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HIMT

2026-05-04T12:44:51Z

ShereeScotto4: Done

{{Article for deletion/dated|page=HIMT|timestamp=20260504124451|year=2026|month=May|day=4|substed=yes|help=off}}


{{More citations needed|date=April 2026}}

{{Infobox university
| name = Hindustan Institute of Maritime Training (HIMT)
| image = HIMT-College-Campus-Aerial-View-Oct-2025-1.webp
| motto = Where Knowledge is Wealth
| type = Private Institution
| established = 1998, 27 years ago.
| founder = Dr. Sanjeev S Vakil
| parent = HIMT Group of Institutes
| accreditation = ISO 9001 : 2015
| affiliation = Indian Maritime University (IMU)
| academic_affiliation = DG Shipping, UK MCA
| total_staff = 100+
| students = 4,51,000+
| city = Chennai
| state = Tamil Nadu
| country = India
| campus_type = [[Urban area|Urban]]
| campus_size = 12 acres
| website = {{URL|https://himtmarine.com}}
| mapframe = yes
| coordinates = {{Coord|13.085234 |N|80.250439|E}}
}}The '''HIMT''' Group of Institutes is a maritime education and training institution founded in 1998 in [[Kilpauk]], [[Chennai]], by Dr. Sanjeev S. Vakil. The institute was established with the objective of training seafarers in accordance with international maritime standards, particularly those outlined under the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the STCW Convention.

The institution provides pre-sea and post sea courses and regulated by the [[Directorate General of Shipping]] (DG Shipping), [[Government of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=DG shipping |url=http://220.156.189.33/esamudraUI/viewInstituteOuter.do?method=loadIndexPageViewInstitute |website=DG shipping }}</ref> HIMT opened its college at Kalpakkam after getting approval from [[Kalpakkam]] nuclear power plant.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-05-15|title='HIMT has been reclassified as education zone'|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2009/Aug/06/himt-has-been-reclassified-as-education-zone-75114.html|access-date=2025-12-11|website=The New Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> HIMT is also affiliated with the [[Indian Maritime University]] (IMU).<ref>{{Cite web |title=List Of Affliated Colleges|url=https://www.imu.edu.in/imunew/list-of-affliated-colleges|access-date=2025-12-11|website=www.imu.edu.in}}</ref>

Over the years, HIMT expanded its operations to multiple campuses and developed a comprehensive training ecosystem covering both pre-sea and post-sea maritime education. They offer more than 75+ approved courses across various domains of maritime training.

== History ==
Hindustan Institute of Maritime Training (HIMT) was established in 1998 by Dr Sanjeev S. Vakil, a Mechanical Engineering graduate. The institute began by offering post-sea courses.<ref>{{Cite web |title=HIMT's 26 Years of Excellence in MET: 74 employees Honoured and Awarded for Long Service |url=https://www.sagarsandesh.in/news/35195 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=www.sagarsandesh.in}}</ref>

== Campuses ==

* '''HIMT College (Pre-Sea Campus), Chennai''' - Residential campus offering degree, diploma, and certification programmes.
* '''HIMT Kilpauk, Chennai''' - Post-sea training centre for STCW and modular courses.
* '''HIMT Tidal Park, Chennai''' - Advanced simulator-based post-sea training facility.
* '''Vizag HIMT, Visakhapatnam''' - Post-sea training centre serving India’s eastern region.
* '''HIMT Offshore, Chennai''' - Training centre offering UK MCA-approved courses.
* '''HIMT Mock-up, Chennai''' - Dedicated practical training yard with waterfront access for safety and emergency drills.

== Acadamics ==
HIMT’s academic structure is broadly divided into:

* Pre-Sea Training - Entry-level programmes for cadets.
* Post-Sea Training – Advanced, refresher,competency-based training, Simulation and Practical Training.
* Value-added Training – Facilities for hands-on and scenario-based training.

== Affiliations ==

* [[Directorate General of Shipping|D.G. Shipping, (Govt. of India)]]
* [[Indian Maritime University]].
* UK Maritime and Coastguard Agency.<ref name=":32">{{Cite web |title=STCW MCA - Approved Training Providers |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/68e791fbcf65bd04bad766a3/AFF_09.10.2025.pdf}}</ref>

== Accreditations ==
HIMT affiliates with national and international maritime bodies, including:

* Approved by the Directorate General of Shipping - DGS (Government of India)
* [[:de:International_Maritime_Employers_Committee|Affiliated with Indian Maritime University (IMU)]]
* Approved by UK Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA)

== Ranking & Awards ==
HIMT holds multiple certifications and recognitions:

* ISO 9001:2015 certified by Bureau Veritas
* Rated Grade A1 (Outstanding) by DNV, ClassNK, and the Indian Register of Shipping
* Ranked 1st – Outstanding Maritime Training Institute (Post-Sea) by the Directorate General of Shipping (NMDC) for four consecutive years (2023, 2024, 2025, 2026).
* Training Institute Of The Year (Post Sea) at Samudra Manthan Awards (2022 & 2024)
* Education and Training Award at the Maritime Standard Award (2019)
* Offing Indian Seafarers’ Choice Awards for the Best Maritime Training Institute (2016 & 2018).
* Excellence in Maritime Education at Gateway Awards 2015
* Excellence in Maritime Education & Training at World Shipping Forum (2013) presented by Shipping Minister Shri G.K. Vasan
* Winner of the Sea Trade Award 2010, presented by the former Secretary General of IMO (2010)
* Exemplary Personal Achievement Award by Sailor Today (2007)
* First institute in India to be graded GRADE 1 – Outstanding, by DGS-approved ICRA (2004)

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==

* [https://himtcollege.com/ Official website]

[[Category:Colleges in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Maritime colleges in India]]
[[Category:Schools in Chennai]]

Vettaiyan

2026-05-02T05:13:52Z

ShereeScotto4: made the post w/ refs - done

{{Short description|2024 Indian film by T. J. Gnanavel}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Vettaiyan poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[T. J. Gnanavel]]
| screenplay = {{ubl
|B. Kiruthika<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajendran |first=Gopinath |date=9 October 2024 |title=TJ Gnanavel on Rajinikanth's 'Vettaiyan': Art is a tool, a weapon... but it all comes down to who's wielding it |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/tj-gnanavel-on-rajinikanths-vettaiyan-art-is-a-tool-a-weapon-but-it-all-comes-down-to-whos-wielding-it/article68734258.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241123184523/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/tj-gnanavel-on-rajinikanths-vettaiyan-art-is-a-tool-a-weapon-but-it-all-comes-down-to-whos-wielding-it/article68734258.ece |archive-date=23 November 2024 |access-date=12 October 2024 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
}}
| story = T. J. Gnanavel
| producer = [[Subaskaran Allirajah]]
| starring = {{ubl
| [[Rajinikanth]]
| [[Amitabh Bachchan]]
| [[Fahadh Faasil]]
| [[Rana Daggubati]]
| [[Manju Warrier]]
| [[Ritika Singh]]
| [[Dushara Vijayan]]
}}
| cinematography = [[S. R. Kathir]]
| editing = [[Philomin Raj]]
| music = [[Anirudh Ravichander]]
| studio = [[Lyca Productions]]
| distributor = [[Red Giant Movies]]
| released = {{film date|2024|10|10|df=yes}}
| runtime = 163 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2024 |title=Rajinikanth's 'Vettaiyan' censored U/A; final runtime revealed! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rajinikanths-vettaiyan-censored-u/a-final-runtime-revealed/articleshow/113838998.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007142859/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rajinikanths-vettaiyan-censored-u/a-final-runtime-revealed/articleshow/113838998.cms |archive-date=7 October 2024 |access-date=4 October 2024 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = {{INR|300}} crore<ref name="budget">{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Akhila |date=8 October 2024 |title=Vettaiyan budget: Director TJ Gnanavel makes a big revelation about Rajinikanth's film |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/vettaiyan-budget-director-tj-gnanavel-makes-a-big-revelation-about-rajinikanths-film/dab4dac061384 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009132731/https://www.ottplay.com/news/vettaiyan-budget-director-tj-gnanavel-makes-a-big-revelation-about-rajinikanths-film/dab4dac061384 |archive-date=9 October 2024 |access-date=9 October 2024 |website=[[OTTPlay]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2024 |title=Vettaiyan box office collection: Rajinikanth-starrer crosses Indian 2's pre-booking collections before release, yet to overtake Jailer |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/vettaiyan-box-office-collection-rajinikanth-starrer-crosses-indian-2-pre-booking-jailer-record-yet-to-be-crossed-9611954/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009131256/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/vettaiyan-box-office-collection-rajinikanth-starrer-crosses-indian-2-pre-booking-jailer-record-yet-to-be-crossed-9611954/ |archive-date=9 October 2024 |access-date=9 October 2024 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref>
}}

'''''Vettaiyan''''' ({{IPAc-en|v|eɪ|t|t|ə|j|ə|n}} {{translation|Hunter}}) is a 2024 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action drama film]] directed by [[T. J. Gnanavel]] and produced by [[Subaskaran Allirajah]]'s [[Lyca Productions]]. The film stars an ensemble cast of [[Rajinikanth]], [[Amitabh Bachchan]] (in his Tamil debut), [[Fahadh Faasil]], [[Rana Daggubati]], [[Manju Warrier]], [[Ritika Singh]], [[Dushara Vijayan]], [[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]], [[Rao Ramesh]], [[Abhirami Gopikumar|Abhirami]] and [[Ramesh Thilak]]. The film follows a senior police officer who accidentally shoots an innocent person during an [[encounter killing]], while investigating the murder of a teacher.

The film was officially announced in March 2023 under the tentative title ''Thalaivar 170,'' as it is the 170th film with Rajinikanth as lead actor, and the official title was announced in December 2023. [[Principal photography]] commenced in October 2023 and ended in August 2024. It was shot in several locations including Thiruvananthapuram, Tirunelveli, Chennai, Mumbai, and Hyderabad. The film has music composed by [[Anirudh Ravichander]], cinematography handled by [[S. R. Kathir]] and editing by [[Philomin Raj]].

''Vettaiyan'' released worldwide on 10 October 2024 in theatres, coinciding with [[Vijayadashami]], to mixed reviews from critics who praised Rajinikanth, Amitabh Bachchan, Fahadh Faasil and Rana Daggubati’s performance and technical aspects while the storyline and pacing received criticism. Although emerging as the [[List of Tamil films of 2024#Box office collection|third highest-grossing Tamil film of 2024]] and the [[List of highest-grossing Tamil films|seventeenth highest-grossing Tamil film of all time]], it did not perform well at the box-office.

== Plot ==
Athiyan, a [[Superintendent of police (India)|Superintendent of Police]] in the [[Kanyakumari]] district, is a renowned [[encounter killing|encounter specialist]] known as "Vettaiyan" for taking down criminals with the help of his team and "Battery" Patrick, a thief-turned-police informer who is also a tech genius. Athiyan receives a complaint from Saranya, a middle-school teacher, from Pechipaarai about [[Cannabis (drug)|marijuana]] being stored in classrooms, leading to student drug abuse and disrupted classes. Following the tip, Athiyan and his team arrest Kumaresan, the man behind the drug production, and kill him in an encounter, earning public approval but drawing scrutiny of the [[National Human Rights Commission of India|human rights commission]]. Justice Sathyadev Bramhadutt Pandey visits the encounter case hearing for observation while the court rules the encounter justified. Saranya gets closer to Athiyan's family and is soon transferred to [[Chennai]].

Soon, Saranya is brutally raped and murdered on the terrace of her new school, with her body discovered in the water tank. [[Superintendent of police (India)|SP]] Harish Kumar and [[Assistant superintendent|ASP]] Roopa Kiran led the investigation, uncovering Guna, a software engineer and the brother of Saranya's school student Chitra, as the perpetrator due to his alleged addiction to [[pornography]]. Teachers protest statewide, demanding Guna's arrest and justice for Saranya. Guna escapes custody from the hospital, prompting authorities to deploy Athiyan, and is eventually tracked down and killed by Athiyan in an encounter at sea. While the public praises this, Sathyadev reveals that Guna was in Hyderabad during the crime, proving his innocence. Devastated by his mistake, Athiyan reopens the case with Patrick, Roopa, and Harish, uncovering gaps in the original investigation.

Their efforts led them to Hanu Reddy, a [[Contract killing|contract killer]] hired to murder Saranya. However, Hanu is killed before they can discover who hired him. With Patrick's technical expertise, the team uncovers Harish's corruption: he had tipped off Hanu about the police's pursuit and took a bribe to frame Guna. Investigations with a Nat Academy employee, Swetha, revealed that their chairman, Natraj Shanmugam, was involved in a scam of luring parents and students with promises of 100% pass rates in competitive exams through online courses. Many families took loans to join, but the Nat Academy refused refunds when they discontinued or could not pay, and those who complained faced threats and violence. To hide the scam, Natraj partnered with the Government under the "Smart Student Scheme" to provide free entrance exam coaching classes to government schools, to deceive people by disparaging the standards of government schools by bribing [[social media influencer]]s. Saranya and Guna, whose sister was also a subscriber to Nat Academy's online course, had uncovered evidence of the scam before Saranya's demise.

Athiyan attempts to arrest Natraj but is transferred to the Economic Offences Wing in retaliation. Subsequently, Athiyan collaborates with [[Deputy superintendent of police|DSP]] Nazeema to investigate Natraj under the provisions of the BUDS Act, 2019. To gather evidence, Athiyan, with the assistance of his wife Thara, a social media influencer, collects complaints from parents across the state who claimed to have been defrauded by Nat Academy's online courses. Natraj sends goons simultaneously to intimidate Athiyan, Thara, and Roopa, but these attempts are unsuccessful. Athiyan learns that a [[hard disk drive]] had already been sent by Saranya, and upon recovering, finds proof of Natraj's scams, but Natraj's henchmen kill Patrick during the investigation. Swetha bribes the [[public prosecutor]], allowing Natraj to evade a court case.

Athiyan, lacking concrete evidence linking Natraj to Saranya's murder, with his nephew Dharan's help, shares Saranya's final video, revealing Natraj's purported scam and attempted murder on social media. Then, he convenes a press meeting to share findings regarding Natraj's scam, exposes Harish's role in falsely implicating Guna, and declares Guna's innocence. The police arrests Harish and Natraj, and the government annuls all MoUs with Nat Academy, leading to its ban. During transportation from [[Pulhal Central Prison|Puzhal prison]] to the court, Natraj escapes custody, taking Roopa hostage. Athiyan confronts Natraj and subdues him and his henchmen, securing Natraj's arrest.

Six months later, Natraj is sentenced to life in prison for Saranya and Patrick’s deaths, and Athiyan steps back from his encounter-driven methods, choosing to let justice take its course.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Rajinikanth]] as [[Superintendent of police (India)|SP]] V. Athiyan [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] (Vettaiyan)
* [[Amitabh Bachchan]] as [[Supreme court of India|Justice]] Dr. Sathyadev Bramhadutt Pandey, [[National Human Rights Commission of India]]
* [[Fahadh Faasil]] as Cyber Patrick "Battery"
* [[Rana Daggubati]] as Natraj "Nat" Shanmugam
* [[Manju Warrier]] as Thara, Athiyan's wife
* [[Ritika Singh]] as [[Assistant superintendent|ASP]] Roopa Kiran
* [[Dushara Vijayan]] as Saranya, a teacher
* Asal Kolaar as Guna
* Krish Hassan as Sathish, Guna's friend
* [[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]] as [[Deputy superintendent of police|DSP]] Nazeema, [[Indian Economic Service]]
* [[Abhirami Gopikumar|Abhirami]] as Swetha Dhakshinamoorthy
* [[Rao Ramesh]] as [[Director general of police|DGP]] D. Shrinivas
* [[Ramesh Thilak]] as Anbu, Office peon
* [[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]] as [[Superintendent of police (India)|SP]] K. Harish Kumar
* [[Rakshan]] as Dharan, Athiyan's nephew
* [[G. M. Sundar]] as [[Inspector]] Lourdhu Samy
* [[Sabumon Abdusamad]] as Kumaresan
* [[Supreeth]] as Hanu Reddy
* [[Shaji Chen]] as Chennai Police Commissioner K. Virendar<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GJg7XYzOCtU |title=Thalaivar வந்து நிக்கும் போது ஒரு Magic நடக்கும் {{!}} Vettaiyan Exclusive Interview {{!}}Shaji Chen {{!}}Rajini |date=17 September 2024 |language=ta |publisher=[[Lyca Productions]] |access-date=23 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241004013903/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GJg7XYzOCtU |archive-date=4 October 2024 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 September 2024 |title=Vettaiyan Prevue: Superstar Rajinikanth shines as suave encounter specialist |url=https://www.desimartini.com/movies/trending/vettaiyan-prevue-superstar-rajinikanth-shines-as-suave-encounter-specialist-watch/a4e39972eb472/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240923161042/https://www.desimartini.com/movies/trending/vettaiyan-prevue-superstar-rajinikanth-shines-as-suave-encounter-specialist-watch/a4e39972eb472/ |archive-date=23 September 2024 |access-date=23 September 2024 |website=[[Desimartini]] |language=en}}</ref>
* [[R. Aravindraj]] as V. Rathinam, [[Home Ministry (India)|Tamil Nadu Home Minister]]
* [[Alencier Ley Lopez]] as Combined Courts Judge
* [[Remya Suresh]] as Saranya's mother
* [[Ananth Nag (Tamil actor)|Ananth Nag]] as ASP Ram
* Birla Bose as [[Deputy Superintendent of Police|DSP]]
* B. S. Avinash as Perusu
* Kalki Raja as Kumaresan's sidekick
* Thanmaya Sol as Chithra, Guna's sister
* Vasanthi as Guna's mother
* Aruvi Bala as Compounder
* Sri Deva as NAT Academy Agent
* Aroul D. Shankar as Education Minister
* [[Vinod Sagar]] as Politician
* [[Krishnudu]] as [[Kadapa]] Head Constable Srinivasa Rao{{efn|Although the character was unnamed in the end credits, the name was revealed in the film.}}
* [[Anirudh Ravichander]] as himself in the song "Manasilaayo"}}

== Production ==
=== Development ===
In May 2022, it was reported that director [[T. J. Gnanavel]] would reunite with [[Suriya]] for his next directorial post the critically acclaimed [[Jai Bhim (film)|''Jai Bhim'']] (2021).<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 May 2022 |title=Suriya Dismisses Rumours of His Project With Director Bala Getting Shelved |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/suriya-dismisses-rumours-of-his-project-with-director-bala-getting-shelved-5258161.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609185300/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/suriya-dismisses-rumours-of-his-project-with-director-bala-getting-shelved-5258161.html |archive-date=9 June 2022 |access-date=12 March 2024 |website=[[News18]] |language=en}}</ref> Then Suriya stated that if his film with [[Vetrimaaran]], ''Vaadivaasal'', got further delayed due to extensive pre-production works, they would collaborate again.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 May 2022 |title=Suriya's next with TJ Gnanavel to be shot in single stretch |url=https://www.dtnext.in/cinema/2022/05/23/suriyas-next-with-tj-gnanavel-to-be-shot-in-single-stretch |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707131936/https://www.dtnext.in/cinema/2022/05/23/suriyas-next-with-tj-gnanavel-to-be-shot-in-single-stretch |archive-date=7 July 2022 |access-date=12 March 2024 |website=[[DT Next]] |language=en}}</ref> Production was to begin after Suriya completed his commitments with [[Bala (director)|Bala]]'s ''[[Vanangaan]]'' at that time, but Suriya left ''Vanangaan'' due to reported creative differences with Bala.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=4 May 2022 |title='Jai Bhim' duo Suriya and TJ Gnanavel to reunite for a quickie |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/jai-bhim-duo-suriya-and-tj-gnanavel-to-reunite-for-a-quickie/articleshow/91317483.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013121340/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/jai-bhim-duo-suriya-and-tj-gnanavel-to-reunite-for-a-quickie/articleshow/91317483.cms |archive-date=13 October 2023 |access-date=2 October 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 September 2023 |title=First Look Of Bala-Arun Vijay's Vanangaan Out |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/quick-reads/first-look-of-bala-arun-vijays-vanangaan-out |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209013706/https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/quick-reads/first-look-of-bala-arun-vijays-vanangaan-out |archive-date=9 December 2023 |access-date=8 July 2024 |website=[[Film Companion]] |language=en}}</ref> Gnanavel confirmed the reunion in November 2022 during an interview for the occasion. He further stated that he narrated the script to Suriya during the filming of ''Jai Bhim'' in 2021, and the actor approved it back then.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 November 2022 |title='Jai Bhim' director TJ Gnanavel confirms his reunion with Suriya |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/jai-bhim-director-tj-gnanavel-confirms-his-reunion-with-suriya/articleshow/95273867.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208115745/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/jai-bhim-director-tj-gnanavel-confirms-his-reunion-with-suriya/articleshow/95273867.cms |archive-date=8 December 2022 |access-date=2 October 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 November 2022 |title=TJ Gnanavel confirms reuniting with Suriya for his next |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/Nov/02/tj-gnanavel-confirms-reuniting-with-suriya-for-his-next-36197.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211151953/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/nov/02/tj-gnanavel-confirms-reuniting-with-suriya-for-his-next-36197.html |archive-date=11 December 2023 |access-date=12 March 2024 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

In July 2022, director Cibi Chakravarthy, was reported to begin work for his next, which would either star [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]] or [[Rajinikanth]], with the latter being the top contender.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 July 2022 |title='Don' director Cibi Chakravarthy plans to direct Vijay or Rajinikanth in his next |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/don-director-cibi-chakravarthy-plans-to-direct-vijay-or-rajinikanth-in-his-next/articleshow/93229727.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709205348/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/don-director-cibi-chakravarthy-plans-to-direct-vijay-or-rajinikanth-in-his-next/articleshow/93229727.cms |archive-date=9 July 2023 |access-date=17 January 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> In August, Chakravarthy confirmed that he indeed had begun work for his next directorial but the lead actor was not finalised.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 August 2022 |title='Don' director Cibi Chakravarthy opens up about his next |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/don-director-cibi-chakravarthy-opens-up-about-his-next/articleshow/93299164.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117204041/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/don-director-cibi-chakravarthy-opens-up-about-his-next/articleshow/93299164.cms |archive-date=17 January 2024 |access-date=17 January 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Throughout the year, speculations arose over the collaboration of the director and Rajinikanth and the film was temporarily titled ''Thalaivar 170''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 November 2022 |title=Aravind Swami hints about joining Rajinikanth after 31 years in Cibi Chakravarthy's directorial |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/aravind-swamy-hints-about-joining-rajinikanth-after-31-years-in-cibi-chakravarthys-directorial/articleshow/94218186.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117204101/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/aravind-swamy-hints-about-joining-rajinikanth-after-31-years-in-cibi-chakravarthys-directorial/articleshow/94218186.cms |archive-date=17 January 2024 |access-date=17 January 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> As Rajinikanth signed a two-film deal with [[Lyca Productions]] due to the success of [[2.0 (film)|''2.0'']] (2018), the venture was reported to be produced by Lyca.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 October 2022 |title=Rajinikanth signs a two-movie deal with the makers of '2.0' and 'Darbar': Reports |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rajinikanth-signs-a-two-movie-deal-with-the-makers-of-2-0-and-darbar-reports/articleshow/94697928.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107074810/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rajinikanth-signs-a-two-movie-deal-with-the-makers-of-2-0-and-darbar-reports/articleshow/94697928.cms |archive-date=7 November 2022 |access-date=17 January 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> In January 2023, Chakravarthy reportedly confirmed the collaboration of him and Rajinikanth.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 January 2023 |title=Cibi Chakravarthy clears the rumour about him directing Rajinikanth |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/cibi-chakravarthy-clears-the-rumour-about-him-directing-rajinikanth/articleshow/96684172.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103161336/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/cibi-chakravarthy-clears-the-rumour-about-him-directing-rajinikanth/articleshow/96684172.cms |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=17 January 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> However, the project failed to materialise and was dropped.<ref name="auto">{{Cite news |date=15 January 2023 |title=Rajinikanth's film with TJ Gnanavel to turn true |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rajinikanths-film-with-tj-gnanavel-to-turn-true/articleshow/97006726.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130011812/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rajinikanths-film-with-tj-gnanavel-to-turn-true/articleshow/97006726.cms |archive-date=30 January 2023 |access-date=5 August 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

=== Pre-production ===
In January 2023, sources claimed that due to Suriya's commitments with Siva's ''[[Kanguva]]'' and Vetrimaran's ''Vaadivaasal'', Gnanavel began work on another script. He reportedly narrated it to Rajinikanth, who was impressed by the director and immediately gave his nod.<ref name="auto" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2023 |title=Rajinikanth to do a film with TJ Gnanavel? |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/Jan/16/rajinikanth-to-do-a-film-with-tj-gnanavel-38805.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203155813/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/jan/16/rajinikanth-to-do-a-film-with-tj-gnanavel-38805.html |archive-date=3 February 2023 |access-date=12 March 2024 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref> Lyca Productions announced the project on 2 March, tentatively titled ''Thalaivar 170.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sundar |first=Anusha |date=2 March 2023 |title=TJ Gnanavel to direct Rajinikanth in Thalaivar 170 |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/Mar/02/tj-gnanavel-to-direct-rajinikanth-in-thalaivar-170-40555.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326023209/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/mar/02/tj-gnanavel-to-direct-rajinikanth-in-thalaivar-170-40555.html |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=12 March 2024 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref> The project was planned to start after Rajinikanth wrapped up ''[[Jailer (2023 Tamil film)|Jailer]]'' (2023) and ''[[Lal Salaam (2024 film)|Lal Salaam]]'' (2024).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2023 |title=Rajinikanth's next project with Jai Bhim director announced, to release in 2024 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/rajinikanths-next-project-with-jai-bhim-director-announced-to-release-in-2024-101677740177551.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226070926/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/rajinikanths-next-project-with-jai-bhim-director-announced-to-release-in-2024-101677740177551.html |archive-date=26 February 2024 |access-date=12 March 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref> A [[Muhurat shot|muhurat]] puja was held on 4 October in [[Thiruvananthapuram]] in the presence of the cast and crew.<ref name="muhurat puja">{{Cite tweet |number=1709531328360952174 |user=LycaProductions |title=#Thalaivar170 🕴🏻 journey begins with an auspicious pooja ceremony 🪔🌸 today at Trivandrum 📍 |author=Lyca Productions |author-link=Lyca Productions |access-date=4 October 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250122082335/https://x.com/LycaProductions/status/1709531328360952174 |archive-date=22 January 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The film was made on a budget of {{INRConvert|160|c}}.<ref name="budget" /> [[Anirudh Ravichander]] would score the music, in his maiden collaboration with Gnanavel.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 March 2023 |title=Rajinikanth to team up with 'Jai Bhim' TJ Gnanavel for 'Thalaivar 170' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/rajinikanth-to-team-up-with-jai-bhim-tj-gnanavel-for-thalaivar-170/article66570959.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230805012153/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/rajinikanth-to-team-up-with-jai-bhim-tj-gnanavel-for-thalaivar-170/article66570959.ece |archive-date=5 August 2023 |access-date=5 August 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> On 4 October 2023, the technical crew including cinematographer [[S. R. Kathir]], editor [[Philomin Raj]] and stunt choreography duo [[Anbariv]] were announced to have been retained by Gnanavel, after they previously worked in ''Jai Bhim''.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1709536982999966163 |user=CinemaWithAB |title=#Thalaivar170 technical crew 🔥DOP – SR Kathir Editing – PhilominRaj Art Director – Kadhir Stunt – Anbariv Music – Anirudh Except Anirudh Director's previous movie #JaiBhim crew was retained for this too👌💥 |last=AmuthaBharathi |date=4 October 2023 |access-date=4 October 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240528044011/https://x.com/CinemaWithAB/status/1709536982999966163 |archive-date=28 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=4 October 2023 |title=Rajinikanth on 'Thalaivar 170': Will be starting shooting from October 4! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rajinikanth-on-thalaivar-170-will-be-starting-shooting-from-october-4/articleshow/104129548.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202231613/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rajinikanth-on-thalaivar-170-will-be-starting-shooting-from-october-4/articleshow/104129548.cms |archive-date=2 December 2023 |access-date=12 March 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Art director K. Kathir, make-up artist [[Pattanam Rasheed]] and costume designer [[Anu Vardhan]] were chosen as crew.<ref name="muhurat puja" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=4 August 2023 |title=Rajinikanth locks his look for 'Thalaivar 170'; to be styled by Aalim Hakim again |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rajinikanth-locks-his-look-for-thalaivar-170-to-be-styled-by-aalim-hakim-again/articleshow/102414499.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004182524/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rajinikanth-locks-his-look-for-thalaivar-170-to-be-styled-by-aalim-hakim-again/articleshow/102414499.cms |archive-date=4 October 2023 |access-date=2 October 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The official title ''Vettaiyan'' was announced on 12 December 2023, coinciding with Rajinikanth's 73rd birthday.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 December 2023 |title='Vettaiyan' is the title of Rajinikanth's 'Thalaivar 170' with TJ Gnanavel |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vettaiyan-is-the-title-of-rajinikanths-thalaivar-170-with-tj-gnanavel/article67630639.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231212130629/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vettaiyan-is-the-title-of-rajinikanths-thalaivar-170-with-tj-gnanavel/article67630639.ece |archive-date=12 December 2023 |access-date=12 December 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2023 |title=Vettaiyan: Lyca Productions reveal real title of Thalaivar 170 with a teaser on Rajinikanth's birthday |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/vettaiyan-lyca-productions-reveal-real-title-of-thalaivar-170-with-a-teaser-on-rajinikanths-birthday-101702436843429.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302155126/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/vettaiyan-lyca-productions-reveal-real-title-of-thalaivar-170-with-a-teaser-on-rajinikanths-birthday-101702436843429.html |archive-date=2 March 2024 |access-date=12 March 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref>

=== Casting ===
Rajinikanth plays a police officer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2024 |title=Rajinikanth spotted in police uniform on sets of Vettaiyan. Watch |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/rajinikanth-spotted-in-police-uniform-on-sets-of-vettaiyan-watch-9185955/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301112116/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/rajinikanth-spotted-in-police-uniform-on-sets-of-vettaiyan-watch-9185955/ |archive-date=1 March 2024 |access-date=13 March 2024 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 2023 |title=Rajinikanth's Thalaivar 170 is titled Vettaiyan. Details inside |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/rajinikanths-thalaivar-170-is-titled-vettaiyan-details-inside-63126.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217201133/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/rajinikanths-thalaivar-170-is-titled-vettaiyan-details-inside-63126.html |archive-date=17 December 2023 |access-date=13 March 2024 |website=[[Filmfare]] |language=en}}</ref> In October 2023, Bollywood actor [[Amitabh Bachchan]] joined the cast,<ref name="auto1">{{Cite news |date=30 October 2023 |title=Amitabh Bachchan's role in 'Thalaivar 170' revealed; deets inside |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/amitabh-bachchans-role-in-thalaivar-170-revealed-deets-inside/articleshow/104816105.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231031114747/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/amitabh-bachchans-role-in-thalaivar-170-revealed-deets-inside/articleshow/104816105.cms |archive-date=31 October 2023 |access-date=18 November 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> making his debut in [[Tamil cinema]], as well as in his reunion with Rajinikanth after ''[[Hum (film)|Hum]]'' (1991).<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 October 2023 |title=Amitabh Bachchan joins Rajinikanth's Thalaivar 170, will work with him after 32 years |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/amitabh-bachchan-joins-rajinikanths-thalaivar-170-will-work-with-him-after-32-years-101696334239317.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102034625/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/amitabh-bachchan-joins-rajinikanths-thalaivar-170-will-work-with-him-after-32-years-101696334239317.html |archive-date=2 November 2023 |access-date=13 March 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chowdhury |first=Madhumanti Pait |date=3 October 2023 |title=Amitabh Bachchan And Rajinikanth To Share Screen Space After 32 Years |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/amitabh-bachchan-and-rajinikanth-to-share-screen-space-after-32-years-4446886 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124033214/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/amitabh-bachchan-and-rajinikanth-to-share-screen-space-after-32-years-4446886 |archive-date=24 November 2023 |access-date=13 March 2024 |website=[[NDTV]]}}</ref> Bachchan was initially set to make his Tamil debut with ''Uyarndha Manidhan'', which got shelved.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 October 2023 |title=Amitabh Bachchan and Rajinikanth reunite for 'Thalaivar 170' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/amitabh-bachchan-and-rajinikanth-reunite-for-thalaivar-170/article67375843.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003123941/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/amitabh-bachchan-and-rajinikanth-reunite-for-thalaivar-170/article67375843.ece |archive-date=3 October 2023 |access-date=3 October 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> [[Fahadh Faasil]] was signed for a comic role in his fifth Tamil film<ref name="Fahadh">{{Cite web |date=3 October 2023 |title=Fahadh Faasil joins Rajinikanth in director TJ Gnanavel 'Thalaivar 170' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/fahaadh-faasil-joins-rajinikanth-in-thalaivar-170-lyca-productions-2443762-2023-10-03 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003101233/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/fahaadh-faasil-joins-rajinikanth-in-thalaivar-170-lyca-productions-2443762-2023-10-03 |archive-date=3 October 2023 |access-date=3 October 2023 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 October 2023 |title=Fahadh Faasil joins the cast of Rajinikanth's Thalaivar 170 |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/Oct/03/fahadh-faasil-joins-the-cast-of-rajinikanths-thalaivar-170-48240.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313125702/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/Oct/03/fahadh-faasil-joins-the-cast-of-rajinikanths-thalaivar-170-48240.html |archive-date=13 March 2024 |access-date=13 March 2024 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Manju Warrier]], [[Ritika Singh]] and [[Dushara Vijayan]] play the female leads,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Darshan |first=Navein |date=2 October 2023 |title=Manju Warrier joins Thalaivar 170 |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/Oct/02/manju-warrier-joins-thalaivar-170-48213.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313125706/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/Oct/02/manju-warrier-joins-thalaivar-170-48213.html |archive-date=13 March 2024 |access-date=13 March 2024 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajaraman |first=Kaushik |date=25 August 2023 |title=Manju Warrier on board Thalaivar 170 shooting to start in Sept 3rd week in Chennai |url=https://www.dtnext.in/news/cinema/manju-warrier-on-board-thalaivar-170-shooting-to-start-in-sept-3rd-week-in-chennai-732011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230910051809/https://www.dtnext.in/news/cinema/manju-warrier-on-board-thalaivar-170-shooting-to-start-in-sept-3rd-week-in-chennai-732011 |archive-date=10 September 2023 |access-date=10 September 2023 |website=[[DT Next]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 March 2024 |title=Having The Time of My Life Working With Rajinikanth: Ritika Singh |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/having-the-time-of-my-life-working-with-rajinikanth-ritika-singh-article-108466804 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313125456/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/having-the-time-of-my-life-working-with-rajinikanth-ritika-singh-article-108466804 |archive-date=13 March 2024 |access-date=13 March 2024 |website=[[Times Now]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 October 2023 |title=Manju Warrier, Ritika Singh, Dushara Vijayan join Rajinikanth's Thalaivar 170 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/ritika-singh-dushara-vijayan-join-rajinikanths-thalaivar-170-8965197/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106165459/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/ritika-singh-dushara-vijayan-join-rajinikanths-thalaivar-170-8965197/ |archive-date=6 January 2024 |access-date=13 March 2024 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> and [[Rana Daggubati]] was chosen for a prominent role in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 October 2023 |title=It's official! Rana Daggubati joins Rajinikanth in 'Thalaivar 170' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/its-official-rana-daggubati-joins-rajinikanth-in-thailaivar-170-2443646-2023-10-03 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009103152/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/its-official-rana-daggubati-joins-rajinikanth-in-thailaivar-170-2443646-2023-10-03 |archive-date=9 October 2023 |access-date=13 March 2024 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> The actresses were announced on 2 October 2023, while Daggubati was announced the day after, by the production house.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 October 2023 |title='Thalaivar 170': Manju Warrier, Ritika Singh, Dushara Vijayan join Rajinikanth's next with TJ Gnanavel |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/thalaivar-170-manju-warrier-ritika-singh-dushara-vijayan-join-rajinikanths-next-with-tj-gnanavel/article67372317.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002163354/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/thalaivar-170-manju-warrier-ritika-singh-dushara-vijayan-join-rajinikanths-next-with-tj-gnanavel/article67372317.ece |archive-date=2 October 2023 |access-date=2 October 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref name="Fahadh" /> [[Rakshan]] and [[G. M. Sundar]]'s presence at the muhurat puja confirmed their inclusion.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 October 2023 |title=Rajinikanth's 'Thalaivar 170' begins with an auspicious pooja ceremony |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rajinikanths-thalaivar-170-begins-with-an-auspicious-pooja-ceremony/articleshow/104161831.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004121156/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rajinikanths-thalaivar-170-begins-with-an-auspicious-pooja-ceremony/articleshow/104161831.cms |archive-date=4 October 2023 |access-date=4 October 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]], [[Rao Ramesh]], and [[Ramesh Thilak]] were later confirmed to be a part of the cast.<ref name="trailer" />

=== Filming ===
{{Multiple images
| image1 = Napier Museum Thiruvananthapuran DSW New.jpg
| footer = Filming took place in [[Thiruvananthapuram]]
| total_width = 250
}}
[[Principal photography]] was scheduled to begin on the third week of September 2023 in Chennai,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajaraman |first=Kaushik |date=25 August 2023 |title=Manju Warrier on board Thalaivar 170 shooting to start in Sept 3rd week in Chennai |url=https://www.dtnext.in/news/cinema/manju-warrier-on-board-thalaivar-170-shooting-to-start-in-sept-3rd-week-in-chennai-732011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230910051809/https://www.dtnext.in/news/cinema/manju-warrier-on-board-thalaivar-170-shooting-to-start-in-sept-3rd-week-in-chennai-732011 |archive-date=10 September 2023 |access-date=10 September 2023 |website=[[DT Next]]}}</ref> but ultimately began on 4 October in Thiruvananthapuram, [[Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nair |first=Aishwarya |date=4 October 2023 |title=Thalaivar 170: Where can you meet Rajinikanth in Thiruvananthapuram doing shooting? Read this |url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/entertainment/thalaivar-170-where-can-you-meet-rajinikanth-in-thiruvananthapuram-doing-shooting-read-this-anr-s1zx5f |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004103621/https://newsable.asianetnews.com/entertainment/thalaivar-170-where-can-you-meet-rajinikanth-in-thiruvananthapuram-doing-shooting-read-this-anr-s1zx5f |archive-date=4 October 2023 |access-date=4 October 2023 |website=[[Asianet News]]}}</ref> Production moved to [[Tirunelveli]] on 11 October.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2023 |title=Rajinikanth in Tirunelveli for Thalaivar 170: Superstar stops the car to greet his fans |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/rajinikanth-in-tirunelveli-for-thalaivar-170-superstar-stops-the-car-to-greet-his-fans-8976332/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010233854/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/rajinikanth-in-tirunelveli-for-thalaivar-170-superstar-stops-the-car-to-greet-his-fans-8976332/ |archive-date=10 October 2023 |access-date=10 October 2023 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> In late October, the second schedule began filming in [[Mumbai]], with Rajinikanth and Bachchan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2023 |title=Thalaivar 170: Rajinikanth and Amitabh Bachchan wrap up Mumbai schedule with new BTS pic from set |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/thalaivar-170-rajinikanth-amitabh-bachchan-wrap-up-mumbai-schedule-new-bts-pic-101698573662030.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029103624/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/thalaivar-170-rajinikanth-amitabh-bachchan-wrap-up-mumbai-schedule-new-bts-pic-101698573662030.html |archive-date=29 October 2023 |access-date=29 October 2023 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> The schedule concluded by 30 October.<ref name="auto1" /> On 20 November, the filming began at [[Prasad Labs]], Chennai.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 November 2023 |title=Rajinikanth's 'Thalaivar 170' shooting resumes today |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rajinikanths-thalaivar-170-shooting-resumes-today/articleshow/105356779.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118134426/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rajinikanths-thalaivar-170-shooting-resumes-today/articleshow/105356779.cms |archive-date=18 January 2024 |access-date=18 January 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> During this schedule, as ''[[Indian 2]]'' was filming in the same studio, Rajinikanth and [[Kamal Haasan]] met at the studio and posted videos and pictures to social media, which went viral.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 November 2023 |title=After 21 years, Rajinikanth and Kamal Haasan shoot side by side! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/after-21-years-rajinikanth-and-kamal-haasan-shoot-side-by-side/articleshow/105443948.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205001241/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/after-21-years-rajinikanth-and-kamal-haasan-shoot-side-by-side/articleshow/105443948.cms |archive-date=5 December 2023 |access-date=18 January 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> In early December, Singh, through her social media, stated that she would take a break from filming as she injured herself during the filming of her portions.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 December 2023 |title=Ritika Singh meets with a major injury while shooting for Rajinikanth starrer 'Thalaivar 170' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/ritika-singh-meets-with-a-major-injury-while-shooting-for-rajinikanth-starrer-thalaivar-170/articleshow/105746684.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118134345/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/ritika-singh-meets-with-a-major-injury-while-shooting-for-rajinikanth-starrer-thalaivar-170/articleshow/105746684.cms |archive-date=18 January 2024 |access-date=18 January 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

A leaked picture of Rajinikanth and Fahadh, taken by paparazzi, was posted to X (formerly [[Twitter]]),<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2023 |title=Leaked pic: Rajinikanth and Fahadh Faasil shoot for TJ Gnanavel's 'Vettaiyan' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/leaked-pic-rajinikanth-and-fahadh-faasil-shoot-for-tj-gnanavels-vettaiyan-2481335-2023-12-28 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230172522/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/leaked-pic-rajinikanth-and-fahadh-faasil-shoot-for-tj-gnanavels-vettaiyan-2481335-2023-12-28 |archive-date=30 December 2023 |access-date=13 March 2024 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> where the film's social media security partner removed the picture from the social media and warned the users not to post or else they would lose their account.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 January 2024 |title=Another leaked video of Rajinikanth and Fahadh Faasil from 'Vettaiyan' set goes viral! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/another-leaked-video-of-rajinikanth-and-fahadh-faasil-from-vettaiyan-set-goes-viral/articleshow/106438816.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118134335/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/another-leaked-video-of-rajinikanth-and-fahadh-faasil-from-vettaiyan-set-goes-viral/articleshow/106438816.cms |archive-date=18 January 2024 |access-date=18 January 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2023 |title=Rajinikanth and Fahadh Faasil's leaked pic from the sets of Vettaiyan goes viral |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/rajinikanth-and-fahadh-faasils-leaked-pic-from-the-sets-of-vettaiyan-goes-viral-63477.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231229014946/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/rajinikanth-and-fahadh-faasils-leaked-pic-from-the-sets-of-vettaiyan-goes-viral-63477.html |archive-date=29 December 2023 |access-date=13 March 2024 |website=[[Filmfare]] |language=en}}</ref> After a short break for [[Pongal (festival)|Pongal]], filming resumed in [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 January 2024 |title=Rajinikanth's enduring charisma: Latest 'Vettaiyan' set picture goes viral |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rajinikanths-enduring-charisma-latest-vettaiyan-set-picture-goes-viral/articleshow/106807195.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240122221533/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rajinikanths-enduring-charisma-latest-vettaiyan-set-picture-goes-viral/articleshow/106807195.cms |archive-date=22 January 2024 |access-date=22 January 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> That schedule concluded by mid-January 2024. The final schedule began on 28 January in [[Kadapa]], [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 January 2024 |title=Rajinikanth's 'Vettaiyan' shoot resumes in Kadapa |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rajinikanths-vettaiyan-shoot-resumes-in-kadapa-latest-news/articleshow/107221621.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241004013830/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rajinikanths-vettaiyan-shoot-resumes-in-kadapa-latest-news/articleshow/107221621.cms |archive-date=4 October 2024 |access-date=26 September 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Rajinikanth, on 10 February, stated that 80% filming was done.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 February 2024 |title=Rajinikanth says 'Lal Salaam' has gotten positive response; shares update on 'Vettaiyan' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/rajinikanth-says-lal-salaam-has-gotten-positive-response-shares-update-on-vettaiyan/article67832228.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240210132341/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/rajinikanth-says-lal-salaam-has-gotten-positive-response-shares-update-on-vettaiyan/article67832228.ece |archive-date=10 February 2024 |access-date=10 February 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en |agency=[[Asian News International|ANI]]}}</ref> In early March, production moved to [[Hyderabad]], and Daggubati began filming his portions on 4 March.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 March 2024 |title=Rana Daggubati Joins The Unit Of Rajinikanth's Vettaiyan |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/rana-daggubati-joins-the-unit-of-rajinikanths-vettaiyan-article-108242778 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313125619/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/rana-daggubati-joins-the-unit-of-rajinikanths-vettaiyan-article-108242778 |archive-date=13 March 2024 |access-date=13 March 2024 |website=[[Times Now]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=4 March 2024 |title=Rana Daggubati joins the sets of 'Vettaiyan' and shares a photo from his day 1 shooting |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rana-daggubati-joins-the-sets-of-vettaiyan-and-shares-a-photo-from-his-day-1-shooting/articleshow/108203338.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309021907/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rana-daggubati-joins-the-sets-of-vettaiyan-and-shares-a-photo-from-his-day-1-shooting/articleshow/108203338.cms |archive-date=9 March 2024 |access-date=13 March 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Filming of Rajinikanth's portions ended on 13 May 2024,<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 May 2024 |title=Rajinikanth wraps up shooting for 'Vettaiyan' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/rajinikanth-wraps-up-shooting-for-vettaiyan/article68173802.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240514091111/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/rajinikanth-wraps-up-shooting-for-vettaiyan/article68173802.ece |archive-date=14 May 2024 |access-date=14 May 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en |agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]}}</ref> while overall filming ended in late August.<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 August 2024 |title=Rajinikanth's 'Vettaiyan' shoot finally wrapped up after 148 days; more deets inside |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rajinikanths-vettaiyan-shoot-finally-wrapped-up-after-148-days-more-deets-inside/articleshow/112890726.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240830130907/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rajinikanths-vettaiyan-shoot-finally-wrapped-up-after-148-days-more-deets-inside/articleshow/112890726.cms |archive-date=30 August 2024 |access-date=8 September 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Music ==
{{Main|Vettaiyan (soundtrack)}}

The music and background score was composed by Anirudh Ravichander, in his fourth collaboration with Rajinikanth after ''[[Petta (film)|Petta]]'' (2019), ''[[Darbar (film)|Darbar]]'' (2020) and [[Jailer (2023 Tamil film)|''Jailer'']] (2023); maiden with Gnanavel.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 March 2023 |title=Rajinikanth to team up with 'Jai Bhim' TJ Gnanavel for 'Thalaivar 170' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/rajinikanth-to-team-up-with-jai-bhim-tj-gnanavel-for-thalaivar-170/article66570959.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230805012153/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/rajinikanth-to-team-up-with-jai-bhim-tj-gnanavel-for-thalaivar-170/article66570959.ece |archive-date=5 August 2023 |access-date=5 August 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The audio rights were acquired by [[Sony Music India]].<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1734545096480317576 |user=LycaProductions |title=The wait is over! ⌛ Presenting the title of #Thalaivar170 🕴🏻 – VETTAIYAN 🕶️ |author=Lyca Productions |author-link=Lyca Productions |date=13 December 2023 |access-date=13 December 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240528044240/https://x.com/LycaProductions/status/1734545096480317576 |archive-date=28 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> "Vettaiyan Birthday Teaser Music" was the song that was used on the title teaser that released on the occasion of Rajinikanth's birthday (12 December 2023).<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zDT6PejlKd0 |title=Vettaiyan {{!}} Rajinikanth {{!}} T.J. Gnanavel {{!}} Anirudh {{!}} Subaskaran {{!}} Lyca Productions |date=12 December 2023 |publisher=[[Lyca Productions|Lyca Music]] |access-date=28 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128130511/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zDT6PejlKd0 |archive-date=28 January 2024 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> The first single "Manasilaayo" was released on 9 September 2024. It featured late singer [[Malaysia Vasudevan]]'s vocals [[music and artificial intelligence|generated via artificial intelligence]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nyayapati |first=Neeshita |date=9 September 2024 |title=Manasilaayo: Rajinikanth, Manju Warrier groove to a dance number from Vettaiyan. Watch |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/manasilaayo-rajinikanth-manju-warrier-groove-to-a-dance-number-from-vettaiyan-watch-101725878670743.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909120546/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/manasilaayo-rajinikanth-manju-warrier-groove-to-a-dance-number-from-vettaiyan-watch-101725878670743.html |archive-date=9 September 2024 |access-date=9 September 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> The second single titled "Hunter Vantaar" was released on 20 September 2024.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Rao |first=Anisha |date=20 September 2024 |title=Hunter Vantaar: Vettaiyan's 2nd single is all about Rajinikanth's star power |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vettaiyan-hunter-vantaar-second-song-rajinikanth-anirudh-ravichander-2603289-2024-09-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240923061718/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vettaiyan-hunter-vantaar-second-song-rajinikanth-anirudh-ravichander-2603289-2024-09-20 |archive-date=23 September 2024 |access-date=20 September 2024 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> The audio launch was held later the same day at [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Chennai)|Nehru Stadium]], Chennai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 September 2024 |title=Watch: Rajinikanth arrives at Vettaiyan event to roaring cheers from fans |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/rajinikanth-arrives-at-vettaiyan-prevue-launch-to-roaring-cheers-from-fans-watch-video-2603660-2024-09-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240923061828/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/rajinikanth-arrives-at-vettaiyan-prevue-launch-to-roaring-cheers-from-fans-watch-video-2603660-2024-09-20 |archive-date=23 September 2024 |access-date=20 September 2024 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> The third single "Uchathila" was released on 11 October 2024, after the film's release.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 October 2024 |title=Uchathila (from ''Vettaiyan'') – Single |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/uchathila-from-vettaiyan-single/1773339742 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241013145630/https://music.apple.com/us/album/uchathila-from-vettaiyan-single/1773339742 |archive-date=13 October 2024 |access-date=13 October 2024 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref> The full album containing 9 tracks was released on 14 October 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vettaiyan (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://open.spotify.com/album/6Xw7XAQQwpsy9KfUnJTrHz?si=dYb8y8oYQ3alicOI3kJAAw |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20250122080119/https://open.spotify.com/album/6Xw7XAQQwpsy9KfUnJTrHz?si=dYb8y8oYQ3alicOI3kJAAw&nd=1&dlsi=6efeb094f2ec40cd |archive-date=22 January 2025 |access-date=14 October 2024 |website=[[Spotify]]}}</ref>

== Marketing ==
The official prevue for ''Vettaiyan'' was released on 20 September.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 September 2024 |title=Vettaiyan prevue: Rajinikanth, Big B lead Gnanavel's film on encounter killings |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vettaiyan-prevue-rajinikanth-supercop-amitabh-bachchan-tj-gnanavel-2603635-2024-09-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921030839/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vettaiyan-prevue-rajinikanth-supercop-amitabh-bachchan-tj-gnanavel-2603635-2024-09-20 |archive-date=21 September 2024 |access-date=26 September 2024 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> It received mixed response from viewers, with some finding [[Prakash Raj]] voicing Bachchan jarring. Subsequently, the makers decided to replace Raj's voice with Bachchan's own for the final cut and all other language releases, enhanced via artificial intelligence.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 September 2024 |title=Amitabh Bachchan's voice in Vettaiyan to be enhanced using AI |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/south/amitabh-bachchans-voice-in-vettaiyan-to-be-enhanced-using-ai-68636.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240926014200/https://www.filmfare.com/news/south/amitabh-bachchans-voice-in-vettaiyan-to-be-enhanced-using-ai-68636.html |archive-date=26 September 2024 |access-date=26 September 2024 |website=[[Filmfare]] |language=en}}</ref> The official trailer of the film was released on 2 October 2024, coinciding with [[Gandhi Jayanti]].<ref name="trailer">{{Cite web |date=2 October 2024 |title='Vettaiyan' trailer: Rajinikanth and Amitabh Bachchan are two sides of the same coin in TJ Gnanavel's film |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vettaiyan-trailer-rajinikanth-and-amitabh-bachchan-are-two-sides-of-the-same-coin-in-tj-gnanavel-film/article68709559.ece/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241002130539/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vettaiyan-trailer-rajinikanth-and-amitabh-bachchan-are-two-sides-of-the-same-coin-in-tj-gnanavel-film/article68709559.ece/amp/ |archive-date=2 October 2024 |access-date=2 October 2024 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Release ==

=== Theatrical ===
''Vettaiyan'' was theatrically released on 10 October 2024, coinciding with [[Vijayadashami]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=K |first=Janani |date=19 August 2024 |title=Official: Rajinikanth's 'Vettaiyan' will clash with Suriya's 'Kanguva' on October 10 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/rajinikanth-vettaiyan-suriya-kanguva-october-10-2584447-2024-08-19 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240819051520/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/rajinikanth-vettaiyan-suriya-kanguva-october-10-2584447-2024-08-19 |archive-date=19 August 2024 |access-date=19 August 2024 |work=[[India Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=10 October 2024 |title=Rana Daggubati opens about the 'Vettaiyan' title in Telugu! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rana-daggubati-opens-about-the-vettaiyan-title-in-telugu/articleshow/114112629.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130191729/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rana-daggubati-opens-about-the-vettaiyan-title-in-telugu/articleshow/114112629.cms |archive-date=30 November 2024 |access-date=2 November 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, the film was released on the same day; however, in a version which was classified 15 by the [[British Board of Film Classification]] (BBFC) for strong violence, bloody images and sexual violence, following 2 minutes of cuts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vettaiyan |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/vettaiyan-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdi0oda3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241102080102/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/vettaiyan-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdi0oda3 |archive-date=2 November 2024 |access-date=10 October 2024 |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |language=en}}</ref>

''Vettaiyan'' was the first Tamil film to be released with [[Closed captioning|closed captions]] and [[audio description]]s,<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2024 |title=Vettaiyan becomes first Tamil movie to release with accessibility features |url=https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/cinema/vettaiyan-becomes-first-tamil-movie-to-release-with-accessibility-features-807022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241102075523/https://www.dtnext.in/amp/entertainment/cinema/vettaiyan-becomes-first-tamil-movie-to-release-with-accessibility-features-807022 |archive-date=2 November 2024 |access-date=10 October 2024 |website=[[DT Next]] |language=en}}</ref> although they were previously used in preview shows for [[Love Today (2022 film)|''Love Today'']] (2022) and ''[[The Greatest of All Time]]'' (2024).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Balaji |first=Abishek |date=8 October 2024 |title=Rajinikanth's Vettaiyan becomes first Tamil film to release with disability-friendly features |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Oct/08/rajinikanths-vettaiyan-to-release-with-audio-description-and-closed-captions |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008193814/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Oct/08/rajinikanths-vettaiyan-to-release-with-audio-description-and-closed-captions |archive-date=8 October 2024 |access-date=10 October 2024 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

=== Distribution ===
[[Red Giant Movies]] acquired the distribution rights of the film in [[Tamil Nadu]]. Lyca Productions distributed the film themselves overseas.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2024 |title=Fahadh Faasil to play a funny character in Rajinikanth's 'Vettaiyan' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/fahadh-faasil-to-play-a-funny-character-in-rajinikanths-vettaiyan-2525908-2024-04-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424150508/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/fahadh-faasil-to-play-a-funny-character-in-rajinikanths-vettaiyan-2525908-2024-04-11 |archive-date=24 April 2024 |access-date=24 April 2024 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> Sree Gokulam Movies acquired the distribution rights for [[Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 September 2024 |title=Sree Gokulam Movies: ഈ രജനികാന്ത് ചിത്രവും കേരളത്തിലെത്തിക്കുന്നത് ശ്രീ ഗോകുലം മൂവീസ്! |url=https://zeenews.india.com/malayalam/movies/sree-gokulam-movies-bagged-the-rights-of-vettaiyan-kerala-distribution-207679 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241004013949/https://zeenews.india.com/malayalam/movies/sree-gokulam-movies-bagged-the-rights-of-vettaiyan-kerala-distribution-207679 |archive-date=4 October 2024 |access-date=4 October 2024 |website=[[Zee News]] |language=ml}}</ref> [[Harman Baweja]] acquired the [[Hindi]] distribution rights under the banner [[Baweja Studios]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2024 |title=Actor Harman Baweja acquires Hindi distribution rights of Vettaiyan |url=https://nationnow.org/2024/10/10/actor-harman-baweja-acquires-hindi-distribution-rights-of-vettaiyan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241209020902/https://nationnow.org/2024/10/10/actor-harman-baweja-acquires-hindi-distribution-rights-of-vettaiyan/ |archive-date=9 December 2024 |access-date=11 October 2024 |website=Nation Now}}</ref> [[Dil Raju]] acquired the [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]] distribution rights.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2024 |title=Rana Daggubati breaks silence on Vettaiyan Telugu title row, mentions Devara |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/rana-daggubati-breaks-silence-on-rajinikanth-vettaiyan-telugu-title-row-mentions-devara-2614520-2024-10-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241010063104/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/rana-daggubati-breaks-silence-on-rajinikanth-vettaiyan-telugu-title-row-mentions-devara-2614520-2024-10-10 |archive-date=10 October 2024 |access-date=10 October 2024 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2024 |title=Rajinikanth's Vettaiyan sparks controversy over Tamil title in Telugu release |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/row-over-tamil-titles-for-dubbed-tamil-movies/article68741378.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241209021238/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/row-over-tamil-titles-for-dubbed-tamil-movies/article68741378.ece |archive-date=9 December 2024 |access-date=11 October 2024 |website=[[Business Line]]}}</ref>

=== Home media ===
The post-theatrical streaming rights were acquired by [[Amazon Prime Video]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 October 2024 |title='Vettaiyan' OTT: Here's where you can watch the Rajinikanth starrer! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vettaiyan-ott-heres-where-you-can-watch-the-rajinikanth-starrer/articleshow/114139558.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241109025506/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vettaiyan-ott-heres-where-you-can-watch-the-rajinikanth-starrer/amp_articleshow/114139558.cms |archive-date=9 November 2024 |access-date=11 October 2024 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The film began streaming there from 8 November 2024 in the original Tamil version and dubbed versions in [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Hindi]], [[Malayalam]] and [[Kannada]] languages.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mullappilly |first=Sreejith |date=31 October 2024 |title=Vettaiyan gets a streaming release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Oct/31/vettaiyan-gets-a-streaming-release-date |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250122083200/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Oct/31/vettaiyan-gets-a-streaming-release-date |archive-date=22 January 2025 |access-date=31 October 2024 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==

=== Critical response ===
''Vettaiyan'' received mixed reviews from critics, who praised Rajinikanth, Amitabh Bachchan, Fahadh Faasil and Rana Daggubati’s performance and technical aspects, while the storyline and pacing received criticism.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2024 |title=Vettaiyan box office Day 1 prediction: Superb opening, but can it beat Jailer? |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vettaiyan-box-office-collection-day-1-prediction-detailed-report-superb-opening-but-can-it-beat-rajinikanth-jailer-2614644-2024-10-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122060804/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vettaiyan-box-office-collection-day-1-prediction-detailed-report-superb-opening-but-can-it-beat-rajinikanth-jailer-2614644-2024-10-10 |archive-date=22 January 2025 |access-date=10 October 2024 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=10 October 2024 |title=Vettaiyan review: Rajinikanth's polarizing crime thriller leaves fans divided. 'Thrilling first half, sluggish second half' |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/vettaiyan-review-rajinikanths-polarizing-crime-thriller-leaves-fans-divided-thrilling-first-half-sluggish-second-half/articleshow/114110011.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211233223/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/vettaiyan-review-rajinikanths-polarizing-crime-thriller-leaves-fans-divided-thrilling-first-half-sluggish-second-half/articleshow/114110011.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=11 December 2024 |access-date=10 October 2024 |work=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref>

Goutham S of ''[[Pinkvilla]]'' gave 3.5/5 stars and wrote "''Vettaiyan'' is an investigative action-drama that is told in a Rajinikanth-style narration. With strong convictions and a narrative to the storyline, the film offers a new dimension to telling good stories."<ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Goutham |date=10 October 2024 |title=Vettaiyan Movie Review: Rajinikanth balances between emotion and action in this investigative drama |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/vettaiyan-movie-review-rajinikanth-balances-between-emotion-and-action-in-this-investigative-drama-making-the-entire-show-his-own-1352940 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241010073757/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/vettaiyan-movie-review-rajinikanth-balances-between-emotion-and-action-in-this-investigative-drama-making-the-entire-show-his-own-1352940 |archive-date=10 October 2024 |access-date=10 October 2024 |website=[[Pinkvilla]]}}</ref> Sridevi S of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote "The movie is a predictable investigative thriller-social drama that packs several ‘Rajini moments’ for fans to cherish".<ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Sridevi |date=10 October 2024 |title=Vettaiyan Movie Review : Rajini preaches Gnanavel's school of thought, in style |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/vettaiyan/movie-review/114107368.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119181031/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/vettaiyan/movie-review/114107368.cms |archive-date=19 January 2025 |access-date=10 October 2024 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Avinash Ramachandran of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave 2.5 stars and wrote "Confining Rajinikanth to a box isn’t easy as the world is still grappling with the dichotomy of being torn between wanting to see Rajinikanth in a new avatar, and wanting to see him exude style and charisma like old times. What do we really want? Well, the hunt for the answer is on."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Avinash |date=10 October 2024 |title=Vettaiyan movie review: TJ Gnanavel's take on encounter killings is burdened by predictability and the weight of Rajinikanth's superstardom |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/vettaiyan-movie-review-rajinikanth-film-on-encounter-killings-is-burdened-by-predictability-9612846/lite/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241010045359/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/vettaiyan-movie-review-rajinikanth-film-on-encounter-killings-is-burdened-by-predictability-9612846/lite/ |archive-date=10 October 2024 |access-date=10 October 2024 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

[[Saibal Chatterjee]] of ''[[NDTV]]'' gave 2.5/5 stars and wrote "''Vettaiyan'' is a Rajinikanth film all the way but it is by no means only for fans of the Thalaivar. It talks about issues that matter and it has Fahadh Faasil in sparkling form.".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chatterjee |first=Saibal |author-link=Saibal Chatterjee |date=10 October 2024 |title=Vettaiyan: The Hunter Review: Rajinikanth Dishes Out Devastation And Death With Aplomb |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/vettaiyan-the-hunter-review-rajinikanth-dishes-out-devastation-and-death-with-aplomb-2-5-stars-6759743 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20250122060131/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/vettaiyan-the-hunter-review-rajinikanth-dishes-out-devastation-and-death-with-aplomb-2-5-stars-6759743 |archive-date=22 January 2025 |access-date=10 October 2024 |website=[[NDTV]] |language=en}}</ref> Kirubhakar Purushothaman of ''[[News18]]'' gave 2.5/5 stars and wrote "TJ Gnanavel’s simple and predictable film leaves us wondering why it needed such supergiants in the first place."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Purushothaman |first=Kirubhakar |date=10 October 2024 |title=Vettaiyan Movie Review: Rajinikanth Is Superb But Out of Place in TJ Gnanavel's Noble Attempt |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/vettaiyan-movie-review-rajinikanth-is-superb-but-out-of-place-in-tj-gnanavels-noble-attempt-9081463.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20250122060159/https://www.news18.com/amp/movies/vettaiyan-movie-review-rajinikanth-is-superb-but-out-of-place-in-tj-gnanavels-noble-attempt-9081463.html |archive-date=22 January 2025 |access-date=10 October 2024 |website=[[News18]] |language=en}}</ref> Janani K of ''[[India Today]]'' gave 2.5/5 stars and wrote "''Vettaiyan'' is a film that will leave you unfulfilled. Courtesy: Uninteresting screenplay. It also makes you think what if the film featured an actor who doesn't come with the superstardom that Thalaivar Rajinikanth possesses?"<ref>{{Cite web |last=K |first=Janani |date=10 October 2024 |title=Vettaiyan review: Rajinikanth gets a rooted script in TJ Gnanavel's middling drama |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/vettaiyan-movie-review-rajinikanth-gets-rooted-script-tj-gnanavel-middling-drama-amitabh-bachchan-rana-daggubati-fahadh-faasil-2614602-2024-10-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241013192501/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/vettaiyan-movie-review-rajinikanth-gets-rooted-script-tj-gnanavel-middling-drama-amitabh-bachchan-rana-daggubati-fahadh-faasil-2614602-2024-10-10 |archive-date=13 October 2024 |access-date=10 October 2024 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref>

Bhuvanesh Chandar of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote "''Vettaiyan'' is a brave attempt to do something the moral compasses of Tamil cinema have long been wishing for, and it’s arguably one of the best Rajinikanth films since [[Kaala (2018 film)|''Kaala'']]."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chandar |first=Bhuvanesh |date=10 October 2024 |title='Vettaiyan' movie review: A gutsy Rajinikanth powers TJ Gnanavel's flawed film on unlawful encounter killings |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vettaiyan-movie-review-a-gutsy-rajinikanth-powers-tj-gnanavels-flawed-film-on-unlawful-encounter-killings/article68740554.ece/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122062455/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vettaiyan-movie-review-a-gutsy-rajinikanth-powers-tj-gnanavels-flawed-film-on-unlawful-encounter-killings/article68740554.ece/amp/ |archive-date=22 January 2025 |access-date=10 October 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> Latha Srinivasan of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' wrote "''Vettaiyan'' is a mixed bag and doesn’t do justice to either Superstar Rajinikanth and his legacy or to director TJ Gnanvel who gave us the powerful ''Jai Bhim''."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Latha |date=10 October 2024 |title=Vettaiyan movie review: TJ Gnanavel's lackluster follow-up to Jai Bhim squanders Rajinikanth's star power |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/vettaiyan-movie-review-tj-gnanavels-follow-up-to-jai-bhim-squanders-rajinikanths-star-power-amitabh-bachchan-101728545738367-amp.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122061619/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/vettaiyan-movie-review-tj-gnanavels-follow-up-to-jai-bhim-squanders-rajinikanths-star-power-amitabh-bachchan-101728545738367-amp.html |archive-date=22 January 2025 |access-date=10 October 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> Internationally, Simon Abrams of ''[[RogerEbert.com]]'' gave 2.5/4 stars and wrote "''Vettaiyan'' may sometimes feel like the worst kind of throwback, but it still manages to coast on its star and his collaborators' unshakable faith in crowd-pleasing movie logic. The filmmakers don't miss a formulaic story beat nor do they skimp on what they think their audience will want from Rajinikanth."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Abrams |first=Simon |date=11 October 2024 |title=Vettaiyan |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/vettaiyan-tamil-film-review |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250109015758/https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/vettaiyan-tamil-film-review |archive-date=9 January 2025 |access-date=24 November 2024 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]] |language=en}}</ref>

=== Box office ===
''Vettaiyan'' made an opening collection of nearly $3.5 million (₹29.8 crore) in India (including all languages). Globally, the film earned nearly $8 million (₹68.1 crore) on the first day. By the end of its fourth day it grossed $14.6 million (₹124.4 crore) in India. In North America, the film crossed $2.5 million over the first weekend.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaushal |first=Sweta |date=15 October 2024 |title=India Box Office: 'Vettaiyan' Crosses $28 Million |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/swetakaushal/2024/10/15/india-box-office-vettaiyan-crosses-28-million/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241015183042/https://www.forbes.com/sites/swetakaushal/2024/10/15/india-box-office-vettaiyan-crosses-28-million/ |archive-date=15 October 2024 |access-date=28 December 2024 |website=[[Forbes]] |language=en}}</ref> Debuting 5th at the UK and Ireland box office, the film grossed £485,910 in its first weekend as per Comscore.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=15 October 2024 |title='Transformers One' Debuts Atop U.K., Ireland Box Office as Rajinikanth's 'Vettaiyan' Makes Top 5 Bow |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/box-office/transformers-one-uk-ireland-box-rajinikanth-vettaiyan-1236178525/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114133758/https://variety.com/2024/film/box-office/transformers-one-uk-ireland-box-rajinikanth-vettaiyan-1236178525/ |archive-date=14 January 2025 |access-date=28 December 2024 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Controversies ==
On 4 October 2024, following the completion of the film's censorship, a petition was filed by K. Palanivelu at [[Madurai]] Bench of Madurai High Court where they sought removal or beep of certain dialogues. The petition stated that the makers should remove the word "renowned encounter specialist" and the dialogue "encounters are not just punishment by a preventive action." Palanivelu further stated that the dialogue glorifies extrajudicial killings and in his petition, mentioned that the film should be halted from releasing on its release date until the changes are made. The division bench admitted the petition and ordered a notice.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 October 2024 |title=Rajinikanth's 'Vettaiyan' receives petition to mute dialogues post censorship |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rajinikanths-vettaiyan-receives-petition-to-mute-dialogues-post-censorship/articleshow/113930000.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005014849/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rajinikanths-vettaiyan-receives-petition-to-mute-dialogues-post-censorship/articleshow/113930000.cms |archive-date=5 October 2024 |access-date=11 October 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

On 9 October, Daggubati organised a press meet and addressed the situation of the release of the film in other states like [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Telangana]], [[Karnataka]] and in [[North India]]n states, being released under the title ''Vettaiyan The Hunter'' which received criticism. Daggubati used ''[[Devara: Part 1]]'' (2024) as an argument as it was also released in Tamil Nadu with the same title.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2024 |title=Rana Daggubati breaks silence on Vettaiyan Telugu title row, mentions Devara |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/rana-daggubati-breaks-silence-on-rajinikanth-vettaiyan-telugu-title-row-mentions-devara-2614520-2024-10-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241209015607/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/regional-cinema/story/rana-daggubati-breaks-silence-on-rajinikanth-vettaiyan-telugu-title-row-mentions-devara-2614520-2024-10-10 |archive-date=9 December 2024 |access-date=10 October 2024 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref>

On 12 October, a screening of the film at [[PVR INOX]] in [[Velachery]] was scheduled to begin on 9:30 am [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]; however, the audiences ended up waiting for three hours, with the manager assuring them that it would begin in 10 minutes and that there was problems with the projector. After almost three hours, at 12 pm, the manager stated that the show was cancelled.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 October 2024 |title=Vettaiyan screening cancelled after 3-hour wait; chaos in Chennai multiplex |url=https://www.dtnext.in/news/chennai/vettaiyan-screening-cancelled-after-3-hour-wait-chaos-in-chennai-multiplex-807167 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241116013659/https://www.dtnext.in/amp/news/chennai/vettaiyan-screening-cancelled-after-3-hour-wait-chaos-in-chennai-multiplex-807167 |archive-date=16 November 2024 |access-date=14 October 2024 |website=[[DT Next]] |language=en}}</ref>

Post release, reports stated that Lyca Productions asked Rajinikanth to compensate their losses by doing another film with them with a reduced remuneration.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 October 2024 |title=Will Rajinikanth compensate for Vettaiyan's box office performance? Here's what we know... |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/will-rajinikanth-compensate-for-vettaiyans-box-office-performance-heres-what-we-know-/articleshow/114379319.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204095550/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/will-rajinikanth-compensate-for-vettaiyans-box-office-performance-heres-what-we-know-/articleshow/114379319.cms |archive-date=4 December 2024 |access-date=21 October 2024 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 October 2024 |title=Vettaiyan box-office collection Day 10: Rajinikanth's thriller struggles, Lyca eyeing fee adjustment? |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/trending/box-office/story/vettaiyan-box-office-collection-day-10-rajinikanths-thriller-struggles-lyca-eyeing-fee-adjustment-450768-2024-10-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241111054023/https://www.businesstoday.in/trending/box-office/story/vettaiyan-box-office-collection-day-10-rajinikanths-thriller-struggles-lyca-eyeing-fee-adjustment-450768-2024-10-20 |archive-date=11 November 2024 |access-date=21 October 2024 |website=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Future ==
After the film's release, Gnanavel expressed interest in making a prequel that could delve into Rajinikanth and Fahadh's characters.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Latha |date=17 October 2024 |title=Vettaiyan director keen on making prequel to film with Rajinikanth |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/vettaiyan-director-keen-on-making-prequel-to-film-with-rajinikanth-101729166138162-amp.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20241022121031/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/vettaiyan-director-keen-on-making-prequel-to-film-with-rajinikanth-101729166138162-amp.html |archive-date=22 October 2024 |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

[[Category:2020s police films]]
[[Category:2024 action drama films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:2024 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Tamil Nadu Police]]
[[Category:Films about corruption in India]]
[[Category:Films about police corruption]]
[[Category:Films about police misconduct]]
[[Category:Films about rape in India]]
[[Category:Films directed by T. J. Gnanavel]]
[[Category:Films scored by Anirudh Ravichander]]
[[Category:Films set in Kanyakumari]]
[[Category:Films shot in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kanyakumari]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Puducherry]]
[[Category:Films shot in Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Films shot in Tirunelveli]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Indian police films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language action drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Indian wolf

2026-05-01T10:12:53Z

ShereeScotto4: Done

{{Short description|Wolf subspecies}}
{{Subspeciesbox
| image = Indian wolf (Canis lupus pallipes) - cropped.jpg
| image_caption =
| status = VU
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/A1972-53_0.pdf|title=Wildlife Protection Act 1972|website=legislative.gov.in}}</ref>
| genus = Canis
| species = lupus
| species_link = Wolf
| subspecies = pallipes
| authority = [[William Henry Sykes|Sykes]], 1831<ref name=sykes1831/>
| range_map = Indian wolf (Canis lupus pallipes) distribution.png
| range_map_caption = ''Canis lupus pallipes'' distribution
| synonyms = ''Canis pallipes pallipes''
}}

The '''Indian wolf''' ('''''Canis lupus pallipes''''') is a [[subspecies of Canis lupus|subspecies of gray wolf]] that ranges from [[Southwest Asia]] to the [[Indian subcontinent]]. It is intermediate in size between the [[Himalayan wolf]] and the [[Arabian wolf]], and lacks the former's luxuriant winter coat due to it living in warmer conditions.<ref name="pocock1941"/> Within this subspecies, the "Indian plains wolf" is genetically [[Basal (biology)|basal]] to all other extant ''Canis lupus'' apart from the older-lineage Himalayan wolf, with both proposed as separate species.<ref name=sharma2004/><ref name=agga2007/> The Indian wolf travels in smaller packs and is less vocal than other variants of the [[Wolf|gray wolf]],<ref name="mivart1890"/> and has a reputation for being cunning.<ref name="blanford1888"/><ref name=walkingwithwolves>{{cite AV media |people=Hegde, S. (Director) |date=2016 |title=Walking with Wolves |medium=Motion picture |publisher=[[Krupakar-Senani]] Features |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Py6--X8C0xs |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211219/Py6--X8C0xs |archive-date=2021-12-19 |url-status=live|access-date=1 January 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The Indian wolf is one of the most endangered populations of gray wolf in the world.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hennelly|first1=Lauren M.|last2=Habib|first2=Bilal|last3=Modi|first3=Shrushti|last4=Rueness|first4=Eli K.|last5=Gaubert|first5=Philippe|last6=Sacks|first6=Benjamin N.|title=Ancient divergence of Indian and Tibetan wolves revealed by recombination-aware phylogenomics|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/mec.16127|journal=Molecular Ecology|year=2021|volume=30|issue=24|pages=6687–6700|language=en|doi=10.1111/mec.16127|pmid=34398980|bibcode=2021MolEc..30.6687H |s2cid=237147842|issn=1365-294X|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

==Taxonomy==
The Indian wolf was first described to Western science in 1831 by the British [[ornithologist]] [[William Henry Sykes]] under the [[Binomial nomenclature|binomial]] ''Canis pallipes''.<ref name=sykes1831>{{cite journal|last1=Sykes |first1=William H. |author-link1=William Henry Sykes|year=1831 |url=https://archive.org/stream/lietuvostsrmoksl30liet#page/n113/mode/2up |title=Catalogue of the Mammalia of Dukun (Deccan); with observations on the habits, etc., and characters of new species. |journal=Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1830–1831|volume=I |page=101 |publisher=[[Zoological Society of London]] |location=London |access-date=28 December 2013}}</ref> In 1941, [[Reginald Innes Pocock|Reginald Pocock]] subordinated it to ''Canis lupus'' under the [[Trinomial nomenclature|trinomial]] ''Canis lupus pallipes''.<ref name="pocock1941">[[Reginald Innes Pocock|Pocock, R. I.]] (1941), [https://archive.org/stream/PocockMammalia2/pocock2#page/n105/mode/2up ''Fauna of British India: Mammals volume 2''], Taylor & Francis, pp. 82-94</ref>

===''Canis indica''===
The Indian plains wolf (''Canis lupus pallipes'', synonym ''Canis indica'') is formed by two closely related female lineage [[mitochondrial DNA]] [[haplotype]]s that fall within the ''Canis lupus pallipes'' subspecies of the gray wolf and is only found in the arid and semi-arid peninsular plains of India.<ref name=agga2007/> These lineages are genetically unique from all other wolf lineageses worldwide, including from other wolves forming ''C. l. pallipes''.<ref name=aggarwal2007b/><ref name=spotte2012/> The Indian gray wolf and the Himalayan wolf are phylogenetically [[Basal (phylogenetics)|basal]] to all other wolf subspecies and are closer to the African wolf. This indicates that these are the descendants of an ancient [[wolf distribution]].<ref name=agga2007/><ref name=spotte2012/>

In April 2009, the Latin binomial ''Canis indica'' had been proposed for these two haplotypes as a nomenclatural and taxonomic split from ''Canis lupus'' as a new species through the Nomenclature Specialist on the [[CITES]] Animals Committee.<ref name=cites2009a/> The committee did not agree but recommended that the name be entered into the species database as a synonym of the name under which it was listed.<ref name=cites2009b/> The proposal was based on one study<ref name=agga2007/> that relied on only a limited number of museum and zoo samples that may not have been representative of the wild population, and a call for further fieldwork was made.<ref name=shrotriya2012/>{{rp|886}}

