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Catania

2026-05-10T13:24:31Z

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{{Short description|City in Sicily, Italy}}
{{About||other uses|Province of Catania|and|Catania FC|and|Catania (surname)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox Italian comune
| name = Catania
| native_name =
| official_name = Comune di Catania
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
|border = infobox
|total_width = 282
|image_style=border:1;
|caption_align=center
|perrow = 1/3/2
|image1 = Catania vista dall'alto e il vulcano Etna a sovrastarla.jpg
|caption1 = Skyline of the city with [[Mount Etna]] in the background
|image2 = Catania - Chiesa di San Giuliano - 2024-10-14 08-28-47 038.JPG
|caption2 = [[Badia di Sant'Agata]]
|image3 = Basilica della Collegiata Catania 25-3-23.jpg
|caption3 = [[Basilica della Collegiata]]
|image4 = Teatro Massimo Vincenzo Bellini 2-11-24.jpg
|caption4 = [[Teatro Massimo Bellini|T. Massimo Bellini]]
|image5 = Teatro Romano di Catania 2024e.jpg
|caption5 = [[Roman Theatre of Catania]]
|image6 = Catania BW 2012-10-06 11-32-08 2 fj.JPG
|caption6 = [[Catania Cathedral|Cathedral]] and [[Elephant Fountain]]
}}
| pushpin_label_position =
| region = {{RegioneIT|sigla=SIC}}
| metropolitan_city = [[Metropolitan City of Catania|Catania]] (CT)
| frazioni = Bicocca, Codavolpe, Junghetto, Pantano d'Arci, Paradiso degli Aranci, Passo Cavaliere, Passo del Fico, Passo Martino, Primosole, Reitano, Vaccarizzo, Villaggio Delfino
| mayor = [[Enrico Trantino]]
| mayor_party = [[Brothers of Italy]]
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 7
| area_footnotes =<ref name="area">{{cite web|url=https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224|title=Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011|language=it|publisher=[[Italian National Institute of Statistics|ISTAT]]}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 182.90
| population_footnotes = {{Italian municipality|P}}
| population_as_of = {{Italian municipality|y}}
| population_total = {{Italian municipality|p}}
| population_demonym = Catanese
| telephone = 095
| postalcode = 95131
| istat = 087015
| saint = [[Agatha of Sicily|St. Agatha]]
| day = 5 February
| website = {{URL|http://www.comune.catania.it/}}
| module = {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
| child = yes
| part_of = Late Baroque Towns of the [[Val di Noto]] (South-Eastern [[Sicily]])
| includes =
| criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|(i)(ii)(iv)(v)}}(i)(ii)(iv)(v)
| ID = 1024rev-002
| year = 2002
| area = {{convert|38.5|ha|sqft|abbr=on}}
| buffer_zone = {{convert|80.13|ha|sqft|abbr=on}}
}}
| image_flag = Catania-Bandiera (senza stemma).svg
| image_shield = Catania-Stemma.svg
| imagesize = 270px
| image_alt =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map = Sicily#Italy#Europe
| coordinates = {{coord|37|30|0|N|15|5|25|E|region:IT-CT_type:city(300601)|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| twin1 =
| twin1_country =
| postal_code = 95100
| area_code = 095
}}

'''Catania''' ({{IPAc-en|k|ə|ˈ|t|ɑː|n|i|ə}},<ref>{{cite EPD|18|Catania|page=79}}</ref> {{IPAc-en|UKalso|-|ˈ|t|eɪ|n|-}}, {{IPAc-en|USalso|-|ˈ|t|æ|n|-}},<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190126220736/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/Catania "Catania"] (US) and {{Cite encyclopedia |title=Catania |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Catania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182138/https://www.lexico.com/definition/catania |archive-date=22 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Catania|access-date=8 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Catania |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/catania |access-date=26 July 2019 |work=[[Collins English Dictionary]] |publisher=[[HarperCollins]]}}</ref> {{small|Sicilian and}} {{IPA|it|kaˈtaːnja|lang|It-Catania.ogg}}) is the second-largest city in the autonomous island region of [[Sicily]] in [[Italy]], after [[Palermo]], both by area and by population.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sicilia / Sicily (Italy): Provinces, Major Cities & Communes – Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information |url=http://www.citypopulation.de/en/italy/cities/sicilia/ |access-date=2 June 2023 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref> Despite being the second largest city of the island, Catania is the centre of the most densely populated Sicilian conurbation,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Catania |url=https://www.studyinsicily.eu/it/destination/catania-2/ |access-date=23 April 2025 |website=Study in Sicily |publisher=INDIRE |language=it}}</ref> which is among the largest in Italy. It has important road and rail transport infrastructures, and hosts [[Catania Airport|the main airport of Sicily]] (fifth-largest in Italy). The city is located on Sicily's east coast, facing the [[Ionian Sea]] at the base of the active volcano [[Mount Etna]]. It is the capital of the 58-municipality province known as the [[Metropolitan City of Catania]], which is the seventh-largest metropolitan area in Italy. The population of the city proper is {{Italian municipality|p}}, while the population of the metropolitan city is 1,067,550.{{Italian municipality|P}}

Catania was founded in the 8th century BC by Chalcidian Greeks in [[Magna Graecia]].<ref name="travelplan.it">{{cite web |title=Catania history – Catania culture – Catania – attractions in Catania – art Catania – history guide Catania – Italy Katane |url=http://www.travelplan.it/catania_guide_history_culture.htm |access-date=1 June 2010 |publisher=Travelplan.it}}</ref> The city has weathered multiple geologic catastrophes: it was almost completely destroyed by a catastrophic earthquake in [[1169 Sicily earthquake|1169]].<ref name="travelplan.it"/> A major eruption and lava flow from nearby [[Mount Etna]] nearly swamped the city in [[1669 eruption of Mount Etna|1669]] and it suffered severe devastation from the [[1693 Sicily earthquake]].<ref name="travelplan.it"/>

During the 14th century, and into the [[Renaissance]] period, Catania was one of Italy's most important cultural, artistic and political centres.<ref name="travelplan.it"/> It was the site of Sicily's first [[University of Catania|university]], founded in 1434.<ref name="travelplan.it"/> It has been the native or adopted home of some of Italy's most famous artists and writers, including the composers [[Vincenzo Bellini]] and [[Giovanni Pacini]], and the writers [[Giovanni Verga]], [[Luigi Capuana]], [[Federico De Roberto]] and [[Nino Martoglio]].

Catania today is the industrial, logistical, and commercial centre of Sicily. Its airport, the [[Catania–Fontanarossa Airport]], is the largest in Southern Italy. The central "old town" of Catania features exuberant late-[[baroque architecture]], constructed following the 1693 earthquake, and is a [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]].[[File:Cataniavistaarea.jpg|thumb|upright|An aerial view of the port of Catania]]

== Etymology ==
The ancient [[Indigenous peoples|indigenous population]] of Sicily, the [[Sicels]], named their villages after geographical attributes of their location. The {{not a typo|[[Siculian]]}} word ''katane'' means "grater, flaying knife, skinning place" or a "crude tool apt to pare". Other translations of the name are "harsh lands", "uneven ground", "sharp stones", or "rugged or rough soil". The latter etymologies are easily justifiable since, for many centuries following an eruption, the city has always been rebuilt within its black-lava landscape.<ref>{{cite web |date=4 November 2006 |title=The meaning of the name Catania |url=http://sicilia.indettaglio.it/eng/comuni/ct/catania/catania.html |access-date=5 April 2011 |publisher=Sicilia.indettaglio.it}}</ref>

Around 263 BC, the city was variously known as ''Catĭna'' ({{IPA|la|ˈkatɪna|lang}}) and ''Catăna'' ({{IPA|la|ˈkatana|lang}}; {{langx|grc|Κατάνη}} {{IPA|el|katánɛː|}}).{{efn|Roman writers fluctuate between the two forms Catana and Catina, of which the latter is, perhaps, the most common, and is supported by inscriptions (Orell. 3708, 3778); but the analogy of the Greek {{lang|grc|Κατάνη}}, and the modern Catania, would point to the former as the more correct.}} The former has been primarily used for its supposed assonance with ''catina'', the Latin feminization of the name ''catinus''.<ref>Holm Adolf (1925), ''Catania Antica'', G. Libertini</ref> ''Catinus'' has two meanings: "a gulf, a basin or a bay" and "a bowl, a vessel or a trough", thanks to the city's distinctive topography.

Around 900, when Catania was part of the [[emirate of Sicily]], it was known in [[Arabic language|Arabic]] as ''Balad al-fīl'' ({{lang|ar|بلد الفيل}}) and ''Madīnat al-fīl'' ({{lang|ar|مدينة الفيل}}), respectively meaning "the Village (or Country) of the Elephant" and "the City of the Elephant".<ref>{{cite book |last=Amari |first=Michele |title=Edrisi, Il Libro di Re Ruggero |volume=I |page=71 |language=it}}</ref> The Elephant likely referred to the ancient lava sculpture, now placed over the fountain in Piazza Duomo. The sculpture is most likely a prehistoric sculpture that was reforged during the Byzantine Era, prized as a protective talisman against enemies, both human, natural or geologic. Another Arab toponym was ''Qaṭāniyyah'' ({{lang|ar|قطانية}}), allegedly from the Arabic word for the "[[Legume|leguminous plants]]".<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite book |title=Enciclopedia di Catania |publisher=Tringale |year=1987 |language=it}}</ref> Pulses like [[lentil]]s, beans, peas, [[Vicia faba|broad beans]], and [[lupin]]s were chiefly cultivated in the plains around the city well before the arrival of [[Aghlabid]]s. Afterwards, many Arabic agronomists developed these crops and the [[citrus]] orchards in the area around the city. The toponym ''Wādī Mūsá'' ({{lang|ar|وادي موسى}}), or "the Valley of Moses" (from the Arabic name of the [[Simeto]] River), was rarely used.<ref name="autogenerated1" /><ref>{{cite book |last=Correnti |first=Santi |title=La Città Semprerifiorente |publisher=Greco |year=1981 |location=Catania |language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Correnti |first1=Santi |title=Le Strade di Catania |last2=Spartà |first2=Santino |publisher=Newton Compton |year=2007 |location=Rome |language=it}}</ref>

== History ==
{{For timeline}}

=== Foundation ===
Around 729 BC, the ancient village of ''Katane'' was occupied by [[Chalcis|Chalcidian]] Greek settlers from nearby [[Naxos (Sicily)|Naxos]] along the coast. It became the Chalcidian colony of ''Katánē'' under a leader named Euarchos (Euarchus) and the native population was rapidly [[Hellenization|Hellenised]].<ref>Thucydides, Peloponnesian War [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0200%3Abook%3D6 book 6]</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=Thucydides |date=1843 |title=The hystory |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NhmYR8uNs40C&dq=%22euarchus%22+%22catana%22&pg=PA115}}</ref>

[[Thucydides]] states that it came into existence slightly later than Leontini (modern [[Lentini]]), which he claims was five years after [[Syracuse, Italy|Syracuse]], or 730 BC.<ref>Thuc. vi. 3; [[Strabo]] vi. p. 268; [[Scymnus of Chios|Scymnus]] 286; [[Scylax]] § 13; [[Stephanus of Byzantium]] ''s. v.''</ref>

The settlement's acropolis was on the hill of Monte Vergine, a defensible hill immediately west of the current city centre. The port of Catania appears to have been much frequented in ancient time and was the chief place of export for the corn of the rich neighbouring plains.

=== Greek Catania ===
Catania was associated with the ancient legend of Amphinomos and Anapias, who, on occasion of a great eruption of Etna, abandoned all their property and carried off their aged parents on their shoulders. The stream of lava itself was said to have parted, and flowed aside so as not to harm them. Statues were erected to their honour, and the place of their burial was known as the ''Campus Piorum''; the Catanaeans even introduced the figures of the youths on their coins, and the legend became a favorite subject of allusion and declamation among the [[List of Latin language poets|Latin poets]], of whom the younger [[Lucilius]] and [[Claudian]] have dwelt upon it at considerable length.<ref>Strabo vi. p. 269</ref><ref>[[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]] x. 28. § 4</ref><ref>Conon, ''Narr''. 43</ref><ref>Philostr. ''Vit. Apoll''. v. 17</ref><ref>[[Gaius Julius Solinus]] 5. § 15</ref><ref>Gaius Julius Hyginus 25</ref><ref>[[Valerius Maximus]] v. 4. Ext. § 4</ref><ref>Lucil. ''Aetn''. 602-40</ref><ref>Claudian. ''Idyll''. 7</ref><ref>[[Silius Italicus]] xiv. 196</ref><ref>Auson. ''Ordo Nob. Urb''. 11.</ref>

The Greek polis of Catania appears to have been a local center of learning. The philosopher and legislator [[Charondas]] (late 6th c. BC), born in Catania, putatively wrote program of laws used here and in other Chalcidic cities, both in Sicily and through [[Magna Graecia]].<ref>[[Aristotle]], ''Pol''. ii. 9.</ref> suggesting a link between Catania and other cities during this time. The poets [[Ibycus]] and [[Stesichorus]] ({{c.|630}}–555 BC) lived in Catania. The latter putatively was buried in a magnificent sepulchre outside one of the gates, therefore named ''Porta Stesichoreia''. [[Xenophanes]] ({{c.|570}}–475 BC), one of the founders of the [[Velia (town)|Eleatic]] school of philosophy, also spent the latter years of his life in the city.<ref>Diog. Laert. ix. 2. § 1.</ref> The first introduction of dancing to accompany the flute was also ascribed to [[Andron of Catania|Andron]], a citizen of Catania.<ref>Athen. i. p.{{nbs}}22, c.</ref>

Catania appears to have remained independent until the conquest by the despot [[Hiero I of Syracuse|Hieron of Syracuse]]; in 476 BC, he expelled all the original inhabitants of Catania and replaced them with his subjects from the town of Leontini – said to have numbered no less than 10,000, consisting partly of [[Syracuse, Sicily|Syracusans]] and [[Peloponnese|Peloponnesians]]. Hieron changed the city's name to '''{{lang|grc|Αἴτνη}}''' (''Aítnē'', Aetna or Ætna, after the nearby [[Mount Etna]], and proclaimed himself the [[Oekist]] or founder of the new city. For this he was celebrated by [[Pindar]], and after his death he received heroic honours from the citizens of his new colony.<ref>[[Diodorus Siculus|Diodorus]] xi. 49, in 66; Strabo l.c.; Pind. ''Pyth''. i., and Schol. ''ad loc.''</ref>

A few years after the death of Hieron and the expulsion of [[Thrasybulus of Syracuse]], the Syracusans combined with [[Ducetius]], king of the [[Sicels]], to expel the newly settled inhabitants of Catania, who went on to settle in the fortress of [[Aetna (city)|Inessa]] (to which they gave the name Aetna). The old Chalcidic citizens returned to the city in 461 BC.<ref>Diod. xi. 76; Strabo ''l. c.'')</ref>

The period that followed appears to have been one of great prosperity for Catania, as well as for the Sicilian cities in general.

In 415 BC, Catania became involved with the [[Sicilian Expedition|expedition to Sicily]] pursued by the [[Classical Athens|Athenians]] to punish Syracuse. Initially the Catanaeans refused to allow the Athenians into their city, but after the latter had forced an entrance, the Athenian leader [[Alcibiades]] made a famous speech in front of the assembly. Catania became an ally, and the headquarters of the Athenian army for the first year of the expedition, and a base of their subsequent operations against Syracuse.<ref>Thuc. vi. 50–52, 63, 71, 89; Diod. xiii. 4, 6, 7; [[Plutarch|Plut.]] ''Nic''. 15, 16.</ref> After the defeat of the Athenians, Catania was again threatened by Syracuse. In 403 BC, [[Dionysius I of Syracuse]] plundered the city, sold its citizens as slaves, and repopulated the town with [[Campania]]n mercenaries. However, the [[Carthage|Carthaginians]] would take possession of Catania under [[Himilco (general)|Himilco]] and [[Mago (fleet commander)|Mago]], after the nearby great naval [[Battle of Catana (397 BC)]] where they defeated [[Leptines of Syracuse]], and in 396 BC forcing the local Campanian mercenaries to relocate to [[Aetna (city)|Aetna]].<ref>Diod. xiv. 15, 58, 60.</ref>

[[Calippus of Syracuse|Calippus]], the assassin of [[Dion of Syracuse]], held Catania for a time (Plut. ''Dion''. 58); and when [[Timoleon]] landed in Sicily in 344 BC Catania was subject to the despot [[Mamercus of Catane|Mamercus]] who at first joined the [[Ancient Corinth|Corinthian]] leader, but afterwards abandoned this allegiance for that of the Carthaginians. As a consequence he was attacked and expelled by Timoleon in 338 BC.<ref>Diod. xvi. 69; Plut. ''Timol''. 13, 30–34.</ref>

Catania was now restored to a fragile independence; changing sides during the wars starting in 311 BC of [[Agathocles of Syracuse]] with the Carthaginians. When [[Pyrrhus of Epirus|Pyrrhus]] landed in Sicily in 278 BC, Catania was the first to open its gates to him, and welcomed him with great splendor.<ref>Diod. xix. 110, xxii. 8, Exc. Hoesch. p. 496.</ref>

=== Roman rule ===
[[File:Acquedotto romano Valcorrente2.jpg|thumb|250px|Roman Aqueduct at Valcorrente]]
During the [[First Punic War]], Catania was one of the first cities of Sicily to submit to the [[Roman Republic]] after their first successes in 263 BC when it was taken by [[Manius Valerius Maximus Corvinus Messalla|Valerius Messalla]].<ref>Eutrop. ii. 19.</ref><ref>Pliny the Elder, Naturalis historia, vii. 60</ref> A sundial was part of the booty which was placed in the [[Comitium]] in Rome.<ref>Pliny the Elder, Naturalis historia, VII 214</ref> Since then the city became a ''civitas decumana'' i.e. was subject to the payment of a tenth of its agricultural income as a tax to Rome. The conqueror of Syracuse, [[Marcus Claudius Marcellus]], built a gymnasium here.<ref>Plutarch, Life of Marcellus, 30</ref>

It appears to have continued afterwards to maintain its friendly relations with Rome and though it did not enjoy the advantages of a confederate city (''foederata civitas''), like its neighbours Tauromenium (modern [[Taormina]]) and Messana (modern [[Messina]]), it rose to a position of great prosperity under the Roman rule.

Around 135 BC during the [[First Servile War]], it was conquered by rebel slaves.<ref>Strabo, VI 2, 6</ref>

One of the most serious [[Volcanic eruption|eruptions]] of [[Mount Etna]] happened in 121 BC, when a great part of Catania was overwhelmed by streams of lava, and the hot ashes fell in such quantities in the city itself, as to break in the roofs of the houses. Catana was in consequence exempted, for 10 years, from its usual contributions to the Roman state.<ref>Oros. v. 13.</ref> The greater part of the broad tract of plain to the southwest of Catana (now called the ''[[Piana di Catania]]'', a district of great fertility), appears to have belonged, in [[Ancient history|ancient times]], to Leontini or Centuripa (modern [[Centuripe]]), but that portion of it between Catana itself and the mouth of the Symaethus was annexed to Catana and must have furnished abundant supplies of grain.

[[Cicero]] repeatedly mentions it as, in his time, a wealthy and flourishing city; it retained its ancient municipal institutions, its [[chief magistrate]] bearing the title of ''Proagorus''; and appears to have been one of the principal ports of Sicily for the export of corn.<ref>Cicero ''[[In Verrem]]'' iii. 4. 3, 83, iv. 23, 45; [[Livy]] xxvii. 8.</ref>

In the [[War between Sextus Pompey and the Second Triumvirate|Sicilian revolt]] from 44 BC [[Sextus Pompeius]] selected Sicily as his base and Catania gave in to Sextus' revolt and joined his forces. Sextus amassed a formidable army and a large fleet of warships at his base at [[Messana]], with many slaves joining from the villas of patricians. After the victory of Augustus in 36 BC much of the vast farmland in Sicily was either ruined or left empty, and much of this land was taken and distributed to members of the legions which had fought there. Catania suffered severely from the ravages but was afterwards one of the cities raised to the status of [[Colonia (Roman)|colony]] by Augustus which restored its prosperity through the settlement of veterans, so that in [[Strabo]]'s time it was one of the few cities in the island that was flourishing.<ref>Strabo vi. pp. 268, 270, 272; [[Dion Cassius]] iv. 7.</ref>

Another revolt led by the gladiator Selurus in 35 BC created mayhem for a while.<ref>Strabo 6.2.6</ref>

The Roman aqueduct of Catania was the longest in Roman Sicily at {{Convert|24|km|mi}}, starting from the springs of Santa Maria di Licodia.

It retained its colonial rank, as well as its prosperity, throughout the period of the [[Roman Empire]]; so that in the 4th century [[Ausonius]] in his ''[[Ordo urbium nobilium|Ordo Nobilium Urbium]]'', notices Catania and Syracuse alone among the cities of Sicily.<ref>Pliny iii. 8. s. 14; Ptol. iii. 4. § 9; Itin. Ant. pp. 87,90, 93, 94.</ref>

=== Middle Ages ===
[[File:OldCatania.png|thumb|right|Picture of Catania in 1575]]
Catania was sacked by the [[Vandals]] of [[Gaiseric]] in 440–441. After a period under the [[Ostrogoths]], it was reconquered in 535 by the [[Eastern Roman Empire]], under which (aside from a short period in 550–555) it remained until the 9th century. It was the seat of the Byzantine governor of the island.

Catania was under an [[Emirate of Sicily|Islamic emirate]] for two centuries, after which it fell to the [[Italo-Normans|Normans]] of [[Roger I of Sicily]]. Subsequently, the city was ruled by a bishop-count (1072). In 1194–1197 the city was sacked by German soldiers during after the conquest of the island by emperor [[Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry VI]]. In 1232 it rebelled to the former's son, [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]], who later built a massive castle, ''[[Castello Ursino]]'' and also made Catania a royal city, ending the dominance of the bishops.

Catania was one of the main centers of the [[Sicilian Vespers]] revolt (1282) against the [[Capetian House of Anjou|House of Anjou]] and was the seat of the coronation of the new Aragonese king of Sicily, [[Peter I of Sicily|Peter I]]. The city remained a key Sicilian port during the [[War of the Sicilian Vespers]]. After a civil revolt in 1299, the city was captured by an Angevin army, which [[Angevin invasion of Sicily|occupied the city]] until the Angevins evacuated their holdings on Sicily in 1302.<ref>Stanton, Charles D. "LAURIA'S LAST GREAT CAMPAIGN (SUMMER 1299–SPRING 1300)." In ''Roger of Lauria ({{c.|1250}}–1305): "Admiral of Admirals,"'' NED-New edition., 271–88. Boydell & Brewer, 2019. {{doi|10.2307/j.ctvd58tqg.23}}.</ref>

In the 14th century it gained importance as it was chosen by the Aragonese as a Parliament and Royal seat. Here, in 1347, it was signed the treaty of peace that ended the long [[War of the Vesper]] between Aragonese and Angevines. Catania lost its capital role when, in the early 15th century, Sicily was turned into a member of the [[Crown of Aragon]], and kept its autonomy and original privileges specially during the period from 1282 to 1410.

In 1434 King [[Alfonso V of Aragon|Alfonso V]] founded here [[University of Catania|the ''Siciliae Studium Generale'']], the oldest university in the island.

=== Early modern times ===
[[File:Etna eruzione 1669 platania.jpg|thumb|right|Mount Etna erupting in 1669]]
With the unification of Castile and Aragon (early 16th century),<ref>[[Ferdinand II of Aragon]] became [[King of Naples]] as Ferdinand III, reuniting Naples with Sicily permanently and for the first time since 1458.</ref> Sicily became part of the Spanish Empire. It rebelled against the foreign government in 1516 and 1647.<ref>{{Citation |title=Translation of an eye-witness account of the 1647 rebellion |url=http://freaknet.org/martin/libri/Longo/revolution.html}}</ref>

In 1669 the city's surroundings suffered great material damage from the [[1669 Etna eruption]]. The city itself was largely saved by its walls that diverted most of the lava into the port. Afterwards, in 1693 the city was nearly completely destroyed by a heavy [[1693 Sicily earthquake]] and its aftershocks. The city was then rebuilt in the [[Baroque architecture]] that nowadays characterizes it.

=== Unified Italy ===
Catania was one of the vanguards of the movement for Sicilian autonomy in the early 19th century.

In 1860 [[Giuseppe Garibaldi]]'s [[expedition of the Thousand]] conquered [[Sicily]] for Piedmont from the [[Kingdom of the Two Sicilies]]. Since the following year Catania was part of the newly [[unification of Italy|unified Italy]], whose history it shares since then.

The first half of the twentieth century was a cycle of repeated destruction and rebuilding for the city of Catania.

During the years 1923 and 1928, Catania endured two major eruptions of Mt. Etna. The 1923 eruption lasted twenty-nine days, from 6 June until 29 June. A large lava flow occurred in the 1928 event and was the first to destroy a population center in over two hundred years.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ponte |first=Gaetano |title=The Recent Eruption of Etna |publisher=Nature |year=1923 |edition=112 |pages=546–548}}</ref>

At the onset of World War 1, Italy was part of a defensive alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary referred to as the Triple Alliance. After one year, Italy joined the Allied forces. Many promises made to secure Italy's help during the war were not kept resulting in stability issues throughout the country leading to the adoption of fascist ideations.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pryce |first=Roy |title=Italy and the Outbreak of the First World War |publisher=Cambridge Historical Journal |year=1954 |pages=219–227}}</ref> As the second World War began, the new regime opted to support Adolf Hitler, resulting in Catania and all the surrounding areas on Sicily being destroyed by Allied bombing.

{{anchor|Allied air attacks}} During [[World War II]], Catania was heavily bombed by the Allied air forces, owing to the presence of two of the main Axis airfields in Sicily ([[Gerbini Airfield|Gerbini]] and [[Catania-Fontanarossa Airport|Fontanarossa]]) and for its strategically important port and [[marshalling yard]]. Altogether, the city suffered eighty-seven air raids. The heaviest took place in the spring and summer of 1943, before and during the [[Allied invasion of Sicily]]; they caused heavy damage to the city (among others, twenty-eight churches and most historic palaces suffered damage), killed 750 inhabitants and prompted most of the population to flee to the countryside.<ref>{{Citation |title=Enciclopedia Treccani |url=http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/catania_res-6c14df7d-87e5-11dc-8e9d-0016357eee51_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Bombardamenti di Catania |url=http://bombesullitalia.blogspot.com/2019/04/bombardamenti-di-catania.html}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Bombardate l'Italia: 1943 |url=http://rcslibri.corriere.it/bombardatelitalia/bombardate1943.pdf |access-date=19 March 2020 |archive-date=2 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202213215/http://rcslibri.corriere.it/bombardatelitalia/bombardate1943.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=I bombardamenti aerei nel Mezzogiorno d'Italia |url=http://anpi-lissone.over-blog.com/article-i-bombardamenti-aerei-nel-mezzogiorno-d-italia-60089978.html}}</ref> After heavy fighting across eastern Sicily, Catania was eventually captured by the [[British 8th Army]] on 5 August 1943.<ref>The Invasion of Sicily 1943 By Jon Diamond, pp. 212–214</ref>

After the conflict, and the constitution of the [[Italy|Italian Republic]] (1946), Catania attempted to catch up with the economic and social development of Italy's richer northern regions. The problems faced in Catania were emblematic of those faced by other towns in the [[Southern Italy|Mezzogiorno]], namely a heavy gap in industrial development and infrastructures, and the threat of [[Sicilian Mafia|the mafia]]. This notwithstanding, during the 1960s (and partly during the 1990s) Catania enjoyed development and a period of economic, social, and cultural success. In the first decade of the 21st century, Catania's economic and social development somewhat faltered and the city is again facing economic and social stagnation. This was aggravated by the economic crisis left by the {{lang|it|[[Forza Italia (1994)|Forza Italia]]|italic=no}} administration of mayor Scapagnini in 2008.<ref>[http://www.rai.tv/dl/RaiTV/programmi/media/ContentItem-6b76e15d-a80b-465e-9531-131a194e030b.html?p=0 Documentary about the conditions of the city after the financial turmoil] {{in lang|it}}</ref>

== Geography ==
As observed by [[Strabo]], the location of Catania at the foot of [[Mount Etna]] has been both a curse and a blessing. On the one hand, violent outbursts of the volcano throughout history have destroyed large parts of the city, while on the other hand the volcanic ashes yield fertile soil, especially suited for the growth of vines. (Strab. vi. p.{{nbs}}269)

Two [[subterranean river]]s run under the city; the Amenano, which surfaces at one single point south of Piazza Duomo, and the Longane (or Lognina).<ref>Giuffrida Tino, ''Catania dalle origini alla dominazione normanna'', Catania, Bonaccorso. Excerpt here {{in lang|it}} [http://www.cataniaperte.com/cronologia/saggi/topografia_antica.pdf]</ref>

=== Climate ===
Catania experiences a [[hot-summer Mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Csa'').<ref>{{Citation |title=Climate Summary from Weatherbase.com (Catania, Italy) |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=6461&cityname=Catania%2C+Sicilia%2C+Italy&units=}}</ref> The city has hot summers, one of the hottest in the whole country of Italy. Temperatures of {{convert|40|°C|0}} are surpassed almost every year a couple of times.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}}

Winters are mild, with significant nighttime cooling. Precipitation is concentrated from October to March, leaving late spring and summer virtually dry. The city receives around {{convert|500|mm|abbr=off}} of rain per year, although the amount can vary greatly from year to year, from over {{convert|1,200|mm|abbr=on}} to under {{convert|250|mm|abbr=on}}.

During winter nights, lows can occasionally reach below freezing. Highs under {{convert|10|°C|0}} may happen during winter.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Che tempo faceva a Catania – Archivio Meteo Catania » ILMETEO.it |url=https://www.ilmeteo.it/portale/archivio-meteo/Catania}}</ref> Snow, due to the presence of [[Mount Etna|Etna]] that protects the city from the northern winds, is an uncommon occurrence, but occasional snow flurries have been seen over the recent years, especially in the hilly districts. More recently, light snowfalls occurred on 9 February 2015, 6 January 2017 and 5 January 2019, but the last heavy snowfall dates back to 17 December 1988.

{{Weather box
| width = auto
| location = Catania-[[Naval Air Station Sigonella|Sigonella]], 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1960–present
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 25.2
| Feb record high C = 26.0
| Mar record high C = 34.4
| Apr record high C = 34.4
| May record high C = 38.4
| Jun record high C = 44.2
| Jul record high C = 46.7
| Aug record high C = 45.0
| Sep record high C = 41.0
| Oct record high C = 38.0
| Nov record high C = 30.6
| Dec record high C = 27.2
| year record high C = 46.7
| Jan high C = 15.9
| Feb high C = 16.2
| Mar high C = 18.6
| Apr high C = 21.4
| May high C = 26.1
| Jun high C = 31.0
| Jul high C = 34.1
| Aug high C = 34.5
| Sep high C = 30.5
| Oct high C = 25.8
| Nov high C = 21.0
| Dec high C = 17.0
| year high C = 24.3
| Jan mean C = 10.2
| Feb mean C = 10.3
| Mar mean C = 12.4
| Apr mean C = 14.9
| May mean C = 19.2
| Jun mean C = 23.8
| Jul mean C = 26.7
| Aug mean C = 27.3
| Sep mean C = 24.1
| Oct mean C = 20.0
| Nov mean C = 15.4
| Dec mean C = 11.6
| year mean C = 18.1
| Jan low C = 4.8
| Feb low C = 4.8
| Mar low C = 6.4
| Apr low C = 8.6
| May low C = 12.3
| Jun low C = 16.6
| Jul low C = 19.4
| Aug low C = 20.3
| Sep low C = 18.2
| Oct low C = 14.6
| Nov low C = 10.0
| Dec low C = 6.5
| year low C = 11.9
| Jan record low C = -5.0
| Feb record low C = -5.6
| Mar record low C = -3.2
| Apr record low C = 0.0
| May record low C = 3.0
| Jun record low C = 8.4
| Jul record low C = 11.6
| Aug record low C = 13.8
| Sep record low C = 10.0
| Oct record low C = 4.0
| Nov record low C = -1.1
| Dec record low C = -2.2
| year record low C = -5.6
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 64.1
| Feb precipitation mm = 46.1
| Mar precipitation mm = 42.6
| Apr precipitation mm = 29.9
| May precipitation mm = 17.9
| Jun precipitation mm = 11.0
| Jul precipitation mm = 7.8
| Aug precipitation mm = 9.8
| Sep precipitation mm = 50.5
| Oct precipitation mm = 59.4
| Nov precipitation mm = 66.2
| Dec precipitation mm = 78.5
| year precipitation mm = 483.8
| unit precipitation days = 1{{nbs}}mm
| Jan precipitation days = 6.3
| Feb precipitation days = 5.7
| Mar precipitation days = 5.6
| Apr precipitation days = 4.7
| May precipitation days = 2.6
| Jun precipitation days = 1.4
| Jul precipitation days = 0.7
| Aug precipitation days = 1.5
| Sep precipitation days = 4.6
| Oct precipitation days = 5.2
| Nov precipitation days = 6.2
| Dec precipitation days = 7.8
| year precipitation days = 52.1
| humidity colour = green
| Jan humidity = 75.2
| Feb humidity = 72.3
| Mar humidity = 71.4
| Apr humidity = 70.4
| May humidity = 67.2
| Jun humidity = 64.6
| Jul humidity = 63.1
| Aug humidity = 64.2
| Sep humidity = 69.4
| Oct humidity = 73.8
| Nov humidity = 76.1
| Dec humidity = 76.4
| year humidity = 70.3
| Jan dew point C = 3.8
| Feb dew point C = 3.3
| Mar dew point C = 5.1
| Apr dew point C = 7.2
| May dew point C = 10.7
| Jun dew point C = 13.6
| Jul dew point C = 15.8
| Aug dew point C = 16.6
| Sep dew point C = 14.8
| Oct dew point C = 12.1
| Nov dew point C = 8.6
| Dec dew point C = 5.4
| Jan sun = 172.1
| Feb sun = 183.4
| Mar sun = 235.3
| Apr sun = 266.1
| May sun = 318.4
| Jun sun = 381.6
| Jul sun = 368.9
| Aug sun = 359.9
| Sep sun = 278.1
| Oct sun = 211.7
| Nov sun = 172.2
| Dec sun = 182.3
| year sun = 3129.9
| source 1 = NOAA,<ref name= NOAA>{{cite web |title=Catania Sigonella Climate Normals 1991–2020 |url=https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Italy/CSV/CataniaSigonella_16459.csv |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831025904/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Italy/CSV/CataniaSigonella_16459.csv |archive-date=31 August 2023 |access-date=31 August 2023 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]}}</ref> (Dew Point for 1981–2010)<ref>{{cite web |title=World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010: Catania-Sigonella (WMO number: 16459) |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-VI/Italy/WMO_Normals_CliNo81-10.xls |access-date=28 February 2024 |website=ncei.noaa.gov |publisher=[[NOAA]] |format=XLS |quote=Parameter Code: 39-Dew Point Temperature |archive-date=17 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317065214/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-VI/Italy/WMO_Normals_CliNo81-10.xls |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| source 2 = Temperature estreme in Toscana<ref>{{cite web |title=Catania Sigonella |url=http://climaintoscana.altervista.org/italia/stazioni-wmo/catania-sigonella/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831025948/http://climaintoscana.altervista.org/italia/stazioni-wmo/catania-sigonella/ |archive-date=31 August 2023 |access-date=31 August 2023 |publisher=Temperature estreme in Toscana |language=it}}</ref>
}}

== Demographics ==
{{Historical populations|1861|70608|1871|83680|1881|101135|1901|147700|1911|207848|1921|252840|1931|225169|1936|244972|1951|299629|1961|363928|1971|400048|1981|380328|1991|333075|2001|313110|2011|293902|2021|301104|source=[[National Institute of Statistics (Italy)|ISTAT]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Popolazione residente dei comuni. Censimenti dal 1861 al 1991|trans-title=Resident population of the municipalities. Censuses from 1861 to 1991|url=https://ebiblio.istat.it/digibib/Censimenti%20popolazione/Censimentipopolazioneresidentedal1861/RML0050288Pop_res_cens_1861_1991.pdf|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251112200324/https://ebiblio.istat.it/digibib/Censimenti%20popolazione/Censimentipopolazioneresidentedal1861/RML0050288Pop_res_cens_1861_1991.pdf |archive-date=2025-11-12|lang=it|publisher=[[National Institute of Statistics (Italy)|ISTAT]]}}</ref><ref name="timeseries">{{cite web |title=Resident population - Time series|url=https://esploradati.istat.it/databrowser/#/en/censpop/dashboards|publisher=[[National Institute of Statistics (Italy)|ISTAT]]}}</ref>|align=right|cols=1}}

{{Italian municipality|popstructure}}

=== Immigration ===
{{Italian municipality|countryofbirth}}

== Administrative divisions ==
=== Metropolitan City ===
{{multiple image
| align=right
| image1 = Map of comune of Catania (metropolitan city of Catania, region Sicily, Italy).svg
| width1 = 150
| caption1 =
| image2 = Catania area metropolitana.svg
| width2 = 186
| caption2 =
| footer = The City proper (in red, first image) and the Metropolitan area (in red, second image) within the [[Metropolitan City of Catania|Metropolitan City]]
}}

[[File:Circoscrizioni di Catania.png|thumb|150px|The subdivision of the City proper in six ''circoscrizioni'']]
The [[Metropolitan City of Catania]] was established in 2015 and replaced the former [[Province of Catania]]. It includes the city proper and 57 ''comuni'' (municipalities). The population of the Metropolitan City is 1,067,550.{{Italian municipality|P}}

=== Metropolitan area ===
The Metropolitan area of Catania includes the ''comune'' of Catania (311,584 inhabitants<ref name="istat">Official [[Istituto Nazionale di Statistica|ISTAT]] figures [http://www.demo.istat.it/index.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503083522/http://www.demo.istat.it/index.html|date=3 May 2020}}</ref>) and 26 surrounding ''comuni''<ref>{{cite web |title=The Metropolitan Area of Catania defined by ANCI Sicilia (National Association of Comuni Italiani) |url=http://www.anci.sicilia.it/aree/area_ct.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101208223915/http://www.anci.sicilia.it/aree/area_ct.htm |archive-date=8 December 2010 |access-date=5 April 2011 |publisher=Anci.sicilia.it}}</ref> forming an urban belt (498,650 inhabitants<ref name=istat/>). The total population of the Metropolitan area of Catania is therefore 810,234. The ''comuni'' of the Metropolitan area are:
{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
* [[Aci Bonaccorsi]]
* [[Aci Castello]]
* [[Aci Catena]]
* [[Aci Sant'Antonio]]
* [[Acireale]]
* [[Belpasso]]
* [[Biancavilla]]
* [[Camporotondo Etneo]]
* Catania
* [[Gravina di Catania]]
* [[Mascalucia]]
* [[Misterbianco]]
* [[Motta Sant'Anastasia]]
* [[Nicolosi]]
* [[Paternò]]
* [[Pedara]]
* [[Ragalna]]
* [[San Giovanni la Punta]]
* [[San Gregorio di Catania]]
* [[San Pietro Clarenza]]
* [[Sant'Agata li Battiati]]
* [[Santa Maria di Licodia]]
* [[Santa Venerina]]
* [[Trecastagni]]
* [[Tremestieri Etneo]]
* [[Valverde, Sicily|Valverde]]
* [[Viagrande]]
* [[Zafferana Etnea]]
{{div col end}}
These ''comuni'' form a system with the centre of Catania sharing its economical and social life and creating an organic urban texture.

=== City proper ===
The city of Catania proper (''comune di Catania'') is divided in six [[Local government|administrative areas]] called ''circoscrizioni''. The current administrative setup was established in 2013, modifying previous setups dating back to 1971, 1978 and 1995.

The six areas are:
{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
{{ordered list|list_style_type=upper-roman
| Centro storico
| Picanello-Ognina/Barriera-Canalicchio
| Borgo-Sanzio
| San Giovanni Galermo-Trappeto-Cibali
| Monte Po-Nesima/San Leone-Rapisardi
| San Giorgio-Librino/San Giuseppe La Rena-Zia Lisa-Villaggio Sant'Agata
}}
{{div col end}}

== Main sights ==
{{More citations needed section|date=September 2014}}
[[File:Catane Fontana Dell elefante.jpg|thumb|''u Liotru'', symbol of Catania]]
The symbol of the city is ''u Liotru'', or the ''[[Elephant Fountain|Fontana dell'Elefante]]'', assembled in 1736 by [[Giovanni Battista Vaccarini]]. It portrays an ancient lavic stone elephant and is topped by an Egyptian obelisk from [[Aswan|Syene]]. Legend has it that Vaccarini's original elephant was neuter, which the men of Catania took as an insult to their virility. To appease them, Vaccarini appropriately appended elephantine testicles to the original statue.

The [[Sicilian language|Sicilian]] name ''u Liotru'' is a phonetic change of Heliodorus, a nobleman who, after trying without success to become bishop of the city, became a sorcerer and was therefore condemned to the stake. Legend has it that [[Heliodorus of Catania|Heliodorus]] himself was the sculptor of the lava elephant and that he used to magically ride it in his fantastic travels from Catania to [[Constantinople]].<ref>Amari Michele (1933), ''Storia dei Musulmani di Sicilia'', Catania, Nallino, Vol. I, pp. 344–345</ref> Another legend has it that Heliodorus was able to transform himself into an elephant.

The presence of an elephant in the history of Catania is surely connected to both zooarcheology and popular creeds. In fact, the prehistoric fauna of Sicily from the Upper [[Paleolithic]], included [[dwarf elephant]]s. Paleontologist [[Othenio Abel]] suggested that the presence of [[dwarf elephant]]s in [[Sicily]] may be the origin of the legend of the [[Cyclopes|Cyclops]]. [[Ancient Greece|Ancient Greeks]], after finding the skulls of [[dwarf elephant]]s, about twice the size of a [[human skull]], with a large central [[nasal cavity]] (mistaken for a large single eye socket) supposed that they were skulls of giants with a single eye.

The ''Catanian Museum of [[Mineralogy]], [[Paleontology]] and [[Vulcanology]]'' holds the integral unburied skeleton of an ''[[Elephas falconeri]]'' in an excellent state of conservation. The first inhabitants of Etna molded such lavic artifacts to idolize the mythical proboscidian.

=== Classical buildings ===
Over the course of recorded history, the city has been buried by lava seventeen times. Beneath the present-day Catania lie the remains of the [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] city that once stood here, and below that, the earlier [[Greek colonisation|Greek settlement]]. Many ancient [[Roman architecture|Roman monuments]] were destroyed by these repeated eruptions, but today, visitors can explore surviving ruins in the city centre, which are part of the Parco Archeologico Greco-Romano di Catania.

<gallery>
Catania Greek-Roman theater.JPG|''San Francesco d'Assisi all'Immacolata'' backs Cavea of the Greek-Roman Theatre
Odeum Catania.JPG|Odeon
Catania anfiteatro romano2423.jpg|Roman Amphitheatre
Catania terme indirizzo23434.jpg|Roman Thermae of ''Santa Maria dell'Indirizzo''
</gallery>

Ancient edifices include:

* [[Greek-Roman Theatre of Catania]] and Odeon (2nd to 3rd century CE)
* [[Amphitheatre of Catania]]
* [[Piazza Dante, Catania|Greek Acropolis of Montevergine]]
*Roman Forum
* Christian [[basilica]]s, [[Hypogeum|hypogea]], burial monuments, and [[catacombs]]
* Thermae
** Achillean Baths
** [[Santa Maria dell'Indirizzo, Catania|Terme dell'Indirizzo]]
** Terme di Santa Maria Odigitria
** [[Terme della Rotonda (Catania)|Terme della Rotonda]]
** Baths of the Four Quoins
** Terme di Palazzo Asmundo
** Terme di Casa Gagliano
** Terme della Chiesa di Sant'Antonio Abate

=== Baroque and historical churches ===
<gallery>
2893 - Catania - Giov. Batt. Vaccarini - Chiesa della Badia di S. Agata (1767) - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto, 4-July-2008.jpg|''Badìa di Sant'Agata''
ChiesaSFrancescoImmacolataCT.JPG|''San Francesco d'Assisi all'Immacolata''
SAgataFornaceEst.JPG|''Sant'Agata alla Fornace'' or ''San Biagio''
Chiesa di Santa Maria dell'aiuto (Catania, XVIII sec.).jpg|''Santa Maria dell'Aiuto''
Catania Chiesa San Benedetto234232.jpg|''San Benedetto da Norcia''
Chiesa di San Francesco Borgia a Catania.jpg|''San Francesco Borgia''
</gallery>

The Baroque heart of Catania belongs to the Late Baroque Towns of the [[Val di Noto]], a group of cities in southeastern Sicily celebrated for their post-earthquake reconstruction.
[[File:Catania BW 2012-10-06 11-32-08 2 fj.JPG|thumb|[[Giovanni Battista Vaccarini]]'s Duomo façade (1736) is an example of the city's [[Sicilian Baroque]] architecture.]]
* [[Catania Cathedral]] (1070–1093, rebuilt after 1693 earthquake) built atop ''Terme Achilliana''.
* [[Badia di Sant'Agata|Sant'Agata, Badia di]] (1620), church and monastery
* [[Sant'Agata la Vetere, Catania|Sant'Agata la Vetere]] (254) church
* [[Sant'Agata al Borgo, Catania|Sant'Agata al Borgo]], built 1669, destroyed 1693, rebuilt 1709). The "Borough" (''il Borgo'') is an inner district of Catania.
* [[Sant'Agata al Carcere, Catania|Sant'Agata al Carcere]] or ''Santo Carcere'' (1760). Church built above jail (carcere) where Ste Agatha was allegedly imprisoned during her martyrdom.
* Sant'Agata on the Lavic Runnels
* Sant'Anna church
* San Antonio Abate
* [[San Benedetto, Catania|San Benedetto]] (1704–1713) church and adjacent ''Badìa Grande e Piccola del Chiostro delle Monache Benedettine''
* [[San Biagio, Catania|San Biagio]], church formerly called ''Sant'Agata alla Fornace'' (1098, rebuilt 1700)
* [[Basilica della Collegiata]], [[Sicilian Baroque]] façade by [[Stefano Ittar]]
* [[San Camillo ai Crociferi]], church
* Santa Caterina al Rinazzo church
* [[Santa Chiara, Catania|Santa Chiara]] (1563) church, and former convent of Poor Clares.
* [[San Domenico, Catania|San Domenico]] or Santa Maria la Grande (1224), church and convent.
* Sant'Euplio, ruins of church
* San Filippo Neri
* [[San Francesco d'Assisi all'Immacolata, Catania|San Francesco d'Assisi all'Immacolata]] (1329), Franciscan church with tomb of its founding patron, Queen [[Eleanor of Sicily]].
* [[San Francesco Borgia, Catania|San Francesco Borgia]] church and adjacent former Jesuit college.
* San Francesco di Paola
* [[San Gaetano alle Grotte, Catania|San Gaetano alle Grotte]] (260) church
* [[San Gaetano alla Marina, Catania|San Gaetano alla Marina]]
* San Giovanni Battista, in the suburb of San Giovanni di Galermo.
* [[San Giuliano, Catania|San Giuliano]] church and convent
* San Giuseppe al Duomo church
* San Giuseppe al Transito church
* [[Santuario della Madonna del Carmine, Catania|Madonna del Carmine]] (1729) Basilica church and sanctuary
* [[Santa Maria di Gesu, Catania|Santa Maria di Gesu]] church (1465, restored in 1706)
* Santa Maria della Guardia church
* [[Santa Maria dell'Indirizzo, Catania|Santa Maria dell'Indirizzo]] (1730) church
* Santa Maria della Mercede church
* Santa Maria di Ogninella
* [[Santa Maria della Purità, Catania|Santa Maria della Purità]] or ''della Visitazione'' (1775), church and conservatory
* Santa Maria della Providenza al Borgo, church
* [[Santa Maria della Rotonda, Catania|Santa Maria della Rotonda]]
* Santa Maria del Soccorso or Santa Maria della Palma church
* [[Santa Maria dell'Aiuto, Catania|Santa Maria dell'Aiuto]] parish church and sanctuary
* Santa Maria dell'Itria or Odigitria, church
* Santa Marta
* [[San Martino dei Bianchi, Catania|San Martino dei Bianchi]] church
* San Michele the Lesser
* [[San Michele Arcangelo ai Minoriti, Catania|San Michele Arcangelo ai Minoriti]] (Franciscan) church, a second [[Immacolata Concezione dei Minoritelli, Catania|Minoritelli church]] is nearby.
* [[San Nicolò l'Arena, Catania|San Nicolò l'Arena]] (1687), unfinished basilica church and extensive Benedictine [[Monastery of San Nicolò l'Arena]] (1558).
* San Nicolas al Borgo
* [[San Placido, Catania|San Placido]] (1769) church
* Madonna delle Grazie Chapel
* [[Santa Rita in Sant'Agostino, Catania|Santa Rita in Sant'Agostino]] church
* San Sebastiano (1313)
* [[Santa Teresa, Catania|Santa Teresa]], Carmelitan church and convent.
* [[Santissima Trinità, Catania|Santissima Trinità]], church
* Santa Ursula
* [[Conservatorio delle Verginelle di Sant'Agata|Chiesa delle Verginelle di Sant'Agata]]
* San Vincenzo de' Paoli, church
* Santissimo Sacramento al Borgo church
* Chapel of the Blind's Housing ("Ospizio dei Ciechi")
* Santissimo Sacramento al Duomo, church
* Church of the [[Child Jesus|Holy Child]]
* Our Lady of [[Divine Providence|Providence]]
* San Berillo in Santa Maria degli Ammalati, church
* Our Lady of the Poor
* Little Saviour's [[Byzantine architecture|Byzantine]] chapel
* Church of the Santissimo Sacramento Ritrovato (1796)<ref>{{cite web |date=16 March 2009 |title=Santissimo Sacramento Ritrovato – Home |url=http://www.sacramentoritrovato.com/index.php |access-date=25 July 2009 |publisher=Sacramentoritrovato.com |archive-date=31 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091031070537/http://www.sacramentoritrovato.com/index.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Sanctuary of [[Blessed Virgin Mary|Our Lady]] of Ognina (1308).<ref>{{cite web |title=Santa Maria di Lognina |url=http://www.etnalandonline.it/catania/chiese/smlognina/smlognina.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090528075055/http://www.etnalandonline.it/catania/chiese/smlognina/smlognina.html |archive-date=28 May 2009 |access-date=20 August 2008 |website=Etanland on line |language=it}}</ref> ''Ognina'' is the maritime quarter and the main fishing port in Catania. Many bareboats and sailing vessels gather here all year round. In its close vicinity is a cylindrical tower known as Saint Mary's Tower (''Torre Santa Maria''),<ref>{{cite web |title=Catania, Torre di Ognina |trans-title=Saint Mary's Tower of Ognina |url=http://www.mondimedievali.net/Castelli/Sicilia/catania/ognina.htm |website=Mondi medievali |publisher=Archeoambiente e Giuseppe Tropea |language=it}}</ref> which was restructured in the 16th century to prevent the frequent plundering by the Saracen pirates. The church is the result of the gradual modification of the Greek Temple ''[[Athena]] Longatis'' or ''Parthenos Longatis'' that existed on the steep reef. This cult was described by [[John Tzetzes|Tzetses]] as imported from a [[Boeotia]]n region of [[Greece]] called ''Longas'', which is otherwise unknown.<ref>{{cite DGRBM| title=Longatis}}</ref> After the earthquake of 1693 it was rebuilt in the same place, but with a different orientation.
* [[Virgin of Montserrat|Our Lady of Montserrat]] (1755)<ref>{{cite web |title=Home Page Parrocchia N.S. di Monserrato |url=http://www.parrocchie.it/catania/monserrato/ |access-date=25 July 2009 |publisher=Parrocchie.it}}</ref>
* [[Our Lady of La Salette|Saint Mary of La Salette]]
* Our Lady of Concordia
* Our Lady of Consolation
* Santissimo Crocifisso Maiorana church
* Crucifix of Miracles
* Crucifix of Good Death
* Our Lady of La Mecca<ref>''La Mecca'' is not named after the Saudi [[holy city]], but a vernacular Catanian word that identifies a "[[silk]] mill" that existed, in effect, in its vicinity.</ref>
* Most Holy Redeemer
* Divina Maternità church
* Chapel of [[Mary Help of Christians|Mary Auxiliatrix]]
* Chapel of the Sacred Heart of Jesus church
* Sacro Cuore al Fortino (1898) church
* Saints [[Saint George|George]] and [[Saint Denis of Paris|Denis]]
* Sacred Heart Church of the [[Order of Friars Minor Capuchin|Capuchins]]
* Saint Christopher
* Saints Cosmas and Damian
* Saint Vitus
* Santi Angeli Custodi church
* Santissimo Salvatore church

=== Other ===
[[File:Catania - Palazzo Biscari - 2.jpg|thumb|''Palazzo Biscari'']]
[[File:Catania BW 2025-04-25 14-50-19 fr (cropped).jpg|thumb|''Palazzo San Demetrio'']]
[[File:Negozio Frigeri, Via Manzoni, Catania, arch. Tommaso Malerba.png|thumb|''Negozio Frigeri'']]
* [[Castello Ursino|Ursino Castle]], built by emperor [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]] in the 13th century.
* [[Palazzo degli Elefanti|Elephants' Palace]] ("Palace of the Elephants"), designed by Vaccarini, houses the municipality offices.
* [[Palazzo dell'Università, Catania|University Central Palace]], designed by the Battaglia family, is an offices seat and main library of the [[University of Catania|Catania University]].
* [[Palazzo Biscari|Biscari Palace]]
* [[Palazzo Tezzano|Tezzano Palace]]
* The Medieval Gothic-Catalan Arch of the Friars' Saint John the Baptist (''San Giovanni de' Fleres'')
* [[Porta Garibaldi, Catania|Porta Garibaldi]], [[triumphal arch]], originally ''Porta Ferdinandea'' erected in 1768 to celebrate the wedding of King [[Ferdinand I of Two Sicilies|Ferdinand I]] and [[Marie Caroline of Austria]].
* Porta del Fortino ("Redoubt Gate")
* [[Teatro Massimo Bellini|Bellini Theatre]]
* [[Teatro Sangiorgi, Catania|Sangiorgi Theatre]]
* [[Palazzo Rosa, Catania|Palazzo Rosa]] ("Pink Palace")
* Negozio Frigeri, or Palazzina Frigeri ("Frigeri Shop", or "Frigeri Little Palace")
* [[Palazzo dell'Esposizione]]
* The House of the War Mutilateds (''Casa del Mutilato'') built in [[Fascist architecture|Fascist-style architecture]].
* Catania War Cemetery, a [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] Graveyard located in the southern country hamlet of Bicocca.<ref>Commonwealth [[War Grave]]s Commission – Catania War Cemetery [http://www.cwgc.org/find-a-cemetery/cemetery/2006200]</ref><ref>Veterans Affairs Canada – Anciens Combattants Canada – Catania War Cemetery [http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/general/sub.cfm?source=feature/italy99/backgrounders/catania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071219045630/http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/general/sub.cfm?source=feature/italy99/backgrounders/catania |date=19 December 2007 }}</ref>
* [[Palazzo delle Poste, Catania|Palazzo delle Poste]] ("Post Office Palace")
* [[Palazzo della Borsa, Catania|Palazzo della Borsa]] ("Stock Exchange Building")
* [[Giardino Bellini|Bellini Garden, or Villa Bellini]]
* [[Orto Botanico dell'Università di Catania|Catania Botanical Garden]]
* [[Giardino Pacini|Pacini Garden]], or Villa Pacini
* Gioeni Park
* [[Clementi Clinic building, Catania|Clementi Building]]
* [[Garage Musumeci, Catania|Garage Musumeci]]
* Four sculpture reliefs' street lights, situated in the [[Piazza Universitaria, Catania|Piazza Universitaria]] ("University Square"), depicting legendary characters and events: [[Peix Nicolau]]; [[Amphinomus|Amphinomus and Anapias]]; Gammazita; and the [[Opera dei Pupi|young knight]] Uzeta.

== Economy ==
{{More citations needed section|section|date=February 2014}}
[[File:Catania Parco Villa Bellini.jpg|thumb|''Villa Bellini'', one of the most visited places]]
Catania is the first economic and industrial hub of Sicily. The city is famous for its mainly [[petrochemical industry]], and the extraction of [[sulphur]]. In the year 2000, according to Census, Catania was the 14th richest city in Italy, with a GDP of US$6.6 billion (€6.304 billion), which was 0.54% of the Italian GDP, a GDP per capita of US$21,000 (€20,100) and an average GDP per employee of US$69,000 (€66,100).<ref>{{cite web |title=La ricchezza del territorio italiano |url=http://www.regione.basilicata.it/dipattivitaproduttive/default.cfm?fuseaction=linkdoc&doc=519&link=527 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040318203933/http://www.regione.basilicata.it/dipattivitaproduttive/default.cfm?fuseaction=linkdoc&doc=519&link=527 |archive-date=18 March 2004 |access-date=1 June 2010 |publisher=www.regione.basilicata.it}}</ref>

In the late-19th century and early-20th century, Catania began to be heavily industrialised, with its several factories and chimneys, often being referred to as Southern Italy's "Manchester".{{citation needed|date=February 2014}} The economy of Catania suffered heavily from the bad effects of [[World War I]], and was marked by an economic crisis and recession that culminated in the 1920s.{{citation needed|date=February 2014}} Since then, the city lost its industrial and entrepreneurial importance.{{citation needed|date=February 2014}} In the 1930s, Catania remained a small fishing town with derelict and disused industries. However, after the destruction of [[World War II]], Catania's economy began to re-grow in the late-1950s and early-1960s.{{citation needed|date=February 2014}} The city's economic growth was so rapid and dynamic that it was often nicknamed the ''"Milan of the South"'', or in Italian ''"Milano del Sud"''.{{citation needed|date=February 2014}} This rapid economic growth prompted a great number of Sicilians living in the more rural areas, or smaller towns such as Enna, Ragusa and Caltanissetta, to move to the city to seek new jobs.

Today, Catania, despite several problems, has one of the most dynamic economies in the whole of Southern Italy. It still has a strong industrial and agricultural sector, and a fast-growing tourist industry, with many international visitors coming to visit the city's main sights and the nearby Etna volcano. It contains the headquarters or important offices of companies such as [[STMicroelectronics]], and also several chemical and [[pharmaceutical]] businesses. There have been several new business developments to further boost Catania's economy, including the construction of Etnapolis,<ref>{{cite web |title=home |url=http://www.centroetnapolis.it/etnapolis/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100617005527/http://www.centroetnapolis.it/etnapolis/index.html |archive-date=17 June 2010 |access-date=1 June 2010 |publisher=Centroetnapolis.it}}</ref> a big [[shopping mall]] designed by [[Massimiliano Fuksas]], the same architect who designed the [[FieraMilano]] industrial fair in Milan, or the Etna Valley,<ref>{{cite web |date=29 April 2010 |title=Oggi la chiamano Etna Valley: i progetti, le aziende, il lavoro nel territorio di Catania |url=http://www.etnavalley.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527005056/http://www.etnavalley.com/ |archive-date=27 May 2010 |access-date=1 June 2010 |publisher=Etnavalley.com}}</ref> where several high-tech offices are located.

[[Tourism]] is a fast-growing industry in Catania. Lately, the administration and private companies have made several investments in the [[hospitality industry]] in order to make tourism a competitive sector in the Metropolitan City. [[Etnaland]], a large [[amusement park|amusement]] and [[water park]] located in [[Belpasso]], is in the metropolitan area of Catania, {{Convert|12|km|mi}} from the city center. It is the largest of its kind in Southern Italy and attracts thousands of tourists, not only from [[Sicily]], but also from the rest of [[Italy]]. According to [[Tripadvisor]] (2018) it is the third-largest water park in [[Europe]].<ref>{{cite web |title=TripAdvisor Announces the Top Amusement Parks and Water Parks Around the Globe in Travellers' Choice Awards |url=https://tripadvisor.mediaroom.com/press-releases?item=126033}}</ref>

The seaport of Catania is linked to the road-rail distribution hub of [[Bologna]]. In September 2020 [[Mercitalia Logistics]] opened the first full railway route to link the city to Northern Italy. It replaced an older mixed maritime-railway line.<ref>{{cite web |date=2 February 2021 |title=Chep for sustainable freight transport |url=https://www.efanews.eu/item/16869-chep-for-sustainable-freight-transport.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606213233/https://www.efanews.eu/item/16869-chep-for-sustainable-freight-transport.html |archive-date=6 June 2021 |website=European Food Agency}}</ref>

== Education ==
[[File:Catania BW 2012-10-06 11-26-20.JPG|thumb|[[Palazzo dell'Università, Catania|Palazzo Centrale dell'Universita]], in city centre, houses the rector's office.]]
Established in 1434, the [[University of Catania]] is the oldest university in Sicily.<ref>{{cite web |author=[[Giuseppe Giarrizzo]] |title=La nostra storia |trans-title=Our History |url=http://www.unict.it/Pagina/Portale/Ateneo/La_nostra_storia.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120830083957/http://www.unict.it/Pagina/Portale/Ateneo/La_nostra_storia.aspx |archive-date=30 August 2012 |language=it}}</ref> Its academic nicknames are: ''Siculorum Gymnasium'' and ''Siciliae Studium Generale''. It hosts 12 faculties and over 62,000 students;<ref>{{cite web |title=La storia dell'Ateneo scritta da Giarrizzo |trans-title=The History of the University by Giarrizzo |url=http://www.unict.it/Pagina/Portale/Ateneo/La_nostra_storia/La_storia_dell_Ateneo_scritta_da_Giarrizzo/0/articolo_535/pagina_6_.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720084904/http://www.unict.it/Pagina/Portale/Ateneo/La_nostra_storia/La_storia_dell_Ateneo_scritta_da_Giarrizzo/0/articolo_535/pagina_6_.aspx |archive-date=20 July 2012 |language=it}}</ref> and offers undergraduate and postgraduate programs.

Catania hosts the ''[[Scuola superiore di Catania]]'', linked to the University of Catania, aimed at excellence in education; they offer undergraduate and postgraduate programs for teachers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Scuola Superiore di Catania |url=http://www.scuolasuperiorecatania.it/include/cambialingua.php?idpagina=1&lingua=2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090803122114/http://www.scuolasuperiorecatania.it/index.php |archive-date=3 August 2009 |language=it}}</ref>

Catania is home to the prestigious ''Istituto Musicale Vincenzo Bellini''<ref>{{cite web |title=Musical Institute Vincenzo Bellini – Official site |url=http://www.istitutobellini.it/eng/home.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718101614/http://www.istitutobellini.it/eng/home.php |archive-date=18 July 2011 |access-date=5 April 2011 |publisher=Istitutobellini.it}}</ref> an advanced institute of musical studies (Conservatory) and the ''Accademia di Belle Arti'' an advanced institute of artistic studies.<ref>{{cite web |title=Academy of Fine Arts of Catania |url=http://www.accademiadicatania.com/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040226203128/http://accademiadicatania.com/ |archive-date=26 February 2004 |access-date=5 April 2011 |publisher=Italian official site}}</ref> Both institutions offer programs of university level for musical and artistic education.

== Culture ==
[[File:MonumentoBelliniCT.jpg|thumb|Stesicoro Square and Bellini's Monument (Piazza Stesicoro – Monumento a Vincenzo Bellini)]]
[[File:Catania BW 2012-10-06 11-11-06.jpg|thumb|left|[[Teatro Massimo Bellini]]]]
Opera composer [[Vincenzo Bellini]] was born in [[Palazzo Gravina-Cruyllas]] in the city center, the palace now houses a museum about him. The [[Teatro Massimo Bellini|Teatro Massimo Vincenzo Bellini]], which opened in 1890, presents a variety of works through a season, which run from December to May, including the works of its namesake.

[[Giovanni Verga]] was born in Catania in 1840.<ref name="Verga">{{Cite book |last=Drabble |first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Drabble |title=The Oxford Companion to English Literature |publisher=Guild Publishing |year=1985 |edition=5th |location=London |page=1026 |chapter=Verga, Giovanni}}</ref> He became the greatest writer of ''[[Verismo (literature)|Verismo]]'', an Italian [[List of literary movements|literary movement]] akin to [[Naturalism (literature)|Naturalism]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Drabble |first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Drabble |title=The Oxford Companion to English Literature |publisher=Guild Publishing |year=1985 |edition=5th |location=London |page=1026 |chapter=Verismo}}</ref> His novels portray life among the lower levels of Sicilian society, such as fishermen and stonemasons, and were written in a mixture of both literary language and the local dialect.<ref name="Verga"/> [[Francesco Longo Mancini]] was a painter known for his paintings of nudes, who was born in Catania in 1880.
[[File:Candelore-1994.gif|thumb|upright|right|Saint [[Agatha of Sicily|Agatha]] Festival in February 1994]]
[[File:Catania I cannalori.jpg|thumb|left|[[Festival of Saint Agatha (Catania)|Festival of Saint Agatha]] in 1915]]
The city's [[patron saint]] is [[Agatha of Sicily|Saint Agatha]], who is celebrated with religious pageantry, the [[Festival of Saint Agatha (Catania)|Festival of Saint Agatha]], on 5 February every year.

The city is the base of the newspaper ''[[La Sicilia]]'' and of the TV channel [[Antenna Sicilia]], also known as the [[Sicilia Channel]]. Several other [[Television channel|local television]] channels and free-press magazines have their headquarters in Catania.

Catania hosts [[Etna Comics]], a successful [[comic book convention]] now in its 12th edition, and the [[Catania Tango Festival]], an international [[Tango]] event. Its 22nd edition has welcomed tango dancers from 27 different countries, confirming the festival as one of the most important international events in its genre.

The city is home to the [[Catania Jazz Festival]], which typically runs for several winter months with concerts in different locations.<ref>{{citation |title=Catania Jazz Festival |url=http://www.traghettiper-sicilia.it/en/tp-magazine/catania-jazz-festival-2017/ |access-date=5 February 2017 |publisher=Traghettiper-sicilia.it |ref={{harvid|Catania Jazz Festival – Traghettiper-sicilia}} |archive-date=13 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513183115/https://www.traghettiper-sicilia.it/en/tp-magazine/catania-jazz-festival-2017/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> In the late 1980s and during the 1990s Catania had an energetic and unique [[popular music]] scene. [[Indie pop]] and [[indie rock]] bands, local radio stations, and dynamic [[independent music]] record labels sprung up as a result. As a result, in those years the city experienced a vital and effervescent cultural period. Artists like [[Carmen Consoli]] and [[Mario Venuti]], and internationally known indie rock bands like [[Uzeda]] came out of this cultural ''milieu''.

== Sport ==
[[File:Stadio Massimino.jpg|thumb|right|Angelo Massimino Football Stadium]]
Catania is home to many [[sports club]]s covering a wide range of disciplines. The most famous club is the [[Catania FC]] [[football team]], followed by approximately half a million supporters.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 April 2013 |title=I dati della Lega Calcio sulla Tifoseria Italiana di Serie A |url=https://tifosobilanciato.wordpress.com/2013/04/26/i-dati-della-lega-calcio-sulla-tifoseria-italiana-di-serie-a/ |language=it}}</ref> Another club standing out from the rest is [[AS Orizzonte Catania]], which is the leading women's [[water polo]] club in Italy, with 25 National Championship titles (15 in a row from 1992 to 2006), and also in Europe, with 8 European Champions Cup titles.

Catania is the most successful city in team sports in the entire south of Italy (including Sicily and Sardinia), leading (as of August 2025) with 80 National Championships titles, ahead of [[Naples]] and of [[Bari]].

As for individual sports, 56 athletes from Catania have won world titles, 54 have won European titles and 139 have won national titles.

In the [[Olympic Games]], over the years, [[Italians|Italian]] athletes from Catania have won a total of 7 gold medals, 8 silver medals, and 4 bronze medals.

