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Sringeri Assembly constituency

2026-05-07T04:05:52Z

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{{Short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Karnataka, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Sringeri
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 123
| map_image = 123-Sringeri constituency.svg
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| district = [[Chikkamagaluru district|Chikkamagaluru]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Udupi Chikmagalur Lok Sabha constituency|Udupi Chikmagalur]]
| established = 1956
| electors = {{formatnum:170579}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/15163-karnataka-2023/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |access-date=24 July 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|7}}
| reservation = None
| mla = [[D. N. Jeevaraj]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2026]]* (After Recount)
| preceded_by = T.D. Rajegowda
}}
'''Sringeri Assembly constituency''' is one of the 224 seats in [[Karnataka State Assembly]] in India. It is part of [[Udupi Chikmagalur Lok Sabha constituency]].

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || rowspan="2" | [[Kadidal Manjappa]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || rowspan="2" | K. N. Veerappa Gowda
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
| [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || B. Ramaiah || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || H. G. Govinde Gowda || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || N. P. Govinda Gowda
|-
| [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || U. K. Shamanna || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]] || H. G. Govinde Gowda || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || [[D. B. Chandregowda]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || rowspan="3" | [[D. N. Jeevaraj]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|-
| [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|-
| [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2018]] || rowspan="2" | [[T. D. Rajegowda]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2023 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Sringeri <ref name=election2023/><ref name="Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Sringeri">{{cite news |title=Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Sringeri |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS10123.htm?ac=123 |access-date=4 May 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=13 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250504155059/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS10123.htm?ac=123 |archive-date=4 May 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[T. D. Rajegowda]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 59,171 |percentage = 41.79 |change = {{decrease}}4.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[D. N. Jeevaraj]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 58,970 |percentage = 41.65 |change = {{decrease}}2.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sudhakara. S. Shetty |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 19,417 |percentage = 13.71 |change = {{increase}}6.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rajan Gowda. H. S |party = Aam Aadmi Party |votes = 1,150 |percentage = 0.81 |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 678 |percentage = 0.48 |change = {{decrease}}0.26 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 201 |percentage = 0.14 |change = {{decrease}}1.31 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 141,859 |percentage = 83.16 |change = {{increase}}0.57 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 141,580}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 170,579 |ref = |change = {{increase}}2.74 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}4.02 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2018 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Sringeri <ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/6933-karnataka-2018/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election -2018 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=7 September 2021}}</ref><ref name=karCeoResults2018>{{cite web |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/GenELC_2018/ResultsACWise.PDF |title=Karnataka 2018 - Candidate-wise Votes Details |date=2018-05-16 |access-date=7 September 2021 |website=ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in |publisher=Chief Election Office - Karnataka}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[T. D. Rajegowda]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 62,780 |percentage = 45.81 |change = {{decrease}}4.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[D. N. Jeevaraj]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 60,791 |percentage = 44.36 |change = {{decrease}}8.62 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. G. Venkatesh |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 9,799 |percentage = 7.15 |change = {{increase}}3.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Praveen Khandya |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,294 |percentage = 0.94 |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,015 |percentage = 0.74 |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,989 |percentage = 1.45 |change = {{decrease}}1.68 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 137,128 |percentage = 82.59 |change = {{increase}}2.51 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 137,053}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 166,026 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.64 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}7.17 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2013 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Sringeri <ref>{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 : To the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |website=eci.nic.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=2014-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220034253/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[D. N. Jeevaraj]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 58,402 |percentage = 52.98 |change = {{increase}}12.62 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[T. D. Rajegowda]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 54,950 |percentage = 49.85 |change = {{increase}}11.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = T. C. Rajendra |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 3,941 |percentage = 3.58 |change = {{decrease}}10.38 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. V. Mahesh Kumar |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,018 |percentage = 0.92 |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,452 |percentage = 3.13 |change = {{increase}}1.05 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 120,178 |percentage = 80.08 |change = {{increase}}3.51 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 110,237}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 150,064 |ref = |change = {{increase}}6.16 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}12.62 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Sringeri <ref>{{cite web |title=General Election Karnataka Legislative Assembly 2008 Election Statistics |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous20Elections/Election20Statistics20200820Final.pdf |publisher=Government of Karnataka |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201232433/https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous20Elections/Election20Statistics20200820Final.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[D. N. Jeevaraj]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 43,646 |percentage = 40.36 |change = {{decrease}}5.61 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[D. B. Chandregowda]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 41,396 |percentage = 38.28 |change = {{increase}}10.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rajendra. H. T |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 15,095 |percentage = 13.96 |change = {{decrease}}4.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ravishankar. M. R |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 4,758 |percentage = 4.40 |change = {{decrease}}1.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. C. Prakash |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,773 |percentage = 1.64 |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shree Prasad. B. M |party = Rashtriya Hindustan Sena Karnataka |votes = 842 |percentage = 0.78 |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,250 |percentage = 2.08 |change = {{decrease}}15.64 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 108,237 |percentage = 76.57 |change = {{increase}}1.61 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 108,145}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 141,356 |ref = |change = {{increase}}2.96 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}5.61 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Sringeri <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006204912/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[D. N. Jeevaraj]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 47,263 |percentage = 45.97 |change = {{decrease}}0.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[D. B. Chandregowda]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 29,042 |percentage = 28.25 |change = {{decrease}}22.82 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rajendra. H. T |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 18,951 |percentage = 18.43 |change = {{increase}}16.12 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. M. Gopala |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 6,134 |percentage = 5.97 |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramananda. K. G |party = Kannada Nadu Party |votes = 1,422 |percentage = 1.38 |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 18,221 |percentage = 17.72 |change = {{increase}}12.71 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 102,915 |percentage = 74.96 |change = {{increase}}3.74 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 102,812}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 137,293 |ref = |change = {{increase}}4.70 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}5.10 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Sringeri <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006053217/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[D. B. Chandregowda]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 46,579 |percentage = 51.07 |change = {{increase}}29.91 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[D. N. Jeevaraj]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 42,008 |percentage = 46.05 |change = {{increase}}14.24 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kolale Redrappa |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 2,106 |percentage = 2.31 |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,571 |percentage = 5.01 |change = {{decrease}}4.16 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 93,398 |percentage = 71.22 |change = {{decrease}}0.62 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 91,215}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 2,096 |percentage = 2.24 |change = {{increase}}1.03 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 131,132 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.97 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Dal |swing = {{increase}}10.09 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1994 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Sringeri <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006211324/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = H. G. Govinde Gowda |party = Janata Dal |votes = 35,991 |percentage = 40.98 |change = {{increase}}13.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[D. N. Jeevaraj]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 27,939 |percentage = 31.81 |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = U. K. Shamanna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 18,581 |percentage = 21.16 |change = {{decrease}}23.20 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. G. Chidambar |party = Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee |votes = 4,498 |percentage = 5.12 |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,052 |percentage = 9.17 |change = {{decrease}}7.40 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 88,898 |percentage = 71.84 |change = {{decrease}}2.67 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 87,823}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,075 |percentage = 1.21 |change = {{decrease}}3.20 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 123,746 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.91 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Dal |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}3.38 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1989 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Sringeri <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical20Report20karnataka201989.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007070737/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical20Report20karnataka201989.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = U. K. Shamanna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 36,912 |percentage = 44.36 |change = {{decrease}}1.80 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. G. Govinde Gowda |party = Janata Dal |votes = 23,122 |percentage = 27.79 |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = T. Prakash |party = Janata Party |votes = 8,731 |percentage = 10.49 |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. V. Ramappaiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 7,094 |percentage = 8.52 |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. L. Xavier |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 6,564 |percentage = 7.89 |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,790 |percentage = 16.57 |change = {{increase}}16.44 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 87,058 |percentage = 74.51 |change = {{increase}}0.84 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 83,215}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 3,843 |percentage = 4.41 |change = {{increase}}3.41 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 116,846 |ref = |change = {{increase}}29.20 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}1.92 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Sringeri <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical20Report20Karnataka201985.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006143216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical20Report20Karnataka201985.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = N. P. Govinda Gowda |party = Janata Party |votes = 30,529 |percentage = 46.28 |change = {{decrease}}8.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = U. K. Shamanna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 30,446 |percentage = 46.16 |change = {{increase}}2.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = A. M. Srikantagowda |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 3,827 |percentage = 5.80 |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. K. Dayananda |party = Independent politician |votes = 579 |percentage = 0.88 |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 83 |percentage = 0.13 |change = {{decrease}}10.56 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 66,625 |percentage = 73.67 |change = {{increase}}6.35 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 65,959}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 666 |percentage = 1.00 |change = {{decrease}}0.34 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 90,441 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.49 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}8.39 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Sringeri <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical20Report20198320karnatkaa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124742/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical20Report20198320karnatkaa.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = H. G. Govinde Gowda |party = Janata Party |votes = 30,270 |percentage = 54.67 |change = {{increase}}19.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Ramaiah Begane |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 24,349 |percentage = 43.97 |change = {{increase}}39.07 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. B. Prabhakara |party = Independent politician |votes = 579 |percentage = 1.05 |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,921 |percentage = 10.69 |change = {{decrease}}13.88 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 56,123 |percentage = 67.32 |change = {{decrease}}10.90 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 55,373}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 750 |percentage = 1.34 |change = {{decrease}}0.48 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 83,366 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.35 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{decrease}}5.17 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Sringeri <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical20Report20Karnataka201978.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007164123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical20Report20Karnataka201978.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = B. Ramaiah |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 34,716 |percentage = 59.84 |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. V. Srikanta Bhatta |party = Janata Party |votes = 20,458 |percentage = 35.26 |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. N. Veerappa Gowda |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 2,845 |percentage = 4.90 |change = {{decrease}}52.08 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 14,258 |percentage = 24.57 |change = {{decrease}}9.83 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 59,092 |percentage = 78.22 |change = {{increase}}7.60 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 58,019}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,073 |percentage = 1.82 |change = {{increase}}1.82 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 75,545 |ref = |change = {{increase}}14.67 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}2.86 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Sringeri <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006074555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = K. N. Veerappa Gowda |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 25,807 |percentage = 56.98 |change = {{increase}}12.85 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. V. Srikanta Bhatta |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 10,226 |percentage = 22.58 |change = {{decrease}}16.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dyananda Ramappa Kalle |party = Samyukta Socialist Party |votes = 9,261 |percentage = 20.45 |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 15,581 |percentage = 34.40 |change = {{increase}}29.30 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 46,524 |percentage = 70.62 |change = {{increase}}10.21 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 45,294}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 65,883 |ref = |change = {{increase}}27.28 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}12.85 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Sringeri <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical20Report20Mysore201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006083645/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical20Report20Mysore201967.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = K. N. Veerappa Gowda |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 12,509 |percentage = 44.13 |change = {{decrease}}26.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. V. S. Bhatta |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 11,062 |percentage = 39.02 |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. M. Bhide |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,776 |percentage = 16.85 |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,447 |percentage = 5.10 |change = {{decrease}}38.17 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 31,269 |percentage = 60.41 |change = {{decrease}}1.98 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 28,347}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 51,763 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}12.72 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}26.36 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Sringeri <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006093153/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Kadidal Manjappa]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 24,824 |percentage = 70.49 |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. P. Govinda Gowda |party = Independent politician |votes = 9,587 |percentage = 27.22 |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. P. Ganapathi Prabhu |party = Independent politician |votes = 805 |percentage = 2.29 |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 15,237 |percentage = 43.27 |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 37,002 |percentage = 62.39 |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 35,216}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 59,304 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1957 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Sringeri <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111195053/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link |candidate = [[Kadidal Manjappa]] |party = Indian National Congress |percentage = |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 45,179 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
* [[Chikkamagaluru district]]
* [[List of constituencies of Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Karnataka}}
{{coords|13.42|75.26|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Chikmagalur district]]
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1956]]
[[Category:1956 establishments in Mysore State]]

Yajnavalkya Ashram

2026-05-06T20:58:09Z

SilasCorrie: Creating new pg first draft

{{Short description|Gurukul}}
{{Infobox monastery
| name = Yajnavalkya Ashram
| native_name = याज्ञवल्क्य आश्रम
| established = 8th Century - 7th Century BCE
| dedication = [[Veda]], [[Yajnavalkya Smriti]], [[Shukla Yajurveda]], Brahm Vidya, [[Brihadaranyaka Upanishad]], Shatapath Brahmana
| founder = [[Yajnavalkya]]
| location = [[Jagban]], [[Madhubani district]], [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]]
| country = [[India]]
| style = [[Hinduism]]
| other_info =
| image = Yajnavalkya and Janaka.jpg
| caption = Yajnavalkya teaches [[Brahman|Brahma Vidya]] to King [[Janaka]]
| celebration = [[Yajnavalkya Jayanti]] - Phalgun Shukla Panchmi
| coordinates = {{Coord|26.3669460|N|85.8372388|E}}
}}'''Yajnavalkya Ashram''' (Sanskrit : '''याज्ञवल्क्य आश्रम''') was a gurukul of the Indian philosopher [[Yajnavalkya]]. It is believed that Yajnavalkya got his enlightenment here. It is the place where he wrote many texts of Ancient Indian philosophy.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tripathi|first=Ram Pratap|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hdkmW6DwGxwC|title=Upanishadon Ki Kahaniyan|date=September 2010|publisher=Lokbharti Prakashan|isbn=978-81-8031-495-7|language=hi}}</ref> He wrote [[Shatapatha Brahmana|Shatapatha Brahman]], [[Yājñavalkya Smṛti|Yajnavalkya Smriti]], [[Brihadaranyaka Upanishad]], [[Yoga Yajnavalkya]] and many more.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-11-19|title=Sage Yajnavalkya of Mithila|url=https://www.sanskritimagazine.com/gurus/sage-yajnavalkya-mithila/|access-date=2021-11-19|website=Sanskriti - Hinduism and Indian Culture Website|language=en-US}}</ref> Yajnavalkya Ashram is situated at [[Jagban]] village of [[Madhubani district]] in [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]] region of [[Bihar]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Chaudhary P. C. Roy|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.206891|title=Bihar District Gazetteers Darbhanga|date=1964}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Yajnavalkya Story along with a brief on Yajnavalkya Smriti – Pakka Patriot|url=https://www.pakkapatriot.com/yajnavalkya-story-along-with-a-brief-on-yajnavalkya-smriti/|access-date=2021-11-19|language=en-us}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=कमला की संतानें पद्म से वंचित क्यों?|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/opinion/521980|access-date=2021-11-19|website=Prabhat Khabar - Hindi News|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ये है नेपाल के जनकपुर का ऐतिहासिक महत्व, प्रधानमंत्री की यात्रा से फिर आया चर्चा में|url=https://www.amarujala.com/india-news/historical-importance-of-janakpur-in-nepal-the-appearance-place-of-goddess-devi-sita|access-date=2021-11-19|website=Amar Ujala|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-02-26|title=Yagyavalakya Jayanti : महर्षि याज्ञवल्क्य ने लिखी थीं शुक्ल यजुर्वेद संहिता शतपथ ब्राह्मण|url=https://www.naidunia.com/spiritual/kehte-hain-yagyavalakya-jayanti-know-about-hindu-sage-yagyavalakya-who-wrote-shukla-yajurveda-samhita-shatapatha-brahmin-5366655|access-date=2021-11-19|website=Nai Dunia|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=याज्ञवल्क्य आश्रम के विकास का होगा प्रयास|url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/madhubani-10223357.html|access-date=2021-11-19|website=Dainik Jagran|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-02|title=महर्षि ने कराया दो राजवंशों का मिलन - अहो!अयोध्या|url=https://www.loknitikendra.com/महर्षि-ने-कराया-दो-राजवंश-pragya/|access-date=2021-11-19|website=Lokniti Kendra|language=en-US}}</ref>
[[File:Yajnavalkya - Special Cover released by India Post, 2018.jpg|thumb|Special cover depicting the Vedic sage Yajnavalkya teaching his disciples at his ashram. It was released by the [[India Post]] at [[Chamarajpet|Chamrajpet]] in 2018.]]

== Description ==
[[File:Imagery of Sage Yagnavalkya.JPG|thumb|The photo is depicting a symbolic image of the Vedic sage Yajnavalkya meditating under a [[Banyan]] tree to Lord Suryanarayana. It is an imagery of the Sage Yagnavalkya kept at Buddinni village in Karnataka. (Symbolic depiction of Yajnavalkya Ashram)]]
It believed that the [[Apabhraṃśa|apabhramsha]] of Yajnavalkya is also Jago Rishi (जागो ऋषि ). Jagban is the association of two words Jag (जग) and Van (वन ). Yajnavalkya performed his tough penance to the Lord [[Sun]] ([[Surya|Surya Narayan]]) for the enlightenment of his forgotten knowledge of [[Yajurveda]] for many days here. The Lord Sun became pleased with the tough penance of Yajnavalkya. He appeared to him in the form of enormous light energy and enlightened Yajnavalkya with the lost knowledge of Yajurveda by the help of the Goddess [[Saraswati|Sarswati]]. It is believed that the Goddess Sarswati entered in the body of Yajnavalkya in the form of energy to enlighten him with the knowledge of [[Yajurveda]]. After that, Yajnavalkya wrote [[Shukla Yajurveda]] and taught it to his disciples. In the ancient [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]], the pupils of [[Yajnavalkya]] came here to study with him.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2014-07-09|title=Sage Yajnavalkya|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/religion/sage-yajnavalkya/article6193884.ece|access-date=2021-11-19|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=याज्ञवल्क्य जयंती आज : जानें ज्ञानियों के ज्ञानी महर्षि याज्ञवल्क्य के बारे में|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/astrology/story-yagyavalakya-jayanti-know-about-hindu-sage-yajnavalkya-yagyavalakya-3048529.html|access-date=2021-11-23|website=Hindustan|language=hindi}}</ref> [[Janaka]], the king of Mithila, came here to study [[Brahmavidya|Brahma Vidya]] with Yajnavalkya. [[Brahmavidya|Brahma Vidya]] is the study of [[Ātman (Hinduism)|Atman]] (self or soul) and God ([[Brahman]]).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-06-07|title=Yajnavalkya & Janaka|url=https://satyameva.org/yajnavalkya-janaka/|access-date=2021-11-19|website=Satyameva|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-11-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119190657/https://satyameva.org/yajnavalkya-janaka/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2014-08-15|title=Raja rishi Janaka|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/religion/raja-rishi-janaka/article6321708.ece|access-date=2021-11-25|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The [[Kuru kingdom|Kuru]] King [[Janamejaya]] sent his son cum successor ''Satanika'' to Yajnavalkya for studying [[Vedas]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Śrīvāstava |first=Śailendra |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Licchaviyo%E1%B9%83_k%C4%81_utth%C4%81na_eva%E1%B9%83_patana.html?id=eW1DAAAAYAAJ#%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%20%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95 |title=Licchaviyoṃ kā utthāna evaṃ patana, 600 Ī. Pū.-781 Ī |date=1984 |publisher=Prakāśana Saṃsthāna |pages=30 |language=hi}}</ref> Yajnavalkya Ashram was always open to the poor and needy for help and succour. Once there was a famine in the Himalayan valley and [[Yajnavalkya]] gave 200 ounces of gold to his disciple Brahmadutta to buy grains and other necessities and to take physicians with him to the affected area and render help. It was the important centre for study ancient [[Indian philosophy|Indian Philosophy]] at the [[Ancient Mithila University]]. [[Yajnavalkya]] became the head of the philosophical Vidya Parishad of the Ancient Mithila University.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nalapat |first=Dr Suvarna |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oO-vDQAAQBAJ&q=Yajnavalkya+as+head+of+the+Parishad+of+Mithila |title=Education in Ancient India: Valabhi and Nalanda Universities |date=2012-12-15 |publisher=D C Books |isbn=978-93-81699-13-3 |language=en}}</ref> It is an important place for tourism of [[Hindu pilgrimage sites|Hindu pilgrims]] but it is neglected by the local government.<ref>{{Cite web |last=S.Srinivas |date=2019-08-06 |title=Yajnavalkya, Father of Hindu Philosophy |url=https://ithihas.wordpress.com/2019/08/06/yajnavalkya-father-of-hindu-philosophy/ |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=Ithihas |language=en}}</ref> This place is associated with the places in [[Ramayana]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=shriramvanyatra|date=2019-04-09|title=1-23 गौतम आश्रम अहियारी दरभंगा बिहार|url=https://www.shriramvanyatra.org/1-23-ahilya-ahsram-ahiyari-darbhanga/|access-date=2021-11-19|website=Shri Ram Sanskritik Shodh Sansthan Nyas|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=History {{!}} District Madhubani, Government Of Bihar {{!}} India|url=https://madhubani.nic.in/history/|access-date=2021-11-19|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=याज्ञवल्क्य आश्रम के विकास की जरूरत|url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/madhubani-8948481.html|access-date=2021-11-19|website=Dainik Jagran|language=hi}}</ref>

== An Ancient Giant Banyan Tree ==
In this Ashram there is an very ancient giant [[Banyan]] (Bargad) tree spread in two [[acre]]s of land. It is believed that this ancient wonderful tree has relation with the Vedic sage [[Yajnavalkya]]. According to the local peoples of the village, there are many interesting stories related to the tree. It has been included as ''Saving the Guardian of Mithila''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=नई पीढ़ी पढ़ेगी पेड़ों की कहानी|url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/madhubani-tree-story-to-be-tell-to-young-19683013.html|access-date=2021-11-22|website=Dainik Jagran|language=hi}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=जंगल की शक्ल ले चुके ये प्राचीन बरगद के पेड़, इन्हें देखकर हैरत में पड़ जाएंगे आप|url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/muzaffarpur-these-ancient-banyan-trees-taken-shapes-like-forest-you-will-be-surprised-to-see-them-19460514.html|access-date=2021-11-22|website=Dainik Jagran|language=hi}}</ref> There is a forest-like feel around the nearly 700-year-old Banyan trees with dozens of branches. According to legend, the sound of Vedic chants resounded in early times.<ref name=":2" /> There is a temple dedicated to the sage Yajnavalkya in the campus. Its name is mentioned on the temple as ''Shree Yogeshwar Yajnavalkya Mandir''. The locality of the ashram is mentioned as ''Yajnavalkya Nagar,'' on the temple.<ref>{{Cite news |title=बिहार में रहते थे राजा जनक के पुरोहित, शास्त्रार्थ में थे सबसे बड़े ज्ञानी |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/dharm/rishi-yagyavalkya-settled-here-priest-of-king-janak-know-interesting-things-related-to-the-sage-8312276.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240803160639/https://hindi.news18.com/news/dharm/rishi-yagyavalkya-settled-here-priest-of-king-janak-know-interesting-things-related-to-the-sage-8312276.html |archive-date=2024-08-03 |access-date=2026-02-21 |work=News18 हिंदी |language=hi-IN}}</ref>

== Yajnavalkya Mahotsava ==
Every year on the birth anniversary of the Vedic sage [[Yajnavalkya]], one day cultural program is organised in the campus of the Ashram locally known as ''Yajnavalkya Mahotsava''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=याज्ञवल्क्य आश्रम के विकास की जरूरत - |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/madhubani-8948481.html |access-date=2024-04-13 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> The birth anniversary of Yajnavalkya is also called as ''[[Yajnavalkya Jayanti]].'' The prominent people of the [[Mithila (region)|Mithila region]] take part in the Mahotsava. They impart speeches in the memory of the sage Yajnavalkya. The contributions of Yajnavalkya in [[Vedic tradition]] and philosophies are remembered and discussed in the cultural program of the Mahotsava.<ref>{{Cite web |title=‘वैदिक काल के महान दार्शनिक और ज्ञाता थे महर्षि याज्ञवल्क्य |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/madhubani/story-maharishi-yajnavalkya-was-a-great-philosopher-and-knower-of-the-vedic-period-7817667.html |access-date=2024-04-13 |website=Hindustan |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=याज्ञवल्क्य आश्रम के विकास का होगा प्रयास - |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/madhubani-10223357.html |access-date=2024-04-13 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref>

== Pranapratishtha Samaroh (2015) ==
In the year 2015, an idol of Yajnavalkya was installed at the temple in the campus of the ashram. The consecration ceremony for the statue of Yagyavalkya Muni was performed on 23 February 2015 amid [[Vedic chant|Vedic chanting]]. On that day, a ''Kalash Shobha Yatra'' (procession) was taken out by 205 ''Kumari Kanyas'' (unmarried girls). The ''Pranapratishtha'' (consecration) ritual was conducted by ''Pandit Tirtharaj'', a resident of [[Karnataka]] state in India. The rituals was conducted in the presence of the ''Peethadhishwar'' ''Mahavir Sharan Das Ji'' from the [[Gautam Ashram]]. He also addressed the devotees gathered on the occasion of the pranapratishtha and delivered a speech on the life of the sage Yajnavalkya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=महान ऋषि, ब्रह्म ज्ञानी थे याज्ञवल्क्य - null |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/madhubani-12109428.html |access-date=2026-02-21 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Indian philosophy]]
[[Category:Ashramas]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Bihar]]
[[Category:Hindu educational institutions]]
[[Category:Sanskrit and Vedic learning in Mithila]]

Rubab (instrument)

2026-05-03T22:22:51Z

SilasCorrie: Made Initial Entry From Scratch

{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Short description|Central Asian musical instrument}}
{{About|the Central Asian plucked instrument otherwise known as the "Kabuli rebab"|the bowed instrument|Rebab|the north Indian "Seni rebab"|Seni rebab}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox Instrument
| name = Rubab
| names = Rabab
| image = Rubab.jpg
| classification = [[Stringed instruments]]
| hornbostel_sachs = [[List of musical instruments by Hornbostel–Sachs number: 321.321|321.321-6]]
| hornbostel_sachs_desc = [[Necked bowl lutes]]
| range =
| related = [[Arbajo]], [[dotara]], [[dranyen]], [[Pamiri rubab]], [[seni rebab]], [[sarod]], [[tungna]], [[dutar]], [[tanbur]]
}}
{{Infobox intangible heritage
| Image =
| Caption =
| ICH = Art of crafting and playing rubab/rabab
| Countries = Afghanistan, India, Iran, Pakistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan
| ID = 02143
| Region = APA
| Year = 2024
| Session = 19th
| List = Representative}}

The '''rubab''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|r|ʊ|ˈ|b|æ|b}}, {{IPAc-en|US|r|ʊ|ˈ|b|ɑː|b}}) or '''robab'''{{efn|[[Pashto]] and {{langx|fa|رباب}}; {{langx|pa|ਰਬਾਬ/{{nq|رباب}}}} {{translit|pa|rabāb}}; {{langx|ks|رَبابہٕ}}; {{langx|sd|{{nq|رَبابُ}}/रबाबु}}; [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]] and {{langx|tr|rübab}}; [[Tajik language|Tajik]] and {{langx|uz|рубоб/rubob}}; {{langx|ug|راۋاب/rawap}}}} is a [[lute]]-like musical instrument<ref name="Courtney">David Courtney, 'Rabab', [http://chandrakantha.com/articles/indian_music/rabab.html Chandra & David's Homepage]</ref> of [[Central Asia]]n origin. It is the national musical instrument of [[Afghanistan]] and is also commonly played in [[India]] and [[Pakistan]], mostly by [[Baloch people|Balochis]] and [[Kashmiri people|Kashmiris]],<ref>{{cite book|title=The Wide World Magazine: An Illustrated Monthly of True Narrative, Adventure, Travel, Customs and Sport ...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=exE6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA15|year=1905|publisher=A. Newnes, Limited|pages=15–}}</ref> and [[Punjabi people|Punjabis]].

Variants of the rubab include the ''Kabuli rebab'' of Afghanistan, the [[Uyghurs|Uyghur]] ''[[rawap]]'' of [[Xinjiang]], the ''[[Pamiri rubab]]'' of [[Tajikistan]], and the [[North India]]n ''[[seni rebab]]''.<ref name="Vathsala2016" /> The instrument and its variants spread throughout West, Central, [[South Asia|South]] and [[Southeast Asia|Southeast]] Asia.<ref name="Miner2004">{{cite book|last=Miner|first=Allyn|title=Sitar and Sarod in the 18th and 19th Centuries|url=https://archive.org/details/sitarsarodin18th00mine|url-access=registration|year=2004|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publications|language=en|isbn=9788120814936|page=[https://archive.org/details/sitarsarodin18th00mine/page/61 61]}}</ref>

The Kabuli rebab from [[Afghanistan]]<ref name="Courtney" /> derives its name from the [[Arabic]] ''[[rebab]]'' and is played with a [[bow (music)|bow]] while in Central Asia and the [[Indian subcontinent]], the instrument is plucked and is distinctly different in construction.<ref name="Vathsala2016" />

==Size variants==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+
!English
!Strings
!Pashto
!Persian
!In [[inch]]es
|-
|Small
|5 [[sympathetic string]]s
|وړوکی رباب
Warukay rabab
|زيلچه
''Zaliche''
|27
|-
|Medium
|19 strings, 13 sympathetic strings
|منځنۍ) رباب)
(Mianzanai) rabab
|رباب
Rubab
|28
|-
|Large
|21 strings, 15 sympathetic strings
|لوی رباب
Loy rabab
|شاه‌رباب (king size)
Shah rabab
|30
|}

==Components==
{{multiple image|caption_align=center
|header_align=center
|header=Historical instruments
| align = right
| image1 = 13th century rubab from ceramic plate, Rayy ( Iran ) ca 1200 CE.jpg
| width1 = 140
| alt1 = Iranian rubab image on ceramic plate
| caption1 = Iranian style rubab from the 13th century C.E., found in Rayy (near Tehran, Iran)

|image2 = Karnati ragini-Women playing veena and seni rabab,1680-1700.png
| width2 = 150
| alt2 = Women playing veena and seni rebab
| caption2 =Woman playing the [[seni rebab]] in [[Medieval India]], 1680–1700

|image3 = Man playing Lyre from Yusufzai Gandhara.jpg
| width3 = 116
| alt3 = Siddhartha playing the lute, sculpture
| caption3 =[[Kushan Empire]], 1st to 3rd century. Lute or vina, from the [[Yusufzai]] district near [[Peshawar]]. [[Greco-Buddhist art|Greco Buddhist]] ([[Gandhara]] School). Resembles rubab, [[sarod]] and [[tungna]].

|image4 = Mongolian lute, circa 1279-1368, Tomb of Wang Qing.jpg
|width4 = 140
|alt4= Painting of rubab found in Mongolian grave in China
|caption4=Mongolian lute, circa 1297, tomb of Wang Qing, China
}}

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!English
!Pashto
!Persian
|-
|[[Headstock]]
|تاج
Tāj
|سرپنجه or تاج
"Tāj" or "Sar Penjah"
|-
|[[tuning mechanisms for stringed instruments|Tuning peg]]
|غوږي
Ghwagi/Ghwazhi
|گوشی‌
Goshi/Gushi
|-
|[[nut (string instrument)|Nut]]
|?
|شیطانک
Sheitanak
|-
|[[neck (music)|Neck]]
|غړۍ
Gharai
|دسته
Dastah
|-
|[[String (music)|Strings]]
|تارونه
Tāruna
|تار
Tār
|-
|[[Drone string|Long/Low drones]]
|شاتار
Shātār
|شاهتار
Shahtar
|-
|[[Drone (music)|Short/High drones]]
|?
|?
|-
|[[Sympathetic string]]s
|بچي
Bachi
|?
|-
|[[Fret]]s
|پرده
Pardah
|پرده
Pardah
|-
|Chest
|سينه
Sinah
|سینه
Sinah
|-
|Side
|?
|صفحه
Safhah
|-
|Skin belly
|ګوډی or څرمن
"Tsarman" or "Goday"
|پوست
Pust
|-
|[[drumhead|Head]] or Chamber
|ډول
Dol
|کاسه
Kasah
|-
|[[bridge (instrument)|Bridge]]
|ټټو
Tatu
|خرک
Kharak
|-
|[[tailpiece]]
|?
|سیم‌گیر
Seemgeer
|-
|[[Plectrum]]
|شاباز
Shabaz
|مضراب
Mezrab
|}
In detail about the strings:
{| class="wikitable"
!'''English'''
!'''Explanation'''
!'''Pashto'''
!'''Persian'''
|-
|Strings
|Main strings: 3 and made out of nylon
Long Drone: 2-3 and made out of steel

Short Drone: 2 and made out of steel
|تارونه
Tāruna
|تار
Tār
|-
|First/Low/Bass String
|Low/Bass String is the thickest string
|کټی
Katay
|?
|-
|Second String
|Thinner than bass string and thicker than high string
|بم
Bam
|بم
Bam
|-
|Third/High String
|The thinnest string out of all the three main strings
|زېر
Zer
|زیر
Zir
|}

==Construction==
[[File:Stamps of Azerbaijan, 2011-983.jpg|thumbnail|2011 postal stamp of [[Azerbaijan]] depicting a 19th-century rubab]]
The body is carved out of a single piece of wood, with a head covering a hollow bowl which provides the sound-chamber. The bridge sits on the skin and is held in position by the tension of the strings. It has three melody strings tuned in [[Perfect fourth|fourths]], two or three [[drone string]]s and up to 15 [[sympathetic strings]]. The instrument is made from the trunk of a [[mulberry]] tree, the head from an animal skin such as goat, and the strings from the intestines of young goats (gut) or [[nylon]].

==History==
{{See also|Lute#History and evolution of the lute|History of lute-family instruments#Gambus and rabâb, skin tops plucked and bowed, rebab, rubab rabâb, robab}}

The earliest historical record of an instrument named ''rabab'' dates back to 10th-century Arabic texts, as identified by [[Henry George Farmer]]. This instrument, along with its variations like ''rubab'', ''rebab'', and ''rabob'', subsequently gained popularity in various regions of West, Central, South, and Southeast Asia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Miner |first=Allyn |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4nPHTCS8vfUC |title=Sitar and Sarod in the 18th and 19th Centuries |date=2018 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. |isbn=978-81-208-1493-6 |pages=61 |language=en}}</ref> It is mentioned in old [[Persian literature|Persian]] books, and many [[Sufi]] poets mention it in their poems. It is the traditional instrument of [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]] present Afghanistan and is widely used in countries such as [[Pakistan]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Iran]], [[Turkey]], [[Iraq]], [[Tajikistan]], and [[Uzbekistan]], as well as in the [[Xinjiang]] province of northwest China and the [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] and [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] regions of [[North India|northwest India]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nadsadhna.com/pages/indianmusic/IndianInstruments.asp?About=Rabab |title=Indian Music : Indian Instruments |access-date=2017-10-23 |archive-date=2017-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024042822/http://www.nadsadhna.com/pages/indianmusic/IndianInstruments.asp?About=Rabab |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The ''rubab'' is known as "the lion of instruments" and is one of the two national instruments of Afghanistan (with the ''[[zerbaghali]]'').<ref name="Vathsala2016"/> Classical Afghan music often features this instrument as a key component. Elsewhere it is known as the ''Kabuli rebab'' in contrast to the ''[[Seni rebab]]'' of [[India]].<ref name="Vathsala2016"/> In appearance, the Kabuli rubab looks slightly different from the Indian rubab.<ref name="Kak1982">{{cite book|last=Kak|first=Siddharth |title=Cinema Vision India, Volume 2|year=1982|publisher=Siddharth Kak|language=en |page=25|quote=The rubab of Kabul is very similar to the sarod. The Indian rubab looks different. The sarod is a blend of these two rubabs.}}</ref> It is the ancestor of the north Indian ''[[sarod]]'', although unlike the sarod, it is [[fret]]ted.<ref>{{cite web|author=Simon Broughton|url=http://www.sarod.com/sarod/default.htm|title=Tools of the Trade: Sarod|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061118162205/http://www.sarod.com/sarod/default.htm |archive-date=2006-11-18|work=Songlines-The World Music Magazine}}</ref>

The rubab was the first instrument used in [[Sikhism]]; it was used by [[Bhai Mardana]], companion of the first guru, [[Guru Nanak]]. Whenever a [[shabad (hymn)|''shabad'']] was revealed to Guru Nanak he would sing and Bhai Mardana would play on his rubab; he was known as a rababi. The rubab playing tradition is carried on by Sikhs such as [[Namdharis]].

In 2024, [[UNESCO]] recognised the art of creating the rubab as an [[Intangible cultural heritage]] in Afghanistan, Iran, [[Tajikistan]] and [[Uzbekistan]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 December 2024 |title=UNESCO-listed musical instrument stifled in Afghanistan |work=France 24 |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20241229-unesco-listed-musical-instrument-stifled-in-afghanistan |access-date=29 December 2024}}</ref>

<gallery>
File:Beaker fragment with musicians - Iran - late 12th or early 13th century - Gulbenkian museum - Inv. 999.jpg|Late 12th-early 13th century, Iran. Musicians with ney, rubab and daf.
File:Rubab late 12th or early 13th century AD.jpg|Late 12th-early 13th century A.D., Iran. Musician playing rubab.
File:A Youthful Musician, Persia, Safavid, Isfahan or Khurasan, late 16th century.jpg|Young man with Iranian rubab, 16th century, [[Safavid Iran|Safavid Empire.]] 8-shaped body resembles a [[Tar (string instrument)|tar]], but tars have both sides of the 8 covered with hide. Rubabs had a lower section covered with hide, and an upper hollow section covered with wood.
File:Musician with rabab, photo by Maurice Pezard from the book Ceramique Archaique de L'Islam, page 138, cropped.jpg|Iraq or Egypt. [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasid]] era rubab, painted on the inside of a bowl, 10th century CE. Appears to be spike lute (the neck inserted into the body, beneath the soundboard. The instrument has two strings.
</gallery>

==Variants==
[[File:Photograph of rabab players (rababis) titled 'Lute Players Near the Golden Temple', taken on 28 January 1903.jpg|thumb|Photograph of rabab players ([[rababi]]s) titled 'Lute Players Near the [[Golden Temple]]', taken on 28 January 1903]]
In [[northern India]], the [[seni rebab]], which emerged during the [[Mughal Empire]], has "a large hook at the back of its head, making it easier for a musician to sling it over the shoulder and play it even while walking."<ref name="Vathsala2016">{{cite web |title=The roar of Afghan's 'lion of instruments' |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/539453/roar-afghans-lion-instruments.html |publisher=[[Deccan Herald]] |access-date=16 August 2021 |language=English |date=10 April 2016}}</ref>

The [[Sikh Empire|Sikh]] rabab was traditionally a local Punjabi variant known as the 'Firandia' rabab ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]: ਫਿਰੰਦੀਆ ਰਬਾਬ ''Phiradī'ā rabāba''),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rabab |url=https://www.sikhmusicalheritage.com/rabab |access-date=2022-08-18 |website=Sikh Musical Heritage - The Untold Story |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Raj Academy {{!}} Rabab |url=https://rajacademy.com/instruments/rabab |access-date=2022-08-18 |website=Raj Academy |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rabab |url=https://www.sikhsaaj.com/rabab.html |access-date=2022-08-18 |website=SIKH SAAJ |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sikh Instruments-The Rabab |url=http://www.oxfordsikhs.com/2021/09/sikh-instruments-rabab.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016221908/http://www.oxfordsikhs.com/2021/09/sikh-instruments-rabab.html |url-status=usurped |archive-date=October 16, 2021 |access-date=2022-08-18 |website=Oxford Sikhs |language=en}}</ref> however Baldeep Singh, an expert in the Sikh musical tradition, challenges this narrative.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Bharat Khanna|date=Nov 1, 2019 |title=Punjabi varsity's Firandia rabab helps revival of string instrument {{!}} Ludhiana News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ludhiana/punjabi-varsitys-firandia-rabab-helps-revival-of-string-instrument/articleshow/71851191.cms |access-date=2022-08-18 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Baldeep |date=2012-06-27 |title=Rabab goes shopping… |url=https://anadfoundation.org/2012/06/27/rabab-goes-shopping/ |access-date=2022-08-18 |website=The Anād Foundation |language=en}}</ref>

In Tajikistan a similar but somewhat distinct ''rubab-i-pamir'' ([[Pamiri rubab]]) is played, employing a shallower body and neck.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pastimes of Central Asians. A Musician Playing a Rubab, a Fretted Lute-like Instrument|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/10826|work=[[World Digital Library]]|access-date=14 May 2014}}</ref> The ''rubab'' of the [[Great Pamir|Pamir]] area has six gut strings, one of which, rather than running from the head to the bridge, is attached partway down the neck, similar to the fifth string of the American [[banjo]].<ref>[http://www.iis.ac.uk/view_article.asp?ContentID=106106 Music and Poetry from the Pamir Mountains Musical Instruments], The Institute of Ismaili Studies.</ref>

==Notable players==
* [[Bhai Mardana]], companion of Guru Nanak and one of the first Sikhs (1459 - 1534)
* [[Mohammad Omar (musician)|Ustad Mohammed Omar]] (1905–1980), Rabab player From [[Kabul]], Afghanistan
* Ustad Rahim Khushnawaz (1943–2011), Rabab Player From [[Herat]], Afghanistan
* Ustad [[Homayun Sakhi]], Rabab Player From Kabul, Afghanistan
* Ustad Ramin Saqizada, Rabab Player From Afghanistan
* Ustad Sadiq Sameer, Rabab Player, From Afghanistan
* Ustad Shahzaib Khan, Rabab Player From [[Nowshera District|Nowshera]]/[[Nokhar]], Pakistan
* Ustad Waqar Atal, Rabab Player, From [[Peshawar|Peshawer]], Pakistan
* Ustad Hamyuo sakhi, Rabab player, From Afghanistan
* [[John S. Baily]], emeritus Professor of [[Ethnomusicology]] at Goldsmiths, [[University of London]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Professor John Baily |url=https://www.gold.ac.uk/music/staff/baily/ |website=Goldsmiths, University of London}}</ref>
* Khaled Arman (b. 1965), Rabab Player and Guitarist From Kabul, Afghanistan <ref>{{cite web |title=Biography |url=http://khaledarman.com/biography.html |website=Khaled Arman}}</ref>
*Daud Khan Sadozai, Afghan Rubab and [[Sarod]] Player from Kabul Afghanistan <ref>{{Cite web|title=Biography|url=https://www.daud-khan.art/biography/|access-date=2021-05-19|website=www.daud-khan.art|language=en-US}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Rababi]]
* [[Rebab]]
* [[Rebec]]
* [[Sarod]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Rubab}}
*[https://m.youtube.com/watch?feature=youtu.be&v=_0XcR_aPRLU Video, rubab being played. Part of performance is slide rubab, like slide guitar.]
*[https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2021-07-04/musicians-faced-death-under-taliban-rule-they-may-be-silenced-once-more Existence of rubab threatened in modern Afghanistan.]
*[https://www.wsj.com/articles/taliban-afghanistan-national-institute-of-music-kabul-women-girls-zohra-carnegie-hall-kennedy-center-polar-music-prize-rubab-ashmed-naser-sarmest-11629308870 Will the Taliban Stop the Music in Afghanistan?]
* [http://farabisoft.com/Pages/FarabiSchool/InstrumentsDetails.aspx?lang=en&PID=4&SID=29 Farabi School ]
* [http://worldmusiccentral.org/artists/artist_page.php?id=1578 World Music Central - Ustad Mohammad Omar ]
* [http://www.amc.org.uk/education/articles/Music%20of%20the%20Uyghurs.htm Music of the Uyghurs]

{{Iranian musical instruments}}
{{Lute}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Azerbaijani musical instruments]]
[[Category:Persian musical instruments]]
[[Category:Afghan musical instruments]]
[[Category:Pakistani musical instruments]]
[[Category:Indian musical instruments]]
[[Category:Necked bowl lutes]]
[[Category:Drumhead lutes]]
[[Category:String instruments with sympathetic strings]]
[[Category:Iranian inventions]]
[[Category:Pashtun music]]

Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Actor

2026-04-30T11:14:54Z

SilasCorrie:

{{Short description|Indian film award}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox award
| name = Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Actor
| image = Amey Wagh (2018).jpg
| alt =
| caption = The 2024 recipient: [[Amey Wagh]] for ''[[Jaggu Ani Juliet]]''
| awarded_for = Best performance by an actor in a Marathi film
| firstawarded = 1962
| lastawarded = 2024
| reward = {{INR Convert|100000}}
| former name =
| holder_label = Most recent winner
| sponsor= [[Ministry of Cultural Affairs (Maharashtra)]]
| holder = [[Amey Wagh]]
| most_awards = [[Ashok Saraf]]
| award1_type = Total awarded
| award1_winner = 61
| award2_type = First winner
| award2_winner = [[Gajanan Jagirdar]]
| award3_type = Last winner
| award3_winner =
| website =
}}

The '''Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Actor''' is an award, begun in 1962, presented annually at the [[Maharashtra State Film Awards]] of India to an actor for best performance in a [[Marathi cinema]]. The awardees are decided by a jury constituted every year. They are announced by the Minister for Cultural Affairs and are presented by the [[List of Chief Ministers of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]. The inaugural award was named as "Shahu Modak Award for Best Actor" and was awarded to [[Gajanan Jagirdar]] for the film ''Shahir Parshuram''.

==Winners==
{{Multiple image
| total_width =
| direction = vertical
| image1 = Ashok Saraf.jpg
| alt1 =
| image2 = NiluPhuleSquare300px.jpg
| alt2 =
| footer = [[Ashok Saraf]] (top) and [[Nilu Phule]] (bottom) are the most frequent winners with Five and three awards respectively.
}}

{| class="wikitable" style="width:"
|- bgcolor="#bebebe"
! width="2%" | Year
! width="12%" | Photos of winners
! width="18%" | Recipient(s)
! width="48%" | Film
! width="2%" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| '''1962'''
|{{Border|[[File:Gajanan_Jagirdar.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Gajanan Jagirdar]]
| ''Shahir Parshuram''
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title= Cultural Profiles: Calcutta. Santiniketan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qkbRAAAAMAAJ | last1=Menon | first1=Rekha | date=12 February 1963 }}</ref>
|-
|'''1963'''
|{{Border|[[File:Arun Sarnaik in 1963.webp|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Arun Sarnaik]]
|''Rangalya Ratri Asha''
|<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Gallery |url=https://arunsarnaik.in/gallery/ |access-date=2025-08-17 |website=Arun Sarnaik |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|'''1964'''
|{{Dash}}
|[[Kashinath Ghanekar]]
|''[[Pathlaag]]''
|
|-
|'''1965'''
|{{Border|[[File:Arun Sarnaik in 1963.webp|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Arun Sarnaik]]
|''[[Sawaal Majha Aika!]]''
|<ref name=":3" />
|-
|'''1966'''
|{{Border|[[File: Suryakant Mandhare.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Suryakant Mandhare]]
|''[[Malhari Martand]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=ज्येष्ठ अभिनेते सूर्यकांत मांढरे – Marathisrushti Articles |url=https://www.marathisrushti.com/articles/veteran-actor-suryakant-mandhare/ |access-date=2025-08-18 |website=www.marathisrushti.com}}</ref>
|-
|'''1967'''
|{{Border|[[File: Chandrakant Gokhale.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Chandrakant Gokhale]]
|''Swapna Tech Lochani''
|
|-
|'''1968'''
|{{Border|[[File: Chandrakant Mandare.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Chandrakant Mandare]]
|''Khandobachi Aan''
|<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=अभिनेते चंद्रकांत मांडरे – profiles |url=https://www.marathisrushti.com/profiles/actor-chandrakant-mandare/ |access-date=2024-12-01 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|'''1969'''
|{{Border|[[File: Chandrakant Gokhale.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Chandrakant Gokhale]]
|''[[Dharmakanya]]''
|
|-
|'''1970'''
|{{Border|[[File:Arun Sarnaik in 1963.webp|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Arun Sarnaik]]
|''Dhakti Bahin''
|<ref name=":3" />
|-
| '''1971'''
|{{Border|[[File:SachinPilgaonkar.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Sachin Pilgaonkar]]
|''Ajab Tujhe Sarkar''
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mujawar |first=Isak |title=Gatha Marathi Cinemachi |publisher=Pratik Prakashan |year=2014 |edition=1st |location=Pune |language=Marathi}}</ref>
|-
|'''1972-73'''
|{{Spaced en dash}}
|[[Sharad Talwalkar]]
|''Jawai Vikat Ghene Aahe''
|
|-
|'''1974'''
|{{Border|[[File:NiluPhuleSquare300px.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Nilu Phule]]
|''Haath Lavin Titha Sona''
| style="text-align: center;" |
|-
| '''1975'''
|{{Border|[[File:NiluPhuleSquare300px.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Nilu Phule]]
|''[[Samna (film)|Samna]]''
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=2001-11-07 |title=The man behind the villain |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/pune-times/the-man-behind-the-villain/articleshow/302761540.cms?from=mdr |access-date= |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| '''1976'''
|{{Border|[[File:NiluPhuleSquare300px.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Nilu Phule]]
|''Choricha Mamla''
|-
|'''1977'''
|{{Dash}}
|Yashwant Datta
|''Daga''
|
|-
| '''1978'''
|{{Border|[[File: Sriram Lagoo.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Shreeram Lagoo]]
|''Devkinandan Gopala''
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| '''1979'''
|{{Border|[[File:Ashok Saraf.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Ashok Saraf]]
|''Baeel Veda''
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ashok Saraf |url=http://www.indiarocking.com/entertainment/ashok-saraf.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422184005/http://www.indiarocking.com/entertainment/ashok-saraf.php |archive-date=22 April 2016 }}</ref>
|-
|'''1980'''
|{{Dash}}
|Yashwant Datta
|''Sansar''
|<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=यशवंत दत्त (यशवंतसिंह महाडीक) – profiles |url=https://www.marathisrushti.com/profiles/yashwant-datta-yashwantsinha-mahadik/ |access-date=2024-12-01 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| '''1981'''
|{{Border|[[File:Amol Palekar - Kolkata 2016-02-04 0749.JPG|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Amol Palekar]]
|''Akrit''
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-05-09 |title=Amol Palekar's debut |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/did-you-know/Amol-Palekars-debut-/articleshow/13698397.cms |access-date=2024-02-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|'''1982'''
|{{Dash}}
|Yashwant Datta
|''[[Shapit]]''
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
|'''1983'''
|{{Border|[[File:Nana patekar.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Nana Patekar]]
|''Raghu Maina''
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name=":0" />
|-
|'''1984'''
|{{Border|[[File:Ashok Saraf.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Ashok Saraf]]
|''[[Bahurupi]]''
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|'''1985'''
|{{Border|[[File:Nana patekar.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Nana Patekar]]
|''Gad Jejuri Jejuri''
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite book |last=Deshpande |first=Rekha |title=Marathi Chitrapatsrushticha Samagra Itihas |publisher=[[Ministry of Cultural Affairs (Maharashtra)]] |year=2014 |edition=1st |location=Mumbai |language=Marathi}}</ref>
|-
|'''1986'''
|{{Spaced en dash}}
|[[Mohan Gokhale]]
|''Aaj Zale Mukt Mi''
|
|-
|'''1987'''
|{{Border|[[File: Ashok Saraf.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Ashok Saraf]]
|''Prem Karuya Khullam Khulla''
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
| '''1988'''
|{{Dash}}
|[[Laxmikant Berde]]
|''Gholat Ghol''
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| '''1989'''
|{{Border|[[File:Vikram Gokhale at the TV show launch.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Vikram Gokhale]]
|''[[Kalat Nakalat]]''
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|'''1990'''
|{{Dash}}
|Pramod Pawar
|''Aaghat''
|
|-
| '''1991'''
|{{Border|[[File:Dilip Prabhavalkar.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Dilip Prabhavalkar]]
|''[[Chaukat Raja]]''
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| '''1992'''
|{{Border|[[File:Ashok Saraf.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Ashok Saraf]]
|''Aapli Mansa''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |<ref name=":0" />
|-
| '''1993'''
|{{Border|[[File:Ashok Saraf.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Ashok Saraf]]
|''Vazir''
|-
|'''1994'''
|{{Dash}}
|[[Ravindra Mankani]]
|''Limited Manuski''
|
|-
| '''1995'''
|{{Dash}}
|Dilip Kulkarni
|''Aai''
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cinemas of India, Videos, Festival Participation & Awards, National Award, Regional Cinema, Independent Cinema, Art House Cinema, Jaya Ganga, Mirch Masala, Party, Salim Langde Pe Mat Ro |url=https://www.nfdcindia.com/cinemasofindia/home-video-02.htm |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=www.nfdcindia.com}}</ref>
|-
| '''1996'''
|{{Border|[[File:Mohan Joshi.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Mohan Joshi]]
|''Rao Saheb''
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| '''1997'''
|{{Dash}}
|Avinash Narkar
|''Paij Lagnachi''
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| '''1998'''
|{{Border|[[File:Dilip Prabhavalkar.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Dilip Prabhavalkar]]
|''Ratra Aarambh''
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| '''1999'''
|{{Border|[[File:Sachin Khedekar.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Sachin Khedekar]]
|''[[Gharabaher]]''
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|'''2000'''
|{{Border|[[File:Kishor kadam.jpg|130px|centre]]|style=solid|width=2px|color=grey}}
|[[Kishor Kadam]]
|''[[Dhyaas Parva]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |
|-
|'''2001'''
|{{Border|[[File:Shivaji Satam.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Shivaji Satam]]
|''Ek Hoti Vaadi''
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cinemas of India, Videos, Festival Participation & Awards, National Award, Regional Cinema, Independent Cinema, Art House Cinema, Suraj Ka Satvan Ghoda |url=https://www.nfdcindia.com/cinemasofindia/home-video-06.htm |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=www.nfdcindia.com}}</ref>
|-
| '''2002'''
|{{Border|[[File:Shreyas Talpade at the audio release of Om Shanti Om in 2007.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Shreyas Talpade]]
|''Reshamgath''
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Film Bulletin: May 3rd |url=http://www.rrtd.nic.in/Film%20Bulletin-May03.htm}}</ref>
|-
| '''2003'''
|{{Spaced en dash}}
|[[Arun Nalawade]]
|''[[Shwaas]]''
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| '''2004'''
|{{Border|[[File:Shivaji Satam.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Shivaji Satam]]
|''[[Uttarayan (film)|Uttarayan]]''
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Subodh Bhave (सुबोध भावे) - Marathi Actor, Director and Producer |url=https://subodhbhave.com/ |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=subodhbhave.com}}</ref>
|-
|'''2005'''
|[[File: Sandeep Kulkarni.jpg|120x120px]]
|[[Sandeep Kulkarni]]
|''[[Dombivli Fast]]''
|
|-
| '''2006'''
|{{Border|[[File:Umesh Kamat.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Umesh Kamat]]
|''Samar - Ek Sangharsh''
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| '''2007'''
|{{Border|[[File:Ajinkya Dev.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Ajinkya Deo]]
|''[[Vasudev Balwant Phadke]]''
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| '''2008'''
|{{Border|[[File:Upendra Limaye 1.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Upendra Limaye]]
|''[[Jogwa]]''
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title='जोगवा'साठी उपेंद्र लिमयेला राष्ट्रीय पुरस्कार |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/-/articleshow/5492381.cms |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| '''2009'''
|{{Border|[[File:Bharat Jadhav.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Bharat Jadhav]]
|''[[Jhing Chik Jhing]]''
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''2010'''
|{{Border|[[File:Subodh Bhave 1.jpg|130px|centre]]|style=solid|width=2px|color=grey}}
|[[Subodh Bhave]]
|''[[Ranbhool]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |
|-
|{{Border|[[File:Prasad Oak during the 48th International Film Festival of India (IFFI-2017), in Panaji, Goa.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Prasad Oak]]
|''Ti Ratra''
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| '''2011'''
|{{Border|[[File:Subodh Bhave 1.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Subodh Bhave]]
|''[[Balgandharva (film)|Balgandharva]]''
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| '''2012'''
|{{Border|[[File:Sachin Khedekar.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Sachin Khedekar]]
|''[[Kaksparsh]]''
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kaksparsh Awards |url=http://www.kaksparshthefilm.com/awards.php|url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407093640/http://www.kaksparshthefilm.com/awards.php |archive-date=7 April 2014 }}</ref>
|-
|'''2013'''
|{{Dash}}
|[[Ashok Lokhande]]
|''[[Yashwantrao Chavan: Bakhar Eka Vaadalaachi]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Winners of 51st Maharashtra State Film Awards |website=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/photofeatures/winners-at-the-51st-maharashtra-state-awards/photostory/slide/imgid/40284194.cms}}</ref>
|-
| '''2015'''
|[[File:ShashankShende.jpg|120x120px]]
|[[Shashank Shende]]
|''[[Ringan (film)|Ringan]]''
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| '''2016'''
|{{Dash}}
|Mangesh Desai
|''[[Ekk Albela]]''
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| '''2017'''
| [[File:ShashankShende.jpg|120x120px]]
|[[Shashank Shende]]
|''[[Redu (film)|Redu]]''
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| '''2018'''
|{{Border|[[File:Kay Kay Act.JPG|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Kay Kay Menon]]
|''Ek Sangaychay''
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|'''2019'''
|{{Border|[[File:Deepak Dobriyal in 2013.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Deepak Dobriyal]]
|''Baba''
|
|-
|'''2020'''
|{{Border|[[File:Rahul Deshpande singing in Vasantotsav 2010.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Rahul Deshpande]]
|''[[Me Vasantrao]]''
|
|-
|'''2021'''
|{{Border|[[File: Jitendra Joshi.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Jitendra Joshi]]
|''[[Godavari (2022 film)|Godavari]]''
|
|-
|'''2022'''
|{{Border|[[File: Prasad Oak during the 48th International Film Festival of India (IFFI-2017), in Panaji, Goa.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Prasad Oak]]
|''[[Dharmaveer]]''
|
|-
|'''2023'''
|{{Border|[[File: Amey Wagh (2018).jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
|[[Amey Wagh]]
|''[[Jaggu Ani Juliet]]''
|
|}

==Superlatives==
* The first recipient was [[Gajanan Jagirdar]], who was honoured at the 1st Maharashtra State Film Awards in 1962 for his performance in the film ''Shahir Parshuram''.
* As of 2024, [[Ashok Saraf]] is the most honoured actor with five awards. [[Nilu Phule]] and Yashwant Datta with three awards, while [[Chandrakant Gokhale]], [[Arun Sarnaik]], [[Dilip Prabhavalkar]], [[Shivaji Satam]], [[Nana Patekar]], [[Sachin Khedekar]], [[Subodh Bhave]], [[Prasad Oak]], and [[Shashank Shende]] have won the award two times.
* The most recent recipient is [[Amey Wagh]] who is honoured at the [[61st Maharashtra State Film Awards]] for his performance in ''[[Jaggu Ani Juliet]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-22 |title=59th Maharashtra State Film Awards: Asha Parekh, Shivaji Satam, Anuradha Paudwal honoured, here’s the winners list |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/59th-maharashtra-state-film-awards-asha-parekh-shivaji-satam-anuradha-paudwal-honoured-heres-the-winners-list-9527159/ |access-date=2024-10-12 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Chandrakant Gokhale]] and [[Vikram Gokhale]], [[Ramesh Deo]] and [[Ajinkya Deo]] are Pair of Father-Son Won The Award. Also [[Chandrakant Mandare]] and [[Suryakant Mandhare]] Pair of Brothers won the Award.

==Multiple wins==

Individuals with two or more Best Actor (BA) awards:

{| class="wikitable"
! scope="col" | Wins
! scope="col" | Actor
|-
| 5
| {{cslist|[[Ashok Saraf]]}}
|-
| 3
| {{cslist|[[Nilu Phule]]|[[Arun Sarnaik]]|Yashwant Datta |}}
|-
| 2
| {{cslist|[[Chandrakant Gokhale]]|[[Nana Patekar]]|[[Dilip Prabhavalkar]]|[[Shivaji Satam]]|[[Sachin Khedekar]]|[[Subodh Bhave]]|[[Prasad Oak]]|[[Shashank Shende]]||}}
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* {{IMDb event|0015478|Maharashtra State Film Awards}}

[[Category:Maharashtra State Film Awards|Actor]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Awards established in 1962]]

Muppidi Venkateswara Rao

2026-04-24T13:31:33Z

SilasCorrie: new a biography

{{Short description|Indian politician from Andhra Pradesh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Muppidi Venkateswara Rao
| office = Member of the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2024
| predecessor = [[Taneti Vanitha]]
| constituency = [[Kovvur Assembly constituency|Kovvur]]
| party = [[Telugu Desam Party]]
| birth_date =
}}
'''Muppidi Venkateswara Rao''' is an Indian politician from [[Andhra Pradesh]]. He is a member of [[Telugu Desam Party]].

== Political career ==
Rao was first elected as a [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Gopalapuram Assembly constituency]] in the [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014 elections]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gopalapuram, Election Result 2024 Live: Winning And Losing Candidates & Parties, 2019 vs 2024 Results, Voting Percentage, Exit Polls-News18 Assembly Election 2024 Result News |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/assembly/andhra-pradesh/gopalapuram-constituency-s01aed2008a066/ |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=www.news18.com |language=en}}</ref> In the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]], he was elected as the Member of the Legislative Assembly from the [[Kovvur Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Kovvur Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights: Assembly Winner, Loser, Leading, Trailing, MLA, Margin |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/kovvur-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-assembly-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8916539.html |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Kovvur, Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: TDP's Muppidi Venkateswara Rao wins Kovvur with 92743 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/kovvur-andhra-pradesh-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-2548244-2024-06-04 |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Electoral performance ==
{{transcluded section|source= Kovvur Assembly constituency}}
{{#section-h:Kovvur Assembly constituency|2024}}
{{transcluded section|source= Gopalapuram Assembly constituency}}
{{#section-h:Gopalapuram Assembly constituency|2019}}
{{#section-h:Gopalapuram Assembly constituency|2014}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rao, Muppidi Venkateswara}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:Telugu Desam Party politicians]]

Blurr

2026-04-23T01:36:00Z

SilasCorrie: Made New Data

{{Short description|2022 Indian horror thriller film by Ajay Bahl}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}
{{for-multi|the ''Transformers'' character|Blurr (Transformers)|the 7" single by Unwritten Law|Blurr (album)|other uses|Blur (disambiguation){{!}}blur}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Blurr
| image = Blurr poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Official release poster
| director = Ajay Bahl
| producer = {{Ubl|Vishal Rana|[[Taapsee Pannu]]|Pranjal Khandhdiya|Tony D'souza|Pradeep Sharma|Manav Durga}}
| writer = {{Ubl|Ajay Bahl|Pawan Soni}}
| based_on = ''[[Julia's Eyes]]'' by [[Guillem Morales]] and [[Oriol Paulo]]
| starring = {{Ubl|[[Taapsee Pannu]]|[[Gulshan Devaiah]]}}
| music = {{ubl|Aditya Pushkama|Rishi Dutta|Shivangi Bhayana}}
| cinematography = Sudhir K. Chaudhary
| editing = Manish Pradhan
| studio = {{Ubl|[[Zee Studios]]|Outsiders Films|Echelon Productions}}
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2022|12|09}}
| runtime = 126 minutes
| distributor = [[ZEE5]]
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Blurr''''' is a 2022 Indian [[Hindi language|Hindi]]-language [[Horror film|horror thriller]] film. It has been directed by Ajay Bahl and jointly produced by [[Zee Studios]], Outsiders Films and Echelon Productions. The film features [[Taapsee Pannu]], [[Abhilash Thapliyal]], and [[Gulshan Devaiah]] in the leading roles.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/taapsee-pannu-unveils-first-look-poster-of-blurr-maiden-project-of-her-production-house-1828610-2021-07-15|title=Taapsee Pannu unveils first-look poster of Blurr, maiden project of her production house|work=[[India Today]]|date=15 July 2020|access-date=31 July 2021|archive-date=2 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802040635/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/taapsee-pannu-unveils-first-look-poster-of-blurr-maiden-project-of-her-production-house-1828610-2021-07-15|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/taapsee-pannu-to-lead-the-cast-of-blurr-her-first-as-a-producer/articleshow/84436848.cms|title=Taapsee Pannu to lead the cast of Blurr, her first as a producer|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=15 July 2021|access-date=31 July 2021|archive-date=19 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119010910/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/taapsee-pannu-to-lead-the-cast-of-blurr-her-first-as-a-producer/articleshow/84436848.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> This is Taapsee Pannu's first project as a producer.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/taapsee-pannu-announces-her-production-house-outsiders-films-thriller-blurr-is-first-film-on-her-slate-7405501/|title=Taapsee Pannu announces her production house Outsiders Films, thriller Blurr is first film on her slate|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=15 July 2021|access-date=31 July 2021|archive-date=31 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731042534/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/taapsee-pannu-announces-her-production-house-outsiders-films-thriller-blurr-is-first-film-on-her-slate-7405501/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/150721/taapsee-pannu-launches-production-house-outsiders-films-first-project.html|title=Taapsee Pannu launches production house Outsiders Films, first project 'Blurr|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=15 July 2021|access-date=31 July 2021|archive-date=30 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730204014/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/amp/entertainment/bollywood/150721/taapsee-pannu-launches-production-house-outsiders-films-first-project.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The film premiered on 9 December 2022 on [[ZEE5]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=23 November 2022|title=Taapsee Pannu's Blurr to release on ZEE5 next month|work=Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/taapsee-pannus-blurr-to-release-on-zee5-next-month/articleshow/95708051.cms|access-date=23 November 2022|archive-date=19 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119010744/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/taapsee-pannus-blurr-to-release-on-zee5-next-month/articleshow/95708051.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=24 November 2022|title=Taapsee Pannu's 'Blurr' to release on ZEE5 on December 9|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/taapsee-pannus-blurr-to-release-on-zee5-on-december-9/article66177581.ece|access-date=24 November 2022|archive-date=24 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124071448/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/taapsee-pannus-blurr-to-release-on-zee5-on-december-9/article66177581.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* [[Taapsee Pannu]] as Gayatri/Gautami
* [[Gulshan Devaiah]] as Neel
* [[Kruttika Desai Khan]] as Mrs. Radha Solanki
* [[Abhilash Thapliyal]] as Chander
* Sorabh Chauhan as Bipin Nath
* Nitya Mathur as Ira
* [[Sumit Nijhawan]] as Mahendra Chandel

==Plot==
The film is the official Hindi remake of Spanish film ''[[Julia's Eyes]]'', written by [[Guillem Morales]] and [[Oriol Paulo]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/taapsee-pannu-gulshan-devaiahs-next-ajay-bahl-remake-spanish-horror-thriller/|title=Taapsee Pannu and Gulshan Devaiah's next with Ajay Bahl is the remake of a Spanish horror thriller|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=3 July 2021|access-date=31 July 2021|archive-date=31 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731042534/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/taapsee-pannu-gulshan-devaiahs-next-ajay-bahl-remake-spanish-horror-thriller/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shibani-dandekar-opens-sister-anusha-dandekars-condition-post-breakup-actor-karan-kundrra/|title=CONFIRMED: Taapsee Pannu turns producer with Blurr, Hindi remake of Spanish psychological thriller Julia's Eyes|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=16 July 2021|access-date=31 July 2021|archive-date=31 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731042534/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shibani-dandekar-opens-sister-anusha-dandekars-condition-post-breakup-actor-karan-kundrra/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The story is about one woman, Gayatri, finding about the untimely death of her twin sister, who was visually impaired. She then tries to uncover the mystery behind the death while struggling with her own eyesight.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-29 |title=Blurr Trailer: Taapsee Pannu as Gayatri seeks answers to uncover twin sister's death |url=https://www.bollywoodbubble.com/bollywood-news/blurr-trailer-taapsee-pannu-as-gayatri-seeks-answers-to-uncover-twin-sisters-death/ |access-date=2022-12-11 |website=Bollywood Bubble |language=en |archive-date=11 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211173118/https://www.bollywoodbubble.com/bollywood-news/blurr-trailer-taapsee-pannu-as-gayatri-seeks-answers-to-uncover-twin-sisters-death/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-29 |title=Blurr trailer: Taapsee Pannu is a partially blind woman looking for truth behind her identical twin's death. Watch |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/blurr-trailer-taapsee-pannu-is-a-blind-woman-seeking-truth-behind-twin-s-death-watch-101669701636345.html |access-date=2022-12-11 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=11 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211171612/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/blurr-trailer-taapsee-pannu-is-a-blind-woman-seeking-truth-behind-twin-s-death-watch-101669701636345.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Production ==
The [[principal photography]] of the film began in July 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/taapsee-pannu-and-gulshan-devaiah-start-shooting-for-blurr-in-nainital-1829630-2021-07-18|title=Taapsee Pannu and Gulshan Devaiah start shooting for Blurr in Nainital|work=[[India Today]]|date=18 July 2021|access-date=31 July 2021|archive-date=31 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731042533/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/bollywood/story/taapsee-pannu-and-gulshan-devaiah-start-shooting-for-blurr-in-nainital-1829630-2021-07-18|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/taapsee-pannus-first-production-venture-blurr-goes-on-floors-see-pic-3976532.html|title=Taapsee Pannu's First Production Venture 'Blurr' Goes on Floors|work=[[News18]]|date=19 July 2021|access-date=31 July 2021|archive-date=31 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731035053/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/taapsee-pannus-first-production-venture-blurr-goes-on-floors-see-pic-3976532.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2021/jul/20/taapsee-pannu-gulshan-devaiah-begin-shooting-for-blurr-2332499|title=Taapsee Pannu, Gulshan Devaiah begin shooting for 'Blurr'|work=New Indian Express|date=20 July 2021|access-date=31 July 2021}}{{dead link|date=February 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> The film was [[wrap (filming)|wrapped up]] on 31 August 2021.<ref>{{cite news|title=It's a wrap for Taapsee Pannu's psychological thriller Blurr|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/wrap-taapsee-pannus-psychological-thriller-blurr/|date=31 August 2021|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=20 November 2021|archive-date=20 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120050856/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/wrap-taapsee-pannus-psychological-thriller-blurr/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Taapsee Pannu wraps up the first schedule of psychological thriller 'Blurr'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/taapsee-pannu-wraps-up-the-first-schedule-of-psychological-thriller-blurr/articleshow/85795358.cms|date=31 August 2021|work=The Times of India|access-date=20 November 2021|archive-date=19 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119010804/https://gum.criteo.com/syncframe?origin=publishertag&topUrl=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|url-status=live}}</ref>

Since the protagonist of the film is visually impaired, Taapsee Pannu shot part of the film blindfolded to get the character right.<ref>{{cite news|title=Taapsee Pannu says shooting Blurr with 'almost zero vision' was challenging; drops BTS pic|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/taapsee-pannu-says-shooting-blurr-with-almost-zero-vision-was-challenging-drops-bts-pic-bollywood-news-entertainment-news-article-95886149/amp|date=30 November 2022|work=The Times Now|access-date=8 December 2022|archive-date=8 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208000033/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/taapsee-pannu-says-shooting-blurr-with-almost-zero-vision-was-challenging-drops-bts-pic-bollywood-news-entertainment-news-article-95886149/amp|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Promotions==
The teaser of the movie was released on 20 November 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Taapsee Pannu's murder mystery 'Blurr' looks promising; teaser out! - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/taapsee-pannus-murder-mystery-blurr-looks-promising-teaser-out/articleshow/95790882.cms |access-date=2022-12-11 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=11 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211170704/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/taapsee-pannus-murder-mystery-blurr-looks-promising-teaser-out/articleshow/95790882.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='Blurr' teaser: Taapsee Pannu's intriguing murder mystery looks intense |url=https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/blurr-teaser-taapsee-pannus-intriguing-murder-mystery-looks-intense-537825 |access-date=2022-12-11 |website=WION |archive-date=11 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211170706/https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/blurr-teaser-taapsee-pannus-intriguing-murder-mystery-looks-intense-537825 |url-status=live }}</ref> As a part of the promotion, the movie was screened for a visually impaired audience.<ref>{{cite news|title=Taapsee Pannu's 'Blurr' special screening held for visually impaired, check film streaming date!|url=https://zeenews.india.com/people/taapsee-pannus-blurr-special-screening-held-for-visually-impaired-check-film-streaming-date-2544728.html|date=6 December 2022|work=ZEE News|access-date=8 December 2022|archive-date=8 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208035817/https://zeenews.india.com/people/taapsee-pannus-blurr-special-screening-held-for-visually-impaired-check-film-streaming-date-2544728.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Taapsee Pannu gets emotional at the special screening of 'Blurr'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/hindi/taapsee-pannu-gets-emotional-at-the-special-screening-of-blurr/videoshow/96022709.cms|date=6 December 2022|work=Times Of India|access-date=8 December 2022|archive-date=7 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207213323/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/hindi/taapsee-pannu-gets-emotional-at-the-special-screening-of-blurr/videoshow/96022709.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Blurr
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Aditya Pushkarna, Rishi Dutta and Shivangi Bhayana
| cover =
| alt =
| label = [[Zee Music Company]]
| released = 12 December 2022<ref name="jiosaavn">{{cite web|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/blurr/RIRZ79n,dzM_|title=Blurr – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack|date=12 December 2022|publisher=Jio Saavn|access-date=12 December 2022|archive-date=12 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212163328/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/blurr/RIRZ79n,dzM_|url-status=live}}</ref>
| recorded = 2021–2022
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| language = Hindi
| length = 6:06
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|4iPJssGlklA|Audio Jukebox}}}}
}}

The music of the film is composed by Aditya Pushkarna, Rishi Dutta and Shivangi Bhayana while the lyrics are written by Srushti Tawade and Akshay The One.<ref name="jiosaavn"/>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| total_length = 6:06
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Nishaana
| extra1 = Srushti Tawade
| music1 = Aditya Pushkarna
| lyrics1 = Srushti Tawade
| length1 = 2:24
| title2 = Blurr Title Track
| note2 = Male Version
| extra2 = Mellow D, Shivangi Bhayana
| music2 = Rishi Dutta, Shivangi Bhayana
| lyrics2 = Akshay The One
| length2 = 1:51
| title3 = Blurr Title Track
| note3 = Female Version
| extra3 = Dee MC, Shivangi Bhayana
| music3 = Rishi Dutta, Shivangi Bhayana
| lyrics3 = Akshay The One
| length3 = 1:51
}}

==Critical reception==
{{Rotten Tomatoes prose|80|5.5|5|consensus=}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Blurr {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/blurr |access-date=2025-02-04 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref>

[[Anna M. M. Vetticad]] of ''[[Firstpost]]'' rated the film one out of five stars, and upset with the atmospherics, camera work and Taapsee Pannu’s performance. She wrote, "The larger message ''Blurr'' is aiming at gives it an interesting additional layer, even though it is not fully realised".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Blurr movie review: The hills are alive – and chilling – with a terrific Taapsee Pannu|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/blurr-movie-review-the-hills-are-alive-and-chilling-with-a-terrific-taapsee-pannu-11777291.html|website=[[Firstpost]]|access-date=8 December 2022|archive-date=9 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209035827/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/blurr-movie-review-the-hills-are-alive-and-chilling-with-a-terrific-taapsee-pannu-11777291.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Roktim Rajpal for ''[[India Today]]'' wrote "Taapsee puts her worst foot forward and excels in a few inherently intense scenes. That said, one gets the feeling that she does not get enough scope to internalise the characters".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rajpal |first1=Roktim |title=Blurr Movie Review: Taapsee Pannu's film has nothing working for it |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/blurr-movie-review-taapsee-pannu-headlines-a-bland-thriller-2307085-2022-12-09 |access-date=10 December 2022 |work=[[India Today]] |date=December 9, 2022 |language=en |archive-date=10 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210085131/https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/blurr-movie-review-taapsee-pannu-headlines-a-bland-thriller-2307085-2022-12-09 |url-status=live }}{{rating|2|5}}</ref> Tanul Thakur of The Wire wrote, "But ''Blurr'' resists the easy temptations, finding wrong ways to divulge personality, solidify tension, spring surprise".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Review: 'Blurr' – A Remake of the Spanish Thriller 'Julia's Eyes' – Hides More Than It Reveals |url=https://thewire.in/film/review-blurr-taapsee-pannu-remake-of-spanish-thriller-julias-eyes |access-date=2022-12-11 |website=The Wire |archive-date=11 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211170704/https://thewire.in/film/review-blurr-taapsee-pannu-remake-of-spanish-thriller-julias-eyes |url-status=live }}</ref> It also earned negative review from [[Saibal Chatterjee]] who wrote,"The film loses sight of its primary purpose - delivering a thriller that makes the most of its resources while staying within its chosen parameters".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Blurr Review: Taapsee Pannu Headlines Nifty Crime Drama Without Missing A Trick |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/blurr-review-taapsee-pannu-headlines-nifty-crime-drama-without-missing-a-trick-3-stars-3591595 |access-date=2022-12-11 |website=NDTV.com |archive-date=11 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211170720/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/blurr-review-taapsee-pannu-headlines-nifty-crime-drama-without-missing-a-trick-3-stars-3591595 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Remake ==
The film was remade in South Korea as ''The Eyes'' (2026).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://screenrant.com/the-eyes-movie-image-remake-details/ |title=Guillermo Del Toro's Most Under-The-Radar Thriller Is Getting A Remake As First Image Is Revealed |website=[[Screen Rant]] |first=Sarah Hurtado |last=Rodriguez |date=November 7, 2025 |access-date=November 8, 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|qid=Q108084407}}
* [https://www.zee5.com/movies/details/blurr/0-0-1z5259649 ''Blurr''] on [[ZEE5]]

[[Category:Indian remakes of Spanish films]]
[[Category:Indian horror thriller films]]
[[Category:Films about blind people in India]]
[[Category:2022 horror films]]
[[Category:Indian mystery thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian serial killer films]]
[[Category:2022 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2022 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian slasher films]]
[[Category:Indian psychological thriller films]]
[[Category:Films based on works by Oriol Paulo]]

Mrityunjay Prabhakar

2026-04-20T14:09:16Z

SilasCorrie: new new info

{{promotional|date=April 2014}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mrityunjay Kumar Prabhakar
| image = File:Mrityunjay Prabhakar.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Theatre director, playwright and poet
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1979|09|14}}
| birth_place = [[Nalanda]], India
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| other_names = Mrityunjay Prabhakar
| known_for = Theatre Activism
| occupation = Playwright, theatre director, [[theatre critic]], poet
}}

'''Mrityunjay Kumar Prabhakar''' (born 14 September 1979) is an Indian [[playwright]], [[theatre director]], [[Theatre criticism|theatre critic]], [[poet]], Assistant Professor of Drama and Theatre Art at [[Visva-Bharati University]] in [[Santiniketan]], [[West Bengal]] and the recipient of [[Bihar Kala Samman]] by the government of Bihar in 2012.