Earlier, two studies had sequenced the mDNA of the Indian gray wolf and found that it is basal to all other extant ''Canis lupus'' haplotypes apart from the older-lineage Himalayan wolf.<ref name=sharma2004/><ref name=agga2007/> Later studies compared these sequences against worldwide wolf sequences and confirmed this basal position.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Miklosi|first1=A. |title=Dog Behaviour, Evolution, and Cognition |publisher=Oxford University Press |edition=2nd |series=Oxford Biology|year=2015 |pages=106–107 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VT-WBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA106 |isbn=978-0-19-954566-7}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |pmid=17583509 |url=http://www.es.ucsc.edu/~pkoch/pdfs/Koch%20papers/2007/Leonard%20et%2007%20CurBio%2017-1146.pdf |year=2007 |last1=Leonard |first1=J. A. |title=Megafaunal extinctions and the disappearance of a specialized wolf ecomorph |journal=Current Biology |volume=17 |issue=13 |pages=1146–1150 |last2=Vilà |first2=C. |last3=Fox-Dobbs |first3=K. |last4=Koch| first4 = P. L.| last5=Wayne |first5= R. K. |last6=Van Valkenburgh |first6=B. |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2007.05.072 |bibcode=2007CBio...17.1146L |hdl=10261/61282 |s2cid=14039133 |hdl-access=free |access-date=2015-08-27 |archive-date=2016-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228122803/http://www.es.ucsc.edu/~pkoch/pdfs/Koch%20papers/2007/Leonard%20et%2007%20CurBio%2017-1146.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |doi=10.1186/1471-2148-10-104 |pmid=20409299 |pmc=2873414 |title=Phylogeographic history of grey wolves in Europe |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology |volume=10 |page=104 |year=2010 |last1=Pilot |first1=M. G. |last2=Branicki |first2=W. |last3=Jędrzejewski |first3=W. O. |last4=Goszczyński |first4=J. |last5=Jędrzejewska |first5=B. A. |last6=Dykyy |first6=I. |last7=Shkvyrya |first7=M. |last8=Tsingarska |first8=E. |issue=1 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2010BMCEE..10..104P}}</ref> One study, based on a fossil record, estimated that the divergence between the coyote and the wolf lineages occurred 1 million years ago and with an assumed wolf mutation rate, estimated that the divergence of the Indian gray wolf from the wolf/dog ancestor occurred 400,000 years ago.<ref name=sharma2004/>{{rp|S2}} Another study, which expressed concerns about the earlier study, gave an estimate of 270,000 years ago.<ref name=agga2007/>{{rp|169}}

The Indian grey wolf resembles ''C. l. pallipes'' in its outer appearance (morphological features) and its social/reproductive behavior, but it is smaller in size, and genetically distinct. These findings suggest that the Indian gray wolf is not the ''pallipes'' found in the Middle East and Central Asia.<ref name=agga2007/>{{rp|169}} It was therefore proposed that the Indian gray wolf be reclassified as a separate species ''Canis indica''.<ref name=sharma2004/><ref name=agga2007/> In 2016, a study of the mDNA of both modern and ancient wolves indicated that the Indian gray wolf and the [[Himalayan wolf]] were genetically [[Basal (phylogenetics)|basal]] when compared with all other gray wolves.<ref name=ersmark2016>{{cite journal |doi=10.3389/fevo.2016.00134|title=From the Past to the Present: Wolf Phylogeography and Demographic History Based on the Mitochondrial Control Region |journal=Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution|volume=4 |year=2016 |last1=Ersmark |first1=E. |last2=Klütsch|first2=C. F. C. |last3=Chan|first3=Y. L. |last4=Sinding|first4=M.-H. S.|last5=Fain|first5=S. R. |last6=Illarionova |first6=N. A.|last7=Oskarsson|first7=M. |last8=Uhlén|first8=M. |last9=Zhang|first9=Y.-P. |last10=Dalén|first10=L. |last11=S. |first11=P. |page=134 |bibcode=2016FrEEv...4..134E |doi-access=free}}</ref>

{{Cladogram|align=right|title=[[Phylogenetic tree]] for ''[[Canis lupus]]'' with timing in years{{refn|group=lower-alpha|name=mtdna_seq_desc|For a full set of supporting references refer to the note (a) in the phylotree at [[Evolution of the wolf#Wolf-like canids]]}}
|cladogram={{clade | style = font-size:85%;line-height:80%;width:375px;
|style1=background-color:#ccccff;
|label1=250,000
|1={{clade
|label1=120,000
|1={{clade
|label1=80,000
|1={{clade
|label1=31,000
|1={{clade
|1=[[Dog]] [[File:Tibetan mastiff (transparent background).png|50 px]]
|2=Holarctic [[gray wolf]] [[File:Dogs, jackals, wolves, and foxes (Plate I).png|50 px]]
}}
|2=Late [[Pleistocene wolf]]† [[File:Dogs, jackals, wolves, and foxes (Plate I).png|50 px]]
}}
|2='''Indian plains wolf''' [[File:Dogs, jackals, wolves, and foxes (Plate I).png|50 px]]
}}
|2=[[Himalayan wolf]] [[File:Dogs, jackals, wolves, and foxes (Plate I).png|50 px]]
}}
}}
}}

In 2021, a study compared both the [[mitochondrial DNA]] and the [[nuclear DNA]] (from the cell nucleus) from the wolves of the Himalayas with those of the wolves from the lowlands of the [[Indian subcontinent]]. The genomic analyses indicate that the Himalayan wolf and the Indian lowland wolf were genetically distinct from one another. These wolves were also genetically distinct from – and genetically basal to – the other wolf populations across the northern hemisphere. These other wolves form a single mitochondrial [[clade]], indicating that they originated from a single expansion from one region within the last 100,000 years. However, the nuclear analysis indicated that the Indian lowland wolf and the Himalayan wolf had separated from this lineage around 200,000 years ago, with the Indian lowland wolf being genetically basal to the Himalayan wolf. This nuclear DNA finding conflicts with mitochondrial DNA findings of the Himalayan wolf being the most basal, however the Himalayan wolf has admixed with a more basal but unidentified canid and this is what was being reflected in its mDNA. Wolves from Syria and Iran clustered with the other wolves, although these and the Indian lowland wolves are taxonomically classified together as the single subspecies ''Canis lupus pallipes''. The wolves of this subspecies share morphological characteristics due to their adaptation to arid environments.<ref name=Hennelly2021/> In 2022 whole-genome sequencing estimated the distinct gray wolf lineage living in the semi-arid lowland region of the Indian subcontinent diverged from other gray wolf populations around 110,000 years ago.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=M.-S. |last2=Thakur |first2=M. |last3=Jhala |first3=Y. |last4=Wang |first4=S. |last5=Srinivas |first5=Y. |last6=Dai |first6=S.-S. |last7=Liu |first7=Zheng-Xi |last8=Chen |first8=Hong-Man |last9=Green |first9=R. E. |last10=Koepfli |first10=K.-P. |last11=Shapiro |first11=B. |date=2022 |title=Genome Sequencing of a Gray Wolf from Peninsular India Provides New Insights into the Evolution and Hybridization of Gray Wolves |journal=Genome Biology and Evolution |volume=14 |issue=2 |article-number=evac012 |doi=10.1093/gbe/evac012 |pmc=8841465 |pmid=35137061}}</ref>

The taxonomic reference ''[[Mammal Species of the World]]'' (2005) does not recognize ''Canis indica'', however [[National Center for Biotechnology Information|NCBI]]/[[Genbank]] does list ''Canis lupus indica''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Canis lupus indica|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=242524}}</ref>

===Iranian wolf===
A study demonstrated minor morphological variations of the skull of Iranian wolves but these did not vary enough to classify them as being a separate subspecies, however their genetic lineage has not been verified.<ref name="khosravi2012"/>

==Description ==
[[File:Bengalwolfskull.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Skull specimen]]

The Indian wolf is similar in structure to the [[Eurasian wolf]], but is smaller, more slightly built, and has shorter fur with little to no underfur.<ref name="blanford1888">{{cite book |author=Blanford, W. T. |year=1888 |title=Fauna of British India: Mammalia |place=London |publisher=Taylor and Francis |pages=137–140 |chapter=''Canis pallipes''. The Indian Wolf |chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89654#page/173/mode/1up}}</ref> It is typically around {{cvt|57-72|cm}} at shoulder height, with males ranging from {{cvt|19|to|25|kg}} and females {{cvt|17-22|kg}} in weight. Its length ranges from {{cvt|103|to|145|cm}} from nose to tail.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Studbook: Indian Wolf (''Canis lupus pallipes'') |url=http://cza.nic.in/uploads/documents/studbooks/english/nswolf.pdf |website=Central Zoo Authority, Government of India |publisher=Wildlife Institute of India |access-date=1 January 2020}}</ref> Like the Arabian wolf, it has short, thin fur in summer, though the hair on the back remains long even in summer, an adaptation thought to be against solar radiation.<ref>{{cite book |author=Harrington, F. H. |author2=Paquet, P. C. |year=1982 |title=Wolves of the World: Perspectives of Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation |place=Park Ridge |publisher=N.J: Noyes Publications |isbn=0-8155-0905-7}}</ref> The fur is generally grayish-red to reddish-white with gray tones. The hairs are grizzled with black, particularly on the back, which sports a dark V-shaped patch around the shoulders. The limbs are paler than the body, and the underparts are almost completely white.<ref name="mivart1890">Mivart, G. (1890), ''[https://archive.org/stream/dogsjackalswolve00mivauoft#page/n69/mode/2up/search/pallipes Dogs, Jackals, Wolves and Foxes: A Monograph of the Canidæ]'', London: R.H. Porter : Dulau, pp. 9-10</ref>

Wolf pups are born sooty-brown, with a milk-white patch on the chest that fades with age.<ref name="blanford1888"/> [[Black wolf|Black specimen]]s are rare, but have been recorded in India's [[Solapur district]] and two regions of Iran. In the latter country, the mutation was found to be naturally occurring, unlike in North American gray wolves, which have inherited the Kb [[allele]] responsible for [[melanism]] from past interbreeding with dogs.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lokhande |first1=A. S. |last2=Bajaru |first2=S. B. |year=2013 |title=First record of melanistic Indian Wolf ''Canis lupus pallipes'' from the Indian Subcontinent |journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society |volume=110 |issue=3|pages=220–230}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Khosravi |first1=R. |year=2014 |title=Is black coat color in wolves of Iran an evidence of admixed ancestry with dogs? |journal=Journal of Applied Genetics |volume=56|issue=1 |pages=97–105|doi=10.1007/s13353-014-0237-6 |pmid=25085671 |s2cid=15381375}}</ref>

==Distribution and habitat==
===West Asia===
[[File:Iran-wolf.jpg|thumb|A miniature, depicting a wolf hunt in ancient [[Persia]]]]
During the 19th century, the Indian wolf was widespread in many parts east and west of the [[Jordan River]]. However, the population declined considerably between 1964 and 1980, largely due to persecution by farmers.<ref>{{cite book |author=Qumsiyeh, M. B. |year=1996 |title=Mammals of the Holy Land |publisher=Texas Tech University Press |place=Lubbock |chapter=''Canis lupus'' Wolf |pages=146–148 |isbn=089672364X |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Amr2oLxnR10C&lpg=PP1&pg=PA146#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref> Currently, [[Israel]]'s conservation policies and effective law enforcement maintain a moderately sized wolf population, which radiates into neighbouring countries. [[Turkey]] may play an important role in maintaining wolves in the region, due to its contiguity with Central Asia. The mountains of Turkey have served as a refuge for the few wolves remaining in [[Syria]]. A small wolf population of 80-100 occurs in the [[Golan Heights]], and is well protected by the military activities there.<ref name="m326">Mech, L. David; Boitani, L, (2003). ''Wolves: Behaviour, Ecology and Conservation.'' University of Chicago Press. p. 326-27. {{ISBN|0-226-51696-2}}.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Reichmann |first1=A. |last2=Saltz |first2=D. |date=2005 |title=The Golan Wolves: The Dynamics, Behavioral Ecology, and Management of an Endangered Pest |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1560/1BLK-B1RT-XB11-BWJH |journal=Israel Journal of Zoology. |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=87–133 |doi=10.1560/1blk-b1rt-xb11-bwjh |doi-broken-date=12 July 2025|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=Making peace in the Golan Heights—between humans and wolves |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/golan-heights-peace-with-wolves |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422175140/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/golan-heights-peace-with-wolves |archive-date=April 22, 2021 |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=Animals}}</ref> Although Turkish wolves have no legal protection, they may number about 7,000 individuals.<ref name="Turkish Wolf">{{cite journal |last1=Zuppiroli |first1=P. |last2=Donnez |first2=L. |year=2006 |title=An Interview with Ozgun Emre Can on the Wolves in Turkey |journal=UKWCT |volume=26 |pages=8–9 |url=http://www.lcie.org/Docs/Regions/Turkey/EMRE_WP_emre_interview.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727195624/http://www.lcie.org/Docs/Regions/Turkey/EMRE_WP_emre_interview.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-27}}</ref>

Little is known of current wolf populations in [[Iran]], which once occurred throughout the country in low densities during the mid-1970s.<ref name="m326" /> Although widespread throughout the country, being absent only in the central desert and [[Lut Desert|Dasht-e Lut]], there is no reliable estimation on the wolf's population size there. Wolves in Iran continue to suffer from habitat loss, unregulated hunting and loss of prey.<ref name="khosravi2012">{{cite journal |author1=Khosravi, R. |author2=Kaboli, M. |author3=Imani, J. |author4=Nourani, E. |year=2012 |title=Morphometric variations of the skull in the Gray Wolf (''Canis lupus'') in Iran |journal=Acta Theriologica |volume=57 |issue=4 |pages=361–369|doi=10.1007/s13364-012-0089-6 |s2cid=15443927}}</ref><ref name="khosravi2013">{{cite journal |author1=Khosravi, R. |author2=Rezaei, H.R. |author3=Kaboli, M. |year=2013 |title=Detecting hybridization between Iranian wild wolf (''Canis lupus pallipes'') and free-ranging domestic dog (''Canis familiaris'') by analysis of microsatellite markers |journal=Zoological Science |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=27–34 |doi=10.2108/zsj.30.27|pmid=23317363 |s2cid=23083465}}</ref>

===Indian subcontinent===
[[File:Genome Sequencing of a Gray Wolf from Peninsular India (2022) fig. 1A.png|thumb|Indian wolf from [[Peninsular India]]]]
The northern regions of [[Afghanistan]] and [[Pakistan]] are strongholds for the Indian wolf.<ref name=m326/>
In [[India]], the Indian wolf population is concentrated in the [[Pir Panjal Range]] of the [[Indian Himalayan Region]] and has been estimated at about 300 individuals in approximately {{cvt|60000|km2}} of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], and 50 more in [[Himachal Pradesh]].<ref name=m326/> The Indian wolf also occurs in the states of [[Gujarat]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Haryana]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Jhala, Y. V. |title=The Status and Conservation of the Wolf in Gujarat and Rajasthan, India |author2=Giles, R. H. Jr. |journal=Conservation Biology |volume=5 |issue=4 |date=1991 |pages=476–483 |doi=10.1111/j.1523-1739.1991.tb00354.x |jstor=2386069 |bibcode=1991ConBi...5..476J}}</ref>

The Indian wolf mainly occurs outside protected areas and feeds mainly on livestock, such as goats or sheep. However, in areas where natural prey is still abundant, as in [[Blackbuck National Park, Velavadar]] or [[Panna Tiger Reserve]], natural prey species are still preferred. <ref>{{cite journal |title=Distribution, status and conservation of Indian gray wolf (''Canis lupus pallipes'') in Karnataka, India |doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00103.x |year=2006 |author1=Singh, M. |author2=Kumara, H. N. |journal=[[Journal of Zoology]] |pages=164–169 |volume=270 |issue=1}}</ref> [[Mahuadanr Wolf Sanctuary]] in the state of Jharkhand is the only wolf sanctuary in the country.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/english/national/bharat/counting-of-wolves-to-begin-in-jharkhands-mahuadanr-wolf-sanctuary-from-january-next-year/na20211217214406051 |title=Counting of wolves to begin in Jharkhand's Mahuadanr Wolf Sanctuary from January next Year |work=etvbharat |date=2021 |access-date=9 August 2022}}</ref>

The Indian wolf is protected since 1972 and classified as [[Endangered]], with many populations lingering in low numbers or living in areas increasingly used by humans. Its population was estimated at 2,000-3,000 individuals in 2004,<ref name=sharma2004/> and there was an estimated 3,100 Indian wolves were in India in 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Wolves As Endangered As Tigers In India; Only 3,100 Left |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/wolves-as-endangered-as-tigers-in-india-only-3-1k-left/articleshow/90553678.cms |work=Times of India |date=2022|access-date=25 January 2025}}</ref> In March 2023, ten captive-bred wolves were released in Gujarat, a first for India.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kateshiya |first=G. B. |date=2023 |title=In a first, Gujarat to release in the wild 10 wolves bred in captivity — after training |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/rajkot/in-a-first-gujarat-to-release-in-the-wild-10-wolves-bred-in-captivity-after-training-8490042/ |access-date=2023-03-13}}</ref>

[[Hindus]] traditionally considered the [[hunting of wolves]], even dangerous ones, as [[taboo]], for fear of causing a bad harvest. The [[Santals]], however, considered them fair game, as with every other forest-dwelling animal.<ref name="Children">{{cite book |last1=Maclean |first1= C. |title=The Wolf Children |location=Harmondsworth, Eng.; New York |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |year=1980 |isbn=0-14-005053-1 |page=336}}</ref> During [[British India]], wolves were not considered game species, and were killed primarily in response to them attacking game herds, livestock, and people. In 1876, in the [[North-Western Provinces]] (now [[Uttar Pradesh]]) and [[Bihar]] State, 2,825 wolves were killed in response to 721 fatal attacks on humans.<ref name="knight">Knight, J. (2004). ''Wildlife in Asia: Cultural Perspectives.'' Psychology Press, pp. 219–221, {{ISBN|0700713328}}</ref> Two years later, 2,600 wolves were killed in response to attacks leaving 624 humans dead.<ref name=maneaters>{{cite book |author1=Bright, M. |title=Man-Eaters |year=2002 |location=New York |publisher=St. Martin's Paperbacks |isbn=0-312-98156-2 |page=304}}</ref> By the 1920s, wolf extermination remained a priority in the NWP and [[Awadh]]. Overall, over 100,000 wolves were killed for bounties in British India between 1871 and 1916.<ref name="knight"/>

== Behaviour and ecology ==
[[File:Indian Gray Wolves (2019).jpg|thumb|A pack of Indian gray wolves]]

The Indian wolf's habits are similar to those of other grey wolf subspecies, though the Indian wolf generally lives in smaller packs rarely exceeding 6-8 individuals, and is relatively less vocal,<ref name="blanford1888"/> having rarely been known to howl.<ref name="mivart1890"/> Indian wolf vocalization includes howls, howl-barks, whimper, social squeals, and whines with howls an average fundamental frequency of 422 Hz and whines 906 Hz.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sadhukhan |title=Characterising the harmonic vocal repertoire of the Indian wolf (''Canis lupus pallipes'') |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=14 |date=2019 |issue=10 |article-number=e0216186 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0216186 |pmid=31671161 |pmc=6822943 |bibcode=2019PLoSO..1416186S |doi-access=free}}</ref> There is at least one record of a lone wolf associating with a pair of [[dhole]]s in [[Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nair |first1=M. V. |last2=Panda |first2=S. K. |year=2013 |title=Just Friends |url=http://www.sanctuaryasia.com/magazines/features/9390-just-friends.html |journal=Sanctuary Asia |volume=XXXIII |issue=3 |access-date=2014-12-28 |archive-date=2019-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724195645/https://www.sanctuaryasia.com/magazines/features/9390-just-friends.html }}</ref> It tends to breed from mid-October to late December, and whelp in holes or ravines.<ref name="mivart1890"/> It typically preys on [[antelope]]s, [[rodent]]s, and [[hare]]s.<ref name=predation>{{cite journal |jstor=2386819 |title=Predation on Blackbuck by Wolves in Velavadar National Park, Gujarat, India |author1=Jhala, Y.V. |journal=[[Conservation Biology (journal)|Conservation Biology]] |volume=7 |issue=4 |date=1993 |pages=874–881 |doi=10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.740874.x|bibcode=1993ConBi...7..874J |author1-link=Yadvendradev Vikramsinh Jhala}}</ref> It usually hunts in pairs when targeting antelopes, with one wolf acting as a decoy while the other attacks from behind.<ref name="blanford1888"/> The range of the Indian wolf overlaps with the [[golden jackal]], [[sloth bear]], [[leopard]], [[Bengal fox]], [[brown bear]], [[Asiatic lion]] and [[Bengal tiger]].<ref name="Geptner1972">{{cite book |author1=Heptner, V. G. |author2=Sludskij, A. A. |orig-date=1972 |year=1992 |title=Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola |trans-title=Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 2. Carnivora (Hyaenas and Cats) |publisher=Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation |location=Washington DC |chapter=Lion |pages=82–93 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/mammalsofsov221992gept#page/83/mode/2up}}</ref><ref name="Negi">{{cite book |last=Negi |first=S. S. |title=Handbook of National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries and Biosphere Reserves in India |edition=Third |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JYFmoOWfmX8C&pg=PA151 |year=2002 |publisher=Indus Publishing |isbn=978-81-7387-128-3 |page=151}}</ref>

===Hunting===
[[File:Indian Wolves eating Blackbuck Kill.png|thumb|Indian wolves consuming a [[blackbuck]] in [[Blackbuck National Park, Velavadar|Velavadar]]]]

Indian wolves are [[nocturnal]] and hunt from dusk to dawn, using different strategies for their various prey animals.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian Wolf |url=https://www.wolfworlds.com/indian-wolf/ |website=Wolf Worlds |access-date=1 January 2020}}</ref> These wolves are said to be exceptional in speed and endurance.<ref name="mivart1890"/> An Indian wolf pack will spread themselves out when hunting [[Indian hare]]s and various [[rodent]]s, in contrast to coordinating when their target is the swift [[blackbuck]] antelope. The blackbuck is the major prey animal for wolves in [[Nannaj]] and [[Blackbuck National Park]] and constitute up to 88% of Indian wolf biomass consumption.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jhala |first1=Y, V. |author-link1=Yadvendradev Vikramsinh Jhala |title=Predation on Blackbuck by Wolves in Velavadar National Park, Gujarat, India |url=http://wolfology1.tripod.com/id171.htm |website=Wolves: Wolf History, Conservation, Ecology and Behavior |access-date=1 January 2020}}</ref> Because the antelope is faster, Indian wolves will usually chase it toward ravines, bushes or hollows, where more wolves wait in ambush.<ref name="blanford1888"/><ref name =ecologykumar /> In addition to leading antelopes into an ambush, Indian wolves can chase blackbucks down hills for a short-term burst in speed. Indian wolves may also select a sick or injured animal and separate it from the herd, pursuing it to exhaustion. This strategy is commonly seen in gray wolves, and often proves successful. Finally, when they close the distance and attack, a single wolf would grab the snout to [[asphyxiate]] the antelope while others attack the rear.<ref name =ecologykumar>{{cite web |last1=Kumar |first1=S. |title=Ecology and Behavior of Indian Grey Wolf (''Canis lupus pallipes'' Sykes, 1831) in the Deccan Grasslands of Solapur, Maharashtra |url=http://ir.amu.ac.in/859/1/T%205038.pdf |website=AMU Repository |access-date=1 January 2020}}</ref> Indian wolves are also reported to use curiosity to lure antelopes in for a kill. One story remarks that a wolf rolled over, legs upright, when the blackbucks were feeding. When the antelope accidentally disturbed this wolf, two others sprung up for the kill.<ref name="blanford1888"/>

==Relationships with humans==
===Attacks on humans===
Indian wolves have a history of preying on children, a phenomenon called "child-lifting". In 1878, 624 people were killed by wolves in [[Uttar Pradesh]], and 14 were killed in Bengal.<ref name="rajpurohit1999">{{cite journal | last1 = Rajpurohit | first1 = K.S. | year = 1999 | title = Child lifting: Wolves in Hazaribagh, India | journal = Ambio | volume = 28 | pages = 162–166 }}</ref> In 1900, 285 people were killed in the [[Central Provinces and Berar|Central Provinces]].<ref name="attacks">Burton, R.G. (1991). ''A Book of Man Eaters.'' Mittal Publications.</ref> Between 1910 and 1915, 115 children were killed by wolves in [[Hazaribagh]], and 122 were killed in the same area in 1980–1986. In [[Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh|Jaunpur]], [[Pratapgarh district, Uttar Pradesh|Pratapgarh]] and [[Sultanpur district|Sultanpur]] in Uttar Pradesh, wolves killed 21 children and mauled 16 others from March 27, 1996, to July 1, 1996. Between April 1993 and April 1995, five wolf packs attacked 80 children, 20 of whom were rescued, in [[Hazaribagh Wildlife Sanctuary|Hazaribagh]], West [[Koderma Wildlife Sanctuary|Koderma]] and [[Latehar district|Latehar]] Forest Divisions. The children were taken primarily in the summer during the evening hours, and often within human settlements.<ref name="rajpurohit1999"/>

In Iran, wolf attacks have been reported for millennia. As with India, many cases of wolves making off with small children have been reported. Adults have been attacked on occasion, including an incident in which a policeman was killed and partially eaten by three wolves after dismounting from his horse to relieve himself.<ref>{{ cite web |publisher=Abundant Wildlife Society of North America|last1=Mader |first1=T. R. |url=http://www.aws.vcn.com/wolf_attacks_on_humans.html |title=Wolf Attacks on Humans |access-date=28 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070529160435/http://www.aws.vcn.com/wolf_attacks_on_humans.html |archive-date=29 May 2007 }}</ref> On January 2, 2005, in the village of Vali Asr, near the town of [[Torbat-e Heydarieh|Torbat Heydariya]], northeastern Iran, a wolf pack attacked a homeless man in front of witnesses. Although the police intervened, the man died of his wounds.<ref>[http://www.iranfocus.com/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1150:homeless-man-eaten-by-wolves-in-iran&catid=4:iran-general&Itemid=26 Homeless man eaten by wolves in Iran]. Iranfocus (2005-01-04)</ref>

===Predation on livestock===
[[File:Wolf on the savannah.jpg|thumb|Indian wolf occupy dry grasslands where they may prey on [[livestock]] ]]

Indian wolves will feed on livestock when natural prey is scarce. This causes human-wolf conflicts and wolf persecution since human [[population density]] is high in these areas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://projectwaghoba.in/docs/roopa_krithivasan_indian_wolf_report_2009.pdf|title=Human-Wolf Conflict in human dominated landscapes of Ahmednagar District, Maharashtra & Possible Mitigation Measures|last1=Krithivasan|first1=R. |last2=Athreya|first2=V. R.|website=Project Waghoba|last3=Odden|first3=M. |access-date=2020-01-03|archive-date=2021-10-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009213508/http://www.projectwaghoba.in/docs/roopa_krithivasan_indian_wolf_report_2009.pdf}}</ref> [[Poaceae|Grass]] is quickly grazed by livestock in unprotected grasslands that cannot sustain a blackbuck population afterward.<ref name =ecologykumar /> Among domestic animals, goats are the primary target for Indian wolves, comprising 66% of wolf attacks around the [[Jhelum district]], with sheep following at 27%.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Saad |first1=M. |last2=Anwar |first2=M. |last3=Waseem |first3=M. |last4=Salim |first4=M. |last5=Ali |first5=Z. |title=Distribution range and population status of Indian grey wolf (''Canis lupus pallipes'') and Asiatic jackal (''Canis aureus'') in Lehri Nature Park, District Jhelum, Pakistan |journal=Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences |date=2015 |volume=25 |issue=3 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282328876 |access-date=2 January 2020}}</ref> Wolves are also more prone to preying on livestock during denning periods and with pups below 5–6 months old.<ref name =ecologykumar /> It is not uncommon for locals to exaggerate the magnitude of Indian wolf depredation and tell tales of their predatory wiles, contributing to hatred of the animal.<ref name="blanford1888"/><ref name=walkingwithwolves /><ref name =ecologykumar />

[[Human–wildlife conflict]] has emerged as a major threat to the survival of the Indian wolf, particularly where human settlement and agriculture expansion coincides with its territory. With increasing grasslands and scrublands being converted into agricultural lands or cities, Indian wolves have no other option but to venture into villages in search of food. It most commonly leads to livestock predation, especially where wild prey is scarce.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Chakrabarti |first1=S. |last2=Wikenros |first2=C. |last3=Borg |first3=B. |last4=Jhala |first4=Y. |last5=Bump |first5=J. |date=2023 |title=Editorial: New century wolf conservation and conflict management |journal=Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |volume=11 |article-number=1174661 |doi=10.3389/fevo.2023.1174661 |bibcode=2023FrEEv..1174661C |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wolf population are poisoned, trapped or killed in retaliation by organized groups in local communities. In contrast to such more charismatic or safeguarded species as tigers or elephants, the Indian wolf lacks substantial legal protection under Indian wildlife law and is thus more liable to persecution.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Karanth |first1=K. K. |last2=Gopalaswamy |first2=A. M. |last3=DeFries |first3=R. |last4=Ballal |first4=N. |date=2012 |title=Assessing Patterns of Human-Wildlife Conflicts and Compensation around a Central Indian Protected Area. |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=7 |issue=12 |article-number=e50433 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0050433 |doi-access=free |pmc=3515612 |pmid=23227173|bibcode=2012PLoSO...750433K }}</ref> Additionally, myths and negative perceptions about the Indian wolf provide additional fuel for conflict since, at times, it is perceived as dangerous or not worthy of protection. To mitigate this conflict, community education and improved practice in livestock management, along with legal protection of the ecological function of the Indian wolf, is necessary.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ashish |first1=K. |last2=Ramesh |first2=T. |last3=Kalle |first3=R. |last4=Arumugam |first4=R. |date=2022 |title=Generalization of threats attributed to large carnivores in areas of high human–wildlife conflict |journal=Conservation Biology |volume=36 |issue=5 |article-number=e13974 |doi=10.1111/cobi.13974 |pmc=9805120 |pmid=35796039 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2022ConBi..36E3974A }}</ref>

===In culture===
{{Further information|Wolves in folklore, religion and mythology}}
Like the [[fox]] and the [[coyote]], the Indian wolf has a reputation for being clever. There are many stories of their stratagems told by locals, observers and shepherds.<ref name="blanford1888"/><ref name=walkingwithwolves /> The people of [[Maharashtra]] would sing ''labad landga dhong kartay'', in [[Marathi language|Marathi]] which translates to "Wolves are clever animals and will fool you with their devilish methods."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Banerjee |first1=Ananda |title=India's disregarded wolves |url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/coverage/indias-disregarded-wolves-46355 |website=DownToEarth |date=15 September 2014 |access-date=2 March 2020}}</ref>

Wolves are occasionally mentioned in [[Hindu mythology]]. In the ''[[Harivamsa]]'', [[Krishna]], to convince the people of [[Vraja]] to migrate to [[Vrindavan]], creates hundreds of wolves from his hairs, which frighten the inhabitants of Vraja into making the journey.<ref>Wilson, H. H., Hall, F. (1868). ''The Vishńu Puráńa: A System of Hindu Mythology and Tradition''. Trubner</ref> In the ''[[Rig Veda]]'', Rijrsava is blinded by his father as punishment for having given 101 of his family's sheep to a she-wolf, who in turn prays to the [[Ashvins]] to restore his sight.<ref name="murthy" /> [[Bhima]], the voracious son of the god [[Vayu]], is described as ''Vrikodara'', meaning "wolf-stomached".<ref>{{cite book |title=Hindu Mythology, Vedic and Puranic |first1=W. J. |last1=Wilkins |location=S.l |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |year=2004 |isbn=0-7661-8881-7}}</ref>

The wolf has an ambivalent reputation in [[Culture of Iran|Iranian culture]], being demonised in the [[Avesta]]s as a creation of [[Ahriman]],<ref name="murthy">Krishna Murthy, K. (1985). ''Mythical animals in Indian art''. Abhinav Publications, {{ISBN|0-391-03287-9}}</ref> and still features in contemporary [[cautionary tale]]s told to misbehaving children.<ref name="humphreys1999">Humphreys, P. & Kahrom, E. (1999). ''Lion and Gazelle: The Mammals and Birds of Iran''. I.B.Tauris. pp. 88-9. {{ISBN|1860642292}}</ref>

Indian wolves take a central role in [[Rudyard Kipling]]'s ''[[The Jungle Book]]'' series, in which a pack in the [[Seoni, Madhya Pradesh|Seoni]] area of [[Madhya Pradesh]] adopts the [[feral child]] [[Mowgli]], and teaches him how to survive in the jungle while protecting him from the [[Bengal tiger]] [[Shere Khan]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Slater |first1=John |title=Seeonee: The Site of Mowgli's Jungle? |url=http://www.kiplingsociety.co.uk/rg_junglebook_location.htm |publisher=The [[Kipling Society]] |access-date=14 December 2017 |date=23 March 2007 |archive-date=8 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190908160005/http://www.kiplingsociety.co.uk/rg_junglebook_location.htm |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Hotchkiss, Jane|title=The jungle of Eden: Kipling, wolf boys, and the colonial imagination|journal=Victorian Literature and Culture|year=2001|volume=29|issue=2|page=440|doi=10.1017/s1060150301002108|s2cid=162409338}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em|refs=
<ref name=aggarwal2007b>{{cite book|last1=Aggarwal|first1=Ramesh K.|title=You Deserve, We Conserve: A Biotechnological Approach to Wildlife Conservation|publisher=I K International Publishing House, New Delhi|editor= M. W. Pandit|editor2= S. Shivaji|editor3= Lalji Singh|year=2007|chapter=7-Molecular Genetic Studies on highly Endangered Species|pages=54–57|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-BLEGylIIasC&pg=PA57|isbn=978-81-89866-24-2}}</ref>
<ref name=cites2009a>{{cite web|publisher=[[CITES]]|year=2009|title=Nomenclatural Matters. Twenty-fourth meeting of the Animals Committee Geneva, (Switzerland), 20–24 April 2009, AC24 Doc. 13 Rev. 1 Annex 1|page=3|url=https://www.cites.org/sites/default/files/eng/com/ac/24/E24-13.pdf}}</ref>
<ref name=cites2009b>{{cite web|publisher=[[CITES]]|year=2009|title=Summary Record. Twenty-fourth meeting of the Animals Committee Geneva, (Switzerland), 20–24 April 2009, AC24 Summary Record|page=28|url=https://www.cites.org/sites/default/files/eng/com/ac/24/E-AC24-Sum-Rec-FINAL.pdf}}</ref>
<ref name=Hennelly2021>{{cite journal|doi=10.1111/mec.16127|title=Ancient divergence of Indian and Tibetan wolves revealed by recombination-aware phylogenomics|year=2021|last1=Hennelly|first1=Lauren M.|last2=Habib|first2=Bilal|last3=Modi|first3=Shrushti|last4=Rueness|first4=Eli K.|last5=Gaubert|first5=Philippe|last6=Sacks|first6=Benjamin N.|journal=Molecular Ecology|volume=30|issue=24|pages=6687–6700|pmid=34398980|bibcode=2021MolEc..30.6687H |s2cid=237147842}}</ref>
<ref name=shrotriya2012>{{Cite journal|url = http://www.currentscience.ac.in/cs/Volumes/103/08/0885.pdf|title = Wolves in Trans-Himalayas: 165 years of taxonomic confusion|author = Shrotriya|author2 = Lyngdoh|author3 = Habib|date =2012|journal = Current Science |volume=103 |issue=8|access-date = June 27, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=sharma2004>{{Cite journal |last1=Sharma |first1=D. K. | last2 = Maldonado | first2 = J. E. | last3 = Jhala | first3 = Y. V. | last4 = Fleischer | first4 = R. C. |title=Ancient wolf lineages in India |doi=10.1098/rsbl.2003.0071 | journal = [[Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences]]| volume = 271 | issue = Suppl 3 | pages = S1–S4 | year = 2004 |pmid = 15101402 |pmc =1809981}}</ref>
<ref name=agga2007>{{Cite journal | last1 = Aggarwal | first1 = R. K. | last2 = Kivisild | first2 = T. | last3 = Ramadevi | first3 = J. | last4 = Singh | first4 = L. | title = Mitochondrial DNA coding region sequences support the phylogenetic distinction of two Indian wolf species | doi = 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2006.00400.x | journal = [[Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research]] |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=163–172 |year=2007 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
<ref name=spotte2012>{{cite book|last1=Spotte|first1=S. |title=Societies of Wolves and Free-ranging Dogs|publisher=Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK|year=2012|chapter=1-What makes a wolf?|page=4|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-EQhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA4|isbn=978-1-107-01519-7}}</ref>
}}

==External links==
{{Wikispecies|Canis lupus pallipes}}
{{Commons category|Canis lupus pallipes}}
* [https://www.banglanews24.com/climate-nature/news/bd/720406.details Wolf killed in the] [[Bengal]]i [[Sundarbans]] (in [[Bengali language|Bengali]])

{{grey wolf subspecies}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q855921}}

[[Category:Mammals of India]]
[[Category:Mammals of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Mammals of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Mammals of South Asia]]
[[Category:Mammals of the Middle East|Wolf, Indian]]
[[Category:Subspecies of Canis lupus]]
[[Category:Wolves]]
[[Category:Mammals described in 1831]]

Pasakiligal

2026-04-28T23:54:22Z

ShereeScotto4: Adding first details w/ sources - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| image =
| caption = Title card
| director = Amirtham
| producer = [[Rama Narayanan]]
| writer = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| starring = [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]] [[Murali (Tamil actor)|Murali]] [[Navya Nair]] [[Vineeth]]
| music = [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]] (songs) [[Sabesh–Murali]] (score)
| cinematography = [[M. V. Panneerselvam]]
| editing = Rajkeerthi
| studio = [[Sri Thenandal Films]]
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2006|01|15}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Pasakiligal''''' ({{translation|Affectionate Parrots}}) is a 2006 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] directed by Amirtham and written by [[M. Karunanidhi]]. It stars [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]], [[Murali (Tamil actor)|Murali]], [[Navya Nair]], and [[Vineeth]], while [[Roja Selvamani|Roja]], [[Vadivelu]], [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]], [[Kalabhavan Mani]], [[Malavika (actress)|Malavika]], and [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]] play supporting roles.

==Plot==
Sethupathy ([[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]]) and his young brother Sevathayya ([[Murali (Tamil actor)|Murali]]) are fond of their only sister, Maragadham ([[Navya Nair]]), who lives in Melur village. Vairaghya Bhoopathy ([[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]]) is the chief of the neighboring village Aalur, and the two families have been rivals for generations. But Maragadham falls for Nallarasu ([[Vineeth]]), Bhoopathy's brother. Then comes Alakalan ([[Kalabhavan Mani]]), a schemer who wants to marry Maragadham. Both the brothers humiliate him and send him back. He ends up marrying Bhoopathy's sister Angayarkanni ([[Roja Selvamani|Roja]]) but manages to create an enmity between the two families. Meanwhile, a dancer ([[Malavika (actress)|Malavika]]) falls in love with Sethupathy. Alakalan has an eye on her as well. A turn of events results in Bhoopathy's suicide. Now, Nallarasu takes revenge on Sethupathy, who was responsible for his brother's death, so he marries Maragadham only to torture her. The rest of the film is about how Sethupathy and Sevathayya reveal Alakalan's true colors, and as predicted, all comes to a happy ending.

==Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]] as Sethupathy
* [[Murali (Tamil actor)|Murali]] as Sevathayya
* [[Navya Nair]] as Maragadham
* [[Vineeth]] as Nallarasu
* [[Roja Selvamani|Roja]] as Angayarkanni
* [[Vadivelu]] as Thandavan
* [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as Vairaghya Bhoopathy
* [[Kalabhavan Mani]] as Alakalan
* [[Malavika (actress)|Malavika]]
* [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]]
* [[Singamuthu]]
* [[Halwa Vasu]]
}}
==Production==
The filming was held in Chennai, Karaikudi, and Madurai. A song featuring Vineeth and Navya was shot at Ramoji Film City, while a song featuring Prabhu and Malavika was picturised at Badami, Belur, and Halabedu. The introductory song of Navya Nair was picturised at falls at Chalakudy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=10 October 2005 |title=Pasakiligal |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Onlocation/2005/10pasakiligal.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060904203423/http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Onlocation/2005/10pasakiligal.asp |archive-date=4 September 2006 |access-date=17 July 2024 |website=Chennai Online}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Pasa Kiligal
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 8 January 2006
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[World Music]]
| length =
| label =
| producer = Vidyasagar
| prev_title = [[Aathi]]
| prev_year = 2006
| next_title = [[Thambi (2006 film)|Thambi]]
| next_year = 2006
}}
[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]] composed the music for the film.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pasa Kiligal (2006) |url=https://mio.to/album/Pasa+Kiligal+%282006%29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151229062405/http://mio.to/album/Pasa+Kiligal+%282006%29 |archive-date=29 December 2015 |access-date=6 March 2019 |website=MusicIndiaOnline}}</ref> The audio was launched at Kamala Theatre.<ref>{{cite web |date=27 December 2005 |title=‘Pasakiligal’ music release – with pics |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/27122005-6.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061018041700/http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/27122005-6.shtml |archive-date=18 October 2006 |access-date=21 July 2024 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref>

*"Aruviyoda" - [[K. S. Chithra]]
*"Thendral Ennum" - [[Madhu Balakrishnan]]
*"Thangai Endra" - [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]], [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]], Manorama
*"Meesai Mutham" - Tippu, Sujatha
*"Karutha Machan" - Manikka Vinayagam, Srilekha

==Reception==
Malini Mannath of ''Chennai Online'' wrote, "There's nothing new or exciting about the script (Kalaignar Karunanidhi), narration or performance. It's like you're watching a couple of decades old film. Further, the narrative style is stagey, the camera almost static, the actors at most times standing in front of the camera and delivering their lines to it, apprehensive of moving away even an inch lest they go out of the frame!"<ref>{{cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=23 January 2006 |title=Pasakiligal |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Moviereviews/2006/01pasakiligal.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061014121450/http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Moviereviews/2006/01pasakiligal.asp |archive-date=14 October 2006 |access-date=14 March 2022 |website=Chennai Online}}</ref> ''[[Sify]]'' wrote, "Pasakilikal is a dreary, drab old fashioned tale which would have worked in [the] 60’s or 70’s".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pasakilikal |url=http://sify.com/movies/tamil/review.php?id=14124250&ctid=5&cid=2429 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060310025449/http://sify.com/movies/tamil/review.php?id=14124250&ctid=5&cid=2429 |archive-date=2006-03-10 |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2006 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2006 drama films]]
[[Category:2006 films]]
[[Category:2006 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vidyasagar (composer)]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by M. Karunanidhi]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Macarton Nickson

2026-04-27T14:12:42Z

ShereeScotto4:

{{short description|Indian footballer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Macarton Nickson
| image =
| caption =
| full_name = Macarton Louis Nickson
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2004|03|19|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Karnataka]], India
| height =
| position = [[Midfielder#Defensive midfielder|Defensive Midfielder]]
| currentclub = [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]
| clubnumber = 15
| youthyears1 = 2012
| youthclubs1 = Root FC (Bengaluru)
| youthyears2 = 2013–2021
| youthclubs2 = [[Bengaluru FC]]
| youthyears3 = 2023–2024
| youthclubs3 = [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]
| years1 = 2021–2022
| clubs1 = [[Indian Arrows]]
| caps1 = 3
| goals1 = 0
| years2 = 2022–2023
| clubs2 = [[FC Bengaluru United|Bengaluru United]]
| caps2 = 9
| goals2 = 0
| years3 = 2023–
| clubs3 = [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]
| caps3 = 35
| goals3 = 2
| nationalyears1 = 2025–
| nationalteam1 = [[India national under-23 football team|India U23]]
| nationalcaps1 = 5
| nationalgoals1 = 0
| nationalyears2 = 2025–
| nationalteam2 = [[India national football team|India]]
| nationalcaps2 = 2
| nationalgoals2 = 0

| club-update = 17:38, 23 March 2025 (UTC)
| nationalteam-update = 15:52, 18 November 2025 (UTC)
}}
'''Macarton Louis Nickson''' (born 19 March 2004) is an Indian professional [[Association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[Midfielder#Defensive midfielder|defensive midfielder]] for the [[Indian Super League]] club [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]].<ref name="Nickson1">{{cite web |title=Macarton Louis Nickson |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/56802?type=club |website=www.the-aiff.com |access-date=22 March 2025}}</ref>

==Club career==
Nickson started playing football at the age of six with Root FC, based in [[Bengaluru]]. He then joined [[Bengaluru FC]]’s youth academy where he played for eight years. At the age of seventeen, he was called up in the squad of [[Indian Arrows]] for the [[2020–21 I-League]], then top-flight league of Indian football. He played few matches for the Arrows before moving to [[FC Bengaluru United|Bengaluru United]] for the [[2022–23 I-League 2nd Division|2022–23 I-League 2]], then third division of Indian football.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dias |first1=Anil |title=Days after his 21st birthday Macarton Nickson receives his first India call-up by Manolo Marquez |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/macarton-nickson-receives-his-first-india-call-up-by-manolo-marquez-9899888/ |access-date=1 April 2025 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323220005/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/macarton-nickson-receives-his-first-india-call-up-by-manolo-marquez-9899888/ |archive-date=23 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Marquez hands maiden call-up for NEUFC midfielder Macarton ahead of Bangladesh clash |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/who-is-macarton-louis-nickson-india-call-up-vs-bangladesh-afc-asian-cup-qualifer-northeast-united-midfielder/article69360882.ece |access-date=22 March 2025 |work=[[Sportstar]] |publisher=[[The Hindu]] |date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250322200954/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/who-is-macarton-louis-nickson-india-call-up-vs-bangladesh-afc-asian-cup-qualifer-northeast-united-midfielder/article69360882.ece |archive-date=22 March 2025}}</ref>
===NorthEast United===
For the [[2023–24 in Indian football|2023–24 season]] he joined [[Indian Super League]] club [[NorthEast United FC]] as a defensive midfielder. He won the [[2024 Durand Cup]] with NorthEast United.<ref>{{cite news |title=Macarton Louis Nickson receives maiden call-up ahead of Bangladesh match |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/sports/macarton-louis-nickson-receives-maiden-call-up-ahead-of-bangladesh-match-1503410739.html |access-date=22 March 2025 |work=[[The Statesman (India)]] |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]] |date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250322203446/https://www.thestatesman.com/sports/macarton-louis-nickson-receives-maiden-call-up-ahead-of-bangladesh-match-1503410739.html |archive-date=22 March 2025}}</ref>

==International career==
On 22 March 2025, the then [[India national football team|India national team]] head coach [[Manolo Márquez]] announced Nickson's inclusion in the squad for the third round of [[2027 AFC Asian Cup qualification – third round|AFC Asian Cup qualification]] matches.<ref>{{cite news |title=NorthEast United midfielder Macarton Louis Nickson added to Indian football squad |url=https://www.ptinews.com/story/sports/northeast-united-midfielder-macarton-louis-nickson-added-to-indian-football-squad/2395297 |access-date=1 April 2025 |work=[[Press Trust of India]] |date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250401074637/https://www.ptinews.com/story/sports/northeast-united-midfielder-macarton-louis-nickson-added-to-indian-football-squad/2395297 |archive-date=1 April 2025}}</ref>
==Career statistics==
===Club===
{{updated|match played on 30 March 2025}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
|-
!rowspan="2"|Club
!rowspan="2"|Season
!colspan="3"|League
!colspan="2"|[[Super Cup (India)|Super Cup]]
!colspan="2"|[[Durand Cup]]
!colspan="2"|Continental
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goal
|-
|[[Indian Arrows]]
|[[2020–21 Indian Arrows season|2021–22]]
|[[I-League]]
|3||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||3||0
|-
|[[FC Bengaluru United |Bengaluru United]]
|[[2022–23 I-League 2nd Division|2022–23]]
|[[I-League 2]]
|9||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||9||0
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]
|[[2023–24 NorthEast United FC season|2023–24]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Indian Super League]]
|14||0||3||0||0||0||0||0||17||0
|-
|[[2024–25 NorthEast United FC season|2024–25]]
|21||2||0||0||3||0||0||0||24||2
|-
!colspan="3"|Career total
!47!!2!!3!!0!!3!!0!!0!!0!!53!!2
|}

{{notelist}}

=== International ===
{{updated|18 November 2025}}<ref name="NFTprofile">{{NFT|101275}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals
|-
| rowspan="1" |[[India national football team|India]]
|2025||2||0
|-
! colspan="2" |Total!!2!!0
|}

== Personal life ==
Nickson was born on 19 March 2004, in Karnataka, India.<ref name="Nickson1"/> He is the son of [[Louis Nickson]], a former India international football player.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sunam |first1=Ashim |title=Bengaluru lad Macarton's dream comes true |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/bluru-lad-macartons-dream-comes-true/articleshow/119379066.cms |access-date=1 April 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=23 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323144442/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/bluru-lad-macartons-dream-comes-true/articleshow/119379066.cms |archive-date=23 March 2025}}</ref> Nickson did his schooling from Bengaluru based St. Joseph's Indian Primary School.<ref>{{cite web |title=Josephite - Famous Personalities: Macarton Nickson |url=https://sjips.org/macarton.php |access-date=1 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240723123841/https://sjips.org/macarton.php |archive-date=23 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Josephite Hall of Fame |url=https://www.sjips.org/halloffame.php|access-date=1 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241104150006/https://www.sjips.org/halloffame.php |archive-date=4 November 2024}}</ref>

==Honours==

'''NorthEast United'''
* [[Durand Cup]]: [[2024 Durand Cup|2024]], [[2025 Durand Cup|2025]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal bar|India|Association football|Biography}}
* [https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/56802?type=club Macarton Nickson] at AIFF
* {{Soccerway|820463}}

{{NorthEast United FC squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nickson, Macarton}}
[[Category:2004 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:India men's international footballers]]
[[Category:India men's youth international footballers]]
[[Category:Men's association football midfielders]]
[[Category:NorthEast United FC players]]
[[Category:Indian Super League players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]

Froilano Machado

2026-04-27T01:11:00Z

ShereeScotto4: created basic data from scratch

{{Short description|Indian politician, lawyer and freedom fighter (1925–2008)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Froilano Machado
| image = Froilano Machado.jpg
| image_size = 150px
| caption = Official portrait in 1977
| birth_name = Froilano Carmelino da Rocha Machado
| birth_place = [[Vasco da Gama, Goa|Vasco da Gama]], [[Goa]], [[Portuguese India]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1925|11|22|df=y}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2008|4|24|1925|11|22|df=y}}
| death_place = Goa, India
| office2 = [[Goa Legislative Assembly|Member of Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly]]
| office1 = [[List of speakers of the Goa, Daman & Diu Legislative Assembly|Speaker]] of [[Goa, Daman & Diu Legislative Assembly]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress (U)]] (1980–1984)
| term_start2 = 1977
| term_end2 = 1984
| term_start1 = 21 January 1980
| term_end1 = 22 March 1984
| profession = {{hlist|[[Advocate]]|[[social worker]]}}
| constituency2 = [[Cortalim Assembly constituency|Cortalim]]
| predecessor2 = [[Luis Proto Barbosa]]
| alma_mater = {{plainlist|
* [[St. Xavier's College, Mumbai]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]])
* [[Bombay University]]}}
| children = 5
| spouse = Sara (Sarita) Souza
| successor2 = Luis Proto Barbosa
| predecessor1 = [[Narayan Fugro]]
| successor1 = [[Dayanand Narvekar]]
| website = {{URL|www.machadogoa.com}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Politician|writer|poet|freedom fighter|businessperson}}
}}

'''Froilano Carmelino da Rocha Machado''' (22 November 1925 – 24 April 2008)<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 April 2008 |title=Former Goa Assembly speaker Adv Froilano Machado passes away |url=https://www.oneindia.com/2008/04/24/former-goa-assembly-speaker-adv-froilano-machado-passes-away-1209095380.html}}</ref> was an Indian politician, [[advocate]], freedom fighter, businessman, writer, poet<ref>{{Cite news |title=Of Nag people, birds and a football ground - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/of-nag-people-birds-and-a-football-ground/articleshow/57880967.cms |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=The Times of India |date=29 March 2017 |language=en}}</ref> and social worker who was a former member of the [[Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly]] representing the [[Cortalim Assembly constituency]] from 1977 to 1984. He served as the [[Goa Legislative Assembly#List of speakers|speaker]] of the Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly from 1980 to 1984.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Goa Legislative Assembly {{!}} Former Speakers |url=https://www.goavidhansabha.gov.in/former-speakers.php |access-date=2022-10-20 |website=www.goavidhansabha.gov.in}}</ref> He was noted for his contributions in the [[Goa Liberation Movement]] and [[Konkani language|Konkani]] language.

==Personal life==
[[File:Froilano Machado Residence.jpg|thumb|Machado's residence, Solar Machado]]
Froilano Machado was born in [[Vasco da Gama, Goa|Vasco da Gama]]. His native village was [[Nagoa]] de [[Verna, Goa|Verna]]. Machado completed his [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree at [[St. Xavier's College, Mumbai|St. Xavier's College]] at [[Bombay]] (now [[Mumbai]]). He later did his higher studies in entrepreneurship at [[Bombay University]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Goa Legislative Assembly |url=https://www.goavidhansabha.gov.in/member_detail.php?mem_id=149 |access-date=2022-10-20 |website=www.goavidhansabha.gov.in}}</ref> Machado was married to Sara (Sarita) Souza, the couple had three sons and two daughters.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Goan Voice UK: Newsletter. Issue 2008-18. May. 01, 2008 |url=http://www.goanvoice.org.uk/newsletter/2008/May/issue1/ |access-date=2022-11-02 |website=www.goanvoice.org.uk}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.goanvoice.org.uk/newsletter/2008/May/issue1/ The Goan Voice Deaths]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Machado, Froilano}}
[[Category:1925 births]]
[[Category:2008 deaths]]
[[Category:Goa, Daman and Diu MLAs 1977–1980]]
[[Category:Goa, Daman and Diu MLAs 1980–1984]]
[[Category:Speakers of the Goa Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:People from South Goa district]]

Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam

2026-04-26T16:51:33Z

ShereeScotto4: made the data w/ sources - done

{{short description|Indian charitable society}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox organization
| image =
| caption = The S.N.D.P Yogam Head office, Kollam.
| formation = {{Start date|df=yes|1903|05|15}}
| extinction =
| type = Social equality promoting organisation
| status =
| purpose =
| headquarters = [[Kollam]]
| language = [[Malayalam]]
| leader_title = Life time Chairman
| leader_name = [[Sree Narayana Guru]]
| parent_organization = Vavoottu Yogam
| affiliations =
| remarks =
| name = Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam
| abbreviation = SNDP
| founder = Dr. [[Padmanabhan Palpu]]
| location = [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| region_served =
| num_members =
| num_staff =
| num_volunteers =
| website = [http://www.sndpyogam.co.in/ sndpyogam.co.in]
}}

[[Image:Narayana Guru.jpg|thumb|Narayana Guru]]
{{Renaissance of Kerala}}

'''Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam''' (ശ്രീനാരായണ ധർമ്മ പരിപാലന യോഗം), commonly known as '''S.N.D.P. Yogam''' (എസ്.എൻ.ഡി.പി. യോഗം), is a foundational social service organisation in [[Kerala]], India. Officially registered under the Companies Act on 15 May 1903,<ref name="SalimRajan2024">{{cite journal |last1=Sajna Salim |last2=Remmiya Rajan |first1=P. |year=2024 |title=The Reform Agenda of Sree Narayana Movement: A Special Study of Guru's Discourses on Education, Employment and Entrepreneurship |journal=Sparkling International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Studies |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=21–30}}</ref> it was founded by [[Dr. Padmanabhan Palpu]]. The social reformer [[Sree Narayana Guru]] served as its first and lifelong chairman, while the poet [[Kumaranasan]] was its first secretary.

The establishment of the Yogam marked the first organised effort for social equality in Kerala and played a pivotal role in the state's renaissance. Its primary objectives were to propagate Guru's ideals, guide oppressed communities towards social and spiritual advancement, and establish educational institutions and monasteries. The organisation grew out of the Vavoottu Yogam, a committee managing the [[Aruvippuram|Aruvippuram temple]] founded by Guru.<ref name="SalimRajan2024" /><ref name="Dheeshma2017">{{cite journal |last1=Dheeshma |first1=K. |year=2017 |title=Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam (SNDP) and its Socio-Cultural Revolution in Kerala |url=https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/publication/2017/10/arts-science-and-humanities/Volume5Issue2-46-53.pdf |journal=Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=46–53}}</ref>

Today, the SNDP Yogam is a powerful and influential organisation with a significant presence in Kerala's social and political spheres. Its influence extends globally, with members and branches in the [[Gulf countries]], the [[United States]], the [[United Kingdom]], [[Canada]], and [[Australia]].

==Sree Narayana Trust==
The Sree Narayana Trust was founded by the SNDP Yogam to start, and manage educational, social, and economical institutions with the vision of [[Narayana Guru]]. Combined both the Yogam and the Trust present annual budgets of about ₹2,000,000,000 ([[Indian rupee|INR]] 200 [[crore]] or US$24 million).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Daily |first=Keralakaumudi |title=76.98 cr budget for SNDP yogam |url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=77387&u=76.98-cr-budget-for-sndp-yogam-77387 |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=Keralakaumudi Daily |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-08-29 |title=Rs 86 cr budget for SN Trust |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kozhikode/rs-86-cr-budget-for-sn-trust/articleshow/53915583.cms |access-date=2023-07-20 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Currently, the organization runs several educational institutes, hospitals, and other institutions.

== Mission ==
The SNDP Yogam is based on the principles and philosophy of Narayana Guru. Guru devoted his life to working against the social and economical inequality, casteism, and superstitions in the Kerala society. The Yogam has the moral responsibility and the social duty to model the Sree Narayana dharmas.

== History ==
SNDP was founded in 1903 by [[Padmanabhan Palpu]] with the guidance and blessings of Narayana Guru. SNDP was the first organization to envisage [[Kerala]] as a whole.

Vavoottu Yogam expanded and formed an organization known as Aruvippuram Kshetra Yogam. The Aruvippuram Temple Society, known as Vavoottu Yogam emerged in 1888.

During the 1890s, there was an oppressive caste system in Kerala. Palpu started working towards ensuring the rights of the then identified backward communities. With the 1891 Malayali Memorial Revolt, he took the leadership of the then oppressed community named [[Ezhava]], and attempted to begin an organization called Ezhava Sabha. In 1896, he created the organization's by-laws and published the law in Malayali, a newspaper published from Thankussery. He organized a few meetings at Paravur and [[Mayyanad]], before the movement failed.

On 7 January 1903, a special meeting of Aruvippuram Kshetra Yogam was conducted. They decided to enlarge the organization to support the progress of all backward communities religiously and materially. Thus, on 15 May 1903, with Narayana Guru as its president, Aruvippuram Kshetra Yogam was registered as Aruvippuram Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam according to the Indian Companies Act, No. 6, 1882.

The Sree Bhavaneeswara temple, dedicated to [[Shiva]], was consecrated by Guru on 8 March 1916 (24 ''Kumbham'' 1091 [[Malayalam calendar|M.E.]]). After the ceremony, he laid the foundation stone for the Lower Primary School under the SNDP.

== List of presidents ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of SNDP Yogam presidents<ref>{{citation |url=https://sreenarayana.com/sndp-general-secretaries-and-presidents/ |title=List of SNDP Presidents |work=sreenarayana.com |location=India |date=2024-01-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002134629/https://sreenarayana.com/sndp-general-secretaries-and-presidents/ |accessdate=2024-01-13 |archivedate=2023-10-02 }}</ref>
|-
! No !! Name !! Years
|-
| 1 || Narayana Guru || 1903–1928
|-
| 2 || Madavan Vydyar|| 1929–1933
|-
| 3 || C. Krishnan || 1933–1938
|-
| 4 || M. Govindan || 1939–1940
|-
|5 || K. Ayyappan || 1940–1943
|-
|6 || V. K. Panikkar || 1943–1944
|-
|7 || V. K. Velayudan || 1944–1945
|-
|8 || M. Govindan || 1945–1951
|-
|9 || P. N. Narayanan || 1951–1953
|-
|10 || K. Sukumaran || 1953–1954
|-
|11 || R. Sankar || 1954–1956
|-
|12 || V. G. Sukumaran || 1956–1960
|-
|13 || K. I. Velayudan || 1960–1961
|-
|14 || M. Achuthan || 1961–1966
|-
|15 || C. R. Kesavan Vydyar || 1966–1970
|-
|16 || Administrator rule || 1970–1971
|-
|17 || K. T. Achuthan ||1971–1973
|-
|18 || N. Sreenivasan || 1973–1978
|-
|19 || P. S. Velayudan || 1978–1982
|-
|20 || M. K. Ragavan || 1982–1988
|-
|21 || K. K. Viswanathan ||1988–1992
|-
|22 || K. G. Sreenivasa Panickar ||1992
|-
|23 || K. K. Rahulan || 1992–1996
|-
|24 || A. S. Prathapsingh ||1996–1999
|-
|25 || C. K. Vidhyasagar || 1999–2006
|-
|26 || K. Kamalasanan ||2006
|-
|27 || M. B. Sreekumar || 2006–2007
|-
|28 || M. N. Soman || 2007–
|}

== List of General Secretaries ==
The following is a chronological list of the General Secretaries of [[Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana]] (SNDP) Yogam since its registration in 1903.<ref name="SNDPHistory">{{cite news |last=Sukumaran |first=K. |title=History of SNDP Yogam |url=https://www.sndp.org |access-date=2026-02-24 |work=SNDP Yogam Official Records |language=en}}</ref><ref name="BioData">{{cite web |title=Biographical Data of SNDP Leaders |url=https://www.snaofna.org/index.php/biographical-data/ |website=Sree Narayana Association |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! No. !! Name !! Tenure
|-
| 1 || [[Kumaran Asan]] || 1903–1915
|-
| 2 || N. Krishnan || 1915–1916
|-
| 3 || [[Kumaran Asan]] || 1916–1919
|-
| 4 || N. Kumaran || 1919–1927
|-
| 5 || [[C. V. Kunhiraman]] || 1927–1929
|-
| 6 || M. Govindan || 1929–1930
|-
| 7 || K. Narayanan || 1930–1931
|-
| 8 || [[C. V. Kunhiraman]] || 1931–1932
|-
| 9 || K. M. Keshavan || 1932–1933
|-
| 10 || [[C. Kesavan]] || 1933–1935
|-
| 11 || Thazhava Kesavan || 1935–1936
|-
| 12 || V. K. Velayudhan || 1936–1941
|-
| 13 || K. N. Kunju Krishnan || 1941–1942
|-
| 14 || V. K. Velayudhan || 1942–1944
|-
| 15 || [[R. Sankar]] || 1944–1954
|-
| 16 || K. Karthikeyan || 1954–1956
|-
| 17 || [[R. Sankar]] || 1956–1957
|-
| 18 || K. R. Narayanan || 1957–1961
|-
| 19 || K. M. Raghavan || 1961–1970
|-
| 20 || Mankuzhi Madhavan || 1971–1973
|-
| 21 || Prof. P. S. Velayudhan || 1973–1978
|-
| 22 || P. S. Prathap Singh || 1978–1982
|-
| 23 || K. Gopinadhan || 1982–1985
|-
| 24 || A. S. Prathap Singh || 1985–1992
|-
| 25 || K. Gopinadhan || 1992–1996
|-
| 26 || [[Vellappally Natesan]] || 1996–2026
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==See also==
* [[List of Ezhavas]]
* [[Sivagiri, Kerala]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://sndpyogam.in/sndp Sree Dharma Paripalana Yogam website]

{{coord missing|Kerala}}
{{Narayana Guru}}

[[Category:Anti-caste movements]]
[[Category:Charities based in India]]
[[Category:Hindu relief organizations]]
[[Category:Hindu organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Hindu new religious movements]]
[[Category:Narayana Guru]]
[[Category:Ezhava]]
[[Category:Religious organizations established in 1903]]
[[Category:1903 establishments in India]]

Shashi Tharoor's Oxford Union speech

2026-04-22T18:21:00Z

ShereeScotto4: made initial entry nd citations - done

{{Short description|2015 speech}}
{{good article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
[[File:UnionBuildingsDebateChamber.jpg|thumb|The [[Oxford Union]] debating chamber|alt=]]

During a debate at the [[Oxford Union]] on 28 May 2015, the Indian [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]], diplomat and writer [[Shashi Tharoor]] delivered a speech supporting the motion "Britain owes [[Reparations (transitional justice)|reparations]] to her former colonies". Tharoor was the seventh speaker in the debate, the final speaker from the proposition, and spoke for about fifteen minutes. While criticising the opposition, he argued that [[British Raj|British colonial rule]] damaged the [[Economy of India|Indian economy]].

Tharoor began his speech by arguing that the [[Economic history of the United Kingdom|economic progress of Britain]] from the 18th-century onwards was financed by the economic exploitation and [[De-industrialisation of India|de-industrialisation]] of British India. He cited other negative effects of colonial rule on India, such as [[Famine in India|famines]] and the mandatory contribution of Indians toward the British war effort during the [[World War I|First]] and [[World War II|Second World Wars]]. Tharoor argued that supposed benefits of British colonialism, such as [[Rail transport in India|railways]] and [[Politics of India|democracy]], were either constructed for the purposes of furthering economic exploitation or devised by Indians themselves. He ended his speech by suggesting that Britain pay one [[pound sterling]] ''per annum'' for the next two centuries as symbolic reparation. The side in favour of the motion won, with 185 votes to 56.

Once the debate was uploaded onto [[YouTube]], Tharoor's speech went viral, especially in India.{{Efn|As of August 2021, the video had nearly 8.3 million views on the official [[Oxford Union]] YouTube channel.<ref name=":13" />}} The Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]]'s brief comments on the debate were seen as endorsing reparations from the British by some commentators. Several responses to the speech were subsequently published; these included charges of hypocrisy and criticism of Tharoor's claims. Tharoor wrote the non-fiction work ''[[Inglorious Empire|Inglorious Empire: What the British Did to India]]'' (2017), expanding upon the arguments in his speech.

== Background ==

=== Oxford Union Society ===
[[File:Oxford Union (debating chamber) 20040228.png|thumb|The Oxford Union debating chamber, built in 1878,<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|date=April 2015|title=Case Study: Oxford Union Debating Chamber|url=https://www.soundtech.co.uk/case-studies/oxford-union-debating-chamber|access-date=2021-08-04|website=www.soundtech.co.uk|publisher=Sound Technology|quote=The Chamber itself was designed by Alfred Waterhouse in 1878 [...] With a seating capacity of 450...}}</ref> is a "free-standing" building,<ref>{{cite web|date=6 December 2019|title=The Oxford Union|url=https://www.oxfordscholastica.com/blog/the-oxford-union/|access-date=3 August 2021|website=Oxford Scholastica Academy}}</ref> with a seating capacity of 450.<ref name=":5" />]]

The [[Oxford Union|Oxford Union Society]], commonly referred to as the Oxford Union or the Union, was formed in 1823 as a debating society in [[Oxford|Oxford, England]].<ref name=":14">{{Cite journal|last=Engel|first=Arthur|date=1980|title=Political Education in Oxford 1823-1914|journal=History of Education Quarterly|volume=20|issue=3|page=266|doi=10.2307/367897|jstor=367897 |s2cid=153614615 |issn=0018-2680}}</ref> Life membership is paid-for and restricted to students and alumni at the [[University of Oxford]],<ref>[https://www.oxford-union.org/joining/join "Become a member"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927010637/https://www.oxford-union.org/joining/join |date=27 September 2021 }}, ''[[Oxford Union]]''. Retrieved 10 August 2021.</ref> though students at [[Oxford Brookes University]] and several other educational institutions in the city can pay for membership for the duration of their studies.<ref>Dominic Brind, ''[https://www.oxford-union.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/Brind%2012.11.19-1.pdf The Rules, Standing Orders, and Special Schedules of the Oxford Union Society] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810084110/https://www.oxford-union.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/Brind%2012.11.19-1.pdf |date=10 August 2021 }}'' (Oxford: Oxford Union Society, 2019), p. 170.</ref> Though most students purchase life membership upon arriving at the university, few regularly attend debates; the society has been described as not figuring "very prominently in the life of the average Oxford [[Undergraduate education|undergraduate]]".<ref name=":15">{{Cite web|last=Burkeman|first=Oliver|author-link=Oliver Burkeman|date=2007-11-28|title=Why does anyone care about the Oxford Union?|url=http://www.theguardian.com/education/2007/nov/28/studentpolitics.students|access-date=2021-08-03|website=The Guardian}}</ref>

Soon after its foundation, members realised that debating popular and controversial topics would help to ensure the society's survival. One of the most significant debates concerned the motion "That the present ministry is incompetent to carry on the government of the country". Taking place in 1831, it established the Union's reputation for engaging with topical political issues and nurturing the oratorical skills of future politicians; a young [[William Ewart Gladstone]] was offered a seat in parliament because of his performance in that debate. During the 19th and early 20th century, the national press often reported on controversial Union debates,<ref name=":14" /> most prominently the [[King and Country debate|"King and Country" debate]] of 1933. Despite concerns over the society's elitism, in 2007 ''[[The Guardian]]'' noted that "if most students care little about the Union ... the rest of the world certainly does, and always has done".<ref name=":15" /> It continues to attract a diverse range of speakers, including politicians, singers, sportspersons, scientists and actors.<ref>*{{Cite magazine |author=Matt Vasilogambros |date=2014-03-13|title=The Debating Society That Gives Larry Flynt, John Edwards, and Michele Bachmann a Voice|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/03/the-debating-society-that-gives-larry-flynt-john-edwards-and-michele-bachmann-a-voice/437511/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=2021-08-08|magazine=The Atlantic|language=en|quote=Winston Churchill, Mother Teresa, Ronald Reagan, and the Dalai Lama [...] Larry Flynt... Jerry Springer... Tommy Wiseau...}}
*{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=2020-07-10|title=Mamata Banerjee invited to speak at Oxford Union debate next year|work=Business Standard India|agency=Press Trust of India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/mamata-banerjee-invited-to-speak-at-oxford-union-debate-next-year-120071000005_1.html|access-date=2021-08-08|quote=...list of speakers included US presidents Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher, scientist Albert Einstein, spiritual leader the Dalai Lama, singer Michael Jackson and actor Morgan Freeman.}}
*{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2011-10-10|title=10 Unlikely Oxford Union Speakers|url=https://www.stylist.co.uk/people/10-unlikely-oxford-union-speakers/13301|access-date=2021-08-08|website=Stylist|quote=[...] MC Hammer... The Cheeky Girls... Anna Wintour}}
*{{Cite web|last=Ffrench|first=Andrew|date=26 November 2020|title=The day Maradona visited Oxford|url=https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/18900807.maradona-visited-oxford-union-spoke-love-football/|access-date=2021-08-08|website=Oxford Mail}}</ref>

=== Shashi Tharoor ===
[[File:Dr. Shashi Tharoor delivering a Talk on “Terrorism Mumbai and After”, as part of the Lecture Series for Members of Parliament, organised by the Bureau of Parliamentary Studies and Training (BPST), in New Delhi.jpg|thumb|right|Tharoor in 2008]]

[[Shashi Tharoor]] is an Indian politician, diplomat and writer who serves as a [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]] in the [[Lok Sabha|House of the People]] of the [[Parliament of India|Indian Parliament]],<ref name=":2" /> having formerly been the [[Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations|Under-Secretary General of the United Nations]].<ref name=":12" /> In an interview with [[Elle (India)|''Elle'']] in 2017, Tharoor described his debating career at [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi|St. Stephen's College, University of Delhi]]; participating in debates from his first year onwards, he said that he went to compete at [[Hindu College, Delhi|Hindu College]], [[Lady Shri Ram College]] and the [[Delhi School of Economics]].<ref name=":11" /> Also a best-selling author, he wrote a quiz for ''[[BuzzFeed]]'' in which readers were able to test their vocabulary against his.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Stacey|first=Kiran|date=22 March 2018|title=Shashi Tharoor: the writer who believes Britain should pay colonial reparations|url=https://www.ft.com/content/e74fd646-285d-11e8-b27e-cc62a39d57a0|access-date=2021-08-05|website=Financial Times}}</ref>

=== Motion and speakers ===
A debate was organised at the Union in 2015, with the motion being "This house believes Britain owes reparations to her former colonies", with the premise:<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Bolton|first=Doug|date=22 July 2015|title=Dr Shashi Tharoor tells the Oxford Union why Britain owes reparations for colonising India in viral speech|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/dr-shashi-tharoor-tells-the-oxford-union-why-britain-owes-reparations-for-colonising-india-in-viral-10407997.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610171142/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/dr-shashi-tharoor-tells-the-oxford-union-why-britain-owes-reparations-for-colonising-india-in-viral-10407997.html|archive-date=10 June 2020|access-date=14 May 2020|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref>

{{Blockquote|text=We have recently seen former colonies demanding reparations for centuries of abuse: from the Mau Mau survivors in Kenya to descendants of slaves in the Caribbean. David Cameron made controversial remarks on the issue in Amritsar; William Hague said outright that there should be no post-colonial guilt; and Ken Livingstone gave a heartfelt apology for London's role in the slave trade. Do British politicians owe more than just their words?|author=|title=|source=Trinity 2015 Termbook, pg 16<ref name=":0" />}}

Guests invited to speak for the proposition included the Jamaican politician [[Aloun Ndombet-Assamba]], Ghanaian economist [[George Ayittey]]{{Efn|Not present.}} and Tharoor.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite magazine|last=Iyengar|first=Rishi|date=23 July 2015|title=Indian MP Tharoor on Why Britain Owes India Reparations|url=https://time.com/3969097/shashi-tharoor-oxford-union-debate-reparations-india-britain/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610194150/https://time.com/3969097/shashi-tharoor-oxford-union-debate-reparations-india-britain/|archive-date=10 June 2020|access-date=16 May 2020|magazine=Time|language=en}}</ref> The opposition included the English politician [[Richard Ottaway|Sir Richard Ottaway]], Scottish historian [[John M. MacKenzie]] and American historian [[William Roger Louis]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2015|title=Oxford Union Trinity 2015 Termcard|url=https://issuu.com/oxfordunion/docs/trinity_2015_termcard/16|access-date=17 May 2020|website=|pages=16, 17|language=en|via=Issuu}}</ref> Student speakers included Henna Dattani and Ssuuna Golooba-Mutebi (for the proposition), and Alpha Lee (against the proposition).<ref name=":17">{{Cite web|last=Akinradewo|first=Ruth|date=1 June 2015|title=Oxford Union finds Britain should pay slavery reparations|url=https://archive.voice-online.co.uk/article/oxford-union-finds-britain-should-pay-slavery-reparations|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227070549/https://archive.voice-online.co.uk/article/oxford-union-finds-britain-should-pay-slavery-reparations|archive-date=27 February 2021|access-date=2021-08-03|website=archive.voice-online.co.uk|publisher=The Voice}}</ref> Tharoor was the seventh speaker in the debate, the final speaker from the proposition, and was allotted eight minutes to make his speech.{{Efn|Despite this, he spoke for roughly seven more minutes than was allotted.<ref name=":9">{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=2015-07-23|title=Modi praises Shashi Tharoor's speech demanding reparations from Britain|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/india-britain-reparation-idINKCN0PX24D20150723|access-date=2021-08-03|quote=...The 15-minute video of the speech...}}</ref>}}<ref name=":17" /> The debate was scheduled to be held on 28 May 2015 at 8:30{{nbsp}}p.m.<ref name=":0" />

== Debate ==
{{External media|topic=|headerimage=|caption=The Oxford Union debate chamber|video1={{YouTube|f7CW7S0zxv4|''Dr Shashi Tharoor MP - Britain Does Owe Reparations'', Oxford Union}}|video2={{YouTube|p=PLO6jAcDeEneEUCAtBDlp3nmzw1lv05dMo|Oxford Union - Does Britain Owe Reparations}}|width=220px}}

Arguments in favour of the proposition began with the first speaker, Dattani, who argued that reparations "go far beyond cash payments" and were "centred on recognising past injustices and redressing the moral imbalance brought on by colonisation".<ref name=":17" /> Golooba-Mutebi, the second speaker for the proposition and the third to speak, pre-empted claims that the British [[colonisation of Africa]] was carried out to provide modern infrastructure; calling this "fallacious", he noted the existence of "languages, kingdoms and intellectuals" in Africa prior to colonisation.<ref name=":17" />

Ottaway, arguing for the opposition, said that it was impossible to quantify reparations. He argued that demands for reparations were part of an "[[inferiority complex]]" among formerly colonised countries: "to ask today's tax payers to finance reparations to the free citizens of independent states merely assuages at 21st century guilt". His speech was interrupted by an attendee claiming that Ottaway's rejection of claims for reparation was part a "[[superiority complex]]" that "allowed colonialism and imperialism to happen in the first place".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Malhotra|first=Aditi|date=29 July 2015|title=The Counterview: Why Britain Doesn't Owe India Reparations|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2015/07/29/the-counterview-why-britain-doesnt-owe-india-reparations/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151215005515/http://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2015/07/29/the-counterview-why-britain-doesnt-owe-india-reparations/|archive-date=15 December 2015|access-date=16 May 2020|website=WSJ|language=en-US}}</ref>

The next speaker from the proposition, Ndombet-Assamba, gave examples of non-monetary forms of reparation, based on the 10 point plan for reparatory justice proposed by the [[Caribbean Community]] (CARICOM).{{Efn|The [[Caribbean Community]]'s ten point plan includes— Full formal apologies, repatriations, psychological rehabilitations and technology transfers.<ref>{{cite news |title=CARICOM Ten Point Plan for Reparatory Justice |url=https://caricom.org/caricom-ten-point-plan-for-reparatory-justice/ |access-date=3 August 2021 |work=caricom.org (Caribbean Community)}}</ref>}}<ref name=":17" /> Making his speech after Dattani, Golooba-Mutebi and Ndombet-Assamba, Tharoor was the seventh speaker in the debate.<ref name=":17" /> During Ottaway's speech, two students raised a poster with the words: "Who will speak for ME? #[[Rhodes Must Fall|RhodesMustFall]]"; across the room, another two students held a banner, on which was inscribed "Brutality should not be DEBATED". A doorman attempted to remove the protestors, but they were allowed to stay when it was confirmed that they were not violating the Union's rules.<ref name=":17" />