'''National Championships Titles Teams''' (as of August 2025)
{| {{Table|sort}}
! Number of Titles !! Club !! Sport !! Gender !! Years !! Notes
|-
! 25
| Orizzonte Catania
| Water Polo
| Female
| 1992 to 2006, 2008 to 2011, 2019, 2021 to 2025
| 15 years in a row (highest record in all Sports and both genders)
|-
! 10
| Polisportiva Canottieri Catania
| Canoe Polo
| Female
| 2011, 2013 to 2022
| 9 years in a row (in 2020 the title was not assigned due to the [[coronavirus pandemic]] and the related sanitary restrictions)
|-
! 6
| CUS Catania
| Field Hockey Indoor
| Female
| 1980, 1985, 1988, 1991, 1993, 1997
|
|-
! 6
| CUS Catania
| Field Hockey
| Female
| 1990 to 1994, 1996
| 5 years in a row
|-
! 5
| New Squash Club Catania
| Squash
| n/a
| 2016, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2024
|
|-
! 4
| Pink Elephants Catania
| American Football
| Female
| 2014, 2017, 2018, 2021
|
|-
! 3
| Catania Beach Soccer
| Beach Soccer
| Male
| 2008, 2018, 2024
|
|-
! 3
| Polisportiva Canottieri Catania
| Canoe Polo 3X3
| Female
| 2016 to 2018
|
|-
! 2
| Polisportiva I Cirnerchi Catania
| Cricket
| Female
| 2001, 2002
|
|-
! 2
| Islanders Catania
| Softball
| Male
| 2018, 2019
|
|-
! 2
| Polisportiva Canottieri Catania
| Canoe Polo
| Male
| 2018, 2023
|
|-
! 2
| Meta Catania
| 5-a-side Football
| Male
| 2024, 2025
|
|-
! 1
| Jolly Componibili Catania
| Football
| Female
| 1978
|
|-
! 1
| Paoletti Catania
| Volleyball
| Male
| 1978
|
|-
! 1
| Alidea Catania
| Volleyball
| Female
| 1980
|
|-
! 1
| CUS Catania
| Canoe Polo
| Female
| 1999
|
|-
! 1
| Romolo Murri Catania
| Cricket Indoor
| Male
| 2002
|-
! 1
| Pol. Nautica Katana / CK Academy
| Canoe Polo
| Female
| 2007
|
|-
! 1
| Circolo Canoa Catania
| Canoe Polo
| Female
| 2009
|
|-
! 1
| HCU Catania
| Field Hockey
| Female
| 2014
|
|-
! 1
| Red Sox Paternò
| Baseball
| Male
| 2016
|
|-
! 1
| Canottieri Jonica Catania
| Canoe Polo
| Female
| 2025
|
|-
! Total: 80
|}

'''Champion Cups Titles Teams''' (as of August 2025)
{| {{Table|sort}}
! Number of Titles !! Club !! Sport !! Gender !! Years
|-
! 8
| Orizzonte Catania
| Water polo
| Female
| 1994, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2004 to 2006, 2008
|-
! 2
| Polisportiva Canottieri Catania
| Canoe polo
| Female
| 2019, 2022
|-
! 1
| Catania Beach Soccer
| Beach Soccer
| Male
| 2025
|-
! Total: 11
|}

[[File:1955-09-18 Catania Etna WINNER Maserati 2084 de Filippis.jpg|thumb|right|[[Maria Teresa de Filippis]] winning the Catania-Etna in 1955]]
'''Main Sports Facilities'''
{| {{Table|sort}}
! Name !! Capacity !! Type !! Year !! Tenants !! Notes
|-
| '''Stadio Angelo Massimino'''
| 21000
| Football Stadium
| 1937
| Calcio Catania
|
|-
| '''PalaNesima'''
| 6500
| Sports Arena
| 2003
| n/a
| Restoration works planned
|-
| '''Piscina Comunale di Nesima'''
| 1000
| Swimming Pool
| 1996
| Orizzonte Catania
|
|-
| '''PalaCatania'''
| 4500
| Sports Arena
| 1997
| ASD Meta
|
|-
| '''PalaNitta'''
| 600
| Sports Arena
| 1997
|
|
|-
| '''PalaGalermo'''
| 500
| Sports Arena
| 1997
| ASD Blue Angels
|
|}

Catania holds the [[Catania-Etna (Hill Climb)|Catania-Etna]] car competition, organized by the [[Automobile Club d'Italia]]. The competition dates back to 1923 and has been taking place on a regular basis (with some gaps) from 1947. Suspended in 2010 due to a serious accident, the 46th edition is planned for the end of June 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=46a Catania-Etna |url=https://www.cronoscalate.it/events/event/46a-catania-etna/ |language=it}}</ref>

From 1960 to 2011 Catania held the International event named ''Trofeo Sant'Agata'', a [[road running]] competition which took place in the streets of the city center, every year on 3 February (the day the [[Festival of Saint Agatha (Catania)|Festival of Saint Agatha]] begins).

The city also hosted a series of International Sports Events:
* [[1993 Rugby World Cup Sevens qualifying]], and the associated [[Etna Cup]], which was won by the host Sicily team.
* [[1994 UCI Road World Championships]] (together with Palermo and Agrigento).
* [[1997 Summer Universiade]] (together with Palermo and Messina).
* [[2003 Military World Games]]
* [[2011 Men's EuroHockey Championship III]].
* [[2011 World Fencing Championships]] (Italy came out of this competition as the top winning nation with 11 medals, one won by the local fencer [[Paolo Pizzo]]).
* [[2024 World Company Sports Games]].

== Food and cuisine ==
[[Image:Arancini .jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Arancini]]]]
[[Image:Pasta alla Norma (2563876877).jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[Pasta alla Norma]]'']]
Food is an important part of Catania's culture and way of life. Local cuisine emphasizes several traits of [[Sicilian cuisine]], whilst developing some of its own character.

[[Street food]] is one of the best ways to experience traditional dishes. [[Arancini]] are perhaps the city's most iconic: they are stuffed rice balls coated in breadcrumbs and deep fried; in Catania, they are shaped like a cone to remind of [[Mount Etna]]. Typical specialties from the city include ''{{lang|scn|cipollina}}'' (puff pastry with onion, tomato, and prosciutto filling), ''bolognese'' (a small pizza topped with tomato, mozzarella, prosciutto, and boiled egg, and covered in puff pastry), ''{{lang|scn|crispelle}}'' (deep fried dough balls with [[ricotta]] or anchovies filling).

During street fairs and religious festivals, street stalls sell ''{{lang|scn|calia e simenza}}'' (toasted chickpeas and pumpkin seeds). Typical from old street markets are ''{{lang|scn|sangeli}}'' (cooked pork blood), ''{{lang|scn|quarumi}}'' (pork tripe), ''{{lang|scn|zuzzu}}'' (pork jelly), ''{{lang|scn|mauru}}'' (edible seaweed), and raw seafood. [[Horse meat]] is very traditional and is sold in shops called ''{{lang|scn|arrusti e mancia}}'' ("roast it and eat it"), which roast the meat in streetside barbecues.<ref>{{citation |title=Catania, patria della carne di cavallo |date=19 September 2016 |url=http://www.notiziecatania.it/notizie/catania/cibo-catanese-catania-e-la-patria-della-carne-di-cavallo/ |access-date=3 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906162256/http://www.notiziecatania.it/notizie/catania/cibo-catanese-catania-e-la-patria-della-carne-di-cavallo/ |archive-date=6 September 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Apart from street food, typical dishes from Catania are: ''[[pasta alla Norma]]'' (pasta with fried aubergine, tomato sauce and ricotta salata cheese), named after the [[Norma (opera)|namesake opera]] by [[Vincenzo Bellini]]; ''{{lang|scn|pasta cco niuru}}'' (pasta in cuttlefish ink), ''{{lang|scn|maccu}}'' (fava beans purée), ''{{lang|scn|bastaddi affucati}}'' or ''{{lang|scn|brocculi affucati}}'' (stewed cauliflower or broccoli), ''{{lang|scn|caponata}}'' (sautéed vegetables) and ''{{lang|scn|scacciata}}'' (a pie filled with tuma cheese) which is traditional during [[Christmas]]time.<ref>{{citation |title=La scacciata catanese, le origini del piatto natalizio per eccellenza della tradizione etnea |date=26 December 2018 |url=https://newsicilia.it/cultura/la-scacciata-catanese-le-origini-del-piatto-natalizio-per-eccellenza-della-tradizione-etnea/377264/ |access-date=6 October 2019}}</ref>

Catania is also famous for its ''pasticceria'' (pastries and cakes). Pastries vary according to season and to seasonal events: during the [[Festival of Saint Agatha (Catania)|Festival of Saint Agatha]], patron saint of the city, there are the ''{{lang|scn|cassatelle}}'' (small [[cassata]]s) and ''{{lang|scn|olivette}}'' (olive shaped [[almond paste]]). In [[Easter]], there are ''{{lang|scn|aceddi ccu l'ovu}}'' (boiled eggs covered in biscuit). In [[summer]] there is [[granita]]. During the ''Festa dei morti'' (traditional celebrations in [[All Souls' Day]]) there are biscuits called ''{{lang|scn|ossa di mortu}}'', ''{{lang|scn|rame di Napoli}}'' and ''{{lang|scn|nsuddi}}''.

Drink [[kiosks]] are everywhere in town and serve [[soft drink]]s. Traditional soft drinks are made by mixing fruit syrups with [[carbonated water|soda]] and other flavors such as [[anisette]].

Local products include [[blood orange]]s, [[pistachio]]s from [[Bronte, Sicily|Bronte]], extra-virgin [[olive oil]], [[opuntia|cactus fruit]], [[cherry|cherries]], [[grape]]s from [[Mazzarrone]], [[strawberry|strawberries]] from [[Maletto]], [[Edible mushroom|mushrooms]], [[honey]] and [[wine]].<ref>{{citation |title=Elenco dei prodotti siciliani di qualità |date=3 April 2016 |url=https://www.agricolturafinanziamenti.com/elenco-dei-prodotti-siciliani-di-qualita/ |access-date=6 October 2019}}</ref>

== Transport ==
[[File:GiovanniXXIII-metro.jpg|thumb|[[Catania Metro]]]]
Catania has a commercial seaport ([[Catania seaport]]), an [[international airport]] ([[Catania Fontanarossa]]), several [[railway station]]s ([[Catania Centrale railway station|Catania Centrale]] is the main one) and it is the main node of the Sicilian motorway system.

The motorways serving Catania are the A18 [[Messina]]-Catania and the A19 [[Palermo]]-Catania; and the prosecution of the A18 going from Catania to [[Syracuse, Sicily|Syracuse]] and to [[Gela]].

The [[Ferrovia Circumetnea|Circumetnea]] is a [[narrow-gauge]] railway that runs for {{convert|110|km|0|abbr=on}} from Catania around the base of [[Mount Etna]]. It attains an elevation of {{convert|976|m|ft|abbr=on}} [[Above mean sea level|above sea level]] before descending to rejoin the coast at [[Giarre]]-[[Riposto]] to the north.

In the late 1990s, the first line of an [[Rapid transit|underground railway]] (''[[Metropolitana di Catania]]'') was built. The underground service started in 1999 and it is currently active on a route of {{convert|8.8|km|1|abbr=on}}, from the station Nesima (west of town), passing through the stations of San Nullo, Cibali, Milo, Borgo, Giuffrida, Italia, Galatea, Giovanni XXIII, to Stesicoro. The last two stations, bringing Catania's underground into the city centre, opened on 20 December 2016.<ref name="Subway">Underground railway of Catania from Subways.net [http://www.subways.net/italy/catania.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090629142207/http://www.subways.net/italy/catania.htm|date=29 June 2009}} and from CityRailways.net in {{in lang|it}}[http://www.cityrailways.net/metroitaliane/catania.html] and (translation)[https://translate.google.com/translate?client=tmpg&hl=en&u=http://www.cityrailways.net/metroitaliane/catania.html&langpair=it%7Cen]</ref> The line is planned to be extended from the [[satellite city]] of [[Paternò]] to [[Catania Fontanarossa|Fontanarossa Airport]].

=== Catania public transport statistics ===
The average amount of time people spend commuting on public transit in Catania on a weekday is 56 min. 13% of public transit riders ride for more than 2 hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 23 min, while 46% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is {{Convert|4.7|km|mi|abbr=on}}, while 3% travel for over {{Convert|12|km|mi|abbr=on}} in a single direction.<ref>{{cite web |title=Catania Public Transportation Statistics |url=https://moovitapp.com/insights/en/Moovit_Insights_Public_Transit_Index_Italy_Catania-2806 |access-date=19 June 2017 |publisher=Global Public Transit Index by Moovit}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50px]] Material was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License].</ref>

== Notable residents ==
{{multiple image
| align=right
| image1 = Caronda.JPG
| width1 = 125
| caption1 = [[Charondas]]
| image2 = Pincio - busti - Stesicoro 1280023.JPG
| width2 = 125
| caption2 = [[Stesichorus]]
| image3 = Vincenzo bellini.jpg
| width3 = 125
| caption3 = [[Vincenzo Bellini]]
| image4 = Giovanni-Verga.jpg
| width4 = 121
| caption4 = [[Giovanni Verga]]
}}

{{multiple image
| align=right
| image1 = Giuseppe Fava.png
| width1 = 130
| caption1 = [[Giuseppe Fava]]
| image2 = F Battiato.jpg
| width2 = 125
| caption2 = [[Franco Battiato]]
| image3 = Carmen Consoli.jpg
| width3 = 125
| caption3 = [[Carmen Consoli]]
| image4 = Luca Parmitano 2013.jpg
| width4 = 135
| caption4 = [[Luca Parmitano]]
}}

* [[Aaron ben Gershon abu al-Rabi]], 15th century rabbi
* [[Oriana Bandiera]] (born 1971), economist and academic
* [[Pippo Baudo]] (1936–2025), TV presenter
* [[Franco Battiato]] (1945–2021), singer-songwriter, composer and filmmaker
* [[Gianni Bella]] (born 1947), singer-songwriter
* [[Marcella Bella]] (born 1952), singer
* [[Vincenzo Bellini]] (1801–1835), composer
* [[Ornella Bertorotta]] (born 1967), politician
* [[Alfredo Bonanno]] (born 1937), anarchist
* [[Vitaliano Brancati]] (1907–1954), writer
* [[Giuseppa Bolognara Calcagno]] (1826–1884), freedom fighter of the [[Risorgimento]]
* [[Luigi Capuana]] (1839–1915), writer
* [[Charondas]] (6th c. BC), jurist
* [[Carmen Consoli]] (born 1974), singer-songwriter
* [[Angelo d'Arrigo]] (1961–2006), aviator
* [[Federico De Roberto]] (1861–1927), writer
* [[Tea Falco]] (born 1986), actress
* [[Giuseppe Fava]] (1925–1984), journalist, writer and playwright
* [[Gotamī]], (1999-), Buddhist nun and writer
* [[Turi Ferro]] (1921–2001), actor
* [[Rosario Fiorello]] (1960), comedian, singer, radio and TV presenter
* [[Libero Grassi]] (1924–1991), businessman
* [[Leo Gullotta]] (born 1946), actor
* [[Andrea Lo Cicero]] (born 1976), rugby footballer
* [[Miriam Leone]] (born 1985), [[Miss Italia]] 2008
* [[Ettore Majorana]] (1905–?), physicist
* [[Nino Martoglio]] (1870–1921), writer
* [[Massimo Maugeri]] (born 1968), writer and journalist
* [[Angelo Musco (actor)|Angelo Musco]] (1872–1937), actor
* [[Tuccio Musumeci]] (born 1934), actor
* [[Giovanni Pacini]] (1796–1867), composer
* [[Luca Parmitano]] (born 1976), astronaut
* [[Ercole Patti]] (1903–1976), writer and journalist
* [[Goliarda Sapienza]] (1924–1996), writer
* [[Giuseppe Sciuti]] (1834–1911), painter
* [[Piermaria Siciliano]] (born 1974), swimmer
* [[Stefania Spampinato]] (born 1982), actress
* [[Stesichorus]] ({{c.|630}} – 555 BC), poet
* [[Giovanni Verga]] (1840–1922), writer
* [[Manlio Vinciguerra]] (born 1976), scientist

== International relations ==
=== Consulates ===
The following countries have a [[consulate]] in Catania: [[Azerbaijan]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Belgium]], [[Finland]], [[France]], [[United Kingdom]], [[Greece]], [[Malta]], the [[Netherlands]], [[Romania]], [[Senegal]], [[Spain]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[South Africa]], [[Switzerland]], and [[Ukraine]].<ref>{{Citation |title=MAECI, Cerimoniale diplomatico della Repubblica, Consolati di carriera ed onorari esteri in Italia. Roma, 21 novembre 2018 |url=https://www.esteri.it/mae/doc/ldc.pdf}}</ref>

=== Twin towns – sister cities ===
Catania is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |date=15 July 2019 |title=Catania Amica Del Mondo, Ecco Tutti I Gemellaggi Della Città Etnea |url=http://www.cataniaup.it/curiosita/catania-amica-del-mondo-ecco-tutti-i-gemellaggi-della-citta-etnea/ |access-date=13 December 2019 |website=cataniaup.it |publisher=Catania Up |language=it}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Grenoble]], France, since 1961
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]], United States, since 2001
* {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Ottawa]], Canada, since 2002
* {{flagicon|POL}} [[Oświęcim County]], Poland, since 2010
* {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Oxford]], England, UK, since 2012
* {{flagicon|SMR}} [[Borgo Maggiore]], San Marino, since 2015<ref>{{cite web |title=Catania e Borgo Maggiore (San Marino): un gemellaggio all'insegna di Sant'Agata |url=https://www.comune.catania.it/informazioni/cstampa/default.aspx?cs=41221 |access-date=13 January 2024 |language=it}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Kaliningrad]], Russia, since 2017
* {{flagicon|EGY}} [[Alexandria]], Egypt, since 2019
{{div col end}}

=== Influence on the planning of Adelaide, Australia ===
The site of what was to become the major [[Australia]]n city of [[Adelaide]] was surveyed and laid out by Colonel William Light, the first Surveyor-General of South Australia. In 1823, Light had fondly written of Catania: "The two principal streets cross each other at right angles in the square in the direction of north and south and east and west. They are wide and spacious and about a mile [1.6{{nbs}}km] long". This became the basis for his plan of Adelaide.<ref>Johnson and Langmead, [http://www.catalog.slsa.sa.gov.au/record=b1082509 ''The Adelaide city plan: fiction and fact''], Wakefield Press, 1986.</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Italy|European Union|Cities}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== Sources ==
* {{Cite book |last=Amico |first=Vito Maria |url=https://archive.org/details/b30414210_0001 |title=Catana Illustrata |year=1740}}
* {{Cite book |last=Correnti |first=Santi |title=La Città Semprerifiorente |publisher=Greco |year=1981 |location=Catania}}
* {{Cite book |last=Correnti |first=Santi |title=Cataniamia |publisher=Greco |year=2001 |location=Catania}}
* {{Cite book |last=Correnti |first=Santi |title=Le strade di Catania |author2=Santino Spartà |publisher=Newton & Compton |year=2007 |location=Rome}}
* {{Cite book |last=Various |title=Enciclopedia di Catania |publisher=Tringale}}
* Ilaria Di Pietra, ''Catania. Viaggi e viaggiatori nella città del vulcano'', Giuseppe Maimone Editore, Catania 2007
* Antonino Recupero, ''Catania. Città del mediterraneo'', (Fotografia di Alfio Garozzo. Prefazione di Andrea Camilleri), Giuseppe Maimone Editore, Catania 2007, {{ISBN|978-88-7751-273-4}}
* {{SmithDGRG}}

== Further reading ==
{{See also|Timeline of Catania#Bibliography|l1=Bibliography of the history of Catania}}
* {{Citation |title=Italy: Handbook for Travellers: Third Part, Southern Italy, Sicily |year=1867 |chapter=Catania |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/italyhandbookfo12firgoog#page/n359/mode/2up |publisher=Karl Baedeker |oclc=4158305 |ol=20556096M}}
* {{Citation |title=Southern Italy and Sicily |year=1908 |chapter=Catania |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/southernitalysic00karl#page/386/mode/2up |edition=15th |location=Leipzig |publisher=Karl Baedeker |ol=24396430M}}

== External links ==
{{Commons}}
{{wikivoyage|Catania}}
{{EB1911 poster|Catania}}
* {{Official website|http://www.comune.catania.it/}}

{{Catania landmarks}}
{{Navboxes
| list =
{{Province of Catania}}
{{World Heritage Sites in Italy}}
{{Archaeological sites in Sicily}}
{{Magna Graecia}}
{{Cities in Italy}}
}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Catania| ]]
[[Category:Coastal towns in Sicily]]
[[Category:Mediterranean port cities and towns in Italy]]
[[Category:Municipalities of the Metropolitan City of Catania]]

[[Category:Ancient cities in Sicily]]
[[Category:Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Italy]]
[[Category:Populated places destroyed by earthquakes]]
[[Category:Euboean colonies of Magna Graecia]]
[[Category:Roman towns and cities in Italy]]
[[Category:Sicilian Baroque]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 8th century BC]]
[[Category:8th-century BC establishments in Italy]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in Italy]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Sicily]]

Sudipta Das

2026-05-06T17:14:51Z

Smartkabadi: Started First Info From Scratch

{{Short description|Indian politician in West Bengal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2026}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Bijpur Assembly constituency|Bijpur]]
| term_start = 4 May 2026
| term_end =
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = [[Subodh Adhikary]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
}}

'''Sudipta Das''' is a politician from West Bengal. He is a member of [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]], from [[Bijpur Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-04 |title=Dhupguri Election Result 2026 LIVE Updates: West Bengal (Dhupguri) Assembly Election Results 2026 Winner, Vote Counting, Runner-up |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/dhupguri-election-result-live-updates-west-bengal-assembly-election-results-winner-10670089/ |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> He is a member of [[Bharatiya Janata Party – West Bengal|Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref name=":TOI">{{cite web |title=Poll Results |https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2026/candidateswise-S25103.htm# |website=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-Date=4 May 2026 |date=4 May 2026|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Das, Sudipta}}
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2026–2031]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Govind Singh (colonel)

2026-05-06T16:57:25Z

Smartkabadi: new new bio

{{notability|1=Biographies|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = [[Colonel (India)|Colonel]]
| name = Thakur Govind Singh
| image = Col Govind Singh PBG.png
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1921|10|12}}
| death_date =
| birth_place = [[Jaipur]], [[India]]
| death_place =
| burial_place =
| burial_label =
| nickname =
| allegiance = {{flag|Jaipur State}} (1942–1947) {{flag|British Raj}} (1942–1947) {{flag|India}} (1947–1972)
| branch = {{Army|British India}} {{Army|India}}
| service_years =
| rank = [[Colonel (India)|Colonel]]
| unit = Rajendra Hazari Guards Sawai Man Guards [[Governor General's Bodyguard]] [[President's Bodyguard (India)|President's Bodyguard]] [[The Central India Horse (21st King George V's Own Horse)|Central India Horse]] [[61st Cavalry (India)|61st Cavalry]]
| commands = [[President's Bodyguard (India)|President's Bodyguard]] [[61st Cavalry (India)|61st Cavalry]]
| battles = {{tree list}}
* [[World War II]]
** [[North African campaign]]
** [[Italian campaign (World War II)|Italian campaign]]
* [[Indo-Pakistan War of 1965]]

{{tree list/end}}
| awards = [[1939–1945 Star]] [[Africa Star]] [[War Medal 1939–1945]]
| other_work =
}}
'''Colonel Thakur Govind Singh''' (born 12 October 1921) was an [[Indian Army]] officer who served as the inaugural Indian Commandant of the [[President's Bodyguard (India)|President's Bodyguard]] (PBG). During a military career spanning three decades, he saw active service in [[World War II]] and the [[India–Pakistan war of 1965|Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]], later commanding the [[61st Cavalry (India)|61st Cavalry]].

== Early life ==
Govind Singh was born on 12 October 1921 in [[Jaipur]], [[British India]], into a [[Tomar (Rajput clan)|Tomar]] [[Rajput]] family. His father, [[Major general (India)|Major General]] Sir Thakur Bhairon Singh of Khatipura, was an officer in the Jaipur State Forces. Singh was the third son in his family; his older brothers also pursued military careers, including Colonel Thakur Harnath Singh Major General [[Kanwar Zorawar Singh]], [[Military Cross|MC]], who served with the [[21st Horse (Central India Horse)|Central India Horse]]. He received his early education at [[The Doon School]] in [[Dehradun]] before entering military service during the [[Second World War]].<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last1=Chhina |first1=Rana |url=http://archive.org/details/rightoflinepresi0000unse |title=Right of the Line : The President's Bodyguard |last2=Dinesh Khanna (photographer) |date=2015 |publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India |others=Public Resource |isbn=978-81-230-2003-7}}</ref><ref name="Sandhu">{{cite book |last=Sandhu |first=Gurcharan Singh |title=The Indian Armour: History of the Indian Armoured Corps |publisher=Vision Books |year=1987 |isbn=978-8170940043}}</ref>

== Military career ==
Singh was initially commissioned into the Rajendra Hazari Guards of the Jaipur State Forces in 1942. In 1944, he transferred to the Sawai Man Guards and deployed overseas. During World War II, he served with his regiment in [[Egypt in World War II|Egypt]] and [[Italian campaign (World War II)|Italy]], and later participated in the [[Liberation of Hong Kong|post-war occupation of Hong Kong]].

Following the war, he was appointed as an [[Aide-de-camp|Aide-de-Camp]] (ADC) to [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]] [[Claude Auchinleck|Sir Claude Auchinleck]], the [[Commander-in-Chief, India|Commander-in-Chief of the British Indian Army]]. In this capacity, Singh represented the [[Indian Armed Forces|Indian armed forces]] at the [[1946 London Victory Parade]].<ref name="Sandhu" />

=== Command of the President's Bodyguard ===
Prior to India's independence, [[Lord Mountbatten]] selected Singh to take over command of the [[Governor General's Bodyguard]] (GGBG) from its departing British officers. Following his promotion to [[Major (India)|Major]], Singh officially served as the 35th Commandant—and the first Indian Commandant—of the unit from 31 December 1947 to 24 September 1950.

During the partition of India, Singh worked alongside his Pakistani counterpart, Major [[Sahabzada Yaqub Khan|Sahibzada Yaqub Khan]], to divide the assets of the bodyguard regiment between the two newly independent nations. A notable incident occurred regarding the ownership of the gold and silver-plated buggies previously used by the Viceroy of India. With neither side willing to relinquish the gold carriage, Commander Peter Hows suggested a coin toss to decide the inheritance. Using a 1 rupee silver coin, Singh called heads and won the toss, securing the gold carriage for India while the silver set went to Pakistan. This historic gold-plated buggy is still used in India today to celebrate the newly elected president.<ref name="Sandhu" />

During the [[partition of India]], Singh worked alongside his Pakistani counterpart, Major [[Sahabzada Yaqub Khan|Sahibzada Yakub Khan]], to divide the assets of the bodyguard regiment between the two newly independent nations. Singh later recorded that they divided the assets "in a very friendly manner in the shortest possible time". A notable incident occurred regarding the ownership of the gold and silver-plated buggies previously used by the [[Viceroy of India]]. With neither side willing to relinquish the gold carriage, Commander Peter Hows of the [[Royal Navy]], who served as the senior aide-de-camp to Lord Mountbatten, suggested a coin toss to decide the inheritance. Yakub Khan allowed Singh to call the toss. Using a 1 rupee silver coin, Singh called heads and won, securing the gold carriage for India, while the silver set was sent to [[Karachi]] for [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]. This historic gold-plated buggy is still used in India today to celebrate the newly elected president.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-05 |title=‘Macron was pleased’: When President’s buggy returned to duty after 40 years |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/macron-was-pleased-when-presidents-buggy-returned-to-duty-after-40-years-9144311/ |access-date=2026-04-18 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

Following the partition, the regiment's composition was reorganized to compensate for the transfer of [[Punjabi Muslims|Punjabi Muslim]] troops to Pakistan. The initial batch of Rajput soldiers brought into the PBG came primarily from the Rajendra Hazari Guards of the Jaipur State Forces, which was Singh's parent regiment.<ref name="Butler">{{cite book |last=Butler |first=David |title=Mountbatten: The Last Viceroy |publisher=Pocket Books |year=1985}}</ref>

Under Singh's tenure, the unit officially transitioned into the President's Bodyguard upon India becoming a republic in 1950. A lasting legacy of his command is the PBG commandant's ceremonial crop, or "baton", which is passed from the outgoing commandant to the incoming one. This crop is inscribed with the names of all the commandants, beginning with Major Thakur Govind Singh's name as the first post-Independence Indian commandant.<ref name="Chhina">{{cite book |last1=Chhina |first1=Rana T.S. |title=Right of the Line: The President's Bodyguard |last2=Chandra |first2=Yashaswini |publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India |year=2015 |isbn=978-81-230-2003-7}}</ref>

=== Later Service ===
In 1953, Singh transferred to the Central India Horse, an armored regiment, to gain experience in [[mechanized warfare]]. He later served as an instructor at the [[National Defence Academy (India)|National Defence Academy]] (NDA) in Khadakwasla from 1958 to 1961.

In 1961, he was appointed as the Commandant of the [[61st Cavalry (India)|61st Cavalry]], the Indian Army's primary horsed cavalry regiment. He led the regiment during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]], where his unit was deployed for border reconnaissance and patrol duties in the [[South Western Command (India)|Rajasthan sector]].

A notable [[polo]] player, Singh is recognized as one of the legends of Indian polo, alongside figures such as [[V. P. Singh (brigadier)|V.P. Singh]] and [[H. S. Sodhi|Sodhi]]. His frontline military career was curtailed following a severe polo injury in 1967 that resulted in the loss of an eye. He subsequently transitioned to training roles, serving as a Group Commander and later deputy director for the [[National Cadet Corps (India)|National Cadet Corps]] (NCC) in [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Rajasthan]]. He retired from active service in October 1972.<ref name="Express">{{cite news |date=22 May 2020 |title=Military Digest: 61st Cavalry rides into the sunset |newspaper=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref name="Chhina" />

== Personal life ==
Following his retirement, Singh settled in [[Jaipur]]. He married Sneh Kumari of [[Garrauli State]], and the couple had two children. In 1972, he commissioned the construction of a Spanish-style residence in Jaipur known as "Shiv Saya," designed by the Austrian architect [[Karl Malte von Heinz]].

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Govind}}
[[Category:1921 births]]
[[Category:Year of death unknown]]
[[Category:British Indian Army officers]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Indian Army personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:People from Jaipur]]
[[Category:Indian State Forces officers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian military personnel]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Rajasthan]]

Vikrant University

2026-05-04T09:42:00Z

Smartkabadi:

{{Short description|Private university in Gwalior, India}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Vikrant University
| native_name =
| motto =
| mottoeng =
| type = Private university
| established = 2022
| chancellor = Rakesh Singh Rathore
| vice_chancellor =
| city = Gwalior
| state = Madhya Pradesh
| country = India
| campus = Urban
| affiliations = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]
| website = {{URL|https://vikrantuniversity.ac.in/}}
}}

'''Vikrant University''' is a private university located in [[Gwalior]], Madhya Pradesh, India. It was established in 2022 under the Madhya Pradesh Private University (Establishment and Operation) Act, 2022 (Act No. 25 of 2022).<ref name="Act">{{Cite web |title=मध्य प्रदेश निजी विश्वविद्यालय (स्थापना एवं संचालन) अधिनियम, 2022 |url=https://mis.mpnvva.in/mis/Web/Documents/Act/wa471rk4gUmDhCOKrNnUCg==.pdf |publisher=Government of Madhya Pradesh}}</ref> The university is listed as a recognized private university by the University Grants Commission of India.<ref name="UGClist">{{Cite web |title=University Grants Commission – Vikrant University |url=https://www.ugc.gov.in/universitydetails/Private_university_other?id=1188 |publisher=University Grants Commission (India)}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |title=Vikrant University - University Profile |url=https://mppurc.mponline.gov.in/Home/UniversityProfile/MPU50 |website=MP Private University Regulatory Commission |publisher=Government of Madhya Pradesh |access-date=18 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Consolidated List of All Universities|url=https://www.ugc.gov.in/oldpdf/Consolidated%20list%20of%20All%20Universities.pdf|website=University Grants Commission (UGC)|publisher=Government of India|format=PDF|access-date=18 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=33rd Quality Convention held at Vikrant University, 90 teams presented case studies |url=https://www.punjabkesari.in/panchkula/news/33rd-quality-convention-held-at-vikrant-university-90-teams-presented-case-stud-2224566 |work=Punjab Kesari |language=en |access-date=20 February 2026}}</ref>

== History ==
Vikrant University was established in 2022 following the passage of the Madhya Pradesh Private University Act, 2022 by the Government of Madhya Pradesh.<ref name="Act" />

In 2025, the university signed a memorandum of understanding with Kisan Munafa to support initiatives in agri-tech innovation.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Vikrant University signs landmark MoU with Kisan Munafa to fuel agri-tech innovation |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/business/vikrant-university-signs-landmark-mou-with-kisan-munafa-to-fuel-agri-tech-innovation/ |work=The Tribune |date=2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Vikrant University's MD shines at ICQCC 2025 Taipei |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/business/vikrant-universitys-md-shines-at-icqcc-2025-taipei20251110120935 |work=ANI |date=2025}}</ref>

== Academic profile ==
The university offers undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral programs in fields such as engineering, management, law, agriculture, science, pharmacy, and allied disciplines.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vikrant University Courses and Overview |url=https://www.shiksha.com/college/vikrant-university-gwalior-60197 |work=Shiksha}}</ref>

== Recognition ==
Vikrant University is listed by the University Grants Commission as a private university under Section 2(f) of the UGC Act, India.<ref name="UGClist" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.vikrantuniversity.ac.in/ Vikrant University website]

{{Universities in Madhya Pradesh}}

{{coord|26|14|43|N|78|18|46|E|type:edu_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Private universities in India]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Education in Gwalior]]
[[Category:Universities in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 2022]]

Chennai Snake Park

2026-05-02T14:37:36Z

Smartkabadi: new article

{{Short description|Indian non-profit organization}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Infobox organization
|name = Chennai Snake Park Trust
|image =
|caption = Logo
|image_border =
|image_size = 135px
|map =
|map_size =
|map_caption =
|abbreviation = CSPT
|formation = 1972
|extinction =
|type = [[NGO]]
|status = Non-profit public trust
|purpose = Herpetofaunal conservation, research and education
|headquarters = Chennai
|location = Rajbhavan Post, [[Guindy]], [[Chennai]] 600022
|coordinates = {{coord|13.0040|N|80.2380|E}}
|region_served = [[India]]
|membership =
|language = Tamil, English
|leader_title = Founder
|leader_name = [[Romulus Whitaker]]
|main_organ = Board of Trustees
|parent_organization =
|affiliations = [[Central Zoo Authority of India|CZA]]
|num_staff =
|num_volunteers =
|budget =
|website = {{URL|http://cspt.in/}}
|remarks =
}}

The '''Chennai Snake Park''', officially the '''Chennai Snake Park Trust''', is a not-for-profit [[non-governmental organization]] constituted in 1972 by herpetologist [[Romulus Whitaker]] and is India's first reptile park.<ref>{{Cite web
|title=Agumbe Rainforest Research Station
|publisher=ARRS
|date=nd
|url=http://www.agumberainforest.com/team.html
|access-date=8 Oct 2011
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317075209/http://www.agumberainforest.com/team.html
|archive-date=17 March 2012
}}</ref> Also known as the '''Guindy Snake Park''', it is located next to the Children's Park in the [[Guindy National Park]] campus. Located on the former home of the [[Madras Crocodile Bank Trust]], the park is home to a wide range of snakes such as adders, pythons, vipers, cobras and other reptiles. The park gained statutory recognition as a medium zoo from the [[Central Zoo Authority]] in 1995.<ref>{{Cite web
|title=List of Zoos, whose Master Plan received till 31st March, 2011
|publisher=Central Zoo Authority of India
|year=2011
|url=http://www.cza.nic.in/Status%20of%20Master%20Plan%20Submitted%20by%20Zoos.pdf
|access-date=8 Oct 2011
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927231940/http://www.cza.nic.in/Status%20of%20Master%20Plan%20Submitted%20by%20Zoos.pdf
|archive-date=27 September 2011
}}</ref>

==History==
The park, formerly known as the '''Madras Snake Park Trust''' (MSPT), was established by the American-born naturalised Indian herpetologist [[Romulus Whitaker]], who is no longer associated with the Trust. Before returning to [[India]] in 1967, Romulus Whitaker had worked with the [[Miami]] [[Serpentarium]] at [[Florida]], [[United States]]. On his arrival to India, he established a small snake park at [[Selaiyur]] village, a suburb of Chennai. In 1972, he obtained a piece of land in [[Guindy]] on lease from the Forest Department of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] and, with the help of a group of naturalists from Chennai, set up a bigger park and soon constituted a trust to manage its affairs. The Board of Trustees consisted of Doris N. Chattopadhyaya, Harry Miller, M. V. Rajendran, S. Meenakshisundaram, M. Krishnan, Romulus Whitaker and A. N. Jagannatha Rao. In 1976 and 1988, ex officio trustees from various government institutions were added to the board. Mr. Romulus Whitaker is no longer associated with the Trust<ref>{{Cite journal
| title = The Chennai Snake Park
| publication = Madras Musings
| volume = XX
| issue = 22
| publisher = MadrasMusings
| location = Chennai
| date = 1–15 March 2011
| url = http://madrasmusings.com/Vol%2020%20No%2022/otherstories.html
| access-date = 8 Oct 2011}}</ref> The park underwent various renovation after 1994, including an aquarium for sea snakes and turtles and restoration of enclosures and additional facilities.

In 1997, the park was renamed as the Chennai Snake Park, following the renaming of the city of Madras in 1996.

==Organizational structure==
The chairman of the board of trustees is also the chief executive of the park holding a part-time and honorary position. The director, assisted by an environmental education officer, heads the full-time staff constituting 20 employees. There are eight animal keepers in the park, of whom five are from the [[Irulas|Irula]] tribe, traditionally known for their occupation of snake-catching.

==Objectives==
The stated objectives of the park include the following:<ref>{{Cite web
|title = Objectives
|publisher = Chennai Snake Park Trust
|date = nd
|url = http://cspt.in/objectives.php?t=3
|access-date = 8 Oct 2011
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110110223540/http://cspt.in/objectives.php?t=3
|archive-date = 10 January 2011
|url-status = dead
|df = dmy-all
}}</ref>
* To maintain and display a captive collection of snakes and other reptiles as a means of eliciting public interest in them and prompting the public to empathize with them.
* To promote knowledge among the public on reptiles and amphibians and dispel the widespread erroneous beliefs about snakes in particular and, to this end, conduct awareness programmes targeting school children primarily and bring out low-priced publications with technical, semi-technical and popular contents on reptiles and amphibians.
* To aid and assist research on reptiles and amphibians including the conduct of surveys to assess their status and distribution.
* To undertake captive breeding of endangered species of snakes and other reptiles.
* To canvas public support for the protection and conservation of reptiles and amphibians.

==The park==
The park covers an area of 1 acre in the Guindy National Park campus. The land is taken on a long-term lease agreement with the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] on a nominal rental. Accessibility to the park is provided by a small road linked to Sardar Vallabhai Patel Road. The park attracts about 700,000 visitors annually, of whom one fifth are children, generating a revenue of about {{INR}} 6 million.

{| class="wikitable sortable" align=right
|-
! Group
! Number of species (as on 1 October 2010)
|-
| [[Snake]] || 23
|-
| [[Crocodile]] || 7
|-
| [[Turtle]]/[[Tortoise]] || 3
|-
| [[Lizard]] || 6
|- class="sortbottom"
| Total || 39
|}
As of 2010, the park exhibits a total of 39 species, including 23 species of Indian snakes, all 3 Indian species and 4 exotic species of crocodiles, 3 species of Indian tortoises and turtles and 6 species of the larger Indian lizards. Snake species on display include [[reticulated python]], [[Indian rock python]], [[common krait]], [[Russell's viper]], [[saw-scaled viper]], [[Rat snake|Indian rat snake]], [[red sand boa]], [[Erycinae|common sand boa]], [[Cerberus rynchops|dog-faced water snakes]], [[Boiga|common cat snake]], [[Oligodon|common kukri snake]], [[Dendrelaphis tristis|common bronzeback tree snake]], [[annulated sea snake]], [[common wolf snake]], [[Ahaetulla|common vine snake]], [[Amphiesma stolatum|striped keelback]], [[Fowlea piscator|checkered keelback]], [[Atretium|olive keelback]], [[Coelognathus helena|common trinket snake]], [[Indian Cobra|spectacled cobra]], [[Laticauda colubrina|banded sea krait]] and [[Enhydrina schistosa|hook-nosed sea snake]]. Crocodilian species include the [[gharial]],<ref>{{Cite web
|title=Zoos in Gharial Conservation
|publisher=Gharial Conservation Alliance
|date=nd
|url=http://www.gharialconservation.org/conservation/current-conservation/zoos/
|access-date=8 Oct 2011
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326194520/http://www.gharialconservation.org/conservation/current-conservation/zoos/
|archive-date=26 March 2012
}}</ref> [[marsh crocodile]], [[saltwater crocodile]], [[Siamese crocodile]], [[Dwarf crocodile|African dwarf crocodile]], [[Nile crocodile]] and [[spectacled caiman]]. Other reptiles at the park include [[Asian water monitor|water monitor]], [[Bengal monitor]], [[Indian black turtle]], [[Indian flapshell turtle]], [[Indian star tortoise]], [[Hemidactylus maculatus|spotted rock gecko]] and [[Chamaeleo zeylanicus|South Asian chamaeleon]]. The snakes are housed in glass-fronted enclosures and the crocodilians and the larger lizards are housed in open-air enclosures protected by parapet walls and wire mesh. The park also has an aquarium for water snakes and turtles. All the enclosures have signages giving information in [[English language|English]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]].

On 16 January 2010, the country's first-of-its-kind Digital Infotainment–based visitors interpretation centre with static and electronically aided moving mode displays with information on snakes in English and Tamil, using six 32" LCD screens, was opened for public.<ref>{{Cite web
|title=PXLView enthralls Visitors to Chennai Snake Park
|publisher=Nexmoo Solutions
|url=http://www.nexmoo.com/nexmoo/media.php
|access-date=8 Oct 2011
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103004304/http://www.nexmoo.com/nexmoo/media.php
|archive-date=3 November 2011
}}</ref>

There is a small auditorium with a ceiling-mounted projector, wall-mounted screen and a touch-screen kiosk for conducting classes for visiting students. There are also facilities for projecting from the kiosk to the wall-mounted screen. The park has a museum of preserved specimens of reptiles and amphibians and a library with a stock of books and journals on reptiles and related subjects. The park also demonstrates venom extraction from snakes. From May 1976, the centre publishes a journal named ''Hamadryad'' on reptiles and amphibians, renamed as ''Cobra'' since 1990. Originally a quarterly, the journal was made a half-yearly since January 2010. The centre also publishes various books on the subject.

The centre remains closed on Tuesdays.

==Captive breeding==
The park, along with the [[Arignar Anna Zoological Park]], [[Madras Crocodile Bank Trust|Madras Crocodile Bank]] and the [[Mysore Zoo]], is slated to become a nodal point for captive breeding of endangered pythons in the country, especially the Indian rock python (''Python molurus'') and reticulated python (''Python reticulatus'').<ref>{{Cite news
| last = Doraisamy
| first = Vani
| title = Chennai may become a python-breeding hub
| location = Chennai
| date = 22 April 2005
| url = http://www.hindu.com/2005/04/22/stories/2005042216000800.htm
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050428043805/http://www.hindu.com/2005/04/22/stories/2005042216000800.htm
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 28 April 2005
| newspaper = [[The Hindu]]
| access-date = 8 Oct 2011}}</ref> The park also breeds [[mugger crocodile]]s.<ref>{{Cite web
|last=Choudhury
|first=BC
|title=Ex-Situ conservation-1 Crocodile Breeding in Indian Zoos
|work=International Zoo Year-Book, Vols 1-27.
|url=http://wiienvis.nic.in/crocodile/zoo.htm
|access-date=8 Oct 2011
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410044344/http://wiienvis.nic.in/crocodile/zoo.htm
|archive-date=10 April 2009
|df=dmy
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
|last=Nair Singh
|first=Valsa R.
|title=Crocodile Conservation - Indian Scenario
|work=Envis Newsletter
|publisher=Envis Centre, Environment Department, Government of Maharashtra
|date=August 2008
|url=http://envis.maharashtra.gov.in/envis_data/files/Crocodile/CrocIndScen.html
|access-date=8 Oct 2011
|display-authors=etal
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929175409/http://envis.maharashtra.gov.in/envis_data/files/Crocodile/CrocIndScen.html
|archive-date=29 September 2011
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
|title=Zoological Parks in India Breeding Indian Crocodilians
|work=WII ENVIS Bulletin - Indian Crocodilians
|date=June 1999
|url=http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/nwdc/crocodile_breeding_centres.pdf
|access-date=8 Oct 2011
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009114052/http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/nwdc/crocodile_breeding_centres.pdf
|archive-date=9 October 2011
}}</ref>

The park is one of the participating zoos approved by the Central Zoo Authority for the conservation of rock python.<ref>{{Cite web
|title=Role of Zoos in Conservation of Endangered Species
|publisher=Central Zoo Authority
|url=http://envfor.nic.in/cza/end.htm
|access-date=8 Oct 2011
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814051454/http://envfor.nic.in/cza/end.htm
|archive-date=14 August 2011
}}</ref>

==Research==
In 2008–10, the park's research lab implemented a research for developing a snake repellent to protect army personnel from snakes commonly found in desert regions. This is being funded by a Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) grant of {{INR}} 900,000.<ref>{{Cite news
| last = Umachandran
| first = Shalini
| author2=Vimal Bhatia |author3=Ajay Parmar
| title = Repelling the reptiles
| location = Chennai
| date = 10 April 2010
| url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-04-10/india/28128761_1_snakes-venom-army-jawans
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120921025521/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-04-10/india/28128761_1_snakes-venom-army-jawans
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 21 September 2012
| newspaper = [[The Times of India]]
| access-date = 8 Oct 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
| title = Repelling the Reptiles
| publisher = knowhowledge.com
| url = http://knowhowledge.com/website/staticpages/Featureidea/Featureideaavail/Snakerepellant/100410treptileindsnakerepel1ap.asp
| access-date = 8 Oct 2011
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120330224926/http://knowhowledge.com/website/staticpages/Featureidea/Featureideaavail/Snakerepellant/100410treptileindsnakerepel1ap.asp
| archive-date = 30 March 2012
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>

In September 2010, the Trust sanctioned a 5-year survey of the [[herpetofauna]] of the [[Eastern Ghats]]. The park also undertakes reptile surveys in various other parts of the state.

==Other activities==
Initially, the process of extracting venom from snakes for pharmaceutical companies to prepare anti-venom drugs was undertaken by the park. However, after the government imposed a ban on selling snake skins, this task has been given to the Irulas Co-operative Society at the Madras Crocodile Bank Trust.<ref>{{Cite news
| last = UNI
| title = Not possible to keep King Cobras on display:snake park chief
| newspaper = NewKerala.com
| url = http://www.newkerala.com/news/world/fullnews-132405.html
| access-date = 8 Oct 2011}}</ref>

The park conducts various outreach programmes for schools in and around Chennai on snakes and other reptiles and their environment and one-day workshops for personnel of the forest department and fire and rescue services department to train them in identifying snakes, rescuing them from human habitations and translocating them to wild habitats. The park also conducts regular demonstrations and lectures on identification of some of the principal species of venomous and non-venomous snakes, the need to protect them, ways of preventing them from getting into human habitations and translocating them from such habitations, treatment of [[snakebite]] and so forth.

==Incidents==
On 11 July 2009, eight [[sand boa]]s (''Eryx johnii'') in the park were stolen from their enclosures located close to the quarantine block and the staff quarters. The theft occurred in the night and was noticed the next morning. Incidentally, three sand boas were stolen from their enclosure at the Arignar Anna Zoological Park the previous night.<ref>{{Cite news
| last = TNN
| title = Snake thieves expose poor zoo safety
| location = Chennai
| date = 14 July 2009
| url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-14/chennai/28199848_1_sand-boas-snake-park-vandalur-zoo
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120922083207/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-14/chennai/28199848_1_sand-boas-snake-park-vandalur-zoo
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 22 September 2012
| newspaper = [[The Times of India]]
| access-date = 8 Oct 2011}}</ref> However, two were recovered 3 days later, after they were found hiding in the premises.<ref>{{Cite news
| last = Selvaraj
| first = A.
| title = 2 stolen sand boas found in snake park
| newspaper = The Times of India
| location = Chennai
| publisher = The Times Group
| date = 21 July 2009
| url = http://findarticles.com/p/news-articles/times-of-india-the/mi_8012/is_20090721/2-stolen-sand-boas-snake/ai_n39598742/
| access-date = 8 Oct 2011}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Arignar Anna Zoological Park]]
* [[Birding in Chennai]]
* [[Guindy National Park]]
* [[List of zoos in India]]
* [[Madras Crocodile Bank Trust]]
* [[Marine Kingdom]]
* [[Parks in Chennai]]
* [[Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary]]

{{Portal bar|India|Animals|Environment}}

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|http://cspt.in/index.php}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20091128084509/http://www.cza.nic.in/index.html Official website of: "Central Zoo Authority of India" (CZA), Government of India]

{{Zoos of India}}

{{Chennai Topics}}

[[Category:Zoos in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Herpetology organizations]]
[[Category:Snakes]]
[[Category:Zoology organizations]]
[[Category:Environmental organizations established in 1972]]
[[Category:1972 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Chennai]]

Dhiraj Singh Thakur

2026-04-25T16:07:46Z

Smartkabadi:

{{short description|4th Chief Justice of Andhra Pradesh High Court}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}

{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Dhiraj Singh Thakur
| office = [[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Andhra Pradesh High Court|4th Chief Justice]] of [[Andhra Pradesh High Court]]
| term_start = 28 July 2023
| predecessor = {{ubl|[[Prashant Kumar Mishra|P. K. Mishra]]|A. V. Sesha Sai ''(acting)''}}
| successor = [[Lisa Gill]]
| term_end = 24 April 2026
| appointer = [[Droupadi Murmu]]
| nominator = [[D. Y. Chandrachud]]
| office1 = [[Judge]] of [[Bombay High Court]]
| term_start1 = 10 June 2022
| term_end1 = 27 July 2023
| appointer1 = [[Ram Nath Kovind]]
| nominator1 = [[N. V. Ramana]]
| office2 = [[Judge]] of [[High Court of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh|Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh High Court]]
| term_start2 = 8 March 2013
| term_end2 = 9 June 2022
| appointer2 = [[Pranab Mukherjee]]
| nominator2 = [[Altamas Kabir]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1964|4|25|df=y}}
| alma_mater = [[Jammu University]]
| honorific_prefix = Hon'ble Chief Justice (Retd.)
| education = [[LL. B.]]
| parents = [[Devi Das Thakur]]
| relations = [[Tirath Singh Thakur]] (Brother)
}}
'''Dhiraj Singh Thakur''' (born 25 April 1964) is a retired Indian judge, who had served as the 4th [[Chief Justice]] of [[Andhra Pradesh High Court]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=High Court of Andhra Pradesh |url=https://aphc.gov.in/formerjudges.php?type=former_cj |access-date=2026-04-24 |website=aphc.gov.in}}</ref> He is a former [[judge]] of [[Bombay High Court]] and [[High Court of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh|Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh High Court]].

== Early life ==
He was born on 25 April 1964 to late [[Devi Das Thakur]], jurist and politician who had served as [[Deputy Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir]], Judge of [[Jammu and Kashmir High Court]], [[Governor of Assam]] and [[Governor of Arunachal Pradesh|Arunachal Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Excelsior |first=Daily |date=2021-12-09 |title=Tribute to D D Thakur |url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/tribute-to-d-d-thakur/ |access-date=2025-07-04 |website=Daily Excelsior |language=en-US}}</ref> He also have elder brother [[T. S. Thakur]], who served as [[List of chief justices of India|43rd Chief Justice of India]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ridhi |date=2023-08-01 |title=Know Thy Judge {{!}} Justice Dhiraj Singh Thakur: 5th Chief Justice of Andhra Pradesh High Court |url=https://www.scconline.com/blog/post/2023/08/01/know-your-judge-andhra-pradesh-high-court-chief-justice-dhiraj-singh-thakur/ |access-date=2025-07-04 |website=SCC Times |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Career ==
He was enrolled as an advocate on 18 October 1989 with the [[Bar Council of Delhi]] and subsequently with the Bar Council of Jammu and Kashmir on 26 November 2010. He joined chambers of his brother [[T. S. Thakur|Thakur]] and was designated as Senior Advocate in the year 2011.<ref name=":0" />

He was elevated as [[Judge]] of [[High Court of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh|Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh High Court]] on 8 March 2013. He was transferred as [[Judge]] of [[Bombay High Court]] on 10 June 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bombay High Court - Home Page |url=https://bombayhighcourt.gov.in/bhc/judge-profile/eyJpdiI6Ijd1NlNPZDY1aS8xQkl1a3dkTE4rU0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSU9OQ3dCMXVkU0psbERjcnNKTlE4Zz09IiwibWFjIjoiM2MzNjRkMTNiZDJhNGEwOWRmYWQ2ZGIyYTk4NmU0Y2FmNGQ3OTdiMDUwMDE2ZTFkNzU3NjgwZjI1MTI1Nzc5OSIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-04-24 |website=bombayhighcourt.gov.in}}</ref>

In February 2023 Supreme Court collegium recommended his appointment as Chief Justice of [[Manipur High Court]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bench |first=Bar & |date=2023-02-09 |title=Supreme Court Collegium recommends appointment of Justice Dhiraj Singh Thakur as Chief Justice of Manipur High Court |url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/supreme-court-collegium-recommends-appointment-of-justice-dhiraj-singh-thakur-as-chief-justice-of-manipur-high-court |access-date=2025-07-04 |website=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=9 February 2023 |title=Supreme Court Collegium recommends appointment of Justice Dhiraj Singh Thakur as Chief Justice of Manipur High Court |work=Bar & Bench |url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/supreme-court-collegium-recommends-appointment-of-justice-dhiraj-singh-thakur-as-chief-justice-of-manipur-high-court |access-date=9 February 2023}}</ref> but later in July 2023 collegium recommended him to be appointed as Chief Justice of Andhra Pradesh High Court instead of Manipur High Court<ref>{{Cite web |last=Apoorva |date=2023-07-06 |title=Supreme Court collegium recommends new Chief Justices to 7 High Courts |url=https://www.scconline.com/blog/post/2023/07/06/supreme-court-collegium-recommends-new-chief-justices-to-7-high-courts-legal-news/ |access-date=2025-07-04 |website=SCC Times |language=en-US}}</ref>

He was appointed as [[Chief Justice]] of [[Andhra Pradesh High Court]] on 28 July 2023.<ref name="New Chief Justice for Andhra Pradesh High Court">{{cite news |last1=The Hindu |title=New Chief Justice for Andhra Pradesh High Court |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/new-chief-justice-for-andhra-pradesh-high-court/article67117335.ece |access-date=25 July 2023 |date=24 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725181959/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/new-chief-justice-for-andhra-pradesh-high-court/article67117335.ece |archive-date=25 July 2023 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-26 |title=Justice Thakur appointed Chief Justice of AP HC |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/justice-thakur-appointed-chief-justice-of-ap-hc/articleshow/102121722.cms |access-date=2025-07-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He retired as Andhra Pradesh High Court chief justice on 24 April 2026<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-04-24 |title=Chief Justice Dhiraj Singh Thakur retires from service |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/chief-justice-dhiraj-singh-thakur-retires-from-service/articleshow/130499711.cms |access-date=2026-04-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> on reaching mandatory age of retirement i.e. 62 years.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2026-04-09 |title=Grand farewell accorded to Andhra Pradesh High Court CJ Dhiraj Singh Thakur |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2026/Apr/25/grand-farewell-accorded-to-andhra-pradesh-high-court-cj-dhiraj-singh-thakur |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thakur, Dhiraj Singh}}
[[Category:21st-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Chief justices of the Andhra Pradesh High Court]]
[[Category:Judges of the Bombay High Court]]
[[Category:Judges of the Jammu and Kashmir High Court]]

Next Indian general election

2026-04-24T10:09:46Z

Smartkabadi: add details after review and corrected details for accuracy

{{Short description|Future election for 19th Lok Sabha}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = Next Indian General Election
| country = India
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = yes
| previous_election = 2024 Indian general election
| previous_year = 2024
| election_date = By April 2029
| outgoing_members = List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha
| elected_members =
| next_election =
| next_year =
| seats_for_election = All [[#Delimitation|TBD]] seats in the [[Lok Sabha]]
| majority_seats = [[#Delimitation|TBD]]
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=The official portrait of Shri Narendra Modi, the Prime Minister of the Republic of India.jpg|bSize=145|cWidth=115|cHeight=120|oLeft=17.5|oTop=0}}
| leader1 = [[Narendra Modi]]
| party1 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| last_election1 = 36.56%, 240 seats
| seats_before1 = 240
| seats_needed1 = [[#Delimitation|TBD]]
| seats1 =
| seat_change1 =
| popular_vote1 =
| percentage1 =
| swing1 =
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Rahul Gandhi.png|bSize=145|cWidth=108|cHeight=120|oLeft=20|oTop=0}}
| leader2 = [[Rahul Gandhi]]
| party2 = Indian National Congress
| last_election2 = 21.19%, 99 seats
| seats_before2 = 100
| seats_needed2 = [[#Delimitation|TBD]]
| seats2 =
| seat_change2 =
| popular_vote2 =
| percentage2 =
| swing2 =
| title = [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]]
| posttitle = Prime Minister after election
| before_election = [[Narendra Modi]]
| before_party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| opinion_polls = Opinion polling for the next Indian general election
| leader_since1 = 2013
| leaders_seat1 = [[Varanasi Lok Sabha constituency|Varanasi]]
| leader_since2 = 2024
| leaders_seat2 = [[Rae Bareli Lok Sabha constituency|Rae Bareli]]
| alliance1 = National Democratic Alliance
| alliance2 = Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance
}}

General elections are expected to be held in [[Elections in India|India]] by [[2029 elections in India|April 2029]] to elect [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha|543 members]] of the [[Lok Sabha]], the lower house of [[Parliament of India|Parliament]].

== Background ==
The tenure of the [[18th Lok Sabha]] is scheduled to end in June 2029.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Terms of the Houses |url=https://eci.gov.in/elections/term-of-houses/ |access-date=6 June 2024 |website=Election Commission of India |language=en-IN}}</ref> In the [[2024 Indian general election]], incumbent prime minister Narendra Modi ran for a third consecutive term. His [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) had enjoyed an [[absolute majority]]—a minimum of 272 seats—in the [[2014 Indian general election|2014]] and [[2019 Indian general election|2019 elections]]. The primary opposition was the [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance]] (INDIA), a coalition formed in 2023 by the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) and many regional parties. The BJP won 240 seats, with the NDA securing 293 of the house's 543 seats.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sinha |first=Shishir |date=5 June 2024 |title=NDA elects Modi as leader, President dissolves Lok Sabha |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/elections/nda-elects-modi-as-leader-president-dissolves-lok-sabha/article68255830.ece |access-date=5 June 2024 |website=BusinessLine |archive-date=5 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605153429/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/elections/nda-elects-modi-as-leader-president-dissolves-lok-sabha/article68255830.ece |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA coalition]] secured 234 seats, 99 of which were won by the Congress, garnering the party the official opposition status for the first time in 10 years.<ref>{{cite news |last=Aggarwal |first=Raghav |date=4 June 2024 |title=INDIA bloc's combined strength plays spoilsport for BJP in 2 biggest states |url=https://www.business-standard.com/elections/lok-sabha-election/india-bloc-s-combined-strength-plays-spoilsport-for-bjp-in-2-biggest-states-124060401570_1.html |access-date=5 June 2024 |work=Business Standard |archive-date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604151957/https://www.business-standard.com/elections/lok-sabha-election/india-bloc-s-combined-strength-plays-spoilsport-for-bjp-in-2-biggest-states-124060401570_1.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/india-election-results-narendra-modi-rcna154839 |title=India hands PM Modi a surprise setback, with his majority in doubt in the world's largest election|first1=Mithil |last1=Aggarwai |first2=Janis Mackey |last2=Frayer |publisher=NBC News |date=4 June 2024 |access-date=4 June 2024 |archive-date=4 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604151033/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/india-election-results-narendra-modi-rcna154839|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/world/india/india-election-2024-nanendra-modi-6179abad |title=India's Narendra Modi Struggles to Hold On to Majority, Early Election Results Show |first1=Krishna |last1=Poharel |first2=Tripti |last2=Lahiri |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=3 June 2024 |access-date=4 June 2024 |archive-date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604115138/https://www.wsj.com/world/india/india-election-2024-nanendra-modi-6179abad |url-status=live}}</ref> Seven independents and ten candidates from non-aligned parties also won seats in the Lok Sabha.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/7-independents-and-10-from-non-aligned-parties-book-ls-seats/articleshow/110748555.cms|title=7 Independents and 10 from non-aligned parties book LS seats|newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=8 June 2024|archive-date=6 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240606160440/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/7-independents-and-10-from-non-aligned-parties-book-ls-seats/articleshow/110748555.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/lok-sabha-elections-meet-seven-candidates-who-won-as-independents-101717642425035.html|title=Lok Sabha elections: Meet seven candidates who won as independents|access-date=9 June 2024|archive-date=8 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240608035949/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/lok-sabha-elections-meet-seven-candidates-who-won-as-independents-101717642425035.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-politics/who-are-the-7-independents-elected-to-the-lok-sabha-9378312/|title=Who are the 7 independents elected to the Lok Sabha?|date=7 June 2024 |access-date=8 June 2024|archive-date=8 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240608054640/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-politics/who-are-the-7-independents-elected-to-the-lok-sabha-9378312/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Current composition of the Lok Sabha ===
This table relates to the composition of the Lok Sabha after the [[2024 Indian general election]] and summarises the changes in party affiliation that took place during the 2024–present Lok Sabha.

{{transcluded section|source=List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha}}
{{#Section-h:List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha|Membership by party}}

=== Delimitation ===
The next [[Lok Sabha]] [[Electoral boundary delimitation|delimitation]] in India is due after the first census following the year 2026. According to the 84th Amendment to the Constitution of India, the current freeze on the delimitation of constituencies is set to continue until the results of the first census taken after the year 2026 are published.<ref>{{Cite news |last=R |first=Rangarajan |date=2024-02-06 |title=Understanding the delimitation exercise {{!}} Explained |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/understanding-the-delimitation-exercise-explained/article67819203.ece |access-date=2024-06-08 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> A Special Session of Parliament will be convened from the 16th of April to 18th of April 2026, to debate on this matter. The 131st Constitutional Amendment Bill, 2026 was brought by the Government to increase the Total seats of the Lok Sabha to an upper limit of 850 seats and to make changes in the Article 334A relating to Women's Reservation, for implementation in 2029. The Delimitation bill was withdrawn by the Government in the Lok Sabha, after the 131st Constitutional Amendment Bill, 2026 failed in the Lok Sabha on 17th April 2026, with 298 votes in favour and 230 votes against it <ref name=":0">https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/womens-reservation-bill-falls-short-in-lok-sabha-what-happened-14001707.html/amp</ref>

=== Women's reservation ===
The introduction of women's reservation in the [[Lok Sabha]] is set to occur after the delimitation exercise based on the census following the year 2026. According to the [[One Hundred and Sixth Amendment of the Constitution of India|106th Amendment Act]], 33% of the total seats will be directly allocated to women in the Lok Sabha and [[State legislative assemblies of India|state legislative assemblies]].<ref>{{cite news |date=19 September 2023 |title='God has given me the opportunity', says PM Modi as women quota bill tabled in LS |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/womens-reservation-bill-to-be-tabled-in-lok-sabha-at-3-pm-today-101695109480855.html |work=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>. An Amendment to the Act was brought to the Parliament in the Special Session from 16-18th April, 2026, which had the Women's Reservation delinked from the [[#Delimitation|Delimitation exercise]] after a census following the lapse of the freeze on allocation of seats in 2026, in order for it to be implemented in 2029 Elections. Being a Constitutional Amendment, the Bill needed Two-thirds majority in both houses, and on 17th April 2026, it failed to pass the Lok Sabha, with 298 votes in favour and 230 votes against the Amendment Bill.<ref name=":0" />

===Schedule===

[[Chief Election Commissioner of India|Chief Election Commissioner]] [[Rajiv Kumar (civil servant)|Rajiv Kumar]] has indicated that the 2029 elections would be over by the end of April to prevent heat from affecting voter turnout. Until 2004, the general elections were conducted between the cooler months of December and March.<ref>{{Cite news |last=De|first=Abhishek|date=2024-06-03|title='Next Lok Sabha polls to be over by end of April': 5 big quotes by election body|url=https://www.google.com/s/www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha/story/election-commission-press-conference-lok-sabha-polls-april-record-turnout-2547413-2024-06-03|access-date=2024-07-11 |work=India Today|language=en-IN}}</ref>

== Schedule ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Poll event
!Date
|-
|Notification
|
|-
|Deadline for filing nomination
|
|-
|Scrutiny of nominations
|
|-
|Deadline for withdrawal of nomination
|
|-
|Polling
|
|-
|Counting of votes
|
|}

==Electoral system==
[[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MPs]] are elected from single-member constituencies using [[first-past-the-post voting]]. Eligible voters must be Indian citizens, 18 years or older, an ordinary resident of the polling area of the constituency and registered to vote (name included in the electoral rolls), possess a valid [[Voter ID (India)|voter identification card]] issued by the [[Election Commission of India]] or equivalent. Some people convicted of electoral or other offences are barred from voting. Article 83 of the [[Constitution of India]] requires elections to the Lok Sabha be held once every five years.

==Surveys and polls==
{{main|Opinion polling for the next Indian general election}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian elections}}

[[Category:Future elections in Asia|India]]
[[Category:Future elections in India|General]]
[[Category:General elections in India]]

Nanded South Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:31:43Z

Smartkabadi: Creating a entry nd citations...

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Nanded South Assembly नांदेड दक्षिण विधानसभा मतदारसंघ
| type = SLA
| map_image = 87-Nanded South.svg
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| district = [[Nanded]]
| division = [[Aurangabad division|Aurangabad]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Nanded Lok Sabha constituency|Nanded Lok Sabha]]
| constituency_no = 87
| established = 2008
| reservation = None 
| abolished =
| mla = [[Anand Tidke]]
| party = {{Party index link|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
| incumbent_image =
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = 2024
| electors = 317,052
}}
'''Nanded South Assembly constituency''' is one of the 288 [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) [[List of constituencies of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|constituencies]] of [[Maharashtra]] state, western India. This constituency is located in [[Nanded district]].

==Geographical Scope==
The delimitation of the constituency happened in 2008. It comprises parts of [[Loha taluka]], the revenue circle of [[Sonkhed]], parts of [[Nanded taluka]], the revenue circle of Tuppa, Vishnupuri and the following wards of [[Nanded-Waghala Municipal Corporation]]: 10 to 27, 40 to 49, 59 to 65.<ref name="ECI-20081126">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=2008-11-26|publisher=Election Commission of India|pages=259|accessdate=13 June 2015}}</ref>

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nanded South Vidhan Sabha Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/maharashtra/assembly-constituencies/nanded-south.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
|Raghwan Rao
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|[[Vithalrao Devidasrao Deshpande|Vithalrao Deshpande]]
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| rowspan="3" | Farook Pasha Makhdum Pasha
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
| [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
| [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| Noorallah Khan Bismillah Khan
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Kamalkishor Kadam]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (U)|dab=yes}}
|-
| [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian Congress (Socialist)|dab=yes}}
|-
| [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| D. R. Deshmukh
| {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
| rowspan="2" | Prakash Khedkar
|-
| [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|-
| [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
| Anusayatai Khedkar
|-
| colspan="4" |{{Center|''Before 2008 : See [[Nanded Assembly constituency|Nanded]]''}}
|-
|[[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
|Omprakash Pokarna
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
|[[Hemant Patil]]
|{{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena}}
|-
|[[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|[[Mohanrao Marotrao Hambarde|Mohanrao Hambarde]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|[[Anand Tidke]]
|{{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|}

==Election results==
===Assembly Election 2024===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nanded South<ref name="Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Nanded South">{{cite news |title=Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Nanded South |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S1387.htm |accessdate=16 December 2024 |work=results.eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=23 November 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241216084138/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S1387.htm |archivedate=16 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Anand Tidke]] |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 60,445 |percentage = 29.68% |change={{increase}}9.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Mohanrao Marotrao Hambarde]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 58,313 |percentage = 28.63% |change={{increase}}2.84 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Farooque Ahmed |party=Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 33,841 |percentage = 16.61% |change={{increase}}1.94 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dilip Venkatrao Kandakurte |party=Independent politician |votes = 17,170 |percentage = 8.43% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Syed Moin Syed Mukhtar |party=All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen |votes = 15,396 |percentage = 7.56% |change={{decrease}}3.50 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sanjay Shivajirao Ghogare |party=Independent politician |votes = 14,282 |percentage = 7.01% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 552 |percentage = 0.27% |change={{decrease}}0.16 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,132 |percentage = 1.05% |change= {{decrease}}0.93 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 204,241 |percentage = 64.42% |change= {{increase}}0.40 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 203,689}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 317,052|ref = |change= {{increase}}11.20 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}3.89 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2019===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nanded South<ref name="election2019">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Mohanrao Marotrao Hambarde]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 46,943 |percentage = 25.79% |change={{increase}}7.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dilip Venkatrao Kandkurte |party=Independent politician |votes = 43,351 |percentage = 23.82% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Rajshri Hemant Patil |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 37,066 |percentage = 20.36% |change={{decrease}}6.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Farukh Ahemad Iqbal Ahemad |party=Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 26,713 |percentage = 14.68% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mohammad Saber Chaus |party=All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen |votes = 20,122 |percentage = 11.05% |change={{decrease}}8.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 788 |percentage = 0.43% |change={{increase}}0.15 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,592 |percentage = 1.97% |change= {{increase}}0.13 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 182,846 |percentage = 64.13% |change= {{increase}}6.12 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 182,028}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 285,122|ref = |change= {{decrease}}5.28 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Shiv Sena |swing= {{decrease}}0.59 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2014===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nanded South<ref name="election2014">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2014/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Hemant Patil]] |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 45,836 |percentage = 26.38% |change={{decrease}}12.67 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dilip Venkatrao Kandkurte |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 42,629 |percentage = 24.54% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Syed Moin Mukhtar |party=All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen |votes = 34,590 |percentage = 19.91% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Omprakash Ganeshlal Pokarna |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 31,762 |percentage = 18.28% |change={{decrease}}33.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Anwar Javeed Mohammad Kausar |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 4,431 |percentage = 2.55% |change={{decrease}}4.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Prakash Ramrao Marawar |party=Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 1,812 |percentage = 1.04% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sham Baburao Nilangekar |party=Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 1,776 |percentage = 1.02% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 495 |percentage = 0.28% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,207 |percentage = 1.85% |change= {{decrease}}10.80 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 174,379 |percentage = 57.93% |change= {{increase}}5.02 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 173,734}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 301,001|ref = |change= {{increase}}14.91 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}25.32 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2009===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nanded South<ref>{{cite web|publisher= Chief Eletoral Officer, [[Maharashtra]]|title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009 |url=https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-url= http://web.archive.org/web/20240708005931/https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Omprakash Ganeshlal Pokarna |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 71,367 |percentage = 51.70% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Hemant Patil]] |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 53,904 |percentage = 39.05% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Yemul Ishwar Lacchiram |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 9,354 |percentage = 6.78% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Balaji Sheshrao Shelke |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,058 |percentage = 0.77% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vijay Chandrao Hanmante (Painter) |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,026 |percentage = 0.74% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 17,463 |percentage = 12.65% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 138,054 |percentage = 52.70% |change= }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 138,042}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 261,948|ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{coords|19.116|77.320|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Politics of Nanded district]]
[[Category:Nanded]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Bareilly Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:23:55Z

Smartkabadi: put up - done

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bareilly
| constituency_no = 125
| map_image = 125-Bareilly Cantonment.svg
| mla = [[Arun Kumar Saxena]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| preceded_by = [[Rajesh Agarwal]]
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Bareilly district|Bareilly]]
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:416136}} (2017)
| type = SLA
}}
'''Bareilly Assembly constituency''' ({{IPA|hi|bəɾeːliː}}) is one of the 403 constituencies of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]], [[India]]. It is a part of the [[Bareilly district|Bareilly]] district and one of the five assembly constituencies in the [[Bareilly Lok Sabha constituency]]. First election in this assembly constituency was held in 2012 after the "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008" was passed and the constituency was formed in 2008. The constituency is assigned identification number 124.<ref name="Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008">{{cite news|title= Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008|publisher= [[Chief Electoral Officer, Uttar Pradesh]]|access-date= 1 December 2015|url= http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111113181505/http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-date= 13 November 2011|url-status= dead|df= dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008">{{cite news|title= Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] official website|access-date=1 December 2015|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/}}</ref><ref name="All MLAs from Assembly constituency">{{cite news|title=All MLAs from Assembly constituency|publisher=Elections.in|access-date=1 December 2015|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/bareilly.html}}</ref><ref name="Member list">{{cite news|title=Member list|publisher=[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] website|access-date=1 December 2015|url=http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/ENGLISH/member-list.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630050217/http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/ENGLISH/member-list.htm|archive-date=30 June 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
And Baheri town is the largest Tahseel of zila Bareilly, settled with Muslim Majority. Meena Bazar is a famous place in Baheri and known around the other places as a great hub for Ladies' shopping. [[Voter-verified paper audit trail|VVPAT]] facility with EVMs will be here in the 2017 U.P assembly polls.<ref name="election2016">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bareilly/Machines-to-rule-out-fraud-confusion-at-upcoming-UP-polls/articleshow/55946986.cms|title=Machines to rule out fraud, confusion at upcoming UP polls|newspaper=The Times of India |date=13 December 2016 }}</ref>

==Wards / Areas==
Extent of Bareilly Assembly constituency is Ward Nos. 3, 4, 7, 12 to 15, 18, 19, 22, 23, 24, 26, 28 to 32, 36, 376, 39, 41, 461, 55, 56 in Bareilly (M Corp.) & Northern Railway Colony (OG) – Ward No. 61 of Bareilly Tehsil.