== Early life and education ==

Born in a lower-middle class family from a village in [[Nalanda]], [[Bihar]], he attended [[Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi|Jawaharlal Nehru University]], [[New Delhi]] where he completed his doctorate in [https://www.jnu.ac.in/mphil_Theatre_and_performance_studies Theatre and Performance Studies] at [https://www.jnu.ac.in/saa School of Arts & Aesthetics].

==Career==

Mrityunjay's theatre career began in [[Patna]] while he was studying for his graduation. There he worked with several theatre groups like Prerna, Manch Art group, and Prangan in [[Patna]]. Later, he co-founded the group Abhiyan along with some like-minded friends. His love for theatre continued even after he shifted to [[New Delhi]] for his higher studies. Here he worked with famous groups like Rang Saptak, Bahroop and Dastak. Later he founded his own group named SEHAR in 2005 and continued to work rigorously. He received his training in dramaturgy from the leading figures of Indian Drama and Theatre through various workshops conducted by [[Habib Tanvir]], [[B. V. Karanth]], Prasanna, [[Ratan Thiyam]], D. R. Ankur. He has worked with directors like D.R. Ankur, Lokendra Arambam, [[H. S. Shivaprakash]], Surendra Sharma, Parvez Akhtar, Vijay Kumar, Javed Akhtar Khan, Suman Kumar and others. He has also worked as an actor, director, [[set designer]], light designer and organiser for numerous theatre productions.

He is the founder-director of a theatre troupe, SEHAR (Society of Education, Harmony, Art, Culture and Media Reproduction) (registered under the Society Act) in 2007. He has directed more than two dozen plays among them ''Sabse Udas Kavita'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://teamworkmedia.co.in/news/swadesh-deepaks-sabse-udaas-kavita-staged-at-the-yuva-natya-samaroh/ |title=Swadesh Deepak's 'Sabse Udaas Kavita' staged at the Yuva Natya Samaroh |website=teamworkmedia.co.in |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424124441/http://teamworkmedia.co.in/news/swadesh-deepaks-sabse-udaas-kavita-staged-at-the-yuva-natya-samaroh/ |archive-date=2014-04-24}}</ref> [[File:Sabse udas kavita.jpg|thumb|A scene of the play ''Sabse Udas Kavita'']]''Khwahishen'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/3322757|title=Some writings pertaining to contemporary Theater in India|last1=Pathak|first1=Dev}}</ref> ''Jee Humen to Natak Karna Hai'',<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.4to40.com/music/index.asp?p=Jee_Humen_To_Natak_Karna_Hai&k=IHC |title=Jee Humen to Natak Karna Hai: IHC Theater Show, IHC Comedy Event, Mrityunjay Prabhakar Director, Sehar Society for Education, C. D. Deshmukh Auditorium, India Habitat Centre, IHC, Habitat World, Institutional Area, Foyer, Max Muller Marg, Lodhi Road |access-date=23 April 2014 |archive-date=24 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424100546/http://www.4to40.com/music/index.asp?p=Jee_Humen_To_Natak_Karna_Hai&k=IHC |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Dhruvswamini'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2009/10/30/stories/2009103050500200.htm |title=The Hindu : Friday Review Delhi / Drama : Re-discovering Dhruvaswamini |website=www.hindu.com |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091105092241/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2009/10/30/stories/2009103050500200.htm |archive-date=5 November 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Vithalala'' and ''Suicide''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://i4d.eletsonline.com/mann-deshi-mahila-sahakari-bank-india/ |title=Mann Deshi Mahila Sahakari Bank, India {{!}} i4d |website=i4d.eletsonline.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424095606/http://i4d.eletsonline.com/mann-deshi-mahila-sahakari-bank-india/ |archive-date=2014-04-24}}</ref> have got special attention from the larger section of the society. He has also written plays like ''Aao Natak Natak Khelen'', ''Khwahishen'', ''Jee Humen to Natak Karna Hai'', ''Suicide'', ''Hey Ram'', ''Teri Meri Kahani Hai'', ''Karnav'' and others, which have been performed by groups and directors in various theatre centres of the country. He has adapted famous Keniyan playwright [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]]'s play ''The Black Hermit'' as ''Jayen to Jayen Kahan''. The adaptation was first performed by [[National School of Drama|NSD]] ([[National School of Drama]]) graduate Randhir Kumar in 2005 in Patna. Later he reproduced the play in 2010 with SEHAR in Delhi. He has adopted [[H. S. Shivaprakash]]'s famous Kannada play ''Mochi Madaiah'' in Hindi which was directed by Lokendra Arambam and published by Yash Publication, Delhi. An anthology on contemporary Indian theatre titled ''Samkaleen Rangkarm'' is also credited to him. His Hindi poetry collection ''Jo Mere Bheetar Hain'' was published by [[Sahitya Akademi]], the Indian national academy of letters.

Presently, he is an assistant professor of drama and theatre arts in [[Visva-Bharati University]], [[Santiniketan]] and manages his troupe SEHAR. He has also taught performing arts, communication and Indian aesthetics at [[IIT Mandi]], [[Indian Institute of Mass Communication|IIMC]], [[New Delhi]], [[NCERT]], [[New Delhi]] and [[College of Art, Delhi]].

==Awards and recognition==

He has been awarded [[Bihar Kala Samman]] by the Bihar government on the occasion of completion of hundred years of Bihar for his writings in the field of performing arts in 2012. He was awarded the Yuva Shabdsadhak Samman by the Hindi magazine ''Pakhi''.

==Works==

===Plays===
'Sadho Dekho Jag Baudana',
'Aao Natak Natak Khelen',
'Khwahishen',
'Jee Humen To Natak Karna Hai',
'Suicide',
'Hey Ram',
'Teri Meri Kahani Hai',
'Karnav',
'Jayen To Jayen Kahan',
'Mochi Madaiah',

===Books===
'Samkaleen Rangkarm',
'Jo Mere Bheetar Hain',
'Sadho Dekho Jag Baudana',
'Jayen To Jayen Kahan',
'Mochi Madaiah',
'Colonial/Postcolonial Bihar and Jharkhand'.<ref>{{cite book |isbn=978-9380607924|title=Colonial and Contemporary Bihar and Jharkhand |last1=Singh |first1=Lata |last2=Pati |first2=Biswamoy |year=2014 }}</ref>

===Poetry collection===
'Jo Mere Bheetar Hain'

==See also==
*[[Hindi theatre]]
*[[Theatre of India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* http://www.tehelka.com/dancing-queens/
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091105092241/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2009/10/30/stories/2009103050500200.htm]
* http://www.thesundayindian.com/article_print.php?article_id=2422
* http://www.indiaeducationdiary.in/showEE.asp?newsid=28965
* https://www.academia.edu/3322757/Some_writings_pertaining_to_contemporary_Theater_in_India
* http://i4d.eletsonline.com/mann-deshi-mahila-sahakari-bank-india/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424095606/http://i4d.eletsonline.com/mann-deshi-mahila-sahakari-bank-india/ |date=24 April 2014 }}
* http://teamworkmedia.co.in/news/swadesh-deepaks-sabse-udaas-kavita-staged-at-the-yuva-natya-samaroh/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424124441/http://teamworkmedia.co.in/news/swadesh-deepaks-sabse-udaas-kavita-staged-at-the-yuva-natya-samaroh/ |date=24 April 2014 }}
* http://allevents.in/new+delhi/sabse-udas-kavita/1523328831225008
* http://zatse.in/numbers/find/August-Play-Event-(19th-August-7%3A30pm-Mrityunjay-Prabhakar%5BDirector%5D)-Lodhi-Road-New-Delhi/46
* http://www.pravasiduniya.com/tag/hindi-poems-by-mritunjay-prabhakar
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20130424000957/http://www.mytheatrecafe.com/rang-bayar-in-a-university-campus-of-obsessive-political-correctness/ Article title]}}
* http://allevents.in/new+delhi/sabse-udas-kavita/1523328831225008
* http://www.wherevent.com/detail/Mrityunjay-Prabhakar-SABSE-UDAS-KAVITA
* http://newssuperfast.com/2014/02/10/mahabhoj-throws-open-yuva-natya-samaroh-with-remarkable-performance-by-young-theater-artists/

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prabhakar, Mrityunjay}}
[[Category:Indian male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Indian theatre directors]]
[[Category:1979 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Poets from Bihar]]
[[Category:People from Nalanda]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Dramatists and playwrights from Bihar]]

Ideal Girls' College, Imphal

2026-04-20T03:31:02Z

SilasCorrie: adding new article - done

{{Short description|College in Manipur}}

{{Article for deletion/dated|page=Ideal Girls' College, Imphal|timestamp=20260420033102|year=2026|month=April|day=20|substed=yes|help=off}}


{{Notability|Companies|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Ideal Girls' College, Imphal
| image_name =
| established = 1970
| principal =
| dean =
| director =
| head_label =
| head =
| academic_staff =
| administrative_staff =
| students =
| undergrad =
| postgrad =
| doctoral =
| other =
| type = Undergraduate college
| city = [[Imphal]]
| state = [[Manipur]]
| country = [[India]]
| postcode =
| coordinates = {{coord|24.780|93.946|display=title,inline}}
| campus = Urban
| academic_affiliations = [[Manipur University]]
| language =
| free_label =
| free =
| free_label2 =
| free2 =
| colors = 
| athletics =
| sports =
| athletics_nickname = 
| sporting_affiliations =
| mascot = 
| sports_free_label =
| sports_free =
| sports_free_label2 =
| sports_free2 =
| website =
| logo =
| logo_size =
| logo_alt =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Ideal Girls' College, Imphal''', established in 1970, is a women's degree college in [[Imphal]], [[Manipur]]. It offers undergraduate courses in arts and sciences. It is affiliated to [[Manipur University]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Affiliated College of Manipur University | url=https://www.manipuruniv.ac.in/p/list-of-affiliated-colleges}}</ref>

==Accreditation==
The college is recognized by the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] (UGC).

==See also==
*[[List of institutions of higher education in Manipur]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

{{Portal bar|Education}}
{{Manipur University}}

[[Category:Colleges affiliated to Manipur University]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1970]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Manipur]]
[[Category:1970 establishments in Manipur]]

{{manipur-university-stub}}

Bihari Lal Arya

2026-04-18T23:54:14Z

SilasCorrie: made new post

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Biharilal Arya
| party = [[Bhartiya Janata Party]]
| spouse = Shanti Biharilal Arya
| parents = Chaturbhuj Arya
| profession = [[Businessman]]
| citizenship = [[India]]n
| birth_place = [[Ranipur, Uttar Pradesh|Ranipur]], [[Jhansi district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| birth_date = 1 January 1962
| birth_name = Biharilal Arya
| other_party = [[Indian National Congress]], [[Akhil Bharatiya Loktantrik Congress]]
| governor = [[Bezawada Gopala Reddy]]
| office = [[Minister of State]] for [[Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises]]
| term_end = 1997
| term_start = 1996
| vice_president = [[K. R. Narayanan]]
| prime_minister = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| president = [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]
| country = [[India]]
| constituency = [[Mauranipur (Assembly constituency)|Mauranipur]]
}}
'''Biharilal Chaturbhuj Arya''' is an Indian politician, [[Social work]]er and former member of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] for [[Mauranipur (Assembly constituency)|Mauranipur]] constituency of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. He is a member of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and won the [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Mauranipur]] constituency.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rashmi arya join bjp: पूर्व सपा विधायक डॉ. रश्मि आर्य ने थामा भाजपा का हाथ, मऊरानीपुर सीट से हो सकती हैं प्रत्याशी! |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/uttar-pradesh/news/former-sp-mla-dr-rashmi-arya-joins-bjp-may-be-candidate-from-mauranipur-seat/articleshow/88954112.cms |access-date=2022-03-14 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}</ref> In the 2017 election, he defeated [[Rashmi Arya]] by 17 thousand votes. Then Rashmi was a [[Samajwadi Party]] member. Bihari Lal Arya is originally a [[Indian National Congress|Congressman]] but in 2017 he had joined BJP before the elections. Biharilal became an MLA for the fourth time in 2017. Prior to this, he was [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] from Congress three times. he also was a minister in [[Kalyan Singh]] government formed in 1996.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2022-01-29 |title=UP Chunav: कभी कांग्रेस विधायक रहते यूपी में बनवाई थी भाजपा की सरकार, फिर भी BJP ने ही इस सीट से नहीं बनाया उम्मीदवार |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/uttar-pradesh/jhansi-up-elections-2022-mauranipur-assembly-seat-apna-dal-candidate-rashmi-arya-bjp-mla-bihari-lal-arya-kalyan-singh-govt-3980052.html |access-date=2022-03-14 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref> Arya belongs to the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] of [[Bundelkhand]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-29 |title=UP Chunav: कभी कांग्रेस विधायक रहते यूपी में बनवाई थी भाजपा की सरकार, फिर भी BJP ने ही इस सीट से नहीं बनाया उम्मीदवार |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/uttar-pradesh/jhansi-up-elections-2022-mauranipur-assembly-seat-apna-dal-candidate-rashmi-arya-bjp-mla-bihari-lal-arya-kalyan-singh-govt-3980052.html |access-date=2022-08-20 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Bihari Lal Arya is a [[Indian National Congress|Congressman]] but in 2017 he had joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] before the elections. Biharilal became an [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] for the fourth time in 2017. Prior to this he was MLA from Congress three times. he also was a minister in [[Kalyan Singh]]'s government formed in 1996. Arya came to be popular at the state level when, while being a Congress MLA, he formed the BJP government in the state. Then Biharilal became MLA from Congress for the second time in 1996 after 1993. After the 1996 elections, no party had got a majority. [[President's rule]] was imposed in the state. In 1997, [[Mayawati]]'s government was formed with the help of BJP, but after 6 months the government fell. A coalition government was formed under the leadership of BJP's Kalyan Singh. Then [[Naresh Chandra Agrawal|Naresh Aggarwal]] of Congress formed a party called [[Akhil Bharatiya Loktantrik Congress|Democratic Congress]] and broke the Congress MLAs and got the Kalyan Singh government formed. Biharilal Arya also went to the Democratic Congress. To support the government, Kalyan Singh made him a minister of state in the small industries department. Elections came again in the year 2002. Bihari Lal again fought with Congress but this time his victory chariot stopped. He was defeated by Pragilal Ahirwar of BJP. In the 2007 elections, Biharilal again contested from the Congress but lost. This time [[Bhagwati Prasad Sagar]] of [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]] defeated him. The same situation remained in the 2012 elections as well. He was defeated by Rashmi Arya of SP. By the year 2017 he joined BJP. Bihari Lal Arya finally left Congress and joined BJP and again became MLA from Mauranipur. This time he defeated Rashmi Arya of [[Samajwadi Party|SP]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=UP Election 2022: जिस विधायक ने 1996 में बनवाई बीजेपी की सरकार, उसे ही इस बार नहीं मिला टिकट |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/election/up-assembly-elections/apna-dal-fielded-candidate-on-jhansi-mauranipur-seat-in-place-of-bihari-ial-arya-know-about-him-acy |access-date=2022-03-14 |website=Prabhat Khabar - Hindi News |language=hi}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Bharatiya Janata Party}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Arya, Bihari Lal}}
[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1993–1996]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Social workers from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Akhil Bharatiya Loktantrik Congress politicians]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2017–2022]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1997–2002]]

Samalkha Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:51:25Z

SilasCorrie: Creating a data w/ infobox

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Haryana State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name = Samalkha Assembly constituency
|type= SLA
| map_image = Samalkha Assembly constituency map.svg
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
|region =
|division =
|constituency_no = 27
|established = 
|abolished = 
| state = [[Haryana]]
| district = [[Panipat district|Panipat]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Karnal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karnal]]
| reservation = None
| mla = [[Manmohan Bhadana]]
| party = [[Bhartiya Janata Party]]
|alliance = 
| latest_election_year = 
| electors = 2,29,082
}}
'''Samalkha''' is one of the 90 [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]] constituencies in [[India]].<ref name=eci1>{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |publisher=The Election Commission of India |pages=6, 148–157}}</ref> It is part of [[Panipat district]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Election
!Name<ref>{{Cite web |title=Samalkha Assembly constituency Election Result 2024 - Candidates, MLAs, Live Updates & News |url=https://www.elections.in/haryana/assembly-constituencies/samalkha.html |access-date= |website=www.elections.in}}</ref>
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || Randhir || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|-
| [[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1968]] || Kartar Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Hari Singh
|-
| [[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || Mool Chand || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1982]] || Katar Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1987]] || Sachdev || {{Full party name with color|Lokdal}}
|-
| [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1991]] || Hari Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1996]] || rowspan=2 | [[Kartar Singh Bhadana]]|| {{Full party name with color|Haryana Vikas Party}}
|-
| [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2000]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Lok Dal}}
|-
| [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2005]] || Bharat Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2009]] || [[Dharam Singh Chhoker]] || {{Full party name with color|Haryana Janhit Congress (BL)}}
|-
| [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2014]] || Ravinder Machhrouli
| {{party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2019]] || [[Dharam Singh Chhoker]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|[[Manmohan Bhadana]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2024===
{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Samalkha<ref name="Haryana Assembly Election Results 2024 - Samalkha">{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=Haryana Assembly Election Results 2024 - Samalkha |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-S0727.htm |access-date=28 October 2024 |date=8 October 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Manmohan Bhadana]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=81,293 |percentage=48.35% |change={{increase}}5.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Dharam Singh Chhoker]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=61,978 |percentage=36.87% |change={{decrease}}15.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ravinder Machhrauli |party=Independent politician |votes=21,132 |percentage=12.57% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajesh |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=1,103 |percentage=0.66% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jaikanwar Alias Bittu Pahalwan |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=1,060 |percentage=0.63% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=419 |percentage=0.25% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=19,315 |percentage=11.49% |change= {{increase}}1.97 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,68,119 |percentage=73.34% |change= {{decrease}}1.50 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,29,082 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.25 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}3.80 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Samalkha<ref name=results2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11697-haryana-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Haryana Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 - Haryana - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate= 2 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Dharam Singh Chhoker]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=81,898 |percentage=52.16% |change={{increase}}30.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shashi Kant Kaushik |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=66,956 |percentage=42.64% |change={{increase}}21.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Brham Pal Rawal |party=Jannayak Janta Party |votes=4,114 |percentage=2.62% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Joginder |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=2,083 |percentage=1.33% |change={{increase}}0.59 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=14,942 |percentage=9.52% |change= {{decrease}}4.02 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,57,025 |percentage=74.84% |change= {{decrease}}6.86 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,09,824 |ref = |change= {{increase}}13.91 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}16.74 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Samalkha<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/PartyWiseResultS07.htm?st=S07|title=Haryana Results|access-date=19 October 2014|archive-date=16 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216120445/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS074.htm?ac=4|url-status=dead|website=Election Commission of India, Constituencywise-All Candidates }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Ravinder Machhrouli |party=Independent politician |votes=53,294 |percentage=35.42% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Dharam Singh Chhoker]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=32,921 |percentage=21.88% |change={{decrease}}1.32 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shashi Kant Kaushik |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=32,134 |percentage=21.35% |change={{increase}}20.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Bhateri Rawal |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=26,477 |percentage=17.59% |change={{decrease}}5.1 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Om Parkash Gujjar |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,109 |percentage=0.74% |change={{decrease}}6.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Karan Singh |party=Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) |votes=1,092 |percentage=0.73% |change={{decrease}}34.46 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=20,373 |percentage=13.54% |change= {{increase}}1.54 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,50,483 |percentage=81.69% |change= {{increase}}3.45 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,84,208 |ref = |change= {{increase}}28.52 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) |swing= {{increase}}0.23 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Samalkha}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharm Singh Chhoker |party=Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) |votes=39,463 |percentage=35.19% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Sanjay Chhoker|party=Indian National Congress|votes=26,012|percentage=23.20%|change={{decrease}}25.45}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Manoj Jaurasi|party=Indian National Lok Dal|votes=25,448|percentage=22.69%|change={{decrease}}3.62}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Manmohan Bhadana|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=8,334|percentage=7.43%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Hari Singh Nalwa|party=Nationalist Congress Party|votes=8,166|percentage=7.28%|change={{increase}}6.68}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Anju Rani|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=1,415|percentage=1.26%|change={{decrease}}9.03}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Narender Singh|party=Independent politician|votes=890|percentage=0.79%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Rafaqat|party=Independent politician|votes=849|percentage=0.76%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Sunil|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|votes=845|percentage=0.75%|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,451 |percentage=11.99% |change= {{decrease}}10.34 }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,12,144|percentage=78.24%|change={{increase}}0.94}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,43,332 |ref = |change= {{increase}}4.13 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}13.46 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2005 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Samalkha<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/haryana/partywise-candidate-list1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016121341/http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/haryana/partywise-candidate-list1.html#inc |archive-date=16 October 2009 |url-status=dead |title= Winning Candidate List for Haryana State Assembly Elections 2005 |publisher=Indian Elections }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Bharat Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=51,767 |percentage=48.65% |change={{increase}}19.94 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Katar Singh Chhokar |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=28,002 |percentage=26.31% |change={{decrease}}16.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Inder Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=12,556 |percentage=11.80% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sachdev |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=10,957 |percentage=10.30% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Randhir Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,124 |percentage=1.06% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mitrapal |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=643 |percentage=0.60% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dilbagh Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=554 |percentage=0.52% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=23,765 |percentage=22.33% |change= {{increase}}8.62 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,06,413 |percentage=77.31% |change= {{increase}}5.52 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,37,653 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.76 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Lok Dal |swing= {{increase}}6.23 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2000 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Samalkha}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kartar Singh Bhadana |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=37,174 |percentage=42.42% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hari Singh Nalwa |party=Indian National Congress |votes=25,159 |percentage=28.71% |change={{increase}}15.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Surender |party=Independent politician |votes=16,722 |percentage=19.08% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramesh Chand |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=3,483 |percentage=3.97% |change={{decrease}}0.1 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rishi Parkash |party=Independent politician |votes=2,343 |percentage=2.67% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Janeshwar |party=National Loktantrik Party |votes=723 |percentage=0.83% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=12,015 |percentage=13.71% |change= {{increase}}10.98 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=87,633 |percentage=71.79% |change= {{decrease}}0.77 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,22,079 |ref = |change= {{increase}}1.52 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Lok Dal |loser=Haryana Vikas Party |swing= {{increase}}19.38 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1996 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Samalkha}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kartar Singh Bhadana |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=20,103 |percentage=23.04% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Phool Pati |party=Samata Party |votes=17,723 |percentage=20.31% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Katar Singh Chhokar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=11,693 |percentage=13.40% |change={{decrease}}18.43 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hari Singh Nalwa |party=Independent politician |votes=9,313 |percentage=10.67% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagdev Singh |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=7,496 |percentage=8.59% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Meena |party=Independent politician |votes=7,027 |percentage=8.05% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bharat Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=3,552 |percentage=4.07% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sat Narain |party=Independent politician |votes=3,176 |percentage=3.64% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mam Chand |party=Communist Party of India |votes=1,800 |percentage=2.06% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shyam Lal Jangra S/O Jai Nand |party=All India Indira Congress (Tiwari) |votes=1,512 |percentage=1.73% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mahender |party=Independent politician |votes=1,032 |percentage=1.18% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,380 |percentage=2.73% |change= {{increase}}0.26 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=87,245 |percentage=76.07% |change= {{increase}}5.31 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,20,249 |ref = |change= {{increase}}14.49 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Haryana Vikas Party |loser=Janata Dal |swing= {{decrease}}11.26 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1991 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Samalkha}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Hari Singh |party=Janata Dal |votes=24,225 |percentage=34.30% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Katar Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=22,479 |percentage=31.83% |change={{decrease}}1.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Phool Pati |party=Janata Party |votes=19,957 |percentage=28.26% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Om Prakash |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,559 |percentage=3.62% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jai Paul S/O Devi Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=869 |percentage=1.23% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,746 |percentage=2.47% |change= {{decrease}}4.19 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=70,625 |percentage=71.01% |change= {{decrease}}6.55 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,05,034 |ref = |change= {{increase}}8.84 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Dal |loser=Lokdal |swing= {{decrease}}5.55 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1987 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Samalkha}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Sachdev |party=Lokdal |votes=28,378 |percentage=39.85% |change={{increase}}15.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hari Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=23,633 |percentage=33.19% |change={{increase}}1.05 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Katar Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=11,710 |percentage=16.45% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Meena |party=Independent politician |votes=1,776 |percentage=2.49% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharam Pal Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,172 |percentage=1.65% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Virender Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,123 |percentage=1.58% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jai Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=686 |percentage=0.96% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balbir |party=Independent politician |votes=615 |percentage=0.86% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ranvir Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=371 |percentage=0.52% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Karan Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=302 |percentage=0.42% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lakhmi |party=Independent politician |votes=284 |percentage=0.40% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,745 |percentage=6.66% |change= {{decrease}}0.91 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=71,207 |percentage=75.23% |change= {{increase}}4.53 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 96,505 |ref = |change= {{increase}}22.70 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Lokdal |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}7.71 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1982 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Samalkha}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Katar Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=17,507 |percentage=32.14% |change={{increase}}13.55 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mool Chand |party=Lokdal |votes=13,380 |percentage=24.56% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chuhar Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=11,342 |percentage=20.82% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hari Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=7,361 |percentage=13.51% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Satya Dev |party=Communist Party of India |votes=2,767 |percentage=5.08% |change={{increase}}0.85 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Randip |party=Janata Party |votes=748 |percentage=1.37% |change={{decrease}}36.32 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kishan Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=728 |percentage=1.34% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Phool Pati |party=Independent politician |votes=276 |percentage=0.51% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,127 |percentage=7.58% |change= {{decrease}}11.53 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=54,472 |percentage=70.64% |change= {{increase}}3.62 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 78,653 |ref = |change= {{increase}}19.59 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}5.56 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Samalkha}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Mool Chand |party=Janata Party |votes=16,273 |percentage=37.70% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hari Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,027 |percentage=18.59% |change={{decrease}}28.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kartar Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=7,017 |percentage=16.25% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chuhar Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=4,964 |percentage=11.50% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mukhtiar Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,964 |percentage=4.55% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raghbir Singh |party=Communist Party of India |votes=1,824 |percentage=4.23% |change={{decrease}}8.48 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Roop Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=1,716 |percentage=3.98% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Chander Alias Jangli |party=Independent politician |votes=668 |percentage=1.55% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharam Pal Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=429 |percentage=0.99% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tarif Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=287 |percentage=0.66% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,246 |percentage=19.10% |change= {{increase}}4.85 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=43,169 |percentage=66.63% |change= {{decrease}}0.74 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 65,771 |ref = |change= {{increase}}0.42 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}9.11 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Samalkha}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Hari Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=20,346 |percentage=46.80% |change={{decrease}}11.95 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jai Singh |party=Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes=14,151 |percentage=32.55% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raghbir Singh |party=Communist Party of India |votes=5,525 |percentage=12.71% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Padam Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=3,451 |percentage=7.94% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,195 |percentage=14.25% |change= {{decrease}}14.11 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=43,473 |percentage=68.67% |change= {{increase}}15.76 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 65,496 |ref = |change= {{increase}}11.39 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}11.95 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1968 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Samalkha}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kartar Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=17,486 |percentage=58.75% |change={{increase}}28.3 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhram Vir |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=9,046 |percentage=30.39% |change={{decrease}}0.34 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kuldip Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,395 |percentage=4.69% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Parma Nand |party=Bharatiya Kranti Dal |votes=782 |percentage=2.63% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bharat Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=574 |percentage=1.93% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sunder |party=Independent politician |votes=480 |percentage=1.61% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,440 |percentage=28.36% |change= {{increase}}28.07 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=29,763 |percentage=52.18% |change= {{decrease}}19.62 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 58,797 |ref = |change= {{increase}}3.90 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |swing= {{increase}}28.02 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Samalkha}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Randhir |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=12,215 |percentage=30.73% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,101 |percentage=30.45% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Sunder |party=Independent politician |votes=9,327 |percentage=23.47% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=D. Ram |party=Republican Party of India |votes=5,108 |percentage=12.85% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=T. Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=995 |percentage=2.50% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=114 |percentage=0.29% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=39,746 |percentage=75.64% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 56,590 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Panipat district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Haryana constituencies}}

{{coord|29.24|77.01|display=title}}

[[Category:Panipat district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Haryana]]
[[Category:Politics of Haryana]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Haryana]]

Purna Mohan Tripura

2026-04-11T20:00:14Z

SilasCorrie: Made A Page W/ Refs!

{{short description|Indian Tripuri Politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Purna Mohan Tripura
| image =
| office = [[Minister (government)|Minister]] of Finance&Power
| term_start = 1978
| term_end = 1988
| office1 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Tripura Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start1 = [[1972 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|09 March 1972]]
| term_end1 = 1993
| predecessor =
| successor1 = [[Shyama Charan Tripura]]
| constituency1 = [[Chawamanu Assembly constituency|Chawamanu]]
| birth_name =
| spouse =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Tripura]], India
| parents =
| party = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| other_party =
| alma_mater =
}}

'''Purna Mohan Tripura''' was [[Tripuri people|Tipra]] [[India]]n politician from [[Tripura]].He was a prominent leader of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]. He became [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] in 1972. He won 1972,1977,1983 [[Tripura Legislative Assembly]] election from [[Chawamanu Assembly constituency|Chawamanu]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/chhawmanu-tripura-assembly-constituency|title=List of all MLA from Chhawmanu Assembly Constituency Seat Tripura|website=Result University}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/tripura/1993/chhawmanu-st/|title=Chhawmanu (st) Tripura Assembly Election 1993|website=Lastly}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha-details/1977/tripura/chhawmanu/25/49/1|title=Vidhan Sabha / 1977 / Tripura / Chhawmanu|website=India Votes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/tripura/assembly-constituencies/1988-election-results.html|title=Tripura Assembly Election Results in 1988|website=Election India}}</ref>
He became Minister for Finance and Power in [[Nripen Chakraborty]] Time.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.banginews.com/web-news?id=43c1bb9d45254db258e09f3b99a505f9777b5512|title=The Road to Tripura|website=Bangi News|access-date=2023-01-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=
https://tripura.gov.in/archives/|title=Council of Ministers 1978|website=Tripura State Portal}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from Tripura]]
[[Category:Tripura MLAs 1972–1977]]
[[Category:Tripura MLAs 1977–1983]]
[[Category:Tripura MLAs 1983–1988]]
[[Category:Tripura MLAs 1988–1993]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Tripura]]

Chowrangee Assembly constituency

2026-03-27T06:12:57Z

SilasCorrie: general update citations based on references and improved wording

{{Short description|Constituency in Kolkata of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly, in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Chowrangee
| type= SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Chowrangee.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Chowrangee Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| mla = [[Nayna Bandyopadhyay]]
| party = [[All India Trinamool Congress]]
| alliance =
| latest_election_year = [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Kolkata district|Kolkata]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Kolkata Uttar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kolkata Uttar]]
| constituency_no = 162
| established = 1957
| electors = 208,157
| reservation = None
| abolished =
}}

'''Chowrangee Assembly constituency''' is a [[Vidhan Sabha|Legislative Assembly]] constituency of [[Kolkata district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. Located at the heart of Kolkata, the capital city of the state, this has been a bastion of [[Trinamool Congress]] since the party's formation. Earlier, it was a stronghold of [[Indian National Congress]], from which party two chief ministers, [[Bidhan Chandra Roy]] and [[Siddhartha Shankar Ray]], had been elected to the West Bengal Legislative Assembly.

==Overview==
As per order of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]] in respect of the [[Delimitation of constituencies]] in the [[West Bengal]], Chowrangee Assembly constituency is composed of the following:
* Ward Nos. [[Ward No. 44, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|44]], [[Ward No. 45, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|45]], [[Ward No. 46, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|46]], [[Ward No. 47, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|47]], [[Ward No. 48, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|48]], [[Ward No. 49, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|49]], [[Ward No. 50, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|50]], [[Ward No. 51, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|51]], [[Ward No. 52, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|52]], [[Ward No. 53, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|53]] and [[Ward No. 62, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|62]] of [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation]].<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006 | access-date=22 February 2015|work = West Bengal| publisher=Election Commission}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! Borough
! Ward No.
! [[2021 Kolkata Municipal Corporation election|Councillor]]
! colspan="2" |2021 Winner
|-
|rowspan=2|V
|[[Ward No. 44, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|44]]
|Rehana Khatoon
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|-
|[[Ward No. 45, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|45]]
|Santosh Kumar Pathak
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|rowspan=2|VI
|[[Ward No. 46, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|46]]
|Priyanka Saha
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[Ward No. 47, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|47]]
|Bimal Singh
|-
|rowspan=3|V
|[[Ward No. 48, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|48]]
|Biswarup Dey
|-
|[[Ward No. 49, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|49]]
|Monalisa Banerjee
|-
|[[Ward No. 50, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|50]]
|Sajal Ghosh
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|rowspan=4|VI
|[[Ward No. 51, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|51]]
|Indranil Kumar
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[Ward No. 52, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|52]]
|Sohini Mukherjee
|-
|[[Ward No. 53, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|53]]
|Indrani Saha Banerjee
|-
|[[Ward No. 62, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|62]]
|Sana Ahmed
|}

Chowrangee Assembly constituency is part of No. 24 [[Kolkata Uttar Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name=delimitation/><ref>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/LS_2004/Vol_III_LS_2004.pdf | title = Statistical Report on General Elections, 2004 to the 14th Lok Sabha | access-date = 2010-11-01 | work = Volume III Details For Assembly Segments Of Parliamentary Constituencies | publisher = Election Commission of India }}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Name
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Bijoy Singh Nahar
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=6}}
|-
|[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy
|-
|[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|rowspan="2"|Siddhartha Shankar Ray
|-
|[[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|-
|[[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|rowspan="2"|Sankar Ghose
|-
|[[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
|[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Sandip Das
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|Sisir Kumar Bose
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|Debi Prasad Chattopadhyay
|-
|[[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|Siddhartha Shankar Ray
|-
|1993^
|Anil Chatterjee
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|rowspan="2"|Subrata Mukherjee
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=6}}
|-
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|Subrata Bakshi
|-
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|Sikha Chowdhury (Mitra)
|-
|2014^
|rowspan="3"|[[Nayna Bandyopadhyay]]
|-
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|-
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|}

*^ denotes by-election

==Election results==
===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Chowrangee}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Nayna Bandyopadhyay
|party = Trinamool Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Sanjoy Basu
|party = Revolutionary Communist Party of India
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Santosh Pathak
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Md Imran Khan
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|party = None of the above (India)
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Chowrangi|Chowrangee]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Nayna Bandyopadhyay]]
|votes = 70,101
|percentage = 62.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Devdutta Maji
|votes = 24,757
|percentage = 22.20
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Santosh Pathak
|votes = 14,266
|percentage = 12.80
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above (India)
|candidate = None of the Above
|votes = 1,212
|percentage = 1.09
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Swaminath Kori
|votes = 264
|percentage = 0.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 45,344
|percentage = 41.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,11,625
|percentage = 53.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =+
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===

{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Chowrangi|Chowrangee]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Nayna Bandyopadhyay]]
|votes = 55,119
|percentage = 47.29
|change = +7.15
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Somen Mitra]]
|votes = 41,903
|percentage = 36.95
|change = +12.53
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Ritesh Tiwari
|votes = 15,707
|percentage = 13.48
|change = -11.64
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the Above
|candidate = None of the Above
|votes = 2,183
|percentage = 1.87
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Kartik Kumkar
|votes = 612
|percentage = 0.53
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 13,216
|percentage = 10.34
|change = -4.68
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,16,557
|percentage = 56.20
|change = +8.51
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing = +7.15
}}
{{Election box end}}

===By-election, 2014===

A by-election was held on 13 September 2014 following the resignation of the sitting MLA, Shikha Chowdhury (Mitra) who switched over from Trinamool Congress to Congress.<ref name=vidhansabha2014by>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/ECI_Main1/current/ByeElecResult2014_WestBengal.pdf|title = 162 Chowrangee Assembly Constituency| work= By election 2014|publisher= Election Commission of India | access-date = 15 October 2014}}</ref>
{{Election box begin|title=By-election, 2014: Chowrangee}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Nayna Bandyopadhyay]]
|votes = 38,328
|percentage = 40.14
|change = -31.76
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Ritesh Tiwari
|votes = 23,984
|percentage = 25.12
|change = +20.78
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Santosh Kumar Pathak
|votes = 23,317
|percentage = 24.42
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Adv. Faiyaz Ahmed Khan
|votes = 8,890
|percentage = 9.09
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 14,344
|percentage = 15.02
|change = -37.23
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 96,650
|percentage = 47.69
|change = -4.56
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing = -31.76
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===

{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Chowrangi|Chowrangee]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Sikha Chowdhury (Mitra)
|votes = 79,450
|percentage = 71.90
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|candidate = Bimal Singh
|votes = 21,711
|percentage = 19.65
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Shahnawaz Ahmed
|votes = 4,799
|percentage = 4.34
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Minorities Front
|candidate = Abdul Wahab
|votes = 1,640
|percentage = 1.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 57,739
|percentage = 52.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,10,506
|percentage = 54.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box win|
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Kolkata constituencies}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Kolkata district]]
[[Category:Constituencies established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in West Bengal]]

Adani Group

2026-03-21T21:58:16Z

SilasCorrie:

{{Short description|Indian multinational conglomerate}}
{{for|other uses or companies named Adani|Adani (disambiguation)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Adani Group
| logo = Adani Group logo.svg
| logo_size = 230px
| caption =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| type = [[Corporate group]]
| traded_as =
| ISIN =
| fate =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1988|07|20|df=yes}}
| founder = [[Gautam Adani]]
| defunct =
| location_city = [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]]
| location_country = India
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = [[Gautam Adani]] ([[chairman]])
| revenue = {{up}} {{INRconvert|3.09|lc|lk=on}}<ref name =bt2024>{{cite web | last=Tyagi | first=Prince | title=How has Adani Group performed in 5 years? | website=Business Today | date=28 May 2024 | url=https://www.businesstoday.in/markets/company-stock/story/how-has-adani-group-performed-in-5-years-431160-2024-05-28/ | access-date=31 May 2024|quote =Data available from ACE Equity showed that the Adani Group has posted a record Rs 42,396 crore profit after tax (PAT) in FY24 from its 10 firms. While the top line for the group stands at Rs 3.09 lakh crore on consolidated basis and it has paid Rs 6,482 crore as taxes in FY24.| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240529095424/https://www.businesstoday.in/markets/company-stock/story/how-has-adani-group-performed-in-5-years-431160-2024-05-28|archive-date =29 May 2024| url-status =live }}</ref>
| revenue_year = 2024
| profit = {{up}} {{INRconvert|41263|c}}<ref name =bt2024/>
| profit_year = 2024
| industry = [[Conglomerate (company)|Conglomerate]]
| products =
| services = {{hlist|[[Port management]] |[[Electric power industry|Electric power]] |[[Mining]] |[[Renewable energy]] |[[Airport#Management|Airport operations]] |[[Oil and gas]] |[[Food processing]] |[[Infrastructure]]<ref name="Financials"/>}}
| owner = 
| num_employees = ~36,000 (2024)<ref name="Financials">{{cite web |url=https://www.adani.com/About-us |title=About us {{!}} Growth with Goodness |access-date=13 December 2020 |archive-date=23 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623183756/https://www.adani.com/About-us |url-status=live }}</ref>
| parent =
| subsid = {{plainlist|
* [[Adani Enterprises]]
* [[Adani Ports & SEZ]]
* [[Adani Green Energy]]
* [[Adani Power]]
* [[Adani Energy Solutions]]
* Adani Total Gas
* Adani Defence and Aerospace
* Adani University
* [[Ambuja Cements]]
* [[ACC (company)|ACC]]
* [[NDTV]]
* [[Jaiprakash Associates]]
* [[Abbot Point|North Queensland Export Terminal]]
* Adani Foundation
}}
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.adani.com/|adani.com}}
| footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Financials {{!}} Adani Enterprises Limited |url=https://www.adanienterprises.com/investors/investor-downloads |access-date=13 April 2023 |website=[[Adani Enterprises]] |language=en |archive-date=13 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413140035/https://www.adanienterprises.com/investors/investor-downloads |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Financials {{!}} Adani Ports and Logistics |url=https://origin-webapp.adaniports.com/investors/investor-downloads |access-date=13 April 2023 |website=[[Adani Ports & SEZ]] |language=en |archive-date=13 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413140037/https://origin-webapp.adaniports.com/investors/investor-downloads |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Financials {{!}} Adani Power |url=https://www.adanipower.com/investors/investor-downloads |access-date=13 April 2023 |website=[[Adani Power]] |archive-date=13 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413140036/https://www.adanipower.com/investors/investor-downloads |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Financials {{!}} Adani Transmission |url=https://www.adanitransmission.com/investors |access-date=13 April 2023 |website=[[Adani Transmission]] |archive-date=13 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413140035/https://www.adanitransmission.com/investors |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Financials {{!}} Adani Total Gas |url=https://www.adanigas.com/investors/investor-downloads |access-date=13 April 2023 |website=www.adanigas.com |language=en |archive-date=13 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413140036/https://www.adanigas.com/investors/investor-downloads |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Financials {{!}} Adani Wilmar |url=https://www.adaniwilmar.com/investors/annual-reports |access-date=13 April 2023 |website=www.adaniwilmar.com |archive-date=13 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413140045/https://www.adaniwilmar.com/investors/annual-reports |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Financials {{!}} Ambuja Cement |url=https://www.ambujacement.com/investors/annual-reports |access-date=13 April 2023 |website=[[Ambuja Cements]] |archive-date=13 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413140043/https://www.ambujacement.com/investors/annual-reports |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Financials {{!}} ACC Limited |url=https://www.acclimited.com/investor-relations/financial-annual-results |access-date=13 April 2023 |website=[[ACC (company)]] |archive-date=13 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413140038/https://www.acclimited.com/investor-relations/financial-annual-results |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Financials {{!}} NDTV |url=https://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/corporatepage/annual_reports.aspx |access-date=13 April 2023 |website=[[NDTV]] |archive-date=13 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413140034/https://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/corporatepage/annual_reports.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}

'''Adani Group''' ({{IPA|hi|əd̪aːniː|lang}}, {{IPA|gu|əd̪aɳiː|lang}}) is an Indian [[Multinational corporation|multinational]] [[Conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]], headquartered in [[Ahmedabad]]. Founded by [[Gautam Adani]] in 1988 as a [[commodity trading]] business, the Group's businesses include [[port|sea]] and [[airport]] management, [[electricity generation]] and [[Electric power transmission|transmission]], [[mining]], [[natural gas]], [[food processing|food]], [[Military technology|weapons]], and [[infrastructure]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/after-adag-adani-enters-defence-sector-signs-up-with-israeli-firm/article8414039.ece|title=After ADAG, Adani enters defence sector, signs up with Israeli firm|date=30 March 2016|access-date=25 June 2018|archive-date=2 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202210530/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/after-adag-adani-enters-defence-sector-signs-up-with-israeli-firm/article8414039.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> It is particularly active in metal commodity exchange. More than 60% of its revenue is derived from coal-related businesses.<ref name="godda" />

Noted for its close association with the ruling [[Bharatiya Janata Party]],<ref name="Aljazeera230301">{{cite web | title=Modi govt allowed Adani coal deals it knew were 'inappropriate' | website=Al Jazeera | date=1 March 2023 | url=https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2023/3/1/modi-govt-allowed-adani-coal-deals-it-knew-were-inappropriate | access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref><ref name="dw20230702">{{cite web | last=Krishnan | first=Murali | title=India: Is the Adani crisis becoming a liability for Modi? – DW – 02/07/2023 | website=Deutsche Welle | date=7 February 2023 | url=https://www.dw.com/en/india-is-adani-crisis-becoming-a-political-liability-for-modi/a-64632399 | access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref> Adani was the largest Indian conglomerate as of 2022 with a US$206 billion market capitalisation, surpassing [[Tata Group]].<ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/adani-beats-tatas-to-be-most-valued-group/articleshow/94255942.cms|access-date=17 September 2022|title=Adani beats Tatas to be most valued group|website=Times of India|date=17 September 2022|language=en|archive-date=17 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220917015055/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/adani-beats-tatas-to-be-most-valued-group/articleshow/94255942.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> It lost more than $104 billion in value after [[#Stock manipulation and accounting fraud allegations|fraud and market manipulation allegations]] by short-seller firm [[Hindenburg Research]].<ref name="report" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Gautam Adani: the Indian billionaire vs the short seller |date=10 July 2023 |url=https://www.ft.com/video/5de54044-3095-4670-83d4-84dce3a57845 |access-date=11 July 2023 |language=en-GB}}</ref> In May 2024, the Adani Group's market capitalisation returned to over $200 billion after the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] directed the [[Securities and Exchange Board of India]] (SEBI) to expedite its investigation.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 May 2024 |title=Adani Group mcap rises to Rs 17.5 trn, highest since Hindenburg incident |url=https://www.business-standard.com/companies/news/adani-group-mcap-rises-to-rs-17-5-trn-highest-since-hindenburg-incident-124052301431_1.html |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=Business Standard}}</ref>

The Adani Group has also attracted other [[#Controversies|controversies]] due to reports suggesting [[stock manipulation]], [[accounting irregularities]], exporting [[military drone]]s to Israel for its [[Gaza war|war in Gaza]], [[political corruption]], [[cronyism]], [[tax evasion]], [[environmental damage]], [[Strategic lawsuit against public participation|suing journalists]] and [[money laundering]].<ref name="r843">{{cite web | title=Swiss prosecutors freeze $310mn as part of Adani investigation | website=Financial Times | date=2024-09-13 | url=https://www.ft.com/content/85a68905-826a-4f9d-b020-bcb202ef6842 | access-date=2025-09-24}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{cite news |last1=Findlay |first1=Stephanie |last2=Lockett |first2=Hudson |title='Modi's Rockefeller': Gautam Adani and the concentration of power in India |url=https://www.ft.com/content/474706d6-1243-4f1e-b365-891d4c5d528b |access-date=24 January 2023 |publisher=Financial Times |date=13 November 2020 |archive-date=24 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124073449/https://www.ft.com/content/474706d6-1243-4f1e-b365-891d4c5d528b |url-status=live}} {{cite news |last1=Madhok |first1=Diksha |title=Gautam Adani was a college dropout. Now he may be too big to fail |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/10/10/business/gautam-adani-india-risk-takers-22/index.html |access-date=24 January 2023 |work=CNN|date=13 November 2020 |archive-date=24 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124073451/https://edition.cnn.com/2022/10/10/business/gautam-adani-india-risk-takers-22/index.html |url-status=live}}{{cite web |last=Roy |first=Saumya |title=Q&A: 'Chilling': Journalist sued by Adani, cited by Hindenburg |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/21/qa-chilling-journalist-sued-by-adani-cited-by-hindenburg |website=Aljazeera |language=en |access-date=24 April 2023}}</ref><ref name="Exclusive: Was Adani's associate in China involved in violating UN Security Council sanctions against North Korea?" />

== History ==
Adani Exports Limited started as a commodity trading company in 1988 and expanded into importing and exporting multiple commodities. With a capital of ₹5 [[lakhs]], the company was established as a partnership firm with the flagship company Adani Enterprises, previously Adani Exports.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://business.mapsofindia.com/business-leaders/gautam-adani.html|title=Gautam Adani Biography- About family, children, education, wife, age, and more|website=business.mapsofindia.com|access-date=25 June 2018|archive-date=3 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703183848/https://business.mapsofindia.com/business-leaders/gautam-adani.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 1990, the Adani Group developed its own port in [[Mundra]] to provide a base for its trading operations. It began construction at Mundra in 1995. In 1998, it became the top net foreign exchange earner for India Inc.<ref name="superbrandsindia.com" /> The company began coal trading in 1999, followed by a joint venture in edible oil refining in 2000 with the formation of Adani Wilmar.<ref name="dnaindia.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-adani-to-bring-wilmar-products-to-india-1768311|title=Adani to bring Wilmar products to India|date=23 November 2012|access-date=25 June 2018|archive-date=23 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423184928/https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-adani-to-bring-wilmar-products-to-india-1768311|url-status=live}}</ref>

Adani handled 4 Mt of cargo at Mundra in 2002, becoming the largest private port in India. Later in 2006, the company became the largest [[coal]] importer in India with 11 Mt of coal handling.<ref name="superbrandsindia.com" />
The company expanded its business in 2008, purchasing [[Bunyu]] Mine in Indonesia which has 180 Mt of coal reserves. In 2009 the firm began generating 330 MW of thermal power. It also built an edible oil refining capacity in India of 2.2 Mt per annum.<ref name="superbrandsindia.com" />

In 2010, Adani group with help of [[Petronet LNG]] will set up a solid cargo port through a Joint Venture company namely Adani Petronet (Dahej) Port Private Ltd., has already commenced its Phase 1 operations from August 2010 at Dahej Port. solid cargo port terminal would have facilities to import/export bulk products like coal, steel and fertiliser. PLL has 26% equity in this JV.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://petronetlng.in/solid-cargo-ports.php |title=Petronet LNG Limited : Solid Cargo Port |access-date=11 April 2023 |archive-date=11 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411060725/https://petronetlng.in/solid-cargo-ports.php |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/companies/-1078713.html |title=Adani Petronet expands Dahej port capacity |date=3 January 2012 |access-date=11 April 2023 |archive-date=11 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411060727/https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/companies/-1078713.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

The Adani group became India's largest private coal mining company after Adani Enterprises won the Orissa mine rights in 2010.<ref name=":5">{{cite web |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-10-27/news/27576926_1_coal-block-chhattisgarh-mineral-development-corporation-adani-enterprises |title=Adani bags rights to develop Orissa coal block |date=27 October 2010 |website=Economic Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015035046/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-10-27/news/27576926_1_coal-block-chhattisgarh-mineral-development-corporation-adani-enterprises |archive-date=15 October 2012 |url-status=dead |access-date=16 December 2018}}</ref> Operations at the [[Port of Dahej]] commenced in 2011 and its capacity subsequently grew to 20 Mt. The company also bought [[Galilee Basin]] mine in [[Australia]] with 10.4 gigatonnes (Gt) of coal reserves.<ref>{{cite news |last=Readfearn |first=Graham |date=8 January 2022 |title=After Adani: whatever happened to Queensland's Galilee basin coal boom? |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2022/jan/09/after-adani-whatever-happened-to-queenslands-galilee-basin-coal-boom |access-date=15 August 2023 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> More than 60 per cent of the Adani Group's revenue is derived from coal-related businesses.<ref name="godda" />

In 2011, the Adani group also bought [[Abbot Point]] port in Australia with 50 Mt of handling capacity. It commissioned India's largest solar power plant with a capacity 40 MW. As the firm achieved 3,960 MW capacity, it became the largest private sector thermal power producer in India. In 2012 The company shifted its focus on three business clusters – resources, logistics and energy.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/adani-group-to-have-new-identity-logo/article23064221.ece|title=Adani Group to have new identity, logo|date=22 February 2012|access-date=25 June 2018|archive-date=10 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410214649/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/adani-group-to-have-new-identity-logo/article23064221.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

Adani Power emerged as India's largest private power producer in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Industry/Jv2Ih444FhQCbWRNfZpGkI/Adani-power-commissions-fourth-unit-of-Tiroda-power-plant.html|title=Adani Power commissions 4th unit of Tiroda power plant in Gujarat|first=Makarand|last=Gadgil|date=3 April 2014|access-date=25 June 2018|archive-date=10 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410220146/https://www.livemint.com/Industry/Jv2Ih444FhQCbWRNfZpGkI/Adani-power-commissions-fourth-unit-of-Tiroda-power-plant.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Adani Power's total installed capacity then stood at 9,280 MW.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-04-04/news/48866632_1_power-generation-capacity-power-sector-adani-power |title=Adani Power becomes India's largest private power producer |date=4 April 2014 |website=[[The Economic Times]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407064138/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-04-04/news/48866632_1_power-generation-capacity-power-sector-adani-power |archive-date=7 April 2014 |url-status=dead |access-date=16 December 2018}}</ref> On 16 May of the same year, Adani Ports acquired Dhamra Port on East coast of India for {{INRConvert|5500|c|lk=|year=2014}}.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/shipping-/-transport/adani-ports-acquires-dhamra-port-on-east-coast-of-india-for-rs-5500-crore/articleshow/35206023.cms|title=Adani Ports acquires Dhamra Port on east coast of India for Rs 5,500 crore|first1=Megha|last1=Mandavia|first2=Arijit|last2=Barman|date=17 May 2014|access-date=25 June 2018|newspaper=The Economic Times|archive-date=10 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410214656/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/shipping-/-transport/adani-ports-acquires-dhamra-port-on-east-coast-of-india-for-rs-5500-crore/articleshow/35206023.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhamra Port was a 50:50 joint venture between [[Tata Steel]] and [[Larsen & Toubro|L&T Infrastructure]] Development Projects, which has been acquired by Adani Ports. The port began operations in May 2011 and handled a total cargo of 14.3 Mt in 2013{{ndash}}14.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/adani-acquires-dhamra-port-for-rs-5-500-crore-114051601060_1.html|title=Adani acquires Dhamra Port for Rs 5,500 crore|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=17 May 2014|access-date=25 June 2018|via=Business Standard|archive-date=10 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410220159/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/adani-acquires-dhamra-port-for-rs-5-500-crore-114051601060_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> With the acquisition of [[Dhamra Port]], the group is planning to increase its capacity to over 200 Mt by 2020.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/adani-ports-acquires-dhamra-port-for-rs5500-cr/article6017248.ece|title=Adani Ports acquires Dhamra Port for Rs.5,500 cr|newspaper=The Hindu|date=16 May 2014|access-date=25 June 2018|via=www.thehindu.com|archive-date=21 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521105727/http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/adani-ports-acquires-dhamra-port-for-rs5500-cr/article6017248.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/deals/adani-buys-dhamra-port-from-tata-steel-l-and-t/story/206299.html|title=Adani Ports buys Dhamra Port from Tata Steel, L&T for Rs 5,500 crore|website=businesstoday.in|date=17 May 2014|access-date=25 June 2018|archive-date=21 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621003141/https://www.businesstoday.in/current/deals/adani-buys-dhamra-port-from-tata-steel-l-and-t/story/206299.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Krishnapatnam_port_cranes_unloadng_a_ship.jpg|thumb|[[Krishnapatnam Port]] in Andhra Pradesh]]
In 2015, the Adani Group's Adani Renewable Energy Park signed a pact with the [[Government of Rajasthan|Rajasthan Government]] for a 50:50 joint venture to set up India's largest solar park with a capacity of 10,000 MW.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-adani-to-set-up-country-s-largest-solar-park-of-10000-mw-in-rajasthan-2095988|title=Adani to set up country's largest solar park of 10,000 MW in Rajasthan|date=16 June 2015|access-date=25 June 2018|archive-date=25 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625190641/http://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-adani-to-set-up-country-s-largest-solar-park-of-10000-mw-in-rajasthan-2095988|url-status=live}}</ref> In November 2015, the Adani group began construction at the port in [[Vizhinjam]], [[Kerala]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marinelink.com/news/vizhinjam-kerala-adani396369|title=Adani in Pact with Kerala for Vizhinjam Port|date=18 August 2015|access-date=25 June 2018|archive-date=26 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426093220/https://www.marinelink.com/news/vizhinjam-kerala-adani396369|url-status=live}}</ref>

Adani Aero Defence signed a pact with the Israeli arms manufacturer, [[Elbit]]-ISTAR, and Alpha Design Technologies to work in the field of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in India in 2016. In April, Adani Enterprises secured approval from the [[Government of Gujarat]] to begin work on building a solar power equipment plant. In September, [[Adani Green Energy]] ([[Tamil Nadu]]), the renewable wing of the Adani Group, began operations in [[Kamuthi]] in [[Ramanathapuram]], Tamil Nadu with a capacity of 648 MW at an estimated cost of {{INRConvert|4550|c|lk=|year=2016}}.<ref name="auto1" /> In the same month, the Adani Group inaugurated a 648 MW single-location solar power plant. It was the world's largest solar power plant at the time it was set up.<ref name="auto1" />

On 22 December 2017, the Adani Group acquired the power arm of [[Reliance Infrastructure]] for {{INRconvert|18800|c|year=2017|mode=historical}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Companies/9bKCuIrmHj5gHLINdSO7XO/Reliance-Infra-sells-Mumbai-power-business-to-Adani-Transmis.html|title=Reliance Infrastructure sells Mumbai power business to Adani Transmission for Rs18,800 crore|first=Shakti|last=Patra|date=21 December 2017|access-date=25 June 2018|archive-date=25 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725052344/https://www.livemint.com/Companies/9bKCuIrmHj5gHLINdSO7XO/Reliance-Infra-sells-Mumbai-power-business-to-Adani-Transmis.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In October 2019, [[France|French]] oil and gas company [[TotalEnergies]] bought a 37.4% stake in Adani Gas for {{INRconvert|6155|c|year=2019|mode=historical}} and obtained joint control of the company.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Manoj |first1=P. |title=Total buys 37.4 per cent stake in Adani Gas for Rs 6,155 crore |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/total-buys-374-stake-in-adani-gas-for-rs-5662-crore/article29678364.ece |access-date=5 July 2021 |work=Business Line |date=14 October 2019 |language=en |archive-date=10 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410221723/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/total-buys-374-stake-in-adani-gas-for-rs-5662-crore/article29678364.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Total also invested {{USD}}510 million in a subsidiary of Adani Green Energy in February 2020.<ref>{{cite news |title=Adani Green Energy surges after signing deal with Total for $510 million |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/productline/power-generation/adani-green-energy-surges-after-signing-deal-with-total-for-510-million/articleshow/74133215.cms |access-date=6 July 2021 |work=The Economic Times |archive-date=10 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410220144/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/productline/power-generation/adani-green-energy-surges-after-signing-deal-with-total-for-510-million/articleshow/74133215.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:NIGHT - Jaipur International Airport (13-07-2022) 01.jpg|thumb|[[Jaipur International Airport]]]]

In August 2020, Adani Group obtained a majority stake in [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport|Mumbai]] and [[Navi Mumbai International Airport|Navi Mumbai]] airports after entering a debt acquisition agreement with [[GVK Industries|GVK Group]].<ref name="tussle">{{cite news |title=Adani takes over MIAL, Navi Mumbai airports after a 2-year tussle with GVK |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/gvk-in-deal-with-adani-group-for-mumbai-international-airport/article32484211.ece |access-date=5 June 2021 |work=Business Line |language=en |archive-date=2 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602100733/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/gvk-in-deal-with-adani-group-for-mumbai-international-airport/article32484211.ece |url-status=live}}</ref> Through a [[concession (contract)|concession agreement]] with the [[Airports Authority of India]], Adani Group also obtained a 50-year lease on Ahmedabad, Guwahati, Jaipur, Lucknow, Mangalore and Thiruvananthapuram airports.<ref name="hikeown">{{cite news |title=Adani Group completes acquisition of 23.5% stake in Mumbai Airport; to hike ownership to 74% |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/corporate/adani-group-completes-acquisition-of-235-stake-in-mumbai-airport-to-hike-ownership-to-74/story/430554.html |access-date=25 April 2021 |work=www.businesstoday.in |archive-date=3 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603151256/https://www.businesstoday.in/current/corporate/adani-group-completes-acquisition-of-235-stake-in-mumbai-airport-to-hike-ownership-to-74/story/430554.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In May 2021, Adani Green Energy acquired SB Energy, a joint venture of [[SoftBank Group]] and [[Bharti Enterprises]], for {{USD}}3.5 billion.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jai |first1=Shreya |title=Adani Green buys SB Energy from Softbank and Bharti; firm valued at $3.5 bn |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/adani-green-buys-sb-energy-from-softbank-and-bharti-firm-valued-at-3-5-bn-121051900157_1.html |access-date=5 July 2021 |work=Business Standard India |date=19 May 2021 |archive-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182645/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/adani-green-buys-sb-energy-from-softbank-and-bharti-firm-valued-at-3-5-bn-121051900157_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In May 2022, the Adani Group acquired [[Ambuja Cements]] and [[ACC (company)|ACC]] for $10.5 billion. The deal will make the Adani Group the second largest cement maker in India.<ref>{{Cite web |last3= |first3= |title=Adani Group becomes India's 2nd largest cement maker with $10.5 billion acquisition of Ambuja-ACC |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/business/story/adani-group-india-2nd-largest-cement-maker-acquires-10-5-billion-ambuja-acc-holcim-1949859-2022-05-16 |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=India Today |date= 16 May 2022|language=en |archive-date=16 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516073134/https://www.indiatoday.in/business/story/adani-group-india-2nd-largest-cement-maker-acquires-10-5-billion-ambuja-acc-holcim-1949859-2022-05-16 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In May 2022, UAE-based conglomerate International Holding Company (IHC), headed by Syed Basar Shueb, invested {{USD}}2 billion in three Adani Group companies, namely Adani Green Energy, Adani Transmission and Adani Enterprises.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/power/three-adani-group-companies-receive-2-billion-from-abu-dhabis-ihc/articleshow/91620861.cms | title=Three Adani Group companies receive $2 billion from Abu Dhabi's IHC | newspaper=The Economic Times | access-date=30 June 2022 | archive-date=30 June 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630093301/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/power/three-adani-group-companies-receive-2-billion-from-abu-dhabis-ihc/articleshow/91620861.cms | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/abu-dhabi-s-ihc-invests-rs-15-400-crore-in-three-adani-firms-11652779640296.html | title=Abu Dhabi's IHC invests ₹15,400 crore in three Adani firms | date=17 May 2022 | access-date=30 June 2022 | archive-date=30 June 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630093259/https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/abu-dhabi-s-ihc-invests-rs-15-400-crore-in-three-adani-firms-11652779640296.html | url-status=live }}</ref> In June 2022, [[TotalEnergies]] acquired a 25% stake in Adani New Industries, the newly formed [[green hydrogen]] subsidiary of [[Adani Enterprises]], for {{USD}}12.5 billion.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Laskar |first1=Anirudh |title=French energy giant TotalEnergies to invest $12.5 bn in Adani Group's new firm |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/french-energy-giant-totalenergies-to-invest-12-5-bn-in-adani-group-s-new-firm-11655186103383.html |access-date=1 July 2022 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |date=14 June 2022 |language=en |archive-date=1 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701143143/https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/french-energy-giant-totalenergies-to-invest-12-5-bn-in-adani-group-s-new-firm-11655186103383.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In May 2025, Adani Group abruptly ended its partnership with China-based lounge provider DragonPass, days after announcing it, stating DragonPass users would no longer access Adani airport lounges, with no impact on other customers.<ref name="TOI2025">{{cite news |title=Adanis terminate deal with Chinese company DragonPass |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/adanis-terminate-deal-with-chinese-company-dragonpass/articleshow/121196330.cms |work=The Times of India |date=16 May 2025 |access-date=16 May 2025}}</ref>

== Criticism ==
=== Coal mining in Australia ===
{{main|Carmichael coal mine}}
[[File:Adani's Abbot Point coal spill photos (33962498356).jpg|thumb|Coal spill at [[Abbot Point]], Australia, after [[Cyclone Debbie]] in 2017]]
The Adani Group launched in 2014, with the support of the [[Australian Government|Australian]] and [[Queensland Government]]s, a mining and rail project, the [[Carmichael coal mine]], in [[Queensland]]'s [[Galilee Basin]], for $21.5 billion over the life of the project, i.e. 60 years.<ref name="DescriptionAdani90ans" /> Its annual capacity would be 10 Mt of thermal coal.<ref>{{cite web|title=Carmichael Mine {{!}} Bravus Mining & Resources|url=https://www.bravus.com.au/carmichael-mine/|access-date=18 May 2021|website=Carmichael Mine {{!}} Bravus Mining & Resources|language=en|archive-date=25 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325025450/https://www.bravus.com.au/carmichael-mine/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In response to pressure by environmental activists, some international banks refused to finance it.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/nov/18/carmichael-mine-environmental-impact-unknown-for-years|title=Carmichael mine: environmental impact will be unknown for years|first=Oliver|last=Milman|newspaper=The Guardian|date=17 November 2014|via=www.theguardian.com|access-date=9 September 2019|archive-date=20 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020003431/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/nov/18/carmichael-mine-environmental-impact-unknown-for-years|url-status=live}}</ref> The mine has drawn criticism for its environmental impacts on the [[Great Barrier Reef]], water usage, and [[carbon emissions]],<ref name="lcmia">{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/jul/28/largest-coal-mine-in-australia-federal-government-gives-carmichael-go-ahead |title=Largest coal mine in Australia: federal government gives Carmichael go-ahead |author=Oliver Milman |access-date=2 August 2014 |date=28 July 2014 |work=[[The Guardian]] |archive-date=29 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729120833/http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/jul/28/largest-coal-mine-in-australia-federal-government-gives-carmichael-go-ahead |url-status=live }}</ref> leading to a campaign known as [[Stop Adani]], which put pressure on the [[Big Four (banking)|Big Four banks]] in Australia not to finance the mine.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gulliver |first=Robyn |date=11 October 2022 |title=Australian Campaign Case Study: Stop Adani, 2012 - 2022 |url=https://commonslibrary.org/australian-campaign-case-study-stop-adani-2012-2022/ |access-date=10 November 2022 |website=The Commons Social Change Library |language=en-AU |archive-date=10 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110031949/https://commonslibrary.org/australian-campaign-case-study-stop-adani-2012-2022/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=How a 3 year campaign moved Westpac to rule out new coal basins | website=Stop Adani | date=1 August 2018 | url=https://www.stopadani.com/how_a_3_year_campaign_moved_westpac | access-date=29 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=An incredible moment for the #StopAdani campaign. | via=Free Online Library | date=2017 |author=[[Australian Conservation Foundation]] | url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/An+incredible+moment+for+the+%23StopAdani+campaign-a0510482303 | access-date=29 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=28 April 2017|title=Big four banks distance themselves from Adani coalmine as Westpac rules out loan|url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/apr/28/big-four-banks-all-refuse-to-fund-adani-coalmine-after-westpac-rules-out-loan|access-date=10 July 2021|website=[[The Guardian]]|language=en}}</ref> In November 2018, Adani Australia announced that the Carmichael project would be 100% financed by Adani Group resources.<ref>{{Cite news|agency=Press Trust of India|date=29 November 2018|title=Adani's Carmichael mine, rail project to be financed through group's resources|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/adani-s-carmichael-mine-rail-project-to-be-financed-through-group-s-resources-118112900349_1.html|access-date=18 May 2021|archive-date=10 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410220147/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/adani-s-carmichael-mine-rail-project-to-be-financed-through-group-s-resources-118112900349_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2015, the then-head of Adani's Australian mining division came under scrutiny due to his association with a mining pollution incident in [[Zambia]], sparking renewed concerns about Adani's suitability to manage the Carmichael coal mine. According to a collaborative report from [[Environmental justice in Australia|Environmental Justice Australia]], Jeyakumar Janakaraj held significant positions at a mining company that faced criminal charges related to the contamination of the [[Kafue River]] in Zambia. This occurred before he assumed leadership role of Adani's operations in Australia. Specifically, Janakaraj served as the operations director at [[Konkola Copper Mines]] in 2010, when the company faced legal charges concerning the discharge of hazardous wastewater into the river.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Robertson |first=Joshua |date=12 November 2015 |title=Boss of Adani's Australian arm linked to mining pollution in Zambia |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/nov/13/boss-adani-australian-arm-linked-mining-pollution-zambia |access-date=21 August 2023 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> However, the Australian Government characterised Adani's omission of Janakaraj's involvement in the African pollution incident as a "mistake."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Willacy |first=Mark |date=20 January 2016 |title=Adani 'made mistake' in failing to disclose CEO ran polluting mine |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-01-21/adanis-non-disclosure-of-ceos-pollution-history-a-mistake/7102270 |access-date=21 August 2023}}</ref> Although, under section 489 of Australia's ''[[Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999]]'', presenting inaccurate or deceptive information could potentially constitute an offence, the federal government opted not to pursue any legal action against Adani.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Slezak |first=Michael |date=21 January 2016 |title=Adani to face no action over Australian CEO's link to Zambia mine pollution |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/jan/21/adani-to-face-no-action-over-australian-ceos-link-to-zambia-mine-pollution |access-date=21 August 2023 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

The [[Australian Government]] has been taken to the [[Federal Court of Australia]] by the [[Australian Conservation Foundation]] twice, once in 2018 and once in March 2020 (still ongoing {{as of|lc=yes|September 2020}}), relating to its contravention and alleged contravention of the ''[[Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999]]'' with respect to the impact of the Carmichael mine on [[groundwater]] and the country's [[water resources]].<ref name="acf2020">{{cite web |title=ACF challenges Morrison Government decision to not apply water trigger to Adani pipeline |website=Australian Conservation Foundation |date=16 March 2020 |url=https://www.acf.org.au/acf_challenges_morrison_govt_decision_to_not_apply_water_trigger_to_adani_pipeline |access-date=31 August 2020 |archive-date=15 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315190040/https://www.acf.org.au/acf_challenges_morrison_govt_decision_to_not_apply_water_trigger_to_adani_pipeline |url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2019, the project received its final approvals from the government, and construction of the mine commenced.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.statedevelopment.qld.gov.au/coordinator-general/assessments-and-approvals/coordinated-projects/completed-projects/carmichael-coal-mine-and-rail-project.html|title=Carmichael Coal Mine and Rail Project|website=statedevelopment.qld.gov.au|date=12 November 2020|access-date=5 February 2020|archive-date=25 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125021707/https://statedevelopment.qld.gov.au/coordinator-general/assessments-and-approvals/coordinated-projects/completed-projects/carmichael-coal-mine-and-rail-project.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2020, Adani Mining changed its name to Bravus Mining and Resources.<ref>{{cite news |last=Philpott |first=Meech |date=5 November 2020 |title=Adani Mining changes name to Bravus in Australia |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-11-05/adani-changes-name-to-barvus-mining-and-resources/12851592 |access-date=19 September 2022 |archive-date=26 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226193234/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-11-05/adani-changes-name-to-barvus-mining-and-resources/12851592 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 29 December 2021, Bravus announced that the first shipment of high-quality coal from the Carmichael mine had been assembled at the [[North Queensland Export Terminal]] (NQXT) in [[Bowen, Queensland|Bowen]] ready for export as planned.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bravus.com.au/carmichael-s-first-export-ready-to-sail-yzj7r4/ |title=''Carmichael's first export ready to sail'' |access-date=2 January 2022 |archive-date=2 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102083113/https://www.bravus.com.au/carmichael-s-first-export-ready-to-sail-yzj7r4/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Cronyism ===
[[File:Narendra Modi by Rangilo 03.JPG|thumb|[[Narendra Modi]] in 2012]]
Chairman and MD Gautam Adani has been described as being close to former [[Chief Minister of Gujarat]] and Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] and his ruling [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP).<ref name="Farrer">{{cite news |last1=Farrer |first1=Martin |title=Media freedom fears in India after Modi ally Adani buys 29% stake in NDTV |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/24/media-freedom-fears-in-india-after-modi-ally-adani-buys-29-stake-in-ndtv |access-date=31 December 2022 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=24 August 2022 |archive-date=30 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230214325/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/24/media-freedom-fears-in-india-after-modi-ally-adani-buys-29-stake-in-ndtv |url-status=live }}</ref> This has led to allegations of [[cronyism]] as his firms have won many Indian energy and infrastructure government contracts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2022 |title=For India, the Adani Group is growing too big to fail |url=https://qz.com/for-india-the-adani-group-is-growing-too-big-to-fail-1849873489 |access-date=13 December 2022 |website=Quartz |language=en |archive-date=13 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213224509/https://qz.com/for-india-the-adani-group-is-growing-too-big-to-fail-1849873489 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2012, an Indian government audit accused Modi of giving low cost fuel from a Gujarat state-run gas company to the Adani group and other companies.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 March 2012 |title=CAG slams Modi regime for financial irregularities |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/cag-slams-modi-regime-for-financial-irregularities/article3263639.ece |access-date=13 December 2022 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=13 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213232523/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/cag-slams-modi-regime-for-financial-irregularities/article3263639.ece |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="BBC News" /> In Jharkhand, the BJP-led state government made an exception to its energy policy for Adani's [[Godda Thermal Power Station|Godda power plant]].<ref name="godda" /> Both the Adani Group and Modi's government have denied allegations of cronyism.<ref name="BBC News" />