=== Tharoor's speech ===
Tharoor started his speech by arguing that British colonial rule was responsible for the decline of the [[Economy of India|Indian economy]], claiming that the "economic situation of the colonies was actually worsened by the experience of British colonialism".<ref name=":2" /> He noted that at the beginning of [[British Raj|British rule in India]], the Indian share of the global economy was 23%; when India became independent from British rule in 1947, that share had declined to below 4%.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":17" /> Tharoor argued that the [[Economic history of the United Kingdom|economic progress of Britain]] from the 18th-century onwards was financed by the economic exploitation and [[Deindustrialisation in India|deindustrialisation]] of British India, including the destruction of the Indian weaving industry.<ref name=":6">{{Cite news|last=MacKenzie|first=John|author-link=John M. MacKenzie|date=28 July 2015|title=Viewpoint: Why Britain does not owe reparations to India|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-33647422|url-status=live|access-date=16 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200507025037/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-33647422|archive-date=7 May 2020}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=Saha|first=Abhishek|date=22 July 2015|title=3 reasons why Shashi Tharoor's speech at Oxford is a must watch|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/3-reasons-why-shashi-tharoor-s-speech-at-oxford-is-a-must-watch/story-GQ4XE2WLwJpsh6ft853taJ.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614085100/https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/3-reasons-why-shashi-tharoor-s-speech-at-oxford-is-a-must-watch/story-GQ4XE2WLwJpsh6ft853taJ.html|archive-date=14 June 2019|access-date=14 May 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Biswas|first=A K|date=26 September 2015|others=VOL LIII No 40|title=An Open letter to Dr Shashi Tharoor|url=http://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article5956.html|access-date=2021-08-04|website=Mainstream}}| A K Biswas [or Dr. Atulkrishna Biswas] is a retired IAS officer and the former Vice-Chancellor, Dr B. R. Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur. A current affairs weekly, Mainstream was founded by... [[Nikhil Chakravartty]], [...] Mainstream was started on September 1, 1962.</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Sarkar|first=Dipankar De|date=31 July 2015|title=Oxford challenge: is India institutionally casteist?|url=https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/P0FLLQ8EakUvSNIfR1FtFP/Oxford-challenge-is-India-institutionally-casteist.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151215121115/http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/P0FLLQ8EakUvSNIfR1FtFP/Oxford-challenge-is-India-institutionally-casteist.html|archive-date=15 December 2015|access-date=16 May 2020|website=Livemint|language=en}}</ref> Referencing [[Famine in India|famines in India]] (which he claimed were "British-induced"), Tharoor focused on the [[Bengal famine of 1943]], arguing that the responsibility for the famine rests solely on then-[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|British Prime Minister]] [[Winston Churchill]].<ref name=":4" /> Arguing that this was part of a larger pattern of British colonialism, Tharoor then stated:

<blockquote> So, all notions that the British were trying to do their colonial enterprise out of enlightened despotism to try and bring the benefits of colonialism and civilisation to the benighted. Even I am sorry – Churchill's conduct in 1943 is simply one example of many that gave light to this myth.<ref name=":18">{{Cite web|last=Narayani|first=Nalini|date=24 July 2015|title=8 lessons from Tharoor's electrifying Oxford speech|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/report/eight-lessons-that-tharoors-electrifying-oxford-speech-teaches-us-about-indias-history/20150724.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223132832/http://www.rediff.com/news/report/eight-lessons-that-tharoors-electrifying-oxford-speech-teaches-us-about-indias-history/20150724.htm|archive-date=23 December 2016|access-date=17 May 2020|website=Rediff}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite web|last=Yechury|first=Ashish|date=23 July 2015|title=Shashi Tharoor's Oxford address revives colonial debate|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/shashi-tharoors-oxford-address-revives-colonial-debate/articleshow/48181486.cms|access-date=2021-08-04|website=The Times of India}}</ref></blockquote>

Tharoor then discussed India's participation in the [[World War I|First]] and [[World War II|Second World Wars]].<ref name=":4" /> Noting that one-sixth of British Imperial servicemen in the First World War were Indians, Tharoor focused on the significant economic and human costs incurred by Indians through their mandatory participation in the conflicts, which cost India "8 billion pounds".<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":18" /> Tharoor argued that India's contributions to the British war effort significantly damaged the Indian economy. He also noted that Britain incurred a war debt of 3 billion pounds, 1.25 billion of which was owed to India and never repaid.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":10" /> Turning his attention to the infrastructure implemented by the British in India, such as [[Rail transport in India|railways]], Tharoor argued that it was constructed for the purpose of aiding the economic exploitation of the country, rather than out of a genuine desire to help the interests of the Indian public.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":18" />

Tharoor rebutted arguments by the opposition which mentioned British aid money to India, noting the amount of aid money sent by Britain was equal to the total money spent by the Indian government annually on fertiliser subsidies; this drew applause from the audience.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":20">{{Cite web|last=Iftikhar|first=Aliya|date=25 July 2015|title=India's Prime Minister Praises Viral Argument For British Reparations|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/indias-prime-minister-praises-viral-argument-for-british-reparations/|access-date=2021-08-05|website=Vice}}</ref> Tharoor pointed out that reparations had been paid by governments in the past, pointing to British reparations to the [[Māori people|Māori]] and similar payments from the [[Government of Italy|Italian]], [[Cabinet of Germany|German]] and [[Government of Japan|Japanese governments]].<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":20" /> He continued his criticisms of the arguments made by other speakers in the debate, one of which was the argument that colonialism had given "democracy" to India: "It's a bit rich to oppress, enslave, kill, torture, maim people for 200 years and then celebrate the fact that they are democratic at the end of it. We were denied democracy, so we had to snatch it, seize it from you."<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":3" />

Tharoor ended his speech by focusing on the principle of owing reparations, rather than explaining what they would consist of. He argued that the concept of a "moral debt" was more important than financial debt, being a tool of atonement for wrongs committed in the past: "the principle is what matters". He suggested that Britain pay one [[pound sterling]] ''per annum'' for the next two centuries as a form of symbolic reparations for "200 years of Britain in India".<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":32">{{Cite web|date=24 July 2015|title=Read: Shashi Tharoor's full speech asking UK to pay India for 200 years of its colonial rule|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/read-shashi-tharoors-full-speech-asking-uk-to-pay-india-for-200-years-of-its-colonial-rule-1024821.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320205432/https://www.news18.com/news/india/read-shashi-tharoors-full-speech-asking-uk-to-pay-india-for-200-years-of-its-colonial-rule-1024821.html|archive-date=20 March 2019|access-date=14 May 2020|website=News18}}</ref> Tharoor spoke for about fifteen minutes, seven more than what was allotted to him.<ref name=":9" /> At the end of the debate, the side in favour of the motion won the debate with 185 votes for to 56 against.<ref name=":1" />

== Reception ==
Within a week of the speech being uploaded on [[YouTube]], the video became the fifth most-watched video on Oxford Union's channel.<ref name=":1" /> The speech became a trending topic in India, being shared on several social media platforms and reported on in the Indian media.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":11">{{Cite web|last=Shekhar|first=Mayank|date=4 January 2017|title=The party of Hindutva has betrayed centuries of ancient Hindu practice in acceptance of sexual deviancy|url=https://elle.in/article/shashi-tharoor-interview/|access-date=16 May 2020|website=Elle India|language=en-US}}</ref> Tharoor also shared the speech on his personal [[Twitter]] account.<ref name=":11" /> Actor and comedian [[Paresh Rawal]] wrote on Twitter that the speech was "simply mind blowing and enlightening".<ref name=":1" /> The speech was called "witty" and "passionate",<ref name=":3" /> and was credited as gaining the attention of a wider audience through Tharoor's usage of several "rapier barbs".<ref name=":2" /> Scholar [[Alyssa Ayres]], who served on the [[Council on Foreign Relations]], reasoned that Tharoor's quantification of the colonial exploitation of India formed the most important part of his argument.<ref name=":20" /> British [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] MP [[Keith Vaz]] praised the speech, calling for the return of the [[Koh-i-Noor|Kohinoor]] diamond to India.<ref>{{Cite news |agency=PTI|date=29 July 2015|title=After Tharoor's Oxford Union speech, Keith Vaz says return Kohi-i-noor to India|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/after-tharoors-oxford-union-speech-keith-vaz-says-return-kohi-i-noor-to-india/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113003646/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/after-tharoors-oxford-union-speech-keith-vaz-says-return-kohi-i-noor-to-india/|archive-date=13 November 2015|access-date=16 May 2020|newspaper=The Indian Express|language=en-US}}</ref>

The [[Prime Minister of India]], [[Narendra Modi]], at an event in the [[Old Parliament House, New Delhi|Parliament House, New Delhi]] on 23 July 2015,<ref name=":22">{{Cite web|date=2015-07-23|title=Shashi Tharoor downplays PM's praise, says Sonia never 'scolded' him|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/shashi-tharoor-downplays-pm-s-praise-says-sonia-never-scolded-him/story-Ufqc78MOn2qsKkTnsa4hyK.html|access-date=2021-08-05|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref name=":19">{{Cite magazine |agency=PTI|date=25 July 2015|title=Shashi Tharoor on PM Modi's praise: I am touched|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/shashi-tharoor-on-pm-modis-praise-i-am-touched-284600-2015-07-25|access-date=2021-08-05|magazine=India Today}}</ref> commented on the debate and the response it generated: "Shashiji's remarks have gone viral on YouTube [... this] shows what impression one can leave with effective arguments by saying the right things at the right place. It reflects the expressiveness [...] of an Indian citizen."<ref name=":12">{{Cite news|last=Burke|first=Jason|author-link=Jason Burke|date=24 July 2015|title=Narendra Modi endorses Britain paying damages to India for colonial rule|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jul/24/indian-prime-minister-modi-endorses-britain-paying-damages-for-colonial-rule|url-status=live|access-date=16 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617025249/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jul/24/indian-prime-minister-modi-endorses-britain-paying-damages-for-colonial-rule|archive-date=17 June 2020|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref name=":19" /> Journalists noted that instances of cross-party praise from Modi such as this were rare.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|title=Indian MP Tharoor accidentally ignites debate over UK reparations to India|url=https://www.dw.com/en/indian-mp-tharoor-accidentally-ignites-debate-over-uk-reparations-to-india/a-18610107|last1=Shwayder|first1=Maya E.|last2=Pandey|first2=Ashutosh|date=27 July 2015|website=DW|language=en-GB|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612010610/http://www.dw.com/en/indian-mp-tharoor-accidentally-ignites-debate-over-uk-reparations-to-india/a-18610107|archive-date=12 June 2017|access-date=16 May 2020}}</ref> Modi's comments were also understood by some commentators to be an endorsement of reparations from the British.<ref name=":12" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Mansoor|first=Sanya|date=2015-07-24|title=Indian PM endorses opposition lawmaker's call for British reparations|work=Christian Science Monitor|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-News/2015/0724/Indian-PM-endorses-opposition-lawmaker-s-call-for-British-reparations|access-date=2021-08-05|issn=0882-7729}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Henderson|first=Barney|date=24 July 2015|title=India's prime minister endorses call for Britain to pay reparations for colonial rule|work=The Telegraph UK|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/11762311/Indias-prime-minister-endorses-call-for-Britain-to-pay-reparations-for-colonial-rule.html|url-access=registration|access-date=3 August 2021}}</ref>

{{Multiple image
| image1 = The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi addressing at the Workshop on Sustainable Development Goals under Speaker's Research Initiative (SRI), at Parliament House, in New Delhi on July 23, 2015.jpg
| image2 = The Vice President, Shri M. Hamid Ansari releasing the book titled ‘An Era of Darkness The British Empire in India’, authored by Dr. Shashi Tharoor, in New Delhi on November 04, 2016.jpg
| total_width = 360
| direction = vertical
| footer = {{bulletlist|PM Modi, at [[Old Parliament House, New Delhi|Parliament House]], during the event in which he commented on Tharoor's speech. Tharoor was present in the audience, first row.<ref name=":22" />|Tharoor (right) at the book launch of ''[[Inglorious Empire|An Era of Darkness: The British Empire in India]]'' in 2016. [[Vice President of India]], [[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]] (center) and journalist [[Karan Thapar]] (left).
}}
}}

Following the debate, Tharoor wrote the non-fiction work ''An Era of Darkness: The British Empire in India'', which was published in 2017 in the United Kingdom and United States as ''[[Inglorious Empire|Inglorious Empire: What the British Did to India]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Aziz|first=Omer|date=2018-09-01|title=Los Angeles Review of Books|url=https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/blighted-by-empire-what-the-british-did-to-india/|access-date=2021-08-04|website=[[Los Angeles Review of Books]]}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web|date=December 2019|title=Inglorious Empire: What the British did to India|url=https://reviews.history.ac.uk/review/2357|access-date=18 May 2020|website=Reviews in History|publisher=[[Institute of Historical Research]], School of Advanced Study, University of London|quote=In various forms it currently has almost seven and a half million hits on YouTube alone... (December 2019)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Balakrishnan|first=Uday|date=15 January 2018|title=The bald truth is — the Raj ruined us|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/books/the-bald-truth-is-the-raj-ruined-us/article9391768.ece|access-date=18 May 2020|website=The Hindu BusinessLine|language=en|quote="His book is, in fact, an expanded take on British exploitation of India that famously carried the day for Tharoor in an Oxford debate{{nbsp}}..."}}</ref> Tharoor won the [[Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Awards|Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Award]] in 2017 for the book,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vice-President Venkaiah Naidu presents 12th edition of Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Awards|url=https://www.firstpost.com/photos/vice-president-venkaiah-naidu-presents-12th-edition-of-ramnath-goenka-excellence-in-journalism-awards-4269183.html|date=21 December 2017|website=Firstpost|access-date=16 May 2020}}</ref> as well as a [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shashi Tharoor wins Sahitya Akademi Award 2019 for An Era Of Darkness|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/people/story/shashi-tharoor-wins-sahitya-akademi-award-2019-for-an-era-of-darkness-1629374-2019-12-18|date=18 December 2019|website=India Today|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109190907/https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/people/story/shashi-tharoor-wins-sahitya-akademi-award-2019-for-an-era-of-darkness-1629374-2019-12-18|archive-date=9 January 2020|access-date=14 April 2020}}</ref> In the interview with ''Elle'', Tharoor noted that, following his speech at the Union, instances of trolling against him from the Indian right-wing became significantly reduced.<ref name=":11" />

=== Criticism ===
The speech was criticised for several reasons, including accusations that Tharoor oversimplified the economic effect of British rule in India.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Datta|first=Rothin|date=14 May 2018|title=What Shashi Tharoor Doesn't Understand About Colonialism|url=https://thewire.in/society/shashi-tharoor-colonialism|access-date=2021-08-03|website=The Wire}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Hemmings|first=John|date=1 August 2015|title=Reparations & Justice: Re-Appraising Imperialism|url=https://researchonline.lse.ac.uk/id/eprint/76594/|access-date=3 August 2021|website=LSE International History|publisher=London School of Economics and Political Science|quote=John Hemmings is a doctoral candidate at the Department of International Relations, LSE, and an adjunct fellow at the Center for Strategic and International Studies.}}</ref> John MacKenzie, the last speaker in the debate, later wrote that though many of Tharoor's arguments were correct, others were based in falsehoods; noting that India has had a history of imperial formations preceding the British, where the people were exploited for the benefit of the rulers in every case, MacKenzie also argued that economic power in the world shifted over the course of British rule in India and Britain was only partially responsible for the Indian economic decline. Addressing the issue of possible atonement, MacKenzie claimed that "Historians have been offering atonement through their writings for years" and argued that [[neocolonialism]] was a far more pressing issue.<ref name=":6" />

The writer [[Jonathan Foreman (journalist)|Jonathan Foreman]], apart from finding the speech "funny", opined that for "a nation as powerful as modern India to revel in victimhood" was demeaning, particularly when it was to only ask for reparation from "'one' of its conquerors". Foreman, while criticising the arguments made by Tharoor, highlighted that the speech was delivered at a debate, and that Tharoor's "performance" was "witty, perfectly timed, elegantly delivered... in exactly the way that Oxford (and Cambridge) Union speeches are supposed to be".<ref name=":21">{{Cite web|title=Reparations for the Raj? You must be joking!|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/british-reparations-for-india-for-the-raj-oxford/|last=Foreman|first=Jonathan|date=3 August 2015|website=POLITICO|access-date=16 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815045456/https://www.politico.eu/article/british-reparations-for-india-for-the-raj-oxford/|archive-date=15 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Politico]]''<nowiki/>'s contributing editor [[Tunku Varadarajan]] commented on Tharoor's [[Received Pronunciation]] accent; Foreman noted this too, writing that Tharoor "epitomizes in many ways, good and bad, the English-speaking, political, cultural and social elite that hastened the end of the Raj, assumed power in New Delhi in 1947, and then through the Congress Party misruled India for more than six decades, all the time becoming increasingly arrogant and corrupt, and seeming almost as insulated from ordinary Indians as their British predecessors had been".<ref name=":21" />

[[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]], a historian, commented that the debate was "the first time I've ever heard the word reparations used" in discussions about the two countries, but pointed out that it was not an official government speech. Dalrymple said that reparations are not the answer, instead urging a revised British educational system that critically engages with Britain's colonial history.<ref name=":8" />

== See also ==
* [[Barnett formula]]
* ''[[A Question of Europe]]''

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
*{{Cite news|last=Suraiya|first=Jug|author-link=Jug Suraiya|date=29 July 2015|title=Shashi Tharoor's Oxford speech: Make reparations, free India|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/blogs/jugglebandhi/shashi-tharoors-oxford-speech-make-reparations-free-india/|access-date=4 August 2021}}
*{{Cite web|last=French|first=Patrick|author-link=Patrick French|date=5 August 2015|title=Sorry, Shashi Tharoor, but Britain doesn't owe India any reparations|url=https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/sorry-shashi-tharoor-but-britain-doesn-t-owe-india-any-reparations|url-access=registration|access-date=16 May 2020|website=The Spectator}}
*{{Cite news|last=Hope|first=Christopher|date=19 November 2019|title=Stop apologising for Britain's colonial past and concentrate on delivering a better future, Nigel Farage says|language=en-GB|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2019/11/19/stop-apologising-britains-colonial-past-concentrate-delivering/|url-status=live|url-access=subscription|access-date=16 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220085706/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2019/11/19/stop-apologising-britains-colonial-past-concentrate-delivering/|archive-date=20 December 2019|issn=0307-1235}}
*{{Cite news|last=Kumar|first=Anupriya|date=16 November 2016|title=Q&A: Shashi Tharoor on why the British owe India an apology|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/shashi-tharoor-ear-of-darkness-book-inte-idINKBN13A0X9|access-date=4 August 2021}}
*{{Cite web|last=Bhattacharya|first=Suryatapa|date=28 July 2015|title=We Asked Readers Whether Britain Should Pay Reparations to India, This Is What They Said|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2015/07/28/we-asked-readers-whether-britain-should-pay-reparations-to-india-this-is-what-they-said/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801185804/http://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2015/07/28/we-asked-readers-whether-britain-should-pay-reparations-to-india-this-is-what-they-said/|archive-date=1 August 2016|access-date=16 May 2020|website=WSJ|language=en-US}}
* [[Jaby Koay|Jaby Koay and Achara Kirk]] (2016). [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z8m4sbVyYkw Dr Shashi Tharoor MP – Britain Does Owe Reparations, Reaction Video.] ''YouTube''.
'''Summary of speech'''
* {{Cite news|date=2015-07-22|title=Viewpoint: Britain must pay reparations to India|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-33618621|access-date=2021-08-04}}
'''Full text of speech'''
* {{Citation|title=IMPRINTS-II. General English Text Book. II Sem. B. Sc /B.C.A/B. Sc (FAD)/B.V.A|url=http://bcu.ac.in/uploads/2020/01/IPMRINTS_II_08.01.20.pdf|work=Prasaranga, Bengaluru Central University, Bengaluru|pages=13–21 |editor-last=Panikkar|editor-first=Chitra}} Contains a glossary of words and phrases used in the speech
*{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2015-07-24|title=Shashi Tharoor stunning speech at Oxford Union debate|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/politics/national/shashi-tharoor-stunning-speech-at-oxford-union-debate-31161.html|access-date=2021-08-04|website=India TV News}}
*{{Cite web|date=2015-07-24|title=Read: Shashi Tharoor's full speech asking UK to pay India for 200 years of its colonial rule|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/read-shashi-tharoors-full-speech-asking-uk-to-pay-india-for-200-years-of-its-colonial-rule-1024821.html|access-date=2021-08-04|website=[[News18]]|language=en}} ''(contains errors)''
'''Tharoor'''
* {{Cite web|last=Tharoor|first=Shashi|date=2017-03-08|title='But what about the railways ...?' The myth of Britain's gifts to India|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/mar/08/india-britain-empire-railways-myths-gifts|access-date=2021-08-05|website=The Guardian|language=en|quote=All this is not intended to have any bearing on today's Indo-British relationship. That is now between two sovereign and equal nations, not between an imperial overlord and oppressed subjects...}}
* {{Cite web|last=Tharoor|first=Shashi|date=4 December 2016|title=Does Britain owe reparations to former colonies?|url=https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/opinion/article/2050394/does-britain-owe-reparations-india-and-other-former-colonies|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524183047/https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/opinion/article/2050394/does-britain-owe-reparations-india-and-other-former-colonies|archive-date=24 May 2020|access-date=16 May 2020|website=South China Morning Post|language=en|quote=At the end of May 2015, I was invited by the Oxford Union to speak on the proposition 'Britain Owes Reparations to Her Former Colonies'...}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Tharoor|first=Shashi|title=Saying Sorry to India: Reparation or Atonement?|url=https://harvardilj.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/Tharoor-Reparations.pdf|journal=Harvard International Law Journal|page=5|access-date=4 August 2021|archive-date=3 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503192123/https://harvardilj.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/Tharoor-Reparations.pdf|url-status=dead}}
*{{Cite web|date=1 December 2016|title=Dr. Shashi Tharoor's official website: An Era of Darkness: The British Empire in India (2016)|url=https://shashitharoor.in/books_details_non_fictions/1|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221132114/http://shashitharoor.in/books_details_non_fictions/1|archive-date=21 December 2019|access-date=16 May 2020|website=shashitharoor.in|quote="At the end of May 2015, I was invited by the Oxford Union to speak on the proposition 'Britain Owes Reparations to Her Former Colonies'.{{nbsp}}[...] In early July, however, the Union posted the debate on the web, and sent me a video copy of my own speech."}}
{{University debating|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Oxford Union]]
[[Category:Political debates]]
[[Category:May 2015 in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:2015 speeches]]
[[Category:Shashi Tharoor]]

Chodavaram, Konaseema district

2026-04-22T12:07:41Z

ShereeScotto4: created a place more to come

{{Unreferenced|date=April 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chodavaram
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = te
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|16|51|07|N|82|03|24|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Konaseema district|Konaseema]]
| established_title = 
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| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
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| population_total = 5000
| population_as_of = 2010
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
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| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}
'''Chodavaram''' is a small village in Ramachandrapuram Mandal, [[Konaseema district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]].

== References ==
<references />

{{Konaseema district}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chodavaram (Konaseema district)}}
[[Category:Villages in Konaseema district]]

{{Konaseema-geo-stub}}

Inchagiri Sampradaya

2026-04-18T07:26:48Z

ShereeScotto4: Done

{{Short description|Lineage of Hindu Navnath}}
{{Hinduism}}
[[File:Sri Bhausaheb Maharaj.JPG|thumb|upright|right|Shri Samartha Sadaguru [[Bhausaheb Maharaj]]]]
[[File:RM8.jpg|thumb|upright|right|Shri Samartha Sadguru Ramachandrarao Maharaj Kupakaddi]]
[[File:Siddharamphoto.JPG|thumb|upright|right|Shri Samartha Sadaguru [[Siddharameshwar Maharaj]]]]
[[File:S S Maharaj.jpg|thumb|upright|right|Sri Samartha Sadaguru [[Ganapatrao Maharaj Kannur]]]]
[[File:Shri Smarth Sadguru Muppin Kadsiddheshwar Maharaj.jpg|thumb|upright|right|Shri Smarth Sadguru Muppin [[Kaadsiddheshwar|Kadsiddheshwar Maharaj]]]]
[[File:Nisargadatta Maharaj.jpg|thumb|upright|right|[[Nisargadatta Maharaj]]]]
The '''Inchagiri Sampradaya''', also known as '''Nimbargi Sampradaya''', is a lineage of [[Hindu]] [[Navnath]] and [[Lingayat]] [[Guru|teachers]] from [[Maharashtra]] and Karnataka, which was started by [[Bhausaheb Maharaj]].<ref group=web name="ShantiKuteer">{{Cite web |url=http://www.shantikuteer.org/page.php?pi=21 |title=ShantiKuteer Ashram, ''Bhausaheb Maharaj'' |access-date=2013-01-18 |archive-date=2018-10-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020004254/http://www.shantikuteer.org/page.php?pi=21 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> It is inspired by [[Sant Mat]] teachers as [[Namdev]], [[Ravidas|Raidas]] and [[Kabir Das|Kabir]]. The Inchagiri Sampradaya has become well known throughout the western world due to the popularity of [[Nisargadatta Maharaj]].

==History==
{{See also|Guru–shishya tradition}}

===Navnath===
{{Main|Navnath}}

====Dattatreya====
The mythological origins of the Inchagiri Sampradaya are ascribed to [[Dattatreya]]. He initiated the [[Navnath|Navanaths]], the Holy Nine Gurus,{{sfn|Frydman|1987}} and the [[Navnath|Navanath Sampraday]].<ref group=web>[http://nisargadatta.net/lineage.html Navnath Sampradaya]</ref>{{sfn|Frydman|1987}}

====Revananath – Siddhagiri Math (Kaneri Math)====
{{Main|Revan Nath|Siddhagiri Gramjivan Museum (Kaneri Math)#Kaneri Math|l1 = Revan Nath|l2 = Siddhagiri Math}}

One of those Navnaths was Revanath, the 7th{{sfn|Frydman|1987}} or 8th{{sfn|Boucher|n.d.}} Navnath. Revanath settled on the Siddhgiri hill for ascetic practice, living on whatever the jungle, gave him. He became famous as Kaadhsiddheshwar,{{refn|group=note|* "Kaadh" <nowiki>=</nowiki> jungle;<ref group=web name="siddhagiri.org-history" /> * "siddh" <nowiki>=</nowiki> [[siddha]], siddha guru, "one who is accomplished"; * "eshwar" <nowiki>=</nowiki> [[Shiva]], the "Supreme lord over other Gods".}} "the one who attained supreme realization in a forest".<ref group=web name="siddhagiri.org-history">{{Cite web |url=http://www.siddhagiri.org/?page_id=371 |title=www.siddhagiri.org, ''Siddhgiri Math and Kaadhsiddheshwar Tradition'' |access-date=2014-09-28 |archive-date=2015-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122203835/http://www.siddhagiri.org/?page_id=371 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Revananath is considered to have established the [[Siddhagiri Gramjivan Museum (Kaneri Math)#Kaneri Math|Kaadsiddheshwar temple]] and [[Matha|math]],<ref group=web name="siddhagiri.org-history" /> also called ''Kaadsiddheshwar Peeth''.<ref group=web name="mazasadguru.com-parampara" /> in the 7th century CE.<ref group=web name="siddhagiri.org-history" /> Other accounts mention a history of "more than 1300 years",<ref group=web name="siddhagirimath.org-history">[http://siddhagirimath.org/?page_id=665 siddhagirimath.org, ''Siddhagiri Math – History'']</ref> and the 14th century CE, when a Lingayat Priest established a Shivling at the hill, which became ''Kaneri Math'', nowadays called ''Siddhagiri Math'',<ref group=web name="discoverindia">{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20141006134525/http://www.discoveredindia.com/maharashtra/attractions/museums/siddhagiri-gramjivan-museum-kaneri-math.htm Siddhagiri Gramjivan Museum Kaneri Math]}}</ref><ref group=web>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110125091909/http://www.maharashtramaza.info/cities/orthodox-kolhapur/kolhapur-tourist-places/kaneri-math Kaneri Math Kolhapur]}}</ref> It is located on Siddhagiri hill<ref group=web name="RanadeKadaSiddha">{{Cite web |url=http://www.gurudevranade.com/kadsidhis.html |title=Gurudev R.D. Ranade, ''Kada Siddha'' |access-date=2013-01-19 |archive-date=2020-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211135309/http://www.gurudevranade.com/kadsidhis.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> in Kanheri village, Karveer tehsil, [[Kolhapur]] district, [[Maharashtra]] state, India.<ref group=web name="discoverindia" />

The Siddhagiri Math was established around the Moola-Kaadsiddheswar [[Shiva]] temple in the [[Shaiva]]-[[Lingayat]] tradition.<ref group=web name="siddhagiri.org-history" /> It is a vast campus with the central Shiva temple.<ref group=web name="siddhagiri.org-history" />

In the 12th century the Math came under the influence of [[Basava|Basaveshwar]], who established the [[Lingayat]] tradition of south India.<ref group=web name="siddhagiri.org-history" /> It is the main Kuldaivat{{refn|group=note|"Dynastic Gods/Teachers"<ref group=web name="mazasadguru.com-parampara" />)}} of the Lingayat Shaiva community,<ref group=web name="mazasadguru.com-parampara">[http://mazasadguru.com/english/eng_parampara.html mazasadguru.com, ''The Kaadsiddheshwar Parampara''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913144931/http://mazasadguru.com/english/eng_parampara.html |date=2014-09-13 }}</ref> its influence exceeding to most of the districts of Maharashtra and Karnataka, and also to some places in Madhya Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh.<ref group=web name="siddhagiri.org-history" />

Part of Siddhagiri Math is the "Siddhagiri Gramjivan Museum", a wax museum dedicated to Gandhi's ideal of rural life. It was established by the 27th Mathadhipati, Adrushya Kadsiddheshwar Swami Ji.<ref group=web name="discoverindia" />

===Dnyaneshwar===
{{See also|Sant (religion)|Varkari}}

Revanath initiated [[Sant (religion)|Sant]] [[Dnyaneshwar]]<ref group=web name="AdvaitOrg">[http://www.advaita.org.uk/teachers/navnath_sampradaya.htm Advaita Vision, ''Navnath Sampradaya. Disciples of Nisargadatta Maharaj'']</ref> (1275–1296), also known as Sant Jñāneshwar or Jñanadeva<ref group=web name="AdvaitOrg" /> and as Kadasiddha{{sfn|Frydman|1987}} or Kad-Siddheshwar Maharaj.{{sfn|Boucher|n.d.}}

Dnyaneshwar was a 13th-century [[Maharashtra|Maharashtria]]n [[Hindu]] [[saint]] (''[[Sant (religion)|Sant]]'' – a title by which he is often referred), poet, philosopher and [[yogi]] of the [[Nath]] tradition whose works ''Bhavartha Deepika'' (a commentary on [[Bhagavad Gita]], popularly known as "[[Dnyaneshwari]]"), and [[Amrutanubhav]] are considered to be milestones in [[Marathi literature]].

According to Shirvaikar, Dnyaneshwar was initiated into the Nath by his elder brother Nivrutti, who was born in 1273.<ref group=web name="Shirvaikar">[http://www.dj6qo.de/dnye/Dnbiography.htm V. V. Shirvaikar, ''A brief biography of saint Dnyaneshwar (Jnanadeva)'']</ref>
{{blockquote|In a state of extreme distress Vithalpant went to Triambakeshwar (near Nasik) with his family for performing worship at the Shiva temple. Triambakeshwar is one of the twelve Jyotirlingas or luminary lingas of Lord [[Shiva]]. While they had gone for performing pradakshina (circumambulation) of the temple one night they encountered a ferocious tiger (in thirteenth century the area was a deep forest) The members of the family ran helter skelter and were dispersed. Nivrutti wandered into a cave in the Anjani mountain where Gahininath, one of the nine Naths was staying for some time. He was attracted towards Nivrutti and in spite of his young age initiated him into Nath sect by initiation of nath panthi 'soham sadhana' which is combination of yoga, bhakti and also dnyana, instructing him to propagate devotion to Shri Krishna. That is how Nivrutti became [[Nivruttinath]]. The matter of excommunication did not affect this because the Nath sect does not bother about caste system and though socially it may be observed it is ignored in spiritual matters.<ref group=web name="Shirvaikar" />}}

In 1287 Nivrutti initiated his younger brother:
{{blockquote|Nivrutinath initiated Dnyanadeo into the Nath sect and instructed him to write a commentary on Gita. Thus we have a unique situation of a fourteen-year-old Guru instructing his twelve-year-old disciple to write something which has become the hope of humanity.<ref group=web name="Shirvaikar" />}}

Dnyaneshwar died at the young age of 21.<ref group=web name="Shirvaikar" />

===Nimbargi Maharaj (Gurulingajangam Maharaj) – Nimbargi Sampradaya===
Different accounts of the founding of the Nimbargi Sampradaya by Nimbargi Maharaj, the alternate name of the Inchegeri Sampradaya, are to be found.
* According to several accounts, in 1820<ref group=web name="RanjitHistory">[http://www.sadguru.com/timeline.php Sadguru Shri Ranjit Maharaj, ''History'']</ref> Kadasiddha,{{sfn|Frydman|1987}} or ''"Almighty "Kadsiddeshwar"'',<ref group=web name="RanjitHistory" /> appeared as a vision to Sri Gurulingajangam Maharaj"<ref group=web name="RanjitHistory" /> (1789-1875),<ref group=web name="AdvaitOrg" /> also known as "Nimbargi Maharaj".<ref group=web name="AdvaitOrg" />
* According to a different account, the 22nd{{citation needed|date=January 2013}} or 24th<ref group=web name="siddhagirimath.org-pedigree">[http://siddhagirimath.org/?page_id=667 siddhagirimath.org, "pedigree"]</ref> Shri Samarth Muppin Kaadsiddheswar Maharaj{{refn|group=note|In the Kaadasiddheshwar Sampradaya<ref group=web name="siddhagirimath.org-pedigree" />}} initiated Nimbargi Maharaj.<ref group=web name="balkrushnamauli.com-guruling-jangam-maharaj">[http://www.balkrushnamauli.com/guruling-jangam-maharaj/ balkrushnamauli.com, ''Guruling Jangam Maharaj''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006080552/http://www.balkrushnamauli.com/guruling-jangam-maharaj/ |date=2014-10-06 }}</ref>
* According to Frydman, Kadasiddha initiated both Lingajangam Maharaj and Bhausahib Maharaj, and "entrusted to their care his Ashram".{{sfn|Frydman|1987}}{{refn|group=note|How Gurulingajangam Maharaj and Bhausahib Maharaj were initiated is not being narrated, but given the span of time between the 13th century and the 19th century and the early dismiss of Dnyaneshwar, a physical initiation seems unlikely.}}{{refn|group=note|Bhausahib Maharaj was born in 1843.<ref group=web name="RanjitHistory" />}}
* According to Cathy Boucher, Nimbargi Maharaj's guru was called "Guru Juangam Maharaj". She also mentions "a yogi [at Siddhagiri] who gave [Nimabargi Maharaj] a mantra and told him to meditate regularly on it".{{sfn|Boucher|n.d.}}

Nimbargi belonged to a Nellawai sub-caste of the [[Lingayat]] caste.{{sfn|Dabade|1998|p=49}}{{sfn|Boucher|n.d.}} According to Boucher,
{{blockquote|It is significant that some of the founders of the Navnath Sampradaya are Lingayat or Virasaiva because this was a revolutionary movement, allowing people of all walks of life, and both sexes to find [[Shiva]] immanent within themselves. Part of this democratizing movement, I believe, is a reaction of Western India's contact with Islam, which embraces people of all class, creed and gender. The iconoclasm, which is at the heart of Virasaivism actually comes down to us in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries as something we can easily relate to. The breaking down of taboos, of certain parts of India's spiritual structure makes it possible for us as modern people to partake of these teachings. We do not even have to be practicing Hindus, in the traditional sense, in order to hear it. This attitude was most evident in the Satsang room of Sri Nisargaddatta Maharaj.{{sfn|Boucher|n.d.}}}}

Nimbargi practiced for 36 years, meanwhile living as a householder, and was finally awakened when he was 67. Until his death, at the age of 95, he "initiated people and lived the life of a Jivanmukta".{{sfn|Boucher|n.d.}}

===Bhausaheb Maharaj – Inchagiri Sampradaya===
{{Main|Bhausaheb Maharaj}}

According to Kotnis, Bhausaheb Maharaj was looked upon as the reincarnation of [[Tukaram|Sant Tukaram]]{{sfn|Kotnis|1963|p=17}} (1577–1650), a prominent [[Varkari]] [[Sant (religion)|Sant]] and spiritual poet of the [[Bhakti]], who had taken birth again in the Neelwani Lingayat community to finish his work of spreading the knowledge of Self-realization.{{sfn|Kotnis|1963|p=17}} Bhausaheb Maharaj belonged to the [[Deshastha Brahmin]] caste.{{sfn|Boucher|n.d.}} the same caste to which the thirteenth century [[Varkari]] saint and philosopher [[Dnyaneshwar]] belonged, the 16th century sant [[Eknath]], and the 17th century saint and spiritual poet [[Samarth Ramdas]].{{sfn|Bokil|1979|p=18}}

At the request of Nimbargi,{{sfn|Boucher|n.d.}}<ref group=web name="RanadeBhausaheb" /> Bhausaheb Maharaj Deshpande (1843 Umdi – 1914 Inchgiri)<ref group=web name="RanadeBhausaheb">{{Cite web |url=http://www.gurudevranade.com/bmhis.html |title=Gurudev R.D. Ranade, ''Sadguru Shri Bhausaheb Maharaj Umdikar'' |access-date=2013-01-19 |archive-date=2020-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211064656/http://www.gurudevranade.com/bmhis.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> received mantra initiation{{sfn|Boucher|n.d.}} from Shri Raghunathpriya Sadhu Maharaj,{{sfn|Boucher|n.d.}}<ref group=web name="RanadeBhausaheb" /> who was an ardent follower and a devoted disciple of Shri Gurulingajangam Maharaj.{{sfn|Ranade|1982|p={{page needed|date=March 2021}}}}<ref group=web name="RanadeBhausaheb" /> Bhausaheb Maharaj became a disciple of Nimbargi Maharaj.<ref group=web name="RanadeBhausaheb" />

Bhausaheb Maharaj teachings were collected in a book called ''Nama-Yoga'', a term coined by the compilers and translators of the book, whereas Bhausaheb Maharaj himself called it Jnana Marga, just like Nimbargi Maharaj did.{{sfn|Boucher|n.d.}} Bhausaheb Maharaj's teachings, and those of his student Gurudeo Ranade, have been called ''Pipilika Marg '',<ref group=web name="nondualite.free.fr-Siddharameshwar">[http://nondualite.free.fr/c_profile.htm http://nondualite.free.fr, ''Shri Sadguru Siddharameshwar Maharaj'']</ref> "the Ant's way",<ref group=web name="nondualite.free.fr-Siddharameshwar" /> the way of meditation,<ref group=web name="sadguru.us-birdsway">[http://sadguru.us/thebirdsway.html sadguru.us, ''The Bird's way''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150330175504/http://sadguru.us/thebirdsway.html |date=2015-03-30 }}</ref> while the teachings of Siddharameshwar Maharaj and his disciples Nisargadatta Maharaj and Ranjit Maharaj have been called ''Vihangam Marg'',<ref group=web name="nondualite.free.fr-Siddharameshwar" /> "the Bird's Way", the direct path to Self-discovery.<ref group=web name="sadguru.us-birdsway" />{{refn|group=note|sadguru.us: "The way of meditation is a long arduous path while the Bird's Way is a clear direct path of Self investigation, Self exploration, and using thought or concepts as an aid to understanding and Self-Realization. Sometimes this approach is also called the Reverse Path. What Reverse Path indicates is the turning around of one's attention away from objectivity to the more subjective sense of one's Beingness. (Compare [[Jinul]]'s "tracing back the radiance": {{Citation | last =Buswell | first =Robert E. | year =1991 | title =Tracing Back the Radiance: Chinul's Korean Way of Zen | publisher =University of Hawaii Press | isbn =978-0-8248-1427-4}}). With the Bird's Way, first one's mind must be made subtle. This is generally done with some initial meditation on a mantra or phrase which helps the aspirant to step beyond the mental/conceptual body, using a concept to go beyond conceptualization."<ref group=web name="sadguru.us-birdsway" />}}{{refn|group=note|The terms appear in the Varaha Upanishad, Chapter IV: "34. (The Rishi) [[Shuka|Suka]] is a Mukta (emancipated person). (The Rishi) [[Vamadeva]] is a Mukta. There are no others (who have attained emancipation) than through these (viz., the two paths of these two Rishis). Those brave men who follow the path of Suka in this world become Sadyo-Muktas (viz., emancipated) immediately after (the body wear away); 
35. While those who always follow the path of Vamadeva (i.e., Vedanta) in this world are subject again and again to rebirths and attain Krama (gradual) emancipation, through Yoga, Sankhya and Karmas associated with Sattva (Guna). 
36. Thus there are two paths laid down by the Lord of Devas (viz.,) the Suka and Vamadeva paths. The Suka path is called the bird's path; while the Vamadeva path is called the ant's path."<ref group=web>[http://www.swamij.com/upanishad-varaha-bhumikas.htm swamji.com, ''Seven Bhumikas'']</ref>}}

After his awakening he was authorized by Nimbargi to carry on the lineage,{{sfn|Boucher|n.d.}} and established the Inchegeri Sampraday.{{sfn|Frydman|1987}} Sri Bhausaheb Maharaj had many students, among which were:
* Sri Amburao Maharaj of Jigjivani (1857 Jigajevani – 1933 Inchgiri)<ref group=web name="RanadeAmburao">{{Cite web |url=http://www.gurudevranade.com/amhis.htm |title=Gurudev R.D. Ranade, ''Sadguru Shri Amburao Maharaj'' |access-date=2013-01-19 |archive-date=2020-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207090930/http://www.gurudevranade.com/amhis.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{sfn|Frydman|1987}}
* Sri Ramachandrarao Maharaj (1873 Horti – 1937 Kupakaddi)<ref group=web name="Ramachandrarao Maharaj">[http://samarthrangraomaharaj.org/maharaja-2.php, ''Shri Sadguru Ramachandrarao Maharaj'']</ref>
* [[Ramachandra Dattatrya Ranade|Sri Gurudev Ranade]] of Nimbal<ref group=web name="RanadeAmburao" /><ref group=web name="RanadeRanade">{{Cite web |url=http://www.gurudevranade.com/gmhis.html |title=Gurudev R.D. Ranade, ''Shri Gurudev R. D. Ranade'' |access-date=2013-01-19 |archive-date=2020-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217201811/http://www.gurudevranade.com/gmhis.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{sfn|Frydman|1987}}<ref group=web name="BridgeIndia">[http://bridge-india.blogspot.nl/2011/08/shri-gurudev-r-d-ranade.html Bridge-India, ''Shri Gurudev R.D. Ranade'']</ref>
* Girimalleshwar Maharaj{{sfn|Frydman|1987}}
* [[Siddharameshwar Maharaj|Sri Siddharameshwar Maharaj]] (1875–1936){{sfn|Boucher|n.d.}}{{sfn|Frydman|1987}}

====R.D. Ranade====
{{Main|Ramachandra Dattatrya Ranade}}

Ramachandra Dattatreya Ranade (1886–1957) was a scholar with an academic career. He taught at Willindon College, Sangli, on a regular basis before being invited to join Allahabad University as Head of Department of Philosophy where he rose to be the Vice-Chancellor. After retirement in 1946 he lived in an ashrama in a small village, Nimbal, near Solapur where he died on 6 June 1957.<ref group=web name="RanadeRanade" />

====Siddharameshwar Maharaj====
{{Main|Siddharameshwar Maharaj}}

Siddharameshwar Maharaj was born in 1888. In 1906<ref group=web name="RanjitHistory" /> he was initiated by his guru Bhausaheb Maharaj in Inchegeri in [[Bijapur district, Karnataka]] India, who taught mantra-meditation as the way to reach Final Reality.<ref group=web name="nondualite.free.fr-Siddharameshwar" /> In 1920 Siddharameshwar Maharaj started to set out on "the Bird's Path", the fast way to attain realisation, six years after Bhauhaseb maharaj had died.<ref group=web name="nondualite.free.fr-Siddharameshwar" /> His fellow-students opposed, but eventually he succeeded by himself.<ref group=web name="nondualite.free.fr-Siddharameshwar" />

[[Siddharameshwar Maharaj|Sri Siddharameshwar Maharaj]] initiated several well-known teachers:
* [[Ranjit Maharaj|Sri Ranjit Maharaj]];<ref group=web name ="Ranjit interview"/>
* Sri [[Nisargadatta Maharaj]] (1897–1981), who was with him for about two and a half years, 1933–1936;{{sfn|UNKNOWN|1980|pp=1–2}}

Siddharameshwar Maharaje used four books to give sermons on: [[Dasbodh]] of Saint Shri [[Samarth Ramdas]]; the [[Yoga Vasistha]]; "Sadachara" of Shri Shankaracharya; and the "Eknathi Bhagwat" of Sant [[Eknath]].<ref group=web name ="Ranjit interview"/>

=====Nisargadatta Maharaj=====
{{Main|Nisargadatta Maharaj}}

Nisargadatta started to give initiations in 1951, after a personal revelation from his guru, Siddharameshwar Maharaj:<ref group=web name=NisargadattaMaharajBiography>[http://www.enlightened-spirituality.org/Nisargadatta_Maharaj.html Nisargadatta Maharaj Biography] enlightened-spirituality.org</ref>
{{blockquote|Ever since his return to Bombay in 1938, Nisargadatta had been sought out by those desiring his counsel on spiritual matters. Many wanted to become his disciples and get formal mantra-initiation from him, reverentially calling him "Maharaj," "Great (Spiritual) King." Yet he was reluctant to have disciples and serve as a guru. Finally, in 1951, after receiving an inner revelation from Siddharamesvar, he began to initiate students into discipleship.<ref group=web name=NisargadattaMaharajBiography/>}}

Nisargadatta Maharaj attracted a broad following in the western world. He never appointed any successor, because
{{blockquote|[...] he wasn't allowed to appoint a successor. You have to remember that Nisargadatta wasn't realized himself when Siddharameshwar passed away.<ref group=web name="Remembering" />}}

Only a few persons were acknowledged as ''jnani'' by Sri Nisargadatta.<ref group=web name="Remembering" />{{refn|group=note|David Godman mentions [[Maurice Frydman]] and a Canadian called "Rudi".<ref group=web name="Remembering" />}} Nevertheless, several western teachers regard Sri Nisargadatta to be their guru.<ref group=web name="nisargadatta">[http://nisargadatta.org/pages/navnath_sampradaya.html nisargadatta.org, ''Navnath Sampradaya''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223050723/http://nisargadatta.org/pages/navnath_sampradaya.html |date=2015-02-23 }}</ref> Shri Ramakant Maharaj says to be "the only Indian direct disciple of Shri Nisargadatta Maharaj" who offers initiation into this lineage.<ref group=web name="Ramakant-information">[http://www.ramakantmaharaj.net/information.php Shri Ramakant Maharaj, ''Information'']</ref> He received the Naam mantra in 1962 from Shri Nisargadatta Maharaj, and spent the next 19 years with him.<ref group=web name="Ramakant">[http://www.ramakantmaharaj.net/ Shri Ramakant Maharaj]</ref>

=====Ranjit Maharaj=====
{{Main|Ranjit Maharaj}}

Sri Ranjit Maharaj (1913–2000) met Siddharameshwar Maharaj in 1924. The following year he was initiated by Siddharameshwar Maharaj. In 1934, at the age of 24, he took initiation to monkhood. Only in 1983, at the age of 70, initiated his first disciple, Shri Siddharameshwar Maharajs granddaughter in law.<ref group=web name="Ranjit">[http://sadguru.com/ranjitmaharaj.php sadguru.com, ''Shree Ranjit Maharj'']</ref>

=====Ganapatrao Maharaj Kannur=====
{{Main|Ganapatrao Maharaj Kannur}}

Shri Samartha Sadaguru Ganapatrao Maharaj Kannur (1909–2004) was initiated by Siddharameshwar Maharaj when he was thirteen. After graduation he attained liberation at age 24. Later in life he founded the Shanti Kuteer Ashram.<ref group=web>{{Cite web |url=http://www.shantikuteer.org/page.php?pi=3 |title=Biography of Shri S S Ganapatrao Maharaj Kannur |access-date=2014-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090712145353/http://www.shantikuteer.org/page.php?pi=3 |archive-date=2009-07-12 |url-status=usurped }}</ref>

=====Shri Muppin Kaadsiddheshwar Maharaj=====
{{Main|Kaadsiddheshwar}}

Shri Muppin Kaadsiddheshwar Maharaj was formally adopted by the 25th Virupaksha Kaadeshwar of the [[Kaneri Math]], [[Lingayat]] [[Parampara]], and invested as the 26th Mathadheepati of the (Siddhagiri) Kaneri Math, Lingayat Parampara, in 1922 at the age of 17.<ref group=web name="mazasadguruBiography">[http://mazasadguru.com/english/index_eng.html mazasadguru.com, ''Biography''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013044255/http://mazasadguru.com/english/index_eng.html |date=2013-10-13 }}</ref> He met Siddharameshwar Maharaj in 1935, who became his guru.<ref group=web name="mazasadguruBiography" />

==Lineage and succession==
{{Navnath Sampradaya – Inchegiri Sampradaya|class=wikitable|state=expanded}}

Nisargadatta narrates the following about the succession of teachers of the Inchagiri Sampradaya:
{{blockquote|I sit here every day answering your questions, but this is not the way that the teachers of my lineage used to do their work. A few hundred years ago there were no questions and answers at all. Ours is a householder lineage, which means everyone had to go out and earn his living. There were no meetings like this where disciples met in large numbers with the Guru and asked him questions. Travel was difficult. There were no buses, trains and planes. In the old days the Guru did the traveling on foot, while the disciples stayed at home and looked after their families. The Guru walked from village to village to meet the disciples. If he met someone he thought was ready to be included in the sampradaya, he would initiate him with mantra of the lineage. That was the only teaching given out. The disciple would repeat the mantra and periodically the Guru would come to the village to see what progress was being made. When the Guru knew that he was about to pass away, he would appoint one of the householder-devotees to be the new Guru, and that new Guru would then take on the teaching duties: walking from village to village, initiating new devotees and supervising the progress of the old ones.<ref group=web name="Remembering">[http://davidgodman.org/interviews/nis1.shtml David Godman, ''Remembering Nisargadatta Maharaj pt.1'']</ref>}}

Nisargadatta also told:
{{blockquote|There is a succession of Gurus and their disciples, who in turn train more disciples and thus the line is maintained. But the continuity of tradition is informal and voluntary. It is like a family name, but here the family is spiritual.{{sfn|Nisargadatta|1973|loc=chapter 97}}}}

Nisargadatta also explained:
{{blockquote|Q:How does one become a Navnath? By initiation or by succession?

M:Neither. The 'Nine Masters' tradition, Navnath Parampara, is like a river -- it flows into the ocean of reality and whoever enters it is carried along.

Q:Does it imply acceptance by a living master belonging to the same tradition?

M:Those who practice the sadhana of focusing their minds on 'I am' may feel related to others who have followed the same sadhana succeeded. They may decide to verbalise their sense of kinship by calling themselves Navnaths. It gives them the pleasure of belonging to an established tradition.{{sfn|Nisargadatta|1973|loc=chapter 97}}}}

Nisargadatta further explains:
{{blockquote|Q:Do you have to realise to join the Sampradaya?

M:The Navnath Sampradayais is only a tradition, a way of teaching and practice. It does not denote a level of consciousness. If you accept a Navnath Sampradayateacher as your Guru, you join his Sampradaya. Usually you receive a token of his grace – a look, a touch, or a word, sometimes a vivid dream or a strong remembrance. Sometimes the only sign of grace is a significant and rapid change in character and behavior.

Q:I know you now for some years and I meet you regularly. The thought of you is never far from my mind. Does it make me belong to your Sampradaya?

M:Your belonging is a matter of your own feeling and conviction. After all, it is all verbal and formal. In reality there is neither Guru nor disciple, neither theory nor practice, neither ignorance nor realization. It all depends on what you take yourself to be. Know yourself correctly. There is no substitute to self-knowledge.

Q:What proof will I have that I know myself correctly?

M:You need no proofs. The experience is unique and unmistakable. It will dawn on you suddenly, when the obstacles are removed to some extent. It is like a frayed rope snapping.{{sfn|Nisargadatta|1973|loc=chapter 97}}}}

Nisargadatta started to give initiations in 1951, after a "personal revelation" from his guru, Siddharameshwar Maharaj,<ref group=web name=NisargadattaMaharajBiography /> while Ranjit Maharaj started to give initiations in 1983, almost half a century after his awakening, on request of Siddharameshwar Maharaj granddaughter-in-law:<ref group=web name ="Ranjit interview" />
{{blockquote|In 1936, when he passed away, I was living my simple life because I never wanted to become a Master [laughs]. I started to teach in 1983 because my Master's granddaughter-in-law wanted me to give her a mantra. She said to me, "I want a mantra from you." If I didn't give her a mantra, then I'd be faithless to Siddharameshwar Maharaj. So by my Master's order and grace I started to teach, and at this moment I teach you. [laughs].<ref group=web name ="Ranjit interview">[http://www.inner-quest.org/Ranjit_Interview.htm Ranjit interview]</ref>}}

==See also==
* [[Avadhuta]]
* [[Lingayat]]
* [[Basava]]
* [[Maharashtra]]
* [[Hindu denominations]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note|30em}}

==References==
{{reflist|20em}}

==Sources==

===Printed sources===
{{refbegin}}
* {{citation | last =Bokil | first =Vinayak Pandurang | year =1979 | title =Rajguru Ramdas | publisher =Kamalesh P. Bokil : sole distributors, International Book Service| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zFoqAAAAYAAJ}}
* {{Citation | last =Boucher | first =Cathy | date =n.d. | title =The Lineage of Nine Gurus. The Navnath Sampradaya and Sri Nisargadatta Maharaj | url =http://nisargadatta.net/Navnath_Sampradaya.html}}
* {{Citation | last =Dabade | first =K.D. | year =1998 | title =Sociology of religion: a case study of Nimbargi Sampradaya | publisher =Mangala Publications}}
* {{Citation | last =Frydman | first =Maurice | year =1987 | title =Navanath Sampradaya. In: I Am That. Sri Nisargadatta Maharaj | place =Bombay | publisher =Chetana}}
* {{Citation | last =Kotnis | first =Anant Narsinha | year =1963 | title =Life sketch of Sant Tatyasaheb Kotnis}}
* {{Citation | last =Nisargadatta | year =1973 | title =I Am That | url =http://www.anandavala.info/miscl/I_Am_That.pdf | access-date =2014-09-19 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20180127181347/http://www.anandavala.info/miscl/I_Am_That.pdf | archive-date =2018-01-27 | url-status =dead }}
* {{Citation | last =Ranade | first =R.D. | year =1982 |title=Mysticism In Maharashtra}}{{full citation needed|date=March 2021}}
* {{Citation | last =UNKNOWN |date=April 4, 1980 |title=Prior to Consciousness}}{{full citation needed|date=March 2021}}
{{refend}}

===Web-sources===
{{reflist|group=web}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
;Teachings
* {{Citation |ref=none |last=Samartha Ramdas |year=2010 |title=Dasbodh - Spiritual Instruction for the Servant |publisher=Sadguru Publishing}}
* {{Citation |ref=none |last=Nimbargi Maharaj |year=1978 |title=Nimbargi Maharaj, His Life and Teaching ("Bodha-sude") |publisher=Academy of Comparative Philosophy and Religion}}
* {{Citation |ref=none |last1=Nimbargi Maharaj |last2=Raghunathacharya Adya |translator1=Sucharita Bhagwat |translator2=Suresh Gajendragadkar |year=1975 |orig-year=1908 |title=Nectar of Illumination: Teachings of Shree Nimbargi Maharaj ("Shree Maharajarawar Vachana") |publisher=Bhagwat |url=http://adityaeiplhotmail.wordpress.com/}}
* {{Citation |ref=none |last=Deshpande |first=Manohar Srinivas |year=1978 |title=Sri Bhausaheb Maharaj: Life-sketch and Nama-yoga |publisher=Academy of Comparative Philosophy and Religion}}
* {{Citation |ref=none |last=((Unknown author)) |year=1978 |title=Sri Amburao Maharaj: Life-sketch & Practical Philosophy |publisher=Academy of Comparative Philosophy and Religion}}
* {{Citation |ref=none |last=Siddhrameswar Maharaj |year=2009 |title=Master of Self-Realization. An Ultimate Understanding |publisher=Sadguru Publishing |url=http://nem2.ucoz.hu/PDF/Master_of_Self-Realization.pdf |access-date=2014-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006100700/http://nem2.ucoz.hu/PDF/Master_of_Self-Realization.pdf |archive-date=2014-10-06 |url-status=dead}}
* {{Citation |ref=none |last=Nisargadatta |year=1973 |title=I Am That |url=http://www.anandavala.info/miscl/I_Am_That.pdf |access-date=2014-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127181347/http://www.anandavala.info/miscl/I_Am_That.pdf |archive-date=2018-01-27 |url-status=dead}}
* {{Citation |ref=none |last=Ranjit Maharaj |year=2010 |title=Illusion Vs. Reality |publisher=Sadguru Publishing}}
* {{Citation |ref=none |last=Ramakant Maharaj |year=2015 |title=Selfless Self |publisher=Selfless Self Press}}
;Background
* {{Citation |ref=none |last=Rigopoulos |first=Antonio |year=1985 |title=Dattatreya: The Immortal Guru, Yogin, and Avatara: A Study of the Transformative and Inclusive Character of a Multi-faceted Hindu Deity |publisher=SUNY Press}}
* {{Citation |ref=none |last=Dabade |first=K. B. |year=1998 |title=Sociology of Religion: A Case Study of Nimbargi Sampradaya |publisher=Mangala Publications}}
* {{Citation |ref=none |last=Date |first=Vinayak Hari |year=1982 |title=R.D. Ranade and His Spiritual Lineage |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan}}
* {{Citation |ref=none |last=Boucher |first=Cathy |title=The Lineage of Nine Gurus. The Navnath Sampradaya and Sri Nisargadatta Maharaj |url=http://nisargadatta.net/Navnath_Sampradaya.html}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
'''General'''
*[http://gurudevranadelifephilosophy.blogspot.nl/2008/01/nimbargi-sampradaya.html List of important personalities of Nimbargi Sampradaya]
*[http://acprbgm.org/ Academy of Comparative Philosophy and Religion]
'''Homepages'''
*[http://www.gurudevranade.com/gmhis.html Gurudev R.D Ranade homepage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217201811/http://www.gurudevranade.com/gmhis.html |date=2020-02-17 }}
*[http://www.sadguru.com/index.php Sadguru, Sri Ranjit Maharaj homepage] & [http://www.inner-quest.org/Ranjit_Interview.htm Interview with Sri Ranjit]
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20130217081326/http://www.shantikuteer.org/start.php ShantiKuteer, Shree Samarth Sadguru Ganapatrao Maharaj Kannur homepage]}}
*[http://www.nisargadatta.net/ Nisarga Datta Maharaj homepage]
*[http://www.ramakantmaharaj.net/ Ramakant Maharaj, "a direct disciple" of Nisargadatta]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20131013044255/http://mazasadguru.com/english/index_eng.html Shri Muppin Kaadsiddheswar Maharaj homepage]
*[http://www.t.me/ramakantmaharaj Sri Ramakant Maharaj and Inchegiri Navnath Sadgurus Telegram channel]

{{Hindudharma}}{{Shaivism}}

[[Category:Inchagiri Sampradaya| ]]
[[Category:Hindu denominations]]
[[Category:Hinduism in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Advaita]]
[[Category:Shaivism]]

Mickky Pacheco

2026-04-16T04:49:05Z

ShereeScotto4: New

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1964)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Mickky Pacheco
| image = Mickky Pacheco (cropped).png
| birth_name = Francisco Xavier Pacheco
| caption = Pacheco in 2014
| office1 = Member of [[Goa Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency1 = [[Nuvem Assembly constituency|Nuvem]]
| predecessor1 = ''constituency established''
| successor1 = [[Wilfred D'sa]]
| term_start1 = 7 March 2012
| term_end1 = 18 March 2017
| office2 = Minister of Rural Development and Archaeology and Archives, Goa
| term_start2 = 8 November 2014
| term_end2 = 4 April 2015
| office4 = Minister of Tourism, Goa
| term_start4 = 3 June 2002
| term_end4 = 14 June 2004
| term_start5 = 25 June 2007
| term_end5 = 5 June 2010
| office6 = Captain of Ports
| term_start6 = 3 June 2002
| term_end6 = 14 June 2004
| term_start7 = 17 December 2007
| term_end7 = 5 June 2010
| office8 = Minister of Housing
| term_start8 = 25 June 2007
| term_end8 = 5 June 2010
| office9 = Minister of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Goa
| term_start9 = 25 June 2005
| term_end9 = 5 June 2007
| office11 = Minister of Sports and Youth Affairs
| term_start11 = 3 June 2002
| term_end11 = 14 June 2004
| office12 = Member of Goa Legislative Assembly
| constituency12 = [[Benaulim Assembly constituency|Benaulim]]
| predecessor12 = [[Churchill Alemao]]
| successor12 = [[Caetano Silva]]
| term_start12 = June 2002
| term_end12 = 30 Dec 2011
| birth_place = [[Benaulim]], Goa, India
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1964|12|12|df=y}}
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| other_party = {{plainlist|
*[[Goa Su-Raj Party]]
*[[Goa Vikas Party]]
*[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
*[[United Goans Democratic Party]] (2002–2005)
*[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]}}
| spouse = {{ubl|
* {{marriage|Sara Pacheco|1999|2009|end=divorced}}
* Viola Pacheco}}
| partner = Nadia Torrado (2006–2010)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/pachecos-wife-quizzed-by-goa-cops-75379.html|title=Pacheco's wife quizzed by Goa cops|website=Deccan Herald}}</ref>
| footnotes = '''References''' 
[http://www.goavidhansabha.gov.in/uploads/members/9_profile_FPacheco-12.pdf MLA Profile]
[http://goaassembly.gov.in/member-election-detail.php?id=9&flag=MLA Previous Election Details]
}}

'''Francisco Xavier''' "'''Mickky'''" '''Pacheco'''<ref name=MLA>{{cite web|title=Shri Francisco Xavier Pacheco (Mickky)|url=http://www.goavidhansabha.gov.in/uploads/members/9_profile_FPacheco-12.pdf|publisher=[[Goa Legislative Assembly]]|accessdate=9 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Goa Minister Mickky Pacheco, Guilty of Slapping Official, Resigns |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/goa-minister-mickky-pacheco-guilty-of-slapping-official-resigns-751911 |access-date=2023-11-23 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> (born 12 December 1964)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Goa Legislative Assembly |url=https://www.goavidhansabha.gov.in/member_detail.php?mem_id=%2049 |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=www.goavidhansabha.gov.in}}</ref> is an Indian politician who is a former three-term member of the [[Goa Legislative Assembly]], representing the [[Nuvem Assembly constituency|Nuvem]] and [[Benaulim Assembly constituency|Benaulim]] constituencies and former leader of the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref name=toi>{{cite news|title=Goa Vikas Party supremo to lend colour to new cabinet|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Goa-Vikas-Party-supremo-to-lend-colour-to-new-cabinet/articleshow/45141082.cms|accessdate=9 October 2015|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=14 November 2014|location=[[Panaji]]}}</ref> He held portfolios of Rural Development, Archeology and Archives, Tourism, Captain of Ports, Housing, Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, and Sports and Youth Affairs in the state cabinet.<ref name=MLA/>

In 2015, Pacheco was convicted of assaulting a government official and sentenced to imprisonment for six months,<ref name=indian-express>{{cite news|author1=Utkarsh Anand|title=Supreme court asks former Goa Minister Francisco Pacheco to 'surrender immediately'|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/supreme-court-asks-former-goa-minister-francisco-pacheco-to-surrender-immediately/|accessdate=9 October 2015|publisher=[[The Indian Express]]|date=12 May 2015|location=New Delhi}}</ref> forcing him to resign from his ministerial post.<ref name=zee>{{cite news|title=Goa minister Francisco Pacheco, convicted for slapping government servant, resigns|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/goa/goa-minister-francisco-pacheco-convicted-for-slapping-government-servant-resigns_1572395.html|accessdate=9 October 2015|publisher=[[Zee News]]|date=3 April 2015|location=Panaji}}</ref>

==Political career==

Pacheco won the [[2002 Goa Legislative Assembly election|2002 Legislative Assembly election]] as a member of the [[United Goans Democratic Party]].<ref name=previous>{{cite web|title=Shri Francisco Xavier Pacheco Previous Election Details|url=http://goaassembly.gov.in/member-election-detail.php?id=9&flag=MLA|publisher=Goa Legislative Assembly|accessdate=9 October 2015}}</ref> He later split and formed the [[United Goans Democratic Party (Secular)]], which merged with the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in January 2005.<ref>{{cite news|author1=Sanjay Banerjee|title=Regional party MLA joins BJP|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/Regional-party-MLA-joins-BJP/articleshow/1002793.cms|accessdate=9 October 2015|work=The Times of India|date=27 January 2005|location=Panaji}}</ref> He later joined the [[Nationalist Congress Party]] (NCP) and won the [[2007 Goa Legislative Assembly election|2007 election]].<ref name=previous/> Prior to the [[2012 Goa Legislative Assembly election|2012 Legislative Assembly election]], he left the NCP and joined the [[Goa Vikas Party]] (GVP).<ref>{{cite news|title=Pacheco joins Goa Vikas Party|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/pacheco-joins-goa-vikas-party/article2765555.ece|accessdate=9 October 2015|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=1 January 2012|location=Panaji}}</ref> Pacheco's wife [[Viola Pacheco]] was made the GVP president in 2012 he quit Goa Vikas Party and joined the Goa Su-raj Party; he lost the Nuvem Constituency in the hands of sitting ZP Member of Nuvem Wilfred D'sa.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mickky opens offices at Loutulim, Nuvem|url=http://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/Mickky-opens-offices-at-Loutulim-Nuvem-/76720.html|accessdate=9 October 2015|publisher=[[O Heraldo]]|date=4 August 2014|location=[[Margao]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Mickky yet to contact Viola, buddies clueless|url=http://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/%E2%80%88%E2%80%88Mickky-yet-to-contact-Viola-buddies-clueless-/88446.html|accessdate=9 October 2015|publisher=O Heraldo|date=13 May 2015|location=Panaji}}</ref>

In 1981, while he was in seventh standard, Pacheco dropped out of school and became a tailor "to support his family". As per his affidavit in the 2012 Legislative Assembly election, he has assets worth {{INRConvert|5.96|c|year=2012}}.<ref name=express/> He was an associate of former [[List of Chief Ministers of Goa|Chief Minister of Goa]] [[Churchill Alemao]], but defeated him in the 2002 election.<ref name=herald>{{cite news|title=The rise and fall of Mickky|url=http://www.epaperoheraldo.in/epaperpdf/442015/442015-md-hr-2.pdf|accessdate=9 October 2015|publisher=O Heraldo|date=4 April 2015}}{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Several criminal cases are registered against Pacheco; he was also alleged by the United States (US) authorities of his involvement in illegal immigration of [[Goan]] youth to the US and money laundering racket.<ref name=express>{{cite news|author1=Shalini Nair|title=The case of Francisco Mickky Pacheco: From humble beginning, to flashy lifestyle & run-ins with law |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/francisco-mickky-pacheco-from-humble-beginning-to-flashy-lifestyle-run-ins-with-law/|accessdate=9 October 2015|publisher=The Indian Express|date=7 May 2015|location=[[Mumbai]]}}</ref><ref name=herald/>

==Personal life==
Belonging to a [[Catholicism|Catholic]] family,<ref>{{cite news|title=Convicted Goa MLA wants pardon because of hypertension!|work=[[Oneindia]]|date=1 August 2015}}</ref> Pacheco claims to be from a "very poor family".<ref name=bbc>{{cite news|author1=Soutik Biswas|title='Bling-bling' birthday for Goan politician|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3304983.stm|access-date=9 October 2015|work=[[BBC News]]|date=10 December 2003}}</ref> He dropped out of school in 1981 when he was in seventh standard, and became a tailor "to support his family".<ref name=express/><ref name=myneta>{{cite web|title=Francisco Xavier Pacheco|url=http://myneta.info/goa2012/candidate.php?candidate_id=102|website=myneta.info|publisher=[[Association for Democratic Reforms]]|accessdate=9 October 2015}}</ref> Later he moved to [[Bahrain]] and the US.<ref name=express/> Pacheco says that he is still a fashion designer, and owns a showroom in Paris.<ref name=bbc/> Pacheco is a fan of [[Tupac Shakur]] and [[Snoop Dogg]], and was a bass guitarist in a local band.<ref name=bbc/> Pacheco was the owner of a [[Association football|football]] club [[Fransa-Pax FC]], which was dissolved in March 2006 as a protest against the [[All India Football Federation]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Fransa to be disbanded: Pacheco|url=http://www.rediff.com/sports/report/nfl/20060323.htm|accessdate=9 October 2015|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=23 March 2006}}</ref>

==Reception==
Pacheco has been involved in various controversies,<ref name=express/> and has ten criminal cases registered against him.<ref name=myneta/> In June 2006, Pacheco slapped a junior engineer Kapil Natekar for not attending his personal assistant's call.<ref name="zee"/> Pacheco was sentenced to imprisonment for six months.<ref name=zee/> In June 2010, he was arrested over his alleged involvement in the suicide of his girlfriend Nadia Torrado.<ref name=herald/> He was forced to resign from his ministerial post in the then [[Indian National Congress]]-led government, but was later given a clean chit due to absence of evidence.<ref name=herald/> His estranged wife Sara Pacheco accused him of [[bigamy]] under the [[Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005]].<ref name=herald/> Other cases against him are road rage, abusing and threatening a traffic police constable in [[Margao]], forgery in property deals, and extortion of {{INRConvert|3.69|l|year=2009}} from a casino in 2009.<ref name=express/><ref name=herald/>

Pacheco was probed by the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] when the United States' [[Bureau of Diplomatic Security]] alleged his involvement in illegal immigration of [[Goan]] youth and a money laundering racket.<ref name="express"/><ref name=herald/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pacheco, Mickky}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Benaulim]]
[[Category:Indian politicians convicted of crimes]]
[[Category:Nationalist Congress Party politicians from Goa]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Goa]]
[[Category:Corruption in Goa]]
[[Category:Goa Vikas Party politicians]]
[[Category:Goa MLAs 2002–2007]]
[[Category:Goa MLAs 2007–2012]]
[[Category:Goa MLAs 2012–2017]]
[[Category:1964 births]]

Isha Foundation

2026-04-16T04:33:24Z

ShereeScotto4: Creating

{{short description|Spiritual organisation founded by Jaggi Vasudev}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Isha Foundation
| logo = Logo of Isha Foundation.png
| logo_size = 150px
| type = [[Nonprofit organization]]
| founded = {{Start date and age|1992|df=y}}
| founder = [[Sadhguru]]
| location = [[Coimbatore]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| region_served = [[India]], [[Lebanon]], [[United States]], [[United Kingdom]], [[Australia]], [[Malaysia]], [[Singapore]]
| focus = [[Yoga]], social upliftment, ecological conservation
| method = Yoga programs, [[meditation]], tree planting, rural upliftment
| num_volunteers =
| website = {{URL|isha.sadhguru.org}}
| dissolved =
| footnotes =
| revenue = $40m (US chapter)
| revenue_year = 2022
}}

The '''Isha Foundation''' is a [[Nonprofit organization|nonprofit]], [[Spirituality|spiritual]] organisation that was founded in 1992 near [[Coimbatore]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]], by [[Sadhguru]] (Jagadish Vasudev).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/the-most-powerful-indians-in-2009-8084/432810/ |title=The most powerful Indians in 2009: 80–84 |date=9 March 2009 |access-date=25 January 2011 |publisher=[[Indian Express]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128080021/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/the-most-powerful-indians-in-2009-8084/432810/ |archive-date=28 January 2011 }}</ref> It hosts the Isha Yoga Centre, which offers [[yoga]] programs under the name Isha Yoga. The foundation is run "almost entirely" by volunteers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Volunteering Opportunities |url=https://isha.sadhguru.org/uk/en/volunteer |publisher=Isha Foundation |access-date=16 August 2021 |quote=Isha Foundation is almost entirely volunteer run. Every single action and activity of the foundation and its worldwide centers is done on a volunteer basis.}}</ref><ref name="guin">{{Cite news |author=Staff Reporter |date=2010-06-08 |title=Award for Project Green Hands |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/Award-for-Project-Green-Hands/article16241799.ece |access-date=2022-11-08 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/09/12/stories/2007091250720200.htm |title='Special Consultative Status' for Isha Foundation |date=12 September 2007 |access-date=23 January 2011 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108180106/http://www.hindu.com/2007/09/12/stories/2007091250720200.htm |archive-date=8 November 2012 }}</ref> According to Sadhguru, the word ''isha'' means "the formless divine".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lifepositive.com/Spirit/Jaggi_Vasudev/Exploring_the_unlimited122004.asp |title=Jaggi Vasudev – Exploring the unlimited |access-date=25 January 2011 |publisher=Life Positive |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110505071255/http://www.lifepositive.com/Spirit/Jaggi_Vasudev/Exploring_the_unlimited122004.asp |archive-date=5 May 2011 }}</ref><ref name=goutham>{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report_in-pursuit-of-peace-of-mind_1496488 |title=In pursuit of peace of mind |first=Shruti |last=Goutham |place=Bangalore |date=20 January 2011 |access-date=25 January 2011 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330224117/http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report_in-pursuit-of-peace-of-mind_1496488 |archive-date=30 March 2012 }}</ref>

==Isha Yoga==
[[File:Bse class.jpg|thumb|Vasudev conducting an "Inner Engineering" class at [[Bombay Stock Exchange|BSE]], [[Mumbai]]]]

The Yoga Centre at the Isha Foundation was founded in 1994,<ref name=gobalakrishnan-38>{{harvnb|Gobalakrishnan|2019|p=38}}</ref> and offers yoga programmes under the name Isha Yoga. This customised system of yoga<ref name=goutham /> combines postural yoga with chanting, breathing (''[[Pranayama|prāṇāyāma]]'')<ref name=goutham/> and meditation.<ref name=waghorne-285>{{harvnb|Waghorne|2013|p=285}}</ref> It does not belong to a lineage (''[[Guru–shishya tradition|paramparā]]''), and its practitioners believe it to be based on the founding guru's unique insight.<ref name=waghorne-285 />

Yoga classes for business leaders are intended to "introduce a sense of compassion and inclusiveness" to economics.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://businesstoday.intoday.in/bt/story/3428/1/the-route-to-dharmacracy.html |title=The route to 'dharmacracy' |date=27 November 2008 |access-date=25 January 2011 |publisher=[[Business Today (business magazine)|Business Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/sadhguru/inclusive-economics-enabl_b_577667.html |title=Inclusive Economics: Enabling the World' |date=17 May 2010 |access-date=25 January 2011 |publisher=[[Huffington Post]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100622043223/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/sadhguru/inclusive-economics-enabl_b_577667.html |archive-date=22 June 2010 }}</ref>

A yoga course for the [[India men's national field hockey team|Indian national hockey team]] was conducted in 1996.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ishafoundation.org/component/option,com_newscomponent/Itemid,885/act,view/id,687/ |title=Morale-Booster says Bhaskaran |date=26 November 1996 |publisher=[[Indian Express]]}}</ref> Isha Foundation began conducting yoga programs in the [[United States]] in 1997<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ishafoundation.org/news/newsclips/nashville1.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303195500/https://www.ishafoundation.org/news/newsclips/nashville1.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 March 2020 |title=Yoga guru touts peace, not religion |date=15 October 1997 |work=[[The Tennessean]]| first=Jay|last=Hamburg| pages=1B–2B}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ishafoundation.org/component/option,com_newscomponent/Itemid,885/act,view/id,897/lang,ta/ |title=It doesn't take a guru to know which way the stress flows |date=17 March 1998 |publisher=[[Dayton Daily News]]}}</ref> and, in 1998, yoga classes for [[Life imprisonment|life-term prisoners]] in Tamil Nadu [[prisons]].<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.ishafoundation.org/component/option,com_newscomponent/Itemid,93/act,view/id,883/lang,en/|title=Yoga Brings 'Freedom' to Prisoners |date=16 February 1999 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Activities ==
The foundation organises gatherings (''[[satsang|sathsangs]]'') with Vasudev in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian states]] of [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Karnataka]], where he delivers discourses, leads meditations, and conducts question-answer sessions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/12/14/stories/2010121450650300.htm |title=Isha's Green Salem goes on stream |date=14 December 2010 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=25 January 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111130211627/http://www.hindu.com/2010/12/14/stories/2010121450650300.htm |archive-date=30 November 2011}}</ref> It organises annual pilgrimages (''[[yatra]]s'') to [[Mount Kailash]] and the [[Himalayas]] under Isha Sacred Walks.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-09-25 |title=Seekers from around the world meet Sadhguru in Kashi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/seekers-from-around-the-world-meet-sadhguru-in-kashi/articleshow/71309452.cms |access-date=2024-06-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The Kailash-[[Lake Manasarovar|Manasarovar]] pilgrimage led by Vasudev is among the largest groups to visit Kailash, with 514 pilgrims making the journey in 2010.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2009/jun/29/isha-shows-the-way-62983.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904204120/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2009/jun/29/isha-shows-the-way-62983.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 September 2017|title=Isha shows the way |date=29 June 2009 |work=[[Indian Express]] |access-date=25 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report_mansarovar-is-beyond-words_1431882 |title=Mansarovar is beyond words|date=1 September 2010 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |access-date=25 January 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330221929/http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report_mansarovar-is-beyond-words_1431882|archive-date=30 March 2012}}</ref> The trip cost up to Rs {{INRConvert|5|m}} per person in 2021, with cheaper options available in which devotees receive limited interaction with Vasudev.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2021/05/19/trick-of-the-trade-how-sadhgurus-isha-foundation-evades-paying-taxes|title=Trick of the trade: How Sadhguru's Isha Foundation evades paying taxes|date=19 May 2021|last=Goyal|first=Prateek|work=Newslaundry}}</ref>

The centre hosts an annual seven-day-long music and dance festival culminating in the all-night celebration of [[Maha Shivaratri]], a major Hindu festival honouring [[Shiva]].<ref name="Hudson 2017 2">{{harvnb|Hudson|Hudson|2017|p=2}}</ref>

The foundation sells various products such as yoga mats, personal care products and accessories. Its US chapter reported revenues of $40m in 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/621794866|title=Isha Foundation Inc|website=ProPublica|date=9 May 2013 |publisher=Pro Publica, Inc.|access-date=February 26, 2024|quote=Revenue $40,666,829 }}</ref> The “business leadership” insights program, in particular, was priced at $6500 per person.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/xgy8bw/climate-yoga-celebrity-sadhguru-india-will-smith-trevor-noah|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623093339/https://www.vice.com/en/article/xgy8bw/climate-yoga-celebrity-sadhguru-india-will-smith-trevor-noah|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 June 2022|title=This Climate Guru Is a Celebrity in the US. In India, He's Accused of Destroying a Forest |last=Pundir|first=Pallavi|date=23 June 2022|work=VICE}}</ref>

==Social and environmental initiatives==

===Project GreenHands===
[[File:PGH nurseries.jpg|thumb|right|Saplings being readied for transportation at a PGH nursery]]

