the ride with 13 commercial 3U [[CubeSat]]s including twelve SuperDoves (Flock-4p)<ref name="Planet">{{cite web|url=https://www.planet.com/pulse/12-superdove-satellites-hitching-a-ride-to-orbit-on-pslv/|title=12 SuperDove Satellites Hitching a Ride to Orbit on the PSLV|access-date=2019-11-27}}</ref> by [[Planet Labs]] and one Meshbed by Analytical Space of United States were also put in orbit using the same launch vehicle.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/isros-tracking-centre-assumes-control-of-cartosat-3/article30095287.ece|title=ISRO's tracking centre assumes control of CARTOSAT-3|date=2019-11-27|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=2019-11-27}}</ref><ref name="SFN20191127">{{cite web|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/11/27/pslv-delivers-indias-highest-resolution-earth-observation-satellite-to-orbit/|title=PSLV delivers India's highest-resolution Earth observation satellite to orbit|last=Clark|first=Stephen|publisher=Spaceflight Now|access-date=2019-11-27}}</ref> Commercial ride-share was arranged by [[NewSpace India Limited]], [[Spaceflight Industries]] and [[ISILaunch]].<ref name="ISILaunch">{{cite web|url=https://www.isilaunch.com/successful-isilaunch29-campaign/|title=Successful ISILAUNCH29 campaign|date=2019-11-27 |publisher=ISILaunch|access-date=2019-11-27}}</ref><ref name="Spaceflight">{{Cite web|url=https://spaceflight.com/getting-meshbed-to-space/|title=Getting Meshbed to Space!|date=2019-10-14|publisher=Spaceflight |access-date=2019-11-27}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
{{PSLV}}

[[Category:Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]]

Ish Sodhi

2023-09-29T14:23:08Z

Snixtrrr: Ish Sodhi

{{short description|New Zealand cricketer}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Ish Sodhi
| image = 2018.02.03.20.52.20-AUSvNZL T20 NZL innings, SCG (38618201470) (Sodhi cropped).jpg
| caption = Sodhi in 2018
| country = New Zealand
| fullname = Inderbir Singh Sodhi
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1992|10|31|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Ludhiana]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[India]]
| nickname = Ice Ice Sodhi
| heightft =
| heightinch =
| heightm =
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-arm [[leg break]]
| role = [[Bowling (cricket)|Bowler]]
| international = true
| internationalspan = 2013–present

| testdebutdate = 9 October
| testdebutyear = 2013
| testdebutagainst = Bangladesh
| testcap = 262
| lasttestdate = 02 January
| lasttestyear = 2023
| lasttestagainst = Pakistan

| odidebutdate = 2 August
| odidebutyear = 2015
| odidebutagainst = Zimbabwe
| odicap = 187
| lastodidate = 31 March
| lastodiyear = 2023
| lastodiagainst = Sri Lanka
| odishirt = 61

| T20Idebutdate = 5 July
| T20Idebutyear = 2014
| T20Idebutagainst = West Indies
| T20Icap = 64
| lastT20Idate = 5 September
| lastT20Iyear = 2023
| lastT20Iagainst = England
| T20Ishirt = 61

| club1 = [[Northern Districts men's cricket team|Northern Districts]]
| year1 = {{nowrap|2012/13–present}}
| club2 = [[Adelaide Strikers]]
| year2 = 2016/17
| club3 = [[Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club|Nottinghamshire]]
| year3 = 2017–2018
| club4 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| year4 = 2018–2019
| club5 = [[Jamaica Tallawahs]]
| year5 = 2018
| club6 = [[St Kitts and Nevis Patriots]]
| year6 = 2020
| club7 = [[Worcestershire County Cricket Club|Worcestershire]]
| year7 = 2021
| club8 = [[Welsh Fire]]
| year8 = 2022
| club9 = [[Somerset County Cricket Club|Somerset]]
| year9 = 2023

| columns = 4
| column1 = [[Test cricket|Test]]
| matches1 = 19
| runs1 = 524
| bat avg1 = 22.78
| 100s/50s1 = 0/4
| top score1 = 65*
| deliveries1 = 3,803
| wickets1 = 54
| bowl avg1 = 42.94
| fivefor1 = 1
| tenfor1 = 0
| best bowling1 = 6/86
| catches/stumpings1 = 11/–
| column2 = [[One Day International|ODI]]
| matches2 = 49
| runs2 = 201
| bat avg2 = 10.05
| 100s/50s2 = 0/0
| top score2 = 35
| deliveries2 = 2,383
| wickets2 = 61
| bowl avg2 = 35.60
| fivefor2 = 1
| tenfor2 = 0
| best bowling2 = 6/39
| catches/stumpings2 = 11/–
| column3 = [[Twenty20 International|T20I]]
| matches3 = 100
| runs3 = 155
| bat avg3 = 9.11
| 100s/50s3 = 0/0
| top score3 = 19
| deliveries3 = 2,071
| wickets3 = 121
| bowl avg3 = 22.87
| fivefor3 = 0
| tenfor3 = 0
| best bowling3 = 4/28
| catches/stumpings3 = 31/–
| column4 = [[First class cricket|FC]]
| matches4 = 93
| runs4 = 2,587
| bat avg4 = 21.92
| 100s/50s4 = 0/13
| top score4 = 82[[not out|*]]
| deliveries4 = 17,177
| wickets4 = 303
| bowl avg4 = 33.05
| fivefor4 = 17
| tenfor4 = 2
| best bowling4 = 7/30
| catches/stumpings4 = 38/–
| date = 1 September 2023
| source = https://www.espncricinfo.com/player/ish-sodhi-559066 ESPNCricinfo
}}
'''Inderbir Singh '''"'''Ish'''"''' Sodhi''' (born 31 October 1992) is a New Zealand [[cricket]]er born in [[Punjab, India]] who represents the [[New Zealand national cricket team]] in all formats, and [[Canterbury cricket team|Canterbury]] in domestic cricket.<ref>{{cite web|title=Players / New Zealand / Ish Sodhi|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/559066.html|publisher=Cricinfo|access-date=11 October 2013}}</ref> He [[Bowling (cricket)|bowls]] right-arm [[leg spin]], and bats right-handed. He reached the no.1 ranking for T20I bowlers in January 2018, jumping from no.10 at the end of the previous year.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/587573|title=Munro and Sodhi on top of the world|access-date=2018-01-04|language=en}}</ref>

==Early life==
Sodhi is an ethnic [[Punjabis|Punjabi]] and was born in [[Ludhiana]], India to a [[Sikh]] family. <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indianweekender.co.nz/Pages/ArticleDetails/7/11176/New-Zealand/Blackcap-spinner-Ish-Sodhi-ties-knot-in-Auckland | title=Blackcap spinner Ish Sodhi ties knot in Auckland! }}</ref> His grandparents hail from [[Lahore]] in Pakistan [[Partition of India|pre-partition]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://cricketpakistan.com.pk/en/news/detail/to-be-here-is-special-sodhi-reveals-family-connection-with-lahore | title=To be here is special': Sodhi reveals family connection with Lahore|access-date=2023-05-08}}</ref> He moved to [[Papatoetoe]], New Zealand with his family when he was four years old. He attended [[Papatoetoe High School]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Mark Geenty|title=New Black Cap Sodhi in a spin after rapid rise|date=2013-09-14|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/9163328/New-Black-Cap-Sodhi-in-a-spin-after-rapid-rise|access-date=2018-06-05}}</ref>

==Domestic and T20 career==
Sodhi made his debut for [[Northern Districts men's cricket team|Northern Districts]] in the [[2012–13 Plunket Shield season]].

In 2017, Sodhi was not named in the Test squad against Bangladesh, which enabled him to play for [[Adelaide Strikers]] as an injury replacement for [[Chris Jordan (cricketer)|Chris Jordan]]. On 18 January, in his third game for the Strikers, he ended the match with figures of 6/11 off 3.3 overs to win the match for the Strikers and Man of the Match. These are the second-best figures in [[Big Bash League|Big Bash]] history after [[Lasith Malinga]]'s 6/7 from 4 overs between the [[Melbourne Stars]] and [[Perth Scorchers]].<ref>{{Citation|last=cricket.com.au|title=Sodhi takes six to sink Thunder|date=2017-01-18|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xD9XsAVkZpQ|access-date=2017-01-19}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=MrCricket1760|title=Lasith Malinga 6/7 vs Perth Scorchers 12/12/12|date=2012-12-12|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UOkctodgNr4|access-date=2017-01-19}}</ref>

He was the leading wicket-taker in the [[2018–19 Plunket Shield season]], with 36 dismissals in seven matches.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?id=12656;type=tournament |title=Plunket Shield, 2018/19: Most wickets |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> He was released by the [[Rajasthan Royals]] ahead of the [[List of 2020 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2020 IPL auction]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/28087425 |title=Where do the eight franchises stand before the 2020 auction? |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=12 February 2020}}</ref> In July 2020, he was named in the [[St Kitts & Nevis Patriots]] squad for the [[2020 Caribbean Premier League]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/29417692/nabi,-lamichhane,-dunk-earn-big-cpl-2020-draft |title=Nabi, Lamichhane, Dunk earn big in CPL 2020 draft |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=6 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.windiescricket.com/news/teams-selected-hero-cpl-2020/ |title=Teams Selected for Hero CPL 2020 |work=Cricket West Indies |access-date=6 July 2020}}</ref>

==International career==
His international debut for New Zealand came in a [[Test cricket|Test match]] against [[Bangladesh national cricket team|Bangladesh]] during New Zealand's [[New Zealand cricket team in Bangladesh in 2013–14|2013 tour of Bangladesh]]. He made his [[Twenty20 International]] debut [[New Zealand cricket team in the West Indies in 2014#1st T20I|against the West Indies]] in July 2014. In November 2014, Sodhi was selected for a three-test series against [[Pakistan cricket team]]. In the first Test, he scored 63, a personal best and the best score by a New Zealand number-ten batsman in Test cricket. Sodhi made his [[One Day International]] debut for New Zealand [[New Zealand cricket team in Zimbabwe in 2015|against Zimbabwe]] on 2 August 2015.<ref name="ODI">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/894287.html |title=New Zealand tour of Zimbabwe and South Africa, 1st ODI: Zimbabwe v New Zealand at Harare, Aug 2, 2015 |access-date=2 August 2015 |work=ESPNCricinfo}}</ref>

In May 2018, he was one of the twenty players to be awarded a new contract for the 2018–19 season by [[New Zealand Cricket]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/23512513 |title=Todd Astle bags his first New Zealand contract |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=12 February 2020}}</ref> In April 2019, he was named in [[2019 Cricket World Cup squads#New Zealand|New Zealand's squad]] for the [[2019 Cricket World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/26426227 |title=Sodhi and Blundell named in New Zealand World Cup squad |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=12 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1154328 |title=Uncapped Blundell named in New Zealand World Cup squad, Sodhi preferred to Astle |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=3 April 2019}}</ref> In August 2021, Sodhi was named in New Zealand's squad for the [[2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/cricket/black-caps/126013220/black-caps-announce-twenty20-world-cup-squad-two-debutants-for-leadup-tours-with-stars-absent |title=Black Caps announce Twenty20 World Cup squad, two debutants for leadup tours with stars absent |work=Stuff |date=9 August 2021 |access-date=9 August 2021}}</ref>

In December 2022, Sodhi was recalled in New Zealand's Test squad after 4 years, for their [[New Zealand cricket team in Pakistan in 2022–23 (December 2022)|tour to Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Sodhi & Phillips return to Test squad, Tickner retained |url=https://www.nzc.nz/news-items/sodhi-phillips-return-to-test-squad-tickner-retained/ |access-date=15 December 2022 |work=New Zealand Cricket}}</ref> In the first Test, he picked up his maiden [[five-wicket haul]] in Test cricket,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sodhi's maiden fifer keeps NZ in the hunt |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/125027/sodhis-maiden-fifer-keeps-nz-in-the-hunt-cricbuzzcom |access-date=2022-12-30 |website=Cricbuzz |language=en}}</ref> besides scoring his career best 65 runs in the first innings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PAK vs NZ: Ish Sodhi registers his career-best Test score |url=https://www.geosuper.tv/latest/21338-pak-vs-nz-ish-sodhi-registers-his-career-best-test-score |access-date=2022-12-30 |website=Geo Super |language=en-US}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{cricinfo|id=559066}}

{{Trent Rockets squad}}
{{New Zealand Squad 2019 Cricket World Cup}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sodhi, Ish}}
[[Category:1992 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to New Zealand]]
[[Category:New Zealand people of Punjabi descent]]
[[Category:New Zealand sportspeople of Indian descent]]
[[Category:New Zealand cricketers]]
[[Category:New Zealand Test cricketers]]
[[Category:New Zealand One Day International cricketers]]
[[Category:New Zealand Twenty20 International cricketers]]
[[Category:Cricketers at the 2019 Cricket World Cup]]
[[Category:Northern Districts cricketers]]
[[Category:North Island cricketers]]
[[Category:Adelaide Strikers cricketers]]
[[Category:Nottinghamshire cricketers]]
[[Category:Rajasthan Royals cricketers]]
[[Category:Jamaica Tallawahs cricketers]]
[[Category:St Kitts and Nevis Patriots cricketers]]
[[Category:Worcestershire cricketers]]
[[Category:People educated at Papatoetoe High School]]
[[Category:Colombo Stars cricketers]]
[[Category:Welsh Fire cricketers]]
[[Category:Somerset cricketers]]
[[Category:Trent Rockets cricketers]]

PSLV-C46

2023-09-29T10:44:53Z

Snixtrrr: Made a page about the pslv c 46 mission of isro.

{{Short description|Polar Satelite Launch Vehicle mission by ISRO}}
{{Use American English|date=May 2020}}

{{Infobox rocket launch
| name = PSLV-C46
| rocket = PSLV-CA
| launch = {{Start date|2019|05|22|df=yes}}, 05:30:00 IST
| operator = [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]]
| pad = [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre|Sriharikota]] [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre First Launch Pad|First]]
| payload = [[RISAT-2B]]
| outcome = Success
| succession = [[List of PSLV launches|PSLV launches]]
| previous = [[PSLV-C45]]
| next = [[PSLV-C47]]
}}

'''PSLV-C46''' was a mission of the Indian [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]] (PSLV) rocket, launched on Thursday, May 22, 2019, at 05:30 Hrs (IST) by the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO) from the [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre First Launch Pad|first launch pad]] of the [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] at [[Sriharikota]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]. In this mission, the 'Core-Alone' configuration of PSLV was flown (without the use of solid strap-on motors).

The mission launched [[RISAT-2B]] into a [[Geocentric orbit|Geocentric]] [[Sun-synchronous orbit]]. The satellite is an Indian [[Radar imaging|radar]] [[reconnaissance satellite]] that is part of India's [[RISAT]] programme and is the third satellite in the series. The satellite was injected into an orbit of 555 km, 15 minutes and 30 seconds after lift-off, at an inclination of 37 degree to the equator.

==Launch==

The mission was the 72nd launch mission from [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]], 36th from the [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre First Launch Pad|first launch pad]] and the 48th flight of [[PSLV]]. It was also the 14th flight of the `Core alone' configuration of PSLV.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.isro.gov.in/mission_PSLV_C46.html|title=PSLV-C 46 curtain raiser |website=isro.gov.in|accessdate=28 September 2023}}</ref>
The PS-1 stage burned for around 105 seconds and at 52 km. Followed by the ignition of the second stage. The Heat shield was separated at 176 seconds followed by the separation of Second stage at 260 seconds. The PS-3 was ignited at 261 seconds and separated at 561 seconds. This was followed by a successful insertion of the satellite into orbit.

ISRO Chairman [[Kailasavadivoo Sivan|K. Sivan]] congratulated the launch vehicle and satellite teams involved in the mission. With this launch, PSLV has carried 50 tonnes to space by launching 354 satellites, including national, student and foreign satellites.
Almost 5000 visitors viewed the launch from the then recently opened visitors gallery.

==Payload==

The mission carried [[RISAT-2B]] into orbit. RISAT-2B is an advanced [[Earth Observation satellite]] which has a 3.6m radial rib antenna. It also carried two piggyback payloads of Vikram processor and low cost MEMS based [[Inertial Navigation System]] developed by [[Semi-Conductor Laboratory]], [[Chandigarh]] and ISRO [[Inertial Systems Unit]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]] respectively. The Vikram 1601 processor Vikram 1601 was used for first time in navigation computer in the next mission [[PSLV-C47]] <ref>{{cite web|url=https://theprint.in/india/isro-cartosat-most-complex-advanced-indian-satellite/326972/|title=Why ISRO's Cartosat-3 is most complex and advanced satellite India has built|first=Sandhya|last=Ramesh|date=2019-11-27|website=theprint.in|access-date=2019-11-28}}</ref> after being test flown in redundant configuration<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/update/22-may-2019/pslv-c46-successfully-launches-risat-2b|title=PSLV-C46 successfully launches RISAT-2B|publisher=ISRO|website=isro.gov.in|access-date=2019-11-28|archive-date=28 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528045558/https://www.isro.gov.in/update/22-may-2019/pslv-c46-successfully-launches-risat-2b|url-status=dead}}</ref> on PSLV C46 mission.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/launcher/pslv-c47-cartosat-3-mission|title=PSLV-C47 / Cartosat-3 Mission|publisher=ISRO|website=isro.gov.in|access-date=2019-11-18|archive-date=28 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128074359/https://www.isro.gov.in/launcher/pslv-c47-cartosat-3-mission|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/update/21-nov-2019/launch-of-pslv-c47-carrying-cartosat-3-scheduled-november-25-2019-0928-hrs |title=The launch of PSLV-C27 delayed|publisher=ISRO|access-date=21 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/update/27-nov-2019/press-release-pslv-c47-successfully-launches-cartosat-3-and-13-commercial|title=Press Release - PSLV-C47 successfully launches Cartosat-3 and 13 Commercial nanosatellites into Sun Synchronous Polar Orbit|publisher=ISRO|website=isro.gov.in|access-date=2019-11-28}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{PSLV}}

[[Category:Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched by India in 2019]]
[[Category:Rocket launches in 2019]]
[[Category:May 2019 events in India]]

Archana (actress, 1970s)

2023-09-11T18:21:18Z

Snixtrrr: Fresh page format.

Archana acted in only 3 movies in her lifetime, Umang in 1970, Buddha Mil Gaya in 1972 and Anokha Dan (1972). After that she married, despite having a reasonably good future in films. She was the daughter of [[Hemen Gupta]] who directed [[Kabuliwala (1961 film)|Kabuliwala]].
<ref name="Seshachalam_2018">{{cite web
| last = Seshachalam
| first = Bhagyalakshmi
| title = Blast From The Past: Buddha Mil Gaya (1971)
| website =
| date = February 16, 2018
| url = https://www.moneylife.in/article/blast-from-the-past-buddha-mil-gaya-1971/53097.html
| access-date = September 10, 2022}}
</ref>
She got married to Yogesh Motwani. Her father Hemen Gupta was a freedom fighter who was from Dacca. He directed movies like Anand Math and Kabuliwala

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]

Timeline of Indian history

2022-11-17T03:47:25Z

Snixtrrr: Contributed a new entry to the platform.

__NOTOC__{{Dynamic list}}
{{short description|Notable events in the history of India and predecessor states}}
{{Use Indian English}}
{{Use dmy dates}}

This is a '''timeline of [[Indian history]]''', comprising important legal and territorial changes and [[Politics|political]] events in India and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see [[History of India]]. See also the [[list of governors-general of India]], [[list of prime ministers of India]] and [[Years in India]].