The ''Forbes Asia'' noted that Adani Group has over the years leased almost 7,350 hectares of land from the government for the amount as small as " one U.S. cent a square meter (the rate maxed out at 45 cents a square meter). He in turn has sublet this land to other companies, including state-owned Indian Oil Co., for as much as $11 a square meter". Between 2005 and 2007, Adani group acquired around 1200 hectares of land meant for grazing (gauchar) from the villagers for Adani SEZ. In Kutch, Adani group acquired 930,770 square meters of land from the villagers for 19 cents per square meter for its power plant leading to significant environmental damage. Villagers living in Adani SEZ alleged that the land was signed off by village chiefs without their knowledge.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/108-hectares-grazing-land-adani-taken-back-guj-govt-9435650/|title=Win for villagers: 108 hectares of grazing land given to Adani to be taken back, Guj govt tells HC|access-date=16 September 2024|date=5 July 2024}}</ref><ref name="forbesasia">{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbeswealthteam/2023/01/26/who-is-gautam-adani-the-indian-billionaire-that-short-seller-hindenburg-says-is-running-a-corporate-con/|title=Who Is Gautam Adani, The Indian Billionaire That Short Seller Hindenburg Says Is Running A 'Corporate Con'?|author=|date=26 January 2023|access-date=16 September 2024}}</ref> Adani group's subsidiary, [[Adani Ports & SEZ]] currently operates 15 ports across all Indian states.<ref name="businesstoday.in">{{Cite news|last=Jayakumar |first=P. B. |date=1 January 2017 |title=King of Ports |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/exclusive/india's-best-ceos-2016/indias-biggest-private-sector-port-infrastructure-company-is-on-an-expansion-spree/story/242147.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924001442/https://www.businesstoday.in/specials/indias-best-ceos-2016/story/indias-biggest-private-sector-port-infrastructure-company-is-on-an-expansion-spree-65303-2016-12-12 |archive-date=24 September 2022 |website=Business Today}}</ref><ref name="Manoj">{{Cite news |last=Manoj |first=P. |date=3 August 2017 |title=APSEZ set to become top container port operator |language=en |website=@businessline |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/apsez-set-to-become-top-container-port-operator/article9801005.ece |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=16 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208181220/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/apsez-set-to-become-top-container-port-operator/article64278870.ece |archive-date=8 February 2022}}</ref> The Adani group controls seven airports in India, six of which were acquired for 50 years in a bid after an alleged change of rules by the Modi government that had disallowed the group from bidding.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/aviation/adani-winning-bids-for-six-airports-former-head-of-privatisation-panel-explains-key-policy-changes-15898141.htm|title=Adani's winning bids for six airports: Former privatisation panel head explains key policy changes|date=9 February 2023|access-date=16 September 2024|first=Madeeha|last=Mujawar}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2023/feb/18/narendra-modi-hindu-nationalism-india-gautam-adani|first=Arundhati|last=Roy|date=18 February 2023|access-date=16 September 2024|title=Modi's model is at last revealed for what it is: violent Hindu nationalism underwritten by big business}}</ref>

Most Adani Group projects outside of India were announced after Narendra Modi's visits to said countries or meetings with their heads of state.<ref name="scroll1">{{cite news|first1=Ayush|last1=Tiwari|first2=Supriya |last2=Sharma|url=https://scroll.in/article/1073452/modi-leads-adani-follows-is-indias-diplomacy-in-lockstep-with-a-private-firms-global-expansion|title=Modi leads, Adani follows: Is India's diplomacy in lockstep with a private group's global expansion?|website=Scroll.in|access-date=19 September 2024|date=19 September 2024}}</ref> In 2021, after a meeting with Modi, Sri Lankan President [[Gotabaya Rajapaksa]] told an official from the electricity board that Modi had pressured him to transfer a wind energy project to the Adani Group.<ref name="scroll1" /><ref name="ft1">{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/38ff5ff6-aebe-46ae-bb97-c8071818b55d|first1=John|last1=Reed|first2=Benjamin|last2=Parkin|date=23 February 2024|access-date=19 September 2024|website=Financial Times|title=Gautam Adani's ties with India's Narendra Modi spur scrutiny of overseas deals}}</ref> After Modi's visit to Bangladesh, the Bangladeshi government under [[Sheikh Hasina]] signed a deal with the Adani Group to import electricity from [[Jharkhand]]. The opposition later argued that the deal was signed under pressure from the Modi government. The deal is currently under scrutiny of Bangladesh's interim government.<ref name="scroll1"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/top-member-of-dhaka-interim-govt-says-adani-power-deal-under-scrutiny-9563005/|title=Top member of Dhaka interim govt says Adani power deal under scrutiny|first= Shubhajit|last=Roy|date=12 September 2024|access-date=19 September 2024|website=Indian Express}}</ref><ref name="ft1" />
A report by [[The Washington Post]] revealed that in May 2025, India’s state insurer [[LIC India]] proposed investing $3.9 billion in Adani shares. Subsequently, LIC invested $585 million in Adani Ports when the company needed to pay off its existing debt. This move highlighted Adani’s influence within India’s Modi government and was criticized as a misuse of public funds.<ref>{{cite news | last1=Verma | first1=Pranshu | last2=Nair | first2=Ravi | title=India's $3.9 billion plan to help Modi's mogul ally after U.S. charges | newspaper=The Washington Post | date=24 October 2025 | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2025/10/24/india-adani-group-modi-lic/ | access-date=25 October 2025}}</ref>

=== Leverage ===
The company's [[corporate debt]] totalled $30 billion in 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/ba4f4249-c445-4369-a8fb-e7b0b0c13055|title='Extreme leverage'? Adani's debt-driven expansion under scrutiny|newspaper=Financial Times|date=1 February 2023|access-date=3 February 2023|archive-date=3 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203160017/https://www.ft.com/content/ba4f4249-c445-4369-a8fb-e7b0b0c13055|url-status=live}}</ref> In August 2022, CreditSights, a unit of [[Fitch Ratings]], warned that Adani's recent aggressive expansion had hurt the group's [[Operating cash flow|cash flow]] and [[Credit rating|credit metrics]]. It also stated that a potential "worst-case scenario" could lead the group to end up in a [[debt trap]] and a potential [[Default (finance)|default]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2022 |title=Explained: Fitch says Adani is 'over leveraged' — what does over leveraging mean in business? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/everyday-explainers/explained-fitch-says-adani-is-over-leveraged-what-does-over-leveraging-mean-in-business-8108575/ |access-date=13 December 2022 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=13 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213230644/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/everyday-explainers/explained-fitch-says-adani-is-over-leveraged-what-does-over-leveraging-mean-in-business-8108575/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=23 August 2022 |title=Adani's empire is 'deeply overleveraged,' Fitch Group unit warns |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/companies/adani-empire-deeply-overleveraged-fitch-group-creditsights-warns-8106772/ |access-date=13 December 2022 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=13 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213230646/https://indianexpress.com/article/business/companies/adani-empire-deeply-overleveraged-fitch-group-creditsights-warns-8106772/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The CreditSights report garnered significant attention for its dire assessment of Adani's "deeply [[Leverage (finance)|overleveraged]]" book; after outreach by Adani, CreditSights softened its language but kept its main conclusion.<ref>{{cite news |title=Adani Group debt data tweaked by CreditSights in toned down note |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/adani-group-debt-data-tweaked-by-creditsights-in-toned-down-note/articleshow/94071192.cms |access-date=10 January 2023 |work=The Times of India |publisher=Bloomberg |date=8 September 2022 |language=en |archive-date=10 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230110182937/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/adani-group-debt-data-tweaked-by-creditsights-in-toned-down-note/articleshow/94071192.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Stock market rigging ===
In 2007, the [[Securities and Exchange Board of India]] (SEBI) prohibited multiple Adani companies from engaging in the purchase or sale of securities for a period of two years.<ref name=":1" /> This action was taken due to their involvement in a manipulation scheme that occurred between 1999 and 2001 to artificially influence stock prices. This manipulation was carried out through entities overseen by [[Ketan Parekh]], the stockbroker who was the main accused in India's biggest stock market scandal.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Narayan |first=Khushboo |date=10 January 2020 |title=Court overturns clean chit to Adanis in share-rigging case |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/companies/court-overturns-clean-chit-to-adanis-in-share-rigging-case-6209072/ |access-date=25 June 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> After paying a fine of $140,000, the companies were eventually permitted to recommence their trading activities.<ref name=":1" />

===Allegations of bid rigging===
In March 2023, Adani group won a bid for the coal block North West of Madheri, where the only other bidder was Cavill Mining Private Limited, a minimum of two bidders are required for the first time auction of a commercial mine. According to an investigation by [[Scroll.in]], Cavill Mining Private Limited is the main promoter of Adicorp Enterprises. Adicorp Enterprises has also been alleged by Hindenburg to have funnelled funds between Adani companies. This has raised concerns of [[bid rigging]] and collusion.<ref name="c492">{{cite web | last=Sharma | first=Arunabh Saikia & Supriya | title=Adani got coal mine in auction where only other bidder was firm linked to Hindenburg storm | website=Scroll.in | date=4 April 2023 | url=https://scroll.in/article/1046739/adani-got-coal-mine-in-auction-where-only-other-bidder-was-firm-linked-to-hindenburg-storm | access-date=28 October 2024}}</ref> Adani group also faced accusations of bid-rigging by the [[Indian National Congress]] after winning a contract to supply 6,600 MW of electricity to [[Maharashtra]].<ref name="s375">{{cite web | title='Rigged deal': Congress attacks Mahayuti government over Adani winning bid to supply power to Maharashtra | website=The Hindu | date=15 September 2024 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/maharashtra/rigged-deal-congress-attacks-mahayuti-government-over-adani-winning-bid-to-supply-power-to-maharashtra/article68645859.ece | access-date=28 October 2024}}</ref><ref name="z716">{{cite web | title='Shocking details soon': Congress alleges 'rigging' by Mahayuti government in Adani power deal | website=The Times of India | date=15 September 2024 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/shocking-details-soon-congress-alleges-rigging-by-mahayuti-government-in-adani-power-deal/articleshow/113369308.cms | access-date=28 October 2024}}</ref>

=== Tax evasion ===
On 27 February 2010, [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] arrested Rajesh Adani, managing director of Adani Enterprises Ltd., on charges of custom duty evasion amounting to ₹80 [[lakh]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Adani Enterprises MD arrested for custom duty evasion – Times of India ►|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Adani-Enterprises-MD-arrested-for-custom-duty-evasion/articleshow/5623927.cms|access-date=7 April 2019|website=The Times of India|date=27 February 2010|archive-date=10 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410214657/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/adani-enterprises-md-arrested-for-custom-duty-evasion/articleshow/5623927.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Paranjoy Guha Thakurta]], an Indian journalist working for the [[Economic and Political Weekly]], co-authored an article <ref>{{cite journal |date=17 June 2017 |title=Modi Government's ₹500 Crore Bonanza to Adani Group Company |url=http://www.epw.in/journal/2017/24/web-exclusives/modi-governments-%E2%82%B9500-crore-bonanza-adani-group-company.html |url-status=dead |website=EPW.in |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712165050/http://www.epw.in/journal/2017/24/web-exclusives/modi-governments-%E2%82%B9500-crore-bonanza-adani-group-company.html |archive-date=12 July 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thewire.in/149156/modi-government-adani-group/|title=Modi Government's Rs 500-Crore Bonanza to the Adani Group|date=19 June 2017|website=TheWire.in}}</ref> about the Adani Group's [[tax evasion]] following which [[Adani Power]] sent a legal notice to the [[Economic and Political Weekly]]. Fearing an expensive lawsuit by one of India's biggest corporate houses [[Economic and Political Weekly|EPW]] then decided to take down the article,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thewire.in/159090/adani-group-slapps-epw-editor-job/|title=Adani Group 'SLAPP' Pushes EPW Editor Out of His Job|date=18 July 2017|website=TheWire.in}}</ref> prompting Paranjoy Guha Thakurta's resignation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/epw-paranjoy-guha-thakurta-resigns-as-editor-defamation-case|title=EPW Editor Steps Down After Legal Notice by Adani Group|date=20 July 2017|website=TheQuint}}</ref>
In August 2017, [[Central Board of Excise and Customs|Indian customs]] alleged the Adani Group was diverting millions of funds from the company's books to Adani family tax havens overseas. Adani was accused of using a [[Dubai]] shell company to divert the funds.<ref>{{cite web|last=Safi|first=Michael|date=21 February 2018|title=Adani mining giant facing renewed claims of $600m fraud in India|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/feb/22/adani-mining-giant-facing-renewed-claims-of-600m-in-india|access-date=25 June 2018|website=The Guardian|language=en|archive-date=10 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410214645/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/feb/22/adani-mining-giant-facing-renewed-claims-of-600m-in-india|url-status=live}}</ref> The details of a $235 million diversion were obtained and published by ''[[The Guardian]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Adani document|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/356317230/Adani-document|access-date=25 June 2018|website=Scribd|language=en|archive-date=28 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928080702/https://www.scribd.com/document/356317230/Adani-document|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2014, the [[Directorate of Revenue Intelligence]] (DRI) mapped out a complex money trail from [[India]] through [[South Korea]] and [[Dubai]], and eventually to an offshore company in [[Mauritius]] allegedly owned by [[Vinod Shantilal Adani]], the older brother of [[Gautam Adani]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Safi|first=Michael|date=15 August 2017|title=Adani mining giant faces financial fraud claims as it bids for Australian coal loan|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/aug/16/adani-mining-giant-faces-financial-claims-as-it-bids-for-australian-coal-loan|access-date=25 June 2018|website=[[The Guardian]]|language=en|archive-date=5 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605110325/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/aug/16/adani-mining-giant-faces-financial-claims-as-it-bids-for-australian-coal-loan|url-status=live}}</ref> Same year, DRI forwarded a letter to the then SEBI chairperson,[[U. K. Sinha]], along with a CD containing evidence suggesting the improper diversion of Rs. 2,323 crore.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rajagopal |first=Krishnadas |date=11 September 2023 |title=Petitioner in SC accuses SEBI of 'concealing' 2014 DRI alert on Adani |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/petitioner-in-sc-accuses-sebi-of-concealing-2014-dri-alert-on-adani/article67295917.ece |access-date=12 September 2023 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Additionally, they provided two investigative notes, cautioning that the group might be involved in manipulating the stock market through funds allegedly siphoned off using the strategy of overvaluing power equipment imports. However, SEBI did not publicly acknowledge the receipt of this letter and the accompanying evidence from DRI until September 2023, when it was disclosed before the [[Supreme Court of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tripathi |first=Ashish |title=Sebi suppressed facts about Adani stock manipulation, Supreme Court told |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/sebi-suppressed-facts-and-slept-over-dri-information-on-stock-manipulation-by-adani-petitioner-tells-sc-2681801 |access-date=12 September 2023 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

Between December 2021 and November 2023, Swiss authorities froze a total of $310 million in five different accounts linked to Adani group following investigations into money laundering.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/india/adani-hindenburg-saga-continues-six-swiss-bank-accounts-relating-to-gautam-adani-were-frozen-reveals-federal-criminal-court/articleshow/113300554.cms|title=Adani-Hindenburg saga: Adani Group rejects allegations concerning $310 mn frozen funds in Swiss bank accounts, terms them baseless|first=ET|last=Online|date=13 September 2024|access-date=16 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2024/09/13/adani-proxys-311-million-frozen-by-swiss-authorities|title=Adani proxy's $311 million frozen by Swiss authorities|first1=Ravi|last1=Nair|first2=NBR|last2=Arcadio|date=13 September 2024|access-date=17 September 2024|website=NewsLaundary}}</ref>

On October 7 2025, Reuters reported that India’s DRI initiated an investigation into Adani Defence in March 2025 over alleged customs duty evasion totaling approximately {{INRConvert|77|c}}. According to two government sources and a document reviewed by Reuters, the case concerns the company’s alleged misclassification of certain missile components as exempt from import duties and taxes.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Ohri |first1=Nikunj |last2=Kalra |first2=Aditya |date=2025-10-07 |title=Exclusive: India probes Adani Defence for tax evasion on missile parts imports, sources say |url=https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/boards-policy-regulation/india-probes-adani-defence-tax-evasion-missile-parts-imports-sources-say-2025-10-07/ |access-date=2025-10-07 |work=Reuters |language=en}}</ref>
===Evasion of Customs Duty===
In October 2025, the Supreme Court of India issued a notice to Adani Enterprises while hearing a plea by the Customs Department, which alleged that the company had imported gold and silver without paying tariffs by using duty-free credit entitlement certificates issued by the Directorate General of Foreign Trade.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhan |first=Indu |date=2025-10-10 |title=SC to hear customs appeal against Adani over alleged tax, export violations |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/sc-to-hear-customs-appeal-against-adani-over-alleged-tax-export-violations/articleshow/124456854.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-10-16 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

=== Corporate governance issue ===
According to [[Bloomberg News]], the group has been found to be maintaining dubious business relations with an engineering contracting firm, Howe Engineering Projects.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Palepu |first1=Advait |last2=Wang |first2=Cindy |last3=Srivastava |first3=Shruti |date=12 December 2023 |title=Adani Contractor Probed by India Resurfaces Under a New Name |language=en |work=Bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-12-12/adani-contractor-probed-by-india-resurfaces-under-a-new-name |access-date=13 December 2023}}</ref> This firm acquired the engineering business of PMC Project in 2016. In the past, PMC Projects, an Adani contractor, was accused of inflating the value of imported power and infrastructure goods by nearly ₹1,500 crore. Howe, now a separate entity, continues to work as an Adani contractor (just like PMC Projects) for major ports and railway lines being built in India. [[Deloitte]] raised concerns in May 2023 about payments made by Adani's ports company to Howe, unable to determine whether Howe should be considered a related party.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 2023 |title=Adani-Linked Contractor Under Scrutiny, Reemerges With A New Identity, Says Report |url=https://business.outlookindia.com/news/adani-linked-contractor-under-scrutiny-reemerges-with-a-new-identity-says-report |access-date=13 December 2023 |website=Outlook Business |language=en}}</ref> Also, Adani Group had not publicly disclosed these payments until Deloitte highlighted them.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adani Group's Ties with Controversial Contractor Howe Raise Governance Concerns: Report |url=https://thewire.in/business/adani-groups-ties-with-controversial-contractor-howe-raise-governance-concerns-report |access-date=13 December 2023 |website=The Wire}}</ref>

===Stock manipulation and accounting fraud allegations===
In January 2023, [[Hindenburg Research]] published the findings of a two-year investigation alleging that Adani had engaged in market manipulation and accounting malpractices. The report accused Adani of pulling "the largest [[Confidence trick|con]] in corporate history"<ref name="report" /><ref>{{cite magazine |title=India's Richest Man Accused of Pulling the 'Largest Con in Corporate History' |url=https://time.com/6250052/adani-hindenburg-fraud/ |access-date=2 February 2023 |magazine=Time |date=25 January 2023 |language=en |archive-date=3 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203022347/https://time.com/6250052/adani-hindenburg-fraud/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and "brazen stock manipulation and accounting fraud scheme over the course of decades".<ref name="report" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Madhok |first=Diksha |date=30 January 2023 |title=Adani slams US short seller 'attack on India' as stock rout hits $70 billion {{!}} CNN Business |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/30/investing/india-adani-rebuttal-hindenburg-allegations-intl-hnk/index.html |access-date=2 February 2023 |website=CNN |language=en |archive-date=2 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202204545/https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/30/investing/india-adani-rebuttal-hindenburg-allegations-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Hindenburg also disclosed that it was holding [[Short (finance)|short positions]] on Adani Group companies.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Thomas |first1=Chris |last2=Kalra |first2=Aditya |title=Hindenburg shorts India's Adani citing debt, accounting concerns; shares plunge |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/asia/hindenburg-says-holds-short-positions-indias-adani-flags-risks-2023-01-25/ |access-date=25 January 2023 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=25 January 2023 |language=en |archive-date=25 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125035231/https://www.reuters.com/markets/asia/hindenburg-says-holds-short-positions-indias-adani-flags-risks-2023-01-25/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sorkin |first1=Andrew Ross |last2=Mattu |first2=Ravi |last3=Warner |first3=Bernhard |last4=Kessler |first4=Sarah |last5=de la Merced |first5=Michael J. |last6=Hirsch |first6=Lauren |last7=Livni |first7=Ephrat |title=A Short Seller Takes Aim at an Indian Corporate Giant |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/25/business/dealbook/short-seller-hindenburg-adani.html |access-date=25 January 2023 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=25 January 2023 |archive-date=25 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125132007/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/25/business/dealbook/short-seller-hindenburg-adani.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Lockett |first1=Hudson |title=Adani shares take $10.8bn hit after Hindenburg bets against group |url=https://www.ft.com/content/4aedaaf9-9ee8-4334-945c-12ac08429d6a |access-date=25 January 2023 |work=[[Financial Times]] |date=25 January 2023 |archive-date=25 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125044405/https://www.ft.com/content/4aedaaf9-9ee8-4334-945c-12ac08429d6a |url-status=live }}</ref> Bonds and shares of companies associated with Adani experienced a decline of more than $104 billion in market value after the accusations,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lee |first1=Jihye |title=Adani shares fall as short seller firm Hindenburg announces short position |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/01/25/adani-group-hindenburg-short-position.html |access-date=25 January 2023 |work=[[CNBC]] |date=25 January 2023 |language=en |archive-date=25 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125060624/https://www.cnbc.com/2023/01/25/adani-group-hindenburg-short-position.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kay |first1=Chris |last2=Vishnoi |first2=Abhishek |last3=Joshi |first3=Ashutosh |title=Hindenburg Targets Asia's Richest Man, Triggering Adani Selloff |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-01-25/adani-group-stocks-drop-after-hindenburg-takes-short-position |access-date=25 January 2023 |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |date=25 January 2023 |language=en |archive-date=25 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125040759/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-01-25/adani-group-stocks-drop-after-hindenburg-takes-short-position |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Adani Rout Crosses $51 Billion as Stocks Plunge by Daily Limits |url=https://news.bloomberglaw.com/capital-markets/adani-group-stocks-plunge-extend-rout-from-short-seller-report |access-date=27 January 2023 |website=Bloomberg Law |language=en |archive-date=27 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127144810/https://news.bloomberglaw.com/capital-markets/adani-group-stocks-plunge-extend-rout-from-short-seller-report |url-status=live }}</ref> representing approximately half of the market value.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Barrett |first=Jonathan |date=1 February 2023 |title=Why has the Adani Group shed US$90bn in value and what do short sellers have to gain? |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2023/feb/02/why-has-the-adani-group-shed-us90bn-in-value-and-what-do-short-sellers-have-to-gain |access-date=2 February 2023 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=2 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202190133/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2023/feb/02/why-has-the-adani-group-shed-us90bn-in-value-and-what-do-short-sellers-have-to-gain |url-status=live }}</ref> Hedge fund manager [[Bill Ackman]] said Hindenburg's Adani Report was "highly credible and extremely well researched."<ref>{{cite news |title=Bill Ackman says Hindenburg's Adani report 'highly credible' |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/bill-ackman-says-hindenburgs-adani-report-highly-credible-2023-01-27/ |access-date=29 January 2023 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=27 January 2023 |language=en |archive-date=28 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128222727/https://www.reuters.com/business/bill-ackman-says-hindenburgs-adani-report-highly-credible-2023-01-27/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Aravindan |first1=Aradhana |last2=Sanjai |first2=P R |title=Bill Ackman Calls Hindenburg's Adani Report 'Highly Credible' |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-01-27/ackman-likens-adani-response-to-herbalife-short |access-date=29 January 2023 |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |date=27 January 2023 |language=en |archive-date=28 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128061512/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-01-27/ackman-likens-adani-response-to-herbalife-short |url-status=live }}</ref> Adani denied the fraud allegations as without merit.<ref name="madhok-2023">{{cite news |last1=Madhok |first1=Diksha |date=25 January 2023 |title=Asia's richest man slams short-seller's fraud claims as 'baseless' and 'malicious' |language=en |work=CNN Business |location=Atlanta, Georgia, USA |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/25/business/india-adani-shares-plunge-hindenburg-report-hnk-intl/index.html |access-date=25 January 2023 |archive-date=25 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125144606/https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/25/business/india-adani-shares-plunge-hindenburg-report-hnk-intl/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

On 29 January, Adani released a 413-page response to the Hindenburg report, calling Hindenburg's conduct a "calculated securities fraud"<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sanjai |first1=P R |last2=Shukla |first2=Sidhartha |title=Adani's 413-Page Reply to Hindenburg After $51 Billion Wipeout |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-01-29/adani-says-hindenburg-conduct-is-calculated-securities-fraud |access-date=29 January 2023 |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |date=29 January 2023 |archive-date=29 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129232251/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-01-29/adani-says-hindenburg-conduct-is-calculated-securities-fraud |url-status=live }}</ref> and the report a "calculated attack on India, the independence, integrity and quality of Indian institutions, and the growth story and ambition of India."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Barrett |first=Jonathan |date=30 January 2023 |title=Adani claims US investment firm's fraud allegations are an 'attack on India' |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2023/jan/30/adani-claims-us-investment-firm-hindenburg-research-allegations-attack-on-india |access-date=2 February 2023 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=2 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202191755/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2023/jan/30/adani-claims-us-investment-firm-hindenburg-research-allegations-attack-on-india |url-status=live }}</ref> Hindenburg characterised the response as failing to engage with the issues raised by its initial report, and an exercise in obfuscation under the garb of nationalism.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kay |first1=Chris |title=Hindenburg Says Adani's Nationalist Rebuttal Ignores Allegations |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-01-30/hindenburg-says-adani-s-nationalist-rebuttal-ignores-allegations?srnd=premium&sref=CIpmV6x8 |access-date=30 January 2023 |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |date=30 January 2023 |language=en }}</ref> On 1 February, Adani cancelled its planned $2.5 billion (Rs 20,000 crore) [[Follow-on public offer|Follow-on Public Offer]] (FPO) citing market volatility, and announced that it would return the FPO money to investors.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adani Enterprises Calls Off FPO, Money To Be Returned To Investors |date=February 2023 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/business/adani-enterprises-wont-go-ahead-with-its-fully-subscribed-fpo-3744979 |access-date=2 February 2023 |archive-date=1 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201221614/https://www.ndtv.com/business/adani-enterprises-wont-go-ahead-with-its-fully-subscribed-fpo-3744979 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Reserve Bank of India]] sought details from banks on exposure to Adani firms.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/rbi-looking-at-banks-exposure-to-adani-group-companies-seeks-present-status-sources-9988011.html|title=RBI looking at banks' exposure to Adani group companies, seeks present status: Sources|website=Moneycontrol|date=2 February 2023 |access-date=3 February 2023|archive-date=3 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203080222/https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/rbi-looking-at-banks-exposure-to-adani-group-companies-seeks-present-status-sources-9988011.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Citigroup]]'s wealth unit stopped extending margin loans to its clients against securities of Adani Group.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/citigroup-wealth-unit-stops-margin-loans-against-india-adanis-securities-source-2023-02-02/|title=Citigroup stops margin loans against India Adani's securities - source|first=Anshuman|last=Daga|newspaper=Reuters|date=2 February 2023|via=www.reuters.com|access-date=3 February 2023|archive-date=3 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203080231/https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/citigroup-wealth-unit-stops-margin-loans-against-india-adanis-securities-source-2023-02-02/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Credit Suisse]] Group AG stopped accepting bonds of Adani Group companies as collateral for margin loans to its private banking clients.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1 February 2023|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/siladityaray/2023/02/01/credit-suisse-reportedly-assigns-zero-lending-value-to-adani-group-bonds-following-hindenburg-allegations/|title=Credit Suisse Reportedly Assigns Zero Lending Value To Adani Group Bonds Following Hindenburg Allegations|first=Siladitya|last=Ray|work=[[Forbes]]|access-date=3 February 2023|archive-date=3 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203080222/https://www.forbes.com/sites/siladityaray/2023/02/01/credit-suisse-reportedly-assigns-zero-lending-value-to-adani-group-bonds-following-hindenburg-allegations/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-02-01/credit-suisse-s-private-bank-halts-margin-loans-on-adani-bonds|title=Credit Suisse's Wealth Unit Halts Margin Loans on Adani Debt|date=1 February 2023|work=[[Bloomberg News]]|first1=Denise|last1=Wee|first2=Chanyaporn|last2=Chanjaroen|access-date=7 February 2023|archive-date=2 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202051758/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-02-01/credit-suisse-s-private-bank-halts-margin-loans-on-adani-bonds|url-status=live}}</ref> [[S&P Dow Jones Indices]] removed Adani Enterprises from its sustainability index.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/02/03/sp-to-remove-adani-enterprises-from-sustainability-index.html|title=S&P Dow Jones is knocking Adani Enterprises off its sustainability index|first=Jihye|last=Lee|website=CNBC|date=3 February 2023 |access-date=3 February 2023|archive-date=3 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203080220/https://www.cnbc.com/2023/02/03/sp-to-remove-adani-enterprises-from-sustainability-index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Government Pension Fund of Norway|Norway's Oil Fund]], which had already shed a bulk of its Adani shares pre-Hindenburg report, divested its entire stake following the report.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Livemint |date=9 February 2023 |title=Norway wealth fund sold stakes in Adani companies |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/norway-wealth-fund-sold-stakes-in-adani-companies-11675938689993.html |access-date=9 February 2023 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |language=en |archive-date=9 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209212413/https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/norway-wealth-fund-sold-stakes-in-adani-companies-11675938689993.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Lundgren |first=Kari |date=9 February 2023 |title=Norway Wealth Fund Unloads Rest of Its Adani Group Holding |url=https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/norway-wealth-fund-unloads-rest-of-its-adani-group-holding-1.1881549 |access-date=9 February 2023 |work=BNN Bloomberg, Canada |archive-date=9 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209113748/https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/norway-wealth-fund-unloads-rest-of-its-adani-group-holding-1.1881549 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 19 May, on ''[[prima facie]]'', a committee formed by the [[Supreme Court of India]] communicated its inability to conclude regarding the existence of a regulatory failure concerning the accusation of stock price manipulation by the group. This was primarily due to the insufficient information provided in the explanations by the [[Securities and Exchange Board of India|SEBI]]'s investigation.<ref>{{cite web |date=19 May 2023 |title=Sebi probe into Adani drew blank: SC-appointed panel |url=https://theprint.in/economy/sebi-probe-into-adani-drew-blank-sc-appointed-panel/1583510/ |access-date=25 June 2023 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Supreme Court Panel's Clean Chit To Adani Group: Prima Facie No Violation|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/supreme-court-panels-clean-chit-to-adani-group-prima-facie-no-violation-steps-taken-to-comfort-retail-investors-4048167|date=19 May 2023 |work=[[NDTV|ndtv]].com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519091832/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/supreme-court-panels-clean-chit-to-adani-group-prima-facie-no-violation-steps-taken-to-comfort-retail-investors-4048167 |archive-date=19 May 2023 |access-date=15 August 2023}}</ref> Earlier on 29 April, SEBI requested a six-month extension to conclude its investigation, instead of the initially given two months provided on 2 March.<ref>{{cite news |date=29 April 2023 |title=SEBI asks SC for six more months to complete probe into Hindenburg report |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/sebi-seeks-6-month-extension-to-complete-adani-probe/article66793487.ece |access-date=25 June 2023 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> However, the Supreme Court granted a three-month extension and directed SEBI to complete the probe by 14 August 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=SC Gives SEBI Time Till Mid-August to Investigate Hindenburg Claims on Adani Group |url=https://thewire.in/law/sebi-adani-probe-extension-supreme-court |access-date=25 June 2023 |website=The Wire}}</ref>

On 24 June 2023, Adani Group's share value took a significant dive, following reports that [[United States Department of Justice]] and [[US Securities and Exchange Commission]] were investigating the corporation's communications with its US-based investors, spurred by a report from a short seller.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Benny-Morrison |first1=Ava |last2=Beyoud |first2=Lydia |last3=Hurtado |first3=Patricia |date=22 June 2023 |title=Adani Group Draws Regulatory Scrutiny in the US After Short Seller Report |language=en |work=Bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-06-22/adani-group-statements-to-investors-draw-us-regulatory-scrutiny |access-date=24 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=23 June 2023 |title=Adani Group stocks tumble after report says US regulators probing conglomerate |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/market/adani-group-stocks-tumble-us-regulators-probe-8681496/ |access-date=24 June 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

On 31 August 2023, [[Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project]] (OCCRP) put forth allegations asserting that a substantial amount of funds, in the hundreds of millions of dollars, were directed into publicly traded stocks of the Adani Group.<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 August 2023 |title=Hindenburg 2.0: OCCRP alleges Mauritius-based opaque funds invested millions of dollars in Adani stock |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/hindenburg-20-occrp-alleges-mauritius-based-opaque-funds-invested-millions-of-dollars-in-adani-stock/article67254422.ece |access-date=31 August 2023 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Agarwal |first=Nikhil |date=31 August 2023 |title=Adani Group rejects 'recycled allegations' made by George Soros-funded OCCRP |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/adani-group-rejects-recycled-allegations-made-by-george-soros-funded-occrp/articleshow/103230293.cms?from=mdr |access-date=12 August 2024 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> These investments purportedly occurred by means of investment funds situated in Mauritius, which are characterised as possessing a lack of transparency. These funds were reportedly associated with partners connected to the promoter family.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Ellis-Petersen |first1=Hannah |last2=Goodley |first2=Simon |date=30 August 2023 |title=Modi-linked Adani family secretly invested in own shares, documents suggest |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/aug/31/modi-linked-adani-family-secretly-invested-in-own-shares-documents-suggest-india |access-date=31 August 2023 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Supporting evidence presented in the report indicates that these entities engaged in protracted activities involving the acquisition and divestiture of Adani stock through offshore mechanisms, thereby concealing their active participation.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=McCrum |first1=Dan |last2=Reed |first2=John |date=30 August 2023 |title=Secret paper trail reveals hidden Adani investors |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/8d46b435-9725-46d4-80be-2cb3e276c4c9 |access-date=31 August 2023}}</ref> This covert engagement apparently yielded significant financial gains. Additionally, the documentation suggests that the overseeing investment firm compensated a company belonging to Vinod Adani for advisory services pertinent to their investment pursuits.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Mangnale |first1=Anand |last2=Nair |first2=Ravi |last3=Arcadio |first3=NBR |title=Documents Provide Fresh Insight Into Allegations of Stock Manipulation That Rocked India's Powerful Adani Group |url=https://www.occrp.org/en/investigations/documents-provide-fresh-insight-into-allegations-of-stock-manipulation-that-rocked-indias-powerful-adani-group |access-date=31 August 2023 |website=OCCRP |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Ilham Aliyev met with Founder and Chairman of Adani Group in Davos 01.jpg|thumb|[[Gautam Adani]] with [[Azerbaijan]]'s President [[Ilham Aliyev]] in Davos, Switzerland, 19 January 2023]]
In October 2023, the [[National Financial Reporting Authority]] initiated an investigation, reaching out to several audit firms involved in examining the financial records of the Adani Group's listed companies.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srivats |first=K. R. |date=25 October 2023 |title=NFRA asks for audit files from Adani Group firm auditors |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/nfra-seeks-audit-files-of-adani-group-auditors/article67458833.ece |access-date=27 October 2023 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 October 2023 |title=Adani shares crack up to 7.5% on reports of auditor facing NFRA scrutiny |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/markets/adani-shares-crack-up-to-7-5-on-reports-of-auditor-facing-nfra-scrutiny-11602341.html |access-date=27 October 2023 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en}}</ref> The Adani group also reported that the government was probing financial records of Mumbai International Airport and Navi Mumbai International Airport, both operated by the group.<ref name="h638">{{cite web | title=Adani Group says government probing accounts of two Mumbai airports | website=mint | date=14 October 2023 | url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/ministry-probing-accounts-of-adani-enterprises-two-airports-mumbai-and-navi-mumbai-airport-11697244889820.html | access-date=28 October 2024}}</ref>

On 3 January 2024, the Supreme Court ordered SEBI to complete its probe within 90 days (3 months),<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Mahajan |first1=Shruti |last2=PR |first2=Sanjai |date=3 January 2024 |title=Top India Court Clears Adani From More Probes in Hindenburg Saga |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-01-03/top-india-court-asks-sebi-to-close-adani-probe-in-three-months |access-date=12 January 2024 |work=[[Bloomberg News]]}}</ref> sparked by allegations from short-seller [[Hindenburg Research]]. The Court dismissed requests for an SIT or [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]] investigation and shifted focus to Hindenburg's conduct.<ref name="Rajagopal 2024 k104">{{cite web | last=Rajagopal | first=Krishnadas | title=Supreme Court upholds SEBI probe, turns focus on 'conduct' of Hindenburg | website=The Hindu | date=3 January 2024 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/supreme-court-asks-sebi-to-probe-if-hindenburg-report-violated-law-caused-harm-to-investors/article67700963.ece | access-date=6 January 2024}}</ref><ref name="Mahapatra 2024 n794">{{cite web | last=Mahapatra | first=Dhananjay | title=No inadequacy in Sebi probe: Supreme Court | website=The Times of India | date=4 January 2024 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/no-inadequacy-in-sebi-probe-supreme-court/articleshow/106528128.cms | access-date=6 January 2024}}</ref><ref name="Hindustan Times 2024 c564">{{cite web | title=Adani Hindenburg Case Updates: SC directs Sebi to complete probe within 3 months in remaining two cases | website=Hindustan Times | date=3 January 2024 | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/adani-hindenburg-case-live-updates-supreme-court-stocks-share-market-101704250137629.html | access-date=6 January 2024}}</ref>

In March 2024, Seven Adani group firms were issued show cause notices by the SEBI for alleged "violation of related party transactions and non-compliance in listing regulations ."<ref name="b582">{{cite web | title=Seven Adani group firms say received SEBI show cause notices | website=The Hindu | date=3 May 2024 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/seven-adani-group-firms-say-received-sebi-show-cause-notices/article68135988.ece | access-date=28 October 2024}}</ref>

After Hindenburg's allegations of fraud against the Adani group, GQG Partners LLC, an investment firm founded by Rajiv Jain purchased shares worth $4.6 billion in six Adani group subsidiaries. In September 2024, GQG Partners was charged by the [[Securities and Exchange Commission]] for hindering whistleblower protections, through its restrictive [[Non-disclosure agreements]] that disallowed employees from reporting potential violations.<ref name="thenewsminute">{{cite web |last1=Nair |first1=Ravi |last2=Arcadio |first2=NBR |last3=Mangnale |first3=Anand |date=27 September 2024 |title=Adani Group's post-Hindenburg saviour GQG Partners charged by US SEC |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/news/adani-groups-post-hindenburg-saviour-gqg-partners-charged-by-us-sec |access-date=30 September 2024 |website=The News Minute}}</ref>

Shares of the Adani Group fell sharply, with Adani Green Energy dropping 16% on 20 November 2024, after the [[US Securities and Exchange Commission]] (SEC) alleged violations, including hindering whistleblower protections. The allegations added to growing concerns over corporate governance within the conglomerate.<ref name="hindustantimes">{{cite web | title=Adani Group shares plunge after US SEC charges, Adani Green down 16% | website=Hindustan Times | date=20 November 2024 | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/business/adani-group-shares-plunges-after-us-sec-charges-adani-green-down-16-101732159210911.html | access-date=21 November 2024}}</ref>

=== Presence in Kenya ===
[[File:Kenya Airways Flight.jpg|thumb|[[Jomo Kenyatta International Airport]]]]
In July 2024, a whistleblower alleged that the Kenya Airports Authority had signed a $1.85 billion deal for the Adani Group to manage the [[Jomo Kenyatta International Airport]] for a period of 30 years in a [[build–operate–transfer]] move. The alleged deal was brokered by ALG Global, a Spanish firm, and would be financed majorly by Kenyan taxpayers with full control of the airport granted to Adani Group for the 30 years.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otieno |first=Bonface |date=18 July 2024 |title=Senator turns up heat on KAA over alleged JKIA agreement |url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/corporate/companies/senator-heat-on-kaa-over-alleged-jkia-agreement-4693822 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718115345/https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/corporate/companies/senator-heat-on-kaa-over-alleged-jkia-agreement-4693822 |archive-date=18 July 2024 |access-date=18 July 2024 |website=Business Daily |language=en}}</ref> Following widespread protests, in September 2024, the Kenyan High Court temporarily suspended the proposal, to allow for judicial review.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/world-news/strike-at-kenya-s-main-airport-causing-flight-delays-cancellations-124091100444_1.html|title=Strike at Kenya's airport causing flight delays as Adani deal suspended|date=11 September 2024|access-date=19 September 2024|website=Business Standard}}</ref> The whistleblower, Nelson Amenya, fears for his life.<ref name="w766">{{cite web | title=Adani refutes allegations by whistleblower who exposed the group's secret talks about Kenyan airport | website=The Economic Times | date=1 October 2024 | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/kenya-airport-deal-allegedly-including-gautam-adani-sparks-controversy-whistleblower-fears-for-his-safety/articleshow/113835900.cms?from=mdr | access-date=1 October 2024}}</ref>

On 16 September 2024, Adani group and [[Africa50]] were given a $1.3 billion concession in a public-private partnership by the Kenyan government to build power transmission lines.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/business/adani-group-gets-contract-to-build-power-lines-in-kenya-with-1-3-billion-concession-101726457625517.html|title=Adani Group gets contract to build power lines in Kenya with $1.3 billion concession|website=Hindustan Times|date=16 September 2024|access-date=16 September 2024}}</ref> On 25 October, Kenyan court suspended $736 million deal between Kenya Electrical Transmission Company and Adani Group's Adani Energy Solutions.<ref name="reuters251024">{{cite web | title=Kenyan court suspends $736 million Adani power line deal | website=Reuters | date=25 October 2024 | url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/kenyan-court-suspends-736-million-adani-power-line-deal-2024-10-25/ | access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref>

In October 2024, former Prime Minister of Kenya, [[Raila Odinga]] said he was introduced to Adani Group by Narendra Modi who organised a visit by Kenyan delegation to the projects of the company.<ref name="y408">{{cite web | last1=Obara | first1=Valentine | last2=Maundu | first2=Pius | title=Raila reveals ties to Adani after Sh95bn energy deal | website=Nation | date=14 October 2024 | url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/politics/raila-reveals-ties-to-adani-after-sh95bn-energy-deal-4793446#story | access-date=15 October 2024}}</ref>

In November 2024, Kenya's President [[William Ruto]] has cancelled two significant deals with India's Adani Group: a lease agreement for [[Jomo Kenyatta International Airport]], the country's main international airport, and a contract with the [[Kenya Electricity Transmission Company]]. This announcement came during Ruto's state of the nation address, just a day after Adani's directors faced charges in a New York court for alleged bribery and fraud.
The airport deal, valued at $2.5 billion, involved a 30-year lease of [[Jomo Kenyatta International Airport|JKIA]] and had been approved by the Kenya Airports Authority without public hearings. Experts had advised conducting a public tender for such a significant agreement. The proposal from Adani sought "favorable tax policies" from the Kenyan government, which raised concerns among critics. The deal had sparked significant backlash, leading to anti-government protests and a strike by airport workers.
Before the cancellation, President Ruto had dismissed reports about the airport deal as "fake news." Just a week prior, Kenya's transport cabinet secretary defended the Adani Group and the airport agreement in parliament. The cancellation has been welcomed by some Kenyans, including whistleblower Nelson Amenya, who views it as a victory for citizen empowerment and an indication that change is possible in the country.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kenya Nixes Deals with India's Adani Group, Citing Corruption Evidence |url=https://www.occrp.org/en/news/kenyas-president-ruto-cancels-adani-airport-deal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241208095307/https://www.occrp.org/en/news/kenyas-president-ruto-cancels-adani-airport-deal |archive-date=8 December 2024 |access-date=14 December 2024 |website=OCCRP |language=en-US }}</ref>

===Arms export to Israel===
{{see also|List of companies involved in the Gaza war}}
In 2018, Adani Defence & Aerospace announced a joint venture with [[Elbit Systems]], Israel's primary defence manufacturer, to produce Hermes 900 military drones in India. In February 2024, 20 Hermes 900 drones were supplied to Israel. In April 2024, the Indian government under the BJP abstained from the UN vote calling for an arms embargo on Israel. This decision has been linked to Adani's military exports to Israel.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://thewire.in/government/indias-refusal-to-back-un-arms-embargo-on-israel-may-be-linked-to-adani-drone-exports|first=R.|last=Ramachandran|title=India's Refusal to Back UN Arms Embargo on Israel May Be Linked to Adani Drone Exports|date=17 April 2024|access-date=22 September 2024|website=The Wire}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/opinion/india-is-firing-the-engine-of-war-in-gaza-while-preaching-peace-3084659|date=28 June 2024|access-date=22 September 2024|first=Bharat|last=Bhushan|website=Deccan Herald|title=India is firing the engine of war in Gaza while preaching peace}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/india-sends-adani-made-drones-to-israel-5-things-to-know-2893895|title=India sends Adani-made drones to Israel; 5 things to know|website=Deccan Herald|date=14 February 2024|access-date=22 September 2024}}</ref>

=== Manipulating Bharatpedia entries ===

A [[Bharatpedia:Bharatpedia Signpost/2023-02-20/Disinformation report|February 2023 article]] in ''[[The Signpost]]'' said that the Adani team has been manipulating Bharatpedia entries using [[sock puppet account]]s to insert promotional material and remove or edit criticism.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bharatpedia says Adani team manipulated articles on the group |first1=Nikhil |last1=Agarwal |date=21 February 2023 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/adani-vs-hindenburg-Bharatpedia-editors-blame-billionaires-team-for-manipulating-wiki-entries/articleshow/98121928.cms |work=[[The Economic Times]] |access-date=21 February 2023 |archive-date=21 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221143504/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/adani-vs-hindenburg-Bharatpedia-editors-blame-billionaires-team-for-manipulating-wiki-entries/articleshow/98121928.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://scroll.in/latest/1044453/Bharatpedia-newspaper-says-articles-on-adani-group-may-have-been-manipulated |title=Adani Group 'almost certainly' manipulated its entries on Bharatpedia, alleges site's newspaper |date=23 February 2023 |newspaper=[[Scroll.in]] |access-date=25 February 2023 |archive-date=25 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225122055/https://scroll.in/latest/1044453/Bharatpedia-newspaper-says-articles-on-adani-group-may-have-been-manipulated |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/did-adani-systematically-manipulate-Bharatpedia-entries-11676954241598.html |title=Did Adani systematically manipulate Bharatpedia entries? |date=21 February 2023 |first1=Jyoti |last1=Banthia |newspaper=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |access-date=25 February 2023 |archive-date=28 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228034008/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/did-adani-systematically-manipulate-Bharatpedia-entries-11676954241598.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Bribery charges ===
In March 2024, the United States expanded its probe into Adani Group, particularly focusing on founder [[Gautam Adani]]'s conduct and potential bribery by his group companies in exchange for favourable treatment regarding an energy project.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pal |first1=Priyasi |title=Adani Group Under US Bribery Probe: Shadow Over Indian Green Giant? |url=https://www.brutimes.com/news/business/adani-group-under-us-bribery-probe-shadow-over-indian-green-giant |website=Bru Times News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2024 |title=US probing Adani Group and founder over potential bribery: Report |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/companies/us-probing-adani-bribery-charges-9217165/ |access-date=16 March 2024 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The investigation is being handled by the [[United States Attorney for the Eastern District of New York]] and the [[United States Department of Justice Criminal Division]]'s fraud unit in Washington.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Schoenberg |first1=Tom |last2=Benny-Morrison |first2=Ava |date=15 March 2024 |title=US Probing Indian Billionaire Gautam Adani and His Group Over Potential Bribery |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-03-15/us-prosecutors-widen-investigation-into-adani-group-focus-on-potential-bribery |access-date=16 March 2024 |work=Bloomberg.com |language=en}}</ref> On 20 November 2024, federal prosecutors in New York charged Gautam Adani and his associates with multiple counts of fraud, including bribing Indian government officials with over $250 million to secure solar energy contracts.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Grant |first1=Nico |title=U.S. Charges Indian Billionaire Adani With Fraud Over Bribery Scheme |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/20/technology/gautam-adani-bribery-charges.html |access-date=21 November 2024 |work=The New York Times |date=20 November 2024}}</ref>

In March 2025, the Indian government initiated proceedings to deliver a US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) summons to Gautam Adani concerning the alleged bribery scheme. The summons requires Adani or his legal representative to appear in the US case.<ref>{{Cite news |title=India to deliver US summons to Adani for alleged bribery |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/india-deliver-us-summons-adani-alleged-bribery-2025-03-13/ |access-date=19 March 2025 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref>

On 12 September 2024, the chief manufacturing officer of [[Ambuja Cement]], a subsidiary of the Adani Group, was arrested over an alleged bribery attempt.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/companies/people/adani-backed-ambuja-cement-s-officer-arrested-for-bribery-attempt-in-odisha-124091200175_1.html|title=Adani-backed Ambuja Cement's officer arrested for bribery attempt in Odisha|first=Vasudha|last=Mukherjee|date=12 September 2024|access-date=17 September 2024|website=Business Standard}}</ref>
In January 2026, Adani group's shares fell down by 10%, incurring a loss of $12.5 billion, following SEC's request to the Indian court to issue email summons to the defendants in the bribery case.<ref>https://www.reuters.com/world/india/adani-group-shares-tumble-after-us-sec-seeks-bypass-indian-government-serve-2026-01-23</ref>

=== Coal price inflation ===
According to an investigation by the Financial Times, Adani group had imported $5 billion worth of coal at more than double the market prices through offshore intermediaries in Singapore, Taiwan and Dubai. A notice by Directorate of Revenue Intelligence also accused five Adani group companies of artificially inflating the value of imported coal from Indonesia by 50% to 100% in order to overcharge power companies.<ref name="a666">{{cite web | last1=McCrum | first1=Dan | last2=Cook | first2=Chris | last3=Sheppard | first3=David | last4=Harlow | first4=Max | title=The mystery of the Adani coal imports that quietly doubled in value | website=Financial Times | date=12 October 2023 | url=https://www.ft.com/content/7aadb3d7-4a03-44ba-a01e-8ddd8bce29ed | access-date=28 October 2024}}</ref> Adani group has also managed to block the release of documents to Indian government agencies for investigation in Singapore.<ref name="b022">{{cite web | last=Arpan Chaturvedi | first=Aditya Kalra | title=Exclusive: India seeks to restart stalled Adani coal imports probe | website=Reuters | date=17 November 2023 | url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/india-seeks-restart-stalled-adani-coal-imports-probe-2023-11-17/ | access-date=28 October 2024}}</ref>

A May 2024 investigation by OCCRP and ''[[Financial Times]]'' indicated that Adani Group fraudulently inflated the price of coal that it supplied to domestic utility companies, by falsifying low-grade coal as high-grade coal.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Dan McCrum |author2=Chris Cook |author3=John Reed |title=Adani suspected of fraud by selling low-grade coal as high-value fuel |url=https://www.ft.com/content/7451f2de-91fa-49f3-acb3-e83ab5c00eff |publisher=Financial Times |access-date=22 May 2024 |date=21 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=Anand Mangnale |title=New Evidence Bolsters Allegations Adani Group Overcharged for Coal |url=https://www.occrp.org/en/investigations/new-evidence-bolsters-allegations-adani-group-overcharged-for-coal |website=occrp.org |access-date=22 May 2024 |date=22 May 2024}}</ref>

In February 2025, it was revealed that the Adani Group paid £4 million to sponsor the green energy wing of [[Science Museum, London|London's Science Museum]]. This sponsorship faced criticism due to the company's involvement in coal mining and recent fraud allegations.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Peel |first1=Michael |last2=Kay |first2=Chris |date=14 February 2025 |title=Adani paid £4mn to sponsor green energy wing of London's Science Museum |url=https://www.ft.com/content/631b3059-0737-42c2-a7ce-077384ba0c64 |access-date=19 March 2025 |work=Financial Times}}</ref>

===Media control===
In August 2022, AMG Media Networks Limited (AMNL), a unit of Adani Group, declared that it planned to buy RRPR Holding, owner of 29.18% of national news broadcaster [[NDTV]], and made an open offer to buy a further 26%. In a statement, NDTV said that Adani acquired his stake via a third party without informing the company's founders, former journalist [[Radhika Roy]] and her economist husband [[Prannoy Roy]] and that the deal was done "without discussion, consent or notice."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Fears for independent media in India as tycoon eyes major news channel |language=en-US |newspaper=The Washington Post|first1=Gary|last1=Shih|first2=Niha|last2=Masih |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/08/24/india-ndtv-adani-media-takover/ |access-date=26 August 2022 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref> This bid also raised concern regarding editorial independence in India, since Adani is considered to be close to Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]]'s ruling [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref name="Keener Spotlight">{{cite news |last1=Mukherjee |first1=Andy |title=The World's Second-Biggest Fortune Deserves a Keener Spotlight |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2022-09-22/adani-s-fortune-trumping-bezos-deserves-greater-recognition |access-date=15 October 2022 |work=[[Bloomberg News]]}}</ref><ref name="bbc-24Aug22">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-62655446 | title=India tycoon Adani in hostile bid for news channel NDTV | date=24 August 2022 | publisher= BBC News |access-date=24 August 2022 }}</ref> By December 2022, Adani was described as controlling the largest shareholding in NDTV.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/program/the-listening-post/2022/12/17/india-why-is-gautam-adani-so-interested-in-ndtv |work=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]] |title=India: Why is Gautam Adani so interested in NDTV? |first1=Ravi |last1=Nair |first2=Raksha |last2=Kumar |first3=Atul |last3=Chaurasia |first4=Kapil |last4=Komireddi |date=17 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/indias-ndtv-founders-transfer-most-their-stake-adani-2022-12-23/ |date=23 December 2022 |work=[[Reuters]] |title=Billionaire Adani to control nearly 65% of NDTV as founders sell stake |first1=Chris |last1=Thomas |editor1-first=Devika |editor1-last=Syamnath }}</ref> [[The Economist]] said that before Adani bought NDTV, the news channel was "critical of the government but is now supine."<ref name="economist-09Feb23">{{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/leaders/2023/02/09/the-humbling-of-gautam-adani-is-a-test-for-indian-capitalism |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |date=9 February 2023 |title=The humbling of Gautam Adani is a test for Indian capitalism }}</ref>

In 2022, Ravi Nair, a freelance journalist was allegedly issued an 'arrest warrant' by the Delhi police without any prior summons after Adani group filed a defamation case against him.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2022/07/26/arrest-warrant-against-journalist-for-defaming-adani-group|title=Arrest warrant against journalist for defaming Adani group|first=Tanishka|last=Sodhi|date=22 July 2022|access-date=17 September 2024|website=NewsLaundary}}</ref>

In December 2023, Adani Group acquired majority stake in [[Indo-Asian News Service]].<ref name="h084">{{cite web |title=Adani acquires 50.5% stake in IANS, making presence stronger in media sector |website=mint |date=16 December 2023 |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/adani-acquires-50-5-stake-in-ians-making-presence-stronger-in-media-sector-11702713804149.html |access-date=4 October 2024}}</ref> Independent News Service (INS), the parent company which owns [[India TV]] is also backed by Gautam Adani, the chairman of Adani group.<ref name="f053">{{cite web |last1=Dev |first1=Atul |last2=Donthi |first2=Praveen |title=Rajat Sharma's path to becoming India's most powerful editor-entrepreneur |website=The Caravan |date=1 December 2016 |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/reportage/man-studio-rajat-sharma-india-tv |access-date=4 October 2024}}</ref>

== Affiliated companies ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Industry
!Company
!Notes
!Ref
|-
| rowspan="4" |'''Energy'''
|[[Adani Green Energy]]
|
|
|-
|[[Adani Power]]
|
|
|-
|Adani New Industries (ANI)
|
* Green hydrogen production
* Battery manufacturing
* Wind turbines
* Solar modules
|
|-
|Adani Total Gas (ATG)
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''Utilities'''
|[[Adani Energy Solutions]]
|
|
|-
|Adani Electricity
|Power distribution in Mumbai with over 3M+ consumers
|
|-
|Adani Total Gas (ATG)
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''Cement'''
|[[Ambuja Cements]]
| rowspan="2" |Acquired from [[Holcim Group]] on 15 May 2022
|
|-
|[[ACC (company)|ACC]]
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |'''Transport & Logistics'''
|[[Adani Ports & SEZ]]
|
|
|-
|Adani Airports Holdings (AAH)
* [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport]]
* [[Navi Mumbai International Airport]]
* [[Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport]]
* [[Mangalore International Airport]]
* [[Thiruvananthapuram International Airport]]
* [[Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport]]
* [[Sardar Patel International Airport]]
* [[Jaipur International Airport]]
|
* AAH has secured lease, operate, and development rights for 50 years.
* The airports are not owned by the Adani Group.
|
|-
|Adani Road Transport (ART)
|
|
|-
|North Queensland Export Terminal (NQXT)
|
|
|-
|'''Technology & Data Centers'''
|Adani Connex
|Hyperscale Data Center service provider. All DCs run on 100% renewable energy.
* Chennai
* Mumbai (Planned)
* Noida (Planned)
* Hyderabad (Planned)
* Pune (Planned)
* Vizag (Planned)
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''Consumer & B2C'''
|Adani Digital Labs (ADL)
* AdaniOne
|Multi-purpose super-app to book train tickets, flights, hotels and collect rewards.
* Alpha development stage, see [https://www.adanione.com www.adanione.com]{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* Acquisitions
** Trainman, a train reservation platform
** SIBIA Analytics, based in Kolkata
|
|-
|Adani Realty
|Residential & Commercial real estate development
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''Media'''
|[[NDTV]]
|Acquired [[BQ Prime]] from Quint Digital Media and rebranded it as NDTV Profit, see [https://www.ndtvprofit.com www.ndtvprofit.com]
|
|-
|[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS India]]
|Acquired IANS, a News Agency and News Wire
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 December 2023 |title=Adani Group acquires majority stake in news agency IANS |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/corporate/story/adani-group-acquires-majority-stake-in-news-agency-ians-409670-2023-12-16 |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|'''Real Estate'''
|Adani Properties
|
* Redevelopment of Dharavi Slum in Mumbai
|
|-
|'''Aviation Services'''
|[[Air Works]]
|
|
|}

==Sports==

[[File:Adani Arena Rockhampton.jpg|thumb|Adani Arena in Rockhampton, Australia]]In addition to its industrial interests, the Adani group owns several sports teams, such as the [[Gujarat Giants (kabaddi)|Gujarat Giants]] team in the [[Pro Kabaddi League]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Gujarat Giants About|url=https://www.gujaratgiants.com/about-gujarat-giants|work=Gujarat Giants|language=en|access-date=26 August 2022|archive-date=26 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826050656/https://www.gujaratgiants.com/about-gujarat-giants|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2022, Adani Group acquired the Gulf Giants team in UAE's [[International League T20]].<ref name="auto4" /> In August 2022, It also purchased a franchise in Legends League Cricket.<ref name="auto3" /> In 2023, it purchased a team in the [[Women's Indian Premier League|Women's Premier League]] based in Ahmedabad.

=== Teams owned by Adani Group ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Team
! Sports
! League
! Refs
|-
|[[Gujarat Giants (kabaddi)|Gujarat Giants]]
|[[Kabaddi]]
|[[Pro Kabaddi League]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gujarat Giants {{!}} Official Website {{!}} Kabaddi, kho kho, cricket and more |url=https://www.gujaratgiants.com/ |access-date=31 January 2023 |website=Gujarat Giants |language=en |archive-date=26 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826100835/https://www.gujaratgiants.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Gujarat Giants (WPL)|Gujarat Giants]]
|[[Cricket]]
|[[Women's Premier League (cricket)|Women's Premier League]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adani Teams |url=https://adanisportsline.com/our-teams |website=adanisportsline.com |access-date=31 January 2023 |archive-date=31 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131092728/https://adanisportsline.com/our-teams |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Gulf Giants]]
|[[Cricket]]
|[[International League T20]]
|<ref name="auto4" />
|-
|Gujarat Giants
|[[Cricket]]
|Legends League Cricket
|<ref name="auto3" />
|-
|Gujarat Giants
|[[Boxing]]
|Big Bout Boxing League
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 December 2019 |title=Indian Boxing League: Gujarat Giants beats Punjab Panthers to win title |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/boxing/big-bout-indian-boxing-league-gujarat-giants-beats-punjab-panthers-to-win-title-amit-panghal-sonia-lather/article30369247.ece |access-date=31 January 2023 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en |archive-date=31 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131092726/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/boxing/big-bout-indian-boxing-league-gujarat-giants-beats-punjab-panthers-to-win-title-amit-panghal-sonia-lather/article30369247.ece |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|Gujarat Giants
|[[Kho kho]]
|[[Ultimate Kho Kho]]
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Gujarat Giants |url=https://www.ultimatekhokho.com/teams/gujarat-giants-profile-38/players |access-date=31 January 2023 |website=Ultimate Kho Kho |language=en |archive-date=31 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131092724/https://www.ultimatekhokho.com/teams/gujarat-giants-profile-38/players |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

Adani also sponsored various other sports initiatives, including a 2016 nationwide programme to prepare athletes for [[2016 Summer Olympics|Rio Olympics]] called ''Garv Hai'' ({{Translation|We are proud}}). It was re-launched for a second time to groom athletes for [[2020 Summer Olympics|2020 Tokyo Olympics]], [[2022 Asian Games]] and [[Commonwealth Games]]. The programme focuses on archery, shooting, athletics, boxing, and wrestling.<ref name="auto2" /><ref name="sports" /> Beneficiaries of the ''Garv Hai'' pilot project in 2016 include [[Ankita Raina]] (tennis), [[Pinki Jangra]] (boxing), [[Shiva Thapa]] (boxing), [[Khushbir Kaur]] (athletics), [[Inderjeet Singh]] (athletics), [[Mandeep Jangra]] (boxing), [[Malaika Goel]] (shooting), [[Deepak Punia (wrestler)|Deepak Punia]] (wrestling), [[K. T. Irfan|KT Irfan]] (Racewalking) and [[Sanjivani Jadhav]] (athletics).<ref name="auto2" /><ref name="sports" />

Adani Group has [[naming rights]] on Hegvold Stadium (now known as Adani Arena) in [[Rockhampton]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Goodbye Hegvold Stadium, hello Adani Arena |url=https://www.themorningbulletin.com.au/news/goodbye-hegvold-stadium-hello-adani-arena/3712737 |access-date=22 July 2021 |work=The Morning Bulletin |archive-date=22 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822062416/https://www.themorningbulletin.com.au/news/goodbye-hegvold-stadium-hello-adani-arena/3712737/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> and the [[Cricket pavilion|pavilion end]] of the [[Narendra Modi Stadium]] in Ahmedabad.<ref>{{cite news |title=World's Biggest Cricket Arena That Hosted Trump Is Renamed After Modi |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-02-25/india-cricket-arena-that-hosted-trump-named-after-narendra-modi |date=25 February 2021 |first1=Archana |last1=Chaudhary |access-date=22 July 2021 |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |archive-date=28 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428010209/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-02-25/india-cricket-arena-that-hosted-trump-named-after-narendra-modi |url-status=live }}</ref>

In July 2022, Adani Sportsline was designated as an official partner of the Indian Olympic Association (IOA) for the Birmingham Commonwealth Games 2022, Hangzhou Asian Games 2022, and Paris Olympic Games 2024. Previously, Adani Sportsline supported the Indian team at the Tokyo Olympics in 2021. Through its GarvHai initiative, the organisation has supported over 28 athletes, including silver medalist wrestler Ravi Kumar Dahiya.<ref name="w544">{{cite web | last=Ambwani | first=Meenakshi Verma | title=Adani Sportsline is principal sponsor of Indian Olympic Association | website=BusinessLine | date=30 June 2022 | url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/sports/adani-sportsline-is-principal-sponsor-of-indian-olympics-association/article65585050.ece | access-date=1 September 2024}}</ref><ref name="l279">{{cite web | last=Nair | first=Sangeeta | title=Adani Group joins as one of IOA's sponsors for Tokyo Olympics 2020: Check Full List of Indian Sponsors | website=Jagranjosh.com | date=23 July 2021 | url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/adani-group-joins-as-one-of-ioas-sponsors-for-tokyo-olympics-2020-check-full-list-of-indian-sponsors-1627047911-1 | access-date=1 September 2024}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of companies of India]]

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name=":1">{{cite web |last=Hyatt |first=John |title=Inside Gautam And Vinod Adani's Controversial Conglomerate—And Why It May Be Too Politically Connected To Fail |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnhyatt/2023/03/30/inside-gautam-and-vinod-adanis-controversial-conglomerate-and-why-it-may-be-too-politically-connected-to-fail/ |access-date=25 June 2023 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>

<ref name="auto1">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Adani%E2%80%99s-648-MW-solar-plant-inaugurated/article14993341.ece|title=Adani's 648-MW solar plant inaugurated|first1=D. j Walter|last1=Scott|newspaper=The Hindu|date=22 September 2016|access-date=25 June 2018|via=www.thehindu.com|archive-date=9 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709232959/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Adani%E2%80%99s-648-MW-solar-plant-inaugurated/article14993341.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/hot-news/adani-group-announces-training-aid-for-hidden-sports-talents|title=Adani Group announces training aid for hidden sports talents|date=27 June 2019|website=The Quint|access-date=9 July 2019|archive-date=24 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124174335/https://www.thequint.com/news/hot-news/adani-group-announces-training-aid-for-hidden-sports-talents|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="auto3">{{cite news|title=Adani Group acquires franchise in Legends League Cricket|url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/adani-gmr-buy-franchises-in-legends-league-cricket-11661413452291.html|access-date=25 August 2022|work=livemint|archive-date=25 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220825124213/https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/adani-gmr-buy-franchises-in-legends-league-cricket-11661413452291.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="auto4">{{cite news|title=Adani Group makes landmark foray into franchise cricket acquiring rights to a franchise in UAE's flagship T20 league|url=https://emiratescricket.com/news-detail/OyLkQWjnegZ6dwZ1p0GD|access-date=16 May 2022|work=Emirates cricket|archive-date=4 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704204252/https://emiratescricket.com/news-detail/OyLkQWjnegZ6dwZ1p0GD|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="BBC News">{{cite news |date=2 December 2022 |title=Gautam Adani: The school dropout's high-risk journey to become Asia's richest man |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-63817883 |access-date=13 December 2022 |archive-date=13 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213235520/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-63817883 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="godda">{{cite news |author1=Gerry Shih |author2=Niha Masih |author3=Anant Gupta |title=How political will often favors a coal billionaire and his dirty fossil fuel |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/12/09/india-coal-gautam-adani-godda/ |access-date=9 December 2022 |archive-date=9 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209192922/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/12/09/india-coal-gautam-adani-godda/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="DescriptionAdani90ans">ADANI, [http://www.adaniaustralia.com.au/pdf_details.php?pid=63 "Description of the mine project" by the Adani, PDF, 110 pages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316183555/http://www.adaniaustralia.com.au/pdf_details.php?pid=63 |date=16 March 2015}} (version projecting a 90-year exploitation)</ref>

<ref name="Exclusive: Was Adani's associate in China involved in violating UN Security Council sanctions against North Korea?">{{cite web |title=Exclusive: Was Adani's associate in China involved in violating UN Security Council sanctions against North Korea? |url=https://www.adaniwatch.org/exclusive_was_adani_s_associate_in_china_involved_in_violating_un_security_council_sanctions_against_north_korea |access-date=2 March 2023 |website=Adani Watch |language=en |archive-date=2 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302022029/https://www.adaniwatch.org/exclusive_was_adani_s_associate_in_china_involved_in_violating_un_security_council_sanctions_against_north_korea |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="report">{{cite web |url=https://hindenburgresearch.com/adani/ |title=Adani Group: How The World's 3rd Richest Man Is Pulling The Largest Con In Corporate History |date=24 January 2023 |website=hindenburgresearch.com |publisher=[[Hindenburg Research]] |access-date=24 January 2023 |archive-date=24 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224145548/https://hindenburgresearch.com/adani/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="sports">{{cite news |title=Adani Group launches Garv Hai project to groom potential medallists |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/other-sports/adani-group-garv-hai-project-sports-grooming-training-india/article28246243.ece |access-date=2 July 2021 |work=Sportstar |language=en |archive-date=18 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818032629/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/other-sports/adani-group-garv-hai-project-sports-grooming-training-india/article28246243.ece |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="superbrandsindia.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.superbrandsindia.com/images/brand_pdf/business_3rd_edition_2011/ADANI.pdf |title=Adandi: Business of Success |website=superbrandsindia.com |access-date=16 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501225757/http://www.superbrandsindia.com/images/brand_pdf/business_3rd_edition_2011/ADANI.pdf |archive-date=1 May 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

}}

==External links==
* {{official website}}

{{Adani Group|state=collapsed}}
{{Portal bar|Companies|India}}

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1934 Indian general election

2026-03-21T21:23:23Z

SilasCorrie: adjust layout to improve readability and added references for accuracy

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox election
| country = British India
| type = parliamentary
| previous_election = 1930 Indian general election
| previous_year = 1930
| next_election = 1945 Indian general election
| next_year = 1945
| election_date = 1934
| seats_for_election = 147 seats contested

| image1 = Bhulabhai Desai.png
| leader1 = [[Bhulabhai Desai]]
| party1 = Indian National Congress
| seats1 = 42

| image2 = Madhav_Shrihari_Aney_2011_stamp_of_India.jpg
| leader2 = [[Madhav Shrihari Aney]]
| party2 = Congress Nationalist Party
| seats2 = 12

| map_image = Indian General Election 1934.svg
| majority_seats = 74
}}{{Politics of India}}

General elections were held in [[British Raj|British India]] in 1934. The [[Indian National Congress]], running in its first national election, emerged as the largest party in the [[Central Legislative Assembly]].<ref name=T1>"Elections in India The New Delhi Assembly, Congress Party's Position", ''The Times'', 10 December 1934, p15, Issue 46933</ref>

The total electorate for the 1934 elections was 1,415,892 (from a population of 242 million), of which 1,135,899 were in contested constituencies. The total number of votes polled was 608,198. The election marked the first year in which Indian women were eligible to vote in any but a local election. Of the 81,602 enrolled women voters, 62,757 of whom were in contested constituencies, only 14,505 actually used the ballot.<ref name=Schwartzberg2>{{cite web|title=Major Elections, 1920–45|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=260&view=text|work=Schwartzberg Atlas|publisher=Digital South Asia Library}}</ref>

==Results==
Out of the 51 general seats of the general constituencies, the Congress won 37 seats. The party also won 5 seats in the non-General constituencies.<ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/fullscreen.html?object=110 Schwartzberg Atlas]</ref> A Congress splinter group, the Congress Nationalist Party, was the only other one to gain a significant number of seats. Most of the 30 Muslim constituencies elected independents to the Council, but within the Council, leadership of the independent Muslims was assumed by [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], who, shortly after the election, resumed the leadership of the moribund Muslim League from which he had previously retired.<ref name=Schwartzberg2 /> Of the 32 seats filled without a contest, twelve were in Muslim constituencies, eight in European constituencies, eight in general constituencies, three reserved for landholders and one reserved for commerce.<ref name=Schwartzberg2 />

{{Election results
|party1=[[Indian National Congress]]|seats1=42
|party2=[[Congress Nationalist Party]]|seats2=12
|party3=Europeans|seats3=9
|party4=[[People's Party (Burma)|People's Party]]|seats4=3
|party5=Independents|seats5=41
|row6=Appointed members|seats6=41
|total_sc=0
|source=The Times<ref name=T1/> [https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=110 Schwartzberg Atlas]
}}

===Membership by province===
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right
!Province
!Europeans
!Independent
!Minor parties
!Congress (General)
!Congress (Non-General)
!Total
|-
|align=left|[[Assam]]|| ||1 ||1||2|| ||4
|-
|align=left|[[Ajmer-Merwara]]|| ||1 || || || ||1
|-
|align=left|[[Bengal]]||3 ||7 ||6||1|| ||17
|-
|align=left|[[Bihar and Orissa]]|| ||5 || ||7|| ||12
|-
|align=left|[[Bombay]]|| 2 || 8 || 1 || 5 || ||16
|-
|align=left|[[Burma]]|| 1 || || 3 ([[People's Party (Burma)|People's Party]])|| || ||4
|-
|align=left|[[Central Provinces]]|| || 1 || 1 || 3 || 1 ||6
|-
|align=left|[[Delhi]]|| || || || 1 || ||1
|-
|align=left|[[1934 Madras Presidency legislative council election|Madras]]|| 1 || 4 || || 10 || 1 ||16
|-
|align=left|[[North-West Frontier Province (1901–1955)|North West Frontier Province]]|| || || || || 1 ||1
|-
|align=left|[[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]]|| || 8 || 3 || 1 || ||12
|-
|align=left|[[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]]|| 1 || 6 || || 8 || 1 ||16
|-
|align=left|'''Total'''|| '''8''' || '''41''' || '''15''' || '''37''' || '''5''' ||'''106'''
|}

The party position in 1941 stood as follows:<ref>{{cite book|title=Constitutional Schemes and Political Development in India|page=19|isbn=9788171005390|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KBCd9ZKzbUUC|last1=Grover|first1=Verinder|last2=Arora|first2=Ranjana|year=1994|publisher=Deep & Deep Publications }}</ref>
'''Central Legislative Assembly'''
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right
!Party
!Seats
|-
|align=left|[[Indian National Congress]]||40
|-
|align=left|[[All-India Muslim League]]||25
|-
|align=left|[[Congress Nationalist Party]]||11
|-
|align=left|Non Party||25
|-
|align=left|Independents||10
|-
|align=left|Europeans||9
|-
|align=left|Officials||20
|-
|align=left|'''Total'''||'''140'''
|-
|}

'''Council of State'''
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right
!Party
!Seats
|-
|align=left|Independent Progressive Party||10
|-
|align=left|[[Indian National Congress]]||6
|-
|align=left|[[All-India Muslim League]]||6
|-
|align=left|Officials||20
|-
|align=left|'''Total'''||'''42'''
|-
|}

==Members of Central Legislative Assembly==
<ref>{{cite book|last=Reed|first=Stanley|title=The Times of India Directory and Year Book Including Who's who|year=1937|publisher=Bennett, Coleman & Company|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yagSAAAAIAAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Assembly Passes Bengal Cr. L. A. Bill|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=wqo-AAAAIBAJ&pg=6357,3388601&dq|access-date=24 August 2013|newspaper=Indian Express|date=6 August 1934}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=A New Party for Assembly|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=DcE-AAAAIBAJ&pg=3935,4100978&dq|access-date=24 August 2013|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=21 September 1936}}</ref>

