https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Singh142536 2026-07-26T21:00:13Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.43.6 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kothamangalam_Assembly_constituency&diff=510601 2026-05-06T11:19:06Z

<p>Singh142536: Made a stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Constituency of the Kerala legislative assembly in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=April 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Kothamangalam<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | state = Kerala<br /> | constituency_no = 87<br /> | map_image = Inchathotty Hanging Bridge - ഇഞ്ചത്തൊട്ടി തൂക്കുപാലം-2.JPG<br /> | map_caption = [[Inchathotty]] suspension bridge, Kothamangalam<br /> | established = 1965<br /> | reservation = None<br /> | electors = 1,59,539 (2016)<br /> | mla = [[Shibu Thekkumpuram]]<br /> | party = [[Kerala Congress]]<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2026]]<br /> | district = [[Ernakulam district|Ernakulam]]<br /> }} <br /> '''Kothamangalam''' is one of the 140 [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]] constituencies in [[Kerala]] in southern India. It is also one of the seven constituencies included in [[Idukki Lok Sabha constituency]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url = https://ernakulam.nic.in/legislative-assembly<br /> |title = State Assembly Constituencies in Ernakulam district, Kerala<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; As of the [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]], the current MLA is Anthony John of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] party. The [[Jacobite Syrian Christian Church|Jacobite Syrian community]] is a decisive factor in poll results here.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Paul |first=John L. |date=2021-03-14 |title=Church row a key factor in Kothamangalam |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/kerala-assembly/church-row-a-key-factor-in-kothamangalam/article34069496.ece |access-date=2025-12-16 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Local self-governed segments==<br /> Kothamangalam Assembly constituency is composed of the following local self-governed segments:&lt;ref name=&quot;ekm&quot;&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url = http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/ernakulam.html<br /> |website = www.ceo.kerala.gov.in<br /> |title = State Assembly constituencies in Ernakulam district, Kerala.<br /> |access-date = 10 March 2021<br /> |archive-date = 14 March 2011<br /> |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110314055251/http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/ernakulam.html<br /> |url-status = dead<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> !Sl no.<br /> !Name<br /> !Status&lt;br/&gt;([[Gram panchayat|Grama panchayat]]/[[Municipality]])<br /> ![[Tehsil|Taluk]]<br /> |-<br /> |1<br /> |[[Kothamangalam]]<br /> |Municipality<br /> |[[Kothamangalam]]<br /> |-<br /> |2<br /> |Kavalangad<br /> |Grama panchayat<br /> |[[Kothamangalam]]<br /> |-<br /> |3<br /> |[[Keerampara]]<br /> |Grama panchayat<br /> |[[Kothamangalam]]<br /> |-<br /> |4<br /> |[[Kottappady]]<br /> |Grama panchayat<br /> |[[Kothamangalam]]<br /> |-<br /> |5<br /> |[[Kuttampuzha]]<br /> |Grama panchayat<br /> |[[Kothamangalam]]<br /> |-<br /> |6<br /> |[[Nellikuzhi]]<br /> |Grama panchayat<br /> |[[Kothamangalam]]<br /> |-<br /> |7<br /> |Pallarimangalam<br /> |Grama panchayat<br /> |[[Kothamangalam]]<br /> |-<br /> |8<br /> |[[Pindimana]]<br /> |Grama panchayat<br /> |[[Kothamangalam]]<br /> |-<br /> |9<br /> |[[Varappetty]]<br /> |Grama panchayat<br /> |[[Kothamangalam]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br /> The following list contains all members of [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]] who have represented the constituency:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> !Election<br /> !Niyama&lt;br&gt;Sabha<br /> !Member<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Party<br /> !Tenure<br /> |-<br /> |[[1967 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br /> |3rd<br /> |T. M. Meethiyan<br /> |{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |1967 – 1970<br /> |-<br /> |[[1970 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1970]]<br /> |4th<br /> |[[M. I. Markose]]<br /> |{{Party name with color|Independent (politician)}}<br /> |1970 – 1977<br /> |-<br /> |[[1977 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br /> |5th<br /> |M. V. Mani<br /> |{{Party name with color|Kerala Congress}}<br /> |1977 – 1980<br /> |-<br /> |[[1980 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br /> |6th<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[T. M. Jacob]]<br /> | {{Party name with color|rowspan=2|Kerala Congress (Jacob)}}<br /> |1980 – 1982<br /> |-<br /> |[[1982 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1982]]<br /> |7th<br /> |1982 – 1987<br /> |-<br /> |[[1987 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1987]]<br /> |8th<br /> |{{Party name with color|Independent (politician)}}|<br /> |1987 – 1991<br /> |-<br /> |[[1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1991]]<br /> |9th<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |V. J. Paulose<br /> | {{Party name with color|rowspan=3|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |1991 – 1996<br /> |-<br /> |[[1996 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1996]]<br /> |10th<br /> |1996 – 2001<br /> |-<br /> |[[2001 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2001]]<br /> |11th<br /> |2001 – 2006<br /> |-<br /> |[[2006 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2006]]<br /> |12th<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[T. U. Kuruvilla]]<br /> |{{Party name with color|Kerala Congress}}<br /> |2006 – 2011<br /> |-<br /> |[[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2011]]<br /> |13th<br /> |{{Party name with color|Kerala Congress (M)}}<br /> |2011 – 2016<br /> |-<br /> |[[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2016]]<br /> |14th<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Antony John]]<br /> | {{Party name with color|rowspan=2|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |2016 - 2021<br /> |-<br /> |[[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<br /> |15th<br /> |[[Incumbent]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Election results ==<br /> Percentage change (±%) denotes the change in the number of votes from the immediate previous election.<br /> <br /> ===2026===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Kothamangalam}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = CPI(M)<br /> |candidate = [[Antony John]]<br /> |votes = <br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Kerala Congress <br /> |candidate = Shibu Thekkumpuram<br /> |votes = <br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bharath Dharma Jana Sena <br /> |candidate = Aji Narayanan<br /> |votes = <br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = None of the above<br /> |votes = <br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory|<br /> |votes = <br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = <br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = <br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2021 ===<br /> There were 1,61,940 registered voters in the constituency for the 2021 Kerala Assembly election.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2021, Election commission of India|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/Result2021/ConstituencywiseS1187.htm?ac=87}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {{Election box begin|title=[[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Kothamangalam}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br /> |candidate=[[Antony John]]<br /> |votes=64,234<br /> |percentage=47.1<br /> |change=-|}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party=Kerala Congress<br /> |candidate=Shibu Thekkumpuram<br /> |votes=57,629<br /> |percentage=42.3<br /> |change=-|}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party= Twenty20 Party <br /> |candidate=Dr. Joe Joseph<br /> |votes=7,978<br /> |percentage=5.8<br /> |change=-|}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party=Bharath Dharma Jana Sena<br /> |candidate=Shine K Krishnan<br /> |votes=4,638<br /> |percentage=3.4<br /> |change=-|}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party=Social Democratic Party of India<br /> |candidate=T.M. Moosa<br /> |votes=1286<br /> |percentage=0.94<br /> |change=-|}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party=None of the above<br /> |candidate=None of the above<br /> |votes=414<br /> |percentage=0.3<br /> |change=-|}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory|<br /> |votes=6,605<br /> |percentage=4.8<br /> |change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes=1,36,283<br /> |percentage=84.41<br /> |change=-}}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|swing=}}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2016 ===<br /> There were 1,59,539 registered voters in the constituency for the 2016 Kerala Assembly election.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2016, Election commission of India|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3767-kerala-general-legislative-election-2016|website=eci.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {{Election box begin|title=[[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Kothamangalam}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=[[Antony John]]|votes=65,467|percentage=50.98|change=-|}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Kerala Congress (M)|candidate=T. U. Kuruvilla|votes=46,185|percentage=35.96|change={{decrease}}13.30|}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=P. C. Cyriac|votes=12,926|percentage=10.06|change=-|}}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Social Democratic Party of India|candidate=Anas N. A.|votes=1,490|percentage=1.16|change={{decrease}}3.21|}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=803|percentage=0.63|change=-|}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Peoples Democratic Party (India)|candidate=Yahiya Thangal|votes=775|percentage=0.60|change=-|}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=T. K .Kuruvilla|votes=357|percentage=0.28|change=-|}}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Cherian Abraham|votes=261|percentage=0.20|change=-}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Anto John|votes=163|percentage=0.13|change=-}}{{Election box margin of victory||votes=19,282|percentage=15.02|change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout||votes=1,28,427|percentage=80.50|change={{increase}}6.02}}<br /> <br /> {{Election box gain with party link|winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|loser=Kerala Congress (M)|swing=}}{{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2011 ===<br /> There were 1,44,256 registered voters in the constituency for the 2011 election.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2011, Election commission of India|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3763-kerala-2011|access-date=11 March 2020|website=eci.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title=[[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Kothamangalam}}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Kerala Congress (M)|candidate=T. U. Kuruvilla|votes=52,924|percentage=49.26|change=|}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Skariah Thomas|votes=40,702|percentage=37.88|change=|}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=K. Radhakrishnan|votes=5,769|percentage=5.37|change=|}}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Social Democratic Party of India|candidate=Shine Muhammed|votes=4,691|percentage=4.37|change=-|}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Skaria Thomas|votes=1,008|percentage=0.94|change=-|}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=T. T. Kuruvilla|votes=718|percentage=0.67|change=-|}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Devaki Narayanan|votes=524|percentage=0.49|change=-|}}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Joy Davasia|votes=419|percentage=0.39|change=-}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Skaria Thomman|votes=363|percentage=0.34|change=-}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Somini Prabhakaran|votes=319|percentage=0.30|change=}}{{Election box margin of victory||votes=12,222|percentage=11.38|change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout||votes=1,07,437|percentage=74.48|change={{decrease}}4.87}}<br /> <br /> {{Election box gain with party link|winner=Kerala Congress (M)|loser=Kerala Congress|swing=}}{{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Kothamangalam]]<br /> * [[Ernakulam district]]<br /> * [[List of constituencies of the Kerala Legislative Assembly]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Kerala Assembly Constituencies}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:State assembly constituencies in Ernakulam district]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1965]]<br /> [[Category:1965 establishments in Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:Kothamangalam, Kerala]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Umalwad&diff=542499 2026-05-03T14:40:38Z

<p>Singh142536: Created a pg</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Village in Maharashtra}}<br /> {{more citations needed|date=September 2015}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> |name = Umalwad<br /> |settlement_type = Village<br /> |image_skyline = <br /> |imagesize = <br /> |image_alt = <br /> |image_caption = <br /> |etymology = <br /> |nickname = <br /> |coordinates = {{coord|16|48|12.2|N|74|32|47.2|E}}<br /> |population_total = <br /> |subdivision_type = Country<br /> |subdivision_name = India<br /> |subdivision_type1 = State<br /> |subdivision_name1 = Maharashtra<br /> |subdivision_type2 = District<br /> |subdivision_name2 = Kolhapur<br /> |website = &lt;!-- {{URL|example.com}} --&gt;<br /> }}<br /> '''Umalwad'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.umalwad.mahapanchayat.gov.in/ |title=Home |website=umalwad.mahapanchayat.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; is a small village . It is situated 3&amp;nbsp;km from north side of [[Jaysingpur]] city. This village is famous for [[Guava]].<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> The village dates back to the year 1600-1700. It is situated on the bank of [[Krishna River]] which flows from north to south.. <br /> <br /> == Culture ==<br /> This village is known for temples of many faiths. Umalwad hosts Ramling Temple, Shree Danling temple, Shree Hanuman temple, Shree Vitthal-Rukmini Temple, Shree Basaveshwar temple, Shree Ganapati temple. A Christian church is also present.<br /> <br /> === Places of worship ===<br /> * (K.D.C., C.N.I.) church Umalwad<br /> <br /> ==== Temples ====<br /> *Shri Danling Maharaj Temple<br /> *Shri Ramling Temple<br /> *Shri Jain Basti<br /> *Shri Birdev Temple<br /> *Shri Basveshwar Temple<br /> *Shri Hanuman Temple<br /> *Shri Vitthal Rukmini Temple<br /> *Shri Ganpati Temple<br /> *Buddha Temple<br /> <br /> == Demographics ==<br /> The population was 5,035 &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Umalwad|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/PopulationFinder/View_Village_Population.aspx?pcaid=511060&amp;category=VILLAGE}}&lt;/ref&gt; as of the 2011 census.<br /> <br /> == Language==<br /> [[Marathi language|Marathi]] is the official language. Some residents speak [[Kannada language]], who belong to [[Jain]] and [[Lingayat]] communities.<br /> <br /> ==Festivals== <br /> The big festival celebrated in umalwad is Shri Danling Maharaj Yatra celebrated every year on Maha Shivaratri. The second festival celebrated is Shri Hanuman Jayanti. Third Festival celebrated is Shri Birdev Yatra. Shri [[Mahavir Jayanti]] is also celebrated every year by Jain people. The one more big festival celebrated every year is Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Birth Celebrations.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Villages in Kolhapur district]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vidyasagar_University&diff=547827 2026-04-29T13:32:38Z

<p>Singh142536: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian public university in West Bengal}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox university<br /> | name = Vidyasagar University<br /> | image = Vidyasagar University Logo.svg<br /> | image_upright = .7<br /> | motto = {{lang|sa|ṣikśa, gyan, pragati}}<br /> | mottoeng = Education, knowledge, progress<br /> | type = [[Public university|Public]] [[research university]]<br /> | established = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1981|09|29}}<br /> | founder = [[Anil Kumar Gain]]<br /> | top_free_label = Recognition<br /> | top_free = {{hlist| [[AICTE]] | [[Bar Council of India|BCI]]}}<br /> | accreditation = [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url=http://www.vidyasagar.ac.in/files/naac2014/NAAC%20Accreditation%20Result.pdf | title=List of Institutions recommended for accreditation by NAAC | access-date=2024-07-05 | website=vidyasagar.ac.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | academic_affiliations = {{hlist|[[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]|[[Association of Indian Universities|AIU]]}}<br /> | endowment = {{INRConvert|94.16|c}}&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|(2024–25 est.)}}&lt;ref name=nirf_stud/&gt;<br /> | chancellor = [[Governor of West Bengal]]<br /> | vice_chancellor = Dipak Kumar Kar&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=1 Mar 2025 |title=Vidyasagar University gets permanent VC |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/vidyasagar-university-gets-permanent-vc/articleshowprint/119127759.cms |url-status=live |access-date=17 Mar 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]] Mar 17, 2025, 11.35 PM IST |location=[[Kolkata]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | academic_staff = 311 ({{small|2025}})&lt;ref name=nirf_stud/&gt;<br /> | students = 4,558 ({{small|2025}})&lt;ref name=nirf_stud&gt;{{cite web |title=NIRF Data 2026 |url=https://vidyasagar.ac.in/Website/DownloadFile?filePath=~%2FContent%2FUploads%2FDocuments%2F20260407_185323_175ea160_Full_Report_MHRD_2026.pdf&amp;fileName=Full_Report_MHRD_2026.pdf| publisher=Vidyasagar University}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | undergrad =<br /> | postgrad = 3,616 ({{small|2025}})&lt;ref name=nirf_stud/&gt;<br /> | doctoral = 942 ({{small|2025}})&lt;ref name=nirf_stud/&gt;<br /> | city = [[Midnapore]]<br /> | state = [[West Bengal]]<br /> | country = India<br /> | coor = {{Coord|23.4320|N|87.2979|E|format=dms|region:IN-WB_type:edu|display=inline,title}}<br /> | campus = [[Urban areas|Urban]]&lt;br /&gt;{{convert|138.78|acre|ha}}<br /> | website = {{Official URL}}<br /> | logo = Vidyasagar University Wordmark logo.svg<br /> }}<br /> [[File:The main Entrance of Vidyasagar University.png|alt=The main Entrance of Vidyasagar University|thumbnail|350px|The main entrance of Vidyasagar University]]<br /> '''Vidyasagar University''' is a [[Public university|public]] [[State university (India)|state]] [[research university]]<br /> that was established by an Act of the West Bengal legislature which was notified in the ''[[Calcutta Gazette]]'' on 24 June 1981.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vidyasagar University Act 1981 |url=http://www.vidyasagar.ac.in/Downloads/ShowPdf.aspx?file=/act_statutes/Vidyasagar_University_Act_1981.pdf |website=vidyasagar.ac.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is an affiliating university in [[Paschim Medinipur]] district of southern [[West Bengal]], India.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://vidyasagar.academia.edu/|title=Vidyasagar University|website=vidyasagar.academia.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; It offers courses at the undergraduate and post-graduate levels.<br /> <br /> It was founded by the [[University of Cambridge]] mathematician and statistician [[Anil Kumar Gain]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-05-18 |title=INSA |url=http://insaindia.org/deceaseddetail.php?id=N660257 |access-date=2024-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518090521/http://insaindia.org/deceaseddetail.php?id=N660257 |archive-date=18 May 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Guha |first=Abhijit |date=2019-01-01 |title=News_ items_Statesman_A_K_Gayen_Birth_Centenary_Lecture(PDF).pdf |url=https://www.academia.edu/38426101 |journal=VU Celebrates Birth Centenary of Its Founder}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The university was established on 29 September 1981 by the Vidyasagar University Act 1981 (West Bengal Act XVIII of 1981) of the state of West Bengal to commemorate Pandit Iswar Chandra Bandyopadhyay, also known as [[Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar]], an educationist and social worker of 19th century Bengal. The [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] accorded recognition to the university under Section 12 B on 1 March 1990.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.vidyasagar.ac.in/about_us/history.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120915050550/http://www.vidyasagar.ac.in/about_us/history.html?st=|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-09-15|title=History and Heritage of Vidyasagar University}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> A short history of Vidyasagar University is written by a faculty of the Anthropology Department in Bengali which was published in January 2001 from Kolkata. In this book the author being one of the founder teachers of the university narrated the missions of the institution as well as the deviations and the future possibilities in the context of globalisation.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/4165030|title=Nritatikayer Chokhe Vidyasagar Viswavidyalayer Uddeshya, Bicchutiye O Sambhabana|first=Abhijit |last=Guha|journal=A Book in Bengali by Abhijit Guha on His Own University Where He Had Taught Anthropology |date=January 2001}} (A book in Bengali by Abhijit Guha on his own university where he worked as a faculty in the Department of Anthropology for 30 years.)&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Establishment ===<br /> Following the approval of UGC, the Government of West Bengal decided in 1978 to establish Vidyasagar University and, in consultation with the U.G.C., the State Government appointed a Planning Committee in March 1979 to lay down the lines of development and to take initial steps to found the university. The committee submitted its report in October. Then the Vidyasagar University Act, 1981 (West Bengal Act XVIII of 1981) was passed in the State Legislative Assembly. Professor Bhupesh Chandra Mukherjee, a former teacher of History of the then Presidency College, Kolkata, joined as the first vice chancellor on 29 September 1981. Professor B.C. Mukherjee wrote an article in the ''Journal of Higher Education''(published by the UGC) in which he stated the mission and objectives of Vidyasagar University and mentioned the name of the founder of VU—Professor Anil Kumar Gain.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/6896647|title=Journal of Higher Education, vol. 13, nos.1-3, 1987-88|first=Abhijit |last=Guha|journal=Short Communication |date=August 1987 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Academic activities started when through a notification [no. 983-Edn (U), dated Calcutta 23 May] issued by the State Government, 30 colleges of the District of Midnapore were affiliated to the Vidyasagar University with effect from 1 June 1985. The foundation stone of the main campus (at Tantigaria mouza of Midnapore Sadar Town for post graduate teaching and central administration) was laid on 18 July 1983 by the university's chancellor and West Bengal governor B.D. Pande. On 15 January 1986, it was inaugurated by Jyoti Basu, the then chief minister of West Bengal.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}<br /> <br /> On 16 January classes commenced in six post graduate departments: Anthropology, Applied Mathematics with Oceanology and Computer Programming, Commerce with Farm Management, Economics with Rural Development, Library and Information Science, Political Science with Rural Administration.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}<br /> <br /> The U.G.C. accorded recognition to the university in terms of Section 12B of the U.G.C. Act, on 1 March 1990. The university houses 27 PG departments (apart from MBA which is run under the Department of Commerce with Farm Management), 12 in Humanities and 15 in Science while 46 undergraduate colleges apart from 11 courses in yet 11 other colleges / institutes are affiliated to it. Fourteen vocational subjects and six other specialised courses are offered at the UG level. The overall emphasis of the university is not to perpetuate the traditional nature of the other universities of West Bengal but to merge as a distinctive entity with a special nature of its own. The National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) awarded Vidyasagar University a three-star status.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}<br /> <br /> ==Campus==<br /> The total area of university campuses in the semi-rural areas is {{convert|182.75|acre|km2}}. It may be distributed as:<br /> * Main Campus: {{convert|103.79|acre|km2}}<br /> * Residential Campus: {{convert|35.00|acre|m2}}<br /> * Third plot: {{convert|43.97|acre|m2}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.vidyasagar.ac.in/about_us/university_area.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121218234333/http://www.vidyasagar.ac.in/about_us/university_area.html?st=|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-12-18|title=Campus area of Vidyasagar University}}&lt;/ref&gt; The third plotwhich was given by the district administration was taken back since the university could not use it for its purpose.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/3698486|title=Campus Anthropology: A Case Study from West Bengal, India 1|first=Guha|last=Abhijit|journal=Anthropological Forum|year=2013 |volume=23|issue=2 |pages=158–177 |doi=10.1080/00664677.2013.779230 |s2cid=144112935 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Organisation and administration ==<br /> ===Governance===<br /> The Vice-chancellor of Vidyasagar University is the chief executive officer of the university. Prof. Dipak Kumar Kar is the present Vice-chancellor of the university.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:1em; font-size:100%; background:#ffc; color:black; width:20em; max-width:30%;&quot;<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#ccc;&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;| List of All Vice-Chancellors<br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 5%;&quot;| No.<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 95%;&quot;| Name<br /> |-<br /> | 1.<br /> | Prof. Bhupesh Chandra Mukherjee<br /> |-<br /> |2.<br /> |Prof. Birendra Nath Goswami<br /> |-<br /> |3.<br /> |Prof. Jyotirmoy Pal Chaudhuri<br /> |-<br /> |4.<br /> |Prof. Manas Kumar Chattopadhyay<br /> |-<br /> |5.<br /> |Prof. Manoranjan Maiti<br /> |-<br /> |6.<br /> |Prof. Satya Narayan Ghosh<br /> |-<br /> |7.<br /> |Prof. Amiya Kumar Dev<br /> |-<br /> |8.<br /> |Prof. Ananda Deb Mukhopadhyay<br /> |-<br /> |9.<br /> |Prof. Swapan Kumar Pramanick<br /> |-<br /> |10.<br /> |Prof. Nanda Dulal Paria<br /> |-<br /> |11.<br /> |Prof. Ranjan Chakrabarti <br /> |-<br /> |12.<br /> |Prof. Sibaji Pratim Basu<br /> |-<br /> |13.<br /> |Prof. Pabitra Kumar Chakrabarti<br /> |-<br /> |14.<br /> |Prof. Susanta Kumar Chakraborty<br /> |-<br /> |15.<br /> |Prof. Dipak Kumar Kar ''(Incumbent)''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Affiliations===<br /> The university is an affiliating institution and has its jurisdiction over [[Purba Medinipur]], [[Paschim Medinipur]], and [[Jhargram district|Jhargram]] districts or any district which may be created in future out of any parts thereof. Thirty colleges of the [[University of Calcutta]] in the erstwhile district of Midnapore were initially deemed to be affiliated to Vidyasagar University. Presently, the university affiliates dozens of colleges and institutes across the region:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vidyasagar University Registration Portal (for affiliated colleges only) |url=https://registration.vidyasagar.ac.in/ShowMaster/UserMaster.aspx |access-date=2026-04-13 |website=registration.vidyasagar.ac.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |+ Colleges and institutes affiliated to Vidyasagar University<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:20%;&quot; | District<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Affiliated institutions<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Paschim Medinipur district|Paschim Medinipur]]<br /> | {{div col|colwidth=20em}}<br /> * [[AMIK Institute of Management Science &amp; Technology]]<br /> * [[Belda College]]<br /> * [[Bengal Institute of Business Studies College]]<br /> * [[Bhatter College]]<br /> * [[Chaipat S.P.B. Mahavidyalaya]]<br /> * [[Chaipat Shahid Pradyot Bhattacharyya Mahavidyalaya]]<br /> * [[Chandrakona Vidyasagar Mahavidyalaya]]<br /> * [[Debra Thana Sahid Kshudiram Smriti Mahavidyalaya]]<br /> * [[Garhbeta College]]<br /> * [[Ghatal Rabindra Shatabarshiki Mahavidyalaya]]<br /> * [[Gourav Guin Memorial College]]<br /> * [[Government General Degree College, Dantan II]]<br /> * [[Government General Degree College, Kharagpur-II]]<br /> * [[Government General Degree College, Mohanpur]]<br /> * [[Government General Degree College,Narayangarh]]<br /> * [[Hijli College]]<br /> * [[K.D. College of Commerce and General Studies]]<br /> * [[Keshiary Government College]]<br /> * [[Kharagpur College]]<br /> * [[Midnapore City College]]<br /> * [[Midnapore College]]<br /> * [[Moyna College]]<br /> * [[Narajole Raj College]]<br /> * [[Oriental Institute of Science and Technology, Midnapore]]<br /> * [[Pingla Thana Mahavidyalaya]]<br /> * [[Raja Narendra Lal Khan Women's College]]<br /> * [[Sabang Sajanikanta Mahavidyalaya]]<br /> * [[Salboni Government College]]<br /> * [[Santal Bidroha Sardha Satabarsiki Mahavidyalaya]]<br /> * [[Sukumar Sengupta Mahavidyalaya]]<br /> * [[Vidyasagar Institute of Health]]<br /> * [[Vidyasagar School of Social Work]]<br /> {{div col end}}<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Purba Medinipur district|Purba Medinipur]]<br /> | {{div col|colwidth=20em}}<br /> * [[Bajkul Milani Mahavidyalaya]]<br /> * [[Deshapran Mahavidyalaya]]<br /> * [[Egra Sarada Shashi Bhusan College]]<br /> * [[Haldia Government College]]<br /> * [[Haldia Law College]]<br /> * [[Khejuri College]]<br /> * [[Maharaja Nandakumar Mahavidyalaya]]<br /> * [[Mahishadal Girls' College]]<br /> * [[Mahishadal Raj College]]<br /> * [[Mugberia Gangadhar Mahavidyalaya]]<br /> * [[Panskura Banamali College]]<br /> * [[Prabhat Kumar College]]<br /> * [[Rabindra Bharati Mahavidyalaya]]<br /> * [[Ramnagar College]]<br /> * [[Shahid Matangini Hazra Government College for Women]]<br /> * [[Siddhinath Mahavidyalaya]]<br /> * [[Sitananda College]]<br /> * [[Swarnamoyee Jogendranath Mahavidyalaya]]<br /> * [[Tamralipta Mahavidyalaya]]<br /> * [[Vivekananda Mission Mahavidyalaya]]<br /> * [[Vivekananda Satavarshiki Mahavidyalaya]]<br /> * [[Yogoda Satsanga Palpara Mahavidyalaya]]<br /> {{div col end}}<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Jhargram district|Jhargram]]<br /> | {{div col|colwidth=20em}}<br /> * [[Government General Degree College, Gopiballavpur-II]]<br /> * [[Lalgarh Government College]]<br /> * [[Nayagram Pandit Raghunath Murmu Government College]]<br /> * [[Rani Indira Debi Government Girls College]]<br /> * [[Sankrail Anil Biswas Smriti Mahavidyalaya]]<br /> * [[Seva Bharati Mahavidyalaya]]<br /> * [[Silda Chandra Sekhar College]]<br /> * [[Subarnarekha Mahavidyalaya]]<br /> {{div col end}}<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Other<br /> | {{div col|colwidth=20em}}<br /> * [[Durgapur Institute of Paramedical Science]]<br /> * [[Haldia Institute of Health Science]]<br /> * [[IQ City United World School of Business, Kolkata]]<br /> * [[Medinipur Law College]]<br /> * [[MIES R.M. Law College]]<br /> {{div col end}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Vidyasagar University Teachers' Association (VUTA) ===<br /> The professors of Vidyasagar University formed their association in 1986 with nine teachers of the six postgraduate departments. Gradually the organization developed into a viable entity. Apart from looking into the pure financial and promotional interests of the teachers, the association regularly organizes academic seminars and cultural programmes in which many students and other members of the university community participate. On 24 July 2013 VUTA celebrated its belated silver jubilee function and published a souvenir.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/4118204|title=Growing up at Vidyasagar University|first=Abhijit |last=Guha|journal=Souvenir, (Silver Jubilee Celebration) 24 July 2013. Edited by T.K.Banerjee. Vidyasagar University Teachers' Association. Midnapore.|date=24 July 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The organization got its registration in 2015. On 4 December 2015, and for the first time in the history of the association, a Professor in Anthropology wrote an open letter to the President of the association pointing out the anomalies in the study leave rules for the teachers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/19475633|title=Open Letter to the President of Vidyasagar University Teachers' Association|first=Abhijit |last=Guha|journal=Academia.edu|date=4 December 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Academics==<br /> ===Admission===<br /> Admission in undergraduate and postgraduate course is mainly based on the result of higher secondary (10+2) and graduation (10+2+3) level results, respectively. Each college sets up their own criteria for admission in undergraduate course, but all are mainly based on higher secondary results.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://iimp.net/placement.php?p=Placement|title=Distance education council approved university|access-date=12 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512213056/http://iimp.net/placement.php?p=Placement|archive-date=12 May 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.searchgovtjobs.com/2015/07/vit-university-counselling-2015-status-fees-details/ |title=Postgraduate Programmes University |access-date=30 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801034651/http://www.searchgovtjobs.com/2015/07/vit-university-counselling-2015-status-fees-details/ |archive-date=1 August 2015 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> For research level programs, the aspirants have to sit for a qualifying test (RET) followed by an interview. It is mandatory that they secure at least 55% marks in their post graduate level examination.<br /> <br /> If the aspirants qualify the all India examination like NET, GATE, SET then their admission in Ph.D is only based on interview.<br /> <br /> ===Distance education===<br /> Vidyasagar University has a Directorate of Distance Education (DDE, VU) for conducting post graduate studies in distance mode. This is for people who cannot undergo post graduate studies in regular (full-time) mode. The DDE, VU is on the main campus.<br /> <br /> It was established in 1994 and started offering correspondence courses in postgraduate subjects from the session 1994-1995. Candidates pursuing distance learning courses are provided with study materials in modules on topics prescribed in the syllabus. The Directorate of Distance Education organises the Personal Contact Programme (PCP) for interaction with leading academic experts in the subjects who give counselling and advice rather than classroom lectures. PCPs are held ordinarily during Summer Recess, Puja Recess and Winter Recess and on holidays. Courses of distance education in the university are approved by the University Grants Commission (UGC) and the Distance Education Council.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://dde.vidyasagar.ac.in/|title=Directorate of Distance Education :: Vidyasagar University|website=dde.vidyasagar.ac.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.dec.ac.in/|title=Distance Education Council|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060820112718/http://www.dec.ac.in/|archive-date=20 August 2006|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Computer Centre===<br /> Computer centre takes an important role for spreading the knowledge of computer education in rural areas of West Bengal. They offers certificate and diploma courses on computer-based subjects like Office Automation and Financial Accounting, Office Automation and Internet Technologies. They offered few post graduate diploma courses in collaboration with CMC. It maintains the campus-wide LAN (optical fiber based GBIC) with 400 nodes throughout the campus and providing Internet services.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.vidyasagar.ac.in/cc/default.html/ Computer Centre of Vidyasagar University] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206151014/http://www.vidyasagar.ac.in/cc/default.html/ |date=6 February 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Sports and games===<br /> Games and sports of the university are an integral part of academic achievements. Sports events like Athletics, Football, Volleyball, Kho-Kho, Swimming, Kabadi, and Cricket competitions are organised regularly as per the university's Sports Calendar. The university has shown remarkable performance in All India Inter-University tournaments and all Bengal Inter-University tournaments even with limited infrastructural facilities.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.vidyasagar.ac.in/facilities/sports.html/ Sports of Vidyasagar University] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206151215/http://www.vidyasagar.ac.in/facilities/sports.html/ |date=6 February 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Accreditation===<br /> Vidyasagar University has been awarded B grade by the [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council]] (NAAC).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Institutions Accredited / Re-accredited by NAAC with validity|url=http://www.naac.gov.in/sites/naac.gov.in/files/Institutions_Accredited_by_NAAC_with_validity.pdf|publisher=[[National Assessment and Accreditation Council]]|access-date=22 February 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512054040/http://www.naac.gov.in/sites/naac.gov.in/files/Institutions_Accredited_by_NAAC_with_validity.pdf|archive-date=12 May 2012|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the third cycle of accreditation by NAAC, Vidyasagar University has been awarded a cumulative grade point average (CPGA) of 2.86 and was placed under B Grade.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Results |url=http://www.naac.gov.in/docs/Result%20RAR-2nd&amp;subsequent-4SC |website=naac.gov.in}}{{dead link|date=April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Distance Learning |url=https://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning |website=welingkaronline.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Publishing===<br /> The faculties of Vidyasagar University and its vice-chancellors have written and edited a books on subjects mainly by availing financial grant from the UGC Unassigned grant scheme.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://vidyasagar.ac.in/university_faculty_publication/university_publication.html |title=Vidyasagar University:: |access-date=19 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926163849/http://vidyasagar.ac.in/university_faculty_publication/university_publication.html |archive-date=26 September 2013 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The academic departments have been publishing journals. There are two multidisciplinary journals: one published by the biological science departments and the other by the physical science departments.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://vidyasagar.ac.in/journal/index.html |title=Vidyasagar University:: |access-date=3 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606221021/http://vidyasagar.ac.in/journal/index.html |archive-date=6 June 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Notable alumni==<br /> There is an alumni association of Vidyasagar University, established in 2000.<br /> {{div col|colwidth=30em}}<br /> * [[Manas Kumar Santra]], chemical biologist, [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development|N-Bios]] laureate<br /> {{div col end}}<br /> <br /> ==Notable faculty==<br /> *[[Anil Kumar Gain]]<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[List of universities in India#West Bengal|List of universities in India]]<br /> * [[Universities and colleges in India]]<br /> * [[Education in India]]<br /> * [[Distance Education Council]]<br /> * [[University Grants Commission (India)]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{Commons category}}<br /> * {{official website}}<br /> <br /> {{Universities in West Bengal}}<br /> {{Paschim Medinipur topics}}<br /> {{Vidyasagar University}}<br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Vidyasagar University| ]]<br /> [[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1981]]<br /> [[Category:Universities and colleges in Paschim Medinipur district]]<br /> [[Category:1981 establishments in West Bengal]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_Visvanathan&diff=538704 2026-04-29T04:41:25Z

<p>Singh142536: Created info</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian sociologist and writer}}<br /> {{Use British English|date=August 2014}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}<br /> '''Susan Visvanathan''' (born 1957) is an Indian [[sociologist]], [[social anthropologist]] and a fiction writer. She is well known for her writings on religious dialogue and [[sociology of religion]]. Her first book ''Christians of Kerala: History, Belief and Ritual among the Yakoba'' (Oxford University Press) is a pathbreaking work in the field of sociology of religion.<br /> <br /> She was a professor of Sociology and former chairperson at Centre for the Study of Social Systems at the [[Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi|Jawaharlal Nehru University]] (JNU).&lt;ref name=jnu&gt;{{cite web | title = Prof Susan Visvanathan|publisher=JNU | url = http://www.jnu.ac.in/Faculty/susan/ | accessdate = 14 January 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early life and background==<br /> <br /> Susan Visvanathan studied in [[Delhi University]] and [[Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi|Jawaharlal Nehru University]]. After finishing her M.A in sociology from Jawaharlal Nehru University, she earned her M.Phil. and PhD in sociology from the Department of Sociology, [[Delhi School of Economics]], University of Delhi. Susan completed her MPhil and PhD under the supervision of the eminent Sociologist and Social Anthropologist, [[Veena Das]].<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> Susan started her career as senior lecturer in sociology, [[Hindu College, University of Delhi]] in 1983. She was head of the Department of Sociology in Hindu College from 1989 to 1997. She joined the Centre for the Study of Social Systems, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) in 1997, from where she retired as a professor of sociology in 2022. At JNU, she taught courses in Sociology of Religion, [[Historical Anthropology]], Classical Social Theory and [[gender studies]]. She was chairperson of the Centre for the Study of Social Systems, School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University from 2010 to 2012.&lt;ref name=jnu/&gt;<br /> <br /> She was Honorary Fellow, [[Indian Institute of Advanced Study]], Shimla 1990–1995, and Fellow, [[Nehru Memorial Museum and Library]], New Delhi 1989–92. She was a Charles Wallace Fellow in Social Anthropology to [[Queen's University Belfast]] 1997. She has been a visiting professor to Maison des Sciences de L'Hommes, Paris (2004), [[Paris 13 University]] (2011). She has been guest faculty at Freie University, Berlin and at University of California at Santa Cruz and at San Diego, South Asia Network at Lund University, Sweden and at University of Jamaica at Mona campus. She has been an honorary consultant to the [[World Council of Churches]], Geneva 1987–89, consultant to the [[Oxford University Press]], New Delhi 1994 to 1999 and from 2009 onwards and consultant to Freie University, Berlin, 2011. She was the Research Excellence Fellow at the [[Central European University]] (CEU), Budapest (2018–2019).<br /> <br /> She also writes fiction during winter and summer breaks from the university, extending sociological and theoretical concerns in the more vivid prose of literary fiction including short stories and novels.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = Bookshelf: Susan Visvanathan |publisher=SAWNET| url = http://www.sawnet.org/books/authors.php?Visvanathan+Susan | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050222173306/http://www.sawnet.org/books/authors.php?Visvanathan+Susan | url-status = dead | archive-date = 22 February 2005 | accessdate = 14 January 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Books==<br /> * The Christians of Kerala: History, Belief and Ritual among the Yakoba (Oxford University Press, 1993. Reprinted 7th time as paperback from OUP Delhi in 2010)<br /> * Missionary Styles and the Problem of Dialogue (Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Shimla, 1993).<br /> * An Ethnography of Mysticism: The Journeys of a French Monk in India (Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Shimla 1998).<br /> * Structure and Transformation: Theory and Society in India (Oxford University Press. Delhi, 2000).<br /> * Friendship, Interiority and Mysticism: Essays in Dialogue (Orient Longman/ Orient BlackSwan, 2007).<br /> * Children of Nature: The Life and Legacy of Ramana Maharshi (Roli Books, 2010).<br /> * Reading Marx, Weber and Durkheim Today (Palm Leaf Publications,2012).<br /> * Culture and Society (Readings in Indian sociology, Vol. IX), (Sage, 2014).<br /> * Art, Politics, Symbols and Religion: A Reader for Humanities and Design (Winshield Press, 2019).<br /> * Structure, Innovation and Adaptation: Concepts and Empirical Puzzles in a Postmodern Milieu (Winshield, 2019).<br /> * Chronology and Events: The Sociological Landscape of Changing Concepts (Winshield, 2019).<br /> * Wisdom of Community: Essays on History, Social Transformation and Culture ( Bloomsbury, 2022).<br /> * Work, Word and the World: Essays on Habitat, Culture and Environment ( Bloomsbury, 2022).<br /> <br /> ==Fiction==<br /> * Something Barely Remembered (Flamingo 2000 and Roli IndiaInk, 2000)<br /> * The Visiting Moon (Roli IndiaInk 2002)<br /> * Phosphorus and Stone (Penguin and Zubaan, 2007)<br /> * The Seine at Noon (Roli IndiaInk, 2007)<br /> * Nelycinda and Other Stories (Roli Books,2012)<br /> * Adi Sankara and Other Stories (Papyrus Scrolls, 2017)<br /> <br /> ==Selected Articles (Journals)==<br /> <br /> * Reconstructions of the Past Among the Syrian Christians of Kerala, Contributions to Indian Sociology (Sage), July 1986<br /> * Marriage, Birth and Death: Property Rights and Domestic Relationships of the Orthodox/Jacobite Syrian Christians of Kerala, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. XXIV No. 24, 17 June 1989<br /> * Women and Work – From Housewifization to Androgyny, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. XXXI Nos 45 and 46 November 9–16, 1996.<br /> * The Homogeneity of Fundamentalism: British Colonialism and Mission in India in the 19th Century, Studies in History(Sage),16 (2)2000 <br /> * S.K. Rudra, C.F Andrews and M.K. Gandhi: Friendship, Dialogue and Interiority in the Question of Indian Nationalism, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol XXXVII, No. 34, 24 August 2002<br /> * Medieval Music and Shakespeare's Sonnets, Think India Quarterly,12(2), 2009<br /> * {{cite journal |last1=Visvanathan |first1=Susan |authorlink=Susan Visvanathan|title=Hannah Arendt and the Problem of Our Age |journal=[[Economic and Political Weekly]] |date=April 2001 |volume=36 |issue=16 |pages=1307–1309 |jstor=4410510 }}<br /> <br /> == Selected Articles (Edited Books) ==<br /> * &quot;Interpretations of the City&quot;, in 'Structure and Transformation: Theory and Society in India', edited by Susan Visvanathan, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2001<br /> * &quot;The Eucharist in a Syrian Christian Church&quot;, in 'India's Religions:Perspectives from Sociology and History', edited by T.N Madan, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2004<br /> * &quot;Ringeltaube in the Midst of the Natives-1813 and the Narratives of Distress&quot;, in 'Halle and the beginning of Protestant Christianity in India : Vol 2- Christian mission in the Indian context', edited by Andreas Gross et al., Halle: Franckesche Stiftungen, 2006<br /> * &quot;Reconstructions of the Past&quot;, in 'Historical Anthropology', edited by Saurabh Dube, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2007<br /> * &quot;The Status of Christian Women in Kerala&quot;, in 'World Christianity:Critical Concepts in Religious Studies', edited by Elizabeth Koepping, London:Routledge,2010<br /> * &quot;A Cast of Characters,&quot; in 'Remembered Childhood:Essays in Honour of [[Andre Beteille]]', edited by Malvika Karlekar, New Delhi: Oxford University Press,2010<br /> <br /> == Bruce King on Susan Visvanathan's Fiction Writing ==<br /> Literary Critic Bruce King's book Rewriting India:Eight Authors (Oxford University Press, 2014), has a chapter on the literary and fictional writings of Susan Visvanathan. He writes,&quot;Susan Visvanathan's fiction is purposefully anti-autobiographical and is based on her sociological studies, stories she has been told, other fiction, and what she imagined during her travels. Refraining from formulae of consciously Indian literature, her fiction avoids predictability; and that is part of its message, that life is an unpredictable process of change&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;ukcatalogue.oup.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780198099161.do|isbn=978-0-19-809916-1|title=Rewriting India: Eight Writers|date=8 July 2014|publisher=Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> King writes,&quot;The unpredictable quality and structure of Visvanathan's fiction, even its fluctuating tone, is in keeping with her vision and can be attractive. She is an interesting writer&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;ukcatalogue.oup.com&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Visvanathan, Susan}}<br /> [[Category:1957 births]]<br /> [[Category:Jawaharlal Nehru University alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Delhi School of Economics alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian sociologists]]<br /> [[Category:Indian women sociologists]]<br /> [[Category:Social anthropologists]]<br /> [[Category:Sociologists of religion]]<br /> [[Category:Indian ethnographers]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian historians]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian anthropologists]]<br /> [[Category:Indian women anthropologists]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian women scientists]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian scientists]]<br /> [[Category:Indian social sciences writers]]<br /> [[Category:Women educators from Delhi]]<br /> [[Category:Educators from Delhi]]<br /> [[Category:Novelists from Delhi]]<br /> [[Category:Women writers from Delhi]]<br /> [[Category:Indian women historians]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian women novelists]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malabar_Devaswom_Board&diff=515295 2026-04-26T20:12:41Z

<p>Singh142536: created...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Administrative body for Malabar's temples}}<br /> {{notability|Org|date=June 2022}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox organization<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | formation = {{start date and age|1956}}<br /> | type = Trust<br /> | purpose = Management of 1300 temples<br /> | headquarters = [[Kozhikode]]<br /> | location = Malabar Devaswom Board, Housefed Complex, Eranhippalam PO., Kozhikode - 673006.<br /> | region_served = [[Kerala]]<br /> | leader_title = Chairman<br /> | leader_name = Sri.M.R.Murali<br /> | leader_title2 = Executive Officer<br /> | leader_name2 = <br /> | website = {{URL|http://www.malabardevaswom.kerala.gov.in/}}<br /> }}<br /> '''Malabar Devaswom Board''' is a [[Statute|statutory]] and Independent body created for the [[Governance|governing]] and [[management]] of nearly 1401 [[temple]]s in [[South Malabar]] and [[North Malabar]] assigned to it.&lt;ref name=&quot;ma3&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=9 July 2017 |title=List of Temples Maintained By Malabar Devaswom Board Kerala - |language=en-us |publisher=Temples In India Info |url=https://templesinindiainfo.com/list-of-temples-maintained-by-malabar-devaswom-board-kerala/ |access-date=26 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; The board came into existence in its present form on 2 October 2008 following the ''Madras H.R &amp; C.E (Amendment) Act, 2008'' by [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About MDB |url=http://www.malabardevaswom.kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=52&amp;Itemid=53 |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=www.malabardevaswom.kerala.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> <br /> Till Pre-British era temple management was with local members of town. [[Temple]] was a place of many cultural activities and social development place with rest houses, cow dwelling places, community halls etc. In [[Kerala|Northern Kerala]] most temples were controlled by aristocratic families with feudal background.&lt;ref name=&quot;td2&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=8 April 2019 |title=Indian govt won't be any different from British if Hindus can't manage their own temples |publisher=ThePrint |url=https://theprint.in/opinion/indian-govt-wont-be-any-different-from-british-if-hindus-cant-manage-their-own-temples/218210/ |access-date=25 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> With the passing of ''Madras Regulation Act'' in the year 1817, temples were brought under the control of [[East India Company]], a corporate organisation. However, from 1925, temples were brought under government control with the passing of State Religious and Charitable Endowments Act. Under this Act, the state governments exercised power for the formation of Temple Development Boards for major temples with the members from local city. The concept of temple included its premises and wealth and Temple Development Boards for many temples in India are created for the maintenance and governing of the affairs of temple.&lt;ref name=&quot;td1&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=25 March 2021 |title=Why India's temples must be freed from government control |language=en |publisher=Firstpost |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/why-indias-temples-must-be-freed-from-government-control-9460381.html |access-date=25 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thus the temples under [[Malabar District]] came under ''Madras H.R &amp; C.E Act 1926.''<br /> <br /> After [[States Reorganisation Act, 1956]], the temples in erstwhile [[Malabar District]] excluding [[Lakshadweep]] and including [[Kasaragod taluk]] of [[South Canara]] governed by ''Madras H.R &amp; C.E Act 1926'' came under the control of [[Government of Kerala]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ma4&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Kuttoor |first1=Radhakrishnan |date=6 June 2020 |title=Temples in Kerala set to open doors to devotees on June 9 |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/devotees-must-tread-the-cautious-path-when-temples-reopen/article31768799.ece |access-date=26 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Malabar Devaswom Board came into being in 2008, firstly through an ordinance and subsequently through the amendment of the act.<br /> <br /> == Organisation ==<br /> <br /> Temple Development Board includes Chairman, and seven other members appointed by State Government.&lt;ref name=&quot;td6&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Telangana may not invite PM to Yadadri temple function |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/telangana-may-not-invite-pm-to-yadadri-temple-function-101645382703980.html |access-date=25 June 2022 |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=21 February 2022 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Malabar Devaswom Board is presently headed by M.R. Murali, a [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] politician from [[Shoranur]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ma2&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Devaswom Board takes over Mattanur temple in Kerala's Kannur |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/devaswom-board-takes-over-mattanur-temple-in-keralas-kannur20211015041049/ |access-date=26 June 2022 |publisher=ANI News |date=26 June 2022 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;td4&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=22 June 2019 |title='Letting non-Hindus run Hindu temples a mockery of secularism' |publisher=The Sunday Guardian Live |url=https://www.sundayguardianlive.com/news/letting-non-hindus-run-hindu-temples-mockery-secularism |access-date=25 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The temples are managed by a ''Devaswom Commissioner'' from [[Kozhikode]]. Under the commissioner there are five geographical divisions each headed by an ''Assistant Devaswom Commissioner'' namely;<br /> <br /> * [[Kasaragod]] - 215 temples spread across [[Kasaragod district]] and [[Taliparamba]] taluk of [[Kannur district]].<br /> * [[Thalassery]] - 231 temples spread across [[Vatakara]] taluk of [[Kozhikode district|Kozhikode]], [[Mananthavady]] taluk of [[Wayanad district|Wayanad]] and [[Kannur district]]<br /> * [[Kozhikode]] - temples spread across rest of [[Kozhikode district|Kozhikode]] and [[Wayanad district]]s and [[Eranad]] taluk of [[Malappuram district|Malappuram]].<br /> * [[Malappuram]] - nearly 350 temples spread across [[Malappuram district]], [[Ottapalam|Ottapalam taluk]], [[Chavakkad]] and [[Kodungallur]] taluks of [[Thrissur district]].<br /> * [[Palakkad]] - 346 temples in [[Palakkad district]] and one in [[Fort Kochi]]<br /> There are nearly 1401 temples and over 6,000 employees under Malabar Devaswom Board. The temples under board are categorised based on revenue. <br /> <br /> * Super Grade - above 4 crore revenue - 10 temples and 500 staff.<br /> * First Grade - between 75 lakhs and 4 crore revenue - 25 temples and around 1000 staff.<br /> * Second Grade - between 25 lakhs and 75 lakhs - 40 temples and around 250 staff.<br /> * Third Grade - 10 - 25 lakhs revenue.<br /> * Fourth Grade - less than 10 lakhs revenue.<br /> <br /> == Roles and Responsibilities ==<br /> <br /> Roles and Responsibilities of Temple Development Board includes the following:&lt;ref name=&quot;ma1&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Malabar Devaswom Board approves five-fold salary hike for temple staff |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/malabar-devaswom-board-approves-five-fold-salary-hike-for-temple-staff-1.6376485 |access-date=26 June 2022 |publisher=English.Mathrubhumi |date=20 January 2022 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;td3&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Tirupathi temple board to build temple, spiritual centre in J&amp;K, gets land lease for 40 years |url=https://theprint.in/india/tirupathi-temple-board-to-build-temple-spiritual-centre-in-jk-gets-land-lease-for-40-years/632685/ |access-date=25 June 2022 |publisher=ThePrint |date=1 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;td1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;td5&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Firhad Hakim is chairman of Tarakeshwar Development Board, not Mandir Trust |url=http://www.millenniumpost.in/kolkata/kolkata-248405 |access-date=25 June 2022 |publisher=millenniumpost.in |date=21 June 2017 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;td7&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Mungara |first1=Sunil |title=Hyderabad: Yadadri temple getting ready for inaugural {{!}} Hyderabad News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/yadadri-getting-ready-for-inaugural/articleshow/88131790.cms |access-date=25 June 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=7 December 2021 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;td8&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Jammu: Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Shrine Board initiates development of 'Shankaracharya temple' in Katra {{!}} Jammu News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jammu/jammu-shri-mata-vaishno-devi-shrine-board-initiates-development-of-shankaracharya-temple-in-katra/articleshow/90460656.cms |access-date=26 June 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=26 March 2022 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> * Ensuring performance of rituals.<br /> * Ensuring accounting of collections.<br /> * Development and maintenance of temples in other towns.<br /> * Ensuring security of the temple property.<br /> * Ensuring welfare of pilgrims.<br /> * Look after welfare of staff.<br /> * Hygiene preparation of Prasad.<br /> * Road Maintenance and drinking water supply in premises.<br /> <br /> == List of famous temples maintained by the Board ==<br /> Following is the list of famous temples maintained by the Board:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! Sl No || Temple || Division ||Taluk<br /> |-<br /> |1<br /> |[[Rajarajeshwara Temple]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |Kasaragod<br /> |[[Taliparamba]]<br /> |-<br /> |2<br /> |Sree Subrahmanya Swami Temple, Payyannur<br /> |[[Taliparamba]]<br /> |-<br /> |3<br /> |[[Muthappan Temple]], [[Parassinikkadavu]]<br /> |[[Taliparamba]]<br /> |-<br /> |4<br /> |Srimath Anantheshwara Temple, Manjeshwar<br /> |[[Manjeshwaram Taluk|Manjeshwaram]]<br /> |-<br /> |5<br /> |[[Ananthapura Lake Temple]]<br /> |[[Manjeshwaram Taluk|Manjeshwaram]]<br /> |-<br /> |6<br /> |[[Madhur Temple]]<br /> |[[Kasaragod taluk|Kasaragod]]<br /> |-<br /> |7<br /> |Trikkannad Tryambakeshwara Temple<br /> |[[Kasaragod taluk|Kasaragod]]<br /> |-<br /> |8<br /> |[[Madayi Kavu]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Thalassery<br /> |Kannur<br /> |-<br /> |9<br /> |[[Peralasseri|Peralasseri Temple]]<br /> |Kannur<br /> |-<br /> |10<br /> |[[Kottiyoor Temple]]<br /> |Thalaserry<br /> |-<br /> |11<br /> |[[Lokanarkavu Temple]]<br /> |Vatakara<br /> |-<br /> |12<br /> |[[Thirunelli Temple]]<br /> |[[Mananthavady]]<br /> |-<br /> |13<br /> |[[Chinakkathoor Temple]]<br /> |Palakkad<br /> |[[Ottapalam]]<br /> |-<br /> |14<br /> |[[Valayanad Devi Temple]]<br /> |Kozhikode<br /> |[[Kozhikode]]<br /> |-<br /> |15<br /> |[[Mammiyoor Temple]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |Malappuram<br /> |Chavakkad<br /> |-<br /> |16<br /> |[[Thirumandhamkunnu Temple]]<br /> |[[Perinthalmanna]]<br /> |-<br /> |17<br /> |[[Kadampuzha Devi Temple]]<br /> |[[Tirur Taluk|Tirur]]<br /> |-<br /> |18<br /> |[[Thirunavaya Navamukunda Temple]]<br /> |[[Tirur Taluk|Tirur]]<br /> |-<br /> |19<br /> |Thrikkandiyur Shiva Temple<br /> |[[Tirur Taluk|Tirur]]<br /> |-<br /> |20<br /> |[[Vairankode Bhagavathy Temple]]<br /> |[[Tirur Taluk|Tirur]]<br /> |-<br /> |21<br /> |[[Alattiyur Hanuman Temple]]<br /> |[[Tirur Taluk|Tirur]]<br /> |-<br /> |22<br /> |Triprangode Shiva Temple<br /> |Malappuram<br /> |Tirur<br /> |}Sree Parthasarathisaradi Temple Guruvayoor<br /> <br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> * [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]]<br /> * [[Devaswom boards in Kerala]]<br /> * [[Travancore Devaswom Board]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * [http://www.malabardevaswom.kerala.gov.in/ Official Website]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Hindu organisations based in India]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sakunthala_(1966_film)&diff=532075 2026-04-21T05:33:21Z