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bareilly Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/bareilly-uttar-pradesh-assembly-constituency |access-date= |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1952 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
|[[Govind Ballabh Pant]]
| rowspan="4" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="4" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1957 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| rowspan="3" |Jagdish Saran Agarwal
|-
|[[1962 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
|[[1967 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
|[[1969 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|Ram Singh Khanna
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Kranti Dal}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Kranti Dal]]
|-
|[[1974 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
| rowspan="2" |Satya Prakash
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]
|-
|[[1977 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1980 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|Ram Singh Khanna
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[1985 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Dinesh Johri]]
| rowspan="10" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="10" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1989 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
|-
|[[1991 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|-
|[[1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Rajesh Agarwal]]
|-
|[[1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|-
|[[2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
|-
|[[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|-
|[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Arun Kumar Saxena]]
|-
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|-
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|}

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Bareilly<ref name="election2022">{{Cite web |date=2022-05-25 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2022|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/|website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Arun Kumar Saxena]]
|votes = {{formatnum:129014}}
|percentage = 53.77
|change = +2.4
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Rajesh Kumar Agarwal
|votes = {{formatnum:96694}}
|percentage = 40.3
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Brahmanand Sharma
|votes = {{formatnum:6982}}
|percentage = 2.91
|change = -3.6
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Krishna Kant Sharma
|votes = {{formatnum:2311}}
|percentage = 0.96
|change = -37.62
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1178}}
|percentage = 0.49
|change = -0.15
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:32320}}
|percentage = 13.47
|change = +0.68
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:239946}}
|percentage = 52.43
|change = -1.49
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|U. P. Legislative Assembly Election, 2017]]: [[Bareilly]]<ref name="election2017">{{cite web |date=2018-08-16 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2017|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Arun Kumar Saxena]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:115270}}
|percentage = 51.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Prem Prakash Agarwal
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:86559}}
|percentage = 38.58
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Er. Anees Ahamad Khan
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:14596}}
|percentage = 6.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1427}}
|percentage = 0.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:28711}}
|percentage = 12.79
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:224378}}
|percentage = 53.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Uttar Pradesh state assembly election|U. P. Legislative Assembly Election, 2012]]: [[Bareilly]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Arun Kumar Saxena]]
|votes = 68,983
|percentage = 37.19
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Dr. Anil Sharma
|votes = 41,921
|percentage = 22.60
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Ittehad-e-Millat Council
|candidate = Sher Ali Jafri
|votes = 31,113
|percentage = 16.77
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Dr. Anees Beg
|votes = 21,753
|percentage = 11.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Mujahid Hasan Khan
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 8,016
|percentage = 4.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Yusuf Khan
|party = Peace Party of India
|votes = 3,999
|percentage = 2.16
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|
|votes = 27,062
|percentage = 14.59
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:185484}}
|percentage = 54.31
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2007 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|U. P. Legislative Assembly Election, 2007]]: [[Bareilly]] City}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = [[Rajesh Agarwal]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 26,893
|percentage = 31.52
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Dr. Anil Sharma
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 16,464
|percentage = 19.30
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = [[Arun Kumar (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Dr. Arun Kumar]]
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = 16,222
|percentage = 19.01
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|
|candidate = Dr. I. S. Tomer
|party = [[Independent (politician)|IND.]]
|votes = 15,895
|percentage = 18.63
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Sunil Mehta
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 4,326
|percentage = 5.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|
|candidate = Mohammad Saeed
|party = [[Independent (politician)|IND.]]
|votes = 3,102
|percentage = 3.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|
|votes = 10,429
|percentage = 12.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|
|votes = 85,317
|percentage = 31.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[Aonla Lok Sabha constituency]]
*[[Bareilly district]]
*[[Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Vidhan Bhawan]]
{{Portal bar|India|Politics}}

== References ==

{{Reflist|colwidth=40em}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh|state=collapsed}}
{{Uttar Pradesh elections|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Bareilly]]
[[Category:Politics of Bareilly district]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Khairagarh Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:20:47Z

Smartkabadi: new new data w/ infobox

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Chhattisgarh State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Khairagarh
| mla = [[Yashoda Verma]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| state = [[Chhattisgarh]]
| district = [[Rajnandgaon district|Rajnandgaon]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Rajnandgaon (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajnandgaon]]
| established = 2003
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:219825}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/chhattisgarh-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |title=State Election, 2023 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate=25 January 2023 |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{update after|2029|1}}
| type = SLA
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = [[Devwrat Singh]]
| constituency_no = 73
| map_image = Khairagarh Assembly constituency map.svg
}}

'''Khairagarh''' is one of the 90 [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Chhattisgarh]] state in [[India]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008 |website=Election Commission of India |date=26 November 2008 |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref><ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=https://ceochhattisgarh.nic.in/en/new-maps-assembly-constituency |title=New Maps of Assembly Constituency |website=ceochhattisgarh.nic.in| access-date=1 September 2021}}</ref> It is in [[Rajnandgaon district|Rajnandgaon]] district.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chhattisgarh 2013|url=http://www.myneta.info/chhattisgarh2013/|website=myneta.info|publisher=National Election Watch|accessdate=25 July 2018}}</ref>

==Members of Legislative Assembly==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Name
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
! colspan=4|[[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[1952 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
|Raja Bahadur Birendra Bahadur Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}
|-
|[[1957 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|[[Rituparna Kishore Das|Rituparna Kishoredas]]
|-
|[[1962 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Gyanendra Singh
|-
|[[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|V. B. Singh
|-
|[[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|Vijayalal Oswal
|-
|[[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Manik Gupta
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| rowspan="4" |Rashmi Devi Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)}}
|-
|[[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|-
|[[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|-
|[[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|[[Devwrat Singh]]
|-
! colspan=4|[[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[2003 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|[[Devwrat Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2008 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|Komal Janghel
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2013 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|Girwar Janghel
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<ref name=election2018/><ref>{{Cite news |title=Constituency: Khairagarh (73)|website=Empowering India Org }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Khairagarh (Chhattisgarh) Assembly Constituency Elections |url=http://www.elections.in/chhattisgarh/assembly-constituencies/Khairagarh.html |website=Elections IN |accessdate=25 July 2018}}</ref>
|[[Devwrat Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janta Congress Chhattisgarh}}
|-
|2022^
|rowspan="2" | [[Yashoda Verma]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|}
^by-election

== Election results ==

===2023===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]]: Khairagarh<ref name="BJP Candidates CG 2023">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bjp-has-released-first-list-of-21-candidates-for-chhattisgarh-assembly-elections-/articleshow/102802832.cms?from=mdr|title=BJP releases first list of 21 candidates for Chhattisgarh|work=The Times of India|accessdate=17 August 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Yashoda Nilamber Verma
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 89,704
|percentage = 49.26
|change = -3.71
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Vikrant Singh
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 84,070
|percentage = 46.16
|change = +5.35
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 2,312
|percentage = 1.27
|change = -0.31
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 5,634
|percentage = 3.10
|change = -9.06
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 182,109
|percentage = 82.84
|change = +4.43
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2022 by-election ===
A by-election was needed due to the death of the sitting MLA, [[Devwrat Singh]] on 4 November 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Chhattisgarh MLA Devvrat Singh dies of cardiac arrest at 52|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/chhattisgarh-jcc-j-mla-devvrat-singh-cardiac-arrest-1873120-2021-11-04|access-date=4 November 2021|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>
{{Election box begin | title= 2022 By-Election: Khairagarh<ref>{{cite web |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/chhattisgarh-congress-wins-khairagarh-assembly-by-election-cm-bhupesh-baghel-congratulates-newly-elected-mla-2454528.html |title=Chhattisgarh: Congress wins Khairagarh Assembly by-election, CM Bhupesh Baghel congratulates newly elected MLA |date=16 April 2022 |author=Manish Kumar |access-date= 10 June 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = Yashoda Nilamber Verma
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 87,879
|percentage = 52.97
|change = +34.31
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Komal Janghel
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 67,703
|percentage = 40.81
|change = +5.24
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|candidate = Viplav Sahu (Churan)
|party = Forward Democratic Labour Party
|votes = 2,412
|percentage = 1.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 2,616
|percentage = 1.58
|change = -0.22
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 20,176
|percentage = 12.16
|change = +11.65
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,65,919
|percentage = 78.41
|change = -6.10
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Janta Congress Chhattisgarh
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]]: Khairagarh<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9643-statistical-data-of-general-election-to-chhatisgarh-assembly/ |title=State Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate= 1 September 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Devwrat Singh]]
|party = Janta Congress Chhattisgarh
|votes = 61,516
|percentage = 36.08
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Komal Janghel
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 60,646
|percentage = 35.57
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Girwar Janghel
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 31,811
|percentage = 18.66
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Sarju Janghel
|party = Independent politician
|votes = 4,060
|percentage = 2.38
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Dinesh Singh
|party = Shiv Sena
|votes = 1,775
|percentage = 1.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 3,068
|percentage = 1.80
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 870
|percentage = 0.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,70,621
|percentage = 84.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Janta Congress Chhattisgarh
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[List of constituencies of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Rajnandgaon district]]
* [[Rajnandgaon]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh}}

[[Category:Rajnandgaon district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Politics of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:2003 establishments in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2003]]
{{coord|21.42|80.98|display=title}}

Arvind Mohapatra

2026-04-18T22:34:15Z

Smartkabadi: stub - done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Arvind Mohapatra
| birth_name =
| caption =
| image =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Member of Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Patkura Assembly constituency|Patkura]]
| term_start = 4 June 2024
| predecessor = [[Sabitri Agarwalla]]
| constituency1 =
| term1 =
| term_end1 =
| successor1 =
| office2 =
| constituency2 =
| term_start2 =
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| party = [[Biju Janata Dal]]
| other_party =
| website =
| alma_mater =
| profession = Politician
| date =
| year =
| source =
}}

'''Arvind Mohapatra''' is an Indian politician. He was elected to the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]] from [[Patkura Assembly constituency|Patkura]] as a member of the [[Biju Janata Dal]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Arvind Mohapatra Election Affidavit |url=https://www.myneta.info/Odisha2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=1157 |website=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=23 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Patkura Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights: Arvind Mohapatra of BJD Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/patkura-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-assembly-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8916804.html |website=News18 |publisher=Election Results Hub |access-date=23 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Arvind Mohapatra, BJD Election Results LIVE |url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/odisha/vidhan-sabha-election-candidates-list-2024/arvind-mohapatra-18096-6 |website=NDTV |access-date=23 September 2024}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mohapatra, Arvind}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Biju Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Odisha-BJD-politician-stub}}

Shivadi Assembly constituency

2026-04-17T00:47:38Z

Smartkabadi: Started Basic Stub V1 - done

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Shivadi
| constituency_no = 183
| type = SLA
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| map_image = 183-Shivadi.svg
| loksabha_cons = [[Mumbai South Lok Sabha constituency|Mumbai South]]
| district = [[Mumbai City district|Mumbai City]]
| established = 1978
| reservation = None
| mla = [[Ajay Choudhari]]
| party = {{Party index link|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}
| electors = 275,482
}}
'''[[Sewri|Shivadi]] Assembly constituency''' is one of the 288 [[Vidhan Sabha]] (Assembly) constituencies of [[Maharashtra]] state in [[Western India]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>

==Demographics==
Shivadi (constituency number 183) is one of the 10 Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in the [[Mumbai City district]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|page=267}}</ref> Number of electorates in 2009 was 268,072 (male 151,641, female 116,431) 42,182 are from minority community.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://220.225.73.214/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website|accessdate=11 November 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409033702/http://220.225.73.214/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archivedate=9 April 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

It is a part of [[Mumbai South Lok Sabha constituency]] along with five other assembly constituencies, viz [[Worli Assembly constituency|Worli]], [[Byculla Assembly constituency|Byculla]], [[Malabar Hill Assembly constituency|Malabar Hill]], [[Mumbadevi Assembly constituency|Mumbadevi]] and [[Colaba Assembly constituency|Colaba]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| colspan="4"|{{center|''1951-1978: Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
| [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| Devidas Kamble
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| [[Bhaurao Patil]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)}}
|-
| [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| Dadu Atyalkar
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Datta Rane]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|-
| [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Sachin Ahir]]
| {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|-
| colspan=4 align=center|''Major boundary changes''<ref>The constituencies of Lalbaug and Parel were merged into this constituency.</ref>
|-
| [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| [[Bala Nandgaonkar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|-
| [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Ajay Choudhari]]
| {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|-
| [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}" |
|[[Shiv Sena (UBT)]]
|-
|}

==Election results==
===Assembly Election 2024===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Shivadi<ref name="Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Shivadi">{{cite news |title=Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Shivadi |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S13183.htm |access-date=30 December 2024 |date=23 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241230154723/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S13183.htm |archive-date=30 December 2024}}</ref><ref name="Shivadi Constituency Election Results 2024">{{cite news |title=Shivadi Constituency Election Results 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/maharashtra/constituency-show/shivadi |access-date=30 December 2024 |publisher=The Times of India |date=23 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241230154731/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/maharashtra/constituency-show/shivadi |archive-date=30 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Ajay Choudhari|Ajay Vinayak Choudhari]] |party=Shiv Sena (UBT) |votes = 74,890 |percentage = 49.52% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Bala Nandgaonkar]] |party=Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 67,750 |percentage = 44.80% |change={{increase}}15.60 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sanjay Nana Gajanan Ambole |party=Independent politician |votes = 5,925 |percentage = 3.92% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 2,460 |percentage = 1.63% |change={{decrease}}1.65 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Milind Deorao Kamble |party=Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 1,021 |percentage = 0.68% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,140 |percentage = 4.72% |change= {{decrease}}25.23 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 153,703 |percentage = 55.79% |change= {{increase}}7.13 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 151,243}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 275,482|ref = |change= }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Shiv Sena (UBT) |loser = Shiv Sena |swing= {{decrease}}9.63 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2019===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Shivadi<ref name="election2019">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Ajay Choudhari|Ajay Vinayak Choudhari]] |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 77,687 |percentage = 59.14% |change={{increase}}9.26 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Santosh Raghunath Nalawade |party=Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 38,350 |percentage = 29.20% |change={{increase}}8.16 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Uday Vitthal Phansekar |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 13,368 |percentage = 10.18% |change={{increase}}1.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 4,308 |percentage = 3.28% |change={{increase}}2.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Madan Harishchandra Khale |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,948 |percentage = 1.48% |change={{increase}}0.86 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 39,337 |percentage = 29.95% |change= {{increase}}1.10 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 135,727 |percentage = |change= {{decrease}}5.35 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 131,353}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 274,989|ref = |change= }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Shiv Sena |swing= {{increase}}9.26 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2014===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Shivadi<ref name="election2014">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2014/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Ajay Choudhari|Ajay Vinayak Choudhari]] |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 72,462 |percentage = 49.88% |change={{increase}}8.76 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Bala Nandgaonkar]] |party=Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 30,553 |percentage = 21.03% |change={{decrease}}24.68 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shalaka Salvi |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 21,921 |percentage = 15.09% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jamsutkar Manoj Pandurang |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 12,732 |percentage = 8.77% |change={{decrease}}2.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Nandakumar Katkar |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 5,269 |percentage = 3.63% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 1,816 |percentage = 1.25% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jadhav Vijay Sadashiv |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 903 |percentage = 0.62% |change={{increase}}0.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chandrakant B. Desai |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 882 |percentage = 0.61% |change={{decrease}}0.49 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 41,909 |percentage = 28.85% |change= {{increase}}24.26 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 147,076 |percentage = |change= {{increase}}0.57 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 145,259}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 273,495|ref = |change= }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |swing= {{increase}}4.17 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2009===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Shivadi<ref>{{cite web|publisher= Chief Eletoral Officer, [[Maharashtra]]|title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009 |url=https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-url= http://web.archive.org/web/20240708005931/https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Bala Nandgaonkar]] |party=Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 64,375 |percentage = 45.71% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dagdu (Dada) Sakpal |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 57,912 |percentage = 41.12% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Smita Choudhari (Dhruva) |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 15,431 |percentage = 10.96% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ghagare Narayan Sakharam |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 1,552 |percentage = 1.10% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,463 |percentage = 4.59% |change= {{decrease}}16.47 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 140,825 |percentage = 52.54% |change= {{decrease}}1.16 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 140,825}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 268,013|ref = |change= {{increase}}82.70 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |loser = Nationalist Congress Party |swing= {{decrease}}9.90 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2004===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Shivadi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Sachin Ahir| Sachin Mohan Ahir]] |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 43,816 |percentage = 55.61% |change={{increase}}12.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sunil Rane |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 27,225 |percentage = 34.55% |change={{decrease}}1.61 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Timma Timmappa Gollar |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 5,997 |percentage = 7.61% |change={{increase}}2.96 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Rizwan Ur Rehman Gulam Hussain Qadri |party=Samajwadi Party |votes = 1,176 |percentage = 1.49% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ganesh Madhav Kate |party=Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 575 |percentage = 0.73% |change={{decrease}}11.25 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 16,591 |percentage = 21.06% |change= {{increase}}13.82 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 78,792 |percentage = 53.71% |change= {{increase}}5.55 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 78,789}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 146,698|ref = |change= {{decrease}}4.26 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |loser = Nationalist Congress Party |swing= {{increase}}12.21 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1999===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Shivadi<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Sachin Ahir| Sachin Mohan Ahir]] |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 32,023 |percentage = 43.40% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Datta Rane]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 26,685 |percentage = 36.16% |change={{decrease}}2.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Madhu Mohite |party=Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 8,840 |percentage = 11.98% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kamble Rajanish Shivaji |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 3,433 |percentage = 4.65% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pralhad Tukaram Kharat |party=Janata Dal (United) |votes = 1,282 |percentage = 1.74% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Aslam Hanif Khot |party=National Minorities Party |votes = 904 |percentage = 1.23% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=C. K. Shirsat (A) Nanasaheb Chaskar |party=Independent politician |votes = 624 |percentage = 0.85% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,338 |percentage = 7.23% |change= {{decrease}}10.95 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 73,803 |percentage = 48.16% |change= {{decrease}}13.29 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 73,791}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 153,232|ref = |change= {{increase}}4.39 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}4.25 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1995===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Shivadi<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Rane Dattatraya Mahadeo |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 35,305 |percentage = 39.14% |change={{increase}}0.89 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gaikwad Sumant Sitaram |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 18,900 |percentage = 20.95% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dr. Datta Samant |party=Independent politician |votes = 18,695 |percentage = 20.73% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ahir Sachin Mohan |party=Independent politician |votes = 7,530 |percentage = 8.35% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jain Narendra Mohanlal |party=Janata Dal |votes = 2,781 |percentage = 3.08% |change={{decrease}}25.13 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dr. Gawai Rajendra Ramkrishna |party=Republican Party of India |votes = 2,654 |percentage = 2.94% |change={{decrease}}25.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bateshwarnath Ramavadhesh Mishra |party=Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh |votes = 1,122 |percentage = 1.24% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 16,405 |percentage = 18.19% |change= {{increase}}8.15 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 91,604 |percentage = 62.40% |change= {{increase}}9.80 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 90,194}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 146,791|ref = |change= {{decrease}}7.76 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}0.89 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1990===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Shivadi<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Datta Rane]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 31,442 |percentage = 38.26% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dadu Santu Atyalkar |party=Janata Dal |votes = 23,192 |percentage = 28.22% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sumant Sitaram Gaikwad |party=Republican Party of India |votes = 23,040 |percentage = 28.03% |change={{increase}}24.95 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shaikh Mohammed Hanif Chandmiya |party=All India Dalit Muslim Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh |votes = 2,478 |percentage = 3.01% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Radheshyam Ramsunder Patel |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 728 |percentage = 0.89% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Uddhav Mahadev Bansode |party=Independent politician |votes = 685 |percentage = 0.83% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,250 |percentage = 10.04% |change= {{increase}}8.52 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 83,344 |percentage = 52.37% |change= {{decrease}}2.26 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 82,190}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 159,133|ref = |change= {{increase}}17.84 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}7.24 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1985===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Shivadi<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Dadu Santu Atyalkar |party=Independent politician |votes = 22,578 |percentage = 31.02% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Deshpande Sudhakar Hanumanrao |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 21,473 |percentage = 29.50% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Datta Nalavade |party=Independent politician |votes = 13,118 |percentage = 18.02% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=C. R. Pinto |party=Janata Party |votes = 7,771 |percentage = 10.68% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Hindurao S. Varale |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,864 |percentage = 3.93% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=R. G. Kharat |party=Republican Party of India |votes = 2,241 |percentage = 3.08% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vishram Shivram Kadam |party=Independent politician |votes = 734 |percentage = 1.01% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,105 |percentage = 1.52% |change= {{decrease}}28.73 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 73,661 |percentage = 54.55% |change= {{increase}}14.15 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 72,793}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 135,039|ref = |change= {{increase}}4.59 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing= {{decrease}}33.03 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1980===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Shivadi<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Bhaurao Patil]] |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 32,874 |percentage = 64.05% |change={{increase}}47.70 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kamble Devidas Pundlik |party=Independent politician |votes = 17,349 |percentage = 33.80% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Salvi R. R. |party=Independent politician |votes = 754 |percentage = 1.47% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ragedadhavrao H. R. |party=Independent politician |votes = 351 |percentage = 0.68% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 15,525 |percentage = 30.25% |change= {{increase}}13.48 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 51,919 |percentage = 40.21% |change= {{decrease}}25.37 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 51,328}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 129,114|ref = |change= {{increase}}7.84 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}27.36 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Shivadi<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Kamble Devidas Pundlik |party=Independent politician |votes = 28,606 |percentage = 36.69% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Datta Nalavade |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 15,532 |percentage = 19.92% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Patel Punamchand Tabhaji |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 12,746 |percentage = 16.35% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Phalke Manohar Jyotiba |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 9,068 |percentage = 11.63% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Purushottam (Uttam) Bansi Bhagwat |party=Independent politician |votes = 7,526 |percentage = 9.65% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Narayan Anadrao Alias Bhagwan Thorat |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 3,833 |percentage = 4.92% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dashrath Sakharam Mane |party=Independent politician |votes = 477 |percentage = 0.61% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,074 |percentage = 16.77% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 79,330 |percentage = 66.26% |change= }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 77,974}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 119,729|ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Independent politician |loser = |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{coord|20|07|12.28|N|74|07|24.42|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Mumbai]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Politics of Mumbai]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1978]]
[[Category:1978 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Panchpir Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T11:01:20Z

Smartkabadi: Created First Pg Added Tags - done

{{Short description|Former constituency of the Odisha Legislative Assembly, in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name = Panchpir
|state = [[Odisha]]
|district = [[Mayurbhanj district|Mayurbhanj]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Jajpur-Keonjhar Lok Sabha constituency|Jajpur Keonjhar]]<ref name=dpaco1951pc/>
|constituency_no =
|established = 1951
|electors = 90,416
|abolished = 1957
|type= SLA
}}

'''Panchpir''', also referred to as '''Panchapidha''' was a constituency of the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]], of the [[Mayurbhanj district]], [[Odisha]] state in India.<ref name=dpaco1951ac>{{cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3968-dpaco-1951/ |title=The Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies (Orissa) Order (1951)|page=9 (215)}}</ref> It was established in 1951 and abolished in 1957.<ref name=dpaco1953-55>{{cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3962-final-order-dc-1953-1955/ |title=S.R.O. 2827. Notification of the Delimitation Commission of India |date=30 August 1954|place=New Delhi |page=366 (376)}}</ref> It was replaced by the constituencies of [[Udala Assembly constituency|Udala]], [[Karanjia Assembly constituency|Karanjia]] and [[Jashipur Assembly constituency|Jashipur]].

The Panchpir constituency consisted of the Panchpir sub-division of Mayurbhanj district.<ref name=dpaco1951ac/> Though this area (Panchpir sub-division) was a part of [[Mayurbhanj district]], it came under the [[Jajpur-Keonjhar Lok Sabha constituency|Jajpur-Keojhar]] Lok Sabha constituency.<ref name=dpaco1951pc>{{cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3968-dpaco-1951/ |title=The Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies (Orissa) Order (1951)|page=3 (209)}}</ref>

==Elected members==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of Winning candidates
|left1=Year
|left2=Candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=270px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent 2|1951|(1)|{{party color|All India Ganatantra Parishad}}|18.08|(2)|{{party color|Independent politician}}|17.63}}
}}

One election was held between 1951 and 1952. The constituency had 2 seats. Members elected:<ref name=prevMLAs>{{cite web|url=http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |title=Odisha Reference Annual - 2011 - List of Members of Odisha Legislative Assembly - (1951–2004) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217121136/http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2013 }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|rowspan=2| [[1951 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1951]]
| Kumari Ramraj{{efn|representing Panchpir}}
| {{Full party name with color|All India Ganatantra Parishad}}
|-
| Ghasiram Sandil{{efn|representing Panchpir (ST)}}
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|}
{{Notelist}}

==Election results==
===1951===
{{Election box begin |title=[[1952 Orissa Legislative Assembly election]]: Panchpir<ref name="OdishaECI1951">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3617-orissa-1951/ | title=Orissa 1951 | publisher=Election Commission of India | date=August 16, 2018}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|
|party = All India Ganatantra Parishad
|candidate = Biswanath Sahu
|votes = 7,985
|percentage = 18.08%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent politician
|candidate = Sanatan Naik
|votes = 9,492
|percentage = 17.89%
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent politician
|candidate = Ghasiram Sandil
|votes = 9,356
|percentage = 17.63%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Socialist Party (India)
|candidate = Bhaktabandhu Mahanta
|votes = 5,737
|percentage = 10.81%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Socialist Party (India)
|candidate = Rasananda Das
|votes = 4,959
|percentage = 9.34%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Adhikari Charuchandra Das
|votes = 4,547
|percentage = 8.57%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Pravakar Behera
|votes = 4,127
|percentage = 7.78%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent politician
|candidate = Sirish Chandra Das
|votes = 2,704
|percentage = 5.10%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent politician
|candidate = Surendranath Mahanta
|votes = 2,553
|percentage = 4.81%
}}
{{Election box turnout no change
|votes = 53,071
|percentage = 29.35%
}}
{{Election box registered electors no change|
|reg. electors = 90,416
}}
{{Election box new seat win
|winner = All India Ganatantra Parishad
}}
{{Election box new seat win
|winner = Independent politician
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Mayurbhanj district}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Odisha}}
{{coords|21.763|85.973|display=title}}

[[Category:Mayurbhanj district]]
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Odisha]]
[[Category:Politics of Odisha]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Orissa]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 disestablishments in India]]

Nepanagar Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:54:02Z

Smartkabadi: Created A Data W/ Refs - done

{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Nepanagar
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 179
| map_image = 179-Nepanagar.svg
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| district = [[Burhanpur district|Burhanpur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Khandwa Lok Sabha constituency|Khandwa]]
| established = 1977
| reservation = ST
| mla = [[Sumitra Devi Kasdekar]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = [[Manju Rajendra Dadu]]
}}
'''Nepanagar''' is one of the 230 constituencies in the [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]] a central state of [[India]]. [[Nepanagar]] is also part of [[Khandwa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khandwa Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>[http://www.elections.in/madhya-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/nepanagar.html Elections In]</ref> It is a reserved seat for the Scheduled Tribe (ST).<ref name="ceo">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|pages=227, 250}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Election!!Member<ref name="election2018">{{cite web|title=(Madhya Pradesh) Assembly Constituency Elections|url=http://www.elections.in/madhya-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/nepanagar.html|website=elections.in|access-date=23 May 2018}}</ref>!! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| [[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| Brijmohan Mishra
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| rowspan="2" |Tanwant Singh Keer
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)|dab=y}}
|-
| [[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|Brijmohan Mishra
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|Tanwant Singh Keer
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|Raghunath Chaudhary
|-
| [[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|[[Archana Chitnis]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| rowspan="2" |Rajendra Shyamlal Dadu
|-
| [[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|-
|2016{{Efn|by-poll}}<ref name="Madhya Pradesh bypoll: BJP retains Nepanagar Assembly seat">{{cite news |title=Madhya Pradesh bypoll: BJP retains Nepanagar Assembly seat |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/mp-assembly-bypoll-bjp-ahead-in-nepanagar-seat/articleshow/55557628.cms?from=mdr |access-date=4 March 2025 |publisher=The Economic Times |date=22 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250304052835/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/mp-assembly-bypoll-bjp-ahead-in-nepanagar-seat/articleshow/55557628.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=4 March 2025}}</ref>
|[[Manju Rajendra Dadu]]
|-
|[[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref>
|rowspan=2|[[Sumitra Devi Kasdekar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|2020{{Efn|by-poll}}
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<ref name="Madhya Pradesh Assembly Elections Results 2023 - Nepanagar">{{cite news |title=Madhya Pradesh Assembly Elections Results 2023 - Nepanagar |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/candidateswise-S12179.htm |access-date=4 March 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=3 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250304052915/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/candidateswise-S12179.htm |archive-date=4 March 2025}}</ref><ref name="Nepanagar Constituency Election Results 2023">{{cite news |title=Nepanagar Constituency Election Results 2023 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/madhya-pradesh/constituency-show/nepanagar |access-date=4 March 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=3 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250304052823/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/madhya-pradesh/constituency-show/nepanagar |archive-date=4 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
| [[Manju Rajendra Dadu]]
|}
{{noteslist}}

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Nepanagar<ref name="Madhya Pradesh Assembly Elections Results 2023 - Nepanagar"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Manju Rajendra Dadu]]
|votes = {{formatnum:113400}}
|percentage = 54.85
|change = +8.86
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Gendu Bai
|votes = {{formatnum:68595}}
|percentage = 33.18
|change = -13.51
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Bilarsingh Jamra
|votes = {{formatnum:16365}}
|percentage = 7.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Ratilal Bhaulal Chilatre
|votes = {{formatnum:2632}}
|percentage = 1.27
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2303}}
|percentage = 1.11
|change = -0.29
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:44805}}
|percentage = 21.67
|change = +20.97
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:206730}}
|percentage = 78.64
|change = +0.91
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2020 bypoll ===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2020 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-elections]]: Nepanagar<ref name="elections2020_bypolls">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/12753-bye-elections-2020-parliamentary-and-assemblies/ |title=Bye Elections 2020 (Parliamentary and Assemblies) |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=25 January 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Sumitra Devi Kasdekar]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:98881}}
|percentage = 53.7
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Ramkishan Patel
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:72541}}
|percentage = 39.4
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Bhalsing
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:3051}}
|percentage = 1.66
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Sanjay
|party = Independent
|votes = {{formatnum:2756}}
|percentage = 1.5
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Devidas Bandekar
|party = Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi
|votes = {{formatnum:2603}}
|percentage = 1.41
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = {{formatnum:2736}}
|percentage = 1.49
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:26340}}
|percentage = 14.30
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:184135}}
|percentage = 76.16
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Nepanagar<ref name="election2018"/> }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Sumitra Devi Kasdekar]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:85320}}
|percentage = 46.69
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Manju Rajendra Dadu]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:84056}}
|percentage = 45.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Gansingh Patel
|party = Shiv Sena
|votes = {{formatnum:3721}}
|percentage = 2.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Ashok Totaram Marko
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:2918}}
|percentage = 1.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2551}}
|percentage = 1.4
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:1264}}
|percentage = 0.7
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:182751}}
|percentage = 77.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2013===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Nepanagar}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Rajendra Shyamlal Dadu
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 87,224
|percentage = 51.82
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Ramkishan Patel
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 65,046
|percentage = 38.65
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 4,740
|percentage = 2.82
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Bhalsingh Versingh Dahadiya
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 4,394
|percentage = 2.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Suneeta Premsingh Jamara
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|votes = 2,299
|percentage = 1.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|
|votes = 22,178
|percentage = 13.56
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|
|votes = 1,68,321
|percentage = 78.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Nepanagar]]
* [[List of constituencies of Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Burhanpur district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|21.45|76.43|display=title}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Burhanpur district]]
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1977]]
[[Category:1977 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]

Pung Cholom

2026-04-04T17:06:21Z

Smartkabadi: Created Basic Post Basic Info - done

{{Short description|Classical dance form of Meitei culture}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Contains special characters|Meitei}}
[[File:Pung cholom performer, Manipur.jpg|right|thumb|A traditional, Pung cholom performer.]]
[[File:Pung Cholam.jpg|thumb|right|Dancer performing the Pung Cholom]]
The '''Pung cholom''' ({{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯄꯨꯡ ꯆꯣꯂꯣꯝ}}||{{Script|Latn|roar of the drum}}|}}) is a [[traditional Meitei dance]] form originated from [[Manipur]], which is the soul of the [[Manipuri Sankirtana]] music and the [[Manipuri classical dance]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=Pung Cholom: There's nothing solemn about this explosive dance|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/topics/voices/culture/article/2016/09/14/pung-cholom-theres-nothing-solemn-about-explosive-dance|access-date=2021-01-16|website=Topics|language=en}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url=https://www.incredibleindia.org/content/incredible-india-v2/en/destinations/imphal/pung-cholom.html|title=Pung cholom : Also known as Mrindanga Kirtan or Dhumal or Drum Dance, Pung Cholom is a famous dance style of Manipur that involves dancing and playing a drum at the same time|website=Incredibleindia.org|access-date=2021-11-26}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/soibam-boy-singh-and-his-troupe-from-the-institute-of-manipur-performing-arts-perform-the-vibrant-pung-cholom-dance-in-the-city/article7662392.ece|title=A dancing tribute to Manipur|first=Parshathy J.|last=Nath|date=17 September 2015|access-date=26 November 2021|website=The Hindu}}</ref> The Pung cholom is a unique classical dance of [[Manipur]]. This dance may be performed by men or women and is usually a prelude to the [[Ras Lila]].<ref name="auto"/><ref name="auto2"/><ref name="auto1"/>
In this style, the dancers play the pung (a form of hand beaten [[drum]]) while they dance at the same time. Dancers need to be graceful and acrobatic at the same time. They use these [[acrobatics|acrobatic effects]] without breaking the rhythm or flow of music.<ref name="auto"/><ref name="auto2"/><ref name="auto1"/> The dance is marked by a gentle rhythm, which gradually builds up to a thunderous climax. Pung cholom borrows elements from the Manipuri martial arts, [[Thang Ta]] and [[Sarit Sarak]] and also from the traditional ''Maibi Jagoi''.<ref name="auto"/><ref name="auto2"/><ref name="auto1"/>

== Function of eyes ==
In Pung Cholom, eyes play a crucial role since every actions are done through vision.
There are three different ways of directing the gaze: close {{Meitei|ꯑꯅꯛꯄ|anakpa}}, or to about 2.6m from the performer, middle {{Meitei|ꯃꯌꯥꯏ|mayāi}}, about 4.3m, and distant {{Meitei|ꯑꯔꯥꯞꯄ|arāppa}}, about 6m.

==See also==
* [[Pungmul]] – [[South Korea]] and [[North Korea]]
* [[Gayan-bayan]] – [[Assam]]
* [[Khanjluri]], [[Kazbeguri]], [[Khevsuruli]] and [[Mtiuluri]] – [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]
* [[Jangi (dance)|Jangi]] – [[Azerbaijan]]
* [[Yarkhushta]] – [[Armenia]]
* [[Qilaut]] – [[Canada]] ([[Nunavut]], [[Northwest Territories]] and [[Yukon]]), the [[United States]] ([[Alaska]]), [[Denmark]] ([[Greenland]]) and [[Russia]] ([[Chukotka Autonomous Okrug]])
* [[Ritual dance of the royal drum]] – [[Burundi]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Manipuri dance]]
[[Category:Meitei performing arts]]

{{India-dance-stub}}

C. S. Raazen Ekka

2026-04-04T03:57:15Z

Smartkabadi: new data

{{Short description|Indian politician from Odisha}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = C. S. Raazen Ekka
| image =
| office = Member of [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2019
| predecessor = [[Mangala Kisan]]
| constituency = [[Rajgangpur Assembly constituency|Rajgangpur]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age |df=y|1972|04|6}}
| parents = [[Christopher Ekka]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| occupation = [[Politician , Doctor (title)|Doctor, Army Colonel(Retd.)]]
| alma_mater =
}}
'''C. S. Raazen Ekka''' (born 6 April 1972) is an Indian politician from [[Odisha]] and a member of [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]] from [[Rajgangpur Assembly constituency|Rajgangpur]]. He is a member of the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=C. S. Raazen Ekka |url=https://odishaassembly.nic.in/memberprofile.aspx?img=1424 |website=www.odishaassembly.nic.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=C. S. Raazen Ekka wins from Rajgangpur |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/odisha/odisha-assembly-elections-2024-rajgangapur-constituency-result-3009637 |website=www.latestly.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Congress mla treats patients in doctors absence in Odisha's Rairangpur |url=https://www.latestly.com/agency-news/india-news-congress-mla-treats-patients-in-doctors-absence-in-odishas-rajgangpur-5517112.html/amp |website=www.latestly.com}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ekka, C. S. Raazen }}
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Odisha]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1972 births]]
{{Odisha-INC-politician-stub}}

Vedanta Resources

2026-04-01T17:38:52Z

Smartkabadi:

{{short description|Global diversified metals and mining company}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Vedanta Resources Limited
| logo = Vedanta Logo.svg
| logo_size = 250px
| former_name = Angelchange Limited
| type = [[Privately held company|Private]]
| traded_as = {{Unbulleted_list|{{LSE|VED}}|{{NYSE|VEDL}}}}
| ISIN = {{ISIN|sl=n|pl=y|INE205A01025}}
| industry = [[Mining]]
| foundation = {{Start date and age|2003|04|22|df=yes|p=yes}} as Angelchange Limited <ref>{{Cite web|title=VEDANTA RESOURCES LIMITED - Filing history (free information from Companies House)|url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/04740415/filing-history?page=14|access-date=2020-08-10|website=beta.companieshouse.gov.uk|language=en}}</ref>
| founder = [[Anil Agarwal (businessman)|Anil Agarwal]]
| owner = [[Anil Agarwal (businessman)|Anil Agarwal]]
| location = [[London]], United Kingdom
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Anil Agarwal (businessman)|Anil Agarwal]] {{small|(executive chairman)}}|Navin Agarwal {{small|(executive vice chairman)}}|Srinivasan Venkatakrishnan {{small|(CEO)}}}}
| products = [[copper]], [[aluminum]], [[zinc]], [[lead]], [[gold]], [[iron ore]], [[pig iron]], metallurgical coke and [[Oil and gas exploration]], [[Electric power|power]]
| revenue = {{Increase}}{{USD|18.220 billion}} (2025)<ref name=results>{{cite web |url=https://www.vedantaresources.com/uploads/investor-overview/financial-results/2HFY25_VRL_EarningsPresentation.pdf| title=Preliminary Results 2025 | publisher= Vedanta Resources| access-date=19 June 2024}}</ref>
| operating_income = {{Increase}}{{USD|4.538 billion}} (2025)<ref name=results/>
| net_income = {{Increase}}{{USD|3.01 billion}} (2025)<ref name=results/>
| assets = {{Increase}}
{{USD|25.671 billion}} (2025)<ref name=results/>
| equity = {{Increase}}
{{USD|2.915 billion}} (2025)<ref name=results/>
| num_employees =
| subsid = {{ubl|[[Vedanta Limited]]|[[Anglo American plc|Anglo American]] (20%)|[[Konkola Copper Mines]]}} <ref>{{Cite web|title=About Vedanta|url=https://ataglance.vedantaresources.com/our-business/about-vedanta|access-date=2020-08-10|website=ataglance.vedantaresources.com|language=en-gb|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804144012/https://ataglance.vedantaresources.com/our-business/about-vedanta|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| footnotes =
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.vedantaresources.com}}
}}

'''Vedanta Resources Limited''' is a diversified [[mining]] company headquartered in [[London]], United Kingdom. It is the largest mining and [[non-ferrous metals]] company in India and has mining operations in Australia and Zambia<ref name=aboutus>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vedantaresources.com/about-us.aspx|title=About Us|access-date=1 September 2010|publisher=Vedanta Resources plc|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516091416/http://www.vedantaresources.com/about-us.aspx|archive-date=16 May 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> and oil and gas operations in three countries. Its main products are [[zinc]], [[lead]], [[silver]], [[Petroleum|oil]] and [[Natural gas|gas]], [[iron ore]], [[steel]], [[aluminium]] and [[Power inverter|power]].<ref name=aboutus/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vedantaresources.com/what-we-do.aspx|title=What We Do|access-date=1 September 2010|publisher=Vedanta Resources plc|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209235029/http://www.vedantaresources.com/what-we-do.aspx|archive-date=9 February 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> It has also developed commercial [[power stations]] in India in [[Odisha]] (2,400 MW) and [[Punjab region|Punjab]] (1,980 MW).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vedantaresources.com/commercial-power.aspx|title=Commercial Power Generation Business|access-date=1 September 2010|publisher=Vedanta Resources plc|archive-date=9 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209232702/http://www.vedantaresources.com/commercial-power.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The company with 20,000 employees is primarily owned by the family of [[Anil Agarwal (industrialist)|Anil Agarwal]] through ''Volcan Investments'', a holding vehicle with a 61.7% stake in the business.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2010/sep/06/vedanta-human-rights-issues-india|title=Vedanta investors look into human rights issues in India|author=Elena Moya|work=the Guardian|date=6 September 2010 |access-date=3 April 2015}}</ref> [[Vedanta Limited|Vedanta limited]] (formerly Sesa Goa / [[Sterlite]]) is one of the many Indian subsidiaries of Vedanta resources and operates iron ore mines in Goa.<ref name="foil">{{cite book|url=http://www.foilvedanta.org/wp-content/uploads/Vedantas-Billions-ebook-high-res.pdf|title=Vedanta's billions: regulatory failure, environment and human rights|date=1 September 2018|publisher=Foil Vedanta|location=Sussex|access-date=30 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930193009/http://www.foilvedanta.org/wp-content/uploads/Vedantas-Billions-Regulatory-failure-environment-and-human-rights.pdf|archive-date=30 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Vedanta was listed on the [[London Stock Exchange]] and was a constituent of the [[FTSE 250 Index]] until chairman, Anil Agarwal's offer to take the company private went unconditional in September 2018.

==History==
The company was founded in [[Bombay]] (now [[Mumbai]]) in 1976 by [[Anil Agarwal (industrialist)|Anil Agarwal]], as a scrap-metal dealership.<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/energy/7947710/Who-is-Anil-Agarwal.html Who is Anil Agarwal?] Daily Telegraph, 16 August 2010</ref> In 1979, he acquired the Shamsher Sterling Corporation (subsequently renamed Sterlite Industries), a manufacturer of power and control cables.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20100920-bold-baron-744045-2010-09-10|title=Bold Baron|date=10 September 2010|publisher=India Today|access-date=4 September 2018}}</ref>

The company acquired a majority stake in [[Bharat Aluminium Company|Balco]], the Indian state aluminium business, in 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/business-live/sterlite-buys-49-stake-in-balco/articleshow/1502323.cms|title=Sterlite buys 49% stake in Balco|date=24 April 2006|work=The Economic Times|access-date=4 September 2018}}</ref> It was first listed on the [[London Stock Exchange]] in 2003 when, as Vedanta Resources, it raised {{USD|876 million}} through an [[initial public offering]].<ref>[http://www.marketwatch.com/story/indian-mining-vedanta-ipo-to-raise-at-least-876-mln Indian mining Vedanta IPO to raise at least $876 mln] Market Watch, 5 December 2003</ref>

In 2006, Vedanta acquired Sterlite Gold, a gold mining business,<ref>[http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2006/06/14/stories/2006061403900200.htm Vedanta to buy stake in Sterlite Gold for Rs 285 cr] Business Times, 14 June 2006</ref> and in 2007, Vedanta Resources bought a 51% stake in [[Sesa goa|Sesa Goa]], India's largest producer-exporter of [[iron ore]], and the company became listed on [[New York Stock Exchange|NYSE]] with a {{USD|2 billion}} ADS issue.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToPrint_TOINEW&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=CAP/2010/08/17&ID=Ar02105|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143530/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToPrint_TOINEW&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=CAP/2010/08/17&ID=Ar02105|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 June 2018|title=THE RISE & RISE OF ANIL AGARWAL|website=epaper.timesofindia.com|access-date=2018-06-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.ft.com/content/b4f90c32-f178-11e3-a2da-00144feabdc0 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221212001244/https://www.ft.com/content/b4f90c32-f178-11e3-a2da-00144feabdc0 |archive-date=12 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Anil Agarwal: Vedanta's bluff billionaire |website=Financial Times |date=15 June 2014 |language=en-GB |access-date=2018-06-07 }}</ref>

In 2008, Vedanta bought certain of the assets of [[Asarco]], a [[copper]] [[mining]] business, out of [[Chapter 11, Title 11, United States Code|Chapter 11]] for {{USD|2.6 billion}}.<ref>[http://www.marketwatch.com/story/vedantas-sterlite-buys-asarco-out-of-chapter-11-for-26-billion Vedanta unit buys Asarco out of Chapter 11 at $2.6B] Market Warch, 1 June 2008</ref> and in 2010, it acquired Anglo-American's portfolio of Zinc assets in South Africa, Namibia and Ireland.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/steel/vedanta-buys-anglo-american-zinc-for-1-3-billion-in-all-cash-deal/articleshow/5913678.cms|title=Vedanta buys Anglo American Zinc for $1.3 billion in all cash deal|date=2010-05-10|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2018-06-07}}</ref>

In 2011, Vedanta acquired 58.5% controlling stake in [[Cairn India]], India's largest private sector oil and gas company<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2011/jul/31/vedanta-resources-cairn-energy-india-deal|title=Vedanta given green light for $8.5bn Cairn deal|last=Wachman|first=Richard|date=2011-07-30|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2018-06-07}}</ref><ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Vedanta-completes-Cairn-India-deal/articleshow/11034494.cms Vedanta completes Cairn India deal] Times of India, 8 December 2011</ref> and in 2013, Sterlite Industries and Sesa Goa announced a merger. The merger took place in August 2013 and the consolidated group was then called [[Sesa Sterlite]] Ltd (now [[Vedanta Limited]]).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Sesa-Goa-Sterlite-merger-becomes-effective/articleshow/21884322.cms|title=Sesa Goa, Sterlite merger becomes effective - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-06-07}}</ref> In June 2018, Vedanta acquired 90% stake in Electrosteel Steels, a steel producer.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/vedanta-enters-steel-with-acquisition-of-electrosteel-steels-to-hold-90-118060401085_1.html|title=Vedanta enters steel with acquisition of Electrosteel Steels, to hold 90%|last=Mukul|first=Jyoti|date=2018-06-05|work=Business Standard India|access-date=2018-06-07}}</ref>

In September 2018, the company announced that Anil Agarwal would be taking Vedanta Resources private on 1 October 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/fmf5Xn7Ctf3Ajs52fPE3NN/Anil-Agarwal-to-take-Vedanta-Resources-private-on-1-October.html|title=Anil Agarwal to take Vedanta Resources private on 1 October|date=3 September 2018 |publisher=Live Mint|access-date=4 September 2018}}</ref>

In September 2025, the Vedanta Project in Odisha halted over tribal rights violation claims.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India: Vedanta bauxite project in Odisha paused amid Adivasi allegations of forged consent; court orders scrutiny of forest clearance and restrictions imposed on human rights defenders |url=https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/india-vedanta-bauxite-project-in-odisha-paused-amid-adivasi-allegations-of-forged-consent-court-orders-scrutiny-of-forest-clearance/ |access-date=2025-09-12 |website=Business & Human Rights Resource Centre |language=en}}</ref>

==Operations==
===Copper===
[[Sterlite Industries]] (India): Sterlite is registered office headquartered in [[Tuticorin]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India. Sterlite has been a public listed company in India since 1988, and its equity shares are listed and traded on the NSE and the BSE, and are also listed and traded on the NYSE in the form of ADSs. Vedanta owns 53.9% of Sterlite and has management control of the company. Protest by Public of Tuticorin started for not following Environmental Clearance Issues. The Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB) accused the factory of releasing noxious gas in the air. It said sulphur-dioxide levels had gone off the charts on the night of 23 March in the year 2013. It showed a reading of 2939.55 mg/cubic metre against the prescribed limit of 1250 mg/ cubic metre more people where affected by cancer and other breathing disorders but the Indian government did not take any action.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/322671/vedantas-copper-smelting-plant-ordered.html |title=Vedanta's copper smelting plant ordered to stop operations |newspaper=Deccan Herald |date=30 March 2013 |access-date=17 February 2014}}</ref>

[[Konkola Copper Mines]]: Vedanta owns 79.4% of KCM's share capital and have management control of the company. KCM's other shareholder is ZCCM Investment Holdings plc. The government of Zambia has a controlling stake in ZCCM Investment Holdings plc.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mining.com/konkola-copper-mines-shuts-smelter/|title=Konkola Copper Mines shuts smelter|date=14 October 2016|publisher=Mining|access-date=28 April 2017}}</ref>

[[Copper Mines of Tasmania]]: CMT is headquartered in [[Queenstown, Tasmania]]. Sterlite owns 100.0% of CMT and has management control of the company.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-07-09/mt-lyell-mine-set-to-close/5584184 | title=Tasmania's Mount Lyell mine to close, 200 workers redundant | date=10 July 2014 | publisher=ABC News}}</ref>

===Zinc===
[[Hindustan Zinc]]: HZL is headquartered in [[Udaipur]] in the state of [[Rajasthan]]. HZL's equity shares are listed and traded on the NSE and BSE. Sterlite owns 64.9% of the share capital in HZL and has management control. Sterlite has a call option to acquire the government of India's remaining ownership interest.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Money/doyLFuwB5gJVUzNY0UGt9K/Getting-hold-of-Hindustan-Zincs-cash-turning-an-expensive-a.html|title=Getting hold of Hindustan Zinc's cash turning an expensive affair for Vedanta|date=24 March 2017|publisher=Live mint|access-date=28 April 2017}}</ref>

===Iron ore===
{{see also|Vedanta Limited}}

Vedanta's iron ore mining operations in India are operated under the umbrella of [[Vedanta Limited]], a company headquartered in [[Panaji]], India. It has mining operations in Goa and Karnataka.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/vedanta-s-sesa-iron-ore-to-make-all-mines-operational-in-goa-116062500508_1.html|title=Vedanta's Sesa Iron Ore to make all mines operational in Goa|date=25 June 2016|work=Business Standard|access-date=28 April 2017|agency=Press Trust of India }}</ref> Originally founded as Sesa Goa, a [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] company, Sesa Goa was purchased by Vedanta (then known as Sterlite industries) in the 1990s. As of 30 June 2018, the company is owned 50% by the promoters (under the names of 12 members of the Agarwal family) and 50% by the public. This includes ownership by and "Westglobe limited", "Twinstar holdings", Finsider international and mutual funds ([[ICICI Prudential Mutual Fund|ICICI Prudential]]), foreign portfolio investors (17%), [[LIC India]] (6%) and Citibank New York (4%).<ref>{{cite web |title=Share holding pattern - Vedanta Limited, India |url=http://www.vedantalimited.com/media/128025/vedl_shareholding_pattern_q1_equity_shares.pdf |website=www.vedantalimited.com |publisher=Vedanta official / letter to SEBI |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930154658/http://www.vedantalimited.com/media/128025/vedl_shareholding_pattern_q1_equity_shares.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[Sterlite Energy]]: Sterlite Energy is headquartered in Mumbai. Sterlite owns 100.0% of Sterlite Energy and has management control of the company.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=30247442|title=Sterlite Energy|publisher=Bloomberg|access-date=28 April 2017}}</ref>

== Philanthropy ==
[[File:Maneka Sanjay Gandhi inaugurating the first ever modern Anganwadi Centre 'Nand Ghar' in PPP Model, at Sonipat, in Haryana on June 24, 2015. The Women & Child Development Minister of Haryana, Smt. Kavita Jain is also seen.jpg|thumb|[[Maneka Sanjay Gandhi]] inaugurating the first ever modern Anganwadi Centre 'Nand Ghar' in PPP Model, at Sonipat, in Haryana on 24 June 2015. The Women & Child Development Minister of Haryana, Smt. [[Kavita Jain]] is also seen]]
In 1992, Anil Agarwal created the Vedanta Foundation as the vehicle through which the group companies would carry out their philanthropic programs and activities. In the financial year 2013–14, the Vedanta group companies and the Vedanta foundation invested US$49.0 million in building [[hospitals]], [[schools]] and infrastructure, conserving the environment and funding community programs that improve health, education and livelihood of over 4.1 million people.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.navhindtimes.in/economic-scan-17/ |title=Sesa Sterlite wins Asian CSR Leadership Award|work=[[The Navhind Times]]|date=15 October 2014}}</ref> The initiatives were undertaken in partnership with the government and [[non-governmental organizations]] (NGOs). Among his inspirations, Agarwal counts [[Andrew Carnegie]] and [[David Rockefeller]] who built public works with their fortunes, and [[Bill Gates]]. The activities funded by his philanthropy are focused on child welfare, women empowerment and [[education]].
Anil Agarwal was ranked second in Hurun India Philanthropy List 2014 for his personal donation of ₹1,796 crore (about US$36 million). He was ranked 25th in the Hurun India Rich List with a personal fortune of ₹12,316 crore.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hurun.net/EN/ArticleShow.aspx?nid=213 |title=Hurun India Philanthropy List 2013 |publisher=Hurun |date=13 November 2013 |access-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150128055536/http://www.hurun.net/EN/ArticleShow.aspx?nid=213 |archive-date=28 January 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thetimes.com/travel/destinations/asia-travel/india/vedanta-mining-tycoon-anil-agarwal-vows-to-give-away-fortune-xmj0d6jhkvc |title=Vedanta mining tycoon Anil Agarwal vows to give away fortune |work=[[The Times]]|date=26 September 2014}}</ref>

In 2015, the Vedanta group in partnership with Ministry for Women and Child development inaugurated the first "Nand Ghar" or modern anganwadi, of the 4,000 planned to set up.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/nand-ghar-project-launched-by-vedanta-women-and-child-ministry-115062501062_1.html|title=Nand Ghar project launched by Vedanta, women and child ministry|last=IANS|date=2015-06-25|work=Business Standard India|access-date=2018-05-30}}</ref> Agarwal has pledged to donate 75% of his family's wealth to charity, saying he was inspired by [[Gates Foundation|Bill Gates]].<ref name="bs">{{cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/anil-agarwal-pledges-75-of-his-wealth-to-charity-114092600997_1.html|title=Anil Agarwal pledges 75% of his wealth to charity |work=Business Standard|date=27 September 2014}}</ref>

==Environmental record==
Vedanta has been criticised by human rights and activist groups, including [[Survival International]], [[Amnesty International]] and Niyamgiri Surakshya Samiti because of the company's operations in [[Niyamgiri|Niyamgiri hills]] in [[Odisha]], India that are said to threaten the lives of the [[Dongria Kondh]] people who populate this region.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.survival-international.org/tribes/dongria |title=British mining company threatens sacred mountain |publisher=Survival-international.org |access-date=1 August 2010}}</ref> The Niyamgiri hills are also claimed to be an important wildlife habitat in Eastern Ghats of India as per a report by the Wildlife Institute of India<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.freewebs.com/epgorissa/WII%20Report%20on%20Niyamgiri.pdf |title=Studies on impact of proposed Lanjigarh Bauxite Mining on biodiversity including wildlife and its habitat |publisher=Freewebs.com |access-date=1 August 2010}} {{dead link|date=December 2018}}</ref> as well as independent reports/studies carried out by civil society groups.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.freewebs.com/epgorissa/niyamgiri.pdf |title=A brief report on Ecological and Biodiversity importance of Niyamgiri Hill and implications of Bauxite Mining |publisher=Freewebs.com |access-date=1 August 2010}} {{dead link|date=December 2018}}</ref> In January 2009, thousands of locals formed a human chain around the hill in protest at the plans to start [[bauxite]] mining in the area.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7854369.stm|title=Indians protest over mining plans |last=Sahu|first=Sandeep|date=27 January 2009|publisher=BBC News|access-date=30 September 2009}}</ref> The Union Environment Ministry in August 2010 rejected earlier clearances granted to a joint venture led by the Vedanta Group company Sterlite Industries for mining bauxite from Niyamgiri hills.<ref name="vedanta">{{Cite web|title= Vednata would invest $2 billion less in India |url= http://business.rediff.com/report/2010/oct/07/vednata-would-invest-2-billion-less-in-india.htm |publisher=business.rediff.com|access-date=25 October 2010}}</ref>

Vedanta's Alumina Refinery in Lanjigarh was criticised by the Orissa State Pollution Control Board (the statutory environmental regulation body) for air pollution and water pollution in the area. According to Amnesty International, local people reported dust, allegedly from the plant, settling on clothes, crops and food. Vedanta officials claimed there was no dust pollution from the plant at all.<ref name="BBC">{{Cite news | title = India refinery 'threatens health of local community' | publisher=BBC News | date = 9 February 2010 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8505250.stm | access-date = 9 February 2010}}</ref> An environmental inspection of the plant reported water pollution by the plant including a small increase of the pH value of the river Vamshadhara below the refinery and a high level of SPM in the stack emissions.<ref>Nayak, C.R., [http://www.epgorissa.org/Vedanta/Inspection%20report%20of%20Vedanda%20November,%202008%20-%20Copy.pdf Inspection Report on M/S. Vedanta Alumnimum Limited, Lanjigarh, Dist: Kalahandi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726033303/http://www.epgorissa.org/Vedanta/Inspection%20report%20of%20Vedanda%20November,%202008%20-%20Copy.pdf |date=26 July 2011 }}</ref>

In October 2009 it was reported that the British government has criticised Vedanta for its treatment of the Dongria Kondh tribe in Orissa, India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/world-news/uk-government-blasts-vedanta-for-mistreatment-of-oriya-tribals_100259570.html |title=UK Government blasts Vedanta for mistreatment of Oriya tribals |publisher=Thaindian.com |date=12 October 2009 |access-date=1 August 2010}}</ref> The company refused to co-operate with the British government and with an [[OECD]] investigation. It has rejected charges of environmental damage, saying it may be related to the increased use of fertiliser by farmers.<ref name="BBC"/>

It was reported in August 2015 that villagers in Chingola, Zambia can smell and taste toxic pollution/leaks from the largest copper mine in Africa owned by KCM.<ref>{{Cite web|title = I drank the water and ate the fish. We all did. The acid has damaged me permanently|url = https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2015/aug/01/zambia-vedanta-pollution-village-copper-mine|website = the Guardian|access-date = 2015-08-02|first = John|last = Vidal| date=August 2015 }}</ref>

Vedanta Resources was ranked as "the worst of the 12 biggest diversified miners at reducing emissions and planning for climate change", according to the Digging Deep report (CDP).<ref>{{Cite web| title = Executive Summary: Digging Deep|url = https://6fefcbb86e61af1b2fc4-c70d8ead6ced550b4d987d7c03fcdd1d.ssl.cf3.rackcdn.com/cms/reports/documents/000/002/365/original/mining-report-exec-summary-2017.pdf?1500499007|publisher = CDP|access-date = 2019-01-28}}</ref>

==Controversy==

=== Balco, Korba, Chhattisgarh ===
A chimney under construction by Gannon Dunkerley & Company at the Balco smelter in Korba, Chhattisgarh collapsed on 23 September 2009, killing at least 40 workers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/balco-chimney-crash-deaths-climb-to-26-dozens-still-trapped-fourth-lead-2_100251989.html |title=Balco chimney crash deaths climb to 26, dozens still trapped |publisher=Thaindian.com |date=24 September 2009 |access-date=1 August 2010}}</ref> Balco and GDCL management have been accused of negligence in the incident.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/8271423.stm |title=India chimney collapse kills 22 |publisher=BBC News |date=23 September 2009 |access-date=1 August 2010}}</ref>

=== Gamsberg Mine Landslide ===
On 17 November 2020, a mining-related "geotechnical incident" caused a landslide at the [[Ghaamsberg#Gamsberg Mine Landslide|Gamsberg]] Mine in South Africa and 10 miners became trapped; with mining halted, eight miners were rescued, one died and one body was missing.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-11-21 |title=Search for last miner trapped at South Africa's Gamsberg goes on, mining halted |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-vedanta-zinc-accident-idUSKBN2810KH |access-date=2023-06-23}}</ref> On 18 January 2021, the company confirmed that mining operations had resumed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vedanta resumes mining ops at Gamsberg zinc mine – Reuters|newspaper=S & P Global|url=https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/latest-news-headlines/vedanta-resumes-mining-ops-at-gamsberg-zinc-mine-8211-reuters-62148841|access-date=23 June 2023}}</ref>

==Litigation==
=== India ===
In respect of bauxite mines at [[Lanjigarh]], [[Orissa, India|Orissa]], [[public interest litigation]]s were filed in 2004 by Indian non-government organisations led by the People's Union for Civil Liberties to the supreme court sub-committee regarding the potential environmental impact of the mines. The Ministry of Environment and Forests received reports from expert organisations and has submitted its recommendations to the supreme court. The sub-committee has found "blatant violations" of environmental regulations and grave concerns about the impact of the Niyamgiri mine on both the environment and the local tribal population. The committee recommended to the court that mining in such an ecologically sensitive area should not be permitted.<ref>Indian Supreme Court's Central Empowered Committee (2005) Report in IA No. 1324 regarding the alumina refinery plant being set up by M/S Vedanta Alumina Limited at Lanjigarh in [[Kalahandi]] District, Orissa</ref>

In July 2025, Vedanta’s plan to clear a vast forestland in Odisha was halted by the Forest Advisory Committee after evidence surfaced that they may have fraudulently obtained consent for their plans from [[Adivasis of Odisha|Adivasis]] and other communities in the area. Residents of the villages where [[Gram Sabha|Gram Sabhas]] were held claim Vedanta created and passed false resolutions, making Vedanta's plans in violation of the [[Provisions of the Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996|PESA Act]] and the [[Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006|Forest Rights Act]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=India: Vedanta bauxite project in Odisha paused amid Adivasi allegations of forged consent; court orders scrutiny of forest clearance and restrictions imposed on human rights defenders |url=https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/india-vedanta-bauxite-project-in-odisha-paused-amid-adivasi-allegations-of-forged-consent-court-orders-scrutiny-of-forest-clearance/ |access-date=2025-09-11 |website=Business & Human Rights Resource Centre |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Ayaskant |title=Vedanta Project in Odisha Halted Over Tribal Rights Violation Claims |url=https://theprobe.in/eco-guardians/vedanta-project-in-odisha-halted-over-tribal-rights-violation-claims-9780004 |access-date=2025-09-11 |website=theprobe.in |language=en}}</ref>

===Human rights===
In February 2010, the [[Church of England]] decided to disinvest from the company on ethical grounds.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://news.in.msn.com/business/article.aspx?cp-documentid=3610604 |title=Church of England sells Vedanta shares over Orissa human rights |publisher=News.in.msn.com |access-date=1 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809145559/http://news.in.msn.com/business/article.aspx?cp-documentid=3610604 |archive-date=9 August 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The Director of Survival International, [[Stephen Corry]], said, "The Church’s unprecedented and very welcome decision sends a strong signal to companies that trample on tribal peoples' rights: we will not bankroll your abuses. Anybody that has shares in Vedanta should sell them today if they care about human rights."<ref name=survivalvedanta>{{Cite web|url=http://www.survivalinternational.org/news/5518/ |title=Church takes 'unprecedented' step to sell stake in Vedanta |publisher=Survivalinternational.org |access-date=1 August 2010}}</ref>

Vedanta responded by expressing disappointment at the church's actions, and that it is "fully committed to pursuing its investments in a responsible manner, respecting the environment and human rights".<ref name="BBC"/>

The NGO [[Amnesty International]] has also criticised the company's record on human rights.<ref name="BBC"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/ASA20/004/2010/en |title=Don't Mine Us out of Existence – Amnesty International |publisher=Amnesty.org |date=9 February 2010 |access-date=1 August 2010}}</ref> It has said, "[I]t is clear that Vedanta Resources and its subsidiaries [...] have failed to respect the human rights of the people of Lanjigarh and the Niyamgiri Hills" adding, "The proposed bauxite mine [...] threatens the survival of a protected Indigenous community [...] However, these risks have been largely ignored and consultation with and disclosure of information to affected communities have been almost non-existent."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.survivalinternational.org/news/5546 |title=Amnesty slams Vedanta Resources |publisher=Survivalinternational.org |access-date=1 August 2010}}</ref>

Several shareholders sold their shares because of human rights concerns. This includes the [[Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust]], the Marlborough Ethical Fund, Millfield House Foundation and [[Stichting Pensioenfonds Zorg en Welzijn|PGGM]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.survivalinternational.org/news/5563 |title=Survival applauds Rowntree decision to sell Vedanta shares over ethical concerns |publisher=Survivalinternational.org |access-date=1 August 2010}}</ref> ''[[The Economic Times]]'' criticised the project in an editorial, stating that if the mine goes ahead it will "impoverish a defenceless populace, perhaps to extinction."<ref>[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Opinion/Stop-the-Vedanta-Project-in-Orissa/articleshow/5692364.cms Stop the Vedanta Project in Orissa] The Economic Times 17 March 2010</ref> In July 2010, the [[Chief Secretary (India)|Chief Secretary]] of the Indian state of [[Orissa, India|Orissa]] ordered a new investigation into the rights of the [[Dongria Kondh]] tribe affected by Vedanta Resources' bauxite mine, in what Survival International characterised as the "...third major blow to Vedanta in a month".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.survivalinternational.org/news/6224 |title=Third blow for Vedanta in a month as mine faces new probe |publisher=Survivalinternational.org |access-date=1 August 2010}}</ref>

A four-member panel set up by the government of India in the Ministry of Environment and Forests investigated the bauxite mining proposal over [[Niyamgiri]] near Lanjigarh in the districts of Kalahandi and Rayagada in [[Orissa, India|Orissa]]. The area has been the traditional habitat of two particularly vulnerable tribal groups, the Dongria Kondh and the Kutia Kondh. The committee submitted its report on 16 August 2010, saying "The Vedanta Company has consistently violated the Forest Conservation Act [FCA], the Forest Rights Act [FRA], the Environment Protection Act [EPA] and the Orissa Forest Act in active collusion with the State officials. Allowing mining by depriving two primitive tribal groups of their rights over the proposed mining site to benefit a private company would shake the faith of the tribal people in the laws of the land ".<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/article574882.ece |title= Don't clear Vedanta's Mining Project: Panel |publisher=The Hindu newspaper |access-date=17 August 2010}}</ref> Based on a panel report, the government of India has served a show cause notice on the company on why its Stage I environment clearance should not be cancelled.<ref>[http://moef.nic.in/downloads/public-information/Saxena_Vedanta.pdf Panel report]</ref>

In October 2017, [[Court of Appeal of England and Wales|London's Court of Appeal]] in the case of ''[[Lungowe v Vedanta Resources plc]]'' ruled that nearly 2,000 Zambians could sue Vedanta Resources plc as a parent company in English courts over alleged pollution of their village.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/zambian-villagers-win-right-to-sue-vedanta-in-english-courts/4069166.html|title=Zambian Villagers Win Right to Sue Vedanta in English Courts|agency=Reuters|work=VOA|access-date=2017-10-13|language=en}}</ref><ref name="survivalvedanta" /><ref name="BBC" /><ref name="vedanta"/> In concluding the same litigation in 2019, the [[Supreme Court of the United Kingdom]] confirmed that Vedanta could be sued in England concerning business liability for human rights violations and environmental damage.<ref name="Muchlinksi">{{cite book |last=Muchlinski |first=Peter |date=2021 |title=Multinational Enterprises and the Law |publisher=OUP |page=312 |isbn=9780198824138}}</ref><ref name="Bantekas">{{cite book |last=Bantekas |first=Ilias |date=2021 |title=The Cambridge Companion to Business and Human Rights Law |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=184 |isbn=9781108830379}}</ref>

==Legal violations==
In July 2010, Sterlite Industries, a subsidiary of Vedanta Group, received a tax notice of about {{INRConvert|3.24|b}}, and was charged with violating several rules by the excise department in India.<ref>{{Cite web|author=PTI |url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/companies/article534970.ece |title=Business / Companies : Sterlite Industries facing tax demand of Rs. 324 cr |work=The Hindu|date=26 July 2010 |access-date=1 August 2010}}</ref> Excise officials charged Sterlite Industries with misdeclaration because the company is alleged to have tried shipping out copper waste for the purpose of separating gold and silver when the waste also contained other precious metals like platinum and palladium.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sify.com/finance/sterlite-industries-charged-for-evading-duty-news-default-kivwOccdgjj.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811161448/http://www.sify.com/finance/sterlite-industries-charged-for-evading-duty-news-default-kivwOccdgjj.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 August 2011|title=Sterlite Industries charged for evading duty|work=Sify|access-date=3 April 2015}}</ref> Vendanta also owes the [[Income Tax Department]] ₹10,247 crore as retrospective tax as of January 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-business/i-t-dept-sells-216-mn-cairn-stake-in-vedanta/article24375307.ece|title=IT department sells $216 mn Cairn Stake in Vedanta.|work=The Hindu}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
{{Portal|Companies}}
* {{official website}}

{{Energy in the United Kingdom|companies}}
{{Vedanta Resources}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Vedanta Resources|*]]
[[Category:Non-renewable resource companies established in 1976]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the London Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Copper mining companies of India]]
[[Category:Diamond mining companies]]
[[Category:Gold mining companies of Australia]]
[[Category:Gold mining companies of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Iron ore mining companies of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Silver mining companies]]
[[Category:Mining companies of Australia]]
[[Category:Mining companies of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Companies based in the City of London]]
[[Category:Mining companies of India]]
[[Category:Aluminium companies of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:1976 establishments in India]]

S. S. Mallikarjun

2026-04-01T14:07:38Z

Smartkabadi: Created A Info W/ Refs - done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = S. S. Mallikarjun
| office = Cabinet Minister, [[Government of Karnataka]]
| predecessor =
| successor =
| governor = [[Thawarchand Gehlot]]
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[Siddaramaiah]]
| subterm = '''Cabinet'''
| suboffice = [[Second Siddaramaiah ministry]]
| 2blankname = Ministry and Departments
| 2namedata = *'''Mines & Geology'''
*'''Horticulture'''
| term_start = 27 May 2023<ref>{{Cite web | title= S. S. Mallikarajun gets Mines & Geology and Horticulture in Government of Karnataka|url=https://www.udayavani.com/english-news/chief-minister-siddaramaiah-allocates-portfolios-to-cabinet-ministers-see-full-list-here}}</ref>
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| governor1 = [[Vajubhai Vala]]
| 1blankname1 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata1 = [[Siddaramaiah]]
| subterm1 = '''Cabinet'''
| suboffice1 = [[First Siddaramaiah ministry]]
| 2blankname1 = Ministry and Departments
| 2namedata1 = *'''Horticulture'''
*'''Agricultural Marketing'''
| term_start1 = 2016
| term_end1 = 2018
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| governor2 =
*[[Khurshed Alam Khan]]
*[[V. S. Ramadevi]]
*[[T. N. Chaturvedi]]
| 1blankname2 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata2 = [[S. M. Krishna]]
| subterm2 = '''Cabinet'''
| suboffice2 = [[Krishna ministry]]
| 2blankname2 = Ministry and Departments
| 2namedata2 = *'''Youth affairs'''
*'''Sports'''
| term_start2 = 11 October 1999
| term_end2 = 28 May 2004<ref>{{Cite web| title=Mallikarjuna S.S. | url=http://kla.kar.nic.in/assembly/member/14thWhoSwho/117.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822091156/http://kla.kar.nic.in/assembly/member/14thWhoSwho/117.pdf | archive-date=2021-08-22}}</ref>
| office3 = Member of [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start3 = 13 May 2023
| predecessor3 = [[S. A. Ravindranath]]
| constituency3 = [[Davanagere North (Karnataka Assembly constituency)|Davangere North]]
| term_start4 = 2013
| term_end4 = 2018
| predecessor4 = [[S. A. Ravindranath]]
| successor4 = [[S. A. Ravindranath]]
| constituency4 = [[Davanagere North (Karnataka Assembly constituency)|Davangere North]]
| term_start5 = 1999
| term_end5 = 2004
| predecessor5 = [[Shamanuru Shivashankarappa]]
| successor5 = [[Shamanuru Shivashankarappa]]
| constituency5 = [[Davanagere Assembly constituency|Davangere]]
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1967|09|22|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Davangere]], [[Mysore State]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| spouse = [[Prabha Mallikarjun]]
| children = Two sons (Samarth Shamanur & Shiva Shamanur) and one daughter (Shreshta Shamanur)
| alma_mater =
| image_size =
| parents = [[Shamanuru Shivashankarappa]]
| party = [[File:Hand INC.svg|25px]][[Indian National Congress]]
}}

'''Shamanur Shivashankarappa Mallikarjun''' ([[Kannada]]:ಶಾಮನೂರು ಶಿವಶಂಕರಪ್ಪ ಮಲ್ಲಿಕಾರ್ಜುನ್), known professionally as '''S.S. Mallikarjun''', is an Indian politician from [[Karnataka]]. He is currently serving as Minister of Mines & Geology and Horticulture in [[Government of Karnataka]]. He is a member of [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] representing [[Davanagere North (Karnataka Assembly constituency)|Davangere North]].<ref>http://findarticles.com/p/news-articles/times-of-india-the/mi_8012/is_20090409/mallikarjun-files-nomination-hubli/ai_n39558272/ {{Dead link|date=October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-05-08 |title=Impressive win for Shamanur family |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/ |access-date=2023-10-03 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/speednewsshow/19945480.cms S S Mallikarjun of Congress wins from Davangere North]</ref>

He is the Chairman of [[S. S. Institute of Medical Sciences|SS Institute of Medical Science]] and research center, Davangere. He lost to [[G. M. Siddeshwara]] in [[2014 Lok Sabha election]]s. He also lost to [[S. A. Ravindranath]] in [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|Karnataka State Assembly Elections-2018]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Indian National Congress|state=Karnataka}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mallikarjun, Shamanur}}
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2013–2018]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:People from Davanagere]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:1967 births]]

{{Karnataka-INC-politician-stub}}

R. V. Jayakumar

2026-03-28T11:44:23Z

Smartkabadi: adjusted layout per standard format and cleaned formatting

{{More citations needed|date=March 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}

'''R.V. Jayakumar''', [[Doctor of Medicine|MD]], [[Doctor of Management|DM]](P.G.I.), FRCP(U.K), M.N.A.M.S. is the former Head of the Department of Medicine, [[Trivandrum Medical College]] (1997–2000) and [[Kottayam Medical College]] (1996–1997, 2000–2001).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-21 |title=Dr. R V JAYAKUMAR: ”What is hypothyroidism?” |url=https://indianexpress.com/videos/making-india-thyroid-aware-video/dr-r-v-jayakumar-what-is-hypothyroidism/ |access-date=2026-03-28 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=കഴുത്തില്‍ മുഴ ഇല്ലെങ്കില്‍ തൈറോയ്ഡ് ഇല്ല, ഗര്‍ഭിണികള്‍ക്കു തൈറോയ്ഡ് ഗുളിക പാടില്ല- തെറ്റിധാരണകള്‍ തിരുത്താം |url=https://www.vanitha.in/manorama-arogyam/info-clinic/2024/05/25/thyroid-day-thyroid-myths-and-facts-article-manorama-arogyam.html |access-date=2026-03-28 |work=കഴുത്തില്‍ മുഴ ഇല്ലെങ്കില്‍ തൈറോയ്ഡ് ഇല്ല, ഗര്‍ഭിണികള്‍ക്കു തൈറോയ്ഡ് ഗുളിക പാടില്ല- തെറ്റിധാരണകള്‍ തിരുത്താം |language=ml}}</ref>

He received his [[MBBS]] from Trivandrum Medical College (1963 batch), his MD from Trivandrum Medical College, his DM in [[Endocrinology]] from [[P.G.I. Chandigarh]] and his [[Membership of the Royal College of Physicians|MRCP]] from UK. He became a Fellow of the [[Royal College of Physicians]] in 1994. He was the first person in [[India]] to pass the MNAMS exam in Endocrinology in 1978. He was the first [[malayalee]] to become president of the Endocrine Society of India. He was also the president of the Indian Thyroid Society.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.ETHealthworld.com |title=1 in 10 Indians suffer from thyroid disorder: Study |url=http://health.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/1-in-10-indians-suffer-from-thyroid-disorder-study/46008520 |access-date=2026-03-28 |website=ETHealthworld.com |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jayakumar, R.V.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian endocrinologists]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians]]
[[Category:Scientists from Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Kerala]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{India-med-bio-stub}}

Satish Shah

2026-03-22T17:44:10Z

Smartkabadi: small changes

{{Short description|Indian actor and comedian (1951–2025)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Satish Shah
| honorific-prefix = [[Padma Shri]]
| image = SatishShah1.jpg
| alt = A chest up portrait of Satish Shah. He is looking at the camera and smiling. He has grey short hair and a dark moustache. He is wearing a dark shirt with white trimming on the collar and shoulders.
| caption = Shah in 2014
| birth_name = Satish Ravilal Shah
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1951|06|25|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2025|10|25|1951|06|25|df=y}}
| death_place = Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|comedian}}
| years_active = 1976–2025
| spouse = {{marriage|Madhu Shah|1982}}
| awards = [[#Awards|Full list]]
}}

'''Satish Ravilal Shah''' (25 June 1951 – 25 October 2025) was an Indian actor and comedian, best known for his iconic comic roles in films such as ''[[Jaane Bhi Do Yaaro]]'' (1983), ''[[Main Hoon Na]]'' (2004), ''[[Kal Ho Naa Ho]]'' (2003), ''[[Fanaa (2006 film)|Fanaa]]'' (2006), and ''[[Om Shanti Om]]'' (2007) and television series such as ''[[Yeh Jo Hai Zindagi]]'' (1984), and ''[[Sarabhai vs Sarabhai]]'' (2004) for which he won the [[ITA Award for Best Actor - Comedy|ITA Award for Best Actor in a Comic Role]] and the [[Indian Telly Award for Best Actor in a Comic Role]].

