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M. A. Chidambaram Stadium

2023-10-13T08:13:24Z

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{{short description|Cricket stadium in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox venue
| name = M. A. Chidambaram Stadium
| nickname = ''Chepauk Stadium''
| image = MA Chidambaram Stadium In the Night during a CSK Game.jpg
| image_size = 350px
| image_caption = The M. A. Chidambaram Stadium
| pushpin_map = #India
| pushpin_map_caption = The venue in India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| former_names = Madras cricket club ground
| address = Chennai, [[Chennai district]], Tamil Nadu, India
| city = [[Chennai]]
| country = India
| location = [[Chepauk]], [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|13|03|46|N|80|16|46|E}}
| architect = East Coast Constructions [[Hopkins Architects]], [[London]]<ref name="hopkins.co.uk">{{cite web|title = Construction Begins at Chennai|publisher = Hopkins Architects|date = 27 November 2009|url = http://www.hopkins.co.uk/news/2009/74/|access-date = 16 October 2011|archive-date = 25 December 2018|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181225014713/https://www.hopkins.co.uk/news/2009/74/|url-status = dead}}</ref>
| genre = Sporting events
| seating_type = All seaters [[Stadium seating]]
| seating_capacity = 50,000<ref>{{Cite web |title=MA Chidambaram Stadium |website=Cricbuzz.com |url=https://m.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/5204/australia-tour-of-india-2023/venues/11/ma-chidambaram-stadium |access-date=2023-02-16}}</ref>
| field_shape = Round
| surface = grass
| owner = [[Tamil Nadu Cricket Association]]
| operator = [[Tamil Nadu Cricket Association]]
| type = Stadium
| embedded = {{infobox cricket ground|embed=yes
|ground_name = M. A. Chidambaram Stadium
|establishment = {{start date and age|1916}}
|floodlights = Yes
|tenants =[[Chennai Super Kings]] (2008 - present) [[Tamil Nadu cricket team]] (1930 - present) [[India national cricket team]] (1934 - present)
|nickname = Chepauk Stadium Lord's of India
|end1 = KMK Stand End
|end2 = V Pattabhiraman Gate End
|international = true
|firsttestdate = 10–13 February
|firsttestyear = 1934
|firsttesthome = India
|firsttestaway = England
|lasttestdate = 13–17 February
|lasttestyear = 2021
|lasttesthome = India
|lasttestaway = England
|firstodidate = 9 October
|firstodiyear = 1987
|firstodihome = India
|firstodiaway = Australia
|lastodidate = 13 October
|lastodiyear = 2023
|lastodihome = New Zealand
|lastodiaway = Bangladesh
|firstt20idate = 11 September
|firstt20iyear = 2012
|firstt20ihome = India
|firstt20iaway = New Zealand
|lastt20idate = 11 November
|lastt20iyear = 2018
|lastt20ihome = India
|lastt20iaway = West Indies
| onlywtestdate = 7–9 November
| onlywtestyear = 1976
| onlywtesthome = India
| onlywtestaway = West Indies
| firstwodidate = 23 February
| firstwodiyear = 1984
| firstwodihome = India
| firstwodiaway = Australia
| lastwodidate = 5 March
| lastwodiyear = 2007
| lastwodihome = Australia
| lastwodiaway = New Zealand
| firstwt20idate = 23 March
| firstwt20iyear = 2016
| firstwt20ihome = South Africa
| firstwt20iaway = Ireland
| lastwt20idate = 27 March
| lastwt20iyear = 2016
| lastwt20ihome = England
| lastwt20iaway = Pakistan
|year1 = 1916–present
|club1 = [[Tamil Nadu cricket team|Tamil Nadu]]
|club3= [[ Tamil Nadu women's cricket team]]
|year2 = 1934-present
|club2 = [[Indian national cricket team|India]]
|date = 22 March
|year = 2023
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/srilanka/content/ground/58008.html ESPNcricinfo
}}
| publictransit = {{rint|chennai|m}} {{rcb|Chennai Metro|blue|croute}} at [[Government Estate metro station|Government Estate]] 
{{rint|chennai|s}} at [[Chepauk railway station|Chepauk]]
}}

'''Muthiah Annamalai Chidambaram Stadium''', commonly known as the '''Chepauk Stadium''', is a cricket stadium in [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |title=About M. A. Chidambaram Stadium |url=https://www.bcci.tv/venues/1/m-a-chidambaram-stadium |website=BCCI |access-date=20 February 2021}}</ref> Established in 1916, it is the second oldest cricket stadium in the country after [[Eden Gardens]] in [[Kolkata]]. <ref name=":0" />

Formerly known as Madras Cricket Club Ground, the stadium is named after [[M. A. Chidambaram|M. A. Chidambaram Chettiar]], former president of [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]] and Head of [[Tamil Nadu Cricket Association|TNCA]]. It is the home ground of the [[Tamil Nadu cricket team]] and the [[Indian Premier League]] team [[Chennai Super Kings]]. Chepauk hosted its first Test match on 10 February 1934, the first [[Ranji Trophy]] match in 1936 and the [[Indian cricket team]]'s first [[Test cricket|test victory]] in 1952 against [[England cricket team|England]]. The [[Australian cricket team in India in 1986–87|1986 India-Australia match]] held at Chepauk was only the second ever [[Tied Test]] in the history of the game.

==Location==
The stadium is located at [[Chepauk]], a few hundred meters from [[Marina beach]] along the [[Bay of Bengal]]. The stadium can be accessed from Wallajah Road in the north, Babu Jagjivanram Road in the west and Pycrofts Road in the south. The stadium is connected through the [[Chennai Metro]] by the [[Government Estate metro station|Government Estate station]]. It is also connected through the [[Chepauk (Chennai MRTS)|Chepauk MRTS railway station]] which lies on the [[Chennai Beach]]—[[Velachery]] section of the [[Chennai MRTS]]. The [[Buckingham Canal]] runs tangentially to the north side of the stadium.

Chepauk stadium is located across [[Chepauk Palace]], the official residence of the [[Nawab of Arcot]] from 1768 to 1855. The stadium site used to be part of the palace grounds of the Chepauk Palace. Three [[Indo Saracenic]] style pillars at the entrance of the stadium are the last remnants of the association with the erstwhile palace grounds. The pillars are not built by the state cricket associtare dated back to the rule of [[Nawab]] [[Muhammed Ali Khan Wallajah]]<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Passing through the gates of history |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/passing-through-the-gates-of-history/articleshow/58232413.cms |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=20 February 2021}}</ref><ref name="chepaukhistory">{{cite web |date=20 October 2019 |title=Those Were The Days: The day Chepauk spun India into cricket history |url=https://www.dtnext.in/city/2019/10/20/those-were-the-days-the-day-chepauk-spun-india-into-cricket-history |access-date=20 February 2021 |website=DT Next}}</ref>

==History==
In 1859, [[Madras Presidency]] acquired Chepauk palace in an auction for {{INR}}589,000.<ref name ="MadrasMCC">{{cite web |last1=V |first1=Ramnarayan |title=An MCC of our own |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/an-mcc-of-our-own-566331 |website=Cricinfo |access-date=20 February 2021}}</ref><ref name="prestadium">{{cite web |title=CRICKET IN MADRAS |url=http://madrasramblings.blogspot.com/2013/07/cricket-in-madras.html |website=Madras Vignettes |date=16 July 2013 |access-date=20 February 2021}}</ref> In 1865, the government gave permission to build a pavilion at the palace grounds to Madras Cricket Club. The pavilion was finished in 1866. The pavilion was reconstructed in 1892<ref>{{cite web |title=The Madras that was |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/article6331271.ece/photo/31/ |website=Frontline |access-date=20 February 2021}}</ref> and was utilized till 1982 when it was demolished as part of the stadium renovation.<ref name="prestadium"/>

Chepauk Stadium was established in 1916 and has been the home venue of the Tamil Nadu cricket team ever since.<ref name="sureshmenonarticle">{{cite web |last1=Menon |first1=Suresh |title=Indian cricket's spiritual home |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/suresh-menon-on-chennai-cricket-481262 |website=Cricinfo |access-date=20 February 2021}}</ref> It is the second oldest cricket stadium in the country after [[Eden Gardens]] in [[Kolkata]], still holding all international cricket matches. Bombay Gymkhana being the first is not in use for international cricket.

From 1960 to 1988, Chennai hosted a Test match in the second week of January which was termed the Pongal Test, as it coincided with the [[Pongal (festival)|Pongal]] harvest festival.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Arjun |first1=Siddharth |title=Pongal Test: Forgotten tradition of Indian cricket |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/pongal-test-forgotten-tradition-of-indian-cricket |website=Sportskeeda |date=15 January 2019 |access-date=20 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Pongal Test – The history of India's own Boxing Day cricket match |url=https://thebridge.in/cricket/pongal-test-history-indias-boxing-day-cricket-match/ |website=The Bridge |date=13 January 2021 |access-date=20 February 2021}}</ref>

==Renovations==
In June 2010, reconstruction work of the stadium was taken up at the cost of {{INRConvert|175|c}}.<ref>{{cite news|title=N Srinivasan unanimously elected TNCA President|url=http://cricket.zeenews.com/fullstory.aspx?nid=21399|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707094319/http://cricket.zeenews.com/fullstory.aspx?nid=21399|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 July 2012|work=Zee News|date=28 June 2009|access-date=16 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Upgradation/Modernisation of M.A.Chidambaram Stadium|url=http://www.tnca.in/LiveSite/DisplayActivity.aspx|publisher=TNCA|access-date=16 October 2011|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111019155218/http://www.tnca.in/LiveSite/DisplayActivity.aspx|archivedate=19 October 2011}}</ref> The plan consisted of constructing three new reinforced concrete stands designated I, J, and K accommodating 12,000 spectators and 24 hospitality boxes under translucent PTFE membrane roofs.<ref name="TOI_NewStandsReadyForODI">{{cite news|title=New Chepauk stands ready for Pakistan ODI|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|location=Chennai|date=19 December 2012|url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-19/top-stories/35913256_1_tnca-tamil-nadu-cricket-association-statutory-bodies|archive-url = https://archive.today/20130126075356/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-19/top-stories/35913256_1_tnca-tamil-nadu-cricket-association-statutory-bodies|url-status = dead|archive-date = 26 January 2013|access-date=25 December 2012}}</ref> [[Hopkins Architects]], [[London]] and Nataraj & Venkat Architects, [[Chennai]] were contracted by the [[Tamil Nadu Cricket Association]].<ref name="hopkins.co.uk" />

The renovation was completed in 2011 and the old roofing with pillars that often blocked the view in the old stadium were replaced by light quad conical roofing held together by cables. The stadium can currently accommodate 50,000 spectators. The stands are at a gradient of 36° and lets the sea breeze in to get the ground's traditional swing back.<ref>{{cite news|last=Dinakar|first=S.|title=Chepauk's new innings|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai|date=16 February 2011|url=http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/metroplus/article1461105.ece|access-date=16 October 2011}}</ref>

On 31 March 2015, the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] ruled that the renovation violates regulations relating to public safety.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/cricketnext/demolish-unauthorised-construction-in-ma-chidambaram-stadium-sc/537290-78.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401051206/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/cricketnext/demolish-unauthorised-construction-in-ma-chidambaram-stadium-sc/537290-78.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 April 2015|title=Demolish unauthorised construction in MA Chidambaram stadium says SC|work=IBN Live|date=31 March 2015|access-date=26 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/cricketnews/supreme-court-orders-srinivasan-led-tn-cricket-body-to-demolish-three-chepauk-stands/article1-1332694.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401214532/http://www.hindustantimes.com/cricketnews/supreme-court-orders-srinivasan-led-tn-cricket-body-to-demolish-three-chepauk-stands/article1-1332694.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 April 2015|title=Supreme court orders TN to demolish three cheupak stadiums|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=1 April 2016|access-date=26 February 2016}}</ref> The court ruled that the parts of the renovation which violate the regulations must be demolished and until the appropriate planning permissions are issued and the demolition is complete, three stands (I, J, K) must remain sealed.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://zeenews.india.com/sports/cricket/demolish-unauthorised-construction-at-chepauk-stadium-sc_1570884.html|title=Demolish unauthorised construction at Chepauk says SC|work=Zee news|date=31 March 2015|access-date=26 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/chepauk-the-wait-for-planning-permissions/article7055516.ece|title=Chepauk waits for planning permissions|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=1 April 2015|access-date=26 February 2016}}</ref> After their construction, cricket matches took place in the stadium with the I, J, and K stands locked for spectators. The stands were finally de-sealed and opened in March 2020.<ref>{{Cite twitter |title=The I, J, K Stands at the M.A. Chidambaram Stadium were de-sealed and opened today (Friday, 13 March, 2020). |user=tncacricket |number=1238490017590173697 |access-date=2020-08-18 |website=Twitter}}</ref>

In December 2021, the old Anna pavilion, Anna pavilion stand and MCC clubhouse were demolished to make way for a new pavilion and new stands.<ref name=ren>{{Cite web|last=Kumar|first=C Santhosh|date=2021-11-25|title=Renovated Chepauk stadium likely to be ready for new season|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/in-other-news/251121/renovated-chepauk-stadium-likely-to-be-ready-for-new-season.html|access-date=2021-12-26|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref> This is expected to be complete in 2023. Along with this, temporary seating and standing are getting removed and permanent seating are installed bringing down the capacity to 40,000.<ref name=ren/> This is done at a cost of ₹139 crore ($16.9 million).

The new stand which will house the Anna Pavilion at the M. A. Chidambaram Stadium is set to be named after former Tamil Nadu chief minister [[M. Karunanidhi]]. A cutting-edge indoor training facility will be located on the ground floor of the redesigned Anna Pavilion. It will be inaugurated on March 17 2023 by the Tamil Nadu CM [[M. K. Stalin]] accompanied by [[Chennai Super Kings]] Captain [[MS Dhoni]]. At that time, a new Madras Cricket Club stand will also be completed.<ref>{{cite news |last= Chauhan |first= Anukul |date= 10 March 2023|title=Ahead of IND vs AUS Chennai ODI, CSK skipper MS Dhoni & Tamil Nadu CM MK Stalin to inaugurate new stand at MA Chidambaram Stadium named after M Karunanidhi|url=https://www.insidesport.in/ipl-2023-ahead-of-ind-vs-aus-chennai-odi-csk-skipper-ms-dhoni-tamil-nadu-cm-mk-stalin-to-inaugurate-new-stand-at-ma-chidambaram-stadium-named-after-m-karunanidhi-on-march-17-check-all-details/|work= |location=InsideSport |access-date=10 March 2023}} </ref>

The TNCA has created an exception to honour the deceased five-time CM Karunanidhi, even though none of the stands are named after any former player, administrator, or politician. He died in 2018. Karunanidhi had a regular presence at games at Chepauk throughout his political career. He was elected as an MLA there during his last two terms as chief minister.