<p>Singh142536: Created new article</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Sakunthala<br /> | image = Shakuntala (1966 film).jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | writer = [[Samudrala Sr.|Samudrala Sr]] {{small|(dialogues)}}<br /> | screenplay = <br /> | producer = {{ubl|Lakshmi Rajyam|Sridhar Rao}}<br /> | director = [[Kamalakara Kameswara Rao]]<br /> | starring = {{ubl|[[N. T. Rama Rao]]|[[B. Saroja Devi]]}}<br /> | narrator = <br /> | music = [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]]<br /> | cinematography = M. A. Rehman<br /> | editing = Veerappa<br /> | story = <br /> | based_on = Life of ''[[Shakuntala]]''<br /> | studio = Rajyam Productions<br /> | distributor = <br /> | released = {{Film date|df=y|1966|3|3}}<br /> | runtime = 162 mins<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Telugu<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Sakunthala''''' is a 1966 [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Hindu mythological film]] directed by [[Kamalakara Kameswara Rao]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Thurlapati|date=27 March 1966|title=చిత్ర సమీక్ష: శకుంతల|language=te|trans-title=Film review: Sakuntala|work=[[Andhra Jyothi]]|url=https://indiancine.ma/document/GDK/0,403,1859,1228|access-date=5 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=27 March 1966|title=సినిమా : శకుంతల|language=te|trans-title=Cinema: Sakuntala|work=[[Andhra Jyothi]]|url=https://indiancine.ma/document/GDM|access-date=5 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film stars [[N. T. Rama Rao]] and [[B. Saroja Devi]], with music composed by [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]]. It is produced by Lakshmi Rajyam and Sridhar Rao under the Rajyam Productions banner.<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> The film begins with [[Indra]]'s attempts to foil [[Vishvamitra]]'s penance and edicts [[Menaka]] when the two are glad for a baby girl. Anyhow, they ostracize her, and [[Kanva]] raises her as [[Shakuntala]] because birds cover her. Years roll by, and [[Dushyanta]] the empire of [[Hastinapur]] once guests in their ashram while hunting in Kanva&quot;s absence. Plus, he shields them from the impediments to their &quot;Yaga&quot; by the demons. Whereat, Dushyanta spots Shakuntala, crushes, and splices her as per the [[Gandharva]]. Before returning, he gifts his royal ring to her as a token of love. One day, [[Durvasa]] visits, but Shakuntala loses her thoughts and fails to greet him when he curses that the one she dreams of will forget her. Afterward, he calms and states that he will regain his memory by viewing his token. Time passes, Shakuntala conceives, and Kanva conveys her to Dushyanta.<br /> <br /> Midway, while crossing a river, the ring slips off Shakuntala&quot; 's finger and is swallowed by a fish. After landing therein, Dushyanta fails to recognize her. Humiliated, Shakuntala exits, and [[Kashyapa]] shelters her, where she delivers [[Bharata (Mahabharata)|Bharata]]. The anglers detect the ring in the belly of a fish and hand it to Dushyanta, who retrieves the past. He rushes for Shakuntala but in vain. In that state of his incompetence, Dushyanta turns into grievous. At that moment, Indra calls upon him to heaven for a battle in which he triumphs. Amidst return, Dushyanta enters Kashyapa's ashram, where he is startled to look at a boy playing with wild animals who carry him to his mother, Shakuntala. Dushyanta pleads pardon from her, and she too comprehends the mishap is due to Durvasa's curse. At last, the couple reunites, and Visvamitra &amp; Kanva get here and bless Bharata as [[India]]'s greatest ruler. Finally, the movie ends happily with the crowning ceremony of Bharata.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> *[[N. T. Rama Rao]] as [[Dushyanta]]<br /> *[[B. Saroja Devi]] as [[Shakuntala|Sakunthala]]<br /> *[[V. Nagayya|Nagayya]] as [[Kanva|Kanva Maharshi]]<br /> *[[Relangi (actor)|Relangi]] as Achigadu, fisherman<br /> *[[Ramana Reddy]] as Buchigadu, fisherman<br /> *[[Padmanabham (actor)|Padmanabham]] as Madhavya<br /> *[[Mukkamala (actor)|Mukkamala]] as [[Vishvamitra|Visvamitra]]<br /> *K.V.S.Sharma as [[Durvasa]]<br /> *[[Geetanjali (actress)|Geetanjali]] as Anasuya<br /> *[[Sarada (actress)|Sarada]] as Priyamvada<br /> *[[Pushpavalli]] as Raja Maata<br /> *[[E. V. Saroja]] as [[Menaka]]<br /> *[[Nirmalamma]] as Arya Gowthami<br /> *[[Kutty Padmini|Baby Kutty Padmini]] as [[Bharata (Mahabharata)|Bharata]]<br /> *[[Vangara Venkata Subbaiah|Vangara]] as Raja Guru<br /> *[[Nirmalamma]] as Gautami<br /> *[[Allu Ramalingaiah]] as Gold merchant<br /> *[[Lanka Satyam]] as Boatman<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Sakunthala<br /> | type = film<br /> | artist = [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]]<br /> | cover = <br /> | alt = <br /> | released = 1966<br /> | recorded = <br /> | venue = <br /> | studio = <br /> | genre = Soundtrack<br /> | length = 47:27<br /> | label = <br /> | producer = [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]]<br /> | prev_title = [[Paramanandayya Sishyula Katha]]<br /> | prev_year = 1966<br /> | next_title = Paaduka Pattabhishekam<br /> | next_year = 1966<br /> }}<br /> <br /> Music was composed by [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]]. <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !S. No.!!Song title !!Lyrics !!Singers !!length<br /> |-<br /> |1<br /> |&quot;Kanaraa Munisekharaa&quot;<br /> |[[Samudrala Sr.]]<br /> |[[P. Susheela]]<br /> |3:02<br /> |-<br /> |2<br /> |&quot;Sadasiva&quot;<br /> |Slokam<br /> |[[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]]<br /> |0:35<br /> |-<br /> |3<br /> |&quot;Madhura Madhura&quot;<br /> |[[Aarudhra]]<br /> |P. Susheela<br /> |3:55<br /> |-<br /> |4<br /> |&quot;Anaaghraatam&quot;<br /> |[[Kālidāsa]]<br /> |Ghantasala<br /> |1:06<br /> |-<br /> |5<br /> |&quot;Madilo Mounamugaa&quot;<br /> |[[C. Narayana Reddy]]<br /> |Ghantasala<br /> |3:58<br /> |-<br /> |6<br /> |&quot;Nirdayaa&quot;<br /> |Samudrala Sr.<br /> |P. Susheela<br /> |1:08<br /> |-<br /> |7<br /> |&quot;Challani&quot;<br /> |[[Kandukuri Veeresalingam]]<br /> |Ghantasala<br /> |1:55<br /> |-<br /> |8<br /> |&quot;Taratama Bhedamu&quot;<br /> |Samudrala Sr.<br /> |Ghantasala<br /> |1:26<br /> |-<br /> |9<br /> |&quot;Neevu Nenu Kalisina Naade&quot;<br /> |C. Narayana Reddy<br /> |Ghantasala, P. Susheela<br /> |3:34<br /> |-<br /> |10<br /> |&quot;Sarasana Neevunte&quot;<br /> |[[Daasarathi Krishnamacharyulu|Dasaradhi]]<br /> |Ghantasala, P. Susheela<br /> |3:59<br /> |-<br /> |11<br /> |&quot;Yaasyestyadjye&quot;<br /> |Kālidāsa<br /> |Ghantasala<br /> |1:23<br /> |-<br /> |12<br /> |&quot;Guru Janamula&quot;<br /> |Samudrala Sr.<br /> |Ghantasala<br /> |5:23<br /> |-<br /> |13<br /> |&quot;Chengayi Kattina&quot;<br /> |[[Kosaraju Raghavaiah|Kosaraju]]<br /> |Ghantasala<br /> |3:21<br /> |-<br /> |14<br /> |&quot;Ammaa Sakunthalaa&quot;<br /> |[[Sri Sri (writer)|Sri Sri]]<br /> |[[P. Leela]]<br /> |3:18<br /> |-<br /> |15<br /> |&quot;Paathaa Kaalam Naati&quot;<br /> |Kosaraju<br /> |[[Madhavapeddi Satyam]], [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao|Pithapuram]], Raghavulu<br /> |2:41<br /> |-<br /> |16<br /> |&quot;Naa Kanti Papa Vainaa&quot;<br /> |Dasaradhi<br /> |P. Susheela<br /> |3:34<br /> |-<br /> |17<br /> |&quot;Ammaa Saranammaa&quot;<br /> |Samudrala Sr.<br /> |P. Susheela<br /> |3:09<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{IMDb title|0263986}}<br /> <br /> {{Kamalakara Kameswara Rao}}<br /> {{Shakuntala}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Hindu mythological films]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Kamalakara Kameswara Rao]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Ghantasala (musician)]]<br /> [[Category:Films based on the Mahabharata]]<br /> [[Category:Films based on works by Kalidasa]]<br /> [[Category:Works based on Shakuntala (play)]]<br /> [[Category:1966 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:1966 Telugu-language films]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Godda_Assembly_constituency&diff=500694 2026-04-19T19:17:25Z

<p>Singh142536: starting basic article from scratch</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Godda<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | state = Jharkhand<br /> | established = 2000<br /> | abolished = <br /> | electors = 2,88,545<br /> | mla = [[Sanjay Prasad Yadav]]<br /> | party = {{Party index link|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}<br /> | alliance = {{Party index link|Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand)}}<br /> | constituency_no = 17<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<br /> | district = [[Godda district|Godda]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Godda Lok Sabha constituency|Godda]]<br /> | reservation = None<br /> | incumbent_image = Sanjay Prasad Yadav.jpg<br /> | map_image = Godda constituency map.svg<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Godda Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jharkhand]].&lt;ref name=jhceo&gt;{{cite web |url=http://164.100.150.3/ceoweb_bk/ACPCList.htm |title=AC &amp; PC List- Jharkhand |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218152343/http://164.100.150.3/ceoweb_bk/ACPCList.htm |archive-date=18 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Overview==<br /> Godda Assembly constituency covers: Godda Police Station (excluding Burhikura, Dammajhilua, Sandmara, Nonbatta, Makhni, Pathra and Punsiya gram panchayats) and Pathargama Police Station in Godda district.&lt;ref name=delimitation&gt;{{cite web|url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title = Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India|publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 26 January 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Godda Assembly constituency is part of [[Godda (Lok Sabha constituency)]].&lt;ref name=delimitation/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Members of Legislative Assembly ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Election<br /> ! Member<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=4|[[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2|[[1952 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1952]] ||Budhinath Kairav Jha || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |Babulal Tudu (Godda Damin constituency) || {{Full party name with color|Jharkhand Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2|[[1957 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1957]] ||Manilal Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Jharkhand Party}} <br /> |-<br /> |Chunka Hembrom || {{Full party name with color|Independent}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1962 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1962]] ||rowspan=2|Deep Narain Chaudhary || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1967 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1969 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1969]] ||rowspan=2|Hemant Kumar Jha || {{Full party name with color|Samyukta Socialist Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1972 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1977]] ||Lakhan Mahto || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1980 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1980]] ||Hemant Kumar Jha || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1985]] ||rowspan=2|Sumrit Mandal || {{Full party name with color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1995]] ||Rajnish Anand || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]] ||[[Sanjay Prasad Yadav]] || {{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=4|[[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2005 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2005]] || Manohar Kumar Tekariwal || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[2009 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2009]] || [[Sanjay Prasad Yadav]] || {{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[2014 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2014]] || [[Raghu Nandan Mandal]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2019]] || Amit Kumar Mandal <br /> |-<br /> | [[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2024]] || [[Sanjay Prasad Yadav]] || {{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Election results ==<br /> ===Assembly Election 2024===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Godda&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=Jharkhand Assembly Election Results 2024 - Seats won by JMM |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/partywisewinresult-852S27.htm |access-date=24 November 2024 |date=24 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241124045445/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/partywisewinresult-852S27.htm |archive-date=24 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sanjay Prasad Yadav]] |party=Rashtriya Janata Dal |votes=1,09,487 |percentage=49.56% |change={{increase}}6.18 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Amit Kumar Mandal]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=88,016 |percentage=39.84% |change={{decrease}}5.90 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Parimal Kumar Thakur |party=Jharkhand Loktantrik Krantikari Morcha |votes=9,237 |percentage=4.18% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shahid Raja |party=Independent politician |votes=3,248 |percentage=1.47% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ranjit Kumar |party=Azad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram) |votes=1,530 |percentage=0.69% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shree Ram Turi |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,371 |percentage=0.62% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=2,308 |percentage=1.04% |change={{decrease}}0.38 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=21,471 |percentage=9.72% |change= {{increase}}7.36 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=2,20,916 |percentage=70.22% |change= {{increase}}3.86 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 3,14,588 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.03 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Rashtriya Janata Dal |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}3.82 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 2019===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Godda&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/11813-jharkhand-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Jharkhand Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=9 February 2022 |date=6 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Amit Kumar Mandal]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=87,578 |percentage=45.74% |change={{decrease}}6.63 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sanjay Prasad Yadav]] |party=Rashtriya Janata Dal |votes=83,066 |percentage=43.38% |change={{increase}}12.56 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ravindra Mahto |party=Janata Dal (United) |votes=6,417 |percentage=3.35% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Phool Kumari |party=Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) |votes=1,728 |percentage=0.90% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Noor Hassan |party=Peace Party of India |votes=1,708 |percentage=0.89% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Awadhesh Kumar Singh |party=All Jharkhand Students Union |votes=1,596 |percentage=0.83% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rabindra Shankar Mishra |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=1,019 |percentage=0.53% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=2,731 |percentage=1.43% |change={{decrease}}0.02 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,512 |percentage=2.36% |change= {{decrease}}19.19 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=1,91,478 |percentage=66.36% |change= {{increase}}6.76 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,88,545 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.22 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}6.63 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly By-election 2016===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2016 elections in India#Jharkhand|2016 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly by-election]]: Godda&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/ByeElection/2016/Bye-electionPCAC_Jan-June2016.xlsx|title=Bye-Election Results - Election Commission of India|access-date=15 January 2025|archive-url= |archive-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Amit Kumar Mandal]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=83,987 |percentage=52.37% |change={{increase}}3.67 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sanjay Prasad Yadav |party=Rashtriya Janata Dal |votes=49,436 |percentage=30.82% |change={{increase}}1.39 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sanjiv Marik Yadav |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=18,337 |percentage=11.43% |change={{increase}}1.75 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hasina Ansari |party=Independent politician |votes=1,981 |percentage=1.24% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ashok Tiwari |party=Independent politician |votes=1,210 |percentage=0.75% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=2,322 |percentage=1.45% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=34,551 |percentage=21.54% |change= {{increase}}2.27 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=1,60,385 |percentage=60.46% |change= {{decrease}}6.50 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,69,112 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}0.62 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}3.67 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 2014===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Godda&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3787-jharkhand-2014/ |title=Jharkhand General Legislative Election 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Raghu Nandan Mandal]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=87,158 |percentage=48.70% |change={{increase}}23.89 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sanjay Prasad Yadav]] |party=Rashtriya Janata Dal |votes=52,672 |percentage=29.43% |change={{decrease}}1.63 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajesh Kumar Sah |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=17,329 |percentage=9.68% |change={{decrease}}6.62 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sanjeev Anand |party=Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) |votes=6,994 |percentage=3.91% |change={{decrease}}5.40 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bindeshwari Prasad Sah |party=Independent politician |votes=2,678 |percentage=1.50% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hasina Ansari |party=Independent politician |votes=1,660 |percentage=0.93% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Viveka Nand Mishra |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,346 |percentage=0.75% |change={{decrease}}3.39 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=2,889 |percentage=1.61% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=34,486 |percentage=19.27% |change= {{increase}}13.02 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=1,78,980 |percentage=66.09% |change= {{increase}}7.91 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,70,793 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.50 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Rashtriya Janata Dal |swing= {{increase}}17.64 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 2009===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Godda&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3786-jharkhand-2009/ |title=Jharkhand 2009 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=20 August 2018 |access-date= 23 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sanjay Prasad Yadav]] |party=Rashtriya Janata Dal |votes=43,502 |percentage=31.06% |change={{increase}}8.67 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Raghu Nandan Mandal]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=34,747 |percentage=24.81% |change={{decrease}}7.15 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Manohar Kumar Tekriwal |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=22,832 |percentage=16.30% |change={{increase}}2.20 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajesh Kumar |party=Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) |votes=13,031 |percentage=9.30% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suresh Kumar Mahto |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=5,803 |percentage=4.14% |change={{increase}}1.18 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mujiv Alam |party=Independent politician |votes=3,234 |percentage=2.31% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kumar Jitendra |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=1,687 |percentage=1.20% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,755 |percentage=6.25% |change= {{decrease}}3.32 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=1,40,057 |percentage=58.18% |change= {{increase}}0.97 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,40,715 |ref = |change= {{increase}}0.65 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Rashtriya Janata Dal |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}0.90 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 2005===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2005 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Godda&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3785-jharkhand-2005/ |title=Jharkhand General Legislative Election 2005 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Manohar Kumar Tekariwal |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=43,728 |percentage=31.96% |change={{increase}}14.04 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sanjay Prasad Yadav]] |party=Rashtriya Janata Dal |votes=30,639 |percentage=22.39% |change={{decrease}}0.91 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajnish Anand |party=Indian National Congress |votes=23,877 |percentage=17.45% |change={{increase}}3.42 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prem Nandan Kumar |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=19,290 |percentage=14.10% |change={{increase}}1.40 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Pratap Narayan |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=4,057 |percentage=2.97% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dukh Mochan Chaudhary |party=All Jharkhand Students Union |votes=2,600 |percentage=1.90% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Deoraj Dubey |party=Independent politician |votes=1,817 |percentage=1.33% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,089 |percentage=9.57% |change= {{increase}}4.18 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=1,36,824 |percentage=57.21% |change= {{decrease}}7.37 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,39,166 |ref = |change= {{increase}}16.97 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Rashtriya Janata Dal |swing= {{increase}}8.65 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 2000===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Godda&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url = https://ceobihar.nic.in/BiharElection/Statistical%20Report/2000.pdf |title = Statistical Report on General Election, 2000 to the Legislative Assembly of Bihar|access-date = 16 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005142035/https://ceobihar.nic.in/BiharElection/Statistical%20Report/2000.pdf |archive-date= 5 October 2023 |website=ceobihar.nic.in |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Bihar}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sanjay Prasad Yadav]] |party=Rashtriya Janata Dal |votes=30,774 |percentage=23.30% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dukh Mochan Choudhary |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=23,663 |percentage=17.92% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajnis Anand |party=Indian National Congress |votes=18,522 |percentage=14.03% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Raghu Nandan Mandal]] |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=17,658 |percentage=13.37% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prem Nandan Kumar |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=16,774 |percentage=12.70% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Wahab |party=Communist Party of India |votes=13,930 |percentage=10.55% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Haldhar Mandal |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation |votes=6,338 |percentage=4.80% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,111 |percentage=5.39% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=1,32,049 |percentage=65.61% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,04,474 |ref = |change= }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner=Rashtriya Janata Dal |loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Vidhan Sabha]]<br /> *[[List of states of India by type of legislature]]<br /> *[[Pathargama]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Santhal Pargana Division topics}}<br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Jharkhand}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Jharkhand]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Jharkhand]]<br /> [[Category:Godda district]]<br /> [[Category:2000 establishments in Jharkhand]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2000]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Law_(Kerala)&diff=496258 2026-04-19T11:03:05Z

<p>Singh142536: starting first entry needs work</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Government department of Kerala, India}}<br /> {{Infobox government agency<br /> | agency_name = Law Department, &lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[Government of Kerala]]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | native_name = <br /> | type = Department<br /> | logo = Government of Kerala Logo black.jpg<br /> | jurisdiction = <br /> | headquarters = [[Government Secretariat, Thiruvananthapuram]]<br /> | minister1_name = [[P. Rajeev (Kerala)|P. Rajeev]]<br /> | minister1_pfo = Minister for Law<br /> | chief1_name = K. G. Sanal Kumar<br /> | chief1_position = Law Secretary<br /> | parent_department = <br /> | website = https://lawsect.kerala.gov.in/<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The Law Department is a department of the [[Government of Kerala]] responsible for the legal and legislative affairs of the State. The Law Department functions as a distinct and independent department within the Government Secretariat, entrusted with the legal and legislative responsibilities of the State Government. It has its headquarters in [[Kerala Government Secretariat]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The Kerala Law Department Manual |url=https://lawsect.kerala.gov.in/english/images/pdf/law_dept_manu_eng.pdf |website=Law Department, Government of Kerala |access-date=1 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ==Governance and administration==<br /> The department is under the charge of the minister for law. The incumbent minister for law is [[P. Rajeev (Kerala)|P. Rajeev]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Law department looking into rule amendment on tree-felling on title deed land: Minister|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/law-department-looking-into-rule-amendment-on-tree-felling-on-title-deed-land-minister/article68339583.ece|work=The Hindu|date=2024-06-27|access-date=2025-12-02|issn=0971-751X|language=en-IN|first=The Hindu|last=Bureau}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=SC Verdict on Governors and Bills a Win for Democracy, Says Kerala Law Minister|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/kerala/sc-verdict-on-bills-a-victory-for-democracy-and-federalism-says-kerala-law-minister-3491924|website=Deccan Herald|access-date=2025-12-02|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> It is administratively headed by the Law Secretary, supported by additional, joint, deputy, and under secretaries at the Secretariat.<br /> <br /> The Law Secretary is usually a judicial officer, unlike in other government departments where the Secretary to Government is typically an [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] officer.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; The incumbent Law Secretary to Government is K. G. Sanal Kumar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=K.G. Sanal Kumar is new Law Secretary|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/kg-sanal-kumar-is-new-law-secretary/article67115779.ece|work=The Hindu|date=2023-07-24|access-date=2025-12-02|issn=0971-751X|language=en-IN|first=Sudhi K.|last=S 5931}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Functions==<br /> The department provides legal advice to the Government, drafts and scrutinises legislation, ordinances, rules, and notifications, and handles matters related to government litigation.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The Kerala Law Department Manual |url=https://lawsect.kerala.gov.in/english/images/pdf/law_dept_manu_eng.pdf |website=Law Department, Government of Kerala |access-date=1 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * General administration of the department <br /> * Legislative drafting and related work, including:<br /> ** Preparation of legislative proposals<br /> ** Legislative project <br /> ** Legislation&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=State to enact legislation to mitigate man-animal conflict|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/state-to-enact-legislation-to-mitigate-man-animal-conflict/article69773576.ece|work=The Hindu|date=2025-07-04|access-date=2025-12-02|issn=0971-751X|language=en-IN|first=The Hindu|last=Bureau}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ** Unification of laws<br /> * Legal advice to government departments<br /> * Subsidiary Legislation<br /> * Publications, including statutory materials<br /> * Translation of legal and legislative documents<br /> ==Autonomous institutions==<br /> * [[Advocate general (India)|Office of the Advocate General]], Kerala&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Finance dept opposes, but CM disposes big pay hike to Kerala law officers|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2025/02/21/finance-department-opposes-chief-minister-disposes-big-pay-hike-kerala-law-officers.html|website=www.onmanorama.com|access-date=2025-12-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Kerala State Human Rights Commission]] (KSHRC)<br /> * [[Kerala State Legal Services Authority]] (KeLSA) <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Government of Kerala]]<br /> * [[Directorate of Prosecution (Kerala)]]<br /> * [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]] <br /> * [[Kerala High Court|High Court of Kerala]]<br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> [[Category:Government departments of Kerala]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cheria-Bariarpur_Assembly_constituency&diff=493867 2026-04-16T04:49:32Z

<p>Singh142536: starting a data w/ sources</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> |name = Cheria-Bariarpur <br /> |type= SLA<br /> | map_image = 141-Cheria-Bariarpur constituency.svg<br /> | map_caption = <br /> | map_alt = <br /> |mla = [[Abhishek Anand]]<br /> | party = {{Party index link|Janata Dal (United)}}<br /> | alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]] &lt;!--Year of the last election. Leave blank for former constituencies--&gt;<br /> |region = <br /> |state = [[Bihar]]<br /> |district =[[Begusarai district|Begusarai]] <br /> |division = <br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Begusarai Lok Sabha constituency]]<br /> |constituency_no = 141<br /> |established = 1977<br /> | electors = 272,019<br /> |reservation =None<br /> |abolished = &lt;!-- year abolished --&gt;<br /> }}<br /> '''Cheria-Bariarpur''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Begusarai district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Bihar]].<br /> <br /> ==Overview==<br /> As per Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No. 141 Cheria Bariarpur Assembly constituency is composed of the following: Cheria-Bariarpur, Khodabandpur and Chaurahi [[Community Development Block in India|community development blocks]]; Pahsara (West) and Maheshwara [[gram panchayat]]s of Nawkothi CD Block.&lt;ref name=commission&gt;{{cite web|url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title = Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India|work= Schedule VI Bihar, Part A – Assembly constituencies, Part B – Parliamentary constituencies |access-date = 10 January 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Cheria-Bariarpur Assembly constituency is part of No. 24 [[Begusarai (Lok Sabha constituency)]].&lt;ref name=commission/&gt; The constituency is dominated by people belonging to [[Koeri|Kushwaha]] caste.&lt;ref name=&quot;election2018&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.aajtak.in/india/bihar/story/muzaffarpur-balika-grih-case-minister-manju-verma-husband-chandrashekhar-visit-jdu-559186-2018-08-03|title= Manju Varma, JD(U) ex-minister who had to resign over Muzaffarpur scandal, loses to RJD|website=The print|date= 3 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> !Year<br /> !Name&lt;ref name=&quot;election2018-1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cheria Bariarpur Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/cheria-bariarpur.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Party<br /> |-<br /> |[[1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br /> |Harihar Mahto<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1980 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br /> |[[Sukhdeo Mahto]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<br /> |Harihar Mahto<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ram Jiwan Singh<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1995]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]]<br /> |Ashok Kumar<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[February 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Anil Choudhary<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Lok Janshakti Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[October 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2010]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Manju Verma]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (United)|dab=y|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2015]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020]]<br /> |[[Raj Banshi Mahto]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}<br /> |-<br /> |2025&lt;ref name=&quot;2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Results: Cheria-Bariarpur&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=14 November 2025 |title=2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Results: Cheria-Bariarpur |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04141.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251213150621/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04141.htm |archivedate=13 December 2025 |accessdate=13 December 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cheria Bariarpur Constituency Election Results 2015 - 2025&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=14 November 2025 |title=Cheria Bariarpur Constituency Election Results 2015 - 2025 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/constituency-show/cheria-bariarpur |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251213150632/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/constituency-show/cheria-bariarpur |archivedate=13 December 2025 |accessdate=13 December 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |[[Abhishek Anand]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (United)|dab=y}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> === 2025 ===<br /> {{Election box begin<br /> |title = [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Cheria-Bariarpur&lt;ref name=&quot;2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Results: Cheria-Bariarpur&quot;/&gt;<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> |party = Janata Dal (United)<br /> |candidate = Abhishek Anand<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:75081}}<br /> |percentage = 39.24<br /> |change = +20.97<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Rashtriya Janata Dal<br /> |candidate = Sushil Kumar<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:70962}}<br /> |percentage = 37.09<br /> |change = -8.13<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Jan Suraaj Party<br /> |candidate = Mritunjay Kumar<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:24595}}<br /> |percentage = 12.86<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Ram Sakha Mahto<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:7537}}<br /> |percentage = 3.94<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Vijay Tanti<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:2483}}<br /> |percentage = 1.3<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:5151}}<br /> |percentage = 2.69<br /> |change = +1.81<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:4119}}<br /> |percentage = 2.15<br /> |change = -24.8<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:191316}}<br /> |percentage = 70.33<br /> |change = +9.43<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link<br /> |winner = Janata Dal (United)<br /> |loser = Rashtriya Janata Dal<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> === 2020 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title=[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Bihar Assembly election, 2020]]: Cheria-Bariarpur&lt;ref name=&quot;election2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-01-13 |title=Bihar General Legislative Election 2020 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/12787-bihar-legislative-election-2020/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> |candidate = [[Raj Banshi Mahto]]<br /> |party = Rashtriya Janata Dal<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:68635}}<br /> |percentage = 45.22<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |candidate = [[Manju Verma]]<br /> |party = Janata Dal (United)<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:27738}}<br /> |percentage = 18.27<br /> |change = -32.1<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |candidate = Rakhi Devi<br /> |party = Lok Janshakti Party<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:25437}}<br /> |percentage = 16.76<br /> |change = -12.15<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Rashtriya Lok Samta Party<br /> |candidate = Sudarshan Singh<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:10591}}<br /> |percentage = 6.98<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Vatsa Purushottam<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:3321}}<br /> |percentage = 2.19<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Subodh Kumar Jha<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:2872}}<br /> |percentage = 1.89<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Sudama Paswan<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:2541}}<br /> |percentage = 1.67<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Ranjeet Yadav<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:1494}}<br /> |percentage = 0.98<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:1335}}<br /> |percentage = 0.88<br /> |change = -3.26<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:40897}}<br /> |percentage = 26.95<br /> |change = +5.49<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:151791}}<br /> |percentage = 60.9<br /> |change = +1.06<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link<br /> | <br /> |winner = Rashtriya Janata Dal<br /> |loser = Janata Dal (United)<br /> |swing = 26.95%<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> === 2015 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Bihar Assembly election, 2015]]: Cheria-Bariarpur&lt;ref name=&quot;Cheria Bariarpur Constituency Election Results 2015 - 2025&quot;/&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> |candidate = [[Manju Verma]]<br /> |party = Janata Dal (United)<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:69795}}<br /> |percentage = 50.37<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |candidate = Anil Kumar Chaudhary<br /> |party = Lok Janshakti Party<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:40059}}<br /> |percentage = 28.91<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Communist Party of India<br /> |candidate = Md. Abdul Hafiz Khan<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:8092}}<br /> |percentage = 5.84<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Rashtravadi Janata Party<br /> |candidate = Raj Kishor Yadav<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:3168}}<br /> |percentage = 2.29<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bahujan Mukti Party<br /> |candidate = Sarjan Sahani<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:2682}}<br /> |percentage = 1.94<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Sarvajan Kalyan Loktantrik Party<br /> |candidate = Laxmi Mahto<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:2513}}<br /> |percentage = 1.81<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Pradip Paswan<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:1890}}<br /> |percentage = 1.36<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Rakesh Kumar Varama<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:1839}}<br /> |percentage = 1.33<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |candidate = Arun Paswan<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:1634}}<br /> |percentage = 1.18<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:5740}}<br /> |percentage = 4.14<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:29736}}<br /> |percentage = 21.46<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:138565}}<br /> |percentage = 59.84<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> ===2010===<br /> In the [[2010 Bihar legislative assembly election|2010 state assembly elections]], Manju Verma of [[Janata Dal (United)|JD(U)]] won the Cheria Bariarpur seat defeating her nearest rival Anil Kumar Chaudhary of [[Lok Jan Shakti Party|LJP]]. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners up are being mentioned. Anil Chaudhary of LJP defeated Kumari Savitri of [[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]] in [[Bihar Assembly Election, Oct 2005|October 2005]] and Radha Krishna Singh of RJD in [[Bihar Assembly Election, Feb 2005|February 2005]]. Ashok Kumar of RJD defeated Anil Chaudhary of JD(U) in 2000. Ram Jeewan Singh of [[Janata Dal|JD]] defeated Late Sri Sukh Deo Mahato of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] in 1995 and Late Sri Sukhdeo Mahato, Independent, in 1990. Harihar Mahato of Congress defeated Late Sri Sukhdeo Mahato of [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] in 1985. Late Sri Sukhdeo Mahato of CPI defeated Harihar Mahato of Congress (I) in 1980. Harihar Mahato of Congress defeated Jubair Azam Zaffri of [[Janata Party]].&lt;ref name=&quot;election1977&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Cheria Bariapur Election Results since 1977 |url=http://www.travelindia-guide.com/assembly-elections/bihar/constituency-results/cheria-bariarpur.php |access-date=1 November 2011 |publisher=Travel India Guide}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;election2012&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=108 - Cheria Bariarpur Assembly Constituency |url=http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S04/partycomp108.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425122345/http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S04/partycomp108.htm |archive-date=25 April 2012 |access-date=1 November 2011 |work=Partywise Comparison Since 1977 |publisher=Election Commission of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{cite web |title=Results of all Bihar Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/68-bihar/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}<br /> <br /> {{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Bihar}}<br /> {{Munger Division topics}}<br /> {{coord|25|56|18|N|86|05|57|E|region:IN-{{IndAbbr|[[Bihar]]}}|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Bihar]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Begusarai district]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1977]]<br /> [[Category:1977 establishments in Bihar]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Millang&diff=517624 2026-04-13T21:03:05Z

<p>Singh142536: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Subgroup of the Adi people found in Assam, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}<br /> {{more citations needed|date=May 2012}}<br /> The '''[[Milang tribe]]''' (alternately '''Millang''', '''Malaa''', or '''Holon''') are a sub-group of the [[Adi people]] found in [[Arunachal Pradesh]] and nearby [[Rigbi]], [[Jonai]], in the Indian state of [[Assam]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Matisoff |first=James A. |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Languages_and_Dialects_of_Tibeto_Burman/BU_uW43oIC0C |title=Languages and Dialects of Tibeto-Burman |date=1995 |publisher=Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus Project, Centers for South and Southeast Asia Studies, University of California, Berkeley |isbn=978-0-944613-26-9 |page=63 |language=en |quote=Milang a subtribe and dialect of Adi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Etymology==<br /> The term ''Milang'' is an [[exonym]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Post&quot;&gt;<br /> {{cite journal<br /> |title=Language contact and the genetic position of Milang in Tibeto-Burman<br /> |last1=Post|first1=Mark W.<br /> |last2=Modi|first2=Yankee<br /> |url=https://unibe-ch.academia.edu/MarkWPost/Papers/229667/Language_contact_and_the_genetic_position_of_Milang_in_Tibeto-Burman<br /> |journal=Anthropological Linguistics<br /> |date=<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; Members of the tribe call themselves ''Malaa''.<br /> <br /> == Language ==<br /> {{Unreferenced-section|date=May 2021}}<br /> {{main|Milang language}}<br /> The Malay people use a dialect unintelligible to most other subgroups of Adi. Several theories explain the dialect's creation, but most of the Malaa maintain they adopted it from the Soi-stem who inhabited their lands long before the Malaa people settled there. The Malaa still mention and remember the Soi-system people, who they claim migrated to other places, in their ballads, through lyrics like:<br /> <br /> : ''Soi belu kettunge, Sotem belu kettunge''.<br /> <br /> The Soi-system was believed to have originated from Kalang Ade, the highest peak in the land of the Malaa beyond which is the land of Idu Mishmi tribe.<br /> <br /> ==Religion==<br /> {{Unreferenced-section|date=May 2021}}<br /> <br /> The Malaa are adherents of indigenous [[Donyi-Polo|Donyi-Poloism]], the practice of praying to the Sun Goddess and The Moon God. The priests, called ''Madar'' in Malaa, are believed to be the intermediaries between the natural, human world and the Spiritual, or supernatural world. Male priests are connected with the act of divination while the female priests are related to the healing of sickness. The priesthood is a hereditary practice, passed from generation to generation in a family. One particular ritual called ''Lulu'' involves the sacrificing of an animal to cure a disease. Whenever there is an epidemic or disease breakout in a village, the villagers construct a gate at the entrance of the village and a dog is sacrificed by hanging with its intestines sagging out. This ritual is called ''Lukan''.<br /> <br /> ''Aid Madar Bemmanu'', a ritualistic dance, is performed throughout the night. During this dance, priests bargain to appease the spirits to release the souls of diseased people in exchange for gifts. The priests examine the liver of a chicken, read omens, and use those to interpret the nature of the disease and a corresponding sacrifice to be made to heal the ill.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !Festival Name<br /> !Date<br /> |-<br /> |Aran<br /> |7 March<br /> |-<br /> |Solung Editor<br /> |15 May<br /> |-<br /> |Solung (Lune)<br /> |1 September<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Geography==<br /> {{Unreferenced-section|date=May 2021}}<br /> The Malaa land lies approximately between 94-95 degree N latitude and 28-29 degree E longitude in the [[Upper Siang district]]. Their land extends to the ''Change'' and ''Felo'' hills in the north. To the south and the east, they are bounded by the land of the [[Padam tribe|Padams]].<br /> <br /> Their land is a rich source of ''[[Aconitum]]'' plant (variously known as monk's hood or wolf's bane), the source of the powerful poison [[aconitine]], which the Milang historically used on their spears and arrows during battle. The ''Anglo-Abor wars'' between 1835 and 1912 saw massive use of 'EMO'(called AMU in Millang) which was supplied from Peki Modi village against the invading British forces.<br /> <br /> The principal rivers are Sidip, Yamane, Yammeng, Satamak, and Chapel.<br /> <br /> Millang, Dabbing, and Peki Modi are their important ancestral villages. They now inhabit the hills and the valleys of [[East Siang district|East Siang]], [[Upper Siang district|Upper Siang]], and [[Lower Dibang Valley district|Lower Dibang Valley]] Districts of Arunachal Pradesh.<br /> <br /> ==Surnames==<br /> Surnames used by Malaa are based on family lineage. Common surnames include:<br /> {{div col|colwidth=22em}}<br /> * Ayom<br /> * Binggep<br /> * Bitin<br /> * Borang**<br /> * Dalbong<br /> * Daltem<br /> * Dameng<br /> * Gamno<br /> * Langkam<br /> * Lego**<br /> * Litin<br /> * Libang<br /> * Miew<br /> * Modi<br /> * Ngukir<br /> * Ngupok<br /> * Patuk<br /> <br /> Some of their clans/family with Milang history &amp; origin**<br /> {{div col end}}<br /> Each Malaa surname is further subdivided into several clans. For example, the Modi has the following clans:<br /> * Kevin<br /> * Kebang-Bamuk, Bapok (Kepok)<br /> * Rumi<br /> * Taruk<br /> * Mustang<br /> * Miew<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> * {{cite book<br /> |title=The Millangs<br /> |first=Milorai|last=Modi<br /> |year=2007<br /> |publisher=Himalayan Publishers<br /> }}<br /> * {{cite book<br /> |editor1-last=Mibang|editor1-first=Tamo<br /> |editor2-last=Chaudhuri|editor2-first=SK<br /> |year=2004<br /> |title=Understanding tribal religion<br /> |location=New Delhi|publisher=Mittal<br /> |isbn=81-7099-945-6<br /> }}<br /> * {{cite book<br /> |last=Lego|first=NN<br /> |year=1992<br /> |title=British relations with the Adis, 1825-1947<br /> |location=New Delhi|publisher=Omsons Publications<br /> |isbn=81-7117-097-8<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=adi Ethnologue: Adi]<br /> * [http://www.latrobe.edu.au/rclt/StaffPages/post.htm Research Centre for Linguistic Typology: Mark Post (fieldworker)]<br /> * [https://www.bbc.co.uk/tribe/tribes/adi/index.shtml BBC: Adi Tribe]<br /> * [http://www.ethnic-china.com/Lhoba/lhobaindex.htm]<br /> * [http://www.iitg.ernet.in/rcilts/phaseI/heirarchy.htm]<br /> <br /> {{Tribes of Arunachal Pradesh}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Scheduled Tribes of India]]<br /> [[Category:Tribes of Arunachal Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Donyi-Polo communities]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Delhi%E2%80%93Chandigarh_Shatabdi_Express&diff=521752 2026-04-08T04:17:51Z

<p>Singh142536: </p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Superfast express train in Indian}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}<br /> {{italic title}}<br /> {{Infobox rail service<br /> | color = ADD8E6<br /> | name = Chandigarh Junction - New Delhi&lt;br/&gt;''Shatabdi Express''<br /> | logo = <br /> | image = Chandigarh shatabdi express.jpg<br /> | caption = Chandigarh-New Delhi Shatabdi Express At [[Ambala Cantonment Junction railway station|Ambala]]<br /> | type = [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast Express]], [[Shatabdi Express|Shatabdi]]<br /> | first = 14 January 2013<br /> | last = <br /> | operator = [[Northern Railway zone|Northern Railways]]<br /> | ridership = <br /> | start = [[Chandigarh railway station|Chandigarh]] (CDG)<br /> | stops = 2<br /> | end = [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi]] (NDLS)<br /> | distance = {{convert|244|km|0|abbr=on}}<br /> | journeytime = 3 hours 20 minutes in both directions<br /> | frequency = 6 days a week except Wednesday<br /> | class = Executive Class, AC Chair Car, Anubhuti Class<br /> | seating = Yes<br /> | sleeping = No<br /> | autorack = <br /> | catering = No [[Dining car|Pantry car coach]] attached but available<br /> | observation = [[LHB coach|LHB]] rake<br /> | entertainment = <br /> | baggage = Overhead racks<br /> | other facilities = <br /> | stock = Standard [[Indian Railways]] coaches<br /> | gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|allk=on}}<br /> | el = <br /> | trainnumber = 12045 / 12046<br /> | speed = {{convert|130|km/h|0|abbr=on}} maximum between Adarsh Nagar Delhi(ANDI) and Ambala Cantonment Jn.(UMB)&lt;br/&gt;,{{convert|74|km/h|0|abbr=on}}, including halts<br /> | map = [[File:(New Delhi - Chandigarh) Shatabdi Express Route map.png|250px|(New Delhi - Chandigarh) Shatabdi Express Route map]]<br /> {{New Delhi-Chandigarh Shatabdi Express Route}}<br /> | map_state = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> The 12046 / 45 '''Chandigarh-New Delhi ''Shatabdi Express''''' is a [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast Express]] train of the [[Shatabdi Express|Shatabdi]] category belonging to [[Indian Railways]] - [[Northern Railway zone]] that runs between [[Chandigarh railway station|Chandigarh]] and [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi]] in India.<br /> <br /> It operates as train number 12046 from [[Chandigarh railway station|Chandigarh]] to [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi]] and as train number 12045 in the reverse direction.&lt;ref name=IR&gt;{{cite web|title=Shatabdi Train Names with Details |url=http://www.indianrail.gov.in/shatabdi_trn_list.html |publisher=Indian Railways |accessdate=21 July 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723014914/http://www.indianrail.gov.in/shatabdi_trn_list.html |archivedate=23 July 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; serving the states of [[Chandigarh]], [[Haryana]] &amp; [[Delhi]].<br /> <br /> ==Coaches==<br /> <br /> The 12046 / 45 [[Chandigarh railway station|Chandigarh]] [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi]] [[Shatabdi Express]] presently has 1 Executive Class and 9 AC Chair Car coaches. It does not have a [[Dining car|Pantry Car Coach]] but Dining Services are provided on the train.<br /> <br /> As with most train services in India, Coach Composition may be amended at the discretion of [[Indian Railways]] depending on demand.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> !<br /> !Loco<br /> !1<br /> !2<br /> !3<br /> !4<br /> !5<br /> !6<br /> !7<br /> !8<br /> !9<br /> !10<br /> !11<br /> !12<br /> !13<br /> |-<br /> |'''12045'''<br /> |[[File:BSicon_LDER.svg|22x22px]]<br /> |EOG<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#ADD8E6;&quot; |C1<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#ADD8E6;&quot; |C2<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#ADD8E6;&quot; |C3<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#ADD8E6;&quot; |C4<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#ADD8E6;&quot; |C5<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#ADD8E6;&quot; |C6<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#ADD8E6;&quot; |C7<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#ADD8E6;&quot; |C8<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#ADD8E6;&quot; |C9<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#B200FA;&quot; |E1<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#B200FA;&quot; |E2<br /> |EOG<br /> |-<br /> |'''12046'''<br /> |[[File:BSicon_LDER.svg|22x22px]]<br /> |EOG<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#B200FA;&quot; |E2<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#B200FA;&quot; |E1<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#ADD8E6;&quot; |C9<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#ADD8E6;&quot; |C8<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#ADD8E6;&quot; |C7<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#ADD8E6;&quot; |C6<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#ADD8E6;&quot; |C5<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#ADD8E6;&quot; |C4<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#ADD8E6;&quot; |C3<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#ADD8E6;&quot; |C2<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#ADD8E6;&quot; |C1<br /> |EOG<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Service==<br /> <br /> The 12046 / 45 [[Chandigarh railway station|Chandigarh]] [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi]] [[Shatabdi Express]] covers the distance of 244 kilometres in 3 hours 17&amp;nbsp;mins (74&amp;nbsp;km/h) in both directions.<br /> <br /> As the average speed of the train is above 55&amp;nbsp;km/h, as per [[Indian Railways]] rules, its fare includes a [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast Express]] surcharge.<br /> <br /> ==Routeing==<br /> <br /> The 12046 / 45 [[Chandigarh railway station|Chandigarh]] [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi]] [[Shatabdi Express]] runs from [[Chandigarh railway station|Chandigarh]] via [[Ambala Cantonment railway station|Ambala Cantonment]], [[Karnal]] to [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi]].<br /> <br /> ==Loco link==<br /> <br /> As the route is fully electrified, a [[WAP 5]] or [[WAP 7]] from the [[Ghaziabad Junction railway station|Ghaziabad]] shed powers the train for its entire journey.<br /> <br /> ==Timings==<br /> <br /> The 12046 [[Chandigarh railway station|Chandigarh]] [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi]] [[Shatabdi Express]] leaves [[Chandigarh railway station|Chandigarh]] every day except Wednesday at 12:05&amp;nbsp;hrs IST and reaches [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi]] at 15:20&amp;nbsp;hrs IST the same day.<br /> <br /> The 12045 [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi]] [[Chandigarh railway station|Chandigarh]] [[Shatabdi Express]] leaves [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi]] every day except Wednesday at 19:15&amp;nbsp;hrs IST and reaches [[Chandigarh railway station|Chandigarh]] at 22:35&amp;nbsp;hrs IST the same day.<br /> <br /> == Gallery ==<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> File:12045 Chandigarh Shatabdi Express with Ghaziabad based WAP 7.jpg |12045 Chandigarh Shatabdi Express with [[Ghaziabad Junction railway station|Ghaziabad]] based [[WAP 7]]<br /> File:12045 Chandigarh Shatabdi Express - AC Chair Car - 9th coach.jpg |12045 Chandigarh Shatabdi Express - AC Chair Car C9<br /> File:12045 Chandigarh Shatabdi Express - Executive Class coach.jpg |12045 Chandigarh Shatabdi Express - Executive Class coach<br /> File:12046 Chandigarh Shatabdi Express - EOG coach.jpg|12046 Chandigarh Shatabdi Express - EOG coach<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{cite web|url=http://www.indianrail.gov.in |title=Welcome to Indian Railway Passenger reservation Enquiry |publisher=indianrail.gov.in |accessdate=5 April 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408180437/http://www.indianrail.gov.in/ |archivedate=8 April 2014 |df=dmy }}<br /> *{{cite web|url=http://www.irctc.co.in|title=IRCTC Online Passenger Reservation System|publisher=irctc.co.in|accessdate=5 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303131207/http://www.irctc.co.in/|archive-date=3 March 2007|url-status=dead}}<br /> *{{cite web|url=http://www.irfca.org|title=&amp;#91;IRFCA&amp;#93; Welcome to IRFCA.org, the home of IRFCA on the internet.|publisher=irfca.org|accessdate=5 April 2014}}<br /> *{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Shatabdi-Express-makes-first-stop-at-Karnal/articleshow/48476694.cms|title=Shatabdi-Express-makes-first-stop-at-Karnal|publisher=timesofindia.com|accessdate=14 August 2015}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> ;Notes<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> ;Sources<br /> *{{cite web|url=http://www.indianrail.gov.in/shatabdi_trn_list.html |title=SHATABDI TRAIN LIST |publisher=indianrail.gov.in |accessdate=30 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723014914/http://www.indianrail.gov.in/shatabdi_trn_list.html |archivedate=23 July 2013 }}<br /> *{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/newdelhi/delhi-chandigarh-shatabdi-express-from-jan-14/article1-988372.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130112134258/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Delhi-Chandigarh-Shatabdi-Express-from-Jan-14/Article1-988372.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 January 2013|title=Delhi-Chandigarh Shatabdi Express from Jan 14 - Hindustan Times|publisher=Hindustan Times|accessdate=30 May 2014}}<br /> *{{cite web|url=http://www.nr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&amp;dcd=3043&amp;id=0,4,268|title=Northern Railways / Indian Railways Portal|publisher=nr.indianrailways.gov.in|accessdate=30 May 2014}}<br /> *{{cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/with-550-on-board-third-shatabdi-chugs-out-of-chandigarh-station/1059485/|title=With 550 on board, third Shatabdi chugs out of Chandigarh station - Indian Express|publisher=archive.indianexpress.com|accessdate=30 May 2014}}<br /> <br /> {{Railways in Northern India}}<br /> {{Shatabdi Express}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:New Delhi - Chandigarh Shatabdi Express}}<br /> [[Category:Shatabdi Express trains]]<br /> [[Category:Rail transport in Haryana]]<br /> [[Category:Rail transport in Delhi]]<br /> [[Category:Railway services introduced in 2013]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harnam_Singh_Khalsa&diff=502251 2026-04-05T00:29:16Z

<p>Singh142536: Made bio</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Punjabi Sikh preacher}}{{BLP sources|date=March 2024}}<br /> <br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Harnam Singh Khalsa<br /> | office1 = 16th [[Damdami Taksal|Jathedar of Damdami Taksal]]<br /> | honorific_prefix = [[Sant (religion)|Sant]] [[Gyani|Giani]]<br /> | native_name = <br /> | image = Harnam Singh Dhumma.jpg<br /> | title = <br /> | alongside = <br /> | predecessor1 = Baba Thakur Singh<br /> | successor1 = <br /> | birth_name = Harnam Singh<br /> | birth_date = <br /> | birth_place = <br /> | death_date = <br /> | death_place = <br /> | spouse = <br /> | relations = <br /> | children = <br /> | alma_mater = <br /> | image_size = <br /> | term_start1 = 27 December 2004<br /> | term_end1 = <br /> | mother = <br /> | father = <br /> | known_for = Acting Jathedar of Damdami Taksal, Head of Sant Samaj<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Harnam Singh Khalsa''' is the current 16th [[Damdami Taksal|Jathedar of Damdami Taksal]], preceding Baba Thakur Singh.{{Sikhism sidebar}}<br /> <br /> ==Personal life==<br /> In 1993, Baba Harnam Singh went to America. Baba Harnam Singh has been said to have moved to the city of [[Manteca, California]], where he resided for 11 years. It is believed that he spent these years in the US meditating in the house of Sikhs which belonged to the Taksal, and that he gained dual citizenship of the United States.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-06-17|title=Background of Harnam Singh Dhumma|url= https://www.sikh24.com/2016/06/17/oped-history-and-background-of-bhai-harnam-singh-dhumma/ |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=Sikh24 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Jathedari==<br /> During the same time as the Dastarbandi ceremony of Baba Harnam Singh, another prominent figure within the [[Damdami Taksal]], known as Baba Ram Singh Sangrawan, had claimed to have been the successor, and his faction held a separate ceremony. Baba Takhur Singh is said to have ostracized Ram Singh on video tape and had issued written statements condemning his actions prior to his death. In 2017, Baba Harnam Singh became the successor to [[Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale]], and was officially declared the 16th [[Jathedar]] of [[Damdami Taksal]] by the [[Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee|SGPC]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-07-02|title=Taksal Chief Dhumma hailed as heir to Bhindranwale|url= https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/taksal-chief-dhumma-hailed-as-heir-to-warrior-bhindranwale-at-sgpc-function-badals-mark-presence/story-kPg7foprHqk3rZDFJWJGVJ.html |access-date=2023-12-24|website=Hindustan Times|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Controversy==<br /> In 2016, another prominent Sikh preacher, [[Ranjit Singh Dhadrian Wala]], who had been seen as an opponent to Baba Harnam Singh, was attacked alongside his [[Jatha]] in his vehicle while travelling near Barewal village.Despite suffering several injuries, Ranjit Singh survived, while Bhupinder Singh, a member of his Jatha, lost his life. It is claimed that his Jatha was attacked while they had stopped at a 'Chabeel' stand, when unidentified individuals began the attack while raising slogans of &quot;Khalistan Zindabad&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-05-18|title=One dead in attack on Sikh preacher Dhandrianwale|url= https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/sikh-preacher-ranjit-singh-dhadrianwala-attacked-near-ludhiana/story-VYqDQNnJFE4e33lTXYNSNL.html |access-date=2023-12-24|website=Hindustan Times|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Baba Harnam Singh and [[Ranjit Singh Dhadrian Wala]] had been at the heart of a philosophical conflict for a long period of time, as they had profound disagreements on various matters regarding Sikh faith, such as controversy on the [[Dasam Granth]]. After this attack had been carried out, most people of [[Punjab, India]] had suspected [[Damdami Taksal]] under the leadership of Baba Harnam Singh to have had a hand in the event. Within a few days, Baba Harnam Singh had openly spoken about this attack and stated that some students of the Taksal had taken part of what had occurred, but that he was unaware and had condemned the atrocity. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-05-23|title= Harnam Singh Admits To 'Taksal Hand' In Dhadrianwale Attack|url=https://www.darpanmagazine.com/news/india/harnam-singh-dhumma-admits-to-damdami-taksal-hand-in-attack-on-ranjit-singh-dhadrianwale/ |access-date=2023-12-24 |website= Darpan Magazine|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Khalsa Panth Jathedars}}<br /> <br /> {{improve categories|date=December 2023}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Khalsa, Harnam Singh}}<br /> [[Category:Indian Sikh religious leaders]]<br /> [[Category:1968 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ajaz_Ahmad_Khan&diff=485121 2026-04-02T04:12:43Z

<p>Singh142536: Creating New Article.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2016}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2016}}<br /> {{BLP more cn|date=June 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | honorific_prefix = <br /> | name = Aijaz Ahmad Khan<br /> | honorific_suffix = <br /> | image = Ajaz at dharmari.jpg<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = 2007<br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | pronunciation = <br /> | birth_name = &lt;!-- only use if different from name above --&gt;<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1968|11|21|df=y}}<br /> | birth_place = Thuroo, [[Reasi]], Jammu and Kashmir<br /> <br /> &lt;!--Term 03--&gt;<br /> | constituency3 = [[Gool Arnas (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gool Arnas]]<br /> | office3 = [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly|Member of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | term_start3 = 2002<br /> | term_end3 = 2020<br /> | successor3 = Constituency abolished<br /> | death_place = <br /> | body_discovered = <br /> | resting_place = <br /> | resting_place_coordinates = &lt;!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} --&gt;<br /> | burial_place = &lt;!-- may be used instead of resting_place and resting_place_coordinates (displays &quot;Burial place&quot; as label) --&gt;<br /> | burial_coordinates = &lt;!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} --&gt;<br /> | monuments = <br /> | other_names = <br /> | citizenship = <br /> | education = [[Bachelor of Arts|BA]] [[LLB]]<br /> | alma_mater = [[Jammu University]]<br /> | occupation = <br /> | era = <br /> | employer = <br /> | organization = <br /> | agent = &lt;!-- Discouraged in most cases, specifically when promotional, and requiring a reliable source --&gt;<br /> | known_for = <br /> | notable_works = &lt;!-- produces label &quot;Notable work&quot;; may be overridden by |credits=, which produces label &quot;Notable credit(s)&quot;; or by |works=, which produces label &quot;Works&quot; --&gt;<br /> | television = <br /> | title = <br /> | term = <br /> | party = <br /> | other_party = [[Jammu &amp; Kashmir National Conference|National Conference]] (1996-2002)<br /> [[Indian National Congress]] (2002-2020) [[Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party]] (2020-August 2024)<br /> | spouse = Farhat-un-nisa Khan<br /> | children = 3<br /> | parents = [[Haji Buland Khan]]<br /> | relatives = [[Chowdhary Zulfkar Ali]] (brother-in-law) (Former cabinet minister), [[Haji Mumtaz Ahmad Khan]] (brother) (Ex-MLA GulabGarh)<br /> | awards = Bhartiya Gaurav Award, best citizen of India Award<br /> }}<br /> '''Aijaz Ahmad Khan''', popularly known as '''Sher-e-Gool Gulabgarh''', is an Indian politician and was a member of the 10th, 11th and 12th [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]] from [[Gool Arnas]] constituency.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.jklegislativeassembly.nic.in/#|title = Home &amp;#124; National e-Vidhan Application}}&lt;/ref&gt; He served as Minister of various portfolios from 2002 to 2014 in Jammu and Kashmir Govt under the Chief Ministership of [[Mufti Mohammad Sayeed]], [[Ghulam Nabi Azad]] and [[Omar Abdullah]]. He also served as Deputy Leader of Congress Legislative Party from 2014 to 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;dailyexcelsior&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/mlas-delegation-calls-cm-reservation-issue/|publisher=dailyexcelsior.com|title=MLAs' delegation calls on CM on reservation issue|date=26 April 2016|accessdate=2017-01-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; He left Congress and became founding member of [[Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party]] (JKAP) formed on 8 March 2020. He was also the Vice President of PAC (Political Affairs Committee) and member CWC of [[Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party]]. Prior to Assembly Elections in Jammu and Kashmir 2024, Khan left Apni Party and contested elections as Independent candidate from [[Gulabgarh Assembly constituency]] in which he got defeated and secured runner-up position.Currently, [[Ajaz Ahmed Khan]] is also patron of [[Gujjar Bakerwal Conference]] (GBC),&lt;ref name=&quot;earlytimes&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.earlytimes.in/m/newsdet.aspx?q=234422|title=<br /> Haji Buland Khan a crusader of marginalized Gujjar and Bakerwal<br /> |first=R. A.|last=Inqlabi|date=5 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; a social and political platform, which was founded by his father and veteran leader [[Haji Buland Khan]] who established [[Gujjar Bakerwal Conference]] in 2000 which has played a crucial role in the upliftment of Gujjar Bakerwal Community.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ipcs.org/comm_select.php?articleNo=2111]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Personal life==<br /> Ajaz Ahmad Khan was born on 21 November 1968 in Thuroo, Dharmari to a renowned [[Gujjar]] leader [[Haji Buland Khan]] from [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu &amp; Kashmir]] who held various posts in the state government. Ajaz did his early schooling from Govt. High School, Thuroo located at Reasi. He did his [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] from [[Jammu University]] Jammu. In 1996, he completed his LLB from [[Jammu University]].&lt;ref name=&quot;myneta&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://myneta.info/jk2014/candidate.php?candidate_id=160|publisher=myneta.info|title=Ajaz Ahmed Khan(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- GOOL ARNAS(REASI) - Affidavit Information of Candidate|accessdate=2017-01-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> He married Farhat Un Nisa Khan in 2003. His younger brother [[Haji Mumtaz Ahmad Khan]] was also a member of 12th [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]] from Gulabgarh constituency. His one sister is married to [[Chowdhary Zulfkar Ali|Chowdhary Zulfikar Ali]].&lt;ref name=&quot;indianexpress&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/jayalalithaa-appllo-hospital-tamil-nadu-chowdhary-zulfikar-ali-jammu-kashmir-3077072/|publisher=indianexpress.com|title=J&amp;K minister Zulfikar Ali visits Apollo Hospital to enquire about Jayalalithaa's health &amp;#124; The Indian Express|date=12 October 2016|accessdate=2017-01-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Political career==<br /> Ajaz joined politics in 1996 soon after completing LLB. In 1996, he contested elections on the ticket of NC from Gulabgarh assembly and got defeated by as margin of 956 votes only. Then he got appointed as District President of NC from Reasi District, i.e. Udhampur II. In 2002, he again contested as an independent candidate from two assembly segments; Gool Arnas and Gulabgarh and he got victory from Gool Arnas. And thus in 2002, he joined [[Indian National Congress]]. Then in 2008 and 2014, he got victory from Gool Arnas.{{cn|date=June 2025}}<br /> <br /> He remained minister since 2002 up to 2014 in the Govt of [[Mufti Mohammed Sayeed]], [[Ghulam Nabi Azad]] and [[Omar Abdullah]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/minister-of-state-for-haj-ajaz-ahmed-khan-addressing-gathering-at-salal-khad-on-wednesday/|title = Minister of State for Haj, Ajaz Ahmed Khan addressing gathering at Salal Khad on Wednesday|date = 19 December 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VdsBAQAAQBAJ&amp;dq=%22Ajaz+Ahmed+Khan%22&amp;pg=PA30 |title=Current Affairs eBook March 2013: Current Affairs eBook |access-date=25 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226060120/https://books.google.co.in/books?id=VdsBAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA30&amp;dq=%22Ajaz+Ahmed+Khan%22&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwjS8d7_gZDRAhWHNo8KHfAYC744ChDoAQgkMAI |archive-date=26 December 2016 |df=dmy-all |last1=Josh |first1=Jagran |date=April 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; He held various departments in the [[Mufti Mohammed Sayeed]], [[Ghulam Nabi Azad]] and [[Omar Abdullah]] Government.&lt;ref name=&quot;google&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|title=Selections from Regional Press|author=Institute of Regional Studies (Islāmābād, Pakistan)|journal=Selections from Regional Press: A Fortnightly Publication of South Asian Press Clippings|date=2004|volume=23|publisher=Institute of Regional Studies|issn=0254-7996|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gtouAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=2017-01-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;google2&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Journal of Soil and Water Conservation in India|author=Soil Conservation Society of India|date=2006|volume=5|publisher=Soil Conservation Society of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z5wmAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=2017-01-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was such an efficient leader that once he had charge of 13 departments.&lt;ref name=&quot;google3&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Epilogue, Vol 3, Issue 1|author=Press, E.|publisher=Epilogue -Jammu Kashmir|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3rAkmOs59sIC&amp;pg=PA87|page=87|accessdate=2017-01-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2020, he along with [[Altaf Bukhari]] formed a new political party, [[Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://jkapniparty.com/our_leaders/ajaz-ahmed-khan/ | title=Ajaz Ahmed Khan | access-date=20 June 2021 | archive-date=27 May 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527062649/http://www.jkapniparty.com/our_leaders/ajaz-ahmed-khan/ | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Positions held in J&amp;K Government===<br /> <br /> * MoS Finance, Planning and Development, Revenue, Forest, Agriculture, Higher and Technical Education and various other portfolios: 2002<br /> * MoS (Independent) Haj, Auqaf and Fisheries: 2009<br /> * MoS Law and Justice, Parliamentary Affairs,  Rural Development and Panchayats, Social Welfare, Animal Husbandry and Hospitality and Protocol: 2009<br /> * MoS (Independent) Revenue, Relief and Rehabilitation: 2013<br /> <br /> ===Legislative experience===<br /> <br /> * 2002 – 2008 Member, 10th Legislative Assembly (Gool-Arnas Constituency)<br /> * 2008 – 2014 Member, 11th Legislative Assembly (Gool-Arnas Constituency)<br /> * 2014 – 2018 Member, 12th Legislative Assembly (Gool-Arnas Constituency)<br /> * Chairman of Joint Commission Land Conservation of J&amp;K Assembly<br /> * Chairman of Subordinate Legislation of J&amp;K Assembly<br /> * Member of Ethics Committee of J&amp;K Assembly<br /> * Member of Committee on Joint Heritage Preservation of J&amp;K Assembly<br /> * Member of Public Accounts Committee for three times of J&amp;K Assembly<br /> <br /> ===Awards and honors===<br /> <br /> * Rashtriya Gourav Award<br /> * Best citizen of India Award<br /> <br /> ==Social Work==<br /> <br /> [[Ajaz Ahmed Khan]] is also patron of [[Gujjar Bakerwal Conference]] (GBC),&lt;ref name=&quot;earlytimes&quot;/&gt; a social and political platform which was founded by his father and veteran leader [[Haji Buland Khan]] who established [[Gujjar Bakerwal Conference]] in 2000 which has played a crucial role in the upliftment of Gujjar Bakerwal Community. &lt;ref&gt;https://www.ipcs.org/comm_select.php?articleNo=2111&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Ajaz Ahmed}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Jammu and Kashmir MLAs 2014–2018]]<br /> [[Category:University of Jammu alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Apni Party politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Jammu and Kashmir]]<br /> [[Category:Jammu and Kashmir MLAs 2002–2008]]<br /> [[Category:Jammu and Kashmir MLAs 2008–2014]]<br /> [[Category:Independent politicians from Jammu and Kashmir]]<br /> [[Category:People from Reasi district]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Jammu &amp; Kashmir National Conference politicians]]<br /> [[Category:1968 births]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Artemisia_pallens&diff=458576 2026-03-26T22:55:24Z