In 2008, he co-judged ''[[Comedy Circus]]'' alongside [[Archana Puran Singh]]. In 2015, he was appointed a member of the [[Film and Television Institute of India]] (FTII) society.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-11-14 |title=Satish Shah, producer B P Singh among three appointed to FTII society |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/satish-shah-producer-b-p-singh-among-three-nominated-to-ftii-society/ |access-date=22 April 2021 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

==Early life==
Satish Shah was born in [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], on 25 June 1951. His father's family was from [[Mandvi]], [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{cite news|title=I'm a Kutchi Gujarati: Satish Shah|first=Tuli|last=Banerjee|url=http://dnasyndication.com/dna/article/DNAHM19613|date=23 May 2009|publisher=DNA Syndication|access-date=13 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180514141415/http://dnasyndication.com/dna/article/DNAHM19613|archive-date=14 May 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> He did his schooling at New Era School in Mumbai and then completed his graduation from [[St. Xavier's College, Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite news |title='I'm in no hurry to die,' Satish Shah had once said expressing that he took a sabbatical from acting to rejuvinate[sic] himself |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/im-in-no-hurry-to-die-satish-shah-had-once-said-expressing-that-he-took-a-sabbatical-from-acting-to-rejuvinate-himself/articleshow/124821597.cms |work=The Times of India |date=26 October 2025}}</ref> He is an alumnus of the [[Film and Television Institute of India]] in [[Pune]], where he received formal training in acting.<ref>{{cite news |title=Film and TV personalities pay tribute to actor Satish Shah |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/actor-satish-shah-cremated-film-tv-fraternity-pays-emotional-tributes/article70205517.ece |work=The Hindu |date=26 October 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

==Career==
Shah graduated from [[Film and Television Institute of India]] in 1976.<ref>{{cite news |author= |date=25 October 2015 |title=Satish Shah, FTII alumnus who made audiences laugh, dies at 74 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/satish-shah-dies-ftii-alumnus-audiences-10326904/ |work=The Indian Express |access-date=25 October 2025 |url-access=subscription |agency=Express News Service |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251025185304/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/satish-shah-dies-ftii-alumnus-audiences-10326904/ |archive-date=25 October 2025}}</ref> He was known for his roles in the 1984 sitcom ''[[Yeh Jo Hai Zindagi]]'' directed by [[Kundan Shah]] and [[Manjul Sinha]], where he played 55 different characters in 55 episodes, and the character of Prakash in the television serial ''Zee TV - Filmy Chakkar'' in 1995, who he played in 50 episodes.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Satish Shah: A comic genius with a sparkling sense of the absurd|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19851115-satish-shah-a-comic-genius-with-a-sparkling-sense-of-the-absurd-802160-2014-01-17|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011202703/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19851115-satish-shah-a-comic-genius-with-a-sparkling-sense-of-the-absurd-802160-2014-01-17|archive-date=11 October 2020|access-date=14 April 2020|website=India Today|date=17 January 2014 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=14 January 2016|title=What made Yeh Jo Hai Zindagi such an important show|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/what-made-yeh-jo-hai-zindagi-such-an-important-show/story-boYysrZZEnwgemlRVFVUFO.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325122354/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/what-made-yeh-jo-hai-zindagi-such-an-important-show/story-boYysrZZEnwgemlRVFVUFO.html|archive-date=25 March 2020|access-date=14 April 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> He also starred in the 2004 television show ''[[Sarabhai vs Sarabhai]]'' as Indravadhan Sarabhai. In both ''Filmy Chakkar'' and ''Sarabhai vs Sarabhai'', his pairing was opposite [[Ratna Pathak|Ratna Pathak Shah]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-14|title=Cast of Sarabhai vs Sarabhai: Where are they now?|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/sarabhai-vs-sarabhai-star-bharat-satish-shah-ratna-pathak-shah-6350995/|access-date=2021-04-22|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> In 1997, he played the lead role in Ghar Jamai for 80 episodes along with the serial ''All The Best'' with Swaroop Sampat for 109 episodes for DD2.{{cn|date=October 2025}}

He played the role of Municipal Commissioner D'Mello in the 1984 movie ''[[Jaane Bhi Do Yaaro]]'' directed by [[Kundan Shah]]. Considered to be primarily a comedian, he has portrayed various character roles in his career throughout the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s, starting with his first movie ''Arvind Desai Ki Ajeeb Dastaan'' in 1978. Apart from his career in Bollywood, he was also a judge of the ''[[Comedy Circus]]''.

==Personal life==
Satish Shah married designer Madhu Shah in 1982. The couple had no children however.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/satish-shahs-family-know-all-about-romance-with-wife-madhu-to-family-ties-with-ratna-pathak-shah-101761547010043.html|title= Satish Shah's family: Know all about romance with wife Madhu to family ties with Ratna Pathak Shah}}</ref>

In January 2023, while on a trip to UK, Shah posted a tweet on [[Twitter|X]], describing the staff at [[Heathrow Airport]] questioning on how Shah could afford a first class seat, to which he replied with a proud smile "because we are Indians".<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/satish-shahs-fitting-reply-to-a-racist-remark-at-uks-heathrow-airport-wins-the-internet-549253|title= Satish Shah's fitting reply to a racist remark at UK's Heathrow airport wins the internet}}</ref> While several twitter users praised Shah for standing up to this remark, many twitter users criticized the racist behavior of the airport staff, and the official [[Twitter|X]] account of [[Heathrow Airport]] responded to Shah's tweet with an apology of the encounter.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.ndtv.com/feature/actor-satish-shahs-response-to-racist-comment-at-uks-heathrow-airport-wins-internet-3661616|title= Actor Satish Shah's Response To Racist Comment At UK's Heathrow Airport Wins Internet}}</ref>

==Illness and Death==
During the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19 pandemic]] in 2020, Satish Shah was diagnosed with [[COVID-19]]. He was admitted to [[Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre|Lilavati Hospital]] in Mumbai on 20 July and discharged on 28 July after making a full recovery.<ref>{{cite news |date=9 August 2020 |title=Sarabhai vs Sarabhai fame Satish Shah reveals COVID-19 diagnosis, thanks hospital after testing negative |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sarabhai-vs-sarabhai-fame-satish-shah-reveals-covid-19-diagnosis-thanks-hospital-after-testing-negative/articleshow/77449245.cms |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

On 25 October 2025, Shah died of cardiac arrest at the age of 74.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sana |first1=Farzeen |title=Sarabhai vs Sarabhai actor Satish Shah dies at 74 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/veteran-actor-satish-shah-known-for-role-in-sarabhai-vs-sarabhai-dies-at-74-2808278-2025-10-25 |website=India Today |access-date=25 October 2025 |date=25 October 2025}}</ref> He was cremated the same day, and numerous celebrities attended his last rites<ref>{{cite web |title=Veteran actor Satish Shah, known for Sarabhai vs Sarabhai, Main Hoon Na, dies at 74 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/satish-shah-dies-at-74-10326388/ |website=The Indian Express |access-date=25 October 2025 |language=en |date=25 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/bollywood/actor-satish-shah-passes-away-at-the-age-of-74-he-was-suffering-from-kidney-issues-a-a945/|title=Satish Shah Death: 'साराभाई वर्सेस साराभाई' फेम अभिनेते सतीश शाह यांचं निधन, ७४ व्या वर्षी घेतला अखेरचा श्वास| work= [[Lokmat]]|date=25 October 2025|access-date=25 October 2025}}</ref> His co-stars and producers of [[Sarabhai vs Sarabhai]] sang the title song of the show as a tribute to him during his cremation.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/actor-satish-shah-cremated-film-tv-fraternity-pays-emotional-tributes/article70205517.ece|title= Film and TV personalities pay tribute to actor Satish Shah}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{{More citations needed|section|date=October 2025}}
===Films===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Other notes
|-
|1976 || ''Bonga'' || Robber || short<ref>{{cite web |last=Kulkarni |first=Ronjita |date=8 February 2007 |title=The rare, first movies of Bollywood's best |url=https://rediff.com/movies/2007/feb/08sld6.htm |website=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=25 October 2025 |quote=Made in 1976, the comedy features Satish Shah, Rakesh Bedi and Suresh Oberoi among others.}}</ref>
|-
|1978 || ''[[Arvind Desai Ki Ajeeb Dastaan]]'' || ||<ref name=SSIE>{{cite news |last=Gupta |first=Shubhra |author-link=Shubhra Gupta |date=26 October 2025 |title=Satish Shah (1951-2025): Dead D'Mello brought us to life: The incomparable humourist, humanist |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/remembering-satish-shah-an-incomparable-humorist-and-humanist-10326822/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |location=New Delhi |access-date=1 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251101204547/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/remembering-satish-shah-an-incomparable-humorist-and-humanist-10326822/ |archive-date=1 November 2025 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|1979 || ''[[Gaman]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |1981 || ''[[Umrao Jaan (1981 film)|Umrao Jaan]]'' || Dilawar ||
|-
|''[[Albert Pinto Ko Gussa Kyoon Aata Hai? (1980 film)|Albert Pinto Ko Gussa Kyon Ata Hai]]'' || ||<ref name=SSIE/>
|-
|1982 || ''[[Shakti (1982 film)|Shakti]]'' || Ravi ||
|-
|1983 || ''[[Jaane Bhi Do Yaaro]]'' || Commissioner D'Mello ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |1984 || ''Meri Kahanii '' || Dolan ||
|-
|''[[Purana Mandir]]'' || Saanga ||
|-
| rowspan="4" |1986 || ''Peechha Karro'' || ||
|-
|''[[Main Balwan]]'' || Peter ||
|-
|'' [[Amrit (1986 film)|Amrit]]'' || Ram Charan ||
|-
|'' [[Anokha Rishta]]'' || Nasir Khan ||
|-
|rowspan="5"|1987 || ''[[Gammat Jammat]]''|| Police Inspector || [[Marathi film]]
|-
|''[[Apne Apne]]'' || ||
|-
|'' [[Kalyug Aur Ramayan]]'' || ||
|-
|'' [[Jaan Hatheli Pe]]'' || ||
|-
|'' [[Param Dharam]]'' || Toluram ||
|-
| rowspan="8" |1988 || '' Ek Hi Maqsad'' || Mad Poet ||
|-
|'' Peechha Karo'' || Giri Harihara ||
|-
|''[[Maalamaal]]'' || Govinda Sakharam Godbole ||
|-
|'' [[Aage Ki Soch]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Maar Dhaad]]'' || ||
|-
|'' [[Veerana]]'' ||Hitcock ||
|-
|'' [[Ghar Ghar Ki Kahani (1988 film)|Ghar Ghar Ki Kahani]]'' ||Asha's Brother||
|-
|'' [[Hero Hiralal]]'' ||Bhagwan||
|-
| rowspan="19" |1989 || ''[[Saath Saath (film)|Saath Saath]]'' ||Satish Shah ||
|-
|''Shakti'' || Satish Rai ||
|-
|''[[Ardh Satya]]'' ||Dacoit ||
|-
|''[[Mohan Joshi Hazir Ho!]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Anjaam]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Bhagwan Dada]]'' || Bijli's Patron ||
|-
|''Meri Kahani'' || ||
|-
|''[[Aag Aur Shola]]'' || Vidyasagar ||
|-
|''[[Love 86]]'' || Hawaldar Sandow ||
|-
|''[[Ghar Mein Ram Gali Mein Shyam]]''||Mr. Srivastav||
|-
|''[[Khoj (1989 film)|Khoj]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Bade Ghar Ki Beti]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Sachche Ka Bol Bala]]'' ||Akram||
|-
|''[[Dost Garibon Ka]]'' || Barkat Ali Khan / Bholeram ||
|-
|''[[Purani Haveli (film)|Purani Haveli]]'' ||Mangu and Kala Gang ||
|-
|''Mahaadev'' || ||
|-
|''[[Tere Bina Kya Jeena]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Hisaab Khoon Ka]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Ladaai]]'' || Radheshyam Pandit ||
|-
| rowspan="10" |1990 || ''Meri Lalkaar'' || ||
|-
|''[[Naag Nagin]]'' || Champalal, Chamdewala ||
|-
|''[[Apmaan Ki Aag]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Shaitani Ilaaka]]'' || Funtoosh||
|-
|''[[Haatim Tai (1990 film)|Hatim Tai]]'' || Nazrul ||
|-
|''[[Mera Pati Sirf Mera Hai]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Jungle Love (film)|Jungle Love]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Chor Pe Mor]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Amba (film)|Amba]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Thanedaar]]'' || Police Constable Rangiley||
|-
| rowspan="9" |1991 || ''Jaan Pehchan'' || ||
|-
|''[[Baharon Ke Manzil (1991 film)|Baharon Ki Manzil]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Naamcheen]]'' ||Satiya||
|-
|''Mehandi Ban Gayi Khoon'' || ||
|-
|''[[Jungle Queen (1991 film)|Jungle Queen]]'' || ||
|-
|''Patthar Ke Insaan '' ||Ram Singh, Chauffeur||
|-
|''[[Benaam Badsha]]'' ||Ganpat||
|-
|'' [[Narsimha (1991 film)|Narsimha]]'' ||Anil Saxena||<ref name=ShahHT/>
|-
|'' [[Dharam Sankat]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="5" |1992 || ''Abhi Abhi''|| Shastri
|-
|''Phoolwati'' || ||
|-
|''[[Aaj Ka Goonda Raaj]]''|| Jailor
|-
|'' [[Dilwale Kabhi Na Hare]]'' ||Reshamlal||
|-
|''Touhean''
||Dr. Jatin||
|-
| rowspan="7" |1993
|'' [[Kabhi Haan Kabhi Naa]] '' ||Simon Gonsalves||
|-
|''Wajva Re Wajva'' || Babulal Jain || [[Marathi film]]
|-
| '' [[Aaja Meri Jaan]]'' || Police Inspector||
|-
|''[[Bomb Blast (1993 film)|Bomb Blast]]'' || Police Inspector Anil Chhatpate||
|-
|'' [[Aashiq Awara]] '' || Inspector ||
|-
|'' [[Sainik]] '' || Alka's father ||
|-
|'' Boy Friend'' ||Commissioner||
|-
| rowspan="5" |1994 || '' [[Ghar Ki Izzat (1994 film)|Ghar Ki Izzat]]'' || ||
|-
|'' Anokha Prem Yudh'' || ||
|-
|'' [[Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!]]'' || Doctor ||<ref name=ShahHT>{{cite news |last=Marhur |first=Abhimanyu |date=26 October 2025 |title=How Satish Shah broke a box office record that even Shah Rukh and Salman Khan couldn't: All about his ₹500 crore run |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/how-satish-shah-broke-a-box-office-record-that-shah-rukh-khan-salman-khan-aamir-khan-couldnt-about-his-500-crore-run-101761469277743.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=26 October 2025}}</ref>
|-
|'' [[Stuntman (1994 film)|Stuntman]] '' || Mastan ||
|-
|'' [[Teesra Kaun]] '' || Bingo ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |1995 || '' [[Baazi (1995 film)|Baazi]] '' ||Editor Roy||
|-
|'' [[Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge]] '' ||Ajit Singh||<ref name=ShahHT/>
|-
|'' [[Akele Hum Akele Tum]]'' ||Gulbadan Kumar||<ref name=ShahHT/>
|-
|1996 || '' [[Saajan Chale Sasural]] '' ||Ram Pyara||<ref name=ShahHT/>
|-
| rowspan="7" |1997 || '' [[Aar Ya Paar]] '' ||Jagdish||
|-
|'' [[Judwaa]]'' ||Havaldar/Inspector||<ref name=ShahHT/>
|-
|'' [[Hero No. 1]] '' || Pappi||<ref name=ShahHT/>
|-
|'' Agni Chakra '' || ||
|-
|'' [[Himalay Putra]]'' ||Major Mathur||
|-
|'' [[Mere Sapno Ki Rani (film)|Mere Sapno Ki Rani]] '' ||Subhash||
|-
|'' [[Ghulam-E-Mustafa]]'' ||Qawwali Singer||
|-
| rowspan="6" |1998 || '' [[Dhoondte Reh Jaaoge! (1998 film)|Dhoondte Reh Jaaoge!]]'' ||Seth Motichand||
|-
|'' [[Saat Rang Ke Sapne]] '' ||Baldev||
|-
|'' [[Gharwali Baharwali]]'' || Anand Rastogi||
|-
|''[[Tirchhi Topiwale]]'' ||Gokul Pai||
|-
|'' [[Prem Aggan]]'' ||||
|-
|'' [[Shanti Shanti Shanti]]'' || Anantha Murthy || Kannada film
|-
| rowspan="2" |1999 || '' [[Anari No.1]] '' ||Sattar||<ref name=ShahHT/>
|-
|'' [[Hum Saath Saath Hain]] '' ||Pritam||<ref name=ShahHT/>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2000 || '' [[Kaho Naa Pyaar Hai]]'' ||Rohits Landlord||
|-
|'' [[Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani]]'' ||Kaka Chowdhry||<ref>{{cite news |author= |date=25 April 2025 |title=Aziz Mirza urges fans to revisit Shah Rukh Khan's Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani: 'My son says that you should have made the film seriously…' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/aziz-mirza-urges-fans-to-revisit-shah-rukh-khan-juhi-chawlas-phir-bhi-dil-hai-hindustani-9965889/ |work=The Indian Express |location=New Delhi |access-date=1 November 2025}}</ref>
|-
|'' [[Saali Poori Gharwali]]'' ||||
|-
|'' [[Har Dil Jo Pyar Karega]]'' ||Mahesh Hirwani||
|-
| rowspan="6" |2002 || '' [[Kitne Door Kitne Paas]] '' ||Veer Singh/Jeet Singh Rathod/Bhanwar Singh||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/films/2002/04/kitne_door.shtml|title=BBC - Shropshire - Movies - Kitne Door Kitne Paas|website=www.bbc.co.uk|access-date=7 April 2020|archive-date=8 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408010152/http://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/films/2002/04/kitne_door.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|'' [[Pyar Ki Dhun]]'' ||Kuber||
|-
|'' [[Om Jai Jagadish]]'' || ||
|-
|'' [[Mujhse Dosti Karoge]]'' ||Mr. Sahani||
|-
|'' [[Jeena Sirf Merre Liye]]'' ||Editor/Publisher||
|-
|'' [[Saathiya (film)|Saathiya]]''||Om Sehgal||
|-
| rowspan="7" |2003 || '' [[Tujhe Meri Kasam]]'' ||Satish Khanna||<ref>{{cite web |last=Pant |first=Seema |date=4 January 2003 |title=Tujhe Meri Kasam: The review |url=https://rediff.com/movies/review/tujhe/20030104.htm |website=Rediff.com|access-date=26 October 2025}}</ref>
|-
|'' [[Love at Times Square]] '' ||Gujarati Motel Owner||
|-
|'' [[Ishq Vishk]] '' ||Mr. Mathur||
|-
|'' [[Chalte Chalte (2003 film)|Chalte Chalte]] '' ||Manubhai ||
|-
|'' [[Kuch Naa Kaho]] '' ||Rakesh (Raj's Uncle)||
|-
|'' [[Kal Ho Naa Ho]]'' ||Karshan Bhai Patel||
|-
|'' [[Out of Control (2003 film)|Out of Control]] '' || Flower || <ref>{{cite web |last=N |first=Anjum |date=21 November 2005 |title=Can we have a new storyline please?|url=https://rediff.com/movies/review/out/20031121.htm |website=Rediff.com |access-date=2 November 2025 |quote=Here, he is helped by Flower (Satish Shah in a drag queen avatar), the son of a childhood friend.}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2004 || '' [[Masti (2004 film)|Masti]] '' ||Dr. Suresh Kapadia ||
|-
|'' [[Main Hoon Na]] '' ||Prof. Madhav Rasai||<ref>{{cite web |last=Bunty |first=H S |date=30 April 2004 |title=Main Hoon Na: A little bit of everything|url=https://rediff.com/movies/2004/apr/30main.htm |website=Rediff.com |access-date=26 October 2025}}</ref>
|-
|'' [[Mujhse Shaadi Karogi]]'' ||Suraj Prakash||
|-
|'' Kis Kiski Kismat '' || Rafsanjani||
|-
| rowspan="4" |2005 || '' [[Bachke Rehna Re Baba]] '' ||Gutkha Baron Mansukhani ||<ref>{{cite web |last=Sen |first=Raja |date=17 June 2005 |title=Bachke Rehna: Booby trap! |url=https://rediff.com/movies/review/raja/20050617.htm |website=Rediff.com |access-date=26 October 2025 |quote=Here they find Satish Shah, who, despite Ms Sherawat's stunningly statuesque self, steals the show. His Fakirchand Mansukhani is a delightful take on Hackman's grizzled old fruit, and is a superbly restrained performance. It even manages to make us laugh despite Rekha crowding around him, trying way too hard.}}</ref>
|-
|'' [[Pyaar Mein Twist]] '' || Karam Khanna||<ref>{{cite web |last=Mitra |first=Indrani Roy |date=17 June 2005 |title=Pyaar Mein Twist: Good stuff |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/review/pyaar/20050902.htm |website=Rediff.com |access-date=2 November 2025 |quote=veteran Satish Shah looks as fat and sweet as ever.}}</ref>
|-
|'' [[Ramji Londonwaley]] '' ||Immigration officer Vishambal Mehra||
|-
|'' [[Shaadi No. 1]] '' ||Kothari||
|-
| rowspan="6" |2006 || '' [[Fanaa (2006 film)|Fanaa]] '' ||Colonel ||
|-
|'' [[Love Ke Chakkar Mein]] '' ||Neha's Father ||
|-
|'' Panga Na Lo '' ||Karsanbhai Shah ||
|-
|'' [[Sandwich (2006 film)|Sandwich]] '' ||Chelaramani ||
|-
|'' Dil Laga Ke Dekho '' || ||
|-
|'' [[Deewana Tere Naam Ka]] '' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2007 || '' [[Om Shanti Om]] '' ||Partho Das ||
|-
|'' [[Just Married (2007 film)|Just Married]] '' ||Chaturvedi ||<ref>{{cite web |last=N |first=Patcy |date=16 March 2007 |title=Just Married: A good one-time watch|url=https://rediff.com/movies/review/just/20070316.htm |website=Rediff.com|access-date=2 November 2025}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2008 || '' [[Bhootnath]] '' ||Principal J.J. Irani ||<ref>{{cite web |last=Ramani |first=Nitya |date=17 March 2008 |title=Amitabh unveils Bhootnath |url=https://rediff.com/movies/2008/mar/17slid3.htm |website=Rediff.com |access-date=26 October 2025 |quote=Apart from Amitabh's friendly ghost and Aman's prankster Banku, the rest of the cast {{sic|comprises |hide=y|of}} Juhi as Banku's mother, an easy-going, fun loving person; Banku's principal Irani (Satish Shah), who is extremely fond of students' lunch boxes; and Anthony (Rajpal Yadav), the servant.}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Dhoom Dadakka]]'' ||Jignesh ||<ref>{{cite web |last=Gupta |first=Ameeta |date=23 May 2008 |title=Dhoom Dadakka: Just a few laugh gags|url=https://rediff.com/movies/2008/may/23dhoom.htm |website=Rediff.com |access-date=26 October 2025}}</ref>
|-
|'' [[De Taali]] '' || ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2009 || '' [[Horn 'OK' Pleassss]] '' || ||
|-
|'' Mr. Fraud '' || ||
|-
|'' [[Kal Kissne Dekha]] '' || Kapoor ||
|-
| rowspan="5" |2010 || ''[[Chance Pe Dance]] '' || School Principal||
|-
|'' [[Jaane Kahan Se Aayi Hai]] '' || Rajesh's Father ||
|-
|'' [[Banda Yeh Bindaas Hai]] '' || ||
|-
|'' [[Milenge Milenge]] '' || Trilok Kapoor ||
|-
|'' [[Khichdi: The Movie]] '' || [[Devata|Ishwar Buddhidev]] ||<ref>{{cite web |last=Hegde |first=Rajul |date=1 October 2010 |title=Taste Khichdi's magic on the big screen |url=https://rediff.com/movies/report/khichdi-review/20101001.htm |website=Rediff.com |access-date=26 October 2025}}</ref>
|-
|2011 || '' [[Ra.One]] '' || Iyer Uncle||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2012|| ''Gola Berij'' || Peston Kaka || Marathi-language film
|-
|''[[A New Love Ishtory]]'' || DD ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2013 || '' [[Ramaiya Vastavaiya]] '' || Krishnakant||
|-
|'' [[Club 60]] '' || Mansukhani||<ref>{{cite web |last=Tiwari |first=Nishi |date=6 December 2013 |title=Review: Club 60 is promising but loses steam very fast |url=https://rediff.com/movies/report/review-club-60-is-promising-but-loses-steam-very-fast/20131206.htm |website=Rediff.com |access-date=26 October 2025}}</ref>
|-
|2014 || '' [[Humshakals]] '' || Mr. Y.M. Raj ||<ref>{{cite web |last=Sen |first=Raja |date=20 June 2014v|title=Review: Humshakals should be sued for cruelty to audiences |url=https://rediff.com/movies/review/review-humshakals-should-be-sued-for-cruelty-to-audiences/20140620.htm |website=Rediff.com|access-date=26 October 2025 |quote=Even the great Satish Shah -- who has aged remarkably well, casting directors across the nation -- shows up as an ill-conceived neo-Nazi warden who is, unforgivably, slapped around by these morons. Ugh.}}</ref>
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" style="width: 17em;" | Title
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" style="width: 12em;" | Role
! scope="col" style="width: 15em;" class="unsortable"| Note
! scope="col" style="width: 2em;" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| ''[[Yeh Jo Hai Zindagi]] ''
| 1984–1986
| Various characters
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/what-made-yeh-jo-hai-zindagi-such-an-important-show/story-boYysrZZEnwgemlRVFVUFO.html|title=What made Yeh Jo Hai Zindagi such an important show|date=14 January 2016|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=7 April 2020|archive-date=25 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325122354/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/what-made-yeh-jo-hai-zindagi-such-an-important-show/story-boYysrZZEnwgemlRVFVUFO.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''Filmi Chakkar''
| 1993–1995
| Prakash Jaiswal
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/the-cast-of-filmi-chakkar-where-are-they-now-6080139/|title=The cast of Filmi Chakkar: Where are they now?|date=26 December 2019|access-date=7 April 2020|archive-date=7 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407044101/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/the-cast-of-filmi-chakkar-where-are-they-now-6080139/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''P.A. Sahab''
|1994
|P.A. Sahab
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Manimugdha S. |title=Pakistani TV shows are detergents to wash away Indian soap operas |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/parthian-shot/pakistani-tv-shows-are-detergents-to-wash-away-indian-soap-operas/ |access-date=2025-10-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|''Biwi Toh Biwi Salla Re Salla''
|1996-1997
|Dr. Raj Sethi
|
|<ref>{{Citation |title=Biwi Toh Biwi Salla Re Salla |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt14142860/ |access-date=2025-11-16}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ghar Jamai (TV series)|Ghar Jamai]]''
| 1997–1998
| Vishamber Mehra
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98jul26/sunday/filmtv.htm|title=Tribuneindia... Film and tv|website=www.tribuneindia.com|access-date=7 April 2020|archive-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114185421/http://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98jul26/sunday/filmtv.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''Top 10''
| 1999
| Host/presenter
|
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/story/19990712-popular-countdown-show-colgate-top-10-comes-back-a-full-circle-824521-1999-07-11 | title=Popular countdown show Colgate Top 10 comes back a full circle | date=12 July 1999 }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Sarabhai vs Sarabhai]]''
| 2004–2006; 2017
| [[Indravadan Sarabhai]]
|
|<ref>{{cite web | title=EXCLUSIVE: Sarabhai vs Sarabhai Take 2 cast opens up about the new season; makers hint Khichdi might return as a web series | website=India Today | date=16 May 2017 | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/what-s-hot/story/exclusive-sarabhai-vs-sarabhai-take-2-cast-opens-up-about-the-new-season-makers-hint-khichdi-might-return-as-a-web-series-lifetv-977301-2017-05-16 | access-date=19 May 2017 | archive-date=19 May 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519164901/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/exclusive-sarabhai-vs-sarabhai-take-2-cast-opens-up-about-the-new-season-makers-hint-khichdi-might-return-as-a-web-series-lifetv/1/954873.html | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20051120/spectrum/main4.htm |title=The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum |publisher=Tribuneindia.com |access-date=4 April 2020 |archive-date=22 August 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060822104217/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20051120/spectrum/main4.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Comedy Circus]]''
| 2007–2008
|Judge
|
|
|-
|''[[United Kacche]]''
|2023
|Jogu Chimanlal Patel
|
|
|}

== Awards ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Work
!Result
|-
| 1985
| [[Filmfare Awards]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role|Best Performance in a Comic Role]]
| ''[[Jaane Bhi Do Yaaro]]''
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="2"|2005
| [[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
| rowspan="3" | Best Actor in a Comic Role
| rowspan="4"|''[[Sarabhai vs Sarabhai]]''
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="2"|[[Indian Telly Awards]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| 2006
| {{won}}
|-
| 2017
| [[Indian Television Academy Award]]s
| Best Actor - Web Series
| {{won}}
|}
In 2026, he has been awarded with [[Padma Shri]] by the government of India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-25 |title=Padma Awards: Dharmendra, Satish Shah and Piyush Pandey named for posthumous honours |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/news/padma-awards-dharmendra-satish-shah-and-piyush-pandey-named-for-posthumous-honours-2026-01-25-1027431 |access-date=2026-01-25 |website=India TV News |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name}}
* {{Twitter}}
* {{discogs artist|Satish Shah}}

{{Indian Telly Award Best Comic Actor}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Shah, Satish}}
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:2025 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian comedians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian comedians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Deaths from kidney failure in India]]
[[Category:Film and Television Institute of India alumni]]
[[Category:Gujarati actors]]
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Indian male voice actors]]
[[Category:Kutchi people]]
[[Category:Male actors from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi television]]
[[Category:Male actors in Marathi cinema]]
[[Category:People from Mandvi]]
[[Category:Male actors from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Indian slapstick comedians]]

Irfan Yadwad

2026-03-22T01:07:28Z

Smartkabadi: new basic article w/ sources

{{Short description|Indian footballer (born 2001)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Irfan Yadwad
| image =
| caption =
| fullname = Irfan Yadwad<ref name=isl>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/players/forward-182722-irfan-yadwad-profile |title=Irfan Yadwad |publisher=Indian Super League}}</ref>
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2001|6|19|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Goa]], India
| height = 1.83 m
| position = [[Forward (association football)|Forward]]
| currentclub = [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
| clubnumber = 19
| youthyears1 = 2018–2020
| youthclubs1 = [[SC de Goa]]
| years1 = 2021–2022
| clubs1 = [[Panjim Footballers]]
| caps1 = 36
| goals1 = 18
| years2 = 2022–2023
| clubs2 = [[FC Bengaluru United|Bengaluru United]]
| caps2 = 16
| goals2 = 14
| years3 = 2023–
| clubs3 = [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
| caps3 = 42
| goals3 = 8
| years4 = 2024
| clubs4 = [[Chennaiyin FC Reserves and Academy|Chennaiyin B]]
| caps4 = 2
| goals4 = 2
| nationalyears1 = 2024–
| nationalteam1 = [[India national football team|India]]
| nationalcaps1 = 7
| nationalgoals1 = 0
| club-update = 16:30, 9 March 2025 (UTC)
| nationalteam-update = 22:00, 8 September 2025 (UTC)
| medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry|{{fb|IND}}}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[CAFA Nations Cup]]}}
{{Medal|3rd|[[2025 CAFA Nations Cup|2025 Tajikistan–Uzbekistan]]|[[2025 CAFA Nations Cup squads#India|Team]]}}
}}
'''Irfan Yadwad''' (born 19 June 2001) is an Indian professional [[Association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[Forward (association football)|forward]] for [[Indian Super League]] club [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]] and the [[India national football team|India national team]].<ref name="intc">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/sandesh-jhingan-returns-to-india-probables-irfan-yadwad-earns-debut-call-up-for-malaysia-friendly/articleshow/114975591.cms |title=Sandesh Jhingan returns to India probables, Irfan Yadwad earns debut call-up for Malaysia friendly |website= The Times of India |date=5 November 2024 }}</ref>

==International career==
On 5 November 2024, Yadwad was included in [[India national football team|India's]] 26-member probable squad for a [[Exhibition game|friendly]] against [[Malaysia national football team|Malaysia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/manolo-marquez-names-26-probables-for-malaysia-friendly|title=Manolo Márquez names 26 probables for Malaysia friendly|date=5 November 2024|website=AIFF}}</ref> On 18 November 2024, he made his international debut in a 1–1 draw against Malaysia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/rahul-bhekes-fiery-header-helps-india-draw-1-1-with-malaysia|title=Rahul Bheke's fiery header helps India draw 1-1 with Malaysia|date=18 November 2024|website=AIFF}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Yadwad was born in [[South Goa district|South Goa]]. His father works as a [[Carpentry|carptener]] and was a former footballer himself, but he only played in local tournaments.

In 2019, Yadwad endured a [[Meniscus tear|meniscus injury]] in a local tournament in [[Chandor]], Goa. He was out for three months and was asked to contemplate quitting the sport but he recovered from the injury, thanks to relentless support from his father.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/isl-2024-25-chennaiyin-fc-vs-east-bengal-irfan-yadwad-career-interview-maiden-india-call-up/article68954947.ece|title=ISL 2024-25: From almost quitting football to getting maiden India call-up, Chennaiyin's Irfan only wants to look ahead|date=6 December 2024|website=Sportstar}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/irfan-yadwad-rises-from-injury-to-become-an-india-international/articleshow/115604863.cms|title=Irfan Yadwad rises from injury to become an India international|date=23 November 2024|website=Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/sports/football/irfan-yadwad-blazing-his-own-path-1210584.html|title=Irfan Yadwad blazing his own path|date=18 April 2023|website=Deccan Herald}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/who-irfan-yadwad-chennaiyin-fc-s-new-striker-signing|title=Who is Irfan Yadwad – Chennaiyin FC's new striker signing|date=1 July 2023|website=Sportskeeda}}</ref>

== Career statistics ==
=== Club ===
{{updated|11 December 2024}}<ref>{{soccerway|irfan-yadwad/927545}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Club
!rowspan="2"|Season
!colspan="3"|League
!colspan="2"|National Cup
!colspan="2"|League Cup
!colspan="2"|[[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]]
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
| rowspan="1" |[[FC Bengaluru United|Bengaluru United]]
|{{Nowrap|[[2022–23 I-League 2nd Division|2022–23]]}}
|[[I-League 2]]
|11||13|| colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—||11||13
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
|[[2023–24 Chennaiyin FC season|2023–24]]
|[[Indian Super League]]
|17||1||3{{efn|name=SuperCup|Appearance(s) in [[Super Cup (India)|Super Cup]]}}||1||3{{efn|name=DurandCup|Appearance(s) in [[Durand Cup]]}}||0|| colspan="2" |—||23||2
|-
|[[2024–25 Chennaiyin FC season|2024–25]]
|Indian Super League
|12||2|| colspan="2" |—||3{{efn|name=DurandCup}}||0|| colspan="2" |—||15||2
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
!29!!3!!3!!1!!6!!0!!0!!0!!38!!4
|-
|[[Chennaiyin FC Reserves and Academy|Chennaiyin B]]
|[[2024 Reliance Foundation Development League|2024]]
|[[Reliance Foundation Development League|RFDL]]
|2||0|| colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—||2||0
|-
! colspan="3" |Career total
!42!!16!!3!!1!!6!!0!!0!!0!!51!!17
|}
{{notelist}}

===International===
{{updated|8 September 2025}}<ref name="NFTprofile">{{NFT|96597}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[India national football team|India]]
|2024||1||0
|-
|2025||6||0
|-
! colspan="2" |Total!!7!!0
|}

== Honours ==
'''Panjim Footballers'''
* [[Goa Police Cup]]: 2021

'''Bengaluru United'''
* [[Stafford Challenge Cup]]: 2023

==References==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yadwad, Irfan}}
[[Category:2001 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:India men's international footballers]]
[[Category:Footballers from Goa]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from South Goa district]]
[[Category:Men's association football forwards]]
[[Category:Chennaiyin FC players]]
[[Category:Indian Super League players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]

{{India-footy-forward-stub}}

Jeppiaar Institute of Technology

2026-03-19T15:58:11Z

Smartkabadi: updated page

{{Short description|Public technical university in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu}}

{{Article for deletion/dated|page=Jeppiaar Institute of Technology|timestamp=20260319155811|year=2026|month=March|day=19|substed=yes|help=off}}


{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{advert|date=February 2011}}
{{Unreferenced|date=January 2026}}
}}
{{Infobox University
| name = Jeppiaar Institute of Technology (Autonomous)
| native_name =
| latin_name =
| image =
| motto =
| established = {{start date and age|2011}}
| type = Self Financing
| endowment =
| staff =
| faculty =
| director = Dr. N. Marie Wilson
| provost =
| principal = Dr. J.Venugopala krishnan
| founder = Dr. [[Jeppiaar]]
| chairman = Col. Dr. Jeppiaar
| vice_chancellor =
| dean =
| head_label =
| head =
| students =
| undergrad =
| postgrad =
| doctoral =
| city = [[Chennai]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| country = India
| campus =
| free_label =
| free =
| colours =
| mascot =
| nickname =
| affiliations = [[Anna University]]
| website = [https://www.jeppiaarinstitute.org/]
| coor = {{coord|12.889619|79.872349|type:_region:|display=inline,title}}
}}

'''Jeppiaar Institute of Technology''' ('''JIT''') is a technical engineering college in [[Kunnam taluk|Kunnam]], [[Kanchipuram district]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India. It was found in 2011 by Jeppiaar Educational Trust, an organization created by the [[educationist]] Colonel Dr. Jeppiaar in 1987. The college is affiliated to [[Anna University]].

==Certifications==
The Institute has been certified by the Management System Certification.

==Academic departments==
The college consists of several academic departments that include:
*B.E - COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
*B.E - ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
*B.E - ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
*B.E - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
*B.TECH - INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
*B.TECH - ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND DATA SCIENCE
*M.B.A - MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

==Facilities==
The college provides separate hostel facilities for male and female students, and a number of extra and co-curricular activities such as sports and clubs.

==Scholarships==
Scholarships are awarded to students to encourage merit and to make education accessible to students from all economic classes.
==Initiatives==
===JIT Sports Academy===

JIT Sports Academy was established in 2011.

===JIT Global Solutions===

===Jeppiaar Foundation===

The Jeppiaar Foundation aims to provide education to underprivileged and meritorious students.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Education in Tamil Nadu}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jeppiaar Institute of Technology}}
[[Category:Engineering colleges in Chennai]]
[[Category:Colleges affiliated to Anna University]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 2011]]
[[Category:2011 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]

Saathi (TV series)

2026-03-15T21:01:16Z

Smartkabadi:

{{short description|Indian Bengali television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Saathi Sun Bangla.jpg
| image_alt =
| genre = [[Drama]]
| creator = Friends Communication
| based_on =
| developer = Friends Communication
| writer = {{Ubl | '''Dialogues''' | Sudip Pal}}
| story = Sudip Pal
| director = Akash Sen
| creative_director =
| starring = {{Ubl
| [[Anumita Dutta]]
| [[Indrajeet Bose]]
| [[Anmary Tom]]
}}
| theme_music_composer = {{Ubl
| Debajyoti Mishra
| Samidh Mukherjee
}}
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Bengali
| num_seasons = 2
| num_episodes = 906
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer = {{Ubl
| Sumana Biswas (Friends Communication)
| Puja ([[Sun Bangla]])
}}
| producer = {{Ubl
| [[Firdausul Hasan]]
| Probal Haldar
}}
| cinematography =
| editor = {{Ubl
| Krishnendu Ghosh
| Shekhar Ghosh
}}
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 21 minutes
| company = Friends Communication
| network = [[Sun Bangla]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2022|02|07|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2024|08|03|df=y}}
| endtheme =
| opentheme = ''"Oh Oh Oh Ohhh Saathi Re"''
}}

'''''Saathi''''' ({{translation|Partner}}) is a 2022 [[India]]n [[Bengali Language]] [[Drama]] television series which premiered on 7 February 2022 on the Bengali general entertainment channel [[Sun Bangla]]. The show was produced by Firdausul Hasan and Probal Haldar of ''Friends Communication'' and stars Anumita Dutta and Indrajeet Bose. It was a remake of the Tamil Television series ''[[Roja (Tamil TV series)|Roja]]''. It was the longest-running serial on [[Sun Bangla]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-13 |title="সাথী সিরিয়াল" রোজ রাত ৮ টায় Sun Bangla চ্যানেলে - বিনোদন |url=https://www.binodon.in/saathi-serial-sun-bangla/ |access-date=2022-03-28 |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=সকলের প্রিয় পান্ডব গোয়েন্দার বাচ্চু এবার ফিরছে পর্দায়, প্রকাশ্যে নতুন ধারাবাহিক সাথী-র প্রোমো |url=https://bangla.asianetnews.com/bengali-cinema/sun-bangla-new-bengali-upcoming-serial-sathi-promo-out-bjc-r58q93 |work=Asianetnewsbangla |access-date=16 January 2022 |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-11 |title=আসছে নতুন সিরিয়াল, পর্দায় ফিরছেন জি বাংলার জনপ্রিয় নায়িকা, রইলো প্রোমো |url=https://ichorepaka.in/sun-bangla-new-serial-saathi/ |access-date=2022-03-28 |website=Entertainment News in Bengali, Latest Tollywood and Bollywood news in Bangla |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-11 |title=মিঠাই কে হারাতে আসছে সান বাংলার নতুন সিরিয়াল 'সাথী'! পর্দায় ফিরছেন জি বাংলার জনপ্রিয় নায়িকা! দেখে নিন প্রমো |url=https://www.kolkatajournal.com/entertainment-news/bengali-serial/everyones-favorite-actress-is-returning-to-the-screen-after-a-long-break-watch-the-promo-video-12088 |access-date=2022-03-28 |website=Kolkata Journal |language=bn }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [https://m.imdb.com/name/nm14878760/ Ahamed Naim] artist

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* [[Anumita Dutta]] as Sumedha Sanyal (née Banerjee) aka Brishti: Om's wife, Ananda's foster daughter.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Actress Anumita Dutta on her upcoming show ‘Saathi’ and much more |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/lifestyle/actress-anumita-dutta-on-her-upcoming-show-saathi-and-much-more/cid/1847635 |access-date=2023-05-20 |newspaper=The Telegraph|location=India|date=15 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sathi: পাণ্ডব গোয়েন্দার ‘বাবলু’দাকে ছেড়ে বিয়ের পিঁড়িতে ‘বাচ্চু’! পাত্র কে? |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/new-mega-serial-sathi-directed-by-anshuman-pratyush-to-release-soon-dgtl/cid/1323748 |access-date=2022-03-28 |website=www.anandabazar.com|language=bn}}</ref>(Dead)
* [[Indrajeet Bose]] as
** Om Sanyal: Brishti's husband, Alokesh's son.
** Ivaan Chowdhury - Om's lookalike, Om and Brishti's son and Meghla's husband.
* [[Annmary Tom]] as Meghla Chowdhury (née Sanyal): Om and Brishti's Assumed Daughter turned Daughter-in-law, Ivaan's wife.

=== Recurring ===
* Debdut Ghosh as Ananda Thakur - owner of Ananda orphanage, Brishti's foster father.
* Tania Kar as Madhuri Banerjee - Brishti's mother.
* Goutam Sarkar / [[Kushal Chakraborty]] as Alokesh Sanyal - Om's father. (dead)
* Piyali Mitra as Promita Sanyal - Om's mother, Alokesh's wife (Dead)
* Rumki Chatterjee as Swarnomoyi Sanyal - Om's grandmother. (Dead)
* Anindita Das as Madhushree - Ashish's Wife
* Megha Mondal / Srabanti Banerjee as Esha - Om's sister.
* Shirin Roy / [[Sreyasri Roy]] as Priyanka
* [[Rupsa Chatterjee]] / Rupa Bhattacharjee as Satobhisa Sen
* Disha Roychowdhury as Mahua - Om's aunt
* Anirban Ghosh as Arnab - Om's uncle
* Atri Bhattacharya as Rabi - Om's assistant, Esha's Husband
* Sankar Sanku Chakrabarty as Tarun - Alokesh's PA.
* Arnab Bhadra as Goutam Chowdhury - Ivaan's father.
* Rumpa Chatterjee as Sujata Chowdhury - Ivaan's mother.
* Mrittika Chakraborty as Srija - Ashish And Madhushree's Daughter
*Rajesh Kr Chattopadhyay as Kingshuk
* Ujani Dasgupta as Titli - Mahua's Daughter
* Ashmita Chakraborty as Raika - Kingshuk's (Husband of Titli) Brother's Daughter
* Leeza Goswami as Piyali - Ivaan's sister
* Puja Dutta as Mitali - Ivaan's sister
* Koyel Sanchari as Chapala - Maid of Sanyal House

== Adaptations ==
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-right:0;"
|- style="color:white"
! style="background:#7b0c0c; "| Language
! style="background:#7b0c0c; "| Title
! style="background:#7b0c0c; "| Original release
! style="background:#7b0c0c; "| Network(s)
! style="background:#7b0c0c; "| Last aired
! style="background:#7b0c0c; "| Notes
! style="background:#7b0c0c; "| Ref.
|-
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| ''[[Roja (2018 TV series)|Roja]]'' ''ரோஜா''
| 9 April 2018
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| 3 December 2022
| Original
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/cast-and-crew-of-tv-serial-roja-rejoice-as-it-completes-300-episodes/articleshow/68892621.cms|title=Cast and crew of TV serial Roja rejoice as it completes 300 episodes|website=The Times of India|access-date=4 December 2022}}</ref>
|-
| [[Kannada]]
| ''[[Sevanthi (TV series)|Sevanthi]]'' ''ಸೇವಂತಿ''
| 25 February 2019
| [[Udaya TV]]
| Ongoing
| rowspan="6"| Remake
| <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/sevanthi-celebrates-a-milestone-600-episodes/articleshow/83278019.cms|title=Sevanthi celebrates a milestone 600 episodes|newspaper=The Times of India|date=6 June 2021|access-date=20 May 2023}}</ref>
|-
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| ''[[Roja (2019 TV series)|Roja]]'' ''రోజా''
| 11 March 2019
| [[Gemini TV]]
| 27 March 2020
| <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/telugu-remake-of-roja-to-launch-soon/articleshow/68151974.cms|title=Telugu remake of 'Roja' to launch soon|date=25 February 2019|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=11 November 2019}}</ref>
|-
| [[Hindi]]
| ''[[Sindoor Ki Keemat]]'' ''सिंदूर की कीमत''
| 18 October 2021
| [[Dangal (TV channel)|Dangal TV]]
| 29 April 2023
| <ref>{{cite web|title=Exclusive: Newbie Vaibhavi Hankare to play the lead in Gul Khan's next for Dangal|url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/exclusive-newbie-vaibhavi-hankare-to-play-the-lead-in-gul-khans-next-for-dangal/2021/08/12|work=IWMBuzz|date=12 August 2021|access-date=12 August 2021}}</ref>
|-
| [[Malayalam]]
| ''[[Kaliveedu (TV series)|Kaliveedu]]'' ''കളിവീട്''
| 15 November 2021
| [[Surya TV]]
| 22 September 2024
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/new-daily-soap-palunku-to-launch-soon-thej-gowda-and-khushi-to-make-their-tv-debut/articleshow/87756247.cms|title=New daily soap 'Palunku' to launch soon; Thej Gowda and Khushi to make their TV debut|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=13 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
| [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| ''Saathi'' ''সাথী''
| 7 February 2022
| [[Sun Bangla]]
| 3 August 2024
| <ref>{{cite web|title=Actress Anumita Dutta on her upcoming show 'Saathi' and much more|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/lifestyle/actress-anumita-dutta-on-her-upcoming-show-saathi-and-much-more/cid/1847635|work=My Kolkata|access-date=23 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| ''[[Tharala Tar Mag!]]'' ''ठरलं तर मग!''
| 5 December 2022
| [[Star Pravah]]
| Ongoing
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/dharma-yoddha-garud-fame-amit-bhanushali-returns-to-marathi-tv-after-9-years-with-tharla-tar-mag/articleshow/95638965.cms|title=Dharma Yoddha Garud fame Amit Bhanushali returns to Marathi TV after 9 years with Tharla Tar Mag|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 December 2022}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.sunnxt.com/bengali-tv/detail/133250/0/saathi?carouselAction= ''Saathi''] at [[Sun NXT]]

[[Category:Bengali-language television programming in India]]
[[Category:Sun Bangla original programming]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Bengali-language television series based on Tamil-language television series]]

Nikul C. Desai

2026-03-14T19:22:50Z

Smartkabadi: Created The Post More To Come

{{Short description|Indian television director}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nikul C. Desai
| image =
| occupation = [[Television director]]
| years_active = 2001–present
}}

'''Nikul C. Desai''' is an Indian television director, known for directing shows such as ''[[Rising Star (Indian TV series)|Rising Star]]'', ''[[Comedy Circus]]'', ''[[Comedy Nights Bachao]]'' and ''[[Entertainment Ki Raat]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Keshri |first=Shweta |last2= |first2= |last3= |first3= |title=Entertainment Ki Raat review: Too many cooks spoil a potentially good show |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reviews/story/entertainment-ki-raat-review-too-many-cooks-spoil-a-potentially-good-show-lifetv-1090491-2017-11-20 |access-date=2022-06-09 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> He is also the creative producer and nonfiction content head at Optimystix Entertainment.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Nikul Desai: The process of making a non-fiction show is evolving – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/nikul-desai-the-process-of-making-a-non-fiction-show-is-evolving/articleshow/79289429.cms |access-date=2022-06-09 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ALL GROWN UP – Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/all-grown-up/570547/0 |access-date=2022-06-09 |website=archive.indianexpress.com}}</ref>

== Early life and career ==
Nikul was born into a [[Jainism in Gujarat|Gujarati Jain]] family.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Kar |first=Madhurima |title=Nikul Desai on the need to marry TV screen with the mobile screen – Adgully.com |url=https://www.adgully.com/nikul-desai-on-the-need-to-marry-tv-screen-with-the-mobile-screen-116305.html |access-date=2022-06-09 |website=www.adgully.com |language=en-US}}</ref> He started off his career as an assistant director at Optimystix Entertainment in 2001.<ref name=":1" />

In 2006, Nikul was working as an associate director in a television series. He received his first break as a full-time television director when the existing director of a show fell ill.<ref name=":0" />

Nikul shot to fame after directing ''[[Comedy Circus]]'', that ran for eighteen seasons between 2007 and 2018 on [[Sony Entertainment Television]]. He is credited for having introduced comedians like [[Kapil Sharma]], [[Krushna Abhishek]], [[Bharti Singh]], and [[Sudesh Lehri]] to audiences.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

His recent show as a director, [[Taare Zameen Par (TV series)|Taare Zameen Par]], was a kid singing reality show that aired on [[StarPlus]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sing |first=Shikha |date=4 July 2020 |title=Optimystix Entertainment finding creative ways to maintain social distancing on air |url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/production-house/film-production/optimystix-entertainment-finding-creative-ways-to-maintain-social-distancing-on-air-200704 |website=Indian Television}}</ref> The series was hosted by the child actress Aakriti Sharma and singer [[Sugandha Mishra]] with [[Shankar Mahadevan]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shankar Mahadevan to judge the Indian version of Rising Star – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/shankar-mahadevan-to-judge-the-indian-version-of-rising-star/articleshow/54892565.cms |access-date=2022-06-09 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> [[Jonita Gandhi]] and [[Tony Kakkar]] as the mentors.<ref name=":0" /> Nikul is currently directing the ongoing daily nonfiction show on [[Sony SAB|Sab TV]] titled – Good Night India.<ref name=":1" />

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Show
!Channel
!Role
|-
| rowspan="4" |2009
|''Chichpokli To China''
| rowspan="3" |[[Sony Entertainment Television]]
| rowspan="21" |[[Creative director]]
|-
|''Comedy Circus 20-20''
|-
|''[[Dekh India Dekh]]''
|-
|''Laughter Ke Phatke''
|[[Star One (Indian TV channel)|Star One]]
|-
| rowspan="5" |2010
|''Comedy Circus Ka Mahasangram''
| rowspan="10" |[[Sony Entertainment Television]]
|-
|''[[Comedy Circus Ke Superstars]]''
|-
|''Comedy Circus Ka Daily Soap''
|-
|''[[Comedy Circus Ka Jadoo]]''
|-
|''[[Jubilee Comedy Circus]]''
|-
| rowspan="2" |2011
|''[[Comedy Circus Ke Taansen]]''
|-
|''Comedy Circus Ke Naya Daur''
|-
| rowspan="6" |2012
|''[[Comedy Circus Ke Ajoobe]]''
|-
|''[[Kahani Comedy Circus Ki]]''
|-
|''[[Comedy Circus Ke Mahabali]]''
|-
|''Uthe Sabke Kadam''
|[[Sony SAB]]
|-
|''[[Comedy Circus Ke Ajoobe]]''
|[[Sony Entertainment Television]]
|-
|''Dirty Khabar''
|[[Sony Max]]
|-
|2014
|''[[Comedy Classes]]''
|[[Life OK]]
|-
|2015
|''[[Comedy Nights Bachao]]''
| rowspan="2" |[[Colors TV]]
|-
|2016
|''[[Comedy Nights Live]]''
|-
| rowspan="3" |2017
|''Comedy Dangal''
|[[And TV]]
|-
|''[[Entertainment Ki Raat]]''
| rowspan="2" |[[Colors TV]]
| rowspan="3" |Creative Producer
|-
|''[[Rising Star (Indian TV series)]]''
|-
|2018
|''[[Sabse Smart Kaun]]''
| rowspan="2" |[[StarPlus]]
|-
|2020
|[[Taare Zameen Par (TV series)|Taare Zameen Par]]
|Director
|-
|2021
|Good Night India
|[[Sony Entertainment Television]]
|Creative Producer
|-
|2025
|[[Pati Patni Aur Panga – Jodiyon Ka Reality Check]]
|[[Colors TV]]
|Creative Producer
|}

== Awards ==

* 2018: [[Indian Television Academy Awards]]<ref>{{Citation |title=The Reality Check {{!}} The ITAAwards 2018 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MAU_CBfWC7A |language=en |access-date=2022-06-09}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb name|id=9578245}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Desai, Nikul C.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian television directors]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]

National Film Award for Best Animation Film

2026-03-12T14:14:24Z

Smartkabadi:

{{Short description|Indian film award}}
{{About|the Indian award for non-feature films|the current award for feature films|National Film Award for Best Film in AVGC|the former award for animated feature films|National Film Award for Best Animated Film}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox award
| name = National Film Award for Best Animation Film
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| subheader = National award for contributions to non-feature film
| awarded_for =
| sponsor = [[National Film Development Corporation of India]]
| firstawarded = 1967
| reward = {{ubl|Rajat Kamal (Silver Lotus)|{{INR|2,00,000}}}}
| former name =
| holder_label = Most recent winner
| holder = ''A Coconut Tree'' (2022)
}}

The '''National Film Award for Best Animation Film''' is one of the [[National Film Awards]] presented annually by the [[National Film Development Corporation of India]]. It is one of several awards presented for non-feature films and awarded with Golden Lotus (Swarna Kamal).

The award was instituted in 1967, at [[15th National Film Awards]]<ref name="15thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/15th_nff_1967.pdf|title=15th National Film Awards|publisher=International Film Festival of India|access-date=21 September 2011|page=2}}</ref> and awarded annually for films produced in the year across the country, in all Indian languages.

== Awards ==

All the awardees are awarded with 'Rajat Kamal' (Silver Lotus Award) and cash prize. Award winners include Producer, Director and [[Animator]] of the film.