[[File:Timeline of Indian history.jpg|900px|Timeline of Indian history.]]

== Pre-historic India ==
===Pre-90th century BCE===

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"| 4,000,000 – 100,000 BCE
|-
| || Tools crafted by proto-humans that have been dated back two million years have been discovered in the northwestern subcontinent.<ref name="shef">{{cite web |url=http://www.shef.ac.uk/archaeology/research/pakistan |title=Palaeolithic and Pleistocene of Pakistan |publisher=Department of Archaeology, University of Sheffield |access-date=2007-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029184443/http://www.shef.ac.uk/archaeology/research/pakistan |archive-date=29 October 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="murray">{{cite book| last = Murray | first = Tim | author-link = Tim Murray (archaeologist)| title = Time and archaeology | publisher = Routledge| year = 1999 | location = London; New York | page=84|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k3z9iXo_Uq8C&pg=PP3| isbn=978-0-415-11762-3}}</ref> The earliest archaeological site in the subcontinent is the palaeolithic [[hominid]] site in the [[Soan Culture|Soan River valley]].<ref name="ppisv">{{cite book| last1=Rendell| first1=H. R.| last2=Dennell|first2=R. W. |last3=Halim|first3=M.| title=Pleistocene and Palaeolithic Investigations in the Soan Valley, Northern Pakistan| year=1989| page=364| series=British Archaeological Reports International Series| publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]| isbn=978-0-86054-691-7| oclc=29222688}}</ref> Soanian sites are found in the [[Sivalik Hills|Sivalik region]] across what are now India, Pakistan, and Nepal.<ref>Parth R. Chauhan. [http://www.assemblage.group.shef.ac.uk/issue7/chauhan.html#distribution Distribution of Acheulian sites in the Siwalik region] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104171240/http://www.assemblage.group.shef.ac.uk/issue7/chauhan.html#distribution }}. ''An Overview of the Siwalik Acheulian & Reconsidering Its Chronological Relationship with the Soanian – A Theoretical Perspective''.</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Is the Soanian techno-complex a Mode 1 or Mode 3 phenomenon? A morphometric assessment|journal=Journal of Archaeological Science|volume=34|issue=9|pages=1434–1440|doi=10.1016/j.jas.2006.11.001|year=2007|last1=Lycett|first1=Stephen J}}</ref><ref>[http://www.assemblage.group.shef.ac.uk/issue7/chauhan.html#distribution Distribution of Acheulian sites in the Siwalik region] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104171240/http://www.assemblage.group.shef.ac.uk/issue7/chauhan.html#distribution }}</ref> Some of the [[Bhimbetka rock shelters]] were inhabited by ''[[Homo erectus]]'' more than 100,000 years ago.<ref>Javid, Ali and Javeed, Tabassum. ''World Heritage Monuments and Related Edifices in India''. 2008, page 19</ref><ref name="originsnet.org">{{cite web |url=http://originsnet.org/bimb1gallery/index.htm |title=Bhimbetka, Auditorium Cave, Madhya Pradesh: Acheulian Petroglyph Site, c. >100,000 – 500,000 BP |access-date=11 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150305100657/http://www.originsnet.org/bimb1gallery/index.htm |archive-date=5 March 2015 | url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Madrasian culture]] sites have been found in Attirampakkam (Attrambakkam=13° 13' 50", 79° 53' 20"), which is located near [[Chennai]] (formerly known as Madras), Tamil Nadu.<ref name="Sen1999">
{{cite book
|author=Sen, Sailendra Nath
|title=Ancient Indian History and Civilization
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA23
|access-date=16 October 2011
|publisher=New Age International
|isbn=978-81-224-1198-0
|pages=23–
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424062614/https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA23
|archive-date=24 April 2016
|url-status=live}}
</ref> Thereafter, tools related to this culture have been found at various other locations in this region. [[Bifacial|Bifacial handaxes]] and cleavers are typical [[Assemblage (archaeology)|assemblages]] recovered of this culture.<ref name="Reddy2006">
{{cite book
|author=Reddy
|title=Indian Hist (Opt)
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CeEmpfmbxKEC&pg=SL1-PA25
|access-date=16 October 2011
|publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill Education
|isbn=978-0-07-063577-7
|pages=1–
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610004756/https://books.google.com/books?id=CeEmpfmbxKEC&pg=SL1-PA25
|archive-date=10 June 2016
|url-status=live}}
</ref> Flake tools, [[microlith]]s and other chopping tools have also been found. Most of these tools were composed of the metamorphic rock [[quartzite]].<ref name="Sen1999" /> The stone tool artifacts in this assemblage have been identified as a part of the second [[Pleistocene#Major events|inter-pluvial]] period in [[India]].<ref>''Tribal Studies'' (2007). Mibang, Tamo; Behera, M. C. Mittal Publications. India.</ref>

Evidence for presence of Hominins with [[Acheulean]] technology 150,000–100,000 BCE in Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Pappu|first=Shanni|title=Early Pleistocene Presence of Acheulian Hominins in South India|volume=331|issue=6024|pages=1596–1599|url=https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.1200183|journal=Science Magazine|access-date=12 April 2014|display-authors=etal|doi=10.1126/science.1200183|pmid=21436450|year=2011|bibcode=2011Sci...331.1596P|s2cid=206531024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713060243/http://www.sciencemag.org/content/331/6024/1596.abstract|archive-date=13 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

Technology similar to contemporary artifacts found used by Homo sapiens in Africa found in [[Jwalapuram]] around 74000 BCE.

[[Paleolithic]] industries in South India Tamil Nadu 30,000 BCE<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/pappu297/|title=Excavations at the Palaeolithic Site of Attirampakkam, South India|issue=297|publisher=Antiquity journal|access-date=17 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130504012305/http://www.antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/pappu297/|archive-date=4 May 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

|}

{{anchor|9th millennium BCE}}

=== 90th–50th century BCE ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"| 9,000 BCE
|-
| || [[Neolithic|Early Neolithic culture]] with first confirmed semi permanent settlements appeared 11000 years ago in the [[Bhimbetka rock shelters]] in modern [[Madhya Pradesh]], India. Some of the Stone Age [[Cave painting|rock paintings]] found among the Bhimbetka rock shelters are approximately 30,000 years old.<ref name="klostermaier1989">{{Citation | title=A survey of Hinduism | author=Klaus K. Klostermaier | author-link=Klaus Klostermaier | year=1989 | isbn=978-0-88706-807-2 | publisher=SUNY Press | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ltn3OuF_i4sC | quote=... prehistoric cave paintings at Bhimbetka (ca. 30000 BCE) ... | access-date=15 November 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505142703/https://books.google.com/books?id=ltn3OuF_i4sC | archive-date=5 May 2016 | url-status=live}}</ref>
The ancient history of the region includes some of South Asia's oldest settlements<ref name="coppa">{{cite journal|last1= Coppa|first1= A.|first2= L|last2= Bondioli|first3= A|last3= Cucina|first4= D. W.|last4= Frayer|first5= C.|last5= Jarrige|first6= J. F.|last6= Jarrige|first7= G|last7= Quivron|first8= M.|last8= Rossi|first9= M|last9= Vidale|first10= R.|last10= Macchiarelli|title= Palaeontology: Early Neolithic tradition of dentistry|journal= Nature|volume= 440|pages= 755–756|date= 6 April 2006|doi= 10.1038/440755a|pmid= 16598247|issue= 7085|bibcode= 2006Natur.440..755C|s2cid= 6787162}}</ref> and some of its major civilisations.<ref name="possehl">{{cite journal| last =Possehl| first=G. L.| author-link = Gregory Possehl|date=October 1990| title=Revolution in the Urban Revolution: The Emergence of Indus Urbanisation| journal = Annual Review of Anthropology| volume=19| issue =1| pages=261–282| doi=10.1146/annurev.an.19.100190.001401|url=http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/toc/anthro/19/1?cookieSet=1| access-date=2007-05-06}}</ref><ref name="asaw">{{cite book| last1=Kenoyer| first1=Jonathan Mark| first2=Kimberley| last2=Heuston| title=The Ancient South Asian World| publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]| date=May 2005| isbn=978-0-19-517422-9| url=http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/HistoryWorld/Ancient/Other/~~/dmlldz11c2EmY2k9OTc4MDE5NTE3NDIyOQ==| oclc=56413341| access-date=1 February 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120093649/http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/HistoryWorld/Ancient/Other/~~/dmlldz11c2EmY2k9OTc4MDE5NTE3NDIyOQ%3D%3D| archive-date=20 November 2012| url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

== Bronze Age India ==
{{Main|Bronze Age India}}
=== 50th–40th century BCE ===
{| class="wikitable" style=
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| 4000 BCE || || Phase of the [[Indus Valley Civilisation]] begins. The civilization used an early form of the Indus signs, now called [[Indus script]].
Over the course of next 1000–1500 years, inhabitants of the Civilization developed new techniques in handicraft ([[carnelian]] products, seal carving) and metallurgy (copper, bronze, lead, and tin) had elaborate urban planning, baked brick houses, efficient drainage systems, water supply systems, and clusters of large non-residential buildings.{{Sfn|Wright|2009|pp=115–125}}
The civilization depended significantly on trade, was the first civilization to use wheeled transport in form of bullock carts, and also used boats.<ref>Hasenpflug, Rainer, The Inscriptions of the Indus civilisation Norderstedt, Germany, 2006.</ref>
|}

===30th century BCE-[[20th century BC|20th century BCE]]===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
|2800 BCE || || The Indus Valley Civilization expands across the whole of modern-day Pakistan, much of northern India, and large parts of Afghanistan, with [[Harappa]] and [[Mohenjo-daro]] becoming large metropolises.<ref>{{cite book | last = Beck | first = Roger B. | title = World History: Patterns of Interaction | url = https://archive.org/details/mcdougallittellw00beck | url-access = registration | publisher = McDougal Littell | year = 1999 | location = Evanston, IL | isbn = 978-0-395-87274-1 }}</ref>
|-
|2600 BCE || || End of the Early Indus Valley Civilization culture. Start of Mature Indus Valley Civilization culture
|
|}

=== [[19th century BC|19th century BCE]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
|1900 BCE || || End of Mature Indus Valley Civilization culture, late Indus Valley Civilization period starts
|}

=== [[18th century BCE]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| 1800 BCE || || [[Adichanallur]] urn-burial site in [[Tirunelveli district]] in Tamil Nadu. In 2004, a number of skeletons dating from around 3,800 years ago.
|}

== Iron Age India ==
{{Main|Iron Age in India}}
=== [[17th century BC|17th century BCE]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event

|-
| 1700 BCE || ||[[Brihadratha]] also known as ''Maharatha'', was the initiator of the [[Brihadratha dynasty]], the earliest ruling dynasty of [[Magadha]].
|-
|
|
|[[Jarasandha]] was the son of [[Brihadratha]] and became the 2nd ruler of the ''Barhadratha'' dynasty of [[Magadha]] succeeding his father
|-
|
|
|[[Sahadeva of Magadha]] became the 3rd ruler of the ''Barhadratha'' dynasty of [[Magadha]] succeeding [[Jarasandha]]
|-
|1661 BCE
|
|Somadhi became the 4th ruler of the ''Barhadratha'' dynasty of [[Magadha]] succeeding [[Sahadeva of Magadha]]
|-
|1603 BCE
|
|Srutasravas became the 5th ruler of the ''Barhadratha'' dynasty of [[Magadha]] succeeding Somadhi
|}

=== [[16th century BCE]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
|1539 BCE
|
|Ayutayus became the 6th ruler of the ''Barhadratha'' dynasty of [[Magadha]] succeeding Srutasravas
|-
| 1503 BCE || || [[Niramitra]] became the 7th ruler of the ''Barhadratha'' dynasty of [[Magadha]] succeeding Ayutayus
|}

=== [[15th century BCE]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event

|-
| 1500 BCE || || Early [[Vedic period]] (to 1000 BCE)
|-
|1463 BCE
|
|Sukshatra became the 8th ruler of the ''Barhadratha'' dynasty of [[Magadha]] succeeding [[Niramitra]]
|-
|1405 BCE
|
|Brihatkarman became the 9th ruler of the ''Barhadratha'' dynasty of [[Magadha]] succeeding Sukshatra
|}

=== [[14th century BC|14th century BCE]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| 1400 BCE || ||[[Gopala Dynasty]] established by [[Gopa (caste)|Gopa]]
|-
|1382 BCE
|
|Senajit became the 10th ruler of the ''Barhadratha'' dynasty of [[Magadha]] succeeding Brihatkarman
|-
|1332 BCE
|
|Srutanjaya became the 11th ruler of the ''Barhadratha'' dynasty of [[Magadha]] succeeding Senajit
|}

=== [[13th century BCE]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| 1300 BCE || || [[Cemetery H culture]] comes to an end
|-
|1300 BCE
|
|End of late Indus Valley Civilization period
|-
|1292 BCE
|
|Vipra became the 12th ruler of the ''Barhadratha'' dynasty of [[Magadha]] succeeding Srutanjaya
|-
|1280 BCE
|
|[[Pundravardhana|Pundravardhana Kingdom]] was established sometime before 1280 BCE.
|-
|1257 BCE
|
|Suchi became the 13th ruler of the ''Barhadratha'' dynasty of [[Magadha]] succeeding Vipra
|}

=== [[12th century BCE]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| 1200 BCE || || [[Rigveda]] Codified. [[Kuru Kingdom]] Established.
|-
|1199 BCE
|
|Kshemya became the 14th ruler of the ''Barhadratha'' dynasty of [[Magadha]] succeeding Suchi
|-
|1171 BCE
|
|Subrata became the 15th ruler of the ''Barhadratha'' dynasty of [[Magadha]] succeeding Kshemya
|-
|1107 BCE
|
|Dharma became the 16th ruler of the ''Barhadratha'' dynasty of [[Magadha]] succeeding Subrata
|}

=== [[11th century BC|11th century BCE]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
|1043 BCE
|
|Dharma stepped down as the 16th ruler of the ''Barhadratha'' dynasty of [[Magadha]].
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" | 1008 BCE || || Susuma became the 17th ruler of the ''Barhadratha'' dynasty of [[Magadha]] succeeding Dharma
|}

=== [[10th century BCE]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" | 1000 BCE || || Middle and Late Vedic period (to 500 BCE)
|-
| 1000 – 300 BCE || || Kanchi district, gold mine of [[Megalith]]ic sites in Tamil Nadu, South India<ref>{{cite news|title=Kanchi district, gold mine of megalithic sites|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/kanchi-district-gold-mine-of-megalithic-sites/238300-60-118.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629120101/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/kanchi-district-gold-mine-of-megalithic-sites/238300-60-118.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 June 2013|newspaper=IBN Live|location=Tamil Nadu, India}}</ref>
|-
|1000- 900 BCE
|
|[[Kingdom of the Videhas|Kingdom of Videha]] was established.
|-
|1000- 900 BCE
|
|[[Panchala]] Kingdom was established.
|-
|970 BCE
|
|Dridhasena became the 18th ruler of the ''Barhadratha'' dynasty of [[Magadha]] succeeding Susuma
|-
|912 BCE
|
|Sumati became the 19th ruler of the ''Barhadratha'' dynasty of [[Magadha]] succeeding Dridhasena
|}

=== [[9th century BCE]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
|879 BCE
|
|[[Subala]] became the 20th ruler of the ''Barhadratha'' dynasty of [[Magadha]] succeeding Sumati
|-
| 877 BCE || || Birth of [[Parshva|Parsvanatha]], 23rd Jain [[Tirthankara]] (traditional date)
|-
|857 BCE
|
|Sunita became the 21st ruler of the ''Barhadratha'' dynasty of [[Magadha]] succeeding [[Subala]]
|-
|841 BCE
|
|[[Gopala Dynasty]] was de-established.
|-
|817 BCE
|
|Satyajit became the 22nd ruler of the ''Barhadratha'' dynasty of [[Magadha]] succeeding Sunita
|}

=== [[8th century BC|8th century BCE]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
|767 BCE
|
|Viswajit became the 23rd ruler of the ''Barhadratha'' dynasty of [[Magadha]] succeeding Satyajit
|-
| 732 BCE || ||Ripunjaya became the 24th and the last ruler of the ''Barhadratha'' dynasty of [[Magadha]] succeeding Viswajit.
|}

=== [[7th century BC|7th century BCE]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
|700 BCE
| || The [[Upanishads]], a sacred text of [[Hinduism]], are written.
|-
|700 BCE
|
|[[Kosala|Kingdom of Kosala]] was established. [[Kosala]] belonged to the [[Northern Black Polished Ware]] culture (c. 700–300 BCE).
|}

=== [[6th century BCE]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top;"| 600 BCE || || Sixteen [[Mahajanapadas|Maha Janapadas]] ("''Great Realms''" or "''Great Kingdoms''") emerge.
|-
| || The [[Vedic period|Vedic]] period ends.
|-
| || The [[Early Cholas|Chola]], [[Early Pandyan Kingdom|Pandya]], and [[Chera dynasty|Chera]] dynasties are established.
|-
| || The capital of the [[Early Pandyan Kingdom]] was initially [[Korkai]], all around 600 BCE, and was later moved to Koodal (now Madurai) during the reign of [[Nedunjeliyan I]].
|-
| 599 BCE || || [[Mahavira]] of the 24th Tirthankara is born. This turns out to become the most famous wave of Jainism.
|-
| 563 BCE || || [[Siddhārtha Gautama]], Buddha-to-be, is born in Lumbini into a leading royal family in the republic of the Shakyas, which is now part of Nepal.
|-
| 543 BCE || || The Vanga-based [[Prince Vijaya]] (c. 543 BCE) married a daughter of the Pandyan king of Madurai, to whom he was sending rich presents every year. [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]] chronicle [[Mahawamsa|Mahavamsa]] or the Great Chronicle of Sri Lanka mentions this [[Mahāvaṃsa|event]]{{citation needed}}
|-
| 538 BCE || || [[Cyrus the Great]], founder of the Persian [[Achaemenid Empire]] reached up to northwestern parts of the [[Indian subcontinent]], today's Afghanistan, which later proved to be his nemesis and caused his death.
|-
| 527 BCE || || [[Nirvana (Jainism)|Nirvana]] of [[Mahavira]],
|-
|525 BCE
|
|[[Kuru Kingdom]] was de-established.
|}

=== [[5th century BCE]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| 483 BCE|| || Proposed Mahaparinirvana date of [[Gautama Buddha]] at Kushinagar.
|}

=== [[4th century BCE]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| 400 BCE || || Siddhartha Gautama 'Buddha' of the Shakya polity in S. Nepal, founds [[Buddhism]] (older date: 563–483 BCE)
|-
| 350 BCE || || [[Pāṇini|Panini]], labelled as the father of [[linguistics]], a resident of [[Gandhara]], describes the [[grammar]] and [[morphology (linguistics)|morphology]] of [[Sanskrit]] in the text [[Ashtadhyayi]]. Panini's standardized Sanskrit is known as [[Classical Sanskrit]].
|-
| 333 BCE || || Persian rule in the northwest ends after [[Darius 3]] is defeated by [[Alexander the Great]], who establishes the [[Macedon|Macedonian Empire]] after inheriting the Persian Achaemenid Empire.
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"| 326 BCE || || [[Ambhi]] king of [[Takshila]] surrenders to Alexander.
|-
| || [[King Porus|Porus]] who ruled parts of the [[Punjab region|Punjab]], fought Alexander at the [[Battle of the Hydaspes River]].
|-
| 321 BCE || || [[Maurya Empire]] is founded by [[Chandragupta Maurya]] in [[Magadha]] after he defeats the [[Nanda dynasty]] and [[Macedon]]ian [[Seleucid Empire]]. Mauryan capital city is [[Pataliputra]] (Modern [[Patna]] in Bihar)
|-
| 305 BCE || || [[Chandragupta Maurya]] defeats [[Seleucus Nicator]] of the [[Seleucid Empire]].
|-
| 304 BCE || || Seleucus gives up his territories in the subcontinent (Afghanistan/Baluchistan) to Chandragupta in exchange for 500 elephants. Seleucus offers his daughter in marriage to Chandragupta to seal their friendship.
|}