==Lease==
The total area of the stadium is {{convert|752,000|sqft|order=flip}}. This is under lease agreement between government and the association. In April 2015, the lease agreement between the government and association lapsed.<ref name="lease">[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/tnca-owes-government-rs-2081-crore-rent-for-chepauk-stadium/articleshow/59677888.cms TNCA owes government Rs 2,081 crore rent for Chepauk stadium]</ref>
In November 2019, the lease period of the stadium was extended by the Tamil Nadu government for 21 years from 2015.
==Notable events==
* The first match of the [[Ranji Trophy]] was held on 4 November 1934 between [[Tamil Nadu cricket team|Madras]] and [[Karnataka cricket team|Mysore]] at Chepauk.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/15/15236.html|title=Scorecard, Madras v Mysore|publisher=cricketarchive.com|access-date=19 March 2016}}</ref> [[M J Gopalan]] of Madras bowled the first ball to N Curtis.
* India recorded their first test victory, in their 24th match, against England at Chepauk in 1952.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www1.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ARCHIVE/1950S/1951-52/ENG_IN_IND/|title=England in India, 1951–52|publisher=ESPN Cricinfo|access-date =20 September 2006}}</ref>
* The second ever [[Tied Test]] in cricket history was played here between [[Australian cricket team in India in 1986–87|India and Australia in 1986]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=ESPN Cricinfo|title=Where history is made|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/travel/content/current/story/482178.html|access-date=16 October 2011}}</ref>
* [[Sunil Gavaskar]] scored his 30th test match century in 1983 breaking [[Don Bradman]]'s record for most centuries in test cricket.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131228/sports-cricket/article/when-sunil-gavaskar-upstaged-don-bradman|title=When Gavaskar upstaged Bradman|newspaper=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=28 December 2013|access-date=19 March 2016}}</ref>
*[[Narendra Hirwani]]'s 8 wickets for 61 runs against the West Indies in January 1988 are the best [[Bowling analysis|bowling figures]] by an Indian on Test début and the third overall.<ref>{{cite web|title=Records / Test matches / Bowling records / Best figures in a innings on debut|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283346.html|publisher=ESPN Cricinfo|access-date=2 July 2023}}</ref> As of July 2023, he is the only Indian cricketer to take ten or more wickets in Test debut. Hirwani's figures of 16 wickets for 136 runs in the match are a record for any bowler on début.<ref>{{cite web|title=Records / Test matches / Bowling records / Best figures in a match on debut|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283352.html|publisher=ESPN Cricinfo|access-date=2 July 2023}}</ref>
* [[Saeed Anwar]] of [[Pakistan cricket team|Pakistan]] scored 194 against India in 1997, the highest ODI score at that time.<ref name="Sachin's_200">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/series-tournaments/south-africa-in-india-2010/top-stories/Sachin-becomes-first-batsman-to-score-200-in-an-ODI/articleshow/5611817.cms|title=Sachin becomes first batsman to score 200 in an ODI|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=24 February 2010 |access-date=24 November 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricketworld4u.com/articles/sachin-becomes-1st-batsman-to-score-200-3510.php|title=Sachin break Anwar's Record|publisher=Cricketworld4u.com|access-date=24 November 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100506081814/http://www.cricketworld4u.com/articles/sachin-becomes-1st-batsman-to-score-200-3510.php|archivedate=6 May 2010}}</ref>
* On 15 October 2004, [[Shane Warne]] surpassed [[Muttiah Muralitharan]]'s tally of 532 Test wickets to become the highest wicket taker during the time.
* [[Virender Sehwag]] scored 319 against South Africa, in the home series in April 2008 in the first Test at M A Chidambaram Stadium in [[Chennai]], having reached 300 off just 278 balls, the fastest triple century in test history. Sehwag became only the third batsman after [[Donald Bradman]] and [[Brian Lara]] to score two triple centuries in Test Cricket. He scored 257 runs the third day of the match, which was the most runs scored by an individual batsman on a single day of a Test match since 1954, when [[Denis Compton]] made 273 runs on the second day of the [[Nottingham]] Test against Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://content-ind.cricinfo.com/india/content/story/344333.html|title=The day the records tumbled|work=ESPN Cricinfo|date = 17 April 2008|access-date=19 March 2016}}</ref>
*[[Rahul Dravid]] completed 10,000 test runs in Chepauk Stadium against South Africa in the same match where Sehwag scored 319. Rahul Dravid eventually made a 100 in that test innings as well.
* [[Sachin Tendulkar]] has scored more runs in Chepauk than any other venue in India with 876 runs in nine Tests at an average of 87.60.<ref>{{cite news|title = India v England, 1st Test, Chennai, 5th day: A fourth-innings special|url = http://content-ind.cricinfo.com/indveng/content/current/story/382317.html|work=ESPN Cricinfo|date=15 December 2008|access-date = 25 January 2009}}</ref>
* On 22 March 2001, India defeated Australia by 2 wickets to clinch the [[Border Gavaskar Trophy]] following India's win in Kolkata which ended the 16 match winning streak of Australia in test matches.
* India's 387/4 in the fourth innings of the first Test against England in December 2008, became the highest successful run chase in a test match in India.
*[[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]] scored 224 in the 1st test against Australia in the home series on 24 February 2013. He is the first Indian Wicket-keeper Batsman to score a Double Century in Test Cricket and 7th Wicket-keeper in Test Cricket to do so. India finished the innings on 572.
*[[Karun Nair]] scored 303* not out in the 5th test against England in the home series on 19 December 2016. India declared in the innings on 759–7, their highest team total. He became the 6th youngest batsman to score 300 and the 2nd Indian (after Virender Sehwag) to do so.
*[[Joe Root]] scored 218 (337) in the 1st test against India in [[English cricket team in India in 2020–21|their away series]] on 6 February 2021. This made him score the highest score by an English cricketer in India, and also the highest score in the 100th test of any individual.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ind vs Eng: Joe Root scores 200 in 100th Test, breaks multiple records|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/india-vs-england/news/ind-vs-eng-1st-test-chennai-joe-root-100th-test-200-double-century-hundred-records-broken-runs/article33766757.ece|access-date=2021-02-07|website=Sportstar|language=en}}</ref>

{{wide image|Ma ChidambaramStadium panaroma.jpg|1050px|A panoramic view of the M. A. Chidambaram Stadium}}

==Statistics and Records==

=== International Cricket Matches ===

===Test Batting Records===
{{Main|List of international cricket centuries at the M.A. Chidambaram Stadium}}

{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-3}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!colspan=6|Test Matches Record<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/results_summary.html?class=1;id=291;type=ground |title=Statistics / Statsguru / Test matches / Results records / MA Chidambaram |publisher=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=17 February 2021 }}</ref>
|-
!width=120|Team
!width=20 | {{Abbr|Pld|Played}}
!width=20 | {{Abbr|W|Won}}
!width=20 | {{Abbr|L|Lost}}
!width=20 | {{Abbr|T|Tied}}
!width=20 | {{Abbr|D|Draw}}
|- bgcolor="#ddeeff"
|align="left"|{{cr|IND}}
|34||15||7||1||11
|-
|align="left"|{{cr|ENG}}
|11||4||6||0||1
|-
|align="left"|{{cr|AUS}}
|7||1||3||1||2
|-
|align="left"|{{cr|WIN}}
|7||1||4||0||2
|-
|align="left"|{{cr|PAK}}
|4||1||1||0||2
|-
|align="left"|{{cr|NZ}}
|2||0||1||0||1
|-
|align="left"|{{cr|SRI}}
|2||0||0||0||2
|-
|align="left"|{{cr|RSA}}
|1||0||0||0||1
|}

{{Col-3}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!colspan=6|ODI Matches Record<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/results_summary.html?class=2;id=291;type=ground|title=Statistics / Statsguru / ODI / Results records / MA Chidambaram |publisher=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=17 February 2021 }}</ref>
|-
!width=120|Team
!width=20 | {{Abbr|Pld|Played}}
!width=20 | {{Abbr|W|Won}}
!width=20 | {{Abbr|L|Lost}}
!width=20 | {{Abbr|T|Tied}}
!width=20 | {{Abbr|NR|No Results}}
|- bgcolor="#ddeeff"
|align="left"|{{cr|IND}}
|14||8||5||0||1
|-
|align="left"|{{cr|WIN}}
|7||2||5||0||0
|-
|align="left"|{{cr|AUS}}
|6||4||2||0||0
|-
|align="left"|{{cr|NZ}}
|4||1||2||0||1
|-
|align="left"|{{cr|ENG}}
|3||2||1||0||0
|-
|align="left"|{{cr|PAK}}
|2||2||0||0||0
|-
|align="left"|{{cr|KEN}}
|2||1||1||0||0
|-
|align="left"|{{cr|RSA}}
|2||0||2||0||0
|-
|align="left"|{{cr|BAN}}
|1||0||1||0||0
|-
|align="left"|{{cr|ZIM}}
|1||0||1||0||0
|- bgcolor="#ddeeff"
|align="left"|[[Asia XI]]
|2||2||0||0||0
|-
|align="left"|[[Africa XI]]
|2||0||2||0||0
|}

{{Col-3}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!colspan=6|T20I Record<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/results_summary.html?class=3;id=291;type=ground|title=Statistics / Statsguru / T20I / Results records / MA Chidambaram |publisher=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=17 February 2021 }}</ref>
|-
!width=120|Team
!width=20 | {{Abbr|Pld|Played}}
!width=20 | {{Abbr|W|Won}}
!width=20 | {{Abbr|L|Lost}}
!width=20 | {{Abbr|T|Tied}}
!width=20 | {{Abbr|NR|No Results}}
|- bgcolor="#ddeeff"
|align="left"|{{cr|IND}}
|2||1||1||0||0
|-
|align="left"|{{cr|NZ}}
|1||1||0||0||0
|-
|align="left"|{{cr|WIN}}
|1||0||1||0||0
|}

{{Col-end}}{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-2}}
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
!colspan=3|Most career runs<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;ground=291;orderby=runs;template=results;type=batting|title=Statistics / Statsguru / Test matches / Batting records / MA Chidambaram / Runs scored| publisher= ESPN Cricinfo|access-date=17 February 2021}}</ref>
|-
! style="width:120px;"| Runs !! style="width:170px;"|Player !! style="width:100px;"|Period
|-
| '''1,018''' (21 innings) || {{Flagicon|IND}} [[Sunil Gavaskar]] || 1973–1987
|-
| '''970''' (16 innings) || {{Flagicon|IND}} [[Sachin Tendulkar]] || 1993–2013
|-
| '''785''' (17 innings) || {{Flagicon|IND}} [[Gundappa Viswanath]] || 1969–1982
|-
| '''729''' (10 innings) || {{Flagicon|IND}} [[Virender Sehwag]] || 2002–2013
|-
| '''708''' (17 innings) || {{Flagicon|IND}} [[Kapil Dev]] || 1979–1993
|}

{{Col-2}}
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
!colspan=3|Most career runs (non-India)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;ground=291;orderby=runs;team=1;team=140;team=2;team=25;team=29;team=3;team=4;team=40;team=5;team=7;team=8;team=9;template=results;type=batting |title=Statistics / Statsguru / Test matches / Batting records / MA Chidambaram / Runs scored (Non-India) |publisher=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=17 February 2021}}</ref>
|-
! style="width:120px;"| Runs !! style="width:170px;"|Player !! style="width:100px;"|Period
|-
| '''391''' (6 innings) || {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Joe Root]] || 2016–2021
|-
| '''345''' (4 innings) || {{Flagicon|AUS}} [[Allan Border]] || 1976–1986
|-
| '''335''' (4 innings) || {{Flagicon|AUS}} [[Matthew Hayden]] || 2001–2004
|-
| '''249''' (2 innings) || {{Flagicon|SA}} [[Neil McKenzie]] || 2008
|-
| '''245''' (4 innings) || {{Flagicon|PAK}} [[Javed Miandad]] || 1980–1987
|}

{{Col-end}}

{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-2}}
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
!colspan=3|Highest individual scores<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;ground=291;orderby=batted_score;template=results;type=batting;view=innings |title=Statistics / Statsguru / Test matches / Batting records / MA Chidambaram Stadium / Runs scored in an innings |publisher=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=17 February 2020 }}</ref>
|-
! style="width:120px;"| Runs !! style="width:170px;"|Player !! style="width:100px;"|Year
|-
| '''319''' v. South Africa|| {{Flagicon|IND}} [[Virender Sehwag]] || 2008
|-
| '''303'''* v. England|| {{Flagicon|IND}} [[Karun Nair]] || 2016
|-
| '''236'''* v. West Indies|| {{Flagicon|IND}} [[Sunil Gavaskar]] || 1983
|-
| '''224''' v. Australia|| {{Flagicon|IND}} [[MS Dhoni]] || 2013
|-
| '''222''' v. England|| {{Flagicon|IND}} [[Gundappa Viswanath]] || 1982
|}

{{Col-2}}
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
!colspan=3|Most centuries (3 or more)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;ground=291;orderby=hundreds;template=results;type=batting |title=Statistics / Statsguru / Test matches / Batting records / MA Chidambaram / Hundreds scored |publisher=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=17 February 2021 }}</ref>
|-
! style="width:130px;"|Centuries !! style="width:150px;"|Player !! style="width:100px;"|Period
|-
| '''5''' (16 innings) || {{Flagicon|IND}} [[Sachin Tendulkar]] || 1993–2013
|-
| '''3''' (21 innings) || {{Flagicon|IND}} [[Sunil Gavaskar]] || 1973–1987
|-
|}

{{Col-end}}

==Cricket World Cup==
This stadium has hosted 12 Men's [[One Day International]] matches across 4 [[Cricket World Cup|World cup]] editions. In addition, the stadium has also hosted a semifinal in the 1997 Women's Cricket World Cup.