Project GreenHands (PGH) was established in 2004 as an environmental organisation. Its activity is largely focused on [[Tamil Nadu]]. It received the [[Indira Gandhi Paryavaran Puraskar]], the [[Government of India]]'s environmental award, in 2010.<ref name="guin" /> Its activities include [[agroforestry]], plant nurseries in schools,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2018/feb/07/ishas-green-school-movement-kicks-off-in-kanchi-dist-1769618.html |title=Isha's Green School Movement kicks-off in Kanchi district |work=The New Indian Express |access-date=2018-08-15}}</ref> and tree-planting in urban centres such as [[Tiruchirappalli]]<ref>{{Cite news |author=Staff Reporter |date=4 October 2010 |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/Green-Tiruchi-Movement-seeks-to-rectify-ailing-environment/article15768688.ece |title=Green Tiruchi Movement seeks to rectify ailing environment |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> and [[Tiruppur]].<ref>{{Cite news| url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/Stalin-inaugurates-Green-Tirupur-Movement/article16539707.ece|title=Stalin inaugurates Green Tirupur Movement |date=25 August 2009 |work=The Hindu |access-date=2018-08-15|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

===Action for Rural Rejuvenation===

Action for Rural Rejuvenation is a health and community-oriented program focusing on rural Tamil Nadu. It was established in 2003, and as of 2010, operated in 4,200 villages with a population of seven million.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/10/13/stories/2010101352050300.htm |title=Isha Foundation launches Centre-funded project |date=13 October 2010 |access-date=30 October 2010 |work=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101016205818/http://www.hindu.com/2010/10/13/stories/2010101352050300.htm |archive-date=16 October 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysore/Jaggi-Vasudev-in-city-on-May-7/articleshow/4431480.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104003158/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-04-21/mysore/28055775_1_isha-foundation-programme-sadguru-jaggi-vasudev |url-status=live |archive-date=4 November 2012 |title=Jaggi Vasudev in city on May 7 |date=21 April 2010 |access-date=30 October 2010 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

Action for Rural Rejuvenation hosts the annual Gramotsavam sports festival in Tamil Nadu, promoting sports as a part of daily life in rural communities to improve mental and physical well-being.<ref>{{Cite web| title=Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Puraskar for Isha Outreach| work = The New Indian Express| date = 26 September 2018| accessdate=7 August 2021 | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2018/sep/26/rashtriya-khel-protsahan-puraskar-for-isha-outreach-1877222.html}}</ref> In recognition of this effort, Isha received India's [[Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Puraskar|National Sports Promotion Award]] in the Sport for Development category in 2018.<ref>{{Cite news| title = Sadhguru's Isha Outreach gets Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Puraskar| work = Star of Mysore| accessdate = 2021-08-07| date = 2018-09-26| url = https://starofmysore.com/sadhgurus-isha-outreach-gets-rashtriya-khel-protsahan-puraskar/}}</ref>

===Isha Vidhya===
[[File:Isha Home School.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.35|Isha Home School premises.]]
Isha Vidhya, an education initiative, aims to raise education and literacy in rural India by providing quality English-language-based, computer-aided education for children. There are seven Isha Vidhya Schools, with around 3000 students.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}} In 2010, the [[Life Insurance Corporation|Life Insurance Corporation of India]] Golden Jubilee Foundation provided a grant for construction at an Isha Vidhya School in [[Coimbatore]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hindu.com/2010/04/07/stories/2010040751230200.htm |title=LIC gives grant to Isha |date=7 April 2010 |access-date=2 February 2010 |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100410101532/http://www.hindu.com/2010/04/07/stories/2010040751230200.htm |archive-date=10 April 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In March 2022, the initiative onboarded [[Byju's]] to provide digital learning tools to underprivileged children in Tamil Nadu and [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Edtech firm BYJU's partners with NGO Isha Vidhya to educate children in rural areas |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/edugraph/news/edtech-firm-byjus-partners-with-ngo-isha-vidhya-to-educate-children-in-rural-areas/cid/1856909 |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref>

===Rally for Rivers===

Rally for Rivers was a month-long, nationwide campaign launched by Isha Foundation in 2017 to address the scarcity of water across rivers in [[India]] and instill awareness about protecting rivers.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://addieu.com/events/rally-for-rivers-our-major-rivers-are-dying-help-save-our-rivers/255/ |title=Rally for Rivers|date=2017-09-08|work=Addieu|access-date=2017-09-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005001858/https://addieu.com/events/rally-for-rivers-our-major-rivers-are-dying-help-save-our-rivers/255/|archive-date=5 October 2017}}</ref> Vasudev launched the campaign on 3 September from Isha Yoga Centre, Coimbatore.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Isha Foundation launches 'Rally for Rivers' campaign in city|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/isha-yoga-launches-rally-for-rivers-campaign-in-city/articleshow/59519542.cms |author=Times of India |website=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908222537/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/isha-yoga-launches-rally-for-rivers-campaign-in-city/articleshow/59519542.cms |archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/140917/go-green-for-rivers-sadhguru-jaggi-vasudev.html |title=Go green for rivers: Sadhguru Jaggi Vasudev |publisher=Deccan Chronicle |access-date=4 January 2018 |date=2017-09-13 }}</ref> On 3 October, a river revitalisation draft proposal was presented by Vasudev to [[Prime Minister of India]], [[Narendra Modi]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.livemint.com/Companies/QtPj7Z5lXVopc9qAKeZQ2K/Indian-economy-not-ready-for-a-startup-epidemic-Sadhguru-Ja.html |title=Indian economy not ready for a startup epidemic: Sadhguru Jaggi Vasudev |publisher=Live Mint |access-date=4 January 2018 |date=2017-11-28 }}</ref> The [[States and union territories of India|states]] of [[Karnataka]], [[Assam]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Maharashtra]] and [[Gujarat]] signed [[Memorandum of understanding|memorandums of understanding]] with Isha Foundation to plant trees along river banks.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/karnataka-isha-foundation-join-hands-to-plant-25-crore-saplings-along-riverbeds/articleshow/60446479.cms |title=Karnataka, Isha Foundation join hands to plant 25 crore saplings along riverbeds |newspaper=Times of India |date=10 September 2017 |access-date=4 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/environment/developmental-issues/maharashtra-to-organize-tree-plantation-conclave-to-conserve-and-protect-rivers/articleshow/60708752.cms |title=River conservation: Maharashtra to organize tree plantation conclave for awareness |newspaper=Times of India |date=16 September 2017 |access-date=4 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/chandigarh/people-govt-should-join-hands-to-save-dying-rivers-says-sadhguru/474807.html |title=People, govt should join hands to save dying rivers, says Sadhguru |publisher=Tribune India |access-date=4 January 2018 |date=2017-09-29 |archive-date=29 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929135610/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/chandigarh/people-govt-should-join-hands-to-save-dying-rivers-says-sadhguru/474807.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/assam-government-inks-mou-with-isha-foundation/articleshow/62123016.cms |title=Assam government inks MOU with Isha Foundation |newspaper=Economic Times |access-date=4 January 2018|date=2017-12-18 |last1=Singh |first1=Bikash }}</ref><ref name="Times of India">{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/niti-aayog-ceo-led-group-to-study-isha-foundations-proposals/articleshow/62045210.cms |title=Niti Aayog CEO-led group to study Isha Foundation's proposals |newspaper=Times of India |date=13 December 2017 |access-date=4 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://thehitavada.com/Encyc/2017/11/29/It-is-our-responsibility-to-hold-rainfall-and-allow-it-to-flow-365-days--Sadhguru.aspx |title=It is our responsibility to hold rainfall and allow it to flow 365 days: Sadhguru |publisher=The Hitavada |access-date=4 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222051906/http://thehitavada.com/Encyc/2017/11/29/It-is-our-responsibility-to-hold-rainfall-and-allow-it-to-flow-365-days--Sadhguru.aspx |archive-date=22 December 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The Niti Aayog and the Ministry of Water Resources constituted committees to study the draft policy proposal.<ref name="Times of India" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-pmo-asks-niti-aayog-to-examine-isha-foundation-s-river-revival-plan-2567199 |title=PMO asks NITI Aayog to examine Isha Foundation's river revival plan |publisher=DNA India |access-date=4 January 2018|date=2017-12-12 }}</ref> Under the name Rally for Rivers, a Cauvery calling campaign was organised which would last over a decade. The project mainly focuses on [[Kaveri|river Kaveri]]. In November, at a conference in Germany, the executive director of the [[United Nations Environment Programme]], [[Erik Solheim]], discussed Rally for Rivers with Vasudev, and how environmental programs around the world could emulate its success.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/rally-for-rivers-discussed-at-global-landscapes-forum/1216049 |title=Rally for Rivers discussed at Global Landscapes Forum |publisher=Outlook India |access-date=4 January 2018}}</ref>

Rally for Rivers has been criticised by environmentalists who allege that it was trying to solve a complex problem with a "shallow solution".<ref>{{cite news |title=Indians are incapable of being fanatics |url=https://gulfnews.com/lifestyle/indians-are-incapable-of-being-fanatics-1.2162297 |access-date=26 July 2019 |work=gulfnews.com}}</ref>

=== Cauvery Calling ===

The Cauvery Calling project aims to support farmers in planting an estimated 2.4 billion trees through [[agroforestry]], thereby covering one third of [[Kaveri|Cauvery basin]] with trees as a means of conserving it.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}} The project has received acclaim from politicians and members of the movie industry, yet environmentalists and public intellectuals have alleged that it presents a simplistic view of river conservation, sidestepping social issues and ignoring the potential harm to tributaries and wildlife habitats.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/cauvery-calling-ngos-urge-leonardo-dicaprio-to-withdraw-support/article29511545.ece|title=Cauvery Calling: NGOs urge Leonardo DiCaprio to withdraw support|date=2019-09-25|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-10-07|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/environment/leonardo-dicaprio-cauvery-calling-civil-society-groups|title=Civil Society Groups Ask Leonardo DiCaprio to Revoke Support for 'Cauvery Calling'|website=The Wire|access-date=2019-10-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/n-ram-questions-jaggi-vasudevs-cauvery-calling-asks-why-it-shifts-goal-posts-112838|work=The News Minute | title=N Ram questions Jaggi Vasudev's Cauvery Calling, asks why it shifts goal posts|access-date=2020-01-02}}</ref>

A [[Public interest litigation in India|public interest litigation]] has also been filed in the [[Karnataka High Court]] questioning the legality of the fundraising practices for the initiative, and the usage of government owned land for a private purpose without supporting study.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/-karnataka-high-court-issues-notice-on-pil-challenging-fund-collection-for-cauvery-calling-project-148186|title=Karnataka High Court Issues Notice On PIL Challenging Fund Collection For 'Cauvery Calling' Project|last=Plumber|first=Mustafa|date=2019-09-18|website=www.livelaw.in|language=en|access-date=2019-10-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/140919/pil-filed-against-cauvery-calling-campaign.html|title=PIL filed against Cauvery Calling campaign|date=2019-09-14|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en|access-date=2019-10-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2019/sep/18/pil-to-cap-cash-collection-for-cauvery-calling-project-2035326.html|title=PIL to cap cash collection for 'Cauvery Calling' project|website=The New Indian Express|date=18 September 2019 |access-date=2019-10-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/hc-notice-to-state-on-plea-to-examine-isha-foundations-cauvery-calling-project/article29443669.ece|title=HC notice to State on plea to examine Isha Foundation's 'Cauvery Calling' project|date=2019-09-18|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-10-07|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In January 2020, the High Court ruled that the foundation needed to disclose details of its fundraising practices relating to the initiative.<ref>{{Cite news| title = Disclose details of money collected under 'Cauvery Calling': HC to Isha Foundation| work = The New Indian Express| access-date = 2020-02-25| date = 2020-01-08| url = https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2020/jan/08/disclose-details-of-money-collected-under-cauvery-calling-hc-2086658.html}}</ref>

=== Save Soil ===
The Save Soil movement is an international effort to raise awareness about [[soil health]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2022-03-19 |title=Indian mystic Sadhguru on 100-day motorbike mission to save soil |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/mar/19/indian-mystic-sadhgurus-19000-mile-trip-to-save-soil-aoe |access-date=2022-06-27 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-05 |title='Save Soil' campaign: Sadhguru to address leaders from 195 nations at UNCCD |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/sadhguru-speech-global-leaders-unccd-save-soil-7902821/ |access-date=2022-06-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Save Soil |url=https://ishaoutreach.org/en/save-soil |access-date=2022-06-27 |website=ishaoutreach.org |language=en-US}}</ref> As part of the campaign, Vasudev completed a 100-day, 30,000 km journey from [[London]] to [[South India|southern India]] to meet with government officials, international organizations, and interested members of the public.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |last2= |last3= |first3= |title=Save Soil Movement Touched 3.2 Billion People: Sadhguru {{!}} Mysuru News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysuru/save-soil-movement-touched-3-2-billion-people-sadhguru/articleshow/92326289.cms |access-date=2022-06-27 |website=The Times of India |date= 20 June 2022|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-22 |title=Indian guru is on a mission to save the Earth's soil |url=https://www.reuters.com/video/watch/idOV638822032022RP1 |access-date=2022-06-27 |website=Reuters Video |language=en}}</ref> The [[United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification|United Nations’ Convention to Combat Desertification]] and the [[World Food Programme]] have partnered with the organization to address [[soil degradation]] and the associated impacts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Save Soil campaign comes to Bonn |url=https://www.unccd.int/news-stories/multimedia/save-soil-campaign-comes-bonn |access-date=2022-06-27 |website=UNCCD |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=World Food Programme and Isha outreach to partner on food and nutritional security {{!}} World Food Programme |url=https://www.wfp.org/news/world-food-programme-and-isha-outreach-partner-food-and-nutritional-security |access-date=2022-06-27 |website=www.wfp.org |date=23 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Growing Support for the #SaveSoil Movement |url=https://consciousplanet.org/our-supporters |access-date=2022-06-27 |website=consciousplanet.org |language=en}}</ref> Countries, such as [[Barbados]], and states in [[India]], such as [[Rajasthan]] and [[Gujarat]], have signed a memorandum of understanding with Save Soil.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carrington |first=Julie |date=2022-03-15 |title=Government Signs MOU With Save Soil Movement |url=https://gisbarbados.gov.bb/blog/government-signs-mou-with-save-soil-movement/ |access-date=2022-06-27 |website=Barbados Government Information Service |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-04 |title=After Gujarat, Rajasthan govt inks MoU with Sadhguru's Isha Outreach to 'save soil' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/sadhguru-save-soil-mou-rajasthan-isha-outreach-7952635/ |access-date=2022-06-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> In conjunction with these efforts, the foundation has hosted walkathons for Save Soil in cities across [[North America]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-29 |title=Save Soil Walkathon |url=https://www.tampa.gov/events/save-soil-walkathon/99061 |access-date=2022-06-27 |website=City of Tampa |language=en |archive-date=28 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628163200/https://www.tampa.gov/events/save-soil-walkathon/99061 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='Save Soil' Walkathon pushes for soil conservation |url=https://www.nbc12.com/2022/06/18/save-soil-walkathon-pushes-soil-conservation/?outputType=amp |access-date=2022-06-27 |website=www.nbc12.com| date=18 June 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Save Soil - Walkathon - Walk For Our Children - The Legacy We Leave Behind |url=https://consciousplanet.org/walkathon |access-date=2022-06-27 |website=consciousplanet.org |language=en}}</ref>

Critics have noted that the initiative lacks sufficient engagement with public and private institutions.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=India: Doubts emerge over spiritual Yogi's environmental mission {{!}} DW {{!}} 29.03.2022 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/india-doubts-emerge-over-spiritual-yogis-environmental-mission/a-61290189 |access-date=2022-06-27 |website=Deutsche Welle (DW) |language=en-GB}}</ref>

==Ashram==
[[File:Adiyogi Shiva steel burst 2018.jpg|thumb|[[Adiyogi Shiva statue]] at Isha Foundation's [[ashram]] near [[Coimbatore]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India.]]
Isha Foundation's headquarters are located in an [[ashram]] on the foothills of the [[Velliangiri Mountains]], adjacent to the [[Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve]],<ref name="Hudson 2017 2"/> some forty kilometres from the city of [[Coimbatore]] in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].<ref name="Berghella 2018">{{cite book |last=Berghella |first=Vincenzo |title=Chennai and Coimbatore, India | publisher=Berghella |year=2018 |isbn=978-0-578-20085-9 |oclc=1032025559 |page=69}}</ref> The foundation's construction activities at Isha Yoga Centre in Coimbatore are alleged to have violated rules and regulations on several occasions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/ahead-isha-foundation-s-maha-shivaratri-event-tn-forest-dept-issues-precaution-list-97734?amp|title=Forest department issues notice to Isha foundation |website=thenewsminute.com |date=4 March 2019 |access-date=2019-12-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/RY0zSYSF8H7qe2qrtr2QfM/Chorus-grows-louder-against-Modis-visit-to-Isha-Foundation.html|title=Chorus grows louder against Modi's visit to Isha Foundation event in Coimbatore |last=Thangavelu |first=Dharani |date=2017-02-23 |work=Livemint |language=en |access-date=2019-12-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/120718/cag-slams-forest-dept-for-isha-foundation-encroachments.html|title=CAG slams forest dept for Isha Foundation 'encroachments'|last=Antony|first=Kathelene|date=2018-07-12|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en|access-date=2019-12-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/isha-foundation-violation-forest-land|title=CAG Slams TN Govt On ISHA Foundations Unregulated Buildings|date=2018-07-11|website=The Quint|language=en|access-date=2019-12-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150419/nation-current-affairs/article/row-over-land-given-isha-foundation|title=Row over land given to Isha foundation|date=2015-04-19|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en|access-date=2020-01-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Goyal|first=Prateek|title=How Sadhguru built his Isha empire. Illegally|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2021/05/17/how-sadhguru-built-his-isha-empire-illegally|access-date=2021-05-17|website=Newslaundry|date=17 May 2021 }}</ref> Environmental activists and the local indigenous community have fought against the expansion of the ashram.<ref name="Vice" >{{cite web |last1=Pundir |first1=Pallavi |title=This Climate Guru Is a Celebrity in the US. In India, He's Accused of Destroying a Forest. |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/xgy8bw/climate-yoga-celebrity-sadhguru-india-will-smith-trevor-noah |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623093339/https://www.vice.com/en/article/xgy8bw/climate-yoga-celebrity-sadhguru-india-will-smith-trevor-noah |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 June 2022 |website=vice.com |date=23 June 2022 |access-date=3 July 2022}}</ref>

===Adiyogi Shiva statue===
{{further|Adiyogi Shiva statue}}

Vasudev designed the 112-foot [[Adiyogi Shiva statue]] at the Isha Yoga Centre. It was inaugurated on [[Mahashivaratri]], 24 February 2017, by the [[Prime Minister of India]], [[Narendra Modi]].<ref>{{cite news|title=PM Narendra Modi unveils first 112-foot tall Shiva statue in Coimbatore|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/pm-narendra-modi-to-unveil-first-112-foot-tall-shiva-statue-in-coimbatore-on-mahashivratri-5-interesting-facts-to-know/563295/|access-date=1 March 2017|publisher=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]|date=24 February 2017}}</ref>
The statue depicts [[Shiva]] as the first yogi or Adiyogi, and first Guru or Adi Guru, who offered yoga to humanity. It was built by the Isha Foundation using 20,000 individual iron plates supplied by the [[Steel Authority of India]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.covaipost.com/coimbatore/gigantic-statue-of-first-yoga-guru-adiyogi-to-be-unveiled-by-pm/|title=Gigantic statue of first yoga guru Adiyogi to be unveiled by PM|newspaper=The Covai Post|date=8 February 2017|archive-date=17 January 2021|access-date=12 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117005122/https://www.covaipost.com/coimbatore/gigantic-statue-of-first-yoga-guru-adiyogi-to-be-unveiled-by-pm/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and weighs around 500 tonnes (490 long tons; 550 short tons). It has been recognised as the "Largest Bust Sculpture" by [[Guinness World Records]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Largest bust (sculpture)|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/458751-largest-bust-sculpture|website=Guinness World Records}}</ref> A consecrated [[Shivalinga]], Yogeshwar Linga, is at its base.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://isha.sadhguru.org/blog/sadhguru/spot/yogeshwar-a-heartless-yogi/|title=Yogeshwar: A Heartless Yogi|access-date=1 March 2017|publisher=Isha Foundation}}</ref>

==Controversies and reception==
In 2016, a couple claimed that their two adult daughters were held captive at the centre.<ref>{{Cite news| title = Jaggi Vasudev's Isha Yoga Centre accused by retired professor of holding his daughter captive| work = Firstpost| access-date = 2020-03-14| date = 2016-08-02| url = https://www.firstpost.com/india/jaggi-vasudevs-isha-yoga-centre-accused-by-retired-professor-of-holding-his-daughter-captive-2929778.html}}</ref><ref name="Captive">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/My-son-is-being-held-captive-in-Isha-Yoga-Centre-woman-says/articleshow/53603325.cms|title=My son is being held captive in Isha Yoga Centre, woman says|date=August 8, 2016|first=Pratiksha|last=Ramkumar|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-10-05}}</ref> The foundation denied the allegation and released a statement by the women asserting they were staying there voluntarily.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/isha-foundation-denies-allegations-that-yoga-center-is-holding-two-women-captive-2933280.html|title=Isha Foundation denies allegations that yoga centre is holding two women captive|website=Firstpost| date=3 August 2016 |access-date=2019-10-05}}</ref> The case was dismissed in court.<ref>{{Cite web| title = Isha Foundation gets reprieve as Madras HC dismisses plea centre is holding two women captive| work = Firstpost| access-date = 2020-03-10| date = 2016-08-12| url = https://www.firstpost.com/india/isha-foundation-gets-reprieve-as-madras-hc-dismisses-plea-centre-is-holding-two-women-captive-2952656.html}}</ref> Another woman alleged that her adult son was being held captive.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/jaggi-vasudevs-isha-yoga-centre-has-brainwashed-my-son/17509171|title='Jaggi Vasudev's Isha Yoga centre has brainwashed my son'|date=2016-08-09|website=mid-day|language=en|access-date=2019-10-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/isha-foundation-holding-my-32-year-old-son-hostage-claims-another-parent-47842|access-date=2019-10-05|title=Isha Foundation is holding my 32-year-old son hostage, claims another parent| work=The News Minute |date=2016-08-08}}</ref><ref name="Captive" />

A report by ''[[Newslaundry]]'' alleges Isha Foundation's structures in Ikkarai Boluvampatti, [[Coimbatore]], are built without proper permission from the Hill Area Conservation Authority (HACA), meaning the structures are illegally built.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Goyal |first1=Prateek |title=How Sadhguru built his Isha empire. Illegally |url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2021/05/17/how-sadhguru-built-his-isha-empire-illegally |access-date=2022-09-04 |work=[[Newslaundry]] |date=2022-05-17}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{citation |publisher=MJP Publisher |isbn=978-81-8094-291-4 |last=Gobalakrishnan |first=C. |title=Sociology of Medical Tourism |location=Chennai |date=2019}}
*{{Citation |publisher=SAGE |isbn=978-1-5264-1437-3 |last1=Hudson |first1=Simon |last2=Hudson |first2=Louise |title=Marketing for Tourism, Hospitality & Events: A Global & Digital Approach |location=London, etc. |date=2017}}
* {{citation |last1=Simone |first1=Cheryl |last2=Vasudev |first2=Jaggi |title=Midnights with the Mystic: A Little Guide to Freedom and Bliss |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iWvCxQvsZLgC |year=2008 |publisher=Hampton Roads Publishing |isbn=978-1-61283-113-8 |ref=none}}
* {{citation |first=Joanne Punzo |last=Waghorne |chapter=Engineering an Artful Practice: On Jaggi Vasudev's Isha Yoga and Sri Sri Ravi Shankar's Art of Living |editor1=Mark Singleton |editor1-link=Mark Singleton (yoga scholar) |editor2=Ellen Goldberg |title=Gurus of Modern Yoga |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-cyOAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA283 |year=2013 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-993872-8 |pages=283–307}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Isha Foundation}}
*{{official website|url=http://www.ishafoundation.org/}}

{{Coimbatore district}}

[[Category:Yoga organizations]]
[[Category:Spiritual retreats]]
[[Category:Non-profit organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Community-building organizations]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Puruskar]]

Kalyanpur, Tripura Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:29:30Z

ShereeScotto4: New

{{Short description|Constituency of the Tripura legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kalyanpur
| type= SLA
| state = [[Tripura]]
| established = 1963
| abolished = 2008
| electors = 27,009
| mla = Manindra Chandra Das
| party = {{Party index link|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[2008 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}
'''Kalyanpur Assembly constituency '''was an assembly constituency in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Tripura]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1967 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || rowspan=2 | Bidya Chandra Debbarma || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=6}}
|-
| [[1972 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
| [[1977 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || rowspan=4 | Makhan Lal Chakraborty
|-
| [[1983 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
|-
| [[1988 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1988]]
|-
| [[1993 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|-
| [[1998 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1998]] || rowspan=2 | Kajal Chandra Das || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[2003 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2003]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2008 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || Manindra Chandra Das || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|}
== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]] : Kalyanpur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-TRI98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006160344/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-TRI98.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Manindra Chandra Das |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=12,653 |percentage=50.13% |change={{increase}}5.30 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kajal Chandra Das |party=Indian National Congress |votes=11,791 |percentage=46.72% |change={{decrease}}3.92 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Harishankar Paul |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=311 |percentage=1.23% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Manindra Das |party=Independent politician |votes=243 |percentage=0.96% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Subal Deb |party=Amra Bangali |votes=240 |percentage=0.95% |change={{decrease}}2.42 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=862 |percentage=3.42% |change= {{decrease}}2.39 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=25,238 |percentage=93.75% |change= {{increase}}17.12 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 27,009 |ref = |change= {{increase}}1.46 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}0.51 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2003 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]] : Kalyanpur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Tripura|title=Form 20 {{!}} Final Result Sheet {{!}} General Election to the Tripura Legislative Assembly - 2003 |url=http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2003.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228165918/http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2003.pdf|archive-date=28 February 2024 |access-date = 20 June 2020}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kajal Chandra Das |party=Indian National Congress |votes=10,290 |percentage=50.64% |change={{increase}}47.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Manindra Chandra Das |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=9,110 |percentage=44.83% |change={{increase}}4.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Keshab Majumder |party=Amra Bangali |votes=684 |percentage=3.37% |change={{increase}}1.46 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bidhan Das |party=Independent politician |votes=235 |percentage=1.16% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,180 |percentage=5.81% |change= {{decrease}}5.14 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=20,319 |percentage=76.43% |change= {{decrease}}3.11 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 26,621 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.52 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}0.87 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1998 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]] : Kalyanpur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-TRI98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006160344/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-TRI98.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kajal Chandra Das |party=Independent politician |votes=9,946 |percentage=51.51% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Makhan Lal Chakraborty |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=7,832 |percentage=40.56% |change={{decrease}}8.67 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rabindra Deb Nath |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=587 |percentage=3.04% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dashu Ranjan Paul |party=Indian National Congress |votes=567 |percentage=2.94% |change={{decrease}}40.60 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Keshab Majumder |party=Amra Bangali |votes=369 |percentage=1.91% |change={{decrease}}4.73 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,114 |percentage=10.95% |change= {{increase}}5.26 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=19,309 |percentage=81.35% |change= {{decrease}}2.57 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 24,308 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= {{increase}}2.28 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1993 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]] : Kalyanpur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1993 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Tripura.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006065326/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Tripura.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Makhan Lal Chakraborty |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=9,832 |percentage=49.23% |change={{decrease}}0.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kajal Chandra Das |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,695 |percentage=43.54% |change={{decrease}}1.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Keshab Majumder |party=Amra Bangali |votes=1,327 |percentage=6.64% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,137 |percentage=5.69% |change= {{increase}}1.21 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=19,972 |percentage=82.90% |change= {{decrease}}4.67 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 24,354 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1988 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1988 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]] : Kalyanpur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1988 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%20Tripura%201988.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006100546/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%20Tripura%201988.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Makhan Lal Chakraborty |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=8,275 |percentage=49.65% |change={{increase}}0.65 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kajal Chandra Das |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,528 |percentage=45.16% |change={{increase}}25.83 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Keshav Majumder |party=Independent politician |votes=865 |percentage=5.19% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=747 |percentage=4.48% |change= {{decrease}}12.85 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=16,668 |percentage=87.64% |change= {{increase}}2.86 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 19,231 |ref = |change= {{increase}}11.80 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1983 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]] : Kalyanpur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/StatisticalReport%20Tripura%201983.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006044341/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/StatisticalReport%20Tripura%201983.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Makhan Lal Chakraborty |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=7,064 |percentage=49.00% |change={{increase}}7.73 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Debabrata Datta |party=Independent politician |votes=4,566 |percentage=31.67% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suni Kishore Roy |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,787 |percentage=19.33% |change={{decrease}}3.18 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,498 |percentage=17.33% |change= {{decrease}}1.44 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=14,417 |percentage=84.93% |change= {{increase}}1.01 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 17,201 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.82 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]] : Kalyanpur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport%201977%20Tripura.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613130016/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport%201977%20Tripura.pdf|archive-date=13 June 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Makhan Lal Chakraborty |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=5,211 |percentage=41.27% |change={{decrease}}36.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ashoke Kumar Bhattacharya |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,842 |percentage=22.51% |change={{decrease}}0.13 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhananjoy Singha |party=Tripura Pradesh Congress Committee |votes=1,355 |percentage=10.73% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nilmani Singha |party=Tripura Upajati Juba Samiti |votes=1,087 |percentage=8.61% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anil Chandra Roy |party=Independent politician |votes=864 |percentage=6.84% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suresh Chandra Debnath |party=Independent politician |votes=802 |percentage=6.35% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhupesh Chandra Debnath |party=Proutist Bloc, India |votes=243 |percentage=1.92% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajkumar Kamaljit Singh |party=Janata Party |votes=168 |percentage=1.33% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,369 |percentage=18.76% |change= {{decrease}}35.96 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=12,626 |percentage=83.94% |change= {{decrease}}0.05 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 15,247 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}4.85 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= {{decrease}}36.09 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]] : Kalyanpur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_TP_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006023438/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_TP_72.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Bidya Chandra Debbarma |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=10,273 |percentage=77.36% |change={{increase}}14.79 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Krishna Kumar Debbarma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,006 |percentage=22.64% |change={{decrease}}14.79 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,267 |percentage=54.73% |change= {{increase}}29.58 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=13,279 |percentage=84.55% |change= {{decrease}}4.68 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 16,025 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}38.74 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]] : Kalyanpur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Tripura%201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006135955/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Tripura%201967.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Bidya Chandra Debbarma |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=14,330 |percentage=62.57% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. K. D. Barma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,572 |percentage=37.43% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,758 |percentage=25.14% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=22,902 |percentage=89.71% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 26,161 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Tripura}}

{{coord missing|Tripura}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Tripura]]
[[Category:Politics of Tripura]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1963]]
[[Category:1963 establishments in Tripura]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]

{{Tripura-geo-stub}}

Ramnagar, Jammu and Kashmir Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:25:41Z

ShereeScotto4: Adding initial entry from scratch - done

{{Short description|Constituency of the Jammu and Kashmir legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name = Ramnagar
|type = SLA
| constituency_no = 62
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
|mla = [[Sunil Bhardwaj]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
|latest_election_year = [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|state = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|district = [[Udhampur district|Udhampur]]
|loksabha_cons = [[Udhampur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Udhampur]]
|established = 1962
|electors = 
|reservation = SC
}}

'''Ramnagar Assembly constituency''' is one of the 90 constituencies in the [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] a north state of [[India]]. [[Ramnagar, Udhampur|Ramnagar]] is also part of [[Udhampur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Udhampur Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name=delimitation2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14157-delimitation-of-constituencies-in-union-territory-of-jammu-kashmir-%E2%80%93-final-notification-%E2%80%93-regarding/ |title=Delimitation of Constituencies in Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir – Final Notification – regarding. |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=5 May 2022 |access-date= 6 May 2022}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| ||
|-
| [[1962 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Hem Raj || {{Full party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}
|-
| [[1967 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || rowspan=2 | Chandhu Lal || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1972 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
| [[1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || [[Prithvi Chand]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1983 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || Ram Dass || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1987 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1987]] || Chandhu Lal
|-
| [[1996 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1996]] || rowspan=3 | [[Harsh Dev Singh]] || {{Full party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2002 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
|-
| [[2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|-
| [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2014]] || [[Ranbir Singh Pathania]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]] || [[Sunil Bhardwaj]]
|}
== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Ramnagar<ref>{{cite news|last1=Election Commission of India|title=J&K Assembly Election Results 2024 - Bandipora|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0815.htm|access-date=10 October 2024|date=8 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241010072117/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0815.htm|archive-date=10 October 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sunil Bhardwaj]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=34,550 |percentage=48.50% |change={{decrease}}7.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ashri Devi |party=Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party |votes=25,244 |percentage=35.44% |change={{increase}}0.88 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mool Raj |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,800 |percentage=10.95% |change={{increase}}9.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Herjeet |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=809 |percentage=1.14% |change={{decrease}}0.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raj Singh |party=Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray) |votes=714 |percentage=1.00% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sanju Kumar |party=Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party (Bhim) |votes=486 |percentage=0.68% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sandeep Kumar Sarmal |party=Democratic Progressive Azad Party |votes=463 |percentage=0.65% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=1,167 |percentage=1.64% |change={{increase}}0.37 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,306 |percentage=13.06% |change= {{decrease}}8.08 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=71,233 |percentage=80.40% |change= {{increase}}4.97 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 88,597 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}18.87 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}7.21 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Ramnagar<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Jammu & Kashmir 2014 - Jammu & Kashmir - Election Commission of India |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613150235/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |archive-date=2019-06-13 |access-date= |website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ranbir Singh Pathania]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=45,891 |percentage=55.71% |change={{increase}}54.43 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Harsh Dev Singh]] |party=Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party |votes=28,471 |percentage=34.56% |change={{decrease}}12.62 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raj Kapoor |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=3,073 |percentage=3.73% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sukham Chand |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,424 |percentage=1.73% |change={{decrease}}26.73 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vinod Kumar Sharma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,384 |percentage=1.68% |change={{decrease}}0.62 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sanju Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,086 |percentage=1.32% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=1,048 |percentage=1.27% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=17,420 |percentage=21.15% |change= {{increase}}2.42 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=82,377 |percentage=75.43% |change= {{increase}}10.89 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,09,209 |ref = |change= {{increase}}8.65 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party |swing= {{increase}}8.52 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Ramnagar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/10-Detailed%20Results.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225073739/https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/10-Detailed%20Results.pdf|archive-date=25 December 2024|access-date=25 December 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Harsh Dev Singh]] |party=Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party |votes=30,609 |percentage=47.18% |change={{decrease}}3.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vinod Khajuria |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=18,463 |percentage=28.46% |change={{increase}}5.83 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ranbir Singh Pathania]] |party=Independent politician |votes=9,285 |percentage=14.31% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Thakar Dass |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,491 |percentage=2.30% |change={{decrease}}7.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mansa Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=1,002 |percentage=1.54% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suram Chand Khajuria |party=Independent politician |votes=886 |percentage=1.37% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rakesh Chand |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=828 |percentage=1.28% |change={{decrease}}0.35 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=12,146 |percentage=18.72% |change= {{decrease}}9.05 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=64,871 |percentage=64.54% |change= {{increase}}3.84 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,00,517 |ref = |change= {{increase}}2.79 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party |loser=Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party |swing= {{decrease}}3.21 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2002 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2002 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Ramnagar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2002 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/StatRep_JK_02.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127192246/http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/StatRep_JK_02.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2013|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Harsh Dev Singh]] |party=Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party |votes=29,914 |percentage=50.40% |change={{increase}}25.84 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Khalil Allaha Qazi |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=13,430 |percentage=22.63% |change={{decrease}}0.30 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Subhash Chander |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=7,715 |percentage=13.00% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bupinder Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,788 |percentage=9.75% |change={{decrease}}12.16 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gopal Dass |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=966 |percentage=1.63% |change={{decrease}}18.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohinder Singh |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=660 |percentage=1.11% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=16,484 |percentage=27.77% |change= {{increase}}26.14 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=59,354 |percentage=60.72% |change= {{increase}}7.62 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 97,787 |ref = |change= {{increase}}40.88 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party |loser=Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party |swing= {{increase}}25.84 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1996 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Ramnagar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1996 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-JK96.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117084805/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-JK96.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Harsh Dev Singh]] |party=Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party |votes=9,049 |percentage=24.56% |change={{decrease}}3.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Khalil-Allah |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=8,448 |percentage=22.93% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhupinder Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,071 |percentage=21.91% |change={{decrease}}36.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohan Lal |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=7,238 |percentage=19.65% |change={{increase}}8.91 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dev Datt |party=Janata Dal |votes=2,783 |percentage=7.55% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Subhash Chander |party=Independent politician |votes=821 |percentage=2.23% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nirmal Chander |party=Jammu and Kashmir Awami League |votes=240 |percentage=0.65% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=601 |percentage=1.63% |change= {{decrease}}29.18 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=36,840 |percentage=53.75% |change= {{increase}}2.73 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 69,413 |ref = |change= {{increase}}43.51 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}34.20 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1987 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Ramnagar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1987 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReport_jk_87.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114084427/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReport_jk_87.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Chandhu Lal |party=Indian National Congress |votes=14,311 |percentage=58.77% |change={{increase}}2.77 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Girdhari Lal |party=Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party |votes=6,807 |percentage=27.95% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Prithvi Chand]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,615 |percentage=10.74% |change={{increase}}3.74 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kesru Ram |party=Lokdal |votes=416 |percentage=1.71% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhagat Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=203 |percentage=0.83% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,504 |percentage=30.81% |change= {{decrease}}3.26 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=24,352 |percentage=51.01% |change= {{decrease}}4.11 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 48,369 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.88 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}2.77 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1983 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Ramnagar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/StatisticalReport_JK_1983.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117082124/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/StatisticalReport_JK_1983.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Dass |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,729 |percentage=56.00% |change={{increase}}26.34 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Charan Dass |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=4,983 |percentage=21.92% |change={{increase}}4.78 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Narayan Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=3,428 |percentage=15.08% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Prithvi Chand]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,591 |percentage=7.00% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,746 |percentage=34.08% |change= {{increase}}10.55 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=22,731 |percentage=55.29% |change= {{increase}}17.15 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 41,740 |ref = |change= {{increase}}13.46 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}2.81 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Ramnagar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport_JK_77.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117081946/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport_JK_77.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Prithvi Chand]] |party=Janata Party |votes=7,300 |percentage=53.19% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Dass |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,071 |percentage=29.66% |change={{decrease}}34.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Charan Dass |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=2,353 |percentage=17.15% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,229 |percentage=23.53% |change= {{decrease}}8.74 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=13,724 |percentage=38.08% |change= {{decrease}}12.68 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 36,787 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.48 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Ramnagar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisticalRep_JK_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083027/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisticalRep_JK_72.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Chandhu Lal |party=Indian National Congress |votes=10,963 |percentage=64.08% |change={{increase}}2.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Amar Nath |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=5,442 |percentage=31.81% |change={{increase}}2.85 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chhunku Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=426 |percentage=2.49% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Daya Ram |party=Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes=277 |percentage=1.62% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,521 |percentage=32.27% |change= {{decrease}}0.46 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=17,108 |percentage=51.05% |change= {{decrease}}4.85 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 34,228 |ref = |change= {{increase}}8.34 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}2.39 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Ramnagar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report_Jk_1967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006052138/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report_Jk_1967.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Chandhu Lal |party=Indian National Congress |votes=10,687 |percentage=61.70% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Dass |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=5,017 |percentage=28.96% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=D. Chand |party=Democratic National Conference |votes=1,146 |percentage=6.62% |change={{increase}}4.05 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=T. Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=472 |percentage=2.72% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,670 |percentage=32.73% |change= {{increase}}2.65 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=17,322 |percentage=56.54% |change= {{decrease}}13.26 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 31,592 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.50 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |swing= {{decrease}}1.02 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Ramnagar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_JK_1962.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006183842/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_JK_1962.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Hem Raj |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=11,680 |percentage=62.71% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hans Raj |party=Jammu Praja Parishad |votes=6,077 |percentage=32.63% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Thakar Dass |party=Democratic National Conference |votes=477 |percentage=2.56% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Beli Ram |party=Harijan Mandal |votes=279 |percentage=1.50% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Amar Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=111 |percentage=0.60% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,603 |percentage=30.08% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=18,624 |percentage=69.24% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 27,353 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Ramnagar, Udhampur|Ramnagar]]
* [[Udhampur district]]
* [[List of constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|32.81|75.31|display=title}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Udhampur district]]
[[Category:Politics of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Jammu and Kashmir]]

Ninth Nitish Kumar ministry

2026-04-15T11:43:41Z

ShereeScotto4:

{{Short description|Government of Bihar, India (2024–25)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox government cabinet
| cabinet_type = Ministry
| cabinet_number = 40th
| jurisdiction = [[Bihar]]
| flag = Seal of Bihar.svg
| flag_border = true
| incumbent =
| image = File:Nitish Kumar with JDU functionaries (cropped).jpg
| image_size =
| caption = '''[[Nitish Kumar]]''' {{Small|[[Hon'ble]] [[Chief Minister of Bihar]]}}
| date_formed = 28 January 2024
| date_dissolved = 20 November 2025
| government_head_title = [[Chief Minister of Bihar|Chief Minister]]
| government_head = [[Nitish Kumar]]
| deputy_government_head_title = [[Deputy Chief Minister of Bihar|Deputy Chief Minister]]
| deputy_government_head = [[Vijay Kumar Sinha]] [[Samrat Choudhary]]
| state_head_title = [[Governor of Bihar|Governor]]
| state_head = [[Rajendra Arlekar]] [[Arif Mohammad Khan]]
| members_number =
| former_members_number =
| total_number =
| political_parties =
*{{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
*{{Party index link|Janata Dal (United)}}
*{{Party index link|Hindustani Awam Morcha}}
*{{Color box|#B2B2B2|border=black}} [[Independent politician|IND]]
| legislature_status = [[Coalition government|Coalition]]{{Composition bar|138|243|{{party color|BJP}}|background-color=|border border-color=black|width=|per=1}}
| opposition_cabinet =
| opposition_party = [[File:Indian Election Symbol Hurricane Lamp.png|20px]] {{Party index link|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
| opposition_leader = [[Tejashwi Yadav]] [[Bihar Legislative Assembly|(Assembly)]] [[Rabri Devi]] [[Bihar Legislative Council|(Council)]]
| election = [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
| last_election =
| legislature_term = {{ayd|28 January 2024|17 November 2025}}
| previous = [[Eighth Nitish Kumar ministry|Eighth Nitish ministry]]
| successor = [[Tenth Nitish Kumar ministry|Tenth Nitish ministry]]
}}

The '''Ninth Nitish Kumar ministry''' was the Council of Ministers in [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] headed by Chief Minister [[Nitish Kumar]]. On 28 January 2024, he walked out of the [[INDIA (alliance)]] and announced his resignation. He then decided to form a new government in Bihar along with the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]'s [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]] alliance.<ref>{{Cite web |website=The Hindu |date=2024-01-28 |title=Bihar Political Crisis Live {{!}} Nitish Kumar to take oath at 5 p.m. |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bihar-nitish-kumar-nda-jdu-politics-live-updates-january-28-2024/article67785477.ece |access-date=2024-01-28 |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=2024-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128043638/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bihar-nitish-kumar-nda-jdu-politics-live-updates-january-28-2024/article67785477.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/bihar-ministers-list-2024-full-list-of-ministers-and-their-portfolios-in-nitish-kumar-led-cabinet/3377089/|title=Bihar Ministers List 2024: Full list of ministers and their portfolios in Nitish Kumar-led Cabinet|website=financial express|date=3 February 2024 |accessdate=10 June 2024|archive-date=4 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204120104/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/bihar-ministers-list-2024-full-list-of-ministers-and-their-portfolios-in-nitish-kumar-led-cabinet/3377089/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Council of Ministers ==
Source<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-28 |title=Nitish Kumar's swearing-in ceremony likely to take place at 5pm: Report |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/india/story/nitish-kumars-swearing-in-ceremony-likely-to-take-place-at-5pm-report-415085-2024-01-28 |access-date= |website=Business Today |language= |archive-date=2024-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128091210/https://www.businesstoday.in/india/story/nitish-kumars-swearing-in-ceremony-likely-to-take-place-at-5pm-report-415085-2024-01-28 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Cabinet Ministers Bihar on 03/02/2024 |url=https://state.bihar.gov.in/csd/cache/3/03-Feb-24/SHOW_DOCS/Letter%20no-93.pdf |access-date=2024-02-03 |archive-date=2024-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203133800/https://state.bihar.gov.in/csd/cache/3/03-Feb-24/SHOW_DOCS/Letter%20no-93.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
On 15 March 2024, Cabinet expansion held in which 21 new ministers 12 from [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] quota and 9 from [[Janata Dal (United)|JDU]] quota were inducted.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Nitin|date=2024-03-15 |title=Bihar Cabinet expansion: Renu Devi, Ashok Choudhary, 19 others take oath as ministers |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/bihar/news-bihar-cabinet-expansion-swearing-in-ceremony-rjd-cm-nitish-kumar-ashok-choudhary-madan-sahni-renu-devi-vijay-sinha-jdu-janata-dal-united-2024-03-15-921643 |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref> Following are the ministers after full cabinet expansion.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/story-bihar-council-of-ministers-nitish-cabinet-state-ministers-full-list-bjp-jdu-ham-9545449.html|title= Full list of ministers in ninth nitish ministry|access-date= 2024-06-10|archive-date= 2024-03-24|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240324234507/https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/story-bihar-council-of-ministers-nitish-cabinet-state-ministers-full-list-bjp-jdu-ham-9545449.html|url-status= live}}</ref>

Nitish Kumar inducted 7 MLAs from [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata party]] into his cabinet on 26 February 2025.<ref name="CM Nitish Kumar expands Bihar cabinet, inducts 7 MLAs from BJP">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=CM Nitish Kumar expands Bihar cabinet, inducts 7 MLAs from BJP |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bihar/cm-nitish-kumar-expands-bihar-cabinet-inducts-7-mlas-from-bjp/article69266263.ece |agency=The Hindu |date=26 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250226152520/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bihar/cm-nitish-kumar-expands-bihar-cabinet-inducts-7-mlas-from-bjp/article69266263.ece |archive-date=26 February 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bihar cabinet expansion: Who are 7 new ministers in Nitish Kumar's cabinet and why BJP picked them |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bihar-cabinet-expansion-who-are-7-new-ministers-in-nitishs-cabinet-and-why-bjp-picked-them/articleshow/118581733.cms |access-date=26 February 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=26 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250226152537/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bihar-cabinet-expansion-who-are-7-new-ministers-in-nitishs-cabinet-and-why-bjp-picked-them/articleshow/118581733.cms |archive-date=26 February 2025 |quote=Bihar cabinet expansion: Who are 7 new ministers in Nitish Kumar's cabinet and why BJP picked them}}</ref><ref name="Nitish Kumar expands Bihar Cabinet to full capacity, all seven new members from BJP">{{cite news |title=Nitish Kumar expands Bihar Cabinet to full capacity, all seven new members from BJP |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/nitish-expands-bihar-cabinet-7-new-members-from-bjp-9857915/ |access-date=26 February 2025 |publisher=The Indian Express |date=26 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250226152551/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/nitish-expands-bihar-cabinet-7-new-members-from-bjp-9857915/ |archive-date=26 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref>{{Cabinet table start|hiderefcol=y}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[List of chief ministers of Bihar|'''Chief Minister''']] [[List of ministers of home of Bihar|Home]] General Administration Cabinet Secretariat Vigilance Election Other departments not allocated to any Minister
| minister1 = [[Nitish Kumar]]
| minister1_termstart = 28 January 2024
| minister1_termend = 20 November 2025
| minister1_party = Janata Dal (United)
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[List of deputy chief ministers of Bihar|'''Deputy Chief Minister''']] [[List of finance ministers of Bihar|Minister of Finance]] Minister of Commercial Taxes
| minister1 = [[Samrat Choudhary]]
| minister1_termstart = 28 January 2024
| minister1_termend = 20 November 2025
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[List of deputy chief ministers of Bihar|'''Deputy Chief Minister''']] Minister of Mines & Geology
| minister1 = [[Vijay Kumar Sinha|Vijay Sinha]]
| minister1_termstart = 28 January 2024
| minister1_termend = 20 November 2025
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Road Construction
| minister1 = [[Vijay Kumar Sinha|Vijay Sinha]]
| minister1_termstart = 28 January 2024
| minister1_termend = 26 February 2025
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| minister2 = [[Nitin Nabin]]
| minister2_termstart = 26 February 2025
| minister2_termend = 20 November 2025
| minister2_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Art, Culture & Youth
| minister1 = [[Vijay Kumar Sinha|Vijay Sinha]]
| minister1_termstart = 28 January 2024
| minister1_termend = 26 February 2025
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| minister2 = [[Moti Lal Prasad]]
| minister2_termstart = 26 February 2025
| minister2_termend = 20 November 2025
| minister2_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Parliamentary Affairs
| minister1 = [[Vijay Kumar Chaudhary|Vijay Chaudhary]]
| minister1_termstart = 28 January 2024
| minister1_termend = 20 November 2025
| minister1_party = Janata Dal (United)
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Water Resources
| minister1 = [[Vijay Kumar Chaudhary|Vijay Chaudhary]]
| minister1_termstart = 28 January 2024
| minister1_termend = 20 November 2025
| minister1_party = Janata Dal (United)
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Energy
| minister1 = [[Bijendra Prasad Yadav|Bijendra Yadav]]
| minister1_termstart = 28 January 2024
| minister1_termend = 20 November 2025
| minister1_party = Janata Dal (United)
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Planning & Development
| minister1 = [[Bijendra Prasad Yadav|Bijendra Yadav]]
| minister1_termstart = 28 January 2024
| minister1_termend = 20 November 2025
| minister1_party = Janata Dal (United)
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[List of ministers of co-operatives of Bihar|Minister of Co-operative]]
| minister1 = [[Prem Kumar (politician)|Prem Kumar]]
| minister1_termstart = 28 January 2024
| minister1_termend = 20 November 2025
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Environment & Forest
| minister1 = [[Prem Kumar (politician)|Prem Kumar]]
| minister1_termstart = 28 January 2024
| minister1_termend = 26 February 2025
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| minister2 = [[Sunil Kumar (born 1957)|Sunil Kumar]]
| minister2_termstart = 26 February 2025
| minister2_termend = 20 November 2025
| minister2_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Rural Development
| minister1 = [[Shrawan Kumar (politician)|Shrawan Kumar]]
| minister1_termstart = 28 January 2024
| minister1_termend = 20 November 2025
| minister1_party = Janata Dal (United)
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Minor Water Resources
| minister1 = [[Santosh Kumar Suman|Santosh Suman]]
| minister1_termstart = 28 January 2024
| minister1_termend = 20 November 2025
| minister1_party = Hindustani Awam Morcha
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Information Technology
| minister1 = [[Santosh Kumar Suman|Santosh Suman]]
| minister1_termstart = 28 January 2024
| minister1_termend = 26 February 2025
| minister1_party = Hindustani Awam Morcha
| minister2 = [[Krishna Kumar Mantoo]]
| minister2_termstart = 26 February 2025
| minister2_termend = 20 November 2025
| minister2_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Disaster Management
| minister1 = [[Santosh Kumar Suman|Santosh Suman]]
| minister1_termstart = 28 January 2024
| minister1_termend = 26 February 2025
| minister1_party = Hindustani Awam Morcha
| minister2 = [[Vijay Kumar Mandal]]
| minister2_termstart = 26 February 2025
| minister2_termend = 20 November 2025
| minister2_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[List of ministers of science and technology of Bihar |Minister of Science & Technology]]
| minister1 = [[Sumit Kumar Singh|Sumit Singh]]
| minister1_termstart = 28 January 2024
| minister1_termend = 20 November 2025
| minister1_party = Independent politician
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Animal and Fisheries Resources
| minister1 = [[Renu Devi]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 March 2024
| minister1_termend = 20 November 2025
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =[[List of Health Ministers of Bihar|Minister of Health]]
| minister1 = [[Mangal Pandey (politician)|Mangal Pandey]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 March 2024
| minister1_termend = 20 November 2025
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Agriculture
| minister1 = [[Mangal Pandey (politician)|Mangal Pandey]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 March 2024
| minister1_termend = 26 February 2025
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| minister2 = [[Vijay Kumar Sinha|Vijay Sinha]]
| minister2_termstart = 26 February 2025
| minister2_termend = 20 November 2025
| minister2_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Public Health Engineering
| minister1 = [[Neeraj Kumar Singh Bablu|Neeraj Singh]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 March 2024
| minister1_termend = 20 November 2025
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Industries
| minister1 = [[Nitish Mishra]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 March 2024
| minister1_termend = 20 November 2025
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Tourism
| minister1 = [[Nitish Mishra]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 March 2024
| minister1_termend = 26 February 2025
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| minister2 = [[Raju Kumar Singh]]
| minister2_termstart = 26 February 2025
| minister2_termend = 20 November 2025
| minister2_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Urban Development & Housing
| minister1 = [[Nitin Nabin]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 March 2024
| minister1_termend = 26 February 2025
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| minister2 = [[Jibesh Kumar|Jivesh Mishra]]
| minister2_termstart = 26 February 2025
| minister2_termend = 20 November 2025
| minister2_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[List of ministers of law of Bihar|Minister of Law]]
| minister1 = [[Nitin Nabin]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 March 2024
| minister1_termend = 26 February 2025
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| minister2 = [[Mangal Pandey (politician)|Mangal Pandey]]
| minister2_termstart = 26 February 2025
| minister2_termend = 20 November 2025
| minister2_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Revenue & Land Reforms
| minister1 = [[Dilip Kumar Jaiswal|Dilip Jaiswal]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 March 2024
| minister1_termend = 26 February 2025<ref name="BJP Minister Dilip Jaiswal resigns ahead of Bihar Cabinet expansion">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=BJP Minister Dilip Jaiswal resigns ahead of Bihar Cabinet expansion |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bihar/bjp-minister-dilip-jaiswal-resigns-ahead-of-bihar-cabinet-expansion/article69265233.ece |access-date=26 February 2025 |publisher=The Hindu |date=26 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250226155441/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bihar/bjp-minister-dilip-jaiswal-resigns-ahead-of-bihar-cabinet-expansion/article69265233.ece |archive-date=26 February 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| minister2 = [[Sanjay Saraogi]]
| minister2_termstart = 26 February 2025
| minister2_termend = 20 November 2025
| minister2_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of SC & ST Welfare
| minister1 = [[Janak Ram]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 March 2024
| minister1_termend = 20 November 2025
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of BC & EBC Welfare
| minister1 = [[Hari Sahni]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 March 2024
| minister1_termend = 20 November 2025
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Sugarcane Industries
| minister1 = [[Krishnanandan Paswan]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 March 2024
| minister1_termend = 20 November 2025
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[List of ministers of panchayati raj of Bihar|Minister of Panchayati Raj]]
| minister1 = [[Kedar Prasad Gupta|Kedar Gupta]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 March 2024
| minister1_termend = 20 November 2025
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[List of ministers of sports of Bihar|Minister of Sports]]
| minister1 = [[Surendra Mehata]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 March 2024
| minister1_termend = 20 November 2025
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Labour Resources
| minister1 = [[Santosh Kumar Singh|Santosh Singh]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 March 2024
| minister1_termend = 20 November 2025
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Rural Works
| minister1 = [[Ashok Choudhary]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 March 2024
| minister1_termend = 20 November 2025
| minister1_party = Janata Dal (United)
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Food & Consumer Protection
| minister1 = [[Leshi Singh]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 March 2024
| minister1_termend = 20 November 2025
| minister1_party = Janata Dal (United)
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Social Welfare
| minister1 = [[Madan Sahni]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 March 2024
| minister1_termend = 20 November 2025
| minister1_party = Janata Dal (United)
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Information & Public Relations
| minister1 = [[Maheshwar Hazari]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 March 2024
| minister1_termend = 20 November 2025
| minister1_party = Janata Dal (United)
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[List of ministers of transport of Bihar |Minister of Transport]]
| minister1 = [[Sheela Kumari|Sheela Mandal]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 March 2024
| minister1_termend = 20 November 2025
| minister1_party = Janata Dal (United)
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =[[List of ministers of education of Bihar|Minister of Education]]
| minister1 = [[Sunil Kumar (born 1988)|Sunil Kumar]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 March 2024
| minister1_termend = 20 November 2025
| minister1_party = Janata Dal (United)
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Building Construction
| minister1 = [[Jayant Raj Kushwaha]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 March 2024
| minister1_termend = 20 November 2025
| minister1_party = Janata Dal (United)
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Minority Welfare
| minister1 = [[Mohd Zama Khan|Zama Khan]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 March 2024
| minister1_termend = 20 November 2025
| minister1_party = Janata Dal (United)
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Excise & Prohibition
| minister1 = [[Ratnesh Sada]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 March 2024
| minister1_termend = 20 November 2025
| minister1_party = Janata Dal (United)
}}
|}

== See also ==

* [[Government of Bihar]]
* [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Bihar Legislative Council]]
* [[List of chief ministers of Bihar|List of Chief Ministers of Bihar]]
* [[List of deputy chief ministers of Bihar|List of Deputy Chief Ministers of Bihar]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nitish Kumar Ninth ministry}}
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party]]
[[Category:Janata Dal (United)]]
[[Category:2024 in Indian politics]]
[[Category:Bihar ministries]]
[[Category:Indian ministries established in 2024|Nitish IX]]
[[Category:Indian ministries disestablished in 2025|Nitish IX]]
[[Category:Nitish Kumar ministries|9]]
[[Category:Hindustani Awam Morcha]]

Jhunjhunu Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:26:47Z

ShereeScotto4: Entry

{{Short description|Constituency of the Rajasthan legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Jhunjhunu
| map_image = Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan-27-Jhunjhunu.svg
| mla = [[Rajendra Bhamboo]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 elections in India#Rajasthan|2024]]
| state = [[Rajasthan]]
| district = [[Jhunjhunu district]]
| established = 1951
| type = SLA
| reservation = None
| constituency_no = 27
}}

'''Jhunjhunu Assembly constituency''' is one of the [[List of constituencies of Rajasthan Vidhan Sabha|constituencies]] of [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]] in the [[Jhunjhunu Lok Sabha constituency]].
[[File:Jhunjhunu_Rajasthan_Assembly_Map.svg|alt=Map of Jhunjhunu Legislative Assembly|thumb|250x250px|center|Map of Jhunjhunun Constituency]]

Jhunujhunu constituency covers all voters from parts of [[Jhunjhunu|Jhunjhunu tehsil]], which include [[Jhunjhunu|ILRC Jhunjhunu]] including Jhunjhunu Municipal Board and Bagar Municipal Board; Village [[Bhadunda Kalan]], Bhadunda Khurdand ILRC Kulod Kalan, and parts of Chirawa which include Chanana, Solana, Kishorepura, Kithana, Sultana and Sari of ILRC Sultana.<ref name="election2008">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order 2008]</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1951 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1951]]<ref name="election1951">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_Raj.pdf 1951 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref> || rowspan=2|[[Narottam Lal Joshi]]|| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=6}}
|-
| [[1957 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<ref name="election1957">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Rajasthan_1957.pdf 1957 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| [[1962 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<ref name="election1962">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Rajasthan_1962.pdf 1962 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>||rowspan=4|[[Sumitra Singh]]
|-
| [[1967 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<ref name="election1967">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Rajasthan%201967.pdf 1967 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| [[1972 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<ref name="election1972">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_RJ_72.pdf 1972 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| [[1977 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<ref name="election1977">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Rajasthan.pdf 1977 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| [[1980 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1980]] || rowspan=2|[[Shish Ram Ola]]|| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}<ref name="election1980">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Rajasthan.pdf 1980 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
|[[1985 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<ref name="election1985">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%201985%20Rajasthan.pdf 1985 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
|[[1990 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1990]] || Mohd Mahir Azad || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}<ref name="election1990">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_RJ_90.pdf 1990 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
|[[1993 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1993]] || [[Shish Ram Ola]]|| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<ref name="election1993">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatRep_RJ_93.pdf 1993 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
|[[1998 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1998]] || rowspan=2| [[Sumitra Singh]] || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}<ref name="election1998">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-RAJ98.pdf 1998 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
|[[2003 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2003]] ||{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<ref name="election2003">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_NOV_2003/StatisticalReports_RAJ_Nov2003.pdf 2003 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
|[[2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2008]]<ref name="election2008-1">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2008/Stats_report_RJ2008.pdf 2008 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref> || rowspan="4" | [[Brijendra Singh Ola]] ||{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|-
|[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|-
|[[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|-
|[[2024 elections in India#Rajasthan|2024^]] || [[Rajendra Bhamboo]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

*^ denotes by-election

==Election results==
===2024 bypoll===
{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2024 elections in India#Rajasthan|2024 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly by-election]]: [[Jhunjhunu]]<ref name=by-election2024>{{cite web |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcByeNov2024/ConstituencywiseS2027.htm|title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan LA 2024|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|accessdate=26 November 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Rajendra Bhamboo]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 90,425
|percentage = 49.51
|change = {{increase}}19.82
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Amit Ola
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 47,577
|percentage = 26.05
|change = {{decrease}}18.43
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Rajendra Singh Gudha]]
|party = Independent
|votes = 38,751
|percentage = 21.22
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above (India)
|votes = 1,365
|percentage = 0.75
|change = {{increase}}0.04
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 42,848
|percentage = 23.46
|change = {{increase}}8.67
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,82,640
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Jhunjhunu]]<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/ConstituencywiseS2027.htm#|title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan LA 2023 |website=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 23 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Brijendra Singh Ola]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:86798}}
|percentage = 44.48
|change = -0.54
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Nisheet Kumar
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:57935}}
|percentage = 29.69
|change = +8.64
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Rajendra Singh Bhamboo
|votes = {{formatnum:42407}}
|percentage = 21.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)
|candidate = Pankaj Dhankhar
|votes = {{formatnum:3095}}
|percentage = 1.59
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1385}}
|percentage = 0.71
|change = -0.22
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:28863}}
|percentage = 14.79
|change = -9.18
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:195142}}
|percentage = 71.65
|change = +1.69
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]: Jhunjhunu<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9645-statistical-data-of-rajasthan-la-2018/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan LA 2018 |website=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 12 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Brijendra Singh Ola]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:76177}}
|percentage = 45.02
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Rajendra Singh Bhamboo
|votes = {{formatnum:35612}}
|percentage = 21.05
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Nisheet Kumar Alias Bablu Choudhary
|votes = {{formatnum:29410}}
|percentage = 17.38
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Yashwardhan Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:12007}}
|percentage = 7.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Rajesh
|votes = {{formatnum:5933}}
|percentage = 3.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Dalip
|votes = {{formatnum:2006}}
|percentage = 1.19
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Rajkumar Moond
|votes = {{formatnum:1900}}
|percentage = 1.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Loktantrik Party
|candidate = Rajendra Fauji
|votes = {{formatnum:1598}}
|percentage = 0.94
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1580}}
|percentage = 0.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:40565}}
|percentage = 23.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:169196}}
|percentage = 69.96
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== See also ==
* [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)]]

{{Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan}}

{{coord|28.13|75.40|display=title}}

[[Category:Jhunjhunu district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Politics of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Rajasthan]]

Prince Deep Singh

2026-04-13T06:29:43Z

ShereeScotto4: Adding some bio w/ infobox - done

{{Short description|Indian field hockey player}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox field hockey player
| name = Prince Deep Singh
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2024|6|8|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Pathankot district]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India
| height =
| position = Goalkeeper
| currentclub = Hockey Punjab
| clubs1 = Roundglass Punjab Club
| years1 =
| clubs2 = Hockey Punjab
| years2 =
| nationalyears1 = 2024–2025
| nationalteam1 = [[India men's national under-21 field hockey team|India U21]]
| nationalcaps1 = 18
| nationalgoals1 = 0
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Men's [[field hockey]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Men's Hockey Junior Asia Cup|Junior Asia Cup]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2024 Men's Hockey Junior Asia Cup|2024 Muscat]]|}}
}}
'''Prince Deep Singh''' (also '''Princedeep'''; born 8 June 2004)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prince Deep Singh - Hockey India |url=https://hockeyindia.org/players/prince-deep-singh-profile-13069 |access-date=2025-02-20 |website=hockeyindia.org}}</ref> is an Indian hockey player from [[Punjab]]. He plays for the [[India men's national field hockey team|India men’s national field hockey team]] as a goalkeeper. He is registered with the Roundglass Punjab Hockey Club, and plays for Hockey Punjab in the domestic tournaments.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Four Players from Roundglass Hockey Academy Picked in the Hockey India League Auction |url=https://www.punjabnewsexpress.com/news/news/four-players-from-roundglass-hockey-academy-picked-in-the-hockey-india-league-auction-266207 |access-date=2025-02-20 |website=www.punjabnewsexpress.com}}</ref> He played for [[Tamil Nadu Dragons]] in the [[Hockey India League]] 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2024-12-28 |title=Hockey India League 2024-25 Teams: Complete list of men’s squads of all eight HIL franchises |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/hockey/hockey-india-league-2024-25-full-hil-teams-men-complete-squads-player-list-news/article69033633.ece |access-date=2025-02-20 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Prasad |first=Aashin |date=2025-02-05 |title=Hockey India League review: The hits, the misses and how it can get better |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/hockey/hil-review-hockey-india-league-analysis-tournament-throwback-results-highlights/article69182633.ece |access-date=2025-02-20 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Singh is from [[Pathankot district|Pathankot]] district, Punjab. He started playing hockey in 2016 and soon joined Malwa Hockey Academy, Ludhiana, before shifting to Roundglass Punjab Hockey Club Academy to polish his skills.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Latest Hockey News and Updates - Hockey India |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/news/i-want-to-win-the-gold-in-the-olympics-for-india-one-day-says-indian-junior-mens-hockey-team-goalie-prince-deep-singh |access-date=2025-02-20 |website=www.hockeyindia.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-05-08 |title=2 hockey players from Ludhiana-based academy make it to India junior squad |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/2-hockey-players-from-ludhiana-based-academy-make-it-to-india-junior-squad-101715189178697.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240610024135/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/2-hockey-players-from-ludhiana-based-academy-make-it-to-india-junior-squad-101715189178697.html |archive-date=10 June 2024 |access-date=2025-02-20 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Career ==
Singh’s first major tournament was the 2nd Hockey India Junior Men Academy National Championship 2022 where he represented Roundglass Academy and later player for Punjab in the 5th [[Khelo India Youth Games]] 2022 at Gwalior and won a bronze. He was also part of the Hockey Punjab team in the 13th Hockey India Junior Men National Championship that in June 2023 at Rourkela, Odisha.<ref name=":0" /> In 2024, he was selected among the 40-member probables for the Junior Men’s National coaching camp in [[Bengaluru]]. He was also a member of the Indian team which won gold at the FIH Junior Asia Cup in 2024 at Muscat.<ref>{{Cite web |title="Want to win gold in Olympics for India": Indian Junior Men's Hockey Team goalie Prince Deep Singh |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/hockey/want-to-win-gold-in-olympics-for-india-indian-junior-mens-hockey-team-goalie-prince-deep-singh20240516200829/ |access-date=2025-02-20 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref>

In January 2025, he was selected to play the [[FIH Pro League|FIH Pro-League]] 2024-2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-31 |title=India includes rising stars in FIH Pro League probables after impressive domestic performances - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/sports/india-includes-rising-stars-in-fih-pro-league-probables-after-impressive-domestic-performances-19549400.htm |access-date=2025-02-20 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://hockeyindia.org/players/prince-deep-singh-profile-13069 Princedeep Singh] at [[Hockey India]].

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Arshdeep}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2004 births]]
[[Category:Indian men's field hockey players]]
[[Category:Field hockey players from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Hockey India League players]]
[[Category:Men's field hockey goalkeepers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]

Massu Engira Masilamani

2026-04-11T09:15:32Z

ShereeScotto4: Data

{{Short description|2015 Indian film by Venkat Prabhu}}
{{Unreliable sources|date=February 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Massu Engira Masilamani.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Venkat Prabhu]]
| producer = [[Suriya]] [[K. E. Gnanavel Raja]]
| writer = Venkat Prabhu [[Madhan Karky]]
| screenplay =
| story =
| starring = Suriya [[Nayanthara]] [[Pranitha Subhash]] [[Premgi Amaren|Premji]] [[R. Parthiban|Parthiban]] [[Samuthirakani]] [[Riyaz Khan]]
| music = [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]<ref name="Happy Lounge">{{Cite web |date=18 March 2015 |title=Exclusive-Yuvan in 'Masss'! |url=http://www.happylounge.net/index.php?threads/mass%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE-%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE-venkat-prabhu-nayanthara-ysr.3876/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002090859/http://www.happylounge.net/index.php?threads%2Fmass%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE-%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE-venkat-prabhu-nayanthara-ysr.3876%2F |archive-date=2 October 2015 |access-date=21 September 2015 |publisher=Happy Lounge}}</ref> [[S. Thaman]] (guest composer)
| cinematography = [[R. D. Rajasekhar]] [[Sakthi Saravanan]]<ref name="Happy Lounge" />
| editing = [[Praveen K. L.]]
| studio = [[Studio Green]] Aadnah Arts
| distributor = [[Eros International]] Studio Green [[Dream Factory (distributor)|Dream Factory]]<ref name="behindwoods.com" />
| released = {{Film date|2015|05|29|df=y|ref1=<ref name="release" />}}
| runtime = 152 minutes<ref name="release">{{Cite web |date=25 May 2015 |title=Suriya's 'Masss' duration is 152 minutes! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/suriyas-masss-duration-is-152-minutes-news-tamil-pfzsHfgfjgdhe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526225445/http://www.sify.com/movies/suriyas-masss-duration-is-152-minutes-news-tamil-pfzsHfgfjgdhe.html |archive-date=26 May 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = {{INR}}55 crore<ref name="ibtimes1">{{Cite web |date=14 December 2015 |title=Kollywood 2015: Top 10 Highest Grossing Tamil Movies in the Year |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/highest-grossing-tamil-movies-2015-top-10-films-that-kept-cash-registers-ringing-box-office-659394 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171124042304/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/highest-grossing-tamil-movies-2015-top-10-films-that-kept-cash-registers-ringing-box-office-659394 |archive-date=24 November 2017 |access-date=1 June 2017 |website=Ibtimes. Retrieved 16 Dec 2015.}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR}}79 crore<ref name="ibtimes1" />
}}

'''''Massu Engira Masilamani''''' ({{Translation|Masss alias Masilamani}}) is a 2015 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action film|action]] [[horror comedy film]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Masss |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/masss-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zodk4otu |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529014131/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/masss-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zodk4otu |archive-date=29 May 2024 |access-date=3 November 2020 |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]]}}</ref> directed by [[Venkat Prabhu]], who co-wrote the script with [[Madhan Karky]]. It was produced by [[K. E. Gnanavel Raja]]'s [[Studio Green]] and Aadnah Arts. The film stars [[Suriya]] in dual roles, alongside [[Nayanthara]], [[Pranitha Subhash]], [[Premgi Amaren|Premgi]], [[R. Parthiban|Parthiban]], and [[Samuthirakani]]. It follows Masss, a con artist, who starts interacting with ghosts. During one such encounter, he stumbles upon Shakthi, a ghost who wants to seek revenge against his family's killers.

The film was launched in April 2014, the [[principal photography]] commenced in July 2014 and was completed in April 2015. Filming took place in various locations in India and Bulgaria. The film's title ''Masss'', was announced in July 2014; however, in order to receive exemption from entertainment tax, the film's title was changed to ''Massu Engira Masilamani''.<ref name="title">{{Cite web |date=25 May 2015 |title=Suriya to visit Kerala for promotions |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/suriya-to-visit-kerala-for-masss-promotions-news-tamil-pfzkrchjbcbhj.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527233028/http://www.sify.com/movies/suriya-to-visit-kerala-for-masss-promotions-news-tamil-pfzkrchjbcbhj.html |archive-date=27 May 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> The cinematography was handled by [[R. D. Rajasekhar]] and [[Sakthi Saravanan]], with editing handled by [[Praveen K. L.]] The original score and soundtrack were composed by [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]], with [[S. Thaman]] as a guest composer.<ref name="title" />

The film was released worldwide on 29 May 2015. It received mixed-to-positive reviews from critics, with praise for Surya's performance. The film was later remade in Bengali as ''[[Naqaab (2018 film)|Naqaab]]'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite news |title=Shakib's Character in Naqaab Revealed |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/shakibs-character-in-naqaab-revealed/articleshow/64885483.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529014130/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/shakibs-character-in-naqaab-revealed/articleshow/64885483.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=29 May 2024 |access-date=7 July 2018 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

==Plot==
A released prisoner named Kamal Ekambaram murders former [[Police Commissioner]] Shanmuga Sundaram during a morning jog. On the other hand, Masilamani alias Masss and his friend Jet Li (Jettu) are small-time [[confidence trick|con artists]]. Masss meets Malini, a nurse, and they subsequently fall in love.

While trying to escape after a heist goes wrong, Masss and Jettu meet with a car accident, after which Masss starts seeing dead people with whom he can communicate, while Jettu died in the accident and is now a ghost. Masss forms a group of loitering ghosts to earn money by performing fake [[exorcism]]s and extorting money from scared, rich people while promising the spirits that he would, in exchange, fulfill their last wishes. Meanwhile, Malini, who thought Masss was working for a [[financial institution|finance company]], discovers the fake exorcisms and leaves him.

The same day, Masss and Jettu meet a ghost called Shakthivel (Shakthi), a [[Sri Lankan Tamils|Sri Lankan Tamil]] man from [[Sri Lanka|Ceylon]] and a lookalike of Masss. Shakthi seemingly helps the duo by informing them about [[hawala]] black money stashed in a locker by Anthony Xavier, a hawala [[broker]], in his warehouse at Sembikarai, but has other plans in mind and wants to use Masss for them. He sabotages their plan and tricks Masss into running over Anthony while Kamal arrives and steals the money from the locker in the resulting chaos.

Corrupt [[Assistant Commissioner of Police (India)|ACP]] Vikram Lakshman takes charge, investigates the case, and learns Masss is involved in the murder. Subsequently, the ghosts start striking against Masss as they assume that he is just using them to cheat later on. Masss yells at them and orders them to leave. Just then, Shakthi arrives at the request of the ghosts. They depart with Shakthi while Jettu manages to convince Masss. Masss agrees and fulfills the ghosts' wishes so they attain salvation, which makes him a better person.

All these good deeds of Masss change Malini's assumptions about him positively. At the same time, Shakthi uses Masss to meet another person, Madhivadhanan alias Madhi, an [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]] and associate of Anthony at his quarry, and later uses him to kill Madhi. Masss, a furious with Shakthi for making him a double murderer, yells at him to leave, threatening to commit suicide. While escaping the quarry with Jettu, Masss encounters Radha Krishnan (R. K.), Anthony and Madhi's partner, who gets reminded of Shakthi, and orders his men to catch Masss. Kamal arrives there and rescues him, and later he reveals Shakthi's past, where Masss realises that Shakthi is his father.

'''Past''': Shakthi was a [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] in [[Montreal]] and a [[widower]], who married Anuradha (Anu), a teacher at his daughter Megha's school, just for Megha's wish. Shakthi secretly learned that Anu loves and takes care of Megha. Soon, they both fell in love, and Anu gave birth to a son (Masss). Anu owned an acre of land in India, which she wanted to donate to an orphanage where they could build a new orphanage. Kamal, the only family friend of Anu residing in India, agreed to help with the registration.

Shakthi and Anu, along with Megha and the infant Masss, arrived in India to complete the registration but learned that [[business magnate|industrialists]] R. K. and Anthony forged documents and planned to take the land away to construct flats. Since Shakthi remained undeterred and did not give way, R. K., Anthony, Madhi, and Sundaram, along with their goons, when killed Shakthi, Anu, and Megha and pinned the murders on Kamal, for which he got imprisoned for all these years. Masss survived because Megha had left him safe in an impoverished family's small house nearby.

'''Present''': Through Masss, Shakthi wanted to kill the people responsible for his family's demise. After discovering the truth, Masss plans to kill R. K. himself. R. K., knowing who Masss is enraged, tries to kill him, but Kamal saves Masss. However, because R. K. hits Masss on the head with a fire extinguisher, he loses the ability to see and converse with the spirits. With the help of Vikram, whom Masss bribed to double-cross R. K., Masss finally kills R. K. As Masss fulfils Shakthi's last wish, he obtains salvation and joins Anu and Megha in heaven.