== Classical India ==
{{Main|Middle kingdoms of India}}
=== [[3rd century BCE]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
|290 BCE-270 BCE || || [[Pingala]], ancient Indian mathematician and poet writes the ''Chandaḥśāstra'' (also called the Pingala-sutras), which presents the first known description of a [[binary numeral system]].
|-
| 273 BCE|| || [[Ashoka the Great]] regarded as the greatest ancient Indian emperor, grandson of Chandragupta Maurya, ascends as emperor of the [[Maurya Empire]].
|-
| 266 BCE || || [[Ashoka]] conquers and unifies most of [[South Asia]], along with most of [[Afghanistan]] and [[Balochistan]].
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"| 265 BCE || || [[Kalinga War]] takes place between Ashoka and the [[Kalinga (historical region)|kingdom of Kalinga]].
|-
| || After conquering Kalinga, Ashoka reportedly regrets what he has done, leading him to adopt [[Buddhism]], which then becomes the quasi-official state religion of the Mauryan Empire.
|-
| 261 BCE || || Conquest of Kalinga
|-
| 260 BCE || || Ashoka inscribes the [[Edicts of Ashoka]], written down using [[Brahmi script]]. The Edicts describe his Buddhist religious views and his commitment to the welfare of his subjects.
|-
| 232 BCE || || Ashoka dies and is succeeded by [[Kunala]].
|-
| 230 BCE || || [[Simuka]] declares independence from [[Maurya Empire|Mauryan]] rule and establishes the [[Satavahana|Satavahana Empire]].
|}

=== [[2nd century BCE]] ===
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;" | 200 BCE || || [[Kuninda Kingdom]] is established.
|-
| || [[Tolkāppiyam]] describes the [[grammar]] and [[morphology (linguistics)|morphology]] of Tamil; it is the oldest existing Tamil grammar (dates vary between 200 BCE and 100 CE). (to 100 BC)
|-
|
|[[Indo-Greek Kingdom]] (also known as the Yavana Kingdom) is established. It was a [[Hellenistic period|Hellenistic-era Greek]] kingdom covering various parts of Afghanistan and the northwestern regions of the Indian subcontinent (parts of modern-day [[Pakistan]] and northwestern India). The kingdom was founded when the [[Graeco-Bactrian]] king [[Demetrius I of Bactria|Demetrius]] (and later [[Eucratides I|Eucratides]]) invaded India from Bactria in 200 BC. During its existence, the kingdom was ruled over by 30 successive kings, with Menander I being the most famous Indo-Greek king.
|-
| 184 BCE || || The Mauryan Empire, declines
|-
|165/155 BCE
|
|[[Menander I]] becomes the king of the Indo-Greek Kingdom. Menander is noted for having become a patron and convert to [[Greco-Buddhism]] and he is widely regarded as the greatest of the Indo-Greek kings.
|}

=== [[1st century BCE]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| 100 BCE || || Birth of [[Charaka]], ancient Indian physician who writes the [[Charaka Samhita]], an ancient text that describes theories on human body, etiology, symptomology and therapeutics for a wide range of diseases and is based on the ''Agnivesha Samhitā''.
|-
| 65 BCE || || The [[Pandyan]] king sends ambassadors to the Greek and Roman lands.
|-
| 58 BCE || || Beginning of [[Vikram Samvat|Vikram Era]]
|-
|1 BCE
|
|Fall of the Indo-Greek Kingdom.[[Indo-Greek Kingdom]].
|}

=== [[1st century]] {{anchor|1st millennium}} ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| 35 || || [[Western Satraps]] formed.
|-
| 52 || || [[Thomas the Apostle|St. Thomas]] arrives in [[Muziris]] (modern-day North Paravur and Kodungalloor in Kerala State, India).
|-
| 68 || || Establishment of the [[Kushan Empire]] by [[Kujula Kadphises]].
|-
| 78 || || [[Gautamiputra Satkarni]] becomes [[Satavahana]] [[emperor]] and starts [[Shalivahana era]] calendar after defeating [[Scythian]] king [[Maues]].
|-

| 100 or after || || Sugar was first produced from sugarcane plants in northern India sometime after the first century.<ref>*Sato, Tsugitaka (2014). Sugar in the Social Life of Medieval Islam. BRILL. p. 01. {{ISBN|9789004277526}}.</ref>
|}

=== [[2nd century]] {{anchor|2nd millenium}} ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
|113
|
|[[Vima Kadphises]] becomes the ruler of the Kushan Empire. He was the Kushan Emperor to first introduce gold coinage, in addition to the existing silver and copper coinage.
|-
| 127 || || [[Kanishka]] ascends the throne of the Kushan Empire, succeeding Vima Kadphises. Under his reign, the Kushan Empire reached its zenith.
|}

=== [[3rd century]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| 240 || || Sri-Gupta starts the [[Gupta Empire]] in Magadha, with its capital in [[Pataliputra]]
|-
|250
|
|The [[Vakataka dynasty|Vakataka Dynasty]] in the Deccan is formed by [[Vindhyashakti|Vindyashakti]]. He rules until 275.
|-
| rowspan="2" | 275 || || The [[Pallava dynasty]] is established
|-
|
|[[Pravarasena I|Pravarasena]] ascends the throne of the Vakataka Dynasty, expanding his empire. He was the first Vakataka ruler who called himself a ''Samrat,'' or emperor. He is perhaps the only emperor in his dynasty.
|}

=== [[4th century]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| 320 || || [[Chandragupta I]] ascends the [[Gupta Empire|Gupta]] [[throne]].
|-
| 335 || || [[Samudragupta]] ascends the Gupta throne and expands the empire.
|-
| 345 || || [[Kadamba dynasty|Kadamba Kingdom]] established by [[Mayurasharma]], [[Banavasi]] as its capital and they were the first kingdom to use [[Kannada]] in administration.
|-
| 380 || || [[Chandragupta II]], Samudragupta's son becomes the Gupta [[Emperor]].
|-
|390
|
|[[Prabhavatigupta]], a Gupta Princess who was the daughter of Chandragputa II, becomes the regent of the Vakataka dynasty after the death of her husband [[Rudrasena II]], effectively ruling the Vakatakas until 410.
|}

=== [[5th century]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
|413
|
|[[Kumaragupta I]], Adopted the title of Mahendraditya.
|-
|455
|
|[[Skandagupta]], Faced [[Huna people|Hunas]] effectively.
|-
| 467 || || Invasions by the [[Huna people|Huna]].
[[Pallava dynasty|Pallavas]] became a major power during the reign of Mahendravarman I (571 – 630 CE)
|-
|475
|
|[[Harishena]] takes over the Vakataka Dynasty. He was a great patron of Buddhist Art. The World Heritage monument [[Ajanta Caves]] is surviving example of his works.
|-
| 476 || || Birth of [[Aryabhata]], ancient Indian mathematician and astronomer who goes on to write the [[Aryabhatiya]], a Sanskrit astronomical treatise and the Arya-siddhanta.
|}

== Medieval India ==
{{Main| Medieval India}}
=== [[6th century]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
|502
|
|[[Mihirakula]] becomes the ruler of the [[Alchon Huns]]. He was the second and last of the Alchon Huns. He was considered to be an extremely violent and cruel ruler. He destroyed many Buddhist monasteries in his kingdom.
|-
| 528 || || Confederation of Indian rulers [[Yashodharman]], [[Narasimhagupta]] and [[Adityavardhana]] defeat the [[Alchon Huns|Huna emperor]] Mihirakula in the [[Battle of Sondani]].
|-
| 528–540 || || [[Yashodharman]] conquers vast territories from the Hunas and Guptas after the [[Battle of Sondani]], and establishes the short-lived [[Aulikara Empire]]
|-
| 554 || || Collapse of [[Gupta Empire]] after the death of [[Vishnugupta (Gupta Empire)|Vishnugupta]].
|-
| 573 || || [[Varāhamihira]], ancient Indian astrologer, astronomer, and [[polymath]] writes the Pañcasiddhāntikā, a treatise on mathematical astronomy and which summarises five earlier astronomical treatises by five authors.
|}

=== [[7th century]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| 606 || || [[Harsha|Harshavardhana]] crowned [[Monarch]].
|-
| 628 || || Ancient Indian mathematician and astronomer [[Brahmagupta]] completes the [[Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta]], a text on mathematical astronomy explaining the role of [[0 (number)|zero]], rules for manipulating both [[negative and positive numbers]], a method for computing [[square root]]s, methods of solving [[linear equation|linear]] and [[quadratic equation]]s, and rules for summing [[series (mathematics)|series]], [[Brahmagupta's identity]], and [[Brahmagupta's theorem]]. Brahmagupta also first describes [[gravity]] as an attractive force, and uses the term "gurutvākarṣaṇam (गुरुत्वाकर्षणम्)]" in Sanskrit to describe it.<ref name="Oxford">{{cite book|last=Pickover|first=Clifford|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SQXcpvjcJBUC&pg=PA105|title=Archimedes to Hawking: Laws of Science and the Great Minds Behind Them|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-979268-9|page=105}}</ref>
|-
| 637 || || [[Badami]] [[Chalukya]] power at its peak. [[Pulakeshin II]] pushes north up to the Narmada and defeats the invading [[Harshavardhana]] of [[Kanauj]]
|-
| 665 || || Ancient Indian mathematician and astronomer [[Brahmagupta]] completes the astronomical treatise [[Khandakhadyaka]] covering topics such as the longitudes of the planets, diurnal rotation, lunar and solar eclipses, risings and settings, the moon's crescent and conjunctions of the planets.
|}

=== [[8th century]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| 700 || || According to the [[Qissa-i Sanjan]], the immigrants [[Parsi]] are granted permission to stay by the local ruler [[Jadi Rana]]
|-
| 711 || || Arab commander of the [[Umayyad Caliphate]], [[Muhammad ibn Qasim]] defeats [[Raja Dahir]], king of Sindh Region in modern-day [[Pakistan]]
|-
| 728 || || [[Narasimhavarman II]] of the [[Pallava dynasty]] constructs the [[Shore Temple]] of [[Mamallapuram]]
|-
| 736 || || [[Delhi]] is re-established by Bilan Deo Tomar also known as [[Anangpal Tomar]]
|-
| 738 || || Confederacy of Indian kings consisting of [[Nagabhata I]] of [[Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty]] and [[Bappa Rawal]], ruler of [[Mewar]] defeat Arab [[Umayyad Caliphate]] invasion attempts in the Battle of Rajasthan (738 CE)
|-
| 739 || || [[Chalukyas of Navasarika#Avanijanashraya Pulakeshin|Avanijanashraya Pulakeshin]] of the [[Chalukyas of Navasarika]] kingdom defeats an invasion attempt by the Arab Umayyad Caliphate.{{sfn|Durga Prasad Dikshit|1980|p=166}}
|-
| 753 || || Establishment of [[Rashtrakuta]] Kingdom of Manyakhet by [[Dantidurga]] by defeating Chalukyas of Badami
|-
| 753 || || [[Saindhava]] naval fleet defeats Arab naval fleet sent by the Arab governor of Sindh.
|-
| 776 || || [[Saindhava]] naval fleet under [[Agguka I]] defeats second Arab naval expedition.<ref name=AKMH>{{cite journal |last= Kumar|first= Amit|year= 2012|title= Maritime History of India: An Overview|journal= Maritime Affairs:Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India|volume= 8|issue= 1|pages= 93–115|doi= 10.1080/09733159.2012.690562|s2cid= 108648910|quote= "In 776 AD, Arabs tried to invade Sind again but were defeated by the Saindhava naval fleet. A Saindhava inscription provides information about these naval actions."}}</ref><ref name="Sen1999-p343">{{cite book|author=Sailendra Nath Sen|title=Ancient Indian History and Civilization|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA343|publisher=New Age International|isbn=978-81-224-1198-0|pages=343–344}}</ref>
|-
| 788 || || Birth of [[Adi Shankara]]
|}

=== [[9th century]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| 800 || || [[Vikramashila]] University is established by the [[Pala Empire|Pala emperor]] [[Dharmapala (emperor)|Dharmapala]] in present day [[Bhagalpur district]] in [[Bihar]], in early 9th century
|-
| 814 || || Nripatunga [[Amoghavarsha I]] becomes [[Rashtrakuta]] emperor. [[Kannada literature]] flourishes.
|-
| 836 || || [[Gurjara-Pratihara]] (to 910)
|-

|}

=== [[10th century]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| 935 || || [[Chandrapur University]] established in 935 CE by [[Srichandra]], a ruler of the [[Chandra dynasty]]
|-
| 985 || || [[Rajaraja Chola]] ascends to the throne of [[Chola empire]]. He expands the empire to [[Sri Lanka]] and to the north to include [[Kalinga (historical kingdom)|Kalinga kingdom]]
|-
| 993 || || [[Rajaraja Chola]] invades [[Sri Lanka]] and captures the northern half of Sri Lanka.
|}

=== [[11th century]] {{anchor|2nd millennium}} ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| 1000 || || Invasion of [[Mahmud of Ghazni]] Begins(1000-1025) ce
|-
|1003–1010 || || The [[Brihadisvara Temple, Thanjavur]] is built by [[Raja Raja Chola I]].

|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;"| 1014 || || Rajaraja Chola adds the [[Lakshadweep]] and [[Maldives]] islands to the Chola empire.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Chola-dynasty|title=Chola dynasty|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref>
|-
| || [[Rajendra Chola I]] became the king of [[Chola empire]] after his father [[Rajaraja Chola]]. During his reign, he extended the influences of the already vast Chola empire up to the banks of the river Ganges in the north and across the ocean. Rajendra's territories extended coastal [[Burma]], the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], [[Lakshadweep]], [[Maldives]], conquered the kings of [[Srivijaya]] ([[Sumatra]], [[Java]] and [[Malay Peninsula]] in [[South East Asia]]) and [[Pegu]] islands with his fleet of ships. He defeated [[Mahipala]], the [[Pala Empire|Pala]] king of [[Bengal]] and [[Bihar]], and to commemorate his victory he built a new capital called [[Gangaikonda Cholapuram]]. The [[Cholas]] became one of the most powerful dynasties in Asia during his reign. The Tamil Chola armies exacted tribute from Thailand and the Khmer kingdom of [[Cambodia]]. [[Rajendra Chola I]] was the first Indian king to take his armies overseas and make conquests of these territories, even though there is epigraphical evidence of Pallava presence in these very areas.
|-
|1014 || || [[Mahmud of Ghazni|Mahmud Ghazni]] defeats the [[Hindu Shahi]] king [[Trilochanapala]] and annexes Punjab.
He then attempts to invade Kashmir, but is defeated by [[Samgrāmarāja]]
|-
|1017 || 26 April ||Sri [[Ramanuja]]charya is born at [[Sriperumbudur]], [[Tamil Nadu]].
|-
| 1021 || || Mahmud of Ghazni again attempts to invade Kashmir, but is defeated by Samgrāmarāja
|-
| 1025 ||30 April || Last invasion of [[Mahmud of Ghazni|Mahmud Ghazni]], sacked and destroyed temple of [[Somnath]]
|-
| 1027 || || The [[Sun Temple, Modhera|Sun Temple of Modhera]] is completed by [[Bhima I]] of the [[Chaulukya dynasty]]
|-
| 1030 ||30 April || [[Alberuni]] arrives in India; death of Mahmud of Ghazni
|-
| 1033 ||15 June || [[Suhaldev]], king of [[Shravasti]] defeats and kills [[Ghazi Saiyyad Salar Masud]], nephew of [[Mahmud of Ghazni]].
|-
| 1035 || || The [[Brihadisvara Temple, Gangaikonda Cholapuram]] is built by [[Rajendra Chola I]].
|-
| 1058 || || [[Soomra dynasty]] ends the Arab domination and establishes its own rule over [[Sindh]].
|}

=== [[12th century]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| 1120 || || [[Kalyani Chalukyas]] power at its peak. [[Vikramaditya VI]] ushers in ''Vikrama Chalukya era''.
|-
| 1121 || || [[Ajayaraja II]], of the [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari]] dynasty repulse Ghaznavid invasions.
|-
| 1134 || || Life of [[Basaveshwara]], philosopher and social reformer. (to 1196)
|-
| 1150 || || [[Bhāskara II]], mathematician and astronomer writes the [[Siddhānta Shiromani]], consisting of three books [[Līlāvatī]] on arithmetic and measurement, [[Bijaganita]] on algebra and ''Gaṇitādhyāya and Golādhyāya'' on astronomy.
|-
| 1157 || || The [[Kalachuris of Kalyani]] under [[Bijjala II]] capture Kalyani
|-
| 1175 || || [[Muhammad of Ghor]] invades India.<ref>[[Muhammad of Ghor#Invasion of India]]</ref>
|-
| 1178 || || Forces of the [[Chaulukya]] king [[Mularaja II]] led by his regent mother Naikidevi defeat [[Ghurid]] invaders led by [[Muhammad of Ghor]] who escapes back to Ghazni, in the [[Mularaja II#Battle of Kasahrada|Battle of Kasahrada]].
|-
| 1191 || || [[First Battle of Tarain]] between [[Mohammed Ghori]] and [[Prithviraj III]]. Ghori is defeated by Prithivi Raj Chauhan III.
|-
| 1192 || || [[Second Battle of Tarain]] fought between [[Muhammad of Ghor|Muhammed Ghori]] and Prithviraj Chauhan III. Prithviraj Chauhan III is defeated by Mohammed Ghori.Islamic Rule of 565 Years over India begins(1192-1757) ce. Marks Beginning of 14 Years of Ghurid Rule Over India(1192-1206).
|-
| 1193 || || Muslim general [[Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji]] destroys the ancient university of Vikramashila
|-
| 1194 || || [[Battle of Chandawar]] fought between [[Muhammad of Ghor]] and [[Jaichand of Kannauj]]. Ghori defeated Jayachandra and killed him.
|}