<p>Singh142536: quick enhanced information for clarity and updated info</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}<br /> {{speciesbox<br /> | image = Artemisia pallens-1-xavier cottage-yercaud-salem-India.jpg<br /> | genus = Artemisia<br /> | species = pallens<br /> | authority = [[Wall.]] ex [[Augustin Pyramus de Candolle|DC.]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Artemisia pallens''''' is an aromatic herb, in genus of small herbs or shrubs, [[xerophytic]] in nature. Commonly known as '''dhavanam''' from the [[Sanskrit]] name दमनक (damanaka), ({{langx|ta|மரிக்கொழுந்து, தவணம்}}, {{langx|mr|दवणा}}, {{langx|kn|ದವನ}}). The flowers are [[racemose]] [[panicle]]s, bear numerous small yellow flower heads or [[Head (botany)|capitula]], but the silvery white silky covering of down gives the foliage a grey or white appearance.<br /> <br /> Dhavanam has alternate [[pinnasect]] leaves (leaf which is divided into opposite pairs of lobes cut almost to the midrib In narrow divisions) or [[palmatisect]] leaves (the green tissue is divided into several segments not fully separated At the base).<br /> <br /> ==Cultivation==<br /> It is commercially cultivated for its fragrant leaves and flowers. It has two distinct morphological types, one in which the plants are short in stature and flowering sets in early, and the other in which plants are tall and flowering sets in later. It grows from seeds and cuttings and reaches maturity in four months. The plant is woody in the lower part of the stem, but with yearly branches. It is mostly grown in the Indian states of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Karnataka]], [[Maharashtra]] and [[Tamil Nadu]].{{citation needed|date=June 2023}}<br /> <br /> ''Artemisia pallens'' is a preferred food for the larvae of a number of butterfly species.<br /> <br /> ==Chemistry==<br /> [[File:Davana-Dried.jpg|thumb|Dried davana plant used as aromatic bouquet.]]<br /> [[Davanone]], [[davan ether]], [[davana furan]] and [[linalool]] are the major constituents of davana oil. [[Methyl cinnamate]], [[ethyl cinnamate]], [[bicyclogermacrene]], [[2-hydroxyisodavanone]], [[farnesol]], [[geranyl acetate]], [[sesquiterpene lactone]]s, and [[germacranolide]]s are also found.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|pmid=11449517|year=2000|last1=Pujar|first1=PP|last2=Sawaikar|first2=DD|last3=Rojatkar|first3=SR|last4=Nagasampagi|first4=BA|title=A new germacranolide from Artemisia pallens|volume=71|issue=5|pages=590–2|journal=Fitoterapia|doi=10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00168-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; The amount of davanone and linalool decreased while those of (''Z'')− and (''E'')−methyl cinnamate, (''E'')−ethyl cinnamate, bicyclogermacrene, davana ether, 2-hydroxyisodavanone, and farnesol increased from flower heads emergence stage to the initiation of seed set stage. Five compounds, (''Z'')− and (''E'')−methyl cinnamates, (''Z'')− and (''E'')−ethyl cinnamates, and geranyl acetate, were identified for the first time in davana oil.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.gardenpoints.org/artpal.html |title=Artemisia pallens - Davana |accessdate=2009-01-25 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202053649/http://gardenpoints.org/artpal.html |archivedate=2009-02-02 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Uses==<br /> [[Image:DavanaEssOil.png|thumb|200px|right|Davana essential oil]]<br /> The leaves and flowers yield an essential oil known as oil of Davana. Several species yield [[essential oil]] and some are used as [[fodder]], some of them are a source of the [[anthelmintic]] chemical [[santonin]]. Davana blossoms are offered to [[Shiva]], the God of Transformation, by the devotees, and decorate his altar throughout the day. Oral administration of high doses aqueous/[[methanol]]ic extract from the aerial parts of the plants was observed to reduce blood glucose levels in glucose−fed [[hyperglycemic]] and [[alloxan]]-treated rabbits and rats.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | pmid = 8778502 | year = 1996 | last1 = Subramoniam | first1 = A | last2 = Pushpangadan | first2 = P | last3 = Rajasekharan | first3 = S | last4 = Evans | first4 = DA | last5 = Latha | first5 = PG | last6 = Valsaraj | first6 = R | title = Effects of Artemisia pallens Wall. On blood glucose levels in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats | volume = 50 | issue = 1 | pages = 13–7 | journal = Journal of Ethnopharmacology | doi=10.1016/0378-8741(95)01329-6}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Jiménez-Estrada |first1=Manuel |last2=Huerta-Reyes |first2=Maira |last3=Tavera-Hernández |first3=Rosario |last4=Alvarado-Sansininea |first4=J. Javier |last5=Alvarez |first5=Ana Berenice |date=2021-05-13 |title=Contributions from Mexican Flora for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: Molecules of Psacalium decompositum (A. Gray) H. Rob &amp; Brettell |journal=Molecules |volume=26 |issue=10 |pages=2892 |doi=10.3390/molecules26102892 |issn=1420-3049 |pmc=8153299 |pmid=34068304|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; Davana is rarely used in cooking, but in India it is sometimes used in herbal teas for flavor.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Давана, бледная полынь, артемизия: всё о растении Artemisia pallens и его применении |url=https://artemisiapallens.ru/ |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=artemisiapallens.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The aroma of davana oil is described as fruity, berry, black currant, tropical fruit, dried fruit, apricot, and tagette.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=artemisia pallens herb oil |url=https://scentsandflavors.com/database/9dbb4a77-d52c-4747-a80f-660cfcc7daf3 |website=Scents and Flavors |publisher=Scents and Flavors |access-date=26 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Uses of Davana oil===<br /> *Davana oil is used in making perfumes of sweet and fruity fragrances.<br /> *Davana leaves and stalks are used in making bouquets, garlands, fresh or dry flower arrangements.<br /> <br /> ==Hinduism==<br /> <br /> Dauna leaves are found abundantly on the Wadi Ratnagiri Mountain, in the city of [[Kolhapur]]. The mountain is home to Shri [[Jyotiba Temple|Jotiba]]. The plant is exclusively used as an offering to this deity at this temple.<br /> <br /> Dhavana is also used in Rathothsavam of sri khadri Narasimha swami temple, kadiri. There people throw dhavanam on the Ratham, while moving through the maadaveedhulu.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Taxonbar|from=Q3764734}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Artemisia (genus)|pallens]]<br /> [[Category:Herbs]]<br /> [[Category:Medicinal plants of Asia]]<br /> [[Category:Perfume ingredients]]<br /> [[Category:Essential oils]]<br /> [[Category:Plants described in 1838]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fault_Lines_in_the_Faith&diff=498990 2026-03-25T09:34:58Z

<p>Singh142536: starting initial post from scratch</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2023 book by Syed Iqbal Hasnain}}<br /> {{Infobox book<br /> | author = [[Syed Iqbal Hasnain]]<br /> | isbn = 9789357029001<br /> | pub_date = 2023<br /> | name = Fault Lines in the Faith: How Events of 1979 Shaped the Islamic World<br /> | image = File:Fault_Lines_in_the_Faith.jpg<br /> | publisher = [[Rupa Publications]]<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = English<br /> | media_type = Book<br /> | pages = 320<br /> }}<br /> '''''Fault Lines in the Faith: Show Events of 1979 Shaped the Islamic World''''' is a book written by [[Syed Iqbal Hasnain]]. It was published in 2023 by [[Rupa Publications|Rupa Publications India Pvt. Limited]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Fatima |first=Heena |date=2024-02-29 |title=3 events in 1979 changed Islamic world, led to extremism, says author Iqbal Hasnain |url=https://theprint.in/feature/around-town/3-events-in-1979-changed-islamic-world-led-to-extremism-says-author-iqbal-hasnain/1982221/ |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; The book deeply covers the three incidents happened in the [[Middle East]] that shaped the contemporary Muslim world. The three incidents are [[Iranian revolution]] led by [[Ruhollah Khomeini|Ayatollah Khomeini]], the seizure of [[Masjid al-Haram|Grand Mosque of Mecca]] by [[Juhayman al-Otaybi]] and the [[Soviet–Afghan War|Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Shah |first=Saleem Rashid |date=2024-03-02 |title='Fault Lines in the Faith' book review: Counting Losses |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/lifestyle/books/2024/Mar/02/fault-lines-in-the-faith-book-review-counting-losses |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title='Fault Lines in the Faith' by Iqbal S Hasnain maps nationalism's drift towards Islamism |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/book-reviews/fault-lines-in-the-faith-by-iqbal-s-hasnain-maps-nationalisms-drift-towards-islamism-570412/ |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Chapters ==<br /> The first chapter in the book analyses how Wahhabism doctrines affected the Global Jihadism. It provides a scene of the Saudi Arabia's religious and political angle. It focuses on how a pact between Muhammad Ibn Abdul Wahhab Najdi and Ibn Saud mutually helped both of them in their ways.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Peri |first=Swapna |date=2024-01-26 |title=Book Review: 'Fault Lines in the Faith' by Iqbal S. Hasnain {{!}} Book Reviews |url=https://www.storizen.com/book-reviews/fault-lines-in-the-faith-by-iqbal-s-hasnain/ |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=Storizen |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; He concludes, Sufism is the solution.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Khair |first=Tabish |date=2024-02-21 |title=Is Sufism the solution? |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/books/exploring-the-events-which-shaped-the-islamic-world-and-the-revival-of-sufism-influenced-traditions-in-muslim-societies-and-states/article67817611.ece |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=Frontline |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> [[Jamia Hamdard|Jamia Hamdard University]] hosted a discussion on the book which initiated with the recitation from the Quran by A. M. Farooqui, Imam of Rabea Mosque. The guests were welcomed by Syeedun Nisa, and keynote address was delivered by S. M. Azizuddin Hussain while Dr. M Afshar Alam presided over the session.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-10-24 |title=Jamia Hamdard Hosts Discussion on Prof Iqbal Hasnain's Book 'Fault Lines in the Faith' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/education/news/jamia-hamdard-hosts-discussion-on-prof-iqbal-hasnains-book-fault-lines-in-the-faith/articleshow/114548744.cms |access-date=2025-02-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Reviews ==<br /> The book has been reviewed by Dr. P.S. Jayaramu of Mainstream Weekly, Saleem Rashid Shah of [[The New Indian Express|New Indian Express]], M Rajivlochan of [[The Tribune (India)|Tribune India]], Swapna Peri of Storizen, [[Tabish Khair]] of [[Frontline (magazine)|The Frontline]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Review of Iqbal S. Hasnain's Fault Lines In The Faith {{!}} P S Jayaramu - Mainstream Weekly |url=https://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article14684.html |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=www.mainstreamweekly.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> {{Google books|plainurl=|plain-url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Fault_Lines_in_the_Faith/_8Rm0AEACAAJ?hl=en}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Rupa Publications books]]<br /> [[Category:2023 non-fiction books]]<br /> [[Category:Middle Eastern studies]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=K._J._Somaiya_Institute_of_Technology&diff=506883 2026-03-24T08:45:39Z

<p>Singh142536: Made stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{Multiple issues|<br /> {{primary sources|date=February 2013}}<br /> {{Cleanup|date=February 2021|reason=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:K._J._Somaiya_Institute_of_Engineering_and_Information_Technology#Suggestions_for_cleanup}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox university<br /> | name = K. J. Somaiya Institute of Technology<br /> | image = [[File:Kjsit logo.png|Logo of KJSIT]]<br /> | type = Private (Unaided)<br /> | established = 2001<br /> | principal = Mr. Vivek Sunnapwar<br /> | students = 360 (undergraduate)&lt;ref name=&quot;DTE website&quot;&gt;[http://www.dte.org.in/degree/inst.asp?i=EN239 Institute information for academic year 2009-2010] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618075538/http://www.dte.org.in/degree/inst.asp?i=EN239 |date=18 June 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KJSIET official website&quot;&gt;[http://www.somaiya.edu/VidyaVihar/kjsieit Official website]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | location = Somaiya Ayurvihar Complex, [[Sion, Mumbai]], India<br /> | academic_affiliation = [[University of Mumbai]], [[AICTE]]<br /> | website = {{URL|https://kjsit.somaiya.edu.in/en}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''K. J. Somaiya Institute of Technology''' (KJSIT) (formerly K. J. Somaiya Institute of Engineering and Information Technology) was established by the Somaiya Trust in 2001 at the Ayurvihar campus, [[Sion, Mumbai]], [[India]]. It is an autonomous institute affiliated to the [[University of Mumbai]].<br /> <br /> The institute was set up to impart education in the field of [[Information Technology|information technology]] and allied branches of [[engineering]] and technology.<br /> <br /> The institute is approved by [[All India Council for Technical Education|All India Council for Technical Education, New Delhi]], DTE Mumbai; permanently affiliated to [[University of Mumbai|University of]] Mumbai; and accredited by [[Tata Consultancy Services]] and recently (2017) approved by [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|the NAAC]] grade A college list and awarded the best engineering college in 2017-18 by ISTE Maharashtra and Goa. It has a huge campus (85 acres). In December 2018, KJSIEIT was accredited by NBA for UG programs for 3 years.<br /> <br /> A satellite 'BeliefSat-0’, developed by the student satellite team of K J Somaiya Institute of Technology was launched on 1st January 2024 from the [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] in [[Sriharikota]] as part of [[ISRO]]’s [[PSLV-C58]] mission. The Beliefsat-0 holds a significant role in commemorating 100 years of HAM radio in India and aims to replace the HAMSAT, which was decommissioned in 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-01-02 |title=Launched atop ISRO’s PSLV-C58: Satellite developed by Mumbai students |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/launched-atop-isros-pslv-c58-satellite-developed-by-city-students-9091165/ |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Departments==<br /> The college's engineering departments are [1]:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.somaiya.edu/VidyaVihar/kjsieit/academic/department |title=Somaiya Vidyavihar &amp;#124; Department |access-date=10 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130429013609/http://www.somaiya.edu/VidyaVihar/kjsieit/academic/department |archive-date=29 April 2013 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science<br /> *Department of Computer Engineering<br /> *Department of Electronics &amp; Telecommunications Engineering<br /> *Department of Information Technology<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Campus==<br /> The institute is located at [[Sion, Mumbai]]. It is part of the 85-acre Somaiya Ayurvihar campus, which also houses the K. J. Somaiya Hospital, Medical College, Cancer Research Centre, and K. J. Somaiya College of Physiotherapy. The campus grounds host open cricket and football matches. The campus has one volleyball court, three lawn tennis courts, one rink football, two half-size football grounds, one turf football ground, and an open gym. The campus is located off the [[Eastern Express Highway]] near Sion.<br /> <br /> The college building is an eight-story structure and houses all the departments of the college, as well as a canteen, an auditorium, and separate girls' and boys' rooms, which have a table tennis table for leisure. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.somaiya.edu/VidyaVihar/kjsieit/about_us/introduction |title=Somaiya Vidyavihar &amp;#124; Introduction |access-date=20 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414194311/http://www.somaiya.edu/VidyaVihar/kjsieit/about_us/introduction |archive-date=14 April 2012 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Campus activities==<br /> {{prose|section|date=February 2021}}<br /> *Software Development Cell which is actively involved in Research &amp; Development and consultancy projects with industries and academic institutes.<br /> *Research Innovation Incubation Design Lab Somaiya Vidyavihar, at Somaiya Campus focusses on technology and startup incubation.<br /> *Affiliation to various professional bodies for Student chapters and Faculty chapters<br /> **The [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]] is the world's largest professional association dedicated to advancing technological innovation and excellence for the benefit of humanity. It inspires a global community through IEEE's highly cited publications, conferences, technology standards, and professional and educational activities.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://ieee-kjsieit.webs.com/ |title=Home - IEEE Student Chapters KJSIEIT |access-date=10 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818143355/http://ieee-kjsieit.webs.com/ |archive-date=18 August 2013 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> **The Institute of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers is one of the oldest technical bodies in India. It started in 2009 in KJSIEIT.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.somaiya.edu/VidyaVihar/kjsieit/updates/student_activities/Extc/en |title=Somaiya Vidyavihar &amp;#124; Electronics &amp; Telecommunication |access-date=10 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224012316/http://www.somaiya.edu/VidyaVihar/kjsieit/updates/student_activities/Extc/en |archive-date=24 December 2013 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> **The students chapter of the [[Computer Society of India]] was formed in 2009. Technical and non-technical activities are held throughout the year. The annual technical festival ''Renaissance'' is organised jointly by the committee, along with many events through the year.&lt;ref name=&quot;CSI KJSIEIT&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.somaiya.edu/VidyaVihar/kjsieit/updates/student_activities |title=CSI KJSIEIT |access-date=20 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415184423/http://www.somaiya.edu/VidyaVihar/kjsieit/updates/student_activities |archive-date=15 April 2012 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> **The [[Institution of Engineering and Technology]] is a professional society for the engineering and technology community, with more than 150000 members in 127 countries. It began in 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.somaiya.edu/VidyaVihar/kjsieit/updates/student_activities |title=Somaiya Vidyavihar &amp;#124; Student Activities |access-date=20 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415184423/http://www.somaiya.edu/VidyaVihar/kjsieit/updates/student_activities |archive-date=15 April 2012 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> **Entrepreneurship Cell, beginning in March 2009, is an association managed and driven by students to promote entrepreneurship among students. It is associated with the National Entrepreneurship Network to interact with like-minded people. The Cell organises events like ''E-Week'', ''Campus Company'', Techno-preneur workshop and E-Movies.&lt;ref name=&quot;E-Cell KJSIEIT&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.somaiya.edu/VidyaVihar/kjsieit/updates/student_activities |title=E-Cell KJSIEIT |access-date=20 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415184423/http://www.somaiya.edu/VidyaVihar/kjsieit/updates/student_activities |archive-date=15 April 2012 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Active Training and Placement Cell<br /> *Student enrichment activities through various student clubs and cells, including:<br /> **Robocon Cell<br /> **Cyber Security &amp; Research Cell<br /> **IOT Cell<br /> **Programming Club <br /> **Hobby Club<br /> **Street Play Team<br /> **Marathi Bhasha Vangmay Mandal, etc.<br /> *Interactive/Smart Board learning<br /> *Open Gymnasium<br /> <br /> ==Rankings and achievements==<br /> *Conferred with Autonomous Status by University Grants Commissions' (UGC) Regulation.<br /> *Recently Accredited with A Grade by National Assessment &amp; Accreditation Council of India with CGPA of 3.21, in first cycle. <br /> *Winner of Lander Mission Design Contest &quot;Touch the Jovion Moon&quot; conducted by LPSC ISRO as a part of Pearl Jubilee Celebrations.<br /> *&quot;Best Engineering College Principal Award 2017&quot; by ISTE Maharashtra &amp; Goa Section in 14thISTE Annual State Convention held at Bharti Vidyapeeth University COE, Pune on 17 February 2017.<br /> *KJSIEIT was awarded as best engineering college 2017-18 by ISTE Maharashtra and Goa.<br /> *AA+ by Careers360.<br /> *KJSIEIT received &quot;An Active Local Chapter Award&quot; by [[National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Team Careers360, 5 Sep 2014 |url=http://www.engineering.careers360.com/top-engineering-colleges-in-maharashtra |title=Top Engineering Colleges in Maharashtra and Goa 2013 |publisher=Engineering.careers360.com |date=2014-09-05 |accessdate=2020-01-06 |archive-date=21 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921071146/http://www.engineering.careers360.com/top-engineering-colleges-in-maharashtra |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Institute has received all over India 3rd Rank in March 2018, 9th Rank in 2017&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-mumbai-engg-college-ranks-ninth-at-the-national-robotics-contest-2355685|title=Mumbai: KJSIEIT college ranks ninth at the National Robotics Contest|date=2017-03-17|work=Daily News and Analysis|access-date=2018-06-19|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; and 12th Rank in 2015 at National level Robocon Contest, India.<br /> *NBA accreditation for UG programmes for 3 years.<br /> <br /> ==Placements==<br /> <br /> To provide appropriate career opportunities to the students, the Training and Placement Cell interacts continuously with different industries and training organisations. Workshops and seminars are organised for academic and overall development of the students.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.excelengineeringclasses.com/engineering-colleges/in-mumbai/kjsieit-k-j-somaiya-institute-of-engineering-and-information-technology |title=(KJSIEIT) K J Somaiya Institute of Engineering and Information Technology |publisher=Excel Engineering Classes |accessdate=2020-01-06 |archive-date=30 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150330020658/http://www.excelengineeringclasses.com/engineering-colleges/in-mumbai/kjsieit-k-j-somaiya-institute-of-engineering-and-information-technology |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.somaiya.edu/VidyaVihar/kjsieit/academics/Placements |title=Somaiya Vidyavihar &amp;#124; Placement |access-date=20 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415183947/http://www.somaiya.edu/VidyaVihar/kjsieit/academics/Placements |archive-date=15 April 2012 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Leading Recruiters Include:<br /> *[[Accenture]]<br /> *ATOS Origin<br /> *Avaya Global Connect<br /> *Citos<br /> *[[Computer Sciences Corporation]]<br /> *Fortune Infotech<br /> *HSBC Global Technology<br /> *i Flex<br /> *[[Infosys]]<br /> *L &amp; T Infotech<br /> *Mastek<br /> *MU SIGMA<br /> *NSE IT<br /> *Patni Compu<br /> *SMG Convonix<br /> *Syntel<br /> *Tata Elxsi<br /> *[[Tech Mahindra]]<br /> *VSNL Global<br /> <br /> ==Alumni==<br /> KJSIEIT Alumni Association comprises students who have completed their final year of the four-year degree course. The Alumni Association is a platform for ex-students with the desire to make contributions to their Alma Mater. The association arranges alumni meets every year in February.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Engineering colleges in Mumbai]]<br /> [[Category:Affiliates of the University of Mumbai]]<br /> [[Category:Educational institutions established in 2001]]<br /> [[Category:2001 establishments in Maharashtra]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harjinder_Singh_Jinda&diff=463060 2026-03-23T00:48:38Z

<p>Singh142536: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian assassin (1961-1992)}}<br /> {{Use British English|date=March 2013}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox criminal<br /> | name = Harjinder Singh Jinda<br /> | native_name = <br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1961|04|04}}<br /> | death_date = 9 October 1992&lt;br&gt;<br /> (aged 31)<br /> | birth_place = Village Gadli, [[Amritsar]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India<br /> | death_place = [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], India<br /> | death_cause = [[Execution by hanging]]<br /> | occupation = <br /> | employer = <br /> | criminal_penalty = [[Capital punishment in India|Death]]<br /> | spouse = <br /> | parents = <br /> | conviction = [[Arun Shridhar Vaidya|Assassination of Arun Shridhar Vaidya]]<br /> | conviction_status = [[Executed]]<br /> | image = Photograph of Harjinder Singh Jinda, former member of the Khalistan Commando Force.jpg<br /> | height_ft = 5<br /> | height_in = 7<br /> | movement = [[Khalistan Movement]]<br /> | organization = [[Khalistan Commando Force]]<br /> }}<br /> '''Harjinder Singh Jinda''' (4 April 1961 – 9 October 1992) was a [[Sikhs|Sikh]] and one of the two assassins of an [[Indian Army]] general [[Arun Vaidya]]. He was responsible for three high-profile assassinations: [[Assassination of Arjun Dass|Arjan Dass]], [[Lalit Maken]] and Gen. Vaidya. He also was involved in an attempted assassination of [[Director general of police|DGP]] [[Julio Ribeiro (police officer)|Julio Ribeiro]]. He along with other members of [[Khalistan Commando Force]] participated in Indian history's biggest bank robbery of {{INRConvert|57|m|year=1987}}, from [[Punjab National Bank]], Miller Gunj branch, [[Ludhiana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;tribuneindia.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20081010/punjab1.htm#11 |title=SGPC honours kin of Vaidya's assassins |publisher=Tribuneindia.com |date=9 October 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; to finance the [[Insurgency in Punjab|Khaadkoo Lehar]] for a separate Sikh state of [[Khalistan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;pqasb.pqarchiver.com&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/58240583.html?dids=58240583%3A58240583&amp;FMT=ABS&amp;FMTS=ABS%3AFT&amp;date=Feb+13%2C+1987&amp;author=&amp;pub=Los+Angeles+Times+%28pre-1997+Fulltext%29&amp;desc=Sikh+Separatists+Masquerade+as+Police+to+Stage+India%27s+Biggest+Bank+Robbery&amp;pqatl=google|title=Sikh Separatists Masquerade as Police to Stage India's Biggest Bank Robbery|work=Los Angeles Times|date=13 February 1987|access-date=9 October 2019|archive-date=17 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617201712/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/58240583.html?dids=58240583%3A58240583&amp;FMT=ABS&amp;FMTS=ABS%3AFT&amp;date=Feb+13%2C+1987&amp;author=&amp;pub=Los+Angeles+Times+%28pre-1997+Fulltext%29&amp;desc=Sikh+Separatists+Masquerade+as+Police+to+Stage+India%27s+Biggest+Bank+Robbery&amp;pqatl=google|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;highbeam.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-3810376.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021140733/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-3810376.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 October 2012 |title=Sikhs rob India bank of $4.5 million |publisher=Chicago Sun-Times|date=13 February 1987|via=Highbeam.com |access-date=2013-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> Jinda was born on 4 April 1962 in village of Gadli,&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=India Today|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oC0KAQAAIAAJ|year=1986|publisher=Living Media India Pvt. Limited}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20051010/punjab1.htm#16 |title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Punjab |publisher=Tribuneindia.com |date=18 October 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt; in district [[Amritsar]], to a [[Jat Sikh]] farmer family of Gulzar Singh and Gurnam Kaur.&lt;ref name=&quot;canada.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Vancouver Sun |first=The |url=http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?id=0100d9dd-ce74-4f2c-8eec-66bcc317c4eb |title=Mother of assassin to be honoured in Sikh ceremony ceremony |publisher=Canada.com |date=6 October 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106220318/http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?id=0100d9dd-ce74-4f2c-8eec-66bcc317c4eb |archive-date=6 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;sikhsiyasat.com&quot;&gt;[http://www.sikhsiyasat.com/saheedysmagm.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090522022525/http://www.sikhsiyasat.com/saheedysmagm.html|date=22 May 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; After completing his early education, he enrolled in [[Khalsa College, Amritsar]].&lt;ref name=&quot;damdamitaksaal.org&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kumar1997&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Ram Narayan Kumar|title=The Sikh unrest and the Indian state: politics, personalities, and historical retrospective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WD9uAAAAMAAJ|year=1997|publisher=Ajanta|isbn=978-81-202-0453-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Jinda had three siblings, Nirbhail Singh, Bhupinder Singh and Balvinder Kaur. One of his other nephew, Surjit Singh Penta had committed suicide by consuming cyanide during [[Operation Black Thunder]].&lt;ref name=&quot;PuriJudge1999&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Harish K. Puri|author2=Paramjit S. Judge|author3=Jagrup Singh Sekhon|title=Terrorism in Punjab: understanding grassroots reality|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4yduAAAAMAAJ|year=1999|publisher=Har-Anand Publications|isbn=9788124106198 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Nayyar2003&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Kewal Krishan Nayyar|title=Pakistan at the crossroads|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1RNuAAAAMAAJ|year=2003|publisher=Rupa &amp; Co.|isbn=9788129102270 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BhushanKatyal2002&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=K. Bhushan|author2=G. Katyal|title=Attack on Parliament: Challenges Before the Nation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tT9lCgSpGIkC&amp;pg=PA43|year=2002|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-7648-331-5|page=43}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;tribuneindia.com&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;damdamitaksaal.org&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://damdamitaksaal.org/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=36 |title=Letter's of Bhai Harjinder Singh 'Jinda' and Bhai Sukhdev Singh 'Sukha' |publisher=Damdamitaksaal.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725215300/http://damdamitaksaal.org/index2.php?option=com_content&amp;do_pdf=1&amp;id=36 |archive-date=25 July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20080103/punjab1.htm#16 |title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Punjab |publisher=Tribuneindia.com }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;sikhsiyasat.com&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;canada.com&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Participation in the Khalistan movement==<br /> In 1983 Jinda was first arrested over an attack on a police officer. Jinda was interrogated and released after a long time. He was completing his [[Bachelor of Fine Arts]], when [[Operation Blue Star]] occurred. This incident motivated him to leave his studies and join the [[Khalistan movement|Khalistan separatist movement]] afterwards.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Grewal |first=Manraj |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iH5uAAAAMAAJ |title=Dreams After Darkness: A Search for the Life Ordinary Under the Shadow of 1984 |date=2004 |publisher=Rupa &amp; Company |isbn=978-81-291-0479-3 |pages=66 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Delhi bank robberies ===<br /> While living in Delhi, Jinda formed a robbery gang consisting of him, Baljinder Singh, Sukhvinder Singh, and Harvinder Singh. On 4 March 1985 they robbed the [[Union Bank of India]] in Anand Niketan, [[Delhi]]. {{INRConvert|45|k|year=1985}} were robbed. Jinda also aided in the planning of a robbery at the [[State Bank of India]] in [[Greater Kailash]], [[Delhi]]. The robbery was done by Sukhdev Singh Sukha on March 15 of 1985 at 7:15&amp;nbsp;p.m. Over {{INRConvert|400|k|year=1985}} rupees were looted.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Sabha |first=India Parliament Rajya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Ck3AAAAIAAJ&amp;dq=march+1985+bank+robbery+delhi+robbery&amp;pg=PA173 |title=Parliamentary Debates: Official Report |date=1906 |publisher=Council of States Secretariat |pages=173 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kanth |first=Amod K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7PYMEAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=%22sikh%22+'rob%22+%22bank%22&amp;pg=PT144 |title=Khaki in Dust Storm: Communal Colours and Political Assassinations (1980–1991) Police Diaries Book 1 |date=2020-12-18 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-93-88630-89-4 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Assassination of Lalit Maken===<br /> Jinda and [[Sukhdev Singh Sukha]] assassinated [[Congress(I)]] [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]] [[Lalit Maken]] on 31 July 1985,&lt;ref name=&quot;tribuneindia.com&quot;/&gt; when he was moving towards his car parked across the road from his house in Kirti Nagar, Delhi. The three assailants continued firing even as Maken ran towards his house for cover. Maken's wife Geetanjali and a visitor, Balkishan, were also caught in the firing and died.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Congress(I) MP Lalit Maken, wife shot dead by unidentified assailants in Delhi |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19850815-congressi-mp-lalit-maken-wife-shot-dead-by-unidentified-assailants-in-delhi-801891-2014-01-01 |access-date=2023-06-01 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The assailants escaped on their scooters. Lalit Maken was considered to be involved in the killings of Sikhs during the [[1984 Anti-Sikh riots]]. In a 31-page booklet titled '[[Who Are The Guilty]]', [[People's Union for Civil Liberties]] (PUCL) listed 227 people who led the mobs, which killed up to 18,000 Sikhs over three days. Lalit Maken's name was third on the list.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title= A Life sentence - A Sessions Court in Delhi sentences Ranjit Singh Gill, accused in the murder of Congress(I) MP Lalit Maken, to life imprisonment |url= http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fline/fl2007/stories/20030411002004500.htm |access-date=19 February 2016 |url-status=usurped |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110429183514/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fline/fl2007/stories/20030411002004500.htm |archive-date= 29 April 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; A press report has indicated that someone named Bakshish Singh was also involved along with Jinda in this assassination.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/orlandosentinel/access/91828560.html?dids=91828560:91828560&amp;FMT=ABS&amp;FMTS=ABS:FT&amp;type=current&amp;date=Sep+22%2C+1985&amp;author=United+Press+International&amp;pub=Orlando+Sentinel&amp;desc=POLICE+IN+INDIA+ARREST+100+DURING+HUNT+FOR+ASSASSINS&amp;pqatl=google |title=Orlando Sentinel – Orlando, Fla |publisher=Pqasb.pqarchiver.com |date=22 September 1985 |access-date=6 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617223847/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/orlandosentinel/access/91828560.html?dids=91828560:91828560&amp;FMT=ABS&amp;FMTS=ABS:FT&amp;type=current&amp;date=Sep+22%2C+1985&amp;author=United+Press+International&amp;pub=Orlando+Sentinel&amp;desc=POLICE+IN+INDIA+ARREST+100+DURING+HUNT+FOR+ASSASSINS&amp;pqatl=google |archive-date=17 June 2013 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> Ranjit Singh &quot;Gill&quot; was arrested by Interpol in New Jersey, USA on 14 May 1987, a federal magistrate approved his extradition on 6 February 1988&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/06/nyregion/metro-dateline-extradition-of-sikh-is-approved-in-jersey.html |title=METRO DATELINE; Extradition of Sikh Is Approved in Jersey|work=[[The New York Times]] |date=6 February 1988}}&lt;/ref&gt; and he was deported back to India in February 2000 after lengthy legal cases and was sentenced to life imprisonment on 24 February 2003. Finally his life sentence was commuted on 20 May 2009.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2009/20090521/punjab.htm#11 |title=Kukki's sentence commuted |author=Sanjeev Singh Bariana |publisher=Tribuneindia.com |date=20 May 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Attempted assassination of Rajiv Gandhi and Zail Singh ===<br /> Harjinder Singh Jinda revealed in interrogation that immediately after killing [[Lalit Maken]] he took position outside of a hospital anticipating [[Rajiv Gandhi]] and [[Zail Singh]] to visit. He planned to kill them both. He was unable to get a shot because of a large crowd.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jain Commission - Threats to Rajiv Gandhi - Chapter 1 Sections 1&amp;2 |url=https://tamilnation.org/intframe/india/jaincommission/threats_to_rajiv/ch1sec1.html |access-date=2023-06-01 |website=tamilnation.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Assassination of Arjan Dass ===<br /> {{Main|Assassination of Arjun Dass}}<br /> [[Congress (I)]] leader, member of [[Delhi Metropolitan Council]], and close associate of [[Sanjay Gandhi]], Arjun Dass was assassinated on 5 September 1985&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=-R8yAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=1122,1500168&amp;dq=dass+rajiv+sikh&amp;hl=en |title=Sikh gunmen kill friend of Gandhi; cabinet holds emergency meeting|work=Montreal Gazette|date=5 September 1985 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=x2MUAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=3046,2172530&amp;dq=dass+rajiv+sikh&amp;hl=en |title=Sydney Morning Herald |date=1 September 1985 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{failed verification|date=February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; by Jinda,&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot; /&gt; [[Sukhdev Singh Sukha|Sukha]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2007/stories/20030411002004500.htm |title=Welcome to Frontline : Vol. 28 :: No. 26 |publisher=Hinduonnet.com |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100302120102/http://hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2007/stories/20030411002004500.htm |archive-date=2 March 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; using [[sten]]guns because of his involvement in [[1984 Anti-Sikh riots]]. His plain clothed bodyguard, a Constable, was also killed. 5 others were wounded. Jinda and Sukha left the scene shouting, “Long live Khalistan”.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Roy |first=Nilova |date=1985-09-05 |title=Ally of Indian Premier Assassinated |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1985/09/05/ally-of-indian-premier-assassinated/6c57e794-b2a2-4fdb-8ca0-6fa8e0b79944/ |access-date=2023-06-01 |issn=0190-8286}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tempest |first=Rone |date=1985-09-05 |title=Gandhi Friend Slain; Sikhs Are Suspected : Victim a New Delhi Councilman; Three Gunmen Make Attack |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-09-05-mn-24742-story.html |access-date=2023-06-01 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Arjan Dass's name appeared in various affidavits submitted by Sikh victims to [[Nanavati Commission]] which was headed by [[G.T. Nanavati]], retired Judge of the [[Supreme Court of India]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mha.nic.in/Nanavati-I.pdf] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060511230458/http://www.mha.nic.in/Nanavati-I.pdf|date=11 May 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was also identified among organisers of the carnage.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Irfan |url=http://www.sabrang.com/cc/archive/2009/nov09/cover5.html |title=CC October 2009 |publisher=Sabrang.com }}&lt;/ref&gt; Arjun Dass was a close friend of [[Prime Minister of India]] Rajiv Gandhi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hlwxAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=5796,1495569&amp;dq=dass+rajiv+sikh&amp;hl=en |title= Congress politician is slain by 3 gunmen |publisher=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|via=News.google.com |date=5 September 1985}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Arrest and escape ===<br /> On 16 January 1986, Jinda was arrested by [[Delhi Police]]. He was arrested over a theft of a car, but soon connected with a bank robbery in [[Ahmedabad]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Grewal |first=Manraj |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iH5uAAAAMAAJ |title=Dreams After Darkness: A Search for the Life Ordinary Under the Shadow of 1984 |date=2004 |publisher=Rupa &amp; Company |isbn=978-81-291-0479-3 |pages=78, 80 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Police at the time did not know of Jinda’s previous crimes. After an initial interrogation police realised that he was a high profile militant, but still did not know what crimes he had committed. He was suspected of bank robberies. He was interrogated after by [[Ved Marwah]] at the Crime Branch Interrogation Centre. After this he was transferred to [[Gujarat]] and the case was taken over by [[Gujarat Police]]. He escaped at [[Ahmedabad]] while being transported to court from jail.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Marwah |first=Ved |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V4UiAQAAMAAJ |title=Uncivil Wars: Pathology of Terrorism in India |date=1997 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=978-81-7223-251-1 |pages=16 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kanth |first=Amod K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7PYMEAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=harjinder+singh+jinda+gujarat&amp;pg=PT140 |title=Khaki in Dust Storm: Communal Colours and Political Assassinations (1980–1991) Police Diaries Book 1 |date=2020-12-18 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-93-88630-89-4 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is said to have, “…literally walked out of police custody…”.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pak-trained Sikh terrorist Jinda continue to embarrass police forces, CBI |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19860531-pak-trained-sikh-terrorist-jinda-continue-to-embarrass-police-forces-cbi-800897-1986-05-30 |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Jalandhar bank robbery ===<br /> According to Harjinder Singh Jinda after [[Labh Singh]] was broken free they both met each other in Jalandhar along with [[Manbir Singh Chaheru]]. By this time Jinda was part of [[Khalistan Commando Force]]. Chaheru had told them that they were in urgent need of money. Labh Singh and Jinda told Chaheru that they would get the cash in a week. They began to scout banks in Jalandhar and selected one to rob. 3 days later at 11 in the morning Labh Singh, Jinda, and others robbed the bank of {{INRConvert|1.25|m|year=1986}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jail Chithiyan. Bhai Harjinder Singh Jinda Ate Bhai Sukhdev Singh Sukha (Singhs of Keysborough) {{!}} PDF {{!}} South Asia {{!}} Punjab |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/180460421/jail-chithiyan-bhai-harjinder-singh-jinda-ate-bhai-sukhdev-singh-sukha-singhs-of-keysborough |access-date=2023-06-01 |website=Scribd |language=en |archive-date=1 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601050620/https://www.scribd.com/document/180460421/jail-chithiyan-bhai-harjinder-singh-jinda-ate-bhai-sukhdev-singh-sukha-singhs-of-keysborough |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Asi Attwadi Nahi by Jinda Sukha {{!}} PDF |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/242281164/Asi-Attwadi-Nahi-by-Jinda-Sukha |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=Scribd |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Assassination of General Vaidya===<br /> In 1984, General [[Arun Vaidya]] had planned and supervised&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A0DE3DD1F3EF934A2575BC0A960948260&amp;n=Top%2FReference%2FTimes%20Topics%2FSubjects%2FS%2FSikhs%20(Sect) |title=IN BRIEF; Indian General Who Raided Temple Is Slain |work=The New York Times |date=17 August 1986}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Operation Blue Star]], a controversial military operation ordered by [[Indira Gandhi]], then [[Prime Minister of India]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2004/jun/03spec.htm |title=Operation Bluestar, 20 Years On |work=Rediff.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; in order to flush out a group of heavily armed Sikh militants in June 1984 at the [[Harmandir Sahib|Golden Temple]], the holiest shrine of the Sikhs.<br /> <br /> Vaidya had moved to [[Pune]] after his retirement from the army. On 10 August 1986, General [[Arun Vaidya]] was shot to death by Jinda and [[Sukhdev Singh Sukha|Sukha]] while he was driving his car home from the market.&lt;ref name=&quot;shrineleaderkilled&quot;&gt;[[Associated Press]]. &quot;Shrine Leader Killed in Ambush&quot;, ''[[The Dallas Morning News]]'', 11 August 1986.&lt;/ref&gt; According to the police, the assailants pulled up next to his car on motor scooters and fired eight or nine shots into the car.&lt;ref name=&quot;topgeneralassasinated&quot;&gt;Weisman, Steven R. &quot;A Top Indian General is Assassinated&quot;, ''[[Seattle Post-Intelligencer]]'', 11 August 1986.&lt;/ref&gt; Vaidya reportedly died instantly of head and neck wounds. His wife, who was also in the car, was wounded by four bullets in her back and thighs.&lt;ref name=&quot;sikhskillexarmycheif&quot;&gt;Sun-Times Wires. &quot;Sikhs kill ex-army chief, massacre revenge hinted&quot;, ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]'', 11 August 1986.&lt;/ref&gt; According to Indian intelligence sources, Vaidya had been the number four assassination target on lists by Sikh militants and he was one of several people killed in retaliation for Operation Blue Star.&lt;ref name=&quot;generalcremated&quot;&gt;[[Associated Press]]. &quot;General cremated; Sikhs admit to killing&quot;, c/o ''[[Houston Chronicle]]'', 11 August 1986.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;vaidyamurdercase&quot;&gt;&quot;The Vaidya Murder Case: Confirming Death Sentences&quot;, ''[[India Abroad]]''. (New York edition). New York, N.Y.: 24 July 1992. Vol.XXII, Issue. 43; pg.20.&lt;/ref&gt; Following the assassination, the [[Khalistan Commando Force]] issued a statement declaring that Vaidya had been killed in retaliation for the [[Operation Blue Star]].&lt;ref name=&quot;generalcremated&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> === Attempted Assassination of Khushwant Singh ===<br /> After killing Vaidya Jinda searched for [[Khushwant Singh]] who had been on the hit list of Sikhs for his comments against Sant Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale. Jinda made his way to Delhi and entered Khushwant’s apartment. Jinda drank some water and look at Khushwant’s sitting room. Jinda then trailed Khushwant to [[Kasauli]], but decided to leave him after feeling he was being shadowed.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Khushwant |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnquSjRgqksC&amp;dq=harjinder+singh+jinda+escaped&amp;pg=PT421 |title=Truth Love and A Little Malice |date=2003-02-10 |publisher=Penguin UK |isbn=978-93-5118-135-4 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Attack on Director General of Punjab Police ===<br /> {{Main|Attempted assassination of Julio Ribeiro}}<br /> <br /> On 3 October 1986, 6 men&lt;ref name=&quot;indiatoday.in&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Punjab Police chief Julio Francis Ribeiro narrowly escapes terror attack |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19861031-punjab-police-chief-julio-francis-ribeiro-narrowly-escapes-terror-attack-801364-1986-10-30 |access-date=2023-06-01 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; identified in the press as Sikh militants in police uniforms attacked [[Director general of police|Director General]] of [[Punjab Police (India)|Punjab Police]] [[Julio Francis Ribeiro]] inside his headquarters in the city of Jalandhar, Punjab, with automatic weapons.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Belle |first=G.G. |date=3 October 1986 |title=Disguised Sikhs attack compound of police chief |page=3 |publisher=[[The Free-Lance Star]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=pNAVAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=6467,1005649&amp;dq=ribeiro+attack+headquarters |url-status=dead |access-date=1 October 2009 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120713072745/http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=pNAVAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=2BMEAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=6467,1005649&amp;dq=ribeiro+attack+headquarters |archive-date=13 July 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; According to Ribeiro he was strolling with his wife when Sikh militants in a jeep disguised as a police one asked to inspect a guards gun. The guards gave the gun for inspection. Soon three Sikh began climbing the wall and sprayed fire. After 2 minutes of fire they fled. Throughout all of this no officer returned fire or attempted to chase the Sikh.&lt;ref name=&quot;indiatoday.in&quot;/&gt; According to Jinda the attack on Riberio was a primary goal for them. Jinda recruited PAP officers to assist them in the attack. According to Jinda Labh Singh, Ajit Singh, Dalwinder Singh, Charanjit Singh Channi, Kanwarjit Singh Sultanwadi, Vijaypal Singh, and Head Constable Dhanna Singh took part in the action.&lt;ref&gt;Asi Attwadi Nahi by Harjinder Singh Jinda and Sukhdev Singh Sukha page 102&lt;/ref&gt; One guard was killed, and Ribeiro, his wife, and four other officers were injured. Ribeiro's wound was minor, but his wife was hospitalized.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Boca Raton News - Google News Archive Search |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=9PEPAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=4966,638725&amp;dq=ribeiro+sikh |website=news.google.com}}{{Dead link|date=May 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Spokane Chronicle - Google News Archive Search |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=a7ISAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=2548,967763&amp;dq=ribeiro+sikh |website=news.google.com}}{{Dead link|date=May 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Free Lance-Star - Google News Archive Search |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=43EQAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=6635,476265&amp;dq=ribeiro+sikh |website=news.google.com}}{{Dead link|date=May 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Tempest |first=Rone |date=4 October 1986 |title=Aide Battling Sikh Terrorism Survives Attack |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-10-04-mn-4029-story.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Khalistan Commando Force]] later claimed responsibility for this attack.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Spokesman-Review - Google News Archive Search |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=MOIRAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=5113,1949144&amp;dq=ribeiro+sikh |website=news.google.com}}{{Dead link|date=May 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; KCF leader Labh Singh allegedly led the attack.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Walia |first=Varinder |date=25 January 2002 |title=Panjwar village hums with poll activity |publisher=Tribuneindia.com |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020125/punjab1.htm |access-date=30 September 2009 |quote=...who was responsible for the attack on Mr J.F. Rebeiro, the then DGP...}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=The Windsor Star |date=24 April 2008 |title=India files complaint over 'martyrs' parade |url=http://www.canada.com/windsorstar/news/story.html?id=4e9019ee-c9cd-4459-8a1f-e4f08238125e |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160123142933/http://www.canada.com/windsorstar/news/story.html?id=4e9019ee-c9cd-4459-8a1f-e4f08238125e |archive-date=23 January 2016 |access-date=23 January 2016 |publisher=Canada.com |quote=One of those featured – Gen. Labh Singh – led the assassination attempt on the director-general of Punjab police, Julio Ribeiro, in 1986.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jinda was also part of the group that attacked Riberio.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7lo8AAAAMAAJ |title=IDSA News Review on South Asia/Indian Ocean |date=1987 |publisher=Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses |pages=789 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Assassination of Kalicharan Sharma ===<br /> In November 1986 Jinda and fellow KCF members killed Congress leader Kalicharan Sharma in [[Ludhiana]]. He was a major leader of [[Hindus]]. Sharma had been a critic of the [[Punjabi Suba movement]], and [[Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Terrorism returns to Punjab, militants once again give call for Khalistan |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19861130-terrorism-returns-to-punjab-militants-once-again-give-call-for-khalistan-801458-1986-11-29 |access-date=2023-06-29 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> === Assassination of Inspector General Trilok Chand Katoch ===<br /> On 11 January 1987, Jinda and a fellow militant of the Khalistan Commando Force assassinated [[Inspector general|Inspector General]] of Punjab Prisons Trilok Chand Katoch.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xC0MAQAAMAAJ |title=Keesing's Record of World Events |date=1987 |publisher=Longman |pages=35250 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Katoch was killed in 3 shoots near his home in [[Chandigarh]]. Jinda and another fled on a scooter. Katoch was the highest ranking police official to be killed up to that point.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-04-12 |title=India Prison Official Slain by Sikhs - Los Angeles Times |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-01-11-mn-4089-story.html |access-date=2023-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412214553/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-01-11-mn-4089-story.html |archive-date=12 April 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Jinda reavled the reasons why Katoch was assassinated in his letters. According to him Katoch had tortured Sikhs and falsely imprisoned them. Most notably he tortured Nachitar Singh Rode, the assassin of [[Lala Jagat Narain]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> === India's biggest bank robbery===<br /> On 13 February 1987, Jinda along with other members of [[Khalistan Commando Force]], including its chief general [[Labh Singh]], participated in the biggest bank robbery of [[India]]n history and robbed Rs. {{INRConvert|57|m|year=1987}} from [[Punjab National Bank]], Miller Gunj branch, [[Ludhiana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;tribuneindia.com&quot;/&gt; a part of this robbed money belonged to the [[Reserve Bank of India]], India's central bank.&lt;ref name=&quot;pqasb.pqarchiver.com&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;highbeam.com&quot;/&gt; The [[Chicago Sun-Times]] reported that &quot;12 to 15 Sikhs dressed as policemen and armed with submachine guns and rifles escaped with nearly $4.5 million in the biggest bank robbery in Indian history.&quot; &quot;No one was injured.&quot; A Police spokesman described it as &quot;a neat and clean operation&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;CSTbankrob&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=13 February 1987 |title=Sikhs rob India bank of $4.5 million |newspaper=Chicago Sun-Times |url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-3810376.html |url-status=dead |access-date=21 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021140733/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-3810376.html |archive-date=21 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; As per [http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Paramjit-Singh-Panjwar--Khalistan-Commando-Force-/394235 Indian Express], current [[Khalistan Commando Force|KCF]] chief Paramjit Singh Panjwar was also involved in it.<br /> <br /> It was documented as &quot;Biggest Bank Robbery&quot; under &quot;Curiosities and wonders&quot; in [[Limca Book of Records]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Limca Book of Records|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IP1tAAAAMAAJ|year=1999|publisher=Bisleri Beverages Limited}}&lt;/ref&gt; Other [[Khalistan Commando Force]] members who participated with Jinda in this event were Mathra Singh,&lt;ref name=&quot;Asian Recorder&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Asian Recorder|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YqBtAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=K. K. Thomas at Recorder Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; Paramjit Singh Panjwar,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Paramjit-Singh-Panjwar--Khalistan-Commando-Force-/394235 |title=Paramjit Singh Panjwar (Khalistan Commando Force) – Indian Express |work=Indianexpress|date=4 December 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; Satnam Singh Bawa,&lt;ref name=&quot;Asian Recorder&quot; /&gt; Gurnam Singh Bundala&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/19981012/28551244.html |title=Sorry |work=Indianexpress}}{{dead link|date=February 2018|fix-attempted=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Sukhdev Singh Sukha]], [[Daljit Singh Bittu]],&lt;ref name=&quot;cities.expressindia.com&quot;&gt;[http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=203376 &lt;!-- |accessdate=27 July 2009 --&gt;] {{dead link|date=February 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;indiarightsonline.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.indiarightsonline.com/Sabrang/armed1.nsf/38b852a8345861dd65256a980059289d/308bbafc7afcad6fe5256be600458270/$FILE/bac37002.pdf |title=Killers of Lalit Maken held |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713025322/http://www.indiarightsonline.com/Sabrang/armed1.nsf/38b852a8345861dd65256a980059289d/308bbafc7afcad6fe5256be600458270/%24FILE/bac37002.pdf |archive-date=13 July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://archive.today/20131211064709/http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=148524&lt;/ref&gt; Gursharan Singh Gamma&lt;ref name=&quot;cities.expressindia.com&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;indiarightsonline.com&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.indiarightsonline.com/Sabrang/armed1.nsf/38b852a8345861dd65256a980059289d/308bbafc7afcad6fe5256be600458270/%24FILE/bac37002.pdf |title=IN one of the most remarkable |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713025322/http://www.indiarightsonline.com/Sabrang/armed1.nsf/38b852a8345861dd65256a980059289d/308bbafc7afcad6fe5256be600458270/%24FILE/bac37002.pdf |archive-date=13 July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; and Pritpal Singh&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ministryoftruth.org.uk/category/news-current-events/ |title=News &amp; Current Events |publisher=Ministry of Truth |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100506013039/http://www.ministryoftruth.org.uk/category/news-current-events/ |archive-date=6 May 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt; etc. It enabled his organisation [[Khalistan Commando Force]] to buy weapons&lt;ref name=&quot;Kumar1997&quot; /&gt; such as AK-47 rifles.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dhillon2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Kirpal S. Dhillon|title=Identity and Survival: Sikh Militancy in India, 1978-1993|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3eBuAAAAMAAJ|year=2006|publisher=Penguin Group USA|isbn=978-0-14-310036-2}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Los Angeles Times]] has mentioned that bank robberies have been a major means of financing the Sikh militants' campaign for a separate state of Khalistan.&lt;ref name=&quot;pqasb.pqarchiver.com&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> === Assassination of Communist leader ===<br /> On 16 February 1987, Harjinder Singh Jinda killed [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] veteran leader and [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] Chanan Singh near [[Hoshiarpur]]. In a letter to the media Jinda said that Dhoot committed blasphemy and spoke out against Sikhs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Bhupinder |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rik0EAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Chanan+Singh+Dhoot+killed&amp;pg=PT53 |title=Punjab Politics: Retrospect and Prospect |publisher=Readworthy |isbn=978-93-5018-082-2 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=ਧੂਤ ਦੇ ਕਤਲ ਦੀ ਜ਼ਿੰਮੇਵਾਰੀ ਜਿੰਦਾ ਨੇ ਲਈ-ਪੁਲਸ ਨੂੰ ਸਖਤ ਤਾੜਨਾ |work=Ajit}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Escape ===<br /> On 30 March 1987 Harjinder Singh Jinda was being transported by police. 15 KCF members, who were armed with submachine guns and pistols, surrounded a rouge police van and blocked the front and back with two vehicles. They demanded Jinda be released or they would open fire. Jinda was released and the militants fled.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sikh militants stopped a police van in northern Punjab... - UPI Archives |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1987/03/30/Sikh-militants-stopped-a-police-van-in-northern-Punjab/4921544078800/ |access-date=2023-05-21 |website=UPI |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Archives |first=L. A. Times |date=1987-03-31 |title=Convoy Ambushed; Sikh Extremist Freed |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-03-31-mn-1627-story.html |access-date=2023-05-21 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Sikh moral code ===<br /> In late March 1987 Jinda and Labh Singh issued a moral code to which they insisted all Sikh should adhere. The policies were to end dancing at weddings, end music at weddings, end to the wearing of non-traditional clothing, no tweezing of eyebrows for girls, no snipping of beards for boys, no ''[[baraat]]s'' that include more than 11 people, no participation in Hindu ''[[Jagarana|jagratas]]'' or all-night prayers, no associating with [[Radha Soami|Radhasoami]] Sikhs, no school uniforms that are not saffron black, and white and the end of the sale and consumption of meat, alcohol and tobacco.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=AISSF forces shopkeepers to shut liquor and meat shops in Punjab |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19870430-aissf-forces-shopkeepers-to-shut-liquor-and-meat-shops-in-punjab-798798-1987-04-29 |access-date=2023-09-14 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sikh militants in Punjab, putting a moral edge on... - UPI Archives |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1987/05/10/Sikh-militants-in-Punjab-putting-a-moral-edge-on/5864547617600/ |access-date=2023-05-21 |website=UPI |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Those who did not respect the law were warned that they would be burnt alive. The code was largely followed. Sikh women began wearing traditional clothing and many meat, alcohol and tobacco shops closed. Many restaurants introduced vegetarian items to their menus. Some did not follow the decree which put them in danger. Those who did not follow were forced to either pay off Sikhs or get security. Sikh leaders generally supported the decree. The enforcement of the decree in its first 2 months resulted in at least 6 killed, 60 shops burned, and complete or partial closure of 1,500 businesses.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> One survey found that there were no meat or cigarette shops between [[Amritsar]] and [[Phagwara]]. Restaurants that had previously served meat had removed it from their menus and denied having ever serving it.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> According to Assistant Deputy Inspector General of Police in Jalandhar A.S. Siddiqui the moral code had significant popularity among Sikhs especially those living in the rural area. He said, “Women seem to be pleased with it and there is also the fact that the [[All India Sikh Students Federation|AISSF]] has been on a massive recruitment drive through their ''amrit prachar'' (preaching of Sikh [[Khalsa|baptism]]) meetings. There is one meeting a day in the state, and after every meeting an estimated 200 youths pledge themselves to the service of the [[Khalsa|panth]].&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Militants justified the moral code by saying, &quot;No [[avatar]]s, Hindu or Sikh, ever did these things. To eat meat is the job of ''[[rakshasa]]s'' ([[demon]]s) and we don't want people to become ''rakshasas''.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Arrest and death==<br /> On 17 September 1986, [[Sukhdev Singh Sukha|Sukha]] got into an accident with a truck in Pimpri, Pune and was arrested. He was riding the same black motorcycle which was used at the time of assassination of General Vaidya. Jinda was arrested at Gurdwara Majnoo Daa Tilla, [[Delhi]] on 31 August 1987.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Grewal |first=Manraj |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iH5uAAAAMAAJ |title=Dreams After Darkness: A Search for the Life Ordinary Under the Shadow of 1984 |date=2004 |publisher=Rupa &amp; Company |isbn=978-81-291-0479-3 |pages=78, 80 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Police Report Arrest of Suspected Top Sikh Terrorist |url=https://apnews.com/article/119644ad3b7ebc0275474a33347b1472 |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=AP NEWS |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was shot in the legs at the time of his arrest. During their court trial, despite admitting to the killing, they pleaded not-guilty, justifying their actions by saying that Vaidya was &quot;guilty of a serious crime, the punishment for which could only be death&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;vaidyamurdercase&quot;/&gt; They were awarded death sentences at 2:05&amp;nbsp;pm on 21 October 1989. Sukha and Jinda also wrote a letter to president of India asking for &quot;No-Clemency&quot; prior to their hanging.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sikhstudentsfederation.com/link7/documents5a.html |title=sikhstudentsfederation.com |publisher=sikhstudentsfederation.com |accessdate=2013-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 9 October 1992, early in the morning, Sukhdev Singh &quot;Sukha&quot; and Harjinder Singh &quot;Jinda&quot; were [[Hanging|executed by hanging]] in Pune Jail. ''The Independent World'' mentioned &quot;While being led from their cell to the gallows set up in the Yerawada gaol yard, the two convicted killers shouted slogans for Sikh independence in the Punjab&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;independent.co.uk&quot;&gt;{{cite news| url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/protests-after-hanging-of-sikhs-1556488.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/protests-after-hanging-of-sikhs-1556488.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live | location=London | work=The Independent | first=Tim | last=Mcgirk | title=Protests after hanging of Sikhs – World – News – The Independent | date=10 October 1992}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> Both of them were hanged at 4&amp;nbsp;am in [[Yerwada Central Jail]] Pune while extraordinary security was deployed at the jail and in the periphery of Pune to oppose any possible Sikh militants attack. Security was also tightened all over Northern India.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=EbcTAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=2918,3892758&amp;dq=harjinder+singh+jinda|title=Sikh assassins of ex-general hanged|work=New Straits Times Malaysia|via=News.google.com|date=10 October 1992}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Public protests===<br /> ''The Independent World'' reported that &quot;..their hanging sparked off protests by students and shop-keepers in the Sikh-dominated state of Punjab&quot; and &quot;Security forces were put on alert in New Delhi, Pune, the southern city where the two assassins were hanged, and throughout the Punjab.&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;independent.co.uk&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Memorial service and subsequent seizure of Golden Temple by the government===<br /> On their memorial service, hundreds of troops and police surrounded the [[Harmandir Sahib|Golden Temple]]. In the early morning hundreds of Sikhs were ordered to move out of the [[Harmandir Sahib|Golden Temple]]. Sikh leaders [[Simranjit Singh Mann]], [[Gurcharan Singh Tohra]] and 300 others were arrested in the statewide arrests. Some people were baton charged when they tried to enter this religious place. Approximately 300 Sikhs openly resisted the police clampdown and held the 30-minute memorial service inside the complex while chanting slogans hailing the assassins and in support of Sikh homeland [[Khalistan]]. Jinda and Sukha's fathers were presented with gold medals by [[Harmandir Sahib|Golden Temple]] priest. Police seize of the temple was lifted 3 hours after the memorial service&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/sikhs-defy-police-to-mourn-killers-1558282.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/sikhs-defy-police-to-mourn-killers-1558282.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live | location=London | work=The Independent | title=Sikhs defy police to mourn killers – World – News – The Independent | date=19 October 1992}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=KC&amp;p_theme=kc&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0EAF3E4969EB10B0&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D&amp;s_trackval=GooglePM |title=Van bombed: A bomb blew up an Israeli van in the occupied West Bank on Saturday night, killing one passenger and seriously injuring two others, official military sources said |work=Kansas City Star|via=Nl.newsbank.com |accessdate=2013-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Honours and anniversaries==<br /> In October 1999, his death anniversary was celebrated in his village Gadli, Amritsar district, where chief of [[Akal Takhat]] Amritsar, Giani Puran Singh declared Jinda a national martyr while justifying his action of killing general Vaidya. Some Akali leaders stayed away from this function.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.indiarightsonline.com/Sabrang/relipolcom9.nsf/5e7647d942f529c9e5256c3100376e2e/f3235c44e2a4bbd165256cce0027a361/$FILE/bac31539.pdf |title=Sikh cleric lauds Vaidya killers, embarrasses Akalis |publisher=Indiarightsonline.com |access-date=2013-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222205220/http://www.indiarightsonline.com/Sabrang/relipolcom9.nsf/5e7647d942f529c9e5256c3100376e2e/f3235c44e2a4bbd165256cce0027a361/$FILE/bac31539.pdf |archive-date=22 February 2012 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 9 October 2000, representatives of all major Sikh bodies, including ruling [[Shiromani Akali Dal]], the [[Sarb Hind Shiromani Akali Dal|SHSAD]], the [[SGPC]], the [[Damdami Taksal]], [[All India Sikh Students Federation|AISSF]] and the [[Dal Khalsa (International)|Dal Khalsa]] attended the eighth death anniversary of Harjinder Singh Jinda and Sukhdev Singh Sukha. To honour Jinda and Sukha, Giani Joginder Singh Vedanti, Head of [[Akal Takht]] (Supreme Sikh temporal seat), performed the 'ardas' (a Sikh religious rite). Both Sukha and Jinda were declared &quot;great martyrs&quot; of the Sikh nation during this event.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20001010/punjab.htm#13 |title=Vedanti performs 'ardas' for Sukha, Jinda|publisher=Tribuneindia.com |date=10 October 2000}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 9 October 2002, according to The Tribune, on Jinda's death anniversary, &quot;Tributes were paid to the assassins of General Vaidya – Jinda and Sukhdev Singh Sukha&quot; and Jinda's mother was honoured by Giani Joginder Singh Vedanti, chief of [[Akal Takhat]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20021010/punjab1.htm#13 |title=Takht honours Jinda's mother |publisher=Tribuneindia.com |date=10 October 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In October 2005, the anniversary of his death was celebrated in his native village of Gadli by various Sikh organisation including Dal Khalsa, Damdami Taksal, Akal Federation and Sikh Students Federation etc.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;/&gt; and his family was again honoured by Dal Khalsa in Fateh Garh Sahib in Punjab, India.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20041226/punjab1.htm#12 |title=Dal Longowal guns for Badal |publisher=Tribuneindia.com |accessdate=2013-11-07|date=25 December 2004}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Dashmesh Durbar Sikh temple in Surrey, Canada recently organised special prayers for both Jinda and Sukha in Canada&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title= Exiled rebels |date= 22 October 2008|work=Asian Pacific Post|url= http://www.southasianpost.com/portal2/c1ee8c441d26ef48011d2ab67c09003d_Exiled_rebels.do.html |access-date=28 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090109055207/http://www.southasianpost.com/portal2/c1ee8c441d26ef48011d2ab67c09003d_Exiled_rebels.do.html |archive-date= 9 January 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 9 October 2008, [[Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee]] honoured kin of Jinda and [[Sukhdev Singh Sukha|Sukha]] in the [[Harmandir Sahib|Golden Temple]] complex, to mark the anniversaries of their death. [[Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee|SGPC]] declared Jinda and [[Sukhdev Singh Sukha|Sukha]] 'martyrs of Sikh nation' and added that Jinda and [[Sukhdev Singh Sukha|Sukha]] took revenge of [[Operation Blue Star]].&lt;ref name=&quot;tribuneindia.com&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://sikhstudentsfederation.com/link7/documents5a.html Letter sent by the two to the President of India asking for no clemency] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221441/http://sikhstudentsfederation.com/link7/documents5a.html |date=3 March 2016 }}<br /> *[http://sikhstudentsfederation.com/link7/documents5a.html Letter of Bhai Sukha-Jinda in Panjabi Language] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221441/http://sikhstudentsfederation.com/link7/documents5a.html |date=3 March 2016 }}<br /> *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090321153822/http://saintsoldiers.net/sikh-martyrs/sukhdev-and-harjinder-singh Harjinder Singh Jinda &amp; Sukhdev Singh Sukha Biography].<br /> <br /> {{Khalistan movement}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Jinda, Harjinder Singh}}<br /> [[Category:1961 births]]<br /> [[Category:1992 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:1985 murders in India]]<br /> [[Category:1986 murders in India]]<br /> [[Category:Punjabi Sikhs]]<br /> [[Category:Khalistan movement people]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century executions by India]]<br /> [[Category:People convicted of murder by India]]<br /> [[Category:Executed Indian people]]<br /> [[Category:People executed by India by hanging]]<br /> [[Category:Military personnel from Amritsar]]<br /> [[Category:Sikh warriors]]<br /> [[Category:Bank robbers]]<br /> [[Category:Indian assassins]]<br /> [[Category:Indian people convicted of murder]]<br /> [[Category:Executed assassins]]<br /> [[Category:Prisoners and detainees of Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian murderers]]<br /> &lt;!--Attempted assassination of Rajiv Gandhi and Zail Singh--&gt;</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Second_Chandy_ministry&diff=475817 2026-03-20T15:55:33Z