In the [[post-credits scene]], Masss, now a reformed man in a respectable position, has married Malini and has a young son, Shakthi (named after his grandfather), who can see and converse with ghosts, while Jettu remains on Earth with Masss and his family, accompanying Shakthi at all times.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Suriya]] in a dual role as
**Masilamani Shakthivel "Masss"
** Shakthivel "Shakthi"
* [[Nayanthara]] as Malini (voice dubbed by [[Savitha Reddy]])
* [[Pranitha Subhash]] as Anuradha "Anu" (voice dubbed by Renuka Kathir)
* [[Premgi Amaren|Premji]] as Jet Li "Jettu"
* [[R. Parthiban]] as [[Assistant commissioner of police|ACP]] Vikram Lakshman lPS
* [[Riyaz Khan]] as Kamal Ekambaram
* [[Samuthirakani]] as Radha Krishnan "R. K."
* [[Sharath Lohitashwa]] as Anthony Xavier
* [[Charles Vinoth]] as [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] Madhivadhanan "Madhi"
* [[Subbu Panchu Arunachalam|Subbu Panchu]] as [[Police Commissioner]] Shanmuga Sundaram
* [[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]] as Kothandaram Reddy
* [[Sayaji Shinde]] as Amarnath Shinde
* [[Aravind Akash]] as Anthony's henchman
* [[Yuvina Parthavi]] as Megha
* [[Karunas]] as Azhagu (ghost)
* [[Sriman (actor)|Sriman]] as Salesman Sripathy (ghost)
* [[Rethika Srinivas]] as Padma (ghost)
* [[Jasper (actor)|Jasper]] as Chinna (ghost)
* [[Bose Venkat]] as Periyamuthu (ghost)
* [[Rajendran]] as a ghost
* Sanjay Bharathi as a ghost
* [[Daniel Annie Pope]] as a ghost
* [[Shanmugasundaram]] as a ghost
* [[Swaminathan]] as a ghost
* V. Gnanavel as a ghost
* Harini Nair as a ghost
* Susheela Neethi as a ghost
* [[Vidyullekha Raman]] as Julie
* [[Madhusudhan Rao (actor)|Madhusudhan Rao]] as Reddy
* [[Namo Narayana]] as Rajapandi
* [[Sonia (actress)|Sonia]] as Gnanaprakasham's wife
* [[Ilavarasu]] as Gnanaprakasam
* [[Manobala]] as Arnold
* [[Stunt Silva]] as Prince, Reddy's henchman
* [[Prinz Nithik]] as Mahesh, Madhi's henchman
* [[Ramya Subramanian]] as Reporter
* [[Badava Gopi]] as Registrar
* Meesai Rajendran as Police Officer
* Ramya Ramakrishnan as Ramya
* Vikramadithyan as Siddhar
* Srilekha Rajendran as Orphanage caretaker
{{colend}}

===Cameo appearances===
* [[Jai (actor)|Jai]] as [[Engaeyum Eppothum#Cast|Kathiresan]] (ghost), Ganesh's eye-donor
* [[Vijay Vasanth]] as [[Chennai 600028|Gopi]]
* [[Anjali (actress)|Anjali]] as [[Engaeyum Eppothum#Cast|Manimegalai]] (archival footage from ''[[Engaeyum Eppothum]]'')
* [[Brahmanandam]] as Dr. Gnanaprakasham, Hospital Dean (Voice Dubbed By [[M. S. Bhaskar]])
* [[Vaibhav Reddy|Vaibhav]] as Ghost
* [[Sangeetha Krish]] as S. Shankari, Shakthi's School Principal

==Production==
===Development===
In early December 2013, ''[[Sify]]'' reported that Venkat Prabhu's next film after ''[[Biriyani (film)|Biriyani]]'' (2013) would feature Suriya as the male lead and would also be produced by the actor himself under his newly launched company [[2D Entertainment]].<ref name="autogenerated1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140716032840/http://www.sify.com/movies/suriya-venkat-prabhu-come-together-news-tamil-nmfr6gcegihsi.html Suriya & Venkat Prabhu come together!]. ''[[Sify]]''. 5 December 2013. Retrieved 3 August 2014.</ref> Three days later the project was confirmed by the director, who however clarified that Studio Green would co-produce it along with 2D Entertainment.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> Subsequently, lyricist [[Madhan Karky]] was signed to write the dialogues for the film.<ref name="Conf">Seshagiri, Sangeetha (6 July 2014).Movie is inspired from the Korean movie Man on the Edge [http://www.ibtimes.co.in/suriya-venkatprabhu-film-titled-masss-603790 Suriya-Venkatprabhu Film Titled 'Masss'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529014133/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/suriya-venkatprabhu-film-titled-masss-603790 |date=29 May 2024 }}. ''[[International Business Times]]''. Retrieved 16 July 2014.</ref> As with Prabhu's earlier films, composer Yuvan Shankar Raja<ref>Reddy, T. Krithika (16 August 2014). [http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/yuvan-shankar-raja-talks-about-his-bollywood-debut-consecutive-charttoppers-and-a-muchtalked-about-single/article6324039.ece The Yuvan Wave] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129093105/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/yuvan-shankar-raja-talks-about-his-bollywood-debut-consecutive-charttoppers-and-a-muchtalked-about-single/article6324039.ece |date=29 November 2014 }}. ''[[The Hindu]]''. Retrieved 29 August 2014.</ref> and editor Praveen K. L. were added to the technical crew, while R. D. Rajasekhar was signed as the cinematographer, replacing Prabhu's usual cinematographer [[Sakthi Saravanan]].<ref>[http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-14/suriya-and-nayanthara-back-after-5-years.html After five years, its Nayanthara again] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703212558/http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-14/suriya-and-nayanthara-back-after-5-years.html |date=3 July 2014 }}. ''Behindwoods''. 29 April 2014. Retrieved 6 June 2014.</ref> The film was touted to be the first Tamil film to be shot in [[3D film|3D]] from the beginning,<ref name="3D">Subramanian, Anupama (6 December 2013). [https://www.deccanchronicle.com/131206/entertainment-kollywood/article/mega-film-suriya-and-venkat-prabhu A mega film for Suriya and Venkat Prabhu] . ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]''. Retrieved 6 June 2014.</ref> but Venkat Prabhu later informed that it was not true.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2015 |title='Masss' is not in 3D |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/masss-is-not-in-3d-venkat-prabhu-news-tamil-pctjLqjcajced.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221201121/http://www.sify.com/movies/masss-is-not-in-3d-venkat-prabhu-news-tamil-pctjLqjcajced.html |archive-date=21 February 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> It was reported to be a [[horror comedy]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140707114920/http://www.sify.com/movies/suriya-s-venkat-prabhu-film-titled-masss-news-tamil-ohhkpvdbjgghh.html Suriya's Venkat Prabhu film titled 'Masss']. ''[[Sify]]''. 7 July 2014. Retrieved 3 August 2014.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140617223158/http://www.indiaglitz.com/title-of-suriyavenkat-prabhu-film-tamil-news-108697 Title of Suriya-Venkat Prabhu film]. ''Indiaglitz''. 9 June 2014. Retrieved 3 August 2014.</ref><ref>Naig, Udhav (20 June 2014). [http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/the-funny-fear-factor/article6131011.ece The funny fear factor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529014150/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/the-funny-fear-factor/article6131011.ece |date=29 May 2024 }}. ''[[The Hindu]]''. Retrieved 3 August 2014.</ref> while Venkat Prabhu stated that he was "trying something new" and that he could not reveal the genre.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140716220444/http://www.sify.com/movies/nayanthara-is-suriya-s-heroine-in-venkat-prabhu-film-news-tamil-oe3nHqgcggcsi.html Nayanthara is Suriya's heroine in Venkat Prabhu film!]. ''[[Sify]]''. 29 April 2014. Retrieved 3 August 2014.</ref> The film was rumoured to be titled as ''Poochandi'',<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Is-Suriya-Venkats-film-titled-Poochandi/articleshow/36242694.cms Is Suriya-Venkat's film titled 'Poochandi'?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529014131/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Is-Suriya-Venkats-film-titled-Poochandi/articleshow/36242694.cms |date=29 May 2024 }}. ''[[The Times of India]]''. 8 June 2014. Retrieved 3 August 2014.</ref> however Venkat Prabhu announced on 5 July 2014 via Twitter and Facebook that it had been titled ''Masss''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 July 2014 |title=Expectedly unexpected title for Suriya - Venkat Prabhu film |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-14/expectedly-unexpected-title-for-suriya-venkat-prabhu-film.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529014632/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-14/expectedly-unexpected-title-for-suriya-venkat-prabhu-film.html |archive-date=29 May 2024 |access-date=29 May 2024 |website=Behindwoods.com}}</ref> On 25 May 2015, the film was renamed with a Tamil title ''Massu Engira Masilamani'', to be exempted from the State Government's 30% [[entertainment tax]].<ref name="title" />

===Casting===
Reports in January 2014 indicated that Suriya would be playing a [[dual role]] in the film.<ref>Seshagiri, Sangeetha (18 January 2014). [http://www.ibtimes.co.in/articles/534902/20140118/suriya-dual-role-venkat-prabhu-film-fantasy.htm Suriya to Play Dual Role in Venkat Prabhu's Film?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529014636/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/suriya-to-play-dual-role-in-venkat-prabhu039s-film-534902 |date=29 May 2024 }}. ''[[International Business Times]]''. 18 January 2014. Retrieved 19 January 2014</ref> Furthermore, he was said to be given two different looks, one of them having him sport long hair.<ref name = TOI/><ref>Seshagiri, Sangeetha (20 August 2014). [http://www.ibtimes.co.in/suriya-appear-2-different-looks-masss-607256 Suriya to Appear in 2 Different Looks in 'Masss'?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529014658/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/suriya-appear-2-different-looks-masss-607256 |date=29 May 2024 }}. ''[[International Business Times]]''. Retrieved 24 August 2014.</ref> After completing the film, Suriya stated that he had played two characters: Masilamani (a conman) and Shakthi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150526184431/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/A-Masss-Welcome/2015/05/26/article2832779.ece A Masss Welcome]. The New Indian Express. Retrieved on 9 June 2015.</ref> Venkat Prabhu went on to add that Shakti was a [[Sri Lankan Tamils|Sri Lankan Tamil]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150529044758/http://www.sify.com/movies/suriya-plays-a-sri-lankan-tamil-in-masss-news-tamil-pf2pHybifdgha.html Suriya plays a Sri Lankan Tamil in "Masss"!]. Sify.com (28 May 2015). Retrieved on 9 June 2015.</ref> Nayanthara was signed to play one of the female leads along with [[Amy Jackson]],<ref name="Heroines">Subramanian, Anupama (4 June 2014). [https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140604/entertainment-tollywood/article/nayanthara-and-amy-jackson-romance-suriya Nayanthara and Amy Jackson to romance Suriya] . ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]''. Retrieved 6 June 2014.</ref> while the director's brother Premji was given a significant supporting role as in all of Prabhu's films.<ref>[https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140513/entertainment-kollywood/article/smattering-stars-suriya%E2%80%99s-next Smattering of stars in Suriya's next] . ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]''. 13 May 2014. Retrieved 3 August 2014.</ref> [[Mohan (actor)|Mohan]] was reported to be playing the villain,<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Mohan-to-play-villain-in-Poochandi/articleshow/36647106.cms Mohan to play villain in 'Poochandi'?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622052850/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Mohan-to-play-villain-in-Poochandi/articleshow/36647106.cms |date=22 June 2014 }}. ''[[The Times of India]]''. 16 June 2014. Retrieved 3 August 2014.</ref> but the director stated that Mohan was not approached for any role in the film.<ref>Vandhana (16 June 2014). [http://silverscreen.in/news/actor-mohan-venkat-prabhus-poochandi/ Actor Mohan Not in Venkat Prabhu's 'Poochandi'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129091956/http://silverscreen.in/news/actor-mohan-venkat-prabhus-poochandi/ |date=29 November 2014 }}. ''Silverscreen''. Retrieved 3 August 2014.</ref> Actor-director [[R. Parthiepan]] informed that he had "a special character to essay in ''Masss'', a very significant one".<ref>[https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140724/entertainment-kollywood/article/parthiban-act-masss Parthiban to act in 'Masss'] . ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]''. 24 July 2014. Retrieved 3 August 2014.</ref> In August 2014, ''The Times of India'' reported that [[Jayaram]], who had worked with Venkat Prabhu in ''[[Saroja (2008 film)|Saroja]]'' (2008), had been added to the cast and would be playing a prominent role, however, he was replaced by Parthiban.<ref>Karthik, Janani (6 August 2014). [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Venkat-Prabhus-villain-with-Suriya-in-Masss/articleshow/39684168.cms Venkat Prabhu's villain with Suriya in 'Masss'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150917191717/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Venkat-Prabhus-villain-with-Suriya-in-Masss/articleshow/39684168.cms |date=17 September 2015 }}. ''[[The Times of India]]''. Retrieved 6 August 2014.</ref> Actors [[Sriman (actor)|Sriman]],<ref>[http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-14/sriman-joins-hands-with-suriya-for-mass.html A versatile actor joins hands with Suriya after 'Friends'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219183932/http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-14/sriman-joins-hands-with-suriya-for-mass.html |date=19 February 2015 }}. ''Behindwoods''. 11 August 2014. Retrieved 11 August 2014.</ref> [[Karunas]] and [[Daniel Annie Pope]] of ''[[Idharkuthane Aasaipattai Balakumara]]'' (2013) fame were reported to be playing the roles of spirits in the film.<ref name="Masss1" /> On 10 August 2014, actress [[Vidyullekha Raman]] informed that she would be a part of the project.<ref>[https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140814/entertainment-kollywood/article/vidhyullekha-raman-suriya%E2%80%99s-masss Vidhyullekha Raman in Suriya's 'Masss'] . ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]''. 14 August 2014. Retrieved 14 August 2014.</ref> The next day, actor-director [[Samuthirakani]] was announced to be part of the project.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140812204828/http://www.indiaglitz.com/Two-samuthrakanis-to-face-one-suriya-tamil-news-111832 Two Samuthrakani's to face one Suriya]. ''Indiaglitz''. 11 August 2014. Retrieved 11 August 2014.</ref> Sanjay Bharathi was given a supporting role and participated in the [[Hyderabad]] schedule.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/I-sported-Suriyas-hairstyle-in-school/articleshow/45259758.cms I sported Suriya's hairstyle in school] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209185012/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/I-sported-Suriyas-hairstyle-in-school/articleshow/45259758.cms |date=9 December 2014 }}. The Times of India (24 November 2014). Retrieved on 25 April 2015.</ref>

In November 2014, Amy Jackson opted out of the project,<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Amy-opts-out-of-Venkat-Prabhus-Masss/articleshow/45271879.cms Amy opts out of Venkat Prabhu's 'Masss'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129103531/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Amy-opts-out-of-Venkat-Prabhus-Masss/articleshow/45271879.cms |date=29 November 2014 }}. The Times of India (26 November 2014). Retrieved on 25 April 2015.</ref> explaining that the makers had changed her character and the script, which would have resulted in her shooting only for half the number of days than she was initially committed to.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150103020024/http://www.sify.com/movies/amy-jackson-opens-up-on-her-exit-from-masss-news-tamil-pbcrIWfcgjajf.html Amy Jackson opens up on her exit from "Masss"]. Sify.com (2 January 2015). Retrieved on 25 April 2015.</ref> She was replaced by Pranitha Subhash who joined the film's cast later the month.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 November 2014 |title=Pranitha Subhash joins Suriya's Masss |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Pranitha-Subhash-joins-Suriyas-Masss/articleshow/45268060.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141125075059/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Pranitha-Subhash-joins-Suriyas-Masss/articleshow/45268060.cms |archive-date=25 November 2014 |access-date=25 November 2014 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> In October 2014, Riyaz Khan was named to be a part of the film, and was said to be playing "a very important role with a unique characterization".<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2014 |title=Riyaz Khan joins Suriya's 'Masss' |url=http://www.filmibeat.com/tamil/news/2014/riyaz-khan-joins-suryas-mass-162754.html |website=Oneindia}}</ref> [[Prinz Nithik]] stated that he played one of the villains in ''Masss'' and that he would appear for a short duration but share screen space with Suriya.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/I-came-into-films-because-of-Vishal-Prinz/articleshow/46675845.cms I came into films because of Vishal: Prinz – The Times of India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529023805/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/I-came-into-films-because-of-Vishal-Prinz/articleshow/46675845.cms |date=29 May 2024 }}. Timesofindia.indiatimes.com (25 March 2015). Retrieved on 25 April 2015.</ref>

===Filming===
The film was officially launched with a puja ceremony on 14 April 2014, coinciding with [[Puthandu|Tamil New Year]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140414231009/http://www.sify.com/movies/suriya-venkat-prabhu-s-film-launched-news-national-oeokEfgeifi.html Suriya, Venkat Prabhu's film launched]. ''[[Sify]]''. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 6 June 2014.</ref> Principal photography was reported to start from 11 July 2014,<ref name="Title">[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Suriya-Venkat-film-is-titled-Masss/articleshow/37841918.cms Suriya-Venkat film is titled 'Masss'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529023806/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Suriya-Venkat-film-is-titled-Masss/articleshow/37841918.cms |date=29 May 2024 }}. ''[[The Times of India]]''. 6 July 2014. Retrieved 16 July 2014.</ref> but commenced three days earlier in [[Chennai]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140713102844/http://www.sify.com/movies/suriya-s-venkat-prabhu-film-kickstarts-news-tamil-ohml8Gaiajhif.html Suriya's Venkat Prabhu film kickstarts]. ''[[Sify]]''. 12 July 2014. Retrieved 20 August 2014.</ref> The first schedule was shot in a house on the [[East Coast Road|ECR]] stretch for 15 days.<ref name="Masss1">K. R. Manigandan (8 August 2014). [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Supernatural-characters-visible-only-to-Suriya/articleshow/39812221.cms Supernatural characters visible only to Suriya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529023806/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Supernatural-characters-visible-only-to-Suriya/articleshow/39812221.cms |date=29 May 2024 }}. ''[[The Times of India]]''. Retrieved 8 August 2014.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140809200923/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/111642.html 'Masss' gets Spooky]. ''Indiaglitz''. 8 August 2014. Retrieved 9 August 2014.</ref> The crew with Suriya and Nayanthara shot some scenes at a hospital in Chennai.<ref name="TOI">C. R. Sharanya (20 August 2014). [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Suriya-to-sport-two-different-looks-again/articleshow/40411606.cms Suriya to sport two different looks again] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529014752/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Suriya-to-sport-two-different-looks-again/articleshow/40411606.cms |date=29 May 2024 }}. ''[[The Times of India]]''. Retrieved 20 August 2014.</ref> The first and second schedules of the film were completed by early September 2014.<ref>[http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-14/the-masss-team-is-rolling-ahead.html A break in 'Masss'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529014658/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-14/the-masss-team-is-rolling-ahead.html |date=29 May 2024 }}. ''Behindwoods''. 3 September 2014. Retrieved 3 September 2014.</ref> The team reportedly continued filming in [[Ooty]], [[Kerala]] and [[Kullu]]-[[Manali, Himachal Pradesh|Manali]] in [[North India]].<ref>V. Lakshmi (12 July 2014). [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Venkat-Prabhus-Masss-team-will-head-to-Bulgaria/articleshow/38210064.cms Venkat Prabhu's 'Masss' team will head to Bulgaria] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529014650/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/venkat-prabhus-masss-team-will-head-to-bulgaria/articleshow/38210064.cms |date=29 May 2024 }}. ''[[The Times of India]]''. Retrieved 3 August 2014.</ref> Forty per cent of the filming was completed by the end of September 2014.<ref>[http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-14/a-break-for-suriya-and-team.html A break for Suriya !] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141003141852/http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-14/a-break-for-suriya-and-team.html |date=3 October 2014 }}. ''Behindwoods''. 30 September 2014. Retrieved 30 September 2014.</ref> In November 2014, the first song was filmed, which was choreographed by Ajay Raaj.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Suriyas-Masss-progressing-briskly/articleshow/45146851.cms Suriya's Masss progressing briskly – The Times of India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529014659/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Suriyas-Masss-progressing-briskly/articleshow/45146851.cms |date=29 May 2024 }}. Timesofindia.indiatimes.com (14 November 2014). Retrieved on 25 April 2015.</ref> By early December, the team shot crucial portions including a duet song sequence involving Suriya and Pranitha in [[Bulgaria]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141204053248/http://www.sify.com/movies/masss-and-baahubali-unit-in-exotic-bulgaria-locations-news-tamil-ombqw7hicaigj.html "Masss" and "Baahubali" unit in exotic Bulgaria locations]. Sify.com (1 December 2014). Retrieved on 25 April 2015.</ref><ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Pranitha-and-Suriya-in-trouble/articleshow/45447495.cms Pranitha and Suriya in trouble – The Times of India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529024319/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Pranitha-and-Suriya-in-trouble/articleshow/45447495.cms |date=29 May 2024 }}. Timesofindia.indiatimes.com (10 December 2014). Retrieved on 25 April 2015.</ref> Following the schedule in Bulgaria, filming continued in [[Puducherry (city)|Puducherry]] by January 2015.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150105192120/http://www.sify.com/movies/masss-unit-shifts-from-bulgaria-to-pondy-news-tamil-pbfq68diciddd.html "Masss" unit shifts from Bulgaria to Pondy]. Sify.com (5 January 2015). Retrieved on 25 April 2015.</ref> Later, the makers completed the film's principal photography on 20 April 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Masss shooting wrapped up |url=https://www.moviecrow.com/News/7906/masss-shooting-wrapped-up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529014649/https://www.moviecrow.com/News/7906/masss-shooting-wrapped-up |archive-date=29 May 2024 |access-date=6 July 2020 |website=www.moviecrow.com}}</ref>

==Music==
{{Main|Massu Engira Masilamani (soundtrack)}}
Prabhu's norm composer Yuvan Shankar Raja associated with the former for the sixth time. The film's soundtrack album features seven tracks composed by Yuvan Shankar Raja, with two instrumentals and a remix done by Premgi Amaren. The lyrics for the songs were written by [[Gangai Amaran]], Madhan Karky and [[Viveka (lyricist)|Viveka]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mass tracklist |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/Mass-tracklist/articleshow/47185167.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529015215/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/Mass-tracklist/articleshow/47185167.cms |archive-date=29 May 2024 |access-date=6 July 2020 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> The album was released under the [[Eros Music]] label on 8 May 2015.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Masss audio on May 8? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/Masss-audio-on-May-8/articleshow/47137547.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529015139/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/Masss-audio-on-May-8/articleshow/47137547.cms |archive-date=29 May 2024 |access-date=6 July 2020 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kanagaraj |first=Christopher |date=3 May 2015 |title=Masss Audio Release Date Freezed |url=https://www.studioflicks.com/news/masss-audio-release-date-freezed/ |access-date=6 July 2020 |website=StudioFlicks |language=en-US}}</ref> [[S. Thaman]] remixed and orchestrated the tune of "Gandi Baat" from the Hindi film ''[[R... Rajkumar]]'' (2013), as "Sema Masss" which was not included in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-11 |title=மாஸ் படத்தில் ரீமேக்காகும் கந்தி பாத் பாடல் |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/37956-.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529015143/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/37956-.html |archive-date=29 May 2024 |access-date=2023-05-20 |website=Hindu Tamil Thisai |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2015 |title=Sema Masss Full Audio Song Masss |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MTqPumaD6Pk |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529015712/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MTqPumaD6Pk |archive-date=29 May 2024 |access-date=21 September 2015 |publisher=Youtube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2015 |title=Sema Masss Full Video Song Masss |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ylY_c7bgOlg&list=PLzSuLv6aXOfOw2oLz9fWDPgAIjUpQ6eaT |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529015719/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ylY_c7bgOlg&list=PLzSuLv6aXOfOw2oLz9fWDPgAIjUpQ6eaT |archive-date=29 May 2024 |access-date=3 October 2015 |publisher=Youtube}}</ref> The soundtrack received positive reviews from critics.<ref>{{Cite web |last=V.P |first=Nicy |date=9 May 2015 |title='Masss' Music Review Review Round-Up: Yuvan Shankar Raja's Composition Impresses Critics [AUDIO] |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/masss-music-review-review-round-yuvan-shankar-rajas-composition-impresses-critics-audio-631861 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529015656/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/masss-music-review-review-round-yuvan-shankar-rajas-composition-impresses-critics-audio-631861 |archive-date=29 May 2024 |access-date=6 July 2020 |website=International Business Times, India Edition |language=en}}</ref>

== Release ==
The film was initially scheduled to release in March 2015.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Suriya's Masss to release in March |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Suriyas-Masss-to-release-in-March/articleshow/45565118.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529015704/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Suriyas-Masss-to-release-in-March/articleshow/45565118.cms |archive-date=29 May 2024 |access-date=6 July 2020 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> However the makers officially announced that the film would be released on 1 May 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Masss to release on May 1? |url=https://www.moviecrow.com/News/7346/masss-to-release-on-may-1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707173053/https://www.moviecrow.com/News/7346/masss-to-release-on-may-1 |archive-date=7 July 2020 |access-date=6 July 2020 |website=www.moviecrow.com}}</ref> Later, the makers have postponed the release to avoid clash with [[Kamal Haasan]]'s ''[[Uttama Villain]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Will Suriya's 'Masss 'make it on May 1? |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/will-suriyas-masss-make-it-on-may-1-news-tamil-pehlczcfjeefd.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407150824/http://www.sify.com/movies/will-suriyas-masss-make-it-on-may-1-news-tamil-pehlczcfjeefd.html |archive-date=7 April 2015 |access-date=6 July 2020 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref> On mid-April 2015, the makers confirmed that the film would be released on 15 May 2015.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} However, to avoid clash with [[Jyothika]]'s ''[[36 Vayadhinile]]'', which was also produced by Suriya,{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} the makers pushed the release to 29 May 2015.

The film was released in around 1900 screens worldwide, including 425 screens in [[Tamil Nadu]], 570 screens in [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]], 143 screens in [[Kerala]], 100 screens in [[Karnataka]], 140 screens in [[North India]] and nearly 600 plus screens in overseas territories, thus becoming the biggest release in Suriya's career.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2015 |title='Masss' will be Suriya's biggest release |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/masss-will-be-suriya%E2%80%99s-biggest-release-news-tamil-pf2lrtejeeaff.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529044212/http://www.sify.com/movies/masss-will-be-suriya%E2%80%99s-biggest-release-news-tamil-pf2lrtejeeaff.html |archive-date=29 May 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

== Marketing ==
The worldwide distribution rights of ''Masss'' were sold to Eros International for approximately {{INRConvert|61|c}}.<ref name="biz">{{Cite news |date=27 May 2015 |title=Masss Total Worldwide Pre-Release Business |url=http://m.ibtimes.co.in/masss-pre-release-business-beats-ajiths-yennai-arindhaal-record-will-suriya-starrer-create-633761 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527151124/http://m.ibtimes.co.in/masss-pre-release-business-beats-ajiths-yennai-arindhaal-record-will-suriya-starrer-create-633761 |archive-date=27 May 2015 |access-date=27 May 2015 |work=[[International Business Times]]}}</ref> [[Dream Factory (distributor)|Dream Factory]], a subsidiary of [[Studio Green]] was confirmed to distribute the film in Tamil Nadu.<ref name="behindwoods.com">[http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-14/suriya-and-karthi-through-the-same-banner.html Suriya and Karthi from the same banner] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912140603/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-14/suriya-and-karthi-through-the-same-banner.html |date=12 September 2014 }}. ''Behindwoods''. 12 September 2014. Retrieved 12 September 2014.</ref> Sopnam Films bought the [[Kerala]] distribution rights for ''Masss'' as well as two other Studio Green productions, ''[[Komban]]'' and ''[[Darling (2015 Indian film)|Darling]]''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141111090448/http://www.sify.com/movies/studio-green-signs-a-deal-for-kerala-news-tamil-olkjHCeegfheb.html Studio Green signs a deal for Kerala]. Sify.com (10 November 2014). Retrieved on 25 April 2015.</ref> The rights to Karnataka region were sold to distributor Srikanth.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2014 |title='Masss' – Karnataka distribution rights sold |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/masss-karnataka-distribution-rights-sold-news-tamil-olvjW9hedibfi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141122032119/http://www.sify.com/movies/masss-karnataka-distribution-rights-sold-news-tamil-olvjW9hedibfi.html |archive-date=22 November 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

The first poster of ''Masss'' was released on 22 October 2014, coinciding with the [[Deepavali]] festival.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Suriyas-first-look-in-Masss/articleshow/44915407.cms Suriya's first look in 'Masss' – The Times of India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529020200/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Suriyas-first-look-in-Masss/articleshow/44915407.cms |date=29 May 2024 }}. Timesofindia.indiatimes.com (23 October 2014). Retrieved on 25 April 2015.</ref> The official teaser was released on 25 April 2015 after midnight.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 April 2015 |title=Suriya's 'Masss' Teaser Released [Video] |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/suryas-masss-teaser-released-ajiths-mankatha-touch-film-video-630350 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529020203/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/suryas-masss-teaser-released-ajiths-mankatha-touch-film-video-630350 |archive-date=29 May 2024 |access-date=25 April 2015 |work=International Business Times}}</ref>

== Reception ==

===Critical reception===
''[[The Times of India]]'' also rated the film 3 out of 5 and added, "The film lacks the raciness of ''Biriyani'' or ''[[Mankatha]]'', but there is enough inventiveness and ''[[joie de vivre]]'' to the scenes to keep us entertained."<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 May 2015 |title=Massu Engira Masilamani Movie Review |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Massu-Engira-Maasilamani/movie-review/47478482.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170329053808/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/massu-engira-maasilamani/movie-review/47478482.cms |archive-date=29 March 2017 |access-date=3 June 2015 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>''Sify'' rated 3.5 out of 5 and described ''Massu Engira Masilamani'' as "a no-holds-barred entertainer with all the essential ingredients."<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 May 2015 |title='Massu Engira Maasilamani' Review: A no-holds-barred entertainer |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/massu-engira-maasilamani-review-a-no-holds-barred-entertainer-review-tamil-pf3qAmcchibie.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529132923/http://www.sify.com/movies/massu-engira-maasilamani-review-a-no-holds-barred-entertainer-review-tamil-pf3qAmcchibie.html |archive-date=29 May 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> ''[[Rediff]]'' gave the film 3.5 stars on a scale of 5 and commented, "There is non-stop excitement, with all the characters in the film being on some kind of high, literally bursting with energy."<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 May 2015 |title=Review: Massu Engira Masilamani entertains |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-massu-engira-masilamani-entertains/20150529.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529020235/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-massu-engira-masilamani-entertains/20150529.htm |archive-date=29 May 2024 |access-date=29 May 2015 |publisher=[[Rediff]]}}</ref> ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' rated the film 3.5 out of 5 as well, saying that "the film drives up to an intersection where one sign says horror and another, entertainment, and firmly decides on the latter while paying just a passing reference to the former."<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 May 2015 |title=Movie review 'Masss': This film is certainly watchable |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150530/entertainment-movie-review/article/movie-review-masss-film-certainly-watchable |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529020212/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150530/entertainment-movie-review/article/movie-review-masss-film-certainly-watchable |archive-date=29 May 2024 |access-date=30 May 2015 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> ''[[The Economic Times]]'' also gave the film 3.5 stars and wrote, "The paranormal twist in ''Massu...'' is what keeps you interested but there are too many twists; some predictable and some good."<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2015 |title='Masss' review: Regular revenge drama with a spooky twist |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/masss-review-regular-revenge-drama-with-a-spooky-twist/articleshow/47480553.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125150830/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/masss-review-regular-revenge-drama-with-a-spooky-twist/articleshow/47480553.cms |archive-date=25 January 2016 |access-date=30 May 2015 |website=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref> Writing for ''[[The Hindu]]'', [[Baradwaj Rangan]] stated, "The idea behind the supernaturally themed ''Massu'' is terrific, even it feels like a mashup of many spirit-driven films...the thing with Venkat Prabhu's films these days...(is)...they're all ideas and no follow-through...It's only in the last hour or so that ''Massu'' begins to score."<ref name="Rangan">[http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/massu-engira-masilamani-movie-review/article7260846.ece Massu Engira Masilamani: Sloppy, with a not-bad second half] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529020817/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/massu-engira-masilamani-movie-review/article7260846.ece |date=29 May 2024 }}. The Hindu (29 May 2015). Retrieved on 9 June 2015.</ref> Malini Mannath from ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote, "Not very funny, not very scary, and not very original, Venkat Prabhu's attempt at crafting his first supernatural-comic-vendetta flick, turns out to be a disappointing and a boring affair...The director weaves in a hotchpotch of situations, the screenplay is sloppy and narration is jerky. The characters are one too many and the genuinely appreciative moments are few and far between."<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150611053826/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/reviews/Nothing-Scary-About-Spooky-Flick/2015/05/31/article2841887.ece Nothing Scary About Spooky Flick]. The New Indian Express. Retrieved on 9 June 2015.</ref>

===Box office===
The film grossed around {{INR}}49 crore worldwide in its opening weekend,<ref name="weekend" /><ref>[http://www.ibtimes.co.in/masss-box-office-suriya-starrer-fails-beat-ajiths-yennai-arindhaal-vijays-kaththi-634365 'Masss' Box Office: Suriya Starrer Fails to Beat Ajith's 'Yennai Arindhaal', Vijay's 'Kaththi', Rajinikanth's 'Lingaa', 'I' Records] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150603233458/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/masss-box-office-suriya-starrer-fails-beat-ajiths-yennai-arindhaal-vijays-kaththi-634365 |date=3 June 2015 }}. Ibtimes.co.in (2 June 2015). Retrieved on 9 June 2015.</ref> including {{INRConvert|18|c}} net in Tamil Nadu alone with {{INR}}1.84 crore from Chennai alone.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 June 2015 |title=Tamil Nadu Box Office – Suriya's Masss Opening Weekend Figures |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/suriya-venkat-prabhus-masss-has-grossed-close-to-18-crores-from-tamil-nadu-after-the-opening-weekend.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150603194527/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/suriya-venkat-prabhus-masss-has-grossed-close-to-18-crores-from-tamil-nadu-after-the-opening-weekend.html |archive-date=3 June 2015 |access-date=5 June 2015 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref> ''Masss'' collected nearly {{INR}}3 crore in [[Kerala]] during its first weekend.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 2015 |title=Masss 3 days Tamil Nadu collection |url=http://www.filmibeat.com/tamil/news/2015/masss-3-days-worldwide-box-office-collections-begins-well-185163.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911205528/http://www.filmibeat.com/tamil/news/2015/masss-3-days-worldwide-box-office-collections-begins-well-185163.html |archive-date=11 September 2016 |access-date=2 September 2016 |website=Filmibeat . Retrieved 1 June 2015.}}</ref> It collected {{INR}}1 crore from [[Bangalore]] alone on its first day.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 May 2015 |title=Masss weekend collection |url=http://m.ibtimes.co.in/masss-first-day-box-office-collection-suriya-starrer-off-fantastic-opening-bengaluru-worldwide-634102.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529021239/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/masss-first-day-box-office-collection-suriya-starrer-off-fantastic-opening-bengaluru-worldwide-634102 |archive-date=29 May 2024 |access-date=2 September 2016 |website=Ibtimes. Retrieved 29 May 2015.}}</ref> From the overseas markets, it reportedly earned {{INRConvert|16|c}} in its first three days.<ref name="weekend">{{Cite web |date=3 June 2015 |title='Masss' Box Office: Strikes Gold In International Market |url=http://www.filmibeat.com/tamil/news/2015/masss-box-office-strikes-gold-in-international-market-but-fails-to-beat-kanchana-2-185450.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605021208/http://www.filmibeat.com/tamil/news/2015/masss-box-office-strikes-gold-in-international-market-but-fails-to-beat-kanchana-2-185450.html |archive-date=5 June 2015 |access-date=4 June 2015 |website=[[Oneindia]]}}</ref> The film has grossed approximately {{INRConvert|79|c|year=2015}} worldwide from both Tamil and Telugu versions in its lifetime.<ref name="ibtimes1" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=27 June 2015 |title=Half-yearly report card |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/halfyearly-report-card/article7361515.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529021222/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/halfyearly-report-card/article7361515.ece |archive-date=29 May 2024 |access-date=27 January 2016 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

''Masss'' was listed as one of the [[List of highest-grossing Tamil films|top 10 highest-grossing Tamil films of the year]].<ref name="ibtimes1" />

== Accolades ==
{{Expand section|June 2025|date=June 2025}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=4328798}}

{{Venkat Prabhu}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2015 Indian films]]
[[Category:2015 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2010s ghost films]]
[[Category:2010s supernatural thriller films]]
[[Category:2015 action comedy films]]
[[Category:2015 comedy horror films]]
[[Category:2015 films]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Sri Lankan people]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Tamil Nadu Police]]
[[Category:Films about con artists]]
[[Category:Films about exorcism]]
[[Category:Films about families]]
[[Category:Films about father–son relationships]]
[[Category:Films about miscarriage of justice]]
[[Category:Films about murder]]
[[Category:Films about police corruption]]
[[Category:Films about road accidents and incidents]]
[[Category:Films about the Royal Canadian Mounted Police]]
[[Category:Films directed by Venkat Prabhu]]
[[Category:Films scored by Thaman S]]
[[Category:Films scored by Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
[[Category:Films set in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films set in Quebec City]]
[[Category:Films set in Tanzania]]
[[Category:Films set in heaven]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bulgaria]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kerala]]
[[Category:Films shot in Manali, Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films shot in Ooty]]
[[Category:Films shot in Puducherry]]
[[Category:Indian action comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian action horror films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy horror films]]
[[Category:Indian ghost films]]
[[Category:Indian nonlinear narrative films]]
[[Category:Indian supernatural horror films]]
[[Category:Indian supernatural thriller films]]
[[Category:Supernatural comedy films]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Films set in Montreal]]
[[Category:Films produced by K. E. Gnanavel Raja]]
[[Category:Studio Green films]]

Vedanth Bharadwaj

2026-03-31T16:56:44Z

ShereeScotto4: made new details more to come

{{blp refimprove|date=March 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| image = Vedu.jpg
| caption = Vedanth performing at Coimbatore
| name = Vedanth Bharadwaj
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1980|10|01}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], Maharashtra, India
| occupation = Singer, composer, guitarist
| genre = [[Folk music|Folk]], [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani classical]], [[Carnatic music|Carnatic]]
| website = http://www.vedanth.in
}}

'''Vedanth Bharadwaj''' (born 1 October 1980) is a vocalist and composer born in [[Mumbai, India]]. He is a qualified guitarist from the [[Trinity College London]] and is best known for his work with songs and poems from the [[Bhakti Movement]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thealternative.in/author/vedanth-bharadwaj/ |title=Vedanth Bharadwaj, for The Alternative – The Alternative |publisher=Thealternative.in |date=4 April 2012 |accessdate=29 November 2013 |archive-date=3 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203011715/http://thealternative.in/author/vedanth-bharadwaj/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Early life==
Vedanth started training in Classical music around the age of four, under [[Neyveli Santhanagopalan]]. At first a reluctant student, he soon realised that he enjoyed his music lessons. After being a student of Sri Neyveli Santhanagopalan for over ten years, he trained with Sri Narayana Iyengar for about three years. But his training came to an abrupt end when he moved to [[Rishi Valley School]]. While there, he met his roommate and future collaborator, Ananth Menon, who introduced him to rock music, and taught him the guitar. Vedanth is a Post Graduate in Psychology and an MBA in Corporate Communication.<ref name=vedu1>{{cite web|url=http://lite.epaper.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes&pageid=46&edlabel=TOICH&mydateHid=14-04-2012&pubname=&edname=&articleid=Ar04600&format=&publabel=TOI |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002055044/http://lite.epaper.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes&pageid=46&edlabel=TOICH&mydateHid=14-04-2012&pubname=&edname=&articleid=Ar04600&format=&publabel=TOI |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 October 2013 |title=Times of India Publications |publisher=Lite.epaper.timesofindia.com |date=14 April 2012 |accessdate=29 November 2013}}</ref>

==Music==

===Early career===
When he returned to Chennai from Rishi Valley School, Vedanth formed a band called Buddha's Babies, playing in a genre they liked to call "alternative acoustic trance". Soon after, he returned to Indian classical music and started training with Ramamoorthy Rao, who remains his guru to this day.
While doing his Masters, Vedanth did a series of studies on music therapy. He worked as a music therapist with children with special needs at the Kaleidoscope Learning Centre. Meanwhile, he was composing ad jingles for companies like Reliance and Parry's.He formed a group with Ananth Menon and another friend Balu (music director SK Balachandran), and they composed the music for [[Jagapati Babu]]-starrer Telugu film Brahmastram in 2006.<ref name=vedu1/>

===Music for Films===
Vedanth scored [[Aruvi (soundtrack)|the music]] for the film [[Aruvi]] (in collaboration with Bindhu Malini). The film was directed by first-timer Arun Prabhu, starring another first-timer [[Aditi Balan]].
Vedanth scored the music for the film His Father's Voice, directed by Kaarthikeyan Kirubhakaran.

===Albums===

====Mati Kahe====
A few years later, during which he composed for a few more films and set up a studio in his house, Vedanth rediscovered songs from the Bhakti movement. He started singing songs of [[Mirabai]], [[Guru Nanak]] and [[Kabir]], adding his own twists to the tunes. This eventually led to the germination of his first album, Mati Kahe (2007), which contains songs from the saints and poets of the Bhakti movement. All the songs are accompanied only by the guitar, and some of the tunes were composed by his guru.<ref>{{cite web|author=WS Retail |url=http://www.flipkart.com/mati-kahe/p/itmd9ndfnkzrctgr?pid=AVMD9NDECEBA4AHQ |title=Mati Kahe |publisher=Flipkart.com |date=n.d.|accessdate=29 November 2013}}</ref>

====Suno Bhai====
The success of his first album fuelled his drive and he started work on his second project. Wanting to concentrate on the works of Kabir, he read translations of his couplets and listened to renditions of his songs by [[Kumar Gandharva]]. He collaborated with classical singer [[Bindhu Malini]], and together they made his second album, Suno Bhai (2013).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Search&Key=TOICH/2011/01/02/29/Ar02900.xml&CollName=TOI_CHENNAI_ARCHIVE_2009&DOCID=277443&Keyword=((%3Cmany%3E%3Cstem%3EVedanth%3Cphrase%3E%3Cmany%3E%3Cstem%3EBharadwaj))&skin=pastissues2&AppName=2&ViewMode=HTML |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002055047/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Search&Key=TOICH/2011/01/02/29/Ar02900.xml&CollName=TOI_CHENNAI_ARCHIVE_2009&DOCID=277443&Keyword=((%3Cmany%3E%3Cstem%3EVedanth%3Cphrase%3E%3Cmany%3E%3Cstem%3EBharadwaj))&skin=pastissues2&AppName=2&ViewMode=HTML |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 October 2013 |title=Article Window |work=The Times of India |date=n.d.|accessdate=29 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=WS Retail |url=http://www.flipkart.com/suno-bhai/p/itmdbc2jttm9w5tg?pid=AVMDBC2JJDHU3NGG |title=Suno Bhai |publisher=Flipkart.com |date=n.d.|accessdate=29 November 2013}}</ref>

===Frequent collaborations===
In addition to Suno Bhai, Vedanth and Bindhu Malini, frequently perform together, including at the annual Kabir Yatra in Madhya Pradesh. Vedanth collaborated with several musicians for his second album, including flautist Navin Iyer, and kanjeera-player BS Purushotaman. He also collaborated with the Trichur brothers as part of their group Anubhuti.
There are several musicians who Vedanth performs with regularly. Among them are [[Anil Srinivasan]] and [[Sikkil Gurucharan]] of whom Vedanth says, "when the three of us get together, music just happens."
Another common collaborator of his is Ananth Menon of Bangalore-based musical group Galeej Gurus. Vedanth and Ananth have given several performances together including at the [[Fireflies Festival of Sacred Music]] in Bangalore. Shruthi Vishwanath, a classically trained singer who sings abhangs and nirgun poetry is another of his collaborators at the Kabir Festival of Mumbai, and the Malwa Kabir Yatra.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thekabirfest.com/2016/schedule/|title = Schedule – the Kabir Festival}}</ref> He has also played the guitar on [[Bombay Jayashri]]'s album, Kannamma, and composed the score for contemporary dancer [[Anita Ratnam]]'s production, Faces, Ma3Ka, Million Sitas among others.
He has collaborated with theatre director Rajeev Krishnan, giving music and playing small parts in his plays, Jujubee and How to Skin a Giraffe.<ref name=vedu2>{{cite web|url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Search&Key=MMIR/2013/01/08/36/Ar03600.xml&CollName=MMIR_ARCHIVE_2009&DOCID=427054&Keyword=((%3Cmany%3E%3Cstem%3EVedanth%3Cphrase%3E%3Cmany%3E%3Cstem%3EBharadwaj))&skin=pastissues2&AppName=2&ViewMode=HTML |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002055051/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Search&Key=MMIR/2013/01/08/36/Ar03600.xml&CollName=MMIR_ARCHIVE_2009&DOCID=427054&Keyword=((%3Cmany%3E%3Cstem%3EVedanth%3Cphrase%3E%3Cmany%3E%3Cstem%3EBharadwaj))&skin=pastissues2&AppName=2&ViewMode=HTML |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 October 2013 |title=Article Window |work=The Times of India |date=n.d.|accessdate=29 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/for-children/article3868207.ece |title=For children |newspaper=The Hindu |date=7 September 2012 |accessdate=29 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/theatre/how-to-skin-a-giraffe-aug-2-aug-10-aug-24/article4917486.ece |title=How to Skin a Giraffe – Aug 2, Aug 10 & Aug 24 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=16 July 2013 |accessdate=29 November 2013}}</ref>

===Performances===
Vedanth has a unique style that blends Indian Classical and folk music. Vedanth has given several performances and concerts all over India and abroad. Some of his notable performances have been at the Playhouse Company South Africa, Singapore, Ladakh Music Confluence 2010, TED Conference 2011, Congo Square Jazz Festival in Kolkata 2010, Chennai Sangamam 2012, Coimbatore Vizha 2011, Fireflies Festival 2011, TEDxSVCE Chennai 2012, Rajasthan Kabir Yatra at Bikaner, [[Mumbai]], [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]] and [[Malwa]], NH7 Bangalore, Storm Festival Coorg, Malwa Kabir Yatra, Mumbai Kabir Festival, The Celtic Connections Festival in Scotland<ref>https://theartsdesk.com/new-music/celtic-connections-juliette-lemoine-orchestral-qawwali-project-review-fusion-myriad-musical?amp</ref>, The Indika Music Festival at Liverpool<ref>https://sun-13.com/2023/11/13/vedanth-bharadwaj-s-j-downes-everyman-theatre-09-11-2023/</ref><ref>https://milap.co.uk/2023/12/indika2023thehighlights/</ref>, among several others.

<ref name=vedu2/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oklisten.com/vedanthbharadwaj |title=Vedanth Bharadwaj |publisher=OK Listen! |date=n.d.|accessdate=29 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Meera Srinivasan |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-sundaymagazine/the-poet-of-equality/article4517601.ece |title=The poet of equality |newspaper=The Hindu |date=17 March 2013 |accessdate=29 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-sundaymagazine/clean-green-music/article4349433.ece |title=Clean, green music |newspaper=The Hindu |date=27 January 2013 |accessdate=29 November 2013}}</ref>

===Influences===
Vedanth has a diverse set of influences ranging from [[Bob Dylan]], [[Eric Clapton]], [[Eagles (band)|Eagles]], [[Beatles]], [[Allman Brothers]], [[Ray Charles]], [[Frank Sinatra]] to TR Mahalingam, [[Ilayaraja]], [[AR Rahman]], [[Ustad Amir Khan]], [[Pt Bhimsen Joshi]] and Kabir and Meera.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Search&Key=TOICH/2012/08/22/35/Ar03502.xml&CollName=TOI_CHENNAI_ARCHIVE_2009&DOCID=519926&Keyword=((%3Cmany%3E%3Cstem%3EVedanth%3Cphrase%3E%3Cmany%3E%3Cstem%3EBharadwaj))&skin=pastissues2&AppName=2&ViewMode=HTML |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002055118/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Search&Key=TOICH/2012/08/22/35/Ar03502.xml&CollName=TOI_CHENNAI_ARCHIVE_2009&DOCID=519926&Keyword=((%3Cmany%3E%3Cstem%3EVedanth%3Cphrase%3E%3Cmany%3E%3Cstem%3EBharadwaj))&skin=pastissues2&AppName=2&ViewMode=HTML |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 October 2013 |title=Article Window |work=The Times of India |date=n.d.|accessdate=29 November 2013}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Vedanth married Neha, a Punjabi girl, in 2010. They live in Chennai where Vedanth has set up his studio.
He is passionate about music, wherever he finds it. He is known to have helped a Chennai-based street Banjo player by buying him an amplifier and promoting him on his YouTube channel.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.newindianexpress.com/chennai/8382 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203092941/http://m.newindianexpress.com/chennai/8382 |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 December 2013 |title=When dholak weds melam |work=The New Indian Express |date=17 June 2013 |accessdate=29 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Liffy Thomas |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/roaming-strings/article4576552.ece |title=Roaming strings |newspaper=The Hindu |date=3 April 2013 |accessdate=29 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WfS19GblP6c |title=Banjo player on Besant Nagar Beach – Street musician – 2013-03-24 19.34.00 |via=YouTube |date=24 March 2013 |accessdate=29 November 2013}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|http://www.vedanth.in}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304112230/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Search&Key=ETCH/2008/05/02/23/Ar02300.xml&CollName=ET_CHENNAI_ARCHIVE_2007&DOCID=139550&Keyword=((%3Cmany%3E%3Cstem%3EVedanth%3Cphrase%3E%3Cmany%3E%3Cstem%3EBharadwaj))&skin=pastissues2&AppName=2&ViewMode=HTML ]
*http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-sundaymagazine/from-massachusetts-to-mumbai/article3876020.ece
*http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-sundaymagazine/oldtime-feel/article3729505.ece
*http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-sundaymagazine/heartbreak-time/article3590206.ece
*http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/fifty-and-going-strong/article3686093.ece
*http://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/showcase-maestro-on-a-song/article3639477.ece

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bharadwaj, Vedanth}}
[[Category:1980 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tamil film score composers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian singers]]
[[Category:Indian classical composers]]
[[Category:Musicians from Mumbai]]

United Arab Emirates

2026-03-29T22:27:32Z

ShereeScotto4: minor expanded formatting for consistency also

{{Short description|Country in West Asia}}
{{redirect-multi|2|UAE|The Emirates|other uses|UAE (disambiguation)|and|Emirates (disambiguation)}}
{{pp-semi-indef}}
{{pp-move}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = United Arab Emirates
| common_name = UAE
| native_name = {{native name|ar|الإمارات العربية المتحدة}} {{resize|85%|{{transliteration|ar|al-Imārāt al-'Arabiyya al-Muttaḥida}}}}
| image_flag = Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg
| flag_type = [[Flag of the United Arab Emirates|Flag]]
| image_coat = Emblem of the United Arab Emirates.svg
| symbol_type = [[Emblem of the United Arab Emirates|Emblem]]
| national_anthem = {{lang|ar|عيشي بلادي}} {{transliteration|ar|[[Ishy Bilady|Īshī Bilādī]]}} "Long Live My Country" <div style="display: inline-block; margin-top: 0.4em;">[[File:UAE national anthem.ogg]]</div>
| image_map = United Arab Emirates (orthographic projection).svg
| map_width = 250px
| map_caption = {{map caption |location_color= green |region=the [[Arabian Peninsula]] |region_color= none}}
| image_map2 = {{maplink |frame=yes
| frame-width=250 |frame-height=250 |frame-align=center
| text= '''United Arab Emirates'''
| type=line|id=Q878|stroke-width=1|stroke-colour=#0000ff|title=UAE }}
| capital = [[Abu Dhabi]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|24|28|N|54|22|E|type:city}}
| largest_city = [[Dubai]] {{coord|25|15|N|55|18|E|display=inline}}
| official_languages = [[Modern Standard Arabic|Arabic]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Fact sheet |url=https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/fact-sheet |website=United Arab Emirates |publisher=U.ae |access-date=31 August 2020 |archive-date=18 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118101755/https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/fact-sheet |url-status=live }}</ref>
| common_languages = {{hlist|[[Emirati Arabic]]|[[English language|English]]{{efn|English is the most commonly spoken language in the UAE.<ref name="Siemund">{{cite journal |last1=Siemund |first1=Peter |last2=Al-Issa |first2=Ahmad |last3=Leimgruber |first3=Jakob R. E. |title=Multilingualism and the role of English in the United Arab Emirates |journal=World Englishes |date=June 2021 |volume=40 |issue=2 |pages=191–204 |doi=10.1111/weng.12507 |s2cid=219903631 |language=en |issn=0883-2919|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="visitdubai">{{cite web |title=What Languages are Spoken in Dubai? {{!}} Visit Dubai |url=https://www.visitdubai.com/en/articles/spoken-languages-in-dubai#:~:text=Absolutely.,English%20is%20always%20an%20option. |website=www.visitdubai.com |publisher=Dubai Department of Economy and Tourism |access-date=15 May 2023 |language=en |archive-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115224604/https://www.visitdubai.com/en/articles/spoken-languages-in-dubai#:~:text=Absolutely.,English%20is%20always%20an%20option. |url-status=live }}</ref>}}}}
| ethnic_groups = {{tree list}}
* 59.4% [[South Asian diaspora|South Asian]]
** 38.2% [[Indians in the United Arab Emirates|Indian]]
** 9.5% [[Bangladeshis in the United Arab Emirates|Bangladeshi]]
** 9.4% [[Pakistanis in the United Arab Emirates|Pakistani]]
** 2.3% [[South Asian ethnic groups|other]]
* 12% [[Emiratis|Emirati Arab]]
* 10.2% [[Expatriates in the United Arab Emirates#Egyptians|Egyptian]]
* 6.1% [[Filipinos in the United Arab Emirates|Filipino]]
* 12.4% [[Expatriates in the United Arab Emirates|other]]
{{tree list/end}}
| ethnic_groups_ref = <ref name="WorldFactbook" />
| ethnic_groups_year = 2015
| religion = {{tree list}}
* 74.5% [[Islam in the United Arab Emirates|Islam]] ([[State religion|official]])
** 63.3% [[Sunni Islam]]
** 6.7% [[Shia Islam in the United Arab Emirates|Shia Islam]]
** 4.4% [[Islamic schools and branches|other]]
* 12.9% [[Christianity in the United Arab Emirates|Christianity]]
* 6.2% [[Hinduism in the United Arab Emirates|Hinduism]]
* 3.2% [[Religion in the United Arab Emirates|Buddhism]]
* 1.3% [[Irreligion in the United Arab Emirates|Agnosticism]]
* 1.9% [[Religion in the United Arab Emirates|other]]
{{tree list/end}}
| religion_year = 2020
| religion_ref = <ref name="WorldFactbook" />
| demonym = [[Emiratis|Emirati]]<ref name=WorldFactbook />
| government_type = Federal [[semi-presidential]] elective [[semi-constitutional monarchy]]{{refn|<ref>{{cite book|last=Stewart|first=Dona J.|title=The Middle East Today: Political, Geographical and Cultural Perspectives|publisher=Routledge|date=2013|location=London and New York|isbn=978-0-415-78243-2|page=155}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Day|first=Alan John|title=Political Parties of The World|publisher=Stockton|date=1996|isbn=1-56159-144-0|page=599}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://elaws.moj.gov.ae/MainArabicTranslation.aspx?val=UAE-MOJ_LC-En/00_CONSTITUTION/UAE-LC-En_1971-07-18_00000_Dos.html&np=&lmp=undefined|title=United Arab Emirates Constitution|work=UAE Ministry of Justice|access-date=10 October 2018|archive-date=11 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011053637/https://elaws.moj.gov.ae/MainArabicTranslation.aspx?val=UAE-MOJ_LC-En/00_CONSTITUTION/UAE-LC-En_1971-07-18_00000_Dos.html&np=&lmp=undefined|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
| leader_title1 = [[President of the United Arab Emirates|President]]
| leader_name1 = [[Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan]]
| leader_title2 = [[Vice President of the United Arab Emirates|Vice Presidents]]
| leader_name2 = {{plainlist|
* [[Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum]]

* [[Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahyan]]
}}
| leader_title3 = [[Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates|Prime Minister]]
| leader_name3 = Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum
| legislature = {{plainlist|
* [[Federal Supreme Council]]
}}
| sovereignty_type = [[History of the United Arab Emirates|Establishment]]
| established_event1 = [[British protectorate]] as part of [[Trucial States]]
| established_date1 = 1820 and 1892
| established_event2 = [[National Day (United Arab Emirates)|Independence]] from the United Kingdom
| established_date2 = 2 December 1971
| established_event3 = Admission of [[Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah|Ras Al Khaimah]]
| established_date3 = 10 February 1972
| area_km2 = 83,600
| area_rank = 114th
| area_sq_mi = 32,278 
| percent_water = Negligible
| population_estimate_year = 2024
| population_estimate = 11,027,129<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statistics by Subject - Population |url=https://fcsc.gov.ae/en-us/Pages/Statistics/Statistics-by-Subject.aspx#/?folder=Demography%20and%20Social/Population/Population&subject=Demography%20and%20Social |access-date=2 November 2023 |website=Federal Competitiveness and Statistics Centre |archive-date=4 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204085440/https://fcsc.gov.ae/en-us/Pages/Statistics/Statistics-by-Subject.aspx#/?folder=Demography%20and%20Social/Population/Population&subject=Demography%20and%20Social |url-status=live }}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = 132
| population_density_sq_mi = 341.6
| population_density_rank = 83rd
| GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $905.23 billion<ref name="auto">{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Databases |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/SPROLLs/world-economic-outlook-databases |language=en}}</ref>
| GDP_PPP_year = 2025
| GDP_PPP_rank = 36th
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $81,680<ref name="auto"/>
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 13th
| GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $548.60 billion<ref name="auto"/>
| GDP_nominal_year = 2025
| GDP_nominal_rank = 28th
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $49,550<ref name="auto"/>
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 21st
| Gini = 26 
| Gini_year = 2018
| Gini_change = 
| Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web|title=GINI index (World Bank estimate) – United Arab Emirates|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=AE|website=data.worldbank.org|publisher=World Bank|access-date=30 March 2020|archive-date=30 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330025458/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=AE|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204222738/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 February 2021 |title=Gini Index coefficient|publisher=[[The World Factbook]]|access-date=24 September 2024}}</ref>
| HDI = 0.940 
| HDI_year = 2023 
| HDI_change = increase 
| HDI_ref = <ref name="UNDR">{{Cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |language=en}}</ref>
| HDI_rank = 15th
| currency = [[United Arab Emirates dirham|UAE dirham]]
| currency_code = AED
| calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in the United Arab Emirates|+971]]
| time_zone = [[Time in the United Arab Emirates|GST]]
| utc_offset = +04:00
| cctld = {{unbulleted list |[[.ae]] |[[emarat|امارات.]]}}
| footnotes = <div style="padding:0.2em;font-size:135%;text-align:center;">'''[[Portal:United Arab Emirates|United Arab Emirates portal]]'''</div>
| linking_name =
| official_website = {{URL|https://u.ae/}}
}}

The '''United Arab Emirates'''{{efn|{{langx|ar|الإمارات العربيّة المتّحدة|translit=al-ʾImārāt al-ʿArabiyya al-Muttaḥida|engvar=gb}} {{ALA-LC|ar|al-Imārāt al-{{ayn}}Arabīyah al-Muttaḥidah}}}} ('''UAE'''), also known simply as the '''Emirates''',{{efn|{{langx|ar|الإمارات|translit=al-ʾImārāt|links=no|engvar=gb}}}} is a country in [[West Asia]], situated at the eastern end of the [[Arabian Peninsula]]. It is a [[Federal monarchy|federal]] semi-constitutional [[monarchy]] made up of [[Emirates of the United Arab Emirates|seven emirates]], with [[Abu Dhabi]] serving as its national capital. The UAE borders [[Oman]] to the east and northeast, and [[Saudi Arabia]] to the southwest. It shares [[Maritime boundary|maritime borders]] with [[Qatar]] and [[Iran]] in the [[Persian Gulf]], and with Oman in the [[Gulf of Oman]]. In 2024, the UAE had an estimated population of over 11 million. [[Dubai]] is the country's [[List of cities in the United Arab Emirates|largest city]]. [[Islam]] is the [[state religion]]. [[Arabic]] is the official language while [[English language|English]] remains the most spoken language and the language of business.<ref name="Siemund" /><ref>{{cite web |title=The Federal Boundaries of the United Arab Emirates |url=http://people.exeter.ac.uk/nsaa201/UAE%20Federal%20Boundaries.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713025710/http://people.exeter.ac.uk/nsaa201/UAE%20Federal%20Boundaries.pdf |archive-date=13 July 2023 |access-date=28 March 2024}}</ref>

The present-day United Arab Emirates is located within the historical region of [[Eastern Arabia]], which was oriented to maritime trade and [[seafaring]]. The [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]] arrived in the region around 1500 and set up bases on the territory while waging [[Portuguese–Safavid wars|wars]] against the [[Safavid Iran|Persians]]. After their expulsion in 1622 the [[Dutch East India Company|Dutch]] controlled the straits and established global maritime dominance.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Report |first=Arno Maierbrugger Gulf News |date=15 September 2018 |title=The golden era of trade |url=https://gulfnews.com/travel/destinations/the-golden-era-of-trade-1.894577 |access-date=27 August 2025 |website=Gulf News: Latest UAE news, Dubai news, Business, travel news, Dubai Gold rate, prayer time, cinema |language=en}}</ref> By the 19th century, with [[Pearling industry|pearling]] becoming a major economic activity, [[Piracy in the Persian Gulf|piracy became rampant in the gulf]], prompting [[British Empire|British]] intervention.<ref name="bandits">{{Cite book |last=Pennel |first=C.R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uB7ODGowJ3AC |title=Bandits at Sea: A Pirates Reader |publisher=NYU Press |year=2001 |isbn=0814766781 |page=11}}</ref><ref name=":11">{{Cite news |date=28 August 2011 |title=United Arab Emirates country profile |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-14703998 |access-date=27 August 2025 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Local [[sheikhdoms]] formed a pact with the United Kingdom to create the [[Trucial States]], a [[British protectorate]] that was effectively shielded from attempted [[First Saudi state|Saudi]] and [[Omani Empire|Omani]] [[suzerainty]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bowen |first=Wayne H. |title=The history of Saudi Arabia |publisher=[[Greenwood Press]] |year=2008 |isbn=9780313087691 |pages=88 |language=English}}</ref> The Trucial States remained under British influence until full independence as the United Arab Emirates in 1971. [[Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan]], ruler of Abu Dhabi and the country's first president (1971–2004), oversaw rapid development of the Emirates by investing revenues from newly found [[Oil reserve|oil]] into healthcare, education, and infrastructure.<ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{cite news |date=14 November 2012 |title=United Arab Emirates profile |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14703998 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127014200/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14703998 |archive-date=27 November 2020 |access-date=28 March 2024 |work=BBC News}}</ref>

The UAE is considered a [[middle power]] in global affairs;<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Renad Mansour |author2=Mark White |date=June 2025 |title=Why peacebuilding fails and what to do about it |url=https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/2025-06/2025-06-11-why-peacebuilding-fails-mansour-white_0.pdf |website=www.chathamhouse.org}}</ref> Dubai serves as an international hub of finance, tourism, and commerce.<ref name=":9">{{Citation |title=United Arab Emirates Country Summary |work=The World Factbook |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-arab-emirates/summaries/ |access-date=2 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102093228/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-arab-emirates/summaries/ |archive-date=2 November 2023 |url-status=dead |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=By Location | Pivot Table | Data Portal |url=https://population.un.org/dataportal/data/indicators/49/locations/784/start/2024/end/2024/table/pivotbylocation?df=4a78fd51-e96f-4dee-936c-2f8b1b0566b8}}</ref> Only 11% of the population are native [[Emiratis]]; the vast majority of inhabitants are [[expatriates]] and [[migrant workers]], most of whom are from [[South Asia]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Facts and figures: UAE population by nationality, and more |url=https://www.mofa.gov.ae/en/the-uae/facts-and-figures |access-date=27 August 2025 |website=www.mofa.gov.ae}}</ref> The United Arab Emirates has the world's [[List of countries by proven oil reserves|seventh-largest oil reserves]] and [[List of countries by natural gas proven reserves|seventh-largest natural gas reserves]].<ref name="EIA">{{cite web |url= https://www.eia.gov/beta/international/data/browser/#/?pa=00000000000000000000000000000000002&c=vvvvuvo&ct=0&tl_id=5-A&vs=INTL.57-1-AFG-TBPD.A&vo=0&v=H&start=2014&end=2016 |title=Production of Crude Oil including Lease Condensate 2016|publisher=U.S. [[Energy Information Administration]] |format=CVS download|access-date=27 May 2017|archive-date=27 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427031435/https://www.eia.gov/beta/international/data/browser/#/?pa=00000000000000000000000000000000002&c=vvvvuvo&ct=0&tl_id=5-A&vs=INTL.57-1-AFG-TBPD.A&vo=0&v=H&start=2014&end=2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>U.S. Energy Information Administration, [http://www.eia.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/IEDIndex3.cfm?tid=5&pid=57&aid=6 International Energy Statistics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816185057/http://www.eia.gov/CFapps/ipdbproject/IEDIndex3.cfm?tid=5&pid=57&aid=6 |date=16 August 2016 }}, accessed 17 January 2019.</ref> The UAE has the most diversified economy among the members of the [[Gulf Cooperation Council]] (GCC), having become less reliant on natural resources in the 21st century and increasingly focusing on tourism and business.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/index.php|title=IMF Data Mapper|publisher=Imf.org|access-date=12 February 2016|archive-date=23 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723163119/http://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/index.php|url-status=live}}</ref> The UAE is a member of the [[United Nations]], [[Arab League]], [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]], [[OPEC]], [[Non-Aligned Movement]], [[World Trade Organization]], and [[BRICS]]; it is also a dialogue partner of the [[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation]].

The [[Federal Supreme Council]], made up of the seven ruling [[emirs]], is the highest state authority. It jointly appoints one member as [[President of the United Arab Emirates|federal president]], who appoints a [[List of prime ministers of the United Arab Emirates|prime minister]], who forms and leads [[Cabinet of the United Arab Emirates|the cabinet]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Political System & Governance {{!}} UAE Embassy |url=https://www.uae-embassy.org/discover-uae/governance/political-system-governance |access-date=27 August 2025 |website=Political System & Governance {{!}} UAE Embassy |language=en}}</ref> The UAE is an [[Authoritarianism|authoritarian]] state but generally liberal by regional standards.<ref name=":11" /> It ranks highly in several social indicators such as housing, [[Healthcare in the United Arab Emirates|healthcare]], [[Education in the United Arab Emirates|education]] and personal safety, as well as the highest regionally in the [[Human Development Index]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Newspaper |first=Aletihad |date=19 June 2025 |title=UAE scores high on Social Progress Index with top marks in housing, healthcare |url=https://en.aletihad.ae/news/uae/4584161/uae-scores-high-on-social-progress-index-with-top-marks-in-h |access-date=27 August 2025 |website=Aletihad Newspaper |language=en-EN}}</ref> Human rights organisations consider the UAE substandard on human rights, ranking low in the [[Human Freedom Index|human freedom index]] due to reports of government critics being imprisoned and tortured, families harassed by the state security apparatus, and cases of [[forced disappearance]]s.<ref>{{cite web |title=United Arab Emirates Archives |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/middle-east-and-north-africa/united-arab-emirates/report-united-arab-emirates/ |website=[[Amnesty International]] |access-date=3 April 2022 |language=en |archive-date=3 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403073642/https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/middle-east-and-north-africa/united-arab-emirates/report-united-arab-emirates/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Individual rights such as the freedoms of [[Freedom of assembly|assembly]], [[Freedom of association|association]], [[freedom of expression|expression]], and the [[Press Freedom Index|freedom of the press]] are severely repressed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Report on the situation of journalists in the UAE Input for the Secretary General Report on the safety of journalists and the issue of impunity |url=https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Issues/Journalists/GA72/InternationalCentreJusticeHumanRights.pdf |website=ohchr.org |publisher=[[Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]] |access-date=12 May 2022 |language=en |archive-date=12 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512002620/https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Issues/Journalists/GA72/InternationalCentreJusticeHumanRights.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Etymology ==
The United Arab Emirates is named after the seven emirates that formed a federation: the Emirate of [[Abu Dhabi]], the Emirate of [[Dubai]], the Emirate of [[Ajman]], the Emirate of [[Sharjah]], the Emirate of [[Ras Al Khaimah]], the Emirate of [[Umm Al Quwain]], and the Emirate of [[Fujairah]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ae.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126230144/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ae.html |archive-date=26 January 2018 |access-date=21 July 2025 |website=www.cia.gov |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
{{Main|History of the United Arab Emirates}}

=== Antiquity ===
[[File:Cántaro (26738115330).jpg|thumb|left|upright|2nd century [[Common Era|BCE]] era jar found in [[Mleiha Archaeological Centre|Mleiha Archaeological site]] in Sharjah]]

Stone tools recovered reveal a settlement of people from Africa some 127,000 years ago and a stone tool used for butchering animals discovered on the Arabian coast suggests an even older habitation from 130,000 years ago.<ref>{{Cite news|url = https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/uae-archaeologist-discovers-the-swiss-army-knife-from-130-000-years-ago-1.254963/|title = UAE archaeologist discovers the Swiss Army knife from 130,000 years ago|last = Pennington|first = Roberta|date = 5 February 2014|work = The National|access-date = 19 February 2017|archive-date = 27 December 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161227134452/http://www.thenational.ae/uae/uae-archaeologist-discovers-the-swiss-army-knife-from-130-000-years-ago|url-status = live}}</ref> In time, lively trading links developed with civilisations in [[Mesopotamia]], Iran, and the [[Indus Valley civilisation|Harappan culture]] of the Indus Valley. This contact persisted and became wider, probably motivated by the trade in copper from the [[Hajar Mountains]], which commenced around 3,000 BCE.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.adias-uae.com/ |title=Abu Dhabi Islands Archaeological Survey (ADIAS) |publisher=Adias-uae.com |access-date=12 February 2016 |archive-date=2 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302223259/http://www.adias-uae.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Sumerian sources talk of the [[Magan (civilization)|Magan]] civilisation, which has been identified as encompassing the modern UAE and Oman.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Early History of Civilisation|last=Woolley|first=Leonard|publisher=UNESCO|year=1963|page=611}}</ref>

There are six periods of human settlement with distinctive behaviours in the region before Islam, which include the [[Hafit period]] from 3,200 to 2,600 BCE, the [[Umm Al Nar culture]] from 2,600 to 2,000 BCE, and the [[Wadi Suq culture]] from 2,000 to 1,300 BCE. From 1,200 BCE to the advent of Islam in Eastern Arabia, through three distinctive [[Iron Age in the United Arab Emirates|Iron Ages]] and the [[Mleiha]] period, the area was variously occupied by the [[Achaemenid Empire|Achaemenids]] and other forces, and saw the construction of fortified settlements and extensive husbandry thanks to the development of the [[Qanat|''falaj'']] irrigation system.

===Islam===
The spread of [[Islam]] to the northeastern tip of the [[Arabian Peninsula]] is thought to have followed directly from a letter sent by the [[Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]] to the rulers of [[Oman]] in 630 CE. This led to a group of rulers travelling to [[Medina]], converting to Islam, and subsequently driving a successful uprising against the unpopular [[Sasanian Empire|Sassanids]], who dominated the coast at the time.{{sfnp|Heard-Bey|1996|p=127}} Following the death of Muhammad, the new Islamic communities south of the [[Persian Gulf]] threatened to disintegrate, with insurrections against the [[Muslim leaders]]. Caliph [[Abu Bakr]] sent an army from the capital [[Medina]] which completed its reconquest of the territory ([[Ridda wars|the Ridda Wars]]) with the [[Battle of Dibba]] in which 10,000 lives are thought to have been lost.{{sfnp|Heard-Bey|1996|pp=127–128}} This assured the integrity of the [[Caliphate]] and the unification of the Arabian Peninsula under the newly emerging [[Rashidun Caliphate]].

In 637, Julfar (in the area of today's [[Ras Al Khaimah]]) was an important port that was used as a staging post for the Islamic invasion of the [[Sasanian Empire]].<ref name="AbedHellyer2001">{{cite book|author1=Ibrahim Abed|author2=Peter Hellyer|title=United Arab Emirates, a New Perspective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QcMz3zV0qAMC&pg=PA83|year= 2001|isbn=978-1-900724-47-0|pages=83–84|publisher=Trident Press }}</ref> The area of the [[Al Ain]]/[[Buraimi Oasis]] was known as Tu'am and was an important trading post for camel routes between the coast and the Arabian interior.{{sfnp|Heard-Bey|1996|pp=22–23}}

The earliest [[Christianity|Christian]] site in the UAE was first discovered in the 1990s, an extensive monastic complex on what is now known as [[Sir Bani Yas]] Island and which dates back to the seventh century. Thought to be [[Nestorianism|Nestorian]] and built in 600 CE, the church appears to have been abandoned peacefully in 750 CE.<ref>{{Cite news|url = https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/ancient-secrets-of-sir-bani-yas-island-unveiled-1.550370|title = Ancient secrets of Sir Bani Yas unveiled|last = Thomas|first = Jen|date = 12 December 2012|work = The National|url-status=live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151222103357/http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/ancient-secrets-of-sir-bani-yas-island-unveiled|archive-date = 22 December 2015|df = dmy-all}}</ref> It forms a rare physical link to a legacy of Christianity, which is thought to have spread across the peninsula from 50 to 350 CE following trade routes. Certainly, by the fifth century, Oman had a bishop named John – the last bishop of Oman being Etienne, in 676 CE.<ref>{{Cite book|title = The Trucial States|last = Hawley|first = Donald|publisher= Allen & Unwin|year = 1971|isbn = 978-0-04-953005-8|location = UK|pages = 48–51}}</ref>

=== Portuguese era ===
{{See also|Battle of the Strait of Hormuz (1553)|Piracy in the Persian Gulf}}
[[File:Forte de doba.jpg|thumb|A painting of the [[Portuguese Empire]] {{ill|Doba Fortress|pt|Forte de Doba|vertical-align=sup}} in [[Dibba Al-Hisn]] in 1620]]

The harsh desert environment led to the emergence of the "versatile tribesman", nomadic groups who subsisted due to a variety of economic activities, including animal husbandry, agriculture, and hunting. The seasonal movements of these groups led not only to frequent clashes between groups but also to the establishment of seasonal and semi-seasonal settlements and centres. These formed tribal groupings whose names are still carried by modern Emiratis, including the [[Bani Yas]] and [[Al Nahyan family|Al Bu Falah]] of [[Abu Dhabi]], Al Ain, [[Liwa Oasis|Liwa]], and the west coast; the [[Dhawahir]], Awamir, [[Al Ali (tribe)|Al Ali]], and [[Manasir (tribe)|Manasir]] of the interior; the [[Sharqiyin]] of the east coast; and the [[Al-Qasimi|Qawasim]] to the north.<ref>{{Cite book|title = The Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Oman and Central Arabia|last = Lorimer|first = John|publisher= Government of India|year = 1908|location = Bombay|pages = 1432–1436}}</ref>

With the expansion of European [[colonial empire]]s, [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]], [[British Empire|English]], and [[Dutch Empire|Dutch]] forces appeared in the Persian Gulf region. By the 18th century, the Bani Yas confederation was the dominant force in most of the area now known as Abu Dhabi,{{sfnp|Heard-Bey|1996|p=43}}<ref>{{ cite journal | first=Kashf | last=Al Gumma | title=Annals of Oman from Early times to the year 1728 AD | journal= Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal | date= 1874}}</ref><ref>{{ cite book | last=Ibn Ruzaiq | translator= GP Badger | title= History of the Imams and Sayids of Oman |publisher=Hakluyt Society | place= London | date= 1871}}</ref> while the Northern [[Al-Qasimi|Al Qawasim]] (Al Qasimi) dominated maritime commerce. The Portuguese maintained an influence over the coastal settlements, building [[Fortification|forts]] in the wake of the bloody 16th-century conquests of coastal communities by [[Afonso de Albuquerque|Albuquerque]] and the Portuguese commanders who followed him – particularly on the east coast at [[Muscat]], [[Sohar]], and [[Khor Fakkan]].{{sfnp|Heard-Bey|1996|p=282}}

The southern coast of the Persian Gulf was known to the British as the "[[History of the United Arab Emirates|Pirate Coast]]",<ref>{{ cite book | last=Baker | first= Randall | date= 1979 | title= King Husain and the Kingdom of Hejaz | publisher= The Oleander Press | place=Great Britain}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The British Threat to the Ottoman Presence in the Persian Gulf during the Era of Abdülhamid II and the Responses toward it| last= Biral | first= Bilal Emre|publisher= Middle East Technical University|place=Ankara|date=2009|citeseerx = 10.1.1.633.1663}}</ref> as boats of the Al Qawasim federation harassed British-flagged shipping from the 17th century into the 19th.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.waynemadsenreport.com/articles/20081102_3 |date=3 November 2008 |title=The UAE is the old Pirate Coast. Not much has changed. |work=Wayne Madsen Report |access-date=23 June 2009 |archive-date=8 December 2011 |archive-url=http://web.archive.bibalex.org/web/20111208145256/http://www.waynemadsenreport.com/articles/20081102_3 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The charge of piracy is disputed by modern Emirati historians, including the current ruler of Sharjah, [[Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi|Sheikh Sultan Al Qasimi]], in his 1986 book ''The Myth of Arab Piracy in the Gulf''.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Myth of Arab Piracy in the Gulf |last=Al Qasimi |first=Sultan |publisher=Croom Helm |year=1986 |isbn=978-0-7099-2106-6 |location=UK}}</ref>
[[File:Persian Gulf 1507-1750.gif|alt=|thumb|Purple – [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]] in the Persian Gulf in the 16th and 17th century. Main cities, ports, and routes.]]
[[File:Ras Al Khaimah under attack, 1809 01.jpg|thumb|A painting depicting the burning of the coastal town and port of [[Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah]] during the [[Persian Gulf campaign of 1809]]]]

British expeditions to protect their Indian trade routes led to campaigns against Ras Al Khaimah and other harbours along the coast, including the [[Persian Gulf campaign of 1809]] and the more successful [[Persian Gulf campaign of 1819|campaign of 1819]]. The following year, Britain and a number of local rulers signed a [[General Maritime Treaty of 1820|maritime truce]], giving rise to the term [[Trucial States]], which came to define the status of the coastal emirates. A further treaty was signed in 1843 and in 1853, the [[Perpetual Maritime Truce]] was agreed. To this was added the 'Exclusive Agreements', signed in 1892, which made the [[Trucial States]] a British protectorate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.na.ae/en/education/historicalperiods/britishprince.aspx|title=British Era|website=National Archives of the United Arab Emirates|archive-date=18 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718144851/http://www.na.ae/en/education/historicalperiods/britishprince.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Under the 1892 treaty, the trucial sheikhs agreed not to dispose of any territory except to the British and not to enter into relationships with any foreign government other than the British without their consent. In return, the British promised to protect the Trucial Coast from all aggression by sea and to help in case of land attack. British maritime policing meant that pearling fleets could operate in relative security. However, the British prohibition of the [[History of slavery|slave trade]] meant an important source of income was lost to some sheikhs and merchants.<ref>[http://countrystudies.us/persian-gulf-states/84.htm United Arab Emirates – The Economy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101214091633/http://countrystudies.us/persian-gulf-states/84.htm |date=14 December 2010 }}. [[Library of Congress Country Studies]]. Retrieved 14 July 2013.</ref>

In 1869, the Qubaisat tribe settled at [[Khor Al Adaid]] and tried to enlist the support of the Ottomans. Khor Al Adaid was claimed by Abu Dhabi at that time, a claim supported by the British. In 1906, the British Political Resident, [[Percy Cox]], confirmed in writing to the ruler of Abu Dhabi, [[Zayed bin Khalifa Al Nahyan]] ('Zayed the Great'), that Khor Al Adaid belonged to his sheikhdom.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Morton|first1=Michael Quentin|title=Keepers of the Golden Shore: A History of the United Arab Emirates|year=2016|publisher=Reaktion Books|location=London|isbn=978-1-78023-580-6|pages=49–50|url=http://www.reaktionbooks.co.uk/display.asp?ISB=9781780235806|access-date=19 February 2017|archive-date=20 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220094206/http://www.reaktionbooks.co.uk/display.asp?ISB=9781780235806|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== British era and discovery of oil ===
{{See also|Persian Gulf campaign of 1809|Persian Gulf campaign of 1819|General Maritime Treaty of 1820|Trucial States}}
[[File:Dhayah Fort showing hilltop location.jpg|thumb|[[Dhayah Fort]] at the hill top. In 1819 it was the last [[Al-Qasimi]] stronghold to fall in the [[Persian Gulf campaign of 1819]]. The fall of Dhayah was to pave the way for the signing of the [[General Maritime Treaty of 1820]].]]