The World cup matches hosted by this stadium are as follows:

===Men's Cricket World Cup===
'''1987 Cricket World Cup'''
{{Main|1987 Cricket World Cup}}

{{Limited overs matches
| date = 9 October 1987
| team1 = {{cr-rt|AUS}}
| score1 = 270/6 (50 overs)
| score2 = 269 (49.5 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}
| runs1 = [[Geoff Marsh]] 110 (141)
| wickets1 = [[Manoj Prabhakar]] 2/47 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Navjot Sidhu]] 73 (79)
| wickets2 = [[Craig McDermott]] 4/56 (10 overs)
| result = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/150630.html Australia won by 1 run]
| scorecard = [http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65093.html Scorecard]
| umpires = [[David Archer (umpire)|David Archer]] and [[Dickie Bird]]
| motm = [[Geoff Marsh]]
}}
----{{Limited overs matches
| date = 13 October 1987
| team1 = {{cr-rt|AUS}}
| score1 = 235/9 (50 overs)
| score2 = 139 (49.4 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|ZIM}}
| runs1 = [[Allan Border]] 67 (88)
| wickets1 = [[Kevin Curran (cricketer)|Kevin Curran]] 2/29 (8 overs)
| runs2 = [[Kevin Curran (cricketer)|Kevin Curran]] 30 (38)
| wickets2 = [[Simon O'Donnell]] 4/39 (9.4 overs)
| result = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/150632.html Australia won by 96 runs]
| scorecard = [http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65096.html Scorecard]
| umpires = [[Khizer Hayat]] and [[David Shepherd (umpire)|David Shepherd]]
| motm = [[Steve Waugh]]
}}

'''1996 Cricket World Cup'''
{{Main|1996 Cricket World Cup}}
{{Limited overs matches
| date = 11 March 1996
| team1 = {{cr-rt|NZL}}
| score1 = 286/9 (50 overs)
| score2 = 289/4 (47.5 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|AUS}}
| runs1 = [[Chris Harris (cricketer)|Chris Harris]] 130 (124)
| wickets1 = [[Glenn McGrath]] 2/50 (9 overs)
| runs2 = [[Mark Waugh]] 110 (112)
| wickets2 = [[Dion Nash]] 1/44 (9 overs)
| result = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/151231.html Australia won by 6 wickets]
| scorecard = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65189.html Scorecard]
| umpires = [[Cyril Mitchley]] and [[Srinivasaraghavan Venkataraghavan|S. Venkataraghavan]]
| motm = [[Mark Waugh]]
}}

'''2011 Cricket World Cup'''
{{Main|2011 Cricket World Cup}}
{{Limited overs matches
| date = 20 February 2011
| team1 = {{cr-rt|KEN}}
| score1 = 69 (23.5 overs)
| score2 = 72/0 (8 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|NZL}}
| runs1 = [[Rakep Patel]] 16 (23)
| wickets1 = [[Hamish Bennett]] 4/16 (5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Martin Guptill]] 39[[not out|*]] (32)
| wickets2 = [[Thomas Odoyo]] 0/25 (3 overs)
| result = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc_cricket_worldcup2011/content/story/502044.html New Zealand won by 10 wickets]
| scorecard = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc_cricket_worldcup2011/engine/match/433559.html Scorecard]
| umpires = [[Marais Erasmus]] and [[Rod Tucker]]
| motm = [[Hamish Bennett]]
}}
----{{Limited overs matches
| date = 6 March 2011
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|ENG}}
| score1 = 171 (45.4 overs)
| score2 = 165 (47.4 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|RSA}}
| runs1 = [[Ravi Bopara]] 60 (98)
| wickets1 = [[Imran Tahir]] 4/38 (8.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Hashim Amla]] 42 (51)
| wickets2 = [[Stuart Broad]] 4/15 (6.4 overs)
| result = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc_cricket_worldcup2011/content/story/504435.html England won by 6 runs]
| scorecard = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc_cricket_worldcup2011/engine/match/433579.html Scorecard]
| umpires = [[Simon Taufel]] and [[Amiesh Saheba]]
| motm = [[Ravi Bopara]]
}}
----{{Limited overs matches
| date = 17 March 2011
| daynight = yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|ENG}}
| score1 = 243 (48.4 overs)
| score2 = 225 (44.4 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|WIN}}
| runs1 = [[Jonathan Trott]] 47 (38)
| wickets1 = [[Andre Russell]] 4/49 (8 overs)
| runs2 = [[Andre Russell]] 49 (46)
| wickets2 = [[James Tredwell]] 4/48 (10 overs)
| result = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc_cricket_worldcup2011/content/story/506646.html England won by 18 runs]
| scorecard = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc_cricket_worldcup201/engine/match/433593.html Scorecard]
| umpires = [[Bruce Oxenford]] and [[Steve Davis (umpire)|Steve Davis]]
| motm = [[James Tredwell]]
}}
----{{Limited overs matches
| date = 20 March 2011
| daynight = yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}
| score1 = 268 (49.1 overs)
| score2 = 188 (43 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|WIN}}
| runs1 = [[Yuvraj Singh]] 113 (123)
| wickets1 = [[Ravi Rampaul]] 5/51 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Devon Smith]] 81 (97)
| wickets2 = [[Zaheer Khan]] 3/26 (6 overs)
| result = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc_cricket_worldcup2011/content/story/507223.html India won by 80 runs]
| scorecard = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc_cricket_worldcup201/engine/match/433599.html Scorecard]
| umpires = [[Simon Taufel]] and [[Steve Davis (umpire)|Steve Davis]]
| motm = [[Yuvraj Singh]]

}}'''2023 Cricket World Cup'''
{{Main|2023 Cricket World Cup}}
{{Single-innings cricket match|date=8 October 2023|time=14:00|daynight=y
|team1={{cr-rt|AUS}}
|team2={{cr|IND}}
|score1= 199 (49.3 overs)
|runs1= [[Steve Smith (cricketer)|Steve Smith]] 46 (71)
|wickets1= [[Ravindra Jadeja]] 3/28 (10 overs)
|score2=201/4 (41.2 overs)
|runs2= [[KL Rahul]] 97* (115)
|wickets2= [[Josh Hazlewood]] 3/38 (9 overs)
|result=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2023-24-1367856/india-vs-australia-5th-match-1384396/live-match-blog India won by 6 Wickets]
|Scorecard [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2023-24-1367856/india-vs-australia-5th-match-1384396/live-match-blog]
|report=|umpires=[[Chris Gaffaney]] (NZ) and [[Richard Kettleborough]] (Eng)|motm=[[KL Rahul]]
|Toss={{cr-rt|AUS}}}}
----{{Single-innings cricket match|date=13 October 2023|time=14:00|day=|team1={{cr-rt|BAN}}|team2={{cr|NZ}}|score1=|runs1=|wickets1=|score2=|runs2=|wickets2=|result=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1384402.html Scorecard]|report=|umpires=[[Kumar Dharmasena]] (SL) and [[Nitin Menon]] (Ind)|motm=|toss=|round=|rain=|notes=}}
----{{Single-innings cricket match|date=18 October 2023|time=14:00|daynight=y|team1={{cr-rt|AFG}}|team2={{cr|NZ}}|score1=|runs1=|wickets1=|score2=|runs2=|wickets2=|result=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1384407.html Scorecard]|report=|umpires=[[Joel Wilson (umpire)|Joel Wilson]] (WI) and [[Paul Wilson (cricketer)|Paul Wilson]] (Aus)|motm=|toss=|round=|rain=|notes=}}
----{{Single-innings cricket match|date=23 October 2023|time=14:00|daynight=y|team1={{cr-rt|AFG}}|team2={{cr|PAK}}|score1=|runs1=|wickets1=|score2=|runs2=|wickets2=|result=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1384413.html Scorecard]|report=|umpires=[[Paul Reiffel]] (Aus) and [[Rod Tucker]] (Aus)|motm=|toss=|round=|rain=|notes=}}
----{{Single-innings cricket match|date=27 October 2023|time=14:00|daynight=y|team1={{cr-rt|PAK}}|team2={{cr|SA}}|score1=|runs1=|wickets1=|score2=|runs2=|wickets2=|result=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1384417.html Scorecard]|report=|umpires=[[Paul Reiffel]] (Aus) and [[Alex Wharf]] (Eng)|motm=|toss=|round=|rain=|notes=}}

===Women's Cricket World Cup===
{{Main|1997 Women's Cricket World Cup}}
{{Limited Overs Matches
| date = 26 December 1997
| team1 = {{crw-rt|NZL}}
| score1 = 175/6 (50 overs)
| score2 = 155 (47.5 overs)
| team2 = {{crw|ENG}}
| runs1 = [[Debbie Hockley]] 43 (104)
| wickets1 = [[Karen Smithies]] 3/40 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Janette Brittin]] 32 (88)
| wickets2 = [[Clare Nicholson]] 2/29 (10 overs)
| result = New Zealand Women won by 20 runs
| report = [http://www.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/66988.html Scorecard]
| umpires = N Muralidaran and P Venkatesan
| motm = [[Debbie Hockley]] (NZ)
| toss = New Zealand women won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
}}

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="134">
File:MA Chidambaram Stadium in the Night.JPG|M. A. Chidambaram Stadium in the night
File:Chepauk during a IPL match in 2013.jpg|M. A. Chidambaram Stadium during an [[Chennai Super Kings]] vs [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] match
File:New stands with fabric tensile rooves at the M. A. Chidambaram Stadium.jpg|Newly renovated stands with fabric tensile roofs
File:M.A.Chidambaram Stadium.jpg|M. A. Chidambaram Stadium
File:Panaroma View During India VS Pakistan ODI Match.jpg|M. A. Chidambaram Stadium during an [[India cricket|India]] vs [[Pakistan Cricket Board|Pakistan]] [[One Day International|ODI]] match
File:M.A.Chidambaram Stadium before IND vs AUS 3rd ODI 2023.jpg|M. A. Chidambaram Stadium before [[India national cricket team|India]] vs [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]] 3rd [[One Day International|ODI]] match in the [[Australian cricket team in India in 2022–23#ODI_series|2022-23 Series]]

File:M. A. Chidambaram Stadium Aerial at Night during Cricket World Cup 2023.jpg|M. A. Chidambaram Stadium Aerial view during [[India national cricket team|India]] vs [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]] at the [[2023 Cricket World Cup|ICC Men's Cricket World Cup India 2023]]
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[List of Test cricket grounds]]
*[[List of international cricket five-wicket hauls at M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]]
*[https://twsportsking.com/aaj-ke-match-ki-pitch-report/ Today Match Pitch Reports]

==References==
{{Reflist|25em}}

==External links==
*[http://www.cricschedule.com/venue/chennai.php Upcoming Matches at Chennai]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110925004816/http://cricruns.com/venue/M-A-Chidambaram M.A Chidambaram Stadium Notable Events]

{{coord|13|03|46|N|80|16|46|E|type:landmark|display=title}}

{{List of cricket grounds in India}}
{{Test cricket grounds in India}}
{{Sport venues in Tamil Nadu}}
{{Chennai Super Kings}}
{{Chennai Topics}}

[[Category:Test cricket grounds in India]]
[[Category:Sports venues in Chennai]]
[[Category:Cricket grounds in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Cricket in Chennai]]
[[Category:1987 Cricket World Cup stadiums]]
[[Category:1996 Cricket World Cup stadiums]]
[[Category:2011 Cricket World Cup stadiums]]
[[Category:1916 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Sports venues completed in 1916]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]

Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium

2023-10-10T09:27:25Z

Siasat: fix

{{short description|Cricket stadium in Hyderabad, India}}
{{for|the similarly-named cricket stadium in Dehradun, Uttarakhand|Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium, Dehradun}}
{{Cleanup|date=September 2022|reason=Un-encyclopaedic language, trivia, unsourced material, not tidy.}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox cricket ground
| ground_name = Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium
| nickname = Hyderabad Cricket Stadium
| image =File:Panorama of rajiv gandhi stadium.jpg

| image_size = 350 px
| caption = Rajiv Gandhi International Stadium
| country =
| location = [[Uppal, Hyderabad, Telangana]], India
| coordinates = {{coord|17|24|23|N|78|33|01|E|display=inline,title}}
| establishment = {{Start date and age|2003}}
| seating_capacity = 55,000<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium {{!}} Cricket Grounds {{!}} BCCI |url=https://www.bcci.tv/venues/10/rajiv-gandhi-intl-cricket-stadium |access-date=2023-06-28 |website=www.bcci.tv |language=en}}</ref>
| owner = [[Hyderabad Cricket Association]] (HCA)
| operator = HCA
| architect = [[Shashi Prabhu]]<ref>[http://www.spa-aec.com/spaweb/allprojects.html spa-aec.com]</ref>
| tenants = [[India cricket team]] (2005- present) [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] (2013- present) [[Deccan Chargers]] (2008-2012)
| end1 = North end<ref name=H/>
| end2 = Pavellion end<ref name=H/>
| international = true
| firstodidate = 16 November
| firstodiyear = 2005
| firstodihome = India
| firstodiaway = South Africa
| lastodidate = 10 October
| lastodiyear = 2023
| lastodihome = Pakistan
| lastodiaway = Sri Lanka
| firsttestdate = 12 November
| firsttestyear = 2010
| firsttesthome = India
| firsttestaway = New Zealand
| lasttestdate = 12 October
| lasttestyear = 2018
| lasttesthome = India
| lasttestaway = West Indies
| firstt20idate = 13 October
| firstt20iyear = 2017
| firstt20ihome = India
| firstt20iaway = Australia
| lastt20idate = 25 September
| lastt20iyear = 2022
| lastt20ihome = India
| lastt20iaway = Australia
| source = <ref name=H>https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricket-grounds/rajiv-gandhi-international-stadium-uppal-hyderabad-58142</ref>
|home_club=[[Hyderabad cricket team]] [[Hyderabad women's cricket team]]}}

The '''Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium''', is an international [[cricket]] stadium in [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]], India. It is owned and operated by [[Hyderabad Cricket Association]] (HCA). It is the home ground of [[Hyderabad cricket team]] and [[Hyderabad women's cricket team]].<ref name=":0" />

Located in the eastern suburb of [[Uppal, Hyderabad|Uppal]], it has a Seating capacity of 55,000<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium {{!}} Cricket Grounds {{!}} BCCI |url=https://www.bcci.tv/venues/10/rajiv-gandhi-intl-cricket-stadium |access-date=2023-06-28 |website=www.bcci.tv |language=en}}</ref> and extends across 15 acres of land. It serves as the home ground [[Indian Premier League|IPL]] team [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]. As of 18 January 2023, it has hosted 5 Tests, 7 ODIs, and 3 T20Is. The stadium hosted the first, [[2017 Indian Premier League final|the final]] game of [[2017 Indian Premier League|2017 IPL edition]], and the [[2019 Indian Premier League final|final]] of [[2019 IPL]].