<p>Singh142536: rework details for consistency as per guidelines</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Period in Indian politics, 2011–2016}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}<br /> {{multiple image<br /> | align = right<br /> | direction = horizontal<br /> | header = UDF government<br /> | image1 = <br /> | width1 = 240<br /> | alt1 = <br /> | caption1 = <br /> | total_width = <br /> | image2 = <br /> | caption2 = <br /> }}<br /> {{Infobox government cabinet<br /> | cabinet_type = Ministry<br /> | cabinet_number = 21st<br /> | jurisdiction = [[Kerala]]<br /> | flag_border = true<br /> | cabinet_name = Second Oommen Chandy ministry<br /> | incumbent = 2011-2016<br /> | image = Manmohan Singh at the inauguration of the ‘Emerging Kerala-2012–Global Connect’, at Kochi. The Governor of Kerala, Dr. H.R. Bhardwaj, the Defence Minister, Shri A. K. Antony, the Union Minister for Overseas Indian Affairs.jpg<br /> | caption = [[Oommen Chandy]], the [[Chief Minister of Kerala]], with prime minister [[Manmohan Singh]] and Defence Minister [[A. K. Antony]] at ''[[Emerging Kerala]]'' summit, 2012<br /> | image_size = <br /> | date_formed = 18 May 2011 <br /> | date_dissolved = 24 May 2016 <br /> | government_head = [[Oommen Chandy]]<br /> | members_number = 20<br /> | state_head = {{unbulleted list|[[R. S. Gavai]] (till 7 September 2011)|[[M. O. H. Farook]] (8 September 2011 - 26 January 2012)|[[H. R. Bhardwaj]] (26 January 2012 - 22 March 2013)|[[Nikhil Kumar (governor)|Nikhil Kumar]] (23 March 2013 - 5 March 2014 )|[[Sheila Dikshit]] (5 March 2014 - 26 August 2014)|[[P. Sathasivam]] (from 5 September 2014)}}<br /> | political_parties = {{legend2|{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|'''[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]'''|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | legislature_status = [[Majority government|Majority]]<br /> | opposition_party = {{legend2|{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|'''[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]'''|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | opposition_leader = [[V. S. Achuthanandan]]<br /> | election = [[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2011]]<br /> | legislature_term = 5 years<br /> | previous = [[Achuthanandan ministry]]<br /> | successor = [[First Vijayan ministry]]<br /> }}<br /> The [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|United Democratic Front]] [[Government of Kerala|government]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/cmin.htm|title=Council of Ministers - Kerala|publisher=[[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]|access-date=23 May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=119&amp;Itemid=2287 |title=Council of Ministers |access-date=10 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028162602/http://www.kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=119&amp;Itemid=2287 |archive-date=28 October 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt; led by [[Oommen Chandy]] sworn in on 18 May 2011. Seven of the total 20 members of the Cabinet took office on 18 May and the rest sworn in on 23 May after completing discussion with member parties of the UDF.<br /> <br /> == Ministers ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 82%;&quot;<br /> |- <br /> !S.No<br /> !Name<br /> !Department<br /> !Constituency<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Party<br /> |-<br /> |1.<br /> |'''[[Oommen Chandy]]'''<br /> [[Chief Minister of Kerala|Chief Minister]]<br /> |<br /> * General Administration,<br /> * Finance<br /> * State Treasury<br /> * Taxes &amp; Duties<br /> * Excise<br /> * Fisheries<br /> * Port<br /> * Law<br /> * Housing<br /> * All India Services<br /> * Science and Technology<br /> * Scientific Institutes<br /> * Personnel and Administrative Reforms<br /> * Elections<br /> * Integration<br /> * Sainik Welfare<br /> * Distress Relief<br /> * State Hospitality<br /> * Inter State River Waters<br /> * Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice<br /> |[[Puthuppally (State Assembly constituency)|Puthuppally]]<br /> |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br /> | style=&quot;color:inherit;background:#00BFFF&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |'''Cabinet Ministers'''<br /> |-<br /> |2.<br /> |'''[[Ramesh Chennithala]]'''<br /> |<br /> * Minister for Home Affairs<br /> * Vigilance<br /> * Jail<br /> * Fire &amp; Rescue<br /> |[[Haripad (State Assembly constituency)|Haripad]]<br /> |INC<br /> | style=&quot;color:inherit;background:#00BFFF&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> |3.<br /> |'''[[P. K. Kunhalikutty]]'''<br /> |<br /> * Industries<br /> * IT<br /> * Trade &amp; Commerce<br /> * Mining &amp; Geology<br /> * Wakf &amp; Haj Affairs<br /> |[[Vengara (State Assembly constituency)|Vengara]]<br /> |IUML<br /> | style=&quot;color:inherit;background:#347C17&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> |4.<br /> |'''[[Thiruvanchoor Radhakrishnan]]'''<br /> |<br /> * Forests, Wild Life Protection<br /> * Environment<br /> * Sports<br /> * Kerala State Film Development Corporation<br /> * Kerala State Chalachitra Academy<br /> * Kerala Cultural Workers Welfare Fund Board<br /> * Road Transport<br /> * Motor Vehicles<br /> * Water Transport<br /> |[[Kottayam (State Assembly constituency)|Kottayam]]<br /> |INC<br /> | style=&quot;color:inherit;background:#00BFFF&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> |5.<br /> |'''[[Aryadan Muhammed]]'''<br /> |<br /> * Electricity<br /> * Railways<br /> * Post and Telegraph<br /> * Pollution Control<br /> |[[Nilambur (State Assembly constituency)|Nilambur]]<br /> |INC<br /> | style=&quot;color:inherit;background:#00BFFF&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> |6.<br /> |[[K. C. Joseph (Irikkur politician)|'''K. C. Joseph''']]<br /> |<br /> * Information &amp; Public Relations<br /> * Rural Development<br /> * Cultural affairs<br /> * [[Department of Non Resident Keralites Affairs|NORKA]]<br /> * Dairy<br /> |[[Irikkur (State Assembly constituency)|Irikkur]]<br /> |INC<br /> | style=&quot;color:inherit;background:#00BFFF&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> |7.<br /> |'''[[Shibu Baby John]]'''<br /> |<br /> * Labour and Employment<br /> |[[Chavara (State Assembly constituency)|Chavara]]<br /> |[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]]<br /> | style=&quot;color:inherit;background:#FF0000&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> |8.<br /> |'''[[V. S. Sivakumar]]'''<br /> |<br /> * Health<br /> * Devaswom<br /> |[[Thiruvananthapuram (State Assembly constituency)|Thiruvananthapuram]]<br /> |INC<br /> | style=&quot;color:inherit;background:#00BFFF&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> |9.<br /> |'''[[V. K. Ebrahimkunju]]'''<br /> |<br /> * [[Department of Public Works (Kerala)|Public Works]]<br /> | [[Kalamassery (State Assembly constituency)|Kalamassery]]<br /> | [[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]]<br /> | style=&quot;color:inherit;background:#347C17&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> |10.<br /> |'''[[K. P. Mohanan]]'''<br /> |<br /> * Agriculture<br /> * Agriculture university and research<br /> * Warehousing<br /> * State Press<br /> * Animal husbandry<br /> |[[Kuthuparamba (State Assembly constituency)|Kuthuparamba]]<br /> |SJD<br /> | style=&quot;color:inherit;background:#00FF66&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> |11.<br /> |'''[[P. J. Joseph]]'''<br /> |<br /> * Water Resources<br /> * Irrigation<br /> * Inland Navigation<br /> |[[Thodupuzha (State Assembly constituency)|Thodupuzha]]<br /> |[[Kerala Congress (M)|KC(M)]]<br /> | style=&quot;color:inherit;background:#CC9900&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> |12.<br /> |'''[[M. K. Muneer]]'''<br /> |<br /> * Social Welfare<br /> * Grama Panchayath<br /> |[[Kozhikode South (State Assembly constituency)|Kozhikode South]]<br /> |IUML<br /> | style=&quot;color:inherit;background:#347C17&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> |13.<br /> |'''[[A.P. Anil Kumar]]'''<br /> |<br /> * Tourism<br /> * Welfare of Scheduled Castes and Backward Classes<br /> |[[Wandoor (State Assembly constituency)|Wandoor]]<br /> |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br /> | style=&quot;color:inherit;background:#00BFFF&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> |14.<br /> |'''[[Adoor Prakash]]'''<br /> |<br /> * Revenue<br /> * [[Coir]]<br /> |[[Konni (State Assembly constituency)|Konni]]<br /> |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br /> | style=&quot;color:inherit;background:#00BFFF&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> |15.<br /> |'''[[C. N. Balakrishnan]]'''<br /> |<br /> * Co-operation<br /> * [[Khadi]]<br /> * Village Industries<br /> |[[Wadakkanchery (State Assembly constituency)|Wadakkancherry]]<br /> |INC<br /> | style=&quot;color:inherit;background:#00BFFF&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> |16.<br /> |'''[[P. K. Jayalakshmi]]'''<br /> |<br /> * Scheduled tribe<br /> * Youth welfare<br /> * State Archives<br /> * Museums, Zoo<br /> |[[Mananthavady (State Assembly constituency)|Mananthavady]]<br /> |INC<br /> | style=&quot;color:inherit;background:#00BFFF&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> |17.<br /> |'''[[Anoop Jacob]]'''<br /> |<br /> * Food<br /> * Civil supplies<br /> * Registration<br /> |[[Piravom (State Assembly constituency)|Piravom]]<br /> |[[Kerala Congress (Jacob)|KC(Jacob)]]<br /> | style=&quot;color:inherit;background:#CC6600&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> |18.<br /> |'''[[Manjalamkuzhi Ali]]'''<br /> |<br /> * Urban development affairs<br /> * Minority welfare<br /> |[[Perinthalmanna (State Assembly constituency)|Perintalmanna]]<br /> |IUML<br /> | style=&quot;color:inherit;background:#347C17&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> |19.<br /> |'''[[P. K. Abdu Rabb]]'''<br /> |<br /> * Education<br /> * Literacy<br /> * [[National Cadet Corps (India)|NCC]]<br /> |[[Tirurangadi (State Assembly constituency)|Tirurangadi]]<br /> |IUML<br /> | style=&quot;color:inherit;background:#347C17&quot; |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Ex-Ministers==<br /> * [[T. M. Jacob]] - The Minister for Food, Civil supplies and Registration, died on 30 October 2011, and his son [[Anoop Jacob]] won from [[Piravom]] constituency in the by-election. He was given the same Ministry his father held and took office on 12 April 2012<br /> * [[K. B. Ganesh Kumar]], of [[Kerala Congress (B)]], a single-MLA constituent of the ruling UDF, resigned from the Council of Ministers on 1 April 2013 on personal issues. The Chief Minister then restructured the ministry by swapping different ministries between the existing ministers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/story.php?id=265302 |title=Mathrubhumi Latest News മന്ത്രിസഭയില്‍ അഴിച്ചുപണി; തിരുവഞ്ചൂരിന് ആഭ്യന്തരം |access-date=12 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412221515/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/story.php?id=265302 |archive-date=12 April 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/online/malayalam/news/story/1551527/2012-04-13/kerala |title=Kerala News - മന്ത്രിമാരും വകുപ്പുകളും - India, World News - Mathrubhumi Newspaper Edition |access-date=13 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413011216/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/online/malayalam/news/story/1551527/2012-04-13/kerala |archive-date=13 April 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[K. M. Mani]] - Resigned from the post of Minister of Finance and Law on 10 November 2015 after the Kerala High Court's comments on his alleged involvement in Kerala BAR licence scam and bribery case.<br /> * [[K. Babu]] - Resigned from the post of Minister of Excise, Fisheries and Ports on 23 January 2016 after the Kerala High Court's comments on his alleged involvement in Kerala Bar licence scam and bribery case.<br /> <br /> == Chair ==<br /> speaker - <br /> <br /> * [[G. Karthikeyan]] <br /> * [[N. Sakthan]]<br /> <br /> == Achievements ==<br /> [[File:Manmohan Singh being presented a memento at the inauguration of the Total E-Literacy Project, organised by P.N. Panicker Vigyan Vikas Kendra, at Thiruvananthapuram, in Kerala. The Governor of Kerala, Shri Nikhil Kumar.jpg|thumbnail|The inauguration of Complete [[Akshaya project|E-literacy project]] at [[Thiruvananthapuram]] (2014)]]<br /> The Second Oommen Chandy ministry (2011–16) adopted the motto ''Vikasanavum Karuthalum'' (Development and care).&lt;ref name=&quot;cm&quot;/&gt; Sanctioning of [[Unemployment benefits|Unemployment allowance]], and welfare measures for the labourers, were some of the measure of his government.&lt;ref name=&quot;mn&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Chief Ministers, Ministers, and Leaders of Opposition of Kerala|last=|publisher=Secratriat of Kerala Legislature|year=2018|location=Thiruvananthapuram|pages=32|url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/14kla/chief%20ministers,%20ministers,%20leaders%20of%20opposition.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; The ''Karunya'' benevolent scheme was implemented in the year 2011-12 for the free treatment of patients with [[cancer]], [[haemophilia]], [[Kidney disease|kidney]], and [[Heart disease|heart]] diseases.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Karunya Benevolent Fund Scheme extended for one more year|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2020/apr/02/karunya-benevolent-fund-scheme-extended-for-one-more-year-2124595.html|last=Express News Service|date=2 April 2020|work=The New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; More [[Cochlear implant|Cochlear implant surgeries]] were performed during the period.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=43 cochlear implant surgeries performed|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2012/oct/04/43-cochlear-implant-surgeries-performed-412100.html|last=Express News Service|date=4 October 2012|work=New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; More Organ implantation surgeries were done through ''Mruthasanjeevani'' project.&lt;ref name= &quot;clg&quot;/&gt; Oommen Chandy also received the United Nation's Public Service Award for his Mass Contact Programme (''Jana Samparkka Paripadi''), for hearing and solving the complaints of citizens.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Economic Times&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Kerala Chief Minister Oommen Chandy bags UN award for 'mass contact programme'|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/kerala-chief-minister-oommen-chandy-bags-un-award-for-mass-contact-programme/articleshow/20206064.cms|access-date=2020-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[File:Kochi Metro train at Palarivattom, Aug 2017.jpg|thumbnail|[[Kochi metro]] was the fastest completed metro project in [[India]] on its inauguration]]<br /> Oommen Chandy is the only Indian Chief Minister to achieve award for public service from [[United Nations]].&lt;ref name=&quot;cm&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=തലസ്ഥാനത്തെ ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതല്‍ പരിഗണിച്ച മുഖ്യമന്ത്രിയാര് ? കണക്കുകള്‍ പറയുന്നു അത് ഉമ്മന്‍ചാണ്ടി|url=http://www.kalakaumudi.com/malayalam/news/who-is-the-best-cm-in-kerala--2020-09-19.php|access-date=2020-11-06|website=www.kaumudiplus.com|language=en|archive-date=18 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718140430/https://www.kalakaumudi.com/malayalam/news/who-is-the-best-cm-in-kerala--2020-09-19.php|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> Oommen's regime as a [[Chief Minister of Kerala|Chief Minister]] (2011–16) was instrumental in beginning the construction of several massive infrastructure projects as well as some human-welfare schemes in Kerala which includes the [[Kannur International Airport]] in Kannur,&lt;ref name=&quot;oc&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Congress kicks off poll campaign with 'Aiswarya Kerala yatra'|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/congress-kicks-poll-campaign-aiswarya-kerala-yatra-142608|access-date=2020-11-24|website=The News Minute}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ht&quot;/&gt; the [[Kochi Metro]] at [[Kochi]],&lt;ref name=&quot;oc&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Kochi Metro turns a glorious chapter today|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2020/sep/07/kochi-metro-turns-a-glorious-chapter-today-2193400.html|last=|date=7 September 2020|work=New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ht&quot;/&gt; the [[Vizhinjam International Seaport]] at [[Thiruvananthapuram]],&lt;ref name=&quot;oc&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ht&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Kerala: Hitting out at 'misrule' of LDF govt, UDF launches state-wide rally|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/kerala-hitting-out-at-misrule-of-ldf-govt-udf-launches-state-wide-rally-101612103005072.html|last=PTI|date=31 January 2021|work=Hindutan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[SmartCity, Kochi|Smart City project]].&lt;ref name=&quot;oc&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[Technopark, Trivandrum|Technopark]] at [[Thiruvananthapuram]] became the largest [[Information Technology]] park in [[India]] with the inauguration of Phase-3 in 2014.&lt;ref name=&quot;techno&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Technopark becomes largest IT park in the country|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/ites/technopark-becomes-largest-it-park-in-the-country/articleshow/28958104.cms|last=P K Krishnakumar|date=17 January 2014|work=Economic Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Taurus Downtown at Technopark was commenced during the period 2011–16.&lt;ref name=&quot;techno&quot;/&gt; The phase-2 of [[InfoPark, Kochi]] was inaugurated in May 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Infopark second phase {{as written|inag|uration [sic]}} on May 6|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/ites/infopark-second-phase-inaguration-on-may-6/articleshow/47149317.cms|last=ET Bureau|date=4 May 2015|work=Economic Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Phase-2 of [[InfoPark Thrissur]] was completed during the same period.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=CM to inaugurate Koratty infopark|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/CM-to-inaugurate-Koratty-infopark/article13998132.ece|last=Staff Reporter|date=14 January 2016|work=The Hindu}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=nfopark Koratty Phase II starts off with Indeevaram on January 21|url=https://keralaitnews.com/5595/infopark-koratty-phase-ii-starts-off-with-indeevaram-on-january-21/|date=14 January 2014|work=Kerala IT News}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Park Centre of [[Cyberpark|Cybercity]] at [[Kozhikode]] was formally opened by IT Minister [[P.K. Kunhalikutty]] on 15 February 2014.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cyberpark to place Kozhikode on IT map&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Cyberpark to place Kozhikode on IT map|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/cyberpark-to-place-kozhikode-on-it-map/article5686855.ece|access-date=16 February 2014|newspaper=The Hindu|date=14 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Now, Cyberpark puts Kozhikode on the IT map&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Now, Cyberpark puts Kozhikode on the IT map|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/Now-Cyberpark-puts-Kozhikode-on-the-IT-map/articleshow/30482192.cms|access-date=16 February 2014|newspaper=The Times of India|date=16 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; UL Cyberpark at [[Kozhikode]] was inaugurated in January 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=UL CyberPark marks a first in IT sector|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/ul-cyberpark-marks-a-first-in-it-sector/article8274206.ece|last=Govind|first=Biju|date=24 February 2016|work=The Hindu}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[File:Technopark Trivandum Ganga and Yamuna Buildings.jpg|thumbnail|[[Technopark, Trivandrum]] became the largest [[Information Technology]] park in India with the inauguration of Phase-3 project in the year 2014]]<br /> <br /> It was also during his reign that 12 new [[List of taluks of Kerala|Taluk]]s,&lt;ref name=&quot;tal&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=12 new taluks to be formed in Kerala|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/12-new-taluks-to-be-formed-in-kerala/article4530074.ece|last=|date=21 March 2013|work=The Hindu}}&lt;/ref&gt; 28 new [[List of cities and towns in Kerala|Municipalities]],&lt;ref name=&quot;new&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Kannur to become corporation; 28 new municipalities on anvil|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/Kannur-to-become-corporation-28-new-municipalities-on-anvil/articleshow/45891777.cms|last=TNN|date=15 January 2015|work=Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[Kannur Municipal Corporation]] were formed,&lt;ref name=&quot;new&quot;/&gt; for the decentralisation and proper utilisation of resources in the state,&lt;ref name=&quot;new&quot;/&gt; in all regions of the state.&lt;ref name=&quot;new&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;tal&quot;/&gt; It was the largest [[Tehsil|Taluk]] delimitation in the state of Kerala after 1957.&lt;ref name=&quot;c1961&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Census of India - 1961, Kerala (Census Atlas)|last=Devassy|first=M. K.|publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala and Laccadive Islands|year=1967}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;tal&quot;/&gt; During his period, 227 Road Bridges worth nearly Rs 1,600 crore were built across [[Kerala]], which was the ever-highest in the state.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Chandy challenges LDF to disclose list of bridges constructed during their tenure |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/chandy-challenges-ldf-to-disclose-list-of-bridges-constructed-during-their-tenure-1.5551643|access-date=2021-03-30|website=Mathrubhumi name=&quot;227 Bridges&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name= &quot;clg&quot;/&gt; [[Kozhikode]] bypass was completed and the works of [[Kollam Bypass]] and [[Alappuzha Bypass]] roads were restarted during 2011–16.&lt;ref name= &quot;clg&quot;/&gt; The projects of [[Karamana]]-[[Kaliyikkavila]] bypass and [[Kazhakootam]]-[[Karode]] bypass for [[Thiruvananthapuram]] city were designated and started.&lt;ref name= &quot;clg&quot;/&gt; The [[Kochi]]-[[Mangalore]] [[GAIL]] pipeline was commissioned by the Second Oommen Chandy ministry in 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Gas pipeline from Kochi to Mangaluru: hurdles crossed, and why it matters|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/gas-pipeline-from-kochi-to-mangaluru-hurdles-crossed-and-why-it-matters-7141149/|last=Philip|first=Shaju|date=11 January 2021|work=Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> [[File:Oomman chandy.jpg|thumbnail|[[Oommen Chandy]] in September 2015]]<br /> As a part of the Public health infrastructure project, New Government Medical Colleges were established in the state in 2013, after a gap of 31 years.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=A new government medical college in Kerala after 31 years|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/a-new-government-medical-college-in-kerala-after-31-years/article5082996.ece|last=Staff Reporter|date=2 September 2013|work=The Hindu}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=MCI recognition for Manjeri medical college|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/mci-recognition-for-manjeri-medical-college/article27029294.ece|last=Special Currespondent|date=4 May 2019|work=The Hindu}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[IIT Palakkad|Indian Institute of Technology]] at [[Palakkad]] was established in the year 2015. The universities founded in 2011-16 period include the [[Thunchath Ezhuthachan Malayalam University]] at [[Tirur]] (2012) and [[APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University]] at [[Thiruvananthapuram]] (2014).&lt;ref name=&quot;Ord&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Thunchath Ezhuthachan Malayalam University Ordinance, 2012|url=http://www.keralalawsect.org/images/legg/ord56_2012.pdf|work=Kerala Gazette|publisher=Government of Kerala|access-date=4 November 2012}}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Kerala gifts Malayalis a university|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/kerala-gifts-malayalis-a-university/article4055548.ece|access-date=3 November 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=2 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Jayakumar to take charge as Malayalam University VC|url=http://newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/article1322139.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080058/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/article1322139.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 March 2016|access-date=3 November 2012|newspaper=The New Indian Express|date=1 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[K. R. Narayanan National Institute of Visual Science and Arts]] at [[Kottayam]] was inaugurated in January 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Press Information Bureau|title=Remarks by Vice President of India, Shri M. Hamid Ansari, at the inauguration of the KR Narayanan National Institute of Visual Sciences &amp; Arts at Kottayam, Kerala|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=134373|publisher=Government of India|access-date=12 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2015, the [[Cochin International Airport]] became the world's first fully [[solar power]]ed airport with the inauguration of a dedicated [[CIAL Solar Power Project|solar plant]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/nYRV0SGkot3GIOvQrqhBXL/Worlds-first-solarrun-airport-in-Kochi.html |title=Cochin International Airport set to become worlds's first fully solar-powered major airport|access-date=5 March 2021|work=LiveMint|date=18 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Menon |first=Supriya |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-34421419 |title=How is the world's first solar powered airport faring? - BBC News |publisher=Bbc.com |access-date=1 December 2016|work=BBC News |date=9 October 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt; It was given [[Champions of the Earth|Champion of the Earth]] in 2018 by the [[United Nations]].&lt;ref name=&quot;UN&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2018/jul/26/cial-chosen-for-un-environmental-honour-1848990.html|title=CIAL chosen for UN environmental honour|newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=26 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The airport was awarded The Best Airport in [[Asia-Pacific]] in 2020 (5 to 15 million passengers per annum) by [[Airports Council International]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=2020 - Best Airport by Size and Region |url=https://aci.aero/customer-experience-asq/asq-awards-and-recognition/asq-awards/current-winner-2020/best-airport-by-size-and-region/ |website=ACI World |access-date=3 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Kerala Urban Road Transport Corporation]] (KURTC) was formed under KSRTC in 2015 to manage affairs related to urban transportation.{{sfn|Chandran|2018|p=422}} It was inaugurated on 12 April 2015 at [[Thevara]].{{sfn|Chandran|2018|p=423}} Works on the last phase of [[Kollam Bypass]] was started on 27 May 2015.<br /> [[File:Cochin International Airport Limited.jpg|thumb|[[Cochin International Airport]] is the first airport in the world to be fully powered by solar energy. It became so in 2015]]<br /> Social welfare pensions were doubled during the era of Second Oommen Chandy ministry.&lt;ref name=&quot;pen&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=What the finance minister wouldn't tell you|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/columns/straight-talk/oommen-chandy-challenges-thomas-isaac-claims-kerala-finance.html|last=|date=23 July 2016|work=Onmanorama}}&lt;/ref&gt; UDF government of 2011 increased it to Rs.600 which was only Rs.300 until 2011.&lt;ref name=&quot;pen&quot;/&gt; The Second Oommen Chandy government distributed pensions ranging from Rs 800 - Rs 1,500.&lt;ref name= &quot;clg&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title='മുഖ്യമന്ത്രിയുടെ വെല്ലുവിളി ഏറ്റെടുക്കുന്നു'; വികസനങ്ങൾ എണ്ണിപ്പറഞ്ഞ് ഉമ്മൻചാണ്ടി|url=https://malayalam.indianexpress.com/election/takes-up-cms-challenge-oommen-chandy-enumerated-the-developments-477881/|last=Webdesk|date=4 April 2021|work=Malayalam Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; Social welfare pensions which had been distributed to 12.9 lakh people until 2011 were extended to 34.43 lakh during the period 2011–16.&lt;ref name=&quot;pen&quot;/&gt; Pensions for the disabled and widows were increased to Rs 800.&lt;ref name=&quot;pen&quot;/&gt; Old-age pensions were increased to Rs 1,500 for those above 75 years and Rs 1,100 to those above 80 years.&lt;ref name=&quot;pen&quot;/&gt; Other social welfare measures during Oommen Chandy's reign include free ration for those who lost their employment, and 4,14,552 houses for those who hadn't homes before.&lt;ref name=&quot;cm&quot;/&gt; Free rice were given to those who didn't belong to [[Poverty threshold|Above Poverty Line (APL)]].&lt;ref name= &quot;clg&quot;/&gt; Food kits were distributed to the people during [[Onam]], [[Ramadan|Ramdan]], and [[Christmas]].&lt;ref name= &quot;clg&quot;/&gt; [[Natural rubber|Rubber]] [[Subsidy]] to ensure a minimum price of Rs 150/kg was implemented in 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Subsidy for Rubber Fixed at Rs 150/kg|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2015/aug/27/subsidy-for-rubber-fixed-at-rs-150kg-805557.html|last=Express News Service|date=27 August 2015|work=The New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Kerala Public Service Commission]] filled the vacant posts during 2011–16.&lt;ref name=&quot;pen&quot;/&gt; As many as 1,67,096 job candidates were appointed, setting a record.&lt;ref name=&quot;pen&quot;/&gt; As many as 46,223 posts were created in the same period.&lt;ref name=&quot;pen&quot;/&gt; The Second Oommen Chandy ministry had also took decision to prohibit [[Liquor]] in the state by discouraging [[Bar (establishment)|bars]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Oommen Chandy: Changes in liquor policy final|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/oommen-chandy-changes-in-liquor-policy-final/|last=Philip|first=Shaju|date=22 December 2014|work=Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; The number of political killings were relatively low (11) during the period 2011–16 in the state.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Oommen Chandy blames CPM for political killings|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/oommen-chandy-blames-cpm-for-political-killings-1.5036983|last=|date=8 September 2020|work=Mathrbhumi}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kerala was declared as the first complete digital state of India on 27 February 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Kerala the first digital State|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/kerala-the-first-digital-state/article8291466.ece|last=Special currespondent|date=28 February 2016|access-date=17 November 2020|work=The Hindu}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[File:Manmohan Singh at the inauguration of the ‘Emerging Kerala-2012–Global Connect’, at Kochi. The Governor of Kerala, Dr. H.R. Bhardwaj, the Defence Minister, Shri A. K. Antony, the Union Minister for Overseas Indian Affairs.jpg|thumbnail|''[[Emerging Kerala]]'' Summit, 2012]]<br /> Twenty-six sectors were identified for showcasing in the ''[[Emerging Kerala]]'' summit of 2012 held at [[Kochi]] to attract investments. Those included:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.emergingkerala2012.org/sectors.php |title=Sectors, Emerging Kerala |access-date=2012-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915120327/http://www.emergingkerala2012.org/sectors.php |archive-date=2012-09-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Tourism<br /> * Healthcare services<br /> * Manufacturing including Engineering &amp; Automotive<br /> * Projects under MSME Sector<br /> * IT / ITES / IT Infrastructure<br /> * Science &amp; Technology<br /> * Trade &amp; Retailing<br /> * Food &amp; Agro Processing and Value-addition<br /> * Ports, Shipbuilding<br /> * Textiles &amp; Garments<br /> * Electronics<br /> * Knowledge / Education sector<br /> * Green Energy<br /> * Bio-Technology, Nano Technology, Pharmaceuticals<br /> * Urban Infrastructure Development<br /> * Infotainment<br /> * Logistics<br /> * Petrochemicals<br /> * Gas based Industries<br /> * Airport Infrastructure, Aeroplane &amp; Helicopter services<br /> * Centres of Excellence<br /> * Infrastructure development (Road, Rail, Power, Water Supply, Sewage)<br /> <br /> The first edition of Emerging Kerala summit, was held from 12 to 14 September 2012 at the Le Meridien International Convention Centre, [[Kochi]]. The event was organised by the [[Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation]] (KSIDC), to highlight investment opportunities available in [[Kerala]] and advertise to the world its state of readiness to receive investors.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/south/emerging-kerala-investment-meet-to-see-51-nations-taking-part-261487 |title=Emerging Kerala investment meet to see 51 nations taking part |access-date=2012-09-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905070855/http://www.ndtv.com/article/south/emerging-kerala-investment-meet-to-see-51-nations-taking-part-261487 |archive-date=2012-09-05 |url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> The Hon'ble [[Prime Minister of India]] [[Manmohan Singh|Dr. Manmohan Singh]] inaugurated the three-day event.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/south/prime-minister-to-inaugurate-emerging-kerala-meet-on-september-12-258673 |title=Prime Minister to inaugurate 'Emerging Kerala' meet on September 12 |access-date=2012-09-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120908064411/http://www.ndtv.com/article/south/prime-minister-to-inaugurate-emerging-kerala-meet-on-september-12-258673 |archive-date=2012-09-08 |url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/manmohan-to-open-emerging-kerala/article3788382.ece|title=Manmohan to open Emerging Kerala|date=18 August 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=10 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; The meet could bring in 45 specific project proposals with an investment of over Rs.40,000 crore, including [[Bharat Petroleum]] Corporation Ltd's [[Kochi Refinery]] expansion and another joint venture project of Rs.18,000 crore; [[Volkswagen]]’s engine assembly unit (Rs.2,000 crore); hospital and pre-cast concrete structure manufacturing unit (Rs.570 crore); and solar energy plant (Rs.500crore).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/kerala/article3898219.ece |title=The Hindu : States / Kerala : Emerging Kerala sets new goals for State |website=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=2012-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120917233713/http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/kerala/article3898219.ece |archive-date=2012-09-17 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A number of Mega projects were conceptualized and developed in the State following the summit, the most prominent of which are as follows:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.emergingkerala2012.org/mega-projects.php |title=Mega Projects, Emerging Kerala |access-date=2012-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913011742/http://www.emergingkerala2012.org/mega-projects.php |archive-date=2012-09-13 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Kochi]]-[[Mangalore]] [[GAIL]] Pipeline<br /> * [[Vizhinjam International Seaport]]<br /> * [[Kochi Metro]]<br /> * [[Thiruvananthapuram Light Metro]] and [[Kozhikode Light Metro]]<br /> * Petroleum Chemicals &amp; Petrochemical Investment Region<br /> * [[Kochi]]-[[Palakkad]] National Investment and Manufacturing Zone&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Centre's nod sought for Kochi-Palakkad NIMZ|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/Centres-nod-sought-for-Kochi-Palakkad-NIMZ/articleshow/15583002.cms|last=TNN|date=21 August 2012|work=Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Indian Institute of Information Technology, Kottayam]]<br /> * [[Thiruvananthapuram–Kasargode Semi High Speed Rail Corridor]]<br /> * [[Kerala Seaplane]]<br /> * Electronic hub at [[Kochi]]<br /> * [[Titanium Sponge Plant in India|Titanium Sponge Plant Project]] at [[Kollam]]<br /> * [[Oceanarium]] project at [[Kochi]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=The country's first Oceanarium project is coming up at Kochi|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/the-countrys-first-oceanarium-project-is-coming-up-at-kochi/articleshow/9274010.cms?from=mdr|last=Sananda Kumar|date=18 July 2011|work=Economic Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Bio 360 Life Sciences Park]] at [[Thiruvananthapuram]]<br /> * Gas-based powerplant at [[Cheemeni]], [[Kasaragod district|Kasaragod]]&lt;ref name=&quot;power&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Kerala to get three gas-based power projects|url=https://www.projectstoday.com/News/Kerala-to-get-three-gas-based-power-projects|last=|date=26 August 2013|work=Projects Today}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Kochi LNG Terminal]]&lt;ref name=&quot;power&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Accusations==<br /> [[File:Oommen Chandy 2013 4.JPG|thumbnail|[[Oommen Chandy]] in January 2013]]<br /> <br /> === 2013 Kerala solar panel scam accusation ===<br /> [[2013 Kerala solar panel scam]] was one of the main scams accused by the [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]-led opposition during the reign of Second Oommen Chandy ministry. It was also one of the main election issues accused by LDF during [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]].<br /> <br /> However, later the [[Kerala Police#Crime Branch|Crime Branch]] appointed by [[First Vijayan ministry]] in the year 2018 found that there was no evidence against [[Oommen Chandy]] in the scam.&lt;ref name=&quot;mn_1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=No evidence against Chandy, finds Crime Branch on harassment plaint of solar-scam accused|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2021/03/26/no-evidence-against-chandy-crime-branch-harassment-plaint-solar-.html|last=Our currespondent|date=26 March 2021|work=Onmanorama|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mb_1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Solar rape case: No proof against Oommen Chandy, says Crime Branch report|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/solar-rape-case-no-proof-against-oommen-chandy-says-crime-branch-report-1.5543631|last=Pankaj|first=Biju|date=25 March 2021|work=Mathrubhumi}}&lt;/ref&gt; As part of the procedures, the state home secretary T. K. Jose had forwarded a report to the central government.&lt;ref name=&quot;mb_1&quot;/&gt; According to the report, no evidence could be collected against Oommen Chandy and the [[Kerala Police#Crime Branch|Crime Branch]] failed to confirm that the incident mentioned in the complaint actually happened.&lt;ref name=&quot;mb_1&quot;/&gt; The case was handed over to the central agency after several teams of the [[Kerala Police]], repeatedly failed to prove the allegations against Oommen Chandy.&lt;ref name=&quot;mn_1&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> === Vizhinjam port corruption accusation ===<br /> The opposition led by [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] had accused corruption in [[Vizhinjam International Seaport]] project ahead of [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Alleging corruption, VS demands white paper on Vizhinjam port deal|url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/kerala/vizhinjam-port-project-corruption-vs-achuthanandan-white-paper|last=|date=31 March 2018|work=Asianet Newsable}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bs&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Vizhinjam; Judicial Commission submits report|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/vizhinjam-judicial-commission-submits-report-118123100904_1.html|last=Press Trust of India|date=31 December 2018|publisher=Business Standard}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[First Vijayan ministry]] appointed a three-member judicial commission under Justice C. N. Ramachandran for investigation in May 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;bs&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;th_1&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The commission in 2018 concluded that there was no corruption with the State's dream project and that there was no misuse of political power in the port project.&lt;ref name=&quot;th_1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=No corruption in Vizhinjam project, says panel|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/no-corruption-in-vizhinjam-project-says-panel/article25873873.ece|last=Special Currespondent|date=31 December 2018|work=The Hindu}}&lt;/ref&gt; The commission report states that there was no evidence to prove there was corruption. C. N. Ramachandran said that, &quot;Nobody came forward with any specific corruption charges against any individual and nobody ventured to give any evidence.&lt;ref name=&quot;bs&quot;/&gt; When there is no allegation of corruption against anyone, there is no need to investigate corruption against anyone.&lt;ref name=&quot;bs&quot;/&gt; That is why commission has not found corruption against anyone.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;bs&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> === Pattoor Land Case ===<br /> Pattoor Land Case was accused by the [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]-led opposition ahead of [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]. In February 2018, the [[Kerala High Court]] pointed out that the Vigilance registered the [[First information report]] based on the wrong report prepared by [[Jacob Thomas (police officer)|Jacob Thomas]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=HC quashes Pattoor land deal case|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/hc-quashes-pattoor-land-deal-case-1.2589906|last=|work=Mathrubhumi}}&lt;/ref&gt; The court said that the claim that the property vests with [[Kerala Water Authority]] was not based on any document.&lt;ref name=&quot;kwa&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Chandy gets a clean chit as HC rejects Pattoor land case|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/chandy-gets-a-clean-chit-as-hc-rejects-pattoor-land-case/articleshow/62856780.cms|last=TNN|date=10 February 2018|work=Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; As the High Court rejected the case, UDF government got a clean chit.&lt;ref name=&quot;kwa&quot;/&gt; The High Court found that [[Oommen Chandy]] or UDF government was not involved in any corruption.&lt;ref name=&quot;kwa&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> === Bar bribery case ===<br /> Bar bribery case was accused by the [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]-led opposition against [[K. M. Mani]], who was the minister of finance in Second Oommen Chandy ministry, and a leader of [[Kerala Congress (M)]]. Bar Hotel Owners Association president Biju Ramesh had alleged Mani had taken Rs 1 crore bribe to reopen [[Bar (establishment)|bars]] closed by the Oommen Chandy government as part of its [[Alcohol laws of India#Kerala|liquor policy]].&lt;ref name=&quot;mm-2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Bar-bribery case that haunted K M Mani to be closed|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2019/04/10/bar-bribery-case-km-mani-closure.html|last=G. Vinod|date=10 April 2019|work=Onmanorama}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Jacob Thomas (police officer)|Jacob Thomas]] was the [[Vigilance &amp; Anti-Corruption Bureau, Kerala|Vigilance]] Director when the accusation was made against the then finance minister.&lt;ref name=&quot;mm-2&quot;/&gt; In March 2018, the [[Vigilance &amp; Anti-Corruption Bureau, Kerala|Kerala Vigilance and Anti-Corruption Bureau]] gave cleanchit to [[K. M. Mani]] stating that there is no evidence against Mani in the case.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=K M Mani gets clean chit from Kerala police in bar bribe scam|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/WtzgJF5wan41vFaBX0yubJ/KM-Mani-gets-clean-chit-from-Kerala-police-in-bar-bribe-sc.html|last=|date=6 March 2018|work=Livemint}}&lt;/ref&gt; The case against Mani was closed in April 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Bar bribery cases against Mani closed|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/bar-bribery-cases-against-mani-closed/article26797053.ece|last=Special Currespondent|date=10 April 2019|work=The Hindu}}&lt;/ref&gt; In March 2021, the [[Vigilance &amp; Anti-Corruption Bureau, Kerala|vigilance]] gave cleanchit to [[K. Babu]], a [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] leader and minister of Kerala during 2011–2016, who was accused of a corruption of Rs 100 cr over issuing new bar licenses and closure of liquor outlets close to bars.&lt;ref name=&quot;mb_2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Bar bribery case: Clean chit to former minister K Babu|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/bar-bribery-case-clean-chit-to-former-minister-k-babu-kerala-1.5501904|last=V S Siju|date=9 March 2021|work=Mathrubhoomi}}&lt;/ref&gt; The report submitted by [[Vigilance &amp; Anti-Corruption Bureau, Kerala|vigilance]] central range superintendent requested the court to cancel the case observing it to be baseless.&lt;ref name=&quot;mb_2&quot;/&gt; The [[Vigilance &amp; Anti-Corruption Bureau, Kerala|vigilance]] found that there was no evidence to prove that Babu was corrupt.&lt;ref name=&quot;mb_2&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> === Ice cream parlour case ===<br /> The case dates back to 1997.&lt;ref name=&quot;toi&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=No interference in ice cream parlour case: Kerala police tells high court|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/no-interference-in-ice-cream-parlour-case-kerala-police-tells-high-court/articleshow/68279359.cms|last=TNN|date=6 March 2019|work=Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; The case came back in focus in January 2011 ahead of [[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]].&lt;ref name=&quot;toi&quot;/&gt; The [[Ice cream parlour sex scandal|Ice cream parlour case]] was accused against [[P. K. Kunhalikutty]], a former minister of Kerala, by the [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]-led opposition.&lt;ref name=&quot;SC notice&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=SC notice to Kerala in 'Ice Cream parlour' sex scam|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_sc-notice-to-kerala-in-ice-cream-parlour-sex-scam_1711098|access-date=2 August 2012|newspaper=[[DNA India]]|date=5 July 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2012, the Special Investigation Team who investigated the case gave cleanchit to Kunhalikutty, stating that there was no evidence to prove involvement of Kunhalikutty in the scam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Ice-cream case: SIT gives clean chit to Kunhalikutty|url=https://www.asianet.in/featured/ice-cream-case-sit-gives-clean-chit-to-kunhalikkutty.html|last=|date=23 June 2012|work=Asianet|archive-date=18 May 2021|access-date=18 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518105501/https://www.asianet.in/featured/ice-cream-case-sit-gives-clean-chit-to-kunhalikkutty.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Trivia==<br /> *[[Manjalamkuzhi Ali]] sworn in when UDF agreed [[Indian Union Muslim League|Muslim League]]'s claim for a fifth minister.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Special Correspondent|date=2012-04-12|title=Muslim League gets fifth Cabinet berth|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/muslim-league-gets-fifth-cabinet-berth/article3304293.ece|access-date=2020-10-19|issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Ramesh Chennithala]] of [[Indian National Congress]], representing [[Haripad]] Constituency sworn in as the Home Minister on 1 January 2014.<br /> *The first shuffling of portfolios occurred on 12 April 2012, with the inclusion of Manjalamkuzhi Ali and Anoop Jacob. The Chief Minister gave up the charge of Home Department. Thiruvanchoor Radhakrishnan, earlier in charge of Revenue Department was given the charge of Home Department, and Adoor Prakash, earlier in charge of Health Department, got Revenue Department. Health Department was handed over to V. S. Sivakumar, who was in charge of Transport Department, and Aryadan Muhammad was given the additional department of Transport. Some minor departments were also changed.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Special Correspondent|date=2012-04-12|title=Chandy gives up Home portfolio in reshuffle|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/chandy-gives-up-home-portfolio-in-reshuffle/article3306493.ece|access-date=2020-10-19|issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[List of Kerala ministers]]<br /> * [[List of Chief Ministers of Kerala|Chief Ministers of Kerala]]<br /> * [[History of Kerala]]<br /> * [[List of current Indian chief ministers]]<br /> * [[Oommen Chandy]]<br /> * [[Achuthanandan ministry]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> {{refbegin}}<br /> * {{Cite book|title=Mathrubhumi Yearbook Plus - 2019|publisher=P. V. Chandran, Managing Editor, Mathrubhumi Printing &amp; Publishing Company Limited, Kozhikode|year=2018|location=Kozhikode|last=Chandran |first=VP|edition=Malayalam }}<br /> {{refend}}<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> * {{Citation|title=Chief Ministers, Ministers, and Leaders of Opposition of Kerala|last=|publisher=Secratriat of [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|Kerala Legislature]]|year=2018|location=[[Thiruvananthapuram]]|url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/14kla/chief%20ministers,%20ministers,%20leaders%20of%20opposition.pdf}}<br /> <br /> {{Oommen Chandy Cabinet 2011}}<br /> {{Kerala ministries}}<br /> {{United Democratic Front (Kerala) |state=collapsed}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Kerala ministries|Chandy 02]]<br /> [[Category:Indian National Congress state ministries of Kerala|Chandy II]]<br /> [[Category:2011 establishments in Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:Indian ministries established in 2011|C]]<br /> [[Category:Indian ministries disestablished in 2016|C]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susman_(film)&diff=473385 2026-03-19T09:03:26Z