Cash prize amount varied over the period. Following table illustrates the cash prize amount over the years:

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:80%"
|-
! style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"| Year (Period)
! style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"| Cash prize
|-
| 1967–1973
| Producer: A Medal and {{INRConvert|5|k}} Director: A Plaque and {{INRConvert|2|k}}
|-
| 1974–1976
| Producer: Rajat Kamal and {{INRConvert|5|k}} Director: Rajat Kamal and {{INRConvert|4|k}}
|-
| 1977–1980
| Producer: Rajat Kamal and {{INRConvert|5|k}} Director: Rajat Kamal and {{INRConvert|5|k}} Animator: Rajat Kamal and {{INRConvert|4|k}}
|-
| 1981–1983
| Producer, Director and Animator: Rajat Kamal and {{INRConvert|5|k}} Each
|-
| 1982–2005
| Producer, Director and Animator: Rajat Kamal and {{INRConvert|10|k}} Each
|-
| 2006–2021
| Producer, Director and Animator: Rajat Kamal and {{INRConvert|50|k}} Each
|-
|2022–present
|Producer, Director and Animator: Rajat Kamal and {{INRConvert|2|l}} Each
|}

Following are the winners over the years:

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|bgcolor="#EBEBE0" width=30| ||Indicates a joint award for that year
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%"
! colspan="7" | List of award films, showing the year (award ceremony), language(s), producer(s), director(s) and animator(s)
|-
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:7%;"| Year
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:16%;"| Film(s)
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:10%;"| Language(s)
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:13%;"| Producer(s)
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:13%;"| Director(s)
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:13%;"| Animator(s)
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:3%;" class="unsortable" |{{Tooltip|Refs.|Reference}}
|-
| align="center"| [[15th National Film Awards|1967 {{small|(15th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Inquiry''
| Music only
| C. T. Baptista
| C. T. Baptista
|
| align="center"|<ref name="15thawardPDF"/>
|-
| align="center"| [[16th National Film Awards|1968 {{small|(16th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Nag Aur Kauwa''
| [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| [[Children's Film Society, India|Children's Film Society]]
| S. B. Nayampally
|
| align="center"|<ref name="16thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/99_16thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=16th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=27 March 2022|page=3}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[17th National Film Awards|1969 {{small|(17th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Umbrella''
| English
| G. K. Gokhale {{small|for}} [[Films Division of India|Films Division]]
| B. R. Shendge
|
| align="center"|<ref name="17thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/98_17thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=17th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=27 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[18th National Film Awards|1970 {{small|(18th)}}]]
| colspan="5" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center"|<ref name="18thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/97_18thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=18th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=27 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[19th National Film Awards|1971 {{small|(19th)}}]]
| colspan="5" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center"|
|-
| align="center"| [[20th National Film Awards|1972 {{small|(20th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''You Said It''
| English
| [[Prasad Studios|Prasad Productions]]
| [[Ram Mohan]]
|
| align="center"|<ref name="20thaward">{{cite web|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm20thNFAAward.aspx|title=20th National Film Awards|publisher=International Film Festival of India|access-date=26 September 2011|page=4|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105220349/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm20thNFAAward.aspx|archive-date=5 November 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[21st National Film Awards|1973 {{small|(21st)}}]]
| colspan="5" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center"|<ref name="21stawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/95_21stNfacatalogue.pdf|title=21st National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=27 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[22nd National Film Awards|1974 {{small|(22nd)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Synthesis''
| English
| B. R. Shendge
| A. R. Sen and B. R. Dohling
|
| align="center"|<ref name="22ndawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/94_22ndNfacatalogue.pdf|title=22nd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=27 March 2022|page=28}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[23rd National Film Awards|1975 {{small|(23rd)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Business is People''
| English
| Akbar Films
| [[Kantilal Rathod]]
|
| align="center"|
|-
| align="center"| [[24th National Film Awards|1976 {{small|(24th)}}]]
| colspan="5" |
| align="center"|
|-
| align="center"| [[25th National Film Awards|1977 {{small|(25th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Prakriti Ka Niyam''
| Hindi
| G. P. Asthana
| B. R. Shendge
| V. G. Samant
| align="center"|<ref name="25thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/92_25thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=25th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=27 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[26th National Film Awards|1978 {{small|(26th)}}]]
| colspan="5" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center"|<ref name="26thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/91_26thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=26th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=27 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[27th National Film Awards|1979 {{small|(27th)}}]]
| colspan="5" |
| align="center"|
|-
| align="center"| [[28th National Film Awards|1980 {{small|(28th)}}]]
| colspan="5" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center"|<ref name="28thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/89_28thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=28th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=27 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[29th National Film Awards|1981 {{small|(29th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''The Thinker?''
| English
| B. R. Shendge
| A. R. Sen
| M. Paralkar
| align="center"|<ref name="29thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/88_29thNfacatalogue.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|title=29th National Film Awards|access-date=27 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[30th National Film Awards|1982 {{small|(30th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Raju and Tinku''
| English
| Children's Film Society
| Ajoy Kumar Chakrabarty
| Ajoy Kumar Chakrabarty
| align="center"|<ref name="30thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/87_30thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=30th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=27 March 2022}}</ref>
|- style="background-color:#EBEBE0"
| align="center" rowspan="2" | [[31st National Film Awards|1983 {{small|(31st)}}]]
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0E0D1" | ''Fire Games''
| English
| Ranabir Ray
| [[Ram Mohan]]
| Naik Satam and Bapu Parulekar
| align="center" rowspan="2" |<ref name="31stawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/86_31stNfacatalogue.pdf|title=31st National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=27 March 2022}}</ref>
|- style="background-color:#EBEBE0"
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0E0D1" | ''A Race With Death''
| English
| B. R. Shedge
| Yash Choudhary
| V. G. Samant and V. K. Wankhede
|-
| align="center"| [[32nd National Film Awards|1984 {{small|(32nd)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''National Highway''
| English
| [[National Institute of Design]]
| R. N. Mistry
| R. N. Mistry
| align="center"|<ref name="32ndawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/85_32ndNfacatalogue.pdf|title=32nd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=27 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[33rd National Film Awards|1985 {{small|(33rd)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Karuna Ki Vijay''
| Hindi
| Children's Film Society
| K. S. Bansod
| K. S. Bansod
| align="center"|<ref name="33rdawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/84_33rdNfacatalogue.pdf|title=33rd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=27 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[34th National Film Awards|1986 {{small|(34th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''A. B. See''
| English
| P. B. Pendharkar
| Arun Gongade
| Arun Gongade
| align="center"|<ref name="34thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/83_34thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=34th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[35th National Film Awards|1987 {{small|(35th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''End Game''
| English
| B. R. Shendge
| Arun Gongade
| Arun Gongade
| align="center"|<ref name="35thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/82_35thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=35th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=27 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[36th National Film Awards|1988 {{small|(36th)}}]]
| colspan="5" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center"|<ref name="36thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/81_36thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=36th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[37th National Film Awards|1989 {{small|(37th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''My Tree''
| Music only
| Vijay B. Chandra
| B. R. Shendge and R. R. Swamy
| R. R. Swamy and V. S. Shankardas
| align="center"|<ref name="37thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/80_37thNfacatalogue.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|title=37th National Film Awards|access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[38th National Film Awards|1990 {{small|(38th)}}]]
| colspan="5" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center"|<ref name="38thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/79_38thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=38th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[39th National Film Awards|1991 {{small|(39th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Ballu Shah''
| Hindi
| Children's Film Society
| Rajesh Aggarwal
| S. M. Hasan
| align="center"|<ref name="39thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/78_39ndNfacatalogue.pdf|title=39th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref>
|- style="background-color:#EBEBE0"
| align="center" rowspan="2" | [[40th National Film Awards|1992 {{small|(40th)}}]]
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0E0D1" | ''Gaaye Ki Sachai''
| Hindi
| Climb Films and N'CYP
| [[Bhimsain]]
| Bhimsain
| align="center" rowspan="2" |<ref name="40thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/77_40thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=40th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref>
|- style="background-color:#EBEBE0"
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0E0D1" | ''The Threads''
| English
| B. R. Shendge
| Girish Rao
| Girish Rao
|-
| align="center"| [[41st National Film Awards|1993 {{small|(41st)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Chetak''
| Hindi
| N'CYP
| V. G. Samant
| V. G. Samant
| align="center"|<ref name="41stawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/76_41stNfacatalogue.pdf|title=41st National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[42nd National Film Awards|1994 {{small|(42nd)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Mahagiri''
| Hindi
| [[Bhimsain]]
| [[Kireet Khurana]]
| S. M. Hasan
| align="center"|<ref name="42ndawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/75_42ndNfacatalogue.pdf|title=42nd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[43rd National Film Awards|1995 {{small|(43rd)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''O''
| English
| [[Bhimsain]]
| Kireet Khurana
| [[Kireet Khurana]]
| align="center"|<ref name="43rdawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/74_43rdNfacatalogue.pdf|title=43rd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[44th National Film Awards|1996 {{small|(44th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''The Lost Horizon''
| Music only
| Arun Gongade
| Arun Gongade
| Arun Gongade
| align="center"|<ref name="44thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/73_44thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=44th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[45th National Film Awards|1997 {{small|(45th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Trade: Commerce''
| Music only
| [[Bhimsain]]
| [[Kireet Khurana]]
|
| align="center"|<ref name="45thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/72_45thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=45th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[46th National Film Awards|1998 {{small|(46th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Education Only Her Future''
| Music only
| Arun Gongade
| Arun Gongade
| Arun Gongade
| align="center"|<ref name="46thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/71_46thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=46th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[47th National Film Awards|1999 {{small|(47th)}}]]
| colspan="5" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center"|<ref name="47thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/70_47thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=47th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[48th National Film Awards|2000 {{small|(48th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''The Landscape''
| Music only
| Bankim {{small|for}} Films Division
| [[Ravi Jadhav]] {{small|for}} Films Division
|
| align="center"|<ref name="48thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/69_48thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=48th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[49th National Film Awards|2001 {{small|(49th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''The Pink Camel''
| Hindi
| Children's Film Society
| Paushali Ganguli
| Paushali Ganguli
| align="center"|<ref name="49thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/68_49thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=49th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[50th National Film Awards|2002 {{small|(50th)}}]]
| colspan="5" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center"|<ref name="50thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/67_50thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=50th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[51st National Film Awards|2003 {{small|(51st)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Jeo Aur Jeene Do''
| Hindi
| Children's Film Society
| B. R. Sarnaik
| Harshad Sayeed Noori
| align="center"|<ref name="51thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/66_51stNfacatalogue.pdf|title=51th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[52nd National Film Awards|2004 {{small|(52nd)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Raju and I''
| English and Hindi
| Aseema Charitable Trust
| Gayatri Rao
| Chetan Sharma
| align="center"|<ref name="52ndawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/50_52thNfacatalogue%20-%20.pdf|title=52nd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[53rd National Film Awards|2005 {{small|(53rd)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Kachua Aur Khargosh''
| Hindi
| Ramesh Sharma and [[Uma Gajapathi Raju|Uma Gajapati Raju]]
| C. B. Arun
| Moving Picture Company
| align="center"|<ref name="53rdawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/49_53Nfacatalogue-%20.pdf|title=53rd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[54th National Film Awards|2006 {{small|(54th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Nokpokliba''
| English
| Children's Film Society
| Meren Imchen
|
| align="center"|<ref name="54thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/48_54sthNfaArchives.pdf|title=54th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[55th National Film Awards|2007 {{small|(55th)}}]]
| colspan="5" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
|<ref name="55thawardPDF">{{cite web |title=55th National Film Awards |url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/47_55Nfacatalogue-%20.pdf |access-date=28 March 2022 |publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[56th National Film Awards|2008 {{small|(56th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Prince and The Crown of Stones''
| English
| Children's Film Society
| Gautam Benegal
| Gautam Benegal
| align="center"|<ref name="56thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/46_56thNfacatalogue%20-%20.pdf|title=56th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[57th National Film Awards|2009 {{small|(57th)}}]]
| colspan="5" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center"|<ref name="57thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/45_57thNfacatalogue%20-%20.pdf|title=57th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[58th National Film Awards|2010 {{small|(58th)}}]]
| colspan="5" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center"|<ref name="58thawarddff">{{cite web|title=58th National Film Awards, 2010|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/44_58thNfacatalogue%20-%20.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[59th National Film Awards|2011 {{small|(59th)}}]]
| colspan="5" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center"|<ref name="59thawarddff">{{cite web|title=59th National Film Awards, 2010|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/43_59thNfacatalogue%20-%20.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[60th National Film Awards|2012 {{small|(60th)}}]]
| colspan="5" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center"|<ref name="60thawarddff">{{cite web|title=60th National Film Awards, 2010|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/42_60thNfacatalogue-%20.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[61st National Film Awards|2013 {{small|(61st)}}]]
| colspan="5" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center"|<ref name="61staward">{{cite web|title=61st National Film Awards|url=http://www.dff.nic.in/List%20of%20Awards.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|date=16 April 2014|access-date=16 April 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416181218/http://www.dff.nic.in/List%20of%20Awards.pdf|archive-date=16 April 2014}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[62nd National Film Awards|2014 {{small|(62nd)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Sound of Joy''
| English
| Aura Cinematics
| Sukankan Roy
| Rishi Sahany
| align="center"|<ref name="62ndaward">{{cite press_release|title=62nd National Film Awards|url=http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/62nd%20National%20Film%20Awards%202014%20-%20Press%20Release.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|date=24 March 2015|access-date=24 March 2015}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[63rd National Film Awards|2015 {{small|(63rd)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Fisherwoman And Tuktuk''
| Music only
| Nilima Eriyat
| [[Suresh Eriyat]]
| [[Suresh Eriyat|Studio Eeksaurus Productions]]
| align="center"|<ref name="63rdaward">{{cite press_release|title=63rd National Film Awards|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/39_63rdNfaArchives.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[64th National Film Awards|2016 {{small|(64th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Hum Chitra Banate Hai''
| Hindi
| [[Industrial Design Centre|IDC]], [[IIT Bombay]]
| [[Nina Sabnani]]
| Piyush Varma and Shyam Sundar Chatterjee
| align="center" |<ref name="64thaward">{{cite press_release|title=64th National Film Awards|url=http://www.dff.nic.in/writereaddata/NFA64PressNote2016.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=7 April 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606051143/http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/NFA64PressNote2016.pdf|archive-date=6 June 2017}}</ref>
|- style="background-color:#EBEBE0"
| align="center" rowspan="2" | [[65th National Film Awards|2017 {{small|(65th)}}]]
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0E0D1" | ''Tokri – The Basket''
| Music only
| Nilima Eriyat
| Suresh Eriyat
| [[Suresh Eriyat|Studio Eeksaurus Productions]]
| align="center" rowspan="2" |
|- style="background-color:#EBEBE0"
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0E0D1" | ''The Fish Curry''
| Hindi
| Munish Tewari
| Abhishek Verma
| Abhishek Verma
|-
| align="center"| [[66th National Film Awards|2018 {{small|(66th)}}]]
| colspan="5" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
|
|-
| align="center"| [[67th National Film Awards|2019 {{small|(67th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Radha''
| Music only
| Fairy Cows
| [[Bimla Poddar|Bimal Poddar]]
| Nitin Kharkar
| align="center"| <ref>{{Cite web|title=67th National Film Awards announced; Sikkim wins award for Most Film Friendly State|url=https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1706663|access-date=2021-04-01|website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[68th National Film Awards|2020 {{small|(68th)}}]]
| colspan="5" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center"| <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2022 |title=68th National Film Awards announced |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1843932 |access-date=7 February 2025 |website=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[69th National Film Awards|2021 {{small|(69th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Kandittundu''
| Malayalam
| [[Suresh Eriyat|Studio Eeksaurus Productions]]
| Adithi Krishnadas
|
| align="center"| <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2023 |title=69th National Film Awards for the year 2021 announced |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1951758 |access-date=9 October 2024 |website=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[70th National Film Awards|2022 {{small|(70th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''A Coconut Tree''
| English
| JB Productions
| Joshy Benedict
| Joshy Benedict
| align="center"| <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2024 |title=70th National Film Awards for the year 2022 announced |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2045960 |access-date=8 October 2024 |website=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[71st National Film Awards|2023 {{small|(71st)}}]]
| colspan="5" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center" |
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://dff.nic.in/NFA_archive.asp National Film Awards Archives]
* [http://dff.nic.in Official Page for Directorate of Film Festivals, India]

{{India Animation Industry}}
{{National Film Awards}}

[[Category:National Film Awards (India)|Animation Film Non-Feature]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Awards established in 1967]]
[[Category:Indian animation]]

Banaskantha district

2026-03-11T14:17:05Z

Smartkabadi: Content updated and refined

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Banaskantha district
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Gujarat|District]]
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
|size = 250
|photo1a = Palanpur.jpg
|photo1b = Gabbar Temple, Ambaji.jpg
|photo2a = Manibhadra Veer Jain Temple Magarwada Gujarat India 5.jpg
|photo2b = Mokeshwar Dam.jpg
|photo3a = My Farm @ Vadgam -3.jpg
}}
| image_alt =
| image_caption = from top-left: Kirti Stambha in [[Palanpur]], Gabbar Temple in [[Ambaji]], Mokeshwar Dam, fields in [[Vadgam]], Manibhadra Jain Temple in Magarwada
| mapframe = yes
| map_caption =
| coordinates = {{Coord|region:IN-GJ|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Gujarat]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Region]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[North Gujarat]]
| established_title = 
| established_date = 01 May 1960
| founder =
| named_for = [[West Banas River|Banas River]]
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Palanpur]]
| leader_title = District Collectorate
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 6,176
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 2520507
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank = 111 of 640 in India 5 of 26 in Gujarat
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="districtcensus">{{cite web |title=District Census Hand Book – Banas Kantha |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/372/download/1136/DH_2011_2402_PART_A_DCHB_BANAS_KANTHA.pdf |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = GJ 08
| website = {{URL|https://banaskantha.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Banaskantha district''' is one of the [[Districts of Gujarat|thirty-four districts]] of the [[Gujarat]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of India. The administrative headquarters and largest city is [[Palanpur]]. The district is in northeastern Gujarat where the [[West Banas River]] runs through the valley between [[Mount Abu]] and [[Aravalli Range]], flowing to the plains of Gujarat in this region.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://banaskanthadp.gujarat.gov.in/Banaskantha/english |title=Banaskantha District Panchayat |access-date=2017-02-23 |archive-date=2017-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224132212/https://banaskanthadp.gujarat.gov.in/Banaskantha/english/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The district is famous for the [[Ambaji temple]] which draws many tourists.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://palanpuronline.com/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-02-27 |archive-date=2017-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228091934/http://palanpuronline.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> It has an area of 12,703 km2 and was the second largest district in the state until January 2025, when [[Vav-Tharad district]] was carved out of the western part of the district and remaining area of 6,176 km2 remains the same.<ref>{{Cite web |last=TimesOfIndia |date=2025-01-01 |title= Govt announce 34th district of Gujarat with creation of Vav - Tharad; decision |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/gujarat-announces-34th-district-with-creation-of-vav-tharad/articleshow/116858520.cms |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=TimesOfIndia |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Geography==
Banaskantha shares its borders with [[Rajasthan]]. characterized by the Aravalli Range and the Banas River. [[Sabarkantha district]] in East, [[Vav-Tharad district]] in West and [[Patan district]] and [[Mehsana district]] in the South.

==Economy==

It is the site of [[Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University]].<ref>[http://www.sdau.edu.in/ Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University]</ref>

In 2006 the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named Banaskantha one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf/> It is one of the six districts in Gujarat currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj |date=September 8, 2009 |title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme |publisher=National Institute of Rural Development |url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |access-date=September 27, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |archive-date=April 5, 2012 }}</ref>

==Talukas==

There are 10 [[Talukas]] in [[Banaskantha]] District.
{| class="sortable" border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" width="98%" style="border:1px solid black; text-align:center"
|- bgcolor="skyblue"
|+
!Sr.No.
!Taluka
!Headquarter
!Population ({{As of|2011}})
|-
|1
|[[Amirgadh Taluka]]
|[[Amirgadh]]
|1,32,354
|-
|2
|[[Dhanera taluka]]
|[[Dhanera]]
|2,30,749
|-
|3
|[[Deesa taluka]]
|[[Deesa]]
|5,88,123
|-
|4
|[[Danta taluka]]
|[[Danta, Banaskantha|Danta]]
|3,09,571
|-
|5
|[[Dantiwada taluka]]
|[[Dantiwada]]
|83,528
|-
|6
|[[Palanpur taluka]]
|[[Palanpur]]
|1,77,953
|-
|7
|[[Vadagam taluka]]
|[[Vadgam]]
|87,201
|-
|8
|[[Kankrej taluka]]
|[[Shihori]]
|2,36,168
|-
|9
|[[Hadad taluka]]
|[[Hadad, Gujarat|Hadad]]
|
|-
|10
|[[Ogad taluka]]
|[[Thara, Gujarat|Thara]]
|
|-
!District
! colspan="2" |Banaskantha
!24,54,196
|}
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/district/183-banaskantha-gujarat.html|title=Talukas in Banaskantha District, Gujarat|website=www.census2011.co.in|access-date=2024-07-25}}</ref>

==Municipality==

* [[Dhanera]]
* [[Deesa]]
* [[Palanpur]]
* [[Thara, Gujarat|Thara]]

==Demographics==

{{historical populations|11=1901|12=4,37,072|13=1911|14=4,18,450|15=1921|16=4,40,891|17=1931|18=4,77,341|19=1941|20=5,48,737|21=1951|22=6,96,367|23=1961|24=8,99,989|25=1971|26=11,46,159|27=1981|28=15,14,121|29=1991|30=19,81,513|31=2001|32=25,04,244|33=2011|34=31,20,506|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Banaskantha district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 3,120,506,<ref name=districtcensus/> roughly equal to the nation of [[Mongolia]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = June 13, 2007 | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Mongolia 3,133,318 July 2011 est.
}}</ref> or the US state of [[Iowa]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|title=2010 Resident Population Data
|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau
|access-date=2011-09-30
|quote=Iowa 3,046,355
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|archive-date=October 19, 2013
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 111th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 290 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 24.43%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Banaskantha has a [[sex ratio]] of 936 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 66.39%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 10.49% and 9.11% of the population respectively.<ref name=districtcensus/>
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Banaskantha district (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Population by Religion - Gujarat |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11373/download/14486/DDW24C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|92.62}}
{{bar percent|[[Gujarati Muslims|Islam]]|green|6.84}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.54}}
}}
===Language===
{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Banaskantha district (2011)<ref name="language"/>
|label1 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] |value1 = 96.35 |color1 = skyblue
|label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 0.91 |color2 = orange
|label3 = [[Marwari language|Marwari]] |value3 = 0.60 |color3 = maroon
|label4 = Others |value4 = 2.74 |color4 = grey
}}

According to the [[2011 Census of India]], 96.35% of the population in the district spoke [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] and 0.91% [[Hindi]] as their first language.<ref name="language">{{cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Gujarat |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10212/download/13324/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2700.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==Politics==
{{transcluded section|source=15th Gujarat Assembly}}
{{#section:15th Gujarat Assembly|MLA Header}}
{{#section:15th Gujarat Assembly|Banaskantha district}}
|}

==Notable people ==
* [[:File:Galbabhai Nanjibhai Patel.jpg|Galbabhai Nanjibhai Patel]], Founder Chairman of [[Banas Dairy]]
* [[ Babubhai Desai]] Member of Parliament Rajya Sabha Gujarat Former MLA [[ Kankrej_Assembly_constituency ]]
* [[Shankar Chaudhary]] - Speaker of [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]] & Chairman of [[Banas Dairy]]
* [[ Mavji Desai ]] -MLA of [[Dhanera Assembly constituency]].
* [[ Govabhai_Hamirabhai_Rabari ]] former MLA of [[Dhanera Assembly constituency]]
* [[Parthi Bhatol]], Politician & Former Chairman of [[Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation]] ([[Amul]]); Former [[Banas Dairy]] Chairman
* [[Chandrakant Bakshi]], author born in [[Palanpur]].
* [[Parbatbhai Patel]], former MP from [[Banaskantha Lok Sabha constituency|Banaskantha]]; Former Minister of State Water Resources (Independent Charge), Water Supply, Government of Gujarat
* [[Haribhai Parthibhai Chaudhary]], former Minister of State of Home Affairs and former MP for Banaskantha
* [[Harisinh Chavda]], former MP for Banaskantha
* [[B. K. Gadhvi]], former MP and Minister of State, Banaskantha
* [[Mukesh Gadhvi]], former MP for Banaskantha
* [[Jayasimha Siddharaja]], ruler of Gujarat from the [[Chaulukya dynasty]]; great-grandfather of [[Prithviraj Chauhan]]
* [[Pranav Mistry]], inventor of Sixthsense and vice president of [[Samsung]], USA
* [[Mehul Choksi]], Diamond merchant
* [[Nirav Modi]], Diamond merchant
* [[Bharat Shah]], Bollywood film producer
* [[Dineshchandra R. Agrawal Infracon|Dineshchandra R. Agrawal]], Chairman & MD (CMD) of DRA Infracon

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commonscat}}
* {{Official website}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100417095218/http://www.vibrantgujarat.com/district-profiles/banaskantha-district-profile.aspx Banaskantha District profile]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100215085358/http://www.rural.nic.in/AER/GJ/AER_Banaskantha.pdf DISTRICT PROFILE - Rural.nic.in]
*[http://banaskanthadp.gujarat.gov.in/banaskantha/english/index.htm Banskantha District Panchayat - English]
*Collectorate - District Banaskantha [https://banaskantha.gujarat.gov.in/]
* {{osmrelation-inline|8271163}}

{{Subject bar |book= |portal3=India|commons=yes |commons-search=Category:|n=yes |n-search=Category:|wikt=yes |b=yes |q=yes |s=yes |v=yes |voy=yes |d=yes |d-search=}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Banaskantha district
|North = [[Jalor district]], [[Rajasthan]]
|Northeast = [[Sirohi district]], [[Rajasthan]]
|East = [[Sabar Kantha district]]
|Southeast = [[Mahesana district]]
|South = [[Patan district]]
|Southwest =
|West = [[Vav-Tharad district]]
|Northwest =
}}

{{Banaskantha district}}
{{Gujarat}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Banaskantha district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Gujarat]]

2010 Durand Cup

2026-03-11T03:25:51Z

Smartkabadi: new - done

{{Short description|123rd edition of the Durand Cup}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox football tournament season
| title = Durand Cup
| image =
| size =
| caption =
| current =
| dates = 17 September – 7 November 2010
| country = India
| num_teams = 12
| winners = [[United SC|Chirag United]]
| count = 1
| second = [[JCT FC|JCT]]
| matches = 15
| goals = 44
| scoring_leader =
| player = [[Josimar (footballer, born 1984)|Josimar]]
| prev_season = [[2009 Durand Cup|2009]]
| next_season = [[2011 Durand Cup|2011]]
}}

The '''2010 Durand Cup''' is the 123rd edition of the [[Durand Cup]], the third oldest [[association football]] competition in the world.
[[United SC|Chirag United]] won the 2010 Durand Cup at the [[Ambedkar Stadium]] with a 0–1 tie-break win over [[JCT FC|JCT]].<ref>{{cite web |title= Fixtures |url= https://www.gcsstars.com/search/label/123%20Durand%20cup}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= Fixtures |url= http://www.thehardtackle.com/2010/durand-cup-2010-123rd-edition-starts-in-delhi/}}</ref>

==Background==
===Format===
The Durand Cup is scheduled from 17 September to 7 November 2010. The tournament will be conducted in two stages. Stage 1 will be the Qualifying Knock Out Round and Stage 2 will be Quarter Final League round.

===Withdrawal===
[[I-League]] club [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]] withdrew{{Cref2|Note}}.

==Qualification==
===First round===
{{football box collapsible
|date = 17 October
|time =
|team1 = [[MEG Bangalore]]
|score = 6–1
|report = https://www.gcsstars.com/2010/10/meg-thru-to-durand-cup-main-draw.html
|team2 = [[Indian Nationals]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium =
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 17 October
|time =
|team1 = [[J&K Bank Football Club|J&K Bank]]
|score = 1–0
|report =
|team2 = [[Indian Navy Sports Club|Indian Navy]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium =
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 18 October
|time =
|team1 = [[Army Green football team|Army Green]]
|score = 2–1
|report =
|team2 = [[Assam Rifles football team|Assam Rifles]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium =
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 18 October
|time =
|team1 = [[Indian Air Force football team|Indian Air Force]]
|score = 5–1
|report =
|team2 = [[Ahbab FC|Ahbab]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium =
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 19 October
|time =
|team1 = [[Tata Football Academy|Tata FA]]
|score = 2–1
|report =
|team2 = [[Uttarakhand Police]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium =
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 19 October
|time =
|team1 = [[Vasco SC|Vasco]]
|score = 0–1
|report =
|team2 = [[AOC Secunderabad]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium =
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 20 October
|time =
|team1 = [[Amity United FC|Amity United]]
|score = 0–0
|report =
|team2 = [[ARC Shillong]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|penaltyscore = 4–3
|stadium =
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 20 October
|time =
|team1 = [[Garhwal Heroes FC|Garhwal Heros]]
|score = 1–0
|report =
|team2 = [[Border Security Force Sporting Club|BSF]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium =
|attendance =
|referee =
}}

===Second round===

{{football box collapsible
|date = 21 October
|time =
|team1 = [[Tata Football Academy|Tata FA]]
|score = {{pso|3–5}}
|report =
|team2 = [[AOC Secunderabad]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium =
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 21 October
|time =
|team1 = [[MEG Bangalore]]
|score = 3–1
|report = https://www.gcsstars.com/2010/10/meg-thru-to-durand-cup-main-draw.html
|team2 = [[J&K Bank Football Club|J&K Bank]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium =
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 22 October
|time =
|team1 = [[Army Green football team|Army Green]]
|score = 1–3
|report =
|team2 = [[Indian Air Force football team|Indian Air Force]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium =
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 22 October
|time =
|team1 = [[Amity United FC|Amity United]]
|score = 0–3
|report = https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/garhwal-heroes-crush-amity-united/story-KcDVJeybbyibCDK2brCT9I.html
|team2 = [[Garhwal Heroes FC|Garhwal Heros]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium =
|attendance =
|referee =
}}

===Third round===

{{football box collapsible
|date = 23 October
|time =
|team1 = [[AOC Secunderabad]]
|score = 0–1
|report = https://www.gcsstars.com/2010/10/meg-thru-to-durand-cup-main-draw.html
|team2 = [[MEG Bangalore]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 = Jiten Meitei {{goal|12}}
|stadium =
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 24 October
|time =
|team1 = [[Indian Air Force football team|Indian Air Force]]
|score = 0–0
|report = https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/garhwal-s-dream-run-ends-despite-the-heroic/
|team2 = [[Garhwal Heroes FC|Garhwal Heros]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|penaltyscore = 5–3
|stadium =
|attendance =
|referee =
}}

===Fourth round===

{{football box collapsible
|date = 25 October
|time =
|team1 = [[AOC Secunderabad]]
|score = 0–3{{Cref2|Note}}
|report =
|team2 = [[Garhwal Heroes FC|Garhwal Heros]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium =
|attendance =
|referee =
}}

==Group stage==
All matches will be played in Delhi

===Group A===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!width="175"|Team!!width="20"|Pld!!width="20"|W!!width="20"|D!!width="20"|L!!width="20"|GF!!width="20"|GA!!width="20"|GD!!width="20"|Pts
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc
|align=left| '''[[Churchill Brothers]]'''
|2||2||0||0||7||3||+4||'''6'''
|-
|align=left|[[Army Red football team|Army XI]]
|2||1||0||1||4||3||+1||'''3'''
|-
|align=left|[[MEG Bangalore]]
|2||0||0||2||2||7||-5||'''0'''
|}

===Group B===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!width="175"|Team!!width="20"|Pld!!width="20"|W!!width="20"|D!!width="20"|L!!width="20"|GF!!width="20"|GA!!width="20"|GD!!width="20"|Pts
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc
|align=left|'''[[United SC|Chirag United]]'''
|2||1||1||0||5||0||+5||'''4'''
|-
|align=left|[[Pune FC|Pune]]
|2||1||1||0||2||0||+2||'''4'''
|-
|align=left| [[Indian Air Force football team|Indian Air Force]]
|2||0||0||2||0||5||-5||'''0'''
|}

===Group C===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!width="175"|Team!!width="20"|Pld!!width="20"|W!!width="20"|D!!width="20"|L!!width="20"|GF!!width="20"|GA!!width="20"|GD!!width="20"|Pts
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc
|align=left|'''[[JCT FC|JCT]]'''
|2||2||0||0||5||1||+4||'''6'''
|-
|align=left|[[SC Goa|Sporting Goa]]
|2||1||0||1||2||4||-2||'''3'''
|-
|align=left|[[Garhwal Heroes FC|Garhwal Heros]]{{Cref2|Note}}
|2||0||0||2||2||4||-2||'''0'''
|-
|align=left|[[Dempo SC|Dempo]]
|colspan="8" align="center"|Withdrew{{Cref2|Note}}
|}

===Group D===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!width="175"|Team!!width="20"|Pld!!width="20"|W!!width="20"|D!!width="20"|L!!width="20"|GF!!width="20"|GA!!width="20"|GD!!width="20"|Pts
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc
|align=left| '''[[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]'''
|2||2||0||0||6||2||+4||'''6'''
|-
|align=left|[[Salgaocar S.C.|Salgaocar]]
|2||1||0||1||4||3||+1||'''3'''
|-
|align=left|[[Air India F.C.|Air India]]
|2||0||0||2||2||7||-5||'''0'''
|}

== Semi-Finals==
{{football box collapsible
|date = 4 November
|time =
|team1 = [[Churchill Brothers]]
|score = 0–1 {{aet}}
|report =
|team2 = [[JCT FC|JCT]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium =
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 4 November
|time =
|team1 = [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
|score = 0–1
|report =
|team2 = [[United SC|Chirag United]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium =
|attendance =
|referee =
}}

==Final==
{{football box collapsible
|date = 7 November
|time =
|team1 = [[JCT FC|JCT]]
|score = 0–1
|report = https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/Chirag-United-lifts-Durand-Cup/article15678396.ece
|team2 = [[United SC|Chirag United]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 = [[Mohammed Rafique (footballer)|Mohammed Rafique]] {{goal|75}}
|stadium = [[Ambedkar Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee = Bikramjit Purkaystha
}}

==Notes==
;Notes
{{Cnote2 Begin|liststyle=disc}}
{{Cnote2|Note|'''Replacement:''' [[Dempo]] withdrew from the tournament and the organisers initiated a qualification match on 25 October between [[AOC Secunderabad]] and [[Garhwal FC|Garhwal Heroes]] to determine the replacement which will take part in group C.}}<ref>{{cite web |title=NFL Dempo withdrew |url= https://www.kolkatafootball.com/indiafootball_news_2010/oct8thpart_2010.html#dempo_durand |website=kolkatafootball}}</ref>{{Cnote2 End}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Durand Cup}}
{{2010-11 in Indian football}}
{{2010 in Asian Football (AFC)}}

[[Category:2010–11 in Indian football]]
[[Category:Durand Cup seasons]]
[[Category:2010 in domestic association football cups]]

Karisma Kapoor

2026-03-08T11:04:26Z

Smartkabadi: page edit

{{short description|Indian actress (born 1974)}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Karisma Kapoor
| image = Karisma Kapoor snapped at Rotary Club of Bombay West (6) (cropped).jpg
| caption = Kapoor in 2018
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1974|06|25}}
| birth_place = [[Bombay, Maharashtra]], India
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 1990–present
| works = [[Karisma Kapoor filmography|Full list]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Sunjay Kapur]]|2003|2016|end=div}}
| children = 2
| other_names = ''Lolo''
| father = [[Randhir Kapoor]]
| mother = [[Babita Kapoor]]
| family = [[Kapoor family]]
}}

'''Karisma Kapoor''' ({{IPA|hns|kar-iz-maː kəˈpuːr|pron}}; born 25 June 1974) is an Indian actress who primarily appears in [[Hindi films]]. One of the leading and highest-paid actresses of the 1990s, Kapoor is a recipient of [[List of awards and nominations received by Karisma Kapoor|several accolades]], including a [[National Film Awards|National Film Award]] and four [[Filmfare Awards]].

A part of the [[Kapoor family]], Kapoor was born to actors [[Randhir Kapoor]] and [[Babita]]. She made her acting debut with a leading role in the moderately successful ''[[Prem Qaidi]]'' (1991). She went on to star in box office hits such as the dramas ''[[Jigar]]'' (1992) and ''[[Anari (1993 film)|Anari]]'' (1993), the comedies ''[[Raja Babu (film)|Raja Babu]]'' (1994), ''[[Andaz Apna Apna]]'' (1994), ''[[Coolie No. 1 (1995 film)|Coolie No. 1]]'' (1995) and ''[[Saajan Chale Sasural]]'' (1996), and the thriller ''[[Jeet (1996 film)|Jeet]]'' (1996). The 1996 blockbuster romance ''[[Raja Hindustani]]'' marked a turning point in Kapoor's career, earning her the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress]]. She later won the [[National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress|National Film Award]] and [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Filmfare Award]] for her role as a passionate dancer in the musical romance ''[[Dil To Pagal Hai]]'' (1997). Kapoor achieved further success by featuring as the female in three David Dhawan's successful romantic comedies—''[[Hero No. 1|Hero No.1]]'' (1997), ''[[Biwi No.1]]'' (1999), and ''[[Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge]]'' (2000) and in Sooraj Barjatya's highly successful family drama ''[[Hum Saath-Saath Hain]]'' (1999). She won the Filmfare Best Actress and [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress|Best Actress Critics]] awards at Filmfare for her titular roles in the dramas ''[[Fiza (2000 film)|Fiza]]'' (2000) and ''[[Zubeidaa]]'' (2001).

Kapoor took a sabbatical from full-time acting in 2004 and has since appeared sporadically, including the web series ''[[Mentalhood]]'' (2020) and the mystery thriller ''[[Murder Mubarak]]'' (2024). She also played the titular character in the television series ''[[Karishma – The Miracles of Destiny|Karishma: The Miracles of Destiny]]'' (2003–2004) and has served as a judge on several reality shows.

Kapoor was married to businessman [[Sunjay Kapur]] from 2003–2016; the couple had two children. Her personal life has been extensively covered in the media. In addition to acting, Kapoor participates in stage shows and is a prominent celebrity endorser.

== Early life and background ==
[[File:Kapoor Women.jpg |thumb|300px|right| Kapoor with her mother [[Babita]] (left) and sister [[Kareena Kapoor Khan|Kareena]] (right) at an event in 2003]]

Karisma Kapoor was born on 25 June 1974<ref name="The Times of India">{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/karisma-kapoor-10-things-you-didnt-know/photostory/37164818.cms |title=Karisma Kapoor: 10 things you didn't know |work=The Times of India |access-date=11 December 2016}}</ref> in [[Mumbai]], to actors [[Randhir Kapoor]] and [[Babita]] (''née'' Shivdasani). Her younger sister, [[Kareena Kapoor]], is a film actress who is married to actor [[Saif Ali Khan]].<ref name="Bio2">{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/oct/30sotw.htm |title=Rediff's Star of The Week - Kareena Kapoor |date=30 October 2002 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=24 July 2008}}</ref> Her paternal grandfather was the actor and filmmaker [[Raj Kapoor]], while her maternal grandfather was actor [[Hari Shivdasani]]. Her paternal great-grandfather was actor [[Prithviraj Kapoor]].<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/prithviraj-kapoor-birthday-349871-2016-11-03 Remembering Prithviraj Kapoor: 10 facts you must know about the Father of Bollywood], ''India Today'', Retrieved 3 November 2016</ref> The actors [[Rishi Kapoor]] and [[Rajiv Kapoor]] are her uncles, while the actress [[Neetu Singh]] is her aunt. Her first cousins is the actor [[Ranbir Kapoor]] and the businessman [[Nikhil Nanda]]. The actors [[Shammi Kapoor]] and [[Shashi Kapoor]] are her grand-uncles, and the late actress [[Sadhana Shivdasani|Sadhana]] was her mother's first cousin.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/indian-cinema-100-35-fun-facts-about-the-kapoors-of-bollywood-632971 |title=35 fun facts about the Kapoors; Indian cinema's first family |work=NDTV India |access-date=29 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiamarks.com/prithviraj-kapoor-to-kareena-kapoor-and-ranbir-kapoor/ |title=Prithviraj Kapoor to Karisma Kapoor and Ranbir Kapoor| date=4 June 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805085551/http://www.indiamarks.com/prithviraj-kapoor-to-kareena-kapoor-and-ranbir-kapoor|archive-date=5 August 2017|access-date=24 March 2023}}</ref>

Kapoor is informally called as "Lolo" at her home. According to Kapoor, the name Lolo was derived after her mother made a passing reference to the Italian actress [[Gina Lollobrigida]].<ref name="OGTKP" /> Her paternal and maternal grandparents were from [[Peshawar]], [[Lyallpur]] and [[Karachi]] respectively, who moved to [[Bombay]] for their film careers before the [[partition of India]].<ref>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/flashback-at-90-a-kapoor-daughter-recalls-family-s-filmy-journey-from-peshawar-to-the-pinnacle/story-7Nxt7k4U9le8VfAZWNIm9L.html Flashback at 90: A Kapoor daughter recalls family's filmy journey from Peshawar to the pinnacle], Hindustan Times, 18 December 2018.</ref> Kapoor is of [[Punjabis|Punjabi]] descent on her father's side, and on her mother's side she is of [[Sindhis|Sindhi]] and [[British people|British]] descent.<ref name="The Times of India" /><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060108/spectrum/main4.htm |title=Punjabi colours of Bollywood |access-date=8 July 2010 |author=Dhawan, M. L. |date=8 January 2006 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131121110907/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060108/spectrum/main4.htm |archive-date=21 November 2013}}</ref>

Particularly inspired by the work of actresses [[Sridevi]] and [[Madhuri Dixit]], Kapoor was keen on pursuing acting since childhood. While growing up, Kapoor regularly attended award ceremonies and accompanied her parents to film sets.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://asridevi.blogspot.fr/2011/10/karishma-kapoor-sridevis-biggest.html |title=Karishma Kapoor, Sridevi's biggest admirer! |website=asridevi.blogspot.fr |date=23 October 2011 |access-date=15 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://whatcelebritiessayaboutmadhuri.blogspot.fr/ |title=What Celebrities Say about Madhuri |website=whatcelebritiessayaboutmadhuri.blogspot.fr |access-date=15 October 2017 |date=14 March 2012}}</ref> However, despite her family background, her father disapproved of women working in films, because he believed it conflicted with the traditional maternal duties and responsibility of women in the family.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/veteran-actress-sadhana-walks-the-ramp-with-ranbir-kapoor/3/ |title=Veteran actress Sadhana walks the ramp with Ranbir Kapoor |date=12 May 2014 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/1692587/report-i-don-t-advocate-dieting-karisma-kapoor |title=I don't advocate dieting: Karisma Kapoor |first=Sneha |last=Mahadevan |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=23 May 2012 |access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref> This led to a conflict between her parents and they separated in 1988. She and her sister Kareena were raised by their mother, who worked several jobs to raise them, until she made her debut in films as an actress.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dayandnightnews.com/2012/01/i-am-a-foodie-kareena-kapoor/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125062038/http://www.dayandnightnews.com/2012/01/i-am-a-foodie-kareena-kapoor/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=25 January 2012 |title=I am a foodie: Kareena Kapoor |work=Day & Night News |access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref> The couple reconciled in 2007, after living separately for several years.<ref name="B">{{cite news |title=Saif to join girlfriend Kareena and her family for midnight mass |url=http://archive.mid-day.com/entertainment/2008/dec/231208-Saif-Ali-Khan-Kareena-Kapoor-Mt-Mary-Babita-Karisma-Shivdasani-Christmas-Samaira.htm |access-date=1 July 2015 |publisher=Mid-Day |date=23 December 2008 |archive-date=1 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701223912/http://archive.mid-day.com/entertainment/2008/dec/231208-Saif-Ali-Khan-Kareena-Kapoor-Mt-Mary-Babita-Karisma-Shivdasani-Christmas-Samaira.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kapoor studied at the [[Cathedral and John Connon School]], [[Mumbai]], and later, for a few months, at [[Sophia College for Women]], [[Mumbai]]. Kapoor later said that she left college to pursue acting for financial support.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print/317115.aspx |title=Sophia College retains both heritage and class through education |website=Hindustan Times |date=13 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210110508/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print/317115.aspx |archive-date=10 February 2011 |url-status=dead |access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref>

== Career ==
{{See also|Karisma Kapoor filmography}}

=== Debut and early roles (1991–1995) ===
[[File:KarismaKapoor.jpg |thumb|upright=0.8| Kapoor at the [[Screen Awards]] in 2008|left]]

Kapoor made her acting debut in 1991 at the age of 16 with the romantic drama ''[[Prem Qaidi]]'', opposite debutant [[Harish Kumar (actor)|Harish Kumar]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.in/Prem-Qaidi-Harish/dp/B006QGDO1E|title=Prem Qaidi|publisher=[[Amazon (company)|Amazon]]|access-date=9 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310010710/https://www.amazon.in/Prem-Qaidi-Harish/dp/B006QGDO1E|archive-date=10 March 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Upon release, the film emerged as a moderate box office success and received mixed reviews from critics, as did Kapoor's performance, with [[Taran Adarsh]] of ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' describing it as "mechanical".<ref name="Karisma's Box Office">{{cite web |title=Karisma Kapoor's Filmography |publisher=Box Office India |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/karismakapoor.htm |access-date=8 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070827021718/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/karismakapoor.htm |archive-date=27 August 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The following year, Kapoor's first five releases—''[[Police Officer (film)|Police Officer]]'', ''[[Jaagruti]]'', ''[[Nishchaiy]]'', ''[[Sapne Sajan Ke]]'' and ''[[Deedar (1992 film)|Deedar]]''—flopped at the box office.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/534804|title=Jagruti (1992)|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=4 June 2016|archive-date=20 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140920220806/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/534804|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Nishchay |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/nishchay/movieshow/62519149.cms|work=Times of India|access-date=2018-12-17}}</ref> ''Sapne Sajan Ke'' earned her a nomination for [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards/winners |title=Filmfare Awards Best Female Debut: Complete List Of The Winners and Nominees| work=Filmfare |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref> ''[[Jaagruti]]'' and ''[[Nishchaiy]]'' marked her first two collaborations with [[Salman Khan]], while ''[[Deedar (1992 film)|Deedar]]'' marked her first collaboration with [[Akshay Kumar]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/deedar/|title=Deedar (1992)|work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|access-date=9 March 2018|archive-date=14 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214135628/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/deedar/|url-status=live}}</ref> She next starred in the action drama ''[[Jigar]]'' (1992), followed by the romantic drama ''[[Anari (1993 film)|Anari]]'' (1993), both of which emerged as box office hits and among the highest-grossing films of their respective years. ''Jigar'' marked Kapoor's first of several collaborations with [[Ajay Devgn]], while ''Anari'' featured her in the leading role of Rajnandini, a princess who falls in love with her poor servant (played by [[Daggubati Venkatesh]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539590|title=Jigar (1992)|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=4 June 2016|archive-date=17 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617152642/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539590|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/filmfare-recommends-top-10-films-of-karisma-kapoor-41788.html|title=Filmfare Recommends: Top 10 Films of Karisma Kapoor|work=[[Filmfare]]|date=25 June 2020|first=Devesh|last=Sharma|access-date=7 February 2025}}</ref>

Kapoor's next four releases of 1993 were the dramas ''[[Muqabla (1993 film)|Muqabla]]'' (which marked first of her many collaborations with [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]]), ''[[Sangraam]]'', ''[[Shaktiman (1993 film)|Shaktiman]]'' and ''[[Dhanwan (1993 film)|Dhanwaan]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539992|title=Muqabla (1993)|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=4 June 2016|archive-date=17 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617155752/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539992|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539153|title=Dhanwan (1993)|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=4 June 2016|archive-date=22 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722031402/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539153|url-status=dead}}</ref> With the exception of ''[[Muqabla (1993 film)|Muqabla]]'', none of these films performed well either critically or commercially.<ref>{{cite web |date=21 March 2024 |title=Karishma Kapoor Latest Photos |url=https://youtube.com/shorts/J1fzx0XtlZk |access-date=25 July 2015 |publisher=Youtube}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/1993.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070824132438/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/1993.htm |title=Box Office Results 1992 |archive-date=24 August 2007 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref> In 1994, Kapoor had nine film releases – four of them — ''[[Prem Shakti]]'', ''[[Dulaara (1994 film)|Dulaara]]'', ''[[Andaz (1994 film)|Andaz]]'' and ''[[Aatish: Feel the Fire|Aatish]]'' — were critical and commercial failures.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/andaz-1994-0|title=Andaz|work=[[British Board of Film Classification]]|access-date=4 June 2016|archive-date=3 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803223249/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/andaz-1994-0|url-status=dead}}</ref> Her first hit that year was David Dhawan's comedy film ''[[Raja Babu (film)|Raja Babu]]'', opposite Govinda, in which she played Madhubala, an educated arrogant girl who calls off her engagement upon discovering her fiancée's illiteracy.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Bobby |title=CinemaScope: David Dhawan, Govinda and their world of remakes |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/cinemascope-david-dhawan-govinda-and-their-world-of-remakes |access-date=27 April 2022 |work=Free Press Journal}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Raja Babu - Movie - Box Office India |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3183 |website=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=10 March 2022}}</ref> Kapoor next played the blind wife of Govinda's character in the hit action drama ''[[Khuddar]]'', following which she starred with Salman Khan, [[Aamir Khan]] and [[Raveena Tandon]] in Rajkumar Santoshi's acclaimed comedy film ''[[Andaz Apna Apna]]''. Kapoor played Raveena Bajaj, the daughter of a London-based business tycoon, who travels to India in search of true love, and falls for [[Salman Khan|Salman Khan's]] character. Although the film underperformed at the box office, it developed a significant cult following over the years since its release.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/from-flop-to-cult-film-the-journey-of-andaz-apna-apna-1477407.html|title=From flop to cult film: The journey of Andaz Apna Apna|last=Chintamani|first=Gautam|work=Firstpost|date=12 April 2014|access-date=11 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=11 April 2015 |title=Andaz Apna Apna: 20 iconic dialogues from the Salman Khan, Aamir Khan-starrer |work=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/andaz-apna-apna-20-iconic-dialogues-from-the-salman-khan-aamir-khan-starrer/story-GEw5L7D4kmAKI6xnnsUfRJ.html |access-date=12 January 2016}}</ref>

Kapoor's final two releases of the year were the action drama ''[[Suhaag (1994 film)|Suhaag]]'' (alongside Ajay Devgn, Akshay Kumar and [[Nagma (actress)|Nagma]]) and the comedy-drama ''[[Gopi Kishan]]'' (alongside [[Suniel Shetty]] and [[Shilpa Shirodkar]]), both of which were critically and commercially successful.<ref>{{cite web|title=Box Office India 1994|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=200&catName=|publisher=Box Office India|accessdate=17 February 2012}}</ref> In the former, she starred as a college student and Devgn's love interest, while in the latter, she played a police commissioner's daughter who falls in love with a criminal.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/1994.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070924122000/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/1994.htm |title=Box Office Results 1994 |archive-date=24 September 2007 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-ten-cult-movies-that-started-out-as-flops/20120215.htm |title=Bollywood's Cult Movies That Flopped |date=15 February 2012 |work=Rediff |access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ibosnetwork.com/asp/filmbodetails.asp?id=Suhaag+%281994%29 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130628110209/http://ibosnetwork.com/asp/filmbodetails.asp?id=Suhaag+(1994) |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 June 2013 |title=Suhaag (1994) |work=Ibosnetwork.com |access-date=1 May 2016 }}</ref> In 1995, after appearing in the box office flops ''[[Jawab (1995 film)|Jawab]]'' and ''[[Maidan-E-Jung]]'',<ref>{{cite web |title=Jawab (1995) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/jawab-5/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=27 January 1995 |access-date=29 July 2021 |archive-date=29 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729125731/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/jawab-5/cast/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Maidan-E-Jung (1995) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/maidan-e-jung/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=14 April 1995 |access-date=29 July 2021 |archive-date=8 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210408024543/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/maidan-e-jung/cast/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Kapoor starred as Malti, a rich girl who marries a poor coolie (played by Govinda) in [[David Dhawan]]'s blockbuster comedy film ''[[Coolie No. 1 (1995 film)|Coolie No. 1]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 1998 |title=The blue-eyed baby |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19980206/03750684.html |access-date=21 October 2011 |website=The Indian Express |location=India}}</ref> The film garnered positive reviews and emerged as a commercial success, grossing {{INRConvert|911|m}} in India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ibosnetwork.com/asp/filmbodetails.asp?id=Coolie+No%2E+1 |title=Coolie No. 1's box office, news, reviews, video, pictures, and music soundtrack |publisher=Ibosnetwork.com |date=2 May 2011 |access-date=25 July 2015 }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It later gained a cult following.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Gulazāra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8y8vN9A14nkC&q=coolie+no+1+cult+movie&pg=PT572 |title=Encyclopaedia of Hindi Cinema |last2=Govind Nihalani |last3=Saibal Chatterjee |publisher=Popular Prakashan |year=2003 |isbn=978-81-7991-066-5 |page=572}}</ref> On her initial career struggle, she later said:
<blockquote>When I first entered the industry, things were made tough for me. I am not saying that I was singled out. I think every star kid has to go through this. Everyone was so unfair to me. Other newcomers were praised for every little achievement, but I was not given an iota of acknowledgement. When it came to me, it was always, 'Okay, she has done well, but what's the big deal about her?'. Nobody gave a 17-year-old credit for doing my job reasonably well.<ref name="Karisma's Box Office" /></blockquote>

=== Established actress (1996–2000) ===
In 1996, Kapoor appeared in 10 films. Five of them — ''[[Papi Gudia]]'', ''[[Megha (1996 film)|Megha]]'', ''[[Bal Bramhachari (1996 film)|Bal Bramhachari]]'', ''[[Sapoot]]'' and ''[[Rakshak (1996 film)|Rakshak]]'' — were commercially unsuccessful.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/trending-news/story/this-scene-from-akshay-kumar-suniel-shetty-s-film-sapoot-is-so-dumb-that-it-s-funny-watch-video-1981414-2022-07-29|title=This scene from Akshay Kumar-Suniel Shetty's film Sapoot is so dumb that it's funny. Watch video|first=Shubhi |last=Mishra |date=29 July 2022|website=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/media/story/19961231-movie-review-rakshak-starring-sunil-shetty-karisma-kapoor-sonali-bendre-833344-1996-12-30|title=Movie review: Rakshak, starring Sunil Shetty, Karisma Kapoor, Sonali Bendre|website=India Today|date=31 December 1996 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Years/years_detail/1996 |title=Box Office Results 1996 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923154157/http://boxofficeindia.com/Years/years_detail/1996#.VyYYeXpn2W4 |publisher=Box Office India |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref> Her next release was David Dhawan's romantic comedy ''[[Saajan Chale Sasural]]'', co-starring Govinda and Tabu. ''Saajan Chale Sasural'' emerged as a commercial success.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/saajan_chale_sasural |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150805010521/http://boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/saajan_chale_sasural#.VyYZrHpn2W5 |work=Box Office India |title=Saajan Chale Sasural |archive-date=5 August 2015 |access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref> For her fifth release, Kapoor was paired opposite [[Suneil Shetty]] in S. Deepak's box office hit ''[[Krishna (1996 Hindi film)|Krishna]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/krishna_629 |title=Krishna |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=1 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150805002232/http://boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/krishna_629#.VyYbUXpn2W7 |archive-date=5 August 2015}}</ref> She starred alongside Sunny Deol, Salman Khan and Tabu in Raj Kanwar's romantic drama [[Jeet (1996 film)|''Jeet'']]. She played Kajal, a woman who falls in love with a criminal, but ends up marrying another man. Finishing up as the second highest-grossing film of the year, ''Jeet'' emerged as a "super-hit" at the box office.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539581|title=Jeet (1996)|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=4 June 2016|archive-date=1 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140901014515/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539581|url-status=dead}}</ref> Critical reaction was positive on both the film as well as Kapoor's performance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat%3D202%26catName%3DMTk5Ng%3D%3D |title=Archived copy |access-date=12 March 2007 |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080125141035/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=202&catName=MTk5Ng%3D%3D |archivedate=25 January 2008 }}</ref>

That same year, Kapoor starred in [[Dharmesh Darshan]]'s romantic drama ''[[Raja Hindustani]]'' opposite [[Aamir Khan]], in which she played a rich, beautiful heiress who falls for a lowly guide and driver. A modern-day remake of ''[[Jab Jab Phool Khile]]'' (1965), the film emerged as the highest-grossing film of the year<ref name="Box Office Results 1996">{{cite web |title=Box Office Results 1996 |publisher=Box Office India |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/1996.htm |access-date=8 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070827200725/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/1996.htm |archive-date=27 August 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and won Kapoor her first [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress]]. Reviewing her performance for ''[[India Today]]'', [[Anupama Chopra]] described Kapoor as a "revelation" and "the lifeblood of this otherwise banal film."<ref name="review1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/films/story/19961215-movie-review-raja-hindustani-aamir-khan-karisma-kapoor-suresh-oberoi-834228-1996-12-14 |title=Movie review: Raja Hindustani |last=Chopra |first=Anupama |date=15 December 1996 |website=India Today |access-date=25 July 2016}}</ref> The film's success established Kapoor as a leading actress of Hindi cinema, and marked a significant turning point in her career.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/raja-hindustani-can-be-taken-forward-karisma-kapur-607067|title=Raja Hindustani can be taken forward: Karisma Kapur|work=[[NDTV]]|date=26 August 2012|access-date=4 June 2016|archive-date=1 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701192105/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/raja-hindustani-can-be-taken-forward-karisma-kapur-607067|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Raja Hindustani'' was not only the biggest commercial success of 1996, but also one of the most successful films of all time in [[India]] with worldwide revenues of {{INRConvert|765|m}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=All Time Rank |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Collections/allrank?fm=1#.VeEFP_ntmkr |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=1 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121200506/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Collections/allrank/?fm=1#.VeEFP_ntmkr |archive-date=21 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2000/apr/19kari.htm |title=An interview with Karisma Kapoor |work=Rediff.com |access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref> Kapoor's final release of 1996 was Suneel Darshan's action film ''[[Ajay (1996 film)|Ajay]]'', with [[Sunny Deol]]. The film was also a financial success.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ajay |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/ajay |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=1 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150802012204/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/ajay#.VyYhx3pn2W6 |archive-date=2 August 2015}}</ref>

[[File:KarismaKapoor05.jpg|thumb|right|Kapoor at an event in 2013]]

In 1997, Kapoor re-united with [[David Dhawan]] for two projects, the comedy film ''[[Judwaa]]'' (alongside Salman Khan and Rambha), and the romantic comedy ''[[Hero No. 1]]'' (opposite Govinda).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201902|title=Judwaa 1997|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=4 June 2016|archive-date=17 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617153107/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201902|url-status=dead}}</ref> The former's concept was similar to ''Gopi Kishan'' – it tells the story of twin brothers who are separated at birth and re-unite in their youth. Kapoor and Rambha played the love interests of Khan's characters. In ''Hero No. 1'', she played Meena Nath, a girl who falls in love with Govinda's character despite facing disapproval from her strict grandfather (played by [[Paresh Rawal]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539362|title=Hero No. 1 1997|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=4 June 2016|archive-date=17 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617153224/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539362|url-status=dead}}</ref> Both films were critically and commercially successful, and Kapoor gained praise for her comedic timing.<ref>{{cite web |title=Karisma Kapoor |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Star_Cast/actor_detail/karisma_kapoor |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=1 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150918195127/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Star_Cast/actor_detail/karisma_kapoor#.VyYioXpn2W7 |archive-date=18 September 2015}}</ref> She eventually received a nomination for the [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor – Female|Zee Cine Award for Best Actress]] for ''Hero No. 1''.<ref name="KKZCA">{{cite news|url=http://www.zeetelevision.com/programs/cineawds/popaward.htm |title=The 1st Zee Cine Awards 1998 Popular Award Categories Winners |work=Zee TV |access-date=21 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980702044436/http://www.zeetelevision.com/programs/cineawds/popaward.htm |archive-date=2 July 1998 |agency=Zee Entertainment Enterprises}}</ref> She next starred in the Mehul Kumar-directed dramas ''[[Lahu Ke Do Rang (1997 film)|Lahu Ke Do Rang]]'' and ''[[Mrityudata]]'', both of which were critical and commercial failures.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lahoo Ke Do Rang |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/lahoo_ke_do_rang |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=1 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150805004050/http://boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/lahoo_ke_do_rang#.VyYjP3pn2W6 |archive-date=5 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mrityudaata |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/mrityudaata |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=1 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150804223017/http://boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/mrityudaata#.VyYkDHpn2W6 |archive-date=4 August 2015}}</ref>

Kapoor's fifth and final release of 1997 was [[Yash Chopra]]'s musical romantic drama ''[[Dil To Pagal Hai]]''. Co-starring [[Shah Rukh Khan]], [[Madhuri Dixit]] and [[Akshay Kumar]], the film depicts the love lives of the cast and crew in a musical dance troupe.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dil to Pagal Hai : A feel of Youth |url=http://www.screenindia.com/oct31/cover1.htm |access-date=14 November 2018 |work=Screen |date=31 October 1997 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030315155440/http://www.screenindia.com/oct31/cover1.htm |archive-date=15 March 2003}}</ref> Kapoor played Nisha, a bubbly dancer who secretly falls in love with her best friend (played by Khan), who unites with the girl he loves (played by Dixit). Initially hesitant to take on the supporting role, Kapoor was cast by Chopra (who was impressed by her work in ''Raja Hindustani'') after several leading actresses of the time had rejected it.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bhattacharya |first1=Roshmila |title=Karisma Kapoor was the 5th choice for Dil To Pagal Hai |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Karisma-Kapoor-was-the-5th-choice-for-Dil-To-Pagal-Hai-after-Kajol-Manisha-Koirala-Juhi-Chawla-and-Urmila/articleshow/21909104.cms |work=Mumbai Mirror |access-date=1 May 2016 |date=19 August 2013}}</ref> ''Dil To Pagal Hai'' emerged as a blockbuster at the box office and proved to be the highest-grossing film of the year.<ref name="Box Office Results 1997">{{cite web |title=Box Office Results 1997 |publisher=Box Office India |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/1997.htm |access-date=8 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070824132012/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/1997.htm |archive-date=24 August 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Kapoor received widespread praise for her portrayal, and she eventually won the [[National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress|National Film Award]] and [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Filmfare Award]] for Best Supporting Actress.<ref>{{cite news |title=Indrani Haldar, Karisma Kapoor bag national awards |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1998/may/09film.htm |access-date=13 November 2018 |work=Rediff.com |date=9 May 1998 |archive-date=17 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917162638/http://www.rediff.com/news/1998/may/09film.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timescontent.com/syndication-photos/reprint/filmfare/524048/filmfare-awards-awards-ceremony-awa.html |title=43rd Filmfare Awards 1998 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=31 January 1998 |access-date=30 December 2020 }}</ref>

Kapoor's diminutive comeback in 1999 proved to be good as she took part in the year's most successful films. Kapoor starred in four hits. She next re-united with Dhawan and [[Salman Khan]] (alongside [[Sushmita Sen]]) for the romantic comedy ''[[Biwi No.1]]'', in which she portrayed Pooja, a woman whose husband gets involved in an extra-marital affair with a model.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vijiyan |first=K.N. |date=12 June 1999 |title=See 'Biwi' for stars and Salman's antics |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=x8G803Bi31IC&dat=19990612&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |work=[[The New Straits Times]] |page=24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/1999/may/29biw.htm|title=Bad show|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=29 May 1999|access-date=4 June 2016|last=Ashraf|first=Syed Firdaus|archive-date=20 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150720014744/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/1999/may/29biw.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The film, which emerged as a major commercial success, earned Kapoor critical praise for her performance. Kapoor received a second Best Actress nomination at Filmfare for her work in the film.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000214/main5.htm |title=Aishwarya, Sanjay win Filmfare awards |work=The Tribune |date=13 February 2000 |author=[[Press Trust of India]] |location=Mumbai, India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020825020442/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000214/main5.htm |archive-date=25 August 2002 |access-date=30 December 2020 |url-status=live |language=en }}</ref> She proved to be successful with comedy films, as another of David Dhawan's films ''[[Haseena Maan Jaayegi]]'', did fairly well at the box office.<ref name="Box Office Results 1999">{{cite web |title=Box Office Results 1999 |publisher=Box Office India |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/1999.htm |access-date=8 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825181325/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/1999.htm |archive-date=25 August 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Kapoor collaborated for the first time with the [[Rajshri Productions]] for the family drama ''[[Hum Saath-Saath Hain: We Stand United]]'', opposite [[Saif Ali Khan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/sonali-bendre-karisma-kapoor-dance-hum-saath-saath-hai-song-indias-best-dancer-season-3-2413578-2023-07-29 |title=Watch - Sonali Bendre and Karisma Kapoor relive 'Hum Saath Saath Hai' days; Tabu reacts |website=India Today |date=29 July 2023 |accessdate=12 September 2023}}</ref> The film featured an ensemble cast ([[Mohnish Behl]], [[Salman Khan]], [[Sonali Bendre]] and [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]]), proving to be one of the biggest Hindi film successes of all time in the market, earning {{INRConvert|817|m}} worldwide.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/hum-saath-saath-hain-lesser-known-facts/photostory/48189183.cms| title=Hum Saath-Saath Hain: Lesser known facts about the biggest hit of 1999| access-date=29 November 2021| newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref> Alok Kumar stated, "Karisma doesn't have much to do, but looks good in doing whatever she does."<ref>{{cite news |title=Hum Saath Saath Hain Movie Review |url=http://www.indolink.com/Film/hssh.html |access-date=22 September 2021 |work=Planet Bollywood |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530220145/http://www.indolink.com/Film/hssh.html |archive-date=30 May 2016}}</ref> Her last release of the year, ''[[Jaanwar (1999 film)|Jaanwar]]'', opposite [[Akshay Kumar]], was another box office hit, making her the most successful actress of the year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/1999/dec/24jaan.htm|title=Jaanwar (1999)|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=24 December 1999|access-date=4 June 2016|last=Verma|first=Sukanya|archive-date=6 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106205907/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/1999/dec/24jaan.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="topactresses">{{cite web |title=Top Actresses |work=Box Office India |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/topactresses.htm |access-date=28 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825103923/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/topactresses.htm  |archive-date=25 August 2007}}</ref> ''[[Silsila Hai Pyar Ka]]'' was her other film of the year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/54587|title=Silsila Hai Pyar Ka (1999)|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=4 June 2016|archive-date=1 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001053932/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/54587|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Kapoor's first release of 2000 was Dhawan's romantic comedy ''[[Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge]]'', opposite [[Salman Khan]]. She played Sapna, a girl who falls for Khan's character while on a foreign trip, however, she finds it tough to convince her three uncles of this relationship.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ugwyAAAAIBAJ&dq=vijiyan+review+new+straits+times&pg=PA47&article_id=4674,3762991|title=Dulhan Hum Le Jayange|page=3|date=1 April 2000|work=[[New Straits Times]]|first=K. N.|last=Vijiyan|access-date=19 January 2024|archive-date=19 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119014018/https://books.google.com/books?id=ugwyAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA47&dq=vijiyan+review+new+straits+times&article_id=4674,3762991&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjE_rSQieiDAxWSv4kEHXBQB2w4ChDoAXoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=vijiyan%20review%20new%20straits%20times&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> The film finished up as one of the biggest hits of the year. Aparajita Saha of ''Rediff'' commented: "Karisma Kapoor and Salman Khan elicit more than their fair share of cat-calls in the movie and make a delectable pair. Both are in form – Karisma kapoor looks glamorous and at ease while Salman khan has perfected the lost-boy-muscle-man get-up".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2000/mar/25dulhan.htm |title=Review of Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge |publisher=Rediff |access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref> Kapoor's next two releases, the romantic comedies ''[[Chal Mere Bhai]]'' (opposite Khan and Dutt) and ''[[Hum To Mohabbat Karega]]'' (opposite [[Bobby Deol]]) failed to do well at the box office.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2000/may/06chal.htm|title=Not again!|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=6 May 2000|access-date=4 June 2016|last=Taliculam|first=Sharmila|archive-date=21 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421175624/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2000/may/06chal.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/2000.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070828012801/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/2000.htm |title=Box Office Results 2000 |archive-date=28 August 2007 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref>

That same year, Kapoor won her second Filmfare Award for Best Actress,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cscsarchive.org:8081/MediaArchive/art.nsf/94ff8a4a35a9b8876525698d002642a9/e58091a547dffcb56525693f001c8d3c/$FILE/a0031411.pdf|title=46th Annual Filmfare Awards|work=The Times of India|access-date=16 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725213651/http://www.cscsarchive.org:8081/MediaArchive/art.nsf/94ff8a4a35a9b8876525698d002642a9/e58091a547dffcb56525693f001c8d3c/$FILE/a0031411.pdf|archive-date=25 July 2011|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> for portraying the title role of a disillusioned girl in search of her brother, in [[Khalid Mohammed]]'s acclaimed crime drama ''[[Fiza]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2000/sep/07fiza.htm |title=Movies: Fiza review |work=Rediff.com |first=Prem |last=Panicker |access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref> Cast against type in a non-glamorous role, her performance was highly applauded, several critics noted her for showing great emotional range and depth. Mimmy Jain of ''[[The Indian Express]]'', in a positive review, wrote: "As the young girl who is sick of the suspense and disruption that her brother's disappearance has caused in her family's life, as the obstinate daughter who will not listen to her mother's plea to let her keep hoping for her son, as the determined sister who keeps on in her hunt for her brother despite all odds and then seeks to keep him on the right path, this is a new Karisma, and one that delivers a superbly flawless performance."<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=The Indian Express |last=Jain |first=Mimmy |date=16 September 2000 |access-date=24 December 2011 |title=Return to reality |url=http://www.expressindia.com/fe/daily/20000916/fle10037.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130123021833/http://www.expressindia.com/fe/daily/20000916/fle10037.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 January 2013 }}</ref><ref name="Fiza">{{cite web |title=Fiza: Movie Review |work=Fiza – Review |url=http://www.indiafm.com/movies/review/6577/index.html |access-date=8 September 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070810183450/http://www.indiafm.com/movies/review/6577/index.html |archive-date=10 August 2007}}</ref><ref name="topactresses" /> The film emerged as a "semi-hit" at the box office with a worldwide gross of {{INRConvert|878|m}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fiza |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/fiza#.Vc0cF_ntmko |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=1 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831172655/http://boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/fiza#.VyYn0npn2W4 |archive-date=31 August 2015}}</ref>

=== Critical recognition and hiatus (2001–2011) ===

In 2001, she achieved further critical acclaim for her portrayal of an ill-fated actress in the biographical drama ''[[Zubeidaa]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/jan/22zub.htm|title=13 thoughts on watching Zubeidaa|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=22 January 2001|access-date=4 June 2016|last=Alikhan|first=Anvar|archive-date=9 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109152648/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/jan/22zub.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Directed by [[Shyam Benegal]], the film was based on the life of [[Zubeida Begum]], who married [[Hanwant Singh]]. ''[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]'' complimented her by arguing that she "has surpassed herself as the passionate, defiant, wilful and troubled Zubeidaa, the truly modern woman."<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010211/spectrum/main2.htm |title=A vision of female follies & desires |date=11 February 2001 |last=Sekhon |first=Aradhika |access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref> In an interview with ''Rediff'' she explained: "I have been here so long, I have done everything. lead roles, supporting roles, everything. How do I grow as a performer? If I keep doing commercial cinema, I will stagnate and I wanted to grow".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/jan/22kar.htm |title=Movies: The Rediff Interview: Karisma Kapoor |publisher=Rediff |access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref> For her work, she won the [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress]] and garnered a Best Actress nomination at the ceremony.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dhirad |first=Sandeep |date=2006 |title=Filmfare Nominees and Winners |url=https://sites.google.com/site/deep750/FilmfareAwards.pdf?attredirects=0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019034032/https://sites.google.com/site/deep750/FilmfareAwards.pdf?attredirects=0 |archive-date=19 October 2015 |access-date=18 May 2021 |website=[[Filmfare Awards]]}}</ref> Co-starring [[Rekha]] and [[Manoj Bajpai]], the film had worldwide earnings of over {{INRConvert|239.552|m}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=All Time Rank |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Collections/allrank/?10 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=1 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929123858/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Collections/allrank/?10#.VyYpBnpn2W6 |archive-date=29 September 2015}}</ref> She next starred alongside Bobby Deol and [[Rahul Dev]] in [[Indra Kumar]]'s ''[[Aashiq (2001 film)|Aashiq]]'' – the movie received little praise from critics, though it proved to be a modest success, grossing over {{INRConvert|260|m}} domestically.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ibosnetwork.com/asp/filmbodetails.asp?id=Aashiq |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130803111910/http://ibosnetwork.com/asp/filmbodetails.asp?id=Aashiq |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 August 2013 |title=Aashiq's box office, news, reviews, video, pictures, and music soundtrack |publisher=Ibosnetwork.com |date=12 July 2010 |access-date=25 July 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/aashiq#.U3aKf_l_tv8 |title=Aashiq |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=1 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019085638/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/aashiq#.VyYpeXpn2W5 |archive-date=19 October 2015}}</ref> Suneel Darshan's social drama ''[[Ek Rishtaa: The Bond of Love]]'' was Kapoor's next release. Co-starring [[Amitabh Bachchan]] and Akshay Kumar, the film became one of the biggest hits of the year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ibosnetwork.com/asp/filmbodetails.asp?id=Ek+Rishtaa |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130628110155/http://ibosnetwork.com/asp/filmbodetails.asp?id=Ek+Rishtaa |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 June 2013 |title=Ek Rishta's box office, news, reviews, video, pictures, and music soundtrack |publisher=Ibosnetwork.com |date=12 July 2010 |access-date=25 July 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ek Rishtaa – The Bond Of Love |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/ek_rishtaa__the_bond_of_love |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=1 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150731201945/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/ek_rishtaa__the_bond_of_love#.VyYqHXpn2W7 |archive-date=31 July 2015}}</ref>