It is renamed after the former prime minister of India [[Rajiv Gandhi]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Rajiv Gandhi International Stadium - Cricket Ground in Hyderabad, India |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricket-grounds/rajiv-gandhi-international-stadium-uppal-hyderabad-58142 |access-date=2023-09-26 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
Before the stadium was built, HCA hosted domestic and international matches at the [[Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium, Hyderabad|Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium]] in the Fateh Maidan sports complex at [[Basheerbagh]] in central Hyderabad. The ground's proprietor was the Sports Authority of Andhra Pradesh state (Now Sports Authority of Telangana State) due to which HCA had limited authority, control over that ground, due to which it decided to built their own stadium.<ref name=":1" />
In 2003, the proposal for a new stadium was submitted by HCA to the government of erstwhile [[Andhra Pradesh]], then headed by [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]. The proposal was quickly cleared and HCA was allocated a budget for the same. The government also identified a large piece of land suitable for the project at [[Uppal Kalan|Uppal]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}

Most of the funding for the project came after an open auction of the stadium's title was held. [[Visaka Industries]] Limited won the auction with a bid price of ₹65,00,00,000. A sum of ₹43,00,00,000 was paid in advance and the stadium was named "Visakha International Cricket Stadium" in 2004.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}

By 2005 when most of the stadium was built, it was ready to host its first [[One Day International|ODI Match]] between [[Indian Cricket Team|India]] and [[South African Cricket Team|South Africa]]. However, [[Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy]] the former [[Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh]] (before the separation of [[Telangana]]) decided to change the name of the stadium to Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium in memory of the former [[Prime Minister of India]] [[Rajiv Gandhi]].<ref name=H/>

Following this decision, HCA was required to pay Visakha Industries six times the contract price in accordance with the contract clauses governing any subsequent renaming of the stadium or the Visakha name not remaining attached to the stadium. HCA however, following some negotiations by Govt, got away with paying an amount of ₹43,00,00,000, i.e. the contract price only.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}

The ends are named Pavilion End and North End. On the retirement of VVS Laxman, the HCA decided to honor the veteran by naming the North End after him. {{citation needed|date=January 2021}}
== Domestic cricket ==
[[File:SRH fans while an ipl match.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Inside view of the arena amid an IPL game]]
[[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] is a cricket franchise based in [[Hyderabad]] city. The team is owned by [[Kalanithi Maran]] of the [[Sun TV Network]].
[[Aiden Markram]] is the captain of the team. [[Brian Lara]] is the head coach and [[Simon Helmot]] is the assistant coach of the team. [[Dale Steyn]] and [[Muttiah Muralitharan]] are the bowling coaches of the team. The team won the 2016 IPL. So far this stadium is served as the home ground of the Sunrisers and now defunct franchise [[Deccan Chargers]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}

Its official jersey was unveiled on 8 March 2013, and the team anthem directed by [[GV Prakash Kumar]] was released on 12 March 2013. Their logo was unveiled on 20 December 2012, along with the announcement that the team's management would be led by [[Krishnamachari Srikkanth|Kris Srikkanth]], [[Tom Moody]], and [[VVS Laxman]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}

In IPL 2019, [[Hyderabad Cricket Association]] won the award for best ground and pitch.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}

== One-day international cricket ==
===Stadium records===
* [[Australia cricket team|Australia]] had scored 350/4, it is the highest score at the stadium.
* [[England cricket team|England]] had scored 174, it is the lowest score at the stadium.
* [[Yuvraj Singh]]'s 233 scored in three matches is the most of runs scored at the stadium.
* [[Shubman Gill]]'s 208 is the highest individual score at the stadium.
* [[Sachin Tendulkar]] completed 17,000 [[One Day International|ODI]] runs, made his 45th [[One Day International|ODI]] century and received his 60th [[One Day International|ODI]] Man of the match award.
* 697 runs made for the loss of 14 wickets in one match.
* India completed its 500th ODI win at this venue in 2019.

===One day international records===

{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-2}}
{| class="wikitable"
!colspan=4|Most career runs<ref>[http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?class=2;id=1981;type=ground Cricket Records | Records | Rajiv Gandhi International Stadium, Uppal, Hyderabad | One-Day Internationals | Most runs | ESPN Cricinfo]</ref>
|-
! style="width:150px;"| Runs !! style="width:150px;"|Player !! style="width:150px;" |Team !! style="width:75px;"|Period
|-
| '''233''' (3 Innings) || [[Yuvraj Singh]] || {{cr|IND}} || 2005-2009
|-
| '''220''' (3 Innings) || [[Sachin Tendulkar]] || {{cr|IND}} || 2005-2009
|-
| '''208''' (1 Innings) || [[Shubman Gill]] || {{cr|IND}} || 2023
|-
| '''202''' (5 Innings) || [[Mahendra Singh Dhoni|MS Dhoni]] || {{cr|IND}} || 2005-2019
|-
| '''142''' (4 Innings) || [[Virat Kohli]] || {{cr|IND}} || 2011-2023
|-
| '''138''' (3 Innings) || [[Suresh Raina]] || {{cr|IND}} || 2009-2014
|}

{{Col-end}}

{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-2}}
{| class="wikitable"
!colspan=4|Highest Individual Scores<ref>[http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_innings.html?class=2;id=1981;type=ground Cricket Records | Records | Rajiv Gandhi International Stadium, Uppal, Hyderabad | One-Day Internationals | High scores | ESPN Cricinfo]</ref>
|-
! style="width:150px;"| Runs !! style="width:150px;"|Player !! style="width:150px;"|Team !! style="width:75px;"|Year
|-
| '''208''' vs New Zealand|| [[Shubman Gill]] || {{cr|IND}} || 2023
|-
| '''175''' vs Australia|| [[Sachin Tendulkar]] || {{cr|IND}} || 2009
|-
| '''140''' vs India|| [[Michael Bracewell (cricketer)|Michael Bracewell]] || {{cr|NZ}} || 2023
|-
| '''121''' vs Australia|| [[Yuvraj Singh]] || {{cr|IND}} || 2007
|-
| '''118''' vs India|| [[Mahela Jayawardene]] || {{cr|SL}} || 2014
|-
| '''112''' vs India|| [[Shaun Marsh]] || {{cr|AUS}} || 2009
|-
| '''103''' vs South Africa|| [[Yuvraj Singh]] || {{cr|IND}} || 2005
|}

{{Col-end}}

{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-2}}
{| class="wikitable"
!colspan=4|Most centuries<ref>[http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_hundreds_career.html?class=2;id=1981;type=ground Cricket Records | Records | Rajiv Gandhi International Stadium, Uppal, Hyderabad | One-Day Internationals | Most hundreds | ESPN Cricinfo]</ref>
|-
! style="width:110px;"|Centuries !! style="width:150px;"|Player !! style="width:150px;"|Team !! style="width:75px;"|Period
|-
| '''2''' (3 Innings) || [[Yuvraj Singh]] || {{cr|IND}} || 2005-2009
|-
| '''1''' (3 Innings) || [[Sachin Tendulkar]] || {{cr|IND}} || 2005-2009
|-
| '''1''' (1 Innings) || [[Shaun Marsh]] || {{cr|AUS}} || 2009
|-
| '''1''' (1 Innings) || [[Mahela Jayawardene]] || {{cr|SL}} || 2014
|-
| '''1''' (1 Innings) || [[Michael Bracewell (cricketer)|Michael Bracewell]] || {{cr|NZ}} || 2023
|-
| '''1''' (1 Innings) || [[Shubman Gill]] || {{cr|IND}} || 2023

|}

{{Col-end}}

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"
|-
! Category !! Information
|-
| Highest Innings Total || Australia {{cr|AUS}} 350/4 - India v Australia, 1 innings, 5 Nov 2009
|-
| Lowest Innings Total||England {{cr|ENG}} 174 - 2 innings, 14 Oct 2011
|-
| Highest Individual Score ||Shubman Gill {{cr|IND}} 208 (Balls:149 4x19 6x9) - India v New Zealand, 18 Jan 2023
|-
| Best Bowling in a Match||Mohammed Siraj {{cr|IND}} 4/46 (10 overs) - India v New Zealand, 18 January 2023
|-
| Most Runs ||Yuvraj Singh {{cr|IND}} 233 Runs (Mat:3 Inn:3 HS:121 Ave:77.66 SR:94.33 100x2 50x0)
|-
| Most Wickets ||UT Yadav{{cr|IND}} 6 Wickets (Mat:2 Runs:85 Best:4/53 Ave:14.16 Econ:6.07)
|}

==T-20 Internationals==
The ground was scheduled to host its first-ever [[Twenty20 International]] on 13 October 2017, against Australia. However, it was called off due to a wet outfield.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/17974/report/1119503/ |title=Hyderabad T20I called off, India-Australia series tied |access-date=13 October 2017}}</ref>

The ground finally hosted a [[Twenty20 International]] on 6 December 2019, against West Indies. It was a high-scoring match, with India winning the match by 6 wickets. Team India played the 3rd T20 against Australia on September 25, 2022, at this venue. India won by 6 wickets and won the Mastercard T20I trophy against Australia. Surya Kumar Yadav who scored 69 runs (36 balls) is awarded the Player of the Match.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India beat Australia India won by 6 wickets (with 1 ball remaining) - Australia vs India, Australia in India, 3rd T20I Match Summary, Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-in-india-2022-1327497/india-vs-australia-3rd-t20i-1327505/live-cricket-score |access-date=2022-10-19 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

===Stadium records===
* 27 sixes were witnessed in one match, it's the most sixes in a T20I game in India
* 416 runs were scored in one match for the loss of 8 wickets.
* [[K. L. Rahul]] reached his 1000 runs milestone in a [[Twenty20 International|T20I]] at this venue.

===Twenty20 international records===

{| class="wikitable"
!colspan=4|Most career runs at this ground<ref>[http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?class=2;id=1981;type=ground Cricket Records | Records | Rajiv Gandhi International Stadium, Uppal, Hyderabad | One-Day Internationals | Most runs | ESPN Cricinfo]</ref>
|-
! style="width:150px;"| Runs !! style="width:150px;"|Player !! style="width:150px;" |Team !! style="width:75px;"|Period
|-
| '''157''' (3 Innings) || [[Virat Kohli]] || {{cr|IND}} || 2019-2022
|-
| '''63''' (2 Innings) || [[K. L. Rahul]] || {{cr|IND}} || 2019-2023
|-
| '''69''' (1 Innings) || [[Suryakumar Yadav]] || {{cr|IND}} || 2022
|}
== Records ==
* Highest Total: 231/2 – [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] vs. [[Royal Challengers Bangalore|RCB]], 31 March 2019
* Highest Individual Score: 126 – David Warner, [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] vs. [[Kolkata Knight Riders|KKR]], 30 April 2017
* Best Bowling Figures: 6/12 – [[Alzarri Joseph]], [[Mumbai Indians]] vs. [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]], 6 April 2019
Ref -<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-27 |title=IPL records Rajiv Gandhi Stadium Hyderabad |url=https://t20-head-to-head.com/ipl-records-at-the-rajiv-gandhi-stadium-hyderabad/ |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=T20 Head to Head |language=en-GB}}</ref>

Alzarri Joseph's bowling figures of 6 for 12 are the best recorded in any IPL match.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPLT20.com - Indian Premier League Official Website - Results |url=https://www.iplt20.com/stats/all-time/bestBowlInn |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=www.iplt20.com |language=en}}</ref>
===Stadium records===
{{Uncited section|date=September 2023}}
* [[Umesh Yadav]] recorded his first [[10 wicket haul]] in his Test career at this ground on 12 October 2018 against [[West Indies]].
* [[Ravichandran Ashwin]] recorded the first 10-wicket haul in Tests at this ground on 23 August 2012 against New Zealand.
===Test matches records===
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-2}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan=4|Most career runs<ref>[http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?class=1;id=1981;type=ground Cricket Records | Records | Rajiv Gandhi International Stadium, Uppal, Hyderabad | Test matches | Most runs | ESPN Cricinfo]</ref>
|-
! style="width:150px;"| Runs !! style="width:150px;"|Player !! style="width:120px;"| Nationality !! style="width:150px;"|Period
|-
| '''535''' (5 Innings) || [[Cheteshwar Pujara]] ||{{cr|IND}}|| 2012-2018
|-
| '''379''' (4 Innings) || [[Virat Kohli]] ||{{cr|IND}} || 2012-2018
|-
| '''293''' (4 Innings) || [[Brendon McCullum]] ||{{cr|NZ}} || 2010-2012
|-
| '''282''' (3 Innings) || [[Murali Vijay]] ||{{cr|IND}} || 2013-2017
|-
| '''203''' (4 Innings) || [[Virender Sehwag]] ||{{cr|IND}} || 2010-2013
|-
| '''157''' (4 Innings) || [[Kane Williamson]] ||{{cr|NZ}} || 2010-2012
|}

{{Col-end}}

{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-2}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan=4|Highest individual score<ref>[http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_innings.html?class=1;id=1981;type=ground Cricket Records | Records | Rajiv Gandhi International Stadium, Uppal, Hyderabad | Test matches | High scores | ESPN Cricinfo]</ref>
|-
! style="width:150px;"| Runs !! style="width:150px;"|Player !! style="width:120px;"| Nationality !! style="width:75px;"|Year
|-
| '''225''' vs India|| [[Brendon McCullum]] || {{cr|NZ}} || 2010
|-
| '''204''' vs Bangladesh|| [[Virat Kohli]] || {{cr|IND}} || 2017
|-
| '''204''' vs Australia|| [[Cheteshwar Pujara]] || {{cr|IND}} || 2013
|-
| '''167''' vs Australia|| [[Murali Vijay]] || {{cr|IND}} || 2013
|-
| '''159''' vs New Zealand|| [[Cheteshwar Pujara]] || {{cr|IND}} || 2012
|-
| '''127''' vs India|| [[Mushfiqur Rahim]] || {{cr|BAN}} || 2017
|-
| '''111[[not out|*]]''' vs New Zealand|| [[Harbhajan Singh]] || {{cr|IND}} || 2010
|-
| '''108''' vs Bangladesh|| [[Murali Vijay]] || {{cr|IND}} || 2017
|-
| '''106[[not out|*]]''' vs Bangladesh|| [[Wriddhiman Saha]] || {{cr|IND}} || 2017
|-
| '''106''' vs India|| [[Roston Chase]] || {{Flagicon|West Indies}} [[West Indies]] || 2018
|-
| '''102''' vs India|| [[Tim McIntosh (cricketer)|Tim McIntosh]] || {{cr|NZ}} || 2010
|}

{{Col-end}}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan=3|Most centuries<ref name=":0">[http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_hundreds_career.html?class=1;id=1981;type=ground Cricket Records | Records | Rajiv Gandhi International Stadium, Uppal, Hyderabad | Test matches | Most hundreds | ESPN Cricinfo]</ref>
|-
! style="width:110px;"|Centuries !! style="width:150px;"|Player !! style="width:75px;"|Period
|-
| '''2''' (5 Innings) || [[Cheteshwar Pujara]] || 2012-2018
|-
| '''2''' (3 Innings) || [[Murali Vijay]] || 2013-2017
|-
| '''1''' (1 Innings) || [[Mushfiqur Rahim]] || 2017
|-
| '''1''' (2 Innings) || [[Wriddhiman Saha]] || 2017
|-
| '''1''' (2 Innings) || [[Harbhajan Singh]] || 2010-2013
|-
| '''1''' (2 Innings) || [[Tim McIntosh (cricketer)|Tim McIntosh]] || 2010
|-
| '''1''' (5 Innings) || [[Virat Kohli]] || 2012-2018
|-
| '''1''' (4 Innings) || [[Brendon McCullum]] || 2010–2012
|-
| '''1''' (1 Innings) || [[Roston Chase]] || 2018
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==