=== [[13th century]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| 1206 || 15 March || [[Khokhar|Khokhars]] killed [[Muhammad Ghori]] during a raid on his camp on the [[Jhelum River]].Marks End of 14 Years of Ghurid Rule Over India(1192-1206).
|-
| 1206 ||12 June ||[[Qutb ud-Din Aibak]] establishes slave Dynasty (Mamluk) later to be known as Delhi Sultanate. Marks Beginning Of Delhi Sultanate of 320 Years over India(1206-1526).
|-
| 1206 || ||[[Raja Prithu]] defeats [[Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji]], destroying his army of 12,000 with only about 100 survivors.<ref name="Sharma"/><ref name="UNB1"/>
|-
| 1210 || ||[[Qutb-ud-din Aibak]] died while playing polo.
|-
|1210
|
|[[Iltutmish|Shams ud-Din Iltutmish]];was the third ruler of the [[Delhi Sultanate]], belonging to the [[Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)|Mamluk dynasty]] (Slave Dynasty). He introduced IQTA (Tax, revenue) system. Died in 1236
|-
|1211–1215
|
|[[Anangabhima Deva III]] of the [[Eastern Ganga dynasty]] in present-day Odisha defeats invasions by [[Iwaz Khalji|Ghiyāth ad-Dīn ʿIwaz Khalji]] the ruler of Bengal.<ref name="History of Odisha"/>
|- 1220 Razziya becomes first women ruler becoming the of sultanate dynasty
| 1221 || || [[Genghis Khan]] invades Punjab in pursuit of the fleeing [[Khwarazmian dynasty|Khwarezm Shah]] [[Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu]] and defeats him in the [[Battle of the Indus]].
|-
| 1226 || || [[Raja Prithu]] repulses invading forces of [[Ghiyas ud din Balban]] the ninth [[sultan]] of the [[Mamluk dynasty of Delhi]], in present-day [[Assam]]<ref name="Sharma">{{cite book|author=S.K.Sharma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JUozqyA2e90C&dq=raja+prithu+oxford&pg=PA63|title=Discovery of North East India Volume 1|publisher=Mittal Publications|year= 2005|isbn=81-8324-035-6|pages=339}}</ref><ref name="UNB1">{{cite thesis |type=PhD|last=Bapari|first=Parimal|title=King Naranarayan and his times |url=http://14.139.211.59/bitstream/123456789/1217/1/01_title.pdf|chapter=Chapter 1: Early Historical background and foundation of the Koch Dynasty|chapter-url=http://14.139.211.59/bitstream/123456789/1217/7/07_chapter_01.pdf|publisher=University of North Bengal}}</ref>
|-
| 1229 || || [[Sandhya (ruler of Kamarupa)]] in present-day Assam drives Muslims out of his territory and captures territory till Karatoya river. Thereafter, to avenge previous defeats, he invades the western border of Gaur (Lakhnauti) and annexes regions across the Karatoya into his kingdom.
|-
| 1236 || || [[Narasingha Deva I]] ruler of the [[Eastern Ganga dynasty]] in present-day Odisha launches attacks against the Turko-Afghan rulers of [[Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)|Mamluk dynasty]] in Bengal that had captured Bihar and Bengal and not only repulses their attacks, but pushes them as far back as Padma River in current-day Bangladesh.<ref name="History of Odisha">{{Cite journal|title=History of Odisha (From Earliest Times to 1434 A.D.)|url=http://ddceutkal.ac.in/Syllabus/MA_history/Paper-16.pdf|journal=DDCE/History (M.A)/SLM/Paper from Utkal University|pages=109–110}}</ref>
|-
|1236
|10 November
|Rule of [[Razia Sultana]] – Daughter of Iltutmish.
|-
| 1238 || October || [[Madhvacharya|Sri Madhwacharya]] born in [[Pajaka]] near [[Udupi]], [[Karnataka]]
|-
| 1240 || 14 October || Murder of [[Razia Sultana|Razia Sultan]] by Turkish nobles.(Chalisa)
|-
| 1243 || || [[Narasingha Deva I]] ruler of the [[Eastern Ganga dynasty]] defeats [[Tughral Tughan Khan]] of the [[Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)|Mamluk Sultanate of Delhi]] in the [[Battle of Katasin]] and annexes several districts of Bengal into his empire.
|-
|1246–66|| ||Rule of [[Nasiruddin Mahmud (grandson of Iltutmish)|Nasiruddin Mahmud]] with support of [[Ghiyas ud din Balban|Balban]] (Wazir and powerful member of Chalisa). Chalisa- a council of 40 members
|-
| 1250 || || The [[Konark Sun Temple]] is completed, built by Narasingha Deva I.
|-
| 1257 || || The Kamrup kingdom, led by its ruler Sandhya defeats and executes [[Malik Ikhtiyaruddin Yuzbak]], the Mamluk Governor of Bengal. His domains are split between the Kamrup kingdom and Narasimhadeva I of the Eastern Ganga Empire.
|-
|1266–1286|| ||Rule of Balban; Chalisa wiped out.
|-
| 1267 || || The [[Mahanubhava]] philosophy established by [[Chakradhar Swami]].
|-
| 1275 || || Birth of saint [[Dnyaneshwar]].
|-
| 1290 || || Murder of [[Muiz ud din Qaiqabad]] by [[Jalaluddin Firuz Khalji]], an army commander.
|-
|1290–96
|
|Jalal-ud-din Khilji. Founder of Khiliji Dynasty
|}

=== [[14th century|14th century]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
|1309
|
|Alauddin Khalji sends Malik Kafur to South. Malik Kafur Lays siege on the Kakatiya Capital Warangal and Extracts Tribute. The diamond Kohinoor was among the loot collected.
|-
| 1310 || || [[Ala-ud-din Khilji]]'s army under [[Malik Kafur]] occupies [[Daulatabad, Maharashtra|Devagiri]] ending the [[Seuna]] Yadava Kingdom
|-
|1311
|
|Malik Kafur attacks the Hoyasalas. In the aftermath of the destruction Hoyasalas abandon the old capital Halebidu. He later attacks Madurai. The attacks on Warangal, Halebidu and Madurai is accompanied by wide scale killing, destruction of temples and repatriation of wealth back to Delhi.
|-
| 1323 || || [[Muhammad bin Tughluq|Ulugh Khan (Muhammad bin Tughluq)]] defeats [[Prataparudra II]] ending the [[Kakatiya dynasty]]
|-
| 1333 || || Prithvi Chand II of the [[Hindu]] [[Katoch]] kingdom of [[Kangra State|Kangra]] defeats the army of Muhammad bin Tughluq who loses nearly all his 10,000 soldiers and is forced to retreat.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Medieval India: From Sultanate to the Mughals|last=Chandra|first=Satish|publisher=Har-Anand Publications|year=1997|isbn=978-8124105221|location=New Delhi, India|pages=101–102}}</ref>
|-
| 1334 || || [[Musunuri Nayakas#Kapaya Nayaka|Musunuri Kapaya Nayaka]] with assistance from the [[Hoysala Empire|Hoysala]] ruler [[Veera Ballala III]] leads a rebellion against the Tughluq rule of [[Delhi Sultanate]], driving it out of [[Warangal]] region in present-day [[Telangana]].
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;"| 1336 || || [[Vijayanagara Empire]] established by [[Harihara I]] and his brother [[Bukka Raya I]].
|-
| || Rana of Mewar [[Hammir Singh]] defeats and captures [[Tughlaq dynasty]] ruler [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]] in the [[Battle of Singoli]].
|-
| 1340 || || Birth of great mathematician [[Madhava of Sangamagrama]] who goes on to found the [[Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics]] and write the [[Venvaroha]], which describes the methods for the computation of the true positions of the Moon at intervals of about half an hour for various days in an anomalistic cycle.
|-
| 1343 || || [[Veera Ballala III]] captured and killed in the [[Battle of Kannanur]].
|-
| 1347 || || Governor [[Hasan Gangu]] revolts against [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]] founding the [[Bahmani Sultanate]]
|-
| 1351 || || [[Samma Dynasty]] assumes rule over [[Sindh]]
|-
| 1370 || || [[Bukka]], the [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagara]] ruler and his son Kumara Kamapna capture the entire Tamil speaking parts.
|-
| 1398 || ||[[Timur]] plunders [[Lahore]]
|}

=== [[15th century]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! Style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| 1401 || || [[Dilawar Khan]] establishes the [[Malwa Sultanate]] in present-day northern India
|-
| 1407 || || [[Muzaffar Shah I|Zafar Khan]]: governor of Gujarat, declares himself as Sultan Muzaffar Shah founding the [[Gujarat Sultanate]]/[[Muzaffarids (Gujarat)|Muzaffarid dynasty]]
|-
| 1414 || || [[Khizr Khan]], deputized by [[Timur]] to be the governor of [[Multan]] takes over Delhi founding the [[Sayyid dynasty]]
|-
| 1424 || || [[Deva Raya II]] succeeded his father [[Veera Vijaya Bukka Raya]] as monarch of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]]
|-
| 1437 || || [[Rana Kumbha]] of [[Mewar]] and [[Ranmal|Rao Ranmal Rathore]] of [[Marwar]] defeat and take prisoner [[Mahmud Khalji]], [[Sultan of the Malwa Sultanate]] in the [[Battle of Sarangpur]]
|-
| 1442 || || Rana Kumbha of Mewar defeats Mahmud Khalji in the [[Battle of Mandalgarh and Banas#Battle of Mandalgarh|Battle of Mandalgarh]]
|-
| 1443 || || [[Abdur Razzaq (traveller)|Abdur Razzaq]] visits India
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;"|1446 || || Rana Kumbha of Mewar defeats Mahmud Khalji in the [[Battle of Mandalgarh and Banas#Battle of Banas|Battle of Banas]]
|-
| || [[Mallikarjuna Raya]] succeeds his father [[Deva Raya II]]
|-
| 1449 || 26 September || [[Sankardev]], founder of [[Ekasarana Dharma]] was born in Nagaon, Assam.
|-
|1450 || || [[Ravidas|Shri Guru Ravidas Ji]] was born in 1450 in Varanasi. He was an Indian mystic poet-sant of the [[Bhakti movement]] during the 15th to 16th century CE. Venerated as a guru in the region of Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh, the devotional songs of Ravidas have had a lasting impact upon the bhakti movement.
|-
| 1451 ||19 April || [[Bahlul Khan Lodhi]] ascends the throne of the [[Delhi sultanate]] starting the [[Lodhi dynasty]]
|-
| 1456 || || [[Rana Kumbha]] of Mewar defeats the combined armies of Shams Khan (sultan of Nagaur) and [[Ahmad Shah II|Qutbuddin Ahmad Shah II]] (Sultan of Gujarat) in the [[Battle of Nagaur]] and captures Nagaur, Kasili, Khandela and Shakambhari. Nagaur Sultanate ceases to exist.
|-
| 1469 ||15 April || [[Guru Nanak]], the founder of [[Sikhism]] is born
|-
| 1483 ||14 February || Birth of [[Babur]] in [[Andijan]], [[Fergana Valley]] in Central Asia
|-
| 1485 || || [[Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya]] drives out [[Praudha Raya]] ending the [[Sangama Dynasty]]
|-
| 1486 || || Advent of [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]], founder of [[Gaudiya Vaishnavism]] and leader of the world's first civil disobedience movement, in [[Navadwip]], [[West Bengal]]
|-
| 1490 || || Ahmadnagar declares independence, followed by [[Adil Shahi|Bijapur]] and [[Berar Sultanate|Berar]] in the same year thus breaking up the [[Bahmani Sultanate]].
|-
| 1492 ||30 March || [[Satal Rathore of Marwar]] kills Afghan warlord Gudhla Khan in the Battle of Peepar, to rescue 140 girls abducted by the Afghans. He later succumbs to injuries sustained in the battle.
|-
| 1498 ||20 May || [[Vasco de Gama]] was the first portage's sailor first voyage from Europe to India and back (in 1499)
|}

== Colonial India ==
{{Main|Colonial India}}
=== [[16th century]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| [[1503 in India|1503]] || || [[Kingdom of Cochin]] is taken over by the Portuguese creating the first European settlement in India.
|-
| [[1508 in India|1508]] ||3 February || The Christian-Islamic power struggle in Europe and the Middle East. Spills over into the Indian Ocean as [[Battle of Chaul]] during the [[Portuguese-Mamluk War]]
|-
| [[1509 in India|1509]] || 3 February || [[Battle of Diu]] marks the beginning of the dominance of the Europeans in the Asian naval theater.
|-
| [[1510 in India|1510]] || 20 May || [[Portuguese India]] (to 1961)
|-
| [[1518 in India|1518]] || || [[Udaipur State|Kingdom of Mewar]] under [[Rana Sanga]] defeats [[Lodi dynasty|Lodi Empire]] under [[Ibrahim Lodhi]] in the [[Battle of Khatoli]], gains control over north eastern Rajasthan.
|-
| [[1519 in India|1519]] || || Kingdom of Mewar under Rana Sanga defeats the [[Malwa Sultanate]] and the [[Gujarat Sultanate]] in the [[Battle of Gagron]], obtains control of [[Malwa]].
|-
| [[1519 in India|1519]] || || The Kingdom of Mewar under Rana Sanga again defeats Lodi Empire under Ibrahim Lodi in the [[Battle of Dholpur]], extends control up to Agra.
|-
| rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;"| [[1520 in India|1520]] || || [[Vijayanagara Empire]] under [[Krishnadevaraya]] defeats the [[Sultanate of Bijapur]] in the [[Battle of Raichur]].
|-
| || [[Rana Sanga]] leads a coalition of Rajput armies to invade the [[Gujarat Sultanate]], reinstates Raimal as the Rao of [[Idar State|Idar]]. The Sultan of Gujarat is forced to flee to [[Champaner|Muhammadabad]].
|-
| || Death of mystic poet-sant of the Bhakti movement Shri Guru [[Ravidas]].
|-
| [[1522 in India|1522]] || || Portuguese land on the [[Coromandel Coast]]
|-
| [[1523 in India|1523]] || || Portuguese explorers established [[Santhome Church]] above the Tomb of [[Saint Thomas the Apostle]] in [[Chennai]].
|-
| [[1526 in India|1526]] || 21 April || Sultan [[Ibrahim Lodi]], of the [[Delhi Sultanate]], angers local nobles, who respond by inviting [[Babur]], the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] ruler of [[Kabul]], to invade [[Delhi]] and [[Agra]]. The local population, plus the possession of artillery, assists Babur in killing the Sultan (whose soldiers desert him) at the [[Battle of Panipat (1526)|Battle of Panipat]]. Marks the Beginning of Mughal Empire for 231 Years Rule Over India (1526-1757) Ce.
|-
| [[1527 in India|1527]] || 17 March || Babur bribes [[Mewar]] general [[Silhadi]] promising Silhadi a kingdom, if Silhadi betrays Mewar King [[Rana Sanga]] in [[Battle of Khanwa]], thus leading to the annexation of Mewar.
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"| [[1530 in India|1530]] || || Astronomer-mathematician [[Jyeṣṭhadeva]] of the [[Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics]] writes the [[Yuktibhāṣā]], a major treatise on mathematics and astronomy in [[Malayalam]]
|-
| 28 March,27 January || Babur<ref name="originsnet.org"/> completes his [[Baburnama]], reflecting on society, politics, economics, history, geography, nature, flora and fauna, which to this day is a standard textbook in 25 countries. Babur dies, and is succeeded by his son [[Humayun]].
|-
| [[1532 in India|1532]] || || [[Ahom kingdom|Ahom]]s under king [[Suhungmung]] defeat Turbak Khan of the [[Bengal Sultanate]] in Battle of Hatbor.
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"| [[1539 in India|1539]] || || [[Battle of Chausa]] fought between [[Humayun]] and [[Sher Shah Suri]] in which Humayun defeated.
|-
| || [[Guru Angad Dev]] becomes second guru of Sikhs.
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1540 in India|1540]] ||18 September || Battle of [[Kannauj]] fought between Humayun and Sher Shah Suri and Humayun was completely defeated. Humayun lost the Mughal empire to Afghans (Suri Dynasty), and passed 12 years in exile.
|-
|9 May || Birth of [[Maharana Pratap]] Singh of Mewar ( son of Maharana Udai Singh II )
|-
| [[1542 in India|1542]] || 15 October || Birth of [[Akbar]] at [[Umerkot]].
|-
| [[1545 in India|1545]] || 22 May || Death of [[Sher Shah Suri]] and succeeded by [[Islam Shah Suri]].
|-
| [[1552 in India|1552]] ||26 March || [[Guru Amar Das]] becomes third Guru of Sikhs.
|-
| [[1554 in India|1554]] || 22 November || Death of [[Islam Shah Suri]].
|-
| [[1555 in India|1555]] || 22 May || Humayun regained the throne of Delhi from the hands of weak successors of Sher Shah.
|-
| rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;"| [[1556 in India|1556]] || 27 January|| Humayun converts from [[Sunni Islam]] to [[Shia]] Islam, to gain the alliance of the Shah of [[Persia]]. Humayun dies, and is succeeded by his son [[Akbar]].
|-
|7 October || Hindu king [[Hemu]] defeats Mughal forces in the [[Battle of Tughlaqabad]]
|-
|5 November || Hindu king [[Hemu]] establishes 'Hindu Raj' in North India and bestowed with title of "Vikramaditya"; [[Battle of Panipat (1556)|Second Battle of Panipat]] fought between Hemu and [[Akbar]]'s forces in which Hemu is killed.
|-
| [[1565 in India|1565]] || 26 January || [[Battle of Talikota]] results in the rout of Vijayanagara empire.
|-
| [[1568 in India|1568]]|| || [[Paradesi Synagogue]], the first Jewish synagogue in India constructed by the [[Paradesi Jews]].
|-
| [[1572 in India|1572]] || || Akbar annexes [[Gujarat]], also shifts the Mughal capital to Fatehpur Sikri where a new township and citadel containing buildings of a unique all-India character—inspired by the architecture of Bengal, Gujarat, Malwa, Kashmir as well as the Timurid world—is born.
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"| [[1574 in India|1574]] ||1 September || [[Guru Ram Das]] becomes fourth Guru of Sikhs.
|-
| || Akbar annexes [[Bengal]].
|-
| [[1581 in India|1581]] || 1 September || [[Guru Arjan Dev]] becomes fifth Guru of Sikhs.
|-
| [[1582 in India|1582]] || || [[Maharana Pratap]] defeats [[Mughal Empire|Mughal Forces]] of [[Akbar]] in [[Battle of Dewair]] in present-day [[Rajasthan]]<ref name="James Tod">{{cite book|author=James Tod|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57374/57374-h/57374-h.htm|title=Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan, v. 1 of 3|publisher=Oxford University Press|year= 1920|pages=588}}</ref>
|-
| [[1586 in India|1586]] || 6 October || Akbar annexes [[Kashmir]].
|-
| [[1589 in India|1589]]|| || [[Harmandir Sahib]] (Golden Temple) build in Amritsar by [[Guru Arjan]]
|- [[1592 in India Maharana pratap died]]
| [[1600 in India|1600]] || 31 December ||[[East India Company]] is formed in England. Gets exclusive trading rights with India.
|}