===Nominated members===
*'''Government of India:''' [[Frank Noyce|Sir Frank Noyce]], [[Nripendra Nath Sircar|Sir Nripendra Nath Sircar]], Sir James Grigg, Sir Henry Craik, [[Muhammad Zafrulla Khan]], P. R. Rau, [[Girija Shankar Bajpai]], Sir Aubrey Metcalfe, G. R. F. Tottenham, A. G. Clow, A. H. Lloyd, A. S. Hands, G. H. Spence, H. Dow
*'''Officials from Provinces:''' A. A. Venkatarama Ayyar (Madras), R. V. Krishna Ayyar (Madras), S. A. V. Acott (Bombay), Saiyid Aminuddin (Bombay), A. J. Dash (Bengal), Srimanta Kumar Das Gupta (Bengal), Shaikh Khurshaid Muhammad (Punjab), N. J. Roughton (Central Provinces), W. V. Grigson (Central Provinces), J. H. Hutton (Assam), L. Owen (United Provinces), J. F. Sale (United Provinces), Shyam Narayan Singh (Bihar & Orissa), R. M. MacDougall (Burma)
*'''Berar Representative:''' [[M. S. Aney]]
* '''Special Interests:''' [[M. C. Rajah]] (Depressed Classes), [[Henry Gidney]] (Anglo-Indian), Dr. F. X. DeSouza (Indian Christians), L. C. Buss (Associated Chamber of Commerce), [[N. M. Joshi]] (Labour Interests)
* '''Non-Officials from Provinces:''' Dr. R. D. Dalal (Bombay), Sir Satya Charan Mukherjee (Bengal), Sardar Jawahar Singh (Punjab), Ramaswami Srinivasa Sarma (Bihar & Orissa),

===Elected members===
* '''Ajmer-Merwara:''' Seth Bhagchand Soni
*'''Assam:''' [[Kuladhar Chaliha]] (Assam Valley General), [[Nabin Chandra Bardoloi]] (Assam Valley General), [[Basanta Kumar Das (Pakistani politician)|Basanta Kumar Das]] (Surma Valley cum Shillong General), [[Abdul Matin Chaudhury]] (Muslim), C. H. Witherington (European)
*'''Bengal:''' N. C. Chunder (Calcutta General), P. N. Banerjea (Calcutta Suburbs General), [[Amarendranath Chatterjee]] (Burdwan General), Pandit [[Lakshmi Kanta Maitra]] (Presidency General), Suryya Kumar Som (Dacca General), Akhil Chandra Datta (Chittagong & Rajshahi General), [[Abdur Rahim (judge)|Sir Abdur Rahim]] (Calcutta & Suburbs Muslim), Haji Chowdhury Muhammad Ismail Khan (Burdwan & Presidency Muslim), [[Abdul Halim Ghaznavi|Sir Abdul Halim Ghuznavi]] (Dacca-cum-Mymensingh Muslim), Anwarul Azim (Chittagong Muslim), [[Khabeeruddin Ahmed]] (Rajshahi Muslim), T. Chapman Mortimer (European), A. Aikman (European), [[Dhirendra Kanta Lahiri Chaudhury]] (Landholders), Babu Baijnath Bajoria (Marwari Association)
*'''Bihar & Orissa:''' Bhubananda Das (Orissa General), [[Nilakantha Das]] (Orissa General), [[Anugrah Narayan Sinha]] (Patna-cum-Shahabad General), [[Krishna Singh (politician)|Shri Krishna Sinha]] (Gaya-cum-Monghyr General), Bepin Bihari Verma (Muzaffarpur-cum-Champaran General), Kailash Bihari Lall (Bhagalpur, Purnea & Santhal districts General), [[Satyendra Narayan Sinha]] (Darbhanga cum Saran General), Raja Bahadur Harihar Prasad Narayan Sinha (Landholders)
*'''Bombay:''' Dr. Gopalrao V. Deshmukh (Bombay City General), [[Sir Cowasji Jehangir, 2nd Baronet|Sir Cowasji Jehangir]] (Bombay City General), Lalchand Navalrai (Sind General), [[Bhulabhai Desai]] (Bombay Northern General), [[Keshavrao Jedhe]] (Bombay Central General), [[Narhar Vishnu Gadgil]] (Bombay Central General), [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] (Bombay City Muslim), [[Abdullah Haroon]] (Sind Muslim), Hooseinbhoy A. Lalljee (Bombay Central Muslim), [[Homi Mody]] (Bombay Millowners' Association), [[Mathuradas Vissanji]] (Indian Merchants' Chamber & Bureau), [[Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah]] (Sind Jagirdars & Landholders), W. B. Hossack (European), Sir Leslie Hudson (European)
*'''Burma:''' Dr. Thein Maung (General), U Ba Si (General), F. B. Leach (European)
*'''Central Provinces:''' [[Narayan Bhaskar Khare]] (Nagpur), [[Seth Govind Das]] (Hindi Divisions), Ghanshyam Singh Gupta (Hindi Divisions), Khan Saheb Nawab Siddique Ali Khan (Muslim), Seth Sheodass Daga (Landholders)
*'''Delhi:''' [[Asaf Ali]]
*'''Madras:''' [[S. Satyamurti]] (Madras City General), [[M. A. Ayyangar]] (Madras ceded districts & Chittoor General), [[V. V. Giri]] (Ganjam cum Vizagapatam General), [[Kasinathuni Nageswara Rao]] (Godavari cum Kistna General), [[N. G. Ranga]] (Guntur-cum-Nellore General), [[T. S. Avinashilingam Chettiar]] (Salem & Coimbatore cum North Arcot General), [[C. N. Muthuranga Mudaliar]] (South Arcot cum Chingleput General), [[T. S. S. Rajan]] (Tanjore cum Trichinopoly General), [[P. S. Kumaraswami Raja]] (Madura & Ramnad cum Tinnevelly General), Samuel Aaron (West Coast & Nilgiris General), [[Kavisekhara Dr Umar Alisha|Umar Ali Shah]] (North Madras Muslim), Moulvi Sayyid Murtuza Saheb Bahadur (South Madras Muslim), Haji Abdul Sathar H. Essak Seit (West Coast & Nilgiris Muslim), F. E. James (European), Raja Sir Vasudeva Rajah of Kollengode (Landholders), [[Sami Venkatachalam Chetty]] (Indian Commerce)
*'''NWFP:''' [[Khan Abdul Jabbar Khan]]
*'''Punjab:''' Lala Sham Lal (Ambala General), [[Bhai Parmanand]] (West Punjab General), Raizada Hans Raj (Jullundur General), [[Ghulam Bhik Nairang]] (East Punjab Muslim), [[K. L. Gauba]] (East Central Punjab Muslim), [[Zafar Ali Khan]] (East Central Punjab Muslim), H. M. Abdullah (West Central Punjab Muslim), Nawab Sahibzada Sayed Sir Muhammad Mehr Shah (North Punjab Muslim), Khan Bahadur Shaik Fazal-i-Haq Piracha (North-West Punjab Muslim), Khan Bahadur Nawab Makhdum Murid Hussain Qureshi (South West Punjab Muslim), [[Mangal Singh]] (East Punjab Sikh), Sardar Harbans Singh Brar (East Punjab Sikh), Sardar Sant Singh (West Punjab Sikh), M. Ghiasuddin (Landholders)
*'''United Provinces:''' [[Bhagwan Das]] (UP Cities General), Choudhri Raghubir Narain Singh (Meerut General), Sri Krishna Dutta Paliwal (Agra General), Kunwar Raghubir Singh (Agra General), [[Govind Ballabh Pant]] (Rohilkund & Kumaon General), [[Sri Prakasa]] (Allahabad & Jhansi General), Krishna Kant Malaviya (Benaras & Gorakhpur General), [[Muhammad Yamin Khan]] (Agra Muslim), Maulvi Sir Muhammad Yakub (Rohilkund & Kumaon Muslim), [[Ziauddin Ahmad]] (UP Southern Muslim), Mohamed Azhar Ali (Lucknow & Fyzabad Muslim)

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Bangladeshi elections}}
{{Indian elections}}
{{Pakistani elections}}

[[Category:1934 elections in India|General]]
[[Category:1934 elections in Asia|India]]
[[Category:General elections in British India]]

Bhavna Thakur

2026-03-20T13:59:27Z

SilasCorrie: made details

{{Short description|Indian kabaddi player (born 1999)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
'''Bhavna Devi Thakur''' (16 January 1999) is an Indian kabaddi player from [[Himachal Pradesh]]. She plays for the [[India women's national kabaddi team|Indian women's national kabaddi team]] and for Himachal Pradesh in domestic tournaments.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=मंडी की वो वर्ल्ड चैंपियन जो छोड़ चुकी थी कबड्डी, देवता की कसम खिलाकर कराई गई वापसी, अब छलका दर्द |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/himachal-pradesh/mandi-kabaddi-world-champion-player-bhavna-thakur-story-local18-9918192.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251202231253/https://hindi.news18.com/news/himachal-pradesh/mandi-kabaddi-world-champion-player-bhavna-thakur-story-local18-9918192.html |archive-date=2025-12-02 |access-date=2026-03-17 |work=News18 हिंदी |language=hi-IN}}</ref> She is a right cover defender.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Daliya |first=Ragini |date=25 November 2025 |title=India Women’s Kabaddi Team Wins 2025 World Cup: See Player Profiles |url=https://thebetterindia.com/web-stories/sports/india-womens-kabaddi-world-cup-2025-player-profiles-10810649 |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=The Better India |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Thakur was born in Baila village, [[Mandi district]], Himachal Pradesh. Her father, Prem Singh, is a farmer and mother, Dassi, is a homemaker. She has an elder brother and three sisters.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-11-13 |title=Bhavna Devi Biography: Early Life, Domestic Career, Achievements, Social Media and More - Kabaddi Adda |url=https://www.kabaddiadda.com/kabaddi/bhavna-devi-biography-early-life-domestic-career-achievements-social-media-and-more/ |access-date=2026-03-17 |language=en-US}}</ref> Her first mentors were Netra Singh and Prem Thakur of Mandi District Kabaddi Association.<ref name=":0" /> She is doing a master's in history.<ref name=":2" />

== Career ==
Thakur made her debut in 2014. She played the Junior Nationals in the same year. Later, she quit the game but was persuaded to return by Singh and Thakur. She trained at the SAI hostel in [[Dharamshala]]. In December 2025, she became the first player from Mandi to win a medal at international level.<ref name=":0" />

In 2023, she was part of the Himachal Pradesh team that won a gold medal at the National Games held at Goa.<ref name=":1" /> In 2024, she represented Himalayan Tahrs in the JSG Women's Yuva Kabaddi Series.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Yuva Kabaddi Series - Bhavna Devi {{!}} A Profile of the Rising Kabaddi Star |url=https://www.yuvakabaddi.com/player/1419/bhavna-devi |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=www.yuvakabaddi.com |language=en}}</ref> In March 2025, she was part of the Indian team that won the 6th Senior Asian Women's Kabaddi Championship at Iran.<ref>{{Cite web |last=divyahimachal |title=Bhavna Thakur: पंडोह की भावना ठाकुर राष्ट्रीय कबड्डी टीम के लिए चयनित |url=https://www.divyahimachal.com/2025/02/bhavna-thakur-pandohs-bhavna-thakur-selected-for-national-kabaddi-team/ |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=Divya Himachal |language=hi}}</ref>

She was a part of the Indian women's national kabaddi team that won gold in the Women’s Kabaddi World Cup 2025 at Bangladesh in November 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nag |first=Utathya |date=24 November 2025 |title=Women’s Kabaddi World Cup 2025: India defend title - all match results, scores and points table |url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/women-kabaddi-world-cup-2025-results-scores-standings-points-table |access-date=16 March 2026 |website=Olympics}}</ref>

Led by the local kabaddi association and other sports bodies, she received a warm welcome after returning to Mandi from the World Cup victory in [[Dhaka]], Bangladesh.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thakur, Bhavna}}
[[Category:1999 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian female kabaddi players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Mandi district]]

Nalanda inscription of Devapaladeva

2026-03-10T21:06:45Z

SilasCorrie: minor cleanup

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
The '''Nalanda Copper-plate of Devapaladeva''' is an ancient [[Buddhist]] inscription located in [[Nalanda]], within the present day [[Bihar]] state of [[Northeastern India]]. It has been dated to 860 CE.

The inscription talks about king Devapaladeva of [[Pala Empire|Bengala (Pala Empire)]] who had granted the request of Sri Maharaja of Suvarnadvipa, [[Balaputra]], to build a [[Buddhist monastery]] at Nalanda. Balaputra was mentioned as the son of [[Samaragrawira]], grandson of ''Śailendravamsatilaka'' (the jewel of the [[Śailendra]] family) with stylized name ''Śrīviravairimathana'' (the slayer of enemy hero), king of [[Java]] that married Tārā, daughter of [[Dharmasetu]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Cœdès|first=George|authorlink=George Cœdès|title=The Indianized States of Southeast Asia|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|year=1996|isbn=0-8248-0368-X}}</ref>{{rp|108}}

It was found by Hirananda Shastri in 1921 in the antechamber of Monastery 1 at Nalanda.

==Inscription's text==

[[File:Nalanda, excavated remains.jpg|thumb|center|upright=3.0|A map of the excavated remains of Nalanda.]]

::"We being requested by the illustrious Maharaja Balaputradeva, the king of Suwarnadvipa through a messenger I have caused to be built a monastery at Nalanda granted by this edict toward the income for the blessed Lord Buddha, the abode of all the leading virtues like the [[prajnaparamita]], for the offerings, oblations, shelter, garments, alms, beds, the requisites of the sick like medicines, etc. of the assembly of the venerable bhiksus of the four quarters (comprising) the Boddhisattvas well versed in the tantras, and the eight great holy personages (i.e. the aryapuggalas) for writing the dharma-ratnas of Buddhist texts and for the up-keep ad repair of the monastery (when) damaged.

::There was a king of Yavabhumi (Yava or [[Java]]), who was the ornament of the Sailendra dynasty, whose lotus feet bloomed by lustre of the jewels in the row of trembling diadems on the heads of all the princes, and whose name was conformable to the illustrious tormentor of brave foes (vira-vairi-mathana). His fame, incarnate as it were by setting its foot on the regions of (white) palaces, in white water lilies, in lotus plants, conches, moon, jasmine and snow and being incessantly sung in all the quarters, pervaded the whole universe. At the time when the king frowned in anger, the fortunes of the enemies also broke down simultaneously with their hearts.

::Indeed, the crooked ones in the world have got ways of moving which are very ingenious in striking others. He had a son (named Samaragravira), who possesses prudence, prowess, and good conduct, whose two feet fordled{{typo help inline|reason=similar to forbled|date=November 2019}} too much with hundreds of diadems of mighty kings (bowing down). He has the foremost warrior in the battlefields and his fame was equal to that earned by Yudishtira, Paracara, Bhimasena, Karna and Arjuna. The multitude of dust of the earth, raised by the feet of his army, moving in the field of battle, was first blown up to the sky by the wind, produced by the moving on the earth (again) by the inchor{{typo help inline|reason=similar to incher|date=November 2019}}, poured forth from the cheeks of the elephants.

::By continuous existence of whose fame the world was altogether without the dark fortnight, just like the family of the lord of the daityas (demons) was without the partisanship of Khrisna. As Paulomi was known to be (the wife of) the lord of the Suras (i.e. Indra), Rati the wife of the mind-born (Kama), the daughter of the mountain (Parvati) of the enemy of Kama (i.e. Shiva), and Lakshmi of the enemy of Mura (i.e. Vishnu), so Tara was the queen consort of that king, and was the daughter of the great ruler [[Dharmasetu]] of the lunar race and resembled Tara (the Buddhist goddess of this name) herself. As the son of Suddhodana (i.e. the Buddha) the conqueror of Kamadeva, was born of Maya, and Skanda, who delighted the heart of the host of gods, was born or Uma by Shiva, was born of her by that king the illustrious Balaputra, who was expert in cruising the pride of all the rulers of the world, and before whose footstool (the seat where his lotus feet rested) the group princes bowed.

::With the mind attracted by the manifold excellences of Nalanda and through devotion to the sun of Suddhodana (the Buddha) and having realized that riches was fickle like the waves of a mountain stream, he whose fame was like that of Sanghartamitra.

::This might possibly meant that his wealth befriended the cause of the Sangha. Built there (at Nalanda) a monastery which was the abode of the assembly of monks of various good qualities and was white the series of stuccoed and lofty dwellings. Having requested, King Devapaladeva who was the preceptor for initiating into widowhood the wives of all the enemies, through envoys, very respectfully and out of devotion and issuing a charter, (he) granted these five villages whose purpose had been motived above for the welfare of himself, his parents and the world. As long as there is continuance of the ocean, or the Ganges has her limbs (the currents of water) agitated by the extensive plaited hair of Hara (Shiva), as long as the immovable king of snakes (Shesa) lightly bears the heavy and extensive earth every day, and as long as the (Udaya) Eastern and (Asta) Western mountains have their crest jewels scratched by the hoofs of the horses of the Sun, so long may this meritorious act, setting up virtues over the world, endure."<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Shastri|first1=Hirananda|title=The Nalanda Copper-plate of Devapaladeva|journal=Epigraphia Indica|date=1924|volume=17|pages=310–327|url=https://archive.org/stream/epigraphia-indica/epigraphia-indica-vol-17#page/n353/mode/2up|accessdate=6 December 2015|ref=EI|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330070000/https://archive.org/stream/epigraphia-indica/epigraphia-indica-vol-17#page/n353/mode/2up|archivedate=30 March 2016}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=January 2023}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.southeastasianarchaeology.com/2007/11/17/nalanda-and-the-southeast-asian-connection/ Southeastasianarchaeology.com: Nalanda and the Southeast Asian connection]
* [http://www.iseas.edu.sg/nsc/index.htm Iseas.edu.sg: The Nalanda-Sriwijaya Centre at the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723091301/http://www.iseas.edu.sg/nsc/index.htm |date=23 July 2011 }}

[[Category:Indian inscriptions]]
[[Category:Nalanda]]
[[Category:Pala Empire]]
[[Category:860]]
[[Category:9th century in India]]
[[Category:9th-century Buddhism]]
[[Category:Buddhist sites in Bihar]]
[[Category:Shailendra dynasty]]
[[Category:Srivijaya]]

Battle of Kohima

2026-03-06T18:00:20Z

SilasCorrie: improved article

{{Short description|1944 battle around Kohima, Nagaland, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Battle of Kohima
| partof = [[Operation U-Go]] during the [[Burma campaign (1944)|Burma campaign]] of [[World War II]]
| image = IND 003698 Garrison Hill Kohima.jpg
| image_size = 300
| caption = View of the Garrison Hill battlefield, the key to the British defences at Kohima
| date = 4 April – 22 June 1944
| place = [[Kohima]], [[Naga Hills District, British India|Naga Hills District]], [[Assam Province]], [[British Raj|British India]] (now [[Nagaland]], India)
| coordinates = {{Coord|25.66639|94.10035|display=inline,title}}
| result = Allied victory
| combatant1 = {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[United Kingdom]]
* {{flagicon|British Raj}} [[British Raj|India]]
{{flagicon|Nepal|old}} [[Kingdom of Nepal|Nepal]]
| combatant2 = {{flagicon|Empire of Japan}} [[Empire of Japan|Japan]]
* {{flagicon|India|1931}} [[Azad Hind]]
| commander1 = {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Montagu Stopford]]
| commander2 = {{flagicon|Empire of Japan|army}} [[Kōtoku Satō]]
| strength1 = '''Start''': 1 infantry brigade (1,500) '''End''': 2 infantry divisions 1 ''Chindit'' brigade 1 motor brigade
| strength2 = 1 infantry division (15,000–20,000){{sfn|Allen|2000|p=228}}
| casualties1 = 4,064{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=643}}
| casualties2 = 5,764–7,000{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=643}} (Combat deaths only, more lost to disease and starvation){{sfn|Rooney|1992|pp=103–104}}{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=313–314}}
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Burma}}
}}

The '''Battle of Kohima''' was the turning point of the [[Imperial Japan|Japanese]] [[Operation U-Go|U-Go offensive]] into [[British Raj|British India]] in 1944 during the [[World War II|Second World War]]. It took place in three stages from 4 April to 22 June 1944 around the town of [[Kohima]], now the capital city of the state of [[Nagaland]] in [[Northeast India]]. From 3 to 16 April, the Japanese attempted to capture Kohima ridge, a feature which dominated the road by which the besieged [[British Army|British]] and [[British Indian Army|Indian]] troops of [[IV Corps (United Kingdom)|IV Corps]] at [[Imphal]] were supplied. By mid-April, the small British and British Indian force at Kohima was relieved.

From 18 April to 13 May British and British Indian reinforcements counter-attacked to drive the Japanese from the positions they had captured. The Japanese abandoned the ridge at this point but continued to block the Kohima–Imphal road. From 16 May to 22 June the British and British Indian troops pursued the retreating Japanese and reopened the road. The battle ended on 22 June when British and British Indian troops from Kohima and Imphal met at Milestone 109, ending the [[Battle of Imphal|Siege of Imphal]].

In 2013, a poll conducted by the British [[National Army Museum]] voted the Battles of Kohima and Imphal as "Britain's Greatest Battle".<ref>{{cite web |title=Britain's Greatest Battles |url=http://www.nam.ac.uk/exhibitions/online-exhibitions/britains-greatest-battles |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225171213/http://www.nam.ac.uk/exhibitions/online-exhibitions/britains-greatest-battles |archive-date=25 December 2013 |access-date=15 December 2015 |publisher=National Army Museum}}</ref> The Battles of Kohima and Imphal have been referred to by authors such as Martin Dougherty and Jonathan Ritter as the "[[Battle of Stalingrad|Stalingrad]] of the East".{{sfn|Dougherty|2008|p=159}}{{sfn|Ritter|2017|page=123}}

==Background==
The Japanese plan to invade India, codenamed [[Operation U-Go|U-Go]], was originally intended as a spoiling attack against the [[IV Corps (United Kingdom)|British IV Corps]] at [[Imphal]] in [[Manipur]], to disrupt the [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] offensive plans for that year. The commander of the [[Japanese Fifteenth Army]], [[Lieutenant General]] [[Renya Mutaguchi]], enlarged the plan to invade India itself and perhaps even overthrow the [[British Raj]].{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=154–155}}{{#tag:ref|According to Julian Thompson, "To this day [in 2010] there is disagreement on whether or not Mutaguchi intended to stop at Imphal. He favoured pressing on into India, and with help from uprisings by Indian nationalists in India, throwing the British out. … A possible indicator of Mutaguchi’s aspirations… was the inclusion of the 1st [[Indian National Army]] (INA) Division [an anti-British force]…. The INA was ineffective in battle so Mutaguchi’s motive for saddling himself with seven thousand useless mouths could only have been to use them for propaganda on arrival in India".{{sfn|Thompson|2010|p=208}}|group=Note}}

If the Japanese were able to gain a strong foothold in India they would demonstrate the weakness of the British Empire and provide encouragement to Indian nationalists in their decolonization efforts.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=154}} Moreover, occupation of the area around Imphal would severely impact American efforts to supply [[Chiang Kai-shek]]'s army in China.{{sfn|Keane|2010|p=5}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historynet.com/burma-campaign-seizing-imphal-and-kohima-in-world-war-ii.htm|title=Burma Campaign: Seizing Imphal and Kohima in World War II|website=[[World History Group]]|date=6 December 2006|access-date=17 December 2017}}</ref> The objections of the staffs of various headquarters were eventually overcome, and the offensive was approved by [[Imperial General Headquarters]] on 7 January 1944.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=166–167}}

Part of the plan involved sending the [[IJA 31st Division|Japanese 31st Division]] (which was composed of the 58th, 124th and 138th Infantry Regiments and the 31st Mountain Artillery Regiment) to capture Kohima and thus cut off Imphal. Mutaguchi wished to exploit the capture of Kohima by pushing the 31st Division on to [[Dimapur]], the vital railhead and logistic base in the [[Brahmaputra River]] valley.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=285}}

The 31st Division's commander, Lieutenant General [[Kōtoku Satō]], was unhappy with his role. He had not been involved in the planning of the offensive, and had grave misgivings about its chances. He had already told his staff that they might all starve to death.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=232}} In common with many senior Japanese officers, Sato considered Mutaguchi a "blockhead".{{citation needed|date=January 2025}} He and Mutaguchi had also been on opposite sides during the split between the ''[[Toseiha]]'' and ''[[Kodoha]]'' factions within the Japanese Army during the early 1930s, and Sato believed he had reason to distrust Mutaguchi's motives.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=284–285}}

==Prelude==
[[File:Kohima.jpg|thumb|Imphal and Kohima campaign]]
Starting on 15 March 1944, the Japanese 31st Division crossed the [[Chindwin River]]{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=189}} near [[Homalin]] and moved north-west along jungle trails on a front almost {{convert|60|mi|km}} wide. Because of a shortage of transport, half the artillery regiment's mountain guns and the infantry regiments' heavy weapons were left behind. Only three week's supply of food and ammunition was carried.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibiblio.org/hyperwar/Japan/Monos/pdfs/JM-134/JM-134.pdf|title=Burma Operations Record: 15th Army Operations in Imphal Area and Withdrawal to Northern Burma|website=[[ibiblio]]|publisher=[[Office of the Chief of Military History]], [[United States Army|US Army]]|access-date=19 February 2021|page=72}}</ref>

Although the march was arduous, good progress was made. The left wing of the division, consisting of the bulk of the 58th Regiment and commanded by the division's Infantry Group commander,{{#tag:ref|A Japanese Infantry Division had a separate "Infantry Group" or "Infantry Brigade" headquarters which, as in this case, could control any substantial detachment from the main body of the division|group=Note}} [[Major General]] [[Shigesaburō Miyazaki]], was ahead of the neighbouring formation (the [[15th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|Japanese 15th Infantry Division]]) when they clashed with Indian troops covering the northern approaches to Imphal on 20 March.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=213}}

The Indian troops were the [[50th Indian Parachute Brigade]] under Brigadier [[Maxwell Hope-Thomson]], at Sangshak.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=189}} Although they were not Miyazaki's objective, he decided to clear them from his line of advance. The [[Battle of Sangshak]] continued for six days. The parachute brigade's troops were desperately short of drinking water,{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=216}} but Miyazaki was handicapped by lack of artillery until near the end of the battle. Eventually, as some of the Japanese 15th Division's troops joined the battle, Hope-Thomson withdrew. The 50th Parachute Brigade lost 600 men, while the Japanese had suffered over 400 casualties. Miyazaki had also captured some of the food and munitions that had been dropped by the [[Royal Air Force]] (RAF) to the defenders of Sangshak. However, his troops, who had the shortest and easiest route to Kohima, were delayed by a week.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=212–220}}

Meanwhile, the commander of the [[Fourteenth Army (United Kingdom)|British Fourteenth Army]], Lieutenant General [[William Slim, 1st Viscount Slim|William Slim]], belatedly realised (partly from Japanese documents that had been captured at Sangshak) that a whole Japanese division was moving towards Kohima.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=220}} He and his staff had originally believed that, because of the forbidding terrain in the area, the Japanese would only be able to send a regiment to take Kohima.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=228}}{{sfn|Slim|1956|p=299}}{{#tag:ref|A Japanese regiment was approximately 2,600 men, while a division varied between 12,000 and 22,000 men.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=654}}|group=Note}}

Slim knew that there were few fighting troops, as opposed to soldiers in line-of-communication units and supporting services, in Kohima and none at all at the vital base of Dimapur {{convert|30|mi|km}} to the north. Dimapur contained an area of supply dumps {{convert|11|mi|km}} long and {{convert|1|mi|km}} wide.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=229}}{{sfn|Hantzis|2017|loc=Chapter 13}} As the fall of Dimapur would have been disastrous for the Allies, Slim asked his superior, General [[George Giffard]] (commanding [[Eleventh Army Group (United Kingdom)|Eleventh Army Group]]),{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=206}} for more troops to protect Dimapur and to prepare to relieve Imphal.{{sfn|Swinson|2015|loc=Chapter 2}}

The Allies were already hastily reinforcing the Imphal Front.{{sfn|Rooney|1992|p=144}} As part of this move, the infantry and artillery of the [[5th Indian Infantry Division]] were flown from the [[Rakhine State|Arakan]], where they had just participated in the defeat of a subsidiary Japanese offensive at the [[Battle of the Admin Box]]. While the main body of the division went to Imphal (where some units had been isolated and almost all of IV Corps' reserves had already been committed), the [[161st Indian Infantry Brigade]], commanded by Brigadier [[Dermot Warren]] and with 24th Mountain Artillery Regiment, [[Royal Indian Artillery|Indian Artillery]] attached, were flown to Dimapur.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=229–230}}

Early in March, the [[23rd British Infantry Brigade|23rd Long Range Penetration Brigade]] was removed from Major General [[Orde Wingate]]'s [[Chindit]] force, and was dispatched by rail from around Lalaghat to [[Jorhat]], {{convert|50|mi|km}} north of Dimapur, where they could threaten the flank of any Japanese attack on the base. Giffard and General [[Claude Auchinleck]], the Commander-in-Chief of the [[British Indian Army]], also prepared to send the [[2nd Infantry Division (United Kingdom)|British 2nd Division]] and [[XXXIII Corps (British India)|Indian XXXIII Corps]] HQ under Lieutenant General [[Montagu George North Stopford|Montagu Stopford]] from reserve in southern and central India to Dimapur, by road and rail.{{sfn|Slim|1956|pp=300–301}}{{sfn|Ministry of Defence|2004|pp=2–3}}

Until XXXIII Corps headquarters could arrive at Dimapur, the HQ of 202 Line of Communication Area under Major General [[Robert Philip Lancaster-Ranking]] took command of the area.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=229}}{{sfn|Slim|1956|p=300}}

==Battle==
===Geography===
Kohima's strategic importance in the wider 1944 Japanese Chindwin offensive lay in that it was the summit of a pass that offered the Japanese the best route from Burma into India.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=228}} Through it ran the road which was the [[Main Supply Route|main supply route]] between the base at Dimapur in the Brahmaputra River valley and Imphal,{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=232–234}} where the British and Indian troops of IV Corps (consisting of the [[17th Indian Infantry Division|17th]], [[20th Indian Infantry Division|20th]] and [[23rd Indian Infantry Division]]s) faced the main Japanese offensive.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=229&657}}{{sfn|Fowler|2009|loc=Chapter 8}}

Kohima Ridge itself runs roughly north and south.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=231}} The road from Dimapur to Imphal climbs to its northern end and runs along its eastern face. In 1944, Kohima was the administrative centre of [[Nagaland]]. The [[Deputy Commissioner]] was [[Charles Pawsey]]. His bungalow stood on the hillside at a bend in the road, with its gardens and tennis court, and a clubhouse, on terraces above.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=228}} Although some terraces around the village were cleared for cultivation, the steep slopes of the ridge were densely forested.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=228}}
[[File:The attack on Kohima, 1944.jpg|thumb|News image showing the Japanese Army approaching Kohima.]]
North of the ridge lay the densely inhabited area of ''Naga Village'', crowned by ''Treasury Hill'',{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=228}} and ''Church Knoll'' (Baptist and other Christian missionaries had been active in Nagaland over the preceding half century). South and west of Kohima Ridge were ''GPT Ridge'' and the jungle-covered ''Aradura Spur''. The various British and Indian service troop encampments in the area gave their names to the features which were to be important in the battle e.g. "Field Supply Depot" became ''FSD Hill'' or merely ''FSD''.{{sfn|Rooney|1992|p=74}}{{sfn|Fowler|2009|loc=Chapter 9}} The Japanese later assigned their own code-names to the features; for example, ''Garrison Hill'', which overlooked Kohima,<ref name="ethirajan">{{cite news|title=Kohima: Britain's 'forgotten' battle that changed the course of WWII|last=Ethirajan|first=Anbarasan|website=BBC News|date=14 February 2021|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-55625447}}</ref> was known as ''Inu'' (dog) and ''Kuki Piquet'' (see map of Kohima Ridge) as ''Saru'' (monkey).{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=267}}

===Siege===
Before the 161st Indian Brigade arrived, the only fighting troops in the Kohima area were the newly raised 1st Battalion, the [[Assam Regiment]] and a few platoons from the 3rd (Naga Hills) Battalion of the paramilitary [[Assam Rifles]].{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=228}} Late in March 161st Brigade deployed in Kohima, but Major-General Ranking ordered them back to Dimapur, as it was felt initially that Dimapur had more strategic importance. Kohima was regarded as a roadblock, while Dimapur was the railhead where the majority of Allied supplies were stored.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=229}} Slim also feared that the Japanese might leave only a detachment to contain the garrison of Kohima while the main body of the 31st Division moved by tracks to the east to attack Dimapur.{{sfn|Slim|1956|p=306}}

To Slim's relief, Satō concentrated on capturing Kohima. (Early in the siege, on 8 April, Mutaguchi directly ordered Sato to send a detachment to advance on Dimapur. Satō unwillingly dispatched a battalion of the 138th Regiment but a few hours later Mutaguchi's superior, Lieutenant General [[Masakasu Kawabe]] commanding [[Burma Area Army]], vetoed the move.){{sfn|Dennis|Lyman|2010|p=51}}

As the right wing and centre of the Japanese 31st Division approached [[Jessami]], over {{convert|80|mi|km}} by road to the east of Kohima, elements of the Assam Regiment fought delaying actions against them commencing on 1 April. Nevertheless, the men in the forward positions were soon overrun and the Assam regiment was ordered to withdraw. By the night of 3 April, Miyazaki's troops reached the outskirts of the Naga village and began probing Kohima from the south.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=230}}

Stopford's Corps HQ took over responsibility for the front from Ranking on 3 April.{{sfn|Slim|1956|p=306}} The next day, he ordered the 161st Indian Brigade to move forward to Kohima again, but only one battalion, 4th Battalion [[Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment]] commanded by Lieutenant Colonel John Laverty, and a company of the 4th Battalion, [[7th Rajput Regiment]] arrived in Kohima before the Japanese cut the road west of the ridge. Besides these troops from 161st Brigade, the garrison consisted of a raw battalion (the Shere Regiment) from the [[Nepal Army|Royal Nepalese Army]], some companies from the [[Burma Regiment]], some of the Assam Regiment which had retired to Kohima and various detachments of convalescents and line-of-communication troops. The garrison numbered about 2,500, of which about 1,000 were non-combatants{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=234}} and was commanded by Colonel [[Hugh Richards]], who had served formerly with the Chindits.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=227}}[[File:Kohima ridge.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Kohima Ridge]]The siege began on 6 April. The garrison was continually shelled and mortared, in many instances by Japanese using weapons and ammunition captured at Sangshak and from other depots, and was slowly driven into a small perimeter on ''Garrison Hill''. They had artillery support from the main body of 161st Brigade, who were themselves cut off {{convert|2|mi|km}} away at [[Jotsoma]], but, as at Sangshak, they were very short of drinking water. The water supply point was on ''GPT Ridge'', which was captured by the Japanese on the first day of the siege. Some of its defenders were unable to retreat to other positions on the ridge and instead withdrew towards Dimapur. Canvas water tanks on ''FSD'' and at the Indian General Hospital had neither been filled nor dug in to protect them from fire. While a small spring was discovered on the north side of ''Garrison Hill'', it could be reached only at night.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=235}} The medical dressing stations were exposed to Japanese fire, and wounded men were often hit again as they waited for treatment.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=236}}

Some of the heaviest fighting took place at the north end of Kohima Ridge, around the Deputy Commissioner's bungalow and tennis court, in what became known as the [[Battle of the Tennis Court]]. The tennis court became a [[no man's land]], with the Japanese and the defenders of Kohima dug in on opposite sides, so close to each other that grenades were thrown between the trenches. The American historians Alan Millet and Williamson Murray wrote about the fighting at Kohima between the Japanese vs. the Anglo-Indian troops: "Nowhere in World War II – even on the Eastern Front – did the combatants fight with more mindless savagery".{{sfn|Murray|Millet|2000|p=350}}

On the night of 17/18 April, the Japanese finally captured the DC's bungalow area. Other Japanese captured ''Kuki Picquet'', cutting the garrison in two.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=237}} The defenders' situation was desperate, but the Japanese did not follow up by attacking ''Garrison Hill'' as by now they were exhausted by hunger and by the fighting, and when daylight broke, troops of 161st Indian Brigade arrived to relieve the garrison.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=237–238}}{{sfn|Murray|Millet|2000|p=350}}

===Relief===
[[File:Indian and Gurkha soldiers inspect captured Japanese ordnance during the Imphal-Kohima battle, 1944.jpg|thumb|right|Indian soldiers of the [[British Indian Army]] inspect captured Japanese ordnance during the Kohima battle, April 1944]]

The British 2nd Division, commanded by Major General [[John Grover (British Army officer)|John M. L. Grover]], had begun to arrive at Dimapur in early April. By 11 April, the Fourteenth Army had about the same number of troops in the area as the Japanese. The [[5th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)|British 5th Brigade]] of the 2nd Division broke through Japanese roadblocks to relieve 161st Brigade in Jotsoma on 15 April. The [[6th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)|British 6th Brigade]] took over 161st Brigade's defensive position (the "Jotsoma Box"), allowing the 161st Brigade with air, artillery and armour support to launch an attack towards Kohima on 18 April. After a day's heavy fighting, the leading troops of the Brigade (1st Battalion, [[1st Punjab Regiment]] and tanks of the 149 Regiment Royal Armoured Corps) broke through and started to relieve the Kohima garrison.{{sfn|Slim|1956|pp=316–317}} By this point, Kohima resembled a battlefield from the [[World War I|First World War]], with smashed trees, ruined buildings and the ground covered in craters.{{sfn|Dennis|Lyman|2010|p=58}}

Under cover of darkness, the wounded (numbering 300) were brought out under fire. Although contact had been established, it took a further 24 hours to fully secure the road between Jotsoma and Kohima. During 19 April and into the early hours of 20 April, the British 6th Brigade replaced the original garrison and at 06:00 hours on 20 April, the garrison commander (Colonel Richards) handed over command of the area.{{sfn|Slim|1956|p=317}} 6th Brigade observers were taken aback by the condition of the garrison; one battle hardened officer commented: "They looked like aged, bloodstained scarecrows, dropping with fatigue; the only clean thing about them was their weapons, and they smelt of blood, sweat and death."{{sfn|Wilson|2001|p=110}}

Miyazaki continued to try to capture ''Garrison Hill'', and there was heavy fighting for this position for several more nights, with high casualties on both sides. The Japanese positions on ''Kuki Picquet'' were only {{convert|50|yd|m}} from ''Garrison Hill'', and fighting was often hand-to-hand.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=267–269}} On the other flank of ''Garrison Hill'', on the night of 26/27 April, a British attack recaptured the clubhouse above the Deputy Commissioner's bungalow, which overlooked most of the Japanese centre.{{sfn|Slim|1956|p=314}}

===Counter-offensive===
[[File:IND 003483 tennis court at Kohima.jpg|thumb|right|The mined tennis court and terraces of the District Commissioner's bungalow in Kohima]]
The Japanese reorganised their forces for defence. Their Left Force under Miyazaki held Kohima Ridge with four battalions.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=270}} The divisional HQ under Sato himself and the Centre Force under Colonel Shiraishi held ''Naga Village'' with another four battalions.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=289}} The much smaller Right Force held villages to the north and east.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=270}}

To support their attack against the Japanese position, the British had amassed thirty-eight [[QF 3.7-inch mountain howitzer|3.7 Inch Mountain Howitzers]], forty-eight [[Ordnance QF 25-pounder|25-pounder field guns]] and two [[BL 5.5-inch Medium Gun|5.5-inch medium guns]].{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=272}} The RAF (chiefly [[Hawker Hurricane|Hurricane]] fighter-bombers of [[No. 34 Squadron RAF|34 Squadron]] and [[Vultee A-31 Vengeance|Vultee Vengeance]] dive-bombers of [[No. 84 Squadron RAF|84 Squadron]]){{sfn|Luto|2013|p=3}} also bombed and strafed the Japanese positions. The Japanese could oppose them with only seventeen light mountain guns, with very little ammunition.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=286}} Nevertheless, the progress of the British counter-attack was slow. Tanks could not easily be used, and the Japanese occupied bunkers which were very deeply dug in, well-concealed and mutually supporting.{{sfn|Dennis|Lyman|2010|pp=80–82}}

While the British 6th Brigade defended ''Garrison Hill'', the other two brigades of 2nd Division tried to outflank both ends of the Japanese position, in ''Naga Village'' to the north and on ''GPT Ridge'' to the south. The [[monsoon]] had broken by this time and the steep slopes were covered in mud, making movement and supply very difficult. In places the [[4th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)|British 4th Brigade]] had to cut steps up hillsides and build handrails in order to make progress.{{sfn|Wilson|2001|p=115}} On 4 May, the British 5th Brigade secured a foothold in the outskirts of ''Naga Village'' but lost it to a counter-attack.{{sfn|Slim|1956|p=315}} On the same day, the British 4th Brigade, having made a long flank march around Mount Pulebadze to approach Kohima Ridge from the south-west, attacked ''GPT Ridge'' in driving rain and captured part of the ridge by surprise but were unable to secure the entire ridge.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=273–274}} Two successive commanders of British 4th Brigade were killed in the subsequent close-range fighting on the ridge.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=274}}

Both outflanking moves having failed because of the terrain and the weather, the British 2nd Division concentrated on attacking the Japanese positions along Kohima Ridge from 4 May onwards. Fire from Japanese posts on the reverse slope of ''GPT Ridge'' repeatedly caught British troops attacking ''Jail Hill'' in the flank, inflicting heavy casualties and preventing them from capturing the hill for a week. However, the various positions were slowly taken. ''Jail Hill'', together with ''Kuki Picquet'', ''FSD'' and ''DIS'', was finally captured on 11 May, after a barrage of smoke shells blinded the Japanese machine-gunners and allowed the troops to secure the hill and dig in.{{sfn|Slim|1956|p=316}}{{sfn|Dennis|Lyman|2010|p=82}}

The last Japanese positions on the ridge to be captured were the tennis court and gardens above the Deputy Commissioner's bungalow. On 13 May, after several failed attempts to outflank or storm the position, the British finally bulldozed a track to the summit above the position, up which a tank could be dragged. A [[M3 Lee|Lee tank]] crashed down onto the tennis court and destroyed the Japanese trenches and bunkers there. The 2nd Bn, the [[Dorsetshire Regiment]], followed up and captured the hillside where the bungalow formerly stood, thus finally clearing Kohima Ridge.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=272–273}} The terrain had been reduced to a fly and rat-infested wilderness, with half-buried human remains everywhere. The conditions under which the Japanese troops had lived and fought have been described by several sources, including author Frank McLynn, as "unspeakable".{{sfn|McLynn|2011|p=316}}

The situation worsened for the Japanese as yet more Allied reinforcements arrived.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=275}} The 7th Indian Infantry Division, commanded by Major General [[Frank Messervy]], was arriving piecemeal by road and rail from the Arakan. Its 33rd Indian Brigade had already been released from XXXIII Corps reserve to join the fighting on Kohima Ridge on 4 May.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=274}} The [[114th Indian Infantry Brigade]] and the Division HQ arrived on 12 May and (with 161st Brigade under command) the division concentrated on recapturing the ''Naga Village'' from the north. The independent [[268th Indian Infantry Brigade]] was used to relieve the brigades of British 2nd Division and allow them to rest, before they resumed their drive southwards along the Imphal Road.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=275}}

Nevertheless, when the Allies launched another attack on 16 May, the Japanese continued to defend ''Naga Village'' and ''Aradura Spur'' tenaciously.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=274–275}} An attack on ''Naga Hill'' on the night of 24/25 May gained no ground.{{sfn|Dennis|Lyman|2010|p=85}} Another attack, mounted against both ends of ''Aradura Spur'' on the night of 28/29 May was even more decisively repulsed. The repeated setbacks, with exhaustion and the effects of the climate began to affect the morale of the British 2nd Division especially.{{sfn|Dennis|Lyman|2010|p=85}}

===Japanese retreat===
[[File:Asian Highway 1 passing through Viswema.jpg|thumb|right|Historic Kohima–Imphal road in 2018]]
The decisive factor was the Japanese lack of supplies. The Japanese 31st Division had begun the operation with only three weeks' supply of food.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=286}} Once these supplies were exhausted, the Japanese had to exist on meagre captured stocks and what they could forage in increasingly hostile local villages. (Shortly before the siege of Kohima began, the Japanese had captured a huge warehouse in ''Naga Village'' with enough rice to feed the division "for three years", but it was immediately bombed and the stock of rice was destroyed.){{sfn|Keane|2010|p=238}} The British 23rd LRP Brigade, which had been operating behind the Japanese division, cut the Japanese supply lines and prevented them foraging in the Naga Hills to the east of Kohima. The Japanese had mounted two resupply missions, using captured [[jeep]]s to carry supplies forward from the Chindwin to 31st Division, but they brought mainly artillery and anti-tank ammunition, rather than food.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=286}}

By the middle of May, Satō's troops were starving. He considered that Mutaguchi and the HQ of Japanese Fifteenth Army were taking little notice of his situation, as they had issued several confusing and contradictory orders to him during April.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=287}} Because the main attack on Imphal faltered around the middle of April, Mutaguchi wished 31st Division or parts of it to join in the attack on Imphal from the north, even while the division was struggling to capture and hold Kohima. Satō considered that Fifteenth Army headquarters were issuing unrealistic orders to his division without proper planning or consideration for the conditions. Nor did he believe that they were exerting themselves to move supplies to his division.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=287–293}} He began considering pulling his troops back to allow for resupply.{{sfn|Rooney|1992|p=103}}

On 25 May, Satō notified Fifteenth Army HQ that he would withdraw on 1 June, unless his division received supplies.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=288}} Finally on 31 May, he abandoned ''Naga Village'' and other positions north of the road, in spite of orders from Mutaguchi to hang on to his position.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=289}} (For a divisional commander to retreat without orders or permission from his superior was unheard-of in the Japanese Army.){{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=292&308}} This allowed XXXIII Corps to outflank Miyazaki's position on ''Aradura Spur'' and begin pushing south.{{sfn|Dennis|Lyman|2010|p=68}}

Miyazaki's detachment continued to fight rearguard actions and demolish bridges along the road to Imphal, but was eventually driven off the road and forced to retreat eastwards. The remainder of the Japanese division retreated painfully south but found very little to eat, as most of what few supplies had been brought forward across the Chindwin had been consumed by other Japanese units, who were as desperately hungry as Satō's men.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=290}} Many of the 31st Division were too enfeebled to drag themselves further south than [[Ukhrul]] (near the Sangshak battlefield), where hospitals had been set up (but with no medicines, medical staff or food), or Humine {{convert|20|mi|km}} south of Ukhrul, where Sato vainly hoped to find supplies.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=290–292}}

[[File:Soldiers of the two wings of the 14th Army link-up at Milestone 109 during the Battle of Imphal-Kohima.jpg|thumb|The link-up at Milestone 109 between the two arms of the 14th Army which relieved the Japanese siege of Imphal.]]
Indian XXXIII Corps followed up the retreating Japanese. The British 2nd Division advanced down the main road, while the 7th Indian Division (using mules and jeeps for most of its transport), moved through the rough terrain east of the road. On 22 June, the leading troops of British 2nd Division met the main body of 5th Indian Infantry Division advancing north from Imphal at Milestone 109, {{convert|30|mi|km}} south of Kohima.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=295}} The siege of Imphal was over, and truck convoys quickly carried vital heavy supplies to the troops at Imphal.{{sfn|Rooney|1992|pp=104–105}}

During the Battle of Kohima, the British and Indian forces had lost 4,064 men, dead, missing and wounded.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=643}} Against this the Japanese had lost at least 5,764 battle casualties in the Kohima area,{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=643}} and many of the 31st Division subsequently died of disease or starvation, or took their own lives.{{sfn|Rooney|1992|pp=103–104}}{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=313–314}}

==Aftermath==
After ignoring army orders for several weeks, Satō was removed from command of Japanese 31st Division early in July. The entire Japanese offensive was broken off at the same time. Slim derided Satō as the most unenterprising of his opponents, and even dissuaded the RAF from bombing Satō's HQ because he wanted him kept alive, as doing so would help the Allied cause.{{sfn|Slim|1956|p=311}} Japanese sources, however, blame his superior, Mutaguchi, for both the weaknesses of the original plan, and the antipathy between himself and Sato which led Sato to concentrate on saving his division rather than driving on distant objectives.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=285–287}}

[[File:The War in the Far East- the Burma Campaign 1941-1945 IND3697.jpg|thumb|left|View of Kohima Ridge after the battle.|300x300px]]

After Satō was removed from command, he refused an invitation to commit [[seppuku]] and demanded a [[court martial]] to clear his name and make his complaints about Fifteenth Army HQ public. At Kawabe's prompting, Satō was declared to have suffered a mental breakdown and was unfit to stand trial.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=308–309}} He was replaced as commander of the 31st Division by Lieutenant General [[Tsuchitaro Kawada]].{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=314}} Major General Miyazaki was promoted and appointed to command the [[54th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|Japanese 54th Division]], serving in Arakan.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=513–514}}

The huge losses the Japanese suffered in the Battles of Imphal and Kohima (mainly through starvation and disease) crippled their defence of Burma against Allied attacks during the following year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/ff6_imphal.shtml|title=Defence of Imphal and Kohima|last=Robinson|first=Bruce|publisher=[[BBC]]|access-date=10 October 2017}}</ref>

On the Allied side, Major General Grover was dismissed from command of the British 2nd Division on 5 July, for perceived slowness in conducting the offensive, and also after complaints about his handling of Indian formations (161st and 33rd Indian Brigades) attached to his division, and replaced by Major General [[Cameron Nicholson]]. He accepted his dismissal stoically and was appointed Director of Army Welfare Services at the [[War Office]].{{sfn|Keane|2010|pp=385–386}} Seventy years after the Battle of Kohima a memorial to him was unveiled at Jotsoma, the site of his 2nd Division Headquarters.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nagalandpost.com/channelnews/state/StateNews.aspx?news=TkVXUzEwMDA1ODI1Nw%3D%3D|title=Major General John M.L. Grover's monument unveiled|newspaper=Nagaland Post|date=17 April 2014|access-date=10 October 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080115/http://www.nagalandpost.com/channelnews/state/StateNews.aspx?news=TkVXUzEwMDA1ODI1Nw%3D%3D|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> Brigadier Dermot Warren, who commanded the 161st Indian Brigade during the siege,{{sfn|Rooney|1992|p=200}} was promoted to command the 5th Indian Division,{{sfn|Brett-James|1951|loc=Chapter XXV}} but was killed in an air crash the following year.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/syonantimes19450501-1.2.7|title=Indian Division Chief Killed|newspaper=The Syonan Shimbun|date=1 May 1945|page=1|access-date=17 December 2017}}</ref>

===Aerial resupply===
The aerial resupply of Kohima was part of an effort that, at its height, delivered around 500 tons of supplies per day to Allied forces in the theatre.{{sfn|Rooney|1992|p=63}} At the sieges of both Kohima and Imphal, the Allies relied entirely on resupply from the air by British and American aircraft{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=244}} flying from India until the road from the railhead at Dimapur was cleared. At Kohima, due to the narrow ridgelines, accuracy in the dropping of air delivered [[logistics]] proved to be a considerable problem and as the fighting intensified and the defended area decreased, the task became harder and more dangerous.{{sfn|Ministry of Defence|2004|p=9}} In order to improve the accuracy of the drops, the Dakota pilots were forced to fly "dangerously low".{{sfn|Rooney|1992|p=64}}

The increasing dominance of Allied airpower by this stage of the Burma campaign was a major factor in helping the Allies turn the tide of the war in this theatre. Allied air supply enabled British and Indian troops to hold out in positions that they might otherwise have had to abandon due to shortages of ammunition, food and water, as reinforcements and supplies could be brought in even when garrisons were surrounded and cut off.{{sfn|Brayley|2002|p=10}} Conversely, the Japanese found their own supply situation harder to resolve and in the end it was one of the deciding factors in the battle.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=288}}

===Victoria Cross===
Three [[Victoria Cross]]es were awarded for actions during the Battle of Kohima:
* [[Lance Corporal]] [[John Pennington Harman]],{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=235–236}}<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=36574|supp=y|page=2961|date=20 June 1944}}</ref> 4th Battalion, [[Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment]], [[161st Indian Infantry Brigade]], [[5th Infantry Division (India)|5th Indian Infantry Division]]. During heavy fighting around "Detail Hill" (FSD?) during the siege, he single-handedly took out two Japanese machine gun posts, the first on 7/8 April and a second on 8/9 April.{{sfn|Keane|2010|pp=265–269}} He was killed withdrawing from the second attack and was later awarded a posthumous Victoria Cross for these actions.{{sfn|Keane|2010|p=359}}
* [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|Captain]] [[John Niel Randle]],<ref name=LG>{{London Gazette|issue=36833|supp=y|page=5673|date=8 December 1944}}</ref> 2nd Battalion, [[Royal Norfolk Regiment]], [[4th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)|4th Infantry Brigade]], [[2nd Infantry Division (United Kingdom)|2nd British Infantry Division]].{{sfn|Ashcroft|2007|pp=319–320}}
* [[Jemadar]] [[Abdul Hafiz (VC)|Abdul Hafiz]], [[9th Jat Regiment]]. At 18 years old Abdul Hafiz became the youngest VC recipient from the British Indian Army. He is buried in Imphal Indian War Cemetery.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Association |first=Victoria Cross and George Cross |title=Hafiz ABDUL VC |url=https://vcgca.org/our-people/profile/62/Hafiz-ABDUL |access-date=2023-11-10 |website=vcgca.org |language=en}}</ref>

== Legacy ==

=== War Cemetery ===
{{Main|Kohima War Cemetery}}
The War Cemetery in Kohima of 1,420 Allied war dead is maintained by the [[Commonwealth War Graves Commission]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cwgc.org/find-a-cemetery/cemetery/2058100|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100305025859/https://www.cwgc.org/search/cemetery_details.aspx?cemetery=2058100&mode=1|archive-date=5 March 2010|title=Kohima War Cemetery|publisher=Commonwealth War Graves Commission|access-date=17 December 2017}}</ref> The cemetery lies on the slopes of Garrison Hill, in what was once the Deputy Commissioner's tennis court.{{sfn|Ministry of Defence|2004|p=17}} The [[epitaph]] carved on the memorial of the 2nd British Division in the cemetery has become world-famous as the Kohima Epitaph. It reads:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worcestershireregiment.com/wr.php?main=inc/burma_Worc_Regt|title=Burma 1944 – 1945|publisher=Worcestershire Regiment|access-date=1 February 2012}} (Includes a photograph).</ref><ref name="Burma-Star-epitaph">{{cite web|url=http://www.burmastar.org.uk/epitaph.htm|title=The Kohima 2nd Division Memorial|publisher=burmastar.org.uk|access-date=1 August 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510152752/http://www.burmastar.org.uk/epitaph.htm|archive-date=10 May 2015}}</ref>
[[File:Kohima War Cemetery, Kohima, Nagaland (89).jpeg|thumb|The memorial in Kohima]]
{{cquote|When you go home, tell them of us and say, For your tomorrow, we gave our today}}

The verse is attributed to [[John Maxwell Edmonds]] (1875–1958), and is thought to have been inspired by [[Battle of Thermopylae#Epitaph of Simonides|the epitaph]] written by [[Simonides of Ceos|Simonides]] to honour the Spartans who fell at the [[Battle of Thermopylae]] in 480 BC.<ref name=Burma-Star-epitaph/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.iwm.org.uk/server/show/ConWebDoc.1261|title=What is the Kohima Epitaph?|website=Imperial War Museum|access-date=4 April 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141230155628/http://archive.iwm.org.uk/server/show/ConWebDoc.1261|archive-date=30 December 2014}}</ref>

=== Peace Memorial ===
In 2024 the [[Government of Nagaland|Nagaland Government]] unveiled the Kohima Peace Memorial along with [[Hiroshi Suzuki (diplomat)|Hiroshi Suzuki]], the Japanese Ambassador to India. The memorial along with the adjoining Eco-Park was funded by the [[Japan International Cooperation Agency|Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)]] through its 'Official Development Assistance' programme.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Karmakar |first=Sumir |date=8 May 2024 |title=Eighty years after Battle of Kohima, peace memorial opened in Nagaland with Japanese aid |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/nagaland/eighty-years-afterbattle-of-kohima-peace-memorial-opened-in-nagaland-with-japanese-aid-3014347 |access-date=18 December 2025 |work=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref> The project was implemented by Nagaland Forest Management Project.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tsanglao |first=Loreni |date=8 May 2024 |title=Nagaland: Kohima Peace Memorial and Eco-Park inaugurated |url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/nagaland/story/nagaland-kohima-peace-memorial-and-eco-park-inaugurated-1001949-2024-05-08 |access-date=18 December 2025 |work=India Today NE}}</ref> The complex also has a museum, stalls, restaurants, and a Japanese kitchen. The museum exhibits contain personal diary excerpts of Japanese and British soldiers documenting their wartime experiences in the area.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Khrozhoh |first=Livine |date=29 November 2025 |title=Kohima Peace Memorial & Eco-Park dedicated to Nagas–Japan friendship |url=https://www.easternmirrornagaland.com/kohima-peace-memorial-eco-park-dedicated-to-nagasjapan-friendship |access-date=18 December 2025 |work=Eastern Mirror |pages=1}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[India in World War II]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=Note}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

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* {{cite book|last=Luto |first=James |title=Fighting with the Fourteenth Army in Burma |publisher=Pen and Sword Military |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-78303-031-6}}
* {{cite book |last=Ministry of Defence |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/30002/ww2_kohima.pdf |title=60th Second World War Anniversary—The Battle of Kohima, North East India, 4 April – 22 June 1944 |year=2004 |publisher=Ministry of Defence |access-date=16 February 2021}}
* {{cite book |first=Frank |last=McLynn |year=2011 |title=The Burma Campaign: Disaster Into Triumph, 1942–45 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven |isbn=978-0-30017-162-4}}
* {{cite book |last1=Murray |first1=Williamson |last2=Millet |first2=Alan |year=2000 |title=A War To Be Won |url=https://archive.org/details/wartobewonfighti00murr_1 |url-access=registration |publisher=Harvard |location=Cambridge, Mass. |isbn=978-0-67400-163-3}}
* {{cite book |last=Ritter |first=Jonathan Templin |title=Stillwell and Mountbatten in Burma: Allies at War, 1943–1944 |year=2017 |publisher=University of North Texas Press|isbn=978-1-57441-674-9}}
* {{cite book |last=Rooney |first=David |title=Burma Victory: Imphal and Kohima, March 1944 to May 1945 |year=1992 |publisher=Cassell |location=London |isbn=978-0-30435-457-3}}
* {{cite book |last=Slim |first=William |author-link=William Slim |year=1956 |title=[[Defeat into Victory]] |publisher=Cassell |location=London |oclc=891162827 |isbn=978-0-33050-997-8}}
* {{cite book |last=Swinson |first=Arthur |title=Kohima |orig-year=1966 |year=2015 |publisher=Head of Zeus |isbn=978-1-78408-177-5}}
* {{cite book |last=Thompson |first=Julian |year=2010 |title=Forgotten Voices of Burma: The Second World War's Forgotten Conflict |edition=illustrated, reprint |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-09193-237-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7zSHCkljO7wC&pg=PA208}}
* {{cite book |last=Wilson |first=David |title=The Sum of Things |year=2001 |publisher=Spellmount |location=Staplehurst |isbn=978-1-86227-134-0}}

==Further reading==
* Callahan, Raymond. ''Triumph at Imphal-Kohima: How the Indian Army Finally Stopped the Japanese Juggernaut'' (University Press of Kansas, 2017) [http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=57857 online review]

* {{cite book |last=Colvin|first=John | author-link = John Colvin (diplomat) |title=Not Ordinary Men: The Story of the Battle of Kohima |publisher=Leo Cooper |year=2012 |oclc=793214121 |isbn=978-1-84884-871-9}}
* {{cite book |last=Edwards |first=Leslie |year=2009 |title=Kohima: The Furthest Battle |publisher=[[The History Press]] |isbn=978-1-86227-488-4}}
* {{cite book |last=Graham |first=Gordon |year=2005 |title=The Trees Are All Young on Garrison Hill |publisher=The Kohima Educational Trust |location=Marlow, Buckinghamshire |isbn=978-0-95526-870-0}}
* {{cite book |last=Karnad |first=Raghu |year=2015 |title=Farthest Field: An Indian Story of the Second World War |publisher=W.W. Norton & Company Ltd. |location=New York, N.Y. |isbn=978-0-393-24809-8}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Battle of Kohima}}
* [http://www.kohimamuseum.com The Kohima Museum]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200129121643/http://ourstory.info/library/4-ww2/Ball/fireTC.html Ball of Fire: 5th Indian Division in World War II, by Anthony Brett-James]
* [https://www.freewebs.com/masonictalks/myfathertomhope.htm Tom Hope (a Wearside man) recalls horrors of the brutal Battle of Kohima]
* [https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/wwii-kohima-imphal-india-battle-intl-hnk/index.html Revisiting India's forgotten battle of WWII: Kohima-Imphal, the Stalingrad of the East]. Ranjan Pal, CNN. Published 3 October 2020.
* [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-55625447 Kohima: Britain's 'forgotten' battle that changed the course of WWII]

{{World War II}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kohima, Battle Of}}
[[Category:Conflicts in 1944]]
[[Category: 1944 in Nagaland]]
[[Category:1944 in British India]]
[[Category:Burma campaign (1943–1944)]]
[[Category:Battles and operations of World War II involving India]]
[[Category:Indian National Army]]
[[Category:Kohima]]
[[Category:History of Nagaland]]
[[Category:Land battles and operations of World War II involving the United Kingdom|Kohima]]
[[Category:Battles of World War II involving Japan]]
[[Category:India–Japan military relations]]
[[Category:April 1944 in Asia]]
[[Category:May 1944 in Asia]]
[[Category:June 1944 in Asia]]
[[Category:1944 in Nepal]]

Iti Mrinalini

2026-03-04T00:24:20Z

SilasCorrie: adding bio

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2014}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2014}}

{{Infobox film
| name = Iti Mrinalini
| image = Iti Mrinalini Film Poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Aparna Sen]]
| writer = [[Aparna Sen]] [[Ranjan Ghosh]]
| producer = [[Shrikant Mohta]] [[Mahendra Soni]]
| starring = [[Konkona Sen Sharma]] [[Aparna Sen]] [[Rajat Kapoor]] [[Priyanshu Chatterjee]] [[Kaushik Sen]]
| music = [[Debojyoti Mishra]]
| cinematography = [[Somak Mukherjee]]
| editing = [[Rabiranjan Moitra]]
| distributor = [[Shree Venkatesh Films]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2010|10|27|MAMI International Film Festival|2011|7|29|India}}
| runtime = 128 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| budget =
}}
'''''Iti Mrinalini''''' ({{langx|bn|ইতি মৃণালিনী}} {{langx|en|Yours, Mrinalini}}; {{langx|en|An Unfinished Letter}}) is a 2011 Indian drama film directed by [[Bengali people|Bengali]] filmmaker [[Aparna Sen]]. Sen collaborated with [[Ranjan Ghosh]] to write both the story and the screenplay.<ref name="Konkona plays young mom Aparna">{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/178239/konkona-plays-young-mom-aparna.html|title=Konkona plays young mom Aparna|work=Deccan Herald|access-date=2011-07-24}}</ref> The film was produced by [[Shrikant Mohta]] and Mahendra Soni of [[Shree Venkatesh Films|Shree Venkatesh Films Pvt Ltd]].<ref name="Aparna Sen announces Iti Mrinalini" /> Some critics consider it to be among her best works, ranking with ''[[Mr. and Mrs. Iyer]]'' and ''[[36 Chowringhee Lane]]''.<ref name="Aparna Sen's best since Mr and Mrs Iyer">{{cite web |url=http://www.indiaabroad-digital.com/indiaabroad/20110506/?pg=33#pg33.html|title=Aparna Sen's best since Mr and Mrs Iyer|access-date=2011-05-30|work=India Abroad-Digital}}</ref>

This was the first Bengali film Sen directed after a gap of more than a decade. Her previous film was ''[[Paromitar Ek Din]]'', in 2000. ''Iti Mrinalini'' is viewed as the director's first mainstream venture. It focuses on the life of an aging Bengali star actress of yesteryear (Mrinalini), who looks back at her life. Aparna Sen plays the current-day Mrinalini while her daughter [[Konkona Sen Sharma]] portrays Mrinalini's younger self.<ref name="Aparna Sen announces Iti Mrinalini">{{cite web|url=http://www.screenindia.com/news/aparna-sen-announces-iti-mrinalini/503496/|title=Aparna and Konkona in Iti Mrinalini|access-date=2009-08-21|work=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925161819/http://www.screenindia.com/news/aparna-sen-announces-iti-mrinalini/503496|archive-date=25 September 2009|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The film also stars [[Rajat Kapoor]], [[Priyanshu Chatterjee]], [[Kaushik Sen]], [[Locket Chatterjee]] and German actor [[Suzanne Bernert]] in supporting roles. The entire cast, except for Konkona, is new to Aparna Sen films.<ref name="Mrinalini’s men">{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090923/jsp/entertainment/story_11529226.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604144613/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090923/jsp/entertainment/story_11529226.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 June 2011|title=Other casts of Iti Mrinalini|access-date=2009-09-23|work=The Telegraph|location=Calcutta, India|first=Kushali|last=Nag|date=2009-09-23}}</ref>

This was the first time Sen had collaborated with a scriptwriter,<ref name="Konkona plays young mom Aparna" /> and the first film by Sen to be nationally released in [[Hindi]] simultaneously with the Bengali version. It is also the first time Sen and her daughter have played the same character.<ref name="Konkona plays young mom Aparna" />

==Plot==
Mrinalini, an ageing actress, writes a suicide note. As a performer, the first lesson she learned was timing – the perfect moment for making an entrance or an exit on stage. On the stage of life, her entrance was outside her control, but she plans to choose her exit.

Before taking the sleeping pills she has ready, she decides to destroy her memorabilia – letters, photographs, newspaper cuttings, knick-knacks – in case they fall into the hands of the press. She was a focus of media attention all her life and wishes to be spared this, as much as possible, at her death.

As she looks through the relics from her past, she remembers incidents that she had forgotten or had suppressed. Through these memories, she relives her love life, friendships and betrayals, successes and failures, accidents and awards.

As Mrinalini relives her past, night gradually turns to dawn. An ''azaan'' (Islamic call to prayer) starts up in the distance. Slowly, early morning light fills the room. The moment has passed and the death she had wished for so intensely no longer seems a priority. Her German Shepherd comes and rubs its head on its mistress's feet and asks to be let out. Mrinalini tears up the suicide note and takes her dog out for a walk. On the street, she meets morning walkers, joggers, and a group of school children.

A young man runs past her. He seems to be escaping from something. Mrinalini thinks that she recognizes him; he resembles her first boyfriend, from her college days. Maybe he's a thief, or a gangster. Then a gunshot is heard. Everyone on the street is startled. Mrinalini stands still, shocked. The young man who resembled her first love checks himself. He is safe, but Mrinalini has been hit in the back. He runs off as she collapses on the ground.

==Cast==
* [[Aparna Sen]] as the Mrinalini Mitra
** [[Konkona Sen Sharma]] as the younger Mrinalini Mitra
* [[Priyanshu Chatterjee]] as Imtiaz Chowdhury
* [[Rajat Kapoor]] as Siddhartha Sarkar
* [[Kaushik Sen]] as Chintan Nair
* [[Saheb Bhattacharya|Saheb Bhattacharjee]] as Abhijeet Mukherjee
* [[Locket Chatterjee]] as Maithili Sarkar
* [[Srijit Mukherji]] as Ranajoy Mitra
* [[Suzanne Bernert]] as Julia Campbell
* [[Gargi Roychowdhury]] as Sumitra Debi
* [[Ananya Chatterjee]] as Hiya Majumdar
* [[Dulal Lahiri]] as Prasad Sen
* [[Rita Koiral]] as Moti
* Tritee Basu as Toddler Shona
*Poonam Basak as Mrinalini's Roommate
*Avrajit Chakraborty as Mrinalini's friend

==Production==

===Pre-production===
This is Sen's first collaboration with [[Shree Venkatesh Films|Shree Venkatesh Films Pvt Ltd]], the makers of ''[[Chokher Bali (2003 film)|Chokher Bali]]'' and ''[[Raincoat (film)|Raincoat]]''. Pre-production started in the second week of April 2009 with ideation. Scripting started by the end of April.

The screenplay of ''Iti Mrinalini'' was an assignment in the screenwriting syllabus at the Mumbai-based film school [[Whistling Woods International]]. This marked the first time that a screenplay emerging from an Indian film institute had actually been filmed.<ref>{{cite news| title=Script is King in any film| newspaper=The Asian Age| url=http://www.asianage.com/ideas/%E2%80%98script-king-any-film%E2%80%99-281/| access-date=2010-11-12| archive-date=3 December 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203050627/http://www.asianage.com/ideas/%E2%80%98script-king-any-film%E2%80%99-281/| url-status=dead}}</ref> In a Master Class on Cinema held on [[Fox History & Entertainment|Fox History and Entertainment Channel]], Sen commented that she had never collaborated with any film writer before the screenplay for ''Iti Mrinalini''. First-time screenwriter [[Ranjan Ghosh]], an alumnus of Whistling Woods International, wrote the story and the screenplay along with Sen, based on an original story idea Sen gave him.<ref>{{cite web | title=There's no luck without hard work|publisher=dnaindia|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/interview_there-s-no-luck-without-hard-work_1389978/| access-date=2010-05-31}}</ref> Ghosh was Sen's first co-author since she began her prolific directing career with [[36 Chowringhee Lane]] in 1981.<ref name="Konkona plays young mom Aparna" /><ref>{{cite web | title=Iti Mrinalini| publisher=Facebook|url=https://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=123737177108| access-date=2009-12-11}}</ref> The first draft of the screenplay of ''Iti Mrinalini'' was ready by the end of July 2009. The second and third drafts were completed by August and September, respectively

Somak Mukherjee acted as cinematographer, in place of Shirsha Roy who was unable to participate due to scheduling problems.{{Citation needed|date=September 2019}} Location scouting was carried out in [[Calcutta]] and [[Konark]] in the month of August.

As she did for her earlier films, Sen arranged a grueling acting workshop for the cast, conducted by [[Sohag Sen]]. The Calcutta chapter of the workshop lasted for three weeks, with [[Konkona Sen Sharma]]. The Mumbai chapter ran for another ten days, with [[Rajat Kapoor]] and [[Priyanshu Chatterjee]].

Extensive pre-production meets were held regularly at Sen's home throughout the months of August and September. Production design of this film was by Sen and her directorial assistants. Scriptwriter Ranjan Ghosh acted as Assistant Director and took on the task of creating Mrinalini's memorabilia with help from the art department. Sabarni Das, Sen's longtime junior colleague at the Bengali-language women's magazine ''[[Sananda (magazine)|Sananda]]'', designed the costumes. Das also helped in the art direction.

===Production/Principal photography===
The production of the film started on 6 October 2009.<ref>{{cite news | title=Kolkata calling for Konkona|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Kolkata-calling-for-Konkona/articleshow/5031099.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811033317/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-09-20/news-interviews/28088106_1_konkona-sen-sharma-70s-80s-kolkata-iti-mrinalini|url-status=live|archive-date=2011-08-11| access-date=2009-09-20| newspaper=[[The Times of India]]| date=2009-09-20}}</ref>

One of the cult poems by Bengali writer [[Sunil Gangopadhyay]], ''Smritir Shohor'', was turned into a song for the film. This is the first time a poem by Gangopadhyay's poems has been in a film. Music director Debojyoti Mishra wrote the score.

''Iti Mrinalini'' was shot in 38 locations in just 33 days. The shoot covered areas around Calcutta including the [[Vidyasagar Setu]], the [[Howrah Bridge]], [[Bagbazar|Baghbazar]] Ghat, [[College Street (Kolkata)|College Street]], Favourite Cabin, Calcutta Greens, [[Science City, Kolkata|Science City]], [[Alipore Zoological Gardens|Alipore Zoo]], [[New Market, Calcutta|New Market]], Priya Cinema, Ganga Kutir, and a Silver Spring apartment. The outdoor scenes were shot in Konark in a week, in the latter half of October.

The Calcutta Movieton studio at [[Tollygunge]]’s 28A Chandi Ghosh Road reopened after 25 years for ''Iti Mrinalini''. The studio was once owned by ex-star [[Kanan Devi]], who sold it to businessman Jagdish Bagri in 1985. Bagri commented "I had no intention to run a studio back then but now Tollywood is big". Producer Shree Venkatesh Films hired two floors for the shoot.<ref>{{cite news | title=Aparna stars in Aparna film| newspaper=The Telegraph|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1091112/jsp/entertainment/story_11728536.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091115170737/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1091112/jsp/entertainment/story_11728536.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 November 2009| access-date=2009-12-11| location=Calcutta, India| date=2009-11-12}}</ref>

===Post-production===
The first two cuts of the film were completed by the end of November 2009 and by mid-December 2009 respectively. The final cut, with a duration of 128 minutes, was completed in January 2010.

Dubbing was held in Calcutta in December and in Mumbai from January to March 2010. Sound design and the final mix-down was completed in 'Maximum City' in September.