<p>Singh142536: minor reworked structure per standard format and cleaned formatting</p> <hr /> <div>{{other uses|Sussman (disambiguation)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Susman<br /> | image = <br /> <br /> | caption = <br /> | director = [[Shyam Benegal]]<br /> | producer = Shyam Benegal<br /> | writer = [[Shama Zaidi]] <br /> | narrator = <br /> | starring = [[Shabana Azmi]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Om Puri]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Kulbhushan Kharbanda]]<br /> | music = [[Vanraj Bhatia]]<br /> | cinematography = [[Ashok Mehta]]<br /> | editing = [[Bhanudas Divakar]]<br /> | distributor = <br /> | released = {{Film date|1987}}<br /> | runtime = 140 min <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | budget = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Susman''''' ({{IPA|hi|sʊsmən}}; {{Translation|''Essence''}}) is a 1987 [[Hindi]] film directed by [[Shyam Benegal]]. The film highlighted the struggle of rural [[handloom weaver]]s in the wake of rapid industrialization.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |last=Rahman |first=M. |date=31 August 1986 |title=Shyam Benegal's film 'Susman' focuses on predicament of India's handloom weavers |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/films/story/19860831-shyam-benegal-film-susman-focuses-on-predicament-of-indias-handloom-weavers-801170-1986-08-30 |magazine=[[India Today]] |location=New Delhi |publisher=[[Living Media]] |access-date=9 December 2023 |archive-date=9 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209104331/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/films/story/19860831-shyam-benegal-film-susman-focuses-on-predicament-of-indias-handloom-weavers-801170-1986-08-30 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The film was selected for the Indian Panorama at Filmotsav 1987, invited to the London Film Festival, the Chicago Film Festival, the Vancouver International Film Festival, the Sydney and Melbourne Film Festivals 1987.{{citation needed|date=December 2023}} It was remade as ''[[Kanchivaram]]'' in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] by [[Priyadarshan]].<br /> <br /> The film features poetry by the Indian mystic saint [[Kabir]], who was born into a family of weavers, sung by [[Pandit Jasraj]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Basu |first1=Bubla |title=Like all Shyam Benegal films, 'Susman' engages, informs and educates |url=https://scroll.in/reel/860584/like-all-shyam-benegal-films-susman-engages-informs-and-educates |website=[[Scroll.in]] |date=Dec 14, 2017 |access-date=26 January 2021 |archive-date=31 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210131042158/https://scroll.in/reel/860584/like-all-shyam-benegal-films-susman-engages-informs-and-educates |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> * [[Shabana Azmi]] as Gauramma<br /> * [[Om Puri]] as Ramulu<br /> * [[Kulbhushan Kharbanda]] as Narasimha<br /> * [[Neena Gupta]] as Mandira<br /> * [[Mohan Agashe]] as President of Handloom Cooperative Society<br /> * [[K.K. Raina]]<br /> * [[Annu Kapoor]] as Lakshmaya<br /> * [[Ila Arun]]<br /> * [[Anita Kanwar]]<br /> * [[Pankaj Kapur]]<br /> * [[Jayant Kripalani]]<br /> * [[Satish Kaushik]]<br /> * [[Harish Patel]]<br /> * Pallavi Joshi as daughter Chinna &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1986-08-31 |title=Shyam Benegal's film 'Susman' focuses on predicament of India's handloom weavers |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/films/story/19860831-shyam-benegal-film-susman-focuses-on-predicament-of-indias-handloom-weavers-801170-1986-08-30 |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title|0094081|Susman}}<br /> <br /> {{Shyam Benegal}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1978 films]]<br /> [[Category:1987 Hindi-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Films with screenplays by Shama Zaidi]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Shyam Benegal]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{1980s-Hindi-film-stub}}</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hari_Om_(film)&diff=502126 2026-03-19T00:16:34Z

<p>Singh142536: Made data</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian Hindi-language film}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = <br /> | image = Hari Om (film).jpg<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = Film poster<br /> | native_name = &lt;!-- {{Infobox name module|language|title}} or {{Infobox name module|title}} --&gt;<br /> | director = [[Bharat Bala]]<br /> | writer = Sanjay Lafont<br /> | screenplay = Bharat Bala<br /> | story = Bharat Bala<br /> | based_on = &lt;!-- {{Based on|title of the original work|creator of the original work|additional creator(s), if necessary}} --&gt;<br /> | producer = Bharat Bala&lt;br /&gt;Ramesh Tuarani&lt;br /&gt;Kumar Sadhuram Taurani<br /> | starring = {{plainlist|<br /> *[[Vijay Raaz]] <br /> *Jean Marie Lamour <br /> *[[Camille Natta]] <br /> }}<br /> | narrator = <br /> | cinematography = Angus Hudson<br /> | editing = Kanika Myer<br /> | music = [[Nitin Sawhney]]<br /> | studio = Tips Films&lt;br /&gt; Bharatbala Productions<br /> | distributor =<br /> | released = {{Film date|2004}}<br /> | runtime = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | budget = ₹23 crore<br /> | gross = <br /> }}<br /> '''''Hari Om''''' is a 2004 Indian Hindi-language film directed by [[Bharat Bala]] and starring [[Vijay Raaz]], Jean Marie Lamour and [[Camille Natta]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/sep/20hariom.htm|title=Audiences cheer Hari Om|website=www.rediff.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/story/20031208-bharat-bala-hopes-to-create-a-buzz-at-cannes-with-his-english-french-film-hari-om-791384-2003-12-07|title=Bharat Bala hopes to create a buzz at Cannes with his English-French film 'Hari Om'|first=Shilpa|last=Rohatgi|date=8 December 2003|website=India Today}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> *[[Vijay Raaz]] as &quot;Hari Om&quot;<br /> *Jean Marie Lamour as Benoit<br /> *[[Camille Natta]] as Willowy Isa<br /> *[[A. K. Hangal]]<br /> *[[Anupam Shyam]]<br /> <br /> ==Reception==<br /> Dennis Harvey of ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' wrote, &quot;A game attempt at international-crossover cinema by first-time feature helmer/co-writer Bharatbala, ‘''Hari Om''&lt;nowiki&gt;'&lt;/nowiki&gt; emerges a pleasant but formulaic effort that may be too Westernized for Indian auds and too commercially superficial for Western arthouses&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2004/film/reviews/hari-om-1200530877/|title=Hari Om|first=Dennis|last=Harvey|work=Variety|date=22 September 2004}}&lt;/ref&gt; Film critic [[Baradwaj Rangan]] wrote, &quot;The best thing about Hari Om is that it sells an India that simply is; not the India from the glossy brochures but the real India, our love affair with which goes on and on&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://baradwajrangan.wordpress.com/2007/09/15/review-hari-om/|title=Review: Hari Om|date=15 September 2007|first=Baradwaj|last=Rangan|author-link=Baradwaj Rangan}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Accolades==<br /> The film won the Audience Award at the [[Bucheon International Fantastic Film Festival]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/puchon-festival-wraps-under-shadow-of-industry-boycott/4023837.article|title=Puchon festival wraps under shadow of industry boycott|first=Darcy|last=Paquet|website=Screen}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2005/film/markets-festivals/pifan-shines-light-on-dark-1117926437/|title=PiFan shines light on 'Dark'|work=Variety|first=Derek|last=Elley|date=25 July 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was selected for the [[Toronto International Film Festival]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| title=International Film Festival of India - Official Catalogue 2025 | url=https://www.iffigoa.org/public/pdfs/catalogue/Catalogue.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251128091701/https://www.iffigoa.org/public/pdfs/catalogue/Catalogue.pdf | archive-date=2025-11-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--https://angushudson.net/DP/Hari_Om.html--&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{IMDb title|0390079}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Films shot in Jaipur]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Rajasthan]]<br /> [[Category:2004 Hindi-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2004 Indian films]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shelley_Malil&diff=534844 2026-03-14T17:21:58Z

<p>Singh142536: Created new bio.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|American actor convicted of attempted murder}}<br /> {{pp-move}}<br /> {{Infobox criminal<br /> | image = <br /> | imagesize = <br /> | name = Shelley Malil<br /> | birth_name = Shelley Mathew Malil<br /> | birth_date = 1964<br /> | birth_place = [[Kerala]], [[India]]<br /> | occupation = Actor<br /> | yearsactive = 1994–2010<br /> | charge = [[Attempted murder]]&lt;br&gt;[[Assault]] with a deadly weapon<br /> | conviction_penalty = Life sentence, eligible for parole after 12 years<br /> | conviction_status = Parole discharged on January 20, 2021<br /> | imprisoned = [[Ironwood State Prison]] (released)<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Shelley Mathew Malil''' ({{IPAc-en|m|ə|ˈ|l|ɪ|l}}) is an [[India]]n American former actor. Malil emigrated to the [[United States]] from his birth country of India in 1974. He appeared in a number of television shows and films, including ''[[The 40-Year-Old Virgin]]'' (2005).<br /> <br /> In 2010, Malil was convicted of attempted premeditated murder and assault with a deadly weapon on a former girlfriend, and served 8 years of a 12-year-to-life term at [[Ironwood State Prison]] in southern [[California]].<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> Malil was born in [[Kerala]],{{cn|date=May 2025}} [[India]]. He immigrated with his family in 1974 to the United States at the age of 11. He started acting in high school. As a child, he had hoped to become a comedic actor like [[Bob Hope]], whom he had first seen on television.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | title=Asian American Heritage Month &quot;What Are You Doing?&quot;| url=http://discuss.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/zforum/01/entertainment_malil0523.htm| newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]| accessdate=2008-08-12| url-status=dead| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080703194054/http://discuss.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/zforum/01/entertainment_malil0523.htm| archivedate=2008-07-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; In summer 1983, aged 18, he performed on stage as part of the summer stock company at the Granbury Opera House in [[Granbury, Texas]].{{cn|date=July 2022}}<br /> <br /> ==Acting career==<br /> Malil came to Hollywood in 1995, after a two-year stint at New York's [[American Academy of Dramatic Arts]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2018}} He had supporting roles in ''The 40-Year-Old Virgin'' (2005), ''[[Holes (film)|Holes]]'' (2003), ''[[Collateral Damage (2002 film)|Collateral Damage]]'' (2002), ''[[Getting There (film)|Getting There]]'' (2002), ''Boys From Madrid'' (2000), ''[[My Favorite Martian (film)|My Favorite Martian]]'' (1999), ''[[Columbus Day (film)|Columbus Day]]'' (2008), and ''Just Can't Get Enough'' (2002). Malil had roles on television shows such as ''[[Scrubs (TV series)|Scrubs]]'', ''[[Reba (TV series)|Reba]]'', ''[[NYPD Blue]]'', ''[[The West Wing]]'', ''[[The Jamie Foxx Show]]'', and ''[[ER (TV series)|ER]]''.<br /> <br /> He was selected as one of the &quot;Top 10 Overlooked Performances of 2005&quot; by the [[Associated Press]] for his performance in ''The 40-Year-Old Virgin''.{{Citation needed|date=March 2018}} He is the recipient of a [[Clio Award]] (for the [[Budweiser (Anheuser-Busch)#Marketing|Budweiser]] beer commercials) and a Los Angeles Ovation Award as Best Featured Actor for his performance as Bottom in ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]'', and he was nominated for the Los Angeles [[Ovation Award]] for his performance in ''[[Suburbia (play)|SubUrbia]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url= http://www.collintheatrecenter.com/HallOfFame/ShelleyMalil/Main.html |title=Shelley Malil |publisher=Collintheatrecenter.com |accessdate=2013-11-05 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106151411/http://www.collintheatrecenter.com/HallOfFame/ShelleyMalil/Main.html |archivedate=2013-11-06 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Attempted murder conviction==<br /> On August 10, 2008, Malil stabbed his ex-girlfriend, Kendra Beebe, 23 times in [[San Marcos, California]].&lt;ref name=&quot;CNN&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=December 17, 2010 |title=Victim Slams '40-Year-Old Virgin' Actor Who Repeatedly Stabbed Her |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2010/SHOWBIZ/Movies/12/17/california.actor.stabbing/ |access-date=May 20, 2023 |publisher=CNN}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was arrested the next day as he got off a train in [[Oceanside, California]].&lt;ref name=&quot;huff&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20100917/us-actor-attack/ |title=Victim happy actor convicted of attempted murder |date=17 September 2010 |author=Julie Watson |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205102309/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20100917/us-actor-attack/ |archive-date=5 February 2015 |publisher=Huffington Post}}&lt;/ref&gt; Beebe had survived the attack despite a severe cut to her chin, the collapse of both lungs, and the loss of about half the blood in her body.&lt;ref name=&quot;CNN&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In September 2010, he was convicted of attempted murder and assault with a deadly weapon.&lt;ref name=&quot;CNN&quot;/&gt; He was sentenced to [[life imprisonment]] with the possibility of parole after 12 years.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=August 31, 2018 |title=ABC7News.com |url=https://abc7news.com/shelley-malil-40-year-old-virgin-actor-arrested-convicted-attempted-murder/4103760 |website=Shelley Malil, '40-Year-Old Virgin' actor, granted parole after serving 8 years for stabbing ex-girlfriend}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was paroled four years early in September 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Shewfelt |first=Raechal |date=August 29, 2018 |title='40-Year-Old Virgin' actor Shelley Malil, convicted of attempted murder, to be released on parole |url=https://www.aol.com/article/entertainment/2018/08/29/40-year-old-virgin-actor-shelley-malil-convicted-of-attempted-murder-to-be-released-on-parole/23511780/ |accessdate=October 5, 2020 |website=aol.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist|}}<br /> <br /> {{Portal|India|Biography}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{IMDb name|6596}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Malil, Shelley}}<br /> [[Category:1964 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Male actors from California]]<br /> [[Category:American people convicted of assault]]<br /> [[Category:American people convicted of attempted murder]]<br /> [[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]<br /> [[Category:American people of Malayali descent]]<br /> [[Category:People paroled from life sentence]]<br /> [[Category:Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by California]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century American male actors]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century American male actors]]<br /> [[Category:American male actors of Indian descent]]<br /> [[Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian criminals]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Season_(film)&diff=533812 2026-03-03T21:11:18Z

<p>Singh142536: Created a data.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Season<br /> | image = Season film poster.jpg<br /> | caption = Poster<br /> | director = [[Padmarajan]]<br /> | producer = M. G. Gopinath&lt;br&gt;(Pandalam Gopinath)<br /> | writer = Padmarajan<br /> | starring = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Mohanlal]]|[[Gavin Packard]]}}<br /> | music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]<br /> | cinematography = [[Venu (cinematographer)|Venu]]<br /> | editing = {{Unbulleted_list|[[B. Lenin]]|[[V. T. Vijayan]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|(Assistant)}}}}<br /> | studio = Shanthi Cine Arts<br /> | distributor = Thomsun Films<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|1989|03|31}}<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = [[Malayalam]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Season''''' is a [[List of Malayalam films of 1989|1989]] Indian [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]]-language [[action thriller film]] written and directed by [[Padmarajan]]. It stars [[Mohanlal]] and [[Gavin Packard]]. The story is set at [[Kovalam]] beach in [[Kerala]] and Poojappura Central Prison, [[Thiruvananthapuram]]. The score was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]].<br /> <br /> ''Season'' is considered ahead of its time and has a cult status in Malayalam cinema.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Neelima |date=26 May 2017 |title=The demon of drugs: How Malayalam director have grappled with 'getting high' portrayals |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/demon-drugs-how-malayalam-directors-have-grappled-getting-high-portrayals-62642 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717183228/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/demon-drugs-how-malayalam-directors-have-grappled-getting-high-portrayals-62642 |archive-date=17 July 2019 |access-date=17 July 2019 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Vishal |date=15 May 2019 |title=Narcotics Is A Dirty Business: Revisiting Padmarajan's Noirish Season, Thirty Years After Its Release |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/narcotics-is-a-dirty-business-revisiting-padmarajans-noirish-season-thirty-years-after-its-release-mohanlal/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718004334/https://www.filmcompanion.in/narcotics-is-a-dirty-business-revisiting-padmarajans-noirish-season-thirty-years-after-its-release-mohanlal/ |archive-date=18 July 2019 |access-date=17 July 2019 |website=[[Film Companion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=RK |date=25 July 2017 |title=An all-Season Thriller |url=http://fullpicture.in/flashback-detail/53/an-all-season-thrill.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624222515/http://fullpicture.in/flashback-detail/53/an-all-season-thrill.html |archive-date=24 June 2019 |access-date=17 July 2019 |website=Fullpicture.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Prakash |first=Asha |date=13 February 2015 |title=Drugs, not new in Malayalam Cinema |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Drugs-not-new-in-Malayalam-Cinema/articleshow/46213904.cms |url-status=live |access-date=17 July 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20171030095441/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Drugs-not-new-in-Malayalam-Cinema/articleshow/46213904.cms |archive-date=30 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Often cited as one of the finest crime thrillers in Malayalam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=5 May 2018 |title=5 Malayalam movies that featured the dark world of narcotics |work=[[Malayala Manorama]] |url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2018/05/05/malayalam-movies-dealing-drugs-narcotics-theme.html |url-status=live |access-date=17 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717184504/https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2018/05/05/malayalam-movies-dealing-drugs-narcotics-theme.html |archive-date=17 July 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> Jeevan is taken to central jail from the court. It is the year 1988. In his own words, &quot;My name is Jeevan. I feel so depressed to know that I can't see this dew morning and the street lamps for years; but little would benefit in regretting now&quot;.<br /> <br /> The story moves back to 1982, at [[Kovalam]], where Jeevan is running a restaurant. He also is involved in the sale and purchase of several, smuggled foreign goods along with transfer of foreign currency. Popularly and fondly called by everyone as &quot;Uncle&quot;, Jeevan is one of the richest businessmen in Kovalam, and has no bad vices. He is a real mystery to all, as he also keeps everyone away from his personal life. Porinju and Kanthi, two jobless youths, are involved in small-time drug business to make ends meet. Both have their own families and personal issues and dream of being rich one day.<br /> <br /> They happen to meet Fabien, a [[Europe|European]] tourist, who wants them to fetch him three kilos of heroin. Both Porinju and Kanthi get lured into this deal. Jeevan supports them by lending {{currency|1.5|INR}} lakhs, on the condition that they will give up the drug trade after the deal is closed. Both Porinju and Kanthi leave for [[Goa]]. They return a week later at night with the stuff. They directly go to the restaurant run by Jeevan and inform him about it. Jeevan warns them to be careful. Fabien is informed about the stuff and asked to arrive at the lighthouse late, in the light. At the lighthouse, Fabien plays foul and shoots down Porinju. Meanwhile, Merlin, the girlfriend of Fabien breaks into the Jeevan's place and steals around four lakhs rupees along with gold. On getting the information, Jeevan comes to the house, but finds it completely ransacked. Kanthi, who escaped from Fabien reaches Jeevan and informs him about the death of Porinju. He takes Jeevan to the hut where Fabien was staying with Merlin. But Fabien had within the time escaped with the currency and drugs. He had even jilted Merlin. She was assaulted and left back.<br /> <br /> Jeevan finds her with both hands and legs tied. She informs him that Fabien is already on his way and they won't be able to chase him. She also informs that he is a psychopathic killer. Kanthi takes Jeevan's car and leaves to chase Fabien, but is killed on the way by him. The next day, the police recover the bodies of Porinju and Kanthi. Jeevan is shocked to find that Merlin has also committed suicide by taking sleeping pills. Jeevan is the main suspect as Kanthi's body was found in his car and Merlin was found dead in his house. He is arrested and sentenced to 7 years in prison, but the prosecution couldn't nail him for the murders of Porinju and Kanthi as there were no proofs. He gets a 5-year jail term for the death of Merlin. It has been just weeks before his release that Fabien enters his jail. Jeevan agrees to help Fabien in escaping from jail, if he pays {{currency|5|INR}} lakhs. After the release, Jeevan plans everything and is back in jail for a petty crime. His sole aim is to finish off Fabien.<br /> <br /> The film then cuts to the present. On the day of [[Gandhi Jayanti]], when, all the cops are busy with the celebrations, Jeevan escapes from jail with Fabien. On their way, Fabien collects {{currency|5|INR}} lakhs from an agent and pays it to Jeevan. After collecting the amount, Jeevan reveals his true face to Fabien and in a fiery fight he finishes him off. Jeevan goes back to jail when his voice over comes in background with the visual of him driving the van and images of passing street lights in the plain glass of the van &quot;I am getting sad to know that I am going to miss these street lights again. I had great comfort when she (one of his friend's lovers) accepted the money (that Jeevan took from Fabien) and the happy thing for me is that this time they won't have any circumstantial evidences against me; but only evidence, the real evidence. It's on my shirt, on my face, on my hands...and everywhere &quot;. He smiles triumphantly and reaches back at the prison. When the cops ask about Fabien, Jeevan walks with a winning smile and opens the door of the van where the cops find Fabien's corpse.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{Cast listing|<br /> *[[Mohanlal]] as Jeevan&lt;ref name=&quot;thenewsminute&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Krishna |date=31 March 2020 |title=Revisiting 'Season', Mohanlal-Padmarajan's 1989 thriller that still feels fresh |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/revisiting-season-mohanlal-padmarajans-1989-thriller-still-feels-fresh-121515 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401221152/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/revisiting-season-mohanlal-padmarajans-1989-thriller-still-feels-fresh-121515 |archive-date=1 April 2020 |access-date=19 August 2021 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Gavin Packard]] as Fabien Ramirez&lt;ref name=&quot;thenewsminute&quot; /&gt;<br /> *[[Maniyanpilla Raju]] as Kanthi&lt;ref name=&quot;thenewsminute&quot; /&gt;<br /> *[[Ashokan (actor)|Ashokan]] as Porinju<br /> *[[Shari (actress)|Shari]] as Indira<br /> * Leena Nair as Merlin Simon&lt;ref name=&quot;thenewsminute&quot; /&gt;<br /> *[[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as Sathyan<br /> *Sivaji<br /> *[[Thodupuzha Vasanthi]] as Salomi<br /> *[[Thilakan]] as Kanthi's Father<br /> *[[Azeez (actor)|Azeez]] as Jailor<br /> *[[Prem Prakash]] as man coming to buy the TV<br /> *[[Valsala Menon]] as lady coming to buy the TV<br /> *[[Oduvil Unnikrishnan]] as Thirumeni<br /> * [[Santhakumari (Malayalam actress)|Santhakumari]] as Porinchu's Mother<br /> *Krishna Prasad as Housekeeper<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> All songs composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]]. Lyrics were penned by [[Sreekumaran Thampi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thelyricspace.com/2023/04/season-malayalam-movie-all-songs-lyrics.html|title='Season Malayalam Movie All Songs Lyrics'|date=2023-04-11|website=TheLyricsSpace|language=en-US|access-date=2023-04-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> #&quot;Swapnangal than theyyam&quot; – [[KS Chithra]]<br /> #&quot;Poyvaroo&quot; – [[P Jayachandran]], P Padmarajan<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> The film was shot in [[Kovalam]] and [[Poojapura Central Jail]], [[Thiruvananthapuram District]], [[Kerala]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Menon |first=Maya |date=23 May 2017 |title=5 places that Padmarajan showed us through his movies |work=[[Malayala Manorama]] |url=https://travel.manoramaonline.com/travel/celebrity-travel/2017/05/23/padmarajan-places-movies-koodevide-season-mysore-thoovanathumbikal.html |url-status=live |access-date=17 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717183217/https://travel.manoramaonline.com/travel/celebrity-travel/2017/05/23/padmarajan-places-movies-koodevide-season-mysore-thoovanathumbikal.html |archive-date=17 July 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Sasidharan |first=Vinod |date=11 July 2019 |title=Check into 'Samudra' for a picture perfect beach getaway |work=[[Malayala Manorama]] |url=https://travel.manoramaonline.com/travel/getting-about-kerala/thiruvananthapuram/2017/07/11/samudra-ktdc-kovalam-where-to-stay.html |url-status=live |access-date=17 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717184457/https://travel.manoramaonline.com/travel/getting-about-kerala/thiruvananthapuram/2017/07/11/samudra-ktdc-kovalam-where-to-stay.html |archive-date=17 July 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mohan |first=Vinayak |date=20 March 2018 |title=Revisiting The Historical Monuments Of Chennai Through Movies: 'Thaana Serndha Kootam', 'Theri' &amp; More |url=https://silverscreen.in/features/revisiting-the-historical-monuments-of-chennai-through-movies-thaana-serndha-kootam-theri-more/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717184455/https://silverscreen.in/features/revisiting-the-historical-monuments-of-chennai-through-movies-thaana-serndha-kootam-theri-more/ |archive-date=17 July 2019 |access-date=17 July 2019 |website=Silverscreen.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote, &quot;This movie was way ahead of its time. In other words, it was the ''[[Double Barrel (2015 film)|Double Barrel]]'' (2015) of the 80s - too early for the people to digest. Almost 20 years before [[Lal Jose]] and [[Sreenivasan]] introduced a foreigner as a central character in ''[[Arabikkatha]]'' (2007), Padmarajan did that in this movie. ''Season'' might be among his least creative works, but it is still amazing that he had foreseen the fortunes and (at times) deathtraps that the youth of God's Own Country were going to embrace through the tourism sector&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vineyards of passion and bloody beaches: 5 eternal Padmarajan films for movie buffs |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/galleries/entertainment/2020/jan/23/vineyards-of-passion-and-bloody-beaches-5-eternal-padmarajan-films-for-movie-buffs-102725.html |access-date=2023-02-18 |website=The New Indian Express|date=27 January 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|0292226}}<br /> <br /> {{Padmarajan}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1989 Malayalam-language films]]<br /> [[Category:1989 films]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Padmarajan]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Thiruvananthapuram]]<br /> [[Category:Films with screenplays by Padmarajan]]<br /> [[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aai_(film)&diff=447087 2026-03-03T04:30:58Z

<p>Singh142536: update</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | image = Aai film poster.jpg<br /> | caption = Poster<br /> | director = [[A. Venkatesh (director)|A. Venkatesh]]<br /> | writer = [[Pattukkottai Prabakar]] (dialogues)<br /> | screenplay = A. Venkatesh<br /> | story = A. Venkatesh<br /> | producer = K. Parthiban<br /> | starring = [[R. Sarathkumar|Sarathkumar]] &lt;br /&gt; [[Namitha]]<br /> | cinematography = [[A. Venkatesh (cinematographer)|A. Venkatesh]]<br /> | editing = [[V. T. Vijayan]]<br /> | music = [[Srikanth Deva]]<br /> | studio = [[V. Sekhar|Thiruvalluvar Kalaikoodam]]<br /> | released = {{film date|df=y|2004|12|17}}<br /> | runtime = 162 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> | budget = &lt;!--Must cite a reliable published source with a reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb. no fan-sites.--&gt;<br /> | gross = &lt;!--Must cite a reliable published source with a reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb. no fan-sites.--&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Aai''''' ({{IPAc-en|eɪ}} {{Translation|Hey!}}) is a 2004 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action film]] directed by [[A. Venkatesh (director)|A. Venkatesh]]. The film stars [[R. Sarathkumar|Sarathkumar]] and [[Namitha]], with [[Vadivelu]], [[Kalabhavan Mani]], [[Ashish Vidyarthi]], [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]], and [[Vincent Asokan]] in supporting roles. It was released on 17 December 2004.<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> Sakthivel, alias Velu, leads a peaceful life in [[Palani]], selling home appliances on his bicycle. He resides with his sister Lakshmi and their friend Pazhani. Velu deliberately avoids confrontations and trouble. Velu falls in love with Anjali after an encounter on a bus. Initially, Anjali feigns disinterest, but eventually, she reciprocates Velu's feelings. Anjali encourages Velu to expand his business by taking a loan to establish a gym. Velu's life becomes a turning point when he witnesses Raghavan committing a murder. Despite being an eyewitness, Velu declines to report the incident to the police, fearing repercussions. However, when Raghavan harasses a college girl, Lakshmi intervenes, and Raghavan becomes infatuated with her. He forces Lakshmi to marry him, prompting Velu to confront Raghavan and his accomplices, including a corrupt police inspector. Anjali, perplexed by Velu's sudden display of bravery, confronts him about his initial reluctance to report the murder. Velu's actions, she argues, were selfish, as he only intervened to protect Lakshmi. In a surprising revelation, Lakshmi discloses that she is not Velu's sister, but rather the sister of Velu's close friend, Mani.<br /> <br /> A flashback reveals Velu's past as a military officer. During a holiday, Velu returns to [[Chennai]] to visit his friend Mani and his sister Lakshmi. Upon arrival, he witnesses [[Inspector]] Eswara Pandian misbehaving with a North Indian woman. Velu intervenes, but the enraged inspector, despite knowing Velu's military background, falsely charges him with several crimes and imprisons him. Velu, however, fights back and escapes from the police station. Velu, accompanied by his police friend Mani, meets with the [[Director general of police|Director-General of Police (DGP)]] to discuss the rampant corruption within the department. However, the DGP admits his powerlessness in addressing the issue. Undeterred, Velu and Mani embark on a mission to eradicate corruption within the police department. Disguising themselves, they target corrupt officials, using unorthodox methods to reform them.<br /> <br /> One day, Mani discovers a wine shop operating opposite the school where his fiancée, Kanmani, teaches. Mani, Kanmani, Velu, and the schoolchildren collectively destroy the wine shop, with Velu setting it ablaze. The shop's owner, Naachiyar, vows to retaliate by destroying the school. Velu, however, warns Naachiyar that he will be dealt with before he can harm the school. Naachiyar, unfazed, devises a plan to bomb the school. Velu and Mani receive a distress call from Kanmani and rush to the school, managing to save the children and Kanmani. Tragically, Mani is fatally stabbed by one of Naachiyar's henchmen and falls from the school building. As Mani lies dying, he expresses his desire to see his sister become a collector. Velu vows to fulfill this wish but to seek vengeance for Mani's demise, Velu apprehends Naachiyar and shoots him twice. It is also revealed that Velu had been living in hiding, keeping a low profile to safeguard Lakshmi from Naachiyar's wrath. Though the military court declared Velu innocent of all charges, Velu voluntarily resigned from the military to assume responsibility for fulfilling Mani's dying wish: to support Lakshmi in becoming a collector.<br /> <br /> In the present day, Naachiyar, driven by a thirst for vengeance, finally tracks down Velu in Palani. Seeking revenge for the past shooting, Naachiyar allies with Eswara Pandian, now a [[Deputy superintendent of police|Deputy Superintendent of Police (DSP)]], and Raghavan to eliminate Velu. During the [[Thaipusam|Thaipoosam]] festival celebrations at the [[Dhandayuthapani Swamy Temple|Palani temple]], Velu is ambushed and shot by Naachiyar. However, Velu swiftly tends to his wounds and launches a fierce counterattack amidst the crowded temple grounds. Ensuring Anjali, Pazhani, and Lakshmi's safety, Velu sends them home before focusing on taking down the thugs, Eswara Pandian, and Naachiyar. Years later, Velu is released from prison after serving his sentence for the killings. Lakshmi has realized Mani's dream and is now a collector.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{cast listing|<br /> * [[R. Sarathkumar|Sarathkumar]] as Sakthivelu &quot;Velu&quot;<br /> * [[Namitha]] as Anjali, Sakthivelu's love interest<br /> * [[Vadivelu]] as Pazhani<br /> * [[Kalabhavan Mani]] as Mani, Velu's best friend<br /> * [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]] as Naachiyar<br /> * [[Vincent Asokan]] as Raghavan<br /> * [[Ashish Vidyarthi]] as [[Dindigul]] [[Deputy superintendent of police|DSP]] Easwara Pandian<br /> * [[Thalaivasal Vijay]] as an [[Inspector]] in [[Palani]]<br /> * [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] as a [[Director general of police|DGP]]<br /> * [[Thyagu (actor)|Thyagu]] as Inspector Vavval Pandi<br /> * [[Ponnambalam (actor)|Ponnambalam]] as Inspector Kalyanaraman<br /> * [[Ilavarasu]] as Traffic [[Constable]] Subbarayan<br /> * [[Mayoori (actress)|Mayoori]] as Kanmani, Mani's wife<br /> * Rithika as Lakshmi, Mani's sister<br /> * [[Paravai Muniyamma]] as Anjali's grandmother<br /> * [[Bonda Mani]] as an auto driver<br /> * [[Crane Manohar]] as a customer<br /> * [[Scissor Manohar]] as a pickpocket<br /> * [[Joker Thulasi]] as a bus conductor<br /> * Manager Cheena as a post office customer<br /> * Tirupur Ramasamy as a post office customer<br /> * Kottai Perumal as a police constable<br /> * [[Kovai Senthil]] as [[Goldsmith|Achari]]<br /> * [[Rangammal]]<br /> * Priyanka as a widow<br /> * [[Bava Lakshmanan]] as Ganapathi<br /> * [[Bayilvan Ranganathan]] as a relative<br /> * M. Seenivasan<br /> * Jayamani<br /> * Kumaresan<br /> * [[Vengal Rao]] as a costume lender<br /> * Vijay Ganesh<br /> * [[Robo Shankar]] as Army Man (uncredited role)<br /> * [[Mumtaj]] as a belly dancer (special appearance)<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> The soundtrack was composed by [[Srikanth Deva]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Aai |url=https://wynk.in/music/album/aai/pp_DivoBAai |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212125624/https://wynk.in/music/album/aai/pp_DivoBAai |archive-date=12 February 2023 |access-date=12 February 2023 |website=[[Wynk Music]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {{track listing<br /> | headline = Track listing<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | total_length = 32:09<br /> | title1 = Arjuna Arjuna<br /> | lyrics1 = Kalaikumar<br /> | extra1 = [[Udit Narayan]], [[Sophia Salam]]<br /> | length1 = 5:13<br /> | title2 = Ooru Onu Onuu<br /> | lyrics2 = [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]<br /> | extra2 = [[R. Sarathkumar]], [[Vadivelu]], [[Anuradha Sriram]], [[Paravai Muniyamma]], Jaishree<br /> | length2 = 5:27<br /> | title3 = Aai Mailapuru<br /> | lyrics3 = [[Pa. Vijay]]<br /> | extra3 = [[Manikka Vinayagam]], [[Sabesh–Murali|Sabesh]], [[Ganga Sitharasu|Ganga]], [[Suchitra]]<br /> | length3 = 5:18<br /> | title4 = Meyau Meyau<br /> | lyrics4 = Kalaikumar<br /> | extra4 = [[Srikanth Deva]], [[Sadhana Sargam]]<br /> | length4 = 5:18<br /> | title5 = Neathi Adida Aai<br /> | lyrics5 = [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]<br /> | extra5 = [[Javed Ali]], [[Palakkad Sreeram]], Gopal Sharma, Kumar, [[Suchitra]]<br /> | length5 = 5:03<br /> | title6 = Veluthu Kattu<br /> | lyrics6 = [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]<br /> | extra6 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]]<br /> | length6 = 5:50<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Release and reception ==<br /> Due to the producer's financial crunch, ''Aai'' was released on 17 December 2004, after a four-month delay.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 December 2004 |title=Two films are further delayed |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/two-films-are-further-delayed-news-tamil-kkfvCRdcjegsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907214909/http://www.sify.com/movies/two-films-are-further-delayed-news-tamil-kkfvCRdcjegsi.html |archive-date=7 September 2017 |access-date=7 September 2017 |website=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Aai (2004) |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/aai |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231227022626/https://screen4screen.com/movies/aai |archive-date=27 December 2023 |access-date=9 February 2024 |website=Screen 4 Screen}}&lt;/ref&gt; S. R. Ashok Kumar of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, &quot;The dialogue of Pattukkottai Prabhakar is powerful [...] A. Venkatesh who is also responsible for the story, screenplay and direction has made the film interesting with his gripping narration&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=S. R. Ashok |date=24 December 2004 |title=Aei |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2004/12/24/stories/2004122402850303.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121225055820/http://hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2004/12/24/stories/2004122402850303.htm |archive-date=25 December 2012 |access-date=9 February 2024 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Malini Mannath of ''Chennai Online'' wrote, &quot;It's a rehash of so many earlier films [..] – that one loses count of the 'inspirations'! There's nothing fresh by way of script or narrative style here. As for Sharat, though he plays the angry man with a vengeance, it's what he's done in his earlier films&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=29 December 2004 |title=Aiye..! |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Moviereviews/12aiye.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061014120738/http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Moviereviews/12aiye.asp |archive-date=14 October 2006 |access-date=19 April 2022 |website=Chennai Online}}&lt;/ref&gt; Visual Dasan of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' wrote 'when public does wrong the police retorts, who will retort if police does wrong', this one line plot is backed up by a screenplay with love, action and comedy which saves the film from faltering. At the same time the lengthy climax towards the end gives a headache.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |last=தாசன் |first=விஷுவல் |date=16 January 2005 |title=ஏய் |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki2005-01-16/page/96/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230424151758/https://archive.org/details/kalki2005-01-16/page/96/mode/2up |archive-date=24 April 2023 |access-date=12 February 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=96 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ''Cinesouth'' wrote &quot;The director Venkatesh, thinking that he is taking the film in an fast paced manner had ended up in giving a confused treatment to the whole story. Had he tried to think calmly and clearly about each and every sequence, a different kind of movie would have emerged. But it seems he had given in to the suggestions of his assistants during 'drunken session called story discussion', results in a kind of movie that is tepid and not at all up to the mark&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Aei |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/scopes/reviews/new/yei.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050206232442/http://www.cinesouth.com/scopes/reviews/new/yei.shtml |archive-date=6 February 2005 |access-date=13 July 2024 |website=Cinesouth}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Sify]]'' wrote &quot;Aei caters to the B and C centres, as Sarath turns into a Rambo in the climax which has enough high octane action to keep the front benchers happy along with an item number from Mumtaz and glamour from Namitha. Vadivelu rehashes his own old comedy tracks and Kalabhavan Mani hams. The music of Srikanth Deva is a big letdown as there is no hummble tune in the film. Sarath is 100 percent convincing with his great physique and body language. He is deadly in action scenes and the film is strictly for undemanding action fans!&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Aei |url=http://sify.com/movies/tamil/review.php?id=13634696&amp;ctid=5&amp;cid=2429 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050420234027/http://sify.com/movies/tamil/review.php?id=13634696&amp;ctid=5&amp;cid=2429 |archive-date=20 April 2005 |access-date=16 August 2024 |website=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' wrote, &quot;Sarath Kumar’s films have always something in them for everyone. But this one is a total washout as it is a rehash of many earlier films including some of his own movies. While the narrative and the script are stale, there is nothing to look forward to in terms of performance also. The only exception is comedian Vadivelu who breathes some life.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Ulaganathan |first=G. |date=9 January 2005 |title=Aai |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/jan092005/mr5.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050110054126/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/jan092005/mr5.asp |archive-date=10 January 2005 |access-date=17 March 2025 |website=[[Deccan Herald]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title}}<br /> * {{Rotten Tomatoes}}<br /> <br /> {{A. Venkatesh (director)}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2000s masala films]]<br /> [[Category:2004 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2004 action films]]<br /> [[Category:2004 films]]<br /> [[Category:2004 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by A. Venkatesh]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Srikanth Deva]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Chalakudy]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Palani]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Thrissur]]<br /> [[Category:Indian action films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language action films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Margazhi_Thingal&diff=516479 2026-03-03T02:31:15Z

<p>Singh142536: new...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2023 Tamil film}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Margazhi Thingal<br /> | image = Margazhi Thingal.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[Manoj Bharathiraja]]<br /> | writer = [[Suseenthiran]]<br /> | producer = Suseenthiran<br /> | starring = {{plainlist|<br /> *[[Bharathiraja]] <br /> *Suseenthiran<br /> *Shyam Selvan<br /> *Rakshana <br /> }}<br /> | cinematography = Vanchinathan Murugesan<br /> | editing = Thiyaku<br /> | music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]<br /> | studio = [[Suseenthiran|Vennila Productions]]<br /> | distributor = <br /> | released = {{Film date|df=y|2023|10|27}}<br /> | runtime = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> }}<br /> '''''Margazhi Thingal''''' ({{Translation|The Tamil month of [[Tamil calendar#Months|Margazhi]]}}) is a 2023 Indian Tamil-language [[romantic film|romantic]] [[drama film]] directed by [[Manoj Bharathiraja]] in his only movie as a director, as [[Bharathiraja|his father]] and produced by [[Suseenthiran]]. The film stars [[Bharathiraja]], Suseenthiran, Shyam Selvan and Rakshana in the lead roles. It was released on 27 October 2023.<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> Two teenagers fall head over heels in love with each other. Trouble begins when caste extremists interfere with their lives<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{Cast listing|<br /> *[[Bharathiraja]] as Ramaiyaa<br /> *[[Suseenthiran]] as Dharmaraj <br /> *Shyam Selvan as Vinod <br /> *Malavika Induchoodan as R. Kavitha<br /> *[[Appukutty]] as Raasu<br /> *Naksha Saran as Hema<br /> *[[Supergood Subramani]] as Karuppusamy<br /> *George Nelson as Vinod's father<br /> *Sharmila<br /> *Kovai Saavithiri<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Production==<br /> In 2022, director-producer [[Suseenthiran]] approached [[Manoj Bharathiraja]] to direct a film that he had written. Through the project, Manoj made his directorial debut, and revealed that he had dropped plans of making a remake of ''[[Sigappu Rojakkal]]'' that he had been attached to since the late 2000s.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 October 2023 |title=A change of season: Margazhi Thingal to hit theatres on October 20 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2023/oct/05/a-change-of-seasonmargazhi-thingal-to-hit-theatres-on-october-20-2620880.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108090957/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2023/oct/05/a-change-of-seasonmargazhi-thingal-to-hit-theatres-on-october-20-2620880.html |archive-date=8 November 2023 |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=The New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; Production began in mid-2023, with Manoj's father [[Bharathiraja]] selected to play a pivotal acting role alongside Suseenthiran, who would also make his debut as an actor. Newcomers Shyam Selvan - a nephew of Suseenthiran, Rakshana from Qatar, and Naksha Saran also joined the cast.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=IANS |date=2023-09-06 |title=Mani Ratnam unveils Bharathiraja's Margazhi Thingal teaser |url=https://www.dtnext.in/news/cinema/mani-ratnam-unveils-bharathirajas-margazhi-thingal-teaser-734630 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108180619/https://www.dtnext.in/news/cinema/mani-ratnam-unveils-bharathirajas-margazhi-thingal-teaser-734630 |archive-date=8 November 2023 |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=www.dtnext.in |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] was signed on to compose the film's music, but later left the project owing to other commitments.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-03-31 |title=Manoj Bharathiraja's directorial debut titled 'Margazhi Thingal' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/manoj-bharathirajas-directorial-debut-titled-margazhi-thingal/articleshow/99146004.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503141113/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/manoj-bharathirajas-directorial-debut-titled-margazhi-thingal/articleshow/99146004.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=3 May 2023 |access-date=2023-11-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; Music composer [[Ilaiyaraaja]] subsequently replaced Prakash Kumar, with the collaboration notably ending a long-term feud between Ilaiyaraaja and Bharathiraja.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-07-28 |title=These two legends reunite after 31 years for 'Margazhi Thingal |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/these-two-legends-reunite-after-31-years-for-margazhi-thingal/articleshow/102202043.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107172241/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/these-two-legends-reunite-after-31-years-for-margazhi-thingal/articleshow/102202043.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=7 November 2023 |access-date=2023-11-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; The soundtrack contains three songs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Margazhi Thingal songs |url=https://www.saregama.com/album/margazhi-thingal_144098 |access-date=9 November 2023 |website=Saregama}}&lt;/ref&gt; The lyrics were written by Ilaiyaraaja.<br /> *&quot;Un Ninaivaal&quot; - [[Ananya Bhat]]<br /> *&quot;Un Idhazhgalinal&quot; - Ananya Bhat<br /> *&quot;Pudichurukka&quot; - Ananya Bhat, Rajaganapathy<br /> *&quot;Pudichurukka&quot; (Version 2) - Ilaiyaraaja, Ananya Bhat<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> The film was released on 27 October 2023 across theatres in [[Tamil Nadu]], after being delayed due to the release of ''[[Leo (2023 Indian film)|Leo]]'' (2023).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 October 2023 |title=A change of season: Margazhi Thingal to hit theatres on October 20 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2023/oct/05/a-change-of-seasonmargazhi-thingal-to-hit-theatres-on-october-20-2620880.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108090957/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2023/oct/05/a-change-of-seasonmargazhi-thingal-to-hit-theatres-on-october-20-2620880.html |archive-date=8 November 2023 |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=The New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; A critic from ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' called it a &quot;generic romance pulled down by dated craft&quot; and that &quot;only in the last quarter that the film finally fires up, and the twists are unveiled&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 October 2023 |title='Margazhi Thingal' movie review: A generic romance pulled down by dated craft |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2023/oct/28/margazhi-thingal-movie-review-a-generic-romance-pulled-down-by-dated-craft-2627599.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108123030/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2023/oct/28/margazhi-thingal-movie-review-a-generic-romance-pulled-down-by-dated-craft-2627599.html |archive-date=8 November 2023 |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=The New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; A reviewer from ''[[Times of India]]'' wrote it was a &quot;touching love story that makes for a decent watch&quot; and that &quot;despite the low-key release of Manoj Bharathiraja's debut directorial venture, there is a noticeable breath of fresh air in his filmmaking abilities&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Margazhi Thingal Movie Review : A touching love story that makes for a decent watch |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/margazhi-thingal/movie-review/104771209.cms |access-date=2023-11-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{IMDb title|27295900}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2023 films]]<br /> [[Category:2023 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]<br /> [[Category:2023 directorial debut films]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Stanes&diff=463058 2026-02-24T21:07:48Z

<p>Singh142536: minor improved layout after review and improved wording</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|English businessman and philanthropist}}<br /> {{more citations needed|date=April 2021}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | honorific_prefix = <br /> | name = Sir Robert Stanes<br /> | image = RobertStanes.jpg<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date|1841|05|13|df=y}}<br /> | birth_place = London, England<br /> | death_date = {{death date and age|1936|9|06|1841|05|13|df=y}}<br /> | death_place = [[Coimbatore]], [[Madras Province]], [[British Raj|British India]]<br /> | spouse = Harriet Huntingdon Harris<br /> | occupation = [[Entrepreneur|Founder]], [[T Stanes &amp; Company]]; industrialist; educationalist.<br /> }}<br /> '''Sir Robert Stanes''' (13 May 1841 – 6 September 1936) was a British businessman and philanthropist in [[India]] who founded [[United Nilgiri Tea Estates]] (UNTE) in [[Coimbatore]].<br /> <br /> Stanes was born in [[Aldgate]], [[London]], the eighth of nine children of James Stanes (12 March 1796 – 3 February 1880) and Sarah Poultney Stanes (''[[née]]'' Worth; 26 April 1806 – 15 July 1843). James Stanes was a glass and china shipping merchant who established the Stanes' presence in India by sending several of his sons to the country. In 1848, James Stanes junior (1830&amp;ndash;1852), the second son, arrived in southern India and established the Runnymede Coffee Estate near [[Coonoor]] in [[Madras Presidency]]. He was drowned in May 1852 while traveling near Kulhutty. Later that year, following the death of James Stanes junior, William Henry Stanes (12 May 1826 – 31 January 1865), his eldest brother, was sent to India. He was followed by the fourth son, Thomas Stanes (6 January 1837 – 30 January 1905), who arrived at Madras on the [[SS Hindustan|SS ''Hindustan'']] on 26 June 1855. James Stanes senior visited his sons William and Thomas in Madras Presidency in 1855, accompanied by his third son, Henry Thomas Stanes (1835&amp;ndash;1917), who ran the London end of the family's businesses. The greatest impact in India was made by Robert Stanes, the youngest son, who arrived in India on 24 December 1858 on his father's ship the SS ''Trafalgar'' while still a boy of seventeen.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}<br /> <br /> Robert immediately launched himself on a successful career as a [[coffee]] planter in Coimbatore. Five years later he established the first inland coffee-curing plant in India, In 1885, Stanes &amp; Co went out of business. Stanes recalled that &quot;the firm suffered great losses and Messrs Stanes Watson failed in business, which led to the collapse of my firm. I had to begin all over again, all that I had was 500 rupees&quot; (about £40 at that date). Failure in business was at that time a disgrace and Robert Stanes's son, Fred, who was five at the time, remembered both the shame and also having to return to England on a cargo boat. Stanes wrote that &quot;my dear wife endured it all without a murmur and with the greatest patience&quot;. He started again and the business again prospered. By the time of his death he owned [[cotton mill]]s, coffee and tea plantations, coffee curing plants, motor works and tire retreading plants; Coimbatore is still a major industrial city today, largely through Stanes's contribution.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}<br /> <br /> When Coimbatore City Council was formed, he became chairman. He set up the [[Stanes School]] in the city in 1862. His elder brother, [[Thomas Stanes]], had established the Stanes School in [[Coonoor]], in 1858.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.stanescoonoor.com/ |title=Stanes School, Coonoor website |access-date=18 June 2006 |archive-date=13 June 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060613194207/http://stanescoonoor.com/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1913, he was awarded the [[Kaisar-i-Hind Medal|Kaiser-i-Hind Gold Medal]] for services to Coimbatore and to education and he was [[Knight Bachelor|knighted]] in the 1920 New Year Honours.&lt;ref&gt;{{London Gazette |issue=31712 |date=30 December 1919 |page=3 |supp=y}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Sir Robert died in Coimbatore in 1936 and is buried alongside his wife, Harriet Huntingdon Harris (1843&amp;ndash;1901), at All Saints church, Coonoor.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}<br /> <br /> ==Footnotes==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Obituary, ''[[The Times]]'', 8 September 1936<br /> *{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20060421083031/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2005/07/23/stories/2005072302040300.htm Robert Stanes in ''The Hindu Metro Plus'']}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Stanes, Robert}}<br /> [[Category:1841 births]]<br /> [[Category:1936 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:People from Aldgate]]<br /> [[Category:Businesspeople from Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Businesspeople awarded knighthoods]]<br /> [[Category:Knights Bachelor]]<br /> [[Category:English philanthropists]]<br /> [[Category:Owners of plantations in the United Kingdom]]<br /> [[Category:Businesspeople in the coffee industry]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Kaisar-i-Hind Medal]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jessie_Paul&diff=506094 2026-02-12T11:54:00Z

<p>Singh142536: Made new details</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian businessman}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Jessie Paul<br /> | image = File:Jessie_Paul.jpg<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_name = <br /> | birth_date = &lt;!-- {{birth date|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD}} --&gt;<br /> | birth_place = <br /> | death_date = &lt;!-- {{Death date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date then birth date) --&gt;<br /> | death_place = <br /> | children = 1 <br /> | other_names = <br /> | known_for = Author of ''No Money Marketing'',&lt;ref name=&quot;forbes29oct09nmm&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=10 Reasons to Read Jessie Paul's No Money Marketing|url=http://business.in.com/article/appraisals/10-reasons-to-read-jessie-pauls-no-money-marketing/6072/1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091031084536/http://business.in.com/article/appraisals/10-reasons-to-read-jessie-pauls-no-money-marketing/6072/1|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 October 2009|work=[[Forbes]]|accessdate=23 July 2010|author=Vivek Kamath |date=29 October 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt; former CMO of [[Wipro]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Zomato sandwiched between Delhi and Bengaluru|url=http://www.afaqs.com/news/story/40897_Zomato-sandwiched-between-Delhi-and-Bengaluru|publisher=afaqs|access-date=7 July 2015|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304133310/http://www.afaqs.com/news/story/40897_Zomato-sandwiched-between-Delhi-and-Bengaluru|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | education = [[IIM Calcutta]]<br /> | employer = <br /> | organization = <br /> | notable_works = <br /> | occupation = Writer, marketer, CEO,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=It ends with the user|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/catalyst/it-ends-with-the-user/article6639832.ece|publisher=The Hindu Business Line}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Awards given for excellence in real estate marketing|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/awards-given-for-excellence-in-real-estate-marketing/article4839291.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; marketing consultant<br /> | years_active = <br /> | title = <br /> | term = <br /> | predecessor = <br /> | successor = <br /> | boards = <br /> | spouse = <br /> | partner = <br /> | parents = <br /> | relations = <br /> | awards = <br /> | website = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Jessie Paul''' is an Indian marketer, founder and CEO of a marketing advisory firm,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Amazon gives big ad push to Kindle|url=http://www.livemint.com/Money/pJp31I0FME6Bfa4sfCAYJM/Amazon-gives-big-ad-push-to-Kindle.html|publisher=The Mint}}&lt;/ref&gt; public speaker, and author.&lt;ref name=et10nov09jp /&gt; She was [[chief marketing officer]] of [[Wipro]] IT Business&lt;ref name=&quot;et10nov09jp&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Wipro's CMO Jessie Paul quits to start own venture|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Corporate-Announcement/Jessie-Paul-quits-Wipro-to-start-own-venture/articleshow/5213972.cms|work=[[The Economic Times]]|publisher=[[The Times Group]]|accessdate=23 July 2010|author=Shelley Singh|date=10 Nov 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=The future of marketing|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/catalyst/the-future-of-marketing/article2432791.ece|publisher=The Hindu Business Line}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author1=Shilpa Phadnis|title=Vice-chairman TK Kurien to leave Wipro this month|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/vice-chairman-tk-kurien-to-leave-wipro-this-month/articleshow/56728655.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=23 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; and global brand manager at [[Infosys]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Techies all and loving it|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/techies-all-and-loving-it/article1512066.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=What's in a name? E-lot, they say|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/tech-news/Whats-in-a-name-E-lot-they-say/articleshow/46629205.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Paul is a non-executive director with SQS India BFSI Limited,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=SQS India BFSI - Board of Directors|url=http://www.sqs-bfsi.com/investors/board-of-directors.php}}&lt;/ref&gt; Expleo Solutions,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Companies » Company Overview » Expleo Solutions Ltd |url=https://www.business-standard.com/company/expleo-solutions-33432/info |publisher=[[Business Standard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Bajaj Consumer Care]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=CEOs, biz honchos offer tips to get back into the game |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/cover-story/ceos-biz-honchos-offer-tips-to-get-back-into-the-game/articleshow/75281828.cms |publisher=[[Bangalore Mirror]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Royal Orchid Hotels]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Regenta &amp; Royal Orchid Hotels - Board of Directors |url=https://www.royalorchidhotels.com/royal-orchid-group}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Lilian Jessie Paul, 49, Independent Non-Executive Director, Royal Orchid Hotels Ltd. |url=https://www.wsj.com/market-data/quotes/IN/XNSE/ROHLTD/company-people/executive-profile/136059478 |publisher=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[CreditAccess Grameen Limited|CreditAccess Grameen]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=CreditAccess Grameen Intimation Of Appointment Of Independent Directors |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/creditaccess-grameen-ltd/stocksupdate/companyid-31253.cms |publisher=[[The Economic Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Education and personal life==<br /> She started her education at a convent in Delhi, did 2nd to 5th grade in Sydney, Australia, and completed her schooling from an all girls school in her native village of [[Nazareth, Tamil Nadu|Nazareth]], [[Tamil Nadu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kidskintha.com/cutting-through-clutter-and-raising-the-bar-meet-jessie-paul/|title=Cutting Through Clutter And Raising the Bar - Meet Jessie Paul|date=2016-03-31|website=Kidskintha|language=en-US|access-date=2019-08-27|archive-date=27 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827153822/https://www.kidskintha.com/cutting-through-clutter-and-raising-the-bar-meet-jessie-paul/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=99yCpqaupNcC&amp;q=jessie+paul+schooling&amp;pg=PT24|title=Breaking Barriers|last=Krishnan|first=Janaki|date=2013|publisher=Jaico Publishing House|isbn=9788184953954|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Paul holds a bachelor's degree in computer science and an engineering degree from [[National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Jessie Paul, Managing Director, Paul Writer|url=http://www.nasscom.in/sites/default/files/Speakers/Jessie_Paul.pdf|publisher=[[NASSCOM]]|access-date=19 February 2017|archive-date=20 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220172255/http://www.nasscom.in/sites/default/files/Speakers/Jessie_Paul.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; and an [[Master of Business Administration|MBA]] in marketing from [[Indian Institute of Management Calcutta]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Bloomberg&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=22583671&amp;privcapId=209503804&amp;previousCapId=209503804&amp;previousTitle=Gaglers,%20Inc. |title=Executive profile&amp;nbsp;— Jessie Paul |work=Bloomberg |access-date=13 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Paul is married, with one daughter, and resides in [[Bengaluru]], India.<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> After graduating from NIT, she joined the technology design firm, Tata Elxsi, as a trainer and part of the sales support team.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Paul had worked for almost 15 years in companies including O&amp;M, [[Infosys]] and [[IGATE|iGate]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wipros-cmo-jessie-paul-quits-to-start-own-venture/articleshow/5213972.cms|title=Wipro's CMO Jessie Paul quits to start own venture|last=Singh|first=Shelley|date=2009-11-10|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2019-08-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1998, Paul worked at Infosys as a Global Brand Manager. Her role included heading the set up of the company's marketing team and field marketing programs like the Wharton Infosys Business Transformation Award, which she anchored. During her time, Infosys also received the US-based IT Services Marketing Association’s Diamond Award. She was also part of the team which was involved in the [[NASDAQ]] listing of Infosys’ American Depositary Shares in 1999.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Paul left [[Infosys]] to join a start-up back-office firm Quintant Corporation in 2003 as its Global Marketing Head. Quintant was soon after acquired by iGate Corp where she then worked for two years.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2005, Paul became chief marketing officer and led a team of 50 at [[Wipro]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ciol10nov09&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ciol.com/News/Executive-Track/News-Reports/Wipros-CMO-Jessie-Paul-steps-down/101109127510/0/|title=Wipro's CMO Jessie Paul steps down|author=Akanksha Prasad|date=10 November 2009|publisher=CyberMedia India Online Ltd., CIOL|accessdate=23 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406044035/http://www.ciol.com/News/Executive-Track/News-Reports/Wipros-CMO-Jessie-Paul-steps-down/101109127510/0/|archive-date=6 April 2012|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Paul quit Wipro Technologies in 2009 to start her own venture, Paul Writer Strategic Advisory.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|publisher=[[The Economic Times]]|title=Can Cocofly crack the 'Paper Boat Problem'?|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/brand-equity/can-cocofly-crack-the-paper-boat-problem/articleshow/56889875.cms}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title='Frameworks have been super handy' - Jessie Paul, CEO, Paul Writer |url=https://bloncampus.thehindubusinessline.com/placement-prep/frameworks-have-been-super-handy/article32774096.ece |publisher=[[The Hindu Business Line]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Jessie Paul: Creating An Indian B2B Community|url=http://www.womensweb.in/articles/interview-with-jessie-paul/|access-date=19 February 2017|archive-date=20 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220092435/http://www.womensweb.in/articles/interview-with-jessie-paul/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Paul has been named one of the most influential women in information technology in India.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=No Money Marketing Jessie Paul &gt;About the Author|work=Tata Mcgraw Hill|url=http://www.tatamcgrawhill.com/html/9780070152700.html|accessdate=23 July 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.digitalvidya.com/blog/expert/jessie-paul/|title=Jessie Paul - Digital Vidya|work=Digital Vidya|access-date=2018-01-20|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Publications ==<br /> * Marketing Booster Magazine- India's first ever marketing magazine&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> * &quot;What Motivates You?&quot; - A book review of Payoff by Dan Ariely in Outlook Business&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/jessiepaul|title=Jessie Paul|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * No Money Marketing- a guide for marketing on low budget&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Honours and awards==<br /> <br /> * Chairman's Award, Infosys, 1998&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20050601005512/en/Wipro-Appoints-Jessie-Paul-Chief-Marketing-Officer|title=Wipro Appoints Jessie Paul as Chief Marketing Officer|date=2005-06-01|website=www.businesswire.com|language=en|access-date=2019-08-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * DataQuest's list of most powerful women in IT in India, 2005&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dqindia.com/young-achiever/|title=Young Achiever|date=2005-06-27|website=DATAQUEST|language=en-US|access-date=2019-08-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * IT People's Award for Women in Leadership, 2008&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.caclubindia.com/forum/share-amp-celebrate-international-women-s-day-08-march-2012-193223.asp|title=Share &amp; celebrate international women's day - 08 march 2012 - Inspirational - Others|last=Alagappan|first=Chitra|website=CAclubindia|language=en|access-date=2019-08-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Featured in “Building a Global Brand - the Case Study of Wipro” authored by Prof Bharath Rao of Polytechnic University, NY, USA.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Building a Global Brand: The Case of Wipro |url=http://faculty.poly.edu/~brao/2007.Wipro.PICMET.pdf |access-date=15 October 2020 |archive-date=20 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020095723/http://faculty.poly.edu/~brao/2007.Wipro.PICMET.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> * Featured in Wipro Building a Global B2B Brand by Amitava Chattopadhyay of INSEAD, 2009.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=WIPRO: Building a Global B-2-B Brand |url=https://amitavac.com/cms/cache/2013/09/INSEAD_Case_5615-Wipro-A-CS-EN-1-09-2011-w.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{twitter|jessie_paul}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Paul, Jessie}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Institute of Management Calcutta alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Businesswomen from Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Women in marketing]]<br /> [[Category:Businesspeople from Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli alumni]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian engineers]]<br /> [[Category:Indian marketing people]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> [[Category:Engineers from Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian women engineers]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian women engineers]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian engineers]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zainuddin_(poet)&diff=546434 2026-02-12T06:22:13Z