=== [[17th century]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| [[1602 in India|1602]]|| || [[Netherlands|Dutch]] came to India at [[Pulicut]] (back to 1825).
|-
| [[1605 in India|1605]] ||27 October || [[Akbar]] dies, and is succeeded by his son [[Jahangir]].
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1606 in India|1606]] ||25 May || [[Guru Hargobind]] is selected to becomes the sixth guru of Sikhs by [[Guru Arjan]]
|-
|30 May || [[Guru Arjan]] is tortured and killed under orders of Mughal Emperor [[Jahangir]] for refusing to convert to Islam.
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1612 in India|1612]] ||30 November || [[British India]] (to 1947)
|-
|24 August || [[East India Company]] enters into a trade agreement with the Mughal Emperor [[Jahangir]]
|-
| [[1616 in India|1616]]|| || [[Susenghphaa]], ruler of the [[Ahom kingdom]] defeats Mughal forces in a land and naval battle at Bharali, Assam.<ref>{{cite book |title= History of North East India|url= https://rgu.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Download_629.pdf|publisher= Rajiv Gandhi University|page= 32}}</ref>
|-
| [[1621 in India|1621]] || || Sikhs army led by [[Guru Hargobind]] defeat Mughals in the [[Battle of Rohilla]]
|-
| [[1628 in India|1628]]|| || [[Jahangir]] announces "Chain of Justice" outside his palace that anyone can ring the bell and get a personal hearing with the emperor. Jahangir dies, and is succeeded by his son [[Shah Jahan]].
|-
| [[1630 in India|1630]]||19 February || Birth of [[Shivaji|Chhatrapati Shivaji]] Maharaj.
|-
| [[1634 in India|1634]]||14 April || Sikhs army led by [[Guru Hargobind]] defeat Mughals in the [[Battle of Amritsar (1634)]]
|-
| [[1634 in India|1634]]||15 October || Sikhs army of 2000 led by [[Guru Hargobind]] defeat a Mughal army of 36000 in the [[Battle of Lahira]] and kill the Mughal generals Qumar Beg and Lala Beg.
|-
| [[1635 in India|1635]]||25 April || Sikhs army of 1800 led by [[Guru Hargobind]] defeat a Mughal army of 52000 in the [[Battle of Kartarpur]]
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1644 in India|1644]] || 8 March || [[Guru Har Rai]] becomes seventh guru of Sikhs
|-
| || [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj]] takes oath of Independence at [[Raireshwar]].
|-
| [[1640 in India|1640]]|| || [[Rani Karnavati of Garhwal|Rani Karnavati]] of the [[Garhwal Kingdom]] repels and defeats invasion attempt by Mughal army of [[Shah Jahan]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=olP_A60L-CMC&dq=Rani+Karnavati&pg=PA44 Karnavati] ''Garhwal Himalayas: A Study in Historical Perspective'', by Ajay S. Rawat. Published by Indus Publishing, 2002. {{ISBN|81-7387-136-1}}. ''Page 43-44''.</ref>
|-
| [[1658 in India|1658]]|| || Shah Jahan completes [[Taj Mahal]], [[Jama Masjid, Delhi|Jama Masjid]], and [[Red Fort]]. Imperial treasuries drained by architectural and military overexpenditures. Shah Jahan put under house arrest, and is succeeded by his son [[Aurangzeb]].
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"| [[1659 in India|1659]] || 19 February || [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj]]'s ill-equipped and small [[Maratha]] army defeat numerically much larger [[Adilshah]]i troops at the [[Battle of Pratapgarh]] marking the first victory of the [[Maratha Empire]]. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj personally kills [[Adilshah]]i commander [[Afzal Khan (general)]].
|-
| 27 December || Marathas under [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj ]] defeat the [[Adilshah]]i troops in the [[Battle of Kolhapur]]
|-
| 1660 || 13 July || Maratha army of 600 defeats a much larger army of the [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Bijapur Sultanate]] of 10,000 in the [[Battle of Pavan Khind]], near the city of [[Kolhapur]].
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"| 1661 || 3 February || Marathas under [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj]] defeat [[Mughal Empire]] forces in the [[Battle of Umberkhind]].
|-
| 6 October || [[Guru Har Krishan]] becomes eight guru of Sikhs.
|-
| [[1664 in India|1664]]|| 6–10 January || Marathas under [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj]] defeat [[Mughal Empire]] forces in the [[Battle of Surat]].
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"| [[1665 in India|1665]]|| 13 February || Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj conducts a raid on the [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]] colony in [[Basrur]] and gains a large booty which enables him to strengthen the base of his new kingdom by building a strong navy and forts.
|-
| 20 March || [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] becomes ninth Guru of Sikhs.
|-
|1665
|11 June
|[[Treaty of Purandar (1665)]] (or पुरंदर चा तह) was signed on 11 June 1665, between Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and the Rajput ruler Jai Singh I.
|-
| [[1669 in India|1669]]||28 November|| [[Jat people|Jats]] defeats the [[Mughal Empire]] in the [[Battle of Tilpat]] takes control of [[Mathura]]
|-
| [[1670 in India|1670]]||4 February || Marathas under [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj]] capture the fort of Sinhagad (then known as Kondhana) from the Mughals in the [[Battle of Sinhagad]].
|-
| rowspan=2| [[1671 in India|1671]]|| || [[Ahom kingdom]] defeats the [[Mughal Empire]] in the [[Battle of Saraighat]], takes back control of [[Guwahati]]
|-
| || [[Chhatrasal]] revolts against the Mughal Empire with an army of only 5 horsemen and 25 swordsmen. In ten years he conquers a large tract of land between Chitrakoot, Chhatarpur and Panna in the east and Gwalior in the west, and from Kalpi in the north to Sagar, Garhakota, Shahgarh and Damoh in the south.
|-
| [[1672 in India|1672]]||February || Maratha forces under [[Prataprao Gujar]] defeat a Mughal army twice its size in the [[Battle of Salher]]
|-
| rowspan=2| [[1672 in India|1672]]|| || Marathas defeat Mughal forces and capture Kolistan in present day Palghar district of Maharashtra and the southern regions of Gujarat, in [[Maratha occupation of Kolistan (1672)]]
|-
| 6 June|| Forces led by [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj]] defeat Aurangzeb's troops, and establishes [[Maratha Empire]]. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj is crowned [[Chhatrapati]].
|-
| rowspan=2| [[1675 in India|1675]]|| 6 May || Marathas defeat the [[Bijapur Sultanate]] and capture the Fortress of Ponda after the [[Siege of Ponda]]
|-
| 24 November || [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]], the ninth Guru of Sikhs is tortured and executed in Delhi by the order of Aurangzeb for his support for the Kashmiri Hindus to practice their religion and for refusing to convert to Islam.
[[Guru Gobind Singh]] becomes tenth Guru of Sikhs.
|-
| rowspan=3|[[1680 in India|1680]]||3 April || [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj]] dies of fever at [[Raigad fort|Raigad]].
|-
||20 July || [[Sambhaji]] becomes 2nd Chhatrapati of the [[Maratha Empire]]
|-
|| || [[Venad (historical region)|Kingdom of Venad]] defeats the Mughal Empire in the [[Battle of Manacaud]]
|-
| rowspan=2| [[1681 in India|1681]]|| || [[Aurangzeb]] invades the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]]
|-
|31 January – 2 February || Maratha ruler [[Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj]] attacks and [[Sacking of Burhanpur (1681)|sacks the Mughal city Burhanpur]]
|-
| [[1682 in India|1682]]||August|| [[Ahom kingdom]] defeats the [[Mughal Empire]] in the [[Battle of Itakhuli]], takes back control of [[Kamrup region]]
|-
| [[1684 in India|1684]]|| || Marathas under Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj repel a [[Mughal invasions of Konkan (1684)|Mughal attempt to invade Konkan]]. Mughals are forced into a slow retreat and suffer great losses.
|-
| [[1687 in India|1687]] || 16 December || Marathas under Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj defeat the Mughal Army in the [[Battle of Wai]]. However, Maratha General [[Hambirrao Mohite]] is killed.
|-
| [[1688 in india|1688]]|| || The Sikandara was plundered by [[Rajaram of Sinsini|Rajaram Jat]]. Even the skeleton of Akbar , was taken out and the bones were consumed to flames.
|-
| [[1689 in India|1689]]||11 March || After being ambushed and captured by the Mughals, [[Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj]] is tortured and killed for refusing to convert to Islam.
[[Rajaram I]] becomes the third Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire.
|-
| [[1690 in India|1690]]|| || Maratha Empire defeats the Mughal Empire in the [[Battle of Athani]]
|-
| [[1691 in India|1691]]|| || Joint forces of [[Bhim Chand (Kahlur)]] of [[Bilaspur State|Bilaspur]] and Guru Gobind Singh defeat Mughal army in the [[Battle of Nadaun]].
|-
| [[1692 in India|1692]]|| December || Maratha General [[Santaji Ghorpade]] defeats Mughal General Alimardan Khan and captures him.
Mughal army under [[Zulfikhar Ali Khan]] defeated by Santaji and [[Dhanaji Jadhav]] and Zulfiquar Khan is forced to sue King Rajaram for peace
|-
| [[1693 in India|1693]]|| 21 November || Maratha General [[Santaji Ghorpade]] defeats Mughal General Himmat Khan.
|-
| [[1695 in India|1695]]|| 20 November || Maratha General [[Santaji Ghorpade]] defeats and kills Mughal General Kasim Khan.
|-
| rowspan=2| [[1696 in India|1696]] || || Sikhs under Guru Gobind Singh defeat Mughal forces in the [[Battle of Guler (1696)]]
|-
|20 November || [[Danish India]] (to 1869)
|-
| [[1699 in India|1699]]||3 October || Guru Gobind Singh, the 10th Guru of Sikhs creates [[Khalsa]], the saint-soldier at [[Anandpur Sahib]], Punjab.
|}

=== [[18th century]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | [[1700 in India|1700]]|| || Sikhs army of 1000 under Guru Gobind Singh defeats Mughal army numbering 10,000 in the [[Battle of Anandpur (1700)]]
|-
| 3 March || [[Rajaram I]] dies. The infant [[Shivaji II]] becomes the Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire, with his mother [[Tarabai]] as the regent. She continues the Maratha battles against the Mughal Empire, leading the Maratha army herself.
|-
| [[1702 in India|1702]]|| || Sikhs army under Guru Gobind Singh defeats Mughal army in the [[Battle of Nirmohgarh (1702)]]
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | [[1707 in India|1707]] || 13 February || Birth of [[Suraj Mal]] son of [[Badan Singh]]
|-
| 3 March || Death of [[Aurangzeb]] the Mughal monarch. Marks the end of Mughal Territorial Expansion over India.
|-
| [[1708 in India|1708]]||7 October || [[Guru Gobind Singh]] is assassinated by Mughals and the [[Guru Granth Sahib]] becomes the eternal Guru of the Sikhs.
|-
| [[1710 in India|1710]] ||12 May || [[Sikh Khalsa Army|Sikh army]] under [[Banda Singh Bahadur]] defeats Mughal Empire in the [[Battle of Chappar Chiri]] and establishes Sikh rule from Lahore to Delhi.
|-
| [[1717 in India|1717]]|| || [[Meitei people|Meitei]] king Pamheipa ([[Gharib Nawaz (Manipur)]]) introduces Hinduism as the state religion and changes the name of the kingdom to the Sanskrit Manipur.
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1721 in India|1721]] || March – October || [[Attingal Outbreak]] takes place
|-
| 13–14 November || [[1721 Madras cyclone|Madras cyclone]] occurs
|-
| [[1720 in India|1720]]|| || [[Bajirao I]] appointed by Shahu Maharaj as [[Peshwa]] (prime minister) who would later expand the Maratha empire to cover most of present-day India.
|-
| [[1724 in India|1724]]|| || [[Meitei people|Meitei]] king [[Gharib Nawaz (Manipur)|Gharib Nawaz]] of the [[Ningthouja dynasty]] invades Burma.
|-
| [[1728 in India|1728]]|| 28 February || [[Bajirao I]] defeats the combined forces of the Mughal Empire and the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]] in the [[Battle of Palkhed]]
|-
| [[1729 in India|1729]]|| March || Maratha Empire under Bajirao defeats Mughal Empire, in response for an appeal for help from [[Chhatrasal]], ruler of [[Bundelkhand]] in the [[Battle of Bundelkhand]]
|-
| [[1731 in India|1731]]|| || Maratha Empire under Bajirao defeats Mughal Empire and Maratha rebel factions in the [[Battle of Dabhoi]]
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1737 in India|1737]]|| 16 March || Marathas under Bajirao I defeat the [[Mughal Empire]] in the [[Battle of Delhi (1737)]]
|-
| 24 December || Marathas defeat a combined army of the Mughal Empire, [[Nizam of Hyderabad]], [[Nawab of Awadh]] and [[Nawabs of Bhopal]] in the [[Battle of Bhopal]]
|-
| [[1739 in India|1739]] ||17 February – 16 May || Marathas under Bajirao I defeat the Portuguese in the [[Battle of Vasai]], Portuguese army and administration pulled out of Baçaim ([[Vasai]]).Nadir Shah invades India from Iran.Nadir Shah captures and sacks Delhi.
|-
| [[1740 in India|1740]]|| May || [[Raghoji I Bhonsle]] of the Maratha Empire defeats and kills [[Dost Ali Khan]] the Mughal Nawab of Arcot in the Battle of Damalcherry.<ref name="Jeremy Black">{{cite book|author=Jeremy Black|title=War in the Eighteenth-Century World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zcEcBQAAQBAJ&dq=battle+of+Damalcherry&pg=PA60|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year= 2012|isbn=9780230370005|page=60}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1741 in india|1741]]|| 26 March || Maratha army defeats the Nawab of Carnatic and captures Trichinopoly after the [[Siege of Trichinopoly (1741)]]
|-
| 10 August || Kingdom of [[Travancore]] under [[Marthanda Varma]] defeats the [[Dutch Empire]] in the [[Battle of Colachel]].
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1753 in india|1753]]|| 10 May || Jats under [[Suraj Mal]] defeat the Mughal Empire in the [[Capture of Delhi (1753)]]
|-
| 15 August || [[Marthanda Varma#Treaty of Mavelikkara (1753)|Treaty of Mavelikkara]] signed between the [[Kingdom of Travancore]] and the [[Dutch East India Company]], effectively ending the political and commercial dominance of the Dutch on the Kerala coast and beginning of the end of Dutch influence in India.
|-
| [[1754 in india|1754]]|| 20 January – 18 May || [[Bharatpur State]] defeat the Marathas in [[Battle of Kumher]].
|-
| [[1756 in India|1756]] || || [[Black Hole of Calcutta]] infamous incident where soldiers of East India Company were held hostage in tortuous conditions, later served as a precedent for the Battle of Plassey
|-
| rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1757 in India|1757]] ||16 January || Maratha Empire defeats [[Durrani Empire]], in the [[Battle of Narela]].
|-
|23 June || British East India Company defeats the [[Nawab of Bengal]] in the [[Battle of Plassey]], marking the End of Islamic period of 565 Years over India (1192-1757) & beginning of British conquests in India.
|-
|11 August || Maratha Empire defeats [[Rohilla|Rohilla Afghans]] in the [[Battle of Delhi (1757)]], captures Delhi.
|-
| [[1757 in india|1757]]|| 12 February || Jats defeats Durrani Empire, in the [[Battle of Bharatpur]].
|-
| rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1758 in India|1758]] || || [[Carnatic Wars#Third Carnatic War (1756–1763)|Third Carnatic War]]
|-
|28 April || [[Maratha Empire]] led by [[Raghunathrao]] and [[Mahadaji Shinde]] defeats [[Durrani Empire]] in the [[Battle of Attock (1758)]], captures [[Attock]].
|-
|8 May || Maratha Empire led by Raghunathrao, [[Malhar Rao Holkar]] and [[Tukoji Rao Holkar]] defeats Durrani Empire in the [[Battle of Peshawar (1758)]], captures [[Peshawar]].
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1759 in India|1759]]|| || [[French India]] (to 1954)
|-
| || Maratha Empire supported by [[Sukerchakia Misl|Sikh Sukerchakia Misl]] defeats Durrani Empire in the [[Battle of Lahore (1759)]]
|-
| [[1760 in India|1760]] || 3 January || [[Maratha]]s comprehensively defeat the [[Nizam]] in the [[Battle of Udgir]].
[[Maratha Empire]] reaches its zenith.
|-
|[[1760 in India|1760]] || || [[Battle of Wandewash|Battle at Wandewash]], British troops beat French
|-
| rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:middle;" | [[1761 in India|1761]] || January || The [[Maratha]]s are routed in the [[Battle of Panipat (1761)|Third Battle of Panipat]] on 14 January 1761, by the Afghans led by [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]], also known as Ahmad Shah Abdali. The battle is considered one of the largest battles fought in the 18th century.
|-
| 12 June || [[Capture of Agra Fort]] by the [[Bharatpur State|Kingdom of Bharatpur]] led by king [[Suraj Mal]], defeating the armies of the Mughal Empire and [[Rohilla|Rohilla Afghans]]
|-
| August || The [[Sukerchakia Misl]] of [[Dal Khalsa (Sikh Empire)]] defeats the [[Durrani Empire]] in the [[Battle of Sialkot (1761)]]
|-
| September || The [[Sikh Confederacy]] defeats the [[Durrani Empire]] in the [[Battle of Gujranwala (1761)]]
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | [[1762 in India|1762]] || 5 February|| [[Vadda Ghalughara]], the massacre of 30,000 Sikhs, mostly non-combatants, by the army of [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]]
|-
| May || [[Sikh Misls]] under [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]] defeat the [[Durrani Empire]] in the [[Battle of Harnaulgarh]]
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | [[1763 in India|1763]] ||10 August || Maratha Empire led by [[Madhavrao I]] defeats the Nizam of Hyderabad in the [[Battle of Rakshasbhuvan]] and gains territory.
|-
| 25 December || [[Suraj Mal]] dies
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | [[1764 in India|1764]]||26 February || [[Sikh Misls]] under [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]] defeat the [[Durrani Empire]] in the [[Battle of Sirhind (1764)]] and capture [[Sirhind]]
|-
| 22 October || [[Battle of Buxar]] (British victory against allied Mughal, Bengal and Oudh forces)
|-
| [[1765 in India|1765]] ||February || Kingdom of Bharatpur led by king [[Jawahar Singh]] defeats the Mughal Empire in the [[Battle of Delhi (1764)]]
|-
| [[1767 in India|1767]] || || [[First Anglo-Mysore War]] begins, in which Hyder Ali of Mysore defeats the armies of the British East India Company.
|-
| [[1770 in India|1770]]|| || [[Great Bengal famine of 1770]], estimated to have caused the deaths of about 10 million people.<ref>{{cite book|author=Amartya Sen|title=Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation|url=https://archive.org/details/povertyfamineses0000sena|url-access=registration|year=1981|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-828463-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/povertyfamineses0000sena/page/39 39]}}</ref> [[Warren Hastings]]'s 1772 report estimated that a third of the population in the affected region starved to death. The famine is attributed to failed monsoon and exploitative policies of the East India Company.<ref name="Jonsson2013p167">{{cite book|author=Fredrik Albritton Jonsson|title=Enlightenment's Frontier: The Scottish Highlands and the Origins of Environmentalism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d9FUmajYyqgC&pg=PT167|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-16374-2|pages=167–170}}</ref>
|-
| [[1771 in India|1771]]|| || [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]] led by Mahadaji Shinde defeat [[Rohilla|Rohilla Afghans]] and [[Capture of Delhi (1771)|re-capture Delhi]] and parts of [[North India]], thus [[Maratha Resurrection|reasserting their supremacy]] in north India. As revenge for the losses in the Battle of Panipat, the Maratha army devastated Rohilkhand by looting and plundering and also took the members of royal family as captives.
|-
| [[1772 in India|1772]] ||22 May || [[Ram Mohan Roy]] Born (to 1833)
|-
| rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1773 in India|1773]]|| || [[Narayanrao]] Peshwa is murdered by his uncle [[Raghunathrao]]'s wife in front of Raghunathrao.
|-
| || [[Regulating Act of 1773]]
|-
| || [[Warren Hastings]] appointed as first [[Governor-General of Bengal]]
|-
| [[1774 in India|1774]] || || [[Chief Justice]] of the [[Maratha Empire]], [[Ram Shastri]] passes death sentence against the ruling [[Peshwa]] [[Raghunathrao]] for murdering his nephew.
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1775 in India|1775]]|| || [[First Anglo-Maratha War]]
|-
| June || Alliance of [[Shekhawat]] chieftains and [[Jaipur State|Kingdom of Jaipur]] defeat the [[Mughal Empire]] supported by Baloch chieftains in the [[Battle of Mandan]]
|-
| [[1779 in India|1779]]|| || [[Maratha]] ''[[sardar]]'' [[Mahadji Shinde]] routs the [[East India Company]] [[army]] at the [[Battle of Wadgaon]]. War ends with the restoration of status quo as per [[Treaty of Salbai]].
|-
| [[1780 in India|1780]] || || [[Second Anglo-Mysore War]] begins.
|-
| [[1781 in India|1781]]|| || [[Maratha Empire]] defeats forces of the [[East India Company|British East India Company]] in the [[Bhor Ghat#History|Battle of Bhorghat]].
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1784 in India|1784]]|| || [[Second Anglo-Mysore War]] ends with the [[Treaty of Mangalore]].
|-
| || [[Captivity of Mangalorean Catholics at Seringapatam]], suffer extreme hardships, torture, death, forcibly converted to Sunni Islam. Of the 60,000–80,000 Christians taken captive, only 15,000–20,000 survive.
|-
| [[1786 in India|1786]] || || [[District Collector|District collectors]] in [[Bengal]] were made responsible for settling the revenue and collecting it.
|-
| [[1787 in India|1787]]|| || Maratha Empire defeats [[Tipu Sultan]], the [[Kingdom of Mysore|king of Mysore]] in the [[Maratha–Mysore War]], resulting in the Treaty of Gajendragad. Tipu Sultan is forced to pay 4.8 million rupees as a war cost to the Marathas, an annual tribute of 1.2 million rupees and return all the territory captured by his father [[Hyder Ali]]
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1789 in India|1789]]|| || [[Third Anglo-Mysore War]] begins.
|-
| || [[Tipu Sultan]] invades [[Malabar Coast|Malabar]] (present day Kerala), destroys a number of temples including the temples of [[Bhagamandala]], [[Payyavoor]], Ammakoottam Mahadevi temple and Thrikkadamba Sri.mahavishnu temple. Thousands are killed, women raped and populace forced to convert to Islam,
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1790 in India|1790]] || || The [[Marathas]] under [[Holkar]] and [[Benoît de Boigne|General de Boigne]] defeat the [[Rajputs]] of [[Jaipur]] and [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] at the [[Battle of Patan]], where 3000+ Rajput cavalry is killed and the entire Mughal unit vanquished. The defeat crushes Rajput hope of independence from external influence
|-
| May|| [[Kingdom of Travancore]] defeats the [[Kingdom of Mysore]] in the [[Battle of Nedumkotta]]
|-
| [[1792 in India|1792]]|| || [[Third Anglo-Mysore War]] ends.
|-
| [[1793 in India|1793]] || || Birth of [[Rani Rashmoni]], one of the pioneers of the [[Bengali Renaissance]].
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1795 in India|1795]] || 11 March || Maratha Empire defeats the Nizam of Hyderabad in the [[Battle of Kharda]], Nizam ceded territory.
|-
| 13 August || Death of [[Ahilyabai Holkar]]
|-
| [[1796 in India|1796]] || || [[Ching-Thang Khomba]] moves [[Manipur]]'s capital to [[Kangla]]
|-
| [[1798 in India|1798]] || || [[Fourth Anglo-Mysore War]] begins.
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1799 in India|1799]] || || [[Fourth Anglo-Mysore War]] ends with the death of [[Tipu Sultan]], the victory of the East India Company, and the restoration of their ally, the [[Wodeyar]] dynasty of Mysore.
|-
| || [[Polygar War]]
|-
| [[1800 in India|1800]]||13 March || Death of [[Nana Fadnavis]]
|}