== Release ==
''Iti Mrinalini''<nowiki/>'s domestic premiere was in the 'Indian Frame' section at the 12th [[Mumbai Academy of the Moving Image|MAMI International Film Festival]] 2010, held in Mumbai on 27 October 2010.<ref>{{cite news| title=Iti Mrinalini movie review Aparna Sen's whirlwind memory trip| publisher=Passion For Cinema| url=http://passionforcinema.com/iti-mrinalini-movie-review-aparna-sens-whirlwind-memory-trip//articleshow/6658998.cms| access-date=2010-12-01}}{{Dead link|date=January 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news| title=Iti Mrinalini movie review Aparna Sen's mainstream outing| publisher=Wordpress| url=http://lataravindran.wordpress.com/2010/11/03/iti-mrinalini-movie-review-aparna-sens-mainstream-outing//articleshow/6658998.cms| access-date=2010-12-12}}{{Dead link|date=January 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Its world premiere was at the [[Cairo International Film Festival]] on 30 November 2010.<ref>{{cite news | title=Srijit Mukherji's new heights|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Srijit-Mukherjis-new-heights/articleshow/6658998.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103144514/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-10-01/news-interviews/28259416_1_bengali-cinema-premiere-srijit-mukherji|url-status=live|archive-date=2012-11-03| access-date=2010-10-01| newspaper=[[The Times of India]]| date=2010-10-01}}</ref> The film opened the River to River. Florence Indian Film Festival on 3 December 2010, which was also its European premiere.<ref>{{cite news| title=Aparna Sen's film Iti Mrinalini to flag off Florence Festival| publisher=Calcutta Tube| url=http://calcuttatube.com/aparna-sens-film-iti-mrinalini-to-flag-off-florence-festival/articleshow/6658998.cms| access-date=2010-12-08| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129090150/http://calcuttatube.com/aparna-sens-film-iti-mrinalini-to-flag-off-florence-festival/articleshow/6658998.cms| archive-date=29 January 2016| url-status=dead}}</ref> It played to sold-out audiences at the [[Dubai International Film Festival]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Iti Mrinalini housefull at Dubai film fest |newspaper=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Iti-Mrinalini-housefull-at-Dubai-film-fest/articleshow/7104659.cms |access-date=2010-12-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101218222905/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Iti-Mrinalini-housefull-at-Dubai-film-fest/articleshow/7104659.cms |archive-date=18 December 2010 }}</ref> and was given a standing ovation at the 8th Edition of the [[Chennai International Film Festival]] on 23 December 2010.<ref>{{cite news| title=iti… a cinematic experience| publisher=Wordpress.com| url=http://rudhran.wordpress.com/2010/12/26/iti…-a-cinematic-experience/article950182.cms| access-date=2010-12-27}}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/The-world-comes-to-Chennai/article15591852.ece#!|title=The World comes to Chennai|last=Ramnarayan|first=Gowri|date=2010-12-13|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2010-12-22|location=Chennai, India}}</ref>

The prestigious [[Slamdance Film Festival]] presented ''Iti Mrinalini'' at the 9th Annual Indian Film Festival of Los Angeles, on 14 April 2011, the film's USA premiere.<ref>{{cite news| title=What to Watch #8: An Unfinished Letter (ITI MRINALINI) presented by Slamdance| publisher=indianfilmfestival.org| url=http://indianfilmfestival.org/blog/?page_id=28.cms| access-date=2011-03-31| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721060444/http://indianfilmfestival.org/blog/?page_id=28.cms| archive-date=21 July 2011| url-status=dead}}</ref> It was selected as the Centerpiece Film at the 11th Annual edition of the [[Indo-American Arts Council|IAAC]]'s [[New York Indian Film Festival|New York Indian Film Festiva'''l''']] in May 2011 in [[Manhattan]],<ref>{{cite news | title=NYIFF announces Opening, Closing, and Centerpiece films| publisher=businessofcinema.com|url=http://www.businessofcinema.com/news.php?newsid=17878rticle950182.cms| access-date=2011-03-20}}</ref> and was shown at the Silk Screen Asian American Film Festival in May 2011 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania<ref>{{cite news| title=Festival Guide 2011| publisher=silkscreenfestival.org| url=http://www.silkscreenfestival.org/131/festival-guide-2011.cms| access-date=2011-05-20| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004014716/http://www.silkscreenfestival.org/131/festival-guide-2011.cms| archive-date=4 October 2011| url-status=dead}}</ref> and the 14th Shanghai International Film Festival in June 2011.<ref>{{cite news| title=An Unfinished Letter| publisher=siff.com| url=http://www.siff.com/MovieEnLists/2011/ShowDetail.aspx?dicID=766B2336-FF37-4A1A-B2DD-06081718313D&ID=ea4fc348-521e-4556-bef5-77857a02f83a.cms| access-date=2011-06-26| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001061801/http://www.siff.com/MovieEnLists/2011/ShowDetail.aspx?dicID=766B2336-FF37-4A1A-B2DD-06081718313D&ID=ea4fc348-521e-4556-bef5-77857a02f83a.cms| archive-date=1 October 2011| url-status=dead}}</ref>

The film's commercial release in India was on 29 July 2011, followed by a worldwide release on 31 July 2011.

== Reception ==
[[The Hollywood Reporter]] called ''Iti Mrinalini'' "[a]n addicting shot of melodrama" with "anxious beautiful women" and "a sense that society, an entirely alien force outside those nighttime windows, is conspiring to ruin lives and despoil love".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/an-unfinished-letter-iti-mrinalini-179447|title=An Unfinished Letter (Iti Mrinalini): Movie Review|last=Honeycutt|first=Kirk|date=2011-04-18|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502131603/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/an-unfinished-letter-iti-mrinalini-179447|archive-date=2017-05-02|access-date=2011-06-10}}</ref>

[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)]] commented that "[t]he film transcends its regional mould and presents Bengalis as part of a bigger global existence... This is a new-generation film which doesn’t need a hip youngster to make it contemporary".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/of-memories-men/cid/356743|title=Of memories & men|last=Bhaumik|first=Mainak|date=January 8, 2011|website=Telegraph India|language=en|access-date=2019-09-26}}</ref>

[[The Indian Express]] wrote that "The film ends abruptly on a tragic, pessimistic, almost melodramatic note that is unlike Aparna Sen. Sen's minute eye for detail is scattered through the film, as are myriad characters of different colours who dot her life from her youth in the 1970s to the present time".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/iti-mrinalini/831131/|title=Iti Mrinalini - Indian Express|last=Chatterji|first=Shoma A.|date=August 12, 2011|website=Indian Express|access-date=2019-09-26}}</ref>

[[Anandabazar Patrika]] rated the film 8.5/10, calling it "Aparna's most mature outing till date, and a marked departure from her usual style of film-making".{{Citation needed|date=September 2019}}

==Themes==
The film examines the uncertainty of life, suggesting that nothing is under our control no matter how hard we try. The film also explores different forms of love: romantic love, domestic happiness, platonic love, and love that results from loneliness and seclusion.

==Soundtrack==
The soundtrack has music composed by [[Debojyoti Mishra]], with lyrics by [[Sunil Gangopadhyay]], [[Srijit Mukherjee]] and [[Rabindranath Tagore]]. The music was released on 28 March 2011.
{{Infobox album
| name = Iti Mrinalini
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Debojyoti Mishra]]
| cover = Iti MrinaliniAlbum.jpg
| caption = Soundtrack album cover
| border = yes
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|2011|3|28|df=yes}}
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| label = [[Shree Venkatesh Films|SVF]]
| producer = [[Shrikant Mohta]] [[Mahendra Soni]]
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Performer(s)
| title1 = Smritir Sahor | note1 = Part 1 | extra1 = [[Srikanto Acharya]], [[Priyam Mukherjee]] & [[Sourish Bhattacharya]] | lyrics1 = [[Sunil Gangopadhyay]]
| title2 = Ajana Kono Galpo Bole | extra2 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]] | lyrics2 = [[Srijit Mukherjee]]
| title3 = Mone Holo Jeno Antabihin | extra3 = [[Sudeshna Chatterjee]] | lyrics3 = [[Rabindranath Tagore]]
| title4 = Bishe Bishe Nil | note4 = Female | extra4 = Shreya Ghoshal | lyrics4 = Srijit Mukherjee
| title5 = Smritir Sahor | note5 = Part 2 | extra5 = [[Aparna Sen]], Srikanto Acharya, Priyam Mukherjee & Sourish Bhattacharya | lyrics5 = Sunil Gangopadhyay
| title6 = Amar Mukti Aloye Aloye | extra6 = Sudeshna Chatterjee | lyrics6 = Rabindranath Tagore
| title7 = Bishe Bishe Nil | note7 = (Male) | extra7 = [[Bonnie Chakraborty]] | lyrics7 = Srijit Mukherjee
| title8 = Amake Tan Mare | note8 = | extra8 = | lyrics8 =
}}

==Awards==
* New York Indian Film Festival (Best Director) - [[Aparna Sen]]
* New York Indian Film Festival (Best Actress) - [[Konkona Sen Sharma]]<ref>{{cite web|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|title='Spring in the Colony' Wins Best Feature as New York Indian Film Festival Closes|date=9 May 2011|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/spring-colony-wins-best-feature-186470|access-date=9 May 2011|first=Nyay|last=Bhushan}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|1521223|Iti Mrinalini}}

{{Aparna Sen}}
{{Srikanto Acharya}}
{{Shree Venkatesh Films}}

[[Category:2010 films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:2010 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Aparna Sen]]
[[Category:Films scored by Debojyoti Mishra]]
[[Category:Films set in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:2010 drama films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language drama films]]

Karataka Damanaka

2026-03-03T12:12:06Z

SilasCorrie: adding entry - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Karataka Damanaka
| image = Karataka Damanaka.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Yogaraj Bhat]]
| writer = Vikas [[Yogaraj Bhat]] Subramanya M K
| producer = [[Rockline Venkatesh]]
| starring = [[Shiva Rajkumar]] [[Prabhu Deva]] [[Priya Anand]] [[Nishvika Naidu]]
| cinematography = Santosh Rai Pathaje
| editing = K. M. Prakash
| music = [[V. Harikrishna]]
| studio = [[Rockline Entertainments]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2024|03|08|}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| gross = {{INR}}2.86 crores <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-13 |title=Yuva Box Office Collection: Yuva Rajkumar's Debut Venture Yuva Crosses The 10 Crore Mark at the BoxOffice |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/box-office/kannada/yuva-box-office-collection-yuva-rajkumars-debut-venture-yuva-crosses-the-10-crore-mark-at-the-boxoffice-article-109265540 |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=Times Now |language=en |archive-date=11 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511063333/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/box-office/kannada/yuva-box-office-collection-yuva-rajkumars-debut-venture-yuva-crosses-the-10-crore-mark-at-the-boxoffice-article-109265540 |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}

'''''Karataka Damanaka''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[Action drama film|action drama]] film directed by [[Yogaraj Bhat]], and produced by [[Rockline Venkatesh]]. The film stars [[Shiva Rajkumar]], [[Prabhu Deva]], [[Priya Anand]] and [[Nishvika Naidu]] in the lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rockline Venkatesh to produce Yogaraj Bhat's next starring Shivarajkumar and Prabhudheva |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2022/apr/19/rockline-venkatesh-to-produce-yogaraj-bhats-next-starring-shivarajkumar-and-prabhudheva-30975.html |access-date=2024-02-28 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=19 April 2022 |language=en |archive-date=28 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240828103500/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2022/apr/19/rockline-venkatesh-to-produce-yogaraj-bhats-next-starring-shivarajkumar-and-prabhudheva-30975.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The title of the film is derived from the characters found in the "Mitra Bedha" book of [[Panchatantra]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Exclusive: The title of Shivarajkumar and Prabhudeva's next digs into the Panchatantra |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/exclusive-the-title-of-shivarajkumar-and-prabhudevas-next-digs-into-the-panchatantra/articleshow/94028663.cms |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=The Times of India |date=7 September 2022 |language=en |archive-date=2 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302192850/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/exclusive-the-title-of-shivarajkumar-and-prabhudevas-next-digs-into-the-panchatantra/articleshow/94028663.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

Released on 8 March 2024,<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2024-02-05 |title='Karataka Damanaka' to take on 'Ranganayaka' at the box office on March 8 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/karataka-damanaka-to-take-on-ranganayaka-at-the-box-office-on-march-8/article67813392.ece |access-date=2024-02-28 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=20 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220110657/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/karataka-damanaka-to-take-on-ranganayaka-at-the-box-office-on-march-8/article67813392.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> the film marks the return of [[Prabhu Deva]] to [[Kannada cinema]] after 17 years.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-10-21 |title=Shivarajkumar and Prabhudeva to collaborate for a film? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/shivarajkumar-and-prabhudeva-to-collaborate-for-a-film/articleshow/78789893.cms |access-date=2024-02-20 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=28 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240828103500/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/shivarajkumar-and-prabhudeva-to-collaborate-for-a-film/articleshow/78789893.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=M.V |first=Vivek |date=2024-03-08 |title='Karataka Damanaka' review: Shivarajkumar, Prabhu Deva add fun to this social drama |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/karataka-damanaka-review-shivarajkumar-prabhu-deva-add-fun-to-this-social-drama/article67928364.ece |access-date=2024-08-11 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=12 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512183658/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/karataka-damanaka-review-shivarajkumar-prabhu-deva-add-fun-to-this-social-drama/article67928364.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=February 2025}}
Two fraudsters are on a mission to convince and bring a man back to the city, but they take a different route which complicates their lives in the village of Nandikolur.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Shiva Rajkumar]] as Virupaksha alias "Karataka"
* [[Prabhu Deva]] as Bala Raju alias "Damanaka"
* [[Priya Anand]] as Kusumi
* [[Nishvika Naidu]] as Kempi
* [[P. Ravi Shankar]] as Jagga
* [[Rangayana Raghu]] as [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] Mugellappa
* [[Rockline Venkatesh]] as Jailer
* [[Tanikella Bharani]] as Ramanna
* [[Doddanna]] as Villager
* [[Vaijanath Biradar]] as Villager
* Nayana
* Govinde Gowda
* Harshith Gowda
}}

== Production ==
In September 2018, it was being reported that [[Shiva Rajkumar]] was to collaborate with Director [[Yogaraj Bhat]] for an untitled film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Native |first=Digital |date=2018-09-28 |title=The title of actor Shivanna's next announced |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/title-actor-shivanna-s-next-announced-89113 |access-date=2024-02-20 |website=The News Minute |language=en |archive-date=20 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220110657/https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/title-actor-shivanna-s-next-announced-89113 |url-status=live }}</ref> It was reported that the film was later titled as ''Kuladalli Keelyavudo''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-24 |title=Shivarajkumar and Yogaraj Bhat's film titled Kuladalli Keelyavudo |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2018/Sep/24/shivarajkumar-and-yogaraj-bhats-film-titled-kuladalli-keelyavudo-1876201.html |access-date=2024-02-20 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=20 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220110724/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2018/Sep/24/shivarajkumar-and-yogaraj-bhats-film-titled-kuladalli-keelyavudo-1876201.html |url-status=live }}</ref> However, there was no official announcements about the same. In 2020, it was reported that [[Prabhu Deva]] is being part of the film, which was confirmed by the Bhat himself.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Native |first=Digital |date=2020-11-05 |title=Shiva Rajkumar-Prabhu Deva film is a period action drama |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/shiva-rajkumar-prabhu-deva-film-period-action-drama-136981 |access-date=2024-02-20 |website=The News Minute |language=en |archive-date=20 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220110659/https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/shiva-rajkumar-prabhu-deva-film-period-action-drama-136981 |url-status=live }}</ref> Later [[Priya Anand]] and [[Nishvika Naidu]] were roped into play the lead roles in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nishvika and Priya Anand to be Yogaraj Bhat's leading ladies in Kuladalli Keelyavudo? |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/nishvika-and-priya-anand-to-be-yogaraj-bhats-leading-ladies-in-kuladalli-keelyavudo/a12d694e2c490 |access-date=2024-02-20 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |archive-date=20 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220110741/https://www.ottplay.com/news/nishvika-and-priya-anand-to-be-yogaraj-bhats-leading-ladies-in-kuladalli-keelyavudo/a12d694e2c490 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was later titled as ''Karataka Damanaka''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-15 |title=Director Yogaraj Bhat Reveals The Meaning Of His Upcoming Film's Title Karataka Damanaka |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/director-yogaraj-bhat-reveals-the-meaning-of-his-upcoming-films-title-karataka-damanaka-8342551.html |access-date=2024-02-20 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=6 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906130145/https://www.news18.com/movies/director-yogaraj-bhat-reveals-the-meaning-of-his-upcoming-films-title-karataka-damanaka-8342551.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0" />

===Filming===
The film was majorly shot on outskirts of [[Bangalore]], [[Kolar, Karnataka|Kolar]], [[Gauribidanur]], and [[North Karnataka]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Cunning foxes take human form in the first look of Karataka Damanaka |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2023/jul/15/cunning-foxes-take-human-form-inthe-first-look-of-karataka-damanaka-45656.html |access-date=2024-02-20 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=15 July 2023 |language=en |archive-date=2 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202084357/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2023/jul/15/cunning-foxes-take-human-form-inthe-first-look-of-karataka-damanaka-45656.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Themes and influences===
The title of the film was inspired from characters of [[Panchatantra]].<ref name=":0" />

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Karataka Damanaka
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[V. Harikrishna]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 29 January 2024
| recorded = 2023
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 7:21
| label = Anand Audio
| producer = [[V. Harikrishna]]
| prev_title = [[Kaatera]]
| prev_year = 2023
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{external music video| header = Official audio
|{{YouTube| YnROZzhYbKk| Karataka Damanaka Audio Jukebox}}}}
}}

[[V. Harikrishna]] composed music and background score for the film. The first single "Karataka Damanaka Title track" was released on 29 January 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=B |first=Praveen Chandra |title=ಭೂಮಿಯೊಂದು ಬೋಳು ತಲೆಯು ಟೊಪ್ಪಿ ಇಟ್ರೆ ತಪ್ಪು ಏನು? ಕರಟಕ ದಮನಕ ಸಿನಿಮಾದ ಟೈಟಲ್‌ ಸಾಂಗ್‌ ಲಿರಿಕ್ಸ್‌ |url=https://kannada.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/sandalwood-news-karataka-damanaka-title-song-kannada-lyrics-shivarajkumar-prabhudeva-movie-yogaraj-bhat-direction-pcp-181706586892684.html |access-date=2024-02-20 |website=Kannada Hindustan Times |language=kn |archive-date=28 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240828103501/https://kannada.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/sandalwood-news-karataka-damanaka-title-song-kannada-lyrics-shivarajkumar-prabhudeva-movie-yogaraj-bhat-direction-pcp-181706586892684.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The second single "Deega Digari" was released on 10 February.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shivarajkumar and Prabhudeva burn up the dance floor in Deega Digari from Karataka Damanaka |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/shivarajkumar-and-prabhudeva-burn-up-the-dance-floor-in-deega-digari-from-karataka-damanaka/99078fba91589 |access-date=2024-02-20 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |archive-date=28 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240828103501/https://www.ottplay.com/news/shivarajkumar-and-prabhudeva-burn-up-the-dance-floor-in-deega-digari-from-karataka-damanaka/99078fba91589 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Karataka Damanaka Title Track
| length1 = 4:22
| extra1 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
| lyrics1 = Ghouse Peer
| title2 = Deega Digiri
| length2 = 3:54
| extra2 = [[Upendra (actor)|Upendra]], [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
| lyrics2 = Yogaraj Bhat
| title3 = Meetadene Veene
| length3 = 3:13
| extra3 = [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
| lyrics3 = Yogaraj Bhat
| title4 = Hithalaka Karibyada Maava
| length4 = 3:26
| extra4 = Malu Nipanal, Shruthi Prahalad
| lyrics4 = Yogaraj Bhat
| title5 = Manuja Nindyava Ooru
| length5 = 2:54
| extra5 = [[Vijay Prakash]]
| lyrics5 = Yogaraj Bhat
| title6 = Baalu Badenekayi
| length6 = 3:42
| extra6 = [[V. Harikrishna]]
| lyrics6 = Yogaraj Bhat
| title7 = Karataka Damanaka Theme Music
| length7 = 0:46
| extra7 = [[V. Harikrishna]]
| lyrics7 =
| title8 = Karataka Damanaka Theme Music 2
| length8 = 1:49
| extra8 = [[V. Harikrishna]]
| total_length = 24:09

}}

== Release ==
The film was released on 8 March 2024.<ref name=":1" />
== Reception ==
Vinay Lokesh of ''[[The Times of India]] ''rated this film 3 stars out of 5 stars and noted "Overall, "Karataka Dhamanaka" offers an enjoyable cinematic experience, despite minor flaws, making it a worthwhile watch."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Karataka Damanaka Movie Review : Karataka Dhamanaka review: A commercial entertainer which takes one back to their roots |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/karataka-dhamanaka/movie-review/108325975.cms |access-date=2024-05-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=28 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240828103506/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/karataka-dhamanaka/movie-review/108325975.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Sujay B M of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' wrote "'Karataka Damanaka' is a mixed bag. It takes up a time-tested template and works with a blockbuster pair, but the plot slackens and goes out of focus."<ref>{{Cite web |last=M |first=Sujay B. |date=2024-03-09 |title='Karataka Dhamanaka' movie review: Shivarajkumar, Prabhudeva shine in Yogaraj Bhat caper |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/karataka-dhamanaka-movie-review-shivarajkumar-prabhudeva-shine-in-yogaraj-bhat-caper-2928756 |access-date=2024-05-12 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

Vivek M.V of ''[[The Hindu]]'' said "That said, it’s encouraging to see Bhat striving to be different, even after two decades in the industry, and ''Karataka Damanaka'' is a nice little comeback from the director after the forgettable ''Garadi'' in 2023."<ref>{{Cite news |last=M.V |first=Vivek |date=2024-03-08 |title='Karataka Damanaka' review: Shivarajkumar, Prabhu Deva add fun to this social drama |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/karataka-damanaka-review-shivarajkumar-prabhu-deva-add-fun-to-this-social-drama/article67928364.ece |access-date=2024-05-12 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=12 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512183658/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/karataka-damanaka-review-shivarajkumar-prabhu-deva-add-fun-to-this-social-drama/article67928364.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Anjali Belgaumkar of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' rated the film 1.5 stars out of 5 stars and noted "From start to the end, the unnatural and exaggerated performances in this film can overwhelm viewers, making it difficult to understand the actual storyline. Bhat's direction lacks cohesion, failing to simply blend past and present elements."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-08 |title=Karataka Damanaka movie review: Shiva Rajkumar-Prabhudheva film leaves much to be desired |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/karataka-damanaka-review-shiva-rajkumar-prabhudheva-film-leaves-much-to-be-desired-9202796/ |access-date=2024-05-12 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=28 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240828103502/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/karataka-damanaka-review-shiva-rajkumar-prabhudheva-film-leaves-much-to-be-desired-9202796/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|28564521}}
{{Yogaraj Bhat}}

[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:2024 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Yogaraj Bhat]]
[[Category:Films scored by V. Harikrishna]]
[[Category:Rockline Entertainments films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]

Nishiddho

2026-03-03T09:42:01Z

SilasCorrie: Made A Details W/ Infobox

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Nishiddho
| image = Nishiddho film poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Tara Ramanujan
| writer = Tara Ramanujan
| starring = {{Ubl
| [[Kani Kusruti]]
| Tanmay Dhanania
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = Manesh Madhavan
| editing = Anzar Chennatt
| music = [[Debojyoti Mishra]]
| studio = [[Kerala State Film Development Corporation]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2022|11|11}}
| runtime = 124 minutes
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross =
}}'''''Nishiddho''''' is a 2022 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language film directed by Tara Ramanujan, featuring [[Kani Kusruti]] and Tanmay Dhanania in lead roles. It is produced by [[Kerala State Film Development Corporation]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Award-winning Malayalam film Nishiddho explores the experience of migrants |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/award-winning-malayalam-film-nishiddho-explores-the-experience-of-migrants/article65584555.ece |website=The Hindu |access-date=26 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416115259/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/award-winning-malayalam-film-nishiddho-explores-the-experience-of-migrants/article65584555.ece |archive-date=16 April 2023 |language=en-IN |date=1 July 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> You can watch Nishiddho (Forbidden) [http://www.cspace.tv/details/nishiddho/kx3jczQbHcqr CSPACE] OTT platform.

== Cast ==

* [[Kani Kusruti]] as Chaavi
* Tanmay Dhanania as Rudra
* Santha Jagannathan as Kathamma / Paatti

== Production ==
The film is the debut of director Tara Ramanujan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nishiddho':The tale of forbidden desires and Unrequited dreams to enrich IFFK |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/nishiddho-the-tale-of-forbidden-desires-and-unrequited-dreams-to-enrich-iffk-1.7357382 |access-date=2023-04-16 |website=English.Mathrubhumi |date=19 March 2022 |language=en |archive-date=2023-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416115241/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/nishiddho-the-tale-of-forbidden-desires-and-unrequited-dreams-to-enrich-iffk-1.7357382 |url-status=live }}</ref> It is produced by the [[Kerala State Film Development Corporation]] to support aspiring women filmmakers.<ref name=":0" />

== Reception ==

=== Critical reception ===
Prathibha Joy of ''[[OTTplay]]'' gave 3 stars out of 5 and stated "As a debutant filmmaker, Tara's valiant attempt to tell a hard-hitting story deserves applause."<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=OTTplay at BIFFes: Nishiddho movie review - A tale of two migrants and a little girl |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/ottplay-at-biffes-nishiddho-movie-review-a-tale-of-two-migrants-and-a-little-girl/915c79abee50 |access-date=2023-04-16 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |archive-date=2023-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416114313/https://www.ottplay.com/review/ottplay-at-biffes-nishiddho-movie-review-a-tale-of-two-migrants-and-a-little-girl/915c79abee50 |url-status=live }}</ref> Critics from ''[[India Today]]'' and ''[[Malayala Manorama|Manorama Online]]'' gave mixed reviews.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ആഗ്രഹങ്ങൾ നിഷേധിക്കപ്പെട്ട ചിലരുടെ കഥ; നിഷിദ്ധോ റിവ്യു |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-reviews/2022/11/16/nishiddho-movie-review-a-tale-of-two-migrants-and-a-little-girl.html |access-date=2023-04-16 |website=ManoramaOnline |language=ml |archive-date=2023-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416114635/https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-reviews/2022/11/16/nishiddho-movie-review-a-tale-of-two-migrants-and-a-little-girl.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nishidho Movie Review: 'നിഷിദ്ധോ' ആഗ്രഹങ്ങൾ നിഷേധിക്കപ്പെട്ടവരുടെ കഥ |url=https://malayalam.indiatoday.in/film-festival/photo/iffk-2022-latest-updates-nishidho-malayalam-movie-review-356709-2022-03-23 |access-date=2023-04-16 |website=India Today Malayalam |language=ml |archive-date=2023-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416114637/https://malayalam.indiatoday.in/film-festival/photo/iffk-2022-latest-updates-nishidho-malayalam-movie-review-356709-2022-03-23 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Accolades ==

''Nishiddho'' won the Best Feature Film award at the Ottawa Indian Film Festival, the Best Indian Director award at the [[International Film Festival of Kerala]], and the [[Kerala State Film Award for Second Best Film|Second Best Film]] award at the [[52nd Kerala State Film Awards]]. It was screened at the [[New York Indian Film Festival]], [[Bengaluru International Film Festival]], [[Kolkata International Film Festival]], [[Dhaka International Film Festival]], and NGIIFF Frankfurt/Koln.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Anand |first=Shilpa Nair |date=2022-07-01 |title=Award-winning Malayalam film Nishiddho explores the experience of migrants |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/award-winning-malayalam-film-nishiddho-explores-the-experience-of-migrants/article65584555.ece |access-date=2023-04-16 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=2023-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416115259/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/award-winning-malayalam-film-nishiddho-explores-the-experience-of-migrants/article65584555.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|17132400}}

[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:2022 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:2022 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Debojyoti Mishra]]

Shivangi Lioness

2026-03-03T09:08:04Z

SilasCorrie: Creating first stub w/ sources

{{Short description|2025 Indian film by Devaraj Bharani Dharan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Shivangi Lioness
| image = Shivangi Lioness.jpeg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Devaraj Bharani Dharan
| writer = Devaraj Bharani Dharan
| producer = {{plain list|
* Naresh Babu Panchumarthi
}}
| starring = {{plain list|
* [[Anandhi (actress)|Anandhi]]
* [[Varalaxmi Sarathkumar]]
}}
| cinematography = Bharani K Dharan
| music = A. H. Kaashif
| editing = Samjith Mohammed
| studio = First Copy Movies
| released = {{Film date|2025|03|07|df=y}}
| runtime = 122 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}
'''''Shivangi Lioness''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[drama]] [[thriller film]] written and directed by Devaraj Bharani Dharan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-01|title=Shivangi trailer: A strong-willed housewife battles multiple societal barriers at once in this murder mystery|website=[[Cinema Express]] |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Mar/01/shivangi-trailer-a-strong-willed-housewife-battles-multiple-societal-barriers-at-once-in-this-murder-mystery}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-07|title= శివంగి - ఓ ఆడబిడ్డ కథ |url=https://www.indiaherald.com/Movies/Read/994800335/shivangi-oka-adabidda-katha-thatall}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-26|title=Anil Ravipudi: Shivangi first look released by director Anil Ravipudi |url=https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/shivangi-movie-ready-for-release-with-sensational-first-look-slb-2719917.html }}</ref> The film features [[Anandhi (actress)|Anandhi]], [[Varalaxmi Sarathkumar]] and [[John Vijay]] in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-24 |title='Shivangi' trailer released: A thrilling glimpse |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/shivangi-trailer-released-a-thrilling-glimpse-950174}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-02 |title=Sivangi: The trailer of Anandi and Varalaxmi Sarathkumar's 'Sivangi' is arousing interest.. is going viral on social media.. |url=https://zeenews.india.com/telugu/entertainment/varalaxmi-sarathkumar-anadis-sivangi-movie-trailer-goes-viral-on-social-media-ta-208214}}</ref> The film was released theatrically on 7 March 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-21|title=Anandhi-starrer Shivangi to release on this date |website=[[Cinema Express]] |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Feb/21/anandhi-starrer-shivangi-to-release-on-this-date }}</ref>

== Plot ==
A fearless software engineer fights workplace harassment, societal blame, and a murder accusation only to uncover a dark conspiracy behind her husband's tragic death.

== Cast ==
*[[Anandhi (actress)|Anandhi]] as Sathyabhama
*[[Varalaxmi Sarathkumar]] as Sarika Singh
*[[John Vijay]] as Monster K
*Koya Kishore
*Akshara Nunna as Rani, CBI Officer

== Soundtrack ==
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_music = A. H. Kaashif
| title1 = Seema Bidda Raa
| length1 = 2:16
| lyrics1 = Srinivas Kamepalli, Devaraj Bharani Dharan
| extra1 = Sahithi Chaganti, Shivani, Haripriya, Lakshmi Meghana
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Shivangi Lioness'' was released theatrically on 7 March 2025. The film was released on [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]] on 18 April 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-16 |title=Shivangi Lioness On OTT: Varalaxmi Sarathkumar's Telugu Suspense Thriller Movie Gets Streaming Platform And Release Date |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/entertainment/shivangi-lioness-on-ott-varalaxmi-sarathkumar-telugu-suspense-thriller-movie-gets-streaming-platform-and-release-date-aha-tamil-ott-news-10230848 |access-date=2025-04-21 |website=English Jagran |language=en}}</ref>

''[[The Times of India]]'' gave a rating of 3 out of 5 and praised Anandhi's performance.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-07|title=Shivangi Lioness Movie Review : A unique survival thriller|work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/shivangi-lioness/movie-review/118845557.cms}}</ref> [[10TV]] rated the film 2.75 out of 5 and praised the performance of Anandhi.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Telugu |first1=10TV |last2=Nill |first2=Saketh |date=2025-03-07 |title='శివంగి' మూవీ రివ్యూ.. ఓ పెళ్లయిన అమ్మాయికి ఒకేసారి అనేక సమస్యలు వస్తే.. |url=https://10tv.in/telugu-news/movies/anandhi-varalaxmi-sarath-kumar-shivangi-movie-review-and-rating-sy-922753.html |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=10TV Telugu |language=te}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|29002920}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Telugu-language drama films]]
[[Category:Indian thriller films]]
[[Category:2025 thriller films]]
[[Category:Films set in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]

Senathipathi

2026-03-03T04:49:44Z

SilasCorrie: Creating some data needs work

{{short description|1996 film by M. Rathnakumar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Senathipathi
| image = Senathipathi poster.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = M. Rathnakumar
| producer = Malar Balu K. Dhandapani
| writer = M. Rathnakumar
| starring = {{ubl|[[Sathyaraj]]|[[Soundarya]]|[[Sukanya (actress)|Sukanya]]}}
| music = [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
| cinematography = [[B. Kannan]]
| editing = K. Pazhanivel
| studio = Malar Films
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1996|11|10}}
| runtime = 155 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Senathipathi''''' ({{IPAc-en|s|eɪ|n|ɑː|ð|ɪ|p|ə|θ|i}} {{translation|Chief}}) is a 1996 Indian [[Tamil language]] [[drama film]] written and directed by M. Rathnakumar. The film stars [[Sathyaraj]] in dual roles, along with [[Soundarya]] and [[Sukanya (actress)|Sukanya]]. It was released on 10 November 1996.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Senathipathi ( 1996 ) |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/newfilmdb.cgi?name=senathipathi |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130726173354/http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/newfilmdb.cgi?name=senathipathi |archive-date=2013-07-26 |access-date=2013-07-26 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref>

== Plot ==

Senathipathi is a rich and respected village man who is married to Meenakshi, while his little brother Sethupathi is a good-for-nothing young man. Senathipathi and Lingappan, another rich respected village man and their area chief, are best friends. Senathipathi has been charged for past 10 years with the duty to protect the village against the robbers, which he has done with 100% efficiency. Lingappan daughter Aishwarya, a clever, beautiful and arrogant girl, returns after studying in the city. Sethupathi and Aishwarya eventually fall in love with each other. But, Lingappan is totally against inter-caste marriage and sees them together. Nagappa is a long-distant relative of Lingappa and head of their rival village. Though he is rich, Nagappa has very bad habits and so does his only son. Lingappa's and Nagappa's villages clash every year, to receive water from the canal during farming seasons, though justice is on Lingappan village. After failing to get water for the past 10 years, Nagappa gets the photos of Sethu and Aishwarya clubbing each other. he sends the photo to all of his caste's big heads so that none would wed Aishwarya. then, Nagappa can make his son marry her and get all properties of Lingappa's to himself, including canal's check-dams owned by him.

Meanwhile, to protect Aishwarya, Lingappan cleverly assigns her to live in Senathipathi's house till her marriage, so that she would be a guarded-object of Senathipathi so that his brother would be away from her. Sethu and Aishwarya try to break up, but can't. Aishwarya blackmails Sethu to marry her the next day or she will commit suicide. The next day, at the moment of marriage, Senathipathi intercepts Sethu. he asks Sethu to either surrender Aishwarya or comes to a one-on-one till death. Sethu surrenders Aishwarya and is expelled from the house. All of this is seen by Lingappan afar. he tries to get an alliance to Aishwarya but fails. Then, Nagappa proposes an alliance, and it is taken by Lingappan Naicker. Sethupathi hands over Aishwarya and thus keeps his honour. Then, Aishwarya and her mom plead for Lingappan to change his mind. When he is about to, Nagappa and his son come and drag Aiswarya out to be wed. Lingappa shoots both of them dead and starts to find Sethupathi. But, meanwhile, Senathipathi and his wife are attacked on the way home. Though Sethupathi joins them, a traitor stabs both Senathipathi and his wife in the back. At the dying moments, Senathipathi consents for marriage and he removes the thali from his dead wife's neck and gives it to Sethupathi. Sethu then marries Aishwarya there. After a few days, it is seen that Sethupathi is the new Chief of village guards.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[Sathyaraj]] as Senathipathi and Sethupathi Thevar
*[[Soundarya]] as Aishwarya
*[[Sukanya (actress)|Sukanya]] as Meenakshi
*[[Goundamani]] as Kathavarayan
*[[Senthil]] as Veera Bahu
*[[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] as Lingappan Nayakar
*[[Srividya]] as Lingappan Nayakar's wife
*[[Manivannan]] as Nagappan
*[[Ponvannan]] as Nagappan's son
*[[Periya Karuppu Thevar]] as Meenakshi's father
*[[Mohan V. Ram]] as Rangachari
*[[Pasi Narayanan]] as Thavasi
*[[Ponnambalam (actor)|Ponnambalam]]
*[[Mahanadi Shankar]]
*[[Thyagu (actor)|Thyagu]]
*[[K. K. Soundar]]
*[[Oru Viral Krishna Rao]]
*[[M. R. Krishnamurthy|MRK]]
*Dhanapal
*MLA Malaya
*Bayilvan Ranganathan
*MLA Thangaraj
*[[Mahendran (actor)|Mahendran]]
*Viswanath
*[[Vagai Chandrasekhar|Chandrasekhar]] as Suruli (guest appearance)
}}

== Soundtrack ==

The music was composed by [[Deva (composer)|Deva]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Senathipathi |url=https://gaana.com/album/senathipathi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329123330/https://gaana.com/album/senathipathi |archive-date=29 March 2023 |access-date=29 March 2023 |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]]}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 24:11
| title1 = Chikku Pukku Ponnamma
| extra1 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], Krishnaraj
| lyrics1 = [[Vairamuthu]]
| length1 = 5:03
| title2 = En Idhayathai Thirudivittai
| extra2 = [[Swarnalatha]], Mano
| lyrics2 = Vairamuthu
| length2 = 5:20
| title3 = Moonu Mozhama Malliyappoo
| extra3 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
| lyrics3 = Vairamuthu
| length3 = 4:35
| title4 = Palaivana Roja
| extra4 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra
| lyrics4 = M. Rathnakumar
| length4 = 4:39
| title5 = Yarukkum Thalaivanangaa
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, 'Baby' Deepika, K. S. Chithra
| lyrics5 = M. Rathnakumar
| length5 = 4:34
}}

== Reception ==
R. P. R. of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' praised Sathyaraj's performance but felt Rathnakumar's direction was similar to his mentor [[Bharathiraja]] and also added when the world of cinema is heading towards grandeur and many other things, the makers are still stuck with subject like caste and its consequences.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=ஆர். பி. ஆர். |date=29 December 1996 |title=சேனாதிபதி |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1996-12-29/page/n25/mode/2up? |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240307043652/https://archive.org/details/kalki1996-12-29/page/n25/mode/2up? |archive-date=7 March 2024 |access-date=7 March 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=25 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

== Post-release ==
Ratnakumar later worked on a project titled ''Enna Solla Pogirai'' featuring debutants [[Nandha Durairaj|Nandha]], Saikiran and [[Gayathri Raguram]] in 2001, but the film was later stalled.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |title=Enna Solla Pogirai |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/entertainment/filmplus/enna.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040603235347/http://www.chennaionline.com/entertainment/filmplus/enna.asp |archive-date=3 June 2004 |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=Chennai Online}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:1996 Indian films]]
[[Category:1996 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1996 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:1996 drama films]]
[[Category:1996 films]]
[[Category:Films about brothers]]
[[Category:Films about the caste system in India]]
[[Category:Films scored by Deva (composer)]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Pauline Root

2026-02-28T22:12:16Z

SilasCorrie: Made New Article And Citations

{{short description|American physician (1859-1944)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Pauline Root
| image = MaryPaulineRoot1907.png
| alt = A white woman with dark hair in an updo
| caption = Mary Pauline Root, from the 1907 yearbook of Smith College
| birth_name = Mary Pauline Root
| birth_date = May 22, 1859
| birth_place = Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.
| death_date = July 10, 1944
| death_place = Christmas Cove, Maine, U.S.
| other_names =
| occupation = Physician, missionary, educator
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| spouse(s) =
| relatives =
}}

'''Mary Pauline Root''' (May 22, 1859 – July 10, 1944) was an American physician, missionary, and educator. She established a women's hospital in southern India and was resident physician at [[Smith College]].

==Early life and education==
Root was born in [[Providence, Rhode Island]], the daughter of Henry Theodore Root and Mary Evelyn Lake Root.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Who_s_who_in_Pennsylvania/yk8DAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Mary%20Pauline%20Root&pg=PA805&printsec=frontcover |title=Who's who in Pennsylvania: A Biographical Dictionary of Contemporaries |date=1909 |page=805|language=en}}</ref> She graduated from [[Ingham University]] and from the [[Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania]] in 1883.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Henry |first=Frederick Porteous |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Founders_Week_Memorial_Volume/PkMvAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Mary+Pauline+Root&pg=PA508&printsec=frontcover |title=Founders' Week Memorial Volume: Containing an Account of the Two Hundred and Twenty-fifth Anniversary of the Founding of the City of Philadelphia, and Histories of Its Principal Scientific Institutions, Medical Colleges, Hospitals, Etc |date=1909 |publisher=City of Philadelphia|page=508}}</ref> She pursued further medical training at [[Cornell Medical School]] in 1906.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cornell University |first= |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Ten_year_Book_of_Cornell_University/M-tDAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Mary%20Pauline%20Root&pg=PA455&printsec=frontcover |title=The Ten-year Book of Cornell University, 1868-1908 |date=1908 |pages=455 |language=en}}</ref>
==Career==
Root was the first woman to be a resident physician at the Philadelphia's Blockley Hospital,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mills |first=Charles Karsner |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Philadelphia_Almshouse_and_the_Phila/4fzPAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Mary%20Pauline%20Root&pg=PA44&printsec=frontcover |title=The Philadelphia Almshouse and the Philadelphia Hospital: From 1854 to 1908 |date=1908 |pages=44 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1883-04-15 |title=Doctors for Blockley Hospital |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-philadelphia-times-doctors-for-block/181126434/ |access-date=2025-09-15 |work=The Philadelphia Times |pages=1 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> and the first woman physician to become a missionary with the [[American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions]].<ref name=":0" /> In 1885 she went to [[Madurai]] in southern India,<ref>{{Cite journal |date=June 1889 |title=Woman's Work in the Madura Mission |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Life_and_Light_for_Heathen_Women/W9oxAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Mary%20Pauline%20Root&pg=PA242&printsec=frontcover |journal=Life and Light for Woman |volume=19 |issue=6 |pages=242}}</ref> to establish and run the American Hospital for Women and Children. Her missionary service ended in 1896.<ref name=":0" /> She lectured about her work in India during furloughs,<ref>{{Cite news |date=1892-05-12 |title=Dr. Pauline Root; She lectures This Evening on 'Every Day Life in India' |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/oakland-enquirer-dr-pauline-root-she-l/181111951/ |access-date=2025-09-15 |work=Oakland Enquirer |pages=8 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1896-04-30 |title=Missionary Work in India; Entertaining and Instructive Lecture by Dr. Pauline Root |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-burlington-free-press-missionary-wor/181112281/ |access-date=2025-09-15 |work=The Burlington Free Press |pages=6 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> and for years after she left the foreign mission field.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1903-11-09 |title=Tells of Her Work in Far-Off India |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/minneapolis-daily-times-tells-of-her-wor/181111661/ |access-date=2025-09-15 |work=Minneapolis Daily Times |pages=8 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=June 1914 |title=Rhode Island |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Trained_Nurse_and_Hospital_Review/iOJ2OY6SiDEC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Mary%20Pauline%20Root&pg=RA1-PA372&printsec=frontcover |journal=The Trained Nurse and Hospital Review |volume=52 |issue=6 |pages=372}}</ref>

Root lectured for the Student Volunteer Missionary Movement in 1902.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1902-11-26 |title=Talked of Work in India; Dr. Pauline Root Listened to at Home of Mrs. Steidel in Crete |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-lincoln-star-talked-of-work-in-india/181125238/ |access-date=2025-09-15 |work=The Lincoln Star |pages=5 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> She was the resident physician at Smith College from 1906 to 1909, and taught hygiene classes there.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Smith College |url=http://archive.org/details/class1907smit |title=Class of 1907 Classbook |date=1907 |publisher=Smith College |others=College Archives Smith College Libraries |pages=17 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> She was resident physician at the [[Bennett College (New York)|Bennett School]] in [[Millbrook, New York]], from 1909 to 1910.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Woman_s_Who_s_who_of_America/ZGRIMtCVztEC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Mary%20Pauline%20Root&pg=PA701&printsec=frontcover |title=Woman's Who's who of America: A Biographical Dictionary of Contemporary Women of the United States and Canada, 1914-l9l5 |date=1914 |publisher=American Commonwealth Company |pages=701 |language=en}}</ref> During and after [[World War I]] she was a lecturer for the [[YWCA]] and the [[Bureau of Indian Affairs]], traveling extensively in the United States to speak on social hygiene.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=1919-10-10 |title=Woman Doctor Visits Tomah Indian School; Y.W.C.A. Sends Dr. Pauline Root as Girls' Hygiene Expert |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-la-crosse-tribune-woman-doctor-visit/181112101/ |access-date=2025-09-15 |work=The La Crosse Tribune |pages=2 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>

== Publications ==

* "Letter from Dr. Pauline Root" (1892)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Root |first=Pauline |date=September 1892 |title=Letter from Dr. Pauline Root |url=https://archive.org/details/lifelightforwome229woma/mode/2up?q=%22Pauline+Root%22 |journal=Life and Light for Woman |volume=22 |issue=9 |pages=410-413 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref>
* "Japan" (1892)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Root |first=Pauline |date=January 1892 |title=Japan |url=https://archive.org/details/lifelightforwoma22woma/page/32/mode/2up?q=%22Pauline+Root%22 |journal=Life and Light for Woman |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=33-35 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Root |first=Pauline |date=February 1892 |title=Japan |url=https://archive.org/details/lifelightforwoma22woma/page/81/mode/1up?q=%22Pauline+Root%22 |journal=Life and Light for Woman |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=81-90 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref>
* "Japan: The Women's Bible Training School in Kobe" (1892)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Root |first=Pauline |date=April 1892 |title=Japan: The Women's Bible Training School in Kobe |url=https://archive.org/details/lifelightforwoma22woma/page/155/mode/1up?q=%22Pauline+Root%22 |journal=Life and Light for Woman |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=155-158 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref>
* "The Kindergarten in Kobe, Japan" (1892)<ref>Root, Pauline. "The Kindergarten in Kobe, Japan." In ''Cassidy & Kaston-Tange: Children and Empire, Vol. I'', pp. 259-264. Routledge, 2024.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Root |first=Pauline |date=October 1892 |title=The Kindergarten at Kobe, Japan |url=https://archive.org/details/lifelightforwoma22woma/page/459/mode/1up?q=%22Pauline+Root%22 |journal=Life and Light for Woman |volume=22 |issue=10 |pages=459-463 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref>
* "Young Women in India—A Letter to Mothers" (1892)<ref>Root, Pauline. "Young Women in India.—A Letter to Mothers." In ''Cassidy & Kaston-Tange: Children and Empire, Vol. II'', pp. 69-70. Routledge, 2024.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Root |first=Pauline |date=October 1892 |title=Young Women in India--A Letter to Mothers |url=https://archive.org/details/lifelightforwoma22woma/page/479/mode/1up?q=%22Pauline+Root%22 |journal=Life and Light for Woman |volume=22 |issue=10 |pages=479-482 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref>
* "India; Contrasts" (1892)<ref>Root, Pauline. "India. Contrasts." In ''Cassidy & Kaston-Tange: Children and Empire, Vol. I'', pp. 253-258. Routledge, 2024.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Root |first=Pauline |date=December 1892 |title=India: Contrasts |url=https://archive.org/details/lifelightforwoma22woma/page/553/mode/1up?q=%22Pauline+Root%22 |journal=Life and Light for Woman |volume=22 |issue=12 |pages=553-557 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref>
* "Memories of Medical Work" (1895)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Root |first=Pauline |date=January 1895 |title=Memories of Medical Work |url=https://archive.org/details/lifelightforwome251woma/page/12/mode/2up?q=%22Pauline+Root%22 |journal=Life and Light for Woman |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=12-15 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref>

==Personal life and legacy==
Root died in 1944, in [[Bristol, Maine|Christmas Cove, Maine]], at the age of 85. There is a box of her papers and photographs in the College of Medicine Legacy Center of [[Drexel University]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Collection: Mary Pauline Root papers |url=https://archivalcollections.drexel.edu/repositories/5/resources/1929 |access-date=2025-09-15 |website=Archival Collections, Drexel University}}</ref> Educator and physician [[Mary Pauline Jeffery]] was born to missionary parents in India in 1893, and was named for Root.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oberlin's Women: Mary Pauline Jeffery |url=https://scalar.oberlincollegelibrary.org/suffrage/jeffery |access-date=2025-09-15 |website=Oberlin's Women: A Legacy of Leadership & Activism |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1939-03-13 |title=The World of Books; 'Dr. Ida: India'; Romantic Service of Missionary Physician |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-springfield-daily-republican-the-wor/181126212/ |access-date=2025-09-15 |work=The Springfield Daily Republican |pages=6 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* Caitlin "KT" Abadir-Mullally, [https://drexel.edu/legacy-center/blog/overview/2023/November/Revisiting%20the%20Mary%20Pauline%20Root%20papers/ "Revisiting the Mary Pauline Root papers"] ''The Legacy Center Blog'' (November 29, 2023), a blog post about Root's papers at Drexel.
* Mary E. Schaller Blaufuss, "Goals of the American Madura Mission: A Study of Changing Mission Goals in the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions During the Nineteenth Century" (PhD dissertation, Princeton Theological Seminary 2000).
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Root, Pauline}}
[[Category:1859 births]]
[[Category:1944 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Providence, Rhode Island]]
[[Category:Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania alumni]]
[[Category:Smith College faculty]]
[[Category:American women medical doctors]]
[[Category:American missionaries in India]]

Panipat Municipal Corporation

2026-02-24T04:12:08Z

SilasCorrie: improved article

{{Short description|Local civic body in Panipat, Haryana, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox legislature
| name = Panipat Municipal Corporation
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| transcription_name =
| logo_pic =
| house_type = Municipal Corporation
| term_limits = 5 years
| foundation = {{start date and age|df=yes|2010|03|17}}
| leader1_type = [[Mayor (India)|Mayor]]
| leader1 = Komal Saini
| party1 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| election1 = March 2025
| leader2_type = [[Leader of the Opposition (India)|Leader of the Opposition]]
| leader2 =
| party2 =
| election2 =
| leader3_type = [[Municipal Commissioner]]
| leader3 = Pankaj
| party3 = [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| election3 =
| seats = '''26'''
| structure1_res = 275px
| structure1 = India Panipat, Haryana Municipal Corporation 2025.svg
| political_groups1 =
'''[[Municipal corporation (India)|Government]] (23)'''
:*{{Colour box|#FF9933}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (23)
'''[[Parliamentary opposition|Others]] (3)'''
:*{{Colour box|#B2B2B2}} [[Independent politician|IND]] (3)
| term_length = 5 years
| authority =
| voting_system1 = [[First-past-the-post voting|First-past-the-post]]
| last_election1 =[[2025 Haryana local elections|9 March 2025]]
| next_election1 = 2030
| motto =
| session_room =
| session_res =
| session_alt =
| meeting_place = [[Panipat]], [[Haryana]]
| website = {{URL|https://nagarnigampanipat.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Municipal Corporation of Panipat''' or '''Panipat Municipal Corporation''' is responsible for the civic administration of the [[Urban Agglomeration|UA]] city [[Panipat]] in [[Panipat district]], Haryana, India. This was a municipal council established in 1867. In 2010 this was converted to [[Municipal Corporation]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ulbharyana.gov.in/municipal-corporations-panipat.html|title=Municipal Corporations Panipat|website=ulbharyana.gov.in|access-date=2020-03-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Panipat-Municipal-Corporation|title=Panipat Municipal Corporation: Latest News, Videos and Photos of Panipat Municipal Corporation {{!}} Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=2020-03-30}}</ref> Municipal Corporation mechanism in India was introduced during British Rule with formation of municipal corporation in Madras ([[Chennai]]) in 1688, later followed by municipal corporations in Bombay ([[Mumbai]]) and Calcutta ([[Kolkata]]) by 1762.<ref name="May ref5">{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Anupam |title=City Mayors: Indian Mayors |url=http://www.citymayors.com/mayors/indian-mayors.html |access-date=29 October 2021 |publisher=citymayors.com}}</ref> Panipat Municipal Corporation has been formed with [[Municipal corporation (India)#Functions|functions]] to improve the infrastructure of town.

== History and administration ==
Panipat Municipal Corporation was formed to improve the infrastructure of the town as per the needs of local population.<ref name="pa3">{{cite news |title=MC sets up enforcement wing for demolition drives in Panipat |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/mc-sets-up-enforcement-wing-for-demolition-drives-in-panipat-360189 |access-date=21 June 2022 |publisher=Tribuneindia News Service |date=11 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
Panipat Municipal Corporation has been categorised into wards and each ward is headed by councillor for which elections are held every 5 years.{{fact|date=March 2023}}

Panipat Municipal Corporation is governed by mayor<ref name="pa2">{{cite news |title=ULB minister's surprise to Panipat MC: 2 staffers terminated for dereliction of duty |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/ulbministers-surprise-to-panipat-mc-2-staffers-terminated-for-dereliction-of-duty-101652213498426.html |access-date=21 June 2022 |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=11 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref> and administered by Municipal Commissioner Dr. Pankaj.

== Earlier Municipal Commissioners ==
* [[Yashender Singh]].<ref name="pa1">{{cite news |title=64 unauthorised colonies in Panipat likely to be regularised |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/64-unauthorised-colonies-in-panipat-likely-to-be-regularised-399338 |access-date=21 June 2022 |publisher=Tribuneindia News Service |date=30 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

== Geography ==
The Panipat Municipal Corporation located at {{coord|29.3937|N|76.9694|E|}} in [[Panipat]] in the state of [[Haryana]], [[India]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2010 establishments in Haryana]]
[[Category:Municipal corporations in Haryana]]
[[Category:Panipat]]
{{Municipalities of Haryana}}

{{India-gov-stub}}

M.G.R. Government Film and Television Training Institute

2026-02-17T09:52:35Z

SilasCorrie: small updated layout for accuracy for consistency

{{Short description|Pioneer film institute in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{COI|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox university
| name = M.G.R. Government Film and Television Training Institute
| motto =
| image =
| established = {{start date and age|1945}} (as Adyar Film Institute)
| type = [[Film school]]
| director =
| endowment =
| staff =
| faculty =
| president = [[Trotsky Marudu]]
| principal = J. V. Mohanakrishnan
| provost =
| undergrad =
| postgrad =
| city = C.I.T. Campus, [[Tharamani]], [[Chennai]] – 600113
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| country = [[India]]
| campus = Urban
| colors =
| mascot =
| athletics =
| academic_affiliations = [[The Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Music and Fine Arts University]]
| free_label =
| free =
| website = https://www.filminstitute.tn.gov.in/en
}}
The '''M.G.R. Government Film and Television Training Institute''', popularly known earlier as '''Madras Film Institute''', is Asia's first-ever film and television training institute. Established in 1945 as '''Adyar Film Institute''', it is one of the pioneer film institutes in India.<ref>[http://www.tn.gov.in/results/mgrinstitute/2012/prospectus.pdf One among the Pioneer film institutes] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130319144122/http://www.tn.gov.in/results/mgrinstitute/2012/prospectus.pdf |date=2013-03-19 }}</ref> It is in [[Tharamani]], [[Chennai]], and is run by the Department of Information and Public Relations, [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].<ref name=tnd/>

The diplomas are approved by [[All India Council for Technical Education]] (AICTE), while the certificates are awarded by the Department of Technical Education, [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="tnd">{{Cite web |url=http://www.tndipr.gov.in/television-traininginstitute.aspx |title=Courses Offered |access-date=19 February 2013 |archive-date=7 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207032011/http://www.tndipr.gov.in/television-traininginstitute.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=CAREER GUIDE: Shooting for the stars |url=http://www.hindu.com/edu/2010/11/01/stories/2010110150170700.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101108132619/http://www.hindu.com/edu/2010/11/01/stories/2010110150170700.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 November 2010 |date=1 November 2010 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=22 February 2013}}</ref>

The incumbent president of the Institute is [[Trotsky Marudu]], who was appointed by the Government on 11 November 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Arun |date=2024-11-11 |title=திரைப்பட பயிற்சி நிறுவன தலைவர் ட்ராட்ஸ்கி மருது நியமனம்: தமிழ்நாடு அரசு உத்தரவு |url=https://www.dinakaran.com/director-filmtraininginstitute-trotskymaruthu-appointment-governmentoftamilnadu-order/ |access-date=2024-12-21 |website=Dinakaran |language=en-US}}</ref>

==History==
The institute was established in 1945 as '''Adyar Film Institute''' and was a part of the Central Polytechnic. In 1965, it moved into its present campus in the Tharamani area of Chennai. At the time, the campus was spread over 54 acres, which has reduced over the following decades, due to rapid urbanisation. Parts of land were given to the [[Indian Institute of Technology Madras|IIT Madras]] and many IT companies, bringing it down to the present 10 acres.

M.G.R. Film City is situated in Taramani. It is an Indian Film and TV Training Institute run by Tamil Nadu State Government under Information and Public relation.{{citation needed|date=October 2019}}

In 2006, it was renamed M.G.R. Film and Television Training Institute, after former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu [[M. G. Ramachandran]] (1917–1987), who was a prominent actor in [[Tamil cinema]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Modernisation of Government printing presses under way: Minister |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/08/29/stories/2006082908710400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071113052155/http://www.hindu.com/2006/08/29/stories/2006082908710400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 November 2007 |date= 29 August 2006 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=22 February 2013}}</ref>

In 1994, the government started [[MGR Film City]] to make more filmmaking facilities in the city. On 16 October 1997, [[Queen Elizabeth II]] visited MGR Film City and watched the filming of [[Kamal Haasan]]'s Tamil movie ''[[Marudhanayagam]]''.<ref>[http://www.hindu.com/revents/01/19970110.htm Queen Elizabeth's Visit to MGR Film City] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031231084148/http://www.hindu.com/revents/01/19970110.htm |date=2003-12-31 }}</ref> The acting course that started in 1971, at the behest of M.G.R., was discontinued in 2002.<ref name="hindu09">{{cite news |date=12 June 2009 |title=MGR Film and TV Institute losing land to urbanisation |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-06-12/chennai/28188192_1_land-iit-budget-discussion |url-status=dead |access-date=22 February 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411034530/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-06-12/chennai/28188192_1_land-iit-budget-discussion |archive-date=11 April 2013}}</ref> Talks to revive the course have been on for many years.<ref name=hindumgr09>{{cite news |title=New dreams for MGR Film Institute |url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/07/05/stories/2009070558850200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090709163006/http://www.hindu.com/2009/07/05/stories/2009070558850200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 July 2009 |date=5 July 2009 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=22 February 2013}}</ref>

==Courses==
It offers four-year bachelor's degree courses
{{Numbered list|Bachelor of Visual Arts ([[Cinematography]])|Bachelor of Visual Arts ([[Digital Intermediate]])|Bachelor of Visual Arts ([[Audio engineer |Audiography]])|Bachelor of Visual Arts ([[Film director|Direction]] and [[Screenwriter|Screenplay Writing]])|Bachelor of Visual Arts ([[Film editing|Film Editing]])|Bachelor of Visual Arts ([[Animation]] and [[Visual Effects]])
}} Screenplay and Direction, Cinematography, Sound Recording and Sound Engineering, Film Editing and Film Processing, and functions of the government. Only 14 students are admitted in each course.

==Notable alumni==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
! Artist
! Category
! Notes
|-
|[[K. S. Prasad]]
|[[Cinematographer]]
|
|-

|[[Mankada Ravi Varma]]
|Cinematographer
|
|-

|[[Ashok Kumar (cinematographer)|Ashok Kumar]]
|Cinematographer
|
|-

|[[P. S. Nivas]]
|Cinematographer
|
|-

|[[Keyaar]]
|[[Film director]]
|
|-

|[[Aabavanan]]
|Film director
|
|-

|[[R. V. Udayakumar|RV.Udayakumar]]
|Film director
|
|-

|[[Rajinikanth]]
|[[Actor]]
|
|-

|[[Hema Chaudhary]]
|[[Actress]]
|
|-

|[[G. V. Narayana Rao]]
|[[Actor]]
|
|-

|[[Mohan Babu]]
|[[Actor]]
|
|-

|[[K. Natraj]]
|[[Actor]]
|
|-

|[[Ramki]]
|[[Actor]]
|
|-

|[[C. Rudhraiya]]
|Screenwriter, Film director
|
|-

|[[K. Rajeshwar]]
| Screenwriter, Film director
|
|-

|[[Jose (actor)|Jose]]
|[[Actor]]
|
|-

|[[Maniyanpilla Raju]]
|[[Actor]]
|
|-

| [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]]
| [[Actor]]
|
|-

| Sujatha Vijaykumar
| [[Film producer|Producer]]
|
|-

| Chakrapani (actor)|Chakrapani
| [[Actor]]
|
|-

|[[Sudhakar (actor)|Sudhakar]]
| [[Actor]]
|
|-

|[[Chiranjeevi]]<ref>{{cite web|title=താങ്കള്‍ വലിയ എഴുത്തുകാരനാകുമെന്ന് പ്രതീക്ഷിച്ചില്| author=Adam Ayub|access-date=12 September 2025|url= https://www.mediaoneonline.com/mediaone-shelf/column/wide-angle-part-22-241386|publisher=Media one}}</ref>
|[[Actor]]
|
|-

| [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]]
| [[Actor]]
|
|-

| [[Sreenivasan]]
| [[Actor]]
|
|-

| [[P. C. Sreeram]]
| Cinematographer
|
|-

| [[Suhasini Maniratnam]]
| [[Actress]]
|
|-

| [[Raghuvaran]]
| [[Actor]]
|
|-

| [[Archana (actress)|Archana]]
| Actor
|
|-

| [[Yugi Sethu]]
| Film director
|
|-

| [[R. V. Udayakumar]]
| Film director
|
|-

|[[Rajiv Menon]]
| Cinematographer
|
|-

|G. P. Krishna
| Cinematographer
|
|-

|[[Ayananka Bose]]
|Cinematographer
|
|-

|[[V. Manikandan]]
|Cinematographer
|
|-

|[[Boopathy Pandian]]
|Director
|
|-

|[[Sakthi Saravanan]]
|Cinematographer
|
|-

| [[Anand Raj]]
| Actor
|
|-

| [[Shiva Rajkumar]]
| Actor
|
|-

| [[S. Saravanan]]
| Cinematographer
|
|-

| [[M. V. Panneerselvam]]
| Cinematographer
|
|-

| [[Raveendran]]
| Actor
|
|-

| [[Kumar Bangarappa]]
| Actor
|
|-

| [[Ajayan (director)|Ajayan]]
| Cinematographer
|
|-

| [[N. Harikumar]]
| Sound editor
|
|-

| [[U. K. Senthil Kumar]]
| Cinematographer
|
|-

| [[Jeeva (director)|Jeeva]]
| Cinematographer
|
|-

| [[S. Saravanan]]
| Cinematographer
|
|-

| [[M. V. Panneerselvam]]
| Cinematographer
|
|-

|[[Vijay Milton]]
|Cinematographer
|
|-

|[[R. Rathnavelu]]
|Cinematographer
|
|-

| [[Saravanan (actor)|Saravanan]]
| Actor
|
|-

| E. Ezhilbabu
| Cinematographer Cameraman, ISRO, Ahmedabad
|
|-

| [[Alberrt Antoni]]
| Film director
|
|-

| [[Vaidy S.]]
| Cinematographer
|
|-

| R. Diwakaran
| Cinematographer
|
|-

|P. V. Sunilkumar
|Cinematographer, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, ISRO
|
|-

| Chandru Manickavasagam
| Writer, Film director
|
|-

|[[R. T. Neason]]
|Director
|
|-

|[[N. K. Ekambaram]]
| Cinematographer
|
|-

| [[Siva (director)|Siva]]
| Director
|
|-

| [[Vetri (cinematographer)|Vetri]]
| Cinematographer
|
|-

| [[Nandha Durairaj]]
| Actor
|
|-

|[[Mohan Raja]]
|Film director
|
|-

|[[Bhaskar (director)|Bommarillu Baskar]]
|Film Director
|
|-

|[[Azhagam Perumal]]
|Director, Actor
|
|-

|[[P. S. Vinod]]
|Cinematographer
|
|-

|[[Arivazhagan Venkatachalam]]
|Director
|
|-

|[[M. Anbazhagan]]
|Director
|
|-

| [[Narain (actor)|Narain]]
| Cinematographer, Actor
|
|-

| E. Krishnasamy
| Cinematographer
|
|-

|[[Manoj Paramahamsa]]
|Cinematographer
|
|-

|Gnanam Subramanian
|Cinematographer
|
|-

|Arul Sakthi Jayam
|Underwater DOP/ Cinematographer
|
|-

|[[Mahesh Narayanan]]
|[[Film editor]], [[Screenwriter|Screenplay writer]]
|
|-

|[[Manush Nandan]]
|Cinematographer
|
|-

|K. G. Venkatesh
|Cinematographer
|
|-

|Sooraj Nallusamy
|Cinematographer
|
|-

|Magesh Raj
|Cinematographer
|
|-

|E.Subamohan
|Cameraman, Tamilnadu Films Division.
|
|-

|Sampath Alwar
|Sound Engineer, Sound Designer
|
|-

|[[Vishnu Govind]]
|[[sound engineer]], [[sound designer]]
|
|-

|Vijay Ulaganath
|Cinematographer
|
|-

|Dinesh Krishnan
|Cinematographer
|
|-

|[[Sujith Sarang]]
|Cinematographer
|
|-

|Anbusathiyan R.
|Cinematographer
|
|-

|Richard Prasad
|Cinematographer
|
|-

|[[Srihari]]
| Actor
|
|-

|[[Bakkiyaraj Kannan]]
| Director
|[[Gopi Krishna (film editor)|Gopi Krishna]]
|[[Editor]]
|J. Dharmendra
|[[Television Presenter]], [[Actor]]
|
|-
|Thirukkumaran Ganesan
|Screenplay Writer, Director

|Kavin Raj
|Cinematographer
|
|-

|Suriya Pradhaman
|[[Editor]]

| Sistla VMK
|Cinematographer

|-
| Prasanna venkatesh D
|
|-|B.Sakthidoss
|Cinematographer
|
|-
|Adam Ayub<ref>https://www.mediaoneonline.com/user-31663</ref><ref>https://www.manoramaonline.com/news/latest-news/2021/09/14/exclusive-interview-with-malayalam-serial-cinema-director-actor-writer-adam-ayub.html</ref>
|Actor
|
|-
|Ganesh K Babu
|Director
|}

==See also==
* [[Film and Television Institute of India]]
* [[Bhartendu Academy of Dramatic Arts|Bhartendu Natya Academy]]
* [[Cinema of India]]
* [[:Category:Film and Television Institute of India alumni|Film and Television Institute of India alumni]]
* [[Film school]]
* [[Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute]]
* [[Government Film and Television Institute]]
* [[State Institute of Film and Television]]
* [[Jyoti Chitraban Film and Television Institute]]
* [[Biju Pattnaik Film and Television Institute of Odisha]]
* [[K. R. Narayanan National Institute of Visual Science and Arts]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.tndipr.gov.in/television-traininginstitute.aspx M.G.R. Government Film and Television Training Institute] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207032011/http://www.tndipr.gov.in/television-traininginstitute.aspx |date=7 February 2013 }} at [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] website
* [https://www.filminstitute.tn.gov.in/ta
* [https://www.filminstitute.tn.gov.in/en
{{Film schools in India}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Film schools in India]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1945]]
[[Category:1945 establishments in India]]
[[Category:State agencies of Tamil Nadu]]

Godavari-class frigate

2026-02-12T13:21:52Z

SilasCorrie: Content refined for better accuracy

{{Short description|Class of frigates in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2008}}

{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
| image = INS Godavari (F20) during Malabar 2008.jpg
| image_caption = INS ''Godavari''
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/class overview
| name = ''Godavari'' class
| builders = [[Mazagon Dock Limited]]
| operators = {{navy|India}}
| class_before = {{sclass|Nilgiri|frigate|4||1972}}
| class_after = {{sclass|Brahmaputra|frigate|4}}
| subclasses =
| built_range = 1978 – 1988
| in_commission_range = 1983 – 2022
| total_ships_building =
| total_ships_planned = 3
| total_ships_completed = 3
| total_ships_canceled =
| total_ships_active =
| total_ships_laid_up =
| total_ships_lost =
| total_ships_retired = 3<ref name="swansong"/><ref name="pride_Gomati">{{cite news |last=Sharda |first=Shailvee |date=13 May 2022 |title=Indian Navy's pride INS Gomati to make final base in Lucknow |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/indian-navys-pride-ins-gomati-to-make-final-base-in-lucknow/articleshow/91528374.cms |work=The Times of India |location= |access-date=15 May 2022}}</ref>
| total_ships_preserved =
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
| hide_header =
| header_caption =
| type = [[Guided-missile frigate]]
| displacement = *3,600 tonnes (standard)
*3,850 tonnes (full load)
| length = {{convert|126.5|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name="jfs-0506"/>
| beam = {{convert|14.5|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name="jfs-0506"/>
| draught = {{convert|4.5|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name="jfs-0506"/>
| draft =
| propulsion = *2 × Babcock & Wilcox boilers {{convert|38.7|kg/cm2|psi|abbr=on}}
*2 × steam turbines {{Convert|30000|hp|kW|-2|abbr=on}}
*2 shafts<ref name="jfs-0506"/>
| speed = {{convert|28|kn|km/h}}<ref name="jfs-0506"/>
| range = {{convert|4500|nmi|km|abbr=on}} at {{convert|12|kn|km/h}}<ref name="jfs-0506"/>
| complement = 313 (incl. 40 officers, 13 air crew)<ref name="jfs-0506"/>
| sensors = *''Radar''
*Signaal LW08 D-band air search radar
*MR-310U Angara (NATO:Head Net C) E/F-band 3D air/surface radar
*2 × Signaal ZW06 or Don Kay I-band navigation radars
*MR-103 GFCS Fire Control radar
*EL/M-2221 STGR Fire control radar (Barak SAM) (replaced MPZ-310 radar (SA-N-4 SAM))
*''Sonar''
*[[Bharat Electronics|BEL]] HUMSA (Hull Mounted Sonar Array)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Advanced Active cum Passive Integrated Sonar System |url=https://bel-india.in/product/advanced-active-cum-passive-integrated-sonar-system-humsa-ng/ |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=BEL |language=en-US |archive-date=23 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240823141506/https://bel-india.in/product/advanced-active-cum-passive-integrated-sonar-system-humsa-ng/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| EW = *Selenia INS-3 (Bharat Ajanta and Elettronica TQN-2) used for ESM/ECM
*''Decoys''
*2 × chaff/flare launchers
*1 × Graesby G738 towed torpedo decoy
| armament = *4 × [[P-15 Termit|SS-N-2D Styx AShM]]
*24 × [[Barak 1]] SAM (3 × 8 cell VLS units) (replaced SA-N-4 SAM)
*1 × [[OTO Melara 76 mm]] gun (replaced [[AK-725]] twin-barreled 57 mm gun)
*4 × [[AK-630]] 30 mm CIWS
*2 × triple {{convert|324|mm|in|abbr=on}} tubes (Whitehead A 244S or Indian NST 58 torpedoes)
| armor =
| aircraft = 2 × [[Westland Sea King|Sea King]], [[HAL Dhruv]] or [[HAL Chetak]] helicopters
| aircraft_facilities =
| notes =
}}
}}
The '''''Godavari''-class frigates''' (formerly '''Type 16''' or '''Project 16''' frigates) were [[guided-missile frigate]]s of the [[Indian Navy]]. The ''Godavari'' class was the first significant indigenous warship design and development initiative of the Indian Navy. Its design is a modification of the {{sclass|Nilgiri|frigate|4||1972}} with a focus on indigenous content of 72%, a larger hull and updated armaments. The class and the lead ship, {{INS|Godavari|F20|6}} were named after the [[Godavari River]]. Subsequent ships in the class, {{INS|Ganga|F22|6}} and {{INS|Gomati|F21|6}} also took their names from [[Indian rivers]].

INS ''Gomati'' was the first Indian Navy vessel to have digital electronics in her combat data system. The ships combined Indian, Russian and Western weapons systems.<ref name=BR-Godavari>{{cite web |url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Ships/Active/178-Godavari-Class.html |title=Godavari (Type 16) Class |work=Bharat-Rakshak.com |access-date=26 September 2014 |archive-date=8 December 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121208131156/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Ships/Active/178-Godavari-Class.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==History==
The concept for the ''Godavari'' class originated from the lessons learnt in the [[Indo-Pakistan War of 1971]]. There was a need for a ship unique to Indian requirements, for deploying a hybrid of indigenously-designed, as well as Russian and European weapons systems. The keel of the lead ship INS ''Godavari'' was laid in 1978 at [[Mazagon Dock Limited]] in [[Bombay]]. She was commissioned in December 1983.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}

One of the requirements was to deploy two [[Westland Sea King|Sea King]] helicopters from the ship. The ''Nilgiri''-class vessels were too small for this requirement. The final design incorporated a larger hull in order to accommodate this.<ref name=GS-P16>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/f-godavari.htm |title=F 20 Godavari Class |publisher=globalsecurity.org |date=9 July 2011 |access-date=26 September 2014}}</ref> INS ''Godavari'' was decommissioned on 23 December 2015, and her [[Barak 1]] surface-to-air missile will be installed on the [[flagship]] {{INS|Vikramaditya}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/vikramaditya-to-be-fitted-with-barak-missiles/68184.html |title=Vikramaditya to be fitted with Barak missiles |publisher=www.tribuneindia.com/ |date=21 Apr 2015 |access-date=16 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/INS-Godavari-sets-sail-into-the-sunset-after-3-decades/articleshow/50259958.cms |title=INS Godavari sets sail into the sunset after three decades |publisher=Times of India |date=21 December 2015 |access-date=22 December 2015}}</ref> INS ''Ganga'' was retired from active service on 28 May 2017,<ref name="swansong">{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/613543/ins-ganga-swansong-sortie.html |title=INS Ganga on swansong sortie |publisher=Deccan Herald |date=25 May 2017 |access-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> and was decommissioned on 22 March 2018.<ref name="Business Standard India">{{Cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/navy-warship-ins-ganga-decommissioned-in-mumbai-118032201452_1.html|title=Navy warship INS Ganga decommissioned in Mumbai|agency=Press Trust of India|date=2018-03-22|work=Business Standard India|access-date=2018-03-23}}</ref> The last ship of its class, INS ''Gomati'', was decommissioned on 15 May 2022 after 34 years of service.<ref name="pride_Gomati"/>

==Design==
Although the Directorate of Marine Engineering suggested replacing steam propulsion with gas turbines, it was decided not to do so, since [[Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited]] and [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]] had made heavy investments in facilities and tooling for design of steam turbines and auxiliary systems.<ref name=GS-P16/>

For armaments, the missile and gun package of the Soviet {{sclass2|Nanuchka|corvette}} was installed on the frigate. Later on, when the frigates underwent their mid-life overhauls, some of the Soviet systems were replaced by Israeli and Italian systems.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}

== Ships of the class ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Name
!Pennant
!Builder
!Laid down
!Launched
!Commissioned
!Decommissioned
!Fate
|-
| {{INS|Godavari|F20|2}}
| F20
| rowspan=3|[[Mazagon Dock Limited]]
| 3 November 1978<ref name="jni-23dec15">{{cite web|last1=Rahmat|first1=Ridzwan|title=India decommissions first Godavari-class frigate|url=http://www.janes.com/article/56850/india-decommissions-first-godavari-class-frigate|work=IHS Jane's Navy International|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307233537/http://www.janes.com/article/56850/india-decommissions-first-godavari-class-frigate|archive-date=7 March 2016|date=23 December 2015}}</ref>
| 15 May 1980
| 10 December 1983<ref name="jfs-0506">{{cite book|editor1-last=Saunders|editor1-first=Stephen|editor1-mask=Commodore Stephen Saunders|title=Jane's Fighting Ships 2005-2006|date=2005|publisher=Jane's Information Group|location=Coulsdon|isbn=0710626924|page=315|edition=108th|chapter=India}}</ref>
| 23 December 2015
| Sunk as target, 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/watch-in-exercise-navy-ship-fires-missile-sinks-decommissioned-godavari-frigate-2314481|title=In Naval Exercises At Arabian Sea, Missile Sinks Old Ship|date=23 October 2020|access-date=3 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://inshorts.com/en/news/indian-navy-sinks-old-ship-with-missile-during-exercise-at-arabian-sea-1603436906753|title=Indian Navy sinks old ship with missile during exercise at Arabian Sea|date=23 October 2020|access-date=3 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/ANI/status/1319480490676482048?utm_campaign=fullarticle&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=inshorts|title=The anti-ship missile (AShM) launched by Indian Navy Missile Corvette #INSPrabal, homes on with deadly accuracy at max range, sinking target ship: Indian Navy|date=23 October 2020|access-date=3 May 2024}}</ref>

|-
| {{INS|Ganga|F22|2}}
| F22
| 1980
| 21 October 1981
| 30 December 1985<ref name="jfs-0506"/>
| 22 March 2018<ref name="Business Standard India"/>
| Awaiting disposal
|-
| {{INS|Gomati|F21|2}}
| F21
| 1981
| 19 March 1984
| 16 April 1988<ref name="jfs-0506"/>
| 28 May 2022
| To be preserved as museum.<ref>{{cite news |author= |date=13 May 2022 |title=Navy Shaurya Smarak to be set up in Lucknow |url=https://www.uniindia.com/story/Navy-Shaurya-Smarak-to-be-set-up-in-Lucknow |work=UNI |location= |access-date=3 May 2024}}</ref>
|}

==Upgrades==
All three ships later underwent an extensive upgrade of weapons and sensors. These include the fitment of the Israeli Barak SAM system with a new fire control system based on the EL/M-2221 STGR in place of the original Soviet SA-N-4 SAM system. The P-20 missiles were retained. The Soviet [[AK-725]] main gun was also replaced by an Italian [[OTO Melara 76 mm]] gun.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:INS Godavari (F20)+INS Brahmaputra (F31)+INS Beas (F39).jpg|INS ''Godavari'' with {{INS|Brahmaputra|1994|6}} and {{INS|Beas|F37|6}} trailing during exercises with the US Navy.
File:INS Ganga (F22).jpg|[[INS Ganga (F22)]] during sea operations.
File:INS Gomati with Seaking heli operations.jpg|INS Gomati with Seaking helicopter operations.
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[List of naval ship classes in service]]

'''Equivalent frigates of the same era'''
* {{sclass|Adelaide|frigate|4}}
* {{sclass|Jacob van Heemskerck|frigate|4}}
* {{sclass|Santa María|frigate|4}}
* {{sclass|Cassard|frigate|4}}
* {{sclass|Cheng Kung|frigate|4}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Godavari class frigate}}
{{Ship classes of the Indian Navy}}
{{Frigates_of_the_Indian_Navy}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Godavari Class Frigate}}
[[Category:Godavari-class frigates| ]]
[[Category:Frigate classes]]
[[Category:Ships built in India]]

Priya Raina

2026-02-10T02:35:27Z

SilasCorrie: Made New Info Added Tags

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Priya Raina
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1988|11|05|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Kashmir]], [[India]]
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| occupation = [[Radio jockey|RJ]], actress, singer, comedian, host, [[Voice acting|voice-over artist]]
| years_active = 2009–present
| url =
}}

'''Priya Raina''' (born 5 November 1988) is an Indian television actress, singer, comedian, host, and [[voice over artist]] born in [[Kashmir]], Jammu and Kashmir, India. She is best known for her comedy show on Sony TV [[Comedy Circus Ka Naya Daur]]. In 2019 she released her first Kashmiri music video "Madno" winning her accolades. In 2020 she won an award in India Voice Fest for the best female voice in Hindi Drama category. She was recently seen in popular web series ‘Rocket Boys’ on Sony Liv.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/jammu-kashmir/community/bollywood-comedians-to-judge-jammu-talent-on-november-22/160419.html| title=Bollywood comedians to judge Jammu talent on November 22|date=20 November 2015|work=Tribune India}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Priya Raina was born on 5 November 1988 in [[Kashmir]], India to Shuban Lal Raina and Rekha Raina, belonging to the generations of [[Kashmiri Pandit]]s who experienced the Kashmiri Pandit genocide in her childhood. She holds a master's degree in [[English studies|English]] Literature and is a trained singer.