In 2002, Kapoor had three film releases, the first of which was the romantic drama ''[[Haan Maine Bhi Pyaar Kiya]]'', opposite [[Akshay Kumar]] and [[Abhishek Bachchan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8aa69d79|title=Haan... Maine Bhi Pyaar Kiya|work=[[British Film Institute]]|access-date=4 June 2016|archive-date=17 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817100209/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8aa69d79|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/haan-maine-bhi-pyaar-kiya/critic-review/haan-maine-bhi-pyaar-kiya-movie-review/|title=Haan Maine Bhi Pyaar Kiya Review|first=Taran|last=Adarsh|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=15 February 2002|access-date=8 August 2024|archive-date=29 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150129183922/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/reviews/type/view/id/744|url-status=live}}</ref> She next starred alongside Nana Patekar in the [[Gynocentrism|woman-centric]] drama ''[[Shakti: The Power]]'', playing the role of Nandini, a woman who wants to escape from her in-laws (involved in feudal gang wars) along with her son, after her husband's death.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/sep/20shakti.htm|title=Run Lolo Run|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=20 September 2002|access-date=4 June 2016|last=Verma|first=Sukanya|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305052839/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/sep/20shakti.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The film, a remake of the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film ''[[Antahpuram]]'' (1998), was itself based on the life of author [[Betty Mahmoody]]. ''Shakti: The Power'' was critically acclaimed and also earned Kapoor highly positive reviews for her portrayal – Taran Adarsh reviewed: "The power clearly belongs to Kapoor. Breathing fire and venom to win back her son from the clutches of a despot, the actress gives it all to the character of a helpless mother and proves what a virtuoso performer she is. Playing the part of a wounded tigress, this is one performance that overshadows all the performances the year has seen so far".<ref name="Shakti – The Power">{{cite web |title=Shakti – The Power: Movie Review |work=IndiaFM |url=http://www.indiafm.com/movies/review/11612/index.html |access-date=8 September 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070807110214/http://www.indiafm.com/movies/review/11612/index.html |archive-date=7 August 2007}}</ref> Kapoor's work in the film earned her Best Actress nominations at several award ceremonies, including a fifth nomination at Filmfare.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dhirad |first=Sandeep |date=2006 |title=Filmfare Nominees and Winners |url=https://sites.google.com/site/deep750/FilmfareAwards.pdf?attredirects=0 |url-status=live |pages=116–119 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019034032/https://sites.google.com/site/deep750/FilmfareAwards.pdf?attredirects=0 |archive-date=19 October 2015 |access-date=26 August 2021 |work=[[Filmfare]] }}</ref> Her final release that year was [[Indra Kumar]]'s romantic drama ''[[Rishtey (2002 film)|Rishtey]]'', alongside [[Anil Kapoor]] and [[Shilpa Shetty]]. She featured as Komal, a wealthy woman who falls in love with a poorer man and marries him against her father's wishes. Despite much anticipation, Kapoor's all three releases that year underperformed at the box office.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/2002.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070829172052/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/2002.htm |title=Box Office Results 2002 |archive-date=29 August 2007 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite web |title=Top Adjusted Nett Grossers All Time |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Collections/adjnet?fm=1 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=1 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929190726/http://boxofficeindia.com/Collections/adjnet?fm=1#.VcoHVPntmko |archive-date=29 September 2015}}</ref>

In 2003, she starred in ''[[Baaz: A Bird in Danger]]'' opposite [[Dino Morea]], which was her only release that year. The film performed poorly at the box-office.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=554|title=Baaz - A Bird in Danger - Movie - Box Office India|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=19 April 2021|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510063830/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=554|url-status=live}}</ref> Later in the same year, she made her television debut in the [[Sahara One]] soap opera ''[[Karishma – The Miracles of Destiny]]'', in which she played a dual role of a grandmother and granddaughter. The serial ended after 260 episodes in 2004 and she took a sabbatical from full-time acting for several years.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Bollywood-celebrities-with-flops-on-television/Bollywood-celebrities-with-flops-on-television/photostory/48189142.cms|title=Bollywood celebrities with flops on television|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=23 July 2015|access-date=4 June 2016}}{{dead link|date=April 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindujobs.com/thehindu/mp/2002/10/07/stories/2002100700090200.htm |title=The Hindu : Karisma's TV incarnation |publisher=Hindujobs.com |date=7 October 2002 |accessdate=30 September 2012}}</ref>

In 2006, Kapoor was seen in ''[[Mere Jeevan Saathi (2006 film)|Mere Jeevan Saathi]]'' – the film had been shot and completed in 2003, but was delayed for three years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2006/02/07/mere_jeevan_2006_review.shtml|title=Mere Jeevan Saathi (My Soulmate) (2006)|last=Pandohar|first=Jaspreet|date=28 January 2006|access-date=4 June 2016|publisher=[[BBC]]|archive-date=2 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402104446/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2006/02/07/mere_jeevan_2006_review.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> She played the role of an obsessive lover opposite Akshay Kumar and the film became a box office bomb.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=382|title=Mere Jeevan Saathi – Movie|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117232910/https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=382|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/karisma/20040504.htm|title=This is not a Shah Rukh kind of role: Karisma|first=Syed Firdaus|last=Ashraf|website=Rediff|access-date=24 July 2022|archive-date=24 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724011220/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/karisma/20040504.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2008, she first judged ''Aaja Mahi Vay'' and later alongside actor [[Arjun Rampal]] and director–choreographer [[Farah Khan]], Kapoor began judging season four of the dance show ''[[Nach Baliye]]'', and continued the following year with the comedy show ''Hans Baliye''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/television/karisma-kapoor-i-may-do-tv-again-633002|title=Karisma Kapoor: I may do TV again|publisher=[[NDTV]]|date=1 May 2013|access-date=4 June 2016|archive-date=1 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701192518/http://movies.ndtv.com/television/karisma-kapoor-i-may-do-tv-again-633002|url-status=live}}</ref> In addition to this, she had a cameo in the song "Deewangi Deewangi" from the 2007 melodrama ''[[Om Shanti Om]]'', and in 2008, was as a guest on the reality television show ''Wife Bina Life'' (2010).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-karisma-talks-about-hans-baliye/20090529.htm|title=Dance is easier to judge than comedy|work=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=20 April 2017|archive-date=21 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421092042/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-karisma-talks-about-hans-baliye/20090529.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2011, Kapoor voiced sister Kareena Kapoor's character in the film ''[[Bodyguard (2011 Hindi film)|Bodyguard]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/heroines-who-made-a-comeback-to-bollywood-24475.html|title=5 heroines who made a comeback to Bollywood|publisher=[[India TV]]|date=8 October 2015|access-date=4 June 2016|archive-date=28 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528223314/http://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/heroines-who-made-a-comeback-to-bollywood-24475.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Intermittent work (2012–present) ===
[[File:Karisma Kapoor graces the Satya Paul Winter Blossom collection launch (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|upright|Kapoor at an event in 2019]]

Kapoor made her comeback as an actress with a leading role in [[Vikram Bhatt]]'s supernatural thriller ''[[Dangerous Ishhq]]'', in 2012. Co-starring [[Rajneesh Duggal]], the film spans a period of four centuries and tells four different love stories set in different time periods. Kapoor played four characters, one from each century.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/Dangerous-Ishhq/movie-review/13079196.cms |title=Dangerous Ishhq Movie Review |work=The Times of India |date=11 May 2012 |access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref> A major critical and box office failure, the film generated positive reviews for Kapoor's portrayal. Taran Adarsh of ''Bollywood Hungama'' commented: "Kapoor puts forth her best efforts, getting to deliver lines in varied dialects. She gets the dialects right, especially Urdu and Rajasthani, but there's not much scope for her to display her acting prowess".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/537910 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120410210745/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/537910 |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 April 2012 |title=Dangerous Ishhq |first=Taran |last=Adarsh |date=11 May 2012 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref> In 2013, Kapoor made a special appearance along with several other actors in the [[Apna Bombay Talkies|titular song]] of the anthology film ''[[Bombay Talkies (film)|Bombay Talkies]]'', which was made to honour the Hindi film industry for completing a centenary.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/kareena-vidya-priyanka-and-17-more-a-listers-come-together-for-bombay-talkies/article1-1050076.aspx |title=Rani, Karisma, Vidya, Priyanka, and 15 more A-listers come together for Bombay Talkies |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=25 April 2014 |accessdate=19 November 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129202312/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/kareena-vidya-priyanka-and-17-more-a-listers-come-together-for-bombay-talkies/article1-1050076.aspx |archivedate=29 November 2014 |df=dmy }}</ref> That year, she also appeared on the show ''Indian Princess''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/karisma-prachi--other-stars-at-indian-princess-international-pageant-imagegallery-bollywood-ndjmsKchgiesi.html|title=Karisma, Prachi & other stars at Indian Princess International pageant|website=[[Sify]]|access-date=20 April 2017|archive-date=21 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421093230/http://www.sify.com/movies/karisma-prachi--other-stars-at-indian-princess-international-pageant-imagegallery-bollywood-ndjmsKchgiesi.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2018, Kapoor made a special appearance in the [[Aanand L. Rai]]-directed romantic comedy ''[[Zero (2018 film)|Zero]]''.<ref name="IT special apps">{{cite web |url=http://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/dwarf-srk-serenades-his-lovely-ladies-again/articleshow/60916407.cms |title='Dwarf' SRK serenades his lovely ladies again – Pune Mirror - |work=Pune Mirror |date=3 October 2017 |access-date=4 November 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029175920/http://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/dwarf-srk-serenades-his-lovely-ladies-again/articleshow/60916407.cms |archive-date=29 October 2017}}</ref> Kapoor made her web debut with [[Ekta Kapoor]]'s ''[[Mentalhood]]'' that released on [[ALTBalaji]] in 2020. The series revolves around different natures of mothers and showcases how they try their best to raise their children.<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/television/web-series/story/karishma-kapoor-to-make-digital-debut-with-ekta-kapoor-s-mentalhood-see-first-look-1531746-2019-05-22 Karishma Kapoor to make her digital debut with Ekta Kapoor's new series titled 'Mentalhood'] ''India Today'' Retrieved 29 August 2021</ref> Devansh Sharma of ''[[Firstpost]]'' opined, "One gradually warms up to Karisma in ''Mentalhood''. Not at any point does she attempt to steal the spotlight, and blends well into the stellar ensemble the show offers."<ref>[https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/mentalhood-review-karisma-kapoor-tillotama-shome-shine-in-alt-balaji-show-thats-curiously-similar-to-big-little-lies-8158751.html/amp Mentalhood review: Karisma Kapoor, Tillotama Shome shine in this show that's curiously similar to Big Little Lies] ''Firstpost'' Retrieved 22 March 2020</ref>

In 2024, Kapoor made her comeback to films, with [[Homi Adajania]]'s mystery-thriller, ''[[Murder Mubarak]]'', portraying a sophisticated actress.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karisma Kapoor to mark her comeback with Homi Adajania's directorial 'Murder Mubarak' |work=The Print |date=19 February 2023 |access-date=22 February 2023 |url=https://theprint.in/features/karisma-kapoor-begins-shoot-of-homi-adajanias-directorial-murder-mubarak-2/1384538/?amp}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Karisma Kapoor begins shoot of Homi Adajania's directorial 'Murder Mubarak' |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=20 February 2023 |access-date=24 February 2023 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/karisma-kapoor-begins-shoot-of-homi-adajanias-directorial-murder-mubarak/articleshow/98079826.cms}}</ref> Pratikshya Mishra from ''[[The Quint]]'' praised her for playing an "elusive star" and noted, "The tragedy evident in her characterisation comes through purely because of how expressive her eyes can be."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Murder Mubarak Review: A delicious mix of an engaging whodunnit and social satire |work=[[The Quint]] |date=15 March 2024 |access-date=15 March 2024 |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/murder-mubarak-full-movie-review-netflix-sara-ali-khan-dimpla-kapadia-karisma-kapoor-ott-sanjay-kapoor-vijay-varma-pankaj-tripathi}}</ref> She received the [[Filmfare OTT Awards|Filmfare OTT Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Web Original Film – Female]] nomination for the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-danube-properties-filmfare-ott-awards-2024-full-list-69862.html|title=Nominations for the Danube Properties Filmfare OTT Awards 2024: Full List|date=28 November 2023|access-date=29 November 2023|work=Filmfare}}</ref> Later that year, she made her comeback to television as a judge on ''[[India's Best Dancer (Hindi TV series) season 4|India's Best Dancer 4]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 June 2024 |title=Karisma Kapoor joins the judges' panel for the fourth season of India's Best Dancer |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/karisma-kapoor-to-be-guest-judge-on-super-dancer-4-3992489.html |access-date=21 June 2024 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>

Kapoor has completed her second web series, ''Brown''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 January 2023 |title=Karisma Kapoor starrer 'Brown' becomes the only Indian web series to make it to Berlin Market Selects 2023 |url=https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/web-series/karisma-kapoor-starrer-brown-becomes-the-only-indian-web-series-to-make-it-to-berlin-market-selects-2023-2562640.html#:~:text=YOU%20MAY%20LIKE%20TO%20READ&text=New%20Delhi%3A%20Zee%20Studios'%20neo,notable%20Berlinale%20Series%20Market%20Selects. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715053944/https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/web-series/karisma-kapoor-starrer-brown-becomes-the-only-indian-web-series-to-make-it-to-berlin-market-selects-2023-2562640.html#:~:text=YOU%20MAY%20LIKE%20TO%20READ&text=New%20Delhi%3A%20Zee%20Studios'%20neo,notable%20Berlinale%20Series%20Market%20Selects. |archive-date=15 July 2021 |access-date=19 February 2023 |website=[[Zee News]] |language=en}}</ref> She will also appear in the unscripted variety series, ''Dining With The Kapoors''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2025 |title=Netflix promises a closer look at Bollywood's Kapoor family with 'Dining With The Kapoors' |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/ranbir-kapoor-kareena-kapoor-khan-karisma-kapoor-to-feature-in-netflixs-upcoming-variety-show-dining-with-the-kapoors/cid/2081485 |access-date=21 September 2025 |website=The Telegraph |language=en}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Kapoor was in a relationship with her ''Jigar'' co-star [[Ajay Devgn]] from 1992 until 1995.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/CEL-when-ajay-devgn-left-karisma-kapoor-and-married-kajol-4305245-PHO.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130706001754/http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/CEL-when-ajay-devgn-left-karisma-kapoor-and-married-kajol-4305245-PHO.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 July 2013 |title=When Ajay Devgn left Karisma Kapoor and married Kajol |work=Daily Bhaskar |access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref> She was engaged to [[Abhishek Bachchan]] in 2002 after multiple years together, but the engagement was called off after a few months.<ref>{{cite news |title=Karisma Kapoor: Low points of her life |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/karisma-kapoor-low-points-of-her-life/karisma-kapoor-5-low-points-of-karisma-kapoors-life/photostory/35337418.cms |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref>

On 29 September 2003, she married industrialist [[Sunjay Kapur]], the CEO of Sixt India, in a high-profile [[Anand Karaj|Sikh wedding]] ceremony at her ancestral home, Krishna Raj Bungalow, in [[Mumbai]]. The couple has a daughter, Samaira, born on 11 March 2005 and a son, Kiaan, born on 12 March 2010.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pacheco |first1=Sunitra |title=Karisma Kapoor, Sunjay Kapur to be divorced next year due to trust issues |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/karisma-kapoor-sunjay-kapur-to-be-divorced-only-next-year-due-to-trust-issues/ |website=The Indian Express |access-date=21 September 2015 |date=30 December 2014}}</ref> In 2014, the couple filed for divorce through mutual consent.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/gossip/story/karisma-married-me-on-a-rebound-after-her-breakup-with-abhishek-bachchan-says-sunjay-kapoor-303921-2016-01-15 |title=Karisma married me on a rebound after her break-up with Abhishek Bachchan, says Sunjay Kapur |work=India Today |date=15 January 2016 |access-date=4 February 2016}}</ref> In November 2015, the couple had filed applications to withdraw their consent to it. The couple's divorce was finalised in 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/karisma-kapoor-and-sunjay-kapurs-divorce-called-off/16720175 |title=Karisma Kapoor and Sunjay Kapur's divorce called off |date=28 November 2015 |work=Mid-day |access-date=4 February 2016}}</ref>

In 2016, Karisma Kapoor filed a domestic violence case against Sunjay Kapur and his mother, accusing them of physical abuse and claiming Sunjay was involved with another woman.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sukumaran |first=Shradha |date=2016-03-02 |title=Silence is golden: Why Kareena prefers staying mum on sister Karisma's bitter divorce |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/silence-is-golden-why-kareena-prefers-staying-mum-on-sister-karismas-bitter-divorce/articleshow/51218654.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-10-17 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> She also filed a dowry harassment case, leading to a summons for Sunjay by the Mumbai police. The couple was already locked in a bitter divorce and custody battle.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sukumaran |first=Shradha |date=2016-03-02 |title=Karisma Kapoor files domestic violence case against husband Sunjay |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/karisma-kapoor-files-dowry-harassment-case-against-sunjay-mom-in-law/story-vRV79vqwXFZNTEDSYWAt3M.html |access-date=2024-10-17 |work=Hindustan Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

On taking a break from her acting career for her kids and family, Kapoor said, it was a "conscious decision".<ref>{{cite news |title=Karisma Kapoor says taking a break from films after embracing motherhood had been a conscious decision |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/karisma-kapoor-says-taking-a-break-from-films-after-embracing-motherhood-had-been-a-conscious-decision/articleshow/84171604.cms |access-date=31 July 2021 |work=The Times of India |agency=The Times Group |archive-date=31 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731134547/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/karisma-kapoor-says-taking-a-break-from-films-after-embracing-motherhood-had-been-a-conscious-decision/articleshow/84171604.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> She further said,{{Blockquote|"It [acting] is ingrained in you. It is something that never goes away. I was waiting for something really interesting. It was out of my choice that I didn't do any film because my kids were very young. I wanted to be at home with my family and children."<ref>{{cite news |title=Karisma Kapoor on not doing films: It was my choice. I wanted to be at home |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/it-was-my-choice-not-to-do-films-for-a-while-karisma-kapoor-1531597-2019-05-22 |access-date=31 July 2021 |work=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]] |publisher=India Today |archive-date=31 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731134547/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/it-was-my-choice-not-to-do-films-for-a-while-karisma-kapoor-1531597-2019-05-22 |url-status=live }}</ref>}}After the death Karishma's ex-husband Sunjay Kapur in June 2025, his children with actor Karisma Kapoor — Samaira Kapur and Kiaan Raj Kapur — initiated legal proceedings in the Delhi High Court challenging the validity of a will presented by Kapur’s widow, Priya Sachdev Kapur. The children alleged that the will, which reportedly left most of Kapur’s estimated ₹30,000-crore estate to Priya Sachdev, was forged or irregular and sought court intervention to secure their inheritance rights and prevent transfer of assets while the dispute is adjudicated. <ref>{{Cite news |title=Karisma Kapoor Calls Priya Kapur's Bid In Supreme Court To See Divorce Papers "Frivolous" |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/karisma-kapoor-calls-priya-kapurs-bid-in-supreme-court-to-see-sunjay-kapur-divorce-paper-frivolous-10763957 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260117080708/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/karisma-kapoor-calls-priya-kapurs-bid-in-supreme-court-to-see-sunjay-kapur-divorce-paper-frivolous-10763957 |archive-date=2026-01-17 |access-date=2026-03-08 |work=www.ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Priya Kapur accused of will forgery; Karisma Kapoor’s children move Delhi High Court for share in late father’s Rs 30,000 crore estate |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/trending/karisma-kapoors-children-move-delhi-hc-accuse-stepmother-priya-kapur-of-forging-sunjay-kapurs-will-in-30000-crore-estate-dispute/articleshow/123973945.html |access-date=2026-03-08 |website=Indiatimes |language=en}}</ref>

== Off-screen work ==
[[File:Karisma Kapoor at Babyoye.com online store for baby products 03.jpg|thumb|Kapoor at an event for Babyoye in 2012, in which she is a shareholder.]]

Kapoor supports her close friend Salman Khan's charitable trust [[Being Human Foundation]], for which she walked ramp during "The Couture for a Cause - The Being Human Show" in 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Vogue India |url=https://www.vogue.in/content/salman-khans-being-human-show/amp |title=Salman Khan's The Being Human Show, 2010 |access-date=12 November 2010 |work=Vogue |date=11 October 2010 |archive-date=3 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203183724/https://www.vogue.in/content/salman-khans-being-human-show/amp |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2005, along with other Bollywood stars, Kapoor performed at the ''HELP! Telethon Concert'', raising money for the victims of the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Bollywood unites to present caring face |date=8 February 2005 |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050208/asp/nation/story_4351693.asp |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120914142032/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050208/asp/nation/story_4351693.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 September 2012 |newspaper=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]] |access-date=21 February 2005}}</ref> In 2010, Kapoor, along with Salman Khan and several other Bollywood actresses walked at the HDIL India Couture Week, for a charity cause. Kapoor was a goodwill ambassador for Pinkathon 2012 for breast cancer awareness.<ref>{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QYWk2SF8KV8 |title=Bollywood hotties walk with Salman Khan |date=11 October 2010 |access-date=1 May 2016 |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Later in 2013, Kapoor participated in a campaign with [[Priyanka Chopra]] to highlight the rights of girls in India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gulfnews.com/arts-entertainment/celebrity/karisma-kapoor-performs-for-girl-s-charity-1.1262132 |title=Karisma Kapoor performs for girl's charity |website=Gulf News |date=2 December 2013 |access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref>

Kapoor has been part of several stage shows and world tours since the '90s. The Heartthrobs: Live in Concert was performed across the United States and Canada alongside [[Arjun Rampal]], [[Hrithik Roshan]], Kareena Kapoor and [[Aftab Shivdasani]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/jun/27hrit.htm |title=Why Britney bowled over Hrithik |access-date=16 April 2008 |author=Jha, Subhash K |date=27 June 2002 |work=Rediff.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093103/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/jun/27hrit.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> In 2016, she participated in the Hiru Golden Film Awards in [[Sri Lanka]] as a special guest along with several other Bollywood actors, including [[Neil Nitin Mukesh]], [[Suniel Shetty]] (Sunil Shetty), [[Jackie Shroff]], [[Sridevi]], and [[Madhuri Dixit]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hirugoldenfilmawards.lk/ |title=Hiru=Award Golden Film Awards |access-date=5 September 2016 |publisher=hirugoldenfilmawards.hirutv.lk}}</ref> In addition to acting and philanthropy, Kapoor has been a celebrity endorser for several brands, including [[Kellogg's]], Crescent Lawn, Admix Retail, Danone and [[Garnier|Garnier Colour]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ishare.rediff.com/video/others/karisma-kapoor-in-kelloggs-choco-ad/2272251 |title=karisma kapoor in kelloggs choco ad Video – Rediff Videos |work=Rediff.com |access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-04-17/news/38616549_1_brand-ambassador-karisma-kapoor-tv-commercials |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130419005439/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-04-17/news/38616549_1_brand-ambassador-karisma-kapoor-tv-commercials |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 April 2013 |title=Danone signs Karisma Kapoor as brand ambassador |work=The Economic Times |access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.farwacouture.com/crescent-lawn-2013-faraz-manan-2012-karishma-kapoor-photo-images |title=Crescent Lawn – Exclusive Photo Karishma Kapoor by Faraz Manan – Pakistani Latest Fashion & Designer Lawn / Party Dresses Collection |work=Farwacouture.com |access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/garnier-colour-naturals-signs-karishma-kapoor/833276/ |title=Garnier Colour Naturals signs Karishma Kapoor |work=The Indian Express |access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref> Kapoor has also walked the runway for such designers as [[Manish Malhotra]], Arpita Mehta,<ref name=autogenerated3>{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/lakme-fashion-weeks-stunning-showstoppers-karisma-kalki-nargis/#arpitamehta-karisma |title=PHOTOS: Lakme Fashion Week's stunning showstoppers – Karisma, Kalki Nargis |date=16 March 2014 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref> and Vikram Phadnis.<ref name=autogenerated2>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/lakme-fashion-week-2013/photo/karishma-kapoor-dazzles-with-gold-radiance-in-lakme-fashion-week-370468-2013-08-26 |title=Karisma Kapoor turns golden girl for Vikram Phadnis during LFW 2013 |work=India Today |date=26 August 2013 |access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref>

Kapoor is a shareholder in the children's product company Babyoye.com, an ecommerce startup specialising in selling infant- and mother-care products.<ref>{{cite web |author=ET Entrepreneurship |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/biz-entrepreneurship/11-cricket-movie-stars-who-invested-in-startups/slideshow/51852861.cms |title=11 cricket & movie stars who invested in startups |website=Economics Times |access-date=25 April 2020}}</ref> In 2013, she wrote a book "My Yummy Mummy Guide: From Getting Pregnant to losing all the weight and beyond", a guide to motherhood filled with post pregnancy tips for women.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/349688/actress-karisma-kapoor-pens-book.html |title=Actress Karisma Kapoor pens book on motherhood |website=Deccan Herald |access-date=15 February 2018 |date=7 August 2013}}</ref>

== Reception and public image==
Kapoor is considered as one of the most popular actresses of Indian cinema.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/cmcm/aishwarya-karisma-to-preity-90s-bollywood-actresses-then-and-now |title=Shilpa, Karisma to Sonali: 90s Bollywood actresses, then and now |website=Free Press Journal |access-date=28 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/cinema/100-years-of-indian-cinema/photo/top-actresses-of-bollywood-ever-367543-2012-05-01/2 |title=Top heroines of Bollywood |access-date=28 March 2020 |work=[[India Today]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327214337/https://www.indiatoday.in/cinema/100-years-of-indian-cinema/photo/top-actresses-of-bollywood-ever-367543-2012-05-01/2 |archive-date=27 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> She is also considered among India's most beautiful actresses.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.filmfare.com/photos/bollywoods-most-beautiful-women-8570.html |title=Bollywood's most beautiful women |website=Filmfare |accessdate=31 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/photos/entertainment/bollywoods-most-beautiful-women-6751 |title=Bollywood's most beautiful women |website=NDTV |accessdate=28 February 2024}}</ref> In 2012, Kapoor appeared on ''[[Forbes India]]''{{'}}s "[[Forbes Celebrity 100|Celebrity 100]]" list, peaking at the 77th position, with an estimated annual earning of {{INRConvert|110.55|m}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=2012 Celebrity 100 |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/lists/2012-celebrity-100/1395/all |work=Forbes India |access-date=31 January 2013 }}</ref> As of 2016, eight of her films have grossed more than {{INRConvert|1|b}}.<ref name="auto1" /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-star-power-female/filterby/IND/1997/ |title=Star Power Actress: Karisma Kapoor |access-date=8 August 2022 |work=Bollywood Hungama |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327214337/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-star-power-female/filterby/IND/1997/ |archive-date=27 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> One of the highest paid actress of the 1990s and early 2000s, Kapoor appeared on ''[[Box Office India]]''{{'}}s "Top Actresses" list for five years (1996-2000) and ranked first thrice (1996, 1997 and 1999).<ref name="topactresses" /> She was placed 8th in its "All Time Top Actresses" list and she topped its top actresses list from 1990–1999.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/hit-down-actoress.php |title=Top Actresses Of All Time |access-date=28 August 2022 |work=Box Office India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327214337/https://boxofficeindia.com/hit-down-actoress.php |archive-date=27 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/hit-down-actoress.php?txtYearlyData=1990-1999 |title=Top Actresses (1990–1999) |access-date=28 August 2022 |work=Box Office India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327214337/https://boxofficeindia.com/hit-down-actoress.php?txtYearlyData=1990-1999 |archive-date=27 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Karisma.Kapoor.jpg|thumb|left|Kapoor in 2014. Her green eyes have earned significant media attention.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/karisma-kapoor-secret-unknown-interesting-facts-bollywood-actor |title=10 interesting facts about Karisma Kapoor that you probably didn't know |website=Vogue |date=25 June 2021 |access-date=29 September 2022}}</ref>]]

Deven Sharma of ''[[Filmfare]]'' termed Kapoor "a force to reckon with commercially", and noted, "Karisma Kapoor was a strong contender to both [[Madhuri Dixit]] and [[Sridevi]]’s domination to the ’90s."<ref>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327214337/https://m.filmfare.com/features/filmfare-recommends-top-10-films-of-karisma-kapoor-41788.amp |url=https://m.filmfare.com/features/filmfare-recommends-top-10-films-of-karisma-kapoor-41788.amp |title=Top 10 Films of Karisma Kapoor |website=Filmfare |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=27 March 2020}}</ref> She has been described by ''[[The Tribune]]'' as "possessing exuberance and energy".<ref name="auto2">{{cite web |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060108/spectrum/main4.htm |title=The Sunday Tribune – Spectrum |work=The Tribune |access-date=1 May 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131121110907/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060108/spectrum/main4.htm |archive-date=21 November 2013}}</ref> ''[[The Times of India]]'' termed her "inimitable" due to her body of work and the essence that she brought into movies in the 90s.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/five-times-karisma-kapoor-took-us-back-to-the-90s-with-her-nostalgic-instagram-posts/photostory/93970857.cms |title=Five times Karisma Kapoor took us back to the 90s with her nostalgic Instagram posts|website=Times of India |access-date=27 September 2022}}</ref> Nikita Sawant of ''[[Femina (India)|Femina]]'' feels Kapoor embodies the statement, "Some people get better with age".<ref>{{cite web |author=Nikita Sawant |url=https://www.femina.in/celebs/indian/karisma-wants-to-be-an-indulgent-aunt-35982.html |title=Karisma Kapoor wants to be an indulgent aunt |website=Femina India |access-date=25 January 2019}}</ref> [[Rediff.com]] said that Kapoor did everything from "raunchy numbers" to "serious roles". It credited her serious roles as the factor that consolidated her position as an "established actress". In an interview, Kapoor said,
{{Blockquote|"I have never really used any strategy. I go by my instinct. I do whatever I feel I should do. I have never planned or manipulated anything in my career. Whatever has happened has taken a natural course. I just felt that I liked these stories and I wanted to be a part of it."<ref>{{cite web |author=Sharmila Taliculam |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2000/apr/19kari.htm |title=Karisma Kapoor: I don't differentiate between films |website=Rediff.com |access-date=15 October 2019}}</ref>}}

Kapoor's sister [[Kareena Kapoor]] admits, "Working with Lolo will be a dream come true. She was and will always be my favorite actress."<ref>{{cite web |author=Reena Kapoor |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/131116/entertainment-bollywood/article/kareena-kapoor-praises-karishma-kapoor-ranbir-kapoor |title=Kareena Kapoor praises Karishma Kapoor and Ranbir Kapoor |website=Deccan Chronicle |date=16 November 2013 |access-date=17 November 2020}}</ref> According to ''[[Rediff.com]]'', she became "choosy about her roles" post a slew of out-and-out commercial films.<ref name="redf">{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/dec/14sotw.htm |title=Star of The Week: The Karisma Kapoor |work=Rediff.com |access-date=19 September 2018|date=1 May 2016}}</ref> ''[[NDTV]]'' termed her "The OG Bollywood Queen".<ref name="TRKK" /><ref name="OGTKP">{{cite web |title=10 interesting facts about Karisma Kapoor that you probably didn't know |date=25 June 2021 |url=https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/karisma-kapoor-secret-unknown-interesting-facts-bollywood-actor |publisher=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]] |access-date=31 July 2022 |archive-date=31 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731131543/https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/karisma-kapoor-secret-unknown-interesting-facts-bollywood-actor |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[Filmfare]]'' terms her as one of the "most celebrated stars" in the Hindi film industry.<ref>{{cite web |author=Bollywood |url=https://m.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/karisma-kapoor-reveals-the-big-career-advice-she-got-from-raj-kapoor-36819.amp |title=Karisma Kapoor reveals the big career advice she got from Raj Kapoor |website=Filmfare |access-date=25 February 2022}}</ref> ''[[The Hindu]]'' said that she is blessed with "a radiant look and an enviable figure".<ref>{{cite news |author=Hindu Star Track |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/fitness/the-natural-way/article8022252.ece |title=Karishma Kapoor: The natural way! |website=The Hindu |date=23 December 2015 |access-date=23 December 2019}}</ref> Kapoor is widely praised for her performance in ''Raja Hindustani'', ''Dil To Pagal Hai'', ''Biwi No.1'', ''Fiza'', ''Zubeidaa'' and ''Shakti: The Power''.<ref name="TRKK">{{cite web |author=NDTV Movies |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/happy-birthday-karisma-kapoor-best-films-of-the-og-bollywood-queen-3093533 |title=Karisma Kapoor: Must-Watch Films Of The OG Bollywood Queen |website=NDTV India |access-date=12 December 2021}}</ref> ''[[Eastern Eye]]'' noted that Kapoor's filmography is filled with "an array of successful films".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Mohnish |title=Karisma Kapoor shares video montage as she celebrates 30 years in Bollywood |url=https://www.easterneye.biz/karisma-kapoor-shares-video-montage-as-she-celebrates-30-years-in-bollywood/ |access-date=31 July 2021 |work=Eastern Eye |archive-date=31 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731133149/https://www.easterneye.biz/karisma-kapoor-shares-video-montage-as-she-celebrates-30-years-in-bollywood/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2022 and 2023, Kapoor was voted "Sexiest Actress Alive" by the ''[[Glamour Magazine]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://katieheimer.com/academic%20works%20and%20clips/CelebrityHistoricalAnalysis.pdf |title=Karisma Kapoor Sexiest Actress Alive |access-date=28 April 2022 |work=Glamour Magazine |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327214337/http://katieheimer.com/academic%20works%20and%20clips/CelebrityHistoricalAnalysis.pdf |archive-date=27 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> She was placed 4th in ''[[The Times of India]]''{{'}}s "50 Beautiful Faces" list.<ref>{{cite web |title=50 Beautiful Faces: 100 years of Indian Cinema |date=1 May 2013 |url=http://photogallery.indiatimes.com/100-yrs-of-indian-cinema/50-beautiful-faces-100-years-of-indian-cinema/rtf1ansiansicpg1252deff0deflang1033fonttblf0fnilfcharset0-Arial-Unicode-MScolortbl-red0green0blue0viewkind4uc1pardcf1lang16393f0fs20-50-Beautiful-Faces-100-years-of-Indian-Cinemaparpar/articleshow/19713725.cms |accessdate=11 February 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Kapoor's hand-print was unveiled at the [[Walk of the Stars]] at [[Bandstand Promenade|Bandra Bandstand]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Thirani|first=Neha|title=Mumbai Gets Its Own Walk of Fame|url=http://india.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/26/mumbai-gets-its-own-walk-of-fame/|accessdate=15 April 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=26 March 2012}}</ref> She is also known for her significant fashion and style statements throughout the 90s.<ref>{{cite news|title=Karisma Kapoor's complete beauty evolution|url=https://www.vogue.in/content/karisma-kapoors-complete-beauty-evolution|accessdate=21 December 2019|newspaper=Vogue|date=4 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Karisma Kapoor is the queen of timeless style|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/fashion/story/karisma-kapoor-is-the-queen-of-timeless-style-on-fashion-friday-1819301-2021-06-25|accessdate=24 November 2021|newspaper=India Today|date=25 June 2021}}</ref> In 2002, she received the [[Smita Patil Memorial Award for Best Actress]], for her contribution to Indian cinema.<ref>{{cite web |title=18TH ANNIVERSARY GLOBAL AWARDS WINNERS! |url=http://www.priyadarshniacademy.com/18th-anniversary-global-awards.php |work=Priyadarshni Academy |accessdate=20 September 2020 |archive-date=22 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022043641/http://www.priyadarshniacademy.com/18th-anniversary-global-awards.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2023, Kapoor received the [[Orders, decorations, and medals of India|Indian Achievers Award]] for Power Corridors by the [[Government of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karisma Kapoor bags Indian Achievers Award 2023 in Delhi; see photos |work=Indian Achievers Award |access-date=28 January 2023 |url=https://www.indianachieversaward.com/gallery/}}</ref> Kapoor ranks among the highest-grossing actresses in Indian cinema.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Highest Cumulative Box Office Collection by Actress |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/highest-cumulative-box-office-collection-actress/filterby/IND/page/4/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402183144/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/highest-cumulative-box-office-collection-actress/filterby/IND/page/4/ |archive-date=2 April 2024 |access-date=2 April 2024 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Silver Screen Queens: Ranking top 10 bollywood actresses with most successful films since 1990 |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/silver-screen-queens-ranking-top-10-bollywood-actresses-with-most-super-hit-films-since-1990-8124727.html |access-date=29 August 2023 |work=News18 |archive-date=10 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230910190717/https://www.news18.com/movies/silver-screen-queens-ranking-top-10-bollywood-actresses-with-most-super-hit-films-since-1990-8124727.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Karisma Kapoor}}

Kapoor is the recipient of a [[National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress]] for ''Dil To Pagal Hai'' (1997), and four [[Filmfare Awards]] out of eight nominations: [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] for ''Raja Hindustani'' (1996) and ''Fiza'' (2000), [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] for ''Dil To Pagal Hai'' (1997), and [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress|Best Actress (Critics)]] for ''Zubeidaa'' (2001).<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Karisma-Kapoor/awards |title=Karisma Kapoor Awards! |website=Times of India |access-date=13 December 2022 |archive-date=9 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309125417/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Karisma-Kapoor/awards |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Filmfare Awards Winners From 1953 to 2019 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards/winners |access-date=14 February 2020 |work=filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://iifa.com/iifa-years/iifa-years-2003/|title=IIFA Through the Years|access-date=20 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208124732/http://iifa.com/iifa-years/iifa-years-2003/|archive-date=8 February 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name}}
* {{Instagram}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama}}

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Appu Chesi Pappu Koodu

2026-03-05T04:58:59Z

Smartkabadi: done - done

{{Short description|1959 film by L. V. Prasad}}
{{distinguish|Tappu Chesi Pappu Koodu}}
{{good article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Appu Chesi Pappu Koodu.jpg
| caption = Theatrical-release poster
| director = [[L. V. Prasad]]
| writer = [[Chakrapani (filmmaker)|Chakrapani]] L. V. Prasad [[Vempati Sadasivabrahmam]]
| producer = [[Nagi Reddy]] Chakrapani
| starring = [[N. T. Rama Rao]] [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] [[Jaggayya]]
| cinematography = [[Marcus Bartley]]
| editing = G. Kalyanasundaram K. Radhakrishna
| music = [[S. Rajeswara Rao]]
| studio = [[Vijaya Productions]]
| distributor = 
| released = {{film date|1959|1|14|df=y}}
| runtime = 158 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}
'''''Appu Chesi Pappu Koodu''''' ({{translation|Live Comfortably on Credit}}){{efn|More specifically, this is a metaphor that literally translates to "eating [[dal]] (that is to say, eating well) by going into debt", with the implication that a debtor is enjoying an unearned or undeserved lifestyle.}} is a 1959 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[comedy drama]] film directed and co-written by [[L. V. Prasad]]. The film was produced by [[Nagi Reddi]] and [[Chakrapani (filmmaker)|Chakrapani]] of [[Vijaya Vauhini Studios|Vijaya Productions]]; the latter co-wrote its script with Prasad and [[Vempati Sadasivabrahmam]]. It is the Telugu version of Prasad's [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film ''[[Kadan Vaangi Kalyaanam]]'' (1958). Starring [[N. T. Rama Rao]], [[Relangi (actor)|Relangi]] and [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]], ''Appu Chesi Pappu Koodu'' features [[Jaggayya]], [[C. S. R. Anjaneyulu]], [[S. V. Ranga Rao]], and [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] in supporting roles. The conflict between two older men with different mindsets{{mdash}}Ramadasu (an eternal, devious debtor) and Mukundarao (a generous, rich gentleman with fake prestige){{mdash}}is the film's centrepiece.

Production began after the success of ''[[Mayabazar]]'' (1957), with M. S. Chalapathi Rao and Jagannadham the film's executive producers. [[Marcus Bartley]] was the director of photography. [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] composed the soundtrack and background score. G. Kalyanasundaram and K. Radhakrishna edited the film, and Madhavapeddi Gokhale and Kaladhar were its art directors. The film is shown almost entirely in black and white, with the exception of a dance sequence filmed in [[Gevacolor]].

''Appu Chesi Pappu Koodu'' was released on 14 January 1959, during the [[Makar Sankranti|Makara Sankranti]] festival season. With average returns during its first four weeks, the film eventually became an above-average grosser and its re-release was profitable. It has [[Cult film|cult status]] in [[Telugu cinema]], and is an acclaimed Prasad film. Goldstone Technologies announced that they would attempt to digitise the film in 2007, but abandoned the attempt three years later.

== Plot ==
Ramadasu is a [[zamindar]] who recently acquired the colonial title of [[Rao Bahadur]], and is also a perennial debtor who believes in leading a luxurious life on credit. [[Dewan Bahadur]] Mukunda Rao, a wealthy, generous but naive zamindar, is always searching for a groom of royal or high social standing for his granddaughter Manjari. While Ramadasu also occasionally borrows from Rao, he secretly wishes to have Manjari married to his son Raghu, so that Rao's wealth becomes his, enabling him to pay his debts. Complicating things is Raghu's earlier marriage in his childhood to Leela, whose brother Raja is in prison for his participation in the [[Indian independence movement]]. In order to get more credit, Ramadasu uses his assistant, Bhaja Govindam, to find more lenders and placate angry creditors with false promises. Behind Govindam's back, however, Ramadasu bribes Govindam's uncle and Rao's assistant, Ramalingam, with the promise of getting Ramalingam's daughter, Usha, whom Govindam is in love with, married. Rao, unaware of the deception, agrees to the alliance.

Fed up with his boss's backstabbing, Govindam, Usha, and Manjari conspire to stop the wedding. Raja is released from prison after serving his sentence and is briefed about the situation. Raja and Manjari were in love during their college days, and she tells him about Ramadasu's intentions. Raja confronts Ramadasu about his sister's ill treatment and gets into a scuffle with his bodyguard. Ramadasu offers to let Leela stay in the house on the condition that she becomes a mute servant. After Raghu arrives from London, Ramadasu misleads him into thinking that Leela has died. As part of his plan, Govindam has Raja disguised as Prince Bonkulamarri Raja, a royal prince and businessman, and introduces him to Mukunda Rao. Rao, impressed with Raja, considers him a suitable bridegroom for Manjari. One night, Raghu overhears Leela speaking to Raja and confronts Chenchalayya, Ramadasu's servant, who divulges her identity and Raja's secret. Raghu meets with Govindam and is briefed about the plan, but asks him not to tell anyone. Raghu then continues to flirt with Manjari and play the prospective bridegroom, while also trying to tease Leela, much to Ramadasu's chagrin. The plan nearly goes smoothly until Ramadasu sends his bodyguards to attack and rob Raja, but he dispatches them, leading to his identity being exposed. Forced to leave for his sister's sake, Raja instead dons a new disguise with Govindam's help. In the meantime, Ramadasu forces Rao to accept the former's proposal, threatening to ruin his reputation. Now disguised as Sarva Baksha Swamy, a holy man, Raja first tricks Ramalingam into thinking his daughter has rejected Govindam, leading to Govindam requesting to become an ascetic. As a result, Ramalingam persuades Mukunda Rao to seek Raja's help to convert Manjari to accept Raghu. In the meantime, Govindam has one of his own theatre group members pose as a prospective match and offer ornaments as a sign of alliance, so that he can steal them and place his uncle in a tight situation, forcing him to listen to Govindam. The plan goes awry when Ramadasu, whom Ramalingam told, has his thugs overpower Govindam's assistants and rob Ramalingam themselves.

In the meantime, Govindam has one of his other assistants pose as Rose, a woman whom Raghu married in London, to come and demand money for a divorce, which would force Ramadasu to try and rob Rao's safe for the money and also for the creditors. Anticipating this, Raghu, who had identified Raja and now divulged his knowledge of the plan to him and Manjari, plots to replace the money in Rao's safe with blank paper notes. Both Ramalingam and Bhaja Govindam, as well as Ramadasu and his thugs, converge at Rao's house. Ramalingam tries to leave with the fake money, but is caught and knocked out by the thugs, who are, in turn, knocked out by Raja. Ramadasu is forced to disguise himself as Sarva Baksha Swamy's teacher, Sachitananda Swamy, to avoid detection. Converging in the backyard, Ramalingam is exposed when the fake money is discovered in his bag. Raghu, Raja, Manjari and Govindam all come clean to Rao, and a confused Rao turns to ask Ramadasu, only for him to also reveal himself, and acknowledge that the young people have taught them a very valuable lesson. Ramdasu again accepts Leela as his daughter-in-law, as well as Raja and Manjari's relationship, and Ramalingam also accepts Usha and Govindam's relationship, while a still confused Mukunda Rao, now dressed as an ascetic, looks at the camera and smiles awkwardly.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[N. T. Rama Rao]] as Raja Rao
*[[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] as Manjari
*[[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] as Leela Raghuram
*[[Jaggayya]] as Raghuram
*[[S. V. Ranga Rao]] as Mukunda Rao
*[[C. S. R. Anjaneyulu|C.S.R]] as Ramadasu
*[[Relangi (actor)|Relangi]] as Bhaja Govindam
*[[Ramana Reddy]] as Ramalingam
*[[Girija (actress)|Girija]] as Usha
*[[Suryakantham (actress)|Suryakantham]] as Rajaratnam
*[[Mukkamala (actor)|Mukkamala]] as Raghu's grandfather
*[[R. Nageshwara Rao]] as Ramdin
*[[Allu Ramalingaiah]] as Chidambara Shetty
*[[Kasturi Siva Rao]] as Takku
*[[Chadalavada (actor)|Chadalavada]] as Chenchalayya
*[[Valluri Balakrishna|Balakrishna]] as Avataram
*[[Padmanabham (actor)|Padmanabham]] as Panakala Rao
*[[Potti Prasad]] as a prospective groom
}}

== Production ==
=== Pre-production ===
After the success of ''[[Mayabazar]]'' (1957), directed by [[K. V. Reddy]], [[Nagi Reddi]] and [[Chakrapani (filmmaker)|Chakrapani]] of [[Vijaya Vauhini Studios|Vijaya Productions]] planned to make a contemporary film. Chakrapani came up with an idea about conflict between two older men who are polar opposites: one a debtor evading his creditors, and the other a wealthy gentleman with an inflated sense of prestige.<ref name="ACPK BFP TH" /><ref name="ACPK nosta" /> [[L. V. Prasad]] was chosen to direct the film; he, Chakrapani and [[Vempati Sadasivabrahmam]] developed a script entitled ''Appu Chesi Pappu Koodu'', after a popular Telugu idiom. It was the only film from Vijaya Productions with dialogue written by Sadasivabrahmam.<ref name="ACPK BFP TH" /><ref name="ACPK nosta" />

Film historian [[Randor Guy]] opines that ''Appu Chesi Pappu Koodu'' was a Telugu remake of Prasad's Tamil film ''[[Kadan Vaangi Kalyaanam]]'' (1958).<ref name="KVK BFP TH" /> Others such as [[Ashish Rajadhyaksha]] and [[Paul Willemen]] (authors of ''Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema''),<ref name="RW2014" /> film scholar Swarnavel Eswaran Pillai,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pillai |first=Swarnavel Eswaran |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HreICwAAQBAJ&q=appu+chesi+pappu+kudu+kadan+vaangi+kalyanam&pg=PA191 |title=Madras Studios: Narrative, Genre, and Ideology in Tamil Cinema |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-5150-212-8 |pages=191}}</ref> and M. L. Narasimhan of ''[[The Hindu]]'' believe that they were filmed simultaneously with different casts for different versions.<ref name="ACPK BFP TH" /> [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] wrote the dialogue for ''Kadan Vaangi Kalyaanam'',<ref name="KVK BFP TH" /> and M. S. Chalapathi Rao and Jagannadham were the film's executive producers.<ref name="Credits" />

=== Casting and filming ===
[[N. T. Rama Rao]] and [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] were chosen for the lead roles, with [[Jaggayya]], [[C. S. R. Anjaneyulu]], [[S. V. Ranga Rao]] and [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] in supporting roles; Jamuna had no dialogue for most of the film.<ref name="ACPK nosta" /> It was Rama Rao's 55th film as an actor,<ref name="ACPK nosta" /> and Jaggayya's first film for Vijaya Productions. Jaggayya replaced [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]], who bowed out due to scheduling conflicts.<ref name="ACPK BFP TH" /> Jaggayya had worked with Prasad as a [[Voice acting|voice artist]] for the Telugu-dubbed version of the director's ''[[Manohara (film)|Manohara]]'' (1954).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |date=25 January 2008 |title=Celluloid colossus |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/celluloid-colossus/article1432936.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151110034204/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/celluloid-colossus/article1432936.ece |archive-date=10 November 2015 |access-date=11 June 2016 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> Comedian [[Potti Prasad]] and [[Padmanabham (actor)|Padmanabham]] made appearances as the prospective bridegrooms of [[Girija (actress)|Girija]], who played [[Relangi (actor)|Relangi]]{{'s}} fiancée; the former made his [[Telugu cinema]] debut with this film. Prasad, who received {{INR}}1,116 for his single scene, praised Nagi Reddi and Chakrapani's generosity.<ref name="ACPK BFP TH" /> [[Marcus Bartley]] was the director of photography.<ref name="ACPK BFP TH" /><ref name="ACPK nosta" /> [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] composed the soundtrack and background score, assisted by Ogirala Ramachandra Rao and K. Prasada Rao. Ramachandra Rao's son, Narasimhamurthy, was cast as a child artiste.<ref name="ACPK BFP TH" /> G. Kalyanasundaram and K. Radhakrishna edited the film, and Madhavapeddi Gokhale and Kaladhar were its art directors.<ref name="ACPK BFP TH" />

The success of ''[[Missamma]]'' (1955) encouraged Chakrapani to include a dream sequence, "Damayanti Swayamvaram", in which Rama Rao, Savitri and Jaggayya play [[Nala]], [[Damayanti]] and [[Indra]].<ref name="ACPK nosta" /> Rama Rao had to shave his signature moustache for a scene, making ''Appu Chesi Pappu Koodu'' the only contemporary film in which he is clean-shaven.<ref name="ACPK nosta" /> Another dance scene, "Aathmathyagam", was filmed by [[E. V. Saroja]] and [[Mikkilineni (actor)|Mikkilineni]] in [[Gevacolor]]; both were choreographed by Pasumarthi Krishnamurthy. Though the film is shown almost entirely in black and white, "Aathmathyagam" alone was filmed in colour.<ref name="ACPK BFP TH" /> M. Pithambaram and T. P. Bhaktavatsalam provided the make-up.<ref name="Credits" /> ''Appu Chesi Pappu Koodu'' was processed at the Vijaya Laboratory, and was recorded with the Westrex Sound System.<ref name="Credits" /> The film's final length was {{Convert|4934|metres|feet}}.<ref name="Credits" />

== Music ==
S. Rajeswara Rao composed the soundtrack of ''Appu Chesi Pappu Koodu''. [[Pingali (writer)|Pingali Nagendrarao]] wrote the lyrics. Sound mixing was supervised by A. Krishnan and V. Sivaram, processed by N. C. Sen Gupta and orchestrated by A. Krishnamurthy.<ref name="Credits" /> [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] provided vocals for Rama Rao and Ramaiah, and [[A. M. Rajah]] sang for Jaggayya's portions.<ref name="ACPK nosta" /> [[P. Leela]], [[P. Susheela]], and Swarnalatha provided vocals for the actresses.<ref name="Credits" /> "Echatinundi Veecheno" was based on the [[Mohanam|Mohana raga]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sridhar |first=Gudipoodi |date=25 December 2009 |title=A medley of Mohana |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/a-medley-of-mohana/article661082.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610144309/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/a-medley-of-mohana/article661082.ece |archive-date=10 June 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> For "Sundarangulanu Choosina Velana" Rajeswara Rao re-used the melody of "Brundavanamadi Andaridi Govindudu Andarivadele", which he wrote for Vijaya Productions' ''Missamma'' at Chakrapani's urging (a rare example of the composer recycling an earlier song).<ref name="ACPK BFP TH" />

''Appu Chesi Pappu Koodu''{{'s}} soundtrack was released in December 1959 on the [[Saregama]] label.{{efn|[[iTunes]] estimates its release date as 1 December 1959,<ref name="iTunes" /> but [[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]] estimates the date as 31 December.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 1959 |title=Appuchesi Pappukoodu |url=http://gaana.com/song/appuchesi-pappukoodu-4 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610153550/http://gaana.com/song/appuchesi-pappukoodu-4 |archive-date=10 June 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]]}}</ref>}} "Kaseeki Poyanu Ramahari", "Echatinundi Veecheno", "Moogavaina Emile Nagumome" and "Cheyi Cheyi Kaluparave" became popular over the years;<ref name="ACPK BFP TH" /> "Cheyi Cheyi Kaluparave" was parodied by the [[Indian National Congress]] as part of their election campaign during the [[1989 Indian general election|1989 general elections]].<ref name="ACPK nosta" /> The poem "Nava Kala Samithi" and other popular songs were played by keyboardist V. Seetharamaiah at the April 2013 Ghantasala Padya Sangeetha Vibhavari event at Kalabharathi Auditorium in [[Visakhapatnam]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Subrahmanyam |first=Velcheti |date=11 April 2013 |title=Musical treat |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/musical-treat/article4602420.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610152712/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/musical-treat/article4602420.ece |archive-date=10 June 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>

'''Track listing'''<ref name="iTunes" />

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_lyrics = [[Pingali Nagendrarao]]
| title1 = Appu Chesi Pappu Koodu
| extra1 = Ghantasala
| length1 = 2:40
| title2 = Kalam Kaani Kalamlo
| extra2 = P. Leela, [[P. Susheela]]
| length2 = 3:25
| title3 = Rama Rama Saranam
| extra3 = P. Leela
| length3 = 2:02
| title4 = Nava Kala Samithi
| extra4 = Ghantasala
| length4 = 1:08
| title5 = Joharu Gaikonara
| extra5 = P. Leela
| length5 = 2:52
| title6 = Balidaanam
| extra6 = Ghantasala, P. Susheela
| length6 = 4:33
| title7 = Oh Panchavannela Chilaka
| extra7 = Ghantasala, Swarnalatha
| length7 = 2:53
| title8 = Yechati Nundi Veecheno
| extra8 = Ghantasala, P. Leela
| length8 = 2:41
| title9 = Sundarangulanu Choosina Velana
| extra9 = Ghantasala, A. M. Rajah, P. Leela
| length9 = 3:34
| title10 = Moogavaina Yemile
| extra10 = A. M. Rajah
| length10 = 2:10
| title11 = Chitra Naleeyam
| extra11 = Ghantasala, P. Leela
| length11 = 6:17
| title12 = Chinnari Choopulaku
| extra12 = A M Rajah
| length12 = 2:12
| title13 = Anandam Paramanandam
| extra13 = [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]], [[P. Leela]]
| length13 = 2:24
| title14 = Cheyi Cheyi Kaluparave
| extra14 = [[A. M. Rajah]], P. Leela
| length14 = 2:42
| title15 = Kaseeki Poyanu Ramahari
| extra15 = Ghantasala, Swarnalatha
| length15 = 2:54

}}

== Release, reception and legacy ==
''Appu Chesi Pappu Koodu'' was released theatrically on 14 January 1959, during the [[Makar Sankranti|Makara Sankranti]] festival season.<ref name="ACPK BFP TH" /> With mediocre earnings during its first four weeks, the film became an above-average grosser.<ref name="ACPK BFP TH" /><ref name="ACPK nosta" /> Its re-release was profitable, and it became a Telugu cult film.<ref name="ACPK BFP TH" />

According to M. L. Narasimham of ''The Hindu'', Prasad's "deft handling" made the scenes "flow smoothly" despite the number of characters but the magic of ''[[Pelli Chesi Choodu]]'' (1952) and ''Missamma'' was missing from ''Appu Chesi Pappu Koodu''.<ref name="ACPK BFP TH" /> In their ''Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema'', Ashish Rajadhyaksha and Paul Willemen wrote that the film "stages the victory of nationalist-modern alliance over decadent feudalism"; Ramaiah's scenes are its "most remarkable sections", giving a "semblance of unity" to a plot they found "barely coherent".<ref name="RW2014" /> K. Moti Gokulsing and Wimal Dissanayake wrote that ''Appu Chesi Pappu Koodu'', ''Missamma'', ''[[Gundamma Katha]]'' (1962) and ''[[Ramudu Bheemudu]]'' (1964) "represented the scope comedy had in the 1950s and 60s."<ref name="GD2013" />

In September 2006, a postage stamp commemorating Prasad was issued in [[Hyderabad]]. M. L. Narasimham, in an article about the honour, listed ''Appu Chesi Pappu Koodu'' with ''[[Shavukaru]]'' (1950), ''[[Samsaram (1950 film)|Samsaram]]'' (1950), ''Pelli Chesi Choodu'', ''Manohara'', ''Missamma'' and others as acclaimed films by the director after the release of ''[[Mana Desam]]'' (1949) and his association with Vijaya Productions.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=8 September 2006 |title=A leader and a visionary |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/a-leader-and-a-visionary/article3230624.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151110034602/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/a-leader-and-a-visionary/article3230624.ece |archive-date=10 November 2015 |access-date=11 June 2016 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> ''Appu Chesi Pappu Koodu'' was one of the popular 1950s films featuring [[Ramana Reddy]] and Relangi Venkata Ramaiah, whom film historian Punnami Ravi Chandra termed the [[Laurel and Hardy]] of Telugu cinema at the time.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pasupulate |first=Karthik |date=30 March 2013 |title=8 decades of laughter |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/8-decades-of-laughter/articleshow/19293176.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611040723/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/8-decades-of-laughter/articleshow/19293176.cms |archive-date=11 June 2016 |access-date=11 June 2016 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Relangi Narasimha Rao]]{{'s}} 2008 comedy film of the same name, starring [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 June 2008 |title=Friends indeed! |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Friends-indeed/articleshow/3153455.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611041223/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Friends-indeed/articleshow/3153455.cms |archive-date=11 June 2016 |access-date=11 June 2016 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> was a commercial failure.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 December 2008 |title=A peek at how actors fared in 2008! |url=http://www.sify.com/youth/fullstory.php?id=14827672 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611042121/http://www.sify.com/youth/fullstory.php?id=14827672 |archive-date=11 June 2016 |access-date=11 June 2016 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

== Digitisation plans ==
In late November 2007, [[Hyderabad]]-based Goldstone Technologies acquired the [[Photographic film|film-negative]] rights to 14 Telugu films produced by Vijaya Vauhini Studios (including ''Mayabazar'' and ''Appu Chesi Pappu Koodu'') to produce digitally-remastered versions in colour.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 November 2007 |title=Old classics in colour soon |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/old-classics-in-colour-soon/article1953295.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528121554/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/old-classics-in-colour-soon/article1953295.ece |archive-date=28 May 2015 |access-date=9 November 2015 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> Although the remastered, colourised version of ''Mayabazar'' was released in January 2010 and performed well in theatres, Goldstone decided not to remaster the remaining 13 films. According to the company, most of the producers who sold their negative rights to television networks relinquished control of them and the legal ownership and copyright issues proved insurmountable.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Hemanth |date=11 February 2014 |title=Preserving Tollywood's timeless classics |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Preserving-Tollywoods-timeless-classics/articleshow/30226239.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528121550/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Preserving-Tollywoods-timeless-classics/articleshow/30226239.cms |archive-date=28 May 2015 |access-date=9 November 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
<references>

<ref name="GD2013">{{Cite book |last1=Gokulsing |first1=K. Moti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QwGgF-rDucEC |title=Routledge Handbook of Indian Cinemas |last2=Dissanayake |first2=Wimal |author-link2=Wimal Dissanayake |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-415-67774-5 |pages=139}}</ref>
<ref name="ACPK BFP TH">{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=20 August 2015 |title=Appu Chesi Pappu Koodu (1959) |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/appu-chesi-pappu-koodu-1959/article7561720.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609161335/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/appu-chesi-pappu-koodu-1959/article7561720.ece |archive-date=9 June 2016 |access-date=9 June 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
<ref name="ACPK nosta">{{Cite web |last=APK |date=17 January 2008 |title=Appu Chesi Pappu Koodu (1959) |url=http://www.cinegoer.net/appuchesipappukoodu.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609161554/http://www.cinegoer.net/appuchesipappukoodu.htm |archive-date=9 June 2016 |access-date=9 June 2016 |website=Cinegoer.net}}</ref>
<ref name="KVK BFP TH">{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=19 December 2015 |title=Kadan Vaangi Kalyanam (1958) |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/blast-from-the-past-kadan-vaangi-kalyanam-1958/article8008280.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609161452/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/blast-from-the-past-kadan-vaangi-kalyanam-1958/article8008280.ece |archive-date=9 June 2016 |access-date=9 June 2016 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>
<ref name="RW2014">{{Cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |author-link=Ashish Rajadhyaksha |url=https://indiancine.ma/texts/indiancine.ma%3AEncyclopedia_of_Indian_Cinema/text.pdf |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |author-link2=Paul Willemen |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] and [[Oxford University Press]] |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-563579-5 |pages=353 |orig-date=1994}}</ref>
<ref name="Credits">{{Cite AV media |title=Appu Chesi Pappu Koodu |medium=motion picture |language=Telugu |publisher=[[Vijaya Vauhini Studios]] |year=1959 |time=00:00:00 to 00:02:57 |time-caption=From}}</ref>
<ref name="iTunes">{{Cite web |date=1 December 1959 |title=Appuchesi Pappukoodu (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/appuchesi-pappukoodu-original/id913969818 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610153403/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/appuchesi-pappukoodu-original/id913969818 |archive-date=10 June 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |website=[[iTunes Store]]}}</ref>

</references>

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{L. V. Prasad}}

[[Category:1959 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:1959 films]]
[[Category:1959 Indian films]]
[[Category:1959 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by L. V. Prasad]]
[[Category:Films scored by S. Rajeswara Rao]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]

Zanjeer (1998 film)

2026-03-03T23:46:57Z

Smartkabadi: enhanced structure and cleaned formatting

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}{{Infobox film
| name = Zanjeer: The Chain
| image =

| caption =
| director = [[Shibu Mitra]]
| producer = Yusuf Butt
| writer = Z. Onkar
| narrator =
| starring = [[Aditya Pancholi]] [[Sakshi Shivanand]]
| music = [[Anand Milind]]
| cinematography =
| editing = Bibhuti Bhushan
| distributor = Samna International
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1998|8|28}}
| runtime = 135 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Zanjeer: The Chain''''' is a [[List of Bollywood films of 1998|1998]] [[Bollywood]] [[action film]] directed by [[Shibu Mitra]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=ZANJEER - THE CHAIN (1998)|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b806ccc25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180522231621/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b806ccc25|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 May 2018|access-date=2022-02-19|website=BFI}}</ref> starring [[Aditya Pancholi]], [[Pratibha Sinha]] and [[Shakti Kapoor]] in the lead role.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zanjeer The Chain (1998) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/zanjeer-the-chain-8289|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120073113/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/zanjeer-the-chain-8289|url-status=live|archive-date=20 January 2021|access-date=2022-02-19|website=Cinestaan}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Zanjeer - The Chain - Movie - Box Office India|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2537|access-date=2022-02-19|website=www.boxofficeindia.com}}</ref>

==Plot==
The film follows the story of Kumar ([[Aditya Pancholi]]), a local underworld don of [[Mumbai]], who has a rival Lala Sarweshwar ([[Kiran Kumar]]). Both men have occupied their own areas in [[Mumbai]] and are running their own businesses. Kumar wants to avenge the death of his father, who had been Lala's loyal friend but Lala got him murdered on doubts of treachery. Kumar has a younger brother Sudhakar ([[Samrat Mukerji]]), who hates him because of his criminal activities, unbeknownst to the fact that Kumar committed his first murder to protect Sudhakar.<ref name=":0" />

==Cast==
*[[Aditya Pancholi]] as Kumar
*[[Manek Bedi]] as Ajay
*[[Samrat Mukerji]] as Sudhakar
*[[Pratibha Sinha]] as Saroj
*[[Sakshi Shivanand]] as Kavita
*[[Kiran Kumar]] as Lala Sarweshwar
*[[Shakti Kapoor]] as Pratap
*[[Tej Sapru]] as Black Cap Akash
*[[Virendra Razdan]] as RN Shinde
*[[Akashdeep]] as Kamble

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Zanjeer
| type = album
| artist = [[Anand–Milind]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released =
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre =
| length = Mercia
| label =
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! # !! Title !! Singer(s)
|-
| 1
|"Tujhe Dekh Ke Pehli Baar"
| [[Udit Narayan]], [[Alka Yagnik]]
|-
|2
|"Don't Touch My Ghaghariya"
|[[Vinod Rathod]], Alka Yagnik
|-
|3
|"Kudi Punjabi"
|[[Jaspinder Narula]]
|-
|4
|"Main Hoon Dehradun Ka Tota"
|[[Abhijeet Bhattacharya|Abhijeet]], Alka Yagnik
|-
|5
|"Chahe Din Ho Chahe Raat Ho"
|Udit Narayan, [[Sadhana Sargam]]
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=0275806}}

[[Category:1998 films]]
[[Category:1998 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Shibu Mitra]]
[[Category:Films scored by Anand–Milind]]

{{1990s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Venicile Vyapari

2026-03-03T20:50:48Z

Smartkabadi: further update citations for accuracy further and corrected details

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Venicile Vyapari
| image = Venicilevyapari.jpg
| caption =
| director = [[Shafi (director)|Shafi]]
| producer = Madhavan Nair
| writer = [[James Albert (screenwriter)|James Albert]]
| based_on =
| starring = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Mammootty]]|[[Kavya Madhavan]]|[[Poonam Bajwa]]|[[Suraj Venjaramoodu]]|[[Salim Kumar]]|[[Guinness Pakru]]|[[Vijayaraghavan]]}}
| music = [[Bijibal]]
| cinematography = [[Shamdat|Shamdat Sainudeen]]
| editing = [[Manoj (film editor)|Manoj]]
| studio =
| distributor = {{Unbulleted_list|Murali Films|PJ Entertainments}}
| released = {{Film date|2011|12|16|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| budget = 
| gross = 
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}

'''''Venicile Vyapari''''', ({{translation|''The Merchant of Venice''}}) is a [[List of Malayalam films of 2011|2011]] Indian [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]]-language [[period film|period]] [[romantic comedy|action-romantic comedy]] film directed by [[Shafi (director)|Shafi]], starring [[Mammootty]], [[Kavya Madhavan]], and [[Poonam Bajwa]]. The film's plot unfolds in [[Alappuzha]], a town in [[Kerala]] popularly known as the [[List of places called Venice of the East|''Venice of the East'']]. Written by [[James Albert (screenwriter)|James Albert]], the story follows a murder mystery.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/ivenicile-vyaparii-an-important-film-for-mammootty-imagegallery-malayalam-lkvmmFbhbbesi.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325082015/https://www.sify.com/movies/ivenicile-vyaparii-an-important-film-for-mammootty-imagegallery-malayalam-lkvmmFbhbbesi.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 March 2022|title=Venicile Vyapari, an important film for Mammootty|website=[[Sify]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-review-venicile-vyapari-is-an-oridinary-fare/20111216.htm|title = Review: Venicile Vyapari is an oridinary fare}}</ref>
Though the film underperformed at the box office, it had a [[cult]] followed.

==Plot==
Set in the period of 1980. The story revolves around Pavithran who lost his parents in his childhood. He enters the police force by chance, though it is not his ambition. Pavithran lands up in [[Alappuzha]] (Alappuzha incidentally is attributed to the [[sobriquet]], ''Venice of the East'') disguised as a merchant to investigate the murder of a union leader named Ajayan. Another character is Ammu, the leader of the union of coir workers, who is in love with Pavithran.

== Cast ==
* [[Mammootty]] as [[Constable]] Pavithran
* [[Biju Menon]] as Sakhavu Ajayan, Ammu's brother
* [[Kavya Madhavan]] as Ammu
* [[Poonam Bajwa]] as Mahalakshmi
* [[Suraj Venjaramoodu]] as Chandran Pillai / Odiyan Chandhu
* [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as "Kaladi" Govindan, Ammu's father
* [[Salim Kumar]] as Kamalasanan / Al-Kamalasanan
* [[Janardhanan (actor)|Janardhanan]] as [[Superintendent (police)|SP]] Raghurama Varma [[Indian Police Service|IPS]], Mahalakshmi's father
* [[Guinness Pakru]] as Kochukrishnan
* [[Vijayaraghavan]] as Chungathara Raghavan
* [[Suresh Krishna (actor)|Suresh Krishna]] as Chungathara Aniyappan
* [[V. K. Sreeraman]] as Aali Koya
* [[Abu Salim (actor)|Abu Salim]] as Abdu
* [[Kalabhavan Shajohn]] as Panchayat President "[[Ironing|Isthiri]]" Lonappan
* [[Kundara Johny]] as [[Circle Inspector|CI]] K. Nambeeshan
* [[Santhosh (actor)|Santhosh]] as [[Sub-inspector|SI]] Karikkan George
* [[Anjali Nair (actress, born 1988)|Anjali Nair]] as Ammu's friend
* [[Saju Kodiyan]] as [[Constable]] Sunil
* [[J. Pallassery]] as Shop Owner

==Production==
The film was produced by Madhavan Nair under the banner of Murali Films. [[Mammootty]] stars in the film with [[Vijayaraghavan]], [[Jagathy Sreekumar]], [[Salim Kumar]], [[Suraj Venjaramoodu]], Sreeraman, [[Kalabhavan Shajohn]], and Rajan Padoor form the supporting cast.

The shooting commenced in August 2011,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-malayalam-news/20110816.htm|title=Mammootty's Venice ile Vyapari begins shooting|date=16 August 2011|author=Meghna George|publisher=[[Rediff]]|access-date=6 November 2011}}</ref> and the film was mostly shot in [[Alappuzha]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/first-look-mammoottys-venicile-vyapari/20110906.htm|title=First Look: Mammootty's Venicile Vyapari|date=6 September 2011|author=Meghna George|publisher=[[Rediff]]|access-date=6 November 2011}}</ref> The song "Kannum Kannum" was shot in [[Ooty]].<ref name="Kannum"/>

The film was scheduled to release on 4 November 2011, but was postponed to 11 November 2011 since there was a delay in the post-production work.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.cityjournal.in/Newspaper/20111031/Cinema/Cinema_1.html|title=Venicile Vyapari put off to 11/11/11|date=1 November 2011|magazine=City Journal|access-date=6 November 2011}}</ref> The release was postponed again to 16 December 2011 due to a film strike in Kerala.

==Reception==
Sify movies gave the film a rating of 2.5/5, criticising the script.{{citation needed|date=October 2013}}
==Legacy==
The film was a box office underperformer, but the film still have high repeat value.
The character Al-Kamalasanan, played by [[Salim Kumar]] became a [[cult]] fan following and is popular in trolls and memes. The character still have fans across kerala. Additionally, the character Odiyan Chandhu played by [[Suraj Venjaramoodu]] became popular in social media, after the success of [[Lokah Chapter 1: Chandra]], in which [[Dulquer Salman]] portrayed Charlie, an Odiyan. It was also popularized after the release of [[Odiyan]], starring [[Mohanlal]] in the lead role.