=== [[19th century]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| [[1801 in India|1801]] || 12 April || [[Maharaja]] [[Ranjit Singh]] establishes [[Khalsa]] rule of Punjab from Lahore. Khalsa army liberates [[Kashmiri Pandits]] and invades Afghanistan via the Khyber Pass.
|-
| [[1802 in India|1802]] || || The [[Kingdom of Kottayam]] defeats the [[East India Company|British East India Company]] in the [[Battle of Panamarathukotta]]
|-
| [[1803 in India|1803]] || || The [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]] begins.
|-
| [[1805 in India|1805]] || 17 December || The [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]] ends.
|-
| [[1806 in India|1806]] || 10 July|| [[Vellore mutiny]]
|-
| [[1807 in India|1807]] || || [[Hari Singh Nalwa]], commander of the [[Sikh Khalsa Army]] of the [[Sikh Empire]] defeats the [[Durrani Empire]] in the [[Battle of Kasur]], the first in a series of battles.
|-
| [[1809 in India|1809]]|| 25 April || The East India Company signs the first [[Treaty of Amritsar (1809)|Treaty of Amritsar]] with Ranjit Singh.
|-
| [[1811 in India|1811]] ||28 October || The death of [[Yashwantrao Holkar]]
|-
| [[1813 in India|1813]] ||13 July || [[Dewan Mokham Chand]] and Hari Singh Nalwa, commanders of the Sikh Khalsa Army of the Sikh Empire defeat the Durrani Empire in the [[Battle of Attock]] and capture [[Attock]]
|-
| [[1815 in India|1814]]|| 15 January || "[[Atmiya Sabha]]" is established by [[Ram Mohan Roy|Raja Ram Mohan Roy]].
|-
| [[1817 in India|1817]] || 3 June, 20 January || The [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]] begins.
Establishment of Hindu College (Presidency College, now [[Presidency University, Kolkata]])
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1818 in India|1818]] || March – 2 June || Sikh Empire defeats the Durrani Empire and captures [[Multan]] after the [[Siege of Multan (1818)]].
|-
| 31 December || The [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]] ends with the defeat of [[Bajirao II]] and the end of the [[Maratha Empire]], leaving the [[East India Company]] with control of almost the whole of [[India]].
|-
| [[1819 in India|1819]]|| 3 July || Sikh Empire defeats the Durrani Empire in the [[Battle of Shopian]] and captures [[Srinagar]] and [[Kashmir]].Islamic rule ends in Jammu Kashmir.
|-
| [[1820 in India|1820]] || 31 December || [[Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar]] is born (to 1891).
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1823 in India|1823]] ||5 March || [[Anglo-Burmese Wars]] (to 1826)
|-
| 14 March || Sikh Empire defeats the [[Emirate of Afghanistan]] and the [[Nawab of Amb]] to annex [[Peshawar Valley]], in the [[Battle of Nowshera]]
|-
| [[1824 in India|1824]] || 12 February || [[Dayananda Saraswati]] is born (to 1883)
|-
| [[1825 in india|1825]]||December 1825 – January 1826|| Battle between [[British East India Company]] and [[Bharatpur State]]
|-
| [[1826 in India|1826]]||4 January || [[British rule in Burma]] (to 1947)
|-
| [[1827 in India|1827]] || 11 April || [[Jyotirao Phule]] is born (to 1890)
|-
| [[1828 in India|1828]] || 19 November || [[Rani of Jhansi|Rani of Jhansi Laxmi bai]] was born (to 1858)
|-
|1829
|
|[[Kol uprising]]
|-
| [[1831 in India|1831]]|| 6 May || Sikh Empire defeats the [[Mujahideen]] forces of [[Syed Ahmad Barelvi]] in the [[Battle of Balakot]]
|-
| [[1834 in India|1834]]|| 6 May || Sikh Empire defeats the forces of Afghan [[Durrani Empire]] in the [[Battle of Peshawar (1834)]]. Peshawar becomes part of the Sikh Empire.
|-
| [[1836 in India|1836]] ||18 February || [[Sri Ramakrishna Paramhansa]] is born (to 1886)
|-
| [[1837 in India|1837]] ||18 February || [[Hari Singh Nalwa]], commander of the [[Sikh Khalsa Army]] defeats the [[Durrani Empire]] in the [[Battle of Jamrud]] and extends the frontier of [[Sikh Empire]] to beyond the Indus River right up to the mouth of the [[Khyber Pass]].
|-
| [[1839 in India|1839]] || || [[First Anglo-Afghan War]]
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1845 in India|1845]] ||13 January || [[First Anglo-Sikh War]]s (to 1849)
|-
| 4 November || [[Vasudev Balwant Phadke]] is born (to 1883)
|-
| [[1848 in India|1848]] ||22 November|| The [[Sikh Empire]] under [[Sher Singh Attariwalla]] defeats the [[British East India Company]] under [[Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount Gough|Sir Hugh Gough]] in the [[Battle of Ramnagar]]
|-
| [[1849 in India|1849]] ||13 January || The [[Sikh Empire]] under [[Sher Singh Attariwalla]] defeats the [[British East India Company]] under Sir Hugh Gough in the [[Battle of Chillianwala]]
|-
| [[1853 in India|1853]] ||1 April || The Post Service started.
|-
| [[1853 in India|1853]] || 16 April || The first railway is established between [[Bombay]] and [[Thane]].
|-
|rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1855 in India|1855]] || 31 May|| [[Rani Rashmoni]] builds the [[Dakshineswar Kali Temple]].
|-
| 30 June || [[Santhal rebellion]]
|-
| rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1856 in India|1856]] || 25 July || [[Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act, 1856]]
|-
| 23 July || [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]] is born (to 1920)
|-
| 20 August || [[Narayana Guru]] is born (to 1928)
|-General service enlistment act 1856
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1857 in India|1857]] || 10 May || British victory in [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]].
Last [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Bahadur Shah Zafar]] was deposed by [[British East India Company]] and India transferred to [[British Crown]].Marks the End of Mughal Dynasty Rule over India.
|-
| 18 July, 24 January|| India's first three universities, the [[University of Mumbai]], the [[University of Madras]] and the [[University of Calcutta]], are established.
|-
| rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1858 in India|1858]] || 18 June 1858 || [[Rani of Jhansi| Rani of Jhansi, Rani Lakshmibai died]]
|-
| 1 November || [[British Raj]] (to 1947) Marks the Beginning Of Direct British Rule Over India For 89 Years(1858-1947).
|-
| 7 November || [[Bipin Chandra Pal]] is born (to 1932)
|-
| [[1859 in India|1859]] || 18 April || Death of [[Tatya Tope]]
|-
| [[1861 in India|1861]] || 7 May || [[Rabindranath Tagore]] is born.
|-
|[[1861 in India|1862]]
|
|The high courts of Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay are established.<ref>Chandra, Bipan. 'Administrative Organisation and Social and Cultural Policy.' Modern India. NCERT. 1971.</ref>
|-
| [[1863 in India|1863]] ||12 January || [[Swami Vivekanand]] is born (to 1902)
|-
| [[1865 in India|1865]] || 28 January || [[Lala Lajpat Rai]] is born (to 1928)
|-
| [[1867 in India|1867]] ||31 March || "[[Prarthana Samaj]]" established earlier known as "Atmiya Sabha", "[[Tahzeeb-ul-Akhlaq]]" was started
|-
| [[1869 in India|1869]] ||2 October || [[Mahatma Gandhi]] is born (to 30 January 1948)
[[Thakkar Bapa]] is born (to 1951)
|-
|1873
|24 September
|Jyotirao Phule establishes the [[Satyashodhak Samaj]] society.
|-
| rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1875 in India|1875]] || 10 April|| "[[Arya Samaj]]" is established.
|-
| || [[Aligarh Muslim University]]
|-
| || [[Deccan Riots]]
|-
|1876
|25 December
|[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] was born (1876–1948)
|-
| [[1877 in India|1877]] || 1 January || The first [[Delhi Durbar]]
|-
| [[1883 in India|1883]]
|| 30 October|| Maharishi Dayanand Saraswati dies
|-
| [[1885 in India|1885]] || 28 December || The [[Indian National Congress]] is established<ref name="bbc">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-12641776|access-date=27 November 2013|title=BBC News – India profile – Timeline|work=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131122050339/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-12641776|archive-date=22 November 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[1889 in India|1889]] || 14 November || [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] is born (to 1964).
|-
| [[1889 in India|1889]] || 3 December|| [[Khudiram Bose]] is born (to 1908).
|-
| [[1891 in India|1891]] || 14 April || [[B. R. Ambedkar]] is born (to 1956).
|-
| [[1891 in India|1891]] || 31 March || [[Anglo-Manipur War]].
|-
|[[1895 in India|1895]]
|11 May
|[[Jiddu Krishnamurti|jiddu krishnamurti]] is born (to 17 February 1986).
|-
| rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1897 in India|1897]]||23 January||[[Subhas Chandra Bose]] is born (to 1945); the first fingerprint bureau of India is established in Calcutta.
|-
| 11 June|| [[Ram Prasad Bismil]] is born
|-
| 22 June|| [[Chapekar brothers]] assassinate W.C.Rand.
|}

== Modern India ==
=== [[20th century]] ===

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| [[1900 in India|1900]] || 3 March || [[Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi]] is born (to 1966).
|-
|-
| [[1902 in India|1902]] || || [[Anushilan Samiti]], revolutionary association formed.
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1903 in India|1903]] ||11 December || [[British expedition to Tibet]]
|-
| 1 January|| [[Delhi Durbar]] Second Time.
|-
| [[1904]] || 5 November|| [[University Act]]
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1905 in India|1905]] || || Bharat Sevak Samaj founded by [[Gopal Krishna Gokhale]].
|-
| 16 October || [[Partition of Bengal (1905)]]
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1906 in India|1906]] || || [[Jugantar]] formed.
|-
| 30 December || [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]] formed in [[Dacca]].
|-
|[[1907]]
|
|[[Surat Split]]
|-
| [[1908 in India|1908]]
|| || [[Alipore bomb case]]
|-
| [[1909 in India|1909]] || || [[Indian Councils Act 1909|Morley-Minto Reforms]]
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1911 in India|1911]] || || Cancellation of [[Partition of Bengal (1905)|Partition of Bengal]]
|-
| || [[Delhi Durbar]] Third Time
|-
| rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1911 in India|1911]] || 12 December || The British government moves the capital from [[Calcutta]] to [[Delhi]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://famousdaily.com/history/indias-capital-moved-from-calcutta-to-new-delhi.html | title=India's capital is moved from Calcutta to New Delhi on 12 December 1911 | date=12 December 2012 | access-date=25 February 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301143257/http://famousdaily.com/history/indias-capital-moved-from-calcutta-to-new-delhi.html | archive-date=1 March 2014 | url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[1912 in India|1912]] || || [[Delhi conspiracy case]]
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1913 in India|1913]] || || [[Gadar Party]] formed.
|-
| || [[Rabindranath Tagore]] won [[Nobel Prize in Literature]]
|-
| [[1914 in India|1914]] || || [[Hindu–German Conspiracy]]
|-
| rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1915 in India|1915]] || || [[Ghadar conspiracy]]
|-
| || [[Provisional Government of India]] formed in Kabul.
|-
| || [[Mahatma Gandhi]] returns to India.
|-
| [[1916 in India|1916]] || || [[Lucknow Pact]]
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1917 in India|1917]] || || [[Champaran Satyagraha]]
|-
| || [[Justice Party (India)]] is founded
|-
|[[1918 in India|1918]] || || [[Kheda Satyagraha]] and [[champaran satyagraha|Ahmedabad Mill Strike]]
|-
| rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1919 in India|1919]] ||13 April
| [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre]]
|-
| || [[Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms]]
|-
| 18 March|| [[Rowlatt Act]] is passed