<p>Singh142536: Created a details.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|14th-century Bengali poet}}<br /> {{Short description|15th-century Bengali poet}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | honorific_prefix = <br /> | name = '''Zainuddin'''<br /> | native_name = জৈনুদ্দীন<br /> | native_name_lang = bn<br /> | image = <br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_date = 15th century{{Efn|exact date unknown}}<br /> | birth_place = Bengal Sultanate&lt;br&gt;(present day Bangladesh)<br /> | death_date = 15th century{{Efn|exact date unknown}}<br /> | death_place = Bengal Sultanate&lt;br&gt;(present day Bangladesh)<br /> | other_names = <br /> | occupation = Poet, Writer<br /> | years_active = 15th century<br /> | era = Medieval period<br /> | known_for = Medieval Bengali poetry; Sufi literary tradition<br /> | notable_works = * ''Rasul Bijay''<br /> }}<br /> '''Zainuddin''' ({{langx|bn|জৈনুদ্দীন}} or {{lang|bn|জএনুদ্দিন}}) was a medieval [[Bengalis|Bengali]] poet of the 15th century. He was under the patronage of Prince [[Shamsuddin Yusuf Shah|Yusuf Khan]], who would later become the [[Sultan of Bengal]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author=[[Abdul Karim (historian)|Abdul Karim]] |url=https://archive.org/details/mittabadider-mukhush-unmuchon/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%20%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8/page/n85/mode/2up |title=বাংলার ইতিহাস: মুসলিম বিজয় থেকে সিপাহী বিপ্লব পর্যন্ত [১২০০-১৮৫৭ খ্রিঃ] |publisher=বড়াল প্রকাশনী |date=August 1999 |location=[[Dhaka]] |page=90 |language=bn}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early life and education==<br /> Zainuddin was born into a [[Bengali Muslim]] family in the 15th century. His father, Moinuddin, claimed descent from [[Abu Bakr]], a companion of [[Muhammad]] and the inaugural [[Rashidun Caliph]]. Zainuddin was a [[Sufi]] [[murid]], and his [[Sufi pir|pir]] was Shah Muhammad Khan.<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> Between 1472 and 1473, Zainuddin composed a fictional tale titled ''Rasul Bijay'', the source of which is said to have been a novel in the [[Persian language]]. Its plot consisted of a war in which Jaikum, a fictional king of [[Iraq]], was defeated by the Muslims who were led by Muhammad.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.98119/page/n451/mode/2up|title=A Descriptive Catalogue Of Bengali Manuscripts|author1=[[Abdul Karim Sahitya Bisharad|Abdul Karim, Munshi]]|author2=[[Ahmed Sharif|Sharif, Ahmed]]|editor=[[Syed Sajjad Hussain|Hussain, Syed Sajjad]]|location=[[Dacca]]|publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Pakistan]]|year=1960}}&lt;/ref&gt; The book was sponsored by [[Shamsuddin Yusuf Shah|Yusuf Khan]], the son of Sultan [[Rukunuddin Barbak Shah]] of the [[Ilyas Shahi dynasty]].&lt;ref name=Banglapedia&gt;{{cite Banglapedia|author=Ahmed, Wakil|article=Jainuddin}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> *{{cite journal|journal=[[Mahe Nao]]|title=Kabi Zainuddin|author=Nazirul Islam, Muhammad Sufian|date=May 1957}}<br /> <br /> == Notes ==<br /> {{Notelist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Zainuddin}}<br /> [[Category:15th-century Bengali poets]]<br /> [[Category:15th-century Indian Muslims]]<br /> [[Category:15th-century Indian poets]]<br /> [[Category:Bengali male poets]]<br /> [[Category:Place of death unknown]]<br /> [[Category:15th-century births]]<br /> [[Category:Year of death unknown]]<br /> [[Category:Bengal Sultanate officers]]<br /> <br /> {{Bangladesh-poet-stub}}</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Om_Raut&diff=451028 2026-02-09T05:00:06Z

<p>Singh142536: Revised and enhanced article content</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian film director (born 1981)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Om Raut<br /> | image = Om Raut.jpg<br /> | caption = Raut in 2022<br /> | birth_name = &lt;!-- only use if different from name --&gt;<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1981|12|21}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India<br /> | death_date = &lt;!-- {{Death date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date then birth date) --&gt;<br /> | death_place = <br /> | years_active = 2010–present<br /> | alma_mater = [[Syracuse University]]<br /> | occupation = {{hlist|[[Film director]]|[[Film producer]]|[[Screenwriter]]|former child actor}}<br /> | known_for = <br /> | notable_works = <br /> | term = <br /> | spouse = <br /> | children = <br /> | mother = <br /> | father = <br /> | website = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Om Raut''' (born 21 December 1981) is an Indian film [[Film director|director]], [[Screenwriter|writer]], former child actor and [[Film producer|producer]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Om Raut |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3819854/ |access-date=2023-06-18 |website=IMDb |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; He has received the [[68th National Film Awards]] for Best Popular Film for the film ''[[Tanhaji]]''. He received Maharashtra State Awards for his 2015 film ''[[Lokmanya: Ek Yugpurush|Lokmanya: Ek Yug Purush]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Om Raut biography&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/person/om-raut/1044565 |title=Om Raut biography |publisher=in.bookmyshow.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/winners-of-the-karrm-filmfare-awards-marathi-17002.html|title=Winners of the Karrm Filmfare Awards (Marathi)|website=filmfare.com|language=en|access-date=2020-02-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> His 2023 film, ''[[Adipurush]]'', an adaptation of the ''[[Ramayana]]'', starring [[Prabhas]] in the [[title role]] of [[Lord Rama]], received mostly unfavourable reviews from both the critics and audience, alike. The direction, dialogues, and faithfulness to the source material were deemed not evident. It also got labelled with controversies owing to [[visual effects]] and portrayal of [[Lord Rama]], [[Hanuman]] and [[Ravana]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title= Adipurush movie review: Anti Hindu Critics call Prabhas-starrer 'an epic disappointment'|date=16 June 2023 |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/trending/box-office/story/adipurush-movie-review-critics-call-prabhas-starrer-an-epic-disappointment-385949-2023-06-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;phelian&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=phelian |date=2023-06-17 |title=From Mob Attacks To Vandalism, Here's Every Controversy 'Adipurush' Has Courted |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/south-cinema/adipurush-om-raut-movie-ramayana-controversy-hindu-sena-viral-videos-hanuman-seat-prabhas-kriti-sanon-saif-ali-khan |access-date=2023-06-18 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The movie has one of the lowest ratings on Rotten tomatoes.<br /> <br /> == Early life ==<br /> Om was born in Mumbai to Bharat Kumar and Neena Raut. His mother is a television producer and his father is a senior journalist, well-known author, and successful [[Rajya Sabha]] member.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=http://www.exchange4media.com/peoplemovement/neena-raut_33058.html |title=Neena Raut |last=www.exchange4media.com |access-date=19 July 2017 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://businessofcinema.com/bollywood-news/endemol-appoints-neena-raut-as-regional-creative-head/25599 |title=Endemol appoints Neena Raut as Regional creative head |website=businessofcinema.com |date=3 November 2008 |language=en-US |access-date=19 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Raut's grandfather, J. S. Bandekar, (1925–2017) was a documentary filmmaker and editor.&lt;ref name=&quot;lotus&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> After working as a child artist in several theatre plays and ad films, Raut's feature film acting debut came with a lead role in ''Karamati Coat'', in 1993.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.childrensfilmsouthasia.org/the-miraculous-coat/ |title=Karamati Coat |website=www.childrensfilmsouthasia.org |access-date=19 June 2017 |archive-date=3 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160503173035/http://www.childrensfilmsouthasia.org/the-miraculous-coat/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Raut attended Junior college at [[D. G. Ruparel College of Arts, Science and Commerce|D.G. Ruparel college]] in [[Matunga]]&lt;!-- 1998-99 batch--&gt; and also holds a bachelor's degree in Electronics Engineering from the [[Shah &amp; Anchor Kutchhi Engineering College|Shah &amp; Anchor College of Engineering]] in Mumbai.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/did-you-know/Om-had-a-successful-stint-in-US/articleshow/45729779.cms |title=Om had a successful stint in US - Times of India |work=The Times of India |access-date=19 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; He joined [[Syracuse University]]'s [[Syracuse University College of Visual and Performing Arts|College of Visual and Performing Arts]] in [[New York State]] to study film and television.&lt;ref name=&quot;Variety Ramayana&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Ramachandran |first1=Naman |title=Prabhas-Starring 'Adipurush': Director Om Raut Reveals Details of Epic 'Ramayana' Adaptation (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/news/prabhas-adipurush-om-raut-ramayana-1235186861/ |access-date=16 June 2023 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=22 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> After completing his education, Raut worked as a writer &amp; director for [[MTV Network]] in New York City.&lt;ref name=&quot;Variety Ramayana&quot;/&gt; He moved back to India&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/462063/City-of-Gold/credits |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307100236/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/462063/City-of-Gold/credits |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 March 2016 |department=Movies &amp; TV Dept. |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=2016 |title=City-of-Gold - Cast, Crew, Director and Awards - NYTimes.com |access-date=1 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; and later became the creative head of [[DAR Motion Pictures]], before he produced ''[[City of Gold (2010 film)|City of Gold]]'' and ''[[Haunted – 3D]]''.<br /> <br /> Raut's directorial debut was the [[Marathi language|Marathi]] film ''[[Lokmanya: Ek Yug Purush]]'' (2015), the first production of Neena Raut Films, which he had co-founded with his mother. It earned him the [[Filmfare Award for Best Debut Director]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://relationshipscience.com/om-raut-p24679573 |title=Om Raut - Vice President-Creative Business Development at Valuable Group of Cos. |website=Relationship Science |language=en |access-date=19 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; The 2020 [[Hindi]] period action film ''[[Tanhaji]]'', marked the [[Hindi cinema|first Hindi directorial venture]] of Raut.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Om Raut biography&quot; /&gt; His latest film is {{Lang|hi-latn|[[Adipurush]]}} starring [[Prabhas]] and [[Saif Ali Khan]] which released on June 16, 2023. The film received mostly negative reviews from both the critics and audience, alike. The direction, dialogues, and faithfulness to the source material were severely panned. It also generated multiple controversies owing to the subpar [[visual effects]] and portrayal of [[Lord Rama]], [[Hanuman]] and [[Ravana]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title= Adipurush movie review: Critics call Prabhas-starrer 'an epic disappointment'|date=16 June 2023 |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/trending/box-office/story/adipurush-movie-review-critics-call-prabhas-starrer-an-epic-disappointment-385949-2023-06-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;phelian&quot;/&gt; However, it was a major commercial failure.&lt;ref name=&quot;Variety Ramayana&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Azad |first=Easha |date=2023-01-18 |title=150 days to Adipurush release: Rs 600 crore budget movie &amp; the controversies that it got entangled into |url=https://newsroompost.com/entertainment/150-days-to-adipurush-release-rs-600-crore-budget-movie-the-controversies-that-it-got-entangled-into/5225469.html |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=NewsroomPost |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> in May 2025, his next project [[Kalam: The Missile Man of India]] was announced at [[Cannes Film Festival]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Ramachandran |first1=Naman |title=Dhanush to Play Former Indian President A.P.J. Abdul Kalam in Om Raut-Directed Biopic |url=https://variety.com/2025/film/news/dhanush-apj-abdul-kalam-biopic-1236405871/ |website=Variety |access-date=22 May 2025 |date=21 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Controversy==<br /> <br /> In 2015, Raut posted on [[Twitter]], &quot;Was God Hanuman Deaf? People around my building think so. Playing loud music like 'really loud' on Hanuman Jayanti. Plus all irrelevant songs&quot;. He reportedly deleted the tweet after it went viral. Amid the widespread negative critical and audience response to his 2023 film ''[[Adipurush]]'', the tweet resurfaced.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-06-17 |title=Amid Adipurush Dialogue Controversy, Om Raut's Old Tweet Asking If Hanuman Was Deaf Goes Viral |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/celebs/amid-adipurush-dialogue-controversy-om-rauts-old-tweet-asking-if-hanuman-was-deaf-goes-viral-606287.html |access-date=2023-06-24 |website=IndiaTimes |language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Filmography==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable &quot;<br /> |+<br /> |-<br /> !Year<br /> !Title<br /> !Director<br /> !Writer<br /> !Producer<br /> !Actor<br /> !Language<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 1993 <br /> |''Karamati Coat''<br /> | {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{yes}} || Hindi<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 2011 <br /> |''[[Haunted – 3D]]''<br /> | {{no}} || {{no}} || {{Yes}} || {{No}} || Hindi<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 2015 <br /> |''[[Lokmanya: Ek Yugpurush]]''<br /> | {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{no}} || {{no}} || Marathi<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |2020<br /> |''[[Tanhaji]]''<br /> |{{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{no}} || {{no}} || Hindi<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |2023<br /> |''[[Adipurush]]'' <br /> |{{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{no}} || Hindi&lt;br /&gt;Telugu<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |2025<br /> |''[[Inspector Zende]]''<br /> |{{No}} || {{No}} || {{Yes}} || {{No}} || Hindi<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{TableTBA}}<br /> |''Kalam: The Missile Man of India''<br /> |{{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{no}} || {{no}} || Hindi<br /> |}<br /> <br /> '''As executive producer'''<br /> * [[City of Gold (2010 film)|''City of Gold'']] (2010; Hindi-Marathi)<br /> <br /> == Awards ==<br /> * [[Filmfare]] Award 2016: Best Debut Director for ''[[Lokmanya: Ek Yug Purush]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://citygossiper.com/om-raut-lokmanya-tilak-marathi-movie-wiki-release-date-trailer-hd-videos/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202225523/http://citygossiper.com/om-raut-lokmanya-tilak-marathi-movie-wiki-release-date-trailer-hd-videos/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=2 December 2016|title=&quot;Om Raut&quot; got Best Director Debut Award (Marathi Filmfare 2016) for &quot;Lokmanya: Ek Yug Purush&quot;|date=30 November 2016|newspaper=CityGossiper.com|access-date=19 December 2016|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/filmfare-marathi-nominations-2016/articleshow/55576778.cms |title=Filmfare Marathi: Nominations are out - Times of India |work=The Times of India |access-date=19 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 52nd Maharashtra State Awards 2015: Best Director for [[Lokmanya: Ek Yug Purush]]<br /> * [[66th Filmfare Awards]] 2021: Best Director for ''[[Tanhaji: The Unsung Warrior]]''<br /> * [[68th National Film Awards]] 2022: Best Popular Film for ''[[Tanhaji: The Unsung Warrior]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;lotus&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Ramachandran |first1=Sanskriti |title=A great feeling to win the Golden Lotus |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/250722/a-great-feeling-to-win-the-golden-lotus.html |access-date=16 June 2023 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |date=July 25, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> {{commons}}<br /> * {{Official website|http://omraut.com/}}<br /> * {{IMDb name|3819854}}<br /> <br /> {{Expand Marathi|Om Raut|date=June 2016}}<br /> {{Filmfare Award for Best Director}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Raut, Om}}<br /> [[Category:1981 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian writers]]<br /> [[Category:Actors in Hindi cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Film directors from Mumbai]]<br /> [[Category:Film producers from Mumbai]]<br /> [[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language film directors]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi film producers]]<br /> [[Category:Male actors from Mumbai]]<br /> [[Category:Marathi film directors]]<br /> [[Category:Marathi film producers]]<br /> [[Category:Marathi screenwriters]]<br /> [[Category:Screenwriters from Mumbai]]<br /> [[Category:Syracuse University College of Visual and Performing Arts alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Telugu film directors]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=BLR_Hubba&diff=488737 2026-02-04T10:44:55Z

<p>Singh142536: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Cultural Festival}}{{Infobox event<br /> |Event_Name=BLR Hubba<br /> |image=File:BLR Hubba logo 100.jpg<br /> |Image_Caption=Logo of BLR Hubba<br /> |place=Bengaluru<br /> |also known as=Bengaluru Hubba<br /> |type=Cultural Fest<br /> |organisers=UnboxingBLR<br /> |website=https://blrhubba.in/<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''BLR Hubba''' is an annual arts and culture festival held in [[Bengaluru]], [[India]], organized by the [[UnboxingBLR Foundation]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anien |first=Tini Sara |date=2026-01-14 |title=BLR Hubba to begin from January 16 with more than 350 events |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/blr-hubbato-begin-from-january-16-with-more-than350-events-3861279 |access-date=2026-01-21 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The festival presents a range of cultural programming, including music, dance, theater, visual arts, food, walks and heritage-related events, and is conducted across multiple venues in the city. These have included cultural institutions, public parks, and street locations.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About BLR Hubba |url=https://blrhubba.in/about/about-blr-hubba |access-date=2026-01-21 |website=BLR Hubba |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Conceived as a city-wide cultural initiative, BLR Hubba utilizes both conventional and non-traditional public spaces as performance and exhibition sites. Since its inception in 2024, the festival has expanded in scale and duration.<br /> <br /> Third edition is scheduled to take place from 16 to 25 January 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nagaraju |first=Mahima |date=2026-01-13 |title=Capturing a city and its culture: BLR Hubba to kick off on Jan 16 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2026/Jan/13/capturing-a-city-and-its-culture-blr-hubba-to-kick-off-on-jan-16 |access-date=2026-01-21 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> BLR Hubba was initiated by the UnboxingBLR Foundation as a platform to showcase Bengaluru's arts and cultural practices while encouraging public participation in the city's creative spaces. The festival was developed with an emphasis on decentralizing cultural programming by hosting events across multiple neighborhoods rather than at a single centralized venue.<br /> <br /> Over successive editions, BLR Hubba broadened its scope to include additional artistic disciplines and formats, such as curated walks, thematic programs, and sub-festivals. The festival has featured a mix of local practitioners and participants from outside Bengaluru, and, in some cases, from international contexts.<br /> <br /> == Editions ==<br /> <br /> === First edition ===<br /> The inaugural edition of BLR Hubba was held in 2024 as a multi-venue cultural festival across Bengaluru. Programming included performances and exhibitions in music, dance, theatre, and visual arts. Events were organized at various locations within the city, with an emphasis on accessibility and public engagement. Organizer estimates indicated substantial public attendance during the festival period.<br /> <br /> === Second edition ===<br /> The second edition expanded the festival's programming and geographic reach within Bengaluru. Additional art forms, collaborative events, and non-traditional venues were incorporated into the schedule. According to reports, the second edition experienced increased attendance compared to the inaugural year, reflecting growing public interest in the festival.<br /> <br /> === Third edition ===<br /> [[File:BLR Hubba 2026 logo.jpg|thumb|Logo of 3rd Edition BLR Hubba 2026]]<br /> The third edition of BLR Hubba is scheduled to take place from 16 to 25 January 2026. It is planned as a multi-day festival featuring over 350 events across multiple venues in the city.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; The edition is expected to include thematic sub festivals focused on areas such as children's programming, food culture, and future oriented discussions.<br /> <br /> Organizers have stated that the third edition will involve participation by a large number of artists and speakers, including contributors from outside India. The festival is planned to continue its emphasis on public spaces, neighborhood-level events, and participatory cultural experiences.<br /> <br /> == Venues ==<br /> BLR Hubba events are held at various locations across the city. Key venues include [[Freedom Park, Bengaluru|Freedom Park]], the Bangalore International Centre, the [[National Gallery of Modern Art, Bengaluru|National Gallery of Modern Art (NGMA)]], Sabha, [[The Indian Institute of World Culture|IIWC]], Panchavti as well as public streets and metro stations.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Kadalekai Parishe]], annual groundnut fair in Basavanagudi and Malleshwaram of Bangalore<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;references /&gt;<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> {{commons category|Bengaluru Habba}}<br /> * [https://blrhubba.in/ Official website]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Annual events in India]]<br /> [[Category:Festivals established in 2024]]<br /> [[Category:2024 establishments in India]]<br /> [[Category:Festivals in Karnataka]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aster_Medcity&diff=488133 2026-01-31T06:33:41Z

<p>Singh142536: Creating New Place</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox hospital<br /> | name = Aster Medcity<br /> | org_group = [[Aster DM Healthcare]]<br /> | image = Aster Medcity Hospital Entrance.jpg<br /> | caption = Hospital complex<br /> | logo = Aster_Medcity_Logo.png<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|10|02|36|N|76|16|41|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | location = [[Cheranallur]], [[Kochi]]<br /> | state = [[Kerala]]<br /> | country = India<br /> | healthcare = [[Quaternary]]<br /> | type = <br /> | speciality = <br /> | emergency = Yes<br /> | affiliation = <br /> | beds = {{URL|https://www.asterhospitals.in/hospitals/aster-medcity-kochi|800}}<br /> | founded = 6 May 2015<br /> | closed = &lt;!-- optional --&gt;<br /> | website = {{URL|https://www.asterhospitals.in/hospitals/aster-medcity-kochi|Official Website}}<br /> | other_links = &lt;!-- optional --&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Aster Medcity''' is a [[quaternary care]] healthcare centre in the city of [[Kochi]] and one of the largest in [[South India]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Aster Medcity Hospital in Kochi – in pictures&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/business/aster-medcity-hospital-in-kochi-in-pictures-1.115040 | title=Aster Medcity Hospital in Kochi – in pictures | publisher=The National | date=2015 | access-date=4 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is the flagship hospital of [[Aster DM Healthcare]], a healthcare conglomerate founded by [[Azad Moopen]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Aster DM Healthcare&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=https://asterdmhealthcare.com/ | title=Aster DM Healthcare | publisher=Aster DM Healthcare | date=2015 | access-date=4 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; This was the third venture of the group in Kerala, after [[Aster MIMS]] and DM Wayanad Institute of Medical Sciences (DMWIMS).&lt;ref name=&quot;Kalam opens Aster Medcity in Kerala&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://gulftoday.ae/portal/f50e70b3-99fe-4573-bd22-5c59fec29f58.aspx |title=Kalam opens Aster Medcity in Kerala |publisher=Gulf Today |date=7 May 2015 |access-date=4 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705121753/http://gulftoday.ae/portal/f50e70b3-99fe-4573-bd22-5c59fec29f58.aspx |archive-date=5 July 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Overview==<br /> [[File:Aster Medcity Front lobby.jpg|left|thumb|Main Reception]]<br /> Aster Medcityis a {{INR}} 5.5 billion waterfront facility&lt;ref name=&quot;Medcity — A big relief for advanced stage patients&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/mobile/inside.asp?xfile=/data/international/2014/November/international_November202.xml&amp;section=international | title=Medcity — A big relief for advanced stage patients | publisher=Khaleej Times | date=10 November 2014 | access-date=4 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; located along Kutti Sahib Road in [[Cheranallur]], a [[suburb]] of [[Kochi]] and its 40-acre campus is situated on the banks of the [[Kerala backwaters|backwaters]] of Kochi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kalam opens Aster Medcity in Kerala&quot; /&gt; The hospital complex, designed by HKS Architects, has a built up space measuring a total of 62,710 square metres.&lt;ref name=&quot;HKS Architects&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.hksinc.com/places/dm-healthcare-aster-medcity/ | title=HKS Architects | publisher=HKS Architects | date=2015 | access-date=4 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; The hospital is 7&amp;nbsp;km from the city center and is accessible through the [[National Highway 66 (India)]]. [[Edappally railway station]] is 7.3&amp;nbsp;km away and the nearest airport is [[Kochi International Airport]], 24.7&amp;nbsp;km from the hospital by road. The distance to the [[National Highway 544]] is 7.9&amp;nbsp;km at [[Edappally Junction|Edappally bye-pass junction]] where [[Lulu International Shopping Mall, Kochi|Lulu Mall]], the largest shopping mall in the country, is located.<br /> <br /> The hospital has an in-patient capacity of 800 beds and has 24 hour emergency and accident trauma care facilities.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kalam opens Aster Medcity in Kerala&quot; /&gt; The hospital has been functioning since September 2014 after a soft launch but the official dedication ceremony was on 6 May 2015, when the institution was inaugurated by the former president of India, [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Kalam opens Aster Medcity in Kerala&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Facilities==<br /> [[File:Laproscopic Surgery Robot.jpg|left|thumb|[[da Vinci Surgical System]].]]<br /> The hospital has a general clinical division which includes internal medicine, general surgery, cilinical imaging, anesthesia and critical care, emergency, pulmonology, otorhynolaryngology, dermatology, craniomaxillofacial surgery, dental sciences, infectious diseases and infection control, psychiatry and nuclear medicine. It also has eight centres of excellence such as cardiac sciences, orthopedics, neurosciences, nephrology and urology, oncology, gastroenterology and hepatology, women's health and child and adolescent health, each staffed by independent medical teams composed of specialists, nursing and ancillary staff and technicians.&lt;ref name=&quot;Medcity — A big relief for advanced stage patients&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Aster Medcity has facility for Minimal Access Robotic Surgery (MARS) using [[da Vinci Surgical System]] and is reported to be the first hospital in Kerala to provide the service.&lt;ref name=&quot;Medcity — A big relief for advanced stage patients&quot; /&gt; The system employs telesurgical master-slave robotic system and the surgery is carried out using robotic arms instead of human hands.{{citation needed|date=December 2021}} The Diagnostics division is equipped with 3 Tesla Digital [[MRI Scanner]], 256 slice [[CT Scanner]], Digital [[Mammography]] system, The Dexa, Digital X-Ray, Time of Flight PET CT, Cath Lab Allura Clarity system, Flat panel Bi-plane Hybrid Cath Lab, Colour Doppler Systems electronic 4D Imaging and Ultrasound Machines with multi modal image fusion. The clinical laboratory which conducts biochemistry, haematology, bacteriology, mycology, BS Level 3 tuberculosis, serology, immunology, histopathology, neuropathology, renal pathology, pulmonary pathology, haematopathology, bone pathology and onco pathology tests, is integrated with the hospital information system. The hospital has an ambulance service, a pharmacy and a rehabilitation centre. A blood bank is also operational round the clock in the hospital<br /> <br /> ==Other services==<br /> Aster Medcity is linked to Aster Foundation, an independent charitable [[non governmental organization]], engaged in providing free medical assistance to financially compromised patients.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dr. Moopen's Foundation initiative helps Dubai-based Filipino boy get a new lease of life&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.godubai.com/citylife/print.asp?pr=91021 |title=Dr. Moopen's Foundation initiative helps Dubai-based Filipino boy get a new lease of life |publisher=GoDubai |date=2015 |access-date=4 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705180241/http://www.godubai.com/citylife/print.asp?pr=91021 |archive-date=5 July 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The hospital serves as a referral healthcare centre for patients from the [[Persian Gulf]] region. The group has opened help desks in Qatar&lt;ref name=&quot;Aster Medcity, south Asia’s largest quaternary care hospital, sets up a helpdesk in Qatar&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://ameinfo.com/finance-and-economy/economy/healthcare/aster-medcity-south-asias-largest-quaternary-care-hospital-sets-helpdesk-qatar/ | title=Aster Medcity, south Asia’s largest quaternary care hospital, sets up a helpdesk in Qatar | publisher=AME Info | date=2015 | access-date=4 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; and Oman&lt;ref name=&quot;Aster DM Healthcare to Start Helpdesks in Oman&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-367098294.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924154826/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-367098294.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=24 September 2015 | title=Aster DM Healthcare to Start Helpdesks in Oman | date=24 April 2014 | access-date=4 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; for this purpose.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{Div col|colwidth=30em}}<br /> * [[Malabar Institute of Medical Sciences]]<br /> * [[Aster DM Healthcare]]<br /> * [https://www.asterlabs.in/ Asterlabs]<br /> {{div col end}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{Commons category|Aster Medcity}}<br /> * {{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H3ZOOzCXI7M | title=Aster Medcity | publisher=Lensman Moviemakers | work=[[YouTube]] video | date=1 August 2014 | access-date=4 July 2015}}<br /> * {{cite web | url=http://kumganghealthcare.com/hospitals/dm-aster-in-cochin.html | title=DM Aster Hospital | publisher=K Healthcare | date=2015 | access-date=9 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127044518/http://kumganghealthcare.com/hospitals/dm-aster-in-cochin.html | archive-date=27 November 2015 | url-status=dead }}<br /> <br /> {{Health in Kerala |state=collapsed}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2015 establishments in Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:Hospitals in Kochi]]<br /> [[Category:Hospitals established in 2015]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Award_for_Best_Non-Feature_Film_on_Family_Welfare&diff=461693 2026-01-20T21:02:15Z

<p>Singh142536: update formatting as per guidelines</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian film award}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox award<br /> | name = Best Non-Feature Film on Family Welfare<br /> | image = <br /> | image_size = <br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | subheader = National award for contributions to short film<br /> | awarded_for = <br /> | sponsor = [[Directorate of Film Festivals]]<br /> | firstawarded = 1982<br /> | lastawarded = 2021<br /> | reward = {{ubl|Rajat Kamal (Silver Lotus)|{{INR|50,000}}}}<br /> | former name = <br /> | holder_label = Most recent winner<br /> | holder = ''Chand Saanse''<br /> | award1_type = Total awarded<br /> | award1_winner = 31<br /> | award2_type = First winner<br /> | award2_winner = ''Kal Aur Aaj''<br /> }}<br /> The '''National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film on Family Welfare''' was one of the [[National Film Awards]] presented annually by the [[Directorate of Film Festivals]], the organisation set up by [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, India]]. It was one of several awards presented for Non-Feature Films and awarded with 'Rajat Kamal' (Silver Lotus).<br /> <br /> The award was instituted in 1982, at [[30th National Film Awards]] and awarded annually for short films produced in the year across the country, in all Indian languages. It was discontinued from the [[70th National Film Awards]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Under Secretary to the Government of India |date=14 December 2023 |title=Report on Rationalization of Awards Conferred by the Ministry of Information &amp; Broadcasting {{!}} Ministry of Information and Broadcasting {{!}} Government of India |url=https://mib.gov.in/filmsdocuments/report-rationalization-awards-conferred-ministry-information-broadcasting |access-date=25 August 2024 |publisher=[[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Awards ==<br /> <br /> Award includes 'Rajat Kamal' (Silver Lotus Award) and cash prize. Cash prize amount varied over the period. Following table illustrates the cash prize amount over the years:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:80%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#EFE4B0;&quot;| Year (Period)<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#EFE4B0;&quot;| Cash prize<br /> |-<br /> | 1982&amp;nbsp;–2005<br /> | Producer and Director: Rajat Kamal and {{INRConvert|10|k}} Each<br /> |-<br /> | 2006–2021<br /> | Producer and Director: Rajat Kamal and {{INRConvert|50|k}} Each<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Winners ===<br /> Following are the award winners over the years:<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%&quot;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#EBEBE0&quot; width=30| ||Indicates a joint award for that year<br /> |}<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot; style=&quot;width:100%&quot;<br /> ! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | List of films, showing the year, language(s), producer(s) and director(s)<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#EFE4B0;width:7%;&quot;| Year<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#EFE4B0;width:20%;&quot;| Film(s)<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#EFE4B0;width:10%;&quot;| Language(s)<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#EFE4B0;width:20%;&quot;| Producer(s)<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#EFE4B0;width:20%;&quot;| Director(s)<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#EFE4B0;width:3%;&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |{{Tooltip|Refs.|Reference}}<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[30th National Film Awards|1982&lt;br&gt;{{small|(30th)}}]]<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Kal Aur Aaj''<br /> | Hindi<br /> | Vimala Swaminathan<br /> | Vimala Swaminathan<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;30thawardPDF&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/87_30thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=30th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[31st National Film Awards|1983&lt;br&gt;{{small|(31st)}}]]<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F5A9A9&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | No Award<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;31stawardPDF&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/86_31stNfacatalogue.pdf|title=31st National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |- style=&quot;background-color:#EBEBE0&quot;<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[32nd National Film Awards|1984&lt;br&gt;{{small|(32nd)}}]]<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#E0E0D1&quot; | ''Sweekar''<br /> | Hindi<br /> | Bal Mehta<br /> | Vishram Revankar<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;32ndawardPDF&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/85_32ndNfacatalogue.pdf|title=32nd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |- style=&quot;background-color:#EBEBE0&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#E0E0D1&quot; | ''Geeli Meetti''<br /> | Hindi<br /> | Women and Social Welfare Ministry<br /> | [[Sanjay Kak]]<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[33rd National Film Awards|1985&lt;br&gt;{{small|(33rd)}}]]<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Bai''<br /> | Marathi<br /> | {{•}}Streevani&lt;br/&gt;{{•}}Ishvani<br /> | [[Sumitra Bhave–Sunil Sukthankar|Sumitra Bhave]]<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;33rdawardPDF&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/84_33rdNfacatalogue.pdf|title=33rd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[34th National Film Awards|1986&lt;br&gt;{{small|(34th)}}]]<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F5A9A9&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | No Award<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;34thawardPDF&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/83_34thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=34th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[35th National Film Awards|1987&lt;br&gt;{{small|(35th)}}]]<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F5A9A9&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | No Award<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;35thawardPDF&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/82_35thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=35th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |- style=&quot;background-color:#EBEBE0&quot;<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[36th National Film Awards|1988&lt;br&gt;{{small|(36th)}}]]<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#E0E0D1&quot; | ''Lacchmi''<br /> | Hindi<br /> | K. K. Garg for Films Division<br /> | Om Prakash Sharma<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;36thawardPDF&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/81_36thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=36th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |- style=&quot;background-color:#EBEBE0&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#E0E0D1&quot; | ''Nirnay ''<br /> | Hindi<br /> | B. R. Shedge for Films Division<br /> | R. R. Swamy<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[37th National Film Awards|1989&lt;br&gt;{{small|(37th)}}]]<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Boy or Girl&amp;nbsp;— How?''<br /> | Hindi<br /> | B. R. Shendge<br /> | R. R. Swamy<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;37thawardPDF&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/80_37thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=37th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[38th National Film Awards|1990&lt;br&gt;{{small|(38th)}}]]<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F5A9A9&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | No Award<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;38thawardPDF&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/79_38thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=38th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[39th National Film Awards|1991&lt;br&gt;{{small|(39th)}}]]<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''A Matter of Motherhood''<br /> | English<br /> | [[Rajiv Mehrotra]]<br /> | [[Rajiv Mehrotra]]<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;39thawardPDF&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/78_39ndNfacatalogue.pdf|title=39th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[40th National Film Awards|1992&lt;br&gt;{{small|(40th)}}]]<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Suno Bahu Rani''<br /> | Hindi<br /> | Om Prakash Sharma for Films Division<br /> | K. K. Kapil<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;40thawardPDF&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/77_40thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=40th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[41st National Film Awards|1993&lt;br&gt;{{small|(41st)}}]]<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Taveez''<br /> | Hindi<br /> | Rajeev Mohan for Films Division<br /> | Purushottam Berde for Films Division<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;41stawardPDF&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/76_41stNfacatalogue.pdf|title=41st National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[42nd National Film Awards|1994&lt;br&gt;{{small|(42nd)}}]]<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Clint''<br /> | {{•}}Malayalam&lt;br/&gt;{{•}}English<br /> | Shiva Kumar<br /> | Shiva Kumar<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;42ndawardPDF&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/75_42ndNfacatalogue.pdf|title=42nd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[43rd National Film Awards|1995&lt;br&gt;{{small|(43rd)}}]]<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Soch Samajh Ke ''<br /> | Hindi<br /> | {{•}}Shanta Gokhle&lt;br/&gt;{{•}}Arun Khopkar<br /> | Arun Khopkar<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;43rdawardPDF&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/74_43rdNfacatalogue.pdf|title=43rd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[44th National Film Awards|1996&lt;br&gt;{{small|(44th)}}]]<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Bhit ''<br /> | Bengali<br /> | {{•}}[[Films Division of India|Films Division]]&lt;br/&gt;{{•}}K. R. G. Films<br /> | Glbahar Singh<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;44thawardPDF&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/73_44thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=44th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |- style=&quot;background-color:#EBEBE0&quot;<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[45th National Film Awards|1997&lt;br&gt;{{small|(45th)}}]]<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#E0E0D1&quot; | ''The Saviour ''<br /> | Hindi<br /> | Shaila Paralkar<br /> | Shaila Paralkar<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;45thawardPDF&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/72_45thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=45th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |- style=&quot;background-color:#EBEBE0&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#E0E0D1&quot; | ''Banglar Baul ''<br /> | Bengali<br /> | Yash Chaudhary<br /> | K. G. Das<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[46th National Film Awards|1998&lt;br&gt;{{small|(46th)}}]]<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''N. M. No. 367&amp;nbsp;– Sentence of Silence ''<br /> | English<br /> | Y. N. Engineer for Films Division<br /> | [[:en:Joshy_Joseph|Joshy Joseph]] for Films Division<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;46thawardPDF&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/71_46thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=46th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[47th National Film Awards|1999&lt;br&gt;{{small|(47th)}}]]<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F5A9A9&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | No Award<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;47thawardPDF&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/70_47thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=47th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |- style=&quot;background-color:#EBEBE0&quot;<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[48th National Film Awards|2000&lt;br&gt;{{small|(48th)}}]]<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#E0E0D1&quot;| ''Akkareninnu''<br /> | Malayalam<br /> | {{•}}T. Sunil Kumar&lt;br/&gt;{{•}}Susmitham&lt;br/&gt;{{•}}Pallimalkunnu<br /> | {{•}}T. Sunil Kumar&lt;br/&gt;{{•}}Susmitham&lt;br/&gt;{{•}}Pallimalkunnu<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;48thawardPDF&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/69_48thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=48th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |- style=&quot;background-color:#EBEBE0&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#E0E0D1&quot;| ''Mahananda''<br /> | Bengali<br /> | [[Films Division of India|Films Division]]<br /> | Madhuchhanda Sengupta<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[49th National Film Awards|2001&lt;br&gt;{{small|(49th)}}]]<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Sayante Thinte Padavukal''<br /> | Malayalam<br /> | Ratheesh Ramayya<br /> | Satheesh Venganoor<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;49thawardPDF&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/68_49thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=49th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[50th National Film Awards|2002&lt;br&gt;{{small|(50th)}}]]<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Dhatri Panna''<br /> | Hindi<br /> | {{•}}[[Films Division of India|Films Division]]&lt;br/&gt;{{•}}[[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (India)|Ministry of Health and Family Welfare]]<br /> | [[Gul Bahar Singh]]<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;50thawardPDF&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/67_50thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=50th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[51st National Film Awards|2003&lt;br&gt;{{small|(51st)}}]]<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F5A9A9&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | No Award<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;51stawardPDF&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/66_51stNfacatalogue.pdf|title=51st National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[52nd National Film Awards|2004&lt;br&gt;{{small|(52nd)}}]]<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Saanjh''<br /> | Hindi<br /> | Tripurari Sharan for [[Film and Television Institute of India]]<br /> | Jasmine Kaur<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;52ndawardPDF&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/50_52thNfacatalogue%20-%20.pdf|title=52nd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[53rd National Film Awards|2005&lt;br&gt;{{small|(53rd)}}]]<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F5A9A9&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | No Award<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;53rdawardPDF&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/49_53Nfacatalogue-%20.pdf|title=53rd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[54th National Film Awards|2006&lt;br&gt;{{small|(54th)}}]]<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F5A9A9&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | No Award<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;54thawardPDF&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/48_54sthNfaArchives.pdf|title=54th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[55th National Film Awards|2007&lt;br&gt;{{small|(55th)}}]]<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Making The Face''<br /> | English<br /> | Public Service Broadcasting Trust<br /> | Suvendu Chatterjee<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;55thawardPDF&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/47_55Nfacatalogue-%20.pdf|title=55th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[56th National Film Awards|2008&lt;br&gt;{{small|(56th)}}]]<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Appuvin Nayagan&amp;nbsp;– Spotty (My Hero)''<br /> | Tamil<br /> | A.V. Anoop<br /> | Madhavan<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;56thawardPDF&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/46_56thNfacatalogue%20-%20.pdf|title=56th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[57th National Film Awards|2009&lt;br&gt;{{small|(57th)}}]]<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F5A9A9&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | No Award<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;57thawardPDF&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/45_57thNfacatalogue%20-%20.pdf|title=57th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[58th National Film Awards|2010&lt;br&gt;{{small|(58th)}}]]<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Love in India''<br /> | {{•}}Bengali&lt;br/&gt;{{•}}English<br /> | Overdose<br /> | [[Qaushiq Mukherjee|Kaushik Mukherjee]]<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;58thawardPDF&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/44_58thNfacatalogue%20-%20.pdf|title=58th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[59th National Film Awards|2011&lt;br&gt;{{small|(59th)}}]]<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Red Building where the Sun Sets''<br /> | English<br /> | {{•}}Syed Sultan Ahmed&lt;br/&gt;{{•}}Tabassum Modi<br /> | [[Revathi]]<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;59thaward&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/release/rel_print_page.asp?relid=80734|title=59th National Film Awards for the Year 2011 Announced|publisher=Press Information Bureau (PIB), India|access-date=7 March 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot;| [[60th National Film Awards|2012&lt;br&gt;{{small|(60th)}}]]<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''After Glow''<br /> | {{•}}English&lt;br/&gt;{{•}}[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]<br /> | [[Film and Television Institute of India|FTII]]<br /> | Kaushal Oza<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;60thaward&quot;&gt;{{cite press_release|title=60th National Film Awards Announced|url=http://pib.nic.in/archieve/others/2013/mar/d2013031801.pdf|publisher=Press Information Bureau (PIB), India|access-date=17 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot;| [[61st National Film Awards|2013&lt;br&gt;{{small|(61st)}}]]<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Heyro Party''<br /> | Bengali<br /> | {{•}}Baishakhi Banerjee&lt;br/&gt;{{•}}Deepak Gawade<br /> | Deepak Gawade<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;61staward&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=61st National Film Awards|url=http://www.dff.nic.in/List%20of%20Awards.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|date=16 April 2014|access-date=16 April 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416181218/http://www.dff.nic.in/List%20of%20Awards.pdf|archive-date=16 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[62nd National Film Awards|2014&lt;br&gt;{{small|(62nd)}}]]<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Towards the Silver Lining''<br /> | English<br /> | [[Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute]]<br /> | Bhabani Tamuli<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;62ndaward&quot;&gt;{{cite press_release|title=62nd National Film Awards|url=http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/62nd%20National%20Film%20Awards%202014%20-%20Press%20Release.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|date=24 March 2015|access-date=24 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot;| [[63rd National Film Awards|2015&lt;br&gt;{{small|(63rd)}}]]<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Best Friends Forever''<br /> | English<br /> | Syed Sultan Ahmed (Edumedia India)<br /> | Sandeep Modi<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;63rdaward&quot;&gt;{{cite press_release|title=63rd National Film Awards|url=http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/Winners_of_63rd_NFA_2015.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|date=28 March 2016|access-date=28 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot;| [[64th National Film Awards|2016&lt;br&gt;{{small|(64th)}}]]<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Little Magician''<br /> | English<br /> | Syed Sultan Ahmed<br /> | Neha Sharma<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;64thaward&quot;&gt;{{cite press_release|title=64th National Film Awards|url=http://www.dff.nic.in/writereaddata/NFA64PressNote2016.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=7 April 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606051143/http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/NFA64PressNote2016.pdf|archive-date=6 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[65th National Film Awards|2017&lt;br&gt;{{small|(65th)}}]]<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Happy Birthday''<br /> | <br /> | [[Film and Television Institute of India|FTII]]<br /> | Medhpranav Babasaheb Powar<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[66th National Film Awards|2018&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(66th)}}]]<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Chalo Jeete Hain]]''<br /> |<br /> | Sundial Ventures Pvt. Ltd.<br /> | Mangesh Hadavale<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=66th National Film Awards for 2018 announced |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=192564 |accessdate=5 October 2024 |website=pib.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[67th National Film Awards|2019&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(67th)}}]]<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Oru Paathiraa Swapnam Pole]]''<br /> | Malayalam<br /> | [[Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute]]<br /> | Sharan Venugopal<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 March 2021 |title=67th National Film Awards announced |url=https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1706663 |access-date=9 October 2024 |website=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[68th National Film Awards|2020&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(68th)}}]]<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Kumkumarchan (Worship of the Goddess)''<br /> | Marathi<br /> | Studio Filmy Monks<br /> | Abhijeet Arvind Dalvi<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 July 2022 |title=68th National Film Awards announced |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1843932 |access-date=7 February 2025 |website=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[69th National Film Awards|2021&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(69th)}}]]<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Chand Saanse''<br /> | Hindi<br /> | [[Chandrakant Kulkarni]]<br /> | Pratima Joshi<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 August 2023 |title=69th National Film Awards for the year 2021 announced |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1951758 |access-date=9 October 2024 |website=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * [http://dff.nic.in Official Page for Directorate of Film Festivals, India]<br /> * [http://dff.nic.in/NFA_archive.asp National Film Awards Archives]<br /> <br /> {{National Film Awards}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:National Film Award For Best Non-Feature Film on Family Welfare}}<br /> [[Category:National Film Awards (India)|Family Welfare Film]]<br /> [[Category:Indian documentary film awards]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sitamarhi_Lok_Sabha_constituency&diff=536250 2026-01-19T06:23:19Z

<p>Singh142536: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Indian parliament in Bihar}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | type = LS<br /> | name = Sitamarhi<br /> | state = [[Bihar]]<br /> | map_image = <br /> | map_caption = <br /> | established = 1957<br /> | reservation = None<br /> | incumbent_image = Devesh chandra thakur.jpg<br /> | mp = [[Devesh Chandra Thakur]]<br /> | party = {{Party index link|Janata Dal (United)}}<br /> |alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]<br /> |assembly_cons = [[Bathnaha (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bathnaha]]&lt;br&gt;[[Parihar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Parihar]]&lt;br&gt;[[Sursand (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sursand]]&lt;br&gt;[[Bajpatti (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bajpatti]]&lt;br&gt;[[Sitamarhi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sitamarhi]]&lt;br&gt;[[Runnisaidpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Runnisaidpur]]<br /> }}<br /> '''Sitamarhi''' is one of the 40 [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in [[Bihar]] state in eastern [[India]].<br /> <br /> ==Assembly segments==<br /> Presently, Sitamarhi Lok Sabha constituency comprises the following six<br /> [[Vidhan Sabha]] segments:<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !#<br /> !Name<br /> !District<br /> !Member<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;| Party<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;| 2024 lead<br /> |-<br /> |24<br /> |[[Bathnaha (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bathnaha]] (SC)<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot;| [[Sitamarhi district|Sitamarhi]]<br /> |[[Anil Kumar (born 1987)|Anil Ram]]<br /> |{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |{{party name with color|Janata Dal (United)}}<br /> |-<br /> |25<br /> |[[Parihar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Parihar]]<br /> |[[Gayatri Devi (Bihar politician)|Gayatri Yadav]]<br /> |{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}<br /> |-<br /> |26<br /> |[[Sursand (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sursand]]<br /> |[[Nagendra Raut]]<br /> |{{party name with color|Janata Dal (United)}}<br /> |{{party name with color|Janata Dal (United)|rowspan=4}}<br /> |-<br /> |27<br /> |[[Bajpatti (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bajpatti]]<br /> |[[Rameshwar Mahto]]<br /> |{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Lok Morcha}}<br /> |-<br /> |28<br /> |[[Sitamarhi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sitamarhi]]<br /> |[[Sunil Kumar Pintu]]<br /> |{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |29<br /> |[[Runnisaidpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Runnisaidpur]]<br /> |[[Pankaj Kumar Mishra|Pankaj Mishra]]<br /> |{{party name with color|Janata Dal (United)}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Members of Parliament==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !Year<br /> !Name<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Party<br /> |-<br /> |[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]<br /> |[[J. B. Kripalani]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Nagendra Prasad Yadav]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]<br /> |[[Shyam Sunder Das]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]<br /> |[[Bali Ram Bhagat]]<br /> |style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (Urs)}} |<br /> |[[Indian National Congress (U)]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]<br /> |Ram Shreshth Khirhar<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]<br /> |[[Hukumdeo Narayan Yadav]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Nawal Kishore Rai]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]<br /> |[[Sitaram Yadav (politician, born 1946)|Sitaram Yadav]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]<br /> |[[Nawal Kishore Rai]]<br /> |style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal (United)}} |<br /> |[[Janata Dal (United)]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]<br /> |[[Sitaram Yadav (politician, born 1946)|Sitaram Yadav]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]<br /> |[[Arjun Ray (MP)|Arjun Ray]]<br /> |style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal (United)}} |<br /> |[[Janata Dal (United)]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]<br /> |[[Ram Kumar Sharma]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Lok Samata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]<br /> |[[Sunil Kumar Pintu]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (United)|dab=yes|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]<br /> |[[Devesh Chandra Thakur]]<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> <br /> === 2024 ===<br /> {{Election box begin <br /> | title=[[2024 Indian general elections]]: [[Sitamarhi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Sitamarhi&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Sitamarhi |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/ConstituencywiseS045.htm |access-date=13 July 2024 |date=5 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240713123703/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/ConstituencywiseS045.htm |archive-date=13 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> <br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Janata Dal (United)<br /> |candidate = [[Devesh Chandra Thakur]]<br /> |votes = 5,15,719<br /> |percentage = 47.14<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Rashtriya Janata Dal|candidate=[[Arjun Ray (MP)|Arjun Ray]]|votes=4,64,363|percentage=42.45|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate|<br /> |party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]<br /> |candidate = Saiqua Nawaz Azmat<br /> |votes = 28,912<br /> |percentage = 2.64<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate|<br /> |party = [[None of the above (India)|NOTA]]<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above (India)|NOTA]]<br /> |votes = 32,133<br /> |percentage = 2.94<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority||votes=51,356|percentage=4.69|change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout||votes=10,96,960|percentage=56.25|change=}}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Janata Dal (United)<br /> |swing =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2019===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: Sitamarhi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.business-standard.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019/bihar/sitamarhi-election-results-18_1704.html|title=Sitamarhi Lok Sabha Election Results 2019: Sitamarhi Election Result 2019 &amp;#124; Sitamarhi Winning MP &amp; Party &amp;#124; Sitamarhi Lok Sabha Seat}}&lt;/ref&gt; }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Janata Dal (United)<br /> |candidate = Sunil Kumar Pintu <br /> |votes = 5,67,745<br /> |percentage = 54.65<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Rashtriya Janata Dal<br /> |candidate = [[Arjun Ray (MP)|Arjun Ray]]<br /> |votes = 3,17,206<br /> |percentage = 30.53<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate|<br /> |party =[[Independent (politician)|IND.]]<br /> |candidate =Dharmendra Kumar<br /> |votes = 20,487<br /> |percentage = 1.97<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate|<br /> |party =[[Independent (politician)|IND.]]<br /> |candidate =Vinod Sah<br /> |votes = 17,724<br /> |percentage = 1.71<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate|<br /> |party =[[Independent (politician)|IND.]]<br /> |candidate =Mahesh Nandan Singh<br /> |votes = 17,270<br /> |percentage = 1.66<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate|<br /> |party =[[Independent (politician)|IND.]]<br /> |candidate =Ramesh Kumar Mishra<br /> |votes = 11,056<br /> |percentage = 1.06<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes =2,50,539<br /> |percentage =24.12<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes =10,39,600<br /> |percentage = 59.32<br /> |change =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Janata Dal (United)<br /> |loser = Rashtriya Lok Samata Party<br /> |swing =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2014===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: Sitamarhi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2014/33%20-%20Constituency%20wise%20detailed%20result.pdf | title=General Election of India 2014, Constituencywise detail result|publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=2015-09-21 |page=47}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Rashtriya Lok Samata Party<br /> |candidate = [[Ram Kumar Sharma]]<br /> |votes = 4,11,265<br /> |percentage = 45.67<br /> |change = +45.67<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Rashtriya Janata Dal<br /> |candidate = Sitaram Yadav<br /> |votes = 2,63,300<br /> |percentage = 29.24<br /> |change = +8.64<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Janata Dal (United)<br /> |candidate =[[Arjun Ray (MP)|Arjun Ray]]<br /> |votes = 97,188<br /> |percentage = 10.79<br /> |change = -29.57<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate|<br /> |party =[[Independent (politician)|IND.]]<br /> |candidate =Mahesh Nandan Singh<br /> |votes = 20,613<br /> |percentage = 2.29<br /> |change = +2.29<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Aam Aadmi Party <br /> |candidate = Kishori Das<br /> |votes = 18,043<br /> |percentage = 2.00<br /> |change = +2.00<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party =All India Trinamool Congress <br /> |candidate = Rajeev Ranjan<br /> |votes = 11,250<br /> |percentage = 1.25<br /> |change = +1.25<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes =1,47,965<br /> |percentage =16.43<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 9,00,588<br /> |percentage = 57.18<br /> |change =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Rashtriya Lok Samata Party<br /> |loser = Janata Dal (United)<br /> |swing =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}&lt;ref name=&quot;election1957&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=General Election, 1957 (Vol I, II) |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4112-general-election-1957-vol-i-ii/ |access-date=31 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;election1962&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=General Election, 1962 (Vol I, II) |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4113-general-election-1962-vol-i-ii/ |access-date=31 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;election1967&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=General Election, 1967 (Vol I, II) |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4114-general-election-1967-vol-i-ii/ |access-date=31 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;election1971&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=General Election, 1971 (Vol I, II) |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4115-general-election-1971-vol-i-ii/ |access-date=31 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;election1977&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=General Election, 1977 (Vol I, II) |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4116-general-election-1977-vol-i-ii/ |access-date=31 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;election1991&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=General Election, 1991 (Vol I, II) |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4121-general-election-1991-vol-i-ii/ |access-date=31 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;election1998&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=General Election, 1998 (Vol I, II) |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4124-general-election-1998-vol-i-ii/ |access-date=3 May 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;election1999&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=General Election, 1999 (Vol I, II, III) |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4125-general-election-1999-vol-i-ii-iii/ |access-date=31 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;election2004&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=General Election 2004 |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/4126-general-election-2004-vol-i-ii-iii/ |access-date=22 October 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;election2009&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=General Election 2009 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/98-general-election-2009/ |access-date=22 October 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Sitamarhi district]]<br /> * [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}<br /> <br /> {{Lok Sabha constituencies of Bihar|state=expanded}}<br /> {{Tirhut Division topics}}<br /> {{coord|26.6|85.5|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Bihar]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Sitamarhi district]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dendrelaphis_ashoki&diff=496132 2026-01-13T23:40:36Z

<p>Singh142536: starting the article initial version</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Species of snake}}<br /> {{Speciesbox<br /> | image = Dendrelaphis ashoki.jpg<br /> | image_caption =<br /> | status = LC<br /> | status_system = IUCN3.1<br /> | status_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;iucn status&quot;&gt;{{cite iucn |author=Srinivasulu, C. |author2=Srinivasulu, B. |author3=Deepak, V. |year=2013 |title=''Dendrelaphis ashoki'' |article-number=e.T196006A2441448 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T196006A2441448.en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | genus = Dendrelaphis<br /> | species = ashoki<br /> | authority = G. Vogel &amp; van Rooijen, 2011<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Dendrelaphis ashoki''''', '''Ashok's bronzeback tree snake''', is a [[species]] of snake in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Colubridae]]. The species is found in [[India]].&lt;ref name=RDB&gt;{{NRDB species|genus=Dendrelaphis|species=ashoki|accessdate=26 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Taxonbar|from=Q3022300}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Reptiles described in 2011]]<br /> [[Category:Dendrelaphis|ashoki]]<br /> [[Category:Snakes of Asia]]<br /> [[Category:Endemic reptiles of India]]<br /> {{Colubrid-stub}}</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Holkar_Science_College&diff=464390 2026-01-05T11:49:31Z