She started her career as a radio jockey with Big FM, and later participated in the reality show India's Got Talent on Colors followed by comedy circus on Sony Tv. She has also acted in various tv shows, films and commercials. She is a well known voice artist.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p6Yzfo2bQQA |title= INDIA GOT TALENT Mimicry anyone by GotTalent in|website= [[YouTube]]|date= 16 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://scrutinybykhimaanshu.blogspot.in/2015/06/karan-v-grover-priya-raina-to-play-lead.html|title=Karan V. Grover and Priya Raina to play lead in Sonali Jaffar's TV show|date=23 June 2015 }}</ref><ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Ridhima-Pandit-replaces-Priya-Raina-in-Sonali-Jaffars-TV-show/articleshow/49299734.cms Ridhima Pandit replaces Priya Raina in Sonali Jaffar's TV show]</ref>

==Filmography==
===Films===
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
! Year
! Movie name
! Role
! Language
|-
| 2020
|''[[Shimla Mirchi]]''
| Sonu
| Hindi
|}
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
! Year
! Web Series Name
! Role
! Language
|-
| 2022
|''[[Rocket Boys (web series)]]''
| Pratima Puri
| Hindi
|}

===Television===
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
|-
| 2009
| ''[[India's Got Talent]]''
| Contestant
|-
| 2011
| ''[[Comedy Circus]] Ka Naya Daur''
| Contestant
|-
| 2012
| [[Movers & Shakers (TV series)|''Movers & Shakers'']]
| Various characters
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Fakebook with Kavita]]''
| Various characters
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Comedy Classes]]''
| Various characters
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Maharakshak: Aryan]]''
| Jal Mann / Goddess
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Reporters (Indian TV series)|Reporters]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.desi-serials.tv/priya-raina-enter-reporters/82782/|title=Priya Raina to enter Reporters!|date=26 June 2015|website=www.desi-serials.tv}}</ref>''
| Author Nalini
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon? Ek Baar Phir]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Priya-Raina-to-enter-Iss-Pyaar-Ko-Kya-Naam-Doon/articleshow/47080967.cms|title=Priya Raina to enter 'Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon?'|date=28 April 2015|work=The Times of India}}</ref>''
| Dr. Surbhi
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Mazaak Mazaak Mein]]''
| Various characters
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Har Mard Ka Dard]]''
| Professor Rastogi
|-
| 2017–2018
| ''[[Sajan Re Phir Jhooth Mat Bolo]]''
| Kangana Kalia (KK), Fake Daimaa
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Kya Haal, Mr. Paanchal?]]''
| Mohini
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Super Sisters - Chalega Pyar Ka Jaadu]]''
| Dr. Tanushree
|}

==Dubbing roles==
===Live action films===
====Foreign language films====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Film title !! Actress !! Character !! Dub Language !! Original Language !! Original Year release !! Dub Year release !! Notes
|-
| ''[[Star Wars: The Force Awakens]]'' || [[Daisy Ridley]] || [[Rey (Star Wars)|Rey]] || Hindi || English || 2015 || 2015 ||
|-
| ''[[Star Wars: The Last Jedi]]'' || [[Daisy Ridley]] || [[Rey (Star Wars)|Rey]] || Hindi || English || 2017 || 2017 ||
|-
| ''[[Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker]]'' || [[Daisy Ridley]] || [[Rey (Star Wars)|Rey]] || Hindi || English || 2019 || 2019 ||
|}

====Indian films====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Film title !! Actress !! Character !! Dub Language !! Original Language !! Original Year release !! Dub Year release !! Notes
|-
|''[[Welcome 2 Karachi]]''
|[[Lauren Gottlieb]]
|ISI Agent Shazia Ansari
| colspan="2" |Hindi
| colspan="2" |2015
| rowspan="2" |Due to the actresses' poor knowledge of Hindi, Priya's voice replaced theirs, even though the films had already been shot in Hindi.
|-
|''[[Kyaa Kool Hain Hum 3]]''
|[[Mandana Karimi]]
|Shaalu Karjatiya
| colspan="2" |Hindi
| colspan="2" |2016
|-
|''[[Hate Story 4]]''
|Rita Siddiqui
|Monica
| colspan="2" |Hindi
| colspan="2" |2018
|
|-
| ''[[Aravinda Sametha Veera Raghava]]'' || [[Pooja Hegde]] || Aravindha || Hindi || Telugu || 2018 || 2020 || Performed alongside Sanket Mhatre who voiced [[Jr. NTR]] as Veera Raghava Reddy in Hindi.
|-
|''[[Saakshyam]]''
|[[Pooja Hegde]]
|Soundarya Lahari
|Hindi
|Telugu
|2018
|2020
|
|-
| ''[[Jagame Thandhiram]]'' || [[Aishwarya Lekshmi]] || Attila || Hindi || Tamil || 2021 || 2021 || Performed alongside Sachin Gole who voiced [[Dhanush]] as Suruli in Hindi.
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|5846715}}
* {{Facebook|rjpriya.raina}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raina, Priya}}
[[Category:1988 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Indian voice actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]
[[Category:Kashmiri people]]
[[Category:Kashmiri Pandits]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]

JIS College of Engineering

2026-02-09T15:16:46Z

SilasCorrie: general fix section based on references and improved wording

{{Short description|Engineering College of West Bengal, India}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox university
| name = JIS College of Engineering
| image_name = JISCE Campus.jpg
| caption = JISCE Campus
| established = {{start date and age|2000}}
| founder = Sardar Jodh Singh
| type = Engineering college
| parent = JIS Group Educational Initiatives
| principal = Partha Sarkar
| address = Block A, Phase III
| city = [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| country = India
| postcode = 741235
| coordinates = {{coord|22.9592018|N|88.4466785|E|region:IN-WB_type:edu|display=title,inline}}
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India
| campus = Urban
| affiliations = {{hlist|[[Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology|MAKAUT]]|[[All India Council for Technical Education|AICTE]]|[[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]]|[[National Board of Accreditation|NBA]]}}
| website = {{URL|www.jiscollege.ac.in}}
| logo = JIS_College_of_Engineering_Logo.png
}}
'''JIS College of Engineering''' is a college located in [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]], [[West Bengal]], India. The college was established in 2000.The Institution is declared Autonomous by the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] (UGC) in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Colleges|url=https://ugc.ac.in/subpage/Autonomous_Colleges.aspx|access-date=2020-08-09|website=ugc.ac.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ugc.ac.in/oldpdf/colleges/autonomous_colleges-list.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=9 August 2020 |archive-date=25 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925161355/https://www.ugc.ac.in/oldpdf/colleges/autonomous_colleges-list.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2022, the college was accredited by [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]] with Grade-A. It is affiliated to Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal (MAKAUT, WB).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wbut.ac.in/page.php?id=194|title = MAKAUT, WB - Affiliated Colleges of MAKAUT, WB}}</ref> The institute is ranked by [[National Institutional Ranking Framework|NIRF]] in the range of 201–250 in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MHRD, National Institute Ranking Framework (NIRF)|url=https://www.nirfindia.org/2021/EngineeringRanking150.html|access-date=2021-09-20|website=www.nirfindia.org|archive-date=28 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928202701/https://www.nirfindia.org/2021/EngineeringRanking150.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the Atal Ranking of Institutions on Innovation Achievements (ARIIA) 2020, the institute has secured a place in Band B (Rank Between 26th–50th)<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=ARIIA Ranking 2020 Report|url=https://www.ariia.gov.in/pdf/ARIIA%20Rankings%202020%20Report.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229054229/https://www.ariia.gov.in/pdf/ARIIA%20Rankings%202020%20Report.pdf|archive-date=29 December 2021|access-date=1 September 2020|website=Atal Ranking of Institutions on Innovation Achievements (ARIIA)|url-status=dead}}</ref> among Private or Self-Financed College/Institutes in India. On 1 September 2020, the institute celebrated its 20th Birthday.

==Programs==

=== Engineering ===

* B. Tech Agricultural Engineering
* B. Tech Biomedical Engineering
* B. Tech Civil Engineering
* B. Tech Computer Science and Engineering
* B. Tech Computer Science and Technology
* B. Tech Computer Science and Engineering (AI & ML)
* B. Tech Electrical Engineering
* B. Tech Electronics and Communication Engineering
* B. Tech Information Technology
* B. Tech Mechanical Engineering
* M. Tech Computer Science and Engineering
* M. Tech Electrical Devices & Power System
* M. Tech Mechanical Engineering
* M. Tech Mobile Communication and Networking Technology
* Diploma in Electrical Engineering
* Diploma in Mechanical Engineering

=== Management ===

* MBA
* BBA
* BBA in Digital Marketing
* BBA in Hospital Management
* B.Sc. in Hospitality and Hotel Administration

=== Computer Application ===

* MCA
* BCA

==See also==
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
*[[List of institutions of higher education in West Bengal]]
*[[Education in India]]
*[[Education in West Bengal]]
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website|http://www.jiscollege.ac.in/}}
* [https://makautwb.ac.in/page.php?id=194 Makaut, WB affiliated colleges]

{{Nadia topics}}
{{West Bengal University of Technology}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Engineering colleges in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Nadia district]]
[[Category:Colleges affiliated to West Bengal University of Technology]]
[[Category:Kalyani, West Bengal]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 2000]]
[[Category:2000 establishments in West Bengal]]

{{Kolkata-university-stub}}

Jagdishpur, Sultanpur

2026-02-08T14:25:07Z

SilasCorrie: adding entry - done

{{other uses|Jagdishpur (disambiguation){{!}}Jagdishpur}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jagdishpur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Jagdīspur
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Jagdishpur block map (Sultanpur).png
| map_caption = Map showing Jagdishpur CD block
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.456357|N|81.618961|E|display=inline,title}}<ref name="GeoNames">{{cite web |url=https://geonames.nga.mil/namesgaz/ |website=Do a radial search using these coordinates here |title=Geonames Search}}</ref>
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Faizabad division|Faizabad]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Amethi district|Amethi]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 70
| population_total =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Urdu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 227806
| registration_plate =
| website = www.upgov.in
| footnotes =
}}
'''Jagdishpur''' is a town,<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> [[community development block]],<ref name="Census 2011"/> and former [[pargana]] in [[Musafirkhana]] tehsil of [[Amethi district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Sultanpur, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=94–111 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/09/0948_PART_A_DCHB_SULTANPUR.pdf |website=Census 2011 India|access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref><ref name="Gazetteer 1903">{{cite book |last1=Nevill |first1=H.R. |title=Sultanpur: A Gazetteer, Being Volume XLVI Of The District Gazetteers Of The United Provinces Of Agra And Oudh |date=1903 |publisher=Government Press |location=Allahabad |pages=183–6 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.113213 |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref> It is also called [[Nihalgarh Chak Jangla|Nihalgarh]], [[Nihalgarh Chak Jangla|Chak Jangla]], or Nihalgarh-Jagdispur.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> The distinction is that Jagdishpur was the original village, Chak Jangla was an outlying hamlet of Jagdishpur, and Nihalgarh was a fort built in Chak Jangla in the early 1700s and that no longer exists.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> The town is located at the crossroads between the [[Lucknow]]-[[Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh|Jaunpur]] and [[Raebareli]]-[[Faizabad]] highways.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/>

==History==
Jagdishpur was originally named after a [[Brahmin]] [[zamindar]] named Jagdis who lived at the time when the area was ruled by the [[Bhar]]s.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> In 1715, the Bhale Sultan leader Nihal Khan established a fort at the outlying hamlet of Chak Jangla.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> He named the fort Nihalgarh after himself, and a town sprang up around it that came to eclipse Jagdishpur proper.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> In 1750, the [[tehsildar]] Mirza Latif Beg besieged and captured Nihalgarh; he then made it his residence.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> Up to that time, there had been two [[pargana]]s in the area at [[Kishni, Sultanpur|Kishni]] and [[Sathin]] (or Satanpur), but either Nihal Khan or Mirza Latif Beg united the two parganas into one based at Jagdishpur.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> Sometime after 1750 but before the 20th century, the fort of Nihalgarh was torn down.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/>

At the turn of the 20th century, the town of Jagdishpur/Nihalgarh had a police station, a middle vernacular school with about 150 students, and a registration office located at the Gulabganj sarai.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> It also had a small bazar, which mostly dealt in everyday goods like food and clothing, as well as brass vessels made by the [[Thathera]]s.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> There was only one masonry house, which had been built by a wealthy [[Agarwal]] Bania named Balmukand who had acquired a small estate by purchase and mortgage.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> Balmukand's successor, Bibi Rampiari, owned seven villages and two [[patti (land)|patti]]s in the area at the time.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> As of 1901, the population of the town was 2,121 people, including 1,168 Muslims.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/>

The [[1951 Census of India|1951 census]] recorded Jagdishpur as having a district board-run primary school, with 197 students in attendance as of 1 January of the year.<ref name="Census 1951">{{cite book |title=Census of India, 1951: District Census Handbook Uttar Pradesh (49 - Rae Bareli District) |date=1955 |location=Allahabad |pages=199 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/843/1/52301_1951_SUL.pdf |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref>

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Jagdishpur as having a police force of 2 sub-inspectors, 1 head constable, and 14 constables.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (44 - Sultanpur District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |pages=118, 121-2, 126, 128, 142-3 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1035/1/22847_1961_SUL.pdf |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref> It had a dispensary run by a local body with 12 male beds and 8 female beds, a maternity and child welfare centre, and a post office.<ref name="Census 1961"/> Average attendance of the Dussehra festival was about 1,500 people then.<ref name="Census 1961"/>

==Villages==
Jagdishpur CD block has the following 91 villages:<ref name="Census 2011"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Village name
! Total land area (hectares)
! Population (in 2011)
|-
| [[Banbhariya]] || 756.9 || 4,800
|-
| [[Sitauli]] || 358.8 || 2,338
|-
| [[Dhudehri]] || 326.9 || 3,087
|-
| [[Rajkheta]] || 108 || 725
|-
| [[Palia Paschim]] || 477.8 || 3,541
|-
| [[Koilesh Mubaraqpur]] || 499.3 || 3,841
|-
| [[Sendurwa]] || 494 || 5,506
|-
| [[Kamrauli]] || 396.3 || 4,453
|-
| [[Utelwa]] || 429.2 || 2,552
|-
| [[Niyawa]] || 209.9 || 2,760
|-
| [[Sarai Alam]] || 120.9 || 652
|-
| [[Ankara, Sultanpur|Ankara]] || 70.6 || 701
|-
| [[Shahpur Allad Husain]] || 107.3 || 793
|-
| [[Mangrauli]] || 97 || 1,783
|-
| [[Bagmira]] || 108 || 1,255
|-
| [[Rasta Mau, Sultanpur|Rasta Mau]] || 274.7 || 3,943
|-
| [[Lakhanipur]] || 155.4 || 1,817
|-
| [[Daulatpur Nisura]] || 358.9 || 3,169
|-
| [[Pure Moti Shukul]] || 30.2 || 366
|-
| [[Mirapur]] || 199.5 || 1,058
|-
| [[Gadriya Dih]] || 314.5 || 4,187
|-
| [[Deokali, Sultanpur|Deokali]] || 269.8 || 4,602
|-
| [[Mau Atwara]] || 554.6 || 4,551
|-
| [[Makhdum Pur]] || 117.8 || 865
|-
| [[Nihal Pur]] || 82.6 || 1,525
|-
| [[Mohuddinpur]] || 70.8 || 854
|-
| [[Katehti]] || 237.5 || 2,658
|-
| [[Ashrafpur, Sultanpur|Ashrafpur]] || 86.1 || 1,224
|-
| [[Matiyari Kalan]] || 207.6 || 1,165
|-
| [[Pichhuti]] || 421.4 || 2,686
|-
| [[Nasirabad, Sultanpur|Nasirabad]] || 128.5 || 870
|-
| [[Kachnaaw]] || 530.2 || 4,989
|-
| [[Thauri, Sultanpur|Thauri]] || 731.4 || 6,916
|-
| [[Dichauli]] || 503.3 || 4,346
|-
| [[Alinagar, Sultanpur|Alinagar]] || 80.3 || 1,024
|-
| [[Purab Gaon]] || 224.8 || 2,680
|-
| [[Jalalpur Mafi]] || 79.6 || 691
|-
| [[Bhikhanpur]] || 66.7 || 1,643
|-
| [[Daulatpur Lonhat]] || 407.5 || 6,910
|-
| [[Moh Mau]] || 390.1 || 4,412
|-
| [[Husain Ganj Kalan]] || 480.2 || 4,009
|-
| [[Namadar Pur]] || 46.8 || 722
|-
| [[Kaima, Sultanpur|Kaima]] || 307.6 || 2,332
|-
| [[Imli Gaon]] || 373.9 || 4,386
|-
| [[Bechu Garh]] || 163.6 || 1,237
|-
| [[Tanda, Sultanpur|Tanda]] || 558.9 || 5,851
|-
| [[Khairatpur]] || 183.2 || 2,278
|-
| [[Parwej Pur]] || 126.5 || 1,039
|-
| [[Mangauli]] || 359.4 || 2,866
|-
| [[Sohrat Singh]] || 27.5 || 1,175
|-
| [[Ranka Pur]] || 76.3 || 835
|-
| [[Mohabbat Pur]] || 353.9 || 2,341
|-
| [[Misharauli]] || 269.2 || 2,120
|-
| [[Bagahi, Sultanpur|Bagahi]] || 258.1 || 2,292
|-
| [[Sindhiyawan]] || 466.8 || 7,418
|-
| [[Arifpur]] || 23.7 || 296
|-
| [[Loshan Pur]] || 90.8 || 461
|-
| [[Garha, Sultanpur|Garha]] || 83.7 || 874
|-
| [[Malawa, Jagdishpur, Sultanpur|Malawa]] || 113.3 || 1,496
|-
| [[Mangraura, Sultanpur|Mangraura]] || 128.6 || 1,585
|-
| [[Sarai Hetan]] || 42.3 || 447
|-
| [[Dulari Nagar]] || 835.8 || 2,846
|-
| [[Jalal Pur Tiwari]] || 362.4 || 3,588
|-
| [[Urwa, Sultanpur|Urwa]] || 135.1 || 1,047
|-
| [[Nisura]] || 205.9 || 2,283
|-
| [[Mirapur Nisura]] || 41.6 || 288
|-
| [[Mubarakpur, Jagdishpur, Sultanpur|Mubarakpur]] || 102.4 || 1,658
|-
| [[Maraucha Tetarpur]] || 236.3 || 1,216
|-
| [[Uttar Gaon]] || 305.1 || 3,272
|-
| [[Siryari]] || 119.9 || 1,094
|-
| [[Saresar]] || 176.8 || 2,971
|-
| [[Mohammad Pur]] || 108.6 || 701
|-
| [[Kapuripur, Sultanpur|Kapuripur]] || 102.8 || 1,235
|-
| [[Purab Gaon]] || 89.7 || 779
|-
| [[Badhauli, Jagdishpur, Sultanpur|Badhauli]] || 215.6 || 2,111
|-
| [[Mudupur Umraula]] || 381 || 2,938
|-
| [[Naudand]] || 328.6 || 2,948
|-
| [[Rampur Gosai]] || 55.7 || 473
|-
| [[Babu Pur Sharia]] || 180.4 || 2,672
|-
| [[Khau Pur]] || 148.4 || 761
|-
| [[Shesh Pur]] || 98 || 1,315
|-
| [[Hasawa Sukhn Pur]] || 165.4 || 1,721
|-
| [[Hasan Pur Jareye]] || 78.5 || 338
|-
| [[Itraur]] || 204.4 || 2,105
|-
| [[Dakkhin Gaon Mau]] || 323.1 || 3,443
|-
| [[Harimau]] || 246.7 || 4,001
|-
| [[Gunge Mau]] || 195.4 || 1,893
|-
| [[Gaimau]] || 255.6 || 1,617
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Sultanpur district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Sultanpur district]]
[[Category:Community development blocks in India]]

{{Sultanpur-geo-stub}}

Bijasan Mata Temple, Salkanpur

2026-02-06T13:56:53Z

SilasCorrie: Enhanced content and organization

{{short description|Temple in Salkanpur}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox Mandir
| name = Bijasan Mata Mandir Salkanpur
| image = Vindhyavasini Vijayasana Mata Temple, Salkanpur.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Madhya Pradesh
| map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh
| coordinates = {{coord|22.745174|77.479939|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| other_names =
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| district = Salkanpur is a village panchayat located in the Sehore district of Madhya Pradesh state, India.
| location = Salkanpur [[Rehti]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = [[Durga]]
| festivals = [[Navaratri]]
| architecture =
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website = https://sehore.nic.in/en/tourist-place/salkanpur-durga-temple/
}}

'''Vindhyawasini Mata Temple Salkanpur''' is a sacred Siddhpeeth of [[Vindhyavasini|Vindhyavasni]] Beejasan Devi (one of the incarnations of the Hindu goddess “[[Durga]]”), located on an 800-foot summit in the village of Salkanpur, near [[Rehti]], India.<ref>{{cite news | url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/salkanpur-devi-temple| title = salkanpur devi temple| date = 22 July 2020 | newspaper = Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url =https://sehore.nic.in/en/tourist-place/salkanpur-durga-temple/ | title = salkanpur durga temple| date = 16 July 2020 | website = government }}</ref> The stairs of the summit feature are around 1400.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bijasan Mata Temple {{!}} Soorma Bhopali|url=http://soormabhopali.org/visiting-places/bijasan-mata-temple|access-date=2020-08-13|website=soormabhopali.org|archive-date=26 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226191246/http://soormabhopali.org/visiting-places/bijasan-mata-temple|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Vindhyawasini Mata Temple Salkanpur {{!}} District Sehore, Government of Madhya Pradesh {{!}} India|url=https://sehore.nic.in/en/tourist-place/salkanpur-durga-temple/|access-date=2020-08-13|language=en-US}}</ref>

Salkanpur is located 70 km from [[Bhopal]], the capital of [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.naidunia.com/madhya-pradesh/sehore-salkanpur-temple-bijasan-mata-mandir-1325192| title = सीहोर : मां विजयासन धाम सलकनपुर| date = 21 Sep 2017| newspaper = Nai Dunia}}</ref> This temple is considered one of the holiest temples for Hindus in India.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Sehore district]]
[[Category:Durga temples]]

{{India-hindu-temple-stub}}
{{Bhopal-geo-stub}}

Koilwar Bridge

2026-02-05T04:31:22Z

SilasCorrie: basic refined page for consistency and added references

{{short description| India's oldest operational River bridge}}
{{Distinguish|New Koilwar Bridge}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox Bridge
|bridge_name = Koilwar Bridge
|native_name =
|image = Koilwarbridge.png
|caption = A view of 'Koilwar bridge'
|official_name = Abdul Bari Bridge
|carries = [[New Delhi]]-[[Patna]]-[[Howrah]] railway line
|crosses = [[Son River|River Sone]]
|locale = [[Koilwar]], [[Bhojpur district, Bihar|Bhojpur]], Bihar
|maint = [[Indian Railways]] (East-Central Railway Zone)
|id =
|designer = [[George Turnbull (civil engineer)|George Turnbull]]
|design = [[Lattice girder]]
|material = [[Concrete]] & [[steel]]
|spans =
|pierswater =
|mainspan =
|length = {{Convert|1440|m}}
|width =
|height =
|lanes = 2
|load =
|clearance =
|below =
|traffic =
|begin = 1856
|complete = 1862
|open = 4 November 1862
|closed =
|toll =
|map_cue =
|map_image =
|map_text =
|map_width =
|coordinates = {{coord|25.5658|N|84.7982|E|format=dms}}
|lat =
|long =
}}

'''Koilwar Bridge''', (officially '''Abdul Bari Bridge''') at [[Koilwar]] in [[Bhojpur district, Bihar|Bhojpur]] spans the [[Son River|Sone]] river. This 1.44 km long, 2-lane, rail-cum-road bridge connects the city of [[Arrah]] with [[Patna]], the capital of [[Bihar]] state in India. The bridge is named after Indian academic and social reformer [[Professor Abdul Bari|Prof. Abdul Bari]], and is presently the oldest operational railway bridge in India, standing since 4 November 1862. It is shown in the 1982 Oscar award winning film [[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]], directed by [[Richard Attenborough]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/money/report/must-see-indias-oldest-railway-bridges/20170306.htm|title=The ancient heritage behind our railway bridges}}</ref> From 1862 to 1900, Koilwar Bridge remained as the [[List of longest bridges above water in India|longest river bridge]] in India.

==About==

[[File:TurnbullSonRiversurvey1851.jpg|thumb|right|340px|A page from George Turnbull's 1851 notebook detailing his determining the approximate width of the mile-wide Sone River at the point where he decided that the bridge should be built. For the measurements he used his [[Hand compass|pocket compass]] and 22-yard [[Chain (unit)|chains]].<ref name=GTDiaries/>]]
[[File:Turnbull journey to survey Sone River Bridge 1851.jpg|thumb|left|420px|George Turnbull's 1851 diary of four of his 12-day overland journey from Calcutta (travelling by night) to Sone River, and his survey there.<ref name=GTDiaries>Diaries of [[George Turnbull (civil engineer)|George Turnbull]] (Chief Engineer, [[East Indian Railway Company]]) held at the Centre of South Asian Studies at [[Cambridge University]], England</ref>]]

The steel [[lattice girder]]{{citation needed|reason=Looks like a Pratt truss, not a lattice girder|date=August 2017}} Koilwar Bridge (known as Sone Bridge when it was built) was the longest bridge in the subcontinent when built: construction started in 1856, disrupted by the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Revolt of 1857]], and completed in 1862. A 2-lane-wide road ([[National Highway 922 (India)|Old NH 30]]) runs under the twin rail tracks. It connects [[Arrah]] on the west side to [[Bihta]], [[Danapur]] and [[Patna]] on the east side of Sone river.

The Koilwar Bridge was inaugurated by the then [[List of governors-general of India|Viceroy and Governor-General]] of India [[James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin|Lord Elgin]], who said, "... this magnificent bridge is exceeded in magnitude by only one bridge in the world". The bridge was designed by [[James Meadows Rendel (engineer)|James Meadows Rendel]] and [[Sir Matthew Digby Wyatt]]. It remained as the longest river bridge in the Indian subcontinent, till it was overtaken by the 3.05-km long [[Upper Sone Bridge]] (Nehru Setu) on 27 February 1900.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://irsme.nic.in/files/mmfiles/BRIDGES_RRB.pdf|title=Bridges: The Spectacular Feat of Indian Railways|publisher=National Informatics Centre|access-date=5 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305002840/http://irsme.nic.in/files/mmfiles/BRIDGES_RRB.pdf|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://irse.bravehost.com/IRHTML.htm |title = Indian Railway History Timeline |access-date = 6 July 2011 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://archive.today/20120714085533/http://irse.bravehost.com/IRHTML.htm |archive-date = 14 July 2012 |df = dmy-all }}</ref>

==History==
An initial survey of the bridge site was made on 17 February 1851<ref>''George Turnbull, C.E.'' Page 108 of the 437-page memoirs published privately 1893, scanned copy held in the British Library, London on compact disk since 2007</ref> by [[George Turnbull (civil engineer)|George Turnbull]], Chief Engineer of the [[East Indian Railway Company]]: he determined that the river then was {{convert|5350|ft}} feet across — the completed bridge was {{convert|5280|ft}} feet across. He settled on the site near Pures "''where the banks are well defined, and the channel had evidently for ages been confined within certain limits, proved by the existence of old Hindoo temples, far before the Mohammaden works at Muneer, built about 200 years'' [before 1851]."<ref name=GTDiaries />

By November 1859, both abutments and 16 of the 26 piers were being built and the well-sinking for the remaining piers progressing. By 21 December 1860, three of the iron spans were in place; 4572 tons of the estimated 5683 final tons of iron-work for the bridge had arrived from England.<ref>''The Early History of the East Indian Railway'' (pages 136-137) Hena Mukherjee, first published 1994 by Firma Private Limited, Calcutta</ref>

George Turnbull inspected the bridge and judged it complete on 4 November 1862.<ref name=GTDiaries/><ref>''George Turnbull, C.E.'' Page 198 of the 437-page memoirs published privately 1893, scanned copy held in the British Library, London on compact disk since 2007</ref> On 11, 12 and 13 December 1862, '' "a set of experiments with couple engines, testing the Keeul, Hullohur and Soane bridges, with an assembly of Government engineers, and our railing engineers; all very satisfactory." ''<ref name=GTDiaries/><ref>''George Turnbull, C.E.'' Page 199 of the 437-page memoirs published privately 1993, scanned copy held in the British Library, London on compact disk since 2007</ref> On 5 February 1863, a special train from [[Howrah station|Howrah]] took Turnbull, the [[Viceroy]] [[James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin|Lord Elgin]], Lt Governor [[Sir Cecil Beadon]] and others over two days to [[Benares]]: they alighted at the bridge and inspected it.<ref>Page 35 of ''History of the East Indian Railway'' by George Huddleston 1906.</ref> In Benares there was a [[Durbar (court)|durbar]] on 7 February to celebrate the building of the railway and particularly the bridging of the Sone, the largest tributary of the Ganges.<ref name=GTDiaries />

Sand erosion near the pillars of this old bridge has created structural problems recently.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iricen.gov.in/modules.php?name=Forums&file=viewtopic&p=9158 |title=Koelwar Bridge, Bihar, India |access-date=10 March 2009 |work=Bihar |publisher=indian railway |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100409094915/http://www.iricen.gov.in/modules.php?name=forums |archive-date=9 April 2010 }}</ref>

==New Koilwar Bridge==
A new 1.52 km long, 6-lane wide road bridge, parallel to the existing 2-lane wide Koilwar Bridge, has been inaugurated by Union Minister [[Nitin Gadkari]] on 10 December 2020.<ref>{{cite web |title=New Koilwar bridge to be named after Bihar mathematician: Nitin Gadkari |work=Dainik Jagran |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/patna-city-bihar-new-bridge-of-koilwar-to-be-named-after-mathematician-bashistha-narayan-singh-central-minister-nitin-gadkari-inaugurates-21152307.html}}</ref> [[New Koilwar Bridge]] or '''Vashishtha Narayan Setu''' is named after Indian mathematician and [[Padma Shri]] awardee [[Vashishtha Narayan Singh]].<ref>{{cite web |title= Nitin Gadkari opens 3 of 6 lanes of New Koilwar bridge|work=Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/gadkari-opens-three-of-six-new-koilwar-bridge-lanes/articleshow/79667235.cms}}</ref>

==See also==
* {{Portal-inline|India}}
* [[Digha–Sonpur Bridge]]
* [[Arrah-Chhapra Bridge]]
* [[New Koilwar Bridge]]
* [[List of road–rail bridges]]
* [[List of longest bridges above water in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{external media
| float=right
| video1=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tt41Ao37DmE Koilwar river bridge.MOV]
| video2=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mKm2tMdkl2c Koilwar Pool Soan River Abdul Bar]
}}
{{Railways in Bihar}}
{{Rivers in Bihar}}
{{Son basin}}
{{Patna Division topics}}

[[Category:Bridges in Bihar]]
[[Category:Railway bridges in India]]
[[Category:Road-rail bridges in India]]
[[Category:Bridges completed in 1862]]
[[Category:Rohtas district]]
[[Category:Road bridges in India]]
[[Category:1862 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Bridges over the Son River]]
[[Category:Patna district]]
[[Category:Bhojpur district, India]]

2025 Indian Supercross Racing League

2026-02-05T00:26:53Z

SilasCorrie: made new article

{{Short description|Indian motorcycle supercross league}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2025}}
'''2025 [[Indian Supercross Racing League]]''' is the second Season that will be held form October to December 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ISRL Season 2 sees massive return of international supercross icons |url=https://www.business-standard.com/sports/other-sports-news/isrl-season-2-sees-massive-return-of-international-supercross-icons-125051400574_1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250516100743/https://www.business-standard.com/sports/other-sports-news/isrl-season-2-sees-massive-return-of-international-supercross-icons-125051400574_1.html |archive-date=2025-05-16 |access-date=2025-10-21 |website=www.business-standard.com |language=en-US}}</ref> The first round will be held in Pune on 25 and 26 October 2025 and will then move to [[Telangana]] and [[Kerala]] in December for the final two rounds. After another round in [[Hyderabad]] on 6 and 7 December 2025, the season finale is scheduled to be held at [[Kozhikode]] on 20 and 21 December 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-20 |title=Indian Supercross Racing League: Calicut to Host Grand Finale |url=https://www.bikewale.com/news/indian-supercross-racing-league-calicut-to-host-grand-finale/ |access-date=2025-10-21 |website=BikeWale |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2025-08-05 |title=Indian Supercross Racing League Season 2 Schedule Announced |url=https://www.autox.com/motorsport-news/indian-supercross-racing-league-season-2-schedule-announced-121421/ |access-date=2025-10-21 |website=autoX |language=en}}</ref>

After the auction, 36 riders were selected for the second season from the 155 riders who took part in the bidding. American rider Kyle Peters topped the bidding process with the highest price while multiple National champion Rugved Barguje, was the best of the lot among the Indian riders. Jack Nunn became the youngest rider to be signed up in the 250cc category. All the six teams together spent about INR.60,000,000 in the bidding process to select their riders.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Gidithuri |first=Unnatee |title=2025 Indian Supercross Racing League calendar, riders revealed |url=https://www.autocarindia.com/motor-sports-news/2025-indian-supercross-racing-league-calendar-riders-revealed-436969 |access-date=2025-10-21 |website=Autocar India |language=en}}</ref> Top stars like [[Jordi Tixier]], Matt Moss, Reid Taylor and Thanarat Penjan will be back for the second season.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-05-17 |title=Indian Supercross Racing League Season 2 registers over 89 international athletes |url=https://auto.hindustantimes.com/auto/two-wheelers/indian-supercross-racing-league-season-2-registers-over-89-international-athletes-41747462214172.html |access-date=2025-10-21 |website=HT Auto |language=en}}</ref> Alexander Fedorstov, the American national champion of the AMA SMX Next, Adrien Escoffier of France, and Luke Clout of [[Australia]] are expected to line up for Season 2. Some Indian stars who confirmed during the auction are Ikshan Shanbhag and Sarthak Chavan, who is also a strong contender in the Indian national racing championship.<ref name=":1" />

Indewheelers Motorsports and Tricolour Motorsports will be the new teams in the second season replacing SG Speed Racers and Mohite's Racing Team.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Indewheelers Motorsports joins Indian Supercross Racing League season 2 as the newest franchise team |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/othersports/indewheelers-motorsports-joins-indian-supercross-racing-league-season-2-as-the-newest-franchise-team-9022814 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250814123822/https://sports.ndtv.com/othersports/indewheelers-motorsports-joins-indian-supercross-racing-league-season-2-as-the-newest-franchise-team-9022814 |archive-date=2025-08-14 |access-date=2025-10-21 |work=NDTV Sports}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Indewheelers is started by Vikram Dhar, who co-owns the team with entrepreneur Ajay Agrawal, backed by the Arabian Coast Group, which is expected to provide technical and financial backing their debut season in ISRL 2025.<ref name=":2" />

The other teams who made their debut in the inaugural year are 450cc and 250cc for international riders, and a separate 250cc category for Indian and Asian riders. BB Racing, Big Rock Motorsports SMX, Gujarat Trailblazers, and Reise Torqracers. There will be three classes. They are 450cc and 250cc for international riders, and a separate 250cc category for Indian and Asian riders.<ref name=":0" />

In July 2025, actor [[Salman Khan]] unveiled Season 2 after he was announced as the brand ambassador for the league.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Salman Khan unveils season two of Indian Supercross Racing League |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sports/salman-khan-unveils-season-two-of-indian-supercross-racing-league/ |access-date=2025-10-21 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Auto |date=2025-07-17 |title=Actor Salman Khan unveils season 2 of Indian Supercross Racing League |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/auto/latest-auto-news/story/actor-salman-khan-unveils-season-2-of-indian-supercross-racing-league-2757066-2025-07-17 |access-date=2025-10-21 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nalawade |first=Rohit |date=2025-07-17 |title=Indian Supercross Racing League Season 2 unveiled |url=https://www.evoindia.com/motorsport/motorsport-news/indian-supercross-racing-league-season-2-unveiled-587045 |access-date=2025-10-21 |website=EVO India |language=en}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="2" |Team
!owner
!Debut
!Riders
!
!Remarks
|-
|1
|BB Racing
|Panchshil Realty
|2024
|Jordi Tixier, Anthony Bourdon, Hunter Schlosser and Lane Shah, Athison Ruadreo, Jacques Gunavardena<ref name=":0" />
|
|
|-
|2
|BigRock Motorsports SX
|BigRock Dirt Park
[[CS Santosh]]
|2024
|John Short, Matt Moss, Slade Varola, Alexander Fedortsov, Thanarat Penjan, Nakami Makarim
|
|Season 1 winner
|-
|3
|Gujarat Trailblazers
|[[Gaurav Gill]]
Dhrumil Patel
|2024
|Adrien Escoffier, Boris Maillard, Enzo Polias, Julien Lebeau, Ben Hallgren, Delvintor Alfarizi,
|
|
|-
|4
|Indewheelers
|Vikram Dhar
Ajay Agrawal
|2025
|Maxime Desprey, Greg Aranda, Mickael Lamarque, Calvin Fonvieille, Ikshan Shanbhag, Witsarut Salangam
|
|New franchisee
|-
|5
|Tricolor KTM Racing
|Pradeep Lala
|2025
|Adrien Malaval, Paul Haberland, Hugo Manzato, Jack Nunn, Rugved Barguje, Diva Ismayana
|
|New franchisee
|-
|6
|Reise torqRacers
|Reise Moto
|2024
|Thomas Ramette, Joan Cros, Kyle Peters, Nico Koch, Ji Heon Song, M Zidane
|
|
|}

==Calendar and results==

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;"
|-
! Round
! Date
! Location
! Stadium
!450cc International Winner
!250cc International Winner
!250cc India & Asia Winner
|-
| 1
| 25-26 October
! [[Pune]]
! [[Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex]]
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Matt Moss]]
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Hunter Schlosser]]
| {{flagicon|THA}} [[Ben Hallgren]]
|-
| 2
| 5-6 December
! [[Hyderabad]]
! [[G. M. C. Balayogi Athletic Stadium]]
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Anthony Bourdon]]
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Calvin Fonvieille]]
| {{flagicon|INA}} Nakami Vidi Makarim
|-
| 3
| 20-21 December
! [[Calicut]]
! [[Kozhikode Corporation EMS Stadium]]
|
|
|
|-
|}

==Teams Championship==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 80%; text-align:center"
|- valign="top"
!valign="middle"| Pos
!valign="middle"| Team
! [[Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex|PUN]]
! [[G. M. C. Balayogi Athletic Stadium|HYD]]
! [[Kozhikode Corporation EMS Stadium|CAL]]
!valign="middle"| Points
|-
! 1
| Gujarat Trailblazers
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| 73
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| 145
|
! 218
|-
! 2
| Indewheelers Motorsports
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| 80
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| 137
|
! 217
|-
! 3
| BigRock Motorsports SX
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| 53
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| 159
|
! 212
|-
! 4
| BB Racing
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| 82
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| 96
|
! 178
|-
! 5
| Reise torqRacers
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| 46
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| 98
|
! 144
|-
! 6
| Tricolor KTM
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| 33
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| 99
|
! 132
|-
|- valign="top"
!valign="middle"| Pos
!valign="middle"| Team
! [[Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex|PUN]]
! [[G. M. C. Balayogi Athletic Stadium|HYD]]
! [[Kozhikode Corporation EMS Stadium|CAL]]
!valign="middle"| Points
|-
|}

==450cc International==
===Entry list===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;"
|-
!Team
!No
!Rider
!Rounds
|-
|rowspan=2| BigRock Motorsports SX
|align="right"| 1
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Matt Moss]]
| 1–2
|-
|align="right"| 199
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[John Short (motorcyclist)|John Short]]
| 1–2
|-
|rowspan=3| Reise torqRacers
|align="right"| 6
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Thomas Ramette]]
| 1
|-
|style="background:#ffcccc;" align="right"| 225
|style="background:#ffcccc;"| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Charles Lefrançois (motorcyclist)|Charles Lefrançois]]
| 2
|-
|align="right"| 848
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Juan Cros Cortes]]
| 1–2
|-
|rowspan=4| Indewheelers Motorsports
|align="right"| 20
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Greg Aranda]]
| 1
|-
|style="background:#ffcccc;" align="right"| 72
|style="background:#ffcccc;"| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Lucas Imbert]]
| 2
|-
|align="right"| 141
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Maxime Desprey]]
| 1
|-
|style="background:#ffcccc;" align="right"| 384
|style="background:#ffcccc;"| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Lorenzo Camporese]]
| 2
|-
|rowspan=3| BB Racing
|style="background:#ffcccc;" align="right"| 58
|style="background:#ffcccc;"| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Justin Rodbell]]
| 2
|-
|align="right"| 911
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jordi Tixier]]
| 1
|-
|align="right"| 945
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Anthony Bourdon]]
| 1–2
|-
|rowspan=2| Tricolor KTM
|align="right"| 91
| {{flagicon|GER}} [[Paul Haberland]]
| 1–2
|-
|align="right"| 131
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Adrien Malaval]]
| 1–2
|-
|rowspan=2| Gujarat Trailblazers
|align="right"| 137
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Adrien Escoffier]]
| 1–2
|-
|align="right"| 727
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Boris Maillard]]
| 1–2
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 80%; text-align:center"
|- valign="top"
!valign="middle"| Pos
!valign="middle"| Team
! [[Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex|PUN]]
! [[G. M. C. Balayogi Athletic Stadium|HYD]]
! [[Kozhikode Corporation EMS Stadium|CAL]]
!valign="middle"| Points
|-
! 1
|align=left| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Matt Moss]]
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| 1
|
|
! 34
|-
! 2
|align=left| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jordi Tixier]]
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| 2
|
|
! 17
|-
! 3
|align=left| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Greg Aranda]]
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| 3
|
|
! 15
|-
! 4
|align=left| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Anthony Bourdon]]
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| 4
|1
|
! 40
|-
! 5
|align=left| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Maxime Desprey]]
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| 5
|
|
! 11
|-
! 6
|align=left| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Adrien Escoffier]]
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| 6
|
|
! 28
|-
! 7
|align=left| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Boris Maillard]]
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| 7
|
|
! 18
|-
! 8
|align=left| {{flagicon|GER}} [[Paul Haberland]]
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| 8
|
|
! 13
|-
! 9
|align=left| {{flagicon|USA}} [[John Short (motorcyclist)|John Short]]
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| 9
|
|
! 23
|-
! 10
|align=left| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Adrien Malaval]]
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| 10
|
|
! 13
|-
! 11
|align=left| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Thomas Ramette]]
|style="background:#cfcfff;"| 11
|
|
! 5
|-
! 12
|align=left| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Juan Cros Cortes]]
|style="background:#cfcfff;"| 12
|
|
! 4
|-
|- valign="top"
!valign="middle"| Pos
!valign="middle"| Team
! [[Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex|PUN]]
! [[G. M. C. Balayogi Athletic Stadium|HYD]]
! [[Kozhikode Corporation EMS Stadium|CAL]]
!valign="middle"| Points
|-
|}

==250cc International==
===Entry list===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;"
|-
!Team
!No
!Rider
!Rounds
|-
|rowspan=2| Indewheelers Motorsports
|align="right"| 11
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Calvin Fonvieille]]
| 1–2
|-
|align="right"| 22
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Mickaël Lamarque]]
| 1–2
|-
|rowspan=2| Tricolor KTM
|align="right"| 27
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Hugo Manzato]]
| 1–2
|-
|align="right"| 29
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Jack Nunn]]
| 1–2
|-
|rowspan=2| BigRock Motorsports SX
|align="right"| 49
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Caleb Goullet]]
| 1–2
|-
|align="right"| 805
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Slade Varola]]
| 1–2
|-
|rowspan=2| BB Racing
|align="right"| 129
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Lane Shaw]]
| 1–2
|-
|align="right"| 173
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Hunter Schlosser]]
| 1–2
|-
|rowspan=2| Gujarat Trailblazers
|align="right"| 259
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Julien Lebeau]]
| 1–2
|-
|align="right"| 335
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Enzo Polias]]
| 1–2
|-
|rowspan=2| Reise torqRacers
|align="right"| 260
| {{flagicon|GER}} [[Nico Koch]]
| 1–2
|-
|align="right"| 851
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Clément Briatte]]
| 1–2
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 80%; text-align:center"
|- valign="top"
!valign="middle"| Pos
!valign="middle"| Team
! [[Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex|PUN]]
! [[G. M. C. Balayogi Athletic Stadium|HYD]]
! [[Kozhikode Corporation EMS Stadium|CAL]]
!valign="middle"| Points
|-
! 1
|align=left| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Hunter Schlosser]]
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| 1
|
|
! 20
|-
! 2
|align=left| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Calvin Fonvieille]]
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| 2
|
|
! 17
|-
! 3
|align=left| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Mickaël Lamarque]]
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| 3
|
|
! 15
|-
! 4
|align=left| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Lane Shaw]]
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| 4
|
|
! 13
|-
! 5
|align=left| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Julien Lebeau]]
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| 5
|
|
! 11
|-
! 6
|align=left| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Slade Varola]]
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| 6
|
|
! 10
|-
! 7
|align=left| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Clément Briatte]]
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| 7
|
|
! 9
|-
! 8
|align=left| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Jack Nunn]]
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| 8
|
|
! 8
|-
! 9
|align=left| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Caleb Goullet]]
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| 9
|
|
! 7
|-
! 10
|align=left| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Enzo Polias]]
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| 10
|
|
! 6
|-
! 11
|align=left| {{flagicon|GER}} [[Nico Koch]]
|style="background:#cfcfff;"| 11
|
|
! 5
|-
!
|align=left| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Hugo Manzato]]
|style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret
|
|
! 0
|-
|- valign="top"
!valign="middle"| Pos
!valign="middle"| Team
! [[Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex|PUN]]
! [[G. M. C. Balayogi Athletic Stadium|HYD]]
! [[Kozhikode Corporation EMS Stadium|CAL]]
!valign="middle"| Points
|-
|}

==250cc India & Asia==
===Entry list===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;"
|-
!Team
!No
!Rider
!Rounds
|-
|rowspan=2| BigRock Motorsports SX
|align="right"| 1
| {{flagicon|THA}} [[Thanarat Penjan]]
| 1–2
|-
|align="right"| 21
| {{flagicon|IDN}} [[Nakami Vidi Makarim]]
| 1–2
|-
|rowspan=2| Reise torqRacers
|align="right"| 4
| {{flagicon|IDN}} [[Mohammad Zidane]]
| 1–2
|-
|align="right"| 100
| {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Song Jiheon]]
| 1–2
|-
|rowspan=2| Tricolor KTM
|align="right"| 9
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rugved Barguje]]
| 1–2
|-
|align="right"| 32
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Prajwal Vishwanath]]
| 1–2
|-
|rowspan=2| Gujarat Trailblazers
|align="right"| 31
| {{flagicon|THA}} [[Ben Hallgren]]
| 1–2
|-
|align="right"| 325
| {{flagicon|IDN}} [[Delvintor Alfarizi]]
| 1–2
|-
|rowspan=2| Indewheelers Motorsports
|align="right"| 46
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ikshan Shanbhag]]
| 1–2
|-
|align="right"| 154
| {{flagicon|THA}} [[Witsarut Salangam]]
| 1–2
|-
|rowspan=2| BB Racing
|align="right"| 99
| {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Jacques Gunawardena]]
| 1–2
|-
|align="right"| 112
| {{flagicon|THA}} [[Athison Ruadreo]]
| 1–2
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 80%; text-align:center"
|- valign="top"
!valign="middle"| Pos
!valign="middle"| Team
! [[Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex|PUN]]
! [[G. M. C. Balayogi Athletic Stadium|HYD]]
! [[Kozhikode Corporation EMS Stadium|CAL]]
!valign="middle"| Points
|-
! 1
|align=left| {{flagicon|THA}} [[Ben Hallgren]]
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| 1
|
|
! 20
|-
! 2
|align=left| {{flagicon|IDN}} [[Delvintor Alfarizi]]
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| 2
|
|
! 17
|-
! 3
|align=left| {{flagicon|THA}} [[Witsarut Salangam]]
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| 3
|
|
! 15
|-
! 4
|align=left| {{flagicon|IDN}} [[Mohammad Zidane]]
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| 4
|
|
! 13
|-
! 5
|align=left| {{flagicon|THA}} [[Athison Ruadreo]]
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| 5
|
|
! 11
|-
! 6
|align=left| {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Song Jiheon]]
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| 6
|
|
! 10
|-
! 7
|align=left| {{flagicon|THA}} [[Thanarat Penjan]]
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| 7
|
|
! 9
|-
! 8
|align=left| {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Jacques Gunawardena]]
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| 8
|
|
! 8
|-
! 9
|align=left| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ikshan Shanbhag]]
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| 9
|
|
! 7
|-
! 10
|align=left| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Prajwal Vishwanath]]
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| 10
|
|
! 6
|-
! 11
|align=left| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rugved Barguje]]
|style="background:#cfcfff;"| 11
|
|
! 5
|-
!
|align=left| {{flagicon|IDN}} [[Nakami Vidi Makarim]]
|style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret
|
|
! 0
|-
|- valign="top"
!valign="middle"| Pos
!valign="middle"| Team
! [[Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex|PUN]]
! [[G. M. C. Balayogi Athletic Stadium|HYD]]
! [[Kozhikode Corporation EMS Stadium|CAL]]
!valign="middle"| Points
|-
|}

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Motorsport competitions in India|Supercross Racing League]]
[[Category:2025 in motorcycle sport|Indian Supercross Racing League]]
[[Category:2025 in Indian motorsport|Supercross Racing League]]

Sports Authority of India

2026-02-02T10:30:37Z

SilasCorrie: edit

{{Short description|National sports body of India}}
{{Distinguish|Sports Authority}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox government agency
| name = Sports Authority of India
| seal =
| logo = Sports Authority of India logo.svg
| logo_size = 200px
| logo_caption =
| formed = {{start date and years ago|1984|df=y|p=y}}
| jurisdiction = India
| headquarters = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Delhi|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]], [[Lodi Road]], [[Delhi]],
| employees =
| budget = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|3062.60|c|lk=on|year=2021}} {{small|(2022–23 [[Fiscal year|FY]])}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiabudget.gov.in/doc/eb/sumsbe.pdf |format=PDF|title=Ministry wise Summary of Budget Provisions|date=February 2022|website=Indiabudget.gov.in|access-date=7 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sports Desk |date=1 February 2022 |title=Budget 2022: Central government announces hike in sports budget |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/budget-2022-central-government-announces-hike-in-sports-budget-7751461/#:~:text=The%20total%20budget%20allocated%20for%20sports%20now%20stands%20at%20Rs%203062.60%20cr.&text=Last%20year%20(for%202021%2D22,crore%20in%20the%20sports%20budget. |access-date=7 August 2022}}</ref>
| chief1_name = [[Mansukh Mandaviya]]
| chief1_position = Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports
| chief2_name = [[Raksha Khadse]]
| chief2_position = Minister of State for Youth Affairs and Sports
| parent_department = [[Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports]]
| parent_agency =
| website = {{url|https://sportsauthorityofindia.nic.in/sai_new/}}
}}

[[File:Sports Authority of India.png|thumb|right|SAI Training centres across India ({{circa|2014}})]]

The '''Sports Authority of India''', '''SAI''', was set up in 1984 to carry forward the legacy of the [[1982 Asian Games]] held in [[New Delhi]] under the Department of Sports. SAl has been entrusted with promoting [[sport in India]] and achieving sporting excellence at the national and international level.

SAI, an autonomous body under the [[Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports]], [[Government of India]], is the Apex National Sports Body of India, for the development of sport in India. SAI has two sports academies, 12 regional centres, 23 national centres of excellence, 67 sports training centres, 30 extension centres of STC and 69 national sports talent content schemes.<ref name="sai1">{{Cite web |url=http://www.sportsauthorityofindia.nic.in/index1.asp?ls_id=739 |title=SAI centres and institutes on map |access-date=15 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115080952/http://sportsauthorityofindia.nic.in/index1.asp?ls_id=739 |archive-date=15 November 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="sai2">[http://www.sportsauthorityofindia.nic.in/index1.asp?ls_id=627 SAI Centres of Excellence] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116023110/http://www.sportsauthorityofindia.nic.in/index1.asp?ls_id=627 |date=16 November 2017 }}.</ref><ref name="sai4">{{Cite web |url=http://nationalsportstalenthunt.in/iFileSAI/showCenter/showCenterPage |title=SAI entities list |access-date=15 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116024627/http://nationalsportstalenthunt.in/iFileSAI/showCenter/showCenterPage |archive-date=16 November 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In addition, SAI also manages [[Netaji Subhash High Altitude Training Centre]], as well as five stadiums in New Delhi, such as [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Delhi|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]], [[Indira Gandhi Arena]], [[Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium]], [[SPM Swimming Pool Complex]] and [[Dr. Karni Singh Shooting Range]].

The two SAI Sports Academies are [[Netaji Subhas National Institute of Sports]] in [[Patiala]] and [[Lakshmibai National College of Physical Education]] in [[Thiruvananthapuram]], conducting research and running certificate to [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] level courses in [[physical education]] and [[sports medicine]].<ref name=sai1/><ref name=sai4/>

SAI Regional Centres are located at [[Chandigarh]], [[Zirakpur]], [[Sonipat]], [[Lucknow]], [[Guwahati]], [[Imphal]], [[Kolkata]], [[Bhopal]], [[Bangalore|Bengaluru]], [[Mumbai]], and [[Gandhinagar]].<ref name=sai1/><ref name=sai4/><ref name=sai5/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://halfwayfootball.com/minerva-academy-new-residential-program-at-bengaluru-sai-facility/|title=Minerva Academy Revolutionizes Indian Football with New Residential Program at Bengaluru SAI Facility|date=17 June 2023|access-date=17 June 2023|first=Anson|last=Jaison|website=halfwayfootball.com|publisher=Halfway Football India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230617104035/https://halfwayfootball.com/minerva-academy-new-residential-program-at-bengaluru-sai-facility/|archive-date=17 June 2023}}</ref>

Special Area Games are located at [[Kargil]], [[Kishanganj]], [[Gidhaur]], [[Ranchi]], [[Namchi]], [[Naharlagun]], [[Kokrajhar]], [[Tinsukia]], [[Imphal]], [[Nambol|Utlou]], [[Agartala]], [[Aizawl]], [[Bolpur]], [[Jagatpur, India|Jagatpur]] (Odisha), [[Sundergarh]], [[Dhar]], [[Port Blair]], [[Alappuzha]], [[Thalassery|Tellicherry]], and [[Mayiladuthurai]].<ref name=sai4/>

== History ==
On 7 May 1961, the [[Netaji Subhas National Institute of Sports|National Institute of Sports]] (NIS) was set up for the development of sports at the [[Moti Bagh Palace|Motibagh Palace]] grounds in [[Patiala]]. On 23 January 1973, it was renamed [[Netaji Subhas National Institute of Sports]] (NSNIS).

The Sports Authority of India originated with the committee formed to host the 1982 Asian Games in New Delhi. SAI was set up as a Society registered under Societies Act, 1860 in pursuance of the Resolution No. 1-1/83/SAI dated 25 January 1984 of the Department of Sports, Government of India with the objective of promotion of Sports and Games as detailed in the Resolution. On 1 May 1987, the "Society for National Institute of Physical Education and Sports" (SNIPES) was merged with SAI, and as a result, the [[Netaji Subhas National Institute of Sports]] (NSNIS) at Patiala and its allied centres at [[Bhopal]], [[Bangalore]], [[Kolkata]] and [[Gandhinagar]], and the [[Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education]] at [[Thiruvananthapuram]] also came under SAI. The [[Netaji Subhas National Institute of Sports]] at Patiala and the [[Lakshmibai National College of Physical Education|Lakshmibai National University of Physical Education]] at [[Thiruvananthapuram]] became its academic wings. In 1995, [[Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education|Lakshmibai National University of Physical Education]] at [[Gwalior]] became a separate "[[Deemed university|Deemed University]]."<ref name=sai5>{{cite web | title = Introduction | publisher = Sports Authority of India, Government of India | url = http://www.sportsauthorityofindia.nic.in/index2.asp?slid=210&sublinkid=116&langid=1 | access-date = 13 August 2014 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130726184128/http://sportsauthorityofindia.nic.in/index2.asp?slid=210&sublinkid=116&langid=1 | archive-date = 26 July 2013 | df = dmy-all }}</ref>

== SAI regional centres (SRC)s ==
Clockwise from north:<ref name=sai1/>
* SAI Netaji Subhas Regional Centre, [[Chandigarh]]
* SAI Chaudhary Devi Lal Northern Regional Centre, [[Sonipat]]
* SAI Netaji Subhas Regional Centre, Lucknow, [[Uttar Pradesh]]
* SAI Netaji Subhas North-East Regional Centre, [[Guwahati]]
* SAI Netaji Subhas North-East Regional Centre, [[Imphal]]
* SAI Netaji Subhas Eastern Centre, [[Kolkata]]
* SAI Udhav Das Mehta Bhaiji Central Centre, [[Bhopal]]
* SAI Netaji Subhas Southern Centre, [[Bengaluru]]
* SAI Regional Centre, [[Mumbai]]
* SAI Netaji Subhas Western Centre, [[Gandhinagar]]
* SAI Regional Centre, [[Thiruvananthapuram]]

== SAI academies ==
{{main|Netaji Subhas National Institute of Sports|Lakshmibai National College of Physical Education}}
[[File:NSNIS.png|thumb|300px|right|Netaji Subhash [[Netaji Subhas National Institute of Sports|National Institute of Sports]] (NSNIS), [[Patiala]].]]
[[File:LNCPE.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Lakshmibai National College of Physical Education (LNCPE), Thiruvananthapuram]]

SAI runs following two academic institutes that run graduate and post-graduate courses in sports medicine, sports and physical education to prepare coaches and allied sports support staff.<ref name=sai6>[http://sportsauthorityofindia.nic.in/index3.asp?sslid=232&subsublinkid=71&langid=1 SAi Academic courses] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104123122/http://sportsauthorityofindia.nic.in/index3.asp?sslid=232&subsublinkid=71&langid=1 |date=4 November 2011 }}</ref>
* [[Netaji Subhas National Institute of Sports]] (NSNIS) at Patiala
** Refresher Courses
** Certificate Course in [[Coach (sport)|Sports Coaching]] via SAI Regional Centres (SRC)s
** Diploma in Sports Coaching
** Post-graduate Diploma Course in [[Sports medicine]]
** Master's degree in Sports Coaching
* [[Lakshmibai National College of Physical Education]] (LNCPE) at Thiruvananthapuram
** [[Bachelor of Physical Education]] (BPE)
** [[Master of Physical Education]] (MPE)
** [[Doctor of Philosophy]] (PhD) Regular and Part-time

=== Sports sciences and medicine ===
[[File:Sports Science Centre.jpg|thumb|Sports Science Centre (Human Performance Lab)]]

In 1983, a "Department of Sports Science" was established at "NSNIS Patiala". From 1987 to 1990, "Sports science centres" with "Human Performance Lab" were set up at four regional centres. Basic sports science support staff scheme was implemented for national athletes and SAI schemes for children were introduced at various regional centres.

[[Sports science|Sports scientists]] from the fields of [[anthropometry]], [[sports biomechanics]], [[sports nutrition]], [[sport psychology]], [[Exercise physiology|sports physiology]], [[Physical therapy#Sports|physiotherapy]], and [[physical education]] (GTMT) undertake the research work to improve the performance of sportspersons. SAI has technical and research collaboration with various reputed Indian and foreign sports science and medical institutes. Doctors, physiotherapists, psychologists, nutritionists, coaches and experts from these friends are also deployed at SAI academies, regional centres, sports training centres and centre of excellences.<ref name=sai7>{{Cite web |url=http://sportsauthorityofindia.nic.in/showfileinner.asp?link_temp_id=1290 |title=SAI research fellows |access-date=15 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012122124/http://sportsauthorityofindia.nic.in/showfileinner.asp?link_temp_id=1290 |archive-date=12 October 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> SPARRC institute<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/encomiums-paid-to-sports-physician/article22787108.ece|title=Encomiums paid to sports physician|author=Staff Reporter|date=2018-02-18|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-11-17|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> and Indian Institute of Sports Medicine<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/education/for-medical-warriors/article19697698.ece|title=For medical warriors|last=Anantharam|first=Chitra Deepa|date=2017-09-17|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-11-17|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928093324/http://www.thehindu.com/education/for-medical-warriors/article19697698.ece|archive-date=28 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> recognized by Indian Government aim to provide non-invasive procedures for sorts injuries with advanced research in sports science.

== Training of Elite Athlete Management Support (TEAMS) ==
[[File:Hostel for Elite Sportspersons.jpg|thumb|Hostel for elite sportspersons]]

This is the backbone of SAI which provides support to the National Sports Federations (NSFs) in the preparation of National Teams which participate in various International events. The TEAMS Division coordinates the Long Term Development Plan of each NSF; provides logistics and training support at various academic institutions and other Regional Centres of SAI and also at selected training centres outside SAI. The TEAMS Division draws most of its funding under the Scheme of "Assistance to National Sports Federations" from Sports Ministry. The TEAMS Division also provides support to the NSFs in the hiring of foreign coaches and selection of the national coach for each NSF, who are responsible for the training of core probables for the National teams.

With active support from TEAMS Division, good results have been achieved in the international arena in the disciplines of Badminton, Judo, Shooting, Archery, Athletics, Weightlifting, Wrestling, Wushu, Boxing and Billiards and Snooker.

Under this Scheme of "Assistance to National Sports Federations", financial assistance is provided to recognised NSFs for training and participation of teams in international events abroad, organisation of national and international tournaments in India, coaching and training of national teams under Indian and foreign coaches with requisite technical and scientific support, procurement of equipment, etc.

== Engagement of foreign coaches ==
It is SAI's constant endeavor to engage expert foreign coaches on short term and long-term basis to train national coaching campers and facilitate knowledge exchange with Indian coaches.

== National coaching camps ==
In a year, SAI organises a number of national coaching camps in different disciplines in SAI centres and other centres for preparation of Indian teams for various national and international tournaments.

{| class="wikitable"
! S.No.
! Venue
|-
| 1.
| [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Delhi|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
|-
| 2.
| [[Indira Gandhi Arena|Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium]]
|-
| 3.
| [[Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium|Dhyan Chand National Stadium]]
|-
| 4.
| [[SPM Swimming Pool Complex|Dr. Syama Prasad Mookherjee Swimming Pool Complex]]
|-
| 5.
| [[Dr. Karni Singh Shooting Range]]
|-
| 6.
| [[Netaji Subhas National Institute of Sports]]
|-
| 7.
| [[Lakshmibai National College of Physical Education]]
|-
| 8.
| [[SAI Water Sports Centre Alappuzha]]
|-
| 9.
| [[SAI Netaji Subhas Eastern Centre]]
|-
| 10.
| [[SAI Udhav Das Mehta Bhaiji Central Centre]]
|-
| 11.
| [[SAI Netaji Subhash Regional Centre Lucknow]]
|-
| 12.
| [[SAI Netaji Subhash Western Centre]]
|-
| 13.
| [[SAI Netaji Subhash Southern Centre]]
|-
| 14.
| [[SAI Chaudhary Devi Lal Northern Regional Centre]]
|-
| 15.
| [[SAI Aurangabad Western Centre]]
|-
| 16.
| [[SAI Dharamshala Training Centre]]
|-
| 17.
| [[Netaji Subhash High Altitude Training Centre]]
|-
| 18.
| [[P.T. Usha Academy]]
|-
| 19.
| [[Gopichand Badminton Academy|Pullela Gopichand Badminton Academy]]
|-
| 20.
| [[Prakash Padukone Badminton Academy]]
|-
| 21.
| [[Netaji Subhas National Institute of Sports]]
|-
| 22.
| [[A P Rowing Academy]], [[Hussain Sagar Lake]]
|-
| 23.
| [[23. Sh. Atal Bihari Vajpayee National Centre of Excellence]]
|-
|}

== Long Term Development Plan (LTDP) ==
'''SAI Long Term Development Plan''' (SAI LTDP) aims at the joint preparation of long term sports-specific development plans by [[:Category:Sports governing bodies in India|National Sports governing bodies and federations of India]] (NSFs) based on a four-year cycle with yearly review. The plans cover all aspects of sports including development of sportsperson, coaching, participation, promotion, tournament schedule, hosting of major events and sports sciences.

== SAI schemes ==
Different sports promotion schemes of SAI, aimed at spotting and nurturing talent, are being implemented and monitored through the networks of SAI centres.

{| class="wikitable"
! S.No.
! Name
! Age group
|-
| 1.
| National Sports Talent Contest (NSTC)
| 8–14 years
|-
| 2.
| Army Boys Sports Companies (ABSC)
| 8–14 years
|-
| 3.
| SAI Training Centre (STC)
| 12–18 years
|-
| 4.
| Special Area Games (SAG)
| 12–18 years
|-
| 5.
| Extension Centres of STCs/SAGs
| 12–18 years
|-
| 6.
| Centre of Excellence (COE)
| 12–25 years
|-
| 7.
| Come and Play
| 8–17 years
|-
| 8.
| Community Connect
| Open
|}

=== National Sports Talent Contest Scheme (NSTC) ===
'''SAI National Sports Talent Contest Scheme''' (SAI NSTC) provides the school environment to play and study for talented 8-14 year olds who are at the right age for higher level training in competitive sports.

=== Army Boys Sports Company (ABSC) ===
'''SAI Army Boys Sports Company''' (SAI ABSC) is a scheme run in collaboration with the [[Indian Army]] to nurture and groom talented boys in the age group of 8 to 14 years. These companies act as virtual sports schools where training is scientifically backed up and support facility is provided throughout the training period. The trainees are entitled to an assured career in the Armed Forces at 17½ years. The selection of trainees is done on the basis of performance and potential assessed through a battery of tests.

=== SAI Training Centers Scheme (STC) ===
[[file:SAINSA-Swimming_Academy.jpg|thumb|SAI National Swimming Academy at [[SPM Swimming Pool Complex]] in Delhi.]]

'''SAI Training Centre Scheme''' (SAI STC) was created in 1995 by merging "Sports Project Development Area Centres" (SPDA) and "Sports Hostel Scheme". It is run in collaboration with the State Government and Union Territory Administrations. The trainees are admitted into the scheme on residential and non-residential basis where they are funded by the government.

=== Come and Play Scheme ===
[[File:SAINCA-Delhi Velodrome.tif|thumb|SAI National Cycling Academy (SAINCA) velodrome at [[Indira Gandhi Arena|Indira Gandhi Sports Complex]] in Delhi]]

'''SAI Come and Play Scheme''' (SAI CPS) serves the purpose of [[Scout (sport)|talent scouting]]. Meritorious talent emerging from this scheme forms a pool for induction into regular residential and non-residential sports promotional schemes of STC and SAG. The scheme was introduced in May 2011 for optimum utilisation of its five stadia in Delhi by throwing open the designated areas in the SAI Stadia for community sports.

==See also==
{{Portal inline|Sports}}
* [[Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award]]
* {{c|Lists of sports venues in India}}
* [[List of sports events in India]]
* {{c|India sport-related lists}}
* [[Sports in Asia]]
* [[National Sports Governance Act, 2025]]

== References ==
{{reflist|20em}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Sports Authority of India|Sports Authority of India}}
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Wikivoyage}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071128025832/http://sportal.nic.in/ Sportal], Sports Portal by the Government of India
* [http://sportsauthorityofindia.nic.in/ Sports Authority of India official site]
* [http://www.lncpe.gov.in/ Lakshmibai National College of Physical Education official website]
* [http://www.nsnis.org/ Netaji Subhas National Institute of Sports official website]

{{Sports leagues of India}}
{{Captains of Indian national sports teams }}
{{India topics}}

[[Category:Sports organisations of India]]
[[Category:Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Delhi]]
[[Category:Sports organizations established in 1984]]
[[Category:1984 establishments in Delhi]]

Siddheshwar Temple, Solapur

2026-01-31T15:29:36Z

SilasCorrie: Creating the place w/ sources

{{Short description|Temple in Maharashtra, India}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
|name = Siddheshwar Temple, Solapur
|image = Siddheshwar temple 02.JPG
|alt = Siddheshwar Temple
|caption = Siddheshwar Temple
|map_type = Maharashtra
|coordinates = {{coord|17|40|22|N|75|54|16|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates_footnotes=
|map_caption = Location within Maharashtra
|other_names =
|proper_name =
|sanskrit_translit =
|kannada =
|oriya =
|script_name = 
|script = 

|country = India
|state = [[Maharashtra]]
|district = [[Solapur district]]
|locale =
|elevation_m =
|elevation_footnotes =

| deity = [[Parashiva]]
| primary_deity_Godess = 
| utsava_deity_God = 
| utsava_deity_Godess= 
| Direction_posture = 
| Pushakarani = 
| Vimanam = 
| Poets = 
| Prathyaksham = 
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|architecture =
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}}
[[File:Siddheswar temple procession.jpg|thumb|Gadda procession,January 2024]]
[[File:Siddheshwar Mandir View from Solapur Fort.jpg|thumb|Siddheshwar Mandir, as seen from [[Solapur Bhuikot Killa]]]]
[[File:Siddheshwar Samadhi Solapur.jpg|thumb|Siddheshwar samadhi]]
'''Siddheshwar Temple''' is a temple in [[Solapur district]], [[Maharashtra]], India.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/business/check-out-india-s-manchester-of-the-east-1.657056/ |title=Check out India's 'Manchester of the East' |publisher=The National, AE. |date=2013-06-03 |website= The National |access-date=2 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Modest-Maharashtra-Tourism-Development-Corporation-resorts-set-to-acquire-a-grand-look/articleshow/44787293.cms |title=Modest Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation resorts set to acquire a grand look|publisher=Times of India |date=2014-10-12 |website= Times of India|access-date=2 January 2017}}</ref><ref name="Socio-Econom2">{{cite book |last=Baad |first=Dhirajkumar, R. |date=2016 |title=SOCIO ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF WARKARIES IN MAHARASHATRA |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6FpmDAAAQBAJ&q=siddheshwar+temple+solapur&pg=PA8|location=Solapur | publisher=Lulu Publication |page=8 |isbn=9781329943100}}</ref> It is sacred to Hindus, especially the members of the [[Lingayat]] denomination.<ref name="Socio-Econom1">{{cite book |last=Mulani |first=Sikandar S. |date=2014 |title=Socio Economic Development in Solapur District |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6On_BgAAQBAJ&q=siddheshwar+temple+solapur&pg=PA117 |location=Solapur | publisher=Lulu Publication |page=117 |isbn=9781312373945}}</ref> There is a lake within the temple complex.<ref>{{cite book |last=Burman|first=J.J Roy|date=2002 |title=Hindu-Muslim Syncretic Shrines and Communities |location=New Delhi | publisher=Mittal Publications, 2002 |page=276 |isbn=9788170998396}}</ref>

==Temple==
The temple is dedicated to its namesake [[Siddheshwar]], a twelfth-century devotee of [[Shiva]] who is considered a god in the [[Lingayat]] faith and the [[grāmadevatā]] of Solapur. It is at the temple's site where he is recorded as having attained [[samadhi]], and as such the location is revered by devotees. Upon achieving samadhi in 1167AD, Siddeshwar attained samadhi and A marble samadhi exists at the centre of the temple today.<ref name="HA1">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wIZAEAAAQBAJ |title=Hospital Administration, a Paradigm Shift in Health Care Services with References to Solapur District |last=Iyer |first=Vasanti C|page=71 |date=2020 |publisher=Ashok Yakkaldevi}}</ref><ref name="MahaTour1">{{cite web|url=https://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/-/siddheshwar |title=Siddheshwar|website=Maharashtra Tourism|access-date=2022-06-07}}</ref>

Siddheshwar is attributed to having installed 68 [[Lingam|Shiva lingams]] in the main courtyard; the amrit (immortality) linga being one of them. There are several smaller temples within the complex, such as ones dedicated to [[Ganesha]], [[Vithoba]] and [[Rukmini]]. Additionally, within the sanctum of the main temple complex there is an idolic effigy of Siddheshwar. A silver-plated figure of the mythological bull [[Nandi (Hinduism)|nandi]] is also present.<ref name="MahaTour1" />

== History ==
As per the records, Siddheshwar Temple was built by Shri Siddharameshwar, a yogi and devotee of Shri Mallikarjuna of Srisailam. He built this temple and made 68 Shiva lingams in the temple as per the instructions of his guru. It is said that the city of Solapur began to prosper at the birth of Shri Siddheshwar, who is also considered as the fifth {{Citation needed|date=October 2022}} god of the Lingayat faith, and devotees seek the blessings of this deity.