Diarchy
|-
| [[1920 in India|1920]] || || [[Non-cooperation movement]] [[Khilafat Movement]]
|-[[1921 in India|1921]] || || [[Malabar rebellion]] [[Foundation Visva Bharati University by Kabiguru Rabindranath Tagore]]
| [[1922 in India|1922]] || 5 February || [[Chauri Chaura incident]]
|-
| [[1924 in India|1924]] || || The [[Hindustan Socialist Republican Association]] is formed.
|-
| [[1925 in India|1925]] || 9 August || [[Kakori conspiracy]]
|-
| [[1925 in India|1925]] || 27 September || [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS) is founded.
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1927 in India|1927]] || 20 March || [[Mahad Satyagraha]]
|-
| November || [[Simon Commission]]
|-
| [[1928 in India|1928]] || || [[Bardoli Satyagraha]]
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1929 in India|1929]] || || Central Assembly bombed by [[Bhagat Singh]] and [[Batukeshwar Dutt]].
|-
| || [[Purna Swaraj]] resolution.
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1930 in India|1930]] || || [[Salt Satyagraha]], the civil disobedience movement, begins with the Dandi march.
|-
| || The first [[Round Table Conferences (India)]]
|-
| rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1931 in India|1931]] || March || [[Gandhi–Irwin Pact]]
|-
| 23 March || [[Bhagat Singh]], [[Shivaram Rajguru|Rajguru]] and [[Sukhdev]] martyred
|-
| September–December || The second [[Round Table Conferences (India)]]
|-
| rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1932 in India|1932]] || 24 September || [[Poona Pact]]
|-
| 16 August || [[Communal Award]]
|-
| November–December || The third [[Round Table Conferences (India)]]
|-
| [[1935 in India|1935]] || August || [[Government of India Act 1935]]
|-
| [[1937 in India|1937]] || || [[1937 Indian provincial elections]]
|-
| [[1939 in India|1939]] || || The [[All India Forward Bloc]] established by [[Subhas Chandra Bose]]
|-
| rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1940 in India|1940]] || 23 March || [[Lahore Resolution]]
|-
|| || The [[All-India Jamhur Muslim League]] established by [[Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi]] to support a united India
|-
|-
| 8 August || [[August offer 1940]]
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1942 in India|1942]] || late March || [[Cripps' mission]]
|-
| August || 1. [[Quit India Movement]] 2. The [[Indian National Army]] is established by [[Subhas Chandra Bose]].
|-
| [[1943 in India|1943]] || || [[Arzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind]], the Provisional Government of Free India is formed by Netaji.
|-
| [[1944 in India|1944]] || || Subhas Chandra Bose calls [[Mahatma Gandhi]] the Father of the Nation.
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1945 in India|1945]] || 18 August || [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] death in plane crash at Taiwan.
|-
| || Wavell Plan, [[Simla Conference]]
|-
| rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1946 in India|1946]] || February || [[Royal Indian Navy mutiny]]
|-
| March || [[Cabinet Mission]]
|-
| 16 August || [[Direct Action Day|Direct Action Day/Great Calcutta Killings]]
|-
| October–November || [[Noakhali riots]]
|-
| rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1947 in India|1947]] || July || [[Indian Independence Act 1947]] by [[British Raj]]
|-
| 14 August || [[Partition of India]] and Pakistan becomes an independent state<ref name="bbc" />
|-
| 15 August || Indian independence from the [[British Raj]].
|-
| || Hundreds of thousands die in widespread communal bloodshed after partition, continuing to 1948.
|-
| rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1948 in India|1948]] || 30 January ||[[Mahatma Gandhi]] is assassinated by [[Nathuram Godse]]. 
|-
| || [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947|War with Pakistan]] over disputed territory of [[Kashmir]].
|-
| || Telangana and other princely states are integrated into Indian union.
|-
| [[1950 in India|1950]] || [[Republic Day (India)|26 January]] || India became a republic.
|-
| [[1951 in India|1951]] || || Reconstruction of the [[Somnath temple]] under the orders of the Home Minister of India [[Vallabhbhai Patel]].{{sfn| Venugopalam|2003|pp=92–95}}
|-
| [[1951 in India|1951]] || || Congress Party wins first general elections under leadership of [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] (to 1952).
|-
| [[1955 in India|1955]] || || Nationalisation of the Indian insurance sector. Establishment of [[Life Insurance Corporation of India|LIC]].
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1956 in India|1956]] || 14 October || [[B. R. Ambedkar]] converted to [[Buddhism]] along with 600,000 followers.
|-
| 6 December || [[B. R. Ambedkar]] died. [[States Reorganization Act]] in force from 1 November.
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1962 in India|1962]] || || War over disputed territory of Kashmir<ref name="bbc" /> with China.
|-
| || [[India]] seizes [[Diu, India|Diu]], [[Daman District, India|Daman]] and [[Goa]] from [[Portuguese India]].
|-
| [[1964 in India|1964]] || 27 May || Death of Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]].
|-
| [[1965 in India|1965]] || 6–23 September || [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|Second war]] with Pakistan over Kashmir.
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1966 in India|1966]] || 11 January || Prime Minister [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]'s mysterious death in Tashkent.
|-
| 24 January || Nehru's daughter [[Indira Gandhi]] becomes prime minister.
|-
|rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | 1969 ||19 July |||Nationalisation of 14 major private Banks.
|-
| 15 August ||[[Indian Space Research Organisation]] formed under [[Department of Space]].
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1971 in India|1971]] || 3–16 December || [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|Third war]] with [[Pakistan]], culminating in the creation of [[Bangladesh]]
|-
| || Twenty-year treaty of friendship signed with Soviet Union.
|-
| [[1974 in India|1974]] || 18 May || [[India]] [[Smiling Buddha]] first [[nuclear device]] in underground test.
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1975 in India|1975]] || 15 May || [[Sikkim]] becomes part of Indian Union after a referendum in the Sikkim Assembly.
|-
| 25 June || [[Indira Gandhi]] declares [[The Emergency (India)|a state of emergency]] after being found guilty of electoral malpractice. Nearly 1,000 political opponents imprisoned and programme of compulsory birth control introduced. (to 1977)
|-
| [[1977 in India|1977]] || || [[Indira Gandhi]]'s Congress Party loses general elections. Janata Party comes to power. The [[Communist Party of India]] comes into power in West Bengal.
|-
| [[1979 in India|1979]] || || The Janata Party splits. Chaudhary [[Charan Singh]] becomes Prime Minister.
|-
| [[1980 in India|1980]] || || [[Indira Gandhi]] returns to power heading the Congress party splinter group, Congress (Indira).
|-
| [[1983 in India|1983]] || || [[N. T. Rama Rao]] NTR's nine-month-old Telugu Desam assumes power in AP becoming a challenger post Loknayak Jayprakash Narayan against Indira Gandhi.
|-
| [[1983 in India|1983]] || || India won World Cup for the first time, in one day international Cricket led by Kapil Dev.
|-
| rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1984 in India|1984]]
| || Troops storm [[Golden Temple]], the Sikhs' most holy shrine, after [[Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale]] seeks refuge inside. There are a movement to flush out Sikh separatism and calls for secularism, called [[Operation Blue Star]]. "Anti-Sikh Riots 1984".
|-
| || [[Indira Gandhi]] is assassinated by her Sikh bodyguards; her son, Rajiv, takes over.
|-
| || Many Sikhs were killed due to the assassination of Indira Gandhi. ''see [[1984 anti-Sikh riots]].''
|-
| [[1987 in India|1987]] || || India deploys troops for peacekeeping operation in Sri Lanka's ethnic conflict.
|-
| [[1988 in India|1988]] || || [[SEBI]] was established by The [[Government of India]] on 12 April 1988 and given statutory powers in 1992 with SEBI Act 1992 being passed by the [[Parliament of India|Indian Parliament]].
|-
| [[1989 in India|1989]] || || Falling public support leads to a Congress defeat in general election.
|-
| [[1989 in India|1989]] || || The [[National Front (India)]], headed by [[V. P. Singh]] and led by Janata Dal, is formed and storms into power with outside support from BJP and CPI.
|-
| [[1990 in India|1990]] || || Muslim separatist groups begin campaign of violence against Hindus in Kashmir resulting in [[Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus]].
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1991 in India|1991]] || || [[Rajiv Gandhi]] is assassinated by a suicide bomber sympathetic to Sri Lanka's [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam|Tamil Tigers]].
|-
| || An economic reform programme or [[Economic liberalisation]] in India is begun by Prime Minister [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]].
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1992 in India|1992]] || || [[Demolition of the Babri Masjid|Babri Mosque in Ayodhya is demolished]], triggering [[Bombay riots|widespread Hindu-Muslim violence]].
|-
| || Over 200 people die in [[Cuttack]] in [[Odisha]], after drinking illegally brewed liquor in the [[1992 Odisha liquor deaths]] incident.
|-
| [[1995 in India|1995]] || July || West Bengal Chief Minister [[Jyoti Basu]] made the first call from Kolkata to inaugurate the cellular services in India.
|-
| [[1996 in India|1996]] || || Congress suffers its worst electoral defeat ever as BJP emerges as the largest single party.
|-
| [[1996 in India|1996]] || August || The [[1996 Amarnath Yatra tragedy|Amarnath Yatra tragedy]] in which at least 194 pilgrims are reported to have frozen to death in northern Kashmir after being stranded by violent rain and snow storms.
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1998 in India|1998]] || || BJP forms coalition government under Prime Minister [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]].
|-
| || India and Pakistan carry out nuclear tests, leading to widespread international condemnation.
|-
| rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[1999 in India|1999]] || February || [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee|Vajpayee]] makes a historic bus trip to Pakistan to meet Premier [[Nawaz Sharif]] and to sign bilateral Lahore peace declaration.
|-
| May || Indian Army launches operations to evict Pakistani forces occupying Indian positions on the icy heights in [[Kargil district]], known as the [[Kargil War]].
|-
| October || The [[1999 Odisha cyclone|Cyclone devastates eastern state of Odisha]], leaving at least 10,000 dead.
|-
| rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[2000 in India|2000]] || March || US President [[Bill Clinton]] makes a groundbreaking visit to improve ties.
|-
| May || India marks the birth of its billionth citizen.
|-
|November ||The states of [[Jharkhand]], [[Chhattisgarh]] and [[Uttarakhand]] were created on 15 November 2000.
|}

=== [[21st century]] {{anchor|3rd millennium}} ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date ||style="width:84%"| Event
|-
| rowspan="9" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[2001 in India|2001]]|| 26 January || The 7.7 {{M|w}} [[2001 Gujarat earthquake|Gujarat earthquake]] shakes [[Western India]] with a maximum [[Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli intensity]] of X (''Extreme''), leaving 13,805–20,023 dead and about 166,800 injured.
|-
| July || [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee|Vajpayee]] meets Pakistani President [[Pervez Musharraf]] in the first summit between the two neighbours in more than two years. The meeting ends without a breakthrough or even a joint statement because of differences over Kashmir.
|-
| July || Vajpayee's BJP party declines his offer to resign over a number of political scandals and the apparent failure of his talks with Pakistani President [[Musharraf]].

|-
| September || US lifts sanctions which it imposed against [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] after they staged nuclear tests in 1998. The move is seen as a reward for their support for the US-led anti-terror campaign.
|-
| October || India and Pakistan fire at each other's military posts in the heaviest firing along the dividing line of control in Kashmir for almost a year.<ref name="in.reuters.com">{{Cite news |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/india-pakistan-idINKCN0HV0OY20141006 |title=India-Pakistan fighting kills 9 civilians, 3 militants |publisher=Reuters|access-date=27 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219133539/http://in.reuters.com/article/2014/10/06/india-pakistan-idINKCN0HV0OY20141006 |archive-date=19 December 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| October || Pakistani forces shelled the village of Arnia about three km (two miles) from the border in the early hours of Monday 6 June, killing five and wounding at least two dozen civilians.<ref name="in.reuters.com" />
|-
| December || Suicide squad attacks parliament in New Delhi, killing several police. The five gunmen die in the assault.
|-
| December || India imposes sanctions against Pakistan, to force it to take action against two Kashmir militant groups blamed for the suicide attack on parliament. Pakistan retaliates with similar sanctions, and bans the groups in January.
|-
|December
|India, Pakistan mass troops on common border amid mounting fears of a looming war.
|-
| rowspan="6" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[2002 in India|2002]] || || War of words between Indian and Pakistani leaders intensifies. Actual war seems imminent.
|-
| January || India successfully test-fires a nuclear-capable ballistic missile – the Agni – off its eastern coast.
|-
| February || Inter-religious bloodshed breaks out after 59 Hindu pilgrims returning from Ayodhya are killed in a train fire in Godhra, Gujarat. More than 1,000 people, die in subsequent riots. (Police and officials blamed the fire on a Muslim mob; a 2005 government investigation said it was an accident, though later court and SIT report held Muslim mob responsible.)
|-
| May || Pakistan test-fires three medium-range surface-to-surface Ghauri missiles, which are capable of carrying nuclear warheads.
|-
| June || UK, US urge their citizens to leave India and Pakistan, while maintaining diplomatic offensive to avert war.
|-
| July || Retired scientist and architect of India's missile programme [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] is elected president.
|-
| rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[2003 in India|2003]] || August || At least 50 people are killed in two simultaneous bomb blasts in Bombay.
|-
| November || India matches Pakistan's declaration of a Kashmir ceasefire.
|-
| December || India, Pakistan agree to resume direct air links and to allow overflights.
|-
| rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[2004 in India|2004]] || January || Groundbreaking meeting is held between government and moderate Kashmir separatists.
|-
| May || Surprise victory for Congress Party in general elections. [[Manmohan Singh]] is sworn in as prime minister.
|-
| September || India, along with Brazil, Germany and Japan, launches an application for a permanent seat on the [[UN Security Council]].
|-
| November || India begins to withdraw some of its troops from Kashmir.
|-
| December || Thousands are killed when [[tsunami]], caused by the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|2004 Indian Ocean earthquake]] off the [[Indonesia]]n coast, devastate coastal communities in the south and in the [[Andaman Islands|Andaman]] and [[Nicobar Islands|Nicobar]] Islands.
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[2005 in India|2005]] || July || More than 1,000 people are killed in floods and landslides caused by monsoon rains in Mumbai (Bombay) and Maharashtra region.
|-
| 8 October || The 7.6 {{M|w}} [[2005 Kashmir earthquake|Kashmir earthquake]] strikes with a maximum [[Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli intensity]] of VIII (''Severe''), leaving 86,000–87,351 people dead, 69,000–75,266 injured, and 2.8 million homeless.
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[2006 in India|2006]] || February || India's largest-ever rural jobs scheme is launched, aimed at lifting around 60 million families out of poverty.
|-
| March || US and India sign a nuclear agreement during a visit by US President George W. Bush. The US gives India access to civilian nuclear technology while India agrees to greater scrutiny for its nuclear programme.
|-
| rowspan="8" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[2007 in India|2007]] || February || India and Pakistan sign an agreement aimed at reducing the risk of accidental nuclear war.
|-
| 18 February || 68 passengers, most of them Pakistanis, are killed by bomb blasts and a blaze on a train travelling from New Delhi to the Pakistani city of Lahore.
|-
| March || Maoist rebels in Chhattisgarh state kill more than 50 policemen in a dawn attack.
|-
| April || India's first commercial space rocket is launched, carrying an Indian satellite.
|-
| May || Government announces its strongest economic growth figures for 20 years – 9.4% in the year to March.
|-
| May || At least nine people are killed in a bomb explosion at the main mosque in Hyderabad. Several others are killed in subsequent rioting.
|-
| July || India says the number of its people with HIV or AIDS is about half of earlier official tallies. Health ministry figures put the total at between 2 million and 3.1 million cases, compared with previous estimates of more than 5 million.
|-
| 25 July || [[Pratibha Patil]] becomes first woman to be elected president of India
|-
| rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[2008 in India|2008]] || July || Series of explosions kills 49 in Ahmedabad, in Gujarat state. The little-known terrorist group Indian Mujahideen claims responsibility.
|-
| October || Following approval by the US Congress, President [[George W. Bush]] signs into law a nuclear deal with India, which ends a three-decade ban on US nuclear trade with Delhi.
|-
| October || India successfully launches its first mission to the moon, the unmanned lunar probe [[Chandrayaan-1]].
|-
| November || The [[2008 Mumbai attacks]] (often called the 26/11 attacks) kill 174 people, including 9 of the 10 terrorists from [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]], an Islamic terrorist organisation based in Pakistan. India decides not to attack Pakistan in retaliation.
|-
| December || India announces "pause" in peace process with Pakistan. Indian cricket team cancels planned tour of Pakistan.
|-
| rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[2009 in India|2009]] || February || India and Russia sign deals worth $700 million, according to which Moscow will supply Uranium to Delhi.
|-
| May || Resounding general election victory gives governing Congress-led alliance of PM [[Manmohan Singh]] an enhanced position in parliament, only 11 seats short of an absolute majority.
|-
| July || Delhi court decriminalizes gay sex
|-
| rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[2010 in India|2010]] || 13 February <td> 16 people are killed in a [[2010 Pune bombing|bomb explosion at German Bakery]] in the city of Pune, Maharashtra.</td>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[2011 in India|2011]] || 2 April <td> India wins cricket world cup after 28 years under the captaincy of Mahendra Singh Dhoni.</td>
|-
| 13 May <td> After 34 years of [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] Government, [[Trinamool Congress]] and Congress alliance come to power in [[West Bengal]].</td>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[2012 in India|2012]] || 25 July <td> [[Pranab Mukherjee]], the former Finance Minister is elected as the 13th president of India.</td>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[2013 in India|2013]] || 12 February || [[2013 Indian helicopter bribery scandal|Indian helicopter bribery scandal]] comes to light.
|-
| 21 February || [[2013 Hyderabad blasts|Terror attacks in Hyderabad]] in [[Dilsukhnagar]] area.
|-
| 5 November || [[Mars Orbiter Mission]], is successfully launched into Mars orbit by the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO).<ref name='Pro'>{{cite news |last=Walton |first=Zach |title=India Announces Mars Mission One Week After Curiosity Landing |url=http://www.webpronews.com/india-announces-mars-mission-one-week-after-curiosity-landing-2012-08 |work=Web Pro News |access-date=8 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925110129/http://www.webpronews.com/india-announces-mars-mission-one-week-after-curiosity-landing-2012-08 |archive-date=25 September 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="India-20120815">{{cite news |title=Manmohan Singh formally announces India's Mars mission |url=http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/article3775271.ece |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=31 August 2012 |author=Staff |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120831120009/http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/article3775271.ece |archive-date=31 August 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="NYT-20120830">{{cite news |last=Bal |first=Hartosh Singh |title=BRICS in Space |url=http://latitude.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/08/30/india-and-china-race-to-send-a-mission-to-mars/ |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=31 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902000018/http://latitude.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/08/30/india-and-china-race-to-send-a-mission-to-mars/ |archive-date=2 September 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[2014 in India|2014]] || 16 May || [[Narendra Modi]] elected as prime minister of India, Congress was routed in the general elections.
|-
| 2 June || [[Telangana]], The state of Telangana was officially formed on 2 June 2014.
|-
| rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[2016 in India|2016]] || 2–5 January || Terror Attacks on [[Pathankot]] Air Base.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Pathankot terror attack: Terrorists hid overnight in airbase shed|url = http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/pathankot-attack-terrorists-hid-overnight-in-airbase-shed/|website = The Indian Express|date = 2016-01-13|access-date = 2016-01-13|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160113195307/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/pathankot-attack-terrorists-hid-overnight-in-airbase-shed/|archive-date = 13 January 2016|url-status = live}}</ref>
|-
| 27 June || India becomes a member of Missile Technology Control Regime.
|-
| 27 September || India launches its first space laboratory Astrosat in its biggest project since its Mars orbiter mission in 2014.
|-
| 23 September || India signs a billion-dollar defence deal with France to buy 36 Rafale fighter jets.
|-
| 8 November || In a surprise announcement, the government withdraws high denomination notes from circulation causing chaotic scenes at banks across the country as customers try to exchange old notes.
|-
| rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;" | [[2017 in India|2017]] || 30 June || The [[Goods and Services Tax (India)|Goods and Services Tax]] (GST) launched, the biggest tax reform in history of India.
|-
| rowspan="6" style="vertical-align:top;"|[[2019 in India|2019]]
| 14 February ||A convoy of vehicles carrying [[Central Reserve Police Force]] (CRPF) personnel on the [[Jammu–Srinagar National Highway]] was attacked by a vehicle-borne [[Suicide Bomber|suicide bomber]] in the [[Pulwama district]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India.
|-
|26 February||The [[2019 Balakot airstrike]] was conducted by India, when Indian warplanes crossed the [[Line of Control|de facto border]] in the disputed region of [[Kashmir]], and dropped bombs in the vicinity of the town of Balakot in [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] province in Pakistan.
|-
|27 February ||The 2019 Balakot strike from Indian side was given a reply named "Swift Retort". After a dog fight between Pakistani and Indian Fighter Pilots. Indian Wing Commander [[Abhinandan Varthaman]] was captured by the Pakistani side. However acting to the pressure of various global leaders and bound by the [[Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties|Vienna Convention]]. Pakistan was Forced to release the Indian Pilot with all due respect.
|-
| 22 May ||Narendra Modi re-elected as the Prime Minister of India, Congress routed once again
|-
| 5 August || The state of Jammu and Kashmir divided into two separate union territories known as Jammu Kashmir and Ladakh by scrapping of [[Article 370 of the Constitution of India]].
|-
|11 December ||The [[Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019]] was passed by the Parliament of India on 11 December 2019. It amended the Citizenship Act of 1955 by providing a path to Indian citizenship for members of Hindu, Sikh, Buddhiist, Jain, Parsi, and Christian religious minorities, who had fled persecution from Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan before December 2014.
|-
|[[2020 in India|2020]]
|30 January ||The first COVID-19 case of the country was reported in Kerala's Thrissur district.
|-
|[[2021 in India|2021]]
|
|
|-
|[[2022 in India|2022]]
|
|
|}

== See also ==
* [[Chronology of Tamil history]]
* [[Hindu units of time]]
* [[Sikh gurus]] (1469–1666)
* [[Tamil units of measurement]]
* [[Timeline of Ahmedabad]]
* [[Timeline of Ayyavazhi history]]
* [[History of Hinduism]]
* [[Timeline of Buddhism]] (563 BCE – present)
* [[Timeline of Jainism]]
* [[Timeline of Mumbai]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{citation |last=Wright |first=Rita P. |title=The Ancient Indus: Urbanism, Economy, and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MG2ztAEACAAJ |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-521-57219-4}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-12641776 BBC India Timeline]

{{India year nav}}

[[Category:History of India|*]]
[[Category:Indian history timelines]]
[[Category:Timelines by country|India]]
[[Category:History of Pakistan]]

Battle of Chillianwala

2022-11-01T06:22:12Z

Snixtrrr: New page layout.