<p>Singh142536: adjust intro after review</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian science college in Madhya Pradesh}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2017}}<br /> {{primary sources|date=February 2016}}<br /> {{Infobox university<br /> | name = Government Model Autonomous Holkar Science College<br /> | native_name = <br /> | image_name = HSCIndorelogo.jpg<br /> | caption = <br /> | mottoeng = Lead me from Darkness to Light<br /> | type = [[Public university|Public]]<br /> | established = {{start date and age|1891}}<br /> | principal = Dr. Suresh Silawat<br /> | students = <br /> | faculty = <br /> | campus = [[Urban area|Urban]]<br /> | city = [[Indore]]<br /> | state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> | country = India<br /> | affiliations = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]<br /> | nickname = <br /> | colors = <br /> | website = {{url|https://collegeholkar.org}}<br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Holkar Science College''', officially '''Government Model Autonomous Holkar Science College''', also known as '''Holkar College''' is an institute in [[Indore]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]. It was established on 10 June 1891 by [[Shivajirao Holkar|His Highness Maharajadhiraja Raj Rajeshwar Sawai Shri Sir Shivaji Rao Holkar Bahadur XII]], the erstwhile ruler of [[Indore State|Indore]] belonging to the [[House of Holkar|Holkar]] dynasty of the [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]]. The biggest government science institute in the state, has been ranked third among government autonomous colleges in the country by Education World Rankings 2020-21.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Holkar Science College |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/indore/indore-ministers-to-inaugurate-new-facilities-in-holkar-college-tomorrow}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1985, the Government Holkar Science College, Indore was awarded the title of a Model College by the state Government of Madhya Pradesh and in the year 1988 the college earned the status of an autonomous college.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.mp.gov.in/highereducation/holkarpgc/|title=Govt. Holkar Science College|publisher=Madhya Pradesh Govt. Poratal|accessdate=13 October 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Holkar college.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Holkar Science College in 1964]]<br /> <br /> ==Campus==<br /> [[File:College Main Garden.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Front Garden, HSC]]<br /> Holkar College campus is located in the South area of East Indore. It is situated in an area between known as [[Bhanwar Kua]] which has a high concentration of cultural and academic institutions, including the [[Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya|Indore University]], [[Indore Museum|Central Museum]], [[Institute of Management Studies, Devi Ahilya University|Institute of Management Studies]], Cystal IT Park and the Kamla Nehru Zoological Park. The Holkar College HSC has multiple halls throughout the campus along [[Indore BRTS]] and various lectures for science students are conducted within these halls, some major buildings are including the Main Building, Red Building, Yeshwant Hall and Chemistry Block Building.<br /> <br /> ==Faculties and Departments==<br /> The College has [[Chemistry]], [[Mathematics]] and [[Physics]] departments. The institute receives funds from the state but is autonomous with regards to administration and conduct of examinations. The HSC offers a number of courses in the field of science. HSC's research and teaching is organised within a network of faculties and academic departments which includes:<br /> [[File:College Main Entrance.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Holkar Science College Main Entrance]]<br /> * [[Biochemistry|Department of Biochemistry]]<br /> * [[Bioinformatics|Department of Bioinformatics]]<br /> * [[Biotechnology|Department of Biotechnology &amp; Bioinformatics]]<br /> * [[Botany|Department of Botany]]<br /> * [[Chemistry|Department of Chemistry]]<br /> * [[Computer Science|Department of Computer Science]]<br /> The Department of Computer Science was established in academic year 2000–2001. It is an autonomous department under Govt. Holkar Science College affiliated DAVV, Indore.<br /> * [[Electronics|Department of Electronics]]<br /> * [[Entrepreneurship|Department of Entrepreneurship]]<br /> * [[Fisheries|Department of Fisheries]]<br /> * Department of forensic science<br /> * [[Geology|Department of Geology]]<br /> * [[Language|Department of Language]]<br /> * [[Mathematics|Department of Mathematics]]<br /> * [[Microbiology|Department of Microbiology]]<br /> * [[Pharmaceutical Chemistry|Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry]]<br /> * [[Physics|Department of Physics]]<br /> * Department of Seed Technology<br /> * [[Statistics|Department of Statistics]]<br /> * [[Zoology|Department of Zoology]]<br /> * Department of Cyber Security<br /> * Department of Economics<br /> <br /> Admission is restricted to students domicile to Madhya Pradesh.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.collegeholkar.org/|title=Govt Holkar Science College|publisher=GovtHolkar Science College|accessdate=13 October 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Alumni==<br /> *[[Narayan Prasad Shukla]]<br /> *[[Salim Khan]]<br /> *[[Businessman|Vipin Singh]]<br /> *[[Rajeeva Laxman Karandikar]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.collegeholkar.org Official website]<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Universities and colleges in Indore]]<br /> [[Category:Science and technology in Indore]]<br /> [[Category:Educational institutions established in 1891]]<br /> [[Category:1891 establishments in India]]<br /> [[Category:Buildings and structures in Indore]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2025_Indian_vice_presidential_election&diff=483398 2025-12-29T22:04:19Z

<p>Singh142536: Creating Post.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|none}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox election<br /> | election_name = 2025 Indian vice presidential election<br /> | country = India<br /> | type = Presidential<br /> | ongoing = no<br /> | turnout = 98.21% ({{increase}} 5.26%)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/india/vice-president-election-2025-live-updates-cp-radhakrishnan-faces-sudershan-reddy-in-vp-polls-today-liveblog-9558494.html|title=Vice President Election 2025 LIVE: 98.3 % Voter Turnout Recorded, Counting Begins|work=News18|accessdate=9 September 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | previous_election = 2022 Indian vice presidential election<br /> | previous_year = 2022<br /> | next_election = Next Indian vice presidential election<br /> | next_year = Next<br /> | election_date = 9 September 2025<br /> | image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Shri C P Radhakrishnan, Honourable Vice President of India.jpg|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=12|oRight=50|oTop=2}}<br /> | image1_upright = <br /> | nominee1 = '''[[C. P. Radhakrishnan]]'''<br /> | alliance1 = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]<br /> | party1 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br /> | color1 = {{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}<br /> | home_state1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> | electoral_vote1 = '''452'''<br /> | percentage1 = '''60.10%'''<br /> | image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=B. Sudarshan Reddy, former Judge of Supreme Court of India.png|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=2}}<br /> | image2_upright = <br /> | nominee2 = [[B. Sudershan Reddy]]<br /> | alliance2 = [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]<br /> | party2 = Independent <br /> | home_state2 = [[Telangana]]<br /> | electoral_vote2 = 300<br /> | percentage2 = 39.90%<br /> | color2 = <br /> | map_image = 2025 Indian Vice Presidential Election.svg<br /> | map_size = 300px<br /> | map_caption = Vice Presidential Election Results<br /> | title = [[Vice President of India|Vice President]]<br /> | before_election = [[Jagdeep Dhankhar]]<br /> | before_party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br /> | after_election = [[C. P. Radhakrishnan]]<br /> | after_party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br /> | seats_before1 = <br /> | seats_before2 = <br /> | 1blank = Swing<br /> | 1data1 = {{decrease}} 14.27%<br /> | 1data2 = {{increase}} 14.27%<br /> }}<br /> <br /> Early [[vice president of India|vice presidential]] elections were held in [[India]] on 9 September 2025 following the resignation of [[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] due to health concerns.&lt;ref name=date&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/politics/government/new-vice-president-by-august-end-election-process-begins-soon-sources/ar-AA1J7mSu?ocid=BingNewsSerp|title=New Vice President By August-End, Election Processs Begins|publisher=MSN|accessdate=23 July 2025|date=23 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Article 67 of the Constitution of India provides that the [[vice president of India]] shall remain in office for a period of five years.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2022-06-29 |title=Vice-Presidential poll on August 6 |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/election-for-vice-president-on-august-6-election-commission/article65579489.ece |access-date=2022-07-09 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; According to Clause 2 of Article 68 of the Constitution, an election to fill a vacancy in the office of the vice president occurring due to his death, resignation or removal, or otherwise shall be held &quot;as soon as possible&quot; from the date of the vacancy. This is the first early election for the office since [[1987 Indian vice presidential election|1987]]. <br /> <br /> At around 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]], [[returning officer]] [[Pramod Chandra Mody]] declared NDA candidate [[C. P. Radhakrishnan]] elected. He won by a margin of 152 votes, the narrowest in a vice presidential election since [[2002 Indian vice presidential election|2002]]. At least 15 opposition MP's had cross voted in favour of Radhakrishnan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/cross-voting-in-vp-election-radhakrishanans-victory-margin-puts-question-mark-on-oppositions-unity/articleshow/123769754.cms |title=Cross-voting in VP election? Radhakrishnan's victory margin puts question mark on opposition's unity |work=The Times of India |date=10 September 2025 |access-date=8 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Electoral system ==<br /> The [[Vice President of India|Vice President]] is elected by an electoral college which includes members of the [[Rajya Sabha]] and of the [[Lok Sabha]] using [[instant-runoff voting]]. The nominated members of the upper house are also eligible to vote in the election process. Voting is done by secret ballot.<br /> A candidate must be a citizen of India, at least 35 years of age, qualified for election to the [[Rajya Sabha]], and not hold any office of profit.<br /> <br /> == Election schedule ==<br /> <br /> Under sub-section (1) of Section (4) of the Presidential and Vice-Presidential Elections Act 1952, the schedule for the election of the [[Vice President of India]] is to be announced by the [[Election Commission of India]]; it did so on 1 August.&lt;ref name=date/&gt; Polling will take place in room number F-101, Vasudha, on the first floor of [[Parliament House, New Delhi]], on 9 September between 10 am and 5 pm.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Vice President election 2025: Election to pick next Vice President on September 9 after Dhankhar's surprise resignation | url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/election-to-pick-next-vice-president-on-september-9-after-dhankhars-resignation-3660703 |work= Deccan Herald |date= 1 August 2025 |access-date= 9 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !S.No. <br /> !Event<br /> !Date<br /> !Day<br /> |-<br /> !1.<br /> |Issue of Election Commission's notification calling the election<br /> |7 August 2025<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Thursday <br /> |-<br /> !2.<br /> |Last date for making nominations<br /> |21 August 2025<br /> |-<br /> !3.<br /> |Date for the scrutiny of nominations<br /> |22 August 2025<br /> |Friday <br /> |-<br /> !4.<br /> |Last date for the withdrawal of candidatures<br /> |25 August 2025<br /> |Monday <br /> |-<br /> !5.<br /> |Date on which a poll took place<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |9 September 2025<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tuesday <br /> |-<br /> !6.<br /> |Date on which counting took place<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Electoral college==<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| House<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}&quot; |<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;{{party color|Indian National Congress}}&quot; |<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;{{party color|Other}}&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> ![[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]<br /> ![[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]<br /> !Others<br /> |-<br /> ![[Lok Sabha]]<br /> |{{Composition bar|293|542|{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}<br /> |{{Composition bar|234|542|{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}<br /> |{{Composition bar|15|542|{{party color|Others}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}<br /> |-<br /> ![[Rajya Sabha]]<br /> |{{Composition bar|132|239|{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}<br /> |{{Composition bar|77|239|{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}<br /> |{{Composition bar|30|239|{{party color|Others}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}<br /> |-<br /> !Total<br /> |{{Composition bar|425|781|{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}<br /> |{{Composition bar|311|781|{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}<br /> |{{Composition bar|45|781|{{party color|Others}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Candidates ==<br /> === National Democratic Alliance ===<br /> <br /> {{main|Bharatiya Janata Party|National Democratic Alliance}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable mw-collapsible&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Born<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> ! colspan=2|Alliance<br /> ! Positions held<br /> ! Home state<br /> ! Date announced<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Ref<br /> |-<br /> |[[File:Shri C P Radhakrishnan, Honourable Vice President of India.jpg|125px]]&lt;br/&gt;[[C. P. Radhakrishnan]]<br /> |{{birth date and age|1957|10|20|df=y}}&lt;br&gt;[[Tiruppur]], [[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |{{Full party name with color|National Democratic Alliance}}<br /> |<br /> *[[List of governors of Maharashtra|Governor of Maharashtra]] (2024–2025)<br /> *[[List of governors of Jharkhand|Governor of Jharkhand]] (2023–2024)<br /> *[[List of governors of Telangana|Governor of Telangana]] ''(additional charge)'' (2024)<br /> *[[List of lieutenant governors of Puducherry|Lieutenant Governor of Puducherry]] ''(additional charge)'' (2024)<br /> *President of [[Bharatiya Janata Party – Tamil Nadu|Bharatiya Janata Party, Tamil Nadu]] (2003–2006)<br /> *[[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member]] of [[Lok Sabha]] from [[Coimbatore Lok Sabha constituency|Coimbatore]] (1998–2004)<br /> | [[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> | 17 August 2025<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-08-17 |title=CP Radhakrishnan, Maharashtra Governer is announced as VP candidate for upcoming VP Election|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bjp-announces-cp-radhakrishnan-as-candidate-for-vice-presidential-election-101755433099870.html|access-date=2025-08-17 |website= Hindustan Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance ===<br /> {{main|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable mw-collapsible&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Born<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> ! colspan=2|Alliance<br /> ! Positions held<br /> ! Home state<br /> ! Date announced<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Ref<br /> |-<br /> |[[File:B. Sudarshan Reddy, former Judge of Supreme Court of India.png|125px]]&lt;br/&gt;[[B. Sudershan Reddy]]<br /> |{{birth date and age|1946|7|8|df=y}}&lt;br&gt;[[Ranga Reddy district|Akula Mylaram]], [[Telangana]]<br /> |{{Party name with color|Independent}}<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}<br /> |<br /> *Judge of the [[Supreme Court of India]] (2007–2011)<br /> *Chief Justice of the [[Gauhati High Court]] (2005–2007)<br /> *Judge of the [[Andhra Pradesh High Court]] (1995–2005)<br /> | [[Telangana]]<br /> | 19 August 2025<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Results ==<br /> <br /> {{election table|title=Results of the Indian vice-presidential election, 2025|sortable=yes}}<br /> |- align=center<br /> !style=&quot;background-color:#E9E9E9&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|&lt;!-- color --&gt;<br /> !style=&quot;background-color:#E9E9E9&quot; align=center|Candidate&lt;br /&gt;<br /> !style=&quot;background-color:#E9E9E9&quot; |Party&lt;br /&gt;<br /> !style=&quot;background-color:#E9E9E9&quot; |Electoral Votes&lt;br /&gt;<br /> !style=&quot;background-color:#E9E9E9&quot; |% <br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|'''[[C. P. Radhakrishnan]]'''||align=&quot;left&quot;|'''[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] ([[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]])'''||'''452'''||'''60.10%'''<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Independent}}<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|[[B. Sudershan Reddy]]||align=&quot;left&quot;|[[Independent politician|Independent]] ([[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]])||300||39.90%<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:#e9e9e9;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| Total<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|752<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|100.00<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:#e9e9e9;&quot;| <br /> |-<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|Valid Votes||752||98.04%<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|Invalid Votes||15||1.96%<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|Turnout||767||98.21%<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|Abstentions||14||1.79%<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|Electors||781|| style=&quot;background:#e9e9e9;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> * [[Vice President of India]]<br /> * [[2025 elections in India]]<br /> * [[List of Indian vice presidential elections]]<br /> * [[List of vice presidents of India]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Indian vice presidential elections}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2025 elections in India| ]]<br /> [[Category:Vice-presidential elections in India]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abha_Parmar&diff=472623 2025-12-28T15:16:56Z

<p>Singh142536: improve details and updated info</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian TV actress}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Abha Parmar<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | other names = <br /> | birth_date = <br /> | birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India<br /> | birth_name = <br /> | children = 2<br /> | occupation = Actress<br /> }}<br /> '''Abha Parmar''' is an Indian actress. She is known for her role in the soap opera ''[[Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon?]]'', ''[[Neeli Chhatri Wale]]'' and ''[[Yeh Un Dinon Ki Baat Hai]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Abha-Parmar-to-enter-Zee-TVs-Neeli-Chatri-Wale/articleshow/45805803.cms |title=Abha Parmar enter Zee Tv Show |work=[[The Times of India]]|date=8 January 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/abha-parmar-to-enter-neeli-chatri-waale/ |title=Abha Parmar enters in new show|date=9 January 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and Parmar has contributed to Hindi dubbing for international animated features, voicing characters in Disney's The Lion King (1994) and Finding Nemo (2003).<br /> <br /> == Television ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year !! Show!! Role<br /> |-<br /> | 2025<br /> |''[[Pati Brahmachari ]]''<br /> |Sarla<br /> |-<br /> |-<br /> | 2022<br /> |''[[Kabhi Kabhie Ittefaq Sey]]''<br /> |Cameo as Neighbor in episode 1<br /> |-<br /> | 2021–2023 <br /> |''[[Meet: Badlegi Duniya Ki Reet]]'' <br /> | Mrs. Hooda &quot;Dadi&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |2021 ||''[[Ishk Par Zor Nahi]]''|| Durga Devi Malhotra <br /> |-<br /> |2020||''[[Gudiya Hamari Sabhi Pe Bhari]]'' || PutliBai <br /> |-<br /> |2018||''[[Dil Se Dil Tak]]'' ||Mrs. Khan<br /> |-<br /> |2017-2019 ||''[[Yeh Un Dinon Ki Baat Hai]]''||Beena Aggarwal (Taiji)<br /> |-<br /> |2017||''[[Kya Hal, Mister Panchal]]'' ||Balwanti<br /> |-<br /> |2017||''[[Ek Tha Raja Ek Thi Rani]]''||Seema Biswas<br /> |-<br /> |2016||''[[Humko Tumse Ho Gaya Hai Pyaar Kya Karein]]''||Gomti Dadi<br /> |-<br /> |2015||''[[Tere Shahar Mein]]''||Rumzum Gupta<br /> |-<br /> |2014||''[[Neeli Chhatri Wale]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/abha-parmar-to-enter-neeli-chatri-waale-19831.html |title=Abha Parmar enter in Neeli Chhatri|date=9 January 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;''||Bua <br /> |-<br /> |2013||''[[Punar Vivah - Ek Nayi Umeed]]''||Dadi <br /> |-<br /> |2011–2012||''[[Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon?]]''||Madhumati Gupta <br /> |-<br /> |2007–2009||[[Naaginn (2007 TV series)|''Naaginn'']]||Naagin's Bua<br /> |-<br /> |2005||''Sabse Bada Rupaiya''|| Multiple Roles <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Films==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year !! Movie !!Role!!Director<br /> |-<br /> |2018 ||''[[Sui Dhaaga]]''|| Yogesh's Mother&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Abha Parmar Part Of Varun Dhawan And Anushka Sharma-Starrer Sui Dhaaga |date=16 August 2018 |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/abha-parmar-part-of-varun-dhawan-and-anushka-sharma-starrer-sui-dhaaga/19709194}}&lt;/ref&gt;||[[Sharat Katariya]]<br /> |-<br /> |2013||''[[Special 26]]''|| Minister's Wife||[[Neeraj Pandey]]<br /> |-<br /> |2006 ||''Munna Pandey Berozgaar'' || ||Manish Jain<br /> |-<br /> |2005 ||''[[Ramji Londonwale]]'' ||Ramji's mother||Sanjay Dayma<br /> |-<br /> | 1989 || ''[[Main Azaad Hoon]]'' || Worker ||[[Tinnu Anand]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb name|3665336}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Parmar, Abha}}<br /> [[Category:Actresses from Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian television actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nilgiri_keelback&diff=522015 2025-12-18T04:06:00Z

<p>Singh142536: Made Post!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Species of snake}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}<br /> {{Speciesbox<br /> | name = Nilgiri keelback<br /> | image = Amphiesma beddomei head.jpg<br /> | status = LC<br /> | status_system = IUCN3.1<br /> | status_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;iucn status 11 November 2021&quot;&gt;{{cite iucn |author=Srinivasulu, C. |author2=Srinivasulu, B. |author3=Vijayakumar, S.P. |author4=Jose, J. |author5=Kulkarni, N.U. |date=2016 |title=''Hebius beddomei'' |volume=2016 |article-number=e.T172628A96270673 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T172628A96270673.en |access-date=11 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | genus = Sahyadriophis<br /> | species = beddomei<br /> | authority = ([[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1864)<br /> | synonyms =<br /> * ''Tropidonotus beddomii'' &lt;br/&gt;{{small|Günther, 1864}}<br /> * ''Natrix beddomei'' &lt;br/&gt;{{small|— [[Malcolm Arthur Smith|M.A. Smith]], 1943}}<br /> * ''Amphiesma beddomei'' &lt;br/&gt;{{small|— [[:fr:Indraneil Das|Das]], 1996}}<br /> * ''Hebius beddomei'' &lt;br/&gt;{{small|— [[Peng Guo (herpetologist)|Guo]] et al., 2014}}<br /> | synonyms_ref =&lt;ref name=RDB&gt;{{NRDB species|genus=Hebius|species=beddomei|accessdate=7 September 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''Nilgiri keelback''' ('''''Sahyadriophis beddomei'''''), also known [[Common name|commonly]] as '''Beddome's keelback''', is a [[species]] of snake found in the [[Western Ghats]] in [[India]].&lt;ref name=&quot;iucn status 11 November 2021&quot; /&gt; The species is named after [[Richard Henry Beddome]], 1830–1911, British army officer and [[naturalist]].&lt;ref&gt;[[Richard Allen &quot;Bo&quot; Crombet-Beolens|Beolens B]], [[Michael Watkins (zoologist)|Watkins M]], [[Michael Grayson|Grayson M]] (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. ( (''Amphiesma beddomei'') p. 21).&lt;/ref&gt; It was first discovered near the [[Nilgiris (mountains)|Nilgiris]] but is now known more widely from the [[Western Ghats]]. This snake is [[Terrestrial animal|terrestrial]] and feeds on [[toad]]s.<br /> <br /> ==Description==<br /> :''See [[snake scales]] for the terminology used''<br /> The eye of ''S. beddomei'' is moderate in size, its diameter in the adult equaling its distance from the nostril. The rostral is just visible from above. The suture between the internasals is as long as that between the prefrontals. The frontal is larger than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals. The loreal is as long as deep or deeper than long. There is one preocular, and there are three (rarely two) postoculars. The temporals are arranged 1+1 or 1+2. The upper labials number 8 or 9, third, fourth and fifth, or fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye. There are 5 lower labials in contact with the anterior chin shields. The anterior chin shields are shorter than the posterior chin shields.<br /> <br /> The dorsal scales are in 19 rows at midbody, rather strongly keeled, the outer row however, perfectly smooth. The ventrals number 131-150. The anal scale is divided. The subcaudals number 65-75.<br /> <br /> ''S. beddomei'' is brown [[Dorsum (anatomy)|dorsally]], with a series of yellow spots, each between two black spots or short transverse bands, along each side of the back. The upper labials are yellowish with black sutures. There is a yellow, black-edged, oblique streak from the eye to the corner of the mouth. A yellow band across the nape, behind the parietals, becomes indistinct with age. The belly is white, closely dotted with brown on the sides.<br /> <br /> The longest specimen measured by [[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]] had a total length of {{convert|51|-|66|cm|in|frac=2|abbr=on}}, which included a tail {{convert|13|-|19|cm|in|frac=2|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref&gt;[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger GA]] (1893). ''Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume I., Containing the Families ... Colubridæ Aglyphæ, Part.''. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). xiii + 448 pp. + Plates I -XXVIII. (''Tropidonotus beddomii'', pp. 252-253).&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:Bedomme's keelback.JPG|Beddome's keelback feeding on ''[[Duttaphrynus melanostictus]]''<br /> File:Young Amphiesma beddomei.jpg|The young have a white patch on the nape<br /> File:Amphiesma beddomei.jpg|An adult, without white patch on nape<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Habitat==<br /> ''S. beddomei'' is found in the [[tropical rainforest]]s and [[tropical moist forest]]s of the Nilgiri hills, at altitudes of {{convert|60|–|1,000|m|ft|abbr=on}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;iucn status 11 November 2021&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Behavior==<br /> Although not [[Aquatic animal|aquatic]], ''S. beddomei'' can be found actively hunting from dawn to dusk on [[stream]] banks or close to other bodies of water.&lt;ref name=&quot;Das2002&quot;&gt;[[:fr:Indraneil Das|Das I]] (2002). ''A Photographic Guide to Snakes and other Reptiles of India''. Sanibel Island, Florida: Ralph Curtis Books. 144 pp. {{ISBN|0-88359-056-5}}. (''Amphiesma beddomei'', p. 17).&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Diet==<br /> ''S. beddomei'' eats mainly [[toad]]s.&lt;ref name=&quot;Das2002&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Reproduction==<br /> ''S. beddomei'' is [[Oviparity|oviparous]].&lt;ref name=RDB/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> {{Commons category|Amphiesma beddomei}}<br /> * [[Albert Günther|Günther ACLG]] (1864). ''The Reptiles of British India''. London: The Ray Society. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xxvii + 452 pp. + Plates I-XXVI. (''Tropidonotus beddomii'' [sic], p.&amp;nbsp;269 + Plate XXII, fig. E). [http://www.strangeark.com/ebooks/IndiaHerps.pdf PDF] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051229232916/http://www.strangeark.com/ebooks/IndiaHerps.pdf |date=29 December 2005 }}<br /> * [[Malcolm Arthur Smith|Smith MA]] (1943). ''The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III.&amp;mdash;Serpentes.'' London: The Secretary of State for India. (Taylor and Francis, Printers). xii + 583 pp. (''Natrix beddomei'', p.&amp;nbsp;306).<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Taxonbar|from=Q2384401}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Natricinae]]<br /> [[Category:Snakes of India]]<br /> [[Category:Endemic fauna of the Western Ghats]]<br /> [[Category:Endemic reptiles of India]]<br /> [[Category:Reptiles described in 1864]]<br /> [[Category:Taxa named by Albert Günther]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nakshi_kantha&diff=547482 2025-12-15T22:09:41Z

<p>Singh142536: adjust page further and cleaned formatting</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Type of Bengali embroidered quilt}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox geographical indication<br /> | name = Nakshi Kantha<br /> | image = Nakshi kantha1.JPG<br /> | alt =<br /> | caption = Traditional nakshi kantha<br /> | alternative names = নকশি কাঁথা<br /> | description = A traditional embroidery art of [[Bangladesh]], [[West Bengal]], [[Tripura]] and [[Barak Valley]] region<br /> | country = [[Bangladesh]] and [[India]]<br /> | material = Cloth, usually cotton<br /> }}<br /> <br /> [[File:Kantha (Quilt) LACMA AC1994.131.1.jpg|thumb|Quilt, 19th century, cotton and wool.]]<br /> [[File:Embroidery bangla.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Nakshi kantha]]<br /> '''Nakshi kantha''', a type of embroidered quilt, is a centuries-old [[Bengal]]i art tradition of the Bengal region, notably in [[Bangladesh]] and the [[States and union territories of India|Indian states]] of [[West Bengal]], [[Tripura]], and parts of [[Assam]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://bengalcrafts.com/History.html |title=Nakshi Kantha-Benhal Craft |website=Bengal Crafts |access-date=10 November 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090204012802/http://bengalcrafts.com/History.html |archive-date=4 February 2009 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Zaman |first=Niaz |year=2012 |chapter=Nakshi Kantha |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Nakshi_Kantha |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |access-date=8 November 2015 |archive-date=24 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124182210/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Nakshi_Kantha |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Jaismuddim.org&quot; /&gt; The basic materials used are thread and old cloth.{{sfn|Ghuznavi|1981|p=23}} Nakshi kanthas are made throughout Bangladesh, primarily in the areas of [[Mymensingh]], [[Jamalpur District|Jamalpur]], [[Bogra]], [[Rajshahi]], [[Faridpur District|Faridpur]], [[Jessore]], and [[Chittagong]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Sirajuddin |first=Muhammad |date=1992 |title=Living Crafts in Bangladesh |location=Dhaka |publisher=Markup International |page=44 |oclc=29737195}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The colourful patterns and designs that are embroidered resulted in the name &quot;Nakshi Kantha,&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://sareesofbengal.com/index.php/collections/kantha-stitch.html |title=Kantha Silk Sarees |first=Sarees |last=Kantha |website=sareesofbengal.com |access-date=2 February 2018 |archive-date=3 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203005911/https://sareesofbengal.com/index.php/collections/kantha-stitch.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; which was derived from the [[Bengali language|Bengali]] word &quot;naksha,&quot; referring to artistic patterns.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.aarong.com/nakshi-kantha/about-nakshi-kantha |title=About Nakshi Kantha |website=Aarong |access-date=9 December 2008 |archive-date=16 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016191125/http://www.aarong.com/nakshi-kantha/about-nakshi-kantha |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Early kanthas had a white background accented with red, blue, and black embroidery; later, yellow, green, pink, and other colours were also included. The [[running stitch]], called the &quot;[[kantha]] stitch,&quot; is the main stitch used for this purpose.{{sfn|Ghuznavi|1981|pp=23–24}} Traditionally, kanthas were produced for family use. Today, following the revival of the nakshi kantha, they are produced commercially.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://textilelearner.net/nakshi-kantha-history-uses/ |title=History, Uses and Current Condition of Nakshi Kantha |website=Textile Learner |date=9 January 2022 |access-date=14 February 2022 |archive-date=14 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214133732/https://textilelearner.net/nakshi-kantha-history-uses/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Etymology==<br /> The word ''[[kantha]]'' has no discernible etymological root.{{sfn|Ahmad|1997}} The exact origin of the word is not precisely known, although it probably has a precursor in ''kheta'' (meaning &quot;field&quot; in [[Bengali language|Bengali]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Ahmad |first=Perveen |year=1999 |title=Lecture: Aesthetics and Vocabulary of Nakshi Kantha |url=http://ignca.nic.in/nl_01310.htm |journal=Vihangama |publisher=Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA) |volume=VII |issue=1–4 |access-date=28 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819045946/http://ignca.nic.in/nl_01310.htm |archive-date=19 August 2014 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; According to [[Niaz Zaman]], the word ''kantha'' originates from the [[Sanskrit]] word ''kontha'', which means rags, as ''kantha'' is made of rags.{{sfn|Zaman|1993|p=36}}<br /> <br /> ==Tradition==<br /> Like any other folk art, kantha making is influenced by factors such as the materials available, daily needs, climate, geography, and economic conditions.{{sfn|Zaman|1993}} The earliest form of kantha was probably the [[patchwork]] kantha, and the kanthas of the decorative [[appliqué]] type evolved from this.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Dutt |first=Gurusaday |date=1995 |title=Kantha: Album of Art Treasure (Series One) |location=24 Parganas, India |publisher=Gurusaday Dutt Folk Art Society, Gurusaday Museum |oclc=475731213}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==In literature==<br /> The earliest mention of Bengali kantha is found in the medieval Bengali literature ''[[Chaitanya Charitamrita]]'' by [[Krishnadasa Kaviraja]], written during the late 16th century. The Bengali poet [[Jasimuddin]] wrote the poem ''[[Nakshi Kanthar Math]]'' about nakshi kantha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jaismuddim.org&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://sos-arsenic.net/lovingbengal/quilt.html |title=Quilt (Kantha) Art of Bengal |website=Jaismuddin.org |access-date=2 January 2009 |archive-date=12 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612032558/http://sos-arsenic.net/lovingbengal/quilt.html |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Making==<br /> Traditionally, old [[saree]]s, [[lungi]]s, and [[dhoti]]s were used to make kanthas. Kantha making was not a full-time occupation; women in almost every household were experts in the art. [[Rural women]] worked during their leisure time or the rainy season, so it was common for a kantha to take months or even years to complete. At least three to six sarees were needed to make a standard-sized kantha. In contemporary kanthas, new cotton cloths are used instead. Traditionally, the thread was collected from old sarees, although this is rarely done today.<br /> <br /> When a kantha is being made, the sarees are first joined to achieve the required size, and then layers are spread out on the ground. The cloths are smoothed, ensuring no folds or creases are left in between. During the process, the cloth is kept flat on the ground with weights placed on the edges. The four edges are then stitched, and two or three rows of large running stitches are made to keep the kantha together. At this stage, the kantha can be folded and stitched during leisure time.<br /> <br /> Originally, designs and motifs were not drawn on the cloth. The design was first outlined with needle and thread, followed by the focal points, and then the filling motifs were added. In a kantha with a predominant central motif, the centre was done first, followed by the corner designs and other details. In some types of kanthas (such as carpet, lik, and sujni), wooden blocks were used to print the outline. Today, the blocks are replaced by patterns drawn on tracing paper.<br /> <br /> ==Types==<br /> The following is how kanthas are categorised, according to the stitch type:{{sfn|Zaman|1993}}<br /> <br /> === Running stitch ===<br /> <br /> [[running stitch|The running stitch]] kantha is the indigenous Zidan Al Hakim. It is subdivided into Nakshi (figured) and par tola (patterned). Nakshi (figured) kanthas are further divided into motif or scenic kanthas.<br /> <br /> === Lohori kantha ===<br /> The name was derived from Sanskrit,&lt;ref&gt;Sanskrit Word &quot;Lahari&quot; meaning &quot;Wave&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; as in ''[[Soundarya Lahari]]'' or ''[[Shivananda Lahari]]—''religious poetic works in Sanskrit by [[Adi Shankara]]''.'' It is also found in the Persian language, where it carries the same meaning, ''lehr'', which means &quot;wave.&quot; This type of kantha is particularly popular in [[Rajshahi]]. These kanthas are further divided into soja (straight or simple), Kabutar khupi (pigeon coop or triangle), and diamond.<br /> <br /> === Lik or anarasi ===<br /> <br /> The Lik or Anarasi (pineapple) type of kantha is found in the [[Maldah District|Malda]], [[Chapainawabganj District|Chapainawabganj]], and [[Jessore District|Jessore]] areas. The variations include lik tan, lik tile, lik jhumka, and lik lohori.<br /> <br /> === Cross-stitch or carpet ===<br /> <br /> This type of kantha was introduced by the English during [[British Raj|British rule in India]].{{sfn|Zaman|1993|p=114}} The stitch used in these kanthas is the [[cross-stitch]].<br /> <br /> === Sujni kantha ===<br /> <br /> This type of kantha is found only in the [[Rajshahi]] area. The popular motif used is the undulating floral and vine design.<br /> <br /> ==Influence of religion and folk belief==<br /> Hindu women in the 19th century used human and animal forms to tell stories of gods, goddesses, and their [[Vahana]]s. Bengali women were free to draw inspiration from their rich indigenous surroundings as well as contemporary stories. To them, the fabric was the artist, and the person was the artisan. In the mid-19th century, the colour schemes and designs began to change to make them suitable for use on modern garments. In 1940, Kabiguru Rabindranath Tagore and his daughter-in-law [[Pratima Devi (painter)|Pratima Devi]] trained [[Santal people|Santali]] women in [[Birbhum district|Birbhum District]], and quality work was produced under the tutelage of Kalabhaban artists.<br /> <br /> ==Stitches==<br /> {{main|Kantha}}<br /> The earliest and most basic stitch found in kanthas is the [[running stitch]]. The predominant form of this stitch is called the ''phor'' or kantha stitch.{{sfn|Zaman|1993|pp=44–45}} Other forms of stitches used include the Chatai or pattern darning, Kaitya or [[bending stitch]], weave running stitch, [[darning stitch]], Jessore stitch (a variation of the darning stitch), [[threaded running stitch]], Lik phor or anarasi or ghar hasia ([[Holbein stitch|Holbein]]) stitches. The stitches used in modern-day kantha include the Kashmiri stitch and the [[arrowhead stitch]]. Stitches such as the [[herringbone stitch]], [[satin stitch]], [[backstitch]], and [[cross-stitch]] are occasionally used.{{sfn|Zaman|1993}}<br /> <br /> ==Types==<br /> Kanthas generally denote quilts used as wrappers; however, all articles made by quilting old cloth may also be referred to by the same generic name. Depending on the size and purpose, kanthas may be divided into various articles, each with its specific name. The various types of kantha are as follows:{{sfn|Ahmad|1997|p=v}}<br /> * [[Quilt]] (lep in Bengali): A light quilted covering made from old sarees, dhotis, lungis, and sometimes from sheet cloths.<br /> * Large spread (Nakshi Kantha in Bengali): An embellished quilt embroidered with traditional motifs and innovative styles.<br /> * Cover for Quran (ghilaf in Arabic and Bengali): An envelope-shaped bag used to cover the [[Quran]].<br /> * Prayer mats (Jainamaz in Bengali): Mats used by [[Muslims]] for prayer.<br /> * [[Puja (Hinduism)|Puja]] floor spread (Ason in Bengali): A cloth spread used for sitting at a place of worship or for an honoured guest.<br /> * Cosmetic wrapper (Arshilota in Bengali): A narrow embroidered wrapper used to roll and store a woman's comb, mirror, eye kohl, vermilion, sandal paste, oil bottle, etc. Often, a tying string is used to bind the wrap, similar to later-day sachets.<br /> * Wallet (Batwa Thoiley in Bengali): A small envelope-shaped bag for keeping money, [[betel leaves]], etc.<br /> * Floor spread (Galicha in Bengali): Floor coverings.<br /> * Cloth wrapper (Bostani, Guthri in Bengali): A square wrapper for books and other valuables.<br /> * Cover (Dhakni in Bengali): Covering cloths of various shapes and sizes.<br /> * Ceremonial meal spread (Daster Khan in Bengali): A spread for the eating place, used at mealtime.<br /> * Pillow cover (Balisher Chapa or Oskar in Bengali): A flat, single-piece pillow cover.<br /> * Handkerchief (Rumal): Small and square.<br /> * Modern-day articles: Today, new uses are found for nakshi kanthas, such as bedspreads, wall hangings, cushion covers, ladies' purses, placemats, jewellery boxes, dress fronts, skirt borders, shawls, and sarees.<br /> <br /> ==Motifs==<br /> Motifs used in nakshi kantha are deeply influenced by religious beliefs and culture. Although no strict symmetry is followed, a finely embroidered nakshi kantha will always have a focal point. Most kanthas feature a [[lotus (plant)|lotus]] as the central motif, with undulating vines, floral patterns, or a shari border motif surrounding it. The motifs may include images of flowers and leaves, birds and fish, animals, kitchen items, and even toilet articles.<br /> <br /> While most kanthas have an initial pattern, no two nakshi kanthas are the same. Although traditional motifs are repeated, individual touches are evident in the variety of stitches, colours, and shapes. The notable motifs found in nakshi kantha are as follows:<br /> <br /> ===Lotus motif===<br /> [[File:Lotus motif.JPG|thumb|right|Lotus motif]]<br /> The lotus motif is the most common design found in kanthas. This motif is associated with Hindu iconography and is therefore very popular in kantha. The lotus is the divine seat and is symbolic of cosmic harmony and essential womanhood. It also represents the eternal order and the union of earth, water, and sky. The lotus symbolises the life-giving power of water and is linked to the sun, as its petals open and close with the sun's movement. It also represents the recreating power of life: with the drying up of water, the lotus dies, and with the rain, it springs to life again. The lotus is associated with purity. There are various forms of lotus motifs, from the eight-petaled ''astadal padma'' to the hundred-petaled ''satadal''. In older kanthas, the central motif is almost always a fully bloomed lotus seen from above.<br /> <br /> ===Solar motif===<br /> The solar motif is closely associated with the lotus putki. Often, the lotus and solar motifs are found together at the centre of a nakshi kantha. The solar motif symbolises the life-giving power of the sun. The sun is linked to fire, which plays a significant role in Hindu rites, both religious and matrimonial.<br /> <br /> ===Moon motif===<br /> The moon motif has a religious influence and is popular among [[Bengali Muslims]]. It is mostly depicted as a crescent moon accompanied by a star. This motif is particularly found in ''jainamaz'' kanthas.<br /> <br /> ===Islamic Motifs===<br /> Religious motifs such as mosques, stars, Arabic calligraphy, and [[Islamic arts]], as well as motifs from [[Jamdani]], which is part of the [[Islam in Bangladesh|Muslim heritage of Bangladesh]], are used in nakshi kantha, particularly for religious activities such as [[prayer rug]]s and covers for the [[Quran]].<br /> <br /> ===Wheel motif===<br /> The wheel is a common symbol in Indian art, both Hindu and Buddhist. It represents order and the world. The wheel is a popular motif in kanthas, even when the maker has forgotten its original significance. The motif is relatively easy to create using the chatai phor stitch.<br /> <br /> ===Swastika motif===<br /> ''Suasti'' in [[Sanskrit]] means &quot;it is well.&quot; As a motif in Indian art, it dates back to the [[Indus Valley Civilisation]] and is a symbol of good fortune. It is also known as ''muchri'' or ''golok dhanda''. Over time, the design has become more curvilinear than the four-armed swastika found on the [[Mohenjodaro]] seal. The symbolic design has significant influence in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.<br /> <br /> ===Tree of life motif===<br /> <br /> The influence of this motif in Bangladeshi art and culture (as with kantha) can be traced back to the [[Indus Valley Civilisation]]. It is likely that the Indus people conceived the pipal tree as the [[Tree of Life]], with the devata inside embodying the power of fecundity''.''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Mukerjee |first=Radhakamal |date=1964 |title=The Flowering of Indian Art: The Growth and Spread of a Civilization |location=Bombay |publisher=Asia Pub. House |page=35 |oclc=30086718}}&lt;/ref&gt; During the Buddhist period, the cult of the tree continued. The [[Ficus religiosa|pipal]] is sacred to the Buddha, as he received enlightenment under its shade. It reflects the fecundity of nature and is highly popular in Bengal. Vines and creepers play an important role in kanthas and symbolise the same meanings as the Tree of Life. A popular motif in [[Rajshahi]] ''lohori'' is the betel leaf.<br /> <br /> ===Kalka motif===<br /> [[File:Kalka motif.JPG|thumb|right|Close view of Kalka motif]]<br /> This is a later-day motif, dating from the time of the Muslim [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]]s rulers.{{sfn|Zaman|1993|p=82}} The kalka, or [[Paisley (design)|paisley]] motif, originated in Persia and Kashmir and has become an integral part of the subcontinental decorative motif.{{sfn|Ahmad|1997|p=92}} It can be compared to a stylised leaf, mango, or flame. The kalka is an attractive motif, and a number of variations have been experimented with. Similar motifs can be found in traditional Kashmiri [[shawl]]s.<br /> {{clear}}<br /> <br /> ==Other motifs==<br /> [[File:Nakshi kantha (Flower motif).JPG|thumb|300px|Close view of a contemporary Nakshi kantha with flower motif]]<br /> * Water Motif:<br /> * Mountain Motif:<br /> * Fish Motif:<br /> * Boat Motif:<br /> * Footprint Motif:<br /> * Ratha Motif:<br /> * Mosque Motif:<br /> * Panja or Open Palm Motif:<br /> * Agricultural Implements:<br /> * Animal Motifs:<br /> * Toilet Articles:<br /> * Kithen Implements:<br /> * Kantha Motif:<br /> * Palanquin Motif:<br /> <br /> ==Borders==<br /> [[File:Kantha border1.JPG|thumb|180px|Borders from the top:rice stalk, scorpion, pea, eye, wavy or bent, amulet]] [[File:Kantha border3.JPG|thumb|180px|From the top: shamuk taga, eye border, wrench border, miscellenious borders, wave border, diamond border]]<br /> Most nakshi kanthas have some form of border. Either a sari border is stitched on, or a border pattern is embroidered around the kantha. The common borders found in kanthas are as follows:{{sfn|Zaman|1993|p=94}} [[File:Kantha border2.JPG|thumb|left|200px|From the top: necklace border, ladder border, gut taga, chik taga, nose ring border, fish border, panch taga, bisa taga, anaj taga]]<br /> * The [[Rice|Paddy]] Stalk or Date Branch (Dhaner Shish or Khejur Chari)<br /> * The [[Scorpion]] Border (Biche Par in Bengali)<br /> * The Wavy or Bent Border (Beki in Bengali)<br /> * The Diamond Border ([[Barfi]])<br /> * The Eye Border (Chok Par in Bengali)<br /> * The [[Amulet]] Border ([[Ta'wiz|Taabiz]] Par in Bengali)<br /> * The Necklace Border (Mala Par in Bengali)<br /> * The Ladder Border (Moi Taga)<br /> * The Gut Taga<br /> * The Chick Taga<br /> * The Nolok Taga<br /> * The Fish Border (Maach Par in Bengali)<br /> * The Panch Taga<br /> * The Bisa Taga<br /> * The Anaj Taga<br /> * The Shamuk Taga<br /> * The [[Wrench]] Border<br /> * The Anchor (Grafi Par in Bengali)<br /> * The Pen Border (Kalam Par in Bengali)<br /> <br /> ==Collections==<br /> <br /> ===Bangladesh===<br /> * Bangla<br /> * Design Centre, BSCIC<br /> * Folk Art and Crafts Foundation<br /> * Bangladesh National Museum<br /> <br /> ===India===<br /> * Ashutosh Museum, Kolkata<br /> * Calico Museum of Textiles, Ahmedabad<br /> * Gurusaday Museum, Thakurpur<br /> <br /> ==Organizations that make Nakshi Kanthas==<br /> * Bangladesh Rural Development Board (BRDB), Karu Palli Sales Centre<br /> * Kumudini Handicrafts (cares), Bangladesh<br /> * BRAC-Aarong, Bangladesh<br /> {{clear}}<br /> <br /> == Controversy regarding Geographical Indication ==<br /> {{Update|section|date=April 2025}}<br /> In 2008, the Indian state of West Bengal applied for [[Geographical Indication]] (GI) status for Nakshi Kantha, while Bangladesh, alongside West Bengal, was also a strong contender for the same.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ttg-sric.iitkgp.ernet.in/GIDrive/images/gi/registered_GI_13June2016.pdf |title=State Wise Registration Details of G.I Applications Till 13-06-2016 |website=Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712231719/http://www.ttg-sric.iitkgp.ernet.in/GIDrive/images/gi/registered_GI_13June2016.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, due to the absence of proper laws on Geographical Indication in Bangladesh at that time (which were later adopted), Bangladesh could not officially apply for the GI. The registry office granted the Geographical Indication to West Bengal in 2008.<br /> <br /> The Bangladeshi authorities, however, later passed the &quot;Bangladesh Geographical Indication (Registration and Protection) Act, 2013&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://dpdt.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/dpdt.portal.gov.bd/page/cc2ca133_4da5_42f7_9776_21cff528a032/GI%20Act-2013%20Bangla.pdf |title=GI Act-2013 Bangla |website=Department of Patents, Designs and Trademarks |access-date=13 March 2018 |archive-date=13 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313214333/http://dpdt.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/dpdt.portal.gov.bd/page/cc2ca133_4da5_42f7_9776_21cff528a032/GI%20Act-2013%20Bangla.pdf |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; in parliament. With the necessary preparations now in place, they are awaiting the next application cycle to claim the Geographical Indication for Nakshi Kantha in Bangladesh.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://cpd.org.bd/index.php/press-reports-geographical-indication-jamdani-bangladesh-cpd-dialogue/ |title=Press reports on Protecting Geographical Indication Products in Bangladesh |website=Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD) |date=19 June 2014 |access-date=24 November 2015 |archive-date=22 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122165919/http://cpd.org.bd/index.php/press-reports-geographical-indication-jamdani-bangladesh-cpd-dialogue/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ficci-inbdpd.com/htm/recom.html |title=India – Bangladesh Parliamentary Dialogue |website=Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce &amp; Industry |access-date=24 November 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160127051454/http://www.ficci-inbdpd.com/htm/recom.html |archive-date=27 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; The registry office granted the Geographical Indication to Bangladesh in 2024, as the name of &quot;Jamalpur Nakshikantha&quot;.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Shital pati|Nakshi pati]], decorative sleeping mats made from cane, reeds, etc.<br /> <br /> ==Notes and references==<br /> <br /> ===Notes===<br /> {{Reflist|close}}<br /> <br /> ===References===<br /> * {{cite book |last=Ahmad |first=Perveen |date=1997 |title=The Aesthetics &amp; Vocabulary of Nakshi Kantha |location=Dhaka |publisher=Bangladesh National Museum |isbn=984-585-000-6}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Ghuznavi |first=Sayyada R. |date=1981 |title=Naksha: A Collection of Designs of Bangladesh |location=Dhaka |publisher=Design Centre, Bangladesh Small &amp; Cottage Industries Corporation |oclc=10301770}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Zaman |first=Niaz |date=1993 |title=The Art of Kantha Embroidery |edition=Second Revised |location=Dhaka |publisher=University Press |isbn=978-984-05-1228-7}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{commons category multi|Nakshi Kantha|Arts of West Bengal}}<br /> * [https://search.ipindia.gov.in/GIRPublic/Application/Details/52 Registered GI tag details]<br /> * [https://www.bangladesh.com/blog/the-beautiful-art-of-nakshi-kantha The Beautiful Art of Nakshi Kantha]<br /> * {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20150821043530/http://www.independent-bangladesh.com/culture/nakshi-kantha.html independent-bangladesh.com]}}-naksi-kantha<br /> * [http://www.gurusadaymuseum.org Gurusaday Museum, India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031185248/http://www.gurusadaymuseum.org/ |date=31 October 2019 }}<br /> * [http://www.bangladeshmuseum.gov.bd Bangladesh National Museum]<br /> * [http://www.craftandartisans.com/kantha-embroidery-of-west-bengal.html Kantha Embroidery of West Bengal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125083712/http://www.craftandartisans.com/kantha-embroidery-of-west-bengal.html |date=25 January 2016 }}<br /> <br /> {{Bedding}}<br /> {{Bengali clothing}}<br /> {{Geographical indications in West Bengal}}<br /> {{Culture of West Bengal}}<br /> {{Embroidery}}<br /> {{Layered textiles}}<br /> {{Textile arts}}<br /> {{West Bengal}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Asian folk art]]<br /> [[Category:Arts in Bangladesh]]<br /> [[Category:Bangladeshi art]]<br /> [[Category:Bangladeshi handicrafts]]<br /> [[Category:Bedding]]<br /> [[Category:Blankets]]<br /> [[Category:Culture of Bengal]]<br /> [[Category:Arts of West Bengal]]<br /> [[Category:Embroidery in India]]<br /> [[Category:Geographical indications in West Bengal]]<br /> [[Category:Indian handicrafts]]<br /> [[Category:Linens]]<br /> [[Category:Mattresses]]<br /> [[Category:Needlework]]<br /> [[Category:Notions (sewing)]]<br /> [[Category:Ornaments]]<br /> [[Category:Portable furniture]]<br /> [[Category:Quilting]]<br /> [[Category:Textile arts of Asia]]<br /> [[Category:Textile arts of India]]<br /> [[Category:Textile industry in India]]<br /> [[Category:Textile techniques]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajiv_Gandhi_Zoological_Park&diff=470216 2025-11-14T13:11:03Z

<p>Singh142536: basic enhanced layout for consistency additionally and added references</p> <hr /> <div>{{refimprove|date=September 2012}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox zoo<br /> |zoo_name = Rajiv Gandhi Zoological Park<br /> |logo = <br /> |image = Rajiv Gandhi zoo entrance.png<br /> |image_width = <br /> |image_caption = Zoo entrance <br /> |coordinates = {{Coord|18.4529061|73.8611752|type:landmark_scale:5000|display=it}}<br /> |area = {{convert|130|acre|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=&quot;zoo_about&quot;/&gt;<br /> |date_opened = {{start date and age|df=yes|1999|3|14}}<br /> |location = [[Katraj]], [[Pune]], [[India]]<br /> |num_species = <br /> |num_animals = 362&lt;ref name=&quot;zoo_about&quot;/&gt;<br /> |largest_tank_vol = <br /> |total_tank_vol = <br /> |annual_visitors = <br /> |members = [[Central Zoo Authority of India|CZA]]&lt;ref name=&quot;cza_list&quot;/&gt;<br /> |exhibits = <br /> |website = {{URL|https://www.pmc.gov.in/en/zoo}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''Rajiv Gandhi Zoological Park''', commonly known as the '''Rajiv Gandhi Zoo''' or '''Katraj Zoo''',&lt;ref name=&quot;TOI2018&quot;&gt;{{cite news |author=Dastane, S. |title=Asiatic lions centre of attraction at Katraj zoo, footfall shoots up |work=The [[Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/asiatic-lions-centre-of-attraction-at-katraj-zoo-footfall-shoots-up/articleshow/62589808.cms |date=2018-01-21 |access-date=2018-01-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; is located in [[Katraj]], [[Pune district]], [[Maharashtra]] State, [[India]]. It is managed by the [[Pune Municipal Corporation]]. The {{convert|130|acre|sing=on}} zoo is divided into three parts: an animal orphanage, a snake park and a zoo and includes the {{convert|42|acre|sing=on}} Katraj Lake.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> In 1953 the Pune Municipal Corporation created [[Peshwe Park]] on about {{Convert|7|acre}} where Madhavrao Peshwe had established a private menagerie in 1770. Located in the heart of the city at the base of [[Parvati Hill]], this zoo exhibited animals in traditional cages.&lt;ref name=&quot;zoo_about&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2004, Mr. Neelam Kumar Khaire (the first director of the park), with assistance from the Pune Municipal Corporation, created the Katraj Snake Park on land that was to become the Rajiv Gandhi Zoological Park.&lt;ref name=&quot;pune_diary&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1997, in order to create a more modern zoo in accordance with the guidelines of the [[Central Zoo Authority of India]], the municipality selected a site in Katraj and started developing a new zoo. The zoo opened in 1999 as the Rajiv Gandhi Zoological Park &amp; Wildlife Research Centre, and initially included only the reptile park, [[Sambar (deer)|sambars]], [[spotted deer]], and [[monkey]]s. Although it took until 2005, all of the animals from Peshwe Park were eventually moved to the new site, and Peshwe Park was closed.&lt;ref name=&quot;zoo_about&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The park also incorporates a rescue centre for injured and orphaned animals. It has run an animal adoption scheme since October 2010.&lt;ref name=AAP&gt;{{cite news|title=Animal Adoption Program|url=http://www.sakaaltimes.com/sakaaltimesbeta/20110418/4745724883144673101.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110421085115/http://www.sakaaltimes.com/SakaalTimesBeta/20110418/4745724883144673101.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-date=21 April 2011|access-date=28 December 2011|newspaper=Sakaal Times|date=18 April 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Animals==<br /> The zoo has a collection of [[reptile]]s, [[mammal]]s, and [[bird]]s. Among mammals, the zoo had a [[white tiger]] and has a male [[Bengal tiger]] named Tanaji. Other mammals at the zoo include [[Indian leopard|leopard]], [[sloth bear]]s, [[sambar (deer)|sambhars]], [[Indian muntjac|barking deer]], [[blackbuck]]s, [[monkey]]s, and [[Indian elephant|elephants]]. Reptiles include [[python molurus|Indian rock python]], [[Indian cobra|cobra]], [[snake]]s, [[viperidae|vipers]], [[mugger crocodile|Indian crocodiles]] and [[Indian star tortoise]] and birds such as [[Indian peafowl|peafowl]] also feature.<br /> <br /> The snake park has a large collection of snakes, reptiles, birds and turtles. There are over 22 species of snakes with 10 species of reptiles comprising more than 150 individuals. This includes a 13-foot-long [[king cobra]]. Information about the snakes is provided in [[Braille]], as well as more conventional formats, and the park includes a library. The snake park has organized many snake festivals and snake awareness programs to clarify doubts and destroy fears about snakes. During [[Nag Panchami]], the park arranges programs to discourage ill-treatment of snakes.<br /> <br /> In April 2017, the zoo replaced the white tiger with a pair of [[Asiatic lion]]s. These lions appear to have been one reason why visits to the zoo increased significantly, since the previous year.&lt;ref name=&quot;TOI2018&quot;/&gt; <br /> <br /> ===Future plans===<br /> This zoo has plans to house [[striped hyena|hyena]]s, [[Bengal fox|fox]]es, [[Indian muntjac|barking deer]], [[nilgai]]s, lesser [[Felidae|cats]], [[jungle cat]]s, [[rusty-spotted cat|rusty spotted cat]]s, [[Indian spotted chevrotain|mouse deer]] and [[Indian giant squirrel|Indian giant squirrels (shekru)]].&lt;ref name=&quot;TOI2012&quot;&gt;{{cite news |author=Das, D. |title=Zoo development plan approved |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Zoo-development-plan-approved/articleshow/16458585.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029214645/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-19/pune/33951382_1_czai-zoo-staff-central-zoo-authority |url-status=live |archive-date=2013-10-29 |date=2012-09-19 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2012-10-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; An [[Ex situ conservation|''ex situ'' breeding]] centre is also planned by the zoo.&lt;ref name=ESB&gt;{{cite news|title=Ex-Situ Breeding|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Katraj-zoo-to-pair-up-endangered-species/articleshow/11261546.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223025111/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-27/pune/30561241_1_zoological-park-species-animals|url-status=live|archive-date=23 February 2012|access-date=28 December 2011|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=27 Dec 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Gallery===<br /> &lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; width=&quot;150&quot;&gt;<br /> Bengal tiger - Slow walk.jpg|[[Indian Tiger]]<br /> Sarpodyan (7850714450).jpg|[[White tiger]]<br /> Lion katraj.JPG|[[Lion]]<br /> Leopard at The Rajiv Gandhi Zoological Park, Pune, India (1).JPG|[[Indian leopard|Leopard]]<br /> Peacock at The Rajiv Gandhi Zoological Park, Pune, India.JPG|[[Peacock]]<br /> Indian-Rock-Python.JPG|[[Indian rock python]]<br /> Russells viper in pune zoo.jpg|[[Russell's viper]]<br /> PorcupineKatraj.jpg|[[Porcupine]]<br /> Bamboo Pit Viper.jpg|[[Trimeresurus gramineus|Bamboo viper]]<br /> Bison95.jpg|[[Bull]]<br /> Bear95.jpg|[[Bear]]<br /> Rajiv Gandhi zoological park (23).JPG|[[Crocodile]]<br /> Indian Gharial sk.jpg|[[Gharial]]<br /> Deers comm rgnp pune.jpg|[[Sika deer]]<br /> Sambar Deers.jpg|[[Sambar deer]]<br /> A child's bond with his mother!.jpg|[[Monkey]]<br /> BlackBucksFightingKatraj.jpg|[[Blackbuck]]<br /> Fun at Zoo.jpg|[[Indian star tortoise]]<br /> Water Duck at The Rajiv Gandhi Zoological Park, Pune, India.JPG|[[Duck]]<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Location==<br /> Slightly outside the city proper, the park is located along the [[NH-48]] on the banks of the Peshwa era Katraj lake, and close to [[Bharati Vidyapeeth]] University. The park is {{convert|8|km|mile|abbr=on}} from the main city of [[Pune]], close to the Katraj Bus Depot. PMPML buses may be obtained from [[Swargate]]. The Katraj dairy and the famous [[Lake Town Society]] is also close by.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Commons category|Rajiv Gandhi Zoological Park, Pune}}<br /> {{Reflist |refs=<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;zoo_about&quot;&gt;<br /> {{Cite web |url=http://www.punezoo.gov.in/about_us.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504180646/http://www.punezoo.gov.in/about_us.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 May 2012 |title=About ZOO |work=punezoo.gov.in |publisher=Pune Zoo |access-date=28 April 2012 }}<br /> &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;cza_list&quot;&gt;<br /> {{ZooOrg|cza|zoos|accessdate=5 July 2011}}<br /> &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;pune_diary&quot;&gt;<br /> {{Cite web |url=http://www.punediary.com/html/garden2.html |title=Katraj Snake Park |work=punediary.com |publisher=PuneDiary |access-date=28 April 2012}}<br /> &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{Official website|https://www.pmc.gov.in/en/zoo}}<br /> <br /> {{Zoos of India}}<br /> <br /> {{Pune topics}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Zoos in Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:Tourist attractions in Pune]]<br /> [[Category:Parks in Pune]]<br /> [[Category:1999 establishments in Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:Zoos established in 1999]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Golu_(festival)&diff=500802 2025-11-08T19:42:43Z