During the 19th and early 20th centuries, the [[Pearl hunting|pearling industry]] thrived, providing both income and employment to the people of the Persian Gulf.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Carter |first=Robert |date=2005 |title=The History and Prehistory of Pearling in the Persian Gulf |journal=Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=139–209 |doi=10.1163/1568520054127149 |jstor=25165089 |issn=0022-4995 |url=https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1591869 }}</ref> The [[World War I|First World War]] had a severe impact on the industry, but it was the [[economic depression]] of the late 1920s and early 1930s, coupled with the invention of the [[cultured pearl]], that wiped out the trade. The remnants of the trade eventually faded away shortly after the [[World War II|Second World War]], when the newly independent [[Government of India]] imposed heavy taxation on imported pearls. The decline of pearling resulted in extreme economic hardship in the Trucial States.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uaeinteract.com/history/trad/trd08.asp |title=UAE History & Traditions: Pearls & pearling |work=UAEinteract |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206103534/http://www.uaeinteract.com/history/trad/trd08.asp |archive-date=6 February 2016 }}</ref>

In 1922, the British government secured undertakings from the rulers of the Trucial States not to sign concessions with foreign companies without their consent. Aware of the potential for the development of natural resources such as oil, following finds in Persia (from 1908) and Mesopotamia (from 1927), a British-led oil company, the [[Iraq Petroleum Company]] (IPC), showed an interest in the region. The [[Anglo-Persian Oil Company]] (APOC, later to become [[BP|British Petroleum]], or BP) had a 23.75% share in IPC. From 1935, onshore concessions to explore for oil were granted by local rulers, with APOC signing the first one on behalf of Petroleum Concessions Ltd (PCL), an associate company of IPC.<ref>{{Cite book|title = From Pearls to Oil|last = Heard|first = David|publisher= Motivate|year = 2013|isbn = 978-1-86063-311-9|location = UAE|pages = 41–42}}</ref>

APOC was prevented from developing the region alone because of the restrictions of the [[Red Line Agreement]], which required it to operate through IPC. A number of options between PCL and the trucial rulers were signed, providing useful revenue for communities experiencing poverty following the collapse of the pearl trade. However, the wealth of oil which the rulers could see from the revenues accruing to surrounding countries remained elusive. The first bore holes in Abu Dhabi were drilled by IPC's operating company, Petroleum Development (Trucial Coast) Ltd (PDTC) at Ras Sadr in 1950, with a {{convert|13000|ft|m|abbr=off|adj=mid|-deep}} bore hole taking a year to drill and turning out dry, at the tremendous cost at the time of £1 million.

[[File:Mid-20th century Dubai.JPG|thumb|left|Dubai in 1950: the area in this photo shows [[Bur Dubai]] in the foreground (centred on [[Al-Fahidi Fort]]), [[Deira, Dubai|Deira]] in middle-right on the other side of the creek, and [[Al Shindagha]] (left) and [[Al Ras, Dubai|Al Ras]] (right) in the background across the creek, from Deira.]]
The British set up a development office that helped in some small developments in the emirates. The seven [[sheikh]]s of the [[Emirates of the United Arab Emirates|emirates]] then decided to form a council to coordinate matters between them and took over the development office. In 1952, they formed the Trucial States Council,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nasibbitar.net/adi_sr/DocumentsArticle4.jpg|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080803020019/http://nasibbitar.net/adi_sr/DocumentsArticle4.jpg|archive-date=3 August 2008|url-status=usurped|title=Al Khaleej News Paper}}</ref> and appointed [[Adi Bitar|Adi Al Bitar]], Dubai's [[Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum|Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum]]'s legal advisor, as secretary general and legal advisor to the council. The council was terminated once the United Arab Emirates was formed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fotw.info/flags/ae_tsc.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429011257/https://www.fotw.info/flags/ae_tsc.html |archive-date=29 April 2011 |title=Trucial States Council until 1971 (United Arab Emirates) |publisher=Flags of the World |url-status=live }}{{user-generated inline |date=November 2023}}</ref> The tribal nature of society and the lack of definition of borders between emirates frequently led to disputes, settled either through mediation or, more rarely, force. The [[Trucial Oman Scouts]] was a small military force used by the British to keep the peace.

In 1953, a subsidiary of [[BP]], D'Arcy Exploration Ltd, obtained an offshore concession from the ruler of Abu Dhabi. BP joined with [[Total SE|Compagnie Française des Pétroles]] (later [[Total SE|Total]]) to form operating companies, Abu Dhabi Marine Areas Ltd (ADMA) and Dubai Marine Areas Ltd (DUMA). A number of undersea oil surveys were carried out, including one led by the famous marine explorer [[Jacques Cousteau]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Cousteau|first1=Jacques|title=Calypso explores for underwater oil|url=https://www.librarything.com/work/18080895|journal=National Geographic Magazine|date=August 1955|volume=CVIII|issue=2|access-date=19 February 2017|author-link=Jacques Cousteau|archive-date=20 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220093825/https://www.librarything.com/work/18080895|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Morton|first1=Michael Quentin|title=Calypso in the Arabian Gulf: Jacques Cousteau's Undersea Survey of 1954|journal=Liwa|date=June 2015|volume=7|issue=13|pages=3–28|url=https://www.academia.edu/13056568|access-date=27 November 2016|archive-date=26 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426051607/https://www.academia.edu/13056568|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1958, a floating platform rig was towed from [[Hamburg]], [[Germany]], and positioned over the [[Umm Shaif oil field|Umm Shaif]] pearl bed, in Abu Dhabi waters, where drilling began. In March, it struck oil in the Upper Thamama rock formation. This was the first commercial discovery of the Trucial Coast, leading to the first exports of oil in 1962. ADMA made further offshore discoveries at Zakum and elsewhere, and other companies made commercial finds such as the [[Fateh Oil Field|Fateh oilfield]] off Dubai and the Mubarak field off Sharjah (shared with Iran).<ref>{{cite web|last1=Butt|first1=Gerald|title=Oil and Gas in the UAE|url=https://www.uaeinteract.com/uaeint_misc/pdf/perspectives/11.pdf|website=UAE Interact|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123003948/http://www.uaeinteract.com/uaeint_misc/pdf/perspectives/11.pdf|archive-date=23 November 2015}}</ref>

Meanwhile, onshore exploration was hindered by territorial disputes. In 1955, the [[United Kingdom]] represented Abu Dhabi and Oman in their dispute with Saudi Arabia over the [[Al Buraimi Governorate|Buraimi Oasis]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5444.htm|title=United Arab Emirates (06/07)|publisher=US Department of State|access-date=12 February 2016|archive-date=6 June 2002|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020606162024/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5444.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> A 1974 agreement between Abu Dhabi and Saudi Arabia seemed to have settled the Abu Dhabi-Saudi [[Territorial dispute|border dispute]], but this has not been ratified.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gray|first1=Matthew|title=Global Security Watch – Saudi Arabia|year= 2014|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara|isbn=978-0-313-38699-2|page=99|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dxvFBAAAQBAJ}}</ref> The UAE's border with Oman was ratified in 2008.<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/government/historic-uae-oman-accord-involves-272km-of-border-1.119592|title = Historic UAE-Oman accord involves 272 km of border|date = 22 July 2008|work = Gulf News|access-date = 19 February 2017|archive-date = 29 November 2014|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141129030925/http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/government/historic-uae-oman-accord-involves-272km-of-border-1.119592|url-status = live}}</ref>

PDTC continued its onshore exploration away from the disputed area, drilling five more bore holes that were also dry. However, on 27 October 1960, the company discovered oil in commercial quantities at the Murban No. 3 well on the coast near Tarif.<ref>{{Cite book|title = From Pearls to Oil|last = Heard|first = David|publisher= Motivate|year = 2013|isbn = 978-1-86063-311-9|location = UAE|pages = 413–416}}</ref> In 1962, PDTC became the [[Abu Dhabi Petroleum Company]]. As oil revenues increased, the ruler of Abu Dhabi, [[Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan]], undertook a massive construction program, building schools, housing, hospitals, and roads. When Dubai's oil exports commenced in 1969, Sheikh [[Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum]], the ruler of Dubai, was able to invest the revenues from the limited reserves found to spark the diversification drive that would create the modern [[global city]] of Dubai.<ref name="bbc.co.uk" />

=== Independence ===
{{See also|Foundation of the United Arab Emirates|Seizure of Abu Musa and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs}}
[[File:Flag-hoisting at the Union Declaration.jpg|thumb|left|Historic photo depicting the first hoisting of the United Arab Emirates flag by the rulers of the emirates at the Union House in Dubai on 2 December 1971]]

By 1966, it had become clear that the British government could no longer afford to administer and protect the [[Trucial States]], what is now the United Arab Emirates. British [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Members of Parliament]] (MPs) debated the preparedness of the [[Royal Navy]] to defend the [[sheikhdom]]s. On 24 January 1968, British Prime Minister [[Harold Wilson]] announced the government's decision, reaffirmed in March 1971 by Prime Minister [[Edward Heath]], to end the treaty relationships with the seven trucial sheikhdoms. Days after the announcement, the ruler of Abu Dhabi, Sheikh [[Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan]], fearing vulnerability, tried to persuade the British to honour the protection treaties by offering to pay the full costs of keeping the [[British Armed Forces]] in the Emirates. The British [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] government rejected the offer.<ref>{{cite web |author=Gornall, Jonathan |date=2 December 2011 |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/sun-sets-on-british-empire-as-uae-raises-its-flag-1.574721/ |title=Sun sets on British Empire as UAE raises its flag |work=The National |location=Abu Dhabi |access-date=28 March 2024 |archive-date=29 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629152914/http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/sun-sets-on-british-empire-as-uae-raises-its-flag#page5 |url-status=live }}</ref> After [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] MP [[Goronwy Roberts, Baron Goronwy-Roberts|Goronwy Roberts]] informed Sheikh Zayed of the news of British withdrawal, the nine Persian Gulf sheikhdoms attempted to form a union of Arab emirates, but by mid-1971 they were still unable to agree on terms of union even though the British treaty relationship was to expire in December of that year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://guide.theemiratesnetwork.com/basics/history_of_the_emirates.php |title=History the United Arab Emirates (UAE) – TEN Guide |work=Guide.theemiratesnetwork.com |date=11 February 1972 |access-date=23 June 2009 |archive-date=8 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090608021436/http://guide.theemiratesnetwork.com/basics/history_of_the_emirates.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Fears of vulnerability were realised the day before independence. An Iranian destroyer group broke formation from an exercise in the lower Gulf, sailing to the [[Greater and Lesser Tunbs|Tunb islands]]. On 30 November 1971 the islands were [[Seizure of Abu Musa and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs|taken by force]], civilians and Arab defenders alike allowed to flee. Two British warships, the aircraft carrier [[HMS_Eagle_(R05)|HMS Eagle]] and the [[HMS_Albion_(R07)|HMS Albion]], stood idle during the course of the invasion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/tonb |title=Tonb Islands (Greater and Lesser), two tiny islands of arguable strategic importance in the eastern Persian Gulf, south of the western tip of Qešm island |last1=Mirfendereski |first1=Guive |date=25 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704222708/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/tonb |archive-date=4 July 2015 }}</ref> A destroyer group approached the island of [[Abu Musa]] as well. But there, [[Khalid bin Muhammad Al Qasimi|Sheikh Khalid bin Muhammad Al Qasimi]] had already negotiated with the Iranian shah, and the island was quickly leased to Iran for $3 million a year. Meanwhile, Saudi Arabia laid claim to swathes of Abu Dhabi.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Krane |first1=Jim |year=2009 |title=City of Gold: Dubai and the Dream of Capitalism |pages=81–84}}</ref> It was not until 1974 that a [[Treaty of Jeddah (1974)|border agreement]] was signed with Saudi Arabia, formally demarcating the frontiers between the UAE and Saudi Arabia. The UAE's sense of threat from Iran influenced its financial support for [[Ba'athist Iraq|Iraq]] during the [[Iran–Iraq War]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 April 2025 |title=United Arab Emirates - Gulf, Sheikhdoms, Federation {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/United-Arab-Emirates/History |access-date=21 April 2025 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>

Originally intended to be part of the proposed Federation of Arab Emirates, Bahrain became independent in August, and Qatar in September 1971. When the British-Trucial Sheikhdoms treaty expired on 1 December 1971, both emirates became fully independent.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-1021.html |title=Bahrain – Independence |publisher=Country-data.com |access-date=28 March 2024 |archive-date=26 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226201621/http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-1021.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On 2 December 1971, six of the emirates (Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Sharjah, and Umm Al Quwain) agreed to enter into a union named the United Arab Emirates. [[Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah|Ras al-Khaimah]] joined later, on 10 January 1972.<ref>{{cite book|author=Smith, Simon C. |title=Britain's Revival and Fall in the Gulf: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, and the Trucial States, 1950–71|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w_qCeBV9IW0C&pg=PA64|year=2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-33192-0|page=64}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-TrucialOmanorTrucialStats.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111119060814/http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-TrucialOmanorTrucialStats.html|archive-date=19 November 2011 |title=Trucial Oman or Trucial States – Origin of Trucial Oman or Trucial States | Encyclopedia.com: Oxford Dictionary of World Place Names |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia.com }}</ref> In February 1972, the [[Federal National Council]] (FNC) was created; it was a 40-member consultative body appointed by the seven rulers. The UAE joined the [[Arab League]] on 6 December 1971 and the [[United Nations]] on 9 December.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Now the Dust Has Settled|last=De Butts|first=Freddie|publisher=Tabb House|year=1995|isbn=978-1-873951-13-2|page=228}}</ref> It was a founding member of the [[Gulf Cooperation Council]] in May 1981, with Abu Dhabi hosting the first [[Gulf Cooperation Council#History and founding|GCC summit]].

=== Post-independence period ===
{{Expand section|date=November 2025}}
The founding fathers of the United Arab Emirates were: [[Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan]] of [[Abu Dhabi]]; [[Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum]] of [[Dubai]]; [[Khalid bin Muhammad Al Qasimi]] of [[Sharjah]]; [[Rashid bin Humaid Al Nuaimi III|Rashid bin Humaid Al Nuaimi]] of [[Ajman]]; [[Ahmad bin Rashid Al Mualla]] of [[Umm Al Quwain]]; [[Saqr bin Mohammed Al Qasimi]] of [[Ras Al Khaimah]] and [[Mohammed bin Hamad Al Sharqi]] of [[Fujairah]].[[File:Burj Khalifa (worlds tallest building) and the Dubai skyline (25781049892).jpg|thumb|Skyline of [[Dubai]]]]
The UAE supported military operations by the US and other [[Coalition of the Gulf War|coalition states]] engaged in the [[Gulf War]] against [[Saddam Hussein]] in [[Ba'athist Iraq]] (1991), as well as operations supporting the global [[war on terror]] for the [[Horn of Africa]] at [[Al Dhafra Air Base]] located outside of Abu Dhabi. The air base also supported Allied operations during the 1991 Persian [[Gulf War]] and [[Operation Northern Watch]]. The country had already signed a [[military]] defence agreement with the U.S. in 1994 and one with France in 1995.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/crs/rl31641.pdf |author=Prados, Alfred B. | date=2002 |title= Iraqi Challenges and U.S. Responses: March 1991 through October 2002 |url-status=unfit |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060818063026/http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/crs/rl31641.pdf |archive-date= 18 August 2006| publisher= Library of Congress}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author= Foley, Sean |url= http://www.gloria-center.org/meria/1999/03/foley.pdf |title= The UAE: Political Issues and Security Dilemmas |journal= Middle East Review of International Affairs |volume= 3 |issue= 1 |date= March 1999 |access-date= 8 April 2013 |archive-date= 13 June 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130613164952/http://www.gloria-center.org/meria/1999/03/foley.pdf |url-status= dead }}</ref> In January 2008, France and the UAE signed a deal allowing France to set up a permanent military base in the emirate of Abu Dhabi.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14704414 |title=United Arab Emirates profile – Timeline |work=BBC News |date=14 November 2012 |access-date=28 March 2024 |archive-date=26 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226130642/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14704414 |url-status=live }}</ref> The UAE joined international military operations in Libya in March 2011.

On 2 November 2004, the UAE's first president, Sheikh [[Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan]], died. Sheikh [[Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan]] was elected as the [[President of the United Arab Emirates|president of the UAE]]. Sheikh [[Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan]] succeeded Sheikh Khalifa as crown prince of Abu Dhabi.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3975737.stm |title=Veteran Gulf ruler Zayed dies |work=BBC News |date=2 November 2004 |access-date=28 March 2024 |archive-date=29 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090929223450/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3975737.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> In January 2006, Sheikh [[Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum]], the prime minister of the UAE and the ruler of Dubai, died, and Sheikh [[Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum]] assumed both roles.

The first ever national elections were held on 16 December 2006. A number of voters chose half of the members of the [[Federal National Council]]. The UAE has largely escaped the [[Arab Spring]], which other countries have experienced; however, 60 Emirati activists from [[Al Islah (United Arab Emirates)|Al Islah]] were apprehended for an alleged coup attempt and the attempt of the establishment of an [[Islamism|Islamist]] state in the UAE.<ref name="reuters">{{cite news |last=Bakr |first=Amena |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-emirates-courts-norway-idUSBRE96K0AK20130721 |title=Woman jailed in Dubai after reporting rape hopes to warn others |work=Reuters |date=21 July 2013 |access-date=5 November 2013 |archive-date=10 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151210075642/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-emirates-courts-norway-idUSBRE96K0AK20130721 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Brotherhood 'sought Islamist state in UAE'|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/brotherhood-sought-islamist-state-in-uae-1.576627/|access-date=20 November 2012|date=21 September 2012|archive-date=22 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022094439/http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/brotherhood-sought-islamist-state-in-uae|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="amnesty.org">{{cite web |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde25/0018/2014/en/ |title=United Arab Emirates: Silencing dissent in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) |date=18 November 2014 |publisher=Amnesty International |access-date=12 February 2016 |archive-date=6 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106215938/https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde25/0018/2014/en/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Mindful of the protests in nearby Bahrain, in November 2012 the UAE outlawed online mockery of its government or attempts to organise public protests through social media.<ref name="bbc.co.uk" />

On 29 January 2020, the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] was confirmed to have [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates|reached the UAE]].<ref name="first case UAE">{{Cite news|last1=Hammond|first1=Ashley|url=https://gulfnews.com/uae/health/watch-how-the-first-coronavirus-case-in-uae-was-cured-1.1581323524356|title=Watch: How the first coronavirus case in UAE was cured|date=10 February 2020|work=Gulf News|access-date=11 February 2020|last2=Chaudhary|first2=Suchitra Bajpai|last3=Hilotin|first3=Jay|archive-date=10 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210155105/https://gulfnews.com/uae/health/watch-how-the-first-coronavirus-case-in-uae-was-cured-1.1581323524356|url-status=live}}</ref> Two months later, in March, the government announced the closure of shopping malls, schools, and places of worship, in addition to imposing a 24-hour curfew, and suspending all [[Emirates (airline)|Emirates]] passenger flights.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gulfnews.com/uae/government/coronavirus-uae-shuts-malls-for-two-weeks-1.1584914600541|title=Coronavirus: UAE shuts malls for two weeks|website=Gulf News|date=23 March 2020|access-date=28 March 2024|archive-date=23 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323164723/https://gulfnews.com/uae/government/coronavirus-uae-shuts-malls-for-two-weeks-1.1584914600541|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/10aa229f979a05241ede3c349f5e4d2d |first1=Aya |last1=Batrawy |title=Dubai's Emirates cuts passenger flights to 13 destinations|website=[[Associated Press]]|date=22 March 2020|access-date=28 March 2024|archive-date=30 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530142404/https://apnews.com/10aa229f979a05241ede3c349f5e4d2d|url-status=live}}</ref> This resulted in a major economic downturn, which eventually led to the merger of more than 50% of the UAE's [[:Category:United Arab Emirates federal entities|federal agencies]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/b2d8b670-8fd3-41e7-850b-e0c74302805e |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/b2d8b670-8fd3-41e7-850b-e0c74302805e |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription|title=UAE merges ministries in ambitious government restructuring|access-date=5 July 2020|website=Financial Times|date=5 July 2020|last1=Kerr|first1=Simeon}}</ref>
[[File:President Joe Biden stands with leaders of the GCC countries, Egypt, Iraq, and Jordan.jpg|thumb|UAE's President [[Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan]] and other leaders at the [[Gulf Cooperation Council|GCC]]+3 summit in [[Jeddah]], 16 July 2022]]
On 29 August 2020, the UAE established normal diplomatic relations with [[Israel]] and with the help of the [[United States]], they signed the [[Abraham Accords]] with [[Bahrain]].<ref name="BBC859">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-53770859|title=Israel and UAE strike historic deal to normalise relations|work=BBC News|date=13 August 2020|access-date=28 March 2024|archive-date=13 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813152232/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-53770859|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 9 February 2021, the UAE achieved a historic milestone when its probe, named ''[[Emirates Mars Mission|Hope]]'', successfully reached [[Mars]]'s orbit. The UAE became the first country in the [[Arab world]] to reach Mars, the fifth country to successfully reach Mars, and the second country, after an [[Mars Orbiter Mission|Indian probe]], to orbit Mars on its maiden attempt.

On 14 May 2022, Sheikh [[Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan]] was elected as the UAE's new president after the death of [[Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan|Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Who is MBZ, the UAE's new president? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/5/14/who-is-sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-mbz-uaes-new-president |work=Al Jazeera |language=en |access-date=28 March 2024 |archive-date=16 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516064657/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/5/14/who-is-sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-mbz-uaes-new-president |url-status=live }}</ref>

Following coordinated [[2026 Iran war|U.S. and Israeli strikes on Iran]] on 28 February 2026, the UAE faced a series of retaliatory [[2026 Iranian strikes on the United Arab Emirates|drone and missile attacks]]. Iran's [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps|IRGC]] targeted both U.S. military assets and critical Emirati economic infrastructure.<ref>{{cite news |title=Iran’s IRGC claims attacks on UAE, Bahrain aluminium facilities |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/29/irans-irgc-claim-attacks-on-uae-bahrain-facilities-linked-to-us-war |work=Al Jazeera |date=29 March 2026}}</ref>

== Geography ==
{{Main|Geography of the United Arab Emirates}}

[[File:Satellite image of United Arab Emirates in October.jpg|thumb|left|Satellite image of United Arab Emirates]]
The United Arab Emirates is situated in the [[Middle East]], bordering the [[Gulf of Oman]] and the [[Persian Gulf]], between [[Oman]] and [[Saudi Arabia]]; it is in a strategic location slightly south of the [[Strait of Hormuz]], a vital transit point for world [[Petroleum|crude oil]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uae.gov.ae/Government/oil_gas.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705161411/http://www.uae.gov.ae/Government/oil_gas.htm|archive-date=5 July 2008 |title=UAE Oil and Gas |publisher=UAE Ministry of Finance and Industry | url-status=dead |date=19 June 1999 }}</ref>

The UAE lies between 22°30' and 26°10' north latitude and between 51° and 56°25′ east longitude. It shares a {{convert|530|km|mi|adj=on}} border with Saudi Arabia on the west, south, and southeast, and a {{convert|450|km|mi|adj=on}} border with Oman on the southeast and northeast. The land border with Qatar in the [[Khor Al Adaid]] area is about {{convert|19|km|mi|spell=in|abbr=off}} in the northwest; however, it is a source of [[Saudi Arabia – United Arab Emirates border dispute|ongoing dispute]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arabmediawatch.com/amw/CountryBackgrounds/SaudiArabia/SaudiUAEdisputes/tabid/174/Default.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100408121304/http://www.arabmediawatch.com/amw/CountryBackgrounds/SaudiArabia/SaudiUAEdisputes/tabid/174/Default.aspx |archive-date=8 April 2010 |title=Saudi-UAE Disputes |publisher=Arabmediawatch.com |date=21 August 1974 }}</ref> Following Britain's military departure from the UAE in 1971, and its establishment as a new state, the UAE laid claim to Iranian-occupied islands of Abu Musa and the Greater and the Lesser Tunbs, when Iran captured them during the British rule, resulting in disputes with Iran that remain unresolved.<ref>{{cite web|title=UAE official calls for international action to end "Iranian occupation" of disputed islands|url=https://www.mei.edu/publications/uae-official-calls-international-action-end-iranian-occupation-disputed-islands|access-date=27 July 2021|website=Middle East Institute|language=en|archive-date=27 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727100431/https://www.mei.edu/publications/uae-official-calls-international-action-end-iranian-occupation-disputed-islands|url-status=live}}</ref> The UAE also disputes claim on other islands against the neighbouring state of Qatar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uaeprison.com/uae_disputes.htm|title=UAE Disputes, International UAE Disputes, UAE Boundary Dispute, UAE National Disputes, UAE Emirate Disputes, Claims Three Islands, Abu Musa Island, Greater & Lesser Tumb, The History of Islands, Human Resources UAE, Arab Emirates.|website=www.uaeprison.com|access-date=25 June 2018|archive-date=4 August 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090804050555/http://www.uaeprison.com/uae_disputes.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The largest emirate, [[Abu Dhabi (emirate)|Abu Dhabi]], accounts for 87% of the UAE's total area,<ref>{{Cite book|author=((Oxford Business Group)) |title=The Report: Abu Dhabi 2015|publisher=Oxford Business Group|year=2016|isbn=978-1-910068-25-0|page=17}}</ref> {{convert|67340|km2|0|abbr=out}}.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Brinkmann|first1=Robert|title=The Palgrave Handbook of Sustainability: Case Studies and Practical Solutions|last2=Garren|first2=Sandra J.|publisher=Springer|year=2018|isbn=978-3-319-71389-2|page=806}}</ref> The smallest emirate, [[Emirate of Ajman|Ajman]], encompasses only {{convert|259|km2|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite book|last=D'Avanzo|first=Carolyn|title=Mosby's Pocket Guide to Cultural Health Assessment|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|year=2008|isbn=978-0-323-08604-2|page=751}}</ref>

The UAE coast stretches for nearly {{convert|650|km|0|abbr=on}} along the southern shore of the [[Persian Gulf]], briefly interrupted by an isolated outcrop of the Sultanate of Oman. Six of the emirates are situated along the Persian Gulf, and the seventh, Fujairah, is on the eastern coast of the peninsula with direct access to the Gulf of Oman.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Middle East and North Africa 2004|publisher=Taylor Francis - Psychology Press|year=2003|isbn=1-85743-184-7|page=1175}}</ref> Most of the coast consists of [[Salt pan (geology)|salt pans]] that extend {{convert|8|–|10|km|abbr=on}} inland.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Schulz|first1=Stephan|last2=Horovitz|first2=Marcel|last3=Rausch|first3=Randolf|last4=Michelsen|first4=Nils|last5=Mallast|first5=Ulf|last6=Köhne|first6=Maximilian|last7=Siebert|first7=Christian|last8=Schüth|first8=Christoph|last9=Al-Saud|first9=Mohammed|last10=Merz|first10=Ralf|date=1 December 2015|title=Groundwater evaporation from salt pans: Examples from the eastern Arabian Peninsula|journal=Journal of Hydrology|language=en|volume=531|pages=792–801|doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.10.048|bibcode=2015JHyd..531..792S|issn=0022-1694|doi-access=free}}</ref> The largest [[harbor|natural harbor]] is at Dubai, although other ports have been dredged at Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, and elsewhere.<ref>{{cite web|date=4 April 2020|title=Top 5 Ports in United Arab Emirates|url=https://www.icontainers.com/us/2020/03/30/top-five-ports-united-arab-emirates/|access-date=17 August 2021|website=iContainers|language=en|archive-date=17 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817053645/https://www.icontainers.com/us/2020/03/30/top-five-ports-united-arab-emirates/|url-status=live}}</ref> Numerous islands are found in the Persian Gulf, and the ownership of some of them has been the subject of international disputes with both [[Iran]] and [[Qatar]]. The smaller islands, as well as many [[coral reef]]s and shifting sandbars, are a menace to navigation. Strong tides and occasional windstorms further complicate ship movements near the shore. The UAE also has a stretch of the [[Al Batinah Region|Al Bāţinah]] coast of the Gulf of Oman. The [[Musandam Governorate|Musandam Peninsula]], the very tip of Arabia by the Strait of Hormuz, and [[Madha]] are [[enclave and exclave|exclaves]] of Oman separated by the UAE.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Lancaster|first1=William|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Le0Ryxzh7cQC&q=musandam|title=Honour is in Contentment: Life Before Oil in Ras Al-Khaimah (UAE) and Some Neighbouring Regions|last2=Lancaster|first2=Fidelity|date=2011|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-022339-2|language=en|access-date=28 March 2024|archive-date=6 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106051754/https://books.google.com/books?id=Le0Ryxzh7cQC&q=musandam#v=snippet&q=musandam&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:View from Jebel Jais - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Roads leading to [[Jebel Jais]], the highest mountain in the UAE (1,892 m), in [[Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah|Ras Al Khaimah]]]]
South and west of Abu Dhabi, vast, rolling [[dune|sand dunes]] merge into the [[Rub al-Khali]] (Empty Quarter) of Saudi Arabia.<ref>{{cite web|date=31 August 2008|title=Empty Quarter|url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/9054/empty-quarter|access-date=6 September 2021|website=earthobservatory.nasa.gov|language=en|archive-date=6 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906080241/https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/9054/empty-quarter|url-status=live}}</ref> The desert area of Abu Dhabi includes two important oases with adequate underground water for permanent settlements and cultivation. The extensive [[Liwa Oasis]] is in the south near the undefined border with Saudi Arabia. About {{convert|100|km|0|abbr=on}} to the northeast of Liwa is the [[Al Buraimi Governorate|Al-Buraimi]] oasis, which extends on both sides of the Abu Dhabi-Oman border. [[Lake Zakher]] in Al Ain is a [[Man-made lake|human-made lake]] near the border with Oman that was created from treated waste water.<ref name="Man-made desert lake: Ecological paradise or disaster?">{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/03/14/world/meast/desert-lake-zakher-emirates/index.html?hpt=hp_t2 |title=The accidental lake: Birdwatcher's oasis or ecological disaster? |work=CNN |date=14 March 2013 |access-date=6 August 2013 |archive-date=18 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518052304/http://www.cnn.com/2013/03/14/world/meast/desert-lake-zakher-emirates/index.html?hpt=hp_t2 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Prior to withdrawing from the area in 1971, Britain delineated the internal borders among the seven emirates in order to preempt territorial disputes that might hamper formation of the federation. In general, the rulers of the emirates accepted the British interventions, but in the case of boundary disputes between Abu Dhabi and Dubai, and also between Dubai and Sharjah, conflicting claims were not resolved until after the UAE became independent. The most complicated borders were in the [[Western Hajar Mountains]], where five of the emirates contested jurisdiction over more than a dozen enclaves.

=== Biodiversity{{anchor|Flora_and_fauna}} ===
{{Main|Wildlife of the United Arab Emirates}}

[[File:1501200713074 Acacia tortilis.jpg|thumb|[[Acacia]] trees growing in desert suburbs near [[Fujairah]]]]

The UAE contains the following terrestrial ecoregions: [[Al Hajar montane woodlands]] and shrublands, [[Gulf of Oman desert and semi-desert]], and Al-Hajar foothill [[Deserts and xeric shrublands|xeric woodlands and shrublands]].<ref name="DinersteinOlson2017">{{cite journal|last1=Dinerstein|first1=Eric|last2=Olson|first2=David|last3=Joshi|first3=Anup|last4=Vynne|first4=Carly|last5=Burgess|first5=Neil D.|last6=Wikramanayake|first6=Eric|last7=Hahn|first7=Nathan|last8=Palminteri|first8=Suzanne|last9=Hedao|first9=Prashant|last10=Noss|first10=Reed|last11=Hansen|first11=Matt|last12=Locke|first12=Harvey|last13=Ellis|first13=Erle C|last14=Jones|first14=Benjamin|last15=Barber|first15=Charles Victor|last16=Hayes|first16=Randy|last17=Kormos|first17=Cyril|last18=Martin|first18=Vance|last19=Crist|first19=Eileen|last20=Sechrest|first20=Wes|last21=Price|first21=Lori|last22=Baillie|first22=Jonathan E. M.|last23=Weeden|first23=Don|last24=Suckling|first24=Kierán|last25=Davis|first25=Crystal|last26=Sizer|first26=Nigel|last27=Moore|first27=Rebecca|last28=Thau|first28=David|last29=Birch|first29=Tanya|last30=Potapov|first30=Peter|last31=Turubanova|first31=Svetlana|last32=Tyukavina|first32=Alexandra|last33=de Souza|first33=Nadia|last34=Pintea|first34=Lilian|last35=Brito|first35=José C.|last36=Llewellyn|first36=Othman A.|last37=Miller|first37=Anthony G.|last38=Patzelt|first38=Annette|last39=Ghazanfar|first39=Shahina A.|last40=Timberlake|first40=Jonathan|last41=Klöser|first41=Heinz|last42=Shennan-Farpón|first42=Yara|last43=Kindt|first43=Roeland|last44=Lillesø|first44=Jens-Peter Barnekow|last45=van Breugel|first45=Paulo|last46=Graudal|first46=Lars|last47=Voge|first47=Maianna|last48=Al-Shammari|first48=Khalaf F.|last49=Saleem|first49=Muhammad|display-authors=1|title=An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm|journal=BioScience|volume=67|issue=6|year=2017|pages=534–545|issn=0006-3568|doi=10.1093/biosci/bix014|pmid=28608869|pmc=5451287|doi-access=free}}</ref>

The oases grow [[Phoenix dactylifera|date palms]], [[acacia]], and [[eucalyptus]] trees. In the desert, the flora is very sparse and consists of [[grasses]] and thorn bushes. The indigenous fauna had come close to extinction because of intensive hunting, which has led to a conservation program on [[Sir Bani Yas]] Island initiated by Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan in the 1970s, resulting in the survival of, for example, [[Arabian Oryx]], [[Arabian camel]], and [[leopard]]s. [[Coastal fish]] and [[mammals]] consist mainly of [[mackerel]], [[Estuary perch|perch]], and [[tuna]], as well as [[shark]]s and whales.

=== Climate ===
The climate of the UAE is subtropical-arid with hot summers and warm winters. The climate is categorised as desert climate. The hottest months are July and August, when average maximum temperatures reach above {{convert|45|°C|°F|0}} on the [[coastal plain]]. In the Hajar Mountains, temperatures are considerably lower, a result of increased elevation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.manmm.net/eng/?page_id=35 |title= UAE Climate |publisher=Manmm.net |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112072308/http://www.manmm.net/eng/?page_id=35 |archive-date=12 January 2016 }}</ref> Average minimum temperatures in January and February are between {{convert|10|and|14|°C|°F|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abudhabi.ms/weather.html |title=Weather in Abu Dhabi |publisher=Abudhabi.ms |date=8 March 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429193142/http://www.abudhabi.ms/weather.html |archive-date=29 April 2009 }}</ref> During the late summer months, a humid southeastern wind known as Sharqi (i.e. "Easterner") makes the coastal region especially unpleasant. The average annual rainfall in the coastal area is less than {{convert|120|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}, but in some mountainous areas annual rainfall often reaches {{convert|350|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}. Rain in the coastal region falls in short, torrential bursts during the winter months, sometimes resulting in floods in ordinarily dry [[wadi]] beds.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_pictures/7189929.stm |title=In Pictures | Flooding in the UAE |work=BBC News |date=15 January 2008 |access-date=24 June 2009 |archive-date=29 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090929223446/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_pictures/7189929.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> The region is prone to occasional, violent [[dust storm]]s, which can severely reduce visibility.

On 28 December 2004, snow was recorded in the UAE for the first time, in the [[Jebel Jais]] mountain cluster in Ras al-Khaimah.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4135857.stm Middle East | Cold snap brings Gulf rare snow] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207190533/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4135857.stm |date=7 February 2015 }}. BBC News (30 December 2004). Retrieved 10 October 2015.</ref> A few years later, there were more sightings of snow and hail.<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/abu-dhabi-snow-hail-dubai-236446-2015-01-19 Global warming or wonder! Hail the snow in Abu Dhabi : World, News – India Today] . Indiatoday.intoday.in. Retrieved 10 October 2015.</ref><ref>[https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/middle-east-snow-extreme-heatwaves-and-uae-fog-what-s-going-on-with-the-weather-1.644687/ Middle East snow, extreme heatwaves and UAE fog: what's going on with the weather? | The National] . Thenational.ae (29 January 2013). Retrieved 10 October 2015.</ref> The Jebel Jais mountain cluster has experienced snow only twice since records began.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/general/heavy-snowfall-on-ras-al-khaimah-s-jebel-jais-mountain-cluster-1.46663|title=Heavy snowfall on Ras Al Khaimah's Jebel Jais mountain cluster|author=Nazzal, Gando|work=[[Gulf News]]|date=24 January 2009|access-date=1 January 2012|archive-date=24 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120124041115/http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/general/heavy-snowfall-on-ras-al-khaimah-s-jebel-jais-mountain-cluster-1.46663|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Government and politics ==
{{Main|Politics of the United Arab Emirates}}

{{multiple image
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| image1 = Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan - 2024 (cropped).jpg
| caption1 = [[Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan]] [[President of the United Arab Emirates|President]] 
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| image2 = Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum (15-02-2021).jpg
| caption2 = [[Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum]] [[List of Prime Ministers of the United Arab Emirates|Prime Minister]] and [[Vice President of the United Arab Emirates|Vice President]] 
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The United Arab Emirates is a [[Federation|federal]] [[Semi-presidential republic|semi-presidential state]] under a [[semi-constitutional monarchy]] made up of seven [[Hereditary monarchy|hereditary]] tribal [[monarchy]]-styled political units called [[Sheikhdom]]s. It is governed by a [[Federal Supreme Council]] made up of the ruling Sheikhs of [[Abu Dhabi (emirate)|Abu Dhabi]], [[Emirate of Ajman|Ajman]], [[Emirate of Fujairah|Fujairah]], [[Sharjah (emirate)|Sharjah]], [[Emirate of Dubai|Dubai]], [[Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah|Ras Al Khaimah]], and [[Emirate of Umm Al Quwain|Umm Al Quwain]]. All responsibilities not granted to the federal government are reserved to the individual emirate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uaeinteract.com/government/political_system.asp#B|title=UAE Government: Political system|work=UAEinteract|access-date=12 February 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213062650/http://www.uaeinteract.com/government/political_system.asp#B|archive-date=13 February 2016}}</ref> A percentage{{Quantify|date=December 2023}} of revenues from each emirate is allocated to the UAE's central budget.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uaeinteract.com/government/political_system.asp |title=UAE Government: Political system |work=UAEinteract |access-date=12 February 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213062650/http://www.uaeinteract.com/government/political_system.asp |archive-date=13 February 2016 }}</ref>

The UAE uses the title [[Sheikh]] instead of [[Emir]] to refer to the rulers of individual emirates. The title is used due to the [[sheikhdom]]-styled governing system in adherence to the culture of [[tribes of Arabia]], where Sheikh means leader, elder, or the tribal chief of the clan who partakes in shared decision making with his followers. The [[President of the United Arab Emirates|president]] and [[Vice President of the United Arab Emirates|vice president]] are elected by the [[Federal Supreme Council]]. Usually, the Head of the [[House of Nahyan|Al Nahyan]] family, who are based in Abu Dhabi, holds the presidency and the Head of the [[House of Maktoum|Al Maktoum]] family, based in Dubai, the prime ministership. All prime ministers but one have served concurrently as vice president.
The federal government is composed of three branches:
* [[Legislature|Legislative]]: A [[unicameralism|unicameral]] [[Federal Supreme Council]] and the [[advisory board|advisory]] [[Federal National Council]] (FNC).
* [[Executive (government)|Executive]]: The [[President of UAE|President]], who is also [[commander-in-chief]] of the military, the [[List of Prime Ministers of the United Arab Emirates|prime minister]], and the [[Cabinet of the United Arab Emirates|Council of Ministers]].
* [[Judiciary|Judicial]]: The [[Federal Supreme Court of the United Arab Emirates|Supreme Court]] and lower federal courts.

[[File:Palacio Presidencial de los Emiratos, sede del Poder Ejecutivo Nacional..jpg|thumb|left|Entrance to [[Qasr Al Watan]], the presidential palace in Abu Dhabi.]]

The [[E-Government in the United Arab Emirates|UAE e-Government]] is the extension of the UAE federal government in its electronic form.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://government.ae/en/web/guest/service-channels|title=Service Channels – The UAE Government Official Portal|author=UAE federal eGovernment|access-date=8 September 2014|archive-date=27 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140827092351/http://government.ae/en/web/guest/service-channels|url-status=live}}</ref> The UAE's [[Cabinet of the United Arab Emirates|Council of Ministers]] ({{langx|ar|مجلس الوزراء}}) is the chief executive branch of the government presided over by the prime minister. The prime minister, who is appointed by the [[Federal Supreme Council]], appoints the ministers. The Council of Ministers is made up of 22 members and manages all internal and foreign affairs of the federation under its constitutional and federal law.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uaecabinet.ae/source/PMO%20Moca%20Manual%202010.pdf|title=دليل أعمال نظام مجلس الوزراء|publisher=United Arab Emirates Cabinet|date=January 2010|access-date=11 April 2019|archive-date=12 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412150241/https://www.uaecabinet.ae/source/PMO%20Moca%20Manual%202010.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2019,<ref>{{cite web |title=Monthly ranking of women in national parliaments |url=https://data.ipu.org/women-ranking?month=12&year=2019 |website=ipu.org |publisher=Inter-Parliamentary Union |access-date=19 February 2022 |location=Switzerland |archive-date=19 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219203648/https://data.ipu.org/women-ranking?month=12&year=2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> the UAE became the only Arab country, and one of only five countries in the world, to attain [[gender parity]] in a national legislative body, with its lower house being 50 percent women.<ref>{{cite web |title=Monthly ranking of women in national parliaments |url=https://data.ipu.org/women-ranking?month=1&year=2022 |website=ipu.org |publisher=Inter-Parliamentary Union |access-date=19 February 2022 |location=Switzerland |archive-date=19 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219025029/https://data.ipu.org/women-ranking?month=1&year=2022 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Proportion of women parliamentarians worldwide reaches 'all-time high' |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2021/03/1086582 |website=UN.org |publisher=United Nations |access-date=19 February 2022 |date=5 March 2021 |archive-date=19 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219210314/https://news.un.org/en/story/2021/03/1086582 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The UAE is the only country in the world that has a [[Ministry of Tolerance]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://wam.ae/en/details/1395302752575|title=UAE's tolerance model has 'potential to become a global movement for good': Sheikh Nahyan|publisher=Emirates News Agency|date=4 February 2019|access-date=11 April 2019|archive-date=11 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411010142/http://wam.ae/en/details/1395302752575|url-status=live}}</ref> a [[Ministry of Happiness]],<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://fortune.com/2016/02/10/uae-minister-happiness/|title=This Country Just Appointed a Minister Of Happiness|magazine=Fortune.com|date=10 February 2016|access-date=11 April 2019|archive-date=11 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411010141/http://fortune.com/2016/02/10/uae-minister-happiness/|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Ministry of Artificial Intelligence.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://futurism.com/uae-minister-artificial-intelligence|title=An Inside Look at the First Nation With a State Minister for Artificial Intelligence|publisher=Futurism.com|date=11 December 2017|access-date=11 April 2019|archive-date=11 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411010141/https://futurism.com/uae-minister-artificial-intelligence|url-status=live}}</ref> The UAE also has a virtual ministry called the Ministry of Possibilities, designed to find solutions to challenges and improve quality of life.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/the-uae-government/ministry-of-possibilities|title=Ministry of Possibilities|publisher=U.AE|date=24 September 2019|access-date=28 March 2024|archive-date=8 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208032123/https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/the-uae-government/ministry-of-possibilities|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://uaecabinet.ae/en/details/news/mohammed-bin-rashid-launches-ministry-of-possibilities-to-develop-radical-solutions-for-governments-key-challenges|title=Mohammed bin Rashid Launches 'Ministry of Possibilities' to Develop Radical Solutions for Government's Key Challenges|publisher=UAE Cabinet|date=2020|access-date=28 March 2024|archive-date=27 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727143056/https://uaecabinet.ae/en/details/news/mohammed-bin-rashid-launches-ministry-of-possibilities-to-develop-radical-solutions-for-governments-key-challenges|url-status=live}}</ref> The UAE also has a [[National Youth Council]], which is represented in the UAE cabinet by the Minister of Youth.<ref>{{cite web|title = Women shining in new UAE Cabinet – Khaleej Times|url = http://www.khaleejtimes.com/nation/government/shaikh-mohammed-to-announce-new-cabinet-today|website = www.khaleejtimes.com|access-date = 11 February 2016|archive-date = 11 February 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160211095401/http://www.khaleejtimes.com/nation/government/shaikh-mohammed-to-announce-new-cabinet-today|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://uaecabinet.ae/en/details/news/why-ministers-for-happiness-tolerance-youth-and-the-future|title=Why Ministries for Happiness, Tolerance, Youth and the Future?|publisher=United Arab Emirates Cabinet|access-date=11 April 2019|archive-date=11 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411010145/https://uaecabinet.ae/en/details/news/why-ministers-for-happiness-tolerance-youth-and-the-future|url-status=live}}</ref>

The UAE legislative body is the [[Federal National Council]] which convenes nationwide elections every four years. The FNC consists of 40 members drawn from all the emirates. Each emirate is allocated specific seats to ensure full representation. Half are appointed by the rulers of the constituent emirates, and the other half are elected by a small percentage of Emirati citizens, currently 33%, hand-picked by the rulers of each emirate.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 July 2023 |title=Federal National Council elections to take place on October 7 |language=en |website=The National |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/government/2023/07/10/federal-national-council-elections-to-take-place-on-october-7/}}</ref> By law, the council members have to be equally divided between males and females. The FNC is restricted to a largely [[:wikt:consultation|consultative]] role.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/the-uae-government/the-federal-national-council-|title=The Federal National Council|publisher=U.AE|date=3 February 2020|access-date=28 March 2024|archive-date=22 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922121108/https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/the-uae-government/the-federal-national-council-|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.government.ae/gov/en/gov/federal/politics.jsp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051027123241/http://www.government.ae/gov/en/gov/federal/politics.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 October 2005 |title=UAE Federal e-Government Portal |publisher=Government.ae }}</ref><ref>[https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/government/sheikh-khalifa-uae-s-federal-national-council-to-be-50-per-cent-women-1.800357 Sheikh Khalifa: UAE's Federal National Council to be 50 per cent women] The National, 8 December 2018</ref>

The UAE is an authoritarian [[federal monarchy]].<ref name=":22">{{Cite journal |last=Herb |first=Michael |date=2009 |title=A Nation of Bureaucrats: Political Participation and Economic Diversification in Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-middle-east-studies/article/abs/nation-of-bureaucrats-political-participation-and-economic-diversification-in-kuwait-and-the-united-arab-emirates/E3527822940D0E8A2BCD98A320002C3E |url-status=live |journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies |language=en |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=375–395 |doi=10.1017/S0020743809091119 |issn=1471-6380 |s2cid=154366494 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526174658/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-middle-east-studies/article/abs/nation-of-bureaucrats-political-participation-and-economic-diversification-in-kuwait-and-the-united-arab-emirates/E3527822940D0E8A2BCD98A320002C3E |archive-date=26 May 2021 |access-date=28 March 2024|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Ledstrup |first=Martin |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-91653-8 |title=Nationalism and Nationhood in the United Arab Emirates |date=2019 |publisher=Palgrave |isbn=978-3-319-91652-1 |page=10 |language=en-gb |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-91653-8 |access-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526133319/https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-91653-8 |archive-date=26 May 2021 |url-status=live |s2cid=158959849}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{cite web |date=14 November 2018 |title=Hypocrisy of Dubai's World Tolerance Summit |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/11/14/hypocrisy-dubais-world-tolerance-summit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418003418/https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/11/14/hypocrisy-dubais-world-tolerance-summit |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=6 April 2021 |website=Human Rights Watch |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{cite news |date=30 January 2021 |title=United Arab Emirates says it will offer citizenship to some |url=https://apnews.com/article/dubai-united-arab-emirates-abu-dhabi-coronavirus-pandemic-mohammed-bin-rashid-al-maktoum-708c588985bad97230b458b435cbfbc2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429135542/https://apnews.com/article/dubai-united-arab-emirates-abu-dhabi-coronavirus-pandemic-mohammed-bin-rashid-al-maktoum-708c588985bad97230b458b435cbfbc2 |archive-date=29 April 2021 |access-date=6 April 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Mazzetti|first1=Mark |last2=Hager|first2=Emily B. |date=14 May 2011 |title=Secret Desert Force Set Up by Blackwater's Founder |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/15/world/middleeast/15prince.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1& |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404064810/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/15/world/middleeast/15prince.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1& |archive-date=4 April 2023 |access-date=28 March 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |quote=The United Arab Emirates – an autocracy with the sheen of a progressive, modern state – are closely allied with the United States, and American officials indicated that the battalion program had some support in Washington.}}</ref> The UAE has been described as a "tribal autocracy" where the seven constituent monarchies are led by tribal rulers in an autocratic fashion.<ref name=":12">{{Cite book |last=Krane |first=Jim |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mJWrVWZuUJEC |title=City of Gold: Dubai and the Dream of Capitalism |date=15 September 2009 |publisher=St. Martin's Publishing Group |isbn=978-1-4299-1899-2 |page=10 |language=en |access-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219202257/https://books.google.com/books?id=mJWrVWZuUJEC |archive-date=19 February 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> There are no democratically elected institutions, and there is no formal commitment to free speech.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Stack |first=Liam |date=30 April 2017 |title=Dubai Introduces Its Own Font, Lauding Free Expression It Does Not Permit |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/30/world/middleeast/dubai-introduces-its-own-font-lauding-free-expression-it-does-not-permit.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525033202/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/30/world/middleeast/dubai-introduces-its-own-font-lauding-free-expression-it-does-not-permit.html |archive-date=25 May 2021 |access-date=25 May 2021 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> According to human rights organizations, there are systematic human rights violations, including the torture and forced disappearance of government critics.<ref name=":3" /> The UAE ranks poorly in [[freedom indices]] measuring [[civil liberties]] and [[political rights]]. The UAE has consistently ranked poorly across a number of freedom indices, including being ranked as "Not Free" in [[Freedom House]]'s annual ''[[Freedom in the World]]'' report from 1999 to present day,<ref name=":14" /> ranks poorly in the annual [[Reporters without Borders]]' [[Press Freedom Index]], [[International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance|International IDEA]]'s Global State of Democracy (GSoD) Indices, the Democracy Tracker, and the [[Bertelsmann Transformation Index]] - which describes the UAE as a "moderate monarchy". The country was ranked 91 out of 137 states and is far below the average scoring for development towards a democracy, and is the third least democratic country in the Middle East.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BTI 2022: United Arab Emirates |url=https://bti-project.org/en/reports/country-dashboard?isocode=ARE&cHash=98c3237aa3b3bd62d4a082e9b709a514 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404121251/https://bti-project.org/en/reports/country-dashboard?isocode=ARE&cHash=98c3237aa3b3bd62d4a082e9b709a514 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023 |website=BTI 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="vdem_dataset">{{cite web |last=V-Dem Institute |date=2023 |title=The V-Dem Dataset |url=https://www.v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208183458/https://www.v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ |archive-date=8 December 2022 |access-date=14 October 2023}}</ref> The country, by all measurements is not democratic, with particular weaknesses in political representation, including inclusive suffrage and credible elections.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United Arab Emirates {{!}} The Global State of Democracy |url=https://www.idea.int/democracytracker/country/united-arab-emirates |access-date=29 September 2025 |website=www.idea.int |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Global State of Democracy Indices {{!}} The Global State of Democracy |url=https://www.idea.int/democracytracker/gsod-indices |access-date=29 September 2025 |website=www.idea.int}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Home {{!}} The Global State of Democracy |url=https://www.idea.int/democracytracker/ |access-date=29 September 2025 |website=www.idea.int}}</ref>

=== Administrative divisions ===
{{See also|Politics of the United Arab Emirates|List of cities in the United Arab Emirates|Emirates of the United Arab Emirates}}
{{UAE midsize imagemap with emirate names}}

The United Arab Emirates comprises seven emirates. The [[Emirate of Dubai]] is the most populous emirate with 35.6% of the UAE population. The [[Emirate of Abu Dhabi]] has 31.2%, meaning that over two-thirds of the UAE population lives in either Abu Dhabi or Dubai.

Abu Dhabi has an area of {{convert|67340|km2|0|abbr=off}}, which is 86.7% of the country's total area, excluding the islands. It has a coastline extending for more than {{convert|400|km|-1|abbr=on}} and is divided for administrative purposes into three major regions. The Emirate of Dubai extends along the Persian Gulf coast of the UAE for approximately {{convert|72|km|0|abbr=on}}. Dubai has an area of {{convert|3885|km2|0|abbr=off}}, which is equivalent to 5% of the country's total area, excluding the islands. The Emirate of Sharjah extends along approximately {{convert|16|km|0|abbr=on}} of the UAE's Persian Gulf coastline and for more than {{convert|80|km|0|abbr=on}} into the interior. The northern emirates which include Fujairah, Ajman, Ras al-Khaimah, and [[Umm al-Quwain|Umm al-Qaiwain]] all have a total area of {{convert|3881|km2|0|abbr=off}}. There are two areas under joint control. One is jointly controlled by Oman and Ajman, the other by Fujairah and Sharjah.

There is an Omani [[enclave and exclave|exclave]] surrounded by UAE territory, known as [[Madha|Wadi Madha]]. It is located halfway between the [[Musandam Governorate|Musandam]] peninsula and the rest of Oman in the Emirate of [[Sharjah]]. It covers approximately {{convert|75|km2|0|abbr=off}} and the boundary was settled in 1969. The north-east corner of Madha is closest to the Khor Fakkan-Fujairah road, barely {{convert|10|m|ft|abbr=off}} away. Within the Omani exclave of Madha, is a UAE exclave called [[Nahwa]], also belonging to the Emirate of Sharjah. It is about {{convert|8|km|mi|spell=in|abbr=off}} on a dirt track west of the town of New Madha. It consists of about forty houses with its own clinic and telephone exchange.

=== Foreign relations ===
{{Main|Foreign relations of the United Arab Emirates}}

[[File:President Trump and The First Lady Participate in an Abraham Accords Signing Ceremony (50346677397).jpg|thumb|Emirati Minister of Foreign Affairs [[Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan]] (furthest right) at the signing of the [[Abraham Accords]]]]

The United Arab Emirates has broad diplomatic and commercial relations with most countries and members of the [[United Nations]], despite significant human rights abuses. It plays a significant role in [[OPEC]], and is one of the founding members of the [[Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf|Gulf Cooperation Council]] (GCC). The UAE is a member of the [[United Nations]] and several of its specialised agencies ([[ICAO]], [[International Labour Organization|ILO]], [[UPU]], [[World Health Organization|WHO]], [[WIPO]]), as well as the [[World Bank]], [[International Monetary Fund|IMF]], [[Arab League]], [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]] (OIC), and the [[Non-Aligned Movement]]. Also, it is an observer in the [[Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie]]. Most countries have diplomatic missions in the capital [[Abu Dhabi]] with most consulates being in UAE's largest city, [[Dubai]].

Emirati foreign relations are motivated to a large extent by identity and relationship to the [[Arab world]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sciencespo.fr/kuwait-program/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Shahrour-Karam-The-evolution-of-Emirati-foreign-policy-1971-2020.pdf|title=The evolution of Emirati foreign policy (1971–2020): The unexpected rise of a small state with boundless ambitions|publisher=SciencesPo|date=2020|access-date=28 March 2024|archive-date=27 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127095009/https://www.sciencespo.fr/kuwait-program/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Shahrour-Karam-The-evolution-of-Emirati-foreign-policy-1971-2020.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> The United Arab Emirates has strong ties with Bahrain,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://saudigazette.com.sa/article/609429/World/Mena/King-Hamad-hails-strong-Bahrain-UAE-ties-in-meeting-with-Abu-Dhabi-crown-prince|title=King Hamad hails strong Bahrain-UAE ties in meeting with Abu Dhabi crown prince|publisher=Saudi Gazette|date=3 August 2021|access-date=28 March 2024|archive-date=26 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926055700/https://saudigazette.com.sa/article/609429/World/Mena/King-Hamad-hails-strong-Bahrain-UAE-ties-in-meeting-with-Abu-Dhabi-crown-prince|url-status=live}}</ref> China,<ref>{{cite news |title=Strong bilateral relations serve the strategic interests of both China and the UAE |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/opinion/comment/strong-bilateral-relations-serve-the-strategic-interests-of-both-china-and-the-uae-1.749584 |work=The National |access-date=13 July 2018 |archive-date=30 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130122411/https://www.thenational.ae/opinion/comment/strong-bilateral-relations-serve-the-strategic-interests-of-both-china-and-the-uae-1.749584 |url-status=live }}</ref> Egypt, India,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mei.edu/publications/india-uae-relations-poised-climb-new-heights|title=India-UAE Relations: Poised to Climb to New Heights|publisher=Middle East Institute|date=23 March 2021|access-date=28 March 2024|archive-date=27 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231227092123/https://mei.edu/publications/india-uae-relations-poised-climb-new-heights|url-status=live}}</ref> Jordan,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/jordan-uae-ties-%E2%80%98strong-guarantor%E2%80%99-security-peace-%E2%80%94-ambassador|title=Jordan-UAE ties a 'strong guarantor' for security, peace — ambassador|work=Jordan Times |publisher=The Jordan Times|date=12 April 2021|access-date=28 March 2024|archive-date=28 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528224306/https://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/jordan-uae-ties-%E2%80%98strong-guarantor%E2%80%99-security-peace-%E2%80%94-ambassador|url-status=live}}</ref> Pakistan,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2276704/uae-fm-terms-ties-with-pakistan-unique-case-in-arab-asian-relations|title=UAE FM terms ties with Pakistan "unique case in Arab-Asian relations"|publisher=Tribune|date=20 December 2020|access-date=28 March 2024|archive-date=29 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329092559/https://tribune.com.pk/story/2276704/uae-fm-terms-ties-with-pakistan-unique-case-in-arab-asian-relations|url-status=live}}</ref> Russia,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://responsiblestatecraft.org/2020/01/24/why-the-relationship-between-russia-and-the-united-arab-emirates-is-strengthening/|title=Why the Relationship Between Russia and the United Arab Emirates is Strengthening|publisher=Responsible Statecraft|date=24 January 2020|access-date=28 March 2024|archive-date=29 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329092601/https://responsiblestatecraft.org/2020/01/24/why-the-relationship-between-russia-and-the-united-arab-emirates-is-strengthening/|url-status=live}}</ref> Saudi Arabia, and the United States.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.arabianbusiness.com/politics-economics/463351-us-states-playing-critical-role-in-widening-uae-bilateral-ties|title=US states play 'critical' role in widening bilateral ties with the UAE|newspaper=Arabian Business|date=16 May 2021|access-date=28 March 2024|archive-date=30 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230082314/https://www.arabianbusiness.com/politics-economics/463351-us-states-playing-critical-role-in-widening-uae-bilateral-ties|url-status=live}}</ref>

Following the British withdrawal from the UAE in 1971 and the establishment of the UAE as a state, the UAE disputed rights to three islands in the Persian Gulf against Iran, namely [[Abu Musa]], [[Greater Tunb]], and [[Lesser Tunb]]. The UAE tried to bring the matter to the [[International Court of Justice]], but Iran dismissed the notion.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hiik.de/konfliktbarometer/pdf/Konfliktbarometer_2001.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080229133058/http://www.hiik.de/konfliktbarometer/pdf/Konfliktbarometer_2001.pdf |archive-date=29 February 2008 |title=Konfliktbarometer 2001 |url-status=dead |access-date=1 June 2016}}. Heidelberger Institut für Internationale Konfliktforschung</ref> Pakistan was the first country to formally recognise the UAE upon its formation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pakobserver.net/200811/26/Editorial01.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090626001001/http://pakobserver.net/200811/26/Editorial01.asp |archive-date=26 June 2009 |title=Relations with UAE get wider, deeper|work=Pakistan Observer |date=26 November 2008 }}</ref> The UAE alongside multiple [[Middle Eastern countries|Middle Eastern]] and [[African countries|African]] countries cut diplomatic ties with [[Qatar]] in June 2017 due to allegations of [[Qatar and state-sponsored terrorism|Qatar being a state sponsor of terrorism]], resulting in the [[Qatar diplomatic crisis]]. Ties were restored in January 2021.<ref>{{cite web|title=UAE to restore Qatar trade and travel links 'within a week' after row ends|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-55579014|publisher=BBC|date=7 January 2021|access-date=28 March 2024|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824022154/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-55579014|url-status=live}}</ref> The UAE recognised Israel in August 2020, reaching a historic [[Israel–United Arab Emirates peace agreement]] and leading towards full normalisation of relations between the two countries.<ref name="BBC859" /><ref>{{Cite news|date=13 August 2020|title=With President Trump's help, Israel and the United Arab Emirates reach historic deal to normalize relations|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-emirates-trump-idUSKCN25926W|access-date=13 August 2020|archive-date=13 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813221727/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-emirates-trump-idUSKCN25926W/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Toi Staff |title=Full text of the Abraham Accords signed by Israel, the UAE and Bahrain |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/full-text-of-the-abraham-accords-signed-by-israel-the-uae-and-bahrain/ |access-date=10 October 2020 |publisher=The Times of Israel |date=16 September 2020 |archive-date=13 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013235112/https://www.timesofisrael.com/full-text-of-the-abraham-accords-signed-by-israel-the-uae-and-bahrain/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:16th BRICS Summit family photograph (2024).jpg|thumb|UAE President [[Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan|Mohamed bin Zayed]] at the [[16th BRICS summit]] in October 2024]]Gulf Arab states, including the United Arab Emirates, showed interest in engaging with the [[Syrian transitional government]] to promote political transition and address regional concerns following the [[fall of the Assad regime]]. Additionally, the UAE leadership see the change in Syria as an opportunity to undermine Iranian influence in the Levant. The hope is to help push Iran out of Syria and cut its pathways between Iraq and Lebanon.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tasinato |first=Emily |date=3 February 2025 |title=All change: How Europeans and Gulf Arab states can promote Syria's political transition |url=https://ecfr.eu/article/all-change-how-europeans-and-gulf-arab-states-can-promote-syrias-political-transition/ |access-date=5 February 2025 |website=ECFR |language=en-GB |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250208174009/https://ecfr.eu/article/all-change-how-europeans-and-gulf-arab-states-can-promote-syrias-political-transition/ |archive-date= 8 February 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Mary Kate |date=2 January 2025 |title=The Gulf in 2025: Expert Outlook |url=https://gulfif.org/the-gulf-in-2025-expert-outlook/ |access-date=5 February 2025 |website=Gulf International Forum |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Gulf Shifts Policies in Response to the "New" Syria |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2025/01/the-gulf-shifts-policies-in-response-to-the-new-syria?lang=en |access-date=5 February 2025 |website=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace |language=en}}</ref>

The UAE is the primary supporter of the rebel [[Rapid Support Forces|Rapid Support Forces (RSF)]] in the ongoing [[Sudanese civil war (2023–present)|Sudanese Civil War]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kottasová |first=Ivana |date=7 November 2025 |title=Sudan's bloody conflict is plagued by foreign influence – here is what we know |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/11/07/africa/sudan-conflict-foreign-influence-intl-cmd |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> In 2025, multiple reports exposed the UAE for supplying the RSF with weapons, in violation of international sanctions, and used to commit [[Masalit genocide|genocide]] in the region.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Wallis |first1=William |last2=Cornish |first2=Chloe |title=Sudan civil war atrocities cast spotlight on UAE |url=https://www.ft.com/content/e88e0973-3218-4ce6-a73e-20961c71c33b |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=www.ft.com |publisher=[[The Financial Times]]}}</ref> On 6 March 2025, Sudan filed a case against the UAE at the [[International Court of Justice]], accusing the UAE of complicity in [[Darfur genocide (2023–present)|genocide]] by supporting the RSF, which are alleged to have committed atrocities against the [[Masalit people|Masalit]] people in [[Darfur]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 March 2025 |title=Sudan files case to UN court alleging UAE is breaching genocide convention by funding rebels |url=https://apnews.com/article/sudan-war-icj-uae-8b27cb3b8e4fef5b05a6b45084c967c7 |access-date=13 March 2025 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> In late 2025, the fall of [[El Fasher]] to the RSF led to [[El Fasher massacre|widespread massacres]] and intensified global scrutiny of the UAE for its role in supporting the paramilitary group.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wintour |first=Patrick |date=4 November 2025 |title=As criticism grows, is UAE ready to walk away from Sudan’s RSF militia? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/nov/04/sudan-rsf-militia-uae-united-arab-emirates |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=28 November 2025}}</ref>

Joining [[Chris Van Hollen|US Senator Chris Van Hollen]], United States Congress has pushed for an [[Export control|export ban]] of weapons to the UAE.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Zengerle |first=Patricia |date=21 November 2024 |title=US lawmakers seek to halt weapons sales to UAE, citing Sudan |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us-lawmakers-seek-halt-weapons-sales-uae-citing-sudan-2024-11-21/ |access-date=12 November 2025 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> As of November 2025, the bill remained in Congress.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CAIR Action Alert: Urge Senate to Support Sen. Van Hollen's Bill Halting Arms Sales to UAE Amid RSF Genocide in Sudan |date=30 October 2025 |url=https://www.cair.com/action_alerts/cair-action-alert-urge-senate-to-support-sen-van-hollens-bill-halting-arms-sales-to-uae-amid-rsf-genocide-in-sudan/ |access-date=12 November 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Military ===
{{Main|United Arab Emirates Armed Forces}}

{{Multiple image
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| caption_align = center
| image1 = Baynunah-class corvette Al Dhafra P-173 at NAVDEX.JPG
| caption1 = [[Baynunah-class corvette|''Baynunah''-class corvette]] of the [[United Arab Emirates Navy]]
| image2 = F-16e block60.jpg
| caption2 = [[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon variants#F-16E/F Block 60|F-16 Desert Falcon]] of the [[United Arab Emirates Air Force]]
}}

The armed forces of the United Arab Emirates consist of 44,000 active personnel in the [[United Arab Emirates Army|Army]], 2,500 personnel and 46 ships in the [[United Arab Emirates Navy|Navy]], 4,500 personnel and 386 aircraft in the [[United Arab Emirates Air Force|Air Force]], and 12,000 personnel in the [[United Arab Emirates Presidential Guard|Presidential Guard]]. In 2022 the country spent US$20.4 billion on defense, which is 4% of its GDP. The UAE is considered to have the most capable military among the Gulf states.<ref name="iiss2023">{{Cite book |author=IISS |author-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies |date=2023 |title=The Military Balance 2023 |publisher=International Institute for Strategic Studies |pages=351–354 }}</ref><ref name="WorldFactbook" />

Although initially small in number, the UAE armed forces have grown significantly over the years and are presently equipped with some of the most modern weapon systems, purchased from a variety of western military advanced countries, mainly France, the US, and the UK. Most officers are graduates of the United Kingdom's [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst|Royal Military Academy]] at [[Sandhurst, Berkshire|Sandhurst]], with others having attended the [[United States Military Academy]] at [[West Point, New York|West Point]], the [[Royal Military College, Duntroon]] in Australia, and [[École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr|St Cyr]], the military academy of France. France and the United States have played the most strategically significant roles with defence cooperation agreements and military material provision.<ref>{{cite news|title=UAE confirms discussions with France on purchase of Rafale aircraft|url=http://www.wam.org.ae/servlet/Satellite?c=WamLocEnews&cid=1200074664706&p=1135099400124&pagename=WAM%2FWamLocEnews%2FW-T-LEN-FullNews|agency=Emirates News Agency|date=5 June 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509014605/http://www.wam.org.ae/servlet/Satellite?c=WamLocEnews&cid=1200074664706&p=1135099400124&pagename=WAM%2FWamLocEnews%2FW-T-LEN-FullNews|archive-date=9 May 2013}}</ref>

Some of the UAE military deployments include an infantry battalion to the United Nations [[UNOSOM II]] force in [[Somalia]] in 1993, the 35th Mechanised Infantry Battalion to [[Kosovo]], a regiment to Kuwait during the [[Iraq War]], [[demining]] operations in [[Lebanon]], [[Operation Enduring Freedom]] in [[Afghanistan]], [[2011 military intervention in Libya|American-led intervention in Libya]], [[American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War|American-led intervention in Syria]], and the [[Saudi-led intervention in Yemen]]. The active and effective military role, despite its small active personnel, has led the UAE military to be nicknamed as "Little Sparta" by [[United States Armed Forces]] Generals and former US defense secretary [[James Mattis]].<ref>{{cite news|title=In the UAE, the United States has a quiet, potent ally nicknamed 'Little Sparta'|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/in-the-uae-the-united-states-has-a-quiet-potent-ally-nicknamed-little-sparta/2014/11/08/3fc6a50c-643a-11e4-836c-83bc4f26eb67_story.html|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=15 September 2018|archive-date=18 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818041917/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/in-the-uae-the-united-states-has-a-quiet-potent-ally-nicknamed-little-sparta/2014/11/08/3fc6a50c-643a-11e4-836c-83bc4f26eb67_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The UAE intervened in the [[Libyan Civil War (2014–present)|Libyan Civil War]] in support of General [[Khalifa Haftar]]'s [[Libyan National Army]] in its conflict with the internationally recognised [[Government of National Accord]] (GNA).<ref>{{cite news |title=UAE and Egypt behind bombing raids against Libyan militias, say US officials |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/26/united-arab-emirates-bombing-raids-libyan-militias |work=The Guardian |date=26 August 2014 |access-date=28 March 2024 |archive-date=17 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117223306/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/26/united-arab-emirates-bombing-raids-libyan-militias |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Libya migrant attack: UN investigators suspect foreign jet bombed centre |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50302602 |work=BBC News |date=6 November 2019 |access-date=28 March 2024 |archive-date=4 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304005920/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50302602 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=UAE implicated in lethal drone strike in Libya |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53917791 |work=BBC News |date=27 August 2020 |access-date=29 August 2020 |archive-date=11 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201211090852/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53917791 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Examples of the military assets deployed include the enforcement of the [[Operation Odyssey Dawn|no-fly-zone over Libya]] by sending six [[UAEAF]] [[F-16]] and six [[Dassault Mirage 2000|Mirage 2000]] [[Multirole combat aircraft|multi-role fighter aircraft]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12806112|title=Libya no-fly zone: Coalition firepower|newspaper=BBC News|access-date=25 December 2014|date=21 October 2011|archive-date=9 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209222012/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12806112|url-status=live}}</ref> ground troop deployment in Afghanistan,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/europe/nato-officially-initiates-uae-into-afghan-mission-1.749833|title=Nato officially initiates UAE into Afghan mission|author=The National|date=12 July 2018|access-date=11 April 2019|archive-date=11 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411030210/https://www.thenational.ae/world/europe/nato-officially-initiates-uae-into-afghan-mission-1.749833|url-status=live}}</ref> 30 UAEAF F-16s and ground troops deployment in Southern Yemen,<ref name="repel">{{cite news|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2015/03/26/GCC-states-to-repel-Houthi-aggression-in-Yemen-statement-.html|publisher=Al Arabiya|title=Saudi warplanes bomb Houthi positions in Yemen|date=25 March 2015|access-date=25 March 2015|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402125058/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2015/03/26/GCC-states-to-repel-Houthi-aggression-in-Yemen-statement-.html |archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref> and helping the US launch its first airstrikes against [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|ISIL]] targets in Syria.<ref>{{cite news|title=US launches air strikes against Isil in Syria|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/11114991/US-launches-air-strikes-against-Isil-in-Syria-live.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/11114991/US-launches-air-strikes-against-Isil-in-Syria-live.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|work=The Telegraph|date=24 September 2014|last1=Winch|first1=Jessica}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

The UAE has begun production of a greater amount of military equipment, in a bid to reduce foreign dependence and help with national industrialisation. Example of national military development include the Abu Dhabi Shipbuilding company (ADSB), which produces a range of ships and is a prime contractor in the [[Baynunah-class corvette|Baynunah Programme]], a programme to design, develop, and produce corvettes customised for operation in the shallow waters of the [[Persian Gulf]]. The UAE is also producing weapons and ammunition through [[Caracal International]], military transport vehicles through [[NIMR (vehicle manufacturer)|Nimr LLC]], and unmanned aerial vehicles collectively through [[Emirates Defence Industries Company]]. The UAE operates the [[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon]] F-16E Block 60 unique variant unofficially called "[[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon variants#F-16E/F Block 60|Desert Falcon]]", developed by [[General Dynamics]] in collaboration with the UAE and specifically for the [[United Arab Emirates Air Force]].<ref name=fg1>{{cite web |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2007/11/11/219363/dubai-2007-uae-shows-off-its-most-advanced-falcons.html |title=Dubai 2007: UAE shows off its most advanced Falcons |website=[[Flightglobal]] |date=11 November 2007 |access-date=11 April 2019 |archive-date=2 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090402230254/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2007/11/11/219363/dubai-2007-uae-shows-off-its-most-advanced-falcons.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[United Arab Emirates Army]] operates a customised [[Leclerc tank]] and is the only other operator of the tank aside from the French Army.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/one-tough-tank-why-frances-leclerc-one-best-planet-44577|title=One Tough Tank: Why France's Leclerc Is One of the Best on the Planet|publisher=nationalinterest.org|date=19 February 2019|access-date=11 April 2019|archive-date=11 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411035552/https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/one-tough-tank-why-frances-leclerc-one-best-planet-44577|url-status=live}}</ref> The largest defence exhibition and conference in the Middle East, [[International Defence Exhibition]], takes place biennially in Abu Dhabi.