{{Short description|1849 battle of the Second Anglo-Sikh War in northwestern India}}
{{More citations needed}}
{{Use British English}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Battle of Chillianwala
| partof = the [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]]
| image = Battle of Chillianwalla.jpg
| caption = Map of the battle
| date = 13 January 1849
| place = [[Chillianwala]] near the [[River Jhelum]], [[Mandi Bahauddin District]] [[Punjab region|Punjab]]
| territory =
| result = Sikh Victory
| combatant1 = [[Image:Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg|25px]] [[East India Company]]
| combatant2 = [[File:Sikh Empire flag.jpg|25px]] [[Sikh Empire]]
| commander1 = [[Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount Gough|Sir Hugh Gough]]
| commander2 = [[Raja]] [[Sher Singh Attariwalla]]
| strength1 = 15,000<ref name=Sadler44>Sadler, p.44</ref> 100 guns
| strength2 = 10,000<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Patwant |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vr4VAQAAIAAJ |title=Empire of the Sikhs: The Life and Times of Maharaja Ranjit Singh |last2=Rai |first2=Jyoti M. |date=2008 |publisher=Peter Owen |isbn=978-0-7206-1323-0 |pages=257 |language=en}}</ref>-13,000<ref>{{cite web | url=http://orbat.com/site/history/historical/uk/chillianwala1849.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007165716/http://orbat.com/site/history/historical/uk/chillianwala1849.html | archive-date=7 October 2007 | title=Chillianwala }}</ref> 60 guns
| casualties1 = 2,512 (~1,512 Indian, ~1,000 British)<ref>Farwell, p.58</ref>
| casualties2 = Unknown
| casus =
}}
{{Campaignbox Second Anglo-Sikh War}}

The '''Battle of Chillianwala''' was fought in January 1849 during the [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]] in the [[Chillianwala]] region of [[Punjab region|Punjab]]<ref name="1911 Encyclopædia Britannica">{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Chillianwalla|volume=6|pages=161–162|short=1}}</ref> ([[Mandi Bahauddin]]), now part of modern-day [[Pakistan]]. The battle was one of the bloodiest fought by the [[British East India Company]]. Both armies held their positions at the end of the battle and both sides claimed victory.<ref name=Heath42>Heath, p.42</ref> The battle was a strategic check to immediate British ambitions in India and a shock to British military prestige.<ref name="AHAmin">[http://orbat.com/site/history/historical/uk/chillianwala1849.html Major A. H. Amin (retd.) Orbat.com] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007165716/http://orbat.com/site/history/historical/uk/chillianwala1849.html }}</ref>

==Prelude==
The Second Anglo-Sikh war broke out in the Punjab, which had recently lost much of its independence to the [[British East India Company]] following the [[First Anglo-Sikh War]], in April 1848, when the city of [[Multan]] rebelled under [[Dewan Mulraj]]. The East India Company's Commissioner for the Punjab, [[Sir Frederick Currie, 1st Baronet|Frederick Currie]], sent several forces of locally raised troops to help quell the revolt. One of these forces consisted largely of Sikhs, formerly from the [[Sikh Khalsa Army]], under [[Sher Singh Attariwalla]]. Some junior British Political Officers viewed this development with alarm as Sher Singh's father, [[Chattar Singh Attariwalla]], was known to be plotting sedition in [[Hazara, Pakistan|Hazara]], north of the Punjab.

On 14 September, Sher Singh's army also rebelled. Other than opposition to the British, Mulraj and Sher Singh had no aims in common. Sher Singh decided to move his army north, to join that of Chattar Singh, who had also rebelled. However, some British officers had taken steps to secure vital fortresses. For the time being, Chattar Singh was unable to leave Hazara, as the British held [[Attock]] on the [[Indus River]], and the passes over the [[Margalla Hills]] separating Hazara from the Punjab. Instead, Sher Singh moved a few miles north and fortified the crossings over the [[Chenab River]], while awaiting events.

The East India Company responded by announcing their intention to depose the young Maharaja, [[Duleep Singh]], annexe the Punjab and confiscate the lands of any landholders who joined the revolt.<ref>Hernon, p.583</ref> While an army under Major General Whish resumed the [[Siege of Multan (1848-1849)|Siege of Multan]], the company ordered the formation of an Army of the Punjab under the veteran Commander in Chief, Sir [[Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount Gough|Hugh Gough]]. However, both Gough and the Governor General, the 37-year-old [[James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie|Lord Dalhousie]], delayed operations until after the end of the [[monsoon]] season, allowing Sher Singh to gather reinforcements and establish strong positions.

Gough took charge of the Army on 21 November. The next day, he attacked Sher Singh's bridgehead on the left bank of the Chenab at [[Battle of Ramnagar|Ramnagar]] but was repulsed, raising Sikh morale. On 1 December, a cavalry division under Major General [[Joseph Thackwell]] crossed the Chenab upstream from Ramnagar. Sher Singh advanced against him, resulting in a day-long artillery duel at Sadullapur. Gough meanwhile bombarded the empty Sikh positions at Ramnagar, and postponed a general attack until the next day. During the night, Sher Singh withdrew to the north.

Gough then halted, awaiting further instructions from Dalhousie. Early in January 1849, news came that the British had recaptured the city of Multan (although Mulraj still defended the citadel), but also that the Muslim garrison of Attock had defected to Amir [[Dost Mohammad Khan]] of Afghanistan, who was half-heartedly supporting Chattar Singh. The fall of Attock nevertheless allowed Chattar Singh's army to leave Hazara and move south. Dalhousie ordered Gough to seek out and destroy Sher Singh's main army before the Sikh armies could combine, without waiting for reinforcements from the army at Multan.

==First contact==
[[File:Battle of Chillianwala oil painting.jpg|thumb|''Battle of Chilianwala, 13 January 1849'', oil on board by Lieutenant (later Colonel) Charles Becher Young (1816-1892), Bengal Engineers, c.1849]]
On 13 January, Gough's army was marching towards the reported Sikh position at [[Rasul, Punjab|Rasul]], on the left bank of the [[Jhelum River]], about {{convert|85|mi|km}} north-west of [[Lahore]]. At noon, they drove a Sikh outpost out of the village of [[Chillianwala]]. At this point, Gough intended to march round to the north of the Sikh position and attack its left flank on the following day, but from the vantage point of a mound near Chillianwala, it was apparent that the Sikhs had advanced from their original positions along ridges close to the Jhelum. Sher Singh's army had originally occupied a position six miles long, too extended for their numbers and vulnerable to a flank attack such as Gough proposed. By advancing, Sher Singh made a British flank march too risky and forced the British to make a frontal attack.<ref name=defencejournal>[http://www.defencejournal.com/2000/july/chillianwala.htm A. H. Amin, defencejournal.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216224904/http://www.defencejournal.com/2000/july/chillianwala.htm }}</ref>

It was estimated by [[Frederick Mackeson]], Gough's attached political officer, that Sher Singh's army numbered 23,000 (although most later British historians put it at 30,000 or more), including 5,000 irregular cavalry, with some 60 guns. However after the [[First Anglo-Sikh War]], the Khalsa was reduced to 12,000 infantry and 60 guns in total, so some historians have stated the Sikh army could not have been more than 10,000 on the day.<ref name="AHAmin"/>

The Sikh army consisted of three main bodies of troops.<ref>Farwell, pp.53–54</ref> On the left under Sher Singh himself were one cavalry regiment, nine infantry battalions, some irregulars and 20 guns, occupying some low hills and ridges. In the centre under Lal Singh were two cavalry regiments, ten infantry battalions and 17 guns, mostly concealed in or behind belts of scrub and jungle. On the right was a brigade which formerly had garrisoned [[Bannu]], consisting of one cavalry regiment, four infantry battalions and eleven guns, anchored on two villages. Other irregulars extended Sher Singh's left flank.<ref name=defencejournal/>

Gough intended to delay the attack until the following day, but as his army prepared to pitch camp, hitherto concealed Sikh artillery opened fire from positions much closer than had been anticipated. Gough later wrote that he feared the Sikhs might bombard his encampments overnight, though some of his officers believed he had merely been stung into hasty action.<ref>Hernon, p.594</ref>

Gough's army was composed of two infantry divisions, each of two brigades, each in turn of one British and two Bengal Native infantry battalions, with a total of 66 guns from the [[Bengal Artillery]] and [[Bengal Horse Artillery]]. The 3rd Division under Sir [[Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde|Colin Campbell]], with two field artillery batteries and three horse artillery troops, was deployed on the left, while the 2nd Division commanded by Major General [[Sir Walter Gilbert]] was deployed on the right with a field artillery battery and three horse artillery troops. Gough also had a cavalry division under Major General Joseph Thackwell, but this was split, with one brigade on each flank; Brigadier White's on the left, Brigadier Pope's on the right. Gough deployed two heavy artillery batteries with eight 18-pounder guns and four 8-inch howitzers in the centre. A brigade of Bengal Native troops under Brigadier Penney was in reserve.<ref name=defencejournal/>

==The battle==
[[File: Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount Gough (1779–1869).jpg|thumb|right|Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount Gough (1779–1869), Oriental Club, Hanover Square, London.]]
[[File:Sher Singh Attariwalla (cropped).jpg|thumb|Sher Singh Attariwalla]]

Gough ordered the advance to commence at about 3:00 pm. From the outset, the right-hand brigade of Campbell's division, commanded by Brigadier [[John Pennycuick (brigadier)|Pennycuick]], was in difficulties. Because the jungle made it difficult for Campbell to coordinate his two brigades, he assumed personal command of the left hand brigade under Brigadier Hoggan, while ordering Pennycuick to attack with the bayonet. The British regiment of Pennycuick's brigade was the [[The South Wales Borderers|24th Foot]], which had only recently arrived in India. They advanced very rapidly, but lost cohesion and also lost touch with the rest of the brigade in the thick scrub. Trying to attack Sikh guns head-on, they suffered heavily from [[grapeshot]]. When they reached the main Sikh positions, Sikh resistance was desperate and the 24th were driven back. The Queen's colours were lost,<ref>Hernon, p.596</ref> although the Sikhs never claimed to have captured them and they were either destroyed or conceivably buried with the officer who had carried them. Pennycuick's brigade eventually became completely disorganised and had to make its way back to the start line in small parties. Pennycuick himself was killed.
[[File:Plaque erected in the memory of Brigadier John Pennycuick and his son Alexender of 24th Regiment, both of whom died in Battle of Chillianwala on 18 January 1849 by Sarah Pennycuick, widow and mother of deceased.jpg|thumb|Picture of the plaque erected in St James Church Sialkot Cantonment by Sarah Pennycuick, widow of Brigadier John Pennycuick and mother of Alexender of 24th Regiment, both of whom died in Battle of Chillianwala on 13 January 1849.]]
Campbell's left hand brigade (under Brigadier Hoggan and Campbell himself) had greater success. The [[61st (South Gloucestershire) Regiment of Foot|61st Foot]] captured several guns and even an elephant, and Brigadier White's cavalry followed up with an effective charge. Hoggan's troops eventually met the left-hand brigade of Gilbert's division, commanded by Brigadier Mountain, behind the Sikhs' centre positions.

On Gough's right however, his troops had met with disaster. While Gilbert's two brigades had at first successfully driven the Sikhs before them, capturing or spiking several guns, on their right flank, Brigadier Pope (who was almost an invalid) first ordered an ineffective cavalry charge through thorn scrub which threw his brigade into confusion, and then panicked and ordered a retreat. One of his British cavalry regiments, the [[14th King's Hussars|14th Light Dragoons]], routed. The Sikhs followed up the fleeing cavalry and captured four guns. They then attacked Gilbert's right-hand infantry brigade, commanded by Brigadier Godby, from the rear, forcing him to withdraw under heavy pressure until Penney's reserve brigade came to his aid.

By now, darkness was approaching. The Sikhs had been driven from many of their positions with heavy casualties, but were still fighting strongly. With some of his formations rendered ineffective, or having to fight their way out of encirclement, Gough ordered a withdrawal to the start line. Although his units brought back as many wounded as they could, many of them could not be found in the scrub. Many of the abandoned wounded were killed during the night by roving Sikh irregulars. Gough's retreat also allowed the Sikhs to recapture all but twelve of the guns the British had taken earlier in the day.

==Casualties==
The final losses to Gough's army were 757 killed, 1,651 wounded and 104 missing<ref name=Hernon599>Hernon, p.599</ref> for a total of 2,512.<ref>Farwell, p.58</ref> A comparatively high proportion of the casualties (almost 1,000) were British rather than Indian. This was mainly a result of the disaster which befell the 24th Foot, which suffered 590 casualties, over 50 percent.

Sikh casualties were 4,000 dead and wounded.<ref name="1911 Encyclopædia Britannica"/>

An [[obelisk]] later erected at Chillianwalla by the British government preserves the names of those who fell in the battle.

==Result==
[[File:Monument of the Battle of Chillianwala 3.jpg|200px|thumb|A monument was erected in memory of the losses sustained by both armies]]

Both armies held their positions at the end of the battle and Sher Singh withdrew to the north. Both sides claimed a victory.<ref name="AHAmin"/> The Sikhs claimed that they forced the British to retreat but the British forces actually withdrew three days after the battle ended; however, this was due to the rains which separated the two armies for that duration.<ref>http://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99mar06/saturday/head2.htm Rain separated the foes for three days and on the fourth day the British withdrew].</ref> Since the Sikhs disengaged first, the British claimed the victory,<ref name="AHAmin"/> although they admitted that the Sikhs missed an opportunity to gain a victory.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.britishbattles.com/second-sikh-war/battle-of-chillianwallah/ |website=BritishBattles.com |title=Battle of Chillianwallah |access-date=2 May 2023}}</ref> However, the repulse of the British, together with the loss of several guns and the colours of the 24th and two other regiments, and the rout of the 14th Light Dragoons, dealt a blow to British morale and is testament to the tenacity and martial skill of the Sikh army.

A testimony left by a British observer says:
<blockquote>The Sikhs fought like devils, fierce and untamed... Such a mass of men I never set eyes on and a plucky as lions: they ran right on the bayonets and struck their assailants when they were transfixed.<ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020113/edit.htm When fate & destiny conspired against Sikhs’ victory – The Tribune, Chandigarh, India]</ref></blockquote>

Two later editorials by the military historian Major A.H. Amin stated:
<blockquote>At Chillianwala a British Army which had a high European troop component, a large number of Sepoy (regiments), sufficient artillery, two heavy cavalry brigades to ensure that no one could surprise the British army, excellent logistics, little campaign exhaustion having fought no major battle since assumption of hostilities...failed to defeat the Sikhs.<ref name=defencejournal/></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Battle of Chillianwala fought on 13 January 1849 is, however, one odd exception and stands out as a battle in which the British failed to defeat their opponents despite having the advantages of weight of numbers ([[sic]]), ideal weather and terrain, superior logistics etc<ref name=defencejournal/></blockquote>

Gough was criticised for his handling of the battle, was relieved of command and superseded by General [[Charles James Napier]]. Before Napier could arrive from England to take over command, Gough had fought the decisive [[Battle of Gujrat|Battle of Goojerat]] (or Gujrat, Gujerat).

The loss of British prestige at Chillianwala was one of the factors which contributed to the [[Indian rebellion of 1857]] some nine years later. However, the Sikh soldiers recruited into the East India Company's Bengal Army and Punjab Irregular Force remained loyal to Britain and helped crush the rebellion.<ref>[http://www.educationforum.co.uk/KS3_2/mut.htm The Indian Mutiny – Education forum]</ref><ref>The Sikhs and the Sikh Wars ''General Sir Charles Gough''</ref>

Later in the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Revolt of 1857]] Hindu poet Prakashanth Das wrote a short poem in Hindi-<blockquote>''"हाल ही में मैंने रंग-बिरंगे कपड़े पहने हजारों सैनिकों को क्षितिज में बिना म्यान के तलवारें लहराते हुए देखा। हनुमान का एक लाल झंडा उठा और झाँसी की सेना रो पड़ी और चिल्लाई "चिल्लनवाला याद करो।"''</blockquote>

Roughly translated it states:
<blockquote>Recently I saw a thousands of troops clothed in colorful cloth, with swords unsheathed charging into the horizon. A red banner of Hanuman rose and the army of Jhansi cried and screamed "Remember Chillanwala."</blockquote>

This even influenced the Namdhari Revolt of 1871 and Ram Kuka many times talked about the Battle of Chillianwala.

Within the British Army, such was the consternation over the events at Chillianwala that, after the disastrous [[Charge of the Light Brigade]], when [[George Bingham, 3rd Earl of Lucan|Lord Lucan]] remarked ''"This is a most serious matter"'', [[Richard Airey, 1st Baron Airey|General Airey]] replied, ''"These sort of things will happen in war. It is nothing to Chillianwala."''<ref>Woodham-Smith, p. 257</ref>

==Order of battle==

===British regiment===
*[[3rd The King's Own Hussars|3rd King’s Own Light Dragoons]]
*[[9th Queen's Royal Lancers|9th Queen’s Royal Light Dragoons (Lancers)]]
*[[14th King's Hussars|14th the King’s Light Dragoons]]
*[[24th Foot]]
*[[29th Foot]]
*[[61st Foot]]

===British Indian Army regiments===
*[[1st Bengal Light Cavalry]]
*[[5th Bengal Light Cavalry]]
*[[6th Bengal Light Cavalry]]
*[[9th Bengal Light Cavalry]]
*[[2nd Bengal Fusiliers|2nd Bengal (European) Light Infantry]]
*[[6th Bengal Native Infantry]]
*[[15th Bengal Native Infantry]]
*[[20th Bengal Native Infantry]]
*[[25th Bengal Native Infantry]]
*[[30th Bengal Native Infantry]]
*[[31st Bengal Native Infantry]]
*[[36th Bengal Native Infantry]]
*[[45th Bengal Native Infantry]]
*[[46th Bengal Native Infantry]]
*[[56th Bengal Native Infantry]]
*[[69th Bengal Native Infantry]]
*[[70th Bengal Native Infantry]]

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Battle of Chillianwallah. Charge of H M 24th Regiment through jungle and water, 13 January 1849.jpg|Battle of Chillianwallah. Charge of H M 24th Regiment through jungle and water, 13 January 1849.
File:Charge of the 3rd King's Own Light Dragoons at the Battle of Chillienwallah, 13 January 1849.jpg|Charge of the 3rd King's Own Light Dragoons at the Battle of Chillienwallah, 13 January 1849.
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
*{{EB1911|wstitle=Chillianwalla|volume=6|pages=161–162}}
*{{cite book|last=Allen|first=Charles|author-link =Charles Allen (writer)|title=Soldier Sahibs|publisher=Abacus|year=2000|isbn=0-349-11456-0}}
*{{cite book|last=Farwell|first=Byron|author-link=Byron Farwell|title=Queen Victoria's Little Wars|publisher=Wordsworth Military Library|year=1973|isbn=1-84022-216-6}}
*{{cite book|last=Heath|first=Ian|author-link=Ian Heath|title=The Sikh Army, 1799–1849|location=London|publisher=Osprey Publishing|year=2005}}
*{{cite book|last=Hernon|first=Ian|title=Britain's Forgotten Wars|publisher=Sutton Publishing|year=2002|isbn=0-7509-3162-0}}
*{{cite book|last=Holmes|first=Richard|author-link=Richard Holmes (military historian)|title=Redcoat: The British soldier in the Age of Horse and Musket|location=London|publisher=HarperCollins|year=2002|isbn=0-00-653152-0}}
*{{cite book|last=Keay|first=John|author-link=John Keay|title=India: A History|location=New York|publisher=HarperCollins|year=2000|isbn=978-0-00-638784-8}}
*{{cite book|last=Sadler|first=Stanley|title=Ground warfare: an international encyclopedia, Volume 1|publisher=ABC-CLIO|edition=illustrated|year=2002|isbn=978-1-57607-344-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L_xxOM85bD8C&q=battle+of+ramnagar+sikh+army+30,000&pg=PA44}}
*{{cite book|last=Woodham-Smith|first=Cecil|author-link=Cecil Woodham-Smith|title=The Reason Why|location=New York|publisher=E. P. Dutton & Co.|year=1960}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070227214839/http://www.britishbattles.com/second-sikh-war/chillianwallah.htm BritishBattles.com]

{{Sikh Empire}}

{{coord missing|Punjab, Pakistan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chillianwala, Battle Of}}
[[Category:Conflicts in 1849]]
[[Category:Battles involving the British East India Company]]
[[Category:Battles of the Anglo-Sikh wars]]
[[Category:History of Sikhism]]
[[Category:History of Punjab, Pakistan]]
[[Category:1849 in Asia]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Sikhs]]
[[Category:January 1849 events]]