==Music==
[[Bijibal]] composed the music for the film which has lyrics by [[Kaithapram]]. The film has a remix of the song "Kannum Kannum" from the 1980 film ''[[Angadi (film)|Angadi]]''. Mammootty stated that it was director Shafi's desire to use a hit song of the eighties in a dream scene of the film.<ref name="Kannum">{{cite news|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/malayalam/article/72043.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111016183420/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/malayalam/article/72043.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 October 2011|title=Mammootty steps in for a remix|date=14 October 2011}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Shafi}}

[[Category:2011 films]]
[[Category:2011 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Alappuzha]]
[[Category:Films shot in Ooty]]
[[Category:2011 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Shafi]]

Kuberan (2000 film)

2026-03-03T04:32:50Z

Smartkabadi: Improved article clarity and structure

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| director = [[Rama Narayanan]]
| writer = Pugazhmani (dialogues)
| story = Rama Narayanan
| producer = N. Radha
| starring = [[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]] [[Kausalya (actress)|Kausalya]]
| music = [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
| studio = [[Sri Thenandal Films]]
| released = {{Film date|2000|07|21|df=y}}
| language = Tamil
| country = India
}}

'''''Kuberan''''' is a 2000 Indian [[Tamil language]] [[comedy drama]] film directed by [[Rama Narayanan]] and produced by N. Radha. It stars [[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]] and [[Kausalya (actress)|Kausalya]], while [[Mantra (actress)|Mantra]], [[Manivannan]], [[Anju (actress)|Anju]], and [[Thyagu (actor)|Thyagu]] play supporting roles. The music was composed by [[S. A. Rajkumar]].

== Plot ==
Kuberan ([[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]]) works as a tour guide in Kodaikanal and is the sole money-earner for a large family. The family consists of his good-for-nothing father ([[Manivannan]]), the latter's two wives and their children, and Kuberan's sister ([[Anju (actress)|Anju]]) and her unemployed husband ([[Thyagu (actor)|Thyagu]]). Kavitha ([[Kausalya (actress)|Kausalya]]), a singer, becomes a new addition to the house when she is cheated off her money by Kuberan's father. Romance blooms between her and Kuberan, and Chandra ([[Mantra (actress)|Mantra]]), who also harbors feelings for him, opts out. Kuberan and Kavitha are married, and she too takes part in the sacrifices that he commits for his family.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]] as Kuberan
* [[Kausalya (actress)|Kausalya]] as Kavitha
* [[Mantra (actress)|Mantra]] as Chandra
* [[Manivannan]] as Kuberan's father
* [[Anju (actress)|Anju]] as Thangam, Kuberan's sister
* [[Thyagu (actor)|Thyagu]] as Kuberan's brother-in-law
* [[Sindhu (actress)|Sindhu]] as Kuberan's aunt
* [[Madhan Bob]]
}}

== Soundtrack ==
Soundtrack was composed by [[S. A. Rajkumar]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kuberan (2000) |url=https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/kuberan-songs-T0001018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240701073218/https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/kuberan-songs-T0001018 |archive-date=2024-07-01 |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics
|-
| "Anandha Roja" || [[P. Unnikrishnan]], [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]], [[Swarnalatha]] || rowspan=4|[[Viveka (lyricist)|Viveka]]
|-
| "Kaadhalikkum Pengalukku" || P. Unnikrishnan, [[Anuradha Sriram]]
|-
| "Nilavil Veedu" || P. Unnikrishnan, Sujatha
|-
| "Rosave Rosave" || P. Unnikrishnan
|-
| "Vaanam Vazhtha" || Sujatha ||[[Arivumathi]]
|-
| "Vennilave" || P. Unnikrishnan, Swarnalatha || Viveka
|}

== Release and reception ==
Krishna Chidambaram of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' wrote a story means a knot must be tied and then it must be untied. This is the basic grammar of a story. No one should say that Rama Narayan, who has directed hundreds of films, does not even know this, so ten minutes before the end of the film, he ties a knot and unties in the same speed.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=2000-08-13 |title=குபேரன் |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki2000-08-13/page/n97/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230630172047/https://archive.org/details/kalki2000-08-13/page/n97/mode/2up |archive-date=30 June 2023 |access-date=30 June 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=96 |language=Tamil |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> ''India Info'' wrote, "Director Ramanarayanan, who has earlier dished out a few low budget comedy films catering to the frontbenchers, fails to raise his latest film Kuberan to even that standard. The film has a lopsided storyline with a comedy that falls flat. As for the cast, both Karthik and Kaushalya are wasted, while Manthra, as the oomph girl, manages to fare better than the others".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kuberan : No treasure trove this |url=http://movies.indiainfo.com/tamil/reviews/kuberan.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010617221416/http://movies.indiainfo.com/tamil/reviews/kuberan.html |archive-date=17 June 2001 |access-date=29 December 2023 |website=Indiainfo}}</ref> After the film's release, Manthra held a press conference to call out Rama Narayanan for giving her false promises about the length of her role.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chandrasekaran |first=Chandra |date=August 2000 |title=Manthra's complaining spree |url=http://www.minnoviyam.com/star/aug00/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001017235605/http://www.minnoviyam.com/star/aug00/index.html |archive-date=17 October 2000 |website=Minnoviyam |access-date=1 July 2024 }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}

{{Rama Narayanan}}

[[Category:2000 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2000 films]]
[[Category:2000 Indian films]]
[[Category:2000 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Rama Narayanan]]
[[Category:Films scored by S. A. Rajkumar]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Ananda Thandavam

2026-03-03T04:23:14Z

Smartkabadi: details

{{short description|2009 film by Gandhi Krishna}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Anandha Thandavam
| image = Ananda Thandavam.jpg
| director = [[Gandhi Krishna|A. R. Gandhi Krishna]]
| producer = [[V. Ravichandran (film producer)|V. Ravichandran]]
| writer = {{plainlist|
*A. R. Gandhi Krishna
*[[Sujatha (writer)|Sujatha]]
}}
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Siddharth Venugopal]]
*[[Tamannaah Bhatia]]
*[[Rukmini Vijayakumar]]
}}
| music = [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
| cinematography = [[Jeeva Shankar]]
| editing = [[V. T. Vijayan]]
| distributor = [[V. Ravichandran (film producer)|Aascar Film Pvt. Ltd]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2009|4|10}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
}}
'''''Ananda Thandavam''''' ({{translation|Dance of Happiness}}) is a 2009 [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic drama film]], an adaptation of [[Sujatha (writer)|Sujatha]]'s [[serial (literature)|serialized]] novel ''Pirivom Santhippom''. The film was directed by [[Gandhi Krishna|A. R. Gandhi Krishna]] and produced by [[V. Ravichandran (film producer)|V. Ravichandran]] of [[Aascar Films]].<ref name=cinesouth>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080905043252/http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/10092007-2.shtml cinesouth.com], 9 October 2007, "AR Gandhi Krishna's 'Ananda Tandavam'"</ref><ref name="kumar">{{cite web|last=Kumar |first=S.R. Ashok|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514083302/http://www.hindu.com/2008/05/10/stories/2008051056630200.htm |archive-date=14 May 2008|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/05/10/stories/2008051056630200.htm |title=''Sujatha's novel on the big screen ''|work=The Hindu|date=10 May 2008|access-date=6 August 2008}}</ref> The music was composed by [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] with editing by [[V. T. Vijayan]] and cinematography by [[Jeeva Shankar]].

The film stars [[Siddharth Venugopal]], [[Tamannaah Bhatia]], and [[Rukmini Vijayakumar]]. The love story of Raghu (Siddharth) and Madhu (Tamannaah) captured the hearts of many, prompting Sujatha to write the second part due to high reader demand.

The film was released on 10 April 2009 to negative reviews and became a commercial failure at the box office.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-anandha-thandavam/20090410.htm| title = Anandha Thandavam not as good as the novel - Rediff.com| access-date = 17 February 2017| archive-date = 15 May 2015| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150515111252/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-anandha-thandavam/20090410.htm| url-status = live}}</ref>

==Plot==
The film deals with the life of Raghupathi, whose mother died in childbirth. He grows up with plenty of affection from his father and grows into a quiet, sensible, and somewhat serious person. His father is a government-employed deputy-chief engineer in the [[Ambasamudram]] dam, [[Tirunelveli]], while Raghu is also a [[mechanical engineering|mechanical engineer]]. However, he is frustrated because he is unemployed. One day, after returning from an interview in [[Pune]], he meets Madhumitha. A naive character, she plays childish pranks and brings energy into his life. Madhu is the elder daughter of the dam's new chief engineer and his arrogant wife, who want a very comfortable life for the family.

Madhu's parents also bring joy to Raghu's life as they accept who he is, and eventually, he finds good employment in Pune. He suddenly gets engaged to Madhu, even without informing his father. Raghu leaves for work, for Pune. When he returns a month later, trouble comes in the form of 'Rad' Radhakrishnan, a spoilt [[non-resident Indian|NRI]] businessman from the United States who was on vacation to Papanasam. Rad had seen Madhu and was enticed by her beauty and her parents' wealth, and made a proposal to her parents. Seeing a better life for Madhu, her parents agreed to cancel Raghu's engagement. Worst of all, Madhu, being immature herself, agreed with her parents' opinion and decided to marry Rad.

The fake reason given by Madhu's family is that Raghu's father has an illicit relationship with their maid Jayanthi, who is just a year older than Raghu. Jayanthi, having a baby with a husband who left her, also clouds Raghu's judgement. Moreover, when Raghu asks Madhu to elope with him, she agrees but cancels it at the last hour, stating the same reason. Raghu, heartbroken, attempts to commit suicide by jumping down a waterfall. He survives with temporary injuries. His father berates him and says that Jayanthi's mother breast-fed him, and she is like his own daughter. He took care of Jayanthi just because her husband had left her pregnant. Also, Madhu had visited him while he was in a coma. She had already married and left for the US with Rad. Six months later, with further encouragement from his father and friends, Raghu leaves for [[New York City]] to get his [[Master of Business Administration|MBA]] at [[New York University|NYU]]. He has to stay in the mansion of Mohanram, his father's childhood friend. Mohan is a rich divorcee and successful online share-trader.

Raghu is received by Mohan's niece Ratnakumari at the airport, and she drops him home. Ratna, though brought up in the USA since the age of seven, wants to marry an Indian man and return to India. She is intelligent, beautiful, social, and cultured. Raghu starts his MBA course and befriends another Tamil guy named Natraj. However, at the end of the day, Raghu's benchmate, a [[Koreans|Korean]], kills his ex-girlfriend and then himself before Raghu's eyes. Then, a mob tries to mug Raghu, but Ratna saves him. Raghu then asks Mohan to put him back on the next flight home. Mohan says that he cut his own left leg to escape from the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|Twin Towers]] on [[9/11]]. His company fired him and provided compensation, which his wife took away as a divorce settlement. Still, he did online share trading and has earned around $20 million in 10 years. He shows his hidden prosthetic leg and then says that Raghu's father has spent his life's savings to send Raghu to New York. This motivates Raghu to stay in New York.

Weeks later, Raghu sees Madhu at a Tamil association function. Madhu reconciles with Raghu and gives him an iPhone 4. Both go on a trio-trip to [[Atlantic City]] after Rad cancels at the last minute. While coming back home, Madhu drops Raghu at her home and leaves to buy groceries. There, Raghu is shocked to find that Rad has been cheating on Madhu. He resolves to tell her the truth, but Madhu is blinded to Rad's faults because of respect for him. She accuses him of still having feelings for her, insulting him, and causing another argument between them. As months pass by, Raghu and Ratna become close, and their families decide to get them engaged. As time progresses, Madhu discovers that her husband has been cheating on her, which has led her to be in constant abuse by him, leading her to live life with misery. One day, Madhu escapes from Rad and goes to meet Raghu. Unfortunately for her, Raghu gets engaged to Ratna the very same day. Unable to bear any more sadness, Madhu ends up cutting her veins and begging Raghu to take her back. Ratna intervenes, and Madhu asks for Raghu. Ratna is disgusted and complains to her family. They come and take Raghu away, leaving Madhu devastated, drunk, and bleeding through her veins. Madhu then kills herself through reckless driving.

At the airport, everyone is gathered, and Madhu's parents are collecting the coffin with Madhu's body. Rad tries to lie to Madhu's parents that he was perfect to her in every way and cannot understand why this happened. In the meantime, Raghu, who had also come to see Madhu's body, arrives. He gets enraged and charges at Rad with a security guard's revolver, but then finds out that it is locked. Madhu's parents apologize to Raghu that their daughter's suicide was caused by their own greed and betrayal, and take Madhu's body to India. Outside the airport, Raghu is consoled by Ratna as she tells him that she loves his relationship commitment more than him.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Siddharth Venugopal]] as Raghupathi
* [[Tamannaah Bhatia]] as Madhumitha
* [[Rukmini Vijayakumar]] as Ratnakumari Raghupathi, Raghupathi's wife
* [[Rishi (Tamil actor)|Rishi]] as Radhakrishnan
* [[Kitty (actor)|Kitty]] as Raghu's father
* [[Tirlok Malik]] as Hindu Priest
* Rama Natarajan as Mohanram
* [[Raghuram]] as Rathna's father
* Ammu Ramachandran
* [[Madan Bob]]
* [[Srinath (Tamil actor)|Srinath]]
* [[Charle]]
* [[Kalairani]]
* [[Bala Singh]]
* [[Five Star Krishna]]
* Aditi Sriram as Mohanram's first child
* Sanchaya Satish as Mohanram's second child
* Sanjana Satish as Mohanram's third child
* Ann Marie Seall as Jennifer
* Kaveh as Police Officer
}}

==Production==
[[Gandhi Krishna|A. R. Gandhi Krishna]], a former assistant to [[S. Shankar|Shankar]] in ''[[Sivaji (film)|Sivaji]]'', made his directorial debut with the film ''[[Chellamae]]''.<ref name=cinesouth/> [[Sujatha (writer)|Sujatha]] wrote the dialogue for the [[screenplay]] before his death.<ref name="kumar"/> Filming began on location in [[Ooty]], then moved to [[Tenkasi]], [[Kuttralam]], [[Ambasamudram]], [[Papanasam]] and [[Malaysia]].<ref name="kumar"/> [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] scored the music for the movie, while award-winning lyricist [[Vairamuthu]] penned the lyrics.<ref name="kumar"/> Vairamuthu said that one of his best recent works was the song he wrote for this film.<ref name=praised>[http://www.kollywoodtoday.com/news/ananda-thandavam-praised-by-vairamuthu/ kollywoodtoday.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090201090929/http://www.kollywoodtoday.com/news/ananda-thandavam-praised-by-vairamuthu/ |date=1 February 2009 }}, 12 January 2008, "Ananda Thandavam Praised by Vairamuthu"</ref> He said, "On reading the lines, Gandhi Krishna was floored totally and was in fail of words".<ref name=praised/> ''Ananda Thandavam'' was produced by Aascar Films' Suresh Shanmugam. Shankar, who worked as an associate to the late cinematographer [[Jeeva (director)|Jeeva]], was "cranking the camera".<ref name=praised/>

The satellite rights of the film were sold to [[Kalaignar TV]].

==Soundtrack==
The songs were composed by [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]. "Kana Kangiren" received a massive response from the audience and became one of the top songs of the year.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anandha Thaandavam |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/anandha-thaandavam/vTHUnHTJSNk_ |access-date=2 July 2023 |work=JioSaavn |date=2 October 2008 |archive-date=2 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702111805/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/anandha-thaandavam/vTHUnHTJSNk_ |url-status=live }}</ref> All lyrics written by [[Vairamuthu]].

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 28:02
| title1 = Poovinai
| extra1 = [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| length1 = 5:31
| title2 = Pattu Poochi
| extra2 = [[Naresh Iyer]]
| length2 = 4:59
| title3 = Kallil Aadum
| extra3 = [[Benny Dayal]], [[Shweta Mohan]]
| length3 = 5:15
| title4 = Kana Kaangiren
| extra4 = [[Nithyashree Mahadevan]], [[Shubha Mudgal]], Vinitha
| length4 = 5:46
| title5 = Megam Pola
| extra5 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
| length5 = 4:28
| title6 = Ananda Thandavam Theme
| extra6 = [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]], [[Naresh Iyer]]
| length6 = 2:03
}}

==Critical reception==
''[[Sify]]'' says that the lead actors "can do little to save the film".<ref name="Movie Review:Ananda Thandavam">{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/ananda-thandavam-review-tamil-14880074.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430174306/http://www.sify.com/movies/ananda-thandavam-review-tamil-14880074.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 April 2014 |title=Movie Review:Ananda Thandavam |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=7 September 2012}}</ref> ''[[Rediff.com]]'' felt that Siddharth's performance was one of the weaker aspects of the film noting "though he does his best when he's romancing his beloved, and there are sparks during emotional scenes, he seems to miss his cue a few times, making you wonder if someone with acting chops might not have done a better job."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://movies.rediff.com/review/2009/apr/10/review-anandha-thandavam.htm |title=Anandha Thandavam not as good as the novel - Rediff.com Movies |publisher=Movies.rediff.com |date=10 April 2009 |access-date=7 September 2012 |archive-date=4 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004180956/http://movies.rediff.com/review/2009/apr/10/review-anandha-thandavam.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{Sujatha}}

[[Category:2009 Indian films]]
[[Category:2009 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2009 films]]
[[Category:2009 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films based on Tamil novels]]
[[Category:Films directed by Gandhi Krishna]]
[[Category:Films scored by G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
[[Category:Indian films set in New York City]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Sembattai

2026-03-03T03:24:31Z

Smartkabadi: Started Basic Data Needs Work - done

{{Short description|2012 Tamil film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sembattai
| image = Sembattai.jpg
| alt =
| caption = DVD cover
| native_name = 
| director = I. Ganesh
| writer = I. Ganesh
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = I. Ganesh
| starring = Dhileepan Sreejit Gowri Nambiar
| narrator =
| cinematography = Saleem
| editing = Mahavishnu
| music = Sreeraghav
| studio = G. S. Studios
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2012|10|5}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Sembattai''''' ({{translation|Red}}) is a 2012 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed by I. Ganesh and starring Dhileepan (previously credited as Bala), Sreejit and Gowri Nambiar.

The film's lead actor, Dhileepan died a week after the film's release.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/sembattai-hero-dileepan-is-no-more-news-tamil-mknl76ifdjjsi.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141003024835/http://www.sify.com/movies/sembattai-hero-dileepan-is-no-more-news-tamil-mknl76ifdjjsi.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 October 2014|title=Sembattai hero Dileepan is no more!|website=Sify}} </ref><ref name="B">{{Cite web|url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/oct-12-02/dileepan-azhagiya-theeye-13-10-12.html|title=Prasanna's Co-star Passes Away - Dileepan - Azhagiya Theeye - Sembattai - Prassana - Tamil Movie News - Behindwoods.com|website=www.behindwoods.com}}</ref>

== Cast ==
*Dhileepan as Sembattai
*Sreejit as Kayamboo
*Gowri Nambiar as Anandi
*Kandasamy as Ayyavu
*George Rajan as Irulandi
*Cheranraj as Shankaralingam

== Production ==
The film's director I. Ganesh worked under [[Fazil (director)|Fazil]] and [[Siddique (director)|Siddique]].<ref name="h">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/audio-beat-sembattai/article3219881.ece|title=Audio Beat: Sembattai|first=S. R. Ashok|last=Kumar|date=24 March 2012|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> This film marks the debut of Gowri Nambiar, cousin of [[Karthika Nair]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/jun-12-02/karthika-nair-gauri-nambiar-09-06-12.html|title=One More Heroine From Karthika's Household! - Karthika Nair - Gauri Nambiar - Sembattai - Vimal - Vidharth - Dilipan - Tamil Movie News - Behindwoods.com|website=www.behindwoods.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/etcetera-blending-fact-and-fiction/article6345247.ece|title=Etcetera: Blending fact and fiction|first=Nikhil|last=Raghavan|date=23 August 2014|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
Music by Sreeraghav.<ref name="h"/>
*"Kattumaram" sung by Mahalakshmi Krishnan
*"Kadalodu" sung by N. Srinivasan, Deepank, G.J. Siva, Sreeraghav and Chandrayee
*"Thaiyara Thaiya"
* "Muthe Muthe" sung by [[Vijay Yesudas]]
* "Uthu Uthu" sung by Maya Sricharan and Chandrayee
* "Sumaithangi" sung by Madhu Balakrishna
* "Nenjil" sung by Ganeshraghu
* "Ariyaamal" sung by Chandrayee
* "Adhisayam" sung by Prasanna (written by [[Palani Bharathi]])
*"Takara Takara" sung by [[Mukesh Mohamed|Mukesh]] and [[Chinnaponnu]] (written by Palanibharathi)
*"Sembattai" sung by Mukesh and Feji (written by Seergazhi Sirpi)

== Reception ==
Malini Mannath of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote that "'Sembattai' at the most is a promising effort of a debutant maker".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2012/oct/16/sembattai-tamil-415974.html|title='Sembattai' (Tamil)|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film a rating of two out of five and opined that "Had the director not beaten around the bush, ''Sembattai'' could have been a much better watch".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/sembattai/movie-review/16734855.cms|title=Sembattai Movie Review {2/5}: Critic Review of Sembattai by Times of India|via=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref>

== References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2012 films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:2012 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2012 drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language drama films]]

Red Sandal Wood

2026-03-03T02:30:13Z

Smartkabadi: Created Some Details More To Come - done

{{Short description|2023 Tamil film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Red Sandal Wood
| image = Red Sandalwood (film).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Guru Ramanujam
| writer = Murugesh Babu
| producer = J. Parthasarathy
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Vetri (actor)|Vetri]]
*Diya Mayuri
*[[Ganesh Venkatraman]]
}}
| cinematography = Suresh Bala
| editing = Richard Kevin
| music = [[Sam C. S.]]
| studio = JN Cinemas
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2023|09|8}}
| runtime = 105 mins
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Red Sandal Wood''''' is a 2023 Indian Tamil-language [[drama film]] directed by Guru Ramanujam and starring [[Vetri (actor)|Vetri]] and Diya Mayuri in the lead roles. It was released on 8 September 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Here's the trailer of Vetri's Red Sandal Wood |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/aug/27/heres-the-trailer-of-vetris-red-sandal-wood-47002.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927124833/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/aug/27/heres-the-trailer-of-vetris-red-sandal-wood-47002.html |archive-date=27 September 2023 |access-date=27 September 2023 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[Vetri (actor)|Vetri]] as Prabha
*Diya Mayuri
*[[Ganesh Venkatraman]] as Ramaiyah
*[[Kabali Vishwanth|Vishwanth]] as Karna
*[[Ramachandra Raju]] as Harimaran
*[[M. S. Bhaskar]]
*[[G. Marimuthu]]
*[[Vinod Sagar]]
*Ravi Venkatraman
*Abhi
}}

==Production==
The project was launched in December 2019, with [[K. Bhagyaraj]] attending the launch event as a chief guest.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vetri's next a social commercial thriller |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/071219/vetris-next-a-social-commercial-thriller.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927124834/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/071219/vetris-next-a-social-commercial-thriller.html |archive-date=27 September 2023 |access-date=27 September 2023 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> The film marked the directorial debut of Guru Ramanujam, an erstwhile assistant to [[Sathyasiva]], with [[Vetri (actor)|Vetri]] and [[KGF (film)|KGF]]-actor [[Ramachandra Raju]], notably signed on to play leading roles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jiivi fame Vetri's next to star KGF villain |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/dec/08/jiivi-fame-vetris-next-to-star-kgf-villain-15919.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927124838/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/dec/08/jiivi-fame-vetris-next-to-star-kgf-villain-15919.html |archive-date=27 September 2023 |access-date=27 September 2023 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> The project was initially titled ''Red Sandal'', before being amended to ''Red Sandalwood''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vetri's Red Sandal Wood gets release window |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/aug/07/vetris-red-sandal-wood-gets-release-window-46342.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927124835/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/aug/07/vetris-red-sandal-wood-gets-release-window-46342.html |archive-date=27 September 2023 |access-date=27 September 2023 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> The film was inspired by true event of sandalwood smuggling in [[Andhra Pradesh]]. The shoot of the film took place in Chennai, Renigunta, Talakona and Dharmapuri.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 March 2023 |title=Vetri's 'Red Sandal' teaser |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vetris-red-sandal-teaser/articleshow/98525161.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927131805/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vetris-red-sandal-teaser/articleshow/98525161.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=27 September 2023 |access-date=27 September 2023 |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=11 April 2023 |title=Vetri & Shilpa Manjunath's film begins with pooja |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vetri-shilpa-manjunaths-film-begins-with-pooja/articleshow/99410673.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927131805/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vetri-shilpa-manjunaths-film-begins-with-pooja/articleshow/99410673.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=27 September 2023 |access-date=27 September 2023 |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=16 October 2021 |title=Vetri's Red Sandal revolves around red sandalwood smuggling |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vetris-red-sandal-revolves-around-red-sandalwood-smuggling/articleshow/87053328.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927124832/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vetris-red-sandal-revolves-around-red-sandalwood-smuggling/articleshow/87053328.cms |archive-date=27 September 2023 |access-date=27 September 2023 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

== Reception ==
The film was released on 8 September 2023 across theatres in [[Tamil Nadu]]. A critic from ''[[Times of India]]'' wrote that the film has "a great idea let down by weak writing" and that it is "good in parts, but the narrative falls flat as the film progresses, making it an average outing".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Red Sandal Wood Movie Review : A great idea let down by weak writing |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/red-sandal-wood/movie-review/103527860.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927124834/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/red-sandal-wood/movie-review/103527860.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=27 September 2023 |access-date=27 September 2023 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> A critic from ''[[The New Indian Express|Cinema Express]]'' wrote "while the execution of the film is quite interesting, its rushed yet slow screenplay makes it a rather tiring watch".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Red Sandal Wood Movie Review: A promising premise let down by poor narrative choices |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2023/sep/08/red-sandal-wood-movie-review-a-promising-premise-let-down-by-poor-narrative-choices-47432.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927124848/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2023/sep/08/red-sandal-wood-movie-review-a-promising-premise-let-down-by-poor-narrative-choices-47432.html |archive-date=27 September 2023 |access-date=27 September 2023 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{imdb title|15716828}}

[[Category: 2023 films]]
[[Category:2023 Tamil-language films]]
[[category:Indian drama films]]

Rosary High School (Vadodara)

2026-02-21T09:52:11Z

Smartkabadi: minor update

{{more citations needed|date=July 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Rosary High School
| logo =
| established =
| type = Missionary
| motto = '' तमसो मा ज्योतिर्गमय ''
| motto_translation = From darkness to light)
| address = Pratapgunj,
| city = [[Vadodara]]
| district = [[Vadodara district|Vadodara]]
| state = [[Gujarat]]
| country = [[India]]
| postal_code = 390002
| coordinates = {{coord|22|19|6.5|N|73|11|1|E|display=inline,title}}
| affiliation = [[Gujarat Secondary and Higher Secondary Education Board]]
| classes = [[Kindergarten#India|LKG]] through 12
| principal = Fr. Lucas [[Society of Jesus|S.J.]]
| language = Gujarati and English
| houses = Red, Yellow, Green and Blue
| religious_affiliation = [[Catholic]]
| status = open
| authority =
}}

'''Rosary High School''' is a [[co-educational]] high school in Pratapgunj, [[Vadodara]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]] managed by the [[Society of Jesus]] and recognized by the [[Gujarat Secondary and Higher Secondary Education Board]]. Though a [[Catholic]] institution, it welcomes pupils of all castes and creeds and prepares them for the Secondary School certificate and Higher Secondary School Certificate Examinations. It comprises classes from Kindergarten through 10th grade with parallel divisions, having Gujarati and English as the media of instruction. The school also runs Science and Commerce Streams for 11th and 12th grade students. Rosary students are known as Rosarites.

The school prepares its pupils for the [[Secondary School Certificate]] and [[Higher Secondary (School) Certificate|Higher Secondary School Certificate]].

In a 2008 survey by Education World, the school was ranked 19th in the Western region<ref name=eduWorld>{{cite web|title=India's Top Day Schools 2008 - Zonal Rankings|url=http://educationworldonline.net/articles/Day%20schools%20zonal%20rankings.pdf|publisher=Education World|accessdate=18 June 2011}}</ref> and 61st overall.<ref>{{cite web|title=India's top Day Schools 2008 - League tables|url=http://educationworldonline.net/articles/India's%20best%20day%20schools%20league%20table.pdf|publisher=Education World|accessdate=18 June 2011}}</ref>

== Infrastructure ==
{{Expand section|date=May 2011}}
* 2 Computer labs
* Physics lab
* Chemistry lab
* Biology lab
* Library
* Art Room
* A/V Hall
* Auditorium
* Laboratory for Secondary Section
* Football ground
* Basketball Court
* Canteen

== Academics ==
{{Expand section|date=May 2011}}

=== Terms ===
The school year is divided into two terms divided by two break groups
* Term 1 - from around 15 June to around 23 December including a Diwali break of about 19–21 days.
* Christmas break - 7- to 10-day break from around 24 December to 31 December.
* Term 2 - from the beginning of the calendar year to around 15 April (This is the end of the school year).
* Summer Vacation - 2-month vacation from around 16 April to 14 June.

There are two term examinations (in September and January) followed by a final examination in April. The term examinations typically count towards 25% of the net marks and the final examination count towards 50%.

=== Subjects ===
A typical set of subjects taught to students is the following:
* [[English grammar]]
* [[English literature]]
* [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
* [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
* [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]]
* [[Physical Education]]
* [[Science]] (split into [[Physics]], [[Chemistry]] and [[Biology]] for the older students)
* [[Mathematics]]
* [[Social Studies]] ([[History]], [[Geography]], [[Civics]])
* [[Art]] ([[drawing]] and [[painting]])
* Computer basics

== Sports ==
{{Expand section|date=May 2011}}
The school has the following facilities :
* Football ground which is also used to play hockey and cricket.
* Open-air volleyball court
* Open-air basketball court
* The main gathering hall doubles as a skating rink after school hours and is used by local residents

The school hosts a state-level basketball tournament annually.

== Events and programs ==
{{Expand section|date=May 2011}}
The school hosts events and programs, along with the following main events :
* Annual Day on which academic achievements are honoured.
* Sports Day on which athletic achievements are honoured.
* Patriotic Day on which students compete in a patriotic song competition.
* Activity Week (week of 15 August)

== Alumni ==

* Dr [[Vishal Sikka]], CEO & MD of Infosys

== References ==
<references/>

[[Category:Schools in Vadodara]]
[[Category:Christian schools in Gujarat]]

Rosary High School (Vadodara)

2026-02-21T09:52:11Z

Smartkabadi: minor update

Sathodi Falls

2026-02-12T01:00:22Z

Smartkabadi:

{{Short description|Waterfalls near Sirsi, Karnataka}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
[[File:Sathodi 54.jpg|thumb|right|An early morning view of Sathoddi Falls]]

'''Sathoddi Falls''' is a waterfall located in the Western Ghats, [[Uttara Kannada District]] Located {{cvt|32|km}} from [[Yellapur]] and {{cvt|74|km}} from [[Sirsi, Karnataka|Sirsi]]. It is about 15 metres (49.2 feet) tall.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sathodi Falls {{!}} Sathodi Waterfalls Yellapur |url=https://www.karnatakatourism.org/tour-item/sathodi-falls/ |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=Karnataka Tourism |language=en-GB}}</ref> The stream then flows into the backwaters of the [[Kodasalli Dam]], into the [[Kali River (Karnataka)|Kali River]].
[[File:Sathodi Falls.JPG|thumb|Sathoddi Falls]]
==See also==
*[[List of waterfalls]]
*[[List of waterfalls in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Sathodi Falls}}

{{Hydrology of Karnataka|state=expanded}}

{{coord|14.948|74.586|display=title}}

[[Category:Waterfalls of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Plunge waterfalls]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Uttara Kannada district]]
[[Category:Geography of Uttara Kannada district]]

Begumpet Airport

2026-01-31T17:02:40Z

Smartkabadi: minor cleanup

{{Short description|Airport in Hyderabad, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}}

{{For|the main airport in Hyderabad|Rajiv Gandhi International Airport}}{{Infobox airport
| name = Begumpet Airport
| image = Airport, Terminal JP6932691.jpg
| IATA = BPM
| ICAO = VOHY
| type = Military/Public
| owner-oper = [[Airports Authority of India]]
| city-served = [[Hyderabad]]
| location = [[Begumpet]], [[Telangana]], India
| opened = {{start date|1936|06}}
| passenger_services_ceased = {{end date|2008|03|23|df=y}}
| elevation-f = 1,744
| elevation-m = {{convert|1744|ft|0|disp=number}}
| coordinates = {{coord|17|27|11|N|078|28|03|E|type:airport|display=inline,title}}
| r1-number = 09/27
| r1-length-f = {{convert|3230|m|0|disp=number}}
| r1-length-m = 3,230
| r1-surface = Macadam
| metric-elev = yes
| metric-rwy = yes
}}

'''Begumpet Airport''' {{Airport codes|BPM|VOHY}} is an airport that serves [[Hyderabad]] in [[Telangana]], India. It is located in [[Begumpet]] and caters to [[General aviation|general]] and military aviation. The airport is home to the Begumpet Air Force Station of the [[Indian Air Force]]. Begumpet was built by the [[Princely State of Hyderabad]] in the 1930s and served as the city's commercial airport for several decades. It eventually became overcrowded, with little room for expansion. After the opening of [[Rajiv Gandhi International Airport]] in [[Shamshabad, Hyderabad|Shamshabad]] on 23 March 2008, Begumpet ceased all commercial operations.

== History ==
In 1934–1935, [[Mir Osman Ali Khan]], the last [[nizam]] of the [[Princely State of Hyderabad]], decided to establish an airport in Begumpet on the outskirts of [[Hyderabad]].<ref name="th308e">{{cite news | title=One thing the seventh Nizam dreaded the most | work=The Hindu | date=13 March 2008 | author=Ifthekhar, J. S.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.95469/ | title=Report on the Administration of H.E.H. the Nizam's Dominions for the Year 1344 Fasli (6th October 1934 A.D. to 6th October 1935 A.D.) | publisher=Government Central Press | year=1938 | page=84}}</ref> The [[Hyderabad State Aero Club]] was inaugurated at Begumpet in June 1936,<ref name="yb40" /> and [[Dürrüşehvar Sultan|Princess Dürrüşehvar]] laid the foundation stone for a terminal building five months later.<ref>{{cite journal | title=Hyderabad's new airport | journal=Great Britain and the East | volume=47 | date=26 November 1936 | page=787}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Progressive princess of Hyderabad | work=The Hindu | date=3 November 2018 | author=Seshan, K. S. S. | id={{ProQuest|2128393760}}}}</ref> In 1937, [[Air India#Early years (1932–1945)|Tata]]'s service from Karachi to Madras began operating via Begumpet instead of the [[Hakimpet Air Force Station|Hakimpet airfield]].<ref name="yb40">{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.102928/ | title=H.E.H. the Nizam's Government Statistical Year Book 1349 Fasli (1940 A. D.) (With Comparative Statistics from 1344 Fasli) | publisher=Government Central Press | author=Hussain, Mazhar | year=1943 | page=865}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | title=Hyderabad State Aero Club: Flying Report for April 1937 | journal=Indian & Eastern Motors | year=1937 | volume=29 | pages=272–273}}</ref> The following year, the Nizam's State Railways Air Department introduced flights from Madras to Bangalore via Hyderabad. The route ceased at the onset of the [[Second World War]].<ref name="oup23">{{cite book | url=https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192864208.003.0005 | title=The Aeroplane and the Making of Modern India | publisher=Oxford University Press | author=Iqbal, Aashique Ahmed | year=2023 | pages=191–192 | doi=10.1093/oso/9780192864208.003.0005 | isbn=978-0-19-286420-8}}</ref> Service to Bangalore resumed for a brief period in 1940.<ref name="ie546" /> The airport was among the most developed in India at the time of the war.<ref name="oup23" />

During the war, the state government granted control of Begumpet to the Directorate of Civil Aviation.<ref name="oup23" /> The [[Royal Air Force]] took over and set up a flying school in 1942.<ref name="oup23" /><ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianairforce.nic.in/training-command/ | title=Training command | work=Indian Air Force | accessdate=1 September 2024 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207000409/https://indianairforce.nic.in/training-command/ | archivedate=7 December 2021}}</ref> In May 1946, the maiden flight of [[Deccan Airways]] from Begumpet to Bangalore took place.<ref name="ie546">{{cite news | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_6s-AAAAIBAJ&pg=PA5 | title=Deccan Airways inaugurated | work=The Indian Express | date=25 May 1946 | accessdate=26 February 2024 | page=5}}</ref> The airline operated India's first [[Hajj]] flight from the airport five months later.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/1st-haj-flight-took-off-with-just-18-pilgrims/articleshow/65145510.cms | title=1st Haj flight took off with just 18 pilgrims | work=The Times of India | date=26 July 2018 | accessdate=26 February 2024 | author=Akbar, Syed}}</ref> As of 1948, civilian flights to Hyderabad landed at Hakimpet while expansion work was underway at Begumpet.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.85207/ | title=The Hyderabad Government Bulletin on Economic Affairs | publisher=Hyderabad State Government | year=1947–1948 | volume=1 | editor=Iyengar, S. Kesava | page=686}}</ref> In May 1950, commercial airlines moved to Begumpet.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nLw-AAAAIBAJ&pg=PA2 | title=Begumpet Aerodrome opened to scheduled services | work=The Indian Express | date=9 May 1950 | accessdate=26 February 2024 | page=2}}</ref>

Work on the runway to enable it to handle [[Sud Aviation Caravelle|Caravelle]] jets was finished in 1965.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/cftri.timesofindiadire0000njna/ | title=The Times of India Directory & Yearbook, Including Who's Who | year=1967 | editor=Nanporia, N. J. | page=252| publisher=The Times of India Press }}</ref> In the 1970s, [[Indian Airlines]] linked Hyderabad to seven cities in the country and used Caravelles on flights to Bombay.<ref>{{cite journal | title=Effective 1st April, 1977 (Updated 4.7.77) | journal=Indian Airlines Schedules | pages=[https://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/ic/ic77/ic77-1.jpg Route map], [https://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/ic/ic77/ic77-2.jpg table 2]}}</ref> A new terminal was completed in 1972,<ref>{{cite news | title=Helping city soar to greater heights | work=The Hindu | date=7 March 2008 | author=Srinivas, M.}}</ref> and Begumpet handled 250,000 passengers in 1975.<ref>{{cite book | title=Airports of the World | publisher=Putnam | author=Stroud, John | year=1980 | location=London | page=166 | isbn=9780370300375}}</ref> The airport had international flights to Sharjah and Kuwait in the 1990s.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/specials/iaf-grounds-hyderabad-international-airport-plan-197051201049_1.html | title=IAF Grounds Hyderabad International Airport Plan | work=Business Standard | date=12 May 1997 | accessdate=1 September 2024 | author=Ahmed, M. | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422002735/http://www.business-standard.com/article/specials/iaf-grounds-hyderabad-international-airport-plan-197051201049_1.html | archivedate=22 April 2016}}</ref>

In the 1990s, the [[government of Andhra Pradesh]] decided to build a new airport for Hyderabad. Officials ultimately chose a site in [[Shamshabad]], {{convert|30|km|0}} from the city.<ref name="bs305">{{cite news | url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/work-on-hyd-intl-airport-to-start-on-march-16-105031501031_1.html | title=Work on Hyd intl airport to start on March 16 | work=Business Standard | date=2005-03-15 | accessdate=26 February 2024 | author=Reddy, B. Dasarath}}</ref> Passenger counts were climbing quickly at Begumpet, and the terminal was inadequate.<ref name="bl506">{{cite news | title=Promise of world-class experience | work=The Hindu BusinessLine | date=2006-05-15 | author=P. V., Sivakumar}}</ref> There was little room to expand the airport as the development of the surrounding areas meant that Begumpet was now in the middle of the city.<ref name="ht308">{{cite news | title=Now kids play cricket at Hyderabad's old airport | work=Hindustan Times | date=28 March 2008 | agency=Indo-Asian News Service | id={{ProQuest|470318367}}}}</ref> The growth of Hyderabad's information technology and pharmaceutical industries added more pressure to construct a new airport.<ref name="bl506" /> In 2004, the Indian government signed a [[concession agreement]] with the consortium building the Shamshabad airport that required commercial operations at Begumpet to cease when the new airport opened.<ref name="bs305" /><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/centre-confirms-closure-of-hyd-s-old-airport-108031100040_1.html | title=Centre confirms closure of Hyd's old airport | work=Business Standard | date=2008-03-11 | accessdate=26 February 2024}}</ref>

In February 2005, [[Lufthansa]] commenced a nonstop flight between Hyderabad and Frankfurt,<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.rediff.com/money/2005/feb/18flight.htm | title=Lufthansa starts Hyderabad-Frankfurt service | work=Rediff | date=18 February 2005 | agency=Press Trust of India | accessdate=23 May 2021}}</ref> and [[Air Sahara]] opened a hub at the airport.<ref>{{cite news | title=Air Sahara's Hyderabad hub inaugurated | work=Hindustan Times | date=2005-02-05 | id={{ProQuest|470586307}}}}</ref> The [[Airports Authority of India]] responded to the rising traffic by adding another jet bridge and five parking stands.<ref>{{cite news | title=Begumpet airport to get one more aero-bridge | work=The Hindu | date=2006-06-30 | author=Srinivas, M.}}</ref> Between April 2006 and March 2007, 5.8 million travellers passed through the airport, a 44% increase over the previous year.<ref name="third">{{cite web | url=http://www.aai.aero/traffic_news/mar2k7annex3.pdf | title=Annexure III: Traffic Statistics | publisher=Airports Authority of India | date=March 2007 | accessdate=11 July 2021 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120153555/http://www.aai.aero/traffic_news/mar2k7annex3.pdf | archivedate=20 January 2013}}</ref> The final passenger flight to take off from Begumpet was a [[Thai Airways International]] flight to Bangkok at 00:25 on 23 March 2008. [[Rajiv Gandhi International Airport]] opened the same day.<ref>{{cite news | title=Begumpet Airport slips into annals of history | work=The Hindu | date=2008-03-23 | author=Srinivas, M.}}</ref> When scheduled service ended, Begumpet was the sixth busiest airport in India and was served by 10 Indian and 13 foreign airlines.<ref name="ht308" />

== Facilities and operations ==
The airport has one runway named 09/27. It measures {{convert|3230|x|45|m}} and is made of macadam.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://aim-india.aai.aero/eaip-v2-02-2024/index-en-GB.html | title=Aeronautical Information Publication for Begumpet | work=Airports Authority of India | date=2024-01-11 | accessdate=29 February 2024}}</ref>

Begumpet is used for flight training and houses an [[Indian Air Force|air force]] station. Businesspeople, politicians, and others fly into the airport on their private aircraft.<ref>{{cite news | title=Begumpet airport turns a boon for tycoons | work=The Hindu | date=2009-01-05 | author=Srinivas, M.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=IAF Training Command chief visits Air Force Station | work=The Hindu | date=2022-11-26 | id={{ProQuest|2740097609}}}}</ref> Begumpet also hosts [[Wings India]], the country's first [[civil aviation|civilian]] air show. The biennial event is organised by the Ministry of Civil Aviation, Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry, and Airports Authority of India. It was first held in October 2008 under the name India Aviation.<ref>{{cite news | title=India Aviation show proves a big hit | work=The Hindustan Times | date=2008-10-18 | agency=Indo-Asian News Service | author=Shafeeq, Mohammed | id={{ProQuest|471446306}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Major airlines, officials give Hyderabad's Wings India aero show a miss | work=Mint | date=2018-03-10 | id={{ProQuest|2012330275}}}}</ref>

During the period of commercial operations, Begumpet was officially called Hyderabad Airport and had two terminals. The domestic terminal was named for [[N. T. Rama Rao]]; the international one, for [[Rajiv Gandhi]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/hyderabad_generalinfo.jsp | title=Hyderabad Airport | work=Airports Authority of India | accessdate=29 February 2024 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071121234220/http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/hyderabad_generalinfo.jsp | archivedate=2007-11-21}}</ref>

==Accidents and incidents==
*On the night of 12 January 1978, an [[Indian Airlines]] [[Boeing 737-200]] operating a flight from Bombay to Hyderabad had just touched down when the crew saw a man on the runway. The aircraft struck him, and he died on the way to a hospital. The investigation determined that the man had breached security at Begumpet Airport.<ref name="dgca">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Accident Summary 1978|url=https://dgca.gov.in/digigov-portal/?page=jsp/dgca/InventoryList/dataReports/accidentIncidentData/summary/Accident%20Summary%201978.PDF&main4273/4208/servicename|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513232801/https://www.dgca.gov.in/digigov-portal/?page=jsp/dgca/InventoryList/dataReports/accidentIncidentData/summary/Accident%20Summary%201978.PDF&main4273/4208/servicename |archive-date=13 May 2021 |access-date=2020-11-25|website=dgca.gov.in|publisher=[[Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India)|Directorate General of Civil Aviation]]}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
{{commons category|Begumpet Airport}}
* {{portal-inline|Aviation}}
* {{portal-inline|Hyderabad}}
* {{Official website|https://www.aai.aero/en/airports/hyderabad}}
* {{ASN|HYD}}
{{Hyderabad topics}}
{{Airports in India}}

{{Indian Air Force}}

[[Category:Airports established in 1936]]
[[Category:Airports in Telangana]]
[[Category:Transport in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Establishments in Hyderabad State]]
[[Category:1936 establishments in British India]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]
[[Category:Airports Authority of India]]

1980 Kerala Legislative Assembly election

2026-01-28T09:02:18Z

Smartkabadi:

{{Short description|none}}
{{For|Lok Sabha election|1980 Indian general election in Kerala}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1980 Kerala state assembly election
| country = India
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1977 Kerala Legislative Assembly election
| previous_year = 1977
| next_election = 1982 Kerala Legislative Assembly election
| next_year = 1982
| election_date = 3 January and 5 January 1980
| seats_for_election = All 140 seats in the [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
| majority_seats = 71
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=E.K.Nayanar 1.jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=80|cHeight=100|oLeft=13|oTop=11}}
| leader1 = [[E. K. Nayanar]]
| party1 = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| leaders_seat1 = [[Malampuzha Assembly constituency|Malampuzha]]
| alliance1 = [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]
| seats1 = 35
| last_election1 = 29
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 6
| popular_vote1 =
| percentage1 =
| swing1 =
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=K._Karunakaran_(image).jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=80|cHeight=100|oLeft=10|oTop=0}}
| leader2 = [[K. Karunakaran]]
| party2 = Indian National Congress
| alliance2 = [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]
| leaders_seat2 = Mala
| seats2 = 17
| last_election2 = 38
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 21
| popular_vote2 =
| percentage2 =
| swing2 =
| map2_image = [[File:Kerala Alliance wise Result in 1980.svg]]
| map2_size =200px
| map2_caption = Alliance wise structure
| map_image = India-KERALA.svg
| map_size = 150px
| map_caption = '''Kerala, India''' Kerala, one of the states in [[South India]], has an electorate of more than 21 million people.
| title = [[Chief Minister of Kerala|Chief Minister]]
| posttitle = [[Chief Minister of Kerala|Chief Minister]]
| before_election = ''President's Rule''
| before_party =
| after_election = [[E. K. Nayanar]]
| after_party = [[CPI(M)]]
| turnout = 72.23%
}}

Elections were held on 1980 January 3 and 5 to elect members to the sixth Niyamasabha. This election saw the formation of two pre-poll alliances, viz. [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]] and [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]], most of whose constituent parties were part of the erstwhile [[United Front (1970-79, Kerala)|United Front]]. CPI(M)-led LDF to win the election, after winning 98 seats altogether. [[E. K. Nayanar]] was sworn in as the Chief Minister on 26 March 1980 <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://kerala.gov.in/history-of-kerala-legislature|title=History of Kerala legislature - Government of Kerala, India|website=kerala.gov.in|access-date=2019-05-26|ref=history-of-kerala-legislature|archive-date=14 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814235820/https://kerala.gov.in/history-of-kerala-legislature|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==History==
The Congress party had split into two splinter parties, the [[Indian National Congress (I)|INC (I)]] and the [[Indian National Congress (U)|INC (U)]]. [[Kerala Congress]] too underwent a split, with the formation of [[Kerala Congress (M)|KC (M)]] and the [[Kerala Congress (Jacob)|KC (J)]]. The [[Muslim League (Opposition)|ML (O)]] assumed the name AIML.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of Kerala legislature - Government of Kerala, India|url=https://kerala.gov.in/history-of-kerala-legislature|access-date=2020-09-04|website=kerala.gov.in|archive-date=14 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814235820/https://kerala.gov.in/history-of-kerala-legislature|url-status=dead}}</ref> The United Front which won the 1977 election, had dissolved in 1979 which lead to the creation of two long-running alliance formula in the state:

* The '''United Democratic Front (UDF)''' consisting of the INC (I), the IUML, the KC (J), the PSP, the NDP, and the SRP
* The '''Left Democratic Front (LDF)''' comprising, the CPM, the CPI, the INC (U), the KC (M), the KC (PG), the AIML, and the RSP

== Results ==

=== Party Wise Results ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+'''Party Wise Results'''<ref name=":0" />
!colspan=10|[[File:India Kerala Legislative Assembly 1980.svg]]
|-
!Party
!Seats
!Alliance
|----
|----
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Communist Party of Indian (Marxist) (CPM)]]
|35
| rowspan="8" style="background:red; color:black;" |Left Democratic Front
|-
|[[Indian National Congress (U)|Indian National Congress (U) (INC (U))]]
|21
|----
|[[Communist Party of India|Communist Party of India (CPI)]]
|17
|----
|[[Kerala Congress (M)|Kerala Congress (M) (KCM)]]
|8
|----
|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party (RSP)]]
|6
|----
|[[Muslim League (Opposition)|All India Muslim League (AIMUL)]]
|5
|----
|[[Janata Party|Janata Party (JNP)]]
|5
|----
|[[Kerala Congress (B)|Kerala Congress (Pillai Group) (KCP)]]
|1
|----
|[[Indian National Congress (I)|Indian National Congress (I) (INC (I))]]
|17
| rowspan="5" style="background:skyblue; color:black;" | United Democratic Front
|----
|[[Indian Union Muslim League|Indian Union Muslim League (IUML)]]
|14
|----
|[[Kerala Congress (Joseph)|Kerala Congress (J) (KEC)]]
|6
|----
|[[National Democratic Party (Kerala)|National Democratic Party (NDP)]]{{efn|name=fn1}}
|3
|-
|[[Praja Socialist Party|Praja Socialist Party (PSP)]]{{efn|name=fn1}}
|1
|----
|[[Independent politician|Independent (IND)]]
|1
|''N/A''
|----
!Total
!140
!
|----
|}

==== Notes ====

{{notelist|refs=
{{efn|name=fn1|The members of the PSP and NDP were elected as independent candidates.}}}}

=== Constituency Wise Results ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+'''Detailed constituency-wise Results<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/pdf/KLA/KL_1980_ST_REP.pdf|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1980 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF KERELA|publisher=ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA|year=1987|pages=4–7}}</ref>'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/kerala/assembly-constituencies/1980-election-results.html|title=Kerala Assembly Election Results in 1980|website=www.elections.in|access-date=2019-05-18}}</ref>
!'''Sl No.'''
!Constituency Name
!Category
!Winner Candidates Name
!Gender
!Party
!Vote
!Runner-up Candidates Name
!Gender
!Party
!vote
|----
|----
|----
|1
|Manjeshwar
|GEN
|Dr. A. Subba Rao
|M
|CPI
|20816
|Chorkalam Abdullah
|M
|MUL
|20660
|----
|2
|Kasaragod
|GEN
|C. T. Ahamedali
|M
|MUL
|30793
|Gorvacis Areeckal
|M
|KEC
|14113
|----
|3
|Udma
|GEN
|K. Purushothaman
|M
|CPM
|31948
|N. K. Balakrishnan
|M
|IND
|26928
|----
|4
|Hosdrug
|SC
|K. T. Kumaran
|M
|CPI
|42136
|T. Kumaran Master
|M
|INC(I)
|32031
|----
|5
|Trikaripur
|GEN
|P. Karunakaran
|M
|CPM
|47643
|K. P. Kunhikannan
|M
|INC(I)
|32026
|----
|6
|Irikkur
|GEN
|Ramachandran Kadannappally
|M
|INC(U)
|37440
|Dr. K. C. Joseph
|M
|KCJ
|31992
|----
|7
|Payyannur
|GEN
|N. Subrammaniya Shenoy
|M
|CPM
|46351
|T. V. Koran
|M
|IND
|26939
|----
|8
|Taliparamba
|GEN
|C. P. Moossan Kutty
|M
|CPM
|47420
|Chandren T. P.
|M
|IND
|30829
|----
|9
|Azhikode
|GEN
|P. Devooty
|F
|CPM
|38985
|T. V. Narayanan
|M
|INC(I)
|24502
|----
|10
|Cannanore
|GEN
|P. Bhaskaran
|M
|JNP
|35565
|O. Bharathan
|M
|CPM
|35216
|----
|11
|Edakkad
|GEN
|P. P. V. Moosa
|M
|IML
|39843
|K. Sudhakaran
|M
|JNP
|29886
|----
|12
|Tellicherry
|GEN
|M. V. Rajagopalan
|M
|CPM
|42673
|V. P. Marakikar
|M
|INC(I)
|25971
|----
|13
|Peringalam
|GEN
|A. K. Saseendran
|M
|INC(U)
|38049
|K. C. Marar
|M
|JNP
|32159
|----
|14
|Kuthuparamba
|GEN
|N. V. Raghavan
|M
|CPM
|44207
|R. Karunakaran
|M
|IND
|22556
|----
|15
|Peravoor
|GEN
|K. P. Noorudeen
|M
|INC(U)
|45486
|C. M. Karunakaran Nambiar
|M
|INC(I)
|31370
|----
|16
|North Wayanad
|ST
|M. V. Rajan Master
|M
|INC(I)
|33723
|A. Gopalan
|M
|CPM
|29940
|----
|17
|Badagara
|GEN
|K. Chandra Sekharan
|M
|JNP
|41684
|P. V. Kunhikannan
|M
|CPM
|40322
|----
|18
|Nadapuram
|GEN
|K. T. Kanaran
|M
|CPI
|42680
|Dr. K. G. Adiyedi
|M
|INC(I)
|36940
|----
|19
|Meppayur
|GEN
|A. V. Abdulurahiman Haji
|M
|IML
|43851
|P. K. K. Bava
|M
|MUL
|36044
|----
|20
|Quilandy
|GEN
|Manimangalath Kuttialy
|M
|INC(I)
|42171
|P. K. Sankaran
|M
|CPM
|37143
|----
|21
|Perambra
|GEN
|V. V. Dakshinamoorthy
|M
|CPM
|44695
|K. A. Devassia
|M
|KCJ
|35227
|----
|22
|Balusseri
|GEN
|A. C. Shanmukhadas
|M
|INC(U)
|39664
|P. K. Sankaran Kutty
|M
|JNP
|30716
|----
|23
|Koduvally
|GEN
|P. V. Mohammed
|M
|MUL
|41134
|K. Moossakutty
|M
|CPM
|35608
|----
|24
|Calicut- I
|GEN
|N. Chandrasekhara Kurup
|M
|CPM
|41796
|K. T. Raghavan
|M
|INC(I)
|38011
|----
|25
|Calicut- II
|GEN
|P. M. Abubackar
|M
|IML
|40160
|C. K. Nanu
|M
|JNP
|34931
|----
|26
|Beypore
|GEN
|N. P. Moideen
|M
|INC(U)
|43360
|N. K. Abdulla Koya
|M
|MUL
|36052
|----
|27
|Kunnamangalam
|SC
|K. P. Raman
|M
|IML
|35234
|K. Gopalan
|M
|INC(I)
|31173
|----
|28
|Thiruvambady
|GEN
|[[P. Cyriac John]]
|M
|INC(U)
|35623
|N. M. Hussain
|M
|MUL
|29953
|----
|29
|Kalpetta
|GEN
|[[M. Kamalam]]
|F
|JNP
|37442
|K. Abdul Khader
|M
|RSP
|24403
|----
|30
|Sultan's Battery
|GEN
|K. K. Ramachandran Master
|M
|INC(I)
|36974
|P. T. Jose
|M
|KEC
|29580
|----
|31
|Wandoor
|SC
|[[M. A. Kuttappan]]
|M
|INC(I)
|35187
|P. Suresh
|M
|INC(U)
|29298
|----
|32
|Nilambur
|GEN
|C. Haridas
|M
|INC(U)
|41744
|T. K. Hamsa
|M
|INC(I)
|35321
|----
|32 {{note label|1980|1|1}}
|Nilambur
|GEN
|A.Mohammad
|M
|INC(U)
|49609
|M.R.Chandran
|M
|INC(I)
|31768
|----
|33
|Manjeri
|GEN
|[[C. H. Mohammed Koya]]
|M
|MUL
|43209
|M. P. M. Aboobacker Kunikkal
|M
|IML
|21905
|----
|33 {{note label|1984|2|2}}
|Manjeri
|GEN
|I.Kurikkal.M.P.M
|M
|MUL
|47988
|M.C.Mohammed
|M
|IML
|26179
|----
|34
|Malappuram
|GEN
|U. A. Beeran
|M
|MUL
|36602
|T. K. F. M. A. Muthukoya Thangal
|M
|IML
|17272
|----
|35
|Kondotty
|GEN
|P. Seethi Haji
|M
|MUL
|41848
|M. C. Mohamed
|M
|IML
|26650
|----
|36
|Tirurangadi
|GEN
|Avukkaderkutty Maha
|M
|MUL
|37775
|K. Koyakunhi Naha
|M
|CPI
|25816
|----
|37
|Tanur
|GEN
|[[E. Ahamed]]
|M
|MUL
|38998
|U. K. Bhasy
|M
|INC(U)
|15265
|----
|38
|Tirur
|GEN
|P. T. Kunhi Mohammed Alias Kunhutty Hajee
|M
|MUL
|38469
|Mohammed S/O Abdu
|M
|IML
|36201
|----
|39
|Ponnani
|GEN
|K. Sreedharan
|M
|CPM
|38791
|P. T. Kohanakrishnan
|M
|INC(I)
|36475
|----
|40
|Kuttippuram
|GEN
|Korambayil Ahammed Haji
|M
|MUL
|33863
|P. V. S. Musthafa Pookkoya Thangal
|M
|IML
|15703
|----
|41
|Mankada
|GEN
|K. P. Majeed
|M
|MUL
|35623
|Abu Haji K.
|M
|IML
|31861
|----
|42
|Perinthalmanna
|GEN
|Nalakath Sooppy
|M
|MUL
|37203
|Paloli Mohammed Kutty
|M
|CPM
|33289
|----
|43
|Thrithala
|SC
|M. P. Thami
|M
|INC(I)
|30214
|N. Subbayyan
|M
|INC(U)
|29595
|----
|44
|Pattambi
|GEN
|M. P. Gangadharan
|M
|INC(I)
|31570
|E. P. Gopalan
|M
|CPI
|28119
|----
|45
|Ottapalam
|GEN
|V. C. Kabeer
|M
|INC(U)
|23683
|P. R. Nambiar
|M
|JNP
|20499
|----
|46
|Sreekrishnapuram
|GEN
|[[K. Sankaranarayanan]]
|M
|INC(I)
|33532
|M. P. Kunju
|M
|CPM
|33114
|----
|47
|Mannarkkad
|GEN
|A. P. Hamza
|M
|MUL
|30091
|A. N. Yusuf
|M
|CPI
|28703
|----
|48
|Malampuzha
|GEN
|[[E. K. Nayanar]]
|M
|CPM
|35333
|K. Rajan
|M
|JNP
|19776
|----
|49
|Palghat
|GEN
|C. M. Sundaram
|M
|IND
|35902
|K. A. Chandran
|M
|INC(U)
|25695
|----
|50
|Chittur
|GEN
|K. Krishnankutty
|M
|JNP
|23882
|P. Sankar
|M
|CPI
|23578
|----
|51
|Kollengode
|GEN
|C. Vasudeva Menon
|M
|CPM
|36688
|A. Sunna Sahib
|M
|INC(I)
|34156
|----
|52
|Coyalmannam
|SC
|T. K. Arumughan
|M
|CPM
|34530
|V. Mani
|M
|INC(I)
|28210
|----
|53
|Alathur
|GEN
|C. T. Krishnan
|M
|CPM
|36244
|K. P. Kaladharan
|M
|IND
|30262
|----
|54
|Chelakara
|SC
|K. K. Balakrishnan
|M
|INC(I)
|32024
|K. S. Sankaran
|M
|CPM
|30899
|----
|55
|Wadakkanchery
|GEN
|K. S. Narayanan Namboodri
|M
|INC(I)
|34658
|A. Padmanabhan
|M
|CPM
|32391
|----
|56
|Kunnamkulam
|GEN
|[[K. P. Viswanathan]]
|M
|INC(U)
|33127
|N. Madhava
|M
|IND
|16421
|----
|57
|Cherpu
|GEN
|K. P. Prabhakaran
|M
|CPI
|35973
|Therambil Ramakrishnan
|M
|IND
|29253
|----
|58
|Trichur
|GEN
|M. K. Kannan
|M
|CPM
|32296
|K. J. George
|M
|JNP
|28872
|----
|59
|Ollur
|GEN
|Raghavan Poshakadavil
|M
|INC(I)
|32302
|Francis P. R.
|M
|INC(U)
|32277
|----
|60
|Kodakara
|GEN
|Lonappan Nambadan
|M
|KEC
|29023
|V. L. Lonappan
|M
|INC(I)
|24503
|----
|61
|Chalakudi
|GEN
|P. K. Ittoop
|M
|KEC
|30786
|P. A. Thomas
|M
|INC(I)
|30657
|----
|62
|Mala
|GEN
|[[K. Karunakaran]]
|M
|INC(I)
|35964
|Paul Kokkat
|M
|CPM
|32562
|----
|63
|Irinjalakuda
|GEN
|Joes Thanickal
|M
|INC(U)
|36086
|A. P. George
|M
|JNP
|28396
|----
|64
|Manalur
|GEN
|V. M. Sudheeran
|M
|INC(U)
|35551
|N. I. Devassikutty
|M
|INC(I)
|27619
|----
|65
|Guruvayoor
|GEN
|B. V. Seethi Thangal
|M
|MUL
|30176
|C. K. Kumaran
|M
|CPM
|28424
|----
|66
|Nattika
|GEN
|P. K. Gopalakrishnan
|M
|CPI
|31463
|K. Moidu
|M
|JNP
|26900
|----
|67
|Kodungallur
|GEN
|V. K. Rajan
|M
|CPI
|35567
|Kollickatharan Ravi
|M
|IND
|33047
|----
|68
|Ankamali
|GEN
|A. P. Kurrian
|M
|CPM
|40565
|P. J. Joy
|M
|JNP
|38759
|----
|69
|Vadakkekara
|GEN
|T. K. Abdu
|M
|CPM
|38387
|P. N. Sukumaran Nair
|M
|JNP
|26640
|----
|70
|Parur
|GEN
|A. C. Jose
|M
|INC(U)
|31246
|K. P. George
|M
|IND
|26761
|----
|70 {{note label|1984|2|2}}
|Parur
|GEN
|A.C.Jose
|M
|IND
|32781
|S.Pillai
|M
|CPI
|31335
|----
|71
|Narakkal
|SC
|M. K. Krishnan
|M
|CPM
|34932
|T. K. C. Vaduthala
|M
|IND
|31959
|----
|72
|Ernakulam
|GEN
|A. L. Jacob
|M
|INC(I)
|36668
|K. N. Ravindranath
|M
|CPM
|36091
|----
|73
|Mattancherry
|GEN
|M. J. Zakaria
|M
|IML
|26543
|A. S. Abdulrahiman
|M
|JNP
|24757
|----
|74
|Palluruthy
|GEN
|T. P. Peethambaran Master
|M
|INC(U)
|40879
|T. T. Mathew
|M
|KCJ
|33663
|----
|75
|Thrippunithura
|GEN
|T. K. Ramakrishnan
|M
|CPM
|44813
|H. N. Velayudhan Nair
|M
|IND
|34720
|----
|76
|Alwaye
|GEN
|K. Mohammed Ali
|M
|INC(U)
|46291
|T. H. Mustaffa
|M
|INC(I)
|39962
|----
|77
|Perumbavoor
|GEN
|P. R. Sivan
|M
|CPM
|40525
|Kochunny Master A. A.
|M
|INC(I)
|33455
|----
|78
|Kunnathunad
|GEN
|P. P. Esthose
|M
|CPM
|36460
|P. P. Thankachan
|M
|INC(I)
|36027
|----
|79
|Piravom
|GEN
|P. C. Chaeko
|M
|INC(U)
|38659
|C. Paulose
|M
|IND
|35408
|----
|80
|Muvattupuzha
|GEN
|V. Joseph
|M
|KCJ
|37044
|Johny Nelloor Varkey
|M
|KEC
|33523
|----
|81
|Kothamangalam
|GEN
|[[T. M. Jacob]]
|M
|KCJ
|40356
|M. V. Mani
|M
|KEC
|32843
|----
|82
|Thodupuzha
|GEN
|P. J. Joseph
|M
|KCJ
|43410
|Kusuman Joseph
|F
|INC(U)
|33093
|----
|83
|Devicolam
|SC
|G. Varadan
|M
|CPM
|36346
|P. A. Prakash
|M
|IND
|19951
|----
|84
|Idukki
|GEN
|Jose Kuttyani
|M
|INC(I)
|33367
|V. T. Sebastian
|M
|KEC
|28838
|----
|85
|Udumbanchola
|GEN
|Thomas Joseph
|M
|KEC
|38417
|Pachady Sreedaran
|M
|IND
|33030
|----
|86
|Peermade
|GEN
|C. A. Kurian
|M
|CPI
|34795
|Michaal Manarkattu
|M
|INC(I)
|31444
|----
|87
|Kanjirappally
|GEN
|Thomas Kallampally
|M
|KEC
|33172
|Joseph Varanam
|M
|KCJ
|31167
|----
|88
|Vazhoor
|GEN
|M. K. Joseph
|M
|KEC
|27819
|P. S. John
|M
|INC(I)
|16377
|----
|89
|Changanacherry
|GEN
|C. F. Thomas
|M
|KEC
|37041
|K. J. Chacko
|M
|KCJ
|34408
|----
|90
|Kottayam
|GEN
|K. M. Abraham
|M
|CPM
|37588
|P. B. R. Pillai
|M
|JNP
|25624
|----
|91
|Ettumanoor
|GEN
|Vaikom Viswan
|M
|CPM
|34239
|George Joseph Podipara
|M
|IND
|33865
|----
|92
|Puthuppally
|GEN
|[[Oommen Chandy]]
|M
|INC(U)
|38612
|M. R. G. Panicker
|M
|IND
|24953
|----
|93
|Poonjar
|GEN
|P. C. George
|M
|KCJ
|25806
|V. J. Joseph
|M
|KEC
|24658
|----
|94
|Palai
|GEN
|K. N. Mani
|M
|KEC
|38739
|[[M. M. Jacob]]
|M
|INC(I)
|34173
|----
|95
|Kaduthuruthy
|GEN
|O. Lukose
|M
|KEC
|32863
|E. J. Lukose
|M
|KCJ
|31577
|----
|96
|Vaikom
|SC
|M. K. Kesavan
|M
|CPI
|40590
|Gopalan
|M
|IND
|28098
|----
|97
|Aroor
|GEN
|K. R. Gouri
|F
|CPM
|44219
|T. K. Sadanandan (Sadanadan Kunjan)
|M
|INC(I)
|31855
|----
|98
|Sherthalai
|GEN
|P. S. Sreenivasan
|M
|CPI
|38613
|Joseph Mathan
|M
|JNP
|27200
|----
|99
|Mararikulam
|GEN
|A. V. Thamarakshan
|M
|RSP
|45714
|Raju Gangadharan
|M
|IND
|35885
|----
|100
|Alleppey
|GEN
|[[P. K. Vasudevan Nair]]
|M
|CPI
|34786
|K. P. Ramchandran Nair
|M
|IND
|33783
|----
|101
|Ambalapuzha
|GEN
|P. K. Chandranandan
|M
|CPM
|36009
|V. Dinakaran
|M
|IND
|32884
|----
|102
|Kuttanad
|GEN
|Ooman Mathew
|M
|KCJ
|37346
|K. P. Joseph
|M
|CPM
|33256
|----
|103
|Haripad
|GEN
|C. B. Warrier
|M
|CPM
|41514
|G. P. Mangalathu Madem
|M
|INC(I)
|38105
|----
|104
|Kayamkulam
|GEN
|Thachedy Prabhakaran
|M
|INC(U)
|41320
|Thundathil Kunjukrishna Pillai
|M
|INC(I)
|29718
|----
|105
|Thiruvalla
|GEN
|P. C. Thomas
|M
|JNP
|29485
|Varghese Karippavil
|M
|KCP
|28285
|----
|106
|Kallooppara
|GEN
|K. A. Mathew
|M
|KCJ
|29399
|C. A. Mathew
|M
|KEC
|24261
|----
|107
|Aranmula
|GEN
|K. K. Sreenivasan
|M
|INC(I)
|30227
|Thoppil Ravi
|M
|INC(U)
|27121
|----
|108
|Chengannur
|GEN
|K. R. Saraswathi Amma
|F
|IND
|35910
|Thomas Kuthiravattom
|M
|KEC
|31610
|----
|109
|Mavelikara
|GEN
|S. Govinda Kurup
|M
|CPM
|37990
|N. Bhaskaran Nair
|M
|IND
|32063
|----
|110
|Pandalam
|SC
|P. K. Velayudhan
|M
|INC(U)
|39890
|P. S. Rajan
|M
|INC(I)
|32376
|----
|111
|Ranni
|GEN
|M. C. Cherian
|M
|INC(U)
|31243
|Sunny Panavelil
|M
|INC(I)
|30097
|----
|112
|Pathanamthitta
|GEN
|K. K. Nair
|M
|IND
|27549
|Eapan Varughese
|M
|KCJ
|25566
|----
|113
|Konni
|GEN
|V. S. Chandra Sekhar Pillai
|M
|CPM
|33107
|G. Gopinadhan Nair
|M
|INC(U)
|31054
|----
|114
|Pathanapuram
|GEN
|E. K. Pillai
|M
|CPI
|37527
|Bava Sahib
|M
|IND
|28328
|----
|115
|Punalur
|GEN
|P. K. Sreenivasan
|M
|CPI
|36133
|Sam Oommen Oommen
|M
|KCJ
|33920
|----
|115 {{note label|1984|2|2}}
|Punalur
|GEN
|V.S.Pillai
|M
|KCJ
|46553
|P.K.Sreenivasan
|M
|CPI
|45579
|----
|116
|Chadayamangalam
|GEN
|E. Chandrasekharan Nair
|M
|CPI
|33991
|Valiyaveedan Mohammed Kunju
|M
|MUL
|23107
|----
|117
|Kottarakkara
|GEN
|R. Balakrishna Pillai
|M
|KCP
|48473
|Thevannoor Sreedharan Nair
|M
|IND
|11762
|----
|118
|Neduvathur
|SC
|C. K. Thankappan
|M
|CPM
|35041
|M. R. Kottara
|M
|INC(I)
|28784
|----
|119
|Adoor
|GEN
|C. P. Karunakaran Pillai
|M
|CPM
|31639
|Thennala Balakrishna Pillai
|M
|INC(I)
|28326
|----
|120
|Kunnathur
|SC
|Kallada Narayanan
|M
|RSP
|40582
|Kottakkuzhy Sukumaran
|M
|JNP
|29686
|----
|121
|Karunagappally
|GEN
|B. M. Sheriff
|M
|CPI
|35831
|T. V. Vijayarajan
|M
|IND
|33842
|----
|122
|Chavara
|GEN
|Baby John
|M
|RSP
|41448
|C. Rajendran
|M
|JNP
|24835
|----
|123
|Kundara
|GEN
|V. V. Joseph
|M
|CPM
|39690
|V. Sankara Narayana Pillai
|M
|INC(I)
|27319
|----
|124
|Quilon
|GEN
|K. Sivadasan
|M
|RSP
|35749
|C. V. Padmarajan
|M
|INC(I)
|33335
|----
|125
|Eravipuram
|GEN
|R. S. Unni
|M
|RSP
|45281
|A. Yunus Kunju
|M
|MUL
|31712
|----
|126
|Chathanoor
|GEN
|J. Chitharanjan
|M
|CPI
|34037
|Varinjam Vasu Pillai
|M
|JNP
|28670
|----
|127
|Varkala
|GEN
|Varkala Radhakrishan
|M
|CPM
|34148
|G. Karthikeyan
|M
|INC(I)
|26887
|----
|128
|Attingal
|GEN
|[[Vakkom Purushothaman]]
|M
|INC(U)
|35634
|Vakkom Devarajan
|M
|IND
|22561
|----
|129
|Kilimanoor
|SC
|Bhargavi Thunkappan
|F
|CPI
|36513
|V. K. Ram
|M
|JNP
|14761
|----
|130
|Vamanapuram
|GEN
|Koliyakode N. Krishnan Nair
|M
|CPM
|38333
|A. Nafeesath Beevi
|F
|INC(I)
|26273
|----
|131
|Ariyanad
|GEN
|K. Pankajakshan
|M
|RSP
|29108
|Charupara Ravi
|M
|JNP
|27822
|----
|132
|Nedumangad
|GEN
|K. V. Surendranath
|M
|CPI
|33919
|Purathekattu Chandrasekharan Nair
|M
|IND
|27619
|----
|133
|Kazhakuttam
|GEN
|N. M. Hassan
|M
|INC(U)
|35739
|Lakshmanen Vaidyan
|M
|INC(I)
|32939
|----
|134
|Trivandrum North
|GEN
|K. Anirudhan
|M
|CPM
|36460
|R. Sundaresan Nair
|M
|JNP
|34200
|----
|135
|Trivandrum West
|GEN
|P. A. Mohemmed Kannu
|M
|MUL
|31490
|K. C. Vamadevan
|M
|RSP
|26231
|----
|136
|Trivandrum East
|GEN
|C. S. Neelakantan Nair
|M
|IND
|33519
|K. Sankaranarayana Pillai
|M
|INC(U)
|32734
|----
|137
|Nemom
|GEN
|E. Ramesan Nair
|M
|INC(I)
|37589
|S. Varaderajan Nair
|M
|INC(U)
|30312
|----
|138
|Kovalam
|GEN
|M. R. Raghu Chandra Bal
|M
|INC(I)
|40047
|V. Thankayyan
|M
|CPI
|32526
|----
|139
|Neyyattinkara
|GEN
|R. Sundaresan Nair
|M
|IND
|39975
|R. Parameswaran Pillai
|M
|CPM
|30331
|----
|140
|Parassala
|GEN
|N. Sundaran Nadar
|M
|INC(I)
|40680
|M. Sathynesan
|M
|CPM
|26121
|----
|}

{| style="margin: 1em auto;"
|-
|{{note label|1980|1|1}} Bye-poll on 1980
|-
|{{note label|1984|2|2}} Bye-poll on 1984
|}

== Aftermath ==

=== Formation of Ministry ===
On 25 January 1980, a 17 member ministry headed by E.K. Nayanar of CPI(M) was sworn in, revoking President's rule.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/states/story/19800215-victory-of-cpi-m-led-ldf-in-kerala-elections-manifests-swing-away-from-congressi-806437-2014-02-10|title=Victory of CPI-M-led LDF in Kerala elections manifests swing away from Congress(I)|date=10 February 2014|first=Amarnath K.|last=Menon|publisher=India Today|language=en|access-date=2019-05-26}}</ref>

=== Withdrawal of support ===
Despite the thumping majority for the LDF in the Assembly, the Nayanar government’s majority depended on the support of 21 members of the [[Congress (Urs)|Congress (U)]], led by [[A. K. Antony]], as well as eight members of the Mani faction of the Kerala Congress. Both of these factions had trouble with the CPI (M) style of rule, and withdrew their support on 16 October 1981, leading to Nayanar’s resignation 4 days later.