The UAE introduced a [[Mandatory National Service in United Arab Emirates|mandatory military service]] for adult males, since 2014, for 16 months to expand its reserve force.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-emirates-military/uae-extends-compulsory-military-service-to-16-months-idUSKBN1JY093|title=UAE extends compulsory military service to 16 months|work=Reuters|date=8 July 2018|access-date=11 April 2019|archive-date=29 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329100921/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-emirates-military/uae-extends-compulsory-military-service-to-16-months-idUSKBN1JY093|url-status=live}}</ref> The highest loss of life in the history of UAE military occurred on Friday 4 September 2015, in which 52 soldiers were killed in [[Ma'rib|Marib]] area of central Yemen by a [[OTR-21 Tochka|Tochka]] missile which targeted a weapons cache and caused a large explosion.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|title = UAE, Bahrain say 50 soldiers killed in Yemen attack|url = http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-yemen-security-idUKKCN0R40V120150904|access-date = 17 September 2015|newspaper = Reuters|date = 4 September 2015|archive-date = 26 January 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160126010335/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-yemen-security-idUKKCN0R40V120150904|url-status = dead}}</ref>

=== Law ===
{{Main|Legal system of the United Arab Emirates|Crime in the United Arab Emirates}}

{{See also|LGBT rights in the United Arab Emirates}}
[[File:Police helicopter at sunset (Unsplash).jpg|thumb|[[Dubai Police]] helicopter flying at sunset]]

The United Arab Emirates has a federal court system, and the emirates of [[Emirate of Abu Dhabi|Abu Dhabi]], [[Emirate of Dubai|Dubai]], and [[Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah|Ras Al Khaimah]] also have local court systems. The UAE's judicial system is derived from the [[civil law system]] and [[Sharia]] law. The court system consists of civil courts and Sharia courts. Sharia courts have exclusive jurisdiction in Muslim family law matters, while civil courts deal with all other legal matters.<ref name=":7" /> Since September 2020, corporal punishment is no longer a legal form of punishment under UAE federal law. Under the decree, legal forms of punishment are retribution and blood money payments, capital punishment, life imprisonment, temporary imprisonment, indefinite detention, and fines.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=Federal Decree Law No. (15) of 2020 |url=https://www.moj.gov.ae/assets/2021/Federal%20Decree%20Law%20No.%20(15)%20of%202020%20Concerning%20the%20Penal%20Code.pdf.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531203636/https://www.moj.gov.ae/assets/2021/Federal%20Decree%20Law%20No.%20(15)%20of%202020%20Concerning%20the%20Penal%20Code.pdf.aspx |archive-date=31 May 2023 |access-date=8 June 2023 |website=Ministry of Justice |at=Pages 1, Article 1 "The provisions of the Islamic Shari'a shall apply to the retribution and blood money crimes. Other crimes and their respective punishments shall be provided for in accordance with the provisions of this Law and other applicable penal codes". |publication-date=27 September 2020}}</ref> Article 1 of the Federal Penal Code was amended in 2020 to state that Islamic Law applies only to retribution and blood money punishments; previously the article stated that "provisions of the [[Islamic Law]] shall apply to the crimes of doctrinal punishment, punitive punishment and blood money."<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Federal Law No (3) of 1987 on Issuance of the Penal Code |url=https://www.unodc.org/tldb/showDocument.do?documentUid=6385&country=UAE |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525044622/https://www.unodc.org/tldb/showDocument.do?documentUid=6385&country=UAE |archive-date=25 May 2013 |work=United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime}}</ref> Before 2020, [[flogging]], [[stoning]], [[amputation]], and [[crucifixion]] were technically legal punishments for criminal offences such as [[adultery]], [[premarital sex]], and drug or alcohol use.<ref name="usdep">{{cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2013/nea/220380.htm|title=2013 Human Rights Reports: United Arab Emirates|work=[[US Department of State]]|quote=Sharia (Islamic law) courts, which adjudicate criminal and family law, have the option of imposing flogging as punishment for adultery, [[prostitution]], consensual premarital sex, pregnancy outside marriage, defamation of character, and drug or alcohol abuse.|access-date=21 May 2019|archive-date=19 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200419095257/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2013/nea/220380.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.humanrightsvoices.org/EYEontheUN/un_101/figures/?p=2484|title=U.N. Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice: United Arab Emirates|work=Human Rights Voices|access-date=12 February 2016|archive-date=11 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111230016/http://www.humanrightsvoices.org/EYEontheUN/un_101/figures/?p=2484|url-status=dead}}</ref> In recent history, the UAE has declared its intention to move towards a more tolerant legal code, and to phase out corporal punishment altogether in favour of private punishment.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United Arab Emirates {{!}} Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children |date=3 November 2017 |url=https://endcorporalpunishment.org/reports-on-every-state-and-territory/united-arab-emirates/ |access-date=24 April 2022 |language=en-GB |archive-date=30 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630015349/https://endcorporalpunishment.org/reports-on-every-state-and-territory/united-arab-emirates/ |url-status=live }}</ref> With alcohol and cohabitation laws being loosened in advance of the [[Expo 2020|2020 World Expo]], Emirati laws have become increasingly acceptable to visitors from non-Muslim countries.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The United Arab Emirates relaxes laws on alcohol |url=https://drinksint.com/news/fullstory.php/aid/9215/The_United_Arab_Emirates_relaxes_laws_on_alcohol.html |access-date=25 April 2022 |website=Drinks International |date=9 November 2020 |first1=Oli |last1=Dodd |archive-date=25 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525070905/https://drinksint.com/news/fullstory.php/aid/9215/The_United_Arab_Emirates_relaxes_laws_on_alcohol.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Dubai Police at work (12385410394) (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|[[Dubai Police]] super-car motorcade at [[Jumeirah Road]]]]

Sharia courts have exclusive jurisdiction over Muslim family law matters such as marriage, divorce, child custody, and inheritance.<ref name="maleguardian">{{cite web |date=6 August 2014 |title=Divorcees, widows concerned about receiving 'permission' before remarrying |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/divorcees-widows-concerned-about-receiving-permission-before-remarrying-1.341200/ |first1=Shireena |last1=Al Nowais |work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]] |access-date=28 March 2024 |archive-date=29 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629144850/http://www.thenational.ae/uae/courts/divorcees-widows-concerned-about-receiving-permission-before-remarrying#ixzz3F1sb6IYa |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sebugwaawo |first=Ismail |title=New Abu Dhabi marriage law: How tourists and expats can tie the knot in four steps |date=10 February 2022 |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/legal/explainer-how-expats-tourists-can-get-married-under-abu-dhabis-new-family-law |access-date=8 June 2023 |website=Khaleej Times |language=en |archive-date=8 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608171832/https://www.khaleejtimes.com/legal/explainer-how-expats-tourists-can-get-married-under-abu-dhabis-new-family-law |url-status=live }}</ref> Muslim women must receive permission from a male guardian to marry and remarry. This requirement is derived from [[Sharia]] law and has been federal law since 2005.<ref name="maleguardian" /> It is illegal for Muslim women to marry non-Muslims and is punishable by law.<ref name="religiousfreedom">{{cite web |title=United Arab Emirates International Religious Freedom Report 2009 |url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2009/127360.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091031224349/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2009/127360.htm |archive-date=31 October 2009 |work=Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor |publisher=U.S. Department of State |date=26 October 2009 }}</ref> Non-Muslim expatriates were liable to Sharia rulings on marriage, divorce, child custody, and inheritance, however, federal law was changed to introduce non-Sharia personal status law for non-Muslims.<ref name="lia">{{cite web |url-status=live |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-28638553 |title=Britons 'liable to Sharia divorces' in UAE |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512043653/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-28638553 |archive-date=12 May 2021 |website=BBC |date=5 August 2014 |first1= Sheetal |last1=Parmar |access-date=26 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Husain |first=Zainab |date=27 December 2022 |title=New UAE law for non-Muslims – 5 criteria for civil marriage |url=https://gulfnews.com/living-in-uae/ask-us/new-uae-law-for-non-muslims--5-criteria-for-civil-marriage-1.1672143291028 |access-date=8 June 2023 |website=Gulf News |language=en |archive-date=8 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608171827/https://gulfnews.com/living-in-uae/ask-us/new-uae-law-for-non-muslims--5-criteria-for-civil-marriage-1.1672143291028 |url-status=live }}</ref> Recently, the emirate of Abu Dhabi opened a civil law family court for non-Muslims and Dubai has announced that non-Muslims can opt for civil marriages.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Abdulla |first=Nasreen |title=New UAE law: Dubai residents can now get marriage licences in 24 hours |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/uae/new-uae-law-dubai-residents-can-now-get-marriage-licences-in-24-hours |access-date=8 June 2023 |website=Khaleej Times |language=en |archive-date=8 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608171829/https://www.khaleejtimes.com/uae/new-uae-law-dubai-residents-can-now-get-marriage-licences-in-24-hours |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="lia" />

[[Apostasy]] is a technically [[Capital punishment|capital crime]] in the UAE, however, there are no documented cases of apostates being executed.<ref>Evans, Robert. (9 December 2013) [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-religion-atheists-idUSBRE9B900G20131210 Atheists face death in 13 countries, global discrimination: study] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821110306/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-religion-atheists-idUSBRE9B900G20131210 |date=21 August 2021 }}. Reuters. Retrieved 26 November 2015.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The International Briefing: Persecution of Atheists and Apostates |url=http://beaveronline.co.uk/the-international-briefing-persecution-of-atheists-and-apostates/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428131415/http://beaveronline.co.uk/the-international-briefing-persecution-of-atheists-and-apostates/ |archive-date=28 April 2015}}</ref> [[Blasphemy#Punishment and definition|Blasphemy]] is illegal; expatriates involved in insulting Islam are liable for deportation.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 July 2015 |title=UAE to deport expats abusing religions |url=http://www.emirates247.com/news/emirates/uae-to-deport-expats-abusing-religions-2015-07-22-1.597619 |work=Emirates 247 |access-date=28 March 2024 |archive-date=25 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525072642/http://www.emirates247.com/news/emirates/uae-to-deport-expats-abusing-religions-2015-07-22-1.597619 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="shar">{{cite journal |author=Butti Sultan Butti Ali Al-Muhairi |year=1996 |title=The Islamisation of Laws in the UAE: The Case of the Penal Code |journal=Arab Law Quarterly |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=350–371 |doi=10.2307/3381546 |jstor=3381546| issn=0268-0556 }}</ref><ref>Al-Muhairi (1997), Conclusion to the Series of Articles on the UAE Penal Law. Arab Law Quarterly, Vol. 12, No. 4</ref>

[[LGBT rights in the United Arab Emirates|Sodomy]] is illegal and is punishable by a minimum of 6-month imprisonment or a fine or both, but the law does not apply "except on the basis of a complaint from the husband or legal guardian", but the penalty may be suspended if the complaint is waived.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=5 June 2022 |title=UAE: Sweeping Legal 'Reforms' Deepen Repression |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/06/05/uae-sweeping-legal-reforms-deepen-repression |access-date=21 June 2023 |website=Human Rights Watch |language=en |quote="Under the 2021 law, if men and women have sex outside of marriage, the act carries a penalty of no less than six months imprisonment. Sodomy with an adult male is also criminalized under the law. In both cases, the offenses can only be prosecuted on the basis of a complaint by a husband or male guardian." |archive-date=11 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311045529/https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/06/05/uae-sweeping-legal-reforms-deepen-repression |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2013, an Emirati man was on trial for being accused of a "gay handshake".<ref name="arc.com">{{cite web |title=Man Accused of 'Gay Handshake' Stands Trial in Dubai |url=http://www.care2.com/causes/man-accused-of-gay-handshake-stands-trial-in-dubai.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030104723/http://www.care2.com/causes/man-accused-of-gay-handshake-stands-trial-in-dubai.html |archive-date=30 October 2015 |access-date=11 January 2015}}</ref>

Due to local customs, public shows of affection in certain public places are illegal and could result in [[deportation]], but holding hands is tolerated.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simpson |first=Colin |date=4 July 2013 |title=The rules are clear, says lawyer: no kissing allowed in Dubai |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/heritage/2023/03/06/the-rules-are-clear-says-lawyer-no-kissing-allowed-in-dubai/ |access-date=21 June 2023 |website=The National |language=en |archive-date=7 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207101610/https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/heritage/2023/03/06/the-rules-are-clear-says-lawyer-no-kissing-allowed-in-dubai/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Expats in Dubai have been deported for kissing in public.<ref name="bbc.com">[https://www.bbc.com/news/10507147 London man tells of 'shock' jailing in Dubai over kiss] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517221054/https://www.bbc.com/news/10507147 |date=17 May 2021 }}. Bbc.com. Retrieved 26 November 2015.</ref> In several cases, the courts of the UAE have jailed women who have reported rape.{{efn|Attributed to multiple sources:<ref>{{Cite news|title = UAE imprisoning rape victims under extramarital sex laws – investigation|url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/26/hundreds-of-women-prosecuted-for-extramarital-sex-in-uae-finds-bbc|newspaper = The Guardian|date = 26 October 2015|author = Topping, Alexandra|access-date = 13 December 2016|archive-date = 17 October 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161017152837/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/26/hundreds-of-women-prosecuted-for-extramarital-sex-in-uae-finds-bbc|url-status = live}}</ref><ref name="cnn">{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/07/22/world/meast/uae-norway-rape-controversy/index.html|title=Dubai ruler pardons Norwegian woman convicted after she reported rape|work=CNN.com|access-date=10 September 2013|archive-date=16 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130916124444/http://www.cnn.com/2013/07/22/world/meast/uae-norway-rape-controversy/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="reuters" /><ref name="tdb">{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/witw/articles/2013/07/30/dubai-s-progressive-charade.html|title=Dubai's Progressive Charade|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|date=30 July 2013 |access-date=12 February 2016|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304125248/http://www.thedailybeast.com/witw/articles/2013/07/30/dubai-s-progressive-charade.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="nydaily">{{cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/dubai-rape-vic-arrested-drinking-article-1.1214682|title=Gang-rape victim in Dubai arrested for drinking alcohol: report|work=[[New York Daily News]]|date=6 December 2012|access-date=12 February 2016|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305072601/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/dubai-rape-vic-arrested-drinking-article-1.1214682|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="latimes">{{cite web|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/babylonbeyond/2010/06/the-court-in-abu-dhabi-ruled-today-that-the-18-year-old-emirati-woman-who-accused-six-men-of-gang-rape-will-serve-a-one-year.html|title=Dubai: Victim of gang rape sentenced to one year in prison|date=17 June 2010|access-date=20 September 2014|archive-date=21 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821161906/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/babylonbeyond/2010/06/the-court-in-abu-dhabi-ruled-today-that-the-18-year-old-emirati-woman-who-accused-six-men-of-gang-rape-will-serve-a-one-year.html|url-status=live}}</ref>}} Federal law in the UAE prohibits swearing on social media.<ref name="inde">{{cite news |date=16 June 2015 |title=Swearing on WhatsApp 'will result in £40,000 fine and deportation, UAE rules' |work=[[The Independent]] |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/swearing-on-whatsapp-will-result-in-40000-fine-and-deportation-uae-rules-10324188.html |access-date=28 March 2024 |archive-date=29 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629124207/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/swearing-on-whatsapp-will-result-in-40000-fine-and-deportation-uae-rules-10324188.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=16 June 2015|title=British Expats Face Being Deported From UAE For Swearing on WhatsApp|url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/british-expats-face-being-deported-from-uae-for-swearing-on-whatsapp-161318056.html#GTeWLi4|work=Yahoo News|access-date=28 March 2024|archive-date=23 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923004636/https://uk.news.yahoo.com/british-expats-face-being-deported-from-uae-for-swearing-on-whatsapp-161318056.html#GTeWLi4|url-status=live}}</ref> Dancing in public is illegal in the UAE.<ref>{{cite web |date=23 October 2012 |title=Criminal Law of Dubai |url=http://www.lawyersuae.com/court-cases/criminal-law-of-dubai |publisher=lawyersuae.com |access-date=25 December 2014 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006095228/http://www.lawyersuae.com/court-cases/criminal-law-of-dubai |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=المشارق |url=http://al-shorfa.com/en_GB/articles/meii/features/2009/03/20/feature-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219073733/http://al-shorfa.com/en_GB/articles/meii/features/2009/03/20/feature-03 |archive-date=19 December 2014 |access-date=15 February 2015 |work=al-shorfa.com}}</ref><ref>[http://www.arabnews.com/node/322024 No dancing in public: Dubai] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225062212/https://www.arabnews.com/node/322024 |date=25 February 2021 }}. Arab News (15 March 2009). Retrieved 26 November 2015.</ref> In November 2020, UAE announced that it decriminalised alcohol, lifted the ban on unmarried couples living together, and ended lenient punishment on [[honor killing]]. Foreigners living in the Emirates were allowed to follow their native country's laws on divorce and inheritance.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/nov/07/united-arab-emirates-to-relax-islamic-laws-on-personal-freedoms|title=UAE decriminalises alcohol and lifts ban on unmarried couples living together|access-date=9 November 2020|website=The Guardian|date=9 November 2020|archive-date=11 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111155359/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/nov/07/united-arab-emirates-to-relax-islamic-laws-on-personal-freedoms|url-status=live}}</ref>

Despite the Sharia laws that restrict gambling tools and machines in the UAE, the country granted its first commercial gaming operator's licence to [[Wynn Resorts]] that was developing a luxury resort, including a {{Convert|224000|ft2|abbr=on}} casino component, at [[Al Marjan Island]] in [[Ras Al Khaimah]]. In September 2023, the UAE established the General Commercial Gaming Regulatory Authority (GCGRA), hinting towards its plans to legalise [[gambling]]. The GCGRA has outlined a comprehensive framework that includes licenses for casinos, [[slot machine]]s, and [[poker]] tables, as well as [[Lottery|lotteries]], [[Online game|internet gaming]], and sports wagering. The GCGRA emphasises responsible gaming, requiring operators to implement socially responsible gaming programs and undergo audits every two years. These programs include player education, responsible marketing, employee training, and evaluation plans to measure their effectiveness. Gaming operators must have a "qualifying domestic entity" in the UAE, defined as any UAE company with substantial business operations in the jurisdiction. The GCGRA also mandates player management tools, including deposit limits and cooling-off periods for online gaming.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Corder |first=Josh |date=28 July 2024 |title=UAE Publishes Rules For Legal Gambling and Casino Licenses – Here's What They Say |url=https://skift.com/2024/07/28/uae-publishes-rules-for-legal-gambling-and-casino-licenses-heres-what-they-say/ |access-date=16 December 2024 |website=Skift |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":10" />

The first lottery license has been granted to The Game LLC, operating under the banner of the 'UAE Lottery'. This move supersedes existing lottery operators like Mahzooz and Big Ticket, which are no longer legally permitted to offer their services. Players are required to engage only with licensed gaming operators to avoid severe penalties. The regulations also specify that operators must enable players to restrict themselves from online gaming platforms for a period of at least 72 hours upon request. This is part of the broader initiative to ensure a secure and responsible commercial gaming environment in the UAE.<ref name=":1" />

The UAE's move to legalise gaming is seen as a strategic step to enhance its tourism and entertainment sector, leveraging its existing infrastructure and business-friendly environment. This development is expected to attract major gaming operators and contribute significantly to the country's economy.<ref name=":1" />

The country does not have any formal gaming laws, and therefore the project details about the casino were not completely made public. Local citizens are not permitted for gambling, which remains a legal and cultural taboo.<ref>{{cite news|title=Wynn Resorts says it gets UAE's first gambling license|date=5 October 2024|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/wynn-resorts-says-it-gets-uaes-first-gambling-license-2024-10-05/ |access-date=23 October 2024}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{cite news|title=The United Arab Emirates Is Building Its Own Las Vegas|date=6 October 2024|url=https://skift.com/2024/10/06/the-united-arab-emirates-is-building-its-own-las-vegas/ |access-date=23 October 2024}}</ref>

=== Human rights violations ===
{{Main|Human rights in the United Arab Emirates}}

[[Human Rights Watch]] has reported on the country's ongoing unfair mass trials, restrictions of freedom of speech and abuses to migrant labor forces.<ref>{{Citation |last=Human Rights Watch |title=United Arab Emirates: Events of 2024 |date=17 December 2024 |work=Share this via Facebook |url=https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2025/country-chapters/united-arab-emirates |access-date=12 November 2025 |language=en}}</ref> The annual [[Freedom House]] report on ''[[Freedom in the World]]'' has listed the United Arab Emirates as "Not Free" every year since 1999, the first year for which records are available on their website.<ref name="United Arab Emirates Reports">{{cite web|url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2014/united-arab-emirates|title=United Arab Emirates Reports|work=Freedom House|access-date=7 May 2015|date=22 August 2014|archive-date=13 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150513050714/https://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2014/united-arab-emirates|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2025, the country ranked 18 out of 100 in terms of the freedom index, due to a lack of [[free elections]], lack of [[government transparency]] and accountability, and a lack of free media and [[Judicial independence|independent judicial system]], and low scores against other metrics.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |title=United Arab Emirates: Freedom in the World 2025 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/united-arab-emirates/freedom-world/2025 |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}</ref>

[[Freedom of association]] is also severely curtailed, and in most cases, banned under existing law. In the UAE an association requires twenty individuals, none of which can have previous convictions and must be preauthorized and registered with the government.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2022 |title=Freedom of Association in the Middle East and North Africa |url=https://romena.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2022-02/Freedom%20of%20Association%20Report%20.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250831083838/https://romena.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2022-02/Freedom%20of%20Association%20Report%20.pdf |archive-date=31 August 2025 |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=romena.ohchr.org |publisher=[[United Nations Human Rights Council]]}}</ref> All associations have to be submitted to [[Censorship in the Middle East|censorship guidelines]] and all publications have first to be approved by the government.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Fanack |title=Stifling Dissent in the UAE |url=https://chronicle.fanack.com/united-arab-emirates/administration-politics/human-rights-uae-modern-facade-bleak-reality/stifling-dissent/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713130807/https://chronicle.fanack.com/united-arab-emirates/administration-politics/human-rights-uae-modern-facade-bleak-reality/stifling-dissent/ |archive-date=13 July 2015 |access-date=13 July 2015 |website=Fanack.com}}</ref> Updated in 2022, article 188 in the Penal Code makes the establishment of an association with the intended goal of challenging the existing regime punishable by life imprisonment or the death penalty.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United Arab Emirates |url=https://fot.humanists.international/countries/asia-western-asia/united-arab-emirates/ |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=Freedom of Thought Report |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 November 2025 |title=New UAE penal code: increased restrictions on fundamental freedoms {{!}} MENA Rights Group |url=https://menarights.org/en/articles/new-uae-penal-code-increased-restrictions-fundamental-freedoms |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=menarights.org |language=en}}</ref> In its 2025 Annual Report, [[Amnesty International]] has continuously identified severe human rights violations, particularly against freedom of assembly, freedom speech and an uptick in [[arbitrary arrest and detention|arbitrary arrest]] and torture.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |title=Human rights in United Arab Emirates |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/middle-east-and-north-africa/middle-east/united-arab-emirates/report-united-arab-emirates/ |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}</ref>

Immigrant workers are often subject to harsh forms of the law within the country, and are often victims of arbitrary detention or torture within the country.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United Arab Emirates |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-trafficking-in-persons-report/united-arab-emirates/ |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=United States Department of State |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=UN paints grim picture of human rights abuses in UAE |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/1/10/un-raises-concern-over-human-rights-in-uae |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> One notable example is [[Ryan Cornelius]], a 71-year-old British citizen who has been unlawfully detained in the UAE since 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2025 |title=Human rights violations in Dubai, Central African Republic and Syria {{!}} Aktualności {{!}} Parlament Europejski |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/pl/press-room/20250704IPR29457/human-rights-violations-in-dubai-central-african-republic-and-syria |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=www.europarl.europa.eu |language=pl}}</ref> The [[Arab Organization for Human Rights]] obtained testimonies from defendants who claimed being kidnapped, tortured and abused in detention centers; they reported sixteen methods of torture including beatings, threats with [[electrocution]] and denial of medical care.<ref name="aohr">{{cite web |date=November 2014 |title=Forced Disappearances and Torture in the United Arab Emirates |url=http://aohr.org.uk/images/releases/forced-disappearance-torture-in-UAE.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115030038/http://aohr.org.uk/images/releases/forced-disappearance-torture-in-UAE.pdf |archive-date=15 January 2016 |access-date=4 February 2016 |work=Arab Organisation for Human Rights}}</ref> Repressive measures, including deportation, were applied on foreigners based on allegations of attempts to destabilize the country.<ref name="forced">[https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/articles/middle-east/15084-uaes-crackdown-on-democracy-short-sighted UAE's crackdown on democracy short-sighted] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126114449/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/articles/middle-east/15084-uaes-crackdown-on-democracy-short-sighted|date=26 November 2015}}. Middleeastmonitor.com. Retrieved 26 November 2015.</ref> The issue of [[sexual abuse]] among female [[domestic workers]] is another area of concern, particularly given that domestic servants are not covered by the UAE labour law of 1980 or the draft labour law of 2007.<ref>{{cite web |author=Whitson, Sarah Leah |date=24 March 2007 |title=UAE: Draft Labor Law Violates International Standards |url=https://www.hrw.org/en/news/2007/03/24/uae-draft-labor-law-violates-international-standards |publisher=Human Rights Watch |access-date=28 March 2024 |archive-date=5 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805224836/https://www.hrw.org/en/news/2007/03/24/uae-draft-labor-law-violates-international-standards |url-status=live }}</ref> Additionally, the ''[[kafala system]]'', or sponsorship for work results in a significant cost to migrant workers and conditions comparable to [[indentured servitude]].<ref>Guthrie, Daniel (2023) Reconstructing Power: Addressing the Exploitation of Migrant Construction Workers in the UAE, The Beacon Journal, 2023 Edition, 2-8

https://beaconjournal.lse.ac.uk/articles/6/files/64e376bdef3d1.pdf</ref> Protests by foreign workers have been suppressed, and protesters imprisoned without due process; including in 2008, 2012, and most recently in 2023.<ref>{{cite news |date=24 February 2008 |title=Indian workers jailed in Dubai over violent protest |work=Reuters |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-32118620080224 |access-date=6 July 2021 |archive-date=12 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112072424/http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-32118620080224 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hunger strikes in Dubai over imprisonments |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2012/5/2/foreigners-launch-hunger-strike-in-uae-jail |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Govt continues efforts to free 25 Bangladeshis from UAE jail |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/foreign-affairs/393587/govt-continuing-efforts-to-free-25-bangladeshis |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=Dhaka Tribune |language=en}}</ref>

The state security apparatus in the UAE has been accused of human rights abuses including forced disappearance, arbitrary arrests and torture.<ref>{{cite web |title=Human Rights in The UAE |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/region/uae |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213013240/http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/uae |archive-date=13 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 November 2025 |title=MENA Rights Group highlights widespread practice of enforced disappearance in the United Arab Emirates in general allegation to the UN {{!}} MENA Rights Group |url=https://menarights.org/en/articles/mena-rights-group-highlights-widespread-practice-enforced-disappearance-united-arab |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=menarights.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=200 Days of Abdulrahman Yusuf's Enforced Disappearance: Reveal His Whereabouts. Ensure His Safety. Release Him Now. |url=https://euromedrights.org/publication/200-days-of-abdulrahman-yusufs-enforced-disappearance-reveal-his-whereabouts-ensure-his-safety-release-him-now/ |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=EuroMed Rights |language=en-US}}</ref> In a mass trial in 2013, human rights activist and lawyer, [[Salim al-Shehhi]] claimed he was held in solitary confinement and forced to give a confession to crimes he was accused of.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Salem Al-Shehhi |url=https://edacrights.com/prisoner/11 |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=Edacrights |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Webteam |first=Web |date=9 August 2012 |title=UAE Activist Asks Police for Help, Gets Arrested Instead |url=https://www.amnestyusa.org/blog/uae-activist-asks-police-for-help-gets-arrested-instead/ |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=Amnesty International USA |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2023, the country held its largest mass trial where defendants were not given fair treatment. Beginning in December 2023, a trial with 84 defendants resulted in 43 people sentenced to life in prison, ten received sentences up to fifteen years for peaceful protests against the government. Those convicted were Bangladeshi individuals in the UAE, protesting their home government, while the UAE claimed the defendants were a part of a terrorist organization. The [[Closed trial|trial took place in secrecy]] with no documents or evidence provided in the court.<ref name=":14" /><ref name=":13" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 March 2025 |title=UAE: Unfair Mass Trial Convictions Upheld {{!}} Human Rights Watch |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/03/04/uae-unfair-mass-trial-convictions-upheld |access-date=12 November 2025 |language=en}}</ref> In January 2025, [[Human Rights Watch]] (HRW) published a report highlighting the human rights abuses committed by the UAE in 2024, majorly focusing on the unfair mass trial, where the UAE's use of Federal Penal Code and the Cybercrime Law were used to silence government critics, journalists, dissidents and activists, while restricting their freedom of expression.

A December 2024 report by [[European Centre for Democracy and Human Rights|European Centre for Democracy and Human Rights (ECDHR)]] highlights the country's acute issue with unlawful, political persecution and absence of judicial independence. Trials are often held in secrecy and the defendants' lawyers are neglected from accessing case files and court documents. The UAE's 2014 Counter-Terrorism Law is used to enforce travel bans, life imprisonment and even death penalty for peaceful critics of the regime and those managing an organization.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United Arab Emirates: UN experts alarmed by new charges brought against civil society in UAE87 trial |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/01/united-arab-emirates-un-experts-alarmed-new-charges-brought-against-civil |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=OHCHR |language=en}}</ref> The UAE's counterterrorism law represses freedom of expression. The country's judicial system lacks any form of transparency or independence, and international organizations have called on the UN to form an independent committee to review all allegations of torture, incommunicado detention, and unfair trials.<ref>{{cite news |date=30 December 2024 |title=Undermining Justice: The UAE's Struggle with Judicial Independence, Human Rights, and Unfair Trials |url=https://www.ecdhr.org/undermining-justice-the-uaes-struggle-with-judicial-independence-human-rights-and-unfair-trials/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250107125606/https://www.ecdhr.org/undermining-justice-the-uaes-struggle-with-judicial-independence-human-rights-and-unfair-trials/ |archive-date=7 January 2025 |access-date=8 January 2025 |website=ECDHR}}</ref>

Investigations have found that Qatari men have been abducted by the UAE government and allegedly withheld information about the men's fate from their families.<ref name="forced" /><ref name="qta">{{cite web |title=Urgent Action: Enforced Disappearance of Qatari Nationals |url=http://www.amnestyusa.org/sites/default/files/uaa25614.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225122354/http://www.amnestyusa.org/sites/default/files/uaa25614.pdf |archive-date=25 December 2014 |access-date=25 December 2014 |publisher=[[Amnesty International]]}}</ref> Over 4,000 Shia expatriates have been deported from the UAE;<ref>[http://majlis.org.uk/thousands-of-shias-coercively-deported-from-uae/ Thousands of Shias Coercively deported from UAE – Majlis-e-Ulama-e-Shia Europe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225122717/http://majlis.org.uk/thousands-of-shias-coercively-deported-from-uae/|date=25 December 2014}}. Majlis.org.uk. Retrieved on 21 August 2018.</ref><ref>Luca, Ana Maria (5 June 2013) [https://web.archive.org/web/20141225122615/https://now.mmedia.me/lb/en/reportsfeatures/hezbollah-and-the-gulf Hezbollah and the Gulf]. mmedia.me</ref> including Lebanese Shia families for their alleged sympathies for [[Hezbollah]].<ref>{{cite web |year=2013 |title=UAE Deports 125 Lebanese Citizens |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2013/02/uae-deports-lebanese-expatriates.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225122306/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2013/02/uae-deports-lebanese-expatriates.html |archive-date=25 December 2014 |work=Al Monitor}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |year=2010 |title=UAE/Lebanon: Allow Lebanese/Palestinian Deportees to Appeal |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2010/07/19/uaelebanon-allow-lebanesegazan-deportees-appeal |publisher=Human Rights Watch |access-date=28 March 2024 |archive-date=3 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103213242/http://www.hrw.org/news/2010/07/19/uaelebanon-allow-lebanesegazan-deportees-appeal |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Wigglesworth |first1=Robin |date=19 July 2010 |title=UAE urged to allow appeal on deportations |work=[[Financial Times]] |url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/37f1883c-934d-11df-bb9a-00144feab49a.html |url-status=dead |access-date=16 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525062330/https://www.ft.com/content/37f1883c-934d-11df-bb9a-00144feab49a |archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> In 2013, 94 Emirati activists were held in secret detention centres and put on trial for allegedly attempting to overthrow the government;<ref>{{cite web |author=Hearst, David |year=2013 |title=The UAE's bizarre, political trial of 94 activists |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/mar/06/uae-trial-94-activists |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=13 December 2016 |archive-date=20 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220095051/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/mar/06/uae-trial-94-activists |url-status=live }}</ref> a relative of a defendant was arrested for tweeting about the trial, and sentenced to 10 months in jail.<ref>{{cite news |author=Brumfield, Ben |author2=Faraj, Caroline |author3=Abedine, Saad |date=11 April 2013 |title=Man faces 10 months jail for tweets about trial in UAE |publisher=CNN |url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/04/11/world/meast/uae-twitter-jail/ |access-date=18 April 2013 |archive-date=16 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130416071152/http://www.cnn.com/2013/04/11/world/meast/uae-twitter-jail |url-status=live }}</ref> The latest forced disappearance involves [[Disappearance of the Al-Suwaidi sisters|three sisters from Abu Dhabi]].<ref name="Amnesty">[https://www.amnesty.org/en/articles/news/2015/02/uae-three-women-held-in-secret-detention-over-tweets/ UAE Three women held in secret detention over tweets|Amnesty International] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518091038/https://www.amnesty.org/en/articles/news/2015/02/uae-three-women-held-in-secret-detention-over-tweets/ |date=18 May 2015 }}. Amnesty.org (27 February 2015). Retrieved 26 November 2015.</ref>

The UAE has expanded its international influence, subsequently committing human rights abuses across national borders. The country has been funding the [[Darfur genocide (2023–present)|genocide in Sudan]], through direct support and supply of weapons to the [[Rapid Support Forces]] in the [[Sudanese civil war (2023–present)|Sudanese civil war]].<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |date=6 March 2025 |title=Sudan files case against UAE for 'complicity in genocide' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c3w1nzpg5dgo |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":13" />

On 29 March 2024, Sudan filed a formal complaint with the [[United Nations Security Council]] (UNSC), in response to the UAE's planning and backing the RSF militias against the Sudanese army.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sudan demands UN condemnation of UAE support for RSF|date=29 March 2024|url=https://sudantribune.com/article283888/ |access-date=16 October 2024}}</ref> The ongoing conflict has reached new heights of violence with the continued support of the RSF by the UAE in terms of weapons and other equipment.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sudan: Abusive Warring Parties Acquire New Weapons|date=9 September 2024|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/09/09/sudan-abusive-warring-parties-acquire-new-weapons |access-date=16 October 2024}}</ref> Reports stating the Emirates wanted to provide humanitarian support for the Sudanese people turned out to be an expansion of a [[covert operation]] to funnel money, weapons - including drone technology - to opposition forces. Officials said the UAE was playing the most consequential role by inflaming the crisis, while pledging to ease it.<ref name="nytimes.com">{{cite news|title=How a U.S. Ally Uses Aid as a Cover in War|work=The New York Times |date=21 September 2024|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/21/world/africa/uae-sudan-civil-war.html |access-date=16 October 2024 |last1=Walsh |first1=Declan |last2=Koettl |first2=Christoph }}</ref> In October 2024, Sudan wrote a second official letter to the UNSC, calling for it to take strong action against the UAE's continued aggression towards Sudan, with the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Sudan)|Sudanese Foreign Ministry]] also claimed that the UAE is not just an indirect supporter of RSF, but rather a "vicious frontline player in the war of aggression" against Sudan.<ref name=":15" /><ref name="nytimes.com" /><ref>{{cite news|title=Sudan reiterates accusations of UAE support for RSF, urges UN action|date=12 October 2024|url=https://sudantribune.com/article291983/ |access-date=16 October 2024}}</ref>

As a response to their poor human rights records, the government of the UAE has tried to strengthen relations with a number of western private and public entities through [[Whitewashing (politics)|whitewashing]], to improve their public image.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Saberi |first1=Donya |last2=Paris |first2=Cody Morris |last3=Marochi |first3=Belisa |date=January 2018 |title=Soft power and place branding in the United Arab Emirates: examples of the tourism and film industries |url=https://www.inderscienceonline.com/doi/abs/10.1504/IJDIPE.2018.091405 |journal=International Journal of Diplomacy and Economy |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=44–58 |doi=10.1504/IJDIPE.2018.091405 |issn=2049-0887}}</ref> They established a Soft Power Council in 2017 in order to address their international image.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Antwi-Boateng |first1=Osman |last2=Alhashmi |first2=Amira Ali |date=3 April 2022 |title=The emergence of the United Arab Emirates as a global soft power: current strategies and future challenges |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/20954816.2021.1951481 |journal=Economic and Political Studies |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=208–227 |doi=10.1080/20954816.2021.1951481 |issn=2095-4816|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The UAE deploys a number of these techniques, including gender-washing, [[Greenwashing|green-washing]] and [[Sportswashing|sports-washing]]; as evident in hosting major events like [[COP28]], sporting events including [[Formula One]] races,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amnesty slams UAE repression behind F1 glitz |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/11/18/amnesty-slams-uae-repression-behind-f1-glitz |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> the Abu Dhabi Cup in 2026;<ref>{{Cite web |last=Editorial |first=Man City |title=Manchester City Abu Dhabi Cup 2026 expands to three days of football |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/club/Manchester%20City%20Abu%20Dhabi%20Cup%202026%20expands%20to%20three%20days%20of%20football |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=Manchester City FC |language=en}}</ref> or promoting tourism and business to Dubai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 October 2021 |title=How Is The UAE Using Dubai Expo To Whitewash Human Rights Violations - ECDHR |url=https://www.ecdhr.org/how-is-the-uae-using-dubai-expo-to-whitewash-human-rights-violations/ |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=www.ecdhr.org |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fruh |first1=Kyle |last2=Archer |first2=Alfred |last3=Wojtowicz |first3=Jake |date=2 January 2023 |title=Sportswashing: Complicity and Corruption |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/17511321.2022.2107697 |journal=Sport, Ethics and Philosophy |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=101–118 |doi=10.1080/17511321.2022.2107697 |issn=1751-1321}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Dubinsky |first=Yoav |title=Nation Branding, Public Diplomacy, and the Dirty Business of Sportswashing |date=2023 |work=Nation Branding and Sports Diplomacy: Country Image Games in Times of Change |pages=157–191 |editor-last=Dubinsky |editor-first=Yoav |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32550-2_7 |access-date=12 November 2025 |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-32550-2_7 |isbn=978-3-031-32550-2|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The growing interest in playing a role in the international entertainment industriy is an attempt to scour the country's image of its ongoing human rights violations. They continue to face criticism for its ongoing contribution to climate change and human rights abuses, despite participating in these international events.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 January 2025 |title=World Report 2024: United Arab Emirates |url=https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2025/country-chapters/united-arab-emirates |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250117114951/https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2025/country-chapters/united-arab-emirates |archive-date=17 January 2025 |access-date=6 February 2025 |website=HRW}}</ref> In 2018, the country hosted the Second Annual World Tolerance Summit, which was protested by a number of NGOs and scholars.<ref>“Don’t’ whitewash the UAE’s gross human rights abuses”: NGOs call on World Tolerance Summit speakers to cancel their participation

Accessible open letter, 2019. https://www.icj.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/UAE-Tolerance-Summit-Advocacy-open-letters-2019-ENG.pdf </ref>

=== Migrant workers ===
{{Main|Migrant workers in the United Arab Emirates|Migrant workers in the Gulf Cooperation Council region}}

[[File:Burj Dubai Construction Workers on 25 January 2008 Pict 2.jpg|thumb|right|Two South Asian [[blue-collar workers]] posing for a picture with the [[Burj Khalifa]] on the background]]

Migrant workers in the UAE are not allowed to join trade unions or go on strike. Those who strike may risk prison and deportation,<ref name="mig">{{cite web|url=http://survey.ituc-csi.org/United-Arab-Emirates.html?lang=en#tabs-3|title=United Arab Emirates|work=International Trade Union Confederation|access-date=27 October 2014|archive-date=1 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101224409/https://survey.ituc-csi.org/United-Arab-Emirates.html?lang=en#tabs-3|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://survey.ituc-csi.org/United-Arab-Emirates.html?lang=en#tabs-2|title=United Arab Emirates|work=International Trade Union Confederation|access-date=14 October 2014|archive-date=1 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101224409/https://survey.ituc-csi.org/United-Arab-Emirates.html?lang=en#tabs-2|url-status=live}}</ref> as seen in 2014 when dozens of workers were deported for striking.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/dec/22/abu-dhabi-migrant-workers-conditions-shame-west Conditions for Abu Dhabi's migrant workers 'shame the west' | World news] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125023446/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/dec/22/abu-dhabi-migrant-workers-conditions-shame-west |date=25 January 2018 }}. ''The Guardian'' (22 December 2013). Retrieved on 21 August 2018.</ref> The [[International Trade Union Confederation]] has called on the [[United Nations]] to investigate evidence that thousands of migrant workers in the UAE are treated as slave labour.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/sep/13/migrant-workers-uae-gulf-states-un-ituc|title=Call for UN to investigate plight of migrant workers in the UAE|newspaper=The Guardian|date=13 September 2014|last1=Batty|first1=David|access-date=13 December 2016|archive-date=12 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212225943/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/sep/13/migrant-workers-uae-gulf-states-un-ituc|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2019, an investigation performed by ''The Guardian'' revealed that thousands of migrant construction workers employed on infrastructure and building projects for the UAE's [[Expo 2020]] exhibition were working in an unsafe environment. Some were even exposed to potentially fatal situations due to cardiovascular issues. Long hours in the sun made them vulnerable to heat strokes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2019/oct/03/workers-at-dubai-expo-2020-heat-stress|title=Workers at Dubai's Expo 2020 likely to have suffered dangerous heat stress|access-date=3 October 2019|work=The Guardian|date=3 October 2019|archive-date=3 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003141918/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2019/oct/03/workers-at-dubai-expo-2020-heat-stress|url-status=live}}</ref>

A report in January 2020 highlighted that the employers in the United Arab Emirates have been exploiting the Indian labor and hiring them on [[Travel visa|tourist visas]], which is easier and cheaper than [[work permit]]s. These [[migrant worker]]s are left open to [[Labor rights|labor abuse]], where they also fear reporting exploitation due to their illegal status. Besides, the issue remains unknown as the visit visa data is not maintained in both the UAE and Indian [[Human migration|migration]] and employment records.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://weeklyreviewer.com/tourist-visa-scam-traps-indian-workers-in-abusive-jobs-in-uae-news/|title=Tourist visa scam traps Indian workers in abusive jobs in UAE|date=15 January 2020|access-date=15 January 2020|website=Weekly Reviewer|archive-date=16 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116091345/https://weeklyreviewer.com/tourist-visa-scam-traps-indian-workers-in-abusive-jobs-in-uae-news/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:Dubai workers angsana burj.jpg|thumb|left|Dubai construction workers having a lunch break]]
In a 22 July 2020 news piece, ''Reuters'' reported [[human rights]] groups as saying conditions had deteriorated because of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. Many migrant workers racked up debt and depended on the help of charities. The report cited salary delays and layoffs as a major risk, in addition to overcrowded living conditions, lack of support and problems linked with healthcare and sick pay. Reuters reported at least 200,000 workers, mostly from India but also from Pakistan, Bangladesh, the Philippines and Nepal, had been repatriated, according to their diplomatic missions.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-emirates-jobs/uaes-migrant-workers-fret-over-future-in-coronavirus-economy-idUSKCN24N0Q7|title=UAE's migrant workers fret over future in coronavirus economy|access-date=22 July 2020|website=Reuters|date=22 July 2020|archive-date=23 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200723151341/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-emirates-jobs/uaes-migrant-workers-fret-over-future-in-coronavirus-economy-idUSKCN24N0Q7|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 2 May 2020, the Consul General of India in [[Dubai]], Vipul, confirmed that more than 150,000 Indians in the United Arab Emirates registered to be repatriated through the e-registration option provided by Indian consulates in the UAE. According to the figures, 25% of applicants lost their jobs and nearly 15% were stranded in the country due to lockdown. Besides, 50% of the total applicants were from the state of [[Kerala]], India.<ref>{{cite web|title=150,000 Indians in UAE register to fly home during coronavirus pandemic|url=https://gulfnews.com/uae/150000-indians-in-uae-register-to-fly-home-during-coronavirus-pandemic-1.71297349|access-date=2 May 2020|website=Gulf News|date=2 May 2020|archive-date=3 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503015519/https://gulfnews.com/uae/150000-indians-in-uae-register-to-fly-home-during-coronavirus-pandemic-1.71297349|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 9 October 2020, ''The Telegraph'' reported that many migrant workers were left abandoned, as they lost their jobs amidst the tightening economy due to [[COVID-19]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/10/09/homeless-migrants-sleep-rough-beneath-dubais-skyscrapers-covid/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/10/09/homeless-migrants-sleep-rough-beneath-dubais-skyscrapers-covid/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Homeless migrants sleep rough beneath Dubai's skyscrapers as Covid employment crisis bites|access-date=9 October 2020|website=The Telegraph|date=9 October 2020|last1=Stewart|first1=Ashleigh}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

Various human rights organisations have raised serious concerns about the alleged abuse of migrant workers by major contractors organising Expo 2020. UAE's business solution provider German Pavilion is also held accountable for abusing migrant workers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20210507-german-company-using-uae-firm-with-record-of-migrant-worker-abuse-rights-group-says/|title=German company using UAE firm with record of migrant worker abuse, rights group says|date=7 May 2021|access-date=7 May 2021|publisher=Middle East Monitor|archive-date=4 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404024418/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20210507-german-company-using-uae-firm-with-record-of-migrant-worker-abuse-rights-group-says/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Environmental policy ===
{{Further|Environmental issues in the United Arab Emirates}}

Environmental issues in the United Arab Emirates are caused by the [[exploitation of natural resources]], rapid population growth, and high energy demand. [[Climate change]] contributes to [[UAE]]'s [[water scarcity]], [[drought]], and [[Sea level rise|rising sea level]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=United Arab Emirates: A New Perspective|last=Hellyer|first=Peter|publisher=Bertrams|year=2001|isbn=1900724472}}</ref> The country is a leading [[oil and gas|oil and gas producer]]. Its [[energy consumption|energy consumption per capita]] is around 370 [[Gigajoule]]. The UAE's [[List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions per capita|carbon dioxide emissions per capita]] are high, ranking sixth among countries globally.<ref>{{cite web|title=EDGAR – The Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research|url=https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/report_2020#emissions_table|access-date=24 April 2021|website=edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu|archive-date=21 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421035337/https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/report_2020#emissions_table|url-status=live}}</ref> Recently, it made efforts to make itself more sustainable. Those include:<ref>{{cite web |title=United Arab Emirates |url=https://www.weforum.org/publications/fostering-effective-energy-transition-2023/in-full/united-arab-emirates/ |website=World Economic Forum |access-date=1 February 2024 |archive-date=1 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201115951/https://www.weforum.org/publications/fostering-effective-energy-transition-2023/in-full/united-arab-emirates/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Setting a target to reduce [[GHG emissions]] by 31% in comparison to business scenario by 2030 and reach [[Net zero emissions|net zero]] by 2050.
* Launching a program to make the 3 most emissions-intensive sectors, 40% more [[Efficient energy use|energy efficient]].
* Launching some programs related to [[green building]]. [[Retrofitting]] of 30,000 buildings alone, should cut 1 million tons emissions.
* Promoting [[public transport]] and more.

According to official sources, in Dubai, "the share of mass transport in people's mobility increased from 6 per cent in 2006 to 20.61 per cent in 2022."<ref>{{cite news |title=Dubai: 1.8 million people used public transport daily this year |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/transport/uae/dubai-1-8-million-people-used-public-transport-daily-this-year |agency=Khaleej Times |date=15 November 2023 |access-date=28 March 2024 |archive-date=1 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201120048/https://www.khaleejtimes.com/transport/uae/dubai-1-8-million-people-used-public-transport-daily-this-year |url-status=live }}</ref> Together with the USA the country invested 17 billion dollars in [[sustainable agriculture]].<ref>{{cite news |title=COP28: US-UAE climate-friendly farming effort grows to $17 bln |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/cop28-us-uae-climate-friendly-farming-effort-grows-17-bln-2023-12-08/ |access-date=1 February 2024 |work=Reuters |date=9 December 2023 |archive-date=20 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240120141232/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/cop28-us-uae-climate-friendly-farming-effort-grows-17-bln-2023-12-08/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Economy ==

{{NPOV language|section|date=January 2024}}
{{Main|Economy of the United Arab Emirates}}

[[File:Burj Khalifa.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Burj Khalifa]], the [[List of tallest buildings and structures in the world|tallest human-made structure in the world]], located in [[Dubai]]]]
The United Arab Emirates has developed from a juxtaposition of Bedouin tribes to one of the world's wealthiest states in only about 50 years, boasting one of the highest [[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP) per capita]] figures in the world. Economic growth has been impressive and steady throughout the history of this young confederation of emirates with brief periods of recessions only, e.g. in the global financial and economic crisis years 2008–09, and a couple of more mixed years starting in 2015 and persisting until 2019. Between 2000 and 2018, average real gross domestic product (GDP) growth was at close to 4%.<ref name=":2">{{cite web|url=https://www.empyrean-advisors.com/united-arab-emirates-country-analysis/|title=United Arab Emirates – Economic, Social, and Institutional Analysis – Empyrean Advisors|website=www.empyrean-advisors.com|access-date=27 September 2019|archive-date=3 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703122406/https://www.empyrean-advisors.com/united-arab-emirates-country-analysis/|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is the second largest economy in the [[Gulf Cooperation Council|GCC]] (after [[Saudi Arabia]]),<ref name="Economy2013">{{cite web|url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/kt-article-display-1.asp?section=editorschoice&xfile=/data/editorschoice/2013/December/editorschoice_December12.xml |title=UAE's economy growth momentum set to pick up |work=[[Khaleej Times]] |date=27 December 2013 |access-date=5 January 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104225058/http://khaleejtimes.com/kt-article-display-1.asp?xfile=%2Fdata%2Feditorschoice%2F2013%2FDecember%2Feditorschoice_December12.xml&section=editorschoice |archive-date=4 January 2014 }}</ref> with a nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of US$414.2 billion, and a real GDP of 392.8 billion constant 2010 USD in 2018.<ref name=":2" /> Since its independence in 1971, the UAE's economy has grown by nearly 231 times to 1.45 trillion AED in 2013. The non-oil trade has grown to 1.2 trillion AED, a growth by around 28 times from 1981 to 2012.<ref name="Economy2013" /> Supported by the world's seventh-largest oil reserves and aided by prudent investments coupled with a resolute commitment to economic liberalism and strong governmental oversight, the UAE has witnessed its real GDP increase by more than three times over the past four decades. Presently, the UAE is among the wealthiest countries globally, with GDP per capita nearly 80% higher than the OECD average.<ref name=":2" />

{{Multiple image
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As impressive as economic growth has been in the UAE, the total population has increased from just around 550,000 in 1975 to close to 10 million in 2018. This growth is mainly due to the influx of foreign workers into the country, making the national population a minority. The UAE features a unique labour market system, in which residence in the UAE is conditional on stringent visa rules. This system is a major advantage in terms of macroeconomic stability, as labour supply adjusts quickly to demand throughout economic business cycles. This allows the government to keep unemployment in the country on a very low level of less than 3%, and it also gives the government more leeway in terms of macroeconomic policies – where other governments often need to make trade-offs between fighting unemployment and fighting inflation.<ref name=":2" />

Between 2014 and 2018, the accommodation and food, education, information and communication, arts and recreation, and real estate sectors overperformed in terms of growth, whereas the construction, logistics, professional services, public, and oil and gas sectors underperformed.<ref name=":2" />

As for competitiveness, in June 2024 it was reported that the UAE has moved up three place to the 7th place among the top 10 countries in the IMD World Competitiveness. This ranking is issued by the World Competitiveness Centre of the Institute for Management Development (IMD) in [[Switzerland]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2024 |title=UAE climbs to 7th place in IMD World Competitiveness Ranking 2024 |url=https://gulfnews.com/uae/uae-climbs-to-7th-place-in-imd-world-competitiveness-ranking-2024-1.103169049 |access-date=18 June 2024 |website=gulfnews.com |language=en}}</ref>

=== Business and finance ===
[[File:Abu dhabi skylines 2014.jpg|thumb|right|[[Abu Dhabi]] skyline]]

The UAE is ranked as the 26th best country in the world for doing business by the [[Doing Business Report|Doing Business 2017 Report]] published by the [[World Bank Group]].<ref name="Doing Business">{{cite web|url=http://www.doingbusiness.org/rankings|title=Ranking of Economies|work=[[World Bank Group]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604005151/http://www.forbes.com/feeds/afx/2007/06/12/afx3810988.html|archive-date=4 June 2011}}</ref> The UAE are in the top ranks of several other global indices, such as the [[World Happiness Report]] (WHR) and 30th in the [[Global Innovation Index]] in 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GII Innovation Ecosystems & Data Explorer 2025 |url=https://www.wipo.int/gii-ranking/en/united-arab-emirates |access-date=16 October 2025 |website=WIPO}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Dutta |first1=Soumitra |url=https://www.wipo.int/web-publications/global-innovation-index-2025/en/index.html |title=Global Innovation Index 2025: Innovation at a Crossroads |last2=Lanvin |first2=Bruno |publisher=[[World Intellectual Property Organization]] |year=2025 |isbn=978-92-805-3797-0 |page=19 |language=en |doi=10.34667/tind.58864 |access-date=17 October 2025}}</ref> The [[Economist Intelligence Unit]] (EIU) assigns the UAE rank two regionally in terms of business environment and 22 worldwide. From the 2018 Arab Youth Survey, the UAE emerges as the top Arab country in areas such as living, safety and security, economic opportunities, and starting a business, and as an example for other states to emulate.<ref name=":2" />

The weaker points remain the level of education across the UAE population, limitations in the financial and labour markets, barriers to trade and some regulations that hinder business dynamism. The major challenge for the country, though, remains translating investments and strong enabling conditions into innovation and creative outputs.<ref name=":2" />

UAE law does not allow trade unions to exist.<ref name="ituc" /> The right to [[collective bargaining]] and the [[right to strike]] are not recognised, and the Ministry of Labour has the power to force workers to go back to work. Migrant workers who participate in a strike can have their work permits cancelled and be deported.<ref name="ituc">{{cite web | url=http://survey.ituc-csi.org/United-Arab-Emirates.html?edition=336 | title=United Arab Emirates | work=ITUC | access-date=7 February 2013 | archive-date=1 February 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201231308/http://survey.ituc-csi.org/United-Arab-Emirates.html?edition=336 | url-status=live }}</ref> Consequently, there are very few anti-discrimination laws in relation to labour issues, with Emiratis – and other [[Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf|GCC]] Arabs – getting preference in public sector jobs despite lesser credentials than competitors and lower motivation. In fact, just over eighty per cent of Emirati workers hold government posts, with many of the rest taking part in state-owned enterprises such as [[Dubai Properties]] and the airline [[Emirates (airline)|Emirates]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Krane |first=Jim |title=City of Gold: Dubai and the Dream of Capitalism |place=New York |publisher=St. Martin's Press |year=2009 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/cityofgolddubaid0000kran/page/267 267–270] |isbn=978-0-312-53574-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/cityofgolddubaid0000kran/page/267 }}</ref> [[Western world|Western]] states, including the United Kingdom, were also warned by the Emirati Trade Minister, [[Thani bin Ahmed Al Zeyoudi]], to keep politics separate from trade and the economy, as it dilutes the agreements' main objectives. In 2023, Al Zeyoudi indicated that these countries should "tone down" the human and workers' rights provisions in the trade deals, in order to gain greater market access and business opportunities.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Boscia |first1=Stefan |last2=Whale |first2=Sebastian |date=12 March 2023 |title=Stay silent on human rights to strike deals, Gulf states tell UK |language=en |work=Politico |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/uk-trade-deal-human-rights-uae-minister-thani-bin-ahmed-al-zeyoudi-gulf-cooperation-council/ |access-date=13 June 2023 |archive-date=2 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102225119/https://www.politico.eu/article/uk-trade-deal-human-rights-uae-minister-thani-bin-ahmed-al-zeyoudi-gulf-cooperation-council/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The UAE's monetary policy stresses stability and predictability. The [[Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates|Central Bank of the UAE]] (CBUAE) keeps a peg to the US Dollar (USD) and moves interest rates close to the [[Federal funds rate|Federal Funds Rate]].<ref name=":2" />

According to [[Fitch Ratings]], the decline in property sector follows risks of progressively worsening the quality of assets in possession with UAE banks, leading the economy to rougher times ahead. Even though as compared to retail and property, UAE banks fared well. The higher US interest rates followed since 2016 – which the UAE currency complies to – have boosted profitability. However, the likelihood of plunging interest rates and increasing provisioning costs on bad loans, point to difficult times ahead for the [[economy]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/3d537bae-cf30-11e9-b018-ca4456540ea6 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/3d537bae-cf30-11e9-b018-ca4456540ea6 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription|title= UAE banks prepare for rough ride ahead|access-date=18 October 2019|website=Financial Times|date= 18 October 2019|last1= Kerr|first1= Simeon}}</ref>

[[File:Dubai Marina Skyline.jpg|thumb|right|[[Dubai Marina]] skyline]]
Since 2015, economic growth has been more mixed due to a number of factors impacting both demand and supply. In 2017 and 2018, growth has been positive but on a low level of 0.8 and 1.4%, respectively. To support the economy, the government is currently following an expansionary fiscal policy. However, the effects of this policy are partially offset by monetary policy, which has been contractionary. If not for the fiscal stimulus in 2018, the UAE economy would probably have contracted in that year. One of the factors responsible for slower growth has been a credit crunch, which is due to, among other factors, higher interest rates. Government debt has remained on a low level, despite high deficits in a few recent years. Risks related to government debt remain low. Inflation has been picking up in 2017 and 2018. Contributing factors were the introduction of a [[Value-added tax|value added tax]] (VAT) of 5%<ref>{{Cite web |title=UAE VAT calculator – Tax Calculator |url=https://vat201.com/ |access-date=28 November 2022 |website=VAT 201 Vat Calculator |language=en |archive-date=19 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319184229/https://vat201.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> in 2018 as well as higher commodity prices. Despite the government's expansionary fiscal policy and a growing economy in 2018 and at the beginning of 2019, prices have been dropping in late 2018 and 2019 owing to oversupply in some sectors of importance to consumer prices.<ref name=":2" />

The UAE has an attractive tax system for companies and wealthy individuals, making it a preferred destination for companies seeking [[tax avoidance]]. The NGO [[Tax Justice Network]] places them in 2021 in the group of the ten largest [[tax havens]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1254738/les-emirats-arabes-unis-dans-le-top-10-des-paradis-fiscaux-selon-une-ong.html|title=Les Emirats arabes unis dans le top 10 des paradis fiscaux, selon une ONG|date=9 March 2021|website=L'Orient-Le Jour|access-date=9 March 2021|archive-date=1 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301160419/https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1254738/les-emirats-arabes-unis-dans-le-top-10-des-paradis-fiscaux-selon-une-ong.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2023, the UAE's legal system fell under international scrutiny, as the [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|members of the British Parliament]] opened an inquiry into how the foreign business executives are treated in the country, in case of accusations of breaking the law.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dudley |first=Dominic |date=21 June 2023 |title=UK Parliament Starts Inquiry Into UAE's 'Scandalous' Treatment Of Foreign Business Execs |language=en |work=Forbes |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/dominicdudley/2023/06/21/uk-parliament-starts-inquiry-into-uaes-scandalous-treatment-of-foreign-business-execs/?sh=69733d7d4272 |access-date=27 June 2023 |archive-date=27 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627113854/https://www.forbes.com/sites/dominicdudley/2023/06/21/uk-parliament-starts-inquiry-into-uaes-scandalous-treatment-of-foreign-business-execs/?sh=69733d7d4272 |url-status=live }}</ref>

2024 will be the third consecutive year that the UAE holds first place as the world's leading wealth magnet, as 6,700 wealthy migrants are set to move to the country.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2024 |title=UAE remains world's leading millionaire magnet, attracting 6,700 wealthy migrants by 2024-end |url=https://gulfnews.com/business/markets/uae-remains-worlds-leading-millionaire-magnet-attracting-6700-wealthy-migrants-by-2024-end-1.103170123 |access-date=18 June 2024 |website=gulfnews.com |language=en}}</ref>

=== VAT ===
The UAE government implemented [[value-added tax]] (VAT) in the country from 1 January 2018, at a standard rate of 5%.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Value Added Tax (VAT) – The Official Portal of the UAE Government |url=https://u.ae/en/information-and-services/finance-and-investment/taxation/valueaddedtaxvat#:~:text=The%20rate%20of%20VAT%20is,provide%20high-quality%20public%20services. |access-date=28 November 2022 |website=u.ae |language=en |archive-date=23 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323183006/https://u.ae/en/information-and-services/finance-and-investment/taxation/valueaddedtaxvat#:~:text=The%20rate%20of%20VAT%20is,provide%20high-quality%20public%20services. |url-status=live }}</ref>
While the government may still adjust the exact arrangement of the VAT, it is not likely that any new taxes will be introduced in the foreseeable future. Additional taxes would destroy one of the UAE's main enticements for businesses to operate in the country and put a heavy burden on the economy.<ref name=":2" />

=== Energy ===
{{main|Energy in the United Arab Emirates}}

{{see also|Solar power in the United Arab Emirates}}
[[File:ADNOC Refining Ruwais Site-187.jpg|thumb|[[Ruwais Refinery]] is the fourth-largest single-site oil refinery in the world and the biggest in the Middle East.]]

Oil and gas production is an important part of the economy of the UAE. In 2018, the oil and gas sector contributed 26% to overall GDP. The UAE leadership initiated economic diversification efforts even before the oil price crash in the 1980s, resulting in the UAE having the most diversified economy in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region at present. Although the oil and gas sector continues to be significant to the UAE economy, these efforts have yielded great resilience during periods of oil price fluctuations and economic turbulence. The introduction of the VAT has provided the government with an additional source of income – approximately 6% of the total revenue in 2018, or 27 billion [[United Arab Emirates dirham]] (AED) – affording its fiscal policy more independence from oil- and gas-related revenue, which constitutes about 36% of the total government revenue.

The [[Barakah nuclear power plant]] is the first on the Arabian peninsula and expected to reduce the carbon footprint of the country.<ref>Reuters. (19 January 2022). "Unit 2 of UAE's Barakah nuclear plant to start operations within months: ENEC CEO". [https://english.alarabiya.net/business/energy/2022/01/19/Unit-2-of-UAE-s-Barakah-nuclear-plant-to-start-operations-within-months-ENEC-CEO Al Arabiya website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122050656/https://english.alarabiya.net/business/energy/2022/01/19/Unit-2-of-UAE-s-Barakah-nuclear-plant-to-start-operations-within-months-ENEC-CEO |date=22 January 2022 }} Retrieved 22 January 2022.</ref>

The UAE has solar generation potential, and its energy policy has shifted due to the declining price of solar. The Dubai Clean Energy Strategy aims to provide 7 per cent of Dubai's energy from clean energy sources by 2020. It will increase this target to 25 per cent by 2030 and 75 per cent by 2050.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.thenationalnews.com/business/dubai-ruler-wants-solar-panels-on-every-roof-by-2030-1.68642|title = Dubai Ruler wants solar panels on every roof by 2030|date = 29 November 2015|access-date = 23 November 2023|archive-date = 2 June 2017|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170602173058/http://www.thenational.ae/business/energy/dubai-ruler-wants-solar-panels-on-every-roof-by-2030|url-status = live}}</ref>

In 2023, ADNOC and its CEO Sultan Al Jaber closed at least 20 business deals worth nearly $100 billion. The state oil firm was alleged of exploiting the UAE's COP28 presidency to pursue oil and gas deals. As per leaked documents, Al Jaber's team targeted 16 nations to lobby firms, delegates or ministers on such deals. ADNOC sought deals with companies from 12 countries, which included 11 of the 16 target nations. Al Jaber and senior ADNOC officials openly discussed deals. COP28 organising teams were excluded from meetings and replaced by ADNOC officials, leaving a closed group that made deals.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Galey|first=Patrick|title="I hope the younger generations can forgive us": State oil company pushed $100 billion of deals in UAE's year as COP28 host|url=https://www.globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/fossil-gas/i-hope-the-younger-generations-can-forgive-us-state-oil-company-pushed-100-billion-of-deals-in-uaes-year-as-cop28-host/|date=5 June 2024|website=Global Witness}}</ref>

=== Tourism ===
{{Main|Tourism in the United Arab Emirates}}

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Tourism acts as a growth sector for the entire UAE economy. [[Dubai]] is the top tourism destination in the Middle East.<ref name="tdb" /> According to the annual MasterCard Global Destination Cities Index, Dubai is the fifth most popular tourism destination in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gulfbusiness.com/2014/07/dubai-ranks-fifth-among-top-global-destinations-travellers/|title=Dubai Ranks Fifth Among Top Global Destinations For Travellers|work=Gulf Business|date=10 July 2014|access-date=4 February 2016|archive-date=17 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017061651/http://gulfbusiness.com/2014/07/dubai-ranks-fifth-among-top-global-destinations-travellers/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dubai holds up to 66% share of the UAE's tourism economy, with [[Abu Dhabi]] having 16% and [[Sharjah]] 10%. Dubai welcomed 10 million tourists in 2013.

The UAE has the most advanced and developed infrastructure in the region.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theprospectgroup.com/infrastructure-in-the-united-arab-emirates-uae-81876/|title=Infrastructure in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)|work=The Prospect Group|access-date=28 March 2024|archive-date=4 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604115052/https://www.theprospectgroup.com/infrastructure-in-the-united-arab-emirates-uae-81876/|url-status=live}}</ref> Since the 1980s, the UAE has been spending billions of dollars on infrastructure. These developments are particularly evident in the larger emirates of Abu Dhabi and Dubai. The northern emirates are rapidly following suit, providing major incentives for developers of residential and commercial property.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.slideshare.net/arunkodiyeri/uae-yearbook-2009 |title=UAE yearbook 2009 |publisher=Slideshare.net |date=13 April 2009 |access-date=28 March 2024 |archive-date=10 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010154156/https://www.slideshare.net/arunkodiyeri/uae-yearbook-2009 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Topic: Tourism industry of the UAE">{{cite web|title=Topic: Tourism industry of the UAE|url=https://www.statista.com/topics/4643/tourism-industry-of-the-uae/|access-date=31 July 2021|website=Statista|language=en|archive-date=11 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711045433/https://www.statista.com/topics/4643/tourism-industry-of-the-uae/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The inbound tourism expenditure in the UAE for 2019 accounted for 118.6 per cent share of the outbound tourism expenditure.<ref name="Topic: Tourism industry of the UAE" /> Since 6 January 2020, tourist visas to the United Arab Emirates are valid for five years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businessliveme.com/uae/uae-offers-5-year-tourist-visa-as-neighbors-vie-for-visitors/|title=UAE Offers 5-Year Tourist Visa as Neighbors Vie for Visitors|access-date=7 January 2020|website=Business Live Middle East|date=7 January 2020|archive-date=9 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809123314/https://www.businessliveme.com/uae/uae-offers-5-year-tourist-visa-as-neighbors-vie-for-visitors/|url-status=dead}}</ref> It has been projected that the travel and tourism industry will contribute about 280.6 billion United Arab Emirati dirham to the UAE's GDP by 2028.<ref name="Topic: Tourism industry of the UAE" />

The country's major tourist attraction includes the famous [[Burj Khalifa]] in [[Dubai]], the tallest tower in the world;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thearabianpost.com/burj-khalifa-is-dubais-most-visited-tourist-attraction/|title=Burj Khalifa is Dubai's most visited tourist attraction | Arabian Post|date=9 February 2014|access-date=10 August 2020|archive-date=10 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110025422/https://thearabianpost.com/burj-khalifa-is-dubais-most-visited-tourist-attraction/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[The World (archipelago)|The World archipelago]] and [[Palm Jumeirah]] also in Dubai;<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/world-islands|title=The World Islands|website=Atlas Obscura|access-date=10 August 2020|archive-date=17 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117223703/https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/world-islands|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque]] and [[Yas Marina Circuit]] in [[Abu Dhabi]]; [[Al Hajar Mountains]] in [[Fujairah]]. The uniqueness of the country's natural desert life, especially with the [[Bedouins]], also facilitates the country's tourist industry.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://connectwithnature.ae/knowledge-hub/habitat-desert|title=Habitat: Desert | Connect With Nature|website=connectwithnature.ae|access-date=10 August 2020|archive-date=15 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815161729/https://connectwithnature.ae/knowledge-hub/habitat-desert|url-status=live}}</ref>

The UAE will diversify its tourism sector with the introduction of [[casino]] gambling. [[Wynn Al Marjan Island]] in [[Ras Al Khaimah]] will feature the first casino in the country and will also be the country's first [[integrated resort]] when it opens in March 2027.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://agbrief.com/intel/deep-dive/06/10/2024/wynn-resorts-granted-gaming-license-in-uae/|title=Wynn Resorts granted gaming license in the UAE | AGB|date=6 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2024-10-07/uae-casinos-wynn-gets-gaming-license-as-it-builds-ras-al-khaimah-resort|title=UAE's $7 Billion Gaming Jackpot Draws Closer With Wynn License|date=7 October 2024|via=www.bloomberg.com}}</ref><ref>[https://igamingbusiness.com/casino/wynn-resorts-uae-casino-open-march-2027/ Wynn Resorts' UAE casino to open in March 2027]</ref>

[[Abu Dhabi]] is set to become the home of [[Disneyland Abu Dhabi]], the first Disney theme park in the Middle East.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/alisondurkee/2025/05/07/disney-is-building-a-new-theme-park-in-abu-dhabi-heres-what-we-know/|title=Disneyland Abu Dhabi: Here's What We Know About Disney's New Theme Park|first=Alison|last=Durkee|website=Forbes}}</ref>

=== Transport ===
{{Main|Transport in the United Arab Emirates}}

[[Dubai International Airport]] became the [[World's busiest airports by international passenger traffic|busiest airport in the world by international passenger traffic]] in 2014, overtaking [[Heathrow Airport|London Heathrow]].<ref>{{Cite news|url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/transport/11372616/Dubai-overtakes-Heathrow-to-become-worlds-busiest-airport.html|title = Dubai Overtakes Heathrow To Become World's Busiest|last = Anderson|first = Elizabeth|date = 27 January 2015|work = The Telegraph|access-date = 12 February 2015|archive-date = 1 March 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220301145021/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/transport/11372616/Dubai-overtakes-Heathrow-to-become-worlds-busiest-airport.html|url-status = live}}</ref> [[Abu Dhabi International Airport]] is the second-largest airport in the UAE. Due to the announced expansion of [[Al Maktoum International Airport|Al Maktoum Airport]] on 28 April 2024, Dubai International Airport will be shut down once Al Maktoum Airport expansion will be completed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kamel |first=Deena |date=29 April 2024 |title=Dubai to scrap dual airport operations once move to mega-hub at Al Maktoum is complete |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/business/aviation/2024/04/29/dubai-to-scrap-dual-airport-operations-once-move-to-mega-hub-at-al-maktoum-is-complete/ |access-date=1 May 2024 |website=The National |language=en}}</ref>

[[File:Dubai Roads on 8 May 2008 Pict 2.jpg|thumb|[[E 311 road (United Arab Emirates)|E 311]], a major road in the UAE]]

[[Abu Dhabi]], [[Dubai]], [[Sharjah]], [[Ajman]], [[Umm Al Quwain]], and [[Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah|Ras Al Khaimah]] are connected by the [[E 11 road (United Arab Emirates)|E11 highway]], which is the longest road in the UAE. In Dubai, in addition to the [[Dubai Metro]], The [[Dubai Tram]] and [[Palm Jumeirah Monorail]] also connect specific parts of the city. There is also a bus, taxi, abra (traditional boat), and water taxi network run by RTA. [[Dubai Trolley|T1]], a double-decker tram system in [[Downtown Dubai]], were operational from 2015 to 2019.

Salik, meaning "open" or "clear", is Dubai's electronic toll collection system that was launched in July 2007 and is part of Dubai's traffic congestion management system. Each time one passes through a Salik tolling point, a toll is deducted from the drivers' prepaid toll account using advanced Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. There are four Salik tolling points placed in strategic locations in Dubai: at [[Al Maktoum Bridge]], [[Al Garhoud Bridge]], and along [[Sheikh Zayed road|Sheikh Zayed Road]] at [[Al Safa]] and [[Al Barsha]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Salik|title=Home|url=https://www.salik.rta.ae/en|access-date=2 August 2021|website=Salik|language=en|archive-date=2 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802102556/https://www.salik.rta.ae/en|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:5018 Dubai Metro in Dubai UAE.png|thumb|A [[Dubai Metro]] train. Dubai Metro is the Arabian peninsula's first [[rapid transit]] system and was the world's longest driverless metro network until 2016.]]

A {{convert|1200|km|mi|abbr=on}} [[Rail transport in the United Arab Emirates|country-wide railway]] is under construction which will connect all the major cities and ports.<ref name="IRJMar12">{{cite news|url=http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/freight/from-sand-to-sea.html|title=From sand to sea|work=International Railway Journal|date=21 March 2012|access-date=28 March 2024|archive-date=23 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323024811/http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/freight/from-sand-to-sea.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Dubai Metro]] is the first urban train network in the [[Arabian Peninsula]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8247330.stm|title=Will metro change Dubai car culture?|date=11 September 2009|work=BBC News|access-date=11 October 2009|archive-date=16 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090916041627/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8247330.stm|url-status=live}}</ref>

The major ports of the United Arab Emirates are [[Khalifa Port]], [[Zayed Port]], Port [[Jebel Ali]], [[Port Rashid]], [[Port Khalid Sharjah|Port Khalid]], [[Port Saeed]], and Port Khor Fakkan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uae.gov.ae/Government/ports.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080714124311/http://www.uae.gov.ae/Government/ports.htm|archive-date=14 July 2008 |title=UAE Ports |publisher=Uae.gov.ae }}</ref> The Emirates are increasingly developing their logistics and ports in order to participate in trade between Europe and China or Africa. For this purpose, ports are being rapidly expanded and investments are being made in their technology.