* [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/ci/content/ground/58142.html Cricinfo Website - Ground Page]

{{Hyderabad topics}}
{{Test cricket grounds in India}}
{{List of cricket grounds in India}}
{{Indian Premier League}}

[[Category:Sports venues in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Cricket grounds in Telangana]]
[[Category:Cricket in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Sports venues in Telangana]]
[[Category:Test cricket grounds in India]]
[[Category:Sports venues completed in 2003]]
[[Category:2003 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:2023 Cricket World Cup stadiums]]

Himachal Pradesh Cricket Association Stadium

2023-10-10T08:14:22Z

Siasat:

{{short description|International stadium in Dharmashala, Himachal Pradesh state, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox cricket ground
| ground_name = Himachal Pradesh Cricket Association Stadium
| image = File:Dharamshala stadium,himachal pradesh.jpg
| caption = Picturesque backdrop of the HPCA Stadium
| country = India
| location = [[Dharamshala]], [[Kangra district|Kangra]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], India
| establishment = 2003
| seating_capacity = 23,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/ground/58056.html |title=Himachal Pradesh Cricket Association Stadium {{pipe}} India {{pipe}} Cricket Grounds |publisher=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=7 March 2016}}</ref>
| owner = [[Himachal Pradesh Cricket Association]]
| operator = [[Himachal Pradesh Cricket Association]]
|home_club= [[Himachal Pradesh cricket team]] [[Himachal Pradesh women's cricket team]]
|tenants = [[Indian cricket team]]
| end1 = River End
| end2 = College End
| international = true
| onetest = true
| onlytestdate = 25–29 March
| onlytestyear = 2017
| onlytesthome = India
| onlytestaway = Australia
| firstodidate = 27 January
| firstodiyear = 2013
| firstodihome = India
| firstodiaway = England
| lastodidate = 10 October
| lastodiyear = 2023
| lastodihome = Bangladesh
| lastodiaway = England
| firstt20idate = 2 October
| firstt20iyear = 2015
| firstt20ihome = India
| firstt20iaway = South Africa
| lastt20idate = 27 February
| lastt20iyear = 2022
| lastt20ihome = India
| lastt20iaway = Sri Lanka
| firstwt20idate = 22 March
| firstwt20iyear = 2016
| firstwt20ihome = India
| firstwt20iaway = England
| lastwt20idate = 24 March
| lastwt20iyear = 2016
| lastwt20ihome = West Indies
| lastwt20iaway = England
| date = 27 February
| year = 2022
| source = <ref name=WA>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/ground/58056.html|website=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>
}}
'''Himachal Pradesh Cricket Association Stadium''' (abbreviated as the '''HPCA Stadium''') is an international [[cricket stadium]] in [[Dharamshala]] hill station of [[Himachal Pradesh]], India.<ref name=WA/>

The stadium is the home ground of [[Himachal Pradesh cricket team]], [[Himachal Pradesh women's cricket team]] and headquarter of [[Himachal Pradesh Cricket Association]], the governing body of cricket in Himachal Pradesh state.<ref name=W/>
It will host 5 games of [[2023 Cricket World Cup]], including New Zealand vs India.<ref name=W/>

==Location and history==
[[file:Dharamshala Cricket Stadium Landscape.jpg|thumb|left|400px|The snow-capped [[Himalayas|Himalayan]] mountains in the background]]
The stadium served as the home ground for the [[Himachal Pradesh cricket team]] for [[Ranji Trophy]] matches and other domestic matches. The stadium also hosted some [[Indian Premier League|IPL]] matches as a home stadium for [[Kings XI Punjab]].<ref name="ESPNCricinfo">{{cite web|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/ipl2009/content/story/395792.html |title=Dharamshala to be ready for IPL by April |publisher= ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=23 January 2012}}</ref>

The picturesque venue is unique in [[India]] as it is situated at an altitude of 1,457 m above the sea level and has the snow-capped [[Himalayas|Himalayan]] mountains in the background. Getting to Dharamsala from the nearby [[Kangra Airport]], which is about 8 kilometres away through the hilly terrain and the harsh winters, during which it rains and snows, is a deterrent to organizing regular matches.{{citation needed|date=September 2023}}

[[Dav Whatmore]], the former Director of the [[National Cricket Academy]] in India had recommended during his tenure that the stadium is suitable for hosting international cricket matches. The first international team who played in this ground was the [[Pakistani cricket team]], when they played a warm-up match against an [[India A]] side in 2005.<ref name="ESPNCricinfo"/>

The first [[One Day International]] (ODI) at this stadium was played between [[Indian national cricket team|India]] and [[England national cricket team|England]] on 27 January 2013. England won the match by 7 wickets. The first [[Test cricket|Test]] at this stadium was played between [[Indian national cricket team|India]]- [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]] on 25–29 March 2017, India won the match.<ref name="HPCA">{{cite web |title=Dharamsala decider promises more surprises |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india-v-australia-2016-17/content/story/1088229.html |publisher=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=25 March 2017}}</ref>

In November 2015, the stadium was selected as one of the six new Test match venues in India along with the [[Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium]], [[JSCA International Stadium Complex]], [[Saurashtra Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Holkar Stadium]] and [[Dr. Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy ACA-VDCA Cricket Stadium]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Arun Venugopal |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/938911.html |title=BCCI revamps selection committee, announces new Test centres |publisher=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=7 March 2016}}</ref>

The venue has been used sporadically for IPL matches and due to its high altitude has a reputation for six hitting. [[Adam Gilchrist]] became the first player to score a century in the IPL at the HPCA stadium in 2011 against RCB, an innings that included a 122m six off [[Charl Langeveldt]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-12 |title=IPL Records HPCA Stadium |url=https://t20-head-to-head.com/ipl-records-hpca-stadium/ |access-date=2023-03-20 |website=T20 Head to Head |language=en-GB}}</ref>

===ACC Centre of Excellence===
In December 2015, [[Asian Cricket Council]] decided to set up Centre of Excellence at [[Dharamshala]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/952421.html |title=ACC sets up Centre of Excellence in Dharamsala |publisher=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=7 March 2016}}</ref>

===2016 ICC World Twenty20===
{{wide image|Panorama of dharamshala stadium,himachal pradesh.jpg|1100px|align-cap=center|Panorama of the HPCA Stadium in Dharamsala}}
On 21 July 2015, the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]] announced the names of the eight cities which would be hosting matches during the [[2016 ICC World Twenty20]]. [[Dharamshala]] was announced as one of the eight venues for the event.<ref name="Venues">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/901351.html |title=Eden Gardens to host 2016 World T20 final |access-date=21 July 2015 |publisher=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> On 11 December 2015, [[International Cricket Council|ICC]] announced the fixtures of the event where the [[HPCA Stadium]] was scheduled to host all the first round Group A matches and a single Super 10 Group 2 match.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.icc-cricket.com/world-t20/fixtures/men |title=Fixtures for the ICC World Twenty20 India 2016 |publisher=ICC Cricket |access-date=7 March 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223080347/http://www.icc-cricket.com/world-t20/fixtures/men |archive-date=23 February 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Originally the marquee [[India–Pakistan cricket rivalry|India vs Pakistan]] match was scheduled to be hosted by this venue.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-world-twenty20-2016/content/story/951215.html |title=Dharamsala to host World T20 India-Pakistan |publisher=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=7 March 2016}}</ref> Due to security concerns for the Pakistani team,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-world-twenty20-2016/content/story/977569.html | title=Political tussle clouds India-Pakistan World T20 match | publisher=ESPN Cricinfo | date=1 March 2016 | access-date=10 March 2016 | author=Gollapudi, Nagraj}}</ref> the match was moved to [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-world-twenty20-2016/content/story/979921.html | title=India-Pakistan game moved to Kolkata | publisher=ESPN Cricinfo | access-date=10 March 2016}}</ref>

===2023 ICC World Cup===
ICC allocated 5 matches to the stadium, including New Zealand vs India.<ref name=W>{{cite web|url=http://www.icc.com|website=ICC.com}}</ref>

==Record and statistics==
'''Batting records'''

===List of centuries===

'''Note-''
* '''*''' denotes that the batsman was [[not out]].
* '''Inns.''' denotes the number of the innings in the match.
* '''Balls''' denotes the number of [[Delivery (cricket)|balls]] faced in an innings.
* '''NR''' denotes that the number of balls was not recorded.
* Parentheses next to the player's score denotes his century number at Edgbaston.
* The column title '''Date''' refers to the date the match started.
* The column title '''Result''' refers to the player's team result

===Test Centuries===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%"
|-
! No. !! Score !! Player !! Team !! Balls !! Inns. !! Opposing team !! Date !! Result
|-
| 1 || 111 || [[Steve Smith (cricketer)|Steve Smith]] || {{cr|AUS}} || 173 || 1 || {{cr|IND}} || 25 March 2017 ||Lost<ref name=test2258>{{Cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1062576.html|title=4th Test: India v Australia at Dharamsala, 25-29 March, 2017 {{!}} Cricket Scorecard {{!}} ESPN Cricinfo|newspaper=Cricinfo|access-date=2017-03-25}}</ref>
|}

===One Day Internationals===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%"
|-
! No. !! Score !! Player !! Team !! Balls !! Inns. !! Opposing team !! Date !! Result
|-
| 1 || 113* || [[Ian Bell]] || {{cr|ENG}} || 143 || 2 || {{cr|IND}} || 27 January 2013 || Won<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/565816.html|title=5th ODI: India v England at Dharamsala, Jan 27, 2013 {{!}} Cricket Scorecard {{!}} ESPN Cricinfo|newspaper=Cricinfo|access-date=2016-10-31}}</ref>
|-
| 2 || 127 || [[Virat Kohli]] || {{cr|IND}} || 114 || 1 || {{cr|WIN}} || 17 October 2014 || Won<ref name=odi3535>{{Cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india-v-west-indies-2014-15/engine/match/770127.html|title=4th ODI: India v West Indies at Dharamsala, Oct 17, 2014 {{!}} Cricket Scorecard {{!}} ESPN Cricinfo|newspaper=Cricinfo|access-date=2016-10-31}}</ref>
|-
| 3 || 112 || [[Marlon Samuels]] || {{cr|WIN}} || 103 || 2 || {{cr|IND}} || 17 October 2014 || Lost<ref name=odi3535 />
|}

===Twenty20 Internationals===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%"
|-
! No. !! Score !! Player !! Team !! Balls !! Inns. !! Opposing team !! Date !! Result
|-
|-
| 1 || 106 || [[Rohit Sharma]] || {{cr|IND}} || 66 || 1 || {{cr|RSA}} || 2 October 2015 || Lost<ref name=t20i456>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/11287/scorecard/903587/india-vs-south-africa-1st-t20i-south-africa-tour-of-india-2015-16 |title=1st T20I (N), South Africa tour of India at Dharamsala, Oct 2 2015|work=ESPN Cricinfo| access-date=24 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 2 || 103* || [[Tamim Iqbal]] || {{cr|BAN}} || 63 || 1 || {{cr|OMA}} || 13 March 2016 || Won<ref name=t20i534>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8604/scorecard/951327/bangladesh-vs-oman-12th-match-first-round-group-a-world-t20-2015-16 |title=12th Match, First Round Group A (N), World T20 at Dharamsala, Mar 13 2016|work=ESPN Cricinfo| access-date=24 August 2019}}</ref>
|}
'''Bowling records'''

===List of Five Wicket Hauls===

===Key===
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
! Symbol
! Meaning
|-
|{{dagger}}
|The bowler was [[Man of the match#Cricket|man of the match]]
|-
|{{double-dagger}}
|10 or more wickets taken in the match
|-
|§
|One of two five-wicket hauls by the bowler in the match
|-
|'''Date'''
|Day the [[Test cricket|Test]] started or [[One Day International|ODI]] was held
|-
|'''Inn'''
|[[Innings#Cricket|Innings]] in which five-wicket haul was taken
|-
|'''Overs'''
|Number of [[Over (cricket)|overs]] bowled.
|-
|'''Runs'''
|Number of [[Run (cricket)|runs]] conceded
|-
|'''Wkts'''
|Number of [[Wicket#Dismissing a batsman|wickets]] taken
|-
|'''Econ'''
|[[Cricket statistics#Bowling statistics|Runs conceded per over]]
|-
|'''Batsmen'''
|[[Batting (cricket)|Batsmen]] whose wickets were taken
|-
|'''Drawn'''
|The match was [[Draw (cricket)|drawn]].
|}

===Tests===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 100%"
|- align=center
! scope="col" width="38"|No.
! scope="col" width="145"|Bowler
! scope="col" width="220"|Date
! scope="col" width="120"|Team
! scope="col" width="120"|Opposing team
! scope="col" width="60"|Inn
! scope="col" width="82"|Overs
! scope="col" width="70"|Runs
! scope="col" width="60"|Wkts
! scope="col" width="70"|Econ
! scope="col" width="160" class="unsortable" |Batsmen
! scope="col" width="70"|Result
|-align="center"
|scope="row"| 1 || [[Nathan Lyon]] || {{dts|format=dmy|2017|3|25}} || {{cr|AUS}} || {{cr|IND}} || {{nts|3}} || {{nts|34.1}} || {{nts|92}} || {{sort|5}} || {{nts|2.69}} || align=left |
*[[Cheteshwar Pujara]]
*[[Karun Nair]]
*[[Ajinkya Rahane]]
*[[Ravichandran Ashwin]]
*[[Kuldeep Yadav]]
|| Lost <ref name=test2258 />
|}

==References==

{{reflist|30em}}
{{List of cricket grounds in India}}
{{Indian Premier League}}
{{Coord|32.197672|76.325997|type:landmark_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Cricket grounds in Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Dharamshala]]
[[Category:Rugby union stadiums in India]]
[[Category:Test cricket grounds in India]]
[[Category:2003 establishments in Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:2023 Cricket World Cup stadiums]]

Inderjit Singh Bindra Stadium

2023-09-22T16:09:44Z

Siasat:

{{short description|Cricket ground}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox venue
| name = Inderjit Singh Bindra Stadium
| nickname = ''PCA Stadium'' ''Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Stadium'' ''Mohali Stadium''
| image = LightsMohali.png
| image_size = 300 px
| caption = The I.S Bindra Stadium under floodlights
| country = India
| location = [[Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar|Mohali]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[India]]
| seating_capacity = 27,000
| owner = [[Punjab Cricket Association]]
| operator =
| embedded = {{infobox cricket ground
| embed = yes
| establishment = 1993
| tenants = {{plainlist|
* [[Indian Cricket Team]] (1993–present)
* [[Punjab cricket team (India)|Punjab cricket team]] (1993–present)
* [[Punjab Kings]] (2008–present)
}}
| end1 = Yuvraj Singh End
| end2 = Harbhajan Singh End
| international = true
| firstodidate = 22 November
| firstodiyear = 1993
| firstodihome = India
| firstodiaway = West Indies
| lastodidate = 22 September
| lastodiyear = 2023
| lastodihome = India
| lastodiaway = Australia
| firsttestdate = 10–14 December
| firsttestyear = 1994
| firsttesthome = India
| firsttestaway = West Indies
| lasttestdate = 4–8 March
| lasttestyear = 2022
| lasttesthome = India
| lasttestaway = Sri Lanka
| firstt20idate = 12 December
| firstt20iyear = 2009
| firstt20ihome = India
| firstt20iaway = Sri Lanka
| lastt20idate = 20 September
| lastt20iyear = 2022
| lastt20ihome = India
| lastt20iaway = Australia
| onlywodidate = 21 December
| onlywodiyear = 1997
| onlywodihome = England
| onlywodiaway = Sri Lanka
| firstwt20idate = 18 March
| firstwt20iyear = 2016
| firstwt20ihome = New Zealand
| firstwt20iaway = Ireland
| lastwt20idate = 27 March
| lastwt20iyear = 2016
| lastwt20ihome = India
| lastwt20iaway = West Indies
| date = 4 March
| year = 2022
| source = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/ground/57991.html Inderjit Singh Bindra stadium]
}}
}}
The '''Inderjit Singh Bindra Stadium''' is a [[cricket]] ground located in [[Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar|Mohali]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[India]]. It is popularly referred to as the Mohali Stadium. The stadium was built by Geetanshu Kalra is home to the [[Punjab cricket team (India)|Punjab team]]. The construction of the stadium took around {{Indian Rupee}} 25 crore and 3 years to complete.<ref>[http://www.punjabnewsline.com/content/view/4945/62/] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025064753/http://www.punjabnewsline.com/content/view/4945/62/|date=25 October 2007}}</ref> The stadium has an official capacity of 26,950<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Premier League 2010 Venues|url=http://www.iplt20.com/venue-detail.php?venue_name=Mohali|publisher=iplt20.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100314150026/http://www.iplt20.com/venue-detail.php?venue_name=Mohali|archive-date=14 March 2010}}</ref> spectators. The stadium was designed by Ar. Arun Loomba and Associates, and constructed by R.S. Construction Company based in [[Chandigarh]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Eden makeover|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080713/jsp/calcutta/story_9543236.jsp|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130203194944/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080713/jsp/calcutta/story_9543236.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 February 2013|access-date=4 November 2011|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=13 July 2008|location=Calcutta, India|first=Rith|last=Basu}}</ref> Inderjit Singh Bindra stadium is home of [[Punjab cricket team (India)|Punjab cricket team]] and [[Punjab Kings]] ([[Indian Premier League|IPL franchise]]). The stadium is named after former [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]] president & former [[Punjab Cricket Association|PCA]] president [[Inderjit Singh Bindra]].

The floodlights here are unconventional compared to other cricket stadiums, in that the light pillars are very low in height. This is to avoid aircraft from the nearby [[Chandigarh airport]] colliding with the light pillars. That is the reason behind the stadium having 16 floodlights. As of December 2019, it has hosted 13 Tests, 25 ODIs and 5 T20Is.

==History==

The stadium, also known as the Mohali Stadium or the Punjab Cricket Association Stadium, is the 19th Test [[cricket]] venue in India. The pitch has a reputation for being lively and supporting pace bowlers, however it had slowed down and assists [[spin bowling]] as well. It was inaugurated with a One Day International match between [[Indian cricket team|India]] and [[South African cricket team|South Africa]] during the [[1993 Hero Cup]] on 22 November.

The first Test match here was held the following season, between [[Indian cricket team|India]] and [[West Indian cricket team|West Indies]] on 10 December 1994.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63662.html|title=3rd Test, Mohali, Dec 10 - 14 1994|work=ESPNCricinfo|access-date=2021-09-21}}</ref> One of the most famous one-day matches on this ground was a thrilling [[Cricket World Cup]] semi-final encounter between [[Australian cricket team|Australia]] and [[West Indian cricket team|West Indies]] in [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65191.html February 1996]. Inderjit Singh Bindra stadium hosted 3 matches of 2011 world cup including the nail biting second Semi-final match between India and Pakistan on [http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc_cricket_worldcup2011/engine/match/433605.html 30 March 2011] which was eventually won by India. The match was attended by the Prime Ministers [[Manmohan Singh]] of India and [[Yousaf Raza Gillani]] of [[Pakistan]], owing to its crucial nature, and as a measure of cricket diplomacy for normalizing relations. The match was won by [[India]].

The First Test of [[Freedom Trophy (cricket)|Freedom Trophy]] 2015 was played in Mohali. During that Test, Indian spinners got the huge support from the pitch and [[South African Cricket Team|South African]] batsmen were struggling against Indian bowling line-up. India won that match with huge margin. It was the first instance in Mohali, when spinners got large assistance from pitch.

First T20 Internationals have been played at the ground, when [[Indian cricket team|India]] beat [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]] by [http://www.cricinfo.com/indvsl2009/engine/match/430885.html 6 wickets in 2009]. It also hosted 3 T20I matches of [[2016 ICC World Twenty20]].

{{wide image|PCA Stadium Mohali wide.jpg|1000px|align-cap=center|A [[panorama]] of the stadium.}}

==Pitch==

The current pitch curator for the Inderjit Singh Bindra Stadium is [[Garima Kafle (cricketer, born 1940s)|Daljit Singh]]<ref>[http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/india/content/ground/57991.html Punjab Cricket Association Stadium | India | Cricket Grounds | ESPN Cricinfo]. Content-uk.cricinfo.com. Retrieved on 2013-12-23.</ref>

==Notable events==
* Highest individual score in this ground '''208*''' (153) scored by [[Rohit Sharma]] on 13 December 2017 in [[Sri Lankan cricket team in India in 2017–18|2nd ODI]] against Sri Lanka.<ref name=IndvSL>{{cite web | url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/18074/scorecard/1122727/india-vs-sri-lanka-2nd-odi-sl-in-india-2017-18| title=Sri Lanka tour of India, 2nd ODI: India v Sri Lanka at Mohali, Dec 13, 2017 | publisher=ESPNCricinfo | access-date=14 December 2019}}</ref>
* India qualified for the finals of the Men's [[2011 Cricket World Cup]] beating [[Pakistan]] by 29 runs. The Man of the Match was [[Sachin Tendulkar]] for his innings of 85 runs.

==Cricket World Cup matches==
It hosted 4 world cup matches. First cricket world cup match hosted at the ground in 1996 (semifinal between Australia and West Indies) and three match of 2011 world cup (including semifinal between India and Pakistan). This stadium also hosted 3 T20 match during 2016 ICC World Twenty20.

===1996 Cricket World Cup semifinal===
{{main|1996 Cricket World Cup}}
{{Limited overs matches
| date = 14 March
| team1 = {{cr-rt|AUS}}
| score1 = 207/8 (50 overs)
| score2 = 202 (49.3 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|WIN}}
| runs1 = [[Stuart Law]] 72 (105)
| wickets1 = [[Curtly Ambrose]] 2/26 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shivnarine Chanderpaul]] 80 (126)
| wickets2 = [[Shane Warne]] 4/36 (9 overs)
| result = Australia won by 5 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65191.html Scorecard]
| venue = Inderjit Singh Bindra Stadium, [[Mohali]]
| umpires = [[B. C. Cooray]] and [[Srinivasaraghavan Venkataraghavan]]
| motm = [[Shane Warne]] (Aus)
| toss =
| rain =
| notes =
}}

===2011 Cricket World Cup===
{{main|2011 Cricket World Cup}}
{{Limited overs matches
| date = 3 March 2011
| daynight =
| time = 09:30
| team1 = {{cr-rt|RSA}}
| score1 = 351/5 (50 overs)
| score2 = 120 (34.5 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|NED}}
| runs1 = [[AB de Villiers]] 134 (98)
| wickets1 = [[Ryan ten Doeschate]] 3/72 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Wesley Barresi]] 44 (66)
| wickets2 = [[Imran Tahir]] 3/19 (6.5 overs)
| result = South Africa won by 231 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc_cricket_worldcup2011/engine/match/433573.html Scorecard]
| venue = Inderjit Singh Bindra Stadium, [[Mohali]]
| umpires = [[Asoka de Silva (cricketer)|Asoka de Silva]] (SL) and [[Richard Kettleborough]] (Eng)
| motm = [[AB de Villiers]] (SA)
| toss = Netherlands won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches
| date = 11 March 2011
| daynight =
| time = 09:30
| team1 = {{cr-rt|WIN}}
| score1 = 275 (50 overs)
| score2 = 231 (49 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|IRE}}
| runs1 = [[Devon Smith]] 107 (133)
| wickets1 = [[Kevin O'Brien (cricketer)|Kevin O'Brien]] 4/71 (9 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ed Joyce]] 84 (106)
| wickets2 = [[Sulieman Benn]] 4/53 (10 overs)
| result = West Indies won by 44 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc_cricket_worldcup2011/engine/match/433584.html Scorecard]
| venue = Inderjit Singh Bindra Stadium, [[Mohali]]
| umpires = [[Asoka de Silva (cricketer)|Asoka de Silva]] (SL) and [[Shavir Tarapore]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Kieron Pollard]] (WI)
| toss = Ireland won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
}}

====2011 Cricket World Cup semifinal====
{{Main|2011 Cricket World Cup knockout stage}}
{{Limited overs matches
| date = 30 March 2011
| daynight = yes
| time = 14:30
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}
| score1 = 260/9 (50 overs)
| score2 = 231 (49.5 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|PAK}}
| runs1 = [[Sachin Tendulkar]] 85 (115)
| wickets1 = [[Wahab Riaz]] 5/46 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Misbah-ul-Haq]] 56 (76)
| wickets2 = [[Ashish Nehra]] 2/33 (10 overs)
| result = India won by 29 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc_cricket_worldcup2011/engine/match/433605.html Scorecard]
| venue = Inderjit Singh Bindra Stadium, [[Mohali]]
| umpires = [[Ian Gould]] (Eng) and [[Simon Taufel]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Sachin Tendulkar]] (Ind)
| toss = India won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
}}

===2016 World Twenty20===
{{Main|2016 ICC World Twenty20}}
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = {{anchor|match23}} 22 March
| time = 19:30
| daynight = Yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|NZ}}
| team2 = {{cr|PAK}}
| score1 = 180/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 158/5 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Martin Guptill]] 80 (48)
| wickets1 = [[Mohammad Sami]] 2/23 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Sharjeel Khan]] 47 (25)
| wickets2 = [[Adam Milne]] 2/25 (4 overs)
| venue = Inderjit Singh Bindra Stadium, [[Mohali]]
| toss = New Zealand won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Martin Guptill]] (NZ)
| umpires = [[Richard Illingworth]] (Eng) and [[Nigel Llong]] (Eng)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/951349.html Scorecard]
| result = New Zealand won by 22 runs
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = {{anchor|match26}} 25 March
| time = 15:00
| daynight = Yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|AUS}}
| team2 = {{cr|PAK}}
| score1 = 193/4 (20 overs)
| score2 = 172/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Steve Smith (cricketer)|Steve Smith]] 61[[not out|*]] (43)
| wickets1 = [[Imad Wasim]] 2/31 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Khalid Latif (cricketer)|Khalid Latif]] 46 (41)
| wickets2 = [[James Faulkner (cricketer)|James Faulkner]] 5/28 (4 overs)
| venue = Inderjit Singh Bindra Stadium, [[Mohali]]
| toss = Australia won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[James Faulkner (cricketer)|James Faulkner]] (Aus)
| umpires = [[Kumar Dharmasena]] (SL) and [[Marais Erasmus]] (SA)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/951355.html Scorecard]
| result = Australia won by 21 runs
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = {{anchor|match30}} 27 March
| time = 19:30
| daynight = Yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|AUS}}
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}
| score1 = 160/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 161/4 (19.1 overs)
| runs1 = [[Aaron Finch]] 43 (34)
| wickets1 = [[Hardik Pandya]] 2/36 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Virat Kohli]] 82[[not out|*]] (51)
| wickets2 = [[Shane Watson]] 2/23 (4 overs)
| venue = Inderjit Singh Bindra Stadium, [[Mohali]]
| toss = Australia won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Virat Kohli]] (Ind)
| umpires = [[Kumar Dharmasena]] (SL) and [[Marais Erasmus]] (SA)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/951363.html Scorecard]
| result = India won by 6 wickets
| notes =
}}

==Records==

===Test Records===

*Highest Test Total: 630/6d – New Zealand vs. India, 16 October 2003
*Highest Individual Test Score: 187 – [[Shikhar Dhawan]], India vs. Australia, 14 March 2013
*Best Test Innings Bowling Figures: 6/27 – [[Dion Nash]], New Zealand vs. India, 10 October 1999
*Highest Test Partnership: 314 (for the 2nd wicket) – [[Rahul Dravid]] & [[Gautam Gambhir]], India vs. England, 19 December 2008
*[[Sachin Tendulkar]] (767 runs) has scored the most Test runs, followed by [[Rahul Dravid]] (735) and [[Virender Sehwag]] (645).
*[[Anil Kumble]] (36 wickets) has taken the most wickets, followed by [[Harbhajan Singh]] (24) and [[Ravindra Jadeja]] (18).

===ODI Records===
*Highest ODI Total: 393/3 – India vs. Sri Lanka, 13 December 2017
*Highest Individual ODI Score: 208 – [[Rohit Sharma]], India vs Sri Lanka, 13 December 2017
*Best ODI Innings Bowling Figures: 5/21 – [[Makhaya Ntini]], South Africa vs. Pakistan, [[2006 ICC Champions Trophy]], 27 October 2006
*Highest ODI Partnership: 221 (for the 3rd wicket) – [[Hashim Amla]] & [[AB De Villiers]], South Africa vs. Netherlands, [[2011 Cricket World Cup]], 3 March 2011
*[[Rohit Sharma]] (410 runs) has scored the most ODI runs, followed by [[Sachin Tendulkar]] (366) and [[MS Dhoni]] (363).
*[[Harbhajan Singh]] (11 wickets) has taken the most wickets, followed by [[Glenn McGrath]] (8) and [[Saqlain Mushtaq]] (8).

===Twenty20 International Records===

*Highest Twenty20 Total: 211/4 – India vs. Sri Lanka, 12 December 2009
*Highest Individual Twenty20 Score: 82* – [[Virat Kohli]], India vs. Australia, [[2016 ICC World Twenty20]], 27 March 2016
*Best Twenty20 Innings Bowling Figures: 5/27 – James Faulkner, Australia vs. Pakistan, [[2016 ICC World Twenty20]], 25 March 2016
*Highest Twenty20 Partnership: 81 (for the 2nd wicket) – [[Sanath Jayasuriya]] & [[Kumar Sangakkara]], Sri Lanka vs. India, 12 December 2009
*[[Virat Kohli]] (154 runs) has scored the most runs, followed by [[Yuvraj Singh]] (81) and [[Martin Guptill]] (80).
*[[James Faulkner (cricketer)|James Faulkner]] (6 wickets) has taken the most wickets, followed by [[Yuvraj Singh]] (4) and [[Hardik Pandya]] (3).