=== Formation of new government ===
Following two months of uncertainty, Congress (S) decided to support Congress (Indira), and an eight-member ministry was formed on 28 December 1981, with K. Karunakaran, of Indira-Congress, at the helm. It was the twelfth ministry in Kerala. However Karunakaran couldn’t build a comfortable majority either, as troubles began to rise as the [[Indian Congress (Socialist)|Congress (S)]] split into two factions, 16 members joining the Antony group and six remaining as members of the Chacko group, along with a split in Janata Party.

With these shifts, the Assembly was divided exactly down the middle, with the ruling front of the Congress and the CPI (M)-led Opposition both having 70 MLAs each. The only vote that shifted the balance was Speaker [[A. C. Jose|A. C. Jose’s]]. His casting vote, exercised eight times, was the only thing that kept the Karunakaran government in power for nearly three months.

The deadlock finally came to an end when [[Lonappan Nambadan]], a founder-member of the Kerala Congress – then allied with the ruling United Democratic Front – voted against the government. On 17 March 1982, the Karunakaran government resigned and the Assembly was dissolved. The state came under President’s rule for the eighth time, forcing an interim election in 1982.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kerala Chronicles: How an Assembly Speaker kept a Congress govt afloat for 3 months in 1982|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/kerala-chronicles-how-assembly-speaker-kept-congress-govt-afloat-3-months-1982-63902|access-date=2020-09-04|website=www.thenewsminute.com|date=19 June 2017 }}</ref><ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.keralaassembly.org/ Kerala Assembly Election DATABASE]

{{Kerala Niyamasabha elections}}

[[Category:1980 State Assembly elections in India|Kerala]]
[[Category:State Assembly elections in Kerala]]
[[Category:1980s in Kerala]]

Maharshi (soundtrack)

2026-01-23T06:09:38Z

Smartkabadi: Creating new article initial version

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox album
| name = Maharshi
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| cover = Maharshi album.jpg
| alt =
| released = 15 May 2019
| recorded = 2018–2019
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 31:38
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| label = [[Aditya Music]]
| producer = [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| prev_title = [[Chitralahari (film)|''Chitralahari'']]
| prev_year = 2019
| next_title = [[Sarileru Neekevvaru]]
| next_year = 2019
| misc = {{Singles
| name = Maharshi
| type = soundtrack
| single1 = Choti Choti Baatein
| single1date = 29 March 2019
| single2 = Nuvve Samastham
| single2date = 12 April 2019
| single3 = [[Everest Anchuna]]
| single3date = 20 April 2019
| single4 = Padara Padara
| single4date = 24 April 2019
| single5 = Paala Pitta
| single5date = 29 April 2019
| single6 = Idhe Kadha Nee Kadha
| single6date = 3 May 2019
}}
}}

'''''Maharshi''''' is the [[soundtrack album]] composed by [[Devi Sri Prasad]] for the 2019 Tollywood film [[Maharshi (2019 film)|of the same name]] starring [[Mahesh Babu]], [[Pooja Hegde]], and [[Allari Naresh]] in lead roles, directed by [[Vamshi Paidipally]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Maharshi teaser out: Mahesh Babu sizzles in Vamsi Paidipally's action-drama|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/maharshi-teaser-out-mahesh-babu-sizzles-in-vamsi-paidipally-s-action-drama-1495406-2019-04-06|work=[[India Today]]|date=6 April 2019 }}</ref> The film marks Devi's second collaboration with Paidipally after ''[[Yevadu]]'' (2014). The album consists of eight songs with [[Sri Mani]] penning all the lyrics of the Telugu version. The soundtrack album was released digitally on 15 May 2019 on the [[Aditya Music]] label.

== Background and production ==
The film marks Devi's second collaboration with Paidipally after ''[[Yevadu]]'' (2014) and fourth collaboration with Mahesh Babu after ''[[1: Nenokkadine]]'' (2014), ''[[Srimanthudu]]'' (2015) and ''[[Bharat Ane Nenu]]'' (2018). Music production of the film began in early 2019, in parallel to film's shooting.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Devi Sri Prasad on sets of Mahesh Babu and Pooja Hegde's 'Maharshi' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/devi-sri-prasad-on-sets-of-mahesh-babu-and-pooja-hegdes-maharshi/articleshow/68352611.cms|access-date=2021-09-27|website=The Times of India|date=11 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref> DSP's regular collaborator Sri Mani has written all the tracks for the Telugu version. In an interview with [[The New Indian Express|''Cinema Express'']], lyricist Sri Mani said that "It’s important to blend the ideas of the director and music composer with my words. It’s imperative to be on the same page as them. I try to write lines that gel with the director’s vision, stay true to the story, the situation of the song, the character, and the tune. However, the challenge is always to find something good, new, and interesting to write".<ref>{{Cite web|title='Director C Prem Kumar wanted me to write a soul-stirring song for Jaanu'|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/interviews/2020/jan/29/shreemani-a-lyricist-should-be-able-to-write-all-king-of-songs-16778.html|access-date=2021-09-27|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=29 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

The first single "Choti Choti Baatein" is based on the [[friendship]] between three lead roles (played by Babu, Hegde and Naresh) during their college life.<ref name="indiatoday">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/maharshi-mahesh-babu-treats-fans-to-a-glimpse-of-choti-choti-baatein-song-watch-1518499-2019-05-06|title=Maharshi: Mahesh Babu treats fans to a glimpse of Choti Choti Baatein song|website=India Today|date=2019-05-06|author=India Today Web Desk|access-date=2021-09-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title='Maharshi' song 'Choti Choti Baatein': First lyrical video from the Mahesh-starrer will certainly tug at your heart strings - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/maharshi-song-choti-choti-baatein-first-lyrical-video-from-the-mahesh-starrer-will-certainly-tug-at-your-heart-strings/articleshow/68628330.cms|access-date=2021-09-27|website=The Times of India|date=29 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref> Second single "Nuvve Samastham" explores the success of the character Rishi (played by Babu).<ref>{{Cite news|title='Maharshi' second single titled 'Nuvve Samastham' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/maharshi-second-single-titled-nuvve-samastham/articleshow/68835460.cms|access-date=2021-09-27|website=The Times of India|date=11 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref> The song was shot at various locations in the [[New York City]], including the [[Statue of Liberty]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-13|title=Maharshi second single 'Nuvve Samastham' released|url=https://english.newstracklive.com/news/maharshi-second-single-nuvve-samastham-released-sc-nu-1006615-1.html|access-date=2021-09-27|website=News Track|language=en}}</ref> On singing "[[Everest Anchuna]]" song, [[Vishnupriya Ravi]] told ''[[The Hindu]]'' that "I prefer fast, peppy numbers because I feel it suits my voice".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ramanujam|first=Srinivasa|date=2019-05-13|title=Vishnupriya on crooning 'Everest Anchuna' in Mahesh Babu's 'Maharshi'|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/vishnupriya-opens-up-on-maharshi/article27116447.ece|access-date=2021-09-27|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Fourth single "Padara Padara" is based on the importance of agriculture focusing on the new-age farming and the issues being faced by farmers in India.<ref>{{Cite news|title='Padara Padara' from Mahesh Babu, Pooja Hegde and Allari Naresh's 'Maharshi' released! - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/padara-padara-from-mahesh-babu-pooja-hegde-and-allari-nareshs-maharshi-released/articleshow/69025208.cms|access-date=2021-09-27|website=The Times of India|date=24 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref> ''[[The Indian Express]]'' reporting the release of the song, cited that "Mahesh Babu plays the saviour of distressed farmers".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-24|title=Maharshi song Padara Padara: Mahesh Babu plays the saviour of distressed farmers|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/padara-padara-song-maharshi-mahesh-babu-5692760/|access-date=2021-09-27|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> The fifth single "Paala Pitta" is a [[Folk song|folk]] track, with Manasi getting praise for her voice.<ref>{{Cite news|title='Paala Pitta' from Mahesh Babu, Pooja Hegde and Allari Naresh's 'Maharshi' delivers a folksy tune! - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/paala-pitta-from-mahesh-babu-pooja-hegde-and-allari-nareshs-maharshi-delivers-a-folksy-tune/articleshow/69097547.cms|access-date=2021-09-27|website=The Times of India|date=29 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=siva|date=2019-04-30|title=Mahesh Babu Unveils Paala Pitta Song from Maharshi|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/mahesh-babu-unveils-paala-pitta-song-from-maharshi-525429|access-date=2021-09-27|website=www.thehansindia.com|language=en}}</ref>

== Release ==
A total of eight tracks were featured in the soundtrack album. Initially the jukebox of the film is reported to be released on 25 April 2019, which was later released on 30 April 2019, a day before the film's pre-release event.{{citation needed|date=November 2024}} The official soundtrack (jukebox) has six tracks, while the total soundtrack which was released on 1 May 2019 during the pre-release event, has eight tracks.{{citation needed|date=November 2024}} Out of the eight tracks, five tracks in the soundtrack album were released as singles. The first single "Choti Choti Baatein", written by Sri Mani and sung by Devi Sri Prasad, was released on 29 March 2019 coinciding with [[Friendship Day]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-23|title=Maharshi first single release date out|url=https://www.telugubulletin.com/maharshi-first-single-release-date-out-1353|access-date=2021-09-27|website=TeluguBulletin.com|language=en-US}}</ref> The Album's second single "Nuvve Samastham", written by Sri Mani and sung by [[Yazin Nizar]], was released on 12 April 2019.{{citation needed|date=November 2024}} The third single "[[Everest Anchuna]]", a [[Pop song|peppy song]] sung by [[Vedala Hemachandra]] and Vishnupriya Ravi, was released on 20 April 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|title='Everest Anchuna will blow your mind when you'll see it on screen' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/everest-anchuna-will-blow-your-mind-when-youll-see-it-on-screen/articleshow/68974169.cms|access-date=2021-09-27|website=The Times of India|date=21 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref> The fourth single "Padara Padara", sung by [[Shankar Mahadevan]], was released on 24 April 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-23|title=Mahesh Babu to unveil another song titled Padara Padara from his film Maharshi on THIS date; Check out|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/mahesh-babu-unveil-another-song-titled-padara-padara-his-film-maharshi-date-check-out-447741|access-date=2021-09-27|website=PINKVILLA|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Jain|first=Pavni|date=2019-04-23|title=Mahesh Babu to announce Maharshi's fourth track titled Padara Padara release date; Deets inside|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities-mahesh-babu-to-announce-maharshi-s-fourth-track-titled-padara-padara-release-date-deets-inside-515949|access-date=2021-09-27|website=www.indiatvnews.com|language=en}}</ref> Fifth single "Paala Pitta", sung by [[Rahul Sipligunj]] and [[M. M. Manasi]], was released on 29 April 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-29|title=Mahesh Babu's 'Maharishi song 'Paala Pitta' is out and we love it.|url=https://www.thelivemirror.com/maharishi-maheshbabu-paala-pitta/|access-date=2021-09-27|website=The Live Mirror|language=en-US}}</ref> All these singles were first released in lyrical version and later in the full video version.<ref>{{Cite news|title='Paala Pitta' from Vamshi Paidipally's 'Maharshi' to be released - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/paala-pitta-from-vamshi-paidipallys-maharshi-to-be-released/articleshow/69431258.cms|access-date=2021-09-27|website=The Times of India|date=21 May 2019 |language=en}}</ref> Lyrical version of two tracks in the extended soundtrack were released on 4 and 15 May 2019 (after the release of the soundtrack album).{{citation needed|date=November 2024}} Full video versions of all the tracks were released in June and July 2019, including the remaining one track.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-06|title=Choti Choti Baatein: Mahesh Babu and Pooja Hegde's song to be out today; details inside|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/choti-choti-baatein-mahesh-babu-and-pooja-hegdes-song-be-out-today-details-inside-449486|access-date=2021-09-27|website=PINKVILLA|language=en}}</ref> After the success of the soundtrack album, Devi Sri Prasad released a tribute video in June 2019, featuring the entire music production team.<ref>{{Cite web|last=TeamIH|date=2019-06-09|title=Rockstar Devi Sri Prasad Releases A Tribute Video of Epic Blockbuster 'Maharshi'|url=https://industryhit.com/t/rockstar-devi-sri-prasad-released-a-tribute-video-to-the-technicians-who-involved-in-composing-the-music-of-epic-blockbuster-maharshi/|access-date=2021-09-27|website=IndustryHit.Com|language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Marketing ===
Various music artistes of the soundtrack album, have performed the eight songs at the film's pre-release event held at People's Plaza, [[Necklace Road]], [[Hyderabad]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-26|title=Here are some details of Mahesh Babu starrer Maharshi pre-release event|url=https://zeenews.india.com/regional/here-are-some-details-of-mahesh-babu-starrer-maharshi-pre-release-event-2198732.html|access-date=2021-09-27|website=Zee News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Team|first=DNA Web|date=2019-05-01|title=Details about Mahesh Babu's massive pre-release event of 'Maharshi' for his fans REVEALED!|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-details-about-mahesh-babu-s-massive-pre-release-event-of-maharshi-for-his-fans-revealed-2744752|access-date=2021-09-27|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref>

== Track listing ==
{{track listing
| headline = Maharshi (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
| extra4 = [[Vedala Hemachandra]], [[Vishnupriya Ravi]]
| total_length = 31:38
| title1 = Padara Padara
| extra1 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
| length1 = 4:51
| title2 = Choti Choti Baatein
| extra2 = [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| length2 = 4:25
| title3 = Nuvve Samastham
| extra3 = [[Yazin Nizar]]
| length3 = 4:28
| length8 = 4:21
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| length4 = 3:16
| title5 = Phir Shuru
| extra5 = [[Benny Dayal]]
| length5 = 4:12
| title6 = Paala Pitta
| extra6 = [[Rahul Sipligunj]], [[M. M. Manasi]]
| length6 = 3:20
| all_writing =
| title7 = Idhe Kadha Nee Kadha–The Soul of Rishi
| length7 = 2:49
| title8 = Nuvvani Idhi Needani
| title4 = [[Everest Anchuna]]
| title9 =
| length15 =
| title16 =
| length10 =
| title11 =
| length11 =
| title12 =
| length12 =
| title13 =
| length13 =
| title14 =
| length14 =
| title15 =
| length9 =
| title10 =
| length16 =
| title17 =
| length17 =
| title18 =
| length18 =
| title19 =
| length19 =
| title20 =
| length20 =
| extra7 = [[Vijay Prakash]]
| extra8 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
| all_lyrics = [[Sri Mani]]
| note3 = Backing vocals: [[Ranina Reddy]], [[Surmukhi Raman]]
| note2 = Backing vocals: [[Ranina Reddy]], [[Surmukhi Raman]], Anitha, [[Roshini (singer)|Roshini]]
}}

== Reception ==
=== Critics ===
Neeshita Nyayapati of ''[[The Times of India]]'' praised the score of the film and wrote that "the OST of Maharshi is good for a one-time listen with most of the numbers sounding situational; they might work better when seen on-screen. The two duet numbers are mediocre, but lend some pep to the otherwise sombre album. It is only Nuvvu Samastham that manages to stand out, thanks to Yazin’s vocals."<ref>{{Cite news|title=Music Review: Maharshi - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/music-review-maharshi/articleshow/69270460.cms|access-date=2021-09-27|website=The Times of India|date=10 May 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

On reviewing the "Padara Padara" song, Vyas of ''[[The Hans India]]'' praised Mahadevan's vocals, Devi's music and the lyrics written by Sri Mani.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vyas|date=2019-04-24|title=Mahesh Babu's Maharshi Movie 'Padara Padara' song review|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/padara-padara-song-review-523751|access-date=2021-09-27|website=www.thehansindia.com|language=en}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Award{{efn|Awards, festivals and organizations are in alphabetical order.}}
!Date of ceremony{{efn|Date is linked to the article about the awards held that year, wherever possible.}}
!Category
!Recipient(s)
!Result
!{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
|[[National Film Awards]]
|[[67th National Film Awards|25 October 2021]]
|[[National Film Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]]
|[[Raju Sundaram]] – (for "[[Everest Anchuna]]")
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/67th-national-film-awards-mahesh-babus-maharshi-and-nanis-jersey-win-big-at-the-award-ceremony/photostory/87262120.cms|title=67th National Film Awards: Mahesh Babu's 'Maharshi' and Nani's 'Jersey' win big at the award ceremony|work=The Times of India |date=25 October 2021|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-03-22|title=67th National Film Awards: Complete list of winners|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/67th-national-film-awards-complete-list-updating/article34131921.ece|access-date=2021-03-22|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[South Indian International Movie Awards]]
| rowspan="3" |[[9th South Indian International Movie Awards|18 September 2021]]
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Music Director – Telugu|Best Music Director – Telugu]]
|{{sort|Prasad|[[Devi Sri Prasad]]}}
|{{won}}
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=The 9th South Indian International Movie Awards Nominations for 2019|url=https://siima.in/2019-nominations.php|access-date=2021-08-22|website=[[South Indian International Movie Awards]]}}</ref>
|-
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Lyricist – Telugu|Best Lyricist – Telugu]]
|{{sort|Mani|[[Sri Mani]]}} – (for "Idhe Kadha Nee Katha")
|{{won}}
|-
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Male Playback Singer – Telugu|Best Male Playback Singer – Telugu]]
|{{sort|Mahadevan|[[Shankar Mahadevan]]}} – (for "Padara Padara")
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Santosham Film Awards]]
|[[20th Santosham Film Awards|14 November 2021]]
|Best Female Playback Singer
|[[Vishnupriya Ravi]] for "[[Everest Anchuna]]"
|{{won}}
|}

== Album credits ==
Credits adapted from [[Aditya Music]]<ref name="youtube">{{Citation|title=Maharshi - Jukebox {{!}} Devi Sri Prasad| date=30 April 2019 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YLqUCNxg8HM|language=en|access-date=2021-09-27}}</ref>

=== Producer(s) ===
Devi Sri Prasad

=== Songwriter(s) ===

* Devi Sri Prasad (composer, arranger)
* Sri Mani (lyrics)

=== Performer(s) ===
Devi Sri Prasad, [[Shankar Mahadevan]], [[Yazin Nizar]], [[Vedala Hemachandra]], [[Vishnupriya Ravi]], [[Benny Dayal]], [[Rahul Sipligunj]], [[M. M. Manasi]], [[Vijay Prakash]], [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]

=== Musician(s) ===

* Guitars – Josh Mark Raj, Godfray Immanuval
* Keyboard – Vikas Badisa, Kalyan, K. P., Devi Sri Prasad, Chinna, Venkatesh, Ravi, Chaitu,
* Rhythm – Kalyan, Sundar
* [[Sarangi]] – Manonmani
* Accordion – Rajkumar
* Flute – Kiran Kumar
* Shehnai – Balesh
* Violin – Chennai Strings, Rithu Vysakh
* [[Viola]] – Rithu Vysakh
* Additional Rhythm – K. P.
* Backing vocals – [[Ranina Reddy]], [[Surmukhi Raman]], Anitha, [[Roshini (singer)|Roshini]]

=== Personnel ===

* Orchestra In-Charge – Murugan
* Album Co-ordinator – B. Manikandan
* Chorus conducted by – J Chittey Prakash Rao

=== Sound Engineers ===

* Brindavan–The Garden Of Music, Chennai – A. Uday Kumar
* Assistant Sound Engineer – Kutty Uday
* Assistant Sound Engineer – Suresh

=== Production ===

* Recorded by – A. Uday Kumar, T. Uday Kumar & Suresh Kumar Taddi
* Mixed by – A. Uday kumar
* Mastered by – A. Uday Kumar @ Brindavanam garden of music chennai
* Assisted by – Pugalendhi

== Notes ==
<references group="lower-alpha" />

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8333978/soundtrack ''Maharshi'' (soundtrack)] at [[IMDb]]

{{Devi Sri Prasad}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2019 soundtrack albums]]
[[Category:Devi Sri Prasad soundtracks]]
[[Category:Aditya Music soundtracks]]
[[Category:Telugu film soundtracks]]
[[Category:Action film soundtracks]]
[[Category:Drama film soundtracks]]

Daijiworld Media

2026-01-21T19:32:18Z

Smartkabadi: added references

{{short description|Indian media company}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{promotion|date=January 2026}}
{{sources needed|date=January 2026}}
{{tone|date=January 2026}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox website
| name = Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd
| logo = Daijiworld logo.jpg
| logo_size =
| company_type = Pvt. Ltd. Company
| foundation = {{Start date and age|2001|01|14|df=yes}}
| location = [[Mangalore]], India
| key_people =Walter Nandalike (Managing Director)
| industry = [[Electronic paper]], online news
| products = News & Information
| num_employees = 90 ml
| caption = Tomorrow's news today - Today's news now !
| website_type = [[web portal]]
| language = English
| registration = optional
| launch_date = {{Start date and age|2001|01|14|df=yes}}
| website = {{URL|www.daijiworld.com}}
}}

'''Daijiworld Media''' is an Indian company, headquartered in [[Mangalore]], that provides news services, including the [[web portal]], www.daijiworld.com.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/bishop-lauds-contribution-of-internet-to-information-age/article3237109.ece |title=Bishop lauds contribution of Internet to information age |date=8 January 2006 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=14 August 2018 |archive-date=1 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801141358/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/bishop-lauds-contribution-of-internet-to-information-age/article3237109.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> It was founded by Walter Nandalike, as www.daijidubai.com on 14 January 2001,<ref name="port">{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/05/26/stories/2005052614340300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050615073616/http://www.hindu.com/2005/05/26/stories/2005052614340300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 June 2005 |title=Mangalore–based portal among popular websites |access-date=10 November 2008 |date=26 May 2005 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> primarily with the objective of relaying news from the Coastal [[Konkan]] region of [[India]]. It was later renamed as www.daijiworld.com, and established as a media company in 2007.

Daijiworld runs Daijiworld 24x7 TV channel, which was launched on 9 May as test transmission, telecast from 16 June 2014 across coastal Karnataka through cable network and set-top boxes. The TV channel is also available on Internet and also in Android and IOS app formats.<ref>[https://archive.today/20120729085111/http://www.blonnet.com/2006/12/19/stories/2006121905742100.htm Internet TV for non-resident Mangaloreans] from ''[[The Hindu Business Line]]''</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121105164155/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2006/12/23/stories/2006122300770400.htm Internet TV] from ''[[The Hindu]]''</ref>

==History==
Daijiworld Media was a result of an [[April Fools' Day]] prank by Walter Nandalike, the now Editor-in-chief of the portal. He had migrated to the Gulf for employment, with no knowledge of computers. Having learnt about computers, he sent his first [[E-mail]] to his friends on 1 April 2000, mentioning that he was hosting a site on the Internet. This was just meant to be a joke, but his friends took him seriously and started enquiring about the site. Surprised by their curiosity, Walter started thinking seriously about the project. He learnt computers thoroughly, and eight months later, on 14 January 2001, launched ''www.daijidubai.com'', primarily with the objective of hosting information and news pertaining to [[Konkani language]] and society. The portal is now known as ''www.daijiworld.com''<ref name="hin">M. Raghuram (14 January 2006). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20110612151922/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2006/01/14/stories/2006011402840100.htm Weaving web links]". ''[[The Hindu]]''. Retrieved 18 December 2009</ref> ''Daiji'' in Konkani means "relation", and the portal was started by Walter and a group of writers of the Daiji Dubai Writers Forum with a view to promote and spread awareness of culture and tradition.<ref name="por">{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/03/28/stories/2004032811230300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040422045851/http://www.hindu.com/2004/03/28/stories/2004032811230300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 April 2004 |title=Keeping track of events back home made easy |access-date=10 November 2008 |date=28 March 2004 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-03-28/bangalore/28345798_1_web-portal-mangaloreans-castes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024025237/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-03-28/bangalore/28345798_1_web-portal-mangaloreans-castes |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 October 2012 |title=Uniting Mangloreans on the Net |access-date=10 November 2008 |date=28 March 2004 |last=Pinto |first=Stanly |work=[[The Times of India]] |publisher=[[The Times Group]]}}</ref>

In March 2007, it established itself as a media company under the banner of "Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd". In order to cater to the increasing demand for news from India by the NRIs, an exclusive office was opened in [[Kankanady]], [[Mangalore]] with 40 correspondents spread across the twin districts of [[Dakshina Kannada]] and [[Udupi district|Udupi]]. On 18 July 2008, Daijiworld took a step further and inaugurated its Udupi office.

In May 2014, Daijiworld moved to its own corporate office at Bondel, [[Mangalore]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=233772 |title=Mangalore: Daijiworld corporate office inaugurated, Colaco launches Daijiworld24x7 TV channel |website=daijiworld.com |access-date=5 October 2021 |archive-date=5 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005061830/https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=233772 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category-inline}}
* {{Official website|http://www.daijiworld.com}}

[[Category:Mass media companies of India]]
[[Category:Online companies of India]]
[[Category:Mass media in Mangalore]]
[[Category:Internet properties established in 2001]]

Khangembam Mangi Singh

2026-01-20T06:56:53Z

Smartkabadi: new initial bio nd citations

{{Short description|Indian musician (1927–2022)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Khangembam Mangi Singh
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1927|11|08}}
| birth_place = Lambal, [[Imphal]], Manipur, India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2022|06|15|1927|11|08}}
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = Pena musician
| yearsactive = 1938–2022
| spouse = Yengkhom Mema
| domesticpartner =
| children = Two children
| parents = Khangembam Tomei
| website = {{URL||Official web site}}
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] Manipuri Sahitya Parishad Shanman LEIKOL Basanta Bimala Award Manipur State Kala Akademy Award Manipuri Sahitya Parishad Sangeet Bhushan Sana Leikham Pena Shanglakpa
}}
{{quotebox|align = left|width=10em|''The Pena or Tingteila is a bowed [[lute]]. It is the oldest instrument known to the [[Meiteis]]. It is used in folk music as well as an accompaniment to [[Manipuri dance|Manipuri]] dances.''<ref name="Pena">{{cite web | url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/traditional-indigenous-musical-instrument-pena-being-revived-manipur-071751548.html | title=Pena | publisher=Yahoo news | date=2014 | access-date=18 November 2014}}</ref>}}
'''Khangembam Mangi Singh''' (8 November 1927 – 15 June 2022), popularly known as '''Guru Pena Mangi''', was an Indian musician, known for his expertise on the [[Manipur]]i traditional musical instrument [[Pena (musical instrument)|Pena]].<ref name="Award citation">{{cite web | url=http://www.e-pao.net/epGallery.asp?id=1&src=Arts_Dances/Manipuri_Dance_Gallery/MangiPena201102 | title=Award citation | publisher=E Pao | date=2014 | access-date=18 November 2014}}</ref> The Government of India honored him in 2011, with the fourth highest civilian award of [[Padma Shri]].<ref name="Padma Shri">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Shri |publisher=Padma Shri |date=2014 |access-date=11 November 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref>

==Biography==
[[File:"PENA" a musical instrument.jpg|240px|thumb|"PENA" a musical instrument]]
Khangembam Mangi Singh was born on 8 November 1927<ref name="Sify">{{Cite web |date=5 March 2011 |title=Pena exponent Mangi Singh, Manipur's rising star |url=http://www.sify.com/news/pena-exponent-mangi-singh-manipur-s-rising-star-news-national-ldfsaegfggisi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111064656/http://www.sify.com/news/pena-exponent-mangi-singh-manipur-s-rising-star-news-national-ldfsaegfggisi.html |archive-date=2015-01-11 |access-date=18 November 2014 |website=[[Sify]] |agency=[[Asian News International|ANI]]}}</ref> in a family with meagre financial resources in a small hamlet in the [[Manipur]]i capital Imphal west known as Lambal, in India to locally know Pena musician, Khangembam Tomei, as one of his eight children.<ref name="Imphal Free Press">{{cite web | url=http://ifp.co.in/page/items/20276/20276-pena-maestro-guru-mangi | title=Imphal Free Press | publisher=Imphal Free Press | work=News Report | date=29 March 2014 | access-date=18 November 2014 | author=Jimmy Leivon}}</ref> He started learning Pena at a young age from his father as well as musicians such as Moirangthem Modu of Lairenkabi, Phamdom Sanajao of Tera Urak, Thangjam Toyai, Tokpam Papu, Khumukcham Kanhai, Yumnam Kanhai and Thokchom Tolomu. His father left the family when the young Khangembam was only eleven<ref name="Sify" /><ref name="Manipur Online">{{cite web | url=http://manipuronline.com/headlines/pena-exponent-mangi-singh-manipurs-rising-star/2011/03/06 | title=Manipur Online | publisher=Manipur Online | date=6 March 2011 | access-date=18 November 2014 | archive-date=2 December 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202110917/http://manipuronline.com/headlines/pena-exponent-mangi-singh-manipurs-rising-star/2011/03/06 | url-status=dead }}</ref> and he had no resources to pursue formal education. Instead Khangembam utilised his skills in Pena music for eking out a living for his family, and had an opportunity to perform in front of King Budhachandra, the King of Manipur.<ref name="Imphal Free Press" /> He also worked as a bullock cart transporter apart from performing the Pena recitations.

In 1975, Mangi Singh joined Jawaharlal Nehru Manipur Dance Academy, then known as Dance College, as a Pena performer and worked there till his retirement in 1996 as the Guru of [[Lai Haraoba]].<ref name="Sify" /> He hold the positions of Sana Leikham Pena Shanglakpa at the Manipur Pandit Loishang and Guru of Laihui where he taught Pena.<ref name="Imphal Free Press" /><ref name="Sify" /><ref name="Manipur Online" />

Khangembam Mangi Singh was married to Yengkhom Mema and the couple has two children. The family lived at Lourung Purel Leikai in West Imphal.<ref name="Imphal Free Press" /> He died on 15 June 2022, at the age of 94.<ref>{{cite news |title=Eminent Pena Guru Khangembam Mangi condoled |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2022/6/16/IMPHAL-Jun-16The-employees-of-Manipur-State-Kala-Akademi-condoled-the-demise-of-eminent-Pena-Guru.html |access-date=11 October 2023 |publisher=The Sangai Express |date=16 June 2022}}</ref>

==Legacy and recognitions==
Mangi Singh was the founder member of Laihui,<ref name="Laihui">{{cite web | url=http://laihui.org/ | title=Laihui | publisher=Laihui | date=2014 | access-date=18 November 2014}}</ref> a centre for research on traditional and indigenous performing arts started in 1985.<ref name="Imphal Free Press" /> He has performed in many places across the world such as Mexico, Washington, London, Berlin, France and Asian countries and has participated in traditional manipuri plays and festivals.<ref name="Sify" /><ref name="Manipur Online" /> He has also presented papers and has held demonstrations on Lai haraoba and Pena at various seminars and workshops.<ref name="Imphal Free Press" />

Mangi Singh, the first Pena player to be honoured with the [[Padma Shri]]<ref name="Sify" /><ref name="Manipur Online" /> which he received in 2011, has won many awards such as the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] (2006), Manipuri Sahitya Parishad Shanman (2010), LEIKOL Basanta Bimala Award (2008), Manipur State Kala Akademy Award (2005), Manipuri Sahitya Parishad Sangeet Bhushan (2004) and Sana Leikham Pena Shanglakpa (2002) from the Manipur Pandit Loishang.<ref name="Imphal Free Press" />

==See also==
* [[Music of Manipur]]
{{portal|India|Music}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I_h6I811nbg | title=Oja Mangi, Pena Guru of Manipur Music | publisher=YouTube | work=Video | date=23 March 2014 | access-date=18 November 2014}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Khangembam Mangi}}
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:2022 deaths]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian musicians]]
[[Category:Musicians from Manipur]]
[[Category:People from Imphal West district]]
[[Category:Indian male musicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male musicians]]

Bandel–Katwa line

2026-01-08T02:11:23Z

Smartkabadi: stub - done

{{Short description|Railway Route in West Bengal, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox rail line
| box_width = 28em
| name = [[File:Indian Railways Suburban Railway Logo.svg|30px|link=Bandel–Katwa Line]] Bandel–Katwa Line
| color = 800000
| logo =
| logo_width =
| image = EMU at Bandel.jpg
| image_width =
| caption = A Howrah-bound EMU train leaving Bandel Jn.
| type = Double electrified track
| system = Electrified
| status = Operational
| locale = [[Hooghly district]], [[Purba Bardhaman district]] and [[Nadia district]]
| start = {{rws|Bandel Junction}}
| end = {{rws|Katwa}}
| stations = 28
| routes = {{rws|Bandel Junction||Bandel}}– {{rws|Ambika Kalna}} – {{rws|Nabadwip Dham}} – {{rws|Katwa}}
| daily_ridership =
| open = {{start date and age|1913}}
| close =
| owner = [[Eastern Railway zone|Eastern Railway]] of [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Eastern Railway zone|Eastern railway]]
| character =
| depot = * Bandel Jn.
* Katwa Jn.
| stock = * Local train 19
* Passenger train 1
* Express train 13
* Total 33
| linelength = {{convert|104|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
| tracklength =
| tracks = 2
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1676mm}} [[broad gauge]]
| old_gauge =
| minradius =
| racksystem =
| electrification = 1994-1996
| speed = Max 100 kmph
| elevation = Avg 14 m
| website =
| map = {{Bandel–Katwa line|inline=1|collapse=no}}
| map_state =
}}

The '''Bandel–Katwa line''' is a {{Convert|104|km|mi}} long railway line connecting [[Bandel Junction railway station|Bandel]] in [[Hooghly district]] and [[Katwa Junction railway station|Katwa]] in [[Purba Bardhaman district]] of [[West Bengal]], [[India]]. It is a major route for North bound trains from [[Howrah railway station|Howrah]] and forms a part of the [[Kolkata Suburban Railway]] system.

== History ==
In 1913, the Hooghly–Katwa Railway constructed a line from [[Bandel Junction railway station|Bandel]] to [[Katwa Junction railway station|Katwa]]. This was further extended by the Barharwa-Azimganj-Katwa railway to [[Barharwa]] on the [[Sahibganj loop]] line.<ref>{{Cite web|title="Murshidabad" by L. S. S. O'Malley, I.C.S., in the Bengal District Gazetteers series, Bengal Secretariat Book Depot, Calcutta,1914. Pages 150,151| year=1914 | publisher=Calcutta Bengal Secretariat Book Depôt |url=https://archive.org/details/murshidabadbylss00omaluoft/page/150/mode/2up?view=theater}}</ref> The [[Burdwan Katwa Railway]] was constructed by [[McLeod's Light Railways]] in 1915.<ref>{{Cite web|title=" Administration Report on the Railways in India – corrected up to 31st March 1918"; Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta; page 220|url=https://archive.org/stream/BombayBarodaAndCentralIndiaRailwaySystem/Bombay_Baroda_And_Central_India_Railway_System#page/n228/mode/2up|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605201216/https://archive.org/stream/BombayBarodaAndCentralIndiaRailwaySystem/Bombay_Baroda_And_Central_India_Railway_System |archive-date=5 June 2016 }}</ref>

A project 22 km in length, Nabadwip Dham–Patuli DL Railway Line is under construction. 170 Crore has been sanctioned by the Government of India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pppinindia.gov.in/infrastructureindia/web/guest/view-project?p_p_id=viewproject_WAR_Projectportlet&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_col_id=column-1&p_p_col_count=1&_viewproject_WAR_Projectportlet_jspPage=%2Fhtml%2Fviewproject%2Fview.jsp&_viewproject_WAR_Projectportlet_ppp=Government+Infrastructure+Projects+%28Traditional+Procurement%29&_viewproject_WAR_Projectportlet_projectId=13825&_viewproject_WAR_Projectportlet_currURL=%2Finfrastructureindia%2Fproject-list%3Fp_p_id%3Dprojectlist_WAR_Projectportlet%26p_p_lifecycle%3D0%26p_p_state%3Dnormal%26p_p_mode%3Dview%26p_p_col_id%3Dcolumn-1%26p_p_col_count%3D1%26_projectlist_WAR_Projectportlet_jspPage%3D%252Fhtml%252Fprojectlist%252Fview.jsp%26_projectlist_WAR_Projectportlet_searchName%3D%26_projectlist_WAR_Projectportlet_searchType%3DSub%2BSector%26_projectlist_WAR_Projectportlet_id%3D46%26_projectlist_WAR_Projectportlet_projectTypeeids%3D%26_projectlist_WAR_Projectportlet_authorityName%3D%26_projectlist_WAR_Projectportlet_isShowAllTerminatedProjects%3Dtrue%26_projectlist_WAR_Projectportlet_delta%3D10%26_projectlist_WAR_Projectportlet_keywords%3D%26_projectlist_WAR_Projectportlet_advancedSearch%3Dfalse%26_projectlist_WAR_Projectportlet_andOperator%3Dtrue%26_projectlist_WAR_Projectportlet_orderByCol%3DprojectCapacityValue%26_projectlist_WAR_Projectportlet_orderByType%3Dasc%26_projectlist_WAR_Projectportlet_resetCur%3Dfalse%26_projectlist_WAR_Projectportlet_cur%3D18|title=Nabadwip Dham-Patuli DL Railway Line|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=February 26, 2018}}</ref> The track was doubled in 2014–15.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://er.indianrailways.gov.in/cris//uploads/files/1425364489081-Brief%20Status%20of%20Projects-Feb-15.pdf|title=BRIEF STATUS OF SECTIONS PLANNED FOR COMMISSIONING|access-date=May 5, 2019}}</ref>

== Electrification ==
This line was electrified in 1994–96 with 25 kV overhead line.<ref>{{Cite web|title=STATEMENT OF RECENTLY COMPLETED WORKS|url=http://www.picasona.com/listofcompleatedwork.pdf|access-date=April 24, 2019}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Railways in Eastern India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bandel-Katwa line}}
[[Category:5 ft 6 in gauge railways in India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Transport in Purba Bardhaman district]]

Parineeta Borthakur

2026-01-08T00:40:14Z

Smartkabadi: Created Basic Data Needs Work

{{Short description|Indian actress and singer (born 1985)}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Parineeta Borthakur
| image = Parineeta Borthakur.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1985|2|21}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Parineeta-Borthakur | title=Parineeta Borthakur: Movies, Photos, Videos, News, Biography & Birthday | Times of India | website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Duliajan]], [[Assam]], India
| years_active = 2001–present
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|singer|model}}
| children = 1<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/parineeta-borthakur-enjoys-teaching-christmas-carols-to-her-son/articleshow/79939876.cms|title=Parineeta Borthakur enjoys teaching Christmas carols to her son|website=[[Times Of India]]|access-date=26 December 2024}}</ref>
| spouse = {{marriage|Gautam Chakrabortty|2011}}
| known for = {{hlist|''[[Bepannah]]''|''[[Gupta Brothers]]''| ''[[Swaragini]]''}}
}}

'''Parineeta Borthakur''' is an Indian film and television actress and singer from [[Assam]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/parineeta-borthakur-is-missing-her-hometown-assam/articleshow/79407071.cms|title=Parineeta Borthakur is missing her hometown Assam|website=[[Times Of India]]|date=25 November 2020|access-date=8 March 2021}}</ref> She is known for playing Sharmishta Bose in ''[[Swaragini - Jodein Rishton Ke Sur|Swaragini]]'', Anjana Hooda in ''[[Bepannah]]'' and Ganga Shiv Gupta in ''[[Gupta Brothers]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/parineeta-borthakur-i-enjoy-playing-romantic-roles/articleshow/79641864.cms|title=Parineeta Borthakur : I enjoy playing romantic roles|website=[[Times Of India]]|date=9 December 2020|access-date=8 March 2021}}</ref> Her younger sister [[Plabita Borthakur]] is also a singer and actress.

== Career ==
Borthakur made her film debut with the [[Assamese language|Assamese]] film ''[[Nayak (2001 Assamese film)|Nayak]]''. Her first appearance on TV was in ''[[Pritam Pyare Aur Woh]]'' on [[SAB TV]] as Gogi. She also featured in Bollywood movies like ''[[Force (2011 film)|Force]]'', ''[[Chalo Dilli]]'' and ''[[Kurbaan (2009 film)|Kurbaan]]''. In 2015, she played the role of Sharmishta Bose in [[Colors TV]]'s ''[[Swaragini]]''. In 2017, she was seen in [[Zee TV]]'s ''[[Ek Tha Raja Ek Thi Rani]]'' as Vasundhra Suryavanshi. In same year she starred in Assamese movie ''[[Gaane Ki Aane]]'' alongside [[Zubeen Garg]].In 2018, she portrayed Anjana Hooda in [[Colors TV]]'s ''[[Bepannah|Bepannaah]]''.{{Citation needed|date=November 2024}}

In January 2020, she launched India's first vegan and paraben free highly pigmented lip plumpers, under the cosmetic brand- Nyor.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/TV/News/Hindi/Parinita-Borthakur-Not-open-to-reality-shows-like-Bigg-Boss/articleshow/46431716.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528144457/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/TV/News/Hindi/Parinita-Borthakur-Not-open-to-reality-shows-like-Bigg-Boss/articleshow/46431716.cms|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 May 2015|title=Parinita Borthakur: Not open to reality shows like 'Bigg Boss'|website=[[Times of India]]|access-date=22 April 2024}}</ref>

She was last seen as the Main Female Lead, Ganga Shiv Gupta, in [[Star Bharat]]'s ''[[Gupta Brothers]]'' <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/low-trps-is-not-the-reason-for-gupta-brothers-going-off-air-parineeta-borthakur/articleshow/80367722.cms|title=Low TRPs is not the reason for 'Gupta Brothers' going off air: Parineeta Borthakur|date=20 January 2021|access-date=8 March 2021}}</ref> opposite [[Hiten Tejwani]].

==Filmography==

===Films===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Role
! Director
! Language
|-
| 2001
|''[[Nayak (2001 Assamese film)|Nayak]]''
| Jonali
| rowspan="2"|[[Munin Barua]]
| rowspan="3"|[[Assamese language|Assamese]]
|-
| 2004
|''Barood''
|
|-
| 2005
|''Borolar Sansar''
|
| {{unknown}}
|-
| 2008
|''[[Saas Bahu Aur Sensex]]''
|
| Shona Urvashi
| rowspan="2"|[[Hindi]]
|-
| rowspan="2"|2009
|''[[Kurbaan (2009 film)|Kurbaan]]''
| Professor Vaishali
| [[Rensil D'Silva]]
|-
|''[[Jeevan Baator Logori]]''
|
| Timothy Das Hanche
|Assamese
|-
| rowspan="3"|2011
|''[[Force (2011 film)|Force]]''
| Maya's sister
| Nishikanth Kamath
| rowspan="2"|Hindi
|-
|''[[Chalo Dilli]]''
|
| Shashant Shah
|-
| ''[[Poley Poley Urey Mon]]''
| Pallavi
| Timothy Das Hanche
| rowspan="3" |Assamese
|-
| 2016
|''[[Gaane Ki Aane]]''
| Madhumita
| rowspan="2" | Rajesh Jashpal
|-
| 2018
|''[[The Underworld (film)|The Underworld]]''
|
|-
| 2024
|''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3 First Reviews: Kartik Aaryan Impresses, Vidya Balan Shines, But Original Charm Falls Short |url=https://www.brutimes.com/news/entertainment/bhool-bhulaiyaa-3-first-reviews-kartik-aaryan-impresses-vidya-balan-shines-but-original-charm-falls-short |website=Bru Times News|language=en}}</ref>
| Arjun's mother
| [[Anees Bazmee]]
| Hindi
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable"| Notes
! class="unsortable"| Ref.
|-
| 2004
|''[[Lavanya (TV series)|Lavanya]]''
| Gauri
|
|
|-
| 2006
|''[[Mamta (TV series)|Mamta]]''
| Anamika
|
|
|-
| 2009
|''[[Kashmakash Zindagi Ki]]''
| Pratima
|
|
|-
| 2009
|''[[Monica Mogre – Case Files]]''
| Monisha
|
|
|-
| 2013
|''[[Savdhaan India]]''
| Radha Rani
|
|
|-
| 2014
|''[[Pritam Pyare Aur Woh]]''
| Gogi
|
|
|-
| 2015–2016
|''[[Swaragini – Jodein Rishton Ke Sur]]''
| Sharmishtha Bose Gadodia
|
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/swaragini-actress-parineeta-borthakur-reveals-she-enjoys-playing-bengali-characters-on-screen-1361798 |title=Swaragini actress Parineeta Borthakur reveals she enjoys playing Bengali characters on-screen |work=ABP Live |access-date=21 September 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 2017
|''[[Ek Tha Raja Ek Thi Rani]]''
| Vasundhra Suryavanshi
|
|
|-
| 2018
|''[[Bepannah]]''
| Anjana Hooda
|
|
|-
| 2020–2021
|''[[Gupta Brothers]]''
| Ganga Gupta
|
|<ref>{{cite web|date=20 September 2020|title=Gupta Brothers: Chaar Kunware From Ganga Kinare is Star Bharat's latest offering|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/gupta-brothers-chaar-kunware-from-ganga-kinare-is-star-bharats-latest-offering-143884|access-date=25 January 2021|website=The Tribune|archive-date=10 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110124425/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/gupta-brothers-chaar-kunware-from-ganga-kinare-is-star-bharats-latest-offering-143884|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Spy Bahu]]''
| Veera Nanda
|
|
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Pyar Ka Pehla Naam: Radha Mohan]]''
| Gargi Sharma / Mandira Kashyap
| Special appearance
|
|-
| 2023–2024
| ''[[Pyar Ka Pehla Adhyaya: Shiv Shakti]]''
| Mandira Kashyap
|
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-parineeta-borthakur-thanks-fans-as-pyaar-ka-pehla-adhyaya-shiv-shakti-completes-300-episodes/articleshow/109927421.cms |title=Parineeta Borthakur thanks fans as Pyaar Ka Pehla Adhyaya: Shiv Shakti completes 300 episodes |work=Times of India |access-date=11 November 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 2024–2025
| ''[[Durga – Atoot Prem Kahani]]''
| Aarati Singh Rathore
|
|
|-
|2025-present
| ''[[Vasudha (2024 TV series)|Vasudha]]''
| Chandrika Singh Chauhan
|
|
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|nm9506063}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Borthakur, Parineeta}}
[[Category:1985 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Assamese-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Hindi-language playback singers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:Indian pop singers]]
[[Category:Indian women playback singers]]
[[Category:Indian women pop singers]]
[[Category:Indian women singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Indian singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Actresses from Assam]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Singers from Assam]]
[[Category:People from Dibrugarh district]]
[[Category:Actresses in Assamese cinema]]

Rajasthan Gramin Bank

2025-12-27T06:15:02Z

Smartkabadi: Created The Data Added Tags

{{refimprove|date=August 2025}}
{{Short description|Regional Rural Bank in Rajasthan, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Rajasthan Gramin Bank
| logo = Rgb logo.png
| logo_size =
| caption =
| native_name = '''राजस्थान ग्रामीण बैंक'''
| native_name_lang = hi
| image =
| type = [[Regional Rural Bank]]
| traded_as =
| predecessor = Baroda Rajasthan Kshetriya Gramin Bank
Rajasthan Marudhara Gramin Bank
| successor =
| foundation = {{Start date and age|2025|05|01}}
| founder =
| defunct = 
| hq_location = [[Jaipur]] [[Rajasthan]]
| location_city =
| location_country = [[India]]
| area_served = [[Rajasthan]]
| key_people = '''Shri Mukesh Bhartia''' (Chairman)
| industry = [[Financial]] [[Regional Rural Bank]]s
| products = {{ubl|[[Retail banking]]|[[Corporate banking]]|[[Mortgage loan]]s| [[Private banking]]|[[Insurance]] }}
| production =
| services = {{Unbulleted list|[[Financial services]]|[[Banking]]}}
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| aum = 
| assets =
| equity =
| owner = [[Government of India]] (50%)
[[Government of Rajasthan]] (15%)
[[State Bank of India]] (35%)
| num_locations = 1596 Branches
| num_employees =
| parent = [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]], [[Government of India]]
| divisions =
| subsid =
| homepage = {{ubl|{{URL|https://rgb.bank.in/}}|{{URL|https://inb.rgb.bank.in/}}}}
| footnotes =
}}

The ''' Rajasthan Gramin Bank (RGB) '''<ref>{{cite web |date= 1 May 2025 |title=
राजस्थान में एक नए ग्रामीण बैंक का हुआ गठन, आदेश जारी 1 May 2025 |url=https://www.patrika.com/jodhpur-news/rajasthan-a-new-gramin-bank-formed-order-issued-rajasthan-gramin-bank-chairman-mukesh-bhartiya-19567112 |access-date=18 August 2025 |website=Patrika News}}</ref> is an Indian [[Regional Rural Bank]] (RRB) in [[Rajasthan]] established on 1 May 2025.<ref>Govt of India Notification CG-DL-E-07042025-262329 dated 07 April 2025 issued by the Department of Financial Services</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.business-standard.com/amp/industry/banking/govt-announces-one-state-one-rrb-implementation-from-may-1-2025-125040800039_1.html | title=Govt announces 'One State, One RRB' implementation from May 1, 2025 }}</ref> The bank was formed by the amalgamation of Baroda Rajasthan Kshetriya Gramin Bank and Rajasthan Marudhara Gramin Bank under The "One State, One RRB"<ref>{{cite web | author1=Livemint | title='One state-one RRB' to be effective from May 1 after govt approves consolidation of 15 regional rural banks | Mint | work=mint | date=8 April 2025 | url=https://www.livemint.com/economy/one-state-one-rrb-to-be-effective-from-may-1-after-govt-approves-consolidation-of-15-regional-rural-banks-11744118507326.html }}</ref> policy of government. It currently has 1596 branches in [[Rajasthan]].

It functions under Regional Rural Banks' Act 1976 and is sponsored by [[State Bank of India]].

== History ==
=== Baroda Rajasthan Kshetriya Gramin Bank ===
'''Baroda Rajasthan Kshetriya Gramin Bank (BRKGB)''', sponsored by [[Bank of Baroda]], was established by Government of India In exercise of the powers conferred by sub section (1) of section 23A of the Regional Rural Bank Act 1976 (21 of 1976) by issuing Gazette Notification No. F No. 719/2011-RRB dated 01-01-2013, by amalgamating 3 Regional Rural Banks viz. Baroda Rajasthan Gramin Bank Sponsored by [[Bank of Baroda]], Hadoti Gramin Bank Sponsored by [[Central Bank of India]] and Rajasthan Gramin Bank, Sponsored by [[Punjab National Bank]]. The Head Office of the Bank is at [[Ajmer]] and it had 12 Regional Offices.

=== Rajasthan Marudhara Gramin Bank ===
'''Rajasthan Marudhara Gramin bank (RMGB)''' was established on April 1, 2014 and headquartered at [[Jodhpur]]. The bank was formed by the amalgamation of Marudhara Gramin Bank and Mewar Aanchalik Gramin Bank on 1st April 2014 and a new banking establishment was created known as the Rajasthan Marudhara Gramin Bank under sponsorship of [[State Bank of Bikaner and Jaipur]] (now [[State Bank of India]])

== Logo ==
[[File:RRB LOGO new.png|thumb|295x295px|RRB logo used since August 1, 2025]]
The identity boasts symmetry, stability and craftsmanship.

Key elements include

*'''''Upward Arrow''''', symbolizing Progress and Growth
*'''''Hands''''', embodying Nurturing and Care
*'''''Flame''''', symbolizing enlightentment and warmth

The Regional Rural Bank logo selection process involved a public poll conducted by [[NABARD]] in June 2025 to choose a new, common logo for the amalgamated [[Regional Rural Bank]]s in India, the initiative aimed at creating a unified brand identity for rural banking after the amalgamation of several RRBs. the poll allowed participants to vote on six logo concepts and nine design variations. The initiative was called '''''OneRRBOneLogo''''' reflecting the vision of having a single identity for the RRBs.

== See also ==
{{Portal|Banks}}
* [[List of banks in India]]
* [[Regional rural bank]]
* [[Public sector banks in India]]
* [[Banking in India]]
* [[Reserve Bank of India]]
* [[Indian Financial System Code]]
* [[Make in India]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://rgb.bank.in/ Official site]
*[https://inb.rgb.bank.in/ net banking]

{{Banking in India}}

[[Category:Banks established in 2025]]
[[Category:Regional rural banks of India]]
[[Category:Companies based in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2025]]
[[Category:Jaipur]]
[[Category:State Bank of India]]
[[Category:Economy of Rajasthan]]

Teerthanker Mahaveer University

2025-12-09T11:15:44Z

Smartkabadi:

{{Short description|Private University in Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Teerthanker Mahaveer University
| image = SE College Engg TMU Moradabad Apr25 A7CR 05554.jpg
| caption = College of Engineering, TMU
| motto = Right Philosophy, Right Knowledge, Right Conduct.
| established = 2008
| type = ''Jain Minority Private University''
| chancellor = Suresh Jain<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nashik/Towering-idol-draws-thousands-to-Mangi-Tungi/articleshow/51052945.cms | title=Towering idol draws thousands to Mangi Tungi | work=[[The Times of India]] | author=Chaitanya Deshpande | date=19 February 2016 | accessdate=20 July 2016}}</ref>
| vice_chancellor = Dr. V. K. Jain
| city = [[Moradabad]]
| state = Uttar Pradesh
| country = India
| campus_size = {{Convert|130|acre}}
| website = {{URL|https://www.tmu.ac.in}}
}}
'''Teerthanker Mahaveer University''' also known as '''TMU''' is a private university in [[Moradabad | Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India]], established in 2008.

== History ==
TMU was established in 2008 by the Government of Uttar Pradesh Act No.30 and approved by the University Grants Commission (UGC) under Section 2 (f) and 12 (B) of the UGC Act, 1956.<ref name="Week2021"/>

[[File:Signboard TMU Moradabad UP Apr25 A7CR 05564.jpg|thumb|left|Flowering trees in early summer]]
[[File:East Clock Tower TMU Apr25 A7CR 05560.jpg|thumb|Clock tower]]
Spread over 130+ acres TMU has a well-equipped [[campus]] with 15 on-campus academic units, including colleges, departments and centres, that include an 800+ bed [[super specialty hospital]], indoor and outdoor [[stadium]], [[gym]]nasium, auditorium, and hostels.<ref name="Outlook23">{{cite web | title=Teerthanker Mahaveer University secures 45th rank for Infrastructure in all of India| website=Business Standard| date=31 October 2023 | url=https://www.business-standard.com/content/press-releases-ani/teerthanker-mahaveer-university-secures-45th-rank-for-infrastructure-in-all-of-india-123103100776_1.html| language=english| access-date=25 December 2024}}</ref>

== Academics ==
{{Expand section|date=April 2025}}
TMU offers career-oriented programmes at all levels, i.e., UG, PG, and doctoral degrees across diverse streams.<ref name="Week2021">{{cite web | url=https://www.theweek.in/news/biz-tech/2021/04/08/TMU-Moradabad-Chancellor-Suresh-Jain-We-only-offer-courses-that-can-build-a-students-character-and-future.html | title=TMU Moradabad Chancellor Suresh Jain: We only offer courses that can build a student's character and future | publisher=The Week | date=8 April 2021 | accessdate=30 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="The Times of India 2021 j126">{{cite web | title=Around 8,000 degrees awarded to students at TMU in Moradabad | website=The Times of India | date=2 August 2021 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bareilly/around-8000-degrees-awarded-to-students-at-tmu-in-moradabad/articleshow/84963267.cms | access-date=17 April 2024}}</ref>

== Rankings ==
In 2023, TMU was ranked 45th among the top 50 Universities in [[India]] in a survey by [[Outlook (Indian magazine)]]. TMU has received accreditation from [[ASSOCHAM]], NAAC and ICAR among others in recent years.<ref name="Outlook23"/><ref name="Week2021"/>

==Notable alumni==
*[[Pinki Singh Yadav]], (Member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative assembly)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Universities in Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Coord|28.8247|78.6581|type:edu_region:IN-UP|display=title}}

[[Category:Jain universities and colleges]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2008]]
[[Category:Private universities in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Education in Moradabad]]
[[Category:Agricultural universities and colleges in Uttar Pradesh]]

Debi Prasad Mishra

2025-11-30T14:21:41Z

Smartkabadi: new new stub

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Kendrapara Assembly constituency|Kendrapara]]
| term_start = 1995
| term_end = 2024
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = Rajasaheb Trilochan Mansing Harichandan
| party = [[Biju Janata Dal]]
| image = Debiprasad_Mishra.jpg
}}

'''Debi Prasad Mishra''' is an Indian politician from Odisha. He was a six time elected [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Member of the Odisha Legislative Assembly]] from [[1995 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1995]],<ref>[https://hindi.eci.gov.in/files/file/3627-%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF-%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE-1995/?do=download&r=8503&confirm=1&t=1&csrfKey=6c8951246dabae9221a4c90405f825c6 "List of winning candidates from Odisha 1995 legislative election"] ''Election Commission of India''</ref> representing [[Kendrapara Assembly constituency]] as a Member of the [[Janata Dal]] and from [[2000 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2000]],<ref>[https://hindi.eci.gov.in/files/file/3628-%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF-%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE-2000/?do=download&r=8505&confirm=1&t=1&csrfKey=3adedc5e082b12b2995f256d67a80e55 "2000 Odisha legislative election results"] ''Election Commission of India''</ref> [[2004 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2004]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Winners:Orissa 2004 Election |url=https://myneta.info/orissa2004/index.php?action=show_winners&sort=default |access-date=2024-10-13 |website=myneta.info}}</ref> [[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009]], [[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014]], and [[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019]] representing the same constituency as a member of [[Biju Janata Dal]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Baramba Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights: Assembly Winner, Loser, Leading, Trailing, MLA, Margin |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/baramba-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-assembly-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8916976.html |access-date=2024-10-13 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Baramba Lok Sabha Election 2024 Live: Get Baramba Lok Sabha Election Results and Candidate List |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/odisha-assembly-election/baramba-constituency/ |access-date=2024-10-13 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[1995 Odisha Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mishra, Debi Prasad}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Orissa MLAs 1995–2000]]
[[Category:Orissa MLAs 2000–2004]]
[[Category:Orissa MLAs 2004–2009]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Biju Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Odisha-BJD-politician-stub}}

National Beach Soccer Championship

2025-11-28T12:30:43Z

Smartkabadi:

{{Short description|Association football tournament in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox football tournament
| name = National Beach Soccer Championship
| image = National Beach Soccer Championship.png
| imagesize =
| alt =
| caption =
| organiser = [[All India Football Federation]]
| title =
| founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2023}}
| abolished =
| region = India
| number of teams = 19
| qualifier for =
| related comps =
| domestic cup =
| confed cup =
| reigning champions =
| most successful club = Kerala (1 title)
| broadcasters =
| motto =
| website = {{URL|https://www.the-aiff.com/}}
| current =
}}

The '''National Beach Soccer Championship''' is an annual [[Beach soccer]] tournament in India, contested by the [[List of Indian state football associations|state associations]] under the [[All India Football Federation]] (AIFF), the sport's governing body in India.<ref name="AIFF1">{{Cite web|title=Twenty teams to participate in maiden Hero National Beach Soccer Championship|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/twenty-teams-to-participate-in-maiden-hero-national-beach-soccer-championship|access-date=2023-01-02|work=AIFF}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=AIFF announces fixtures for inaugural National Beach Soccer Championship|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/football/aiff-announces-fixtures-for-inaugural-national-beach-soccer-championship20230103100547/|access-date=2023-01-03|website=ANI}}</ref><ref name="AIFF2">{{Cite web|title=Surat engulfed in Beach Soccer wave|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/surat-engulfed-in-beach-soccer-wave|access-date=2023-01-27|work=AIFF}}</ref>

== Seasons ==
The following is the list of winners and runners-up from every edition of the National Beach Soccer Championship.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center; width:;"
! rowspan="2" |Year
! rowspan="2" |Host city
! colspan="3" |First place game
! colspan="3" |Third place game
! rowspan="2" |{{abbr|No. of Teams|Number of teams}}
|-
! width="100px" |{{gold01}} Champions
! width="60px" |Score
! width="100px" |{{silver02}} Runners-up
! width="100px" |{{bronze03}} Third place
! width="60px" |Score
! width="100px" |Fourth place
|-
|[[2023 National Beach Soccer Championship|2023]]<ref name="AIFF3">{{Cite web|title=Kerala crowned inaugural champions of National Beach Soccer Championships|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/kerala-crowned-inaugural-champions-of-national-beach-soccer-championships|access-date=2023-02-01|work=AIFF}}</ref>
|[[Surat]], [[Gujarat]]
|Kerala
|13–4<ref name="AIFF4">{{Cite web|title=Final Match|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/16957|access-date=2023-02-01|work=AIFF}}</ref>
|Punjab
|Delhi
|3–1
|Uttarakhand
|19
|-
|[[2024 National Beach Soccer Championship|2024]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Goa to host next Beach Soccer National Championship|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/goa-to-host-next-beach-soccer-national-championship|date=4 March 2024|work=AIFF}}</ref>
|[[Goa]]
|colspan=7|''Not held''
|}

== See also ==
*[[Football in India]]
*[[Sport in India]]
*[[Futsal Club Championship]]
*[[AFC Beach Soccer Asian Cup]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website|https://www.the-aiff.com/}}

{{Football in India}}

[[Category:National Beach Soccer Championship| ]]
[[Category:Beach soccer in India]]
[[Category:National beach soccer leagues]]
[[Category:All India Football Federation competitions]]
[[Category:2023 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Recurring sporting events established in 2023]]
[[Category:Football leagues in India]]

Harishchandrapuram

2025-11-24T01:20:58Z

Smartkabadi: basic updated structure based on references and fixed typos

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Harishchandrapuram
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|18.479212|N|84.121649|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = Srikakulam
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 532430
| registration_plate = AP39
| website =
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Harichandapuram''' is an Indian village and [[Panchayati raj in India|panchayat]], located in [[Kotabommali]] mandal in [[Srikakulam district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India.

Chinna Harichandrapuram is also known for Sri Panchadama kshetram Hindu Temple.

Sai Baba Temple

Vana Durga Ammavaru Temple

Lord Shiva Temple

==Demographics==
According to [[Indian census]], 2001, the demographic details of Harichandrapuram village is as follows:
* Total Population: 4,324 in 970 Households
* Male Population: 2,138 and Female Population: 2,186
* Children Under 6-years of age: 614 (Boys - 303 and Girls - 311)
* Total Literates: 1,935

==Assembly constituency==
[[Harishchandrapuram (Assembly constituency)|Harishchandrapuram]] is an assembly constituency in Andhra Pradesh.

'''List of Elected Members:'''

* 1967 - Krishna Murthy Kinjarapu
* 1972 and 1978 - Kannipally Appla Narasimha Bhuktha
* 1983, 1985, 1989 and 1994 - [[Yerrannaidu Kinjarapu]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.eci.gov.in/SR_KeyHighLights/SE_1994/StatisticalReport_AP94.pdf |title=Election Commission of India.1994 results.Harishchandrapuram |access-date=8 March 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930084447/http://www.eci.gov.in/SR_KeyHighLights/SE_1994/StatisticalReport_AP94.pdf |archive-date=30 September 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* 1999 and 2004 - Atchan Naidu Kinjarapu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.eci.gov.in/SR_KeyHighLights/SE_1999/StatisticalReport_AP99.pdf |title=Election Commission of India.1999 results.Harishchandrapuram |access-date=8 March 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930083545/http://www.eci.gov.in/SR_KeyHighLights/SE_1999/StatisticalReport_AP99.pdf |archive-date=30 September 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Transport ==
Panchadama Kshetram
Harischandrapuram is located on [[National Highway 16 (India)]]. [[Harishchandrapuram railway station]] is in Chennai-Howrah mainline of [[East Coast Railway]], [[Indian Railways]]. Passenger trains that run from [[Palasa]] towards [[Visakhapatnam]] halt at Harishchandrapuram station.

[[APSRTC]] Runs buses to Harischandrapuram Junction, which is located on [[National Highway 16 (India)]] .
Panchadama Kshetram
[[Harishchandrapuram railway station]] is 3 kilometers far away from Harishchandrapuram village . Harishchandrapuram junction on [[National Highway 16 (India)]] is 2 kilometers away from Harishchandrapuram village.

APSRTC Bus from [[Tekkali]] - [[Ummilada village]] and [[Ummilada village]] - [[Narasannapeta]] travel through this village.

Remaining APSRTC busses, Autos, taxis are available at Harishchandrapuram junction, Which is located on [[National Highway 16 (India)]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

Sri Panchadama Kshetram
Harishchandrapuram

[[Category:Villages in Srikakulam district]]

{{Srikakulam-geo-stub}}