The temple and lake have been administered since 1899 by the ‘Shri Siddheshwar Devsthan Panch Committee’.<ref name="MOEF1"> {{cite web|url=http://www.moef.nic.in/sites/default/files/nlcp/Lakes/Siddheshwar%2520Lake.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjRw4CbnLLfAhXjsnEKHWP_BhMQFjAAegQIARAB&usg=AOvVaw03JWnpMx_sRuKbsEKVXxQ5|title=Siddheshwar lake.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Environment and Forests, India|access-date=21 December 2018}}</ref>

The best time to visit the temple is the Makar Sankranti festival in mid-January,when a grand celebration takes place for three days. Gadda Yatra, a local fair, is arranged for fifteen days in the vicinity of the temple. The temple is in honour of [[Siddheshwar]], a devotee of Shiva.<ref name="Socio-Econom1"/>

==Ritual==

On [[Makar Sankranti|Makarsankrat]], there are annual pilgrimages called 'Gadda'. This is when the [[Gadda Yatra]] celebration begins and continues for 15 days.<ref name=MOEF1 /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-devotees-throng-solapur-for-annual-gadda-yatra-2292229|title=Devotees throng Solapur for annual Gadda Yatra|date=14 January 2017|publisher=DNAIndia|access-date=21 December 2018}}</ref> A procession called the 'Procession of Kathis' is conducted at the temple.
<ref name="Socio-Econom1"/>

[[File:Siddheshwar Temple.JPG|thumb|right|The temple during the Gadda Yatra]]

The temple is attended by members of [[Veerashaiva]].<ref name="Socio-Econom3">{{cite book |last=Baad |first=Dhirajkumar, R. |date=2016 |title=IMPORTANTANCE OF WARI (YATRA) IN POINT OF ECONOMIC VIEW |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FCxmDAAAQBAJ&q=siddheshwar+temple+solapur |location=Solapur |publisher=Lulu Publication |page=15 |isbn=9781329943117}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Shiva temples in Maharashtra]]

Odette Mascarenhas

2026-01-28T23:22:55Z

SilasCorrie: Made New Details Needs Work!

{{Short description|Indian food historian and author}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Odette Mascarenhas
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Goa, Odette Mascarenhas, author 09.jpg
| alt = 
| caption = Mascarenhas in 2011
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| occupation =
| language =
| nationality = 
| citizenship = 
| education = 
| alma_mater = 
| period =
| genre = 
| subject = Culinary history of Goa
| movement =
| notable_works = ''The Culinary Heritage of Goa''
| spouse = {{marriage|Joe Mascarenhas|1983}}
| children =
| relatives =
| awards =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| signature_size =
| signature_type =
| years_active =
| module =
| website = 
| portaldisp = 
}}
'''Odette Mascarenhas''' is an Indian food historian, author, television host, and curator of Goan culinary culture. Through her writing, research, and media appearances, she has contributed to documenting and preserving the food heritage of Goa.<ref name="Gomantak2024">{{Cite web |last=Colaco |first=Kimberly |date=2023-12-27 |title=Journey into Goa's culinary history with Odette |url=https://www.gomantaktimes.com/my-goa/art-culture/journey-into-goas-culinary-history-with-odette |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=Gomantak Times}}</ref>

==Career==
Mascarenhas has written books, hosted television programs, and curated experiences, all with the intention of promoting the culinary heritage of Goa.<ref name="MidDay2017">{{Cite web |first=Benita |last=Fernando |date=2017-09-24 |title=Odette Mascarenhas and Manu Chandra deconstruct foods from an era gone by |url=https://www.mid-day.com/sunday-mid-day/article/odette-mascarenhas-and-manu-chandra-deconstruct-delicious-foods-from-an-era-gone-by-18603155 |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref>

Among her most recognized contributions is her documentation of Portuguese-influenced Goan recipes and traditions, which she has compiled in her writings. She is the author of several books on Goan food, with a focus on how historical and cultural influences have shaped the local cuisine. her 2015 book, ''The Culinary Heritage of Goa'', was awarded as the Best in the World for Historical Recipes at the Gourmand World Cookbook held at [[Yantai|Yangtai]]. Her 2023 book, ''The Culinary Odyssey of Goa'', covers the history and culture of Goan food.<ref name="Navhind2024">{{Cite web |last=Da Gama |first=Danuska |date=2024-01-10 |title=Deconstructing the flavours of Goa |website=The Navhind Times |url=https://www.navhindtimes.in/2024/01/10/magazines/buzz/deconstructing-the-flavours-of-goa/ |access-date=2025-05-07}}</ref> She has written 12 books, including a series of books for children called ''Alfie Alphonso''.<ref name="Gomantak2024" />

==Community involvement==
Beyond writing and television, Mascarenhas has been active in creating immersive culinary experiences. She collaborates with chefs, cultural institutions, and heritage homes to provide curated events that trace the evolution of Goan dishes. These efforts often include local voices and aim to build awareness about traditional ingredients, preparation techniques, and historical narratives.<ref name="Gomantak2024" />

She also hosts travellers in Goa, offering them authentic cultural and gastronomic experiences.<ref name="AirbnbIndulg2019">{{Cite web |date=2019-03-06 |title='She Travels, She Hosts': Airbnb India celebrates women who empower the community |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/travel/2019/Mar/06/she-travels-she-hosts-airbnb-india-celebrates-women-who-empower-the-community-13224.html |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=Indulgexpress by Deccan Herald}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Odette Mascarenhas has been married to Joe Mascarenhas since 1983.<ref name="Herald2024">{{Cite web |title=Celebrating the love of Valentine's in Goa |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/Celebrating-the-love-of-Valentines-in-Goa/201000 |website=Herald Goa |access-date=2025-05-07 |date=2024-02-14}}</ref>

==Works==
* ''Alfie Alphonso'' series of books
* ''The Culinary Heritage of Goa'' (2015)
* ''The Culinary Odyssey of Goa'' (2023)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Instagram}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mascarenhas, Odette}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Food historians]]
[[Category:Women writers from Goa]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Cartosat-2F

2026-01-23T11:10:27Z

SilasCorrie: corrected references per standard format and improved wording for clarity

{{Short description|Indian earth observation satellite}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Distinguish|Cartosat-2}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = Cartosat-2F
| names_list = CartoSat-2F CartoSat-2ER
| image = CartoSat2_Satellite.jpeg
| image_caption = CartoSat-2F satellite
| image_size = 300px

| mission_type = [[Earth Observation Satellite|Earth Observation]]
| operator = [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]]<ref name="spaceflight101">{{cite web|url=http://spaceflight101.com/events/pslv-c40-cartosat-2er/|title=PSLV C40 • Cartosat-2F |publisher=Spaceflight101|date=12 January 2018|access-date=14 May 2021}}</ref>
| COSPAR_ID = 2018-004A
| SATCAT = 43111
| website = https://www.isro.gov.in/
| mission_duration = 5 years (planned) {{time interval|12 January 2018|show=ymd}} ''(in progress)''

| spacecraft = CartoSat-2F
| spacecraft_type =
| spacecraft_bus = [[IRS-2]]<ref name="Gunter"/>
| manufacturer = [[Indian Space Research Organization]]
| launch_mass = {{cvt|710|kg}}
| dry_mass =
| dimensions =
| power = 986 [[watt]]s

| launch_date = 12 January 2018, 03:59 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]
| launch_rocket = [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle|Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle-XL]], [[PSLV-C40]]
| launch_site = [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]], [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre|First launch Pad (FLP)]]
| launch_contractor = [[Indian Space Research Organisation]]

| entered_service = 12 April 2018
| disposal_type =
| deactivated =
| last_contact =

| orbit_reference = [[Geocentric orbit]]
| orbit_regime = [[Sun-synchronous orbit]]
| orbit_periapsis = {{cvt|505|km}}
| orbit_apoapsis = {{cvt|505|km}}
| orbit_inclination = 97.47°
| orbit_period = 94.72 minutes

| instruments_list = {{Infobox spaceflight/Instruments
| acronym1 = PAN | name1 = Panchromatic Camera
| acronym2 = HRMX | name2 = High-Resolution Multi-Spectral radiometer
| acronym3 = EvM | name3 = [[Event monitoring|Event Monitoring camera]]
}}

| programme = [[Earth observation satellite|Earth observation satellites series]]
| previous_mission = [[Cartosat-2E]]
| next_mission = [[RISAT-2B]]
}}

'''Cartosat-2F''' is the eighth satellite in the Cartosat-2 Series. It is an [[Earth observation satellite]] launched on the [[PSLV-C40]] mission by the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO).<ref name="WMO">{{cite web|url=https://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/cartosat_2f|title=Satellite: CartoSat-2F|publisher=World Meteorological Organization (WMO)|date=4 January 2020|access-date=14 May 2021}}</ref>

== History ==
Originally, [[Cartosat-2E]] was published as the last Cartosat-2 satellite to be launched, as [[Cartosat-3]] Series spacecraft were scheduled to launch in 2018. Cartosat-2F was first listed on launch schedules as Cartosat-2ER, a name possibly indicating it was originally a replica of Cartosat-2E to be used as a spare.<ref name="Graham">{{cite web|url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2018/01/indias-pslv-launches-cartosat-2f/|title=India's PSLV successfully launches Cartosat-2F|last1=Graham|first1=William|publisher=NASASpaceFlight.com|date=11 January 2018|access-date=14 May 2021}}</ref>

== Satellite description ==
Like other satellites in the series, Cartosat-2F was built on an IRS-2 bus. It uses [[reaction wheel]]s, [[magnetorquer]]s, and [[hydrazine]]-fueled reaction control thrusters for stability. It has a design service life of five years.<ref name="NASA">{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2018-004A|title=Display: Cartosat-2F 2018-004A|publisher=NASA|date=27 April 2021|access-date=14 May 2021}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Cartosat-2F has three main [[remote sensing]] instruments, a [[panchromatic]] camera called PAN, a four channel [[Visible spectrum|visible]]/[[Infrared|near infrared]] [[radiometer]] called HRMX, and an [[Event monitoring]] camera (EvM).<ref name=WMO/>

* Panchromatic camera (PAN) is capable of taking [[panchromatic]] (black and white) photographs in a selected portion of the [[visible spectrum|visible]] and [[near-infrared]] spectrum (0.50–0.85 [[Micrometre|μm]]) at a resolution of {{cvt|65|cm}}.<ref name="PAN">{{cite web|url=https://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/instruments/view/pan_cartosat_2c_d|title=Instrument: PAN (CartoSat 2C/2D)|publisher=World Meteorological Organization|date=11 June 2018|access-date=14 May 2021}}</ref>
* High-Resolution Multi-Spectral (HRMX) radiometer is a four-channel [[radiometer]] sensitive across the entire visible spectrum and part of the near-infrared spectrum (0.43–0.90 μm) at a resolution of {{cvt|2|m}}.<ref name="HRMX">{{cite web|url=https://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/instruments/view/hrmx|title=Instrument: HRMX|publisher=World Meteorological Organization|date=6 January 2020|access-date=14 May 2021}}</ref>
* Event Monitoring camera (EvM) is also capable of capturing minute long video of a fixed spot as well, Event Monitoring camera (EvM) for frequent high-resolution land observation of selected areas.<ref name="EvM">{{cite web|url=https://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/instruments/view/evm|title=Instrument: EvM|publisher=World Meteorological Organization|date=4 January 2020|access-date=14 May 2021}}</ref>

== Launch ==

[[File:PSLV XL C40 Cartosat-2F hazard zones for falling stage debris based on NOTAM.svg|thumb|right|The route of the satellite Cartosat-2F. Satellite uses a [[dogleg maneuver]] to avoid debris falling over [[Sri Lanka]].]]

The PSLV-C40 launch was initially placed on hiatus following failures with the nose cone and satellite deployment systems of [[PSLV-C39]], but was cleared to launch once these issues were resolved.<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/pslv-all-set-to-ferry-31-satellites-tomorrow/article22413653.ece|title=PSLV all set to ferry 31 satellites on 12 January|newspaper=The Hindu|date=10 January 2018|access-date=14 May 2021}}</ref> It was launched at 03:59 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] from [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre|First Launch Pad]] at [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] on 12 January 2018,<ref name="ISRO statement">{{cite web|title=PSLV Successfully Launches 31 Satellites in a Single Flight|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/update/12-jan-2018/pslv-successfully-launches-31-satellites-single-flight|publisher=ISRO|date=12 January 2018|access-date=14 March 2021|archive-date=30 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130211525/https://www.isro.gov.in/update/12-jan-2018/pslv-successfully-launches-31-satellites-single-flight|url-status=dead}}</ref> the third of the series to be launched within a year.<ref name="NASA"/> After 16 minutes and 37 seconds, Cartosat-2F was separated from the [[launch vehicle]], and the [[ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network]] (ITTCN) took control of the satellite for maneuvers to its desired orbit.<ref name='ISRO statement'/> The launch also marked the 100th satellite successfully put into orbit by the ISRO.<ref name="Tehelka">{{cite news|title=ISRO launches 100th satellite Cartosat-2 Series|url=https://tehelka.com/isro-launches-100th-satellite-cartosat-2-series/|newspaper=Tehelka|agency=Tehelka|access-date=28 February 2019|archive-date=1 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074543/http://tehelka.com/isro-launches-100th-satellite-cartosat-2-series/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Mission ==
The first image returned by the mission, on 15 January 2018; was of [[Holkar Stadium]] and the surrounding community in [[Indore]], [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref name="KR">{{cite news|first1=K. R.|last1=Rahul |title=Cartosat-2F first image stunningly sharper than Google Map|url=https://www.ibtimes.sg/cartosat-2f-first-image-stunningly-sharper-google-map-23224|publisher=International Business Times, Singapore Edition |date=4 December 2019|access-date=14 May 2021}}</ref> The PAN camera is designed to have a [[spatial resolution]] less than one meter and a [[Swathe|swath width]] of ten kilometers.<ref name="Gunter">{{cite web|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/cartosat-2.htm|title=Cartosat 2, 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E, 2F|publisher=Gunter's Space Page|date=7 July 2020 |access-date=14 May 2021}}</ref>

On 27 November 2020, at 01:49 UTC, Cartosat-2F and Russia's Kanopus-V No. 3 spacecraft came very close while in orbit, passing each other at distance of nearly 200 to 450 meters.<ref name="Roscosmos">{{cite web|title=Russian and Indian satellites missed each other in space at 200 m|url=http://en.roscosmos.ru/21800/|publisher=Roscosnos|date=27 November 2020|access-date=14 May 2021|archive-date=14 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814094733/http://en.roscosmos.ru/21800/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="INDIATIMES">{{cite web|title=Indian, Russian satellites just metres away in space; Roscosmos says 224 m, ISRO says 420 m|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/indian-russian-satellite-just-metres-away-in-space-roscosmos-says-224m-isro-says-420m/articleshow/79452277.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|date=28 November 2020|access-date=14 May 2021}}</ref>

During a [[Solar storm|Solar Storm]] in May 2024, the Orbit of Cartosat-2F decayed from a normal 35 to 40 meters to 180 meters.The spacecraft used its engines to make up for the fall.

== References ==
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{PSLV}}
{{IRS satellites}}
{{Indian spacecraft}}
{{Orbital launches in 2018}}

[[Category:Cartosat]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched by India in 2018]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched by PSLV rockets]]
[[Category:January 2018 in India]]

27 AD Missile Regiment (Amritsar Airfield)

2026-01-22T03:46:46Z

SilasCorrie: refined section for accuracy

{{Short description|Indian military unit}}
{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name=27 AD Missile Regiment (Amritsar Airfield)
|image=
|caption=
|dates= 1942 – present
|country=[[India]]
|allegiance={{flag|British India}} {{flag|India}}
|branch= {{army|British India|23px}} [[File:Flag of Indian Army.svg|23px]] [[Indian Army]]
|type= [[Corps of Army Air Defence]]
|role=
|size= Regiment
|command_structure=
|equipment= [[Akash (missile)|Akash]] [[surface-to-air missile]]s<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/ndtv/status/956750911145050118?lang=en|title=27 AD-Indian Army Republic Day on twitter.com/ndtv |date= 2018-01-26|accessdate=2020-10-17}}</ref>

|Past Commanders=
|ceremonial_chief=
|colonel_of_the_regiment=
|notable_commanders= Lieutenant General [[Nav Kumar Khanduri]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/lt-gen-nav-khanduri-goc-in-c-western-command-7602360/|title=Lt Gen Nav Khanduri takes charge as GOC-in-C of Western Command|date=2021-11-01|access-date=2022-02-16}}</ref>

|identification_symbol=27 AD Regt
|identification_symbol_label=Abbreviation

|nickname=
|patron=
|motto= “Sky high excellence”
|colors= Sky Blue and Red
|march=
|mascot=
|battles=
|anniversaries=
|decorations= [[Vir Chakra]] 5 [[Sena Medal]] 4 [[Vishisht Seva Medal]] 2 [[Mention in Despatches]] 5
|battle_honours= ‘Amritsar Airfield’
}}

'''27 Air Defence Missile Regiment (Amritsar Airfield)''' is an [[Air Defence]] regiment of the [[Indian Army]].

== Formation ==
27 Air Defence Missile Regiment was raised on 1 February 1942 by Major (later Lt Col<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/37954/supplement/2173/data.pdf|title=Supplement to the London Gazette, page 2173| date= 1947-05-16|accessdate=2020-10-17}}</ref>) HT Hogan at [[Malir Town|Malir Cantonment]] (presently in [[Pakistan]]) as the '''3 Indian Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment''' with the troop nucleus being of South Indian classes.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.philamart.com/Listing/Details/3077247/27-Air-Defence-Missile-Regiment-Amritsar-Air-FieldIndian-|title=27 AD-Indian Army Postal Cover |date= |accessdate=2020-10-17}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Akash missiles during Republic Day 2017.jpg|thumb|305x305px|Akash missiles of 27 AD Missile Regt during the 2017 Republic Day parade|alt=|right]]
[[File:Troop Level Radar during rehearsal of Republic Day Parade 2018.jpg|thumb|305x305px|[[Rajendra Radar]] of 27 AD Missile Regt during the 2018 Republic Day parade|alt=|right]]
At the time of its formation, the Regiment was equipped with [[Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/60|Bofors 40 mm L-60]] and American made anti-aircraft guns.
;[[World War II]]: Various sub-units of the Regiment were deployed at [[Chittagong]], [[Sri Lanka|Ceylon]], [[Mumbai|Bombay]] and [[Kolkata|Calcutta]]. In 1945, the Regiment was moved to [[Vishakapatnam]] for training in amphibious assaults and was issued with the new 40 mm self-propelled guns.
;Post war: Following the war, the Regiment was moved to [[Coimbatore]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gunsinstamps.blogspot.com/2015/01/27-air-defence-regiment-golden-jubilee.html|title= 27 Air Defence Regiment - Golden Jubilee 1992 APO Cover|date= |accessdate=2020-10-17}}</ref> After the [[Partition of India|partition]], the Regiment was transferred to India. It was renamed the 27 Air Defence Regiment in February 1965.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://theprint.in/defence/corps-of-army-air-defence-raising-day-to-change-to-15-september-to-recognise-ww-ii-origin/492020/|title='Corps of Army Air Defence raising day to change to 15 September to recognise WW-II origin' in The Print|date= 2020-08-31|accessdate=2020-10-17}}</ref>

;[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|Indo-Pak War (1965)]]: The Regiment was deployed for various air defence roles in the Western Sector.<ref>{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Mandeep|title= Baptism Under Fire: Anti Aircraft Artillery in India Pakistan War 1965|year=2017|publisher= VIJ Books (India) Pty Ltd|isbn= 978-9386457127}}</ref> The gunners of the Regiment were decorated with 2 [[Vir Chakra]]s,<ref>{{cite web|url= http://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1966/O-1662-1966-0001-75746.pdf|title=C Perumal VrC and IT Pothuraja VrC citation in 'The Gazette of India' No 1 1966 with corrigenda in The Gazette of India No 32 on 06-08-2016|date=1966-01-02|accessdate=2020-10-17}}</ref> 2 [[Sena Medal]]s and 5 [[Mention in Despatches]].
;[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]: The Regiment saw action in the Western Sector with their [[Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/70|L-70 guns]] and was awarded the battle honour title of ‘Amritsar Airfield’ <ref name="Jagjit Singh 1994">{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Jagjit |title=Indian Gunners at War: The Western Front 1971|date=1994|publisher= Spantech & Lancer|isbn=978-1897829554|page=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/odishas-amritsar-airfield-combats-threats-from-sky/articleshow/64046912.cms|title='Odisha's 'Amritsar Airfield' combats threats from sky' in the Times of India|date= 2018-05-06|accessdate=2020-10-17}}</ref> along with 3 [[Vir Chakra]]s,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gallantryawards.gov.in/Awardee/thapasi-chhettiar-ramasway-chhettiar|title= TC Chettiar VrC at gallantryawards.gov.in|date=|accessdate=2020-10-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gallantryawards.gov.in/Awardee/kk-gopalakrishan-nair|title= GK Nair VrC at gallantryawards.gov.in|date=|accessdate=2020-10-17}}</ref> 1 [[Sena Medal]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1974/O-1253-1974-0010-55496.pdf|title= HS Sandhu SM citation in the Gazette of India No 10|date=1974-03-09|accessdate=2020-10-17}}</ref> and 2 [[Vishisht Seva Medal]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1972/O-1321-1972-0036-58849.pdf|title=Lt Col HW Saldanha and Maj Sri Ram Prothi VSM Citation in 'The Gazette of India No 36'| date=1972-09-02|accessdate=2020-10-17}}</ref>
;Other Operations:
*The Regiment has also participated in [[Operation Brasstacks|Operation Trident]], Operation Rakshak I, [[Indian Army operations in Jammu and Kashmir|Operation Rakshak II]] and [[Kargil War|Operation Vijay]]. During its participation in [[counter-insurgency]] operations, it was awarded 1 [[Sena Medal]], 1 COAS Commendation Card, 11 GOC-in-C ([[Northern Command (India)|Northern Command]]) Commendation Cards and the unit appreciation ‘’Kupwara-Kargil” by the GOC-in-C ([[Northern Command (India)|Northern Command]]).
*It took part in the relief and rescue operations in the [[2001 Gujarat earthquake]], for which the Regiment was awarded 1 COAS Commendation Card and 2 GOC-in-C ([[Southern Command (India)|Southern Command]]) Commendation Cards. For its efforts in rescuing riot affected people during the [[2002 Gujarat riots]], the Regiments received 5 GOC-in-C ([[Southern Command (India)|Southern Command]]) Commendation Cards.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.philamart.com/Listing/Details/3077247/27-Air-Defence-Missile-Regiment-Amritsar-Air-FieldIndian-|title=27 AD-Indian Army Postal Cover |date= |access-date=2020-10-17}}</ref>
*Subedar Dileep S was awarded [[Commendation Cards (Indian Army)|COAS Commendation Card]] in August 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://static.pib.gov.in/WriteReadData/specificdocs/documents/2025/aug/doc2025814608801.pdf|title=List of personnel being conferred with COAS Commendation Card on the occasion of Independence Day 2025|date=2025-08-14|access-date=2025-08-22}}</ref>
*Captain Himanshu Singh Chouhan and Subedar Muninder Singh were conferred with GOC-in-C South Western Command Commendation Cards on Army Day 2026 for their contributions during [[Operation Sindoor]].

== Achievements ==
*The Regiment was awarded the Director General Army Air Defence's (DGAAD) unit appreciation award in 2005 and 2015.
*The Regiment participated with its [[Akash (missile)|Akash]] [[surface-to-air missile]]s in the [[Delhi Republic Day parade|Republic Day parades]] of 2016,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thehinduimages.com/details-page.php?id=170872116|title=The Hindu Images : Republic Day 2016|date=|accessdate=2020-10-27}}</ref> 2017,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nation-world/india-shows-off-military-might-at-68th-republic-day-parade/mechanised-columns/slideshow/56796607.cms|title=' India shows off military might at 68th Republic Day parade' in the Economic Times|date=2017-01-27|accessdate=2020-10-17}}</ref> 2018,<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.thequint.com/quintlab/69th-republic-day-of-india/story-details.html?id=0| title='69th R-Day Marked With a Grand Parade and ASEAN Leaders as Guest' in The Quint|date= 2018-01-26|accessdate=2020-10-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.livemint.com/Politics/P1clTVeGVvjTyXA5ML6pfN/Republic-Day-2018-live-updates-Parade-to-begin-at-950-am.html|title= 'Republic Day parade highlights: India showcases military might, cultural diversity' in The Mint|date= 2018-01-26|access-date=2020-10-17}}</ref> 2023<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/republic-day-2023-kartavaya-path-witnesses-prowess-of-indian-weapon-systems-101674712187077.html|title=Republic Day 2023: Kartavaya Path witnesses prowess of Indian weapon systems|date=2023-01-26|access-date=2023-01-26}}</ref> and 2026.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/india-showcases-integrated-battlefield-surveillance-short-span-bridging-and-akash-weapon-systems-at-76th-republic-day-parade20250126111517/|title=India showcases Integrated Battlefield Surveillance, Short Span Bridging and Akash Weapon systems at 76th Republic Day parade|date=2026-01-26|access-date=2025-01-27}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1942]]
[[Category:Air defence regiments of the Indian Army]]

Rajendra Stadium

2026-01-21T13:23:07Z

SilasCorrie: small added layout after review and improved wording to improve readability

{{Short description|Stadium in Katihar, Bihar, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox venue
| name = Rajendra Stadium
| nickname = District Stadium
| fullname = Rajendra Stadium
| logo_image =
| image = Rajendra Stedium Siwan.jpg
| location = Shanti Nagar, [[Siwan, Bihar|Siwan]], [[Bihar]], [[India]]
| coordinates =
| broke_ground =
| opened = 2024
| renovated =
| owner = [[Siwan Nagar Nigam]]
| operator = [[Siwan Nagar Nigam]]
| surface = Grass
| construction_cost =
| architect =
| general_contractor =
| tenants =
| seating_capacity = 15,000
}}
The '''Rajendra Stadium''' is a multi-purpose stadium located in [[Siwan, Bihar|Siwan]], [[Bihar]]. The stadium has a capacity of 15,000 spectators. The stadium has been a venue for football tournaments, fairs and exhibitions. It is used mostly for association football matches <ref>[https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=744 30th Federation Cup Football Tournament 2008 (Zonal Rounds)]</ref> and the stadium is named after the first [[President of India]] Dr. [[Rajendra Prasad]].<ref>[http://www.siwanonline.in/city-guide/sports-in-siwan Siwanonline]</ref><ref>[http://www.oneindia.com/2008/09/22/federation-cup-soccer-zonal-fixtures-announced-1222074359.html Federation Cup Soccer zonal fixtures announced]</ref> Tenants RK Steel FC sometimes drew crowds above 10,000 for their association football matches at the Rajendra Stadium.

==See also==
*[[Bihar Football Association]]
*[[List of football stadiums in India]]
*[[List of association football stadiums by country]]

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* [http://wikimapia.org/13209244/Rajendra-Stadium Wikimapia]

[[Category:Siwan district]]
[[Category:Sports venues in Bihar]]
[[Category:Cricket grounds in Bihar]]
[[Category:Football venues in Bihar]]
[[Category:Memorials to Rajendra Prasad]]
[[Category:Event venues with year of establishment missing]]

{{India-sports-venue-stub}}
{{India-cricket-ground-stub}}
{{Siwan-geo-stub}}

2024–25 Indian Women's League

2026-01-20T18:19:26Z

SilasCorrie:

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox football league season
| competition = [[Indian Women's League]]
| season = [[2024–25 in Indian football|2024–25]]
| dates = 10 January – 18 April 2025
| winners = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]] 1st title
| relegated = [[Odisha FC Women|Odisha]] [[HOPS FC|HOPS]]
| continentalcup1 = [[2025–26 AFC Women's Champions League|AFC Champions League]]
| continentalcup1 qualifiers = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
| continentalcup2 = [[2025 SAFF Women's Club Championship|SAFF Club Championship]]
| continentalcup2 qualifiers = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
| matches = 56
| total goals = 178
| best player =
| league topscorer = [[Fazila Ikwaput]] (24 goals)
| best goalkeeper =
| biggest home win = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]] 6–1 [[HOPS FC|HOPS]] (31 March 2025)
| biggest away win = [[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]] 1–5 [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]] (20 January 2025)
| highest scoring = [[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]] 5–2 [[HOPS FC|HOPS]] (8 March 2025) [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]] 6–1 [[HOPS FC|HOPS]] (31 March 2025)
| longest wins = [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]] [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]] (6 matches)
| longest unbeaten = [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]] [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]] (8 matches)
| longest winless = [[Odisha FC Women|Odisha]] (9 matches)
| longest losses = [[HOPS FC|HOPS]] (5 matches)
| highest attendance = 1,920 [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]] 3–0 [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]] (18 April 2025)
| lowest attendance = 30 [[Nita Football Academy|Nita]] 2–0 [[HOPS FC|HOPS]] (16 March 2025)
| attendance = 15,667
| average attendance = 279
| prevseason = [[2023–24 Indian Women's League|2023–24]]
| nextseason = [[2025–26 Indian Women's League|2025–26]]
}}
The '''2024–25 Indian Women's League''' was the eighth season of the [[Indian Women's League]], the top division [[Women's association football|women's]] [[Association football|professional football]] league in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=AIFF officials hold discussions with Hero I-League, Hero IWL clubs |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/aiff-officials-hold-discussions-with-hero-i-league-hero-iwl-clubs |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=www.the-aiff.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Indian Women's League 2024-25 Fixture|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/media/uploads/2024/10/IWL-2024-25-Fixture.pdf|date=24 October 2024|location=New Delhi|first1=AIFF|last1=Media Team|access-date=24 October 2024|website=the-aiff.com|publisher=All India Football Federation}}</ref> [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]] won their maiden Indian Women's League title.<ref>{{cite news|title=East Bengal put the cherry on top of IWL title by defeating Gokulam Kerala|url=https://i-league.org/east-bengal-put-the-cherry-on-top-of-iwl-title-by-defeating-gokulam-kerala/|website=i-league.org|publisher=I-League|date=18 April 2025|access-date=18 April 2025}}</ref>

==Changes from last season==
Nine clubs were to compete in the 8th season, seven from the previous season and two promoted from the [[2023–24 Indian Women's League 2]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/16-tournaments-11000-players-a-hectic-2023-24-domestic-season-with-class-and-character|title=16 tournaments, 11,000 players: A hectic 2023–24 domestic season with class and character|date=18 June 2024|access-date=18 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618135956/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/16-tournaments-11000-players-a-hectic-2023-24-domestic-season-with-class-and-character|archive-date=18 June 2024|location=New Delhi|website=the-aiff.com|publisher=[[All India Football Federation]]|first1=AIFF|last1=Media Team}}</ref> In October 2024, [[Sports Odisha]] withdrew, leaving the eight participating clubs in the league.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/indian-womens-league-2024-25-fixtures-full-list-of-matches-dates-venues-timings-iwl-24-25/article68792159.ece|title=Indian Womens League 2024-25: Full list of fixtures, dates, venues, timings|date=24 October 2024|website=Sportstar}}</ref> AIFF implemented the promotion-relegation system for the IWL tiers from the 2024–25 season.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AIFF League Committee recommends promotion-relegation system for IWL |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/aiff-league-committee-recommends-promotion-relegation-system-for-iwl |website=www.the-aiff.com |publisher=AIFF |date=19 January 2024 |access-date=19 January 2024 }}</ref>

;Promoted from [[2023–24 Indian Women's League 2|Indian Women's League 2]]
* [[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]] {{rise|b}}
* [[Nita Football Academy|Nita]] {{rise|b}}

;Withdrawn
* [[Sports Odisha]]

==Clubs==
===Stadiums and locations===
{{location map+|India3|float=center|width=350|alt=Locations of the Indian Women's League teams|caption=Locations of the Indian Women's League clubs|places={{location map~ |India |lat=11.256319|long=75.785832|label= <div style="font-size:100%;">{{nowrap|[[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]}}
</div>|position=left}}

{{Location map~ |India |lat=28.6139|long=77.2090|label=<div style="font-size:100%;">
{{nowrap|[[HOPS FC|HOPS]]}}</div>|position=left}}

{{location map~ |India |lat=9.940344|long=78.142869|label= <div style="font-size:100%;">{{nowrap|[[Sethu FC|Sethu]]}}</div>|position=right}}

{{location map~ |India |lat=22.56972|long=88.36972|label= <div style="font-size:100%;">Kolkata
</div>|position=left|mark=Blue pog.svg}}

{{location map~ |India |lat=12.96|long=77.6116|label= <div style="font-size:100%;">{{nowrap|[[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]}}</div>|position=left}}

{{Location map~ |India |lat=20.19401|long=85.79219|label=<div style="font-size:100%;">{{nowrap|[[Odisha FC Women|Odisha]]}}
</div>|position=right}}

{{location map~ |India |lat=20.56620|long=85.71762|label= <div style="font-size:100%;">{{nowrap|[[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]}}</div>|position=left}}


{{Location map~ |India2 |mark=TransparentPlaceholder.png |marksize=1 |lat=17.5|long=87|label=<div style="font-size:100%;">'''{{nowrap|[[Football in Kolkata|Kolkata]] clubs:}}''' 
{{nowrap|[[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]}} 
{{nowrap|[[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]}} 
</div>
|position=right}}}}

{{Location map+|India Kolkata
|width=250
|float=right
|caption=Location of the Kolkata football clubs
|alt=Kolkata football clubs
|places =
{{Location map~ |India Kolkata |lat=22.560010936479717 |long=88.34308608418539 |mark=Red pog.svg |label='''[[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]'''|label_size=75|marksize=|position=bottom}}
{{Location map~ |India Kolkata |lat=22.598911588940346 |long=88.40293156020894 |mark=Red pog.svg |label='''[[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]'''|label_size=75|marksize=|position=bottom}}
}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Club
!City
!State/Region
!Stadium
!Capacity
|-
|rowspan=2|[[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|rowspan=2|[[Kolkata]]
|rowspan=2|[[West Bengal]]
|[[East Bengal Ground]]
|23,500
|-
|[[Kalyani Stadium]]
|20,000
|-
|[[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|[[Kozhikode]]
|[[Kerala]]
|[[Kozhikode Corporation EMS Stadium|EMS Corporation Stadium]]
|50,000
|-
|[[HOPS FC|HOPS]]
|[[New Delhi]]
|[[Delhi]]
|[[Ambedkar Stadium]]
|35,000
|-
|[[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|[[Bengaluru]]
|[[Karnataka]]
|[[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|8,400
|-
|[[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|[[Cuttack]]
|[[Odisha]]
|Capital Football Arena{{efn|The club is based in Cuttack but will play its home games in [[Bhubaneswar]] for the season.}}
|1,500
|-
|[[Odisha FC Women|Odisha]]
|[[Bhubaneswar]]
|[[Odisha]]
|[[Kalinga Stadium]]
|15,000
|-
|[[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|[[Madurai]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|[[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Chennai)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]{{efn|The club is based in Madurai but will play its home games in [[Chennai]] for the season.}}
|40,000
|-
|[[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]
|[[Kolkata]]
|[[West Bengal]]
|Bibhutibhushan Stadium
|5,000
|}

{{notelist}}

=== Personnel and sponsorships ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left
|-
!scope=col| Team
!scope=col| Head coach
!scope=col| Captain
!scope=col| Kit manufacturer
!scope=col| Shirt sponsor
|-
|[[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Anthony Andrews (football manager)|Anthony Andrews]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sweety Devi Ngangbam]]
|Trak Only
|[[Emami]]
|-
|[[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} Ranjan Chowdhury
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ratanbala Devi Nongmaithem]]
|VectorX
|[[CSB Bank]], [[Federal Bank]], Kajah Balm
|-
|[[HOPS FC|HOPS]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} Om Prakash Chhibber
|{{flagicon|IND}} Mamta Verma
|
|Dharam Foundation, FWS Logistics
|-
|[[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Langam Chaoba Devi]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Dalima Chhibber]]
|Sweat
|Amagi
|-
|[[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} Paromita Sit
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Manisa Panna]]
|KTH
|Falcon Charity Foundation
|-
|[[Odisha FC Women|Odisha]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Crispin Chettri]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Pyari Xaxa]]
|Trak Only
|[[Odisha Tourism Development Corporation|Odisha Tourism]], GMS, Lila Global
|-
|[[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} Arun Kumar K.
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Nirmala Devi Phanjoubam]]
|[[Hummel International|Hummel]]
|Everrenew, De Shayra Skinz, Cosco, [[Sethu Institute of Technology|SIT]]
|-
|[[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sujata Kar]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bala Devi Ngangom]]
|Trak Only
|Senco Gold
|}

===Managerial changes===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Team
!Outgoing manager
!Manner of departure
!Date of vacancy
!Position in table
!Incoming manager
!Date of appointment
|-
| [[HOPS FC|HOPS]]
| {{flagicon|IND}} Manoj Joshi
| align="center" |Mutual consent
| align="center" |February 2025
| 8th
| {{flagicon|IND}} Om Prakash Chhibber<ref>{{cite web|url=https://i-league.org/mousumi-murmu-runs-riot-as-sribhumi-thrash-hops-in-barrackpore/|title=Mousumi Murmu runs riot as Sribhumi thrash HOPS in Barrackpore|website=i-league.org|date=8 March 2025}}</ref>
| align="center" |March 2025
|-
| [[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
| {{flagicon|IND}} Shareef Khan A. V.
| align="center" |Mutual consent
| align="center" |March 2025
| 5th
| {{flagicon|IND}} Arun Kumar K.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://i-league.org/east-bengal-consolidate-their-lead-atop-iwl-2024-25-table-with-a-win-against-sethu/|title=East Bengal consolidate their lead atop IWL 2024-25 table with a win against Sethu|website=i-league.org|date=21 March 2025}}</ref>
| align="center" |March 2025
|}

== Foreign players ==
Teams allowed to register maximum of three foreign players. All three can be part of the starting lineup.

{| class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align: left
|-
!style="text-align:center;"|Club
!style="text-align:center;"|Player 1
!style="text-align:center;"|Player 2
!style="text-align:center;"|Player 3
!style="text-align:center;"|Former player(s)
|-
|[[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|{{flagicon|GHA}} [[Elshaddai Acheampong]]
|{{flagicon|KEN}} Maurine Achieng
|{{flagicon|UGA}} Resty Nanziri
| style="text-align: center;" | —
|-
|[[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|{{flagicon|UGA}} [[Fazila Ikwaput]]
|{{flagicon|UGA}} Sharon Namatovu
|{{flagicon|KEN}} [[Phoeby Okech]]
|{{flagicon|KEN}} Catherine Aringo
|-
|[[HOPS FC|HOPS]]
|{{flagicon|GHA}} Constance Achiaa
|{{flagicon|GHA}} [[Gladys Amfobea]]
| style="text-align: center;" | —
| style="text-align: center;" | —
|-
|[[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|{{flagicon|GHA}} [[Philomena Abakah]]
|{{flagicon|UGA}} Joanita Ainembabazi
|{{flagicon|BHU}} [[Sonam Choden]]
|{{flagicon|GHA}} Abigail Sakyiwaa {{flagicon|GHA}} Diana Weige
|-
|[[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|{{flagicon|GHA}} Rahama Jafaru
|{{flagicon|GHA}} Sussana Konadu
|{{flagicon|NGA}} Regina Olasele
|{{flagicon|GHA}} [[Gifty Acheampong]]
|-
|[[Odisha FC Women|Odisha]]
|{{flagicon|CMR}} [[Eliane Bodolo]]
|{{flagicon|NGA}} Maryam Ibrahim
|{{flagicon|GHA}} Jennifer Kankam Yeboah
| style="text-align: center;" | —
|-
|[[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|{{flagicon|UGA}} Amina Nababi
|{{flagicon|UGA}} Hadijah Nandago
|{{flagicon|CMR}} Moussa Zouwairatou
| style="text-align: center;" | —
|-
|[[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]
|{{flagicon|GHA}} Queenable Akousa Amankrah
|{{flagicon|GHA}} [[Regina Antwi]]
|{{flagicon|GHA}} Sandra Atinga
| style="text-align: center;" | —
|}

== League table ==
<onlyinclude>
{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL
|res_col_header=QR
|sortable_table=n
|source=[https://www.the-aiff.com/competitions/iwl AIFF]
|update=complete


|team_order=EAB, GOK, SRB, KFC, SFC, NIT, OFC, HOP


|win_EAB=12 |draw_EAB=1 |loss_EAB=1 |gf_EAB=38 |ga_EAB=10
|win_GOK=9 |draw_GOK=2 |loss_GOK=3 |gf_GOK=30 |ga_GOK=14
|win_HOP=2 |draw_HOP=3 |loss_HOP=9 |gf_HOP=10 |ga_HOP=30
|win_KFC=4 |draw_KFC=6 |loss_KFC=4 |gf_KFC=20 |ga_KFC=20
|win_NIT=4 |draw_NIT=2 |loss_NIT=8 |gf_NIT=19 |ga_NIT=33
|win_OFC=3 |draw_OFC=3 |loss_OFC=8 |gf_OFC=16 |ga_OFC=25
|win_SFC=5 |draw_SFC=2 |loss_SFC=7 |gf_SFC=18 |ga_SFC=23
|win_SRB=7 |draw_SRB=1 |loss_SRB=6 |gf_SRB=27 |ga_SRB=23



|name_EAB=[[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|name_GOK=[[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|name_HOP=[[HOPS FC|HOPS]]
|name_KFC=[[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|name_NIT=[[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|name_OFC=[[Odisha FC Women|Odisha]]
|name_SFC=[[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|name_SRB=[[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]


|result1=ACPO |result7=R |result8=R
|status_EAB = C
|status_HOP = R
|status_OFC = R


|show_limit=5
|class_rules=1) points; 2) head-to-head points; 3) head-to-head goal difference; 4) goal difference; 5) number of goals scored; 6) drawing of lots


|col_ACPO=green1
|text_ACPO=Qualification for the [[2025–26 AFC Women's Champions League|Champions League preliminary stage]] and [[2025 SAFF Women's Club Championship|SAFF Club Championship]]
|col_R=red1
|text_R=Relegation to [[2025–26 Indian Women's League 2|Indian Women's League 2]]
}}</onlyinclude>

== Results ==

=== Fixtures and results ===
{{#invoke:sports results|main
|matches_style=FBR|solid_cell=grey
|team1=EAB|team2=GOK|team3=HOP|team4=KFC|team5=NIT|team6=OFC|team7=SFC|team8=SRB

|name_EAB=[[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|match_EAB_GOK=3-0
|match_EAB_HOP=6-1
|match_EAB_KFC=2-0
|match_EAB_NIT=5-1
|match_EAB_OFC=1-0
|match_EAB_SFC=3-0
|match_EAB_SRB=1-0

|name_GOK=[[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|match_GOK_EAB=3-2
|match_GOK_HOP=3-0
|match_GOK_KFC=0-2
|match_GOK_NIT=4-1
|match_GOK_OFC=1-1
|match_GOK_SFC=1-0
|match_GOK_SRB=3-0

|name_HOP=[[HOPS FC|HOPS]]
|match_HOP_EAB=1-2
|match_HOP_GOK=1-0
|match_HOP_KFC=1-1
|match_HOP_NIT=0-1
|match_HOP_OFC=0-2
|match_HOP_SFC=0-2
|match_HOP_SRB=0-3

|name_KFC=[[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|match_KFC_EAB=0-2
|match_KFC_GOK=1-1
|match_KFC_HOP=1-1
|match_KFC_NIT=1-2
|match_KFC_OFC=1-1
|match_KFC_SFC=2-0
|match_KFC_SRB=3-2

|name_NIT=[[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|match_NIT_EAB=1-4
|match_NIT_GOK=0-2
|match_NIT_HOP=2-0
|match_NIT_KFC=4-4
|match_NIT_OFC=2-1
|match_NIT_SFC=0-2
|match_NIT_SRB=1-2

|name_OFC=[[Odisha FC Women|Odisha]]
|match_OFC_EAB=1-3
|match_OFC_GOK=1-3
|match_OFC_HOP=2-3
|match_OFC_KFC=2-2
|match_OFC_NIT=2-0
|match_OFC_SFC=0-2
|match_OFC_SRB=0-3

|name_SFC=[[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|match_SFC_EAB=2-4
|match_SFC_GOK=1-4
|match_SFC_HOP=1-1
|match_SFC_KFC=0-2
|match_SFC_NIT=2-2
|match_SFC_OFC=3-1
|match_SFC_SRB=1-0

|name_SRB=[[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]
|match_SRB_EAB=1-1
|match_SRB_GOK=1-5
|match_SRB_HOP=5-2
|match_SRB_KFC=2-0
|match_SRB_NIT=4-2
|match_SRB_OFC=1-2
|match_SRB_SFC=3-2

|update=complete
|source=[https://www.the-aiff.com/competitions/iwl AIFF]
}}

===Results by match===
The table lists the results of the teams after each match.
{{#invoke:sports rbr table|table|legendpos=b|header=Match
|team1=[[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|pos1=W/W/W/W/L/W/W/W/W/W/W/D/W/W
|team2=[[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|pos2=D/D/W/W/W/W/W/W/L/W/W/L/W/L
|team3=[[HOPS FC|HOPS]]
|pos3=L/L/D/L/L/L/L/L/W/D/L/W/L/D
|team4=[[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|pos4=L/D/D/L/L/D/W/L/W/D/D/W/W/D
|team5=[[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|pos5=W/D/L/L/W/L/L/W/W/L/L/L/L/D
|team6=[[Odisha FC Women|Odisha]]
|pos6=D/W/L/W/W/D/L/L/L/L/D/L/L/L
|team7=[[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|pos7=W/D/W/L/W/L/L/L/L/W/L/W/L/D
|team8=[[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]
|pos8=L/L/L/W/L/W/W/W/L/L/W/D/W/W
|color_W = green2| text_W =Win
|color_D = yellow2| text_D =Draw
|color_L = red2| text_L =Loss
|update = complete
|source = [https://www.the-aiff.com/competitions/iwl AIFF]
}}

=== Positions by round ===
{{#invoke:sports rbr table|table|sortable=y|legendpos=br
|team1=[[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|team2=[[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|team3=[[HOPS FC|HOPS]]
|team4=[[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|team5=[[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|team6=[[Odisha FC Women|Odisha]]
|team7=[[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|team8=[[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]

| pos1= 1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1 
| pos2= 5/5/3/2/2/2/2/2/2/2/2/2/2/2 
| pos3= 6/8/7/8/8/8/8/8/8/8/8/8/8/8 
| pos4= 8/6/6/7/7/7/7/7/7/7/7/5/4/4 
| pos5= 2/3/5/5/5/5/6/6/3/4/5/6/6/6 
| pos6= 4/2/4/3/3/3/3/4/5/6/6/7/7/7 
| pos7= 3/4/2/4/4/4/4/5/6/3/4/4/5/5 
| pos8= 7/7/8/6/6/6/5/3/4/5/3/3/3/3 

|color_1= green1
|color_7= red1
|color_8= red1
|toptext= The table lists the positions of teams after each round mentioned in official fixtures.
|update = complete
|source = [https://www.the-aiff.com/competitions/iwl AIFF]
}}

== Matches ==
*''All times are in [[Time in India|IST]] (UTC+5:30).''

=== Round 1 ===
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 10 January 2025
|time = 14:30
|team1 = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|score = 2–0
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40780 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40780_Match_Summary_V1_1736507625.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|goals1 =
*[[Sandhiya Ranganathan]] {{goal|22}}
*Resty Nanziri {{goal|49}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[East Bengal Ground]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 548
|referee = Neetu Rana
|potm = [[Sandhiya Ranganathan]] (East Bengal)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 10 January 2025
|time = 15:30
|team1 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|score = 1–1
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40781 I-league] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40781_Match_Summary_V1_1736510638.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Odisha FC Women|Odisha]]
|goals1 =
*[[Hemam Shilky Devi]] {{goal|87}}
|goals2 =
*[[Lynda Kom]] {{goal|61}}
|stadium = [[Kozhikode Corporation EMS Stadium|EMS Corporation Stadium]]
|location = [[Kozhikode]]
|attendance = 201
|referee = Kanika Barman
|potm = [[Hemam Shilky Devi]] (Gokulam Kerala)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 11 January 2025
|time = 14:00
|team1 = [[HOPS FC|HOPS]]
|score = 0–1
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40782 I-league] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40782_Match_Summary_V1_1736592273.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*[[Gifty Acheampong]] {{goal|80}}
|stadium = [[Ambedkar Stadium]]
|location = [[New Delhi]]
|attendance = 350
|referee = Ranjita Devi Tekcham
|potm = [[Gifty Acheampong]] (Nita)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 11 January 2025
|time = 15:30
|team1 = [[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|score = 1–0
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40783 I-league] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40783_Match_Summary_V1_1736599797.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]
|goals1 =
*Amina Nababi {{goal|60}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Chennai)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
|location = [[Chennai]]
|attendance = 467
|referee = Pooja S.
|potm = Amina Nababi (Sethu)
}}

=== Round 2 ===
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 15 January 2025
|time = 09:00
|team1 = [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|score = 1–1
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40784 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40784_Match_Summary_V1_1736919330.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|goals1 =
*[[Sanju Yadav]] {{goal|6}}
|goals2 =
*[[Fazila Ikwaput]] {{goal|36}}
|stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location = [[Bengaluru]]
|attendance = 150
|referee = Rachana Hasmukh Kamani
|potm = [[Sanju Yadav]] (Kickstart)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 15 January 2025
|time = 14:30
|team1 = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|score = 1–0
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40785 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40785_Match_Summary_V1_1736939602.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]
|goals1 =
*[[Soumya Guguloth]] {{goal|77}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[East Bengal Ground]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 463
|referee = Ruba Devi G.
|potm = Sulanjana Raul (East Bengal)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 16 January 2025
|time = 14:00
|team1 = [[HOPS FC|HOPS]]
|score = 0–2
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40786 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40786_Match_Summary_V1_1737024912.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Odisha FC Women|Odisha]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*[[Lynda Kom]] {{goal|66}}
*Jennifer Yeboah {{goal|84}}
|stadium = [[Ambedkar Stadium]]
|location = [[New Delhi]]
|attendance = 150
|referee = Mahi Tudu
|potm = [[Grace Hauhnar]] (Odisha)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 16 January 2025
|time = 15:30
|team1 = [[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|score = 2–2
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40787 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40787_Match_Summary_V1_1737031106.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|goals1 =
*[[Malavika P.]] {{goal|12||16}}
|goals2 =
*[[Gifty Acheampong]] {{goal|27}}
*[[Jabamani Tudu]] {{goal|74}}
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Chennai)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
|location = [[Chennai]]
|attendance = 480
|referee = Neetu Rana
|potm = Malavika P. (Sethu)
}}

=== Round 3 ===
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 20 January 2025
|time = 09:00
|team1 = [[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|score = 1–4
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40788 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40788_Match_Summary_V1_1737352263.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|goals1 =
*[[Gifty Acheampong]] {{goal|61}}
|goals2 =
*[[Anju Tamang]] {{goal|30}}
*[[Soumya Guguloth]] {{goal|48}}
*Resty Nanziri {{goal|50}}
*[[Sandhiya Ranganathan]] {{goal|67}}
|stadium = Capital Football Arena
|location = [[Bhubaneswar]]
|attendance = 251
|referee = Usha
|potm = [[Sandhiya Ranganathan]] (East Bengal)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 20 January 2025
|time = 15:00
|team1 = [[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]
|score = 1–5
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40789 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40789_Match_Summary_V1_1737373079.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|goals1 =
*Queenable Akousa Amankrah {{goal|38}}
|goals2 =
*[[Fazila Ikwaput]] {{goal|1||41||56||72}}
*Shubhangi Singh {{goal|43}}
|stadium = Bibhutibhushan Stadium
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 800
|referee = Sen Hangma Subba
|potm = [[Fazila Ikwaput]] (Gokulam Kerala)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 21 January 2025
|time = 09:00
|team1 = [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|score = 1–1
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40790 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40790_Match_Summary_V1_1737438144.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[HOPS FC|HOPS]]
|goals1 = *[[Karishma Shirvoikar]] {{goal|15}}
|goals2 = *[[Gladys Amfobea]] {{goal|78}}
|stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location = [[Bengaluru]]
|attendance = 103
|referee = Snigdha Mondal
|potm = [[Dalima Chhibber]] (Kickstart)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 21 January 2025
|time = 15:00
|team1 = [[Odisha FC Women|Odisha]]
|score = 0–2
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40791 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40791_Match_Summary_V1_1737460254.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 = *Amina Nababi {{goal|69||82}}
|stadium = [[Kalinga Stadium]]
|location = [[Bhubaneswar]]
|attendance = 223
|referee = Mahi Tudu
|potm = Amina Nababi (Sethu)
}}

=== Round 4 ===
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 26 January 2025
|time = 15:30
|team1 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|score = 3–0
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40792 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40792_Match_Summary_V1_1737892989.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[HOPS FC|HOPS]]
|goals1 =
*[[Fazila Ikwaput]] {{goal|40||82}}
*Catherine Amo Aringo {{goal|90+4}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Kozhikode Corporation EMS Stadium|EMS Corporation Stadium]]
|location = [[Kozhikode]]
|attendance = 338
|referee = Kusum Mandi
|potm = [[Fazila Ikwaput]] (Gokulam Kerala)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 27 January 2025
|time = 15:00
|team1 = [[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]
|score = 2–0
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40793 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40793_Match_Summary_V1_1737977356.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|goals1 =
*[[Bala Devi]] {{goal|15}}
*Nameirakpam Arina Devi {{goal|90+4}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = Bibhutibhushan Stadium
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 247
|referee = RD Hringnidam
|potm = [[Bala Devi]] (Sribhumi)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 28 January 2025
|time = 14:30
|team1 = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|score = 3–0
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40794 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40794_Match_Summary_V1_1738062357.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|goals1 =
*[[Sandhiya Ranganathan]] {{goal|55}}
*Maurine Achieng {{goal|69}}
*[[Soumya Guguloth]] {{goal|80}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[East Bengal Ground]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 700
|referee = Rachana Hasmukh Kamani
|potm = [[Soumya Guguloth]] (East Bengal)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 28 January 2025
|time = 15:00
|team1 = [[Odisha FC Women|Odisha]]
|score = 2–0
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40795 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40795_Match_Summary_V1_1738071869.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|goals1 =
*[[Eliane Bodolo]] {{goal|5}}
*[[Lynda Kom]] {{goal|43}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Kalinga Stadium]]
|location = [[Bhubaneswar]]
|attendance = 1243
|referee = Ranjita Devi Tekcham
|potm = [[Lynda Kom]] (Odisha)
}}

=== Round 5 ===
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 1 February 2025
|time = 09:00
|team1 = [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|score = 1–2
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40796 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40796_Match_Summary_V1_1738389025.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|goals1 =
*[[Grace Dangmei]] {{goal|45+3}}
|goals2 =
*Rahama Jafaru {{goal|46||80}}
|stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location = [[Bengaluru]]
|attendance = 252
|referee = Kusum Mandi
|potm = Rahama Jafaru (Nita)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 1 February 2025
|time = 15:00
|team1 = [[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]
|score = 1–2
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40797 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40797_Match_Summary_V1_1738410201.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Odisha FC Women|Odisha]]
|goals1 =
*Queenable Akousa Amankrah {{goal|77}}
|goals2 =
*Jennifer Kankam Yeboah {{goal|40}}
*[[Lynda Kom]] {{goal|81}}
|stadium = Bibhutibhushan Stadium
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 50
|referee = Neetu Rana
|potm = [[Lynda Kom]] (Odisha)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 2 February 2025
|time = 14:00
|team1 = [[HOPS FC|HOPS]]
|score = 0–2
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40798 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40798_Match_Summary_V1_1738492520.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*Phanjoubam Nirmala Devi {{goal|30}}
*Moussa Zouwairatou {{goal|54}}
|stadium = [[Ambedkar Stadium]]
|location = [[New Delhi]]
|attendance = 150
|referee = Snigdha Mondal
|potm = Moussa Zouwairatou (Sethu)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 2 February 2025
|time = 15:30
|team1 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|score = 3–2
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40799 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40799_Match_Summary_V1_1738498597.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|goals1 =
*[[Fazila Ikwaput]] {{goal|2||35||52|p}}
|goals2 =
*Resty Nanziri {{goal|86||90+1}}
|stadium = [[Kozhikode Corporation EMS Stadium|EMS Corporation Stadium]]
|location = [[Kozhikode]]
|attendance = 102
|referee = Pooja S.
|potm = [[Fazila Ikwaput]] (Gokulam Kerala)
}}

=== Round 6 ===
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 6 February 2025
|time = 14:00
|team1 = [[HOPS FC|HOPS]]
|score = 0–1
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40801 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40801_Match_Summary_V1_1738838697.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*[[Soumya Guguloth]] {{goal|40}}
|stadium = [[Ambedkar Stadium]]
|location = [[New Delhi]]
|attendance = 164
|referee = Sen Hangma Subba
|potm = [[Soumya Guguloth]] (East Bengal)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 6 February 2025
|time = 15:00
|team1 = [[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|score = 1–2
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40800 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40800_Match_Summary_V1_1738842143.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]
|goals1 =
*Rahama Jafaru {{goal|62}}
|goals2 =
*[[Bala Devi]] {{goal|11||24}}
|stadium = Capital Football Arena
|location = [[Bhubaneswar]]
|attendance = 80
|referee = Rachana Hasmukh Kamani
|potm = [[Bala Devi]] (Sreebhumi)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 7 February 2025
|time = 09:00
|team1 = [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|score = 1–1
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40802 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40802_Match_Summary_V2_1738906538.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Odisha FC Women|Odisha]]
|goals1 =
*Joanita Ainembabazi {{goal|70}}
|goals2 =
*[[Lynda Kom]] {{goal|82}}
|stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location = [[Bengaluru]]
|attendance = 178
|referee = Kanika Barman
|potm = [[Dalima Chhibber]] (Kickstart)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 7 February 2025
|time = 15:30
|team1 = [[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|score = 1–4
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40803 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40803_Match_Summary_V1_1738929832.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|goals1 =
*Phanjoubam Nirmala Devi {{goal|25}}
|goals2 =
*[[Fazila Ikwaput]] {{goal|10||20||60||88}}
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Chennai)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
|location = [[Chennai]]
|attendance = 100
|referee = Usha
|potm = [[Fazila Ikwaput]] (Gokulam Kerala)
}}

=== Round 7 ===
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 6 March 2025
|time = 15:30
|team1 = [[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|score = 0–2
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40804 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40804_Match_Summary_V1_1741262778.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*[[Philomena Abakah]] {{goal|55}}
*[[Renu Gour]] {{goal|90+2}}
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Chennai)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
|location = [[Chennai]]
|attendance = 250
|referee = Kanika Barman
|potm = [[Renu Gour]] (Kickstart)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 8 March 2025
|time = 15:00
|team1 = [[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]
|score = 5–2
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40805 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40805_Match_Summary_V1_1741433933.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[HOPS FC|HOPS]]
|goals1 = *[[Mousumi Murmu]] {{goal|21||63||69||88}}
*Nameirakpam Arina Devi {{goal|44}}
|goals2 = *Debika Tanti {{goal|7}}
*Aarti {{goal|67}}
|stadium = Bibhutibhushan Stadium
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 50
|referee = Ruba Devi G
|potm = [[Mousumi Murmu]] (Sribhumi)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 9 March 2025
|time = 15:30
|team1 = [[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|score = 0–2
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40806 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40806_Match_Summary_V1_1741522194.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 = *Shubhangi Singh {{goal|2}}
*[[Hemam Shilky Devi]] {{goal|90+2}}
|stadium = Capital Football Arena
|location = [[Bhubaneswar]]
|attendance = 245
|referee = Kusum Mandi
|potm = Shubhangi Singh (Gokulam Kerala)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 9 March 2025
|time = 15:30
|team1 = [[Odisha FC Women|Odisha]]
|score = 1–3
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40807 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40807_Match_Summary_V1_1741521858.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|goals1 =*Jennifer Kankam Yeboah {{goal|74}}
|goals2 =*[[Elshaddai Acheampong]] {{goal|7||31||38|pen.}}
|stadium = [[Kalinga Stadium]]
|location = [[Bhubaneswar]]
|attendance = 72
|referee = Ranjita Devi Tekcham
|potm = [[Elshaddai Acheampong]] (East Bengal)
}}

=== Round 8 ===
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 15 March 2025
|time = 15:30
|team1 = [[Odisha FC Women|Odisha]]
|score = 1–3
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40809 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40809_Match_Summary_V1_1742040973.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|goals1 =
*[[Neha Sillay]] {{goal|50}}
|goals2 =
*[[Pyari Xaxa]] {{goal|32|o.g.}}
*[[Fazila Ikwaput]] {{goal|42||59}}
|stadium = [[Kalinga Stadium]]
|location = [[Bhubaneswar]]
|attendance = 470
|referee = Ruba Devi G
|potm = [[Fazila Ikwaput]] (Gokulam Kerala)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 15 March 2025
|time = 16:00
|team1 = [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|score = 0–2
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40808 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40808_Match_Summary_V1_1742042757.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*[[Loitongbam Ashalata Devi]] {{goal|35}}
*[[Sulanjana Raul]] {{goal|65}}
|stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location = [[Bengaluru]]
|attendance = 300
|referee = Usha
|potm = [[Loitongbam Ashalata Devi]] (East Bengal)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 16 March 2025
|time = 15:00
|team1 = [[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]
|score = 3–2
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40811 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40811_Match_Summary_V1_1742124901.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|goals1 =
*[[Bala Devi]] {{goal|39||49|pen.|65}}
|goals2 =
*Hadijah Nandago {{goal|37}}
*[[Lisham Babina Devi]] {{goal|89}}
|stadium = Bibhutibhushan Stadium
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 217
|referee = Pooja S
|potm = [[Bala Devi]] (Sribhumi)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 16 March 2025
|time = 15:30
|team1 = [[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|score = 2–0
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40810 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40810_Match_Summary_V1_1742126629.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[HOPS FC|HOPS]]
|goals1 =
*Manisha Naik {{goal|60||63}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = Capital Football Arena
|location = [[Bhubaneswar]]
|attendance = 30
|referee = Mahi Tudu
|potm = Priya Rui Das (Nita)
}}

=== Round 9 ===
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 20 March 2025
|time = 14:00
|team1 = [[HOPS FC|HOPS]]
|score = 1–0
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40813 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40813_Match_Summary_V1_1742473256.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|goals1 =
*[[Gladys Amfobea]] {{goal|79}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Ambedkar Stadium]]
|location = [[New Delhi]]
|attendance = 50
|referee = Pooja S
|potm = [[Gladys Amfobea]] (HOPS)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 20 March 2025
|time = 16:00
|team1 = [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|score = 3–2
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40812 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40812_Match_Summary_V1_1742474842.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]
|goals1 =
*[[Mariyammal Balamurugan]] {{goal|11}}
*[[Karishma Shirvoikar]] {{goal|45+3}}
*[[Grace Dangmei]] {{goal|63}}
|goals2 =
*[[Mousumi Murmu]] {{goal|29}}
*[[Rimpa Haldar]] {{goal|52}}
|stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location = [[Bengaluru]]
|attendance = 200
|referee = Sen Hangma Subba
|potm = Rimpa Haldar (Sribhumi)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 21 March 2025
|time = 15:30
|team1 = [[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|score = 2–1
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40815 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40814_Match_Summary_V1_1742559227.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Odisha FC Women|Odisha]]
|goals1 =
*Rahama Jafaru {{goal|72}}
*Manisha Naik {{goal|75}}
|goals2 =
*[[Neha Sillay]] {{goal|16}}
|stadium = Capital Football Arena
|location = [[Bhubaneswar]]
|attendance = 150
|referee = Ruba Devi G
|potm = Munica Minz (Nita)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 21 March 2025
|time = 15:30
|team1 = [[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|score = 2–4
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40814 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40815_Match_Summary_V1_1742559579.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|goals1 =
*Amina Nababi {{goal|18}}
*[[Hadijah Nandago]] {{goal|64}}
|goals2 =
*[[Elshaddai Acheampong]] {{goal|9|pen.|15}}
*Resty Nanziri {{goal|45+3}}
*[[Soumya Guguloth]] {{goal|88}}
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Chennai)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
|location = [[Chennai]]
|attendance = 350
|referee = Ranjita Devi Tekcham
|potm = [[Elshaddai Acheampong]] (East Bengal)
}}

=== Round 10 ===
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 26 March 2025
|time = 15:30
|team1 = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|score = 5–1
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40817 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40816_Match_Summary_V1_1742995908.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|goals1 =
*[[Elshaddai Acheampong]] {{goal|9||53|pen.}}
*Maurine Achieng {{goal|65}}
*[[Soumya Guguloth]] {{goal|71}}
*Sulanjana Raul {{goal|89}}
|goals2 =
*Rahama Jafaru {{goal|37}}
|stadium = [[Kalyani Stadium]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 300
|referee = Pooja S
|potm = [[Elshaddai Acheampong]] (East Bengal)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 26 March 2025
|time = 15:30
|team1 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|score = 3–0
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40816 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40817_Match_Summary_V1_1742990542.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]
|goals1 =
*[[Fazila Ikwaput]] {{goal|9||13||64}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[EMS Corporation Stadium]]
|location = [[Kozhikode]]
|attendance = 150
|referee = Neetu Rana
|potm = [[Fazila Ikwaput]] (Gokulam Kerala)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 27 March 2025
|time = 14:00
|team1 = [[HOPS FC|HOPS]]
|score = 1–1
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40819 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40818_Match_Summary_V1_1743076938.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|goals1 =
*Constance Achiaa {{goal|84}}
|goals2 =
*[[Renu Gour]] {{goal|10}}
|stadium = [[Ambedkar Stadium]]
|location = [[New Delhi]]
|attendance = 215
|referee = Kanika Barman
|potm = Constance Achiaa (HOPS)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 27 March 2025
|time = 15:30
|team1 = [[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|score = 3–1
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40818 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40819_Match_Summary_V1_1743077240.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Odisha FC Women|Odisha]]
|goals1 =
*Amina Nababi {{goal|7||13}}
*Moussa Zouwairatou {{goal|41}}
|goals2 =
*[[Lynda Kom]] {{goal|90+6}}
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Chennai)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
|location = [[Chennai]]
|attendance = 50
|referee = Kusum Mandi
|potm = T Hoshika (Sethu)
}}

=== Round 11 ===
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 31 March 2025
|time = 15:00
|team1 = [[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]
|score = 4–2
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40820 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40820_Match_Summary_V1_1743421522.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|goals1 =
*[[Mousumi Murmu]] {{goal|33||45+2}}
*Sandra Atinga {{goal|42}}
*[[Bala Devi]] {{goal|52}}
|goals2 =
*Manisha Naik {{goal|34}}
*[[Juli Kishan]] {{goal|58}}
|stadium = Bibhutibhushan Stadium
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 250
|referee = Ranjita Devi Tekcham
|potm = [[Mousumi Murmu]] (Sribhumi)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 31 March 2025
|time = 16:00
|team1 = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|score = 6–1
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40821 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40821_Match_Summary_V1_1743470659.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[HOPS FC|HOPS]]
|goals1 =
*[[Soumya Guguloth]] {{goal|3}}
*[[Sandhiya Ranganathan]] {{goal|7}}
*Maurine Achieng {{goal|11}}
*[[Karthika Angamuthu]] {{goal|54}}
*Resty Nanziri {{goal|90+2}}
*[[Elshaddai Acheampong]] {{goal|90+3}}
|goals2 =
*[[Gladys Amfobea]] {{goal|58}}
|stadium = [[Kalyani Stadium]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 400
|referee = Sen Hangma Subba
|potm = Resty Nanziri (East Bengal)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 1 April 2025
|time = 15:30
|team1 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|score = 1–0
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40822 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40823_Match_Summary_V1_1743509111.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|goals1 =
*[[Fazila Ikwaput]] {{goal|14}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[EMS Corporation Stadium]]
|location = [[Kozhikode]]
|attendance = 360
|referee = Kanika Barman
|potm = [[Fazila Ikwaput]] (Gokulam Kerala)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 1 April 2025
|time = 15:30
|team1 = [[Odisha FC Women|Odisha]]
|score = 2–2
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40823 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40822_Match_Summary_V1_1743509045.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|goals1 =
*[[Lynda Kom]] {{goal|45}}
*Jennifer Kankam Yeboah {{goal|79}}
|goals2 =
*[[Philomena Abakah]] {{goal|52}}
*Joanitah Ainembazi {{goal|56}}
|stadium = [[Kalinga Stadium]]
|location = [[Bhubaneswar]]
|attendance = 50
|referee = Mahi Tudu
|potm = Wangkhem Linthoingambi Devi (Kickstart)
}}

=== Round 12 ===
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 5 April 2025
|time = 15:00
|team1 = [[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]
|score = 1–1
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40824 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40824_Match_Summary_V2_1743853508.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|goals1 =
*Sandra Atinga {{goal|88}}
|goals2 =
*[[Anju Tamang]] {{goal|82}}
|stadium = Bibhutibhushan Stadium
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 300
|referee = Rachana Hasmukh Kamani
|potm = Resty Nanziri (East Bengal)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 5 April 2025
|time = 15:30
|team1 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|score = 0–2
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40825 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40825_Match_Summary_V1_1743856716.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*[[Philomena Abakah]] {{goal|7}}
*[[Karishma Shirvoikar]] {{goal|51}}
|stadium = [[EMS Corporation Stadium]]
|location = [[Kozhikode]]
|attendance = 280
|referee = Ruba Devi G
|potm = [[Karishma Shirvoikar]] (Kickstart)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 6 April 2025
|time = 15:00
|team1 = [[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|score = 0–2
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40826 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40826_Match_Summary_V1_1743941392.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*Hadijah Nandago {{goal|16}}
*Amina Nababi {{goal|90+3|pen.}}
|stadium = Capital Football Arena
|location = [[Bhubaneswar]]
|attendance = 43
|referee = Kusum Mandi
|potm = Hadijah Nandago (Sethu)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 6 April 2025
|time = 16:00
|team1 = [[Odisha FC Women|Odisha]]
|score = 2–3
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40827 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40827_Match_Summary_V1_1743941204.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[HOPS FC|HOPS]]
|goals1 =
*[[Neha Sillay]] {{goal|14}}
*[[Pyari Xaxa]] {{goal|45+1}}
|goals2 =
*[[Kiran Pisda]] {{goal|13|o.g.}}
*Pooja {{goal|34||90}}
|stadium = [[Kalinga Stadium]]
|location = [[Bhubaneswar]]
|attendance = 50
|referee = Ranjita Devi Tekcham
|potm = Kajal (HOPS)
}}

=== Round 13 ===
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 11 April 2025
|time = 16:00
|team1 = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|score = 1–0
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40830 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40830_Match_Summary_V1_1744374794.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Odisha FC Women|Odisha]]
|goals1 =
*[[Soumya Guguloth]] {{goal|67}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Kalyani Stadium]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 367
|referee = Kumari Nandita
|potm = [[Soumya Guguloth]] (East Bengal)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 12 April 2025
|time = 15:30
|team1 = [[HOPS FC|HOPS]]
|score = 0–3
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40829 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40829_Match_Summary_V1_1744460677.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*[[Apurna Narzary]] {{goal|24}}
*Sandra Atinga {{goal|79}}
*[[Rimpa Haldar]] {{goal|84}}
|stadium = [[Ambedkar Stadium]]
|location = [[New Delhi]]
|attendance = 250
|referee = Sen Hangma Subba
|potm = Sandra Atinga
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 12 April 2025
|time = 16:00
|team1 = [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|score = 2–0
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40828 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40828_Match_Summary_V1_1744461434.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|goals1 =
*Laishram Bibicha Devi {{goal|14}}
*[[Karishma Shirvoikar]] {{goal|17}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|location = [[Bengaluru]]
|attendance = 60
|referee = Rachana Hasmukh Kamani
|potm =
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 13 April 2025
|time = 16:00
|team1 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|score = 4–1
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40831 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40831_Match_Summary_V1_1744547663.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|goals1 =
*[[Fazila Ikwaput]] {{goal|47||52||63||82}}
|goals2 =
*Rahama Jafaru {{goal|75}}
|stadium = [[EMS Corporation Stadium]]
|location = [[Kozhikode]]
|attendance = 200
|referee = Pooja S
|potm = [[Fazila Ikwaput]] (Gokulam Kerala)
}}

=== Round 14 ===
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 16 April 2025
|time = 15:30
|team1 = [[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|score = 1–1
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40833 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40833_Match_Summary_V1_1744805013.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[HOPS FC|HOPS]]
|goals1 =
*Hadijah Nandago {{goal|38}}
|goals2 =
*[[Gladys Amfobea]] {{goal|45+2}}
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Chennai)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
|location = [[Chennai]]
|attendance = 50
|referee = Kanika Barman
|potm = [[Gladys Amfobea]] (HOPS)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 16 April 2025
|time = 15:30
|team1 = [[Odisha FC Women|Odisha]]
|score = 0–3
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40832 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40832_Match_Summary_V1_1744804950.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*[[Sibani Devi Nongmeikapam]] {{goal|10||18||32}}
|stadium = [[Kalinga Stadium]]
|location = [[Bhubaneswar]]
|attendance = 230
|referee = Pooja S
|potm = [[Sibani Devi Nongmeikapam]] (Sribhumi)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 18 April 2025
|time = 15:00
|team1 = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|score = 3–0
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40835 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40835_Match_Summary_V1_1744975962.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|goals1 =
*[[Elshaddai Acheampong]] {{goal|27||37}}
*[[Soumya Guguloth]] {{goal|42}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[East Bengal Ground]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 1920
|referee = Ranjita Devi Tekcham
|potm =
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 18 April 2025
|time = 15:30
|team1 = [[Nita Football Academy|Nita]]
|score = 4–4
|report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=40834 I-League] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/40834_Match_Summary_V1_1744978602.pdf PDF Report]
|team2 = [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
|goals1 =
*[[Yumnam Kamala Devi]] {{goal|14}}
*[[Jabamani Tudu]] {{goal|61}}
*Sussana Konadu {{goal|83}}
*Priya Rui Das {{goal|89}}
|goals2 =
*[[Grace Dangmei]] {{goal|2}}
*[[Philomena Abakah]] {{goal|4}}
*[[Karishma Shirvoikar]] {{goal|9}}
*[[Sanju Yadav]] {{goal|32}}
|stadium = Capital Football Arena
|location = [[Bhubaneswar]]
|attendance = 70
|referee = Usha
|potm = Susmita Pun (Nita)
}}