=== IPL Records<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-25 |title=IPL records IS Bindra Stadium Mohali |url=https://t20-head-to-head.com/ipl-records-at-the-is-bindra-stadium-mohali/ |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=T20 Head to Head |language=en-GB}}</ref> ===

*Highest Total: 240/5 – [[Chennai Super Kings]] vs. [[Punjab Kings|Kings XI Punjab]], 19 April 2008
*Highest Individual Score: 120* – [[Paul Valthaty]], [[Punjab Kings|Kings XI Punjab]] vs. [[Chennai Super Kings]], 13 April 2011
*Best Bowling Figures: 5/21 – [[Munaf Patel]], [[Mumbai Indians]] vs. [[Punjab Kings|Kings XI Punjab]], 10 May 2011

==See also==

* [[Maharaja Yadavindra Singh International Cricket Stadium]]
* [[List of cricket grounds by capacity]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*[http://cricketpunjab.in/ Official website of Punjab Cricket Association]

==External links==
*[http://cricketpunjab.in/ Official website of Punjab Cricket Association]
*[http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/india/content/ground/57991.html Cricinfo – PCA Cricket Stadium]
*[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Grounds/14/953.html Cricketarchive statistics for PCA Cricket Stadium]

{{coord|30|41|27.09|N|76|44|14.13|E|type:landmark|display=title}}

{{Test cricket grounds in India}}
{{List of cricket grounds in India}}
{{2006 ICC Champions Trophy}}
{{Indian Premier League}}

[[Category:Test cricket grounds in India]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Mohali]]
[[Category:Sports venues in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Cricket grounds in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:2011 Cricket World Cup stadiums]]
[[Category:1996 Cricket World Cup stadiums]]
[[Category:Sport in Mohali]]
[[Category:1993 establishments in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Sports venues completed in 1993]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]

Baruda

2023-09-14T07:20:56Z

Siasat: Shaped an original article.

{{Short description|Village in India}}
'''Baruda''' is a medium-sized Indian village located in [[Bhanjanagar]] block of [[Ganjam]] district in [[Odisha]] with total 446 families residing.

The village's population is 1677, of which 883 are male and 788 female, as per the 2011 population census.<ref>{{cite web |title=Baruda Village Population - Bhanjanagar, Ganjam, Odisha |url=https://www.censusindia2011.com/odisha/ganjam/bhanjanagar/baruda-population.html |website=censusindia2011|access-date=14 September 2023}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Ganjam district]]

{{Ganjam-geo-stub}}

Vinod Kumar

2023-07-16T04:39:50Z

Siasat: Published a captivating piece.

{{Short description|Indian politician}}

{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Vinod Kumar
| office = Member of [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Hanumangarh]]
| country = India
| successor =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| birth_date =
| citizenship = [[India]]
| parents = Aatmaram (father)
| alma_mater =
| termstart = 2018
| termend =
| education =
| district =
| spouse =
| image =
| caption =
}}

'''Vinod Kumar''' is an Indian politician from Rajasthan. Currently, he is a member of [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]] from [[Hanumangarh Assembly constituency|Hanumangarh constituency]] 2018.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hanumangarh Assembly Election Results 2018: Congress' Vinod Kumar wins by 15522 votes |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/rajasthan-election/article/hanumangarh-assembly-constituency-election-2018-polls-rajasthan-vasundhara-raje-bharatiya-janata-party-bjp-congress-sachin-pilot/319416 |website=www.timesnownews.com |access-date=14 July 2023 |language=en }}</ref> He is a member of [[Indian National Congress]] and representative of [[Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee]] (RPCC).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian National Congress Party |url=https://www.rajpcc.com/vinodkumarlilawal |access-date=2023-07-14 |website=www.rajpcc.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Vinod Kumar(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- HANUMANGARH(HANUMANGARGH) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://myneta.info/rajasthan2018/candidate.php?candidate_id=2326 |access-date=2023-07-14 |website=myneta.info}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Vinod}}

[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Hanumangarh district]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2018–2023]]

{{Rajasthan-INC-politician-stub}}

Tiruchi S. Swaminatha Iyer

2023-07-11T02:54:59Z

Siasat: Crafted original article content.

'''Tiruchi Swaminathan Iyer''' (1 December 1910 - 1998)<ref name=doyen /> is a Carnatic vocal singer and scholar.<ref name=sna />

== About ==
He was born in 1910 in the city of [[Tiruchirappalli]] in the state of Tamil Nadu, South India. He learned music from his father Thiruvayar Subrahmanya Iyer. He gave his first concert at Thiruvisalur Ayyaval Utsavam held near Kumbakonam in 1926.<ref name=sna>{{Cite web|url=https://sangeetnatak.gov.in/public/uploads/awardees/docs/Trichi_Swaminathan_Iyer.pdf|title=Trichy Swaminathan Iyer|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804111639/https://www.sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/citation_popup.php?id=487&at=2|archive-date=4 August 2020}}</ref> Since then he has given many musical performances. He is famous for singing rare works of [[Tyagaraja]]. His grand father Orappalli Ayya Bhagavathar was a direct disciple of Saint Tyagaraja. Besides singing vocal music, he took up a career as a music instructor. He taught music to many disciples.<ref name=doyen>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/Doyen-remembered/article16189321.ece|title=Doyen remembered|first=Syed Muthahar|last=Saqaf|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=9 July 2023|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210309120547/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/Doyen-remembered/article16189321.ece|archivedate=9 March 2021}}</ref>

== Awards ==
* In 1987 Tamil Nadu Iyal Isai Natak Manram announced [[Kalaimamani]] award to him.
* In 1993, the Central Sangeet Natak Akademi awarded him the Carnatic Music Vocal Award.<ref name=sna />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{youTube|h4GTxjgWGTo|Sindhaikul uraindum}} - a song sung by Swaminathan Iyer in the raga Kaanada

{{DEFAULTSORT:Iyer, Tiruchi Swaminathan}}
[[Category:Male Carnatic singers]]
[[Category:Carnatic singers]]
[[Category:1910 births]]
[[Category:1998 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Tiruchirappalli district]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male classical singers]]
[[Category:Singers from Tamil Nadu]]

3HO

2023-05-12T12:28:15Z

Siasat: Created an original article format.

{{Short description|Sikh sect founded in 1969 in the West}}{{Infobox organization
| name = 3HO
| abbreviation = [[3HO]]
| image = Harbhajan Singh Yogi at Khalsa Women's Training Camp, New Mexico.jpg
| caption = Yogi Bhajan at Khalsa Women's Training Camp, New Mexico
| formation = {{start date and age|1969|07|13|df=yes|p=y}} {{nowrap|[[Los Angeles]]}}, [[United States]]
| logo = 3HO official logo.png
| type = [[Religious organisation]]
| headquarters = [[Española, New Mexico|Espanola]], [[New Mexico]]
| origins = [[Kundalini Yoga]]
| affiliations = Sikh Dharma International, [[Yogi Tea]], [[Akal Security]]
| founder = [[Yogi Bhajan]]
| area_served = Worldwide
| website = {{url|https://www.3ho.org/}}
}}{{Sikhism sidebar}}

'''3HO (Healthy, Happy, Holy Organization)''', also known as Sikh Dharma of the Western Hemisphere or '''Sikh Dharma International''', is a controversial American organization founded in 1969 by [[Harbhajan Singh Khalsa]], also called "Yogi Bhajan".<ref>{{Cite web |title=3HO History and Timeline |url=https://www.3ho.org/3ho-history-and-timeline/ |access-date=2022-11-22 |website=3HO International |language=en-US |quote=1969 - Yogi Bhajan’s first recorded Kundalini Yoga class takes place in Los Angeles, California. Interest in his teachings grows exponentially and he begins to offer more classes and public events. 3HO (the Healthy, Happy, Holy Foundation) is established by Yogi Bhajan, dedicated to promoting a conscious lifestyle of elevation, awareness, and total health.}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=The Disturbing Mainstream Connections of Yogi Bhajan |work=HuffPost |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/the-disturbing-mainstream_b_667026 |quote=Members of Yogi Bhajan's group claim to be Sikhs. However, according to mainstream members of the religion, by adhering to the doctrine of Yogi Bhajan, they are violating more traditional Sikh teachings. Yogi Bhajan's teachings are closer to a synthesis of Kundalini yoga, tantric and New Age practices than anything originating from Sikh teachings.}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |title=Before the sudden death of its leader, Ra Ma Yoga Institute was accused by some former members of being a cult. What happens now? |work=Insider |url=https://www.insider.com/followers-said-ra-ma-yoga-was-cult-what-happens-now-2021-10 |quote=Kundalini yoga was brought to the US in the 1960s by Yogi Bhajan, who died in 2004. It offered codes to live by, and Bhajan's followers — largely white ex-hippies — were thirsty for enlightenment. They called themselves "American Sikhs," though the practice had nothing to do with actual Sikhism.}}</ref><ref name="time" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |title=The Second Coming of Guru Jagat |work=Vanity Fair |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2021/11/the-second-coming-of-guru-jagat}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news |title=Yogi Bhajan Turned an L.A. Yoga Studio into a Juggernaut, and Left Two Generations of Followers Reeling from Alleged Abuse |work=Los Angeles Magazine |url=https://www.lamag.com/citythinkblog/yogi-bhajan/ |quote=Bhajan was a controversial figure among South Asian Sikhs, who noted that he picked up some aspects of their faith while abandoning others. For one, Sikhs aren’t vegetarian, their religion does not include yoga, they do not revere living gurus. And they don’t wear white.}}</ref><ref name="Nesbitt2016p101">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Nesbitt|title=Sikhism: A Very Short Introduction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zD8SDAAAQBAJ |year=2016|publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-106277-3|pages=101–102}}</ref><ref name="britsikhsects">[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sikhism/Sects-and-other-groups Sects in Sikhism], Encyclopedia Britannica</ref><ref name="fenech8">{{cite book|author1=Pashaura Singh|author2=Louis E. Fenech|title=The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7YwNAwAAQBAJ |year=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-100411-7|pages=8, 358, 515–522}}</ref><ref name="HaarKalsi2009p9">{{cite book|author1= Kristen Haar|author2= Sewa Singh Kalsi|title=Sikhism|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=YOI1nB_zTyAC&pg=PA9| year=2009|publisher =Infobase Publishing| isbn=978-1-4381-0647-2|pages= 9–14}}</ref><ref name="Takhar2016p161">{{cite book|author=Opinderjit Kaur Takhar|title=Sikh Identity: An Exploration of Groups Among Sikhs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UaeoDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT161|year=2016|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-351-90010-2|pages=161–168}}</ref> Its adherents are popularly referred to as the Sikh Dharma Brotherhood.<ref name="HaarKalsi2009p9" /> While referred to as the 3HO movement, "3HO" is strictly speaking the name only of the movement's educational branch.<ref name="britsikhsects" /><ref name="Takhar2016p161"/> Scholars have defined 3HO as a [[new religious movement]].<ref name=":4">Lewis, James R. (2011). ''Violence and New Religious Movements''. Oxford University Press. pp. 3-5. {{ISBN|978-0199735631}}</ref><ref>Chryssides, George D. (2012). ''Historical Dictionary of New Religious Movements''. Scarecrow Press. p. 161. {{ISBN|978-0810861947}}</ref>

==Practices==

The 3HO movement is known for including some practices found in certain traditions such as meditation, vegetarianism and yoga, particularly [[Kundalini yoga]].<ref name="HaarKalsi2009p9"/><ref name="Takhar2016p161"/><ref name="britsikhsects"/> 3HO also believes openness to yoga and spiritual ideas as a source of strength.<ref name="Nayar2004p127">{{cite book|author=Kamala Elizabeth Nayar|title=The Sikh Diaspora in Vancouver: Three Generations Amid Tradition, Modernity, and Multiculturalism|url=https://archive.org/details/sikhdiasporainva00naya |url-access=registration|year=2004|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-0-8020-8631-0|pages=[https://archive.org/details/sikhdiasporainva00naya/page/127 127]–128}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last=Jakobsh | first=Doris | title=3HO/Sikh Dharma of the Western Hemisphere: The Forgotten New Religious Movement? | journal=Religion Compass | publisher=Wiley-Blackwell | volume=2 | issue=3 | year=2008 | doi=10.1111/j.1749-8171.2008.00068.x | pages=385–408}}</ref> Both men and women wear turbans and often wear white clothes.<ref name="HaarKalsi2009p9"/>

3HO requires its members to follow a strict [[Lacto vegetarianism|lacto-vegetarian]] diet.<ref name="York 2009">York, Michael. (2009). ''The A to Z of New Age Movements''. Scarecrow Press. p. 169. {{ISBN|978-0-8108-6816-8}}</ref><ref>Fenech, Louis E; Singh, Pashaura. (2014). ''The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies''. Oxford University Press. p. 365. {{ISBN|9780191004117}}</ref> The use of [[Alcoholic beverage|alcohol]], recreational drugs and [[tobacco]] is forbidden.<ref name="York 2009"/>

==Criticism==
Despite 3HO claiming to practice Sikh teachings and values, the organisation is largely condemned by the wider [[Sikh community]]. With some going as far to refer it as a [[cult]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |title=Yogi Bhajan Turned an L.A. Yoga Studio into a Juggernaut, and Left Two Generations of Followers Reeling from Alleged Abuse |work=Los Angeles Magazine |url=https://www.lamag.com/citythinkblog/yogi-bhajan/ |quote=Bhajan was a controversial figure among South Asian Sikhs, who noted that he picked up some aspects of their faith while abandoning others. For one, Sikhs aren’t vegetarian, their religion does not include yoga, they do not revere living gurus. And they don’t wear white.}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |title=The Second Coming of Guru Jagat |work=Vanity Fair |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2021/11/the-second-coming-of-guru-jagat}}</ref><ref name="time" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=The Disturbing Mainstream Connections of Yogi Bhajan |work=HuffPost |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/the-disturbing-mainstream_b_667026 |quote=Members of Yogi Bhajan's group claim to be Sikhs. However, according to mainstream members of the religion, by adhering to the doctrine of Yogi Bhajan, they are violating more traditional Sikh teachings. Yogi Bhajan's teachings are closer to a synthesis of Kundalini yoga, tantric and New Age practices than anything originating from Sikh teachings.}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |title=Before the sudden death of its leader, Ra Ma Yoga Institute was accused by some former members of being a cult. What happens now? |work=Insider |url=https://www.insider.com/followers-said-ra-ma-yoga-was-cult-what-happens-now-2021-10 |quote=Kundalini yoga was brought to the US in the 1960s by Yogi Bhajan, who died in 2004. It offered codes to live by, and Bhajan's followers — largely white ex-hippies — were thirsty for enlightenment. They called themselves "American Sikhs," though the practice had nothing to do with actual Sikhism.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=How a Cult-turned-Corporation Hijacked American Sikhism |work=The Juggernaut |url=https://www.thejuggernaut.com/kundalini-yoga}}</ref>