<p>Singh142536: starting some entry basic info!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Festive display of dolls in India}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox holiday<br /> | holiday_name = &lt;small&gt;Tamil: Bommai kolu (பொம்மை கொலு)&lt;br /&gt;Telugu: Bommala Koluvu (బొమ్మల కొలువు)&lt;br /&gt;Kannada: Gombe Habba (ಗೊಂಬೆ ಹಬ್ಬ)&lt;br/&gt;Malayalam: Bommakkolu (ബൊമ്മക്കൊലു)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | type = Hindu<br /> | longtype = [[Hindu]]<br /> | image = Navratri Golu.jpg<br /> | caption = Dasara dolls arrangement<br /> | nickname = <br /> | observedby = Hindus of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and few parts of Kerala<br /> | begins = [[Mahalaya]]<br /> | ends = [[Vijayadashami]]<br /> | celebrations = <br /> | observances = Story telling with dolls, family visiting<br /> | relatedto = [[Navaratri]]<br /> | month = <br /> | firsttime = <br /> | frequency = <br /> | duration = <br /> | scheduling = <br /> | alt = <br /> | weekday = <br /> | date = <br /> | significance = <br /> | litcolor = <br /> | official_name = <br /> | startedby = <br /> }}<br /> '''Golu''' is the festive display of dolls and figurines in South India during the autumn festive season, particularly around the multiday [[Navaratri]] (Dussehra, Dasara) festival of [[Hinduism]]. These displays are typically thematic, narrating a legend from a [[Hindu text]] to court life, weddings, everyday scenes, and miniature kitchen utensils. They are also known as '''Golu''', '''Gombe Habba''', '''Bommai golu,''' or '''Bommala Koluvu'''.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/Unique-artistic-creative-Kolu-plans/article12547720.ece Unique, artistic, creative: Kolu plans], The Hindu (6 October 2012)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ClausDiamond2003p443&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first1=Peter J.|last1=Claus|first2=Sarah|last2=Diamond|first3=Margaret Ann|last3=Mills|title=South Asian Folklore: An Encyclopedia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ienxrTPHzzwC&amp;pg=PA443|year=2003|publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis|isbn=978-0-415-93919-5|pages=443–444}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bado2010p35&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first1=Nikki|last1=Bado-Fralick|first2=Rebecca Sachs|last2=Norris|title=Toying with God: The World of Religious Games and Dolls|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jq8sAQAAIAAJ |year=2010|publisher=Baylor University Press |isbn=978-1-60258-181-4|pages=35–36}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Each displayed item in a golu display is sometimes called a golu doll or equivalent. These are typically made by rural artisans from clay and wooden materials then brightly painted. They are generally arranged in an odd number of ''padis'' (tiers or steps) to tell a story. Goddess-related themes are common, along with developments such as anticipated wedding within the family and of friends.&lt;ref name=&quot;ClausDiamond2003p443&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BornetBurger2012p192&quot; /&gt; During the golu display season, families and neighbors visit each other with gifts to view and chit-chat over the golu display, share festive foods, and sometimes play music or sing devotional songs together.&lt;ref name=&quot;BornetBurger2012p192&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first1=Philippe|last1=Bornet|first2=Maya|last2=Burger|title=Religions in Play: Games, Rituals, and Virtual Worlds|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=t3X18dopUoMC&amp;pg=PA188 |year=2012|publisher= Theologischer Verlag Zürich|isbn=978-3-290-22010-5|pages=188–194}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=Vasudha|last=Narayanan|editor-first=Knut A.|editor-last=Jacobsen|title=Routledge Handbook of Contemporary India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=--9WCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA342|year=2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-40358-6|page=342}}&lt;/ref&gt; Major [[Hindu temple]]s such as the [[Meenakshi Temple]] in [[Madurai]], arrange elaborate golu displays each year for [[Navaratri]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/madurai/Navarathri-celebrations-Meenakshi-temple-golu-display-steals-the-show/articleshow/54706589.cms Navarathri celebrations: Meenakshi temple golu display steals the show], The Times of India (6 Oct 2016)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/crowds-throng-madurai-meenakshi-temple-for-golu/article5206661.ece Crowds throng Madurai Meenakshi temple for 'golu'], The Hindu (6 October 2013)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/gods-and-gopurams-in-full-glow/article6465343.ece Gods and gopurams in full glow], The Hindu (1 October 2014)&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Etymology==<br /> Bommai golu in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] means doll decoration. Bommala Koluvu in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] means court of toys and Gombe Habba means doll festival in [[Kannada language|Kannada]]. It is a part of the annual Dasara-Vijayadasami Hindu festival where young girls and women display dolls, figurine, court life, everyday scenes along with the divine presence of the goddesses [[Saraswati]], [[Parvati]] and [[Laxmi|Lakshmi]] in the Tamil, Kannada, and Telugu households during [[Navaratri]], the nine nights.&lt;ref name=&quot;ClausDiamond2003p443&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Description==<br /> [[File:ಒಣ ತೆಂಗಿನಕಾಯಿ ಕೆತ್ತನೆ.jpg|thumb|left|Traditional bride and groom dolls made from dry coconut at homes, Karnataka.]]<br /> <br /> On the first day of [[Navaratri]], following [[Ganesha|Ganapati]] puja, a welcoming ritual is performed for goddesses [[Saraswati]], [[Durga]], and [[Lakshmi]] by a Hindu ritual called ''Kalasa Aavahanam'' which is performed by an elderly male or female of the family at an auspicious time (''muhurtam''). This is then followed by building a rack of odd-numbered shelves of ''golu'' (or ''Padi'') (usually 3, 5, 7, 9, or 11), set up using wooden planks. After the steps have been covered with fabric it is then adorned with various dolls, figurines and toys according to their size, with the deities at the top.&lt;ref name=&quot;BornetBurger2012p192&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Navrathiri Golu Display in Australia.jpg|thumb|Traditional golu Display in Melbourne, Australia]]<br /> [[File:7 steps Golu in Melbourne Australia 2023.jpg|thumb|7 Steps Golu in Melbourne, Australia 2023]]<br /> <br /> The dolls are predominantly displayed with depictions from Hindu mythological texts, court life, royal procession, ratha yatra, weddings, baby showers, everyday scenes, miniature kitchen utensils, anything a little girl would have played with. It is a traditional practice to have wooden figurines of the bride and groom together, called '[[Marapachi Dolls|Marapacchi Bommai]]' or 'Pattada Gombe', usually made of sandalwood, teak or rosewood or dried coconut and decorated with new clothes each year before being displayed on the golu. In southern India, bride is presented with 'Marapacchi Bommai' during the wedding by her parents as part of wedding trousseau to initiate the yearly tradition of 'Navaratri golu' in her new home with her husband. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; These dolls come as couples dressed in their wedding attire, depicting husband and wife symbolizing prosperity and fertility and the start of the bride's golu collection. Display figurines are passed on from one generation to another as heirloom, and are often several generations old. In the old [[Kingdom of Mysore]], 'Pattada Gombe' is also believed to be a tribute to the kings of the Wodeyar dynasty who ruled of the region for around 600 years.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Narayanan |first=Vasudha |title=Nine nights of the goddess: the Navarātri festival in South Asia |publisher=[[State University of New York Press]] |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-4384-7069-6 |editor-last=Simmons |editor-first=Caleb |series=SUNY series in Hindu studies |location=Albany (N.Y.) |pages=282–289 |chapter=Royal Darbār and domestic kolus: social order, creation, procreation, and re-creation |oclc=1038021861 |editor-last2=Sen |editor-first2=Moumita |editor-last3=Rodrigues |editor-first3=Hillary Peter}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In the evenings, women within the neighborhood invite each other to visit their homes to view the golu displays; they also exchange gifts and sweets. A ''Kuthuvilakku'' lamp is lit, in the middle of a decorated [[rangoli]], while devotional hymns and [[shloka]]s are chanted. After performing the [[puja (Hinduism)|puja]], the food items that have been prepared are offered to the Goddess and then to the guests.&lt;ref name=&quot;BornetBurger2012p192&quot;/&gt; The first 3 days of the festival are dedicated to [[Durga]], then the next 3 days dedicated to [[Lakshmi]] and finally, the last 3 days are dedicated to [[Saraswati]].<br /> <br /> On the 9th day, [[Saraswati Puja]], special pujas are offered to goddess [[Saraswati]]. Books and musical instruments are placed in the puja and worshipped as a source of knowledge.{{citation needed|date=November 2017}}<br /> <br /> The 10th day, [[Vijayadashami]], is regarded by some to be the most auspicious day of all. It was the day Hindus believe the [[asura]] [[Mahishasura]] was finally destroyed by Durga. It is regarded to mark a new and prosperous beginning. Later, on the evening of [[Vijayadashami]], one of the doll from the display is symbolically put to sleep, and the Kalasha is moved a bit towards North to mark the end of that year's Navaratri golu display.{{citation needed|date=November 2017}} Prayers are offered to thank deities for the successful completion of that year's Navaratri festival and with hope of a successful one the next year. Then the steps are dismantled and the dolls are packed up for the next year.{{citation needed|date=November 2017}}<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> [[File:బొమ్మల కొలువు.JPG|thumb|A Bommala Koluvu dolls display at a Telugu household in the early 1950s.]]<br /> The practice of golu appeared in current day Karnataka, where it is closely associated with the royal Navaratri celebrations under the [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagara]] monarchy, during which the golu likely appeared, then the [[Nayaka dynasties|Nayakas]] and [[Polygar|Polygars]] states, who spread it in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; The Navaratri, then called ''Mahanavami'', were state celebrations during which royalty, through numerous secular and religious rituals, renewed its alliances with its [[Vassal|vassals]], established its prestige among its subjects and beyond borders, and legitimized the exercise of its power.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Prasad |first=Leela |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/ocm49276478 |title=South Asian folklore: an encyclopedia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka |date=2003 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0-415-93919-5 |editor-last=Claus |editor-first=Peter J. |location=New York |pages=255 |chapter=Goddesses (Hindu) |oclc=ocm49276478 |editor-last2=Diamond |editor-first2=Sarah |editor-last3=Mills |editor-first3=Margaret Ann}}&lt;/ref&gt; For [[Vasudha Narayanan]], it is these very opulent celebrations that influenced the practice of golu in the households of the southern [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]], where the ordering of society is reproduced, like the ordering of dignitaries and spectators at the [[Durbar (court)|Durbar]] (see the ''Mahanavami Dibba'' at [[Hampi]]).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> In some parts of Andhra Pradesh, there is a still followed tradition of displaying a golu also during the celebrations of [[Makar Sankranti|Makara Sankranti]] (in January),&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; which takes the name {{Transliteration|te|saṅkrānti bommala koluvu}} (సంక్రాంతి బొమ్మల కొలువు) in Telugu. This custom is explained by the fact that Navaratri is a period which occurs four times during the year, one per season, including the Magha Gupta Navaratri (or Winter Navaratri).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; In present-day Tamil Nadu, there is also a rare tradition of installing the golu at [[Gokulashtami]] among the [[Khedaval|Khedawals]]. A small community of [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] [[Brahmin|Brahmins]] who migrated to the region from the 18th century, and adopted local cultural aspects.<br /> <br /> Bommala koluvu has become an element of South Indian ethos, especially of the heir states of the Vijayanagara and Nayak era (Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; The association of Navaratri with the celebration of kingship and power during the Vijayanagara period, resulted in many festivities which are still perpetuated. These related celebrations include the [[Mysore Dasara|Dasara of Mysore]] or the Navaratri of [[Ramnad estate|Ramnad]].<br /> <br /> === Tamil Nadu ===<br /> In Tamil Nadu, the exhibition of golu is an attested practice at the court of the kings of [[Thanjavur Maratha kingdom|Tanjore]] and [[Pudukkottai State|Pudukkottai]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Subramanian |first=Archana |date=2017-09-22 |title=STEPS of wonder |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/children/steps-of-wonder/article19733990.ece |access-date=2023-11-06 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bhosle |first=Pratap Sinh Serfoji Raje |title=Contributions of Thanjavur Maratha kings |publisher=Notion Press |year=2017 |isbn=9781948230940 |edition=2nd |location=Chennai (Madras) |pages=199 |oclc=1030778138}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Thanjavur Palace|Tanjore Palace]] golu is said to have featured figurines representing up to 18 different [[Caste|castes]] or social groups.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; <br /> <br /> However, it was not until the end of the 19th century that golu spread among the commoner population far from the royal courts and their influence. This diffusion occurred independently of these royal courts and regions, from the [[Madras, India|Madrasian]] [[bourgeoisie]] of upper castes background ([[Chettiar|Chettiars]], [[Iyer|Iyers]], [[Iyengar|Iyengars]], etc.), who probably adopted this practice from the [[Kannadigas|Canarese]] and [[Telugu people|Telugu]] communities of the city. As a result, golu has long been associated with the affluent high and upper middle classes people of urban and upper castes.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Wilson |first=Nicole A. |title=Nine nights of the goddess: the Navarātri festival in South Asia |publisher=[[State University of New York Press]] |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-4384-7069-6 |editor-last=Simmons |editor-first=Caleb |series=SUNY series in Hindu studies |location=Albany (N.Y.) |pages=237–252 |chapter=Kolus, caste, and class: Navarātri as a site for ritual and social change in urban South India |oclc=1038021861 |editor-last2=Sen |editor-first2=Moumita |editor-last3=Rodrigues |editor-first3=Hillary Peter}}&lt;/ref&gt; A socio-cultural marker wrongly presented as exclusive to [[Tamil Brahmin|Tamil Brahmins]] (a certain number of whose households do not have this practice, which is told to be &quot;absent from their habits&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;), but more adequate when about the Hindu bourgeoisie of 20th century Madras (composed with a significant proportion of Brahmins). Since then, golu has experienced a continuous and even wider diffusion, particularly in line with logic of [[social mobility]] among the urban middle and working classes.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Many major temples in the state organize exhibitions of golus, and many public places and communities now install them.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/on1194959700 |title=Nine nights of power: durgā, dolls, and darbārs |date=2021 |publisher=[[SUNY Press]] |isbn=978-1-4384-8407-5 |editor-last=Hüsken |editor-first=Ute |series=SUNY series in Hindu studies |location=Albany |chapter=Limits of Creativity : ''Kolu'' in Brahmin Vaiṣṇava Households in Kāñchipuram |oclc=on1194959700 |editor-last2=Narayanan |editor-first2=Vasudha |editor-last3=Zotter |editor-first3=Astrid}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Ilkama |first=Ina Marie Lunde |title=Laughter, creativity, and perseverance: female agency in Buddhism and Hinduism |date=2022 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-760372-7 |editor-last=Hüsken |editor-first=Ute |series=AAR religion, culture, and history series |location=New York (N.Y.) |chapter=&quot;This is not a Home, it is a Temple&quot; : Creative Agency in Navarattitri Kolu |oclc=1355505646}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, golu is still far from being a systematic feature in Tamil Nadu households, with the practice yet to become a part of the habits of many, and more common in some communities households.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; A socio-cultural characteristic of golu practice which is not found in Karnataka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> With its modern reintroduction in a context far removed from the monarchy, the practice of Golu took on a purely religious dimension in Tamil Nadu, where Koluvu has no apparent links with royalty, and is rather a miniature reproduction of the world, of the totality, and its consecration to the [[Devi]], from whom protection is sought.<br /> <br /> The votive practice of golu among the Hindus of Tamil Nadu is also noteworthy. Many people, who sometimes don't install a golu at home, offer particular figurines or entire sets of golu to temples as [[Votive offering|ex-voto offerings]]. These votive figurines are also installed in domestic golus, following prayers fulfillment.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Significance ==<br /> [[File:Siva Dyal Lal - Stall for the Sale of Painted Figures - 1870.jpg|thumb|A [[Pottery|potter]] and a stall for the sale of painted figures. A painting of the [[Patna]] School of [[Company style]], made by Shiva Dayal Lal in 1870.]]<br /> Golu also has a significant connection with the agricultural and handicrafts professions in India. Besides the economic aspect of the festival, it is an important occasion for socializing. During this season relatives and friends in south India make it a point to visit each other's homes. This is also a very important occasion that promotes creative expression for women and for the family to work together on an aesthetic aspect.&lt;ref name=&quot;BornetBurger2012p192&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=Vasudha|last=Narayanan|editor-first=Knut A.|editor-last=Jacobsen|title=Routledge Handbook of Contemporary India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=--9WCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA342|year=2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-40358-6|pages=341–342}}&lt;/ref&gt; These days, the golu dolls are made from either [[clay]] or [[paper mache]], with the latter being light in weight. Some dolls also depict various freedom fighters of the [[Indian Independence Movement]] and characters like [[Spider-Man]] and [[Superman]] considering the need to cater to the younger audience. Some people use collapsible steps, which are easy to install.<br /> <br /> In relation to the practice of Golu at the Court of Tanjore, there was a royal patronage of arts and crafts, including pottery and clay work, which notably enabled the creation of [[Tanjore doll|Tanjore dolls]] (the best known is the Tanjorean [[nautch]] or dancer lady with bobbling head), which appeared under the reign of [[Serfoji II]] and are today commonly exhibited in golus.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Beyond [[Thanjavur]], the practice of Bommala koluvu has contributed to the creation or preservation of many other forms of traditional and ancient crafts, such as woodworking in [[Kondapalli]] ([[Kondapalli Toys|Kondapalli toys]], known peculiarly for its [[Dashavatara|Dasavatara]] series) and [[Tirupati]] (Tirupati toys) in Andhra Pradesh or [[Channapatna]] ([[Channapatna toys]]) in Karnataka, which are three other localities known for their equally sought-after craftsmanship of wooden figurines and toys to decorate doll courts.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; It has also been an excellent outlet for many communities of artisans in southern India, who had more difficulty making a living from their expertise, which was less sought after in an industrialised society. Such as in Vilacheri, on the outskirt of [[Madurai]] in Southern Tamil Nadu, where local potters, who notably made [[terracotta]] horses (''puravi'') for the worship of [[Aiyanar|Ayyanar]], retrained in making koluvu figurines around the 1960s, and have since been recognized in their new field of work.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Jayashree |first=R. |date=2022-09-29 |title=Vilachery dolls: a colourful tradition lives on in Madurai |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/vilachery-dolls-a-colourful-tradition-lives-on-in-madurai/article65952379.ece |access-date=2023-11-08 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Panruti]], in Northern Tamil Nadu, is also an other area renowned for its golu dolls crafting.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> In Tamil Nadu, the growth of the practice of Golu also accompanied that of the [[Nativity scene]]. Like the Golu, the practice of the Christmas Crib was for a long time limited to the wealthy social strata of South Indian Christians (especially the [[Catholics]]) and to the churches. With urbanisation and the spread of cultural practices and consumption patterns hitherto restricted to the affluent social classes, demand for Christmas crib figures has risen sharply. This demand is also satisfied by the craftsmen who make Golu figurines.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Vishnugolu.j.jpg|thumb|Navarathiri golu]]<br /> <br /> ==Gallery==<br /> &lt;gallery widths=&quot;140&quot; heights=&quot;180&quot;&gt;<br /> File:Golu kalasam in Melbourne Australia 2023.jpg|Golu kalasam in Melbourne Australia 2023<br /> File:Kailasam in Golu Melbourne Australia 2023.jpg|[[Kailasa Mountain|Kailasam]] in Golu Melbourne Australia 2023<br /> File:Golu1.JPG|Navarathri Golu in [[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> File:Navratri Golu.jpg|Navarathri Golu display.<br /> File:Golu Full View.jpg|Display of the ''Navratri Golu'' in seven steps in Tamil Nadu<br /> File:Navratri kolu special.jpg|Navarathri Golu<br /> File:Golu australia 2018.jpg|Display of Navarathri Golu in [[Melbourne]], [[Australia]]<br /> File:A Tanjore doll.jpg|A dancing Golu doll from Thanjavur<br /> File:Masked shop owner in Melbourne golu 2020.jpg|Trader with mask showing COVID-19 safety in Golu display, Melbourne, Australia<br /> File:Golu in melbourne Australia.jpg|Temple village Golu display in Melbourne, Australia<br /> File:Arupadai Veedu in Golu Australia 01.jpg|[[Six Abodes of Murugan|Arupadai Veedu]] (Six Temples of [[Murugan]]) portrayed in Golu, Melbourne, Australia. From Left:- [[Subramaniya Swamy Temple, Thiruparankundram|Thiruparankundram]], [[Subramaniya Swamy Temple, Tiruchendur|Tiruchendur]], [[Murugan Temple, Pazhamudircholai|Pazhamudircholai]], [[Dhandayuthapani Temple|Palani]], [[Subramaniya Swamy Temple, Tiruttani|Tiruttani]], [[Swamimalai Murugan temple|Swamimalai]].<br /> File:Kalsam in Golu Australia.jpg|Kalasam in Golu, Melbourne, Australia<br /> File:Temple and Village in Golu Australia.jpg|Temple and village in Golu, Melbourne, Australia<br /> File:Kailasa in Golu Australia.jpg|Kailasa in Golu, Melbourne, Australia<br /> File:South Indian wedding in Golu.jpg|South Indian wedding set up in Golu, Melbourne, Australia<br /> File:Shop in golu Australia.jpg|South Indian shop (''potti kadai'' or ''[[Kirana store|kirana]]'') set up in Golu, Melbourne, Australia<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Navratri|Navaratri]]<br /> *[[Vijayadashami]]<br /> *[[Hinamatsuri]]<br /> *[[Marapachi Dolls]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *{{commons category-inline}}<br /> *[http://casualwalker.com/navarathri-kolu-dolls-street-shop-trail-north-mada-street-mylapore-chennai Navarathri golu / golu Dolls Showcase and Display - Photos]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Hindu festivals]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil festivals]]<br /> [[Category:Religious festivals in India]]<br /> [[Category:September]]<br /> [[Category:October]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maharshi_Vashishtha_Autonomous_State_Medical_College_and_OPEC_Hospital,_Basti&diff=514889 2025-10-21T16:00:50Z

<p>Singh142536: created...</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Medical college in Uttar Pradesh, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox college<br /> | name = Maharshi Vashishtha Autonomous State Medical College, Basti<br /> | other_name = ASMC Basti, GMC Basti, MVASMC Basti, OPEC Hospital<br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | image = MVASMC Basti.jpg<br /> | image_upright = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | motto = <br /> | motto_lang = <br /> | mottoeng = <br /> | type = [[Medical College]] and [[Hospital]]<br /> | established = {{start date and age|2019}}<br /> | parent = <br /> | affiliation = <br /> | academic_affiliation = {{unbulleted list|[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee Medical University]] (2021-present)|[[King George's Medical University]] (2019–2021)}}<br /> | endowment = <br /> | budget = <br /> | officer_in_charge = <br /> | chairman = <br /> | chairperson = <br /> | chancellor = <br /> | president = <br /> | vice-president = <br /> | superintendent = <br /> | vice_chancellor = <br /> | provost = <br /> | rector = <br /> | principal = Manoj Kumar<br /> | director = <br /> | dean = <br /> | head_label = <br /> | head = <br /> | academic_staff = <br /> | administrative_staff = <br /> | undergrad = 100 (per annum)<br /> | postgrad = 17 (per annum)<br /> | doctoral = <br /> | alumni = <br /> | other_students = &lt;!-- or |other= --&gt;<br /> | city = [[Basti, Uttar Pradesh|Basti]]<br /> | state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> | province = <br /> | country = India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|26.765548|82.803984|display=inline,title}}<br /> | campus_type = Urban<br /> | campus_size = <br /> | symbol = <br /> | website = {{Official website|www.asmcbasti.edu.in}}<br /> | logo = <br /> | logo_size = <br /> | logo_upright = <br /> | logo_alt = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> | embedded = &lt;!-- or |nrhp= or |module= --&gt;<br /> }}<br /> '''Maharshi Vashishtha Autonomous State Medical College''', Basti&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=GMC Basti Medical College|url=http://asmcbasti.edu.in/|access-date=2021-01-01|website=asmcbasti.edu.in|archive-date=19 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219083131/http://asmcbasti.edu.in/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; (MVASMC, Basti) is a government medical college in [[Basti, Uttar Pradesh]], India.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Institute list-Directorate of Medical Education and Training Utter Pradesh|url=http://www.updgme.in/Own_Institution_Detail.aspx|access-date=2021-01-01|website=www.updgme.in|archive-date=19 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419130127/http://updgme.in/Own_Institution_Detail.aspx|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The college is affiliated with [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee Medical University]] and is recognized by the [[National Medical Commission]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=List of Colleges, National Medical Commission |url=https://www.nmc.org.in/information-desk/for-students-to-study-in-india/list-of-college-teaching-mbbs/ |access-date=2021-01-01 |language=en-US |archive-date=18 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018200555/https://www.nmc.org.in/information-desk/for-students-to-study-in-india/list-of-college-teaching-mbbs/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == History and description==<br /> The foundation stone of the college was laid in year 2016, along with [[Rajarshi Dashrath Autonomous State Medical College, Ayodhya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=बस्ती को मेडिकल कॉलेज की सौगात |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/basti/the-medical-college-of-township-gift |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi |archive-date=15 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315152534/https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/basti/the-medical-college-of-township-gift |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The college took in 100 undergraduate students in 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=महर्षि वशिष्ठ के नाम से जाना जाएगा बस्ती मेडिकल कालेज|url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/basti-medical-college-19284369.html|access-date=2021-01-26|website=Dainik Jagran|language=hi|archive-date=27 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190727094613/https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/basti-medical-college-19284369.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The medical college spreads over seventeen acres of land. MVASMC is associated with OPEC Hospital, its [[teaching hospital]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=बस्ती मेडिकल कॉलेज में शुरू हुई एमबीबीएस छात्रों की क्लीनिकल क्लास|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/basti/story-clinical-class-of-mbbs-students-started-in-basti-medical-college-4280685.html|access-date=2021-08-01|website=Hindustan|language=hindi|archive-date=1 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801104407/https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/basti/story-clinical-class-of-mbbs-students-started-in-basti-medical-college-4280685.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=GMC Basti Medical College|url=http://asmcbasti.edu.in/aboutus.html|access-date=2021-01-01|website=asmcbasti.edu.in|archive-date=27 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727175644/http://asmcbasti.edu.in/aboutus.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=मेडिकल कॉलेज में ऑक्सीजन प्लांट शुरू|url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/basti/oxygen-plant-starts-in-medical-college-basti-news-gkp400312586|access-date=2021-07-19|website=Amar Ujala|language=hi|archive-date=19 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719053300/https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/basti/oxygen-plant-starts-in-medical-college-basti-news-gkp400312586|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; which is spread across 34 acres.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Government Medical College, Rampur basti : Admission, Counselling, About, Reservation, Courses, Fees, Seats, Eligibility - MedicalneetUg |url=https://medicalneetpg.com/college/medicalneetpg.com/college/government-medical-college-rampur-basti |access-date=2024-03-20 |website=medicalneetpg.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Courses ==<br /> [[File:OPEC Hospital Kaili Basti.jpg|thumb|OPEC Hospital Kaili Basti New building]]<br /> The college offers [[MBBS]], [[Master of Surgery|MS]], [[Doctor of Medicine|MD]] and DNB courses, along with nursing and allied health courses.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Basti News: तीन विषयों की नौ सीटों के लिए पीजी की मान्यता मिली |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/basti/pg-recognized-for-nine-seats-in-three-subjects-basti-news-c-207-1-sgkp1006-117643-2024-05-24 |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=बस्ती मेडिकल कॉलेज में शुरू होगा डीएनबी कोर्स, बनेंगे विशेषज्ञ |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/basti/story-dnb-course-will-start-in-basti-medical-college-will-become-expert-3521180.html |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=Hindustan |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=मेडिकल कालेज में डीएनबी कोर्स के प्रस्ताव की तैयारी|url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/basti/proposal-sent-for-conducting-medical-college-dnb-course-basti-news-gkp3686234161|access-date=2021-01-01|website=Amar Ujala|language=hi|archive-date=30 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130050330/https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/basti/proposal-sent-for-conducting-medical-college-dnb-course-basti-news-gkp3686234161|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Autonomous State Medical College, Basti}}<br /> [[Category:Medical colleges in Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Hospitals in Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Basti, Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:2019 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2019]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Silai_Elupatu&diff=535870 2025-10-09T14:58:20Z

<p>Singh142536: Created info.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Tamil work of literature}}<br /> {{italic title}}<br /> {{Multiple issues|<br /> {{primary sources|date=November 2018}}<br /> {{unreliable sources|date=November 2018}}<br /> {{original research|date=November 2018}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}<br /> [[File:சுவடியகம், சிலையெழுபது ஓலைச்சுவடியின் கட்டுகள் 2022 ஆகத்து.jpg|240px|Palm leaf bindle of Silai Elupatu|thumb|right]]<br /> '''''Silai Elupatu''''' ({{Langx|ta|சிலை எழுபது|translit=Seventy statues}}) is one of the nine books attributed to the renowned Tamil poet [[Kambar (poet)|Kambar]]. It was written to describe people's way of life in ancient [[Tamilakam]].<br /> <br /> The poem celebrates the victory of the [[Chola invasion of Kalinga (1110)|Kalinga War]] and extols the glory of the [[Vanniyar|Vanniyars]], particularly focusing on [[Karunakara Tondaiman|Karunakara Thondaiman]], the esteemed general of the [[Kulothunga Chola I|first Kulothunga Chola]] (1070 AD – 1118 AD). Thondaiman served as a sub-royal under the Cholas, governing the Pallava region. Historical records indicate that in recognition of his literary prowess, [[Kambar (poet)|Kambar]] was honored with a gold palanquin, ornamental gifts, and a reward of one thousand gold coins per ''sikula'' (verse).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tamil surangam |url=https://www.tamilsurangam.in/literatures/kambar/silaiyelupathu.html }}&lt;/ref&gt; It includes reference to various [[gotra]]s.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=K.Shakthivel, +91 8248977695 |title=சிலையெழுபது - Kambar Books - கம்பர் நூல்கள் - Tamil Literature's - தமிழ் இலக்கியங்கள் |url=https://www.tamilsurangam.in/literatures/kambar/silaiyelupathu.html |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=www.tamilsurangam.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;page 90 of the [[Catalogue raisonné]] (Mackenzie Manuscripts)&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> {{commonscat|சிலையெழுபது}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Tamil-language literature]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trump_Tower_Kolkata&diff=541975 2025-09-11T16:20:27Z

<p>Singh142536: Made redirect</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[List of things named after Donald Trump#Trump Tower(s)]]<br /> <br /> {{Redirect category shell|<br /> {{R to section}}<br /> {{R to list entry}}<br /> }}</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pinjara_(TV_series)&diff=525555 2025-09-02T03:28:13Z

<p>Singh142536: Made New Entry!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Marathi-language TV series}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | image = Pinjara.jpeg<br /> | image_size =<br /> | genre = [[Drama]]<br /> | creator = <br /> | based_on = <br /> | writer = <br /> | director = <br /> | starring = [[#Cast|See below]]<br /> | theme_music_composer = <br /> | opentheme = <br /> | endtheme = <br /> | composer = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Marathi<br /> | num_seasons = <br /> | num_episodes = 504<br /> | list_episodes = <br /> | company = Camps Club Production<br /> | producer = Rakesh Sarang &lt;br&gt; Sangeeta Sarang<br /> | news_editor = <br /> | location = <br /> | cinematography = <br /> | runtime = 22 minutes<br /> | camera = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]<br /> | first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2011|01|17}}<br /> | last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2012|08|25}}<br /> | related = <br /> | network = [[Zee Marathi]] <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Pinjara''''' ({{translation|Cage}}) is an Indian [[Marathi language]] television series which aired on [[Zee Marathi]]. It starred [[Bhushan Pradhan]] and [[Sanskruti Balgude]] in lead roles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Zee Marathi presents – Pinjara, the lives and reality of Tamasha and Lavni artists on small screen|url=http://www.esselnewsletter.com/zee-marathi-presents-pinjara-the-lives-and-reality-of-tamasha-and-lavni-artists-on-small-screen.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317071853/http://www.esselnewsletter.com/zee-marathi-presents-pinjara-the-lives-and-reality-of-tamasha-and-lavni-artists-on-small-screen.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=17 March 2023|website=Essel News Letter}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is produced by Sangita Sarang under the banner of ''Camps Club Production''. It premiered from 17 January 2011 by replacing ''Amarprem''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=आनंदी- गजाचं लग्न कोण रोखणार; ‘पिंजरा’मध्ये त्रिकोण|url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/BOL-new-love-trangle-in-pinjara-on-zee-marathi-2362261.html|website=Divya Marathi|language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> &quot;Pinjara&quot;, a captivating tale, revolves around Anandi, a young woman immersed in the world of Lavani, a traditional Maharashtrian dance form. Her lifelong dream is to grace a live stage with her dance, a passion ingrained in her from witnessing Tamashas throughout her upbringing.<br /> <br /> Set in the picturesque town of Manikpur, the narrative intricately weaves through two influential families, the Shelars and the Waghmares. Akka, the matriarch of the Shelar family, commands immense respect in Manikpur, whereas Tatyarao Waghmare, patriarch of the Waghmare family, resists acknowledging Akka's sway over the villagers.<br /> <br /> Tensions escalate when Tatyarao decides to organize a Tamasha in Manikpur to enhance his popularity. Akka vehemently opposes this, setting the stage for a clash of ideologies. Anandi, a part of the Tamasha group, becomes the focal point of a transformative moment that alters the destinies of both families.<br /> <br /> Amidst the cultural richness and familial conflicts, Anandi harbors a mysterious past, concealed from her fellow Tamasha members. The convergence of dreams, traditions, and hidden histories unfolds in &quot;Pinjara,&quot; promising a riveting narrative brimming with drama, dance, and the complexities of intertwined lives.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> === Main ===<br /> * [[Bhushan Pradhan]] as Virendra (Veer) Waghmare<br /> * [[Sanskruti Balgude]] as Anandi Waghmare<br /> <br /> === Recurring ===<br /> * [[Girish Oak]] as Macchindra Shelar<br /> * Sumukhi Pendse as Akka Shelar<br /> * Sunil Tawde as Tatyarao Waghmare <br /> * Sara Shravan as Narayani Shelar<br /> * Pournima Manohar as Kumudini Waghmare<br /> * Shubhangi Latkar as Tatya's wife<br /> * [[Supriya Pathare]] as Anandi's mother<br /> * Namrata Kadam<br /> * Vijay Patwardhan<br /> * Atul Todankar<br /> <br /> == Awards ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+ [[Zee Marathi Awards 2011]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=‘झी मराठी पुरस्कार सोहळा’: ‘पिंजरा’ मालिकेस सर्वाधिक पुरस्कार|url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/BOL-zee-marathi-awards-function-2011-2438008.html|website=Divya Marathi|language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=TV serial ‘Pinjara’ bags maximum Zee Family awards|url=https://marathimovieworld.com/news/pinjara-bags-maximum-zee-family-awards.php|website=Marathi Movie World}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> !Category<br /> !Recipient<br /> !Role<br /> |-<br /> |Best Actor<br /> |[[Bhushan Pradhan]]<br /> |Virendra<br /> |-<br /> |Best Father<br /> |[[Girish Oak]]<br /> |Macchindra<br /> |-<br /> |Best Negative Actress<br /> |Sumukhi Pendse<br /> |Akka<br /> |-<br /> |Best Negative Actor<br /> |Sunil Tawde<br /> |Tatya<br /> |-<br /> |Best Couple<br /> |[[Bhushan Pradhan]]-[[Sanskruti Balgude]]<br /> |Veer-Anandi<br /> |-<br /> |Best Supporting Female<br /> |<br /> |Shalini<br /> |-<br /> |Best Series<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|tt14217252}}<br /> * {{Cite web | url = http://www.zeemarathi.com/Zee_Serial.aspx?zsid=494 | title = Pinjara | archive-date = 2011-12-04 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111204061356/http://www.zeemarathi.com/Zee_Serial.aspx?zsid=494 | access-date = 2022-11-30 | url-status = live }}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Marathi-language television shows]]<br /> [[Category:Zee Marathi original programming]]<br /> [[Category:2011 Indian television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:2012 Indian television series endings]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poda_Thurpu&diff=525732 2025-08-29T18:37:27Z

<p>Singh142536: Made Entry</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Breed of cattle in southern India}}<br /> {{Infobox cattle breed<br /> | name = Poda Thurpu<br /> | image = <br /> | image_size =<br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | status = <br /> | altname =<br /> | country = India<br /> | distribution = <br /> | standard = <br /> | use = <br /> | nickname = <br /> | weight =<br /> | maleweight = <br /> | femaleweight = <br /> | height =<br /> | maleheight = <br /> | femaleheight = <br /> | skincolor = <br /> | skincolour =<br /> | coat = <br /> | horn = <br /> | subspecies = <br /> | note = <br /> }}<br /> '''Poda Thurpu''', also known as '''Thurpu Edlu''' or '''Poda Edlu''', is a breed of cattle found chiefly in [[Nagarkurnool]] district, [[Telangana]] state in southern India. ''Poda'' is a local word meaning &quot;spotted&quot; or &quot;speckled&quot;, referring to the brown or white patches on the animal's coat, while ''thurpu'' is the Telugu word for &quot;east&quot;, which refers to the origin of the breed in eastern Telangana.&lt;ref name=&quot;nativepicture&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Poda Thurpu, the cattle that fights tigers |url=https://nativepicture.com/poda-thurpu-the-cattle-that-fights-tigers/ |access-date=10 May 2022 |website=Native Picture |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> It is bred in the hilly and forested section of Nagarkurnool that forms part of the [[Nallamala Hills]].<br /> <br /> == History and cultural significance ==<br /> Permits signed by the [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizam]], allowing Poda Thurpu cattle to graze in the area, exist from 1836.&lt;ref name=&quot;nativepicture&quot; /&gt; <br /> <br /> Poda Thurpu have traditionally been bred and kept by [[Lambadis|Lambadi]] and [[Golla (caste)|Golla]] families employing [[Chenchu people|Chenchu]] herders, and have had an important role in the cultures of these communities. The herds, which mainly live in forested areas, migrate for several months every year in order to get to better grazing grounds, making it necessary for the keepers of the herds to migrate with them. Local festivals often involve ceremonies intended to bring luck to cattle herders or protection to the cattle.&lt;ref name=&quot;nativepicture&quot; /&gt; <br /> <br /> == Characteristics ==<br /> The cattle are strong and compact and characterised by a high level of endurance in dry and hot conditions. They have a white coat with brown patches or a red or brown coat with white patches, straight horns, and a convex forehead with a groove at the center. Their hoofs are strong and resistant to long exposure to either wet or dry ground. The bullocks are used mainly as [[Working animal#Roles and specializations|draught animals]].&lt;ref name=&quot;dairyknowledge&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Poda Thurpu |url=https://www.dairyknowledge.in/article/poda-thurpu |access-date=10 May 2022 |website=Dairy Knowledge Portal |publisher=Animal Breeding Group, NDDB }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Poda Thurpu |url=https://nbagr.icar.gov.in/en/poda-thurpu/ |access-date=10 May 2022 |website=ICAR - National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> They are also reportedly aggressive in nature, and capable of fending off predators to protect their young.&lt;ref name=&quot;nativepicture&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Recognition as indigenous breed ==<br /> Poda Thurpu was recognised by Telangana as its first officially-recognised indigenous cattle breed on 16 August 2020. It was registered at the National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (NBAGR) in Haryana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=New Breeds Registered|url=https://nbagr.icar.gov.in/en/new-breeds-lines/|website=nbagr.icar.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Telangana's first indigenous cattle breed 'Poda Thurpu' registered at NBAGR|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/telangana/2020/feb/20/telanganas-first-indigenous-cattle-breed-poda-thurpu-registered-at-nbagr-2105975.html|access-date=2021-10-11|website=The New Indian Express|date=20 February 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Cattle breeds originating in India]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chaina,_Faridkot&diff=493102 2025-08-17T01:08:51Z

<p>Singh142536: starting basic entry v1</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Village in Punjab, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Chaina<br /> | settlement_type = Village<br /> | image_skyline = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | nickname = <br /> | pushpin_map = India Punjab<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | coordinates = {{Coord|30.421|74.841|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Faridkot district|Faridkot]]<br /> | government_type = Sarpanch<br /> | governing_body = Gram panchayat<br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | population_total = 2971<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = <br /> | postal_code = 151202<br /> | registration_plate = PB<br /> | blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city<br /> | blank1_info_sec1 = Kotkapura<br /> | website = <br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]<br /> | blank2_name_sec1 = <br /> | blank2_info_sec1 = [[Gram panchayat]]<br /> }}<br /> '''Chaina''' is a village located in the [[Jaitu|Jaito]] tehsil of [[Faridkot district]] in the Indian state of [[Punjab]].<br /> <br /> == Demographics ==<br /> The Village has a population of 2971 of which 1574 are males while 1397 are females as per the census of 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chaina Village Population - Jaitu - Faridkot, Punjab |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/35614-chaina-punjab.html |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; Total geographical area of the village is about 1232 hectares according to census of 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s3ca9c267dad0305d1a6308d2a0cf1c39c/uploads/2016/09/2018052293.pdf |title=Census of India 2011 |publisher=DIRECTORATE OF CENSUS OPERATIONS PUNJAB |year=2011 |pages=79 |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;references /&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:Villages in Faridkot district]]<br /> <br /> {{PunjabIN-geo-stub}}</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nymphaea_manipurensis_var._versicolor&diff=522652 2025-06-24T01:05:07Z

<p>Singh142536: Made Info</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Species of aquatic plant}}<br /> {{Infraspeciesbox<br /> |image =<br /> |genus = Nymphaea<br /> |species = manipurensis<br /> |varietas = versicolor<br /> |authority = [[Sagolsem Asharani Devi|Asharani]] &amp; [[Biseshwori Thongam|Biseshwori]]&lt;ref name = &quot;IPNI&quot; /&gt;<br /> |synonyms =<br /> |synonyms_ref =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Nymphaea manipurensis'' var. ''versicolor''''' is a variety of the water lily species ''[[Nymphaea manipurensis]]''&lt;ref name = &quot;WFO&quot;&gt;''Nymphaea manipurensis'' var. ''versicolor'' Asharani &amp; Biseshwori. (n.d.-d). WFO Plant List. Retrieved June 19, 2025, from https://wfoplantlist.org/taxon/wfo-0001385314-2024-12?page=1&lt;/ref&gt; endemic to Manipur, India.&lt;ref name = &quot;Asharani &amp; Biseshwori, 2014&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Description==<br /> ===Vegetative characteristics===<br /> ''Nymphaea manipurensis'' var. ''versicolor'' is a rhizomatous plant with 6–10 cm big rhizomes. The petiolate, thick, elliptic to suborbicular leaf with an undulate margin and a 12 cm deep sinus is 15–35 cm long, and 13–32 cm wide. The brown petiole is 50–100 cm long.&lt;ref name = &quot;Asharani &amp; Biseshwori, 2014&quot; /&gt;<br /> ===Generative characteristics===<br /> The creamy white, 5–8 cm wide flowers with a tetragonus [[Receptacle (botany)|receptacle]] float on the water surface. The mottled green, coriaceous, thick, 5.5–8.5 cm long, and 4.0–5.0 cm wide sepals displays streaked patterns on the abaxial side. The flower has 6–9 petals. The androecium consists of 31–36 stamens. The gynoecium consists of 15–20 carpels.&lt;!-- &quot;The seeds are 17–19 mm long, and 10–12 mm wide.&quot; &lt;-- That's what it says in the publication, but that doesn't seem plausible. I believe that this would be way to large. The authors likely forgot to put in a comma. --&gt;&lt;ref name = &quot;Asharani &amp; Biseshwori, 2014&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Taxonomy==<br /> It was described by [[Sagolsem Asharani Devi]] and [[Biseshwori Thongam]] in 2014.&lt;ref name = &quot;POWO&quot;&gt;''Nymphaea manipurensis'' var. ''versicolor'' Asharani &amp; Biseshwori. (n.d.). Plants of the World Online. Retrieved June 19, 2025, from https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77144036-1&lt;/ref&gt; The type specimen was collected by S. Asharani in [[Imphal East district]], Manipur, India on the 8th of September 2011.&lt;ref name = &quot;IPNI&quot;&gt;''Nymphaea manipurensis'' var. ''versicolor'' Asharani &amp; Biseshwori. (n.d.-c). International Plant Names Index. Retrieved June 19, 2025, from https://www.ipni.org/n/77144036-1&lt;/ref&gt; It is placed in the subgenus [[Nymphaea subg. Brachyceras|''Nymphaea'' subg. ''Brachyceras'']].&lt;ref name = &quot;Devi et al., 2016&quot;&gt;Devi, S. A., Thongam, B., &amp; Handique, P. J. (2016). [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/S40415-015-0231-1 Multivariate analysis of ''Nymphaea'' (Nymphaeaceae) taxa in Manipur (India) through morphological variables.] Brazilian Journal of Botany, 39, 359-366.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> Some sources treat it as a synonym of [[Nymphaea nouchali var. versicolor|''Nymphaea nouchali'' var. ''versicolor'']].&lt;ref name = &quot;COL&quot;&gt;''Nymphaea nouchali'' var. ''versicolor'' (Sims) R.Ansari &amp; Jeeja. (n.d.). Catalogue of Life. Retrieved June 19, 2025, from https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/8VJNX&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name = &quot;GBIF&quot;&gt;''Nymphaea manipurensis'' var. ''versicolor'' Asharani &amp; Biseshwori. (n.d.-b). GBIF | Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved June 19, 2025, from https://www.gbif.org/species/8328424&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name = &quot;Worldplants&quot;&gt;Hassler, M. (n.d.). ''Nymphaea manipurensis'' var. ''versicolor''. Worldplants. Retrieved June 19, 2025, from https://www.worldplants.de/world-plants-complete-list/complete-plant-list/#plantUid-16470&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Etymology===<br /> The varietal name ''versicolor'' means variously coloured&lt;ref&gt;A Grammatical Dictionary of Botanical Latin. (n.d.). Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved June 19, 2025, from https://www.mobot.org/mobot/latindict/keyDetail.aspx?keyWord=versicolor&lt;/ref&gt; and refers to the streaked abaxial side of the sepals.&lt;ref name = &quot;Asharani &amp; Biseshwori, 2014&quot;&gt;Sagolsem, A. D., &amp; Thongam, B. (2014). [https://www.biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.188.2.5 Two new taxa of ''Nymphaea'' (Nymphaeaceae) from Manipur, India.] Phytotaxa, 188(2), 112-117.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Ecology==<br /> It occurs in wetland areas.&lt;ref name = &quot;Asharani &amp; Biseshwori, 2014&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Taxonbar|from1=Q42818471}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Nymphaea|manipurensis var. versicolor]]<br /> [[Category:Plants described in 2014]]<br /> [[Category:Flora of India]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marhi_Da_Deeva_(film)&diff=516490 2025-05-27T09:34:04Z

<p>Singh142536: created...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Marhi Da Deeva<br /> | image = Marhi Da Deeva poster.jpg<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = Poster<br /> | director = Surinder Singh<br /> | producer = Ravi Malik<br /> | writer = <br /> | screenplay = <br /> | story = Gurdial Singh<br /> | based_on = {{based on|''[[Marhi Da Deeva (novel)|Marhi Da Deeva]]''|[[Gurdial Singh]]}}<br /> | narrator = <br /> | starring = [[Raj Babbar]]&lt;br&gt;[[Deepti Naval]]&lt;br&gt;[[Parikshit Sahni]]&lt;br&gt;[[Pankaj Kapoor]]&lt;br&gt;Kanwaljit&lt;br&gt;Asha Sharma&lt;br&gt;Harbhajan Jabhal&lt;br&gt;[[Gopi Bhalla]]<br /> | music = Mahinderjit Singh<br /> | cinematography = Anil Sehgal<br /> | editing = Subhash Sehgal<br /> | studio = <br /> | distributor = <br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|1989|||}}<br /> | runtime = 115 minutes<br /> | country = [[India]]<br /> | language = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]<br /> | budget = &lt;!--Must cite a reliable published source with a reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb. no fan-sites.--&gt;<br /> | gross = &lt;!--Must cite a reliable published source with a reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb. no fan-sites.--&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Marhi Da Deeva''''' is a 1989 Indian [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]-language film directed by Surinder Singh, starring [[Raj Babbar]], [[Deepti Naval]] and [[Parikshit Sahni]] in the lead roles.&lt;ref name=yt&gt;{{cite video |year=2010|title=Marhi Da Deeva - part 1 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vyg8d6j7aY4 |medium=Motion picture |language=Punjabi |trans-title=The Lamp of the Tomb |publisher=[[YouTube]] |accessdate=2 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was a critically acclaimed&lt;ref name=&quot;ti&quot;&gt;{{cite news | url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2012/20120312/battrib.htm | title=Bathinda girl realises celluloid dream, plays stellar role in award winning film | date=11 March 2012 | agency=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] | access-date=8 April 2012 | author=Maan, Megha | location=Chandigarh}}&lt;/ref&gt; and well-received film based on a [[Marhi Da Deeva (novel)|novel of the same name]] by [[Gurdial Singh]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ie&quot;&gt;{{cite news | url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/write-angle/726193/ | title=Gurdial Singh's celebrated work is being made into a film | date=18 December 2010 | agency=[[The Indian Express]] | access-date=8 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mdd&quot;&gt;{{cite book | title=[[Marhi Da Deeva (novel)|Marhi Da Deeva]] | publisher=Unistar Books Pvt. Ltd. | author=Singh, Gurdial | authorlink=Gurdial Singh | year=2005 | id=ID: A100005576}}&lt;/ref&gt; It won the [[National Film Awards|National Award]] for [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Punjabi|Best Feature Film in Punjabi]].<br /> <br /> == Music ==<br /> <br /> Mahinderjit Singh composed the music with playback singers Jaspal Singh and Prabhsharan Kaur Sidhu.&lt;ref name=yt/&gt; Lyrics were written by [[Naqsh Lyallpuri]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=Music Tym Productions|title=Latest Punjabi Movies 2017 {{!}} ਮੜੀ ਦਾ ਦੀਵਾ ( Full Movie ) {{!}} Raj Babbar {{!}} New Punjabi Movies 2017|date=2017-09-22|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BqHY2CLbsPY|access-date=2018-11-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Actor/Actress<br /> !Role<br /> |-<br /> |[[Raj Babbar]]||Jagseer Singh/Jagsa<br /> |-<br /> |[[Deepti Naval]]||Bhan Kaur/Bhani<br /> |-<br /> |[[Parikshit Sahni]]||Dharam Singh (Voiced by Sardar Sohi)<br /> |-<br /> |[[Kanwaljit Singh (actor)|Kanwaljit Singh]]||Bhant Singh/Bhanta<br /> |-<br /> |Asha Sharma||Nandi (Jagsa's mother)<br /> |-<br /> |Harbhajan Jabhal||Thola Singh (Jagsa's father)<br /> |-<br /> |[[Pankaj Kapoor]]||Raunki<br /> |-<br /> |[[Gopi Bhalla]]||Nikka Singh/Nikka<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *{{IMDb title|0308554|Marhi Da Deeva}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1989 films]]<br /> [[Category:Punjabi-language Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:1980s Punjabi-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]<br /> [[Category:Best Punjabi Feature Film National Film Award winners]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Punjabi-film-stub}}</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_cities_in_Kerala_by_ambient_air_quality&diff=458040 2025-04-17T05:07:37Z

<p>Singh142536: general added intro per sources based on references</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|None}}<br /> <br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}<br /> {{Lists of cities in Kerala}}<br /> The article lists cities in [[Kerala]] according to the [[World Health Organization|WHO]]'s database on ambient (outdoor) air pollution monitoring from almost 1600 cities in 91 countries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Ambient (outdoor) air pollution in cities database 2014|url=https://www.who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair/databases/cities/en/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328100014/http://www.who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair/databases/cities/en/|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 March 2014|website=who.int|publisher=World Health Organization|accessdate=5 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=WHO estimate on air pollution shows Indian cities are death traps|url=http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/who-estimate-on-air-pollution-shows-indian-cities-are-death-traps-44283|website=downtoearth.org.in|publisher=Down To Earth|accessdate=5 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; It includes 124 [[India]]n cities, eight of which are from Kerala.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=North India's cities the most polluted, south's cleanest|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/environment/pollution/North-Indias-cities-the-most-polluted-souths-cleanest/articleshow/45663730.cms|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|publisher=The Times of India|accessdate=5 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Hassan among three Indian cities with minimum air pollution: WHO|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/hassan-among-three-indian-cities-with-minimum-air-pollution-who/article5997972.ece|website=thehindu.com|publisher=The Hindu|accessdate=5 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Ambient Air Quality in Indian Cities|url=https://www.who.int/entity/quantifying_ehimpacts/national/countryprofile/aap_pm_database_may2014.xls?ua=1|website=who.int|publisher=WHO|accessdate=5 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Hassan's air is among the least polluted in country|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/hassans-air-is-among-the-least-polluted-in-country/article8602247.ece|website=thehindu.com|publisher=The Hindu|accessdate=15 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Air pollution, the invisible killer that stalks Kochi|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/091116/kannur-has-highest-air-pollution-in-kerala.html|publisher=Deccan Chronicle|date=9 November 2016|access-date=9 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Why Amitabh Kant is not wrong, Kerala is indeed God's Own Country|url=https://travel.manoramaonline.com/travel/hourglass/2019/11/04/kerala-indeed-gods-own-country-here-is-why.html|publisher=On Manorama|date=4 November 2019|accessdate=4 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Rank<br /> ! City<br /> ! Particulate matter up to 10 micrometers&lt;br /&gt; (PM10)<br /> ! Particulate matter up to 2.5 micrometers&lt;br /&gt; (PM2.5)<br /> |-<br /> |1<br /> |[[Pathanamthitta]]<br /> |23<br /> |10&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Air pollution, the invisible killer that stalks Kochi|url=http://english.manoramaonline.com/news/kerala/air-pollution-invisible-killer-stalks-kochi-dust-vehicles.html|publisher=On Manorama|accessdate=4 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2<br /> |[[Kollam]]<br /> |39<br /> |17<br /> |-<br /> |3<br /> |[[Alappuzha]]<br /> |46<br /> |20<br /> |-<br /> |4<br /> |[[Trivandrum]]<br /> |52<br /> |23<br /> |-<br /> |5<br /> |[[Kottayam]]<br /> |55<br /> |24<br /> |-<br /> |6<br /> |[[Kozhikode]]<br /> |57<br /> |25<br /> |-<br /> |7<br /> |[[Kochi]]<br /> |64<br /> |28<br /> |-<br /> |8<br /> |[[Thrissur]]<br /> |73<br /> |32<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Portal|India}}<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Kerala cities by ambient air quality}}<br /> [[Category:Air pollution in India]]<br /> [[Category:Environmental issues in India]]<br /> [[Category:Environment of Kerala|Cities by ambient air quality]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of cities in Kerala|Air quality]]</div>

Singh142536 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tanawara&diff=539529 2025-04-06T13:17:05Z

<p>Singh142536: Created pg.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Village in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> &lt;!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --&gt;<br /> | name = Tanawara<br /> | other_name = Tanawada<br /> | image_skyline = <br /> | pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Rajasthan, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|26|09|36|N|73|00|25|E|type:city_region:IN|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = [[Country]]<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} [[India]]<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Jodhpur district|Jodhpur]]<br /> | subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]<br /> | subdivision_name3 = [[Luni tehsil|Luni]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | settlement_type = [[Village]]<br /> | official_name = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | population_total = 2,844<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | image_map = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Tanawara'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Tanawara Village in Luni (Jodhpur) Rajasthan | website=villageinfo.in|url=https://villageinfo.in/rajasthan/jodhpur/luni/tanawara.html|accessdate=3 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; is a small village in [[Luni tehsil]] of [[Jodhpur district]] of [[Rajasthan]] in India. According to Census 2011 information the location code or village code of Tanawara village is 085537.<br /> <br /> ==Location==<br /> Tanawara village is located in Luni Tehsil of Jodhpur district in Rajasthan, India. It is situated 15&amp;nbsp;km away from sub-district headquarter Luni and 12&amp;nbsp;km away from district headquarter Jodhpur. As per 2009 stats, Tanawara village is also a gram panchayat.<br /> <br /> ==Area==<br /> The Total geographical area of Tanawara village is 1621 hectares. There are about 491 houses in Tanawara village.<br /> <br /> ==Population==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Male Population !! Female Population !! Total Population<br /> |-<br /> | 1,480 || 1,364 || 2,844<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Villages in Jodhpur district]]<br /> <br /> {{Jodhpurdivision-geo-stub}}</div>

Singh142536