== Season statistics ==
{{Updated|18 April 2025}}

=== Top scorers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!Rank
!Player
!Club
!Goals
|-
|rowspan="1" |1
|align=left|{{flagicon|UGA}} [[Fazila Ikwaput]]
|align=left|Gokulam Kerala
|rowspan="1" |24
|-
|rowspan="1" |2
|align=left|{{flagicon|GHA}} [[Elshaddai Acheampong]]
|align=left|East Bengal
|rowspan="1" |10
|-
|rowspan="1" |3
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Soumya Guguloth]]
|align=left|East Bengal
|rowspan="1" |9
|-
|rowspan="4" |4
|align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bala Devi Ngangom]]
|align="left" |Sribhumi
|rowspan="4" |7
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mousumi Murmu]]
|align=left|Sribhumi
|-
|align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Lynda Kom]]
|align="left" |Odisha
|-
|align="left" |{{flagicon|UGA}} Amina Nababi
|align="left" |Sethu
|-
|rowspan="2" |8
|align="left" |{{flagicon|UGA}} Resty Nanziri
|align="left" |East Bengal
|rowspan="2" |6
|-
|align="left" |{{flagicon|GHA}} Rahama Jafaru
|align="left" |Nita
|-
|rowspan="1" |10
|align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Karishma Shirvoikar]]
|align="left" |Kickstart
|rowspan="1" |5
|}

===Hat-tricks===
{| class="wikitable"
! Player
! For
! Against
! style="text-align:center" | Result
! Date
|-
| {{flagicon|UGA}} [[Fazila Ikwaput]]
| Gokulam Kerala
| Sribhumi
| style="text-align:center" |5–1 (A)
| 20 January 2025
|-
| {{flagicon|UGA}} [[Fazila Ikwaput]]
| Gokulam Kerala
| East Bengal
| style="text-align:center" |3–2 (H)
| 2 February 2025
|-
| {{flagicon|UGA}} [[Fazila Ikwaput]]
| Gokulam Kerala
| Sethu
| style="text-align:center" |4–1 (A)
| 7 February 2025
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mousumi Murmu]]
| Sribhumi
| HOPS
| style="text-align:center" |5–2 (H)
| 8 March 2025
|-
| {{flagicon|GHA}} [[Elshaddai Acheampong]]
| East Bengal
| Odisha
| style="text-align:center" |3–1 (A)
| 9 March 2025
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Bala Devi Ngangom]]
| Sribhumi
| Sethu
| style="text-align:center" |3–2 (H)
| 16 March 2025
|-
| {{flagicon|UGA}} [[Fazila Ikwaput]]
| Gokulam Kerala
| Sribhumi
| style="text-align:center" |3–0 (H)
| 26 March 2025
|-
| {{flagicon|UGA}} [[Fazila Ikwaput]]
| Gokulam Kerala
| Nita
| style="text-align:center" |4–1 (H)
| 13 April 2025
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sibani Devi Nongmeikapam]]
| Sribhumi
| Odisha
| style="text-align:center" |3–0 (A)
| 16 April 2025
|}

;Notes
*(H) – Home team
*(A) – Away team

=== Clean sheets ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:"center"
!Rank
!Player
!Club
!Clean sheets
|-
|rowspan="1" align="center" |1
|align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Panthoi Chanu Elangbam]]
|align="left" |East Bengal
|rowspan="1" align="center" |7
|-
|rowspan="1" align="center" |2
|align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Payal Basude]]
|align="left" |Gokulam Kerala
|rowspan="1" align="center" |4
|-
|rowspan="3" align="center" |3
|align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} Khambi Chanu Sarangthem
|align="left" |Sethu
|rowspan="3" align="center" |3
|-
|align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Linthoingambi Devi Maibam]]
|align="left" |Kickstart
|-
|align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Aditi Chauhan]]
|align="left" |Sribhumi
|-
|rowspan="2" align="center" |6
|align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Shreya Hooda]]
|align="left" |Odisha
|rowspan="2" align="center" |2
|-
|align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} Sasmita Parida
|align="left" |Nita
|-
|rowspan="2" align="center" |8
|align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} Kajal
|align="left" |HOPS
|rowspan="2" align="center" |1
|-
|align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} Gyurme Dolmo Tamang
|align="left" |Sethu
|}

===Discipline===
====Player====
* Most yellow cards: '''4'''
**{{flagicon|GHA}} Sussana Konadu
**{{flagicon|IND}} K. Ngopawdi
**{{flagicon|UGA}} [[Fazila Ikwaput]]

* Most red cards: '''1'''
**{{flagicon|IND}} Anu Sabu
**{{flagicon|KEN}} [[Phoeby Okech]]
**{{flagicon|GHA}} Sussana Konadu

====Club====
* Most yellow cards: '''4'''
**Sethu

* Most red cards: '''1'''
**Sethu

== Awards ==

=== Match awards ===
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: left; font-size"
! colspan="9" |Player of the Match
|-
!Match No.
!Player
!Club
!Match No.
!Player
!Club
!Match No.
!Player
!Club
|-
!1
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sandhiya Ranganathan]]
| align="left" |East Bengal
!2
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Hemam Shilky Devi]]
| align="left" |Gokulam Kerala
!3
| align="left" |{{flagicon|GHA}} [[Gifty Acheampong]]
| align="left" |Nita
|-
!4
| align="left" |{{flagicon|UGA}} Amina Nababi
| align="left" |Sethu
!5
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanju Yadav]]
| align="left" |Kickstart
!6
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} Sulanjana Raul
| align="left" |East Bengal
|-
!7
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Grace Hauhnar]]
| align="left" |Odisha
!8
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} Malavika P.
| align="left" |Sethu
!9
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sandhiya Ranganathan]]
| align="left" |East Bengal
|-
!10
| align="left" |{{flagicon|UGA}} [[Fazila Ikwaput]]
| align="left" |Gokulam Kerala
!11
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Dalima Chhibber]]
| align="left" |Kickstart
!12
| align="left" |{{flagicon|UGA}} Amina Nababi
| align="left" |Sethu
|-
!13
| align="left" |{{flagicon|UGA}} [[Fazila Ikwaput]]
| align="left" |Gokulam Kerala
!14
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bala Devi]]
| align="left" |Sribhumi
!15
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Soumya Guguloth]]
| align="left" |East Bengal
|-
!16
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Lynda Kom]]
| align="left" |Odisha
!17
| align="left" |{{flagicon|GHA}} Rahama Jafaru
| align="left" |NIta
!18
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Lynda Kom]]
| align="left" |Odisha
|-
!19
| align="left" |{{flagicon|CMR}} Moussa Zouwairatou
| align="left" |Sethu
!20
| align="left" |{{flagicon|UGA}} [[Fazila Ikwaput]]
| align="left" |Gokulam Kerala
!21
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Soumya Guguloth]]
| align="left" |East Bengal
|-
!22
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bala Devi]]
| align="left" |Sribhumi
!23
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Dalima Chhibber]]
| align="left" |Kickstart
!24
| align="left" |{{flagicon|UGA}} [[Fazila Ikwaput]]
| align="left" |Gokulam Kerala
|-
!25
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Renu Gour]]
| align="left" |Kickstart
!26
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mousumi Murmu]]
| align="left" |Sribhumi
!27
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} Shubhangi Singh
| align="left" |Gokulam Kerala
|-
!28
| align="left" |{{flagicon|GHA}} [[Elshaddai Acheampong]]
| align="left" |East Bengal
!29
| align="left" |{{flagicon|UGA}} [[Fazila Ikwaput]]
| align="left" |Gokulam Kerala
!30
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Loitongbam Ashalata Devi]]
| align="left" |East Bengal
|-
!31
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bala Devi]]
| align="left" |Sribhumi
!32
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} Priya Rui Das
| align="left" |Nita
!33
| align="left" |{{flagicon|GHA}} [[Gladys Amfobea]]
| align="left" |HOPS
|-
!34
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rimpa Haldar]]
| align="left" |Sribhumi
!35
| align="left" |{{flagicon|GHA}} [[Elshaddai Acheampong]]
| align="left" |East Bengal
!36
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} Munica Minz
| align="left" |Nita
|-
!37
| align="left" |{{flagicon|GHA}} [[Elshaddai Acheampong]]
| align="left" |East Bengal
!38
| align="left" |{{flagicon|UGA}} [[Fazila Ikwaput]]
| align="left" |Gokulam Kerala
!39
| align="left" |{{flagicon|GHA}} Constance Achiaa
| align="left" |HOPS
|-
!40
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} T Hoshika
| align="left" |Sethu
!41
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mousumi Murmu]]
| align="left" |Sribhumi
!42
| align="left" |{{flagicon|UGA}} Resty Nanziri
| align="left" |East Bengal
|-
!43
| align="left" |{{flagicon|UGA}} [[Fazila Ikwaput]]
| align="left" |Gokulam Kerala
!44
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} Wangkhem Linthoingambi Devi
| align="left" |Kickstart
!45
| align="left" |{{flagicon|UGA}} Resty Nanziri
| align="left" |East Bengal
|-
!46
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Karishma Shirvoikar]]
| align="left" |Kickstart
!47
| align="left" |{{flagicon|UGA}} Hadijah Nandago
| align="left" |Sethu
!48
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} Kajal
| align="left" |HOPS
|-
!49
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Soumya Guguloth]]
| align="left" |East Bengal
!50
| align="left" |{{flagicon|GHA}} Sandra Atinga
| align="left" |Sribhumi
!51
| align="left" colspan=2|''No award''
|-
!52
| align="left" |{{flagicon|UGA}} [[Fazila Ikwaput]]
| align="left" |Gokulam Kerala
!53
| align="left" |{{flagicon|GHA}} [[Gladys Amfobea]]
| align="left" |HOPS
!54
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sibani Devi Nongmeikapam]]
| align="left" |Sribhumi
|-
!55
| align="left" colspan=2|''No award''
!56
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} Susmita Pun
| align="left" |Nita
|}

=== Season awards ===
The following awards will be given at the conclusion of the season:<ref>{{cite web |title=IWL and I-League 2024-25 season awards declared |url=https://i-league.org/iwl-and-i-league-2024-25-season-awards-declared/ |publisher=i-league.org |access-date=1 May 2025}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Award
!Winner
!Club
|-
|Best Striker
|{{flagicon|UGA}} [[Fazila Ikwaput]]
|[[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|-
|Best Goalkeeper
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Panthoi Chanu Elangbam]]
|[[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|-
|Best Defender
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Purnima Kumari]]
|[[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
|-
|Best Midfielder
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Shilky Devi Hemam]]
|[[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|-
|Best Match Organisation
| colspan="2" |[[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
|-
|Best Media Activities
| colspan="2" |[[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]
|}

== See also ==

* '''Women'''
** [[2024–25 Indian Women's League 2]]
* '''Men'''
** [[2024–25 Indian Super League]]
** [[2024–25 I-League]]
** [[2024–25 I-League 2]]
** [[2024–25 I-League 3]]
** [[2024 Durand Cup]]
** [[2025 Super Cup (India, April)|2025 Super Cup (April)]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Portal|Women's association football}}
{{Indian Women's League}}
{{Indian women's football league seasons}}
{{2024–25 in Indian football}}
{{2024–25 in Asian women's football (AFC)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Indian Women's League}}
[[Category:Indian Women's League seasons|2024–25]]
[[Category:2024–25 in Indian women's football leagues|1]]
[[Category:2024–25 in Asian women's top-tier association football leagues|India]]

Boss Majhi Ladachi

2026-01-18T08:18:59Z

SilasCorrie: Made New Details

{{Short description|Marathi-language drama TV series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Boss Majhi Ladachi.jpg
| image_size =
| company = Strawberry Pictures
| last_aired = {{End date|2022|09|24|df=y}}
| first_aired = {{Start date|2022|02|28|df=y}}
| network = [[Sony Marathi]]
| num_episodes = 182
| language = Marathi
| num_seasons =
| editor =
| theme_music_composer =
| opentheme =
| endtheme =
| writer = Madhugandha Kulkarni
| producer = [[Manava Naik]]
| country = India
| director =
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| genre = [[Drama]]
| caption =
| location = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| camera = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
| related =
}}

'''''Boss Majhi Ladachi''''' ({{translation|My Beloved Boss}}) is an Indian [[Marathi-language]] drama series which aired on [[Sony Marathi]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bhagyashree Limaye to make her TV comeback with 'Boss Mazi Ladachi' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/bhagyashree-limaye-to-make-his-tv-comeback-with-boss-mazi-ladachi/articleshow/89012982.cms|access-date=2023-05-04|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> It starred Aayush Sanjeev and [[Bhagyashree]] Limaye in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maharashtrachi Hasya Jatra actors Nikhil Bane and Dattu More to play pivotal role in Boss Mazi Ladachi - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/maharashtrachi-hasya-jatra-actors-nikhil-bane-and-dattu-more-to-play-pivotal-role-in-boss-mazi-ladachi/articleshow/90562689.cms|access-date=2023-05-04|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> It is produced by [[Manava Naik]] under the banner of ''Strawberry Pictures''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=‘बॉस माझी लाडाची’ मालिकेत मिहीर आणि राजेश्वरी यांच्या लग्नाची सनई वाजणार!|url=https://www.loksatta.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/2965600/sony-marathi-boss-mazi-ladachi-serial-mihir-and-rajeshwari-wedding-photos-kak-96/lite/|access-date=2023-05-04|website=[[Loksatta]]|language=mr}}</ref> It premiered from 28 February 2022 by replacing ''[[Tumchya Aamchyatali Kusum]]'' and ended on 24 September 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|title='धडधड होते काळजात..'म्हणता-म्हणता 'बॉस माझी लाडाची'चे १०० भाग पूर्ण, कलाकारांची दणक्यात पार्टी|url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/boss-majhi-ladachhi-serial-on-sony-marathi-completed-100-episode-actors-and-crew-celebration-video-viral/articleshow/92353682.cms|access-date=2023-05-04|website=[[Maharashtra Times]]|language=mr}}</ref>

== Plot ==
It is a love story between a Boss and her Employee. Rajeshwari Harshe, The MD of Kutumb ({{translation|Family}}) Constructions, is strict and unapologetic by nature due to her traumatic past. She has childhood trauma which made her hate family and has strict rules against people with big families working under her. The only family members she has are her two aunts who saved her and her Cat named Thaku whom she loves dearly. Mihir Manjrekar, an Architect by profession is working in her company, and dreams of running his own company one day. Mihir is allergic to Cats and belongs to a big, happy family who respect women. His family has a matriarchal dynamic and Mihir himself respects strong and opinionated women just like his grandmother and his boss Rajeshwari, but he had to lie to get a job in Kutumb Constructions, one of the top companies in the City, so that he could he could fulfill his father's dreams who unfortunately self harmed, which traumatised the whole family and they were against him going to the city and hence he got a deadline. Due to a clause in her father's will, Rajeshwari has to marry before she turns 30. Unfortunately for her, her toxic aunt and uncle get released from jail early for good behavior and the same day, all her nightmares come face to face. She struggles to find a suitable candidate for marriage, until she spots Mihir, who according to her, lives alone with no family and also wants to form his own company. After promising him his own Architectural Firm and Mihir being skeptical at first but realising his deadline agrees, Rajeshwari and Mihir decide to Marry each other, Only for her to uncover the numerous lies told by Mihir, on their engagement day. With no other option left, Rajeshwari plays along and pretends to be happily married to Mihir in front of his family, only to later realise that she has fallen in love with his Family. During their contract based marriage, A lot of problems arise, like the Manjrekar family head, Aau suspecting them of foul play, Rajeshwari's PA who is in love with Mihir tries to expose them and a village girl who is obsessed with Mihir and wants to marry him, The Uncle and Aunt trying hard to expose them. Mihir who gets to know about Rajeshwari's past, falls in love with her and tries to make her realise that she feels the same. Rajeshwari who never had a friend struggles to realise her love for him and think of it as friendship, meanwhile his Family gets to know the truth and are heartbroken. The series ends with Rajeshwari realising her love for Mihir and coming back to the Manjrekar Family.

<ref>{{Cite web|title=अचानक असं काय झालं की लाडाची बॉस आता नव्या वेळेत भेटणार, हे आहे कारण|url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/boss-mazi-ladachi-serial-now-onair-at-new-time/articleshow/94097572.cms|access-date=2023-05-04|website=[[Maharashtra Times]]|language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=New Marathi show 'Boss Mazi Ladachi' launched; here what netizens think about the show - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/poll-alert-new-marathi-show-boss-mazi-ladachi-launched-here-what-netizens-think-about-the-show/articleshow/89917791.cms|access-date=2023-05-04|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* Bhagyashree Limaye as Rajeshwari Harshe<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bhagyashree Limaye is happy to play a 'working woman' in Boss Mazi Ladachi, says "My mom always wanted me to have an office job" - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/bhagyashree-limaye-is-happy-to-play-a-working-woman-in-boss-mazi-ladachi-says-my-mom-always-wanted-me-to-have-an-office-/articleshow/89544299.cms|access-date=2023-05-04|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* Ayush Sanjeev as Mihir Manjrekar
* [[Girish Oak]]
* [[Rohini Hattangadi]]
* Varsha Dandale
* Shalaka Pawar
* Nilesh Shevde
* Meena Naik
* Madhavi Juvekar
* Vaibhav Belsare
* Yashashri Upasani
* Vandana Bhosale
* Nikhil Kanitkar
* Pratham Deshpande
* Vrinda Ahire
* Tejas Barve<ref>{{Cite web|title=राजूच्या आयुष्यात आलोकची एंट्री! मिसेस मुख्यमंत्री फेम अभिनेता 'बॉस माझी लाडाची'मध्ये; मिहीरचं काय होणार?|url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/boss-mazi-ladachi-new-entry-of-alok-in-the-rajeshwari-harshe-s-office-tejas-barve-is-now-part-of-the-serial/articleshow/93250003.cms|access-date=2023-05-04|website=[[Maharashtra Times]]|language=mr}}</ref>
* Sonal Pawar
* Mahesh Joshi
* Seema Ghogale
* Amruta Toradmal
* Sachin Bondal
* Vidyadhar Paranjape

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt22176360}}
* [https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/boss-majhi-ladachi-1700000879 ''Boss Majhi Ladachi''] at [[SonyLIV]]

[[Category:Marathi-language television shows]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Sony Marathi original programming]]

GIET University

2026-01-14T17:45:02Z

SilasCorrie: Made A Article

{{Short description|Private Technical University in Odisha, India}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{advert|date=September 2018}}
{{third-party|date=September 2018}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}

{{Infobox university
|name = GIET University
|image = GIET University Logo.tif
|established = 1997
|type = [[Private university|Private]]
|city = [[Gunupur]]
|state = [[Odisha]]
|country = [[India]]
|vice_chancellor= Dr. A. V. N. L. Sharma
|former_names = Gandhi Institute of Engineering and Technology
|campus = Spread over 113.03 acres
|faculty =
|undergrad =
|postgrad =
|affiliations = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]], [[AICTE]], [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]], [[National Board of Accreditation|NBA]]
|website = {{URL|http://www.giet.edu}}
}}

'''GIET University''', formerly '''Gandhi Institute of Engineering and Technology''', is a private university located at [[Gunupur]], in the state of [[Odisha]], [[India]], established in 1997 by the Vidya Bharati Educational Trust.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About GIETU|url=https://www.giet.edu/about-giet/|access-date=2021-09-19|language=en}}</ref>

GIET University offers undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral programs in various fields of engineering, technology, management, and computer applications.{{Citation needed|date=July 2023}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Network |first=Times News |date=29 Dec 2018 |title=University tag for GIET Gunupur |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/varsity-tag-for-giet-gunupur/articleshow/67293079.cms |access-date=30 Jan 2024 |work=The Times Of India}}</ref>

== Managing trustee ==
Edu-entrepreneur Dr. Satya Prakash Panda (President) <ref>{{Cite web|title=GIET - GIET University {{!}} Best University in Eastern India - Placements|url=https://giet.edu/,%20https://www.giet.edu/leadership/|access-date=2021-09-19|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and [https://www.giet.edu/leadership/dr-chandradhwaj-panda-2/ Dr. Chandra Dhwaj Panda] (Vice-President) <ref>{{Cite web|title=GIET - GIET University {{!}} Best University in Eastern India - Placements|url=https://giet.edu/,%20https://www.giet.edu/leadership/|access-date=2021-09-19|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> founded in 1996 a trust called '''Vidya Bharati Education Trust,''' which is a non-governmental organization and a conglomerate of educational institutions.<ref>{{cite web|title=GIET University Gunupur home page|url=https://www.giet.edu/leadership/|website=www.giet.edu|access-date=7 July 2021}} Click on "leadership"</ref>

== Schools ==
[[File:GIET University Gunupur.jpg|300px|GIET University Campus]]

GIETU includes the following schools:<ref>{{cite web|title=GIET University Gunupur about GIETU page|url=http://www.giet.edu/|website=www.giet.edu|access-date=6 February 2020}} Click on "Schools"</ref>
* School of Engineering and Technology<ref>{{Cite web|title=School of Engineering & Technology|url=https://www.giet.edu/schools/school-of-engineering/|access-date=2021-09-19|language=en}}</ref>
* School of Humanities & Social Studies<ref>{{Cite web|title=School of Humanities & Social Studies|url=https://www.giet.edu/schools/school-of-social-science-humanities/|access-date=2021-09-19|language=en}}</ref>
* School of Agriculture<ref>{{Cite web|title=School of Agriculture|url=https://www.giet.edu/schools/school-of-agriculture/|access-date=2021-09-19|language=en}}</ref>
* School of Sciences<ref>{{Cite web|title=School of Sciences|url=https://www.giet.edu/schools/school-of-science/|access-date=2021-09-19|language=en}}</ref>
* School of Management Studies (SMS)<ref>{{Cite web|title=School of Management Studies|url=https://www.giet.edu/schools/school-of-management/|access-date=2021-09-19|language=en}}</ref>
*School of Nursing<ref>{{Cite web|title=School of Nursing|url=https://www.giet.edu/schools/school-of-nursing/|access-date=2023-11-23|language=en}}</ref>
*School of Pharmacy<ref>{{Cite web|title=School of Pharmacy|url=https://www.giet.edu/schools/school-of-pharmacy/|access-date=2026-01-14|language=en}}</ref>

== Academic programmes ==
GIET University conducts four-year B. Tech, B.SC Agriculture, B.Sc in Nursing, 3 years BBA, BCA and 2 years M.Sc, M.Tech programme in various disciplines:<ref>{{cite web|title=GIET University Gunupur home page|url=http://www.giet.edu/|website=www.giet.edu|access-date=6 February 2020}} Click on "programmes"</ref> GIET University offers some of the most sought-after programmes including 14 [[Undergraduate education|undergraduates]] and 20 [[Postgraduate education|postgraduate]] programmes. In addition to [[Undergraduate education|undergraduate]] and [[Postgraduate education|postgraduate]] courses, GIETU also offers full-time and part time [[Doctorate|Ph.D. degrees]] in Engineering, Natural Sciences and Management disciplines.

== National Institutional Ranking Framework rankings ==
GIET University, Gunupur, was ranked in the 200-300 band in the National Institutional Ranking Framework 2024 rankings for Engineering.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NIRF Ranking 2024 |url=https://www.nirfindia.org/nirfpdfcdn/2024/pdf/Report/IR2024_Report.pdf}}</ref>{{Infobox India university ranking|NIRF_E_2024=201-300|type=University}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category}}

{{universities in Odisha}}
{{authority control}}

{{coord|19|02|55|N|83|49|59|E|type:edu_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Universities in Odisha]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1997]]
[[Category:1997 establishments in Orissa]]

Pathiya language

2026-01-01T19:22:27Z

SilasCorrie: Made Basic Details First Draft!

{{Short description|Southern Dravidian language of India}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Pathiya
|nativename=
|states=[[India]]
|ethnicity=
|speakers=1,000
|date=2004
|ref=e18
|familycolor=Dravidian
| fam2 = Southern
| fam3 = [[South Dravidian languages|Southern I]]
| fam4 = Tamil–[[Kannada dialects|Kannada]]
| fam5 = Tamil–[[Kota language (India)|Kota]]
| fam6 = Tamil–[[Toda language|Toda]]
| fam7 = Tamil–Irula
| fam8 = Tamil–[[Kodava language|Kodava]]–[[Urali language|Urali]]
| fam9 = [[Tamiloid languages|Tamil]]–[[Malayalamoid languages|Malayalam]]
| fam10 = [[Malayalamoid languages|Malayalamoid]]
| fam11 = [[Kalanadi language|Kalanadi]]–[[Kunduvadi language|Kunduvadi]]–Pathiya
| ancestor = [[Old Tamil language|Old Tamil]]
| ancestor2 = [[Middle Tamil language|Middle Tamil]]
|iso3=pty
|glotto=path1235
|glottorefname=Pathiya
}}
'''Pathiya''' ({{ipa|pty|pɐd̪ijɐ|ipa}}) is a [[Southern Dravidian languages|Southern Dravidian language]] of [[India]]. It is close to [[Kalanadi language|Kalanadi]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Dravidian languages |state=autocollapse}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Dravidian languages]]

{{dr-lang-stub}}

Nagendra Kumar Jain

2025-12-28T15:43:08Z

SilasCorrie: rework lead as per guidelines and fixed typos as per guidelines

{{Short description|Indian judge}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{BLP sources|date=May 2017}}
{{cleanup|reason=Too many lists, too much intricate detail, too glorifying in tone|date=May 2017}}
}}

{{Use British English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = Hon'ble Justice
| name = Nagendra Kumar Jain
| honorific-suffix =
| image = Nagendra Kumar Jain.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Justice Nagendra Kumar Jain
| order =
| office = Chairman, [[Rajasthan State Human rights Commission]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rshrc.rajasthan.gov.in/former-chairman-members.htm |title=Former Chairman & Members | Rajasthan State Human Rights Commission |accessdate=2017-07-30 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520103644/http://rshrc.rajasthan.gov.in/former-chairman-members.htm |archivedate=20 May 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
| term_start = 16 July 2005
| term_end = 15 July 2010
| office1 = President, [[Shri Mahavirji]]
| term_start1 = February 2011
| term_end1 = February 2013
| office2 = [[Lokayukta]], [[Himachal Pradesh]]<ref>{{Cite web| title=The Himachal Pradesh Lokayukta act | year=1983 | url=http://hp.gov.in/lokayukta/Microsoft_Word_LokayuktaAct.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221044317/http://hp.gov.in:80/lokayukta/Microsoft_Word_LokayuktaAct.pdf | archive-date=2011-02-21}}</ref>
| term_start2 = November 2004
| term_end2 = 15 July 2005
| nominator =
| appointer =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| office3 = Chairperson, Himachal Pradesh State Human Rights Commission
| term_start3 = 24 November 2004
| term_end3 = 15 July 2005
| office4 = [[Chief Justice]] of [[Karnataka High Court]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://karnatakajudiciary.kar.nic.in/judges_former_cjk.asp|title=High Court of Karnataka Official Web Site|website=karnatakajudiciary.kar.nic.in}}</ref>
| term_start4 = 31 August 2001
| term_end4 = 19 October 2004
| office5 = [[Chief Justice]] of [[Madras High Court]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hcmadras.tn.nic.in/cjlist.htm|title=Madras High Court|website=www.hcmadras.tn.nic.in|access-date=13 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212201925/http://www.hcmadras.tn.nic.in/cjlist.htm|archive-date=12 February 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| term_start5 = 13 September 2000
| term_end5 = 30 August 2001
| office6 = Member of Academic Council of [[National Law School of India University]]
| term_start6 = 1993
| term_end6 = 1996
| office7 = Judge of [[Rajasthan High Court]]<ref>{{Cite web | title=Untitled Page | url=http://hcraj.nic.in/formerj.aspx#66 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821053348/http://hcraj.nic.in:80/formerj.aspx | access-date=2025-12-28 | archive-date=2015-08-21}}</ref>
| term_start7 = 20 July 1990
| term_end7 = 18 December 1997
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1942|10|20|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Alwar]], [[Rajasthan]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| nationality = Indian
| spouse =
| party =
| relations =
| children =
| residence =
| alma_mater = [[University of Jodhpur]]
| occupation =
| profession =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

Justice '''Nagendra Kumar Jain''' is an Indian judge, and the current chairman of Bar Council of Rajasthan. He was also invited to discuss the reforms in the judiciary by Parliamentary Estimate committee in 1985. He became a member of the [[Bar council of India]] and Member of Executive and governing council of [[National Law School of India University]] in 1986.

== Early life ==
He was born on 20 October 1942 in [[Alwar]], [[Rajasthan]] and completed his primary education from Happy School. Later he shifted to Jaipur for his higher education and completed his secondary education from [[Mahaveer School]]. He further continued his education from [[Maharaja College, Jaipur]] and graduated from Rajasthan College of Rajasthan University. He also represented the state in several National and interstate Badminton tournaments from 1955 to 1968 and in 1977 he also played Nationals in veterans.

== Career ==
After receiving his Bachelor of Laws (LLB) degree from Jodhpur University in 1967, he was enrolled as an advocate on 26 January 1968 in [[Rajasthan High Court]] and started his practice with emphasis on Civil, Criminal, Constitutional, Writ, Company and Taxation Matters. He also worked as a part-time Lecturer in Jodhpur University and served on the following positions before being appointed Judge of Rajasthan High court.
* Secretary of the [[Rajasthan High Court Bar Association, Jaipur]]
* Member of Rajasthan Bar Federation
* Lifetime Member of [[Bar Association]] of India and Executive Member 1984~86.
* Member Executive and Governing Council [[National Law School of India University]]
* Member [[Bar Council of Rajasthan]] since 1971 till elevation
* Chairman [[Bar Council of Rajasthan]] 1985-86
* Member, [[Bar Council of India]] and India 1987 till elevation (trust)

He became a Judge of [[Rajasthan High Court]] on 20 July 1990. He spent around six years at Jodhpur and about 16 months at Jaipur bench as a Judge. He was transferred to Madras High Court on 18 November 1997. He officiated as '''Chief Justice''' on 22 January 1999 till May 1999, 28 September to 9 October 1999 then 6 June till becoming permanent '''Chief Justice''' in Madras High Court on 13 September 2000. Thereafter he was transferred as Chief Justice of Karnataka High Court on 31 August 2001 and superannuated on 19 October 2004. Some of the important milestones of his Judicial career are as follows:

* Judge in the [[Rajasthan High Court]] from 20 July 1990 till 18 December 1997<ref>[http://hcraj.nic.in/formerjphoto4.htm#N.K. Jain]</ref>
* Nominated by Chief Justice of India as Member of Academic Council of [[National Law School of India]], Bangalore from 1993 to 1996
* Judge in the [[Madras High Court]] from 18 November 1997 till 21 January 1999.
* [[Chief Justice]] of [[Madras High Court]] from 13 September 2000 till 30 August 2001
* [[Chief Justice]] of [[Karnataka High Court]] from 31 August 2001 till 19 October 2004<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2001/09/01/stories/0401210n.htm|website=[[The Hindu]]|date=2001-09-01|title=N.K. Jain sworn in CJ of High Court}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
* Chairperson, Himachal Pradesh Human Rights Commission from 24 November 2004 till 15 July 2005
*: [[Lokayukta]], [[Himachal Pradesh]] till 15 July 2005
* Chairperson of the [[Rajasthan State Human rights Commission]] from 16 July 2005 till 15 July 2010

=== [[Rajasthan State Human rights Commission]] ===
*List of incidents reported and addressed along with documentation of the cases reported in the previous year before his tenure began.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.justicenagendrakjain.com/yearly-report.php|title=N.K JAIN-Farewell|website=www.justicenagendrakjain.com}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!From
!Till
!Child
!Health
!Prison
!Gang
!Labor
!SC / ST
!Police
!Pollution
!Religious
!Woman
!Others
!Rejected
!Total
|-
|1 April 2004
|31 March 2005
|13
|43
|94
|19
|01
|19
|819
|16
|29
|92
|125
|2002
|'''3272'''
|-
|1 April 2005
|31 March 2006
|18
|50
|84
|48
|08
|41
|867
|12
|48
|130
|112
|2317
|'''3735'''
|-
|1 April 2006
|31 March 2007
|20
|30
|80
|38
|12
|16
|1002
|16
|54
|158
|158
|2306
|'''3890'''
|-
|1 April 2007
|31 March 2008
|24
|38
|63
|08
|08
|27
|997
|17
|33
|186
|317
|2126
|'''3844'''
|-
|1 April 2008
|31 March 2009
|36
|34
|57
|26
|06
|39
|1121
|14
|27
|191
|331
|2095
|'''3977'''
|-
|1 April 2009
|31 March 2010
|18
|05
|98
|161
|03
|96
|768
|08
|19
|142
|407
|1526
|'''3251'''
|}

=== President of the Management Committee [[Shri Mahavirji]] ===
He is a lifetime member of this working committee since January 1997 and contributes his efforts on regular basis. Under his presidency February 2011~14, he took the effort to publish an Introduction of the members of this committee since its inception in the year 1930, to highlight their contributions and motivate fellow members.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mahaveerji.org/smarika.php|title=Shree Mahaveer|website=www.mahaveerji.org|access-date=8 February 2016|archive-date=15 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215075500/http://www.mahaveerji.org/smarika.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> He has broadly categorized his scope of work beyond the routine set of functions and activities which are regularly organised by the committee under the following heading.

A stamp was released with pictorial view of the temple along with the seal on postcard on 13th Rajpex 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indianstampghar.com/2012/01/my-stamp-released-with-shri-mahavirji-temple-shri-mahavirji-%E2%80%93-rajpex-2012/ |title=My Stamp released with Shri Mahavirji Temple, Shri Mahavirji – Rajpex 2012 | Customised Stamp | Indian Stamp Ghar |access-date=7 January 2016 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419131257/http://www.indianstampghar.com/2012/01/my-stamp-released-with-shri-mahavirji-temple-shri-mahavirji-%e2%80%93-rajpex-2012/ |url-status=usurped }}</ref>

== Recent activities ==
Following his retirement from the bench, Jain has campaigned against [[Child marriage in India|child marriage]], organised by Help Educate Children (HEC) and Awareness for Training, Motivation and Action (ATMA) supported by [[UNICEF]] India.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rajasthannews1.com/2015/12/need-to-change-mindset-to-stop-child.html | title=用户默认页面 }}</ref>

== Publications==
List of his publications during his tenure as Chairperson of Rajasthan Human Rights Commission:
* Human Rights according to Article-21 of the [[Constitution of India]].<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://rshrc.rajasthan.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/Images/pdf/HUMAN-RIGHTS-ARTICLE-21.pdf | title=Article-21 of the constitution of India | access-date=23 December 2015 | archive-date=23 December 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223091328/http://rshrc.rajasthan.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/Images/pdf/HUMAN-RIGHTS-ARTICLE-21.pdf | url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Human Rights & Duties according to Article-51(A).<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://rshrc.rajasthan.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/Images/pdf/HUMAN-RIGHTS-ARTICLE-51-A.pdf | title=मानवाधिकार और कर्तव्य (आर्टिकल-51ए के सन्दर्भ में) | language=hi | trans-title=Human rights and duties (Regarding Article 51A) | access-date=23 December 2015 | archive-date=23 December 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223091424/http://rshrc.rajasthan.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/Images/pdf/HUMAN-RIGHTS-ARTICLE-51-A.pdf | url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Points to remember on Human Rights Day.<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://rshrc.rajasthan.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/Images/pdf/HUMAN-RIGHTS-OF-HR.pdf | title=HUMAN RIGHTS - Human Rights Day - 10th December | access-date=23 December 2015 | archive-date=23 December 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223091220/http://rshrc.rajasthan.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/Images/pdf/HUMAN-RIGHTS-OF-HR.pdf | url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Human Rights and HIV/AIDS.<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://rshrc.rajasthan.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/Images/pdf/HUMAN-RIGHTS-AND-HIV.pdf | title=HIV/AIDS & Human rights | access-date=23 December 2015 | archive-date=23 December 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223091619/http://rshrc.rajasthan.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/Images/pdf/HUMAN-RIGHTS-AND-HIV.pdf | url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Policies & Procedures of working of Human Rights Commission.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://rshrc.rajasthan.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/Images/pdf/HUMAN-RIGHTS-AYOG-WORKING.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=23 December 2015 |archive-date=23 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223190306/http://rshrc.rajasthan.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/Images/pdf/HUMAN-RIGHTS-AYOG-WORKING.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Rules & Regulations of Human Rights Commission <ref>{{Cite web| url=http://rshrc.rajasthan.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/Images/pdf/HUMAN-RIGHTS-AYOG-RULES.pdf | title=आयोग द्वारा जारी दिशा - निर्देश एवं अन्य गतिविधियाँ | language=hi | trans-title=Guidelines and other activities issued by the Commission | access-date=23 December 2015 | archive-date=23 December 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223091529/http://rshrc.rajasthan.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/Images/pdf/HUMAN-RIGHTS-AYOG-RULES.pdf | url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Human Rights for Children.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://rshrc.rajasthan.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/Images/pdf/BALAKO-KE-ADHIKAR.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=23 December 2015 |archive-date=23 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223190254/http://rshrc.rajasthan.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/Images/pdf/BALAKO-KE-ADHIKAR.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Human Rights for Women.<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://rshrc.rajasthan.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/Images/pdf/HUMAN-RIGHTS-FOR-WOMEN.pdf | title=महिलाओं के कानूनी अधिकार | language=hi | trans-title=Legal rights of women | access-date=23 December 2015 | archive-date=23 December 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223091448/http://rshrc.rajasthan.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/Images/pdf/HUMAN-RIGHTS-FOR-WOMEN.pdf | url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Human Rights for schedule caste & tribes with special privileges.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://rshrc.rajasthan.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/Images/pdf/HUMAN-RIGHTS-FOR-SCST.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=23 December 2015 |archive-date=23 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223190205/http://rshrc.rajasthan.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/Images/pdf/HUMAN-RIGHTS-FOR-SCST.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Human Rights in reference to arrest.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://rshrc.rajasthan.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/Images/pdf/HUMAN-RIGHTS-AND-ARREST.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=23 December 2015 |archive-date=23 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223185952/http://rshrc.rajasthan.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/Images/pdf/HUMAN-RIGHTS-AND-ARREST.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Human Rights in reference to imprisonment or jail.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://rshrc.rajasthan.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/Images/pdf/HUMAN-RIGHTS-FOR-JAIL.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=23 December 2015 |archive-date=23 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223190230/http://rshrc.rajasthan.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/Images/pdf/HUMAN-RIGHTS-FOR-JAIL.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Human Rights in reference to MLA Scheme.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://rshrc.rajasthan.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/Images/pdf/HUMAN-RIGHTS-AND-MLA-SCHEME.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=23 December 2015 |archive-date=23 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223190244/http://rshrc.rajasthan.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/Images/pdf/HUMAN-RIGHTS-AND-MLA-SCHEME.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Human Rights in reference to Government Development schemes.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://rshrc.rajasthan.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/Images/pdf/HUMAN-RIGHTS-PLAN.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=23 December 2015 |archive-date=23 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223190046/http://rshrc.rajasthan.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/Images/pdf/HUMAN-RIGHTS-PLAN.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{official website|http://www.justicenagendrakjain.com/}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jain, Nagendra Kumar}}
[[Category:1942 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Judges of the Rajasthan High Court]]
[[Category:Chief justices of the Rajasthan High Court]]
[[Category:Chief justices of the Madras High Court]]
[[Category:Chief justices of the Karnataka High Court]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:People from Alwar]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian Jains]]

Bhu Varaha Swamy temple

2025-12-22T21:59:33Z

SilasCorrie: made location

{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Bhu Varaha Swamy Perumal Temple
| image = Srimushnam (4).jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu
| map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu
| coordinates = {{coord|11|24|7|N|79|24|19|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| native_name = Bhu Varaha Swamy Kovil
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Cuddalore District|Cuddalore]]
| location = [[Srimushnam]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = {{Plainlist|
* Bhu Varaha Swamy ([[Varaha]])
* Ambujavalli Thayar ([[Lakshmi]])
}}
| facade_direction =
| temple_tank =
| tower =
| festivals=
| architecture = [[South Indian architecture]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator = Vijayanagara Kings 
| website =
}}{{Short description|Hindu temple in Cuddalore}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}

The '''Bhu Varaha Swamy temple''' is a [[Hindu]] temple, located at [[Srimushnam]], in the South Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. Constructed in the [[Dravidian architecture|South Indian style]] of architecture, the temple is dedicated to [[Varaha]] (Bhu Varaha Swamy), the boar-[[avatar]] of the god [[Vishnu]] and his consort [[Lakshmi]] as Ambujavalli Thayar. It is Classified one among the '''108 [[Abhimana Kshethram]]''' of [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnavate]] tradition. One of the greatest [[Hindu]] scholars of [[Vaishnava]] [[Tattvavada]] ([[Dvaita]]) philosophy, [[Madhvacharya]], have come and resided in this temple many times.

The temple was built by the [[Thanjavur Nayak kingdom|Thanjavur Nayak]] king [[Achuthappa Nayak]], a vassal of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]]. A granite wall surrounds the temple, enclosing all the shrines and the temple tanks. There is a seven-tiered ''[[gopuram|rajagopuram]]'', the temple's gateway tower. This is one of important temples of [[Madhva Sampradaya|Madhva]] section. Jagadguru [[Madhvacharya]] visited this temple many times. He took even Chaturmasya deeksha here during this time he created ''Dhanda Teertha'' with his stick to quelch the thirst of a pregnant woman. Other prominent saints of [[Madhva Sampradaya]] such as [[Vyasatirtha]], [[Vadiraja Tirtha]], [[Raghuttama Tirtha]], [[Raghavendra Tirtha]] etc., have visited and stayed here for long time.

Six daily rituals and three yearly festivals are held at the temple, of which the Chariot festival, celebrated during the [[Tamil Calendar|Tamil month]] of ''Vaikasi'' (April–May), being the most prominent. The festival also symbolises [[Hindu-Muslim unity]] in the region - the flag of the chariot is provided by Muslims; they take offerings from the temple and present to Allah in the mosques. The temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Endowment Board of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]. The temple is one of the few temples where [[Muslim]]s are allowed to worship till the Ardha Mandapam.

==Legend==
The temple is associated with [[Varaha]], the boar [[avatar]] of [[Vishnu]]. The [[asura]] king [[Hiranyaksha]] stole the earth and took it to his realm of the [[Patala|netherworld]]. The earth-goddess [[Bhudevi]] prayed to Vishnu to rescue her. Pleased, Vishnu appeared here in the form of Varaha, a boar, killed the asura. The sweat of Sri Bhuvaraha Swamy dropped here, creating the temple tank (Nithya Pushkarani). In his dying wish, the asura king asked Vishnu to turn towards his direction; Vishnu obliged. The central icon faces towards the asura in the south, while his human body faces the devotees in the West. The festival icon, Yagya Varahaswamy, as requested by Bhudevi displays the regular features of Vishnu with his [[Panchajanya|conch]] and [[Sudarshana Chakra|chakra]] in his hands.<ref name=hindu/> As per another legend, a local Nawab on the county was ailing with Carbuncle and was given up by all the doctors. He is believed to have prayed Bhuvaraha and was cured off all his ailments. He made generous contributions to the temple and was later named Bhura Sahib. Each year the deity is taken to the village when his descendants make offerings to the deity.<ref name=Rao>{{cite book|title=Temples of Tamil Nadu|last=Rao|first=A.V.Shankaranarayana|publisher=Vasan Publications|isbn=978-81-8468-112-3|year=2012|pages=23–25}}</ref>

A unique tradition of the temple involves Hazrath Syed Sha Rahmathulla Shuttari, a revered [[Sufi]] saint who settled in Killai. He was granted 400 acres of land by Nawab Mohammad Ali Walajah. The [[Dargah]] trustee later sought assistance from a local tahsildar, Uppu Venkatarao, to demarcate the land, and in gratitude, 26 acres were permanently leased to the Sri Bhoo Varaha Swamy Temple Trust. This gesture of goodwill laid the foundation for a tradition of mutual respect. During the Masi Maham festival, the temple procession halts at the Dargah, where both communities exchange offerings—[[Tulsi]] leaves and a silk shawl from the temple, and rice, dry fruits, and prayers from the Dargah. This longstanding practice is a testament to the enduring harmony between Hindus and Muslims in the region.<ref>{{cite web |title=Srimushnam temple's tradition of harmony revived |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/puducherry/srimushnam-temples-tradition-of-harmony-revived/article17468635.ece |publisher=The Hindu |date=March 3, 2022 |access-date=January 6, 2025 |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303104753/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/puducherry/srimushnam-temples-tradition-of-harmony-revived/article17468635.ece |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Srimushnam (12).jpg|250px|thumb|Temple tank|left]]

The existence of Bhuvaraha Swamy temple by medieval Cholas and other existing constructions and the rajagopura was done by the Vijayanagara Empire.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}}
The temple was expanded by Thanjavur Nayak king [[Achuthappa Nayak]] (1560–1614 CE). The life size image of the king and his brothers are found in the sixteen pillared hall of the temple.<ref name=M7>[[#Madhavan|Madhavan 2007]], p. 7</ref> An epigraph dated 1068 in the nearby Shiva temples indicates gifts by [[Virarajendra Chola]] (1063–1070 CE) to the Varaha shrine.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}} Another inscription dated at 1100 by [[Kulothunga Chola I]] (1070–1120 CE) indicates a gift of a village to the temple, where the presiding deity is referred as Varaha Alvar.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}} The later inscriptions are from [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagara kings]] of the 14th century like [[Virupaksha Raya II]] (1465–1485 CE) dated 1471 CE, [[Sriranga I]] (1572–1586 CE), [[Venkata II]] (1586–1614 CE) indicating various gifts to the temple. The most notable contributions of the temple were from Achuthappa Nayak who built the sixteen pillared Purushasuktha Mandapa along with other smaller shrines of the temple.<ref name=M10>[[#Madhavan|Madhavan 2007]], p. 10</ref> The Zamindars of Udayarpalayam have contributed to the temple by offering costly jewels and commissioned additional structures, notably Udayavar Mandapam.<ref name=Rao/>

==Architecture==
[[File:Srimushnam (14).jpg|250px|thumb|Scroll work in the temple]]
There are two [[gopuram]]s (temple-towers at the entrance) in the temple and two precincts enclosed within large granite walls; the western tower is seven-tiered and is the commonly used entrance. The five-tiered one on the eastern side is opened only during [[Vaikunta Ekadasi|Vaikuntha Ekadashi]]. There is a small image of Srinavasa Perumal (Vishnu) on the upper portion of the inner side of the tower. Outside the temple, there is an {{convert|80|ft|m|abbr=on}} tall monolith pillar with the image of [[Garuda]] on its top facing the presiding deity of the temple. The [[Sthala Vriksha|sthala vriksha]] of the temple is an [[Ashvattha|ashvatha]] tree.<ref name=M17>[[#Madhavan|Madhavan 2008]], pp. 7-10</ref>

The central shrine houses the presiding deity Varaha (Bhu Varahaswamy). The {{convert|2|ft|m|abbr=on}}-[[Saligrama|shaligrama]] stone image depicts the boar-faced Varaha standing in a victorious posture with his hands on his waist; the human body faces West, while the head is turned towards the South. The ''[[utsavar]]'' (festival icon), Patharaavi, is made of [[panchaloha]] (a five-metal alloy) and is accompanied by two consorts as in most [[Vaishnava]] temples. The festival icon is housed in the Artha Mandapa, the hall before the sanctum.<ref name=M17/> The temple has two [[dvarapala]] (guarding deities) on both sides of the entrance of the central shrine made of [[panchaloha]], one of which is commissioned during the modern times. The older one on the left side was confiscated during the Mysore war and was having a wooden replica till it was replaced in 2004.<ref>{{cite news|title=Dwarabalaka idol sent to Srimushnam temple|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2004/08/28/stories/2004082805000300.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20141017174228/http://www.thehindu.com/2004/08/28/stories/2004082805000300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 October 2014|location=Thanjavur|date=28 August 2008|work=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=17 October 2014}}</ref>

The sixteen pillared hall is called Purushasuktha Mandapa and it is the place where the hymns of ''[[Purusha sukta]]'' are recited each day during sacred ablution of the presiding deity. The ''[[vimana]]'' over the sanctum is called Pavana Vimana and is surmounted by a gold-plated [[kalasha]]. The 16 columned pavilion is considered a masterpiece of Nayak art built by Achutappa Nayak.<ref name=M17/> The columns are sculpted with images of musicians, dancers and miniature idols. The ceiling has lotus medallion sculptures and scroll work. The central shrine is topped by a conical roof. The decorated outer walls are atypical of [[Chola Art]].<ref>[[#Michell|Michell 2013]]</ref> There is a shrine of [[Garuda]] and [[Nammazhwar|Nammalvar]] facing the sanctum away from the sixteen pillared hall. There is a separate shrine for Ambujavalli Thayar, the consort of Bhu Varaha Swamy in the second precinct which also houses the shrines of [[Andal]] and [[Ramanuja]]. Udayarpalaya Mandapam, as indicated by its name was built during the period of zamindars and it houses the Kannadi Arai (room of glasses). There are other shrines for [[Venugopalaswamy|Venugopala]], [[Vishwaksena|Vishvaksena]], [[Vedanta Desika]], [[Tirumangai Alvar|Thirumangai Alvar]], [[Manavala Mamunigal]], Kulanthai Amman and Tirukachi Nambi. There is a garden on the northern side of the temple that houses a shrine of [[Rama]]. In this temple there is a statue of [[Hanuman]] lifting Rama and [[Lakshmana]] on his shoulders.<ref name=M7/>
The temple is administered by the [[Hindu]] Religious and Charitable Endowments department of [[Tamil Nadu]] government. The religious head, the Pedda Jeeyar of [[Tirupati (city)|Tirupati]] is the permanent trustee of the temple.{{fact|date=July 2020}}

The temple bears the inscriptions in [[Telugu Language|Telugu]], one of which says the grants made by Sri Ranga Raya Deva of Vijayanagara.<ref>{{cite book|title=Lists of the Antiquarian Remains in the Presidency of Madras|year = 1882|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QswOAAAAQAAJ&dq=Achuthappa+Naik&pg=PA277|accessdate=5 November 2019}}</ref>

==Festivals and religious practices==
[[File:Srimushnam (7).jpg|250px|thumb|Temple well and major shrines|left]]
The rituals in the temple are followed as per ''[[Pancharatra|Pancharatara agama]]s''. The temple priests perform the ''[[puja (Hinduism)|puja]]'' (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. As at other Vishnu temples of Tamil Nadu, the priests belong to the [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnava]] community, from the [[Brahmin]] class. The temple rituals are performed six times a day: ''Ushathkalam'' at 7 a.m., ''Kalasanthi'' at 8:00 a.m., ''Uchikalam'' at 12:00 p.m., ''Sayarakshai'' at 6:00 p.m., ''Irandamkalam'' at 7:00 p.m. and ''Ardha Jamam'' at 8:30 p.m. Each ritual has three steps: ''alangaram'' (decoration), ''neivethanam'' (food offering) and ''deepa aradanai'' (waving of lamps) for both Sri Bhuvaraha Swamy Perumal and Sri Ambujavalli Thayar. During the last step of worship, ''[[nagaswaram|nadasvaram]]'' (pipe instrument) and ''[[tavil]]'' (percussion instrument) are played, religious instructions in the ''[[Vedas]]'' (sacred text) are recited by priests, and worshippers prostrate themselves in front of the [[Iconography of Shiva temples in Tamil Nadu#Dvajasthamba and Pali Peedam|temple mast]]. There are weekly, monthly, and fortnightly rituals performed in the temple.<ref name="dinamalar">{{cite web|title=Sri Bhuvaragaswami temple|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=788|publisher=Dinamalar|access-date=31 May 2014|year=2014}}</ref>

The temple is under the control of [[Madhva Brahmins]] and [[Iyengars]]. Madhva Brahmins and Sri Vaishnavas do Vedaparaya during pooja. The Madhvas specifically recite [[Gajendra Moksha]] and Srimushnam Puranam every day.

Some of the festivals of the temple has been practiced during the Nayak times as indicated by the inscriptions on the walls of the first precinct. The inscriptions indicate patronage for the festivals to be conducted during the presence of Sun in 12 zodiac signs during various months of the year. The usage of processional vehicles during this occasion is also prescribed.<ref>[[#Ayyar|Ayyar 1982]], p. 23</ref> The temple follows Pancharatra mode of worship. There are two Brahmotsavams celebrated in the temple, one each during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil month]] of ''Masi'' and other during the month of ''Chittirai'' (April–May). During the first, the festival deity of Bhu Varaha Swamy is taken for seven days around the villages of Srimushnam.<ref>[[#Madhavan|Madhavan 2008]], p. 11</ref> The chariot festival is a symbol of Hindu–Muslim unity in the region, with the flag of the temple chariot offered by the local Muslims. They also accept the offerings from the festival deity and present it to [[Allah]] in the mosques. The Muslim devotees thank Allah to have brought Bhu Varaha Swamy to their place.<ref name=hindu>{{cite news|title=Symbolising religious unity|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/religion/symbolising-religious-unity/article3404308.ece|work=The Hindu|last=S.|first=Prabhu|date=10 May 2012|accessdate=13 October 2014}}</ref> The other festivals are Sri Jayanti Utsavam during ''Aavani'', [[Navaratri]], [[Vijayadashami]], [[Deepavali]] and [[Makara Sankranti]].<ref name=M7/> The temple is one of the few temples where [[Muslim]]s are allowed to worship till the Ardha Mandapam.<ref name=Rao/>

==Religious importance==
[[File:Srimushnam (10).jpg|250px|thumb|Image of Paramapada Vasal]]
The temple is considered one of the eight ''Sywayambu Kshetras'' of Vishnu where presiding deity is believed to have manifested on its own. Seven other temples in the line are [[Srirangam Ranganathaswamy temple]], [[Tirumala Venkateswara Temple]], and [[Vanamamalai Perumal Temple]] in [[South India]] and [[Muktinath|Saligrama]], [[Naimisaranya]], [[Pushkar]] and [[Badrinath Temple]] in [[North India]].<ref name=Meena>{{cite book|title=Temples in South India|last=V.|first=Meena|publisher=Harikumar Arts|location=Kanniyakumari|year=1974|edition=1st|page=42}}</ref> Divine ablution is performed daily for the presiding deity, unlike other Vishnu temples where it is performed only occasionally. In Tirumala, devotees are supposed to visit the Bhu Varaha temple before they worship Lord Venkateshvara but in Srimushnam devotees visit the Srinivas temple in the western entrance before visiting Bhu Varaha Swamy. The temple is frequented by childless couple seeking children and unmarried people seeking marriage. The local belief is that the worship done to Saptha Kannigaigal in the temple leads to right match.<ref name=hindu/> The temple is counted as ''Abhibana Stalas'', the temples that are closer to the heart of Vishnu.
==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin|2}}
* {{cite book |last=Ayyar |first=P. V. Jagadisa |title=South Indian shrines: illustrated |year=1982|publisher=Asian Educational Services |location=New Delhi |isbn=8120601513|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NLSGFW1uZboC&dq=srimushnam&pg=PA423|ref=Ayyar}}
* {{cite book|title=Southern India: A Guide to Monuments Sites & Museums|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GdBbBAAAQBAJ&dq=srimushnam&pg=PT374|publisher=Roli Books Private Limited|year=2013|isbn=9788174369031|last=Michell|first=George|ref=Michell}}
* {{cite book|title=Vishnu Temples of South India Volume 1 (Tamil Nadu)|first=Chithra|publisher=Chithra Madhavan|last=Madhavan|isbn=978-81-908445-0-5|year=2007|ref=Madhavan}}
{{refend}}

{{commons category|Bhu Varaha Swamy temple}}
{{Famous Vishnu temples}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Cuddalore district]]
[[Category:Abhimana temples of Vishnu]]
[[Category:Varaha temples]]

Gil Sar

2025-11-27T08:26:46Z

SilasCorrie: enhanced details per standard format and fixed typos

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Short description|Lake in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India}}
{{Infobox lake
|name = Gil Sar
|image = Gil_Sar.jpg
|caption = A view of the Gil Sar from its Southern End near Gil Kadal
|alt = View of the Gil Sar from the south
|image_bathymetry =
|caption_bathymetry =
|pushpin_map=India Jammu and Kashmir
|pushpin_map_alt = Location of the lake within Jammu and Kashmir
|basin_countries = India
|location = [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India
|coords = {{coord|34|07|22|N|74|48|11|E|display=title,inline|region:IN_type:waterbody_source:GNS-enwiki}}
|lake_type =
|inflow =
|outflow = Narrow strait connecting to [[Khushal Sar]]
|catchment =
|length = ~{{convert|0.6|km|ft|abbr=on}}
|width = ~{{convert|0.2|km|ft|abbr=on}}
|area =
|depth =
|max-depth =
|volume =
|residence_time =
|shore =
|elevation = {{convert|1582|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|islands =
|cities =
|frozen =
}}

'''Gil Sar''' ([[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /ɡilʲ/ /sar/) is a [[lake]] located in [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India. The lake is named after [[Moorhen]] which is called '''Gil''' in Kashmiri language. It is in a highly deteriorated condition due to encroachment.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/opinion/restore-glory-of-khushalsar-gilsar-lakes/ | title=Restore glory of Khushalsar, Gilsar lakes | date=6 August 2023 }}</ref> The lake is sometimes considered a part of the [[Khushal Sar]] lake but is separated from it by a narrow [[strait]], which is spanned by a bridge known as Gil Kadal. The Gilsar lake is connected to the [[Nigeen Lake|Nigeen]] lake via the [[Nallah Amir Khan]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Gilsar battles for survival |url=http://wap.greaterkashmir.com/news/news/gilsar-lake-battles-for-survival/158896.html |date=18 Nov 2013 |access-date=21 Mar 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713202922/http://wap.greaterkashmir.com/news/news/gilsar-lake-battles-for-survival/158896.html |archive-date=2015-07-13 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Khushal Sar Breathing its last|url=http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/gk-magazine/khushal-sar-breathing-its-last/157557.html| first=A. Majeed | last=Kak | date=26 October 2013 | publisher=Greater Kashmir | access-date=7 March 2018 }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-06-16 |title=After bringing Khushal Sar back to glory, cleaning of nearby Gilsar begins |url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/after-bringing-khushal-sar-back-to-glory-cleaning-of-nearby-gilsar-begins/ |website=Daily Excelsior}}

{{Hydrography of Jammu and Kashmir}}
{{Kashmir Valley}}

[[Category:Lakes of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Srinagar]]
[[Category:Water pollution in India]]

{{JammuKashmir-geo-stub}}

Janki Lal Bhand

2025-11-19T18:41:07Z

SilasCorrie: adding a details - done

{{Short description|Indian performer of the art of impersonation}}
{{Infobox person
| native_name = जानकी लाल भांड
| native_name_lang = hi
| other_names = Monkey Man and बहरूपिया बाबा
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1 January 1943}}
| birth_place = [[Chittorgarh]], Kingdom of Mewar (present-day Rajasthan, India)
| image = Janki Lal Bhand (cropped).jpg
| caption = Janki Lal Bhand in 2024
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] (2024)
| occupation = [[Behrupiya]]
}}

'''Janki Lal Bhand''' (born 1943), also known as '''Monkey Man''' and '''''बहरूपिया बाबा''''', is an Indian [[Saang]] and [[Behrupiya|Behrupiya]] (impersonation) artist from [[Rajasthan]]. He is renowned for his mastery of the traditional art of disguise and impersonation, and has played a crucial role in reviving this folk tradition. He received the [[Padma Shri]] award in 2024, the fourth-highest civilian honour in India, for his contributions to the arts.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Janki Lal Bhand of Rajasthan Bhilwara who received Padma Shri award|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/rajasthan/bhilwara/janki-lal-bhand-of-rajasthan-bhilwara-who-received-padma-shri-award/articleshow/107169045.cms|website=Navbharat Times|language=hi}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Bhand was born on 1 January 1943 in [[Chittorgarh]], then part of the [[Kingdom of Mewar]]. He belongs to the [[Bhand]] community, traditionally associated with performance and satire in Indian society. He did not receive any formal education.<ref>{{Cite web|title=From impersonator to Padma Shri awardee: The inspiring journey of Janaki Lal Bhand|url=https://hindi.dynamitenews.com/story/the-journey-from-impersonator-to-becoming-padma-shri-know-who-is-jankilal-bhand|website=Dynamite News|language=hi}}</ref>

In 1963, he moved to [[Bhilwara]] where he initially worked as a labourer in a textile mill. However, his passion for performance led him to pursue Behrupiya art full-time.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Saini |first=Vishwanath |date=26 January 2024 |title=Jankilal Padma Shri Award: कौन हैं जानकीलाल, जिनकी बहुरूपिया कला को पद्म श्री, कभी करते थे मिल मजदूरी |url=https://hindi.oneindia.com/news/jaipur/jankilal-bhand-behrupiya-artist-from-bhilwara-who-will-got-padma-shri-award-2024-876755.html |work=OneIndia |language=hi}}</ref>

== Career ==
Bhand has been performing for over six decades and is known for portraying mythological, historical, and social characters with accuracy and flair. He is credited with keeping the Behrupiya tradition alive, especially at a time when it was fading from public memory.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Padma Shri Awardee Janki Lal Bhand: Keeping Rajasthan’s Behrupiya tradition alive|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hi/!bharat/janaki-lal-bhand-will-be-honored-padma-award-rjn24012605133|website=ETV Bharat|language=hi}}</ref>

He has performed in more than 10 countries, including the United States, United Kingdom, and Germany, where he gained international recognition as the "Monkey Man" for his animal impersonations. In India, he is affectionately known as "बहरूपिया बाबा".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Joshi |first=Naveen |date=22 April 2024 |title=लुप्त होती बहरूपिया कला सहजने वाले भीलवाड़ा के जानकीलाल भांड को राष्ट्रपति ने पद्मश्री से नवाजा |url=https://rajasthan.ndtv.in/rajasthan-news/jankilal-bhand-of-bhilwara-who-revived-the-dying-art-of-impersonation-was-awarded-padma-shri-by-the-president-5499926 |work=NDTV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Padma Shri award for impersonator Janaki Lal Bhand|url=https://www.abplive.com/states/rajasthan/padma-awards-2024-bhilwara-bahrupiya-janaki-lal-bhand-will-get-padma-shri-award-famous-as-monkey-man-ann-2595556|website=ABP News|language=hi}}</ref>

His acts are not limited to entertainment but often carry strong social messages about hygiene, education, caste equality, and national integration.<ref>{{Cite news |title=भीलवाड़ा के बहरूपिया बाबा को पद्मश्री अवॉर्ड:भांड कला को 3 पीढ़ियों से जिंदा रखा; मंकी मैन के नाम से हैं मशहूर |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/bhilwara/news/padma-shri-award-to-bahrupiya-baba-of-bhilwara-132497001.html |work=Dainik Bhaskar}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
[[Bhand]] belongs to the [[List_of_Scheduled_Castes_in_Rajasthan|Scheduled Caste community in Rajasthan]]. His family has been involved in Behrupiya performance for three generations.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Know what this Rajasthani artist awarded with Padma Shri is disappointed about|url=https://www.themooknayak.com/dalit/know-what-this-rajasthani-artist-who-has-been-awarded-padmashree-is-disappointed-about|website=The Mooknayak|language=hi}}</ref> He has a son, Laadu Lal Bhand, who is also active in the art form.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhilwara: भीलवाड़ा में बहुरूपिया कलाकार जानकीलाल भांड का भव्य स्वागत, पीएम और राष्ट्रपति का जताया आभार |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/rajasthan/bhilwara/bhilwara-grand-welcome-to-impersonator-jankilal-bhand-in-bhilwara-expressed-gratitude-to-pm-and-president/2227868 |website=Zee News |language=hi}}</ref>

He continues to advocate for the promotion and institutional support of traditional folk arts, particularly Behrupiya, and has called on younger generations to take up the mantle.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Padma Shri awardee Janaki Lal Bhand says youth should learn this traditional art |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hi/!state/padma-shree-awardee-international-impersonator-artist-jankilal-bhand-said-he-wants-to-connect-young-generation-to-this-art-rjs24042904015|website=ETV Bharat|language=hi}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Behrupiya]]
* [[Saang]] (folk theatre)
* [[List_of_Padma_Shri_award_recipients_(2020–2029)|Padma Shri recipients 2024]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhand, Janki Lal}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1943 births]]
[[Category:Indian artists]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:People from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Impressionist artists]]

Mirza Shah Abbas

2025-10-28T08:38:30Z

SilasCorrie: added info

{{Short description|Mughal prince (1845–1910)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Refimprove|date=May 2017}}
{{Infobox monarch
| caption = Photograph of Mirza Shah Abbas
| image = Mirza Shah Abbas, son of Bahadur Shah II.jpg
| name = Mirza Shah Abbas
| title =
| full name = Shahzada Mirza Shah Abbas Bahadur
| birth_date = 1845
| birth_place = [[Red Fort]], [[Old Delhi|Delhi]], [[Mughal Kingdom]]
| death_date = 25 December {{death year and age|1910|1845}}
| death_place = [[Rangoon]], [[Burma Province]], [[British Raj]]
| burial_place =
| spouses = {{plainlist|
*Aisha Begum
*Jumma Bibi
*Husaini Bibi
*Said Bibi}}
| father = [[Bahadur Shah Zafar]]
| mother = Mubarak-un-Nissa Begum<ref name="j768">{{cite book | last=Pati | first=Biswamoy | title=The Great Rebellion of 1857 in India: Exploring Transgressions, Contests and Diversities | publisher=Routledge | date=February 25, 2010 | isbn=978-1-135-22514-8 | page=151}}</ref>
| religion = [[Islam]]
| issue = {{plainlist|
*Mirza Muhammad Muazzim
*Mirza Muhammad Akhtar
*Mirza Muhammad Rahmat
*Mirza Muhammad Bidar Bakht
*Bilqis Zamani Begum
*Shamim Akhtar}}
| house = [[Mughal dynasty|Mughal]]
}}

'''Mirza Shah Abbas Bahadur''' (1845 – 25 December 1910) was son of the last Mughal Emperor [[Bahadur Shah Zafar]].<ref>[http://uqconnect.net/~zzhsoszy/ips/misc/mughal.html The House of Timur: Delhi's Royal Family] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613062308/http://uqconnect.net/~zzhsoszy/ips/misc/mughal.html |date=2011-06-13 }}</ref> He was a younger brother of Prince [[Mirza Mughal]] and former Crown Princes [[Mirza Dara Bakht]], [[Mirza Jawan Bakht (born 1841)|Mirza Jawan Bakht]], and [[Mirza Fath-ul-Mulk Bahadur]].

==Sources==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1845 births]]
[[Category:1910 deaths]]
[[Category:Mughal princes]]
[[Category:People from Delhi]]
[[Category:Sons of emperors]]

Ramanujam Varatharaja Perumal

2025-10-23T06:27:24Z

SilasCorrie: Improved article clarity and structure

{{Short description|Indian scientist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{BLP sources|date=January 2008}}
'''Ramanujam Varatharaja Perumal''' is an aeronautical scientist and an [[aerospace engineer]] of [[India]]. He was a director at LPSC, a unit of Indian Space Research Organisation(ISRO).

He was responsible for the flight integration and launch operations of the first three PSLV flights. From 1996 to 2001, he was Project Director of the Geo-Synchronous Launch Vehicle Programme (GSLV). From May 2001 he has been the Associate Director (Projects), [[Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre]] (VSSC), Thiruvananthapuram.

He was awarded the [[Padma Bhushan]] award by Government of India in 2002.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India | date=2015 | access-date=21 July 2015 | archive-date=15 October 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20070310213240/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2011/stories/20030606002609600.htm]}}
{{Indian space programme}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2000–09}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Perumal, Ramanujam Varatharaja}}
[[Category:ISRO people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in science & engineering]]
[[Category:Engineers from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian aerospace engineers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian engineers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{India-scientist-stub}}

Sangti Valley

2025-09-21T09:42:11Z

SilasCorrie:

{{Short description|Valley in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
'''Sangti Valley''' is located in [[Eastern Himalaya|Eastern Himalayan Foothills]], [[West Kameng district]] of [[Arunachal Pradesh]]. Sangti River flows along with the valley.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sangti Valley {{!}} District West Kameng, Government of Arunachal Pradesh {{!}} India |url=https://westkameng.nic.in/tourist-place/sangti-valley/ |access-date=2023-03-08 |language=en-US}}</ref> Sangti river meets with Dirang River at Dirang Dzong village, which is located near the Dirang town.

[[File:Sangti river.jpg|Sangti river|thumb|200px]]

Sangti Valley is known for its picturesque scenery and weather.
Sangti village is located onsite of valley and about 15 kilometres from [[Dirang]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-05-07 |title=Sangti Village |url=https://kalpavriksh.org/sangti-village/ |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=Kalpavriksh |language=en-US}}</ref> The valley is also a tourist destination for trekkers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-29 |title=The Magic of Sangti Valley, Dirang, Arunachal Pradesh |url=https://lemonicks.com/asia/india/arunachal-pradesh/sangti-valley-dirang/ |access-date=2023-03-08 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Transportation ==

=== Road ===
The village connected through Bomdilla - Tawang highway. There is a road which connects Dirang Dzong village to Sangti Village which is about 10 km long.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-16 |title=Sangti Valley Travel Guide & Travelogue {{!}} The Travelling Slacker |url=https://travellingslacker.com/sangti-valley-travel-guide/ |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=travellingslacker.com |language=en-GB}}</ref>

== Places ==

* '''Sangti Village''', village located inside the valley. The village comes under Dirang circle of West Kameng district. The village located 45 km from district headquarter at [[Bomdila]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pal |first=Suchismita |date=2022-10-26 |title=Sangti Valley In Arunachal Pradesh Is A Hidden Paradise With Lush Green Pastures And Misty Hills |url=https://curlytales.com/sangti-valley-in-arunachal-pradesh-is-a-hidden-paradise-with-lush-green-pastures-and-misty-hills/ |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=Curly Tales |language=en-US}}</ref> The village is mostly inhibited by [[Monpa people]] who follow [[Mahayana|Mahayana Buddhism]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Rachel |date=2016-01-18 |title=Secret Little Sangti Valley in NE India |url=https://hippie-inheels.com/sangti-valley/ |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=Hippie In Heels |language=en-US}}</ref> The population of the village is 630.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sangti village in Dirang taluka, West Kameng, Arunachal Pradesh |url=https://vill.co.in/arunachal-pradesh/west-kameng/dirang-246015660/sangti-015662616710/ |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=vill.co.in |language=en}}</ref>
* '''Buddhist Monasteries''', there are many Monpa worshipped monasteries located alongside valley.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shah |first=Jahnavi |title=Explore A Unique Cultural & Community Experience In Arunachal Pradesh This March |url=https://homegrown.co.in/homegrown-explore/explore-a-unique-cultural-community-experience-in-arunachal-pradesh-this-march |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=Homegrown |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-06 |title=Sangti Valley Dirang, Arunachal Pradesh - A Hidden Paradise |url=https://imvoyager.com/sangti-valley-dirang-arunachal-pradesh/ |access-date=2023-03-08 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* '''Sangti Valley Sheep Farm''', is sheep breeding farm located 7 km from Dirang located on bank of Sangti river.
* '''Campsite''', there many campsites located in the valley along with the river. They are owned and maintained by locals.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-19 |title=Sangti Valley - 7 Reasons To Discover This Secluded Wonder In Arunachal Pradesh! |url=https://thirdeyetraveller.com/sangti-valley-arunachal-pradesh/ |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=thirdeyetraveller.com |language=en-GB}}</ref>

== Wildlife ==
The valley is breeding centre for endangered specie of [[Black-necked crane]] (thing thung karmu).<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Black-necked cranes shortening their stay in Sangti {{!}} The Arunachal Times |url=https://arunachaltimes.in/index.php/2021/12/06/black-necked-cranes-shortening-their-stay-in-sangti/ |access-date=2023-03-08 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-12-04 |title=In Arunachal, picnickers, feral dogs threaten black-necked crane wintering site |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/in-arunachal-picnickers-feral-dogs-threaten-black-necked-crane-wintering-site/article37837168.ece |access-date=2023-03-08 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-02 |title=Human activity disturbs quiet habitat of black-necked cranes in Arunachal Pradesh |url=https://india.mongabay.com/2021/06/human-activity-disturbs-quiet-habitat-of-black-necked-cranes-in-arunachal-pradesh/ |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=Mongabay-India |language=en-US}}</ref> The bird is considered holy in Monpa communities resides in valley.<ref>{{Cite web |title=As black-necked cranes return to Tawang, expert says awareness key for survival |url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/wildlife-biodiversity/as-black-necked-cranes-return-to-tawang-expert-says-awareness-key-for-survival-62382 |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=www.downtoearth.org.in |language=en}}</ref>

[[File:Black Necked Crane (167276259).jpeg|thumbnail|200px|Black Necked Crane]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Wikivoyage|Dirang}}
{{Arunachal Pradesh}}

{{coord missing|Arunachal Pradesh}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in West Kameng district]]

Ethical Code for Digital News Websites

2025-09-03T05:41:25Z

SilasCorrie:

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
After 75 years of independence from the [[British Empire]], the Britishers passed an act after the first world war of independence in 1857, which curb the freedom of expression.<ref>{{cite news |title=Centre readying bill to regulate digital news media for first time. |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/centre-readying-bill-to-regulate-digital-news-media-for-first-time-read-here-11657880341275.html |access-date=28 December 2022 |work=mint |date=15 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Government of India]] and the [[News Broadcasters & Digital Association|Digital News Publishers Association]] have drawn up the [[Ethical code|Code of Ethics]], namely the '''Ethical Code for Digital News Websites''', for the [[Electronic publishing|Digital Publishers]] and [[Online newspaper|News Websites]] in order to demonstrate the publisher's commitment to responsible digital publishing even as it, in compliance with Article 19(1) of the Constitution of India 1949, protects publishers' constitutionally mandated freedoms and keeps under review and scrutinises any developments likely to restrict the gathering and dissemination of news, current affairs, or any other content.<ref>{{cite web |title=Article 19(1) in The Constitution Of India 1949 |url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1142233/ |website=indiankanoon.org |access-date=28 December 2022}}</ref>

The mandate of the Code of Ethics is to maintain the standards of digital publishing and protect and maintain the independence of journalists, content entities, and publishers.<ref>{{cite news |title=Code Of Ethics For Digital News Websites - Insidesport |url=https://www.insidesport.in/code-of-ethics/ |access-date=28 December 2022 |work=www.insidesport.in |date=28 October 2022}}</ref>

== Censorship ==
* [[Yahoo india.com|Yahoo India]] voluntarily withdrew and officially announced its intention to discontinue its media publishing and similar services in India in order to comply with the [[Foreign direct investment in India|Foreign Direct Investment]] law laid down in the Code of Ethics.<ref>{{cite news |title=Yahoo shuts down its news websites in India over FDI rules |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/technology/yahoo-shuts-down-its-news-websites-in-india-over-fdi-rules/articleshow/85649998.cms |access-date=28 December 2022 |work=The Economic Times}}</ref>

==References==
{{Portal|Freedom of speech|India}}
{{reflist}}

{{India topics}}
{{Social issues in India}}
{{Asia topic|Censorship in}}
{{Censorship}}

[[Category:Censorship in India]]
[[Category:Politics of India]]
[[Category:Internet in India]]

{{India-poli-stub}}