===Condemnation by SGPC and Akal Takht===
In 1977, Gurucharan Singh Tohra, former President of the [[Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee]] (SGPC), stated that Harbhajan Singh was not the leader of Sikhism in the Western World as he claimed, and denied Singh's claim that the SGPC had given him the title of Siri Singh Sahib.<ref name="time">
{{cite magazine
|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,915413,00.html
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117091436/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,915413,00.html
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=November 17, 2007
|title=Religion: Yogi Bhajan's Synthetic Sikhism
|first=James|last=Wilde
|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]
|access-date=2011-01-02
}}</ref>

Sikh High Priest, Jaswant Singh stated that he and his council professed to be "shocked" at Bhajan's "fantastic theories." Yoga, Tantrism and the "sexual practices" taught by Bhajan, the council declared, are "forbidden and immoral."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Religion: Yogi Bhajan's Synthetic Sikhism |url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,915413-2,00.html |website=Time Magazine |quote=High Priest Jaswant Singh, a leader of the Sikhs in eastern India and comparable in status to Bhajan Backer Tohra, last week denounced Bhajan's claims. He and his council professed to be "shocked" at Bhajan's "fantastic theories." Yoga, Tantrism and the "sexual practices" taught by Bhajan, the council declared, are "forbidden and immoral."}}</ref>

===Sexual Abuse Allegations===
After the release of a memoir in early 2020, several victims filed a civil lawsuit in Los Angeles against 3HO. They claimed that Bhajan not only abused them but that members of 3HO were also aware of the abuse. As a result, An Olive Branch, a consultancy specializing in addressing misconduct in spiritual communities, conducted an investigation. Their conclusive report confirmed the likelihood of the allegations being true.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Inside The Dubious World Of A Cult That Turned 550-year-old Religion Into A Commodity |work=India Times |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/yogi-bhajan-sexual-abuse-573603.html |quote=In light of the memoir that came out in early 2020, and after many of the victims filed a civil lawsuit in Los Angeles against 3HO, claiming that not only did Bhajan abuse them but also that members of 3HO were well aware of the abuse. Following the allegations, an investigation was opened by An Olive Branch, a consultancy that is strangely established to deal with misconduct in the spiritual community. Their final report revealed that the allegations are indeed (most likely) true.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=OIive Branch Report |url=https://epsweb.org/an-olive-branch-report/ |website=The SSSC Office of Ethics and Professional Standards}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Olive Branch Report |url=https://kundaliniresearchinstitute.org/en/timeline/report-by-an-olive-branch-issued/ |website=Kundalini Research Institute}}</ref>

In 2019, Yogi Bhajan's former secretary Pamela Saharah Dyson published the book ''Premka: White Bird in a Golden Cage: My Life with Yogi Bhajan'', reporting that she and other women had sexual relationships with Harbhajan Singh.<ref name="Dyson 2019">{{cite book | last=Dyson | first=Pamela | title=Premka : White Bird in a golden cage : my life with Yogi Bhajan | publisher=Eyes Wide Publishing | publication-place=Maui, Hawaii | year=2019 | isbn=978-0-578-62188-3 | oclc=1142816131 }}</ref>
In March 2020, anti-cult activist Be Scofield published an article in her magazine ''The Guru'' reporting sexual abuse and rape of female followers and assistants including Dyson by Harbhajan Singh, based on "over a dozen original interviews".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Scofield |first=Be |title=Master of Deceit: How Yogi Bhajan Used Kundalini Yoga for Money, Sex and Power |url=https://gurumag.com/master-of-deceit-how-yogi-bhajan-used-kundalini-yoga-for-money-sex-and-power/ |access-date=June 9, 2020 |website=The Guru}}</ref>

=== Scholars' views on 3HO and Yogi Bhajan ===
Scholars including Verne A. Dusenbery and [[Pashaura Singh]] have concurred that Harbhajan Singh's introduction of Sikh teachings into the West helped identify Sikhism as a world religion while at the same time creating a compelling counter-narrative to that which identified Sikhs solely as a race with a shared history in India.<ref>Verne A. Dusenbery (1999). "'Nation' or 'World Religion'?: Master Narratives of Sikh Identity" in Sikh Identity: Continuity and Change. Pashaura Singh and N. Gerald Barrier, editors. New Delhi: Manohar Publishers. pp. 127-139; Pashaura Singh (2013). "Re-imagining Sikhi ('Sikhness') in the Twenty-first Century: Toward a Paradigm Shift in Sikh Studies" in Re-imagining South Asian Religions. Pashaura Singh and Michael Hawley, editors. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill NV. p. 43; Opinderjit Kaur Takhar (2005). Sikh Identity: An Exploration of Groups Among Sikhs. Aldershot, England: Ashgate Publishing. pp. 172-77.</ref>

Sikh historian, Trilochan Singh offered a contrasting perspective in his critical work entitled "Sikhism and Tantric Yoga." "I am extremely worried about the manner in which Yogi Bhajan teaches Sikhism to American young men and women whose sincerity, nobility of purpose, and rare passion for oriental wisdom and genuine mystical experiences is unquestionably unique. I do not care what fantastic interpretations of Kundalini Yoga he gives, the like of which I have never read in any Tantra text, nor known from any living Tantric scholar. I am not prepared to take seriously his newly invented Guru Yoga in which his pious and uncritical followers must concentrate on a particular picture of Yogi Bhajan, which practice is called mental beaming."<ref>{{cite web |title=Sikhism and Tantric Yoga |url=http://www.gurmukhyoga.com/forum/index.php?mode=page&id=1 |access-date=May 26, 2020 |publisher=The Gurumukh Yoga Forum}}</ref>

Philip Deslippe, a historian of American religion, wrote a 2012 article "From Maharaj to Mahan Tantric: The Construction of Yogi Bhajan's Kundalini Yoga", using 3HO source archive material and news articles to reveal how Harbhajan Singh recreated his own story after his first trip back to India:<ref name="Deslippe 2021">{{cite journal |last=Deslippe |first=Philip |title=From Maharaj to Mahan Tantric: The Construction of Yogi Bhajan's Kundalini Yoga |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271568190 |journal=Sikh Formations |access-date=March 2, 2021 |doi=10.1080/17448727.2012.745303|s2cid=144988035 }}</ref>
{{blockquote|I set out to answer the question "where did Kundalini Yoga as taught by Yogi Bhajan (KYATBYB) come from?" and not much else. I tried to support my findings with as much evidence as possible, and for that evidence to be as clear, specific, verifiable, and close to the source, such as interviews with first hand witnesses (Pamela being one of them), quotes from Yogi Bhajan, contemporary newspaper accounts, and exercises taken from manuals. I concluded that in the early years of 3HO, Yogi Bhajan was using the physical yoga of Swami [[Dhirendra Brahmachari]] and the persona and mantra of Baba Virsa Singh, and that the figure of Sant Hazara Singh only became prominent after the first trip to India in 1970-1971 when Yogi Bhajan had a falling out with Virsa Singh.|source=Philip Deslippe.<ref name="Deslippe 2021"/>}}

==Governance and control==
[[File:Yogi Bhajan 1985.jpg|thumb|Yogi Bhajan (1985) founder of 3HO]]
Yogi Bhajan formed Sikh Dharma International as a California nonprofit religious corporation "organized to advance the religion of Sikh Dharma and as an association of religious organizations teaching principles of Sikh Dharma, including by ordination of ministers of divinity and operation of places of worship." During Yogi Bhajan's lifetime, Sikh Dharma International, along with related legal entities Siri Singh Sahib Corporation and Unto Infinity LLC, were held and controlled by Siri Singh Sahib of Sikh Dharma, a California "corporation sole" of which Yogi Bhajan was the only shareholder.<ref name="9thCir">{{cite court |litigants=Puri v. Khalsa |vol=844 |reporter=F.3d |opinion=1152 |pinpoint=slip op. at 5-9, 33 |court=9th Cir. |url=https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2017/01/06/13-36024.pdf |access-date=2018-11-08 }}</ref> Following the Yogi's death in 2004, a dispute ensued over the governance of those entities and assets. Yogi Bhajan's wife, Bibiji Inderjit Kaur Puri, alleged that she had been appointed to the board of Unto Infinity, and that she and their three children were appointed to the Siri Singh Sahib of Sikh Dharma board of directors (and thus in a position to exert significant control over all of the Sikh Dharma legal entities); but that following Yogi Bhajan's death the other board members of those entities improperly prevented them from taking part in governance. In January 2017, the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals determined that the lawsuit was not on its face an ecclesiastical dispute.<ref name="9thCir"/><ref name="death">{{cite news |last=Pein |first=Corey |title=Death of a Yogi |url=http://www.sfreporter.com/santafe/article-6242-death-of-a-yogi.html |newspaper=Santa Fe Reporter |location=Santa Fe, New Mexico |access-date=2017-01-17}}</ref><ref name="pein">{{cite news |last=Pein |first=Corey |title=Khalsa vs. Khalsa |url=http://www.sfreporter.com/santafe/article-5502-khalsa-vs-khalsa.html |newspaper=Santa Fe Reporter |location=Santa Fe, New Mexico |access-date=2017-01-17}}</ref> However, in April 2018, Chief Judge Michael Mosman of the U.S. District Court for the District of Oregon dismissed the case.<ref name="bernstein">{{cite news |last=Bernstein |first=Maxine |title=Judge dismisses lawsuit over rulership of Sikh business empire |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/portland/index.ssf/2018/04/judge_dismisses_lawsuit_over_r.html |newspaper=[[The Oregonian]] |location=Portland, Oregon |access-date=2018-11-08}}</ref> Judge Mosman concluded that there was significant evidence that the 3HO corporate entities were religious in character and thus that the dispute could not be adjudicated in civil court.<ref name="bernstein"/>
[[File:3HO Summer Solstice 1970.jpg|left|thumb|3HO summer solstice 1970]]

==Business ventures==

According to anthropology professor and Sikh diaspora researcher Nicola Mooney, 3HO Sikhs have combined "ethic and capitalism" to their spiritual pursuits, with Sikh Dharma International and its associated corporate entities and directors creating and controlling the [[Yogi Tea]] and [[Akal Security]] brands with a worldwide presence.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Mooney | first=Nicola | title=Reading Weber Among the Sikhs: Asceticism and Capitalism in the 3Ho/Sikh Dharma | journal=Sikh Formations | publisher=Taylor & Francis | volume=8 | issue=3 | year=2012 | doi=10.1080/17448727.2012.745305 | pages=417–436| s2cid=145775040 }}</ref>

Golden Temple of Oregon, a natural foods company that built the Peace Cereal and Yogi Tea brands, was owned by a corporate entity controlled by Yogi Bhajan, and was estimated to be worth around $100,000,000 at the time of his death. The company was transferred to Kartar Singh Khalsa for $100, sparking lawsuits over improper disposition of the assets.<ref>{{cite news |last=Culverwell |first=Wendy |title=Schwabe Williamson sued for $230M in Yogi Bhajan-related suit |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/portland/blog/2012/02/suits-fly-when-100m-company-sold-for.html |newspaper=Portland Business Journal |location=Portland, Oregon |access-date=2017-01-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Buri McDonald |first=Sherri |title=Yogi's widow sues managers |url=http://projects.registerguard.com/csp/cms/sites/web/business/25663938-41/golden-temple-infinity-khalsa-lawsuit.csp |newspaper=The Register-Guard |location=Eugene, Oregon |access-date=2017-01-17 |quote=The widow’s lawsuit, which was filed in Multnomah County Circuit Court in Portland, alleges that Unto Infinity authorized raises and perks for its members, including boosting Khalsa’s salary from $125,000 in 2002 to $850,000 in 2008. . . Hers is the third lawsuit to accuse Unto Infinity members of breaking their fiduciary duty to safeguard the Sikh Dharma community’s assets and of personally profiting instead. The other two lawsuits — one filed by Sikh Dharma ministers and the other by Oregon Attorney General John Kroger — were consolidated earlier this month.}}</ref> Golden Temple's cereal division was sold to Hearthside Food Solutions in May 2010 for $71 million; the executives were later ordered to return more than half of the sale price to a court-appointed receiver. Hearthside was later acquired by [[Post Holdings|Post]]. Golden Temple was renamed East West Tea Company after that sale.<ref>{{cite news |author= |title=Golden Temple execs must return $36 million |url=http://www.oregonbusiness.com/article/item/7603-golden-temple-execs-must-return-36-million |newspaper=Oregon Business |location=Portland, Oregon |access-date=2017-01-17}}</ref>

Another SDI-related company, [[Akal Security]], initially hired 3HO members to guard shops and restaurants. It grew into a $500 million-a-year company with federal contracts to protect numerous government buildings in Washington, DC and elsewhere, including courthouses, airports, and embassies. The founders donated the company to the church in 1980.<ref name="death"/>

Following the death of Yogi Bhajan, control over Golden Temple and Akal Security was contested in a series of lawsuits in Oregon.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bernstein |first=Maxine |title=Long court battle over Sikh business empire takes another turn |url=http://www.oregonlive.com/pacific-northwest-news/index.ssf/2017/01/can_a_dispute_over_management.html |newspaper=The Oregonian |location=Portland, Oregon |access-date=2017-01-17}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* Elsberg, Constance. ''Graceful Women: Gender and Identity in an American Sikh Community.'' University of Tennessee Press, 2006.

==External links==
* [http://www.3ho.org/ 3HO Foundation] - 3HO
* [https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle/10138/161022/3hointhe.pdf?sequence=1 3HO in the Light of Experience], Juan F Lafontaine, Finland (2016)
* [https://www.sikhdharma.org/ Sikh Dharma International]

{{Sikhism|state=collapsed}}
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[[Category:New religious movements]]
[[Category:Non-profit organizations based in New Mexico]]
[[Category:Religious organizations established in 1969]]
[[Category:Religious organizations based in the United States]]
[[Category:Religions that require vegetarianism]]
[[Category:Sikh groups and sects]]
[[Category:Sikhism in the United States]]

1991 Indian Rajya Sabha elections

2022-08-21T17:56:02Z

Siasat: Fresh page draft.

#REDIRECT [[1991 Rajya Sabha elections]]

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Chhotu Ram Chaudhary

2022-04-14T06:54:08Z

Siasat: Created an insightful write-up.

#REDIRECT [[C. R. Chaudhary]]

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