The Emirates have historically been and currently still are part of the Maritime [[Silk Road]] that runs from the Chinese coast to the south via the southern tip of India to [[Mombasa]], from there through the Red Sea via the [[Suez Canal]] to the Mediterranean, there to the Upper Adriatic region and the northern Italian hub of [[Trieste]] with its rail connections to [[Central Europe]], Eastern Europe, and the [[North Sea]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/wadeshepard/2017/08/02/next-up-abu-dhabi-chinas-maritime-silk-road-breaks-into-the-middle-east/|title=Next Up On China's Maritime Silk Road: Abu Dhabi|first=Wade|last=Shepard|website=Forbes|access-date=28 March 2021|archive-date=11 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111001629/https://www.forbes.com/sites/wadeshepard/2017/08/02/next-up-abu-dhabi-chinas-maritime-silk-road-breaks-into-the-middle-east/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1418636/business-economy|title=China flags up UAE as Silk Road mega-hub with $300m port deal|date=10 December 2018|website=Arab News|access-date=28 March 2021|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512055544/https://www.arabnews.com/node/1418636/business-economy|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Telecommunications ===
The United Arab Emirates is served by two [[telecommunications]] operators, [[Etisalat]] and [[Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company]] ("du"). Etisalat operated a [[monopoly]] until du launched mobile services in February 2007.<ref name=etisalatmon>{{cite web |url=http://opennet.net/sites/opennet.net/files/united_arab_emirates.pdf |title=United Arab Emirates |work=OpenNet Interactive |access-date=22 June 2009 |archive-date=9 September 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080909194905/http://opennet.net/sites/opennet.net/files/united_arab_emirates.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Internet subscribers were expected to increase from 0.904 million in 2007 to 2.66 million in 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://emiratesseo.com/uae-telecom-market-grows-competition/ |title=UAE telecom market grows with competition | Mobile telecomms report |publisher=Ameinfo.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214221608/http://emiratesseo.com/uae-telecom-market-grows-competition/ |archive-date=14 December 2014 }}</ref> The regulator, the [[Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (UAE)|Telecommunications Regulatory Authority]], mandates filtering websites for religious, political, and sexual content.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/uae-reports-high-website-censorship-1.556197/ |title=UAE reports high website censorship |work=The National Newspaper |date=12 June 2009 |access-date=1 January 2012 |archive-date=1 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110901201621/http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/uae-reports-high-website-censorship |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[5G]] wireless services were installed nationwide in 2019 through a partnership with [[Huawei]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/technology/uae-ready-for-fast-lane-with-5g---|title=UAE ready for fast lane with 5G in 2019|author=Khaleej Times|date=17 February 2019|access-date=30 March 2019|archive-date=30 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330041759/https://www.khaleejtimes.com/technology/uae-ready-for-fast-lane-with-5g---|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
{{Main|Demographics of the United Arab Emirates}}

{{wide image|Dubai banner 2.jpg|700px|The skyline of [[Dubai]], the largest city in the United Arab Emirates}}
According to an estimate by the [[World Bank]], the UAE's population in 2020 was 9,890,400. Immigrants accounted for 88.52% while Emiratis made up the remaining 11.48%.<ref>{{cite web|title=UAE Population Statistics|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=AE|access-date=4 October 2021|archive-date=4 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004091449/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=AE|url-status=live}}</ref> This unique imbalance is due to the country's exceptionally high [[net migration rate]] of 21.71, the [[List of countries by net migration rate|world's highest]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2112rank.html?countryName=India&countryCode=in&regionCode=sas&rank=85#in |title=Net migration rate |publisher=Cia.gov |access-date=9 March 2010 |archive-date=8 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308042938/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2112rank.html?countryName=India&countryCode=in&regionCode=sas&rank=85#in |url-status=dead }}</ref> UAE citizenship is very difficult to obtain other than by [[filiation]] and only granted under very special circumstances.<ref>{{cite web |title=UAE nationality |url=https://u.ae/en/information-and-services/passports-and-traveling/uae-nationality |website=u.ae |access-date=10 December 2020 |archive-date=24 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524135159/https://u.ae/en/information-and-services/passports-and-traveling/uae-nationality |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Palm jumeirah core.jpg|thumb|Residential villas in the [[Palm Jumeirah]] palm fronds in [[Dubai]]]]

The UAE is ethnically diverse. The five most populous nationalities in the emirates of Dubai, Sharjah, and Ajman are Indian (25%), Pakistani (12%), Emirati (9%), Bangladeshi (7%), and Filipino (5%).<ref>{{cite web|title = Indians, Pakistanis make up 37% of Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman population|url = http://gulfnews.com/news/uae/society/indians-pakistanis-make-up-37-of-dubai-sharjah-ajman-population-1.1562336|website = gulfnews.com|date = 6 August 2015|access-date = 7 August 2015|archive-date = 29 July 2018|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180729141543/https://gulfnews.com/news/uae/society/indians-pakistanis-make-up-37-of-dubai-sharjah-ajman-population-1.1562336|url-status = live}}</ref> Immigrants from Europe, Australia, and North America make up around 100,000 of the population.<ref name="arabianbusiness.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.arabianbusiness.com/uae-population-hits-6m-emiratis-make-up-16-5--12137.html|title=UAE population hits 6 m, Emiratis make up 16.5%|author=Sambidge, Andy|newspaper=Arabian Business|date=7 October 2009|publisher=ArabianBusiness.com|access-date=1 January 2012|archive-date=14 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114034427/http://www.arabianbusiness.com/uae-population-hits-6m-emiratis-make-up-16-5--12137.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Mcintosh |first=Lindsay |url=http://www.scotsman.com/news/terror_red_alert_for_100_000_british_expats_in_dubai_1_1173062 |title=Terror red alert for 100,000 British expats in Dubai |work=The Scotsman |date=16 June 2008 |access-date=1 January 2012 |archive-date=21 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821223235/https://www.scotsman.com/news/terror_red_alert_for_100_000_british_expats_in_dubai_1_1173062 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Whittell, Giles |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article7061449.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525100904/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article7061449.ece |archive-date=25 May 2010 |title=British pair face jail for kissing in Dubai restaurant |work=The Times |date=15 March 2010}}</ref> The rest of the population are from other [[Arab World|Arab states]].<ref name="WorldFactbook">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-arab-emirates/|title=United Arab Emirates|work=CIA World Factbook|date=10 May 2022|access-date=23 January 2021|archive-date=7 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107081049/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-arab-emirates/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.arabnews.com/?page=7&section=0&article=53888&d=3&m=11&y=2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120709123331/http://archive.arabnews.com/?page=7&section=0&article=53888&d=3&m=11&y=2004|archive-date=9 July 2012|title=Editorial: The Ideal Prince |publisher=Arabnews.com |date=3 November 2004 }}</ref>

About 88% of the population of the United Arab Emirates is urban.<ref>{{cite web|title=Table 3.10 Urbanization |work=World Development Indicators |url=http://devdata.worldbank.org/wdipdfs/table3_10.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325215156/http://devdata.worldbank.org/wdipdfs/table3_10.pdf |archive-date=25 March 2009 |url-status=unfit }}</ref> The average [[List of countries by life expectancy|life expectancy]] was 76.7 in 2012, higher than for any other Arab country.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2102rank.html?countryName=United%20Arab%20Emirates&countryCode=ae&regionCode=mde&rank=71#ae |title=Life expectancy at birth |work=The World Factbook |access-date=14 September 2012 |archive-date=6 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306230455/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2102rank.html?countryName=United%20Arab%20Emirates&countryCode=ae&regionCode=mde&rank=71#ae |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="uaeinteract2">{{cite web |url=http://www.uaeinteract.com/docs/Average_life_expectancy_in_UAE_rises_to_75_years/7752.htm |title=Average life expectancy in UAE rises to 75 years |publisher=Uaeinteract.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611161529/http://www.uaeinteract.com/docs/Average_life_expectancy_in_UAE_rises_to_75_years/7752.htm |archive-date=11 June 2009 }}</ref> With a male/female [[human sex ratio|sex ratio]] of 2.2 males for each female in the total population and 2.75 to 1 for the 15–65 [[Demographic profile|age group]], the UAE's [[Gender mortality differentials|gender imbalance]] is second highest in the world after Qatar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2018.html |title=Sex ratio |work=The World Factbook |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016065003/https://www.cia.gov/library//publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2018.html |archive-date=16 October 2013 }}</ref>

=== Largest cities ===
{{Largest cities
| country = the United Arab Emirates
| stat_ref = 2023 Calculation
| list_by_pop = List of cities in the United Arab Emirates
| div_name = Emirate
| city_1 = Dubai | div_1 = Emirate of Dubai{{!}}Dubai | pop_1 = 3,564,931
| city_2 = Abu Dhabi | div_2 = Emirate of Abu Dhabi{{!}}Abu Dhabi | pop_2 = 1,807,000
| city_3 = Sharjah | div_3 = Sharjah (emirate){{!}}Sharjah | pop_3 = 1,405,000
| city_4 = Al Ain | div_4 = Emirate of Abu Dhabi{{!}}Abu Dhabi | pop_4 = 846,747
| city_5 = Ajman | div_5 = Emirate of Ajman{{!}}Ajman | pop_5 = 490,035
| city_6 = Ras Al Khaimah | div_6 = Ras al Khaimah | pop_6 = 191,753
| city_7 = Fujairah | div_7 = Emirate of Fujairah{{!}}Fujairah| pop_7 = 118,933
| city_8 = Umm Al Quwain | div_8 = Emirate of Umm Al Quwain{{!}}Umm Al Quwain | pop_8 = 59,098
| city_9 = Khor Fakkan | div_9 = Sharjah (emirate){{!}}Sharjah | pop_9 = 53,000
| city_10 = Kalba| div_10 = Sharjah (emirate){{!}}Sharjah | pop_10 = 51,000
}}

=== Language ===
[[Modern Standard Arabic]] is the national language of the United Arab Emirates. English is the most commonly spoken language,<ref name="Siemund"/><ref name="visitdubai"/> following [[British English]] conventions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2024 |title=[Pilot Johan's Arabian Nights-18]The language of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is Arabic, as its na.. - MK |url=https://www.mk.co.kr/en/world/10979447 |access-date=29 March 2025 |website=매일경제 |language=en}}</ref> [[Emirati Arabic]], a variety of [[Gulf Arabic]], is spoken natively by Emirati people.<ref>{{cite book|last=Christensen|first=Shane|title=Frommer's Dubai|year=2010|isbn=978-0-470-71178-1|page=174|publisher=Wiley }}</ref>

=== Religion ===
{{Main|Religion in the United Arab Emirates}}

[[File:Sheikh Zayed Mosque view.jpg|thumb|[[Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque]] in Abu Dhabi]]

[[Islam]] is the largest and the official [[state religion]] of the United Arab Emirates. The government follows a policy of tolerance toward other religions and rarely interferes in the religious activities of non-Muslims.<ref name=US2022 />

There are more [[Sunni]] than [[Shiite|Shia]] Muslims in the United Arab Emirates,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html?countryName=Pakistan&countryCode=pk&regionCode=sas&#pk|publisher=CIA|title=The World Factbook|access-date=13 March 2021|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226143549/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html?countryName=Pakistan&countryCode=pk&regionCode=sas&#pk|url-status=dead}}</ref> and 85% of the Emirati population are Sunni Muslims with most of them adhering to the [[Maliki school]] of [[Islamic jurisprudence|jurisprudence]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khashan |first=Hilal |date=29 November 2021 |title=For the UAE, Change Is an Existential Threat |url=https://geopoliticalfutures.com/for-the-uae-change-is-an-existential-threat/ |access-date=7 September 2025 |website=Geopolitical Futures |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=United Arab Emirates |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2001/5713.htm |access-date=7 September 2025 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> The vast majority of the remainder 15% are Shia Muslims, who are concentrated in the [[Emirate of Dubai|Emirates of Dubai]] and [[Emirate of Sharjah|Sharjah]]. Although no official statistics are available for the breakdown between Sunni and Shia Muslims among noncitizen residents, media estimates suggest less than 20% of the noncitizen Muslim population are Shia.<ref name=US2022 /> The Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque in Abu Dhabi is the largest mosque in the country and a major tourist attraction. [[Ibadi]] is common among Omanis in the UAE, while [[Sufi]] influences exist as well.<ref>{{cite web|date=16 April 2018|title=The Return of Sufism to the UAE|url=https://mesbar.org/the-return-of-sufism-to-the-uae/|access-date=29 July 2021|website=Al-Mesbar Center|language=en-US|archive-date=1 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801111319/https://mesbar.org/the-return-of-sufism-to-the-uae/|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Christians]] account for 9% of the total population of the United Arab Emirates, according to the 2005 census; estimates in 2010 suggested a figure of 12.6%.<ref name=US2022>{{Cite web |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/united-arab-emirates/ |title=US State Dept 2022 report |access-date=23 September 2023 |archive-date=23 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123181029/https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/united-arab-emirates |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Roman Catholicism in the United Arab Emirates|Roman Catholics]] and [[Protestantism in the United Arab Emirates|Protestants]] form significant proportions of the Christian minority. The country has over 52 churches in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1309836/uae-number-of-places-of-worship-by-type/ |title=Statista.com website, retrieved 2023-08-28 |access-date=23 September 2023 |archive-date=29 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929012922/https://www.statista.com/statistics/1309836/uae-number-of-places-of-worship-by-type/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Many Christians in the United Arab Emirates are of Asian, African, and European origin, along with fellow Middle Eastern countries such as Lebanon, Syria, and Egypt.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.refdag.nl/nieuws/groeiende_en_vitale_kerk_in_arabische_golf_1_494237 |title=Groeiende en vitale kerk in Arabische Golf – Nieuws – Reformatorisch Dagblad |publisher=Refdag.nl |access-date=24 November 2010 |archive-date=12 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212212531/https://www.rd.nl/groeiende-en-vitale-kerk-in-arabische-golf-1.565863 |url-status=live }}</ref> The United Arab Emirates forms part of the [[Roman Catholic Vicariate Apostolic of Southern Arabia|Apostolic Vicariate of Southern Arabia]] and the Vicar Apostolic Bishop [[Paul Hinder]] is based in [[Abu Dhabi]].<ref>{{cite web|date=21 March 2005 |title=New Apostolic Vicar for Arabia Appointed |work=[[Zenit News Agency]] |url=http://www.zenit.org/article-12565?l=english |access-date=21 November 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607230554/http://www.zenit.org/article-12565?l=english |archive-date=7 June 2011 }}</ref>

There is a small [[Jews|Jewish]] community in the United Arab Emirates. Before 2023, there was only one known [[synagogue]] in [[Dubai]], which has been open since 2008 and the synagogue also welcomes visitors.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/for-the-first-time-dubais-jewish-community-steps-hesitantly-out-of-the-shadows/|title=For the first time, Dubai's Jewish community steps hesitantly out of the shadows|last=Herschlag|first=Miriam|website=[[The Times of Israel]]|language=en-US|access-date=6 December 2018|archive-date=24 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224220136/https://www.timesofisrael.com/for-the-first-time-dubais-jewish-community-steps-hesitantly-out-of-the-shadows/|url-status=live |issn=0040-7909}}</ref> Another synagogue, [[Moses Ben Maimon Synagogue]], was completed in 2023 as part of the [[Abrahamic Family House]] complex in [[Abu Dhabi]]. As of 2019, according to Rabbi [[Marc Schneier]] of the [[Foundation for Ethnic Understanding]], it is estimated that there are about 150 families to 3,000 Jews who live and worship freely in the UAE.<ref name=Ynt>{{cite news|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5458305,00.html|title=The Jews of Dubai are on the map|publisher=ynetnews.com|date=5 February 2019|access-date=20 November 2020|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011051727/https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5458305,00.html/|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{bar box
|title=Religions in UAE in 2010 ([[Pew Research Center|Pew Research]])<ref name=pew>[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/united-arab-emirates/religious_demography#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year = 2010 Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: United Arab Emirates] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180814201444/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/united-arab-emirates/religious_demography#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year |date=14 August 2018 }}. [[Pew Research Center]]. 2010.</ref><ref>[https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2007/90223.htm United Arab Emirates] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204132631/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2007/90223.htm |date=4 December 2019 }}. International Religious Freedom Report 2007. State.gov. Retrieved 27 September 2013.</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Per cent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Islam in the United Arab Emirates|Islam]]|green|76}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in the United Arab Emirates|Christianity]]|blue|13}}
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in the United Arab Emirates|Hinduism]]|orange|7}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhism in the United Arab Emirates|Buddhism]]|yellow|2}}
{{bar percent|[[Freedom of religion in the United Arab Emirates|Other]]|gray|1}}
{{bar percent|[[Irreligion in the United Arab Emirates|None]]|black|1}}
}}

South Asians in the United Arab Emirates constitute the largest ethnic group in the country.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bq-magazine.com/economy/socioeconomics/2015/04/uae-population-by-nationality |title=UAE's population – by nationality |publisher=bq magazine |date=12 April 2015 |access-date=20 December 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321184658/http://www.bq-magazine.com/economy/socioeconomics/2015/04/uae-population-by-nationality |archive-date=21 March 2017 }}</ref> Over 2 million Indian migrants (mostly from the southern states of [[Kerala]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Kanara|Coastal Karnataka]], and [[Tamil Nadu]]) are estimated to be living in the UAE.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/03/03/india-is-a-top-source-and-destination-for-worlds-migrants/|title=India is a top source and destination for world's migrants|website=Pew Research Center|date=3 March 2017|language=en-US|access-date=9 September 2019|archive-date=1 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001211840/http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/03/03/india-is-a-top-source-and-destination-for-worlds-migrants/|url-status=live}}</ref> There are currently three Hindu temples in the country. Other religions also exist in the United Arab Emirates, including [[Jainism]], [[Sikhism]], [[Buddhism]], [[Judaism]], [[Baháʼí Faith|Baháʼís]], and [[Druze]].<ref name=religiousfreedom />

The UAE Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Co-operation, [[Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan|Abdullah bin Zayed]], announced in 2019 the design and construction plan of the [[Abrahamic Family House]], which will serve as an interfaith complex that houses a [[synagogue]], [[mosque]], and a [[Church (building)|church]] on [[Saadiyat Island]] in [[Abu Dhabi]].<ref>{{cite web|title=First images of Abu Dhabi's Abrahamic Family House under construction released|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/heritage/first-images-of-abu-dhabi-s-abrahamic-family-house-under-construction-released-1.1241661|access-date=29 July 2021|website=The National|date=15 June 2021|archive-date=26 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226170031/https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/heritage/first-images-of-abu-dhabi-s-abrahamic-family-house-under-construction-released-1.1241661|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Education ===
{{Main|Education in the United Arab Emirates}}

[[File:UniversityCityHall.jpg|thumb|University City Hall is the largest building located in [[Sharjah University City|University City]] in [[Sharjah]]. Graduation ceremonies of [[American University of Sharjah]], [[University of Sharjah]], and [[Higher Colleges of Technology]] are notably held here.]]

The [[education]] system through secondary level is administered by the [[Ministry of Education (United Arab Emirates)|Ministry of Education]] in all emirates except Abu Dhabi, where it falls under the authority of the [[Abu Dhabi Department of Education and Knowledge|Department of Education and Knowledge]]. Public schools are divided into [[primary school]]s, [[middle school]]s, and [[High Schools|high schools]]. The public schools are government-funded and the curriculum is created to match the United Arab Emirates' development goals. The medium of instruction in the public school is Arabic with emphasis on English as a second language. There are also many private schools which are internationally accredited. [[Public school (government funded)|Public schools]] in the country are free for citizens of the UAE, while the fees for private schools vary.

The higher education system is monitored by the Ministry of Higher Education. The ministry also is responsible for admitting students to its [[undergraduate education|undergraduate]] institutions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aud.edu/Admissions/undergraduate_req.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224200815/http://aud.edu/Admissions/undergraduate_req.asp |archive-date=24 December 2010 |title=American University in Dubai. Undergraduate : Admission |work=Aud.edu }}</ref> The adult literacy rate in 2015 was 93.8%.<ref name="WorldFactbook" />

The UAE has shown a strong interest in improving education and research. Enterprises include the establishment of the [[CERT Group of Companies|CERT]] Research Centres and the [[Masdar Institute of Science and Technology]] and Institute for Enterprise Development.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.masdar.ac.ae/institute/index.aspx?mi=mi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080731123515/http://www.masdar.ac.ae/institute/index.aspx?mi=mi |archive-date=31 July 2008 |title=MASDAR | Profile |date=31 July 2008 }}</ref> According to the QS Rankings, the top-ranking universities in the country are the [[United Arab Emirates University]] (421–430th worldwide), [[Khalifa University]]<ref>[http://www.topuniversities.com/universities/khalifa-university/undergrad Khalifa University | Undergraduate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223154425/http://www.topuniversities.com/universities/khalifa-university/undergrad |date=23 February 2015 }}. Top Universities. Retrieved 10 October 2015.</ref> (441–450th worldwide), the [[American University of Sharjah]] (431–440th), and [[University of Sharjah]] (551–600th worldwide).<ref>[http://www.topuniversities.com/node/4392/ranking-details/world-university-rankings/2013 American University of Sharjah Rankings] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531003409/http://www.topuniversities.com/node/4392/ranking-details/world-university-rankings/2013 |date=31 May 2014 }}. Top Universities. Retrieved 26 November 2015.</ref> United Arab Emirates was ranked 33rd in the [[Global Innovation Index]] in 2021, up from 36th in 2019.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Global Innovation Index 2021 |url=https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/en/2021/ |access-date=5 March 2022 |work=[[World Intellectual Property Organization]] |publisher=[[United Nations]] |language=en |archive-date=20 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920133358/https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/en/2021/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Global Innovation Index 2019|url=https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/en/2019/index.html|access-date=2 September 2021|website=www.wipo.int|language=en|archive-date=2 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902101818/https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/en/2019/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=RTD – Item|url=https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/rtd/items/691898|access-date=2 September 2021|website=ec.europa.eu|archive-date=2 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902140715/https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/rtd/items/691898|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=28 October 2013|title=Global Innovation Index|url=https://knowledge.insead.edu/entrepreneurship-innovation/global-innovation-index-2930|access-date=2 September 2021|website=INSEAD Knowledge|language=en|archive-date=2 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902101622/https://knowledge.insead.edu/entrepreneurship-innovation/global-innovation-index-2930|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Health ===
{{Main|Health in the United Arab Emirates}}

In 2018, the life expectancy at birth in the UAE was 76.96 years.<ref>[http://www.geoba.se/population.php?pc=world&type=15 Gazetteer – The World – Life Expectancy – Top 100+ By Country (2018)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161120052840/http://www.geoba.se/population.php?pc=world&type=15 |date=20 November 2016 }}. Geoba.se (28 April 2016). Retrieved on 21 August 2018.</ref> [[Cardiovascular disease]] is the principal cause of death in the UAE, constituting 28% of total deaths; other major causes are [[accident]]s and [[injury|injuries]], [[Cancer|malignancies]], and [[congenital disorder|congenital anomalies]].<ref name=cp>{{cite web |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/UAE.pdf |title=United Arab Emirates country profile |work=Library of Congress |access-date=20 June 2009 |archive-date=26 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226005533/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/UAE.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> According to [[List of countries by Body Mass Index (BMI)#WHO Data on Prevalence of Obesity (BMI above 30) (2016)|World Health Organization data from 2016]], 34.5% of adults in the UAE are clinically [[Obesity|obese]], with a [[body mass index]] (BMI) score of 30 or more.<ref>{{cite web|title=Prevalence of obesity, ages 18+, 2010–2014|url=http://gamapserver.who.int/gho/interactive_charts/ncd/risk_factors/obesity/atlas.html|website=WHO|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=26 February 2016|archive-date=20 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191120191542/http://gamapserver.who.int/gho/interactive_charts/ncd/risk_factors/obesity/atlas.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In February 2008, the Ministry of Health unveiled a five-year health strategy for the public health sector in the northern emirates, which fall under its purview and which, unlike Abu Dhabi and Dubai, do not have separate healthcare authorities. The strategy focuses on unifying healthcare policy and improving access to healthcare services at reasonable cost, at the same time reducing dependence on overseas treatment. The ministry plans to add three hospitals to the current 14, and 29 primary healthcare centres to the current 86. Nine were scheduled to open in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uae.gov.ae/Government/health.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612101330/http://www.uae.gov.ae/Government/health.htm|archive-date=12 June 2008 |title=UAE Health |publisher=Uae.gov.ae }}</ref>

The introduction of mandatory [[health insurance]] in Abu Dhabi for [[expatriate]]s and their dependents was a major driver in reform of healthcare policy. Abu Dhabi nationals were brought under the scheme in June 2008 and Dubai followed for its government employees. Eventually, under federal law, every Emirati and expatriate in the country will be covered by compulsory health insurance under a unified mandatory scheme.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/health/health-cover-is-mandatory-1.43089 |author=El Shammaa, Dina |title=Health cover is mandatory |work=Gulf News |date=3 January 2009 |access-date=1 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112123918/http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/health/health-cover-is-mandatory-1.43089 |archive-date=12 January 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The UAE has benefited from medical tourists from all over the [[Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf]]. The UAE attracts [[medical tourism|medical tourists]] seeking [[cosmetic surgery]] and advanced procedures, cardiac and spinal surgery, and dental treatment, as health services have higher standards than other Arab countries in the Persian Gulf.<ref name="thenational.ae">{{cite web|author=Detrie, Megan |url=http://www.thenational.ae/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20091116/NATIONAL/711159830/1010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091124064723/http://www.thenational.ae/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20091116%2FNATIONAL%2F711159830%2F1010 |archive-date=24 November 2009 |title=Dubai has eye on medical tourism |work=The National Newspaper |date=15 November 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Culture ==
{{Main|Culture of the United Arab Emirates}}

[[File:UAE Folk Dance- Khaliji.jpg|thumb|Women in an Emirati folk dance.]]

Emirati culture is based on [[Arabian culture]] and has been influenced by the cultures of [[Persians|Persia]], [[India]], and [[East Africa]].<ref name="folk" /> Arabian and [[Persian architecture|Arabian inspired architecture]] is part of the expression of the local Emirati identity.<ref name="loc">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SkCtS-n7GEEC&pg=PA430 |title=Handbook of Islamic Marketing|page=430|quote=Arabian and Persian inspired architecture is part of the expression of a 'local' identity|isbn=978-0-85793-602-8|last1=Sandıkcı|first1=Özlem|last2=Rice|first2=Gillian|year= 2011|publisher=Edward Elgar }}</ref> Arabian influence on Emirati culture is noticeably visible in traditional Emirati architecture and [[folk arts]].<ref name="folk">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UMldAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA167 |title=Folklore and Folklife in the United Arab Emirates|page=167 |isbn=978-1-136-84907-7|last1=Hurriez|first1=Sayyid Hamid|year=2013|publisher=Routledge }}</ref> For example, the distinctive wind tower that tops traditional Emirati buildings, the ''[[barjeel]]'', has become an identifying mark of Emirati architecture and is attributed to Arabian influence.<ref name="folk" /> This influence is derived both from traders who fled the tax regime in Persia in the early 19th century and from Emirati ownership of ports on the Arabian coast, for instance the Al Qassimi port of Lingeh.<ref>{{Cite book|title=United Arab Emirates: A New Perspective|last=Hellyer|first=Peter|publisher=Trident|year=2001|isbn=978-1-900724-47-0|page=181}}</ref>

Major holidays in the United Arab Emirates include ''[[Eid ul-Fitr|Eid al Fitr]]'', which marks the end of ''[[Ramadan]]'', and [[National Day (United Arab Emirates)|National Day]] (2 December), which marks the formation of the United Arab Emirates.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gowealthy.com/gowealthy/wcms/en/home/articles/entertainment/events-and-festivals/Official-holidays-in-UAE-kvOQ0zrKKl.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080503011056/http://www.gowealthy.com/gowealthy/wcms/en/home/articles/entertainment/events-and-festivals/Official-holidays-in-UAE-kvOQ0zrKKl.html|archive-date=3 May 2008 |title=Official holidays in UAE |publisher=Gowealthy.com }}</ref>

Literature and other written works by modern Emiratis are not well known globally because the majority of writers in country do not publish in English, women are restricted from participating in traditional literary groups, and freedom of expression is surpessed.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hambuch |first1=Doris |last2=Al Tenaijy |first2=Moza |last3=Aldarmaki |first3=Aisha Khamis |last4=Alblooshi |first4=Ali Nawab |date=31 December 2025 |title=Literary Translingualism in the United Arab Emirates: Anglophone Emirati prose and poetry |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2025.2534252 |journal=Cogent Arts & Humanities |volume=12 |issue=1 |article-number=2534252 |doi=10.1080/23311983.2025.2534252|doi-access=free }}</ref> The earliest known poet in the UAE is [[Ibn Majid]], born between 1432 and 1437 in Ras Al-Khaimah. The most famous Emirati writers were Mubarak Al Oqaili (1880–1954), Salem bin Ali al Owais (1887–1959), and Ahmed bin Sulayem (1905–1976). Three other poets from Sharjah, known as the Hirah group, are observed to have been heavily influenced by the Apollo and [[Romantic poetry|Romantic poets]].<ref name="poetry">{{cite web|url=http://www.visitabudhabi.ae/en/what.to.do/art.and.culture/literature.and.poetry.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008014601/http://www.visitabudhabi.ae/en/what.to.do/art.and.culture/literature.and.poetry.aspx |archive-date=8 October 2011 |title=Literature and poetry |publisher=Visitabudhabi.ae |date=1 July 2009 }}</ref> The [[Sharjah International Book Fair]] is the oldest and largest in the country.

Traditional folk dances, such as [[Al Ayyala dance|''Al-Ayyala'']], are performed by men and women in the UAE during festivals, holidays, and weddings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Al-Ayyala, a traditional performing art of the Sultanate of Oman and the United Arab Emirates - UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage |url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/al-ayyala-a-traditional-performing-art-of-the-sultanate-of-oman-and-the-united-arab-emirates-01012 |access-date=13 November 2025 |website=ich.unesco.org |language=en}}</ref> [[Liwa (music)|Liwa]] is a type of music and dance performed locally, mainly in communities that contain descendants of [[Bantu peoples]] from the [[African Great Lakes]] region.<ref name="poetry" />

The [[list of museums in the United Arab Emirates]] includes some of regional repute, most famously [[Sharjah (city)|Sharjah]] with its Heritage District containing 17 museums,<ref>[http://www.sharjahmuseums.ae/ Sharjah Museums Department] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110222082532/http://www.sharjahmuseums.ae/ |date=22 February 2011 }}. sharjahmuseums.ae</ref> which in 1998 was the Cultural Capital of the Arab World.<ref>{{cite web|date=18 October 2009 |url=http://www.sharjahtourism.ae/en/category/about-sharjah/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202124611/http://www.sharjahtourism.ae/en/category/about-sharjah/ |archive-date=2 February 2009 |title=About Sharjah – Sharjah Commerce Tourism Development Authority |publisher=Sharjahtourism.ae}}</ref> In Dubai, the area of [[Al Quoz]] has attracted a number of art galleries as well as museums such as the [[Salsali Private Museum]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Dubai FAQs |url=http://www.dubaifaqs.com/art-galleries-in-dubai.php |title=Art Galleries Dubai |publisher=Dubaifaqs.com |access-date=28 March 2024 |archive-date=29 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729020639/http://www.dubaifaqs.com/art-galleries-in-dubai.php |url-status=live }}</ref> Abu Dhabi has established a culture district on [[Saadiyat Island]]. Six grand projects are planned, including the [[Guggenheim Abu Dhabi]] and the [[Louvre Abu Dhabi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saadiyat.ae/en/cultural.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120730122944/http://www.saadiyat.ae/en/cultural.html|archive-date=30 July 2012 |title=Saadiyat Island – Island of Happiness |publisher=Saadiyat.ae |date=19 March 2009}}</ref> Dubai also plans to build a [[Kunsthal]] museum and a district for galleries and artists.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.arabianbusiness.com/dubai-eyeing-new-fashion-design-district-17269.html |last1=Irish|first1=John |last2=Walid|first2=Tamara |title=Dubai eyeing new fashion, design district |newspaper=Arabian Business |publisher=ArabianBusiness.com |date=11 June 2009 |access-date=1 January 2012 |archive-date=11 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111152342/http://www.arabianbusiness.com/dubai-eyeing-new-fashion-design-district-17269.html |url-status=live }}</ref> There are very few [[cinema of the United Arab Emirates|cinemas of the United Arab Emirates]], and any published material is subject to strict censorship guidelines, despite a repeal of the harshest guidelines in 2021. To view a movie in the country you must be 21 years old.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wilson |first=Josh |title=What The United Arab Emirates New Censorship Policy Means For The Film And TV Industry |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/joshwilson/2021/12/29/what-the-united-arab-emirates-new-censorship-policy-means-for-the-film-and-tv-industry/ |access-date=13 November 2025 |work=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>

=== Media ===
{{Main|Mass media in the United Arab Emirates}}

{{See also|List of newspapers in the United Arab Emirates}}
[[File:Media City (12619096174).jpg|thumb|[[Dubai Media City]] is home to diverse news and tech companies.]]

The UAE's [[Media of the United Arab Emirates|media]] is annually classified as "not free" in the Freedom of the Press report by [[Freedom House]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://freedomhouse.org/reports/publication-archives|title=Publication Archives|website=Freedom House|date=20 April 2022|access-date=21 May 2021|archive-date=14 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514142458/https://freedomhouse.org/reports/publication-archives|url-status=live}}</ref> The UAE ranks poorly in the annual [[Press Freedom Index]] by [[Reporters without Borders]]. [[Dubai Media City]] is the UAE's main media zone. The UAE is home to some pan-Arab broadcasters, including the [[Middle East Broadcasting Centre]] and [[Orbit Showtime Network]]. In 2007, Sheikh [[Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum]] decreed that journalists can no longer be prosecuted or imprisoned for reasons relating to their work.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/UAE_APS.doc |title=United Arab Emirates |work=Carnegie Endowment |page=10 |quote=UAE Prime Minister Sheikh Muhammad bin Rashid al-Maktum decreed on September 25, 2007 that journalists can no longer be imprisoned for reasons relating to their work, setting a first for the decriminalization of media offences in the region. |access-date=28 March 2024 |archive-date=30 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230134946/https://carnegieendowment.org/files/uae_aps.doc |url-status=live }}</ref>

At the same time, the UAE has made it illegal to disseminate online material that can threaten "public order",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ejustice.gov.ae/downloads/latest_laws/cybercrimes_5_2012_en.pdf|title=Federal Decree-Law no.5|access-date=30 September 2018|archive-date=25 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725182632/http://ejustice.gov.ae/downloads/latest_laws/cybercrimes_5_2012_en.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> and hands down prison terms for those who "deride or damage" the reputation of the state and "display contempt" for religion. Journalists who are arrested for violating this law are often brutally beaten by the police.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14704229 |title=United Arab Emirates – Media |work=BBC News |date=15 June 2012 |access-date=28 March 2024 |archive-date=6 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140206064027/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14704229 |url-status=live }}</ref>

According to UAE Year Book 2013, there are seven Arabic newspapers and eight English language newspapers, as well as a Tagalog newspaper produced and published in the UAE.

New media, such as [[Facebook]], [[Twitter]], [[YouTube]], and [[Instagram]] are used widely in the UAE by the government entities and by the public as well.<ref name="u.aeb">{{cite web|title=Types of media – The Official Portal of the UAE Government|url=https://u.ae/en/media/media-in-the-uae/types-of-media|access-date=9 August 2021|website=u.ae|language=en|archive-date=9 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809072741/https://u.ae/en/media/media-in-the-uae/types-of-media|url-status=live}}</ref> The UAE government avails official social media accounts to communicate with public and hear their needs.<ref name="u.aeb" />

In recent years, there has been a notable surge in digital media consumption in the UAE, driven by the widespread use of platforms like Snapchat and TikTok among the younger population.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2023 |title=Report: UAE is the social media capital of the world |url=https://arab.news/jtfmt |access-date=19 October 2023 |website=Arab News |language=en}}</ref>  Influencers on these platforms play a significant role in shaping trends and promoting various products and services.<ref name="ndtv.com">{{Cite web |title=UAE Is The Global Leader In Social Media: Report |url=https://www.ndtv.com/feature/uae-is-the-global-leader-in-social-media-report-4018999 |access-date=19 October 2023 |website=NDTV.com |archive-date=26 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231126161202/https://www.ndtv.com/feature/uae-is-the-global-leader-in-social-media-report-4018999 |url-status=live }}</ref> The government has also implemented digital initiatives to enhance e-Government services and promote smart city concepts, further demonstrating the UAE's commitment to technological advancements.<ref name="ndtv.com"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Emam |first=Soha |date=22 February 2023 |title=UAE Social Media Statistics [Updated 2023] |url=https://www.meltwater.com/en/blog/social-media-statistics-uae |access-date=19 October 2023 |website=Meltwater |language=en |archive-date=22 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922005049/https://www.meltwater.com/en/blog/social-media-statistics-uae |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Cuisine ===
{{Main|Emirati cuisine}}

[[File:Luqaimat.jpg|thumb|190px|[[Arabic coffee]] with [[lugaimat]], a traditional Emirati sweet]]

The traditional food of the Emirates has always been rice, fish, and meat. The people of the United Arab Emirates have adopted most of their foods from other West and South Asian countries including Iran, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Pakistan, and India. Seafood has been the mainstay of the Emirati diet for centuries. Meat and rice are other staple foods, with [[lamb and mutton]] preferred to goat and beef. Popular beverages are coffee and tea, which can be complemented with [[cardamom]] or [[saffron]] to give them a distinctive flavour.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uaeinteract.com/travel/food.asp |title=UAE Travel& Tourism: Food & Drink |work=UAEinteract |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611160248/http://www.uaeinteract.com/travel/food.asp |archive-date=11 June 2009 }}</ref>

Popular cultural Emirati dishes include ''threed'', ''machboos'', ''khubisa'', ''khameer'', and ''chabab'' bread among others while [[lugaimat]] is a famous Emirati dessert.<ref>{{cite web|last=Samtani|first=Kumar|date=8 January 2018|title=7 Traditional Emirati Dishes to Try in Dubai|url=https://eatyourworld.com/blog/7-traditional-emirati-dishes-to-try-in-dubai/|access-date=18 August 2021|website=Eat Your World Blog|language=en-US|archive-date=18 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818054023/https://eatyourworld.com/blog/7-traditional-emirati-dishes-to-try-in-dubai/|url-status=live}}</ref>

With the influence of western culture, fast food has become very popular among young people, to the extent that campaigns have been held to highlight the dangers of fast food excesses.<ref>[http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/the-uae-s-big-fat-problem-1.1050951 The UAE's big fat problem] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229022813/http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/the-uae-s-big-fat-problem-1.1050951 |date=29 December 2014 }}. ''Gulf News''. (19 July 2012). Retrieved 26 January 2014.</ref> Alcohol is allowed to be served only in hotel restaurants and bars. All nightclubs are permitted to sell alcohol. Specific supermarkets may sell alcohol, but these products are sold in separate sections. Likewise, pork, which is [[haram]] (not permitted for Muslims), is sold in separate sections in all major supermarkets. Although alcohol may be consumed, it is illegal to be intoxicated in public or drive a motor vehicle with any trace of alcohol in the blood.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alloexpat.com/abu_dhabi_expat_forum/alcohol-and-pork-licenses-t6912.html |title=Alcohol and Pork Licenses |publisher=Alloexpat.com |date=30 May 2009 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090805054659/http://www.alloexpat.com/abu_dhabi_expat_forum/alcohol-and-pork-licenses-t6912.html |archive-date=5 August 2009 }}</ref>

=== Sports ===
{{Main|Sport in the United Arab Emirates}}

[[File:Yas Marina Circuit, October 12, 2018 SkySat (cropped).jpg|thumb|The [[Yas Marina Circuit]] in [[Abu Dhabi]]]]

[[Formula One]] is particularly popular in the United Arab Emirates, and a Grand Prix is annually held at the [[Yas Marina Circuit]] in [[Yas Island]] in Abu Dhabi. The race takes place in the evening, and was the first ever Grand Prix to start in daylight and finish at night.<ref>{{cite news|title=Abu Dhabi confirms 5pm race start|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/78061|work=Autosport|date=28 August 2009|access-date=28 March 2024|archive-date=26 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626215828/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/78061/abu-dhabi-confirms-5pm-race-start|url-status=live}}</ref> Other popular sports include [[camel racing]], [[falconry]], [[endurance riding]], and [[tennis]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uae.gov.ae/Government/sports.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611135303/http://www.uae.gov.ae/Government/sports.htm|archive-date=11 June 2008 |title=UAE Sports |publisher=Uae.gov.ae }}</ref> The emirate of [[Dubai]] is also home to two major [[golf]] courses: the Dubai Golf Club and [[Emirates Golf Club]].

Aside from the leisure aspect, sports can play an important part in shaping national identity. Falconry, for example, has functioned as a national symbol since its inception in 1971.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wakefield |first1=Sarina |title=Falconry as heritage in the United Arab Emirates |journal=World Archaeology |date=2012 |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=284|doi=10.1080/00438243.2012.669644 }}</ref> Aside from the national prevalence of falconry, the UAE have played a formative role internationally in the co-ordination of [[UNESCO]]'s recognition of falconry as [[intangible heritage]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wakefield |first1=Sarina |title=Falconry as heritage in the United Arab Emirates |journal=World Archaeology |date=2012 |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=286–288|doi=10.1080/00438243.2012.669644 }}</ref>

In the past, child camel jockeys were used, leading to widespread criticism. Eventually, the UAE passed laws banning the use of children for the sport, leading to the prompt removal of almost all child jockeys.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4063391.stm Middle East | Help for Gulf child camel jockeys] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329094909/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4063391.stm |date=29 March 2023 }}. BBC News (2 December 2004). Retrieved 10 October 2015.</ref> Recently robot jockeys have been introduced to overcome the problem of child camel jockeys which was an issue of human rights violations. [[Ansar Burney]] is often praised for the work he has done in this area.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/308742-ansar-burney-%E2%80%94-a-true-champion-of-human-rights|title=Ansar Burney – a true champion of human rights|access-date=19 July 2018|archive-date=23 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123143428/https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/308742-ansar-burney-%E2%80%94-a-true-champion-of-human-rights|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==== Football ====
{{further|Football in the United Arab Emirates|}}
[[File:Abu Dhabi Zayed Sports City Stadium 1.jpg|thumb|[[Zayed Sports City Stadium]] in [[Abu Dhabi]]]]

[[Association football|Football]] is a popular sport in the UAE. [[Al-Nasr Dubai SC|Al Nasr]], [[Al Ain Club|Al Ain]], [[Al Wasl FC|Al Wasl]], [[Sharjah FC|Sharjah]], [[Al Wahda FC|Al Wahda]], [[Shabab Al-Ahli Dubai FC|Shabab Al Ahli]], [[Baniyas Club|Baniyas]], [[Emirates Club|Emirates]], and [[Al Jazira Club|Al Jazira]] are the most popular teams and enjoy the reputation of long-time regional champions. The [[United Arab Emirates Football Association]] was established in 1974 and since then has dedicated its time and effort to promoting the game, organising [[youth program]]mes, and improving the abilities of not only its players, but also the officials and coaches involved with its regional teams.

The [[United Arab Emirates national football team|UAE]]’s senior men's team qualified for the Italy [[FIFA World Cup]] in [[1990 FIFA World Cup|1990]] (along with [[Egypt national football team|Egypt]]) and finished at 24th place. It was the third consecutive World Cup with two Arab nations qualifying, after [[Kuwait national football team|Kuwait]] and [[Algeria national football team|Algeria]] in [[1982 FIFA World Cup|1982]], and [[Iraq national football team|Iraq]] and Algeria again in [[1986 FIFA World Cup|1986]]. The UAE has won the [[Gulf Cup of Nations|Gulf Cup Championship]] twice: the first cup won in January 2007 held in [[Abu Dhabi]] and the second in January 2013, held in [[Bahrain]]; they were runners-up four times and placed third four times.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gulfnews.com/indepth/gulfcup2007/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070318080035/http://www.gulfnews.com/indepth/gulfcup2007/index.html |archive-date=18 March 2007 |title=Gulf Cup 2007 |work=Gulf News }}</ref>

The UAE hosted the [[1996 AFC Asian Cup]] and went all the way to the final, where they were defeated by the eventual champions and placed 2nd; subsequently they qualified for the [[1999 FIFA Confederations Cup|1997 Confederations Cup]] as Asian champions and finished in 6th place. They also finished 3rd at the [[2015 AFC Asian Cup|2015 Asian Cup]] in Australia. In the Olympic level the UAE finished 2nd in [[Football at the 2010 Asian Games|2010]] and 3rd in [[Football at the 2018 Asian Games – Men's tournament|2018]] Asian Games, and participated in the [[Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics|2012 Summer Olympics]] at London to finish 15th. In the [[FIFA Arab Cup|Arab Cup]] they finished 2nd in [[International Arab Friendly Tournament|2005]] at Switzerland and 3rd in 2025 at Qatar. Other tournaments they Won were the [[Kirin Cup Soccer|2005 Kirin Cup]], 2000 [[LG Cup (association football)|LG Cup]], [[2013 OSN Cup]] in Saudi Arabia, and [[Friendship Tournament]] which they won twice, placed 2nd twice and placed 3rd once.

Regarding Emirati clubs' international level, Al Ain qualified for the [[2018 FIFA Club World Cup]], defeating the champions of Oceania, Africa, and South America to ultimately face European champions Real Madrid in the final and finish as runners-up. Al Ain also qualified for the expanded [[2025 FIFA Club World Cup]], finishing with three points and being eliminated in the group stage. Al Ain won the [[AFC Champions League Elite]] twice, in [[2002–03 AFC Champions League|2003]] and [[2023–24 AFC Champions League|2024]], and finished as runners-up twice, in [[2005 AFC Champions League|2005]] and [[2016 AFC Champions League|2016]], a feat also achieved by Shabab Al Ahli in [[2015 AFC Champions League|2015]]. They also finished third in [[1998–99 Asian Club Championship|1999]], a position also attained by Al Wasl in [[1992–93 Asian Club Championship|1993]].

In the [[AFC Champions League Two]], Al Shaab (now Sharjah) finished as runners-up in [[1994–95 Asian Cup Winners' Cup|1995]] and won the title 30 years later in [[2025 AFC Champions League Two final|2025]]. Eight editions of the [[AGCFF Gulf Club Champions League|AGCFF Champions League]] were won by Emirati clubs, most of whom were Al Shabab Al Arabi (part of Shabab Al Ahli today), finished as runners-up four times and third place twice. Al Ain also finished as runners-up for the 2024 [[African–Asian–Pacific Cup]], part of the [[2024 FIFA Intercontinental Cup]]. The only two editions of the [[UAE–Morocco Super Cup]], which were held in 2015 and 2016, ended with the Emirati clubs winning, and the four [[UAE–Qatar Super Cup Series|Qatar-UAE Super/Challenge Cups and Shields]] in 2025 ended with all Emirati clubs winning them.

Emirati ownership extends to several professional football clubs outside the United Arab Emirates through [[City Football Group]], a UK-based holding company majority owned by an Abu Dhabi–registered investment vehicle controlled by [[Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahyan|Sheikh Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahyan]]. The group holds full or partial ownership of clubs in multiple countries, including [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City FC]] (England), [[New York City FC]] (United States), [[Melbourne City FC]] (Australia), [[Yokohama F. Marinos]] (Japan), Girona FC (Spain), [[ES Troyes AC|ESTAC Troyes]] (France), [[Lommel S.K.|Lommel SK]] (Belgium), and [[Palermo FC]] (Italy).

==== Cricket ====
{{further|Cricket in the United Arab Emirates|List of cricket grounds in the United Arab Emirates}}
[[File:Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium-01.jpg|thumb|[[Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium]] in Abu Dhabi]]

[[Cricket]] is one of the most popular sports in the UAE, largely because of the expatriate population from the [[South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation|SAARC]] countries, the United Kingdom, and Australia. The headquarters of the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC) have been located in the [[Dubai Sports City]] complex since 2005, including the [[ICC Academy]] which was established in 2009.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/icc-headquarters-to-stay-in-dubai/story-QDVppxrQuTZBM6hBHABuIP.html|title=ICC headquarters to stay in Dubai|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=14 October 2010|access-date=6 November 2021|archive-date=6 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106070711/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/icc-headquarters-to-stay-in-dubai/story-QDVppxrQuTZBM6hBHABuIP.html|url-status=live}}</ref> There are a number of international cricket venues in the UAE, which are frequently used for international tournaments and "neutral" bilateral series due to the local climate and Dubai's status as a transport hub.

Notable international tournaments hosted by the UAE have included the [[2014 Under-19 Cricket World Cup]], the [[2021 Men's T20 World Cup|2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup]], and three editions of the [[Asia Cup]] (1984, 1995, and 2018). Notable grounds include the [[Sharjah Cricket Stadium|Sharjah Cricket Association Stadium]] in [[Sharjah]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricketeurope4.net/CRICKETEUROPE/GENERAL/TIMELINES/uae.shtml |title=UAE Cricket Timeline |publisher=Cricketeurope4.net |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120709093903/http://www.cricketeurope4.net/CRICKETEUROPE/GENERAL/TIMELINES/uae.shtml |archive-date=9 July 2012 }}</ref> [[Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium]] in [[Abu Dhabi]], and [[Dubai International Cricket Stadium]] in Dubai.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/other/content/ground/country.html?country=27 |title=Cricinfo – Grounds – United Arab Emirates |work=Content-uk.cricinfo.com |date=17 June 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106155437/http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/other/content/ground/country.html?country=27 |archive-date=6 January 2009 }}</ref>

The [[Emirates Cricket Board]] (ECB) became a member of the ICC in 1990. The [[United Arab Emirates national cricket team|UAE national cricket team]] has qualified for the [[Cricket World Cup]] on two occasions ([[1996 Cricket World Cup|1996]] and [[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015]])<ref>{{cite web |author=Nayar, K.R. |url=http://gulfnews.com/sport/cricket/not-stumped-by-uae-cricket-issues-khan-1.130154 |title=Not stumped by UAE cricket issues – Khan |work=Gulf News |date=6 September 2008 |access-date=1 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406013456/http://gulfnews.com/sport/cricket/not-stumped-by-uae-cricket-issues-khan-1.130154 |archive-date=6 April 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icc-cricket.com/cricket-world-cup/qualification/qualification-overview|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104135014/http://www.icc-cricket.com/cricket-world-cup/qualification/qualification-overview|url-status=dead|title=Qualification – Cricket World Cup 2015 Qualifier | ICC|archive-date=4 November 2013}}</ref> and the [[Men's T20 World Cup|ICC Men's T20 World Cup]] on two occasions ([[2014 World Twenty20|2014]] and [[2022 Men's T20 World Cup|2022]]). The [[United Arab Emirates women's national cricket team|national women's team]] is similarly one of the strongest associate teams in Asia, notably participating in the [[2018 Women's World Twenty20 Qualifier|2018 ICC Women's World Twenty20 Qualifier]].

Following the [[2009 attack on the Sri Lanka national cricket team]], the UAE served as the ''de facto'' home of the [[Pakistan national cricket team]] for nearly a decade, as well as hosting the [[Pakistan Super League]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/pakistan-not-to-play-home-matches-in-uae-anymore-pcb-ceo/story-tYo1UuA3czorquuVluZzxL.html|title=Pakistan not to play home matches in UAE anymore: PCB CEO|date=24 September 2019|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=28 March 2024|archive-date=7 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207070811/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/pakistan-not-to-play-home-matches-in-uae-anymore-pcb-ceo/story-tYo1UuA3czorquuVluZzxL.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=15 December 2018|title=UAE to host matches for Pakistan Super League next year|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1421216/sport|access-date=19 February 2021|website=Arab News|language=en|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510192704/https://www.arabnews.com/node/1421216/sport|url-status=live}}</ref> The UAE has also hosted one full edition of [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL) in 2020 and two partial editions of the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL) in 2014 and 2021.<ref>{{cite web|date=2 August 2020|title=IPL 2020 to be held from September 19 to November 10|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ipl-2020-to-be-held-in-uae-from-september-19-to-november-10/story-GeHbVaf1f4zv07p3V8RGwO.html|access-date=9 May 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510144717/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ipl-2020-to-be-held-in-uae-from-september-19-to-november-10/story-GeHbVaf1f4zv07p3V8RGwO.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|United Arab Emirates|Asia}}
* [[List of United Arab Emirates–related topics]]
* [[Outline of the United Arab Emirates]]
{{clear}}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}
{{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{Cite book |title=From Trucial States to United Arab Emirates: A society in transition |last=Heard-Bey |first=Frauke |publisher=Longman |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-582-27728-1 |location=London | oclc = 38355501}}

== External links ==
{{Sister project links|voy=United Arab Emirates}}
* [https://www.government.ae/ Government portal of the United Arab Emirates] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224133814/https://government.ae/ |date=24 February 2020 }}, ([https://u.ae/ U.AE)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20260116121621/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-arab-emirates United Arab Emirates]. ''[[The World Factbook]]''. [[Central Intelligence Agency]].
* {{GovPubs|uae}}
* {{Wikiatlas|United Arab Emirates}}
* [https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/Country/ARE/Year/2011/Summary World Bank Summary Trade Statistics United Arab Emirates]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20171010164537/http://www.poiresources.com/info/history-of-united-arab-emirates/ Timeline of the United Arab Emirates History from Bronze Age to present day]

{{United Arab Emirates topics}}
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R. S. Praveen Kumar

2026-03-29T04:29:08Z

ShereeScotto4: Adding first bio w/ sources

{{Short description|Indian police officer}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox police officer
|name = R. S. Praveen Kumar
|image = R.S. Praveen Kumar.jpg
|caption =
|birth_name = Repalle Shiva Praveen Kumar
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1967|11|23|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Alampur, Jogulamba Gadwal district|Alampur]], [[Jogulamba Gadwal|Jogulamba Gadwal district]], [[Telangana]], India
|education =
*[[Bachelor of Veterinary Science|B. V. Sc.]] ([[Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University|APAU]]),
*[[Master of Veterinary Science|M. V. Sc.]] ([[Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University|APAU]]),<ref name="Ind"/>
*[[Master of Public Administration|M. P. A.]] ([[Harvard University|Harvard]])<ref name="Ind"/>
|alma_mater =
*[[Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University]], [[Hyderabad]],<ref name="Ind"/>
*[[Harvard Kennedy School]], [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]]<ref name="Ind"/>
|country = India
|service =
|department = [[Telangana Police]]
|service_years = [[Indian Police Service]], 1995-2021<ref name="Ind"/>
|status = Retired voluntarily
|rank = [[Image:Director General of Police.png|25px]][[Additional Director General of Police]]
|badge_number = Regular Recruit of 48th batch<ref>[[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy]], ''Alumni gallery''.[https://www.svpnpa.gov.in/memories/alumni-gallery/391-1995-batch] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111050441/http://www.svpnpa.gov.in/memories/alumni-gallery/391-1995-batch |date=11 November 2019 }}</ref>
|otherparty = [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] (2021 August 8 - 2024 March 16)
|party = [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]] (2024 March 18 - present)
|awards =
*[[President's Police Medal]] for meritorious service,<ref name="IE">''Telangana IPS officer RS Praveen Kumar takes VRS, triggers buzz over joining politics'', ''Indian Express'', August 10, 2021.[https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/hyderabad/telangana-ips-officer-rs-praveen-kumar-takes-vrs-buzz-over-joining-politics-7414702/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810125328/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/hyderabad/telangana-ips-officer-rs-praveen-kumar-takes-vrs-buzz-over-joining-politics-7414702/ |date=10 August 2021 }}</ref>
*Telangana Excellence Award<ref name="IE"/>
|other_work = Secretary, [[Telangana Social Welfare Residential Educational Institutions Society]] (2013<ref>''A homecoming of high-flyers'', The Hindu, October 25, 2013.[https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/a-homecoming-of-highflyers/article5273165.ece] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140205114929/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/a-homecoming-of-highflyers/article5273165.ece |date=5 February 2014 }}</ref>-2021)<ref>''Hyderabad: Swaeroes hero RS Praveen Kumar resigns IPS job'', ''Telangana Today'', 19 July 2021.[https://telanganatoday.com/hyderabad-swaeroes-hero-rs-praveen-kumar-resigns-ips-job] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719115120/https://telanganatoday.com/hyderabad-swaeroes-hero-rs-praveen-kumar-resigns-ips-job |date=19 July 2021 }}</ref>
|predecessor =
|successor =
}}

'''Repalle Shiva Praveen Kumar''' (born 23 November 1967)<ref name="Ind">{{Cite web|last=Pandey|first=Ashish|date=14 October 2020|title=This IPS officer from Telangala is changing the fate of many underprivileged Tribal students|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/this-ips-officer-from-telangala-is-changing-the-fate-of-many-underprivileged-tribal-students-1731432-2020-10-14|url-status=live|access-date=10 August 2021|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=20 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720054155/https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/this-ips-officer-from-telangala-is-changing-the-fate-of-many-underprivileged-tribal-students-1731432-2020-10-14}}</ref> is a former officer of [[Indian Police Service]] who served as the secretary of [[Telangana Social Welfare Residential Educational Institutions Society]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=TSWREIS|url=https://tswreis.in/orgchart1.html|access-date=2021-04-06|website=tswreis.in|archive-date=23 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623090240/http://www.tswreis.in/orgchart1.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= |first= |author-link= |date= 23 March 2020|title=Empowering Teachers to Build a Better World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fp_YDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22RS+Praveen+Kumar%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA89 |location= |publisher=Springer |page=89 |isbn=9811521379}}</ref> and Telangana Tribal Welfare Residential Educational Institutions Society.<ref>{{Cite web|title=TTWREIS|url=https://tgtwgurukulam.telangana.gov.in/about.html|access-date=2021-04-26|website=tgtwgurukulam.telangana.gov.in|archive-date=6 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306142701/https://tgtwgurukulam.telangana.gov.in/about.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

After resigning from his government job, he joined [[Bahujan Samaj Party]], with a calling that it was time "Dalits and Bahujans strive to achieve political power" in the state.<ref name=":0" /> He lost from Sirpur constituency in the [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]] and later he resigned from [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]] on 16 March 2024 accusing the BJP of attempting to disrupt the BRS and BSP's alliance for upcoming 2024 Lok Sabha polls, including resorting to arresting BRS MLC [[K. Kavitha|K Kavitha]] was unacceptable.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-16 |title=Praveen Kumar quits BSP after 'pressure' to end poll tie-up with BRS |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/bsp-telangana-president-rs-praveen-kumar-leaves-the-party/article67957756.ece |access-date=2024-03-17 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

RS Praveen Kumar joined [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi|Bharat Rashtra Samiti (BRS)]] on 18 March 2024 in the presence of BRS president [[K. Chandrashekar Rao]].<ref name="RS Praveen Kumar joins BRS">{{cite news |last1=Telangana Today |title=RS Praveen Kumar joins BRS |url=https://telanganatoday.com/rs-praveen-kumar-joins-brs |access-date=18 March 2024 |date=18 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318150716/https://telanganatoday.com/rs-praveen-kumar-joins-brs |archive-date=18 March 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Praveen pursued studies in [[veterinary science]] from [[Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University]], his faculty included Professor [[T. D. J. Nagabhushanam]], among others. He belongs to the [[Indian Police Service]] batch of 1995. He holds a master's degree in Public Administration from [[Harvard University]]'s [[Harvard Kennedy School|Kennedy School]] under a Edward S Mason fellowship.<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 April 2011|title=AP: Top cop selected for Harvard programme|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2011/apr/16/ap-top-cop-selected-for-harvard-programme-245005.html|url-status=live|access-date=9 August 2021|website=The New Indian Express|archive-date=13 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013123624/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2011/apr/16/ap-top-cop-selected-for-harvard-programme-245005.html}}</ref>

== Career ==
During Praveen Kumar's tenure as the secretary of TSWREIS and TTWREIS, these residential schools being run for students belonging to marginalised sections has scripted many success stories and concentrated on wholesome personality development of the students.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pandey|first=Ashish|title=This IPS officer from Telangala is changing the fate of many underprivileged Tribal students|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/this-ips-officer-from-telangala-is-changing-the-fate-of-many-underprivileged-tribal-students-1731432-2020-10-14|access-date=2021-05-04|website=India Today|date=14 October 2020 |language=en-us|archive-date=20 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720054155/https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/this-ips-officer-from-telangala-is-changing-the-fate-of-many-underprivileged-tribal-students-1731432-2020-10-14|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=V|first=Geethanath|title=R.S. Praveen Kumar is the wind beneath the wings of students at Telangana's social welfare hostels|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/R.S.-Praveen-Kumar-transforms-Telanganas-social-welfare-hostels/article17366820.ece|access-date=2021-05-04|website=The Hindu|date=25 February 2017 |language=en-us|archive-date=4 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504123432/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/R.S.-Praveen-Kumar-transforms-Telanganas-social-welfare-hostels/article17366820.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Aravind|first=Indulekha|title=How an IPS officer is changing the fortunes of students from marginalised communities in Telangana|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/how-an-ips-officer-is-changing-the-fortunes-of-students-from-marginalised-communities-in-telangana/articleshow/78594703.cms?from=mdr|access-date=2021-05-04|website=The Economic times|language=en-us|archive-date=4 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504123433/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/how-an-ips-officer-is-changing-the-fortunes-of-students-from-marginalised-communities-in-telangana/articleshow/78594703.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref> He held the role for about 10 years.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=K. V.|first=Kurmanath|date=8 August 2021|title=Ex-IPS officer Praveen Kumar joins BSP|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/ex-ips-officer-praveen-kumar-joins-bsp/article35804178.ece|url-status=live|access-date=9 August 2021|website=The Hindu Business Line|language=en|archive-date=8 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808235358/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/ex-ips-officer-praveen-kumar-joins-bsp/article35804178.ece}}</ref>

On 19 July 2021, he announced voluntary retirement and resigned from his post as secretary of TSWREIS and TTWREIS.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=20 July 2021|title=Praveen Kumar quits IPS, triggers speculations|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/200721/praveen-kumar-quits-ips-triggers-speculations.html|url-status=live|access-date=9 August 2021|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en|archive-date=9 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809172204/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/200721/praveen-kumar-quits-ips-triggers-speculations.html}}</ref>

==Transformation of Social Welfare Residential Schools==
Praveen Kumar introduced P5 Model into Social Welfare Residential Schools. In this model, he added several innovative and path breaking programmes like E-Plus Clubs, Voice for Girls, Horse riding, film making, music, dance, water sports, mountaineering, Ignitor, W Plus Clubs, Impact, etc., for holistic development of the children.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Teaching Dalits to ride for social horsepower|url=https://www.civilsocietyonline.com/education/teaching-dalits-to-ride-for-for-social-horsepower/|access-date=2021-05-07|website=Civil Society|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510142418/https://www.civilsocietyonline.com/education/teaching-dalits-to-ride-for-for-social-horsepower/|url-status=live}}</ref> During his tenure TSWREI students had successfully launched two payloads Swaero Sat 1 and Swaero Sat 2. The SWAEROSAT-1 was designed to study cosmic radiation and ozone layer concentration at various altitudes. Swaero Sat 2 is an experimental payload built to study atmospheric pollutants like methane gas and carbon monoxide, and also radiation and temperature levels.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Social Welfare students launch SWAEROSAT-1|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/hans/young-hans/social-welfare-students-launch-swaerosat-1--547988|access-date=2021-05-07|website=Hans India|date=19 July 2019 |archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510142416/https://www.thehansindia.com/hans/young-hans/social-welfare-students-launch-swaerosat-1--547988|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Social welfare students launch second payload|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/social-welfare-students-launch-second-payload/article28801780.ece|access-date=2021-05-07|website=The Hindu|date=2 August 2019 |archive-date=9 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509061855/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/social-welfare-students-launch-second-payload/article28801780.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=From Everest To Outer Space: These Dalit Students Want To Annihilate Caste Through Science|url=https://www.huffpost.com/archive/in/entry/swaeroes-satellite-everest-poorna-telangana-praveen-kumar_in_5d59686fe4b056fafd0d7567|access-date=2021-05-07|website=huffpost|date=19 August 2019 |archive-date=7 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507152036/https://www.huffpost.com/archive/in/entry/swaeroes-satellite-everest-poorna-telangana-praveen-kumar_in_5d59686fe4b056fafd0d7567|url-status=live}}</ref>

==SWAEROES==
Praveen Kumar is the founder and the guiding force to launch a payback movement called SWAEROES.<ref>{{Citation|title=Boarding Schools for India's Outcasts Are Tearing Down Class Barriers|date=17 March 2021 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/videos/2021-03-17/boarding-schools-for-india-s-outcasts-are-tearing-down-class-barriers-video|language=en|access-date=2021-04-06|archive-date=25 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325131054/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/videos/2021-03-17/boarding-schools-for-india-s-outcasts-are-tearing-down-class-barriers-video|url-status=live}}</ref> Where SWAEROES stands for Social Welfare Aeroes (Greek for sky), it means that sky is the limit and there is no reverse gear or no looking back or no slowing down. Swaeroes student not only focused in academics and focusing success in arts, cultural programs, sports and games.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Youngest girl ever to climb Everest|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-asia-27716926|access-date=2021-04-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Felsenthal|first=Julia|title=Having a Soda With the 14-Year-Old Indian Girl Who Conquered Everest|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/poorna-malavath-everest-interview|access-date=2021-04-06|website=Vogue|date=29 September 2015 |language=en-us|archive-date=10 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610045532/https://www.vogue.com/article/poorna-malavath-everest-interview|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Pandey|first1=Ashish|date=October 14, 2020|title=This IPS officer from Telangala is changing the fate of many underprivileged Tribal students|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/this-ips-officer-from-telangala-is-changing-the-fate-of-many-underprivileged-tribal-students-1731432-2020-10-14|access-date=2021-04-21|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=20 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720054155/https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/this-ips-officer-from-telangala-is-changing-the-fate-of-many-underprivileged-tribal-students-1731432-2020-10-14|url-status=live}}</ref> Springer Publications has published the work of Praveen Kumar in its series ''Empowering Teachers to Build a Better World''. His work is selected as one among the six nations shortlisted across the world.<ref>{{cite book|last=Reimers|first=Fernando|url=https://www.amazon.in/gp/product/B086978KT2/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_bibl_vppi_i1|title=Empowering teachers to build a better world|date=2020-03-23|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-9811521362|location=|pages=87–103|author-link=}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=August 2021}}

===Criticism by right-wing groups ===
In March 2021, a video went viral during an oath ceremony of a Swaero movement held at Dhulikatta Buddhist Shrine in [[Peddapalli district]]. In the video Praveen Kumar was seen repeating "Budha Vandanam", vows taken by [[B. R. Ambedkar]] when he converted to Buddhism, which include [[Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar|denouncing faith in certain Hindu gods]]. The video was circulated and he was criticised by right-wing groups. Telangana [[BJP]] politicians and [[Vishva Hindu Parishad]] members accused him of spreading sentiments against Hinduism among students using the Swaero movement. Praveen Kumar defended against the accusations and issued a statement saying Swaeroism is an inclusive ideology and they don't teach any prejudice against any religion. The statement also stated that they work for just and equal society in the country only through education, health awareness, scientific thinking and economic empowerment, not through hatred.<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 March 2021|title=After video triggers row in Telangana, IPS officer Praveen Kumar issues clarification|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/after-video-triggers-row-telangana-ips-officer-praveen-kumar-issues-clarification-145295|url-status=live|access-date=8 August 2021|website=The News Minute|language=en|archive-date=8 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808163606/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/after-video-triggers-row-telangana-ips-officer-praveen-kumar-issues-clarification-145295}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Gali|first=Nagaraja|date=25 March 2021|title=Telangana: Renowned IPS Officer Praveen Kumar Targeted by Hindutva Groups|url=https://thewire.in/rights/telangana-ips-officer-rs-praveen-kumar-swaeros-hindutva-groups|url-status=live|access-date=8 August 2021|website=The Wire|archive-date=8 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808155813/https://thewire.in/rights/telangana-ips-officer-rs-praveen-kumar-swaeros-hindutva-groups}}</ref>

== Politics ==
With a calling that it was time "to be the uncompromising voice for the suppressed" in the state, on 8 August 2021, leaving six and a half years of service, Kumar joined [[Bahujan Samaj Party]],.<ref name=":0" /> He lost from Sirpur constituency in the 2023 legislative assembly elections.<ref>{{Cite news |title=BSP Telangana Chief RS Praveen Kumar loses, party secures 1.37% of votes and later he joins in Bharat Rashtra Samithi on 16/03/2024|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/telangana/2023/dec/04/bsps-rs-praveen-kumar-loses-contest-party-secures-137-of-votes-2638510.html |date=2023-12-04 |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref> on 16 March 2024 he has resigned from the party amidst reported pressure from the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) to [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] to severe ties with the [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]] (BRS) .<ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Telangana |date=2024-03-16 |title=RS Praveen Kumar quits BSP, likely to join BRS |url=https://telanganatoday.com/rs-praveen-kumar-quits-bsp-likely-to-join-brs |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Telangana Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-16 |title=Telangana BSP president Praveen Kumar quits party |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/telangana-bsp-president-praveen-kumar-quits-party/articleshow/108549933.cms |access-date=2024-03-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He subsequently contested the 2024 Indian general election from the [[Nagarkurnool (Lok Sabha constituency)]] as a candidate of the Bharat Rashtra Samithi, finishing third behind [[Mallu Ravi]] of the Indian National Congress and [[Bharath Prasad Pothuganti]] of the Bharatiya Janata Party.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nagarkurnool Lok Sabha Election Result 2024 |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/ConstituencywiseS2912.htm |access-date=7 September 2025 |website=Election Commission of India}}</ref>

== Awards and honours ==
Kumar has been awarded the [[President's Police Medal]] for meritorious and also awarded the Telangana Excellence Award by the [[government of Telangana]] on the eve of the 71st [[Independence Day (India)|India's Independence Day]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Four Telangana AIS officers to be honoured on Independence Day|url=https://telanganatoday.com/four-telangana-ais-officers-honoured-i-day|access-date=2021-04-06|website=Telangana Today|language=en-US|archive-date=6 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206194848/https://telanganatoday.com/four-telangana-ais-officers-honoured-i-day|url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Praveen R. S.}}
[[Category:Indian police officers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Harvard Kennedy School alumni]]
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:People from Telangana]]
[[Category:Telugu people]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh Police]]
[[Category:Indian agriculturalists]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh academics]]
[[Category:Scientists from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Telangana Police]]
[[Category:Bahujan Samaj Party politicians from Telangana]]

Andondittu Kaala

2026-03-27T01:00:18Z

ShereeScotto4: made

{{short description|Indian Kannada-language romantic drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Andodittu Kaala
| image = Andondittu Kaala.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Keerthi Krishnappa
| producer = Bhuvan Suresh
| writer = Keerthi Krishnappa
| story = Keerthi Krishnappa
| screenplay = Keerthi Krishnappa Sharan Almel
| starring = [[Vinay Rajkumar]] [[Aditi Prabhudeva]] [[Nisha Ravikrishnan]] [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]]
| studio = Bhuvan Movies
| music = V. Raghavendra
| cinematography = Abhishek G. Kasaragodu
| editing = A. R. Krishna Suresh Armugam
| released = {{Film date|2025|8|29|df=y}}
| runtime = 115 minutes
| language = Kannada
| country = India
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Andodittu Kaala''''' ({{translation|Those were the times}}) is a 2025 Indian [[Kannada language|Kannada]]-language [[romantic drama film]] written and directed by Keerthi Krishnappa, in his debut.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/andondittu-kaala-movie-review-ode-to-lost-childhood-and-the-magic-of-cinema-3703855|title='Andondittu Kaala’ movie review: Ode to lost childhood and the magic of cinema|date=30 August 2025|work=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref> It was produced by Bhuvan Suresh under Bhuvan Movies banner.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/Jul/06/vinay-rajkumar-plays-film-director-in-andondittu-kaala-25336.html|title=Vinay Rajkumar plays film director in Andondittu Kaala|work=Cinema Express.com|date=6 July 2021}}</ref> The film stars [[Vinay Rajkumar]] and [[Aditi Prabhudeva]] in the lead roles, while [[Nisha Ravikrishnan]], [[Aruna Balraj]] and Kaddipudi Chandru play supporting roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2025/Aug/27/kannadanews2025aug27vinay-rajkumar-andondittu-kaala-reflects-the-real-life-experiences-of-keerthis-journey-in-cinema|title=Vinay Rajkumar Interview: Andondittu Kaala reflects the real-life experiences of Keerthi’s journey in cinema|work=The New Indian Express|date=27 August 2025}}</ref> Actor-director [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]] features in a guest appearance.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2022/Mar/31/ravichandranonboard-vinay-rajkumars-andondittu-kaala-2436012.html|title=Ravichandran onboard Vinay Rajkumar’s 'Andondittu Kaala'|work=The New Indian Express|date=31 March 2022}}</ref> The music was composed by V. Raghavendra, while the cinematography is by Abhishek S. Kasaragodu.

''Andondittu Kaala'' was first announced and went on floors in February 2021 as a period drama film set in the 1990s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2021/Feb/06/vinay-rajkumar-aditi-prabhudeva-come-together-for-andondittu-kaala-2260143.html|title=Vinay Rajkumar, Aditi Prabhudeva come together for 'Andondittu Kaala'|work=The New Indian Express|date=6 February 2021}}</ref> After several announcements on release, the film finally got a delayed release date as 29 August 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2025/Jul/01/vinay-rajkumars-andondittu-kaala-locks-release-date-second-single-rekindles-90s-school-romance-2 |title=Vinay Rajkumar’s Andondittu Kaala locks release date; second single rekindles 90s school romance|date=1 July 2025|work=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Upon release, the film met with mixed reviews from critics and had a low start at the box-office.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/andondittu-kaala-a-nostalgic-tribute-to-dreams-and-cinema/movie-review/123598328.cms|title=Andondittu Kaala Movie Review: A Nostalgic Tribute to Dreams and Cinema|work=The Times of India|date=30 August 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://filmivilla.com/box-office/andondittu-kaala-box-office-collection/|title=Andondittu Kaala Day 2 Box Office Collection Worldwide|work=Filmivilla.com|date=30 August 2025}}</ref>

==Premise==
A young boy, Kumara, dreams of becoming a director after witnessing a shooting in his film. Years later, in order to fulfil his dreams, he moves to the city and strives to overcome challenges.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Vinay Rajkumar]] as Kumara
* [[Aditi Prabhudeva]] as Vasundhara
* [[Nisha Ravikrishnan]] as Saakshi
* [[Aruna Balraj]] as Kumara's mother
* Doddarange Gowda as teacher
* Kaddipudi Chandru as Sampangi
* Mohan Juneja
* Jaggappa
* Dharmendra Urs
* Govinde Gowda
* Thukali Santhosh
* [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]] in a guest appearance
}}

==Soundtrack==
The soundtrack, composed by V. Raghavendra consists of three tracks. The first single "Mungaru Maleyalli" sung by [[Sid Sriram]] was released on 28 January 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2025/Jan/28/vinay-rajkumars-andondittu-kaala-eyes-march-release|title=Vinay Rajkumar’s 'Andondittu Kaala' eyes March release|work=The New Indian Express|date=28 January 2025}}</ref> The audio rights were acquired by A2 Music.

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 12:36
| title1 = Maharaja Agendu
| lyrics1 = Kinnal Raj
| extra1 = [[Sunil Kashyap]]
| length1 = 4:23
| title2 = Are Are Yaro Evalu
| lyrics2 = Arasu Anthare
| extra2 = Nihal Tauro
| length2 = 4:01
| title3 = Mungaru Maleyalli
| lyrics3 = Dhananjay Ranjan
| extra3 = [[Sid Sriram]]
| length3 = 5:03
}}

==Reception==
=== Critical response ===
A. Sharadhaa of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' rated the film 2.5/5 stars and wrote, "The film lingers on the fragile yet transformative power of childhood fascination. Yet in its attempt to be both memoir and universal statement, it never fully balances the two. Many aspirants may see themselves in Kumar, but they may also wish the storytelling was as uncompromising as the dream itself."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharadhaa |first1=A. |title=andondittu-kaala-movie-review-an-overstretched-reel-of-dreams-and-struggles |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/review/2025/Aug/29/andondittu-kaala-movie-review-an-overstretched-reel-of-dreams-and-struggles |work=Cinema Express |date=29 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

Susmita Sameera of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film 3/5 stars and wrote, "Ultimately, Andondittu Kaala is a warm, family-friendly entertainer that celebrates cinema and the determination to dream. Though the latter half feels stretched, the film remains heartfelt, nostalgic, and inspiring."

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt15478292}}

[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2025 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2025 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films about filmmaking]]
[[Category:Films set in the 1990s]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]

Norman

2026-03-25T18:01:54Z

ShereeScotto4: updated details

{{Wiktionary|Norman}}
'''Norman''' or '''Normans''' may refer to:

{{TOC right}}

==Ethnic and cultural identity==
* The [[Normans]], a people partly descended from Norse Vikings who settled in the territory of Normandy in France in the 9th and 10th centuries
** People or things connected with the [[Norman conquest of southern Italy]] in the 11th and 12th centuries
** People of things connected with [[Norman England]], following the conquest in the 11th century
** [[Normanist theory]] (also known as Normanism) and [[anti-Normanism]], historical disagreement regarding the origin of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and their historic predecessor, Kievan Rus'
** [[Norman dynasty]], a series of monarchs in England and Normandy
** [[Norman architecture]], romanesque architecture in England and elsewhere
** [[Norman language]], spoken in Normandy
** People or things connected with the French region of [[Normandy]]

==Arts and entertainment==
* [[Norman (2010 film)|''Norman'' (2010 film)]], a 2010 drama film
* [[Norman (2016 film)|''Norman'' (2016 film)]], a 2016 drama film
* [[Norman (TV series)|''Norman'' (TV series)]], a 1970 British sitcom starring Norman Wisdom
* [[The Normans (TV series)|''The Normans'' (TV series)]], a documentary
* [[Norman (song)|"Norman" (song)]], a 1962 song written by John D. Loudermilk and recorded by Sue Thompson
* "Norman (He's a Rebel)", a song by Mo-dettes from ''[[The Story So Far (Mo-dettes album)|The Story So Far]]'', 1980

==Businesses==
* [[Norman ASA]], producers of antivirus and other security software
* [[Norman Cycles]], a British bicycle, autocycle, moped, and motorcycle manufacturer
* [[Norman Guitars]], a guitar brand from Canada

==People==
* [[Norman (name)]], including list of persons and fictional characters with the name
* [[Montagu Norman, 1st Baron Norman]] (1871–1950), English banker, Governor of the Bank of England from 1920 to 1944
* [[Norman baronets]], a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
* Norman the Lunatic and Norman the Maniac, ring names of American professional wrestler [[Mike Shaw]] (1957–2010)

==Places==
===United States===
* [[Norman, Arkansas]], a town
* [[Norman, Indiana]], an unincorporated community
* [[Norman, Missouri]], an unincorporated community
* [[Norman, Nebraska]], a village
* [[Norman, North Carolina]], a town
* [[Lake Norman]], North Carolina, a man-made lake
* [[Norman, Oklahoma]], a city
* [[Norman, Wisconsin]], an unincorporated community
* [[Norman Township (disambiguation)]]

===Elsewhere===
* [[Norman, Ontario (disambiguation)|Norman, Ontario]], former name of two places in Ontario
* [[Norman Island]], British Virgin Islands
* [[Cape Norman]], Newfoundland, Canada
* [[Norman (crater)]], on the Moon

==Ships and boats==
* {{HMAS|Norman}}, several ships of the Royal Australian Navy
* {{SS|Norman}}, an American bulk freighter which sank in 1895
* [[Norman boat]], a cabin cruiser built by Norman Cruisers limited

==Other uses==
* [[List of storms named Norman]], storms with the name Norman
* [[Norman High School]], Norman, Oklahoma, United States
* [[Norman (horse)]], a Thoroughbred racehorse
* [[Norman four notrump]], a slam bidding convention in the card game contract bridge

==See also==
* [[Norman House]], on Steep Hill, Lincoln, England, an historic building
* [[The Norman House (York)]], a grade I listed building and scheduled monument in York, England
* [[Normand]], a surname
* {{lookfrom|Norman}}

{{disambiguation|geo}}
[[Category:Language and nationality disambiguation pages]]

Ex officio member

2026-03-25T17:31:43Z

ShereeScotto4: added references

{{short description|Membership by virtue of holding a specific other position}}
{{redirect|Ex officio|the English court procedure|Ex officio oath{{!}}''Ex officio'' oath}}
{{italic title|string=Ex officio}}
An '''''ex officio'' member''' is a member of a body (notably a board, committee, or council) who is part of it by virtue of holding another office. The term ''[[List of Latin phrases (E)#ex officio|ex officio]]'' is [[Latin]], meaning literally 'from the office', and the sense intended is 'by right of office'; its use dates back to the [[Roman Republic]].

According to ''[[Robert's Rules of Order]]'', the term denotes only how one becomes a member of a body.<ref>{{Parliamentary manuals|title = RONR|edition = 11th|year = 2011|pages = 483–484}}(RONR)</ref> Accordingly, the rights of an ''ex officio'' member are exactly the same as other members unless otherwise stated in regulations or bylaws.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.robertsrules.com/faq.html#2 |title=Frequently Asked Questions about RONR (Question 2) |website=The Official Robert's Rules of Order Web Site |publisher=The Robert's Rules Association |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041112102258/http://www.robertsrules.com/faq.html |archive-date=2004-11-12 }}</ref> It relates to the notion that the position refers to the position the ex officio holds, rather than the individual that holds the position. In some groups, ''ex officio'' members may frequently abstain from voting.

Opposite notions are [[dual mandate]], when the same person happens to hold two offices or more, although these offices are not in themselves associated; and [[personal union]], when two states share the same monarch.

== For profit and nonprofit use ==
Any ''ex officio'' membership (for example, of committees, or of the board) is as defined by the nonprofit association's [[bylaws]] or other documents of authority. For example, the bylaws quite often provide that the organization's [[president (corporate title)|president]] will be ''ex officio'' a member of all committees, except the nominating committee.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wianetwork.com/editorial/e-for-ex-officio |title=Ex Officio |website=WIA Network |author=WIAN Editorial Team |date=2025-03-28 |access-date=2025-10-15}}</ref>

==Political offices==
===Andorra===
The [[president of the French Republic]] and the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Urgell|Catholic Bishop of Urgell]] are by virtue of office (''ex officio'') appointed [[Co-Princes of Andorra]].

===Australia===
Within the [[Australia]]n political system, the [[Coalition (Australia)|Liberal–National Coalition]] is an [[parliamentary group|alliance]] of [[Centre-right politics|centre-right]] political parties that forms one of the two major groupings in [[Politics of Australia|Australian federal politics]]. The two major partners in the Coalition are the [[Liberal Party of Australia]] and the [[National Party of Australia]] with each partner being a stand-alone organisation that elects its own leadership. The [[Leader of the Liberal Party of Australia|leader of the Liberals]] generally serves as the ''ex officio'' Leader of the Coalition whereas the leader of the Nationals serves as the ''ex officio'' Deputy Leader of the Coalition.

In the above arrangement, when a Coalition is elected to government in [[States and territories of Australia|Australia or the countries States or territories]], convention is that the larger partner, usually the Liberals, hold the office of [[Prime Minister of Australia|Prime Minister]], [[Premiers and chief ministers of the Australian states and territories|Premier or Chief Minister]] whereas the smaller partner, usually the Nationals, hold office as the [[Deputy Prime Minister of Australia|Deputy Prime Minister]] or Deputy Premier. The respective offices are determined based on the size of the respective alliance partner and their independently of one another chosen leader.

The Coalition generally results in the Prime Minister or Premier from the respective jurisdiction being from a metropolitan area (the Liberals) and guarantees a rural or regional Deputy Prime Minister or Premier (from the Nationals). The Leader of the Nationals is usually given the right to choose his or her [[Australian Government|ministry within government]] by virtue of being the second-most senior position within the Coalition partnership.

===Botswana===
In Botswana's unicameral [[National Assembly of Botswana|National Assembly]], the [[president of Botswana]] and the [[Speaker of the National Assembly of Botswana|Speaker]] of the National Assembly serve as the chamber's two ''ex-officio'' members.<ref>{{cite web|title=FAQs|url=https://www.parliament.gov.bw/index.php/frequently-asked-questions#q1|quote= 2 are Ex-officios being the President and The Speaker.|website=parliament.gov.bw|publisher=Parliament of Botswana|access-date=12 January 2023}}</ref>

===Brazil===
In the [[Empire of Brazil]], some princes became members by right of the [[Federal Senate (Brazil)#History|Imperial Senate]] once they turned 25. In the current [[Constitution of Brazil]], the [[President of the Federal Senate (Brazil)|president of the Federal Senate]] is an ''ex officio'' president of the [[National Congress of Brazil|National Congress]], even though this office does not exist officially.

===Canada===
Judges of the Federal Court are ''ex officio'' members of the Federal Court of Appeal, and vice versa.<ref>[https://laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/F-7/section-5-20021231.html ''Federal Courts Act'', RSC 1985, c. F-7, §5(1)(c)]</ref>

===China===
The [[General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party]] is an ''ex officio'' member of the [[Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party|Politburo Standing Committee]] which is the top decision-making body in the [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP). The CCP General Secretary has also been the ''ex officio'' [[Chairman of the Central Military Commission (China)|Chairman of the CCP Central Military Commission]] since 1989.

====Hong Kong====
{{As of|2026|1|20}}, the [[Executive Council of Hong Kong|Executive Council]] of [[Hong Kong]] is still composed of ''ex officio'' members (official members since 1997) and unofficial members (non-official members since 1997). By practice the ''ex officio'' members include the [[Principal officials of Hong Kong|secretaries of departments]], i.e. the [[Chief Secretary (Hong Kong)|Chief Secretary]], the [[Financial Secretary]] and the [[Secretary for Justice]]. Since 2002 all [[Principal officials of Hong Kong|secretaries of bureaux]] are also appointed by the [[Chief Executive (Hong Kong)|Chief Executive]] to be official members of the Executive Council. But since 2005 the secretaries of bureaux attend only when items on the agenda concern their portfolios.

===France===
Former presidents of the republic are ''ex officio'' members of the ''[[Conseil constitutionnel]]'' until death.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Member status |url=https://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/les-membres/statut-des-membres |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=Constitutional Council}}</ref>

===India===
The [[Vice-President of India]] is ''ex officio'' Chairman of [[Rajya Sabha]], the Upper House of the Indian Parliament.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/about_parliament/rajya_sabha_introduction.asp |title=Rajya Sabha – An Introduction |work=Rajya Sabha Secretariat}}</ref>

The [[prime minister of India]] is ''ex officio'' Chairman of [[NITI Aayog]]. Other ''ex officio'' members of NITI Aayog are the [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]], the [[Minister of Finance (India)|Minister of Finance]], the [[Minister of Railways (India)|Minister of Railways]], and the [[Minister of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.niti.gov.in/content/constitution-5 |title=Constitution, NITI Aayog |work=[[NITI Aayog]]}}</ref>

===Italy===
Former [[President of Italy|presidents]] are ''ex officio'' [[Senator for life (Italy)|members for life]] of the [[Senate of the Republic (Italy)|Senate]].

===North Korea===
The [[General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea]] is an ''ex officio'' member of the [[Presidium of the Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea|Presidium of the Politburo]], which is the top decision-making body in the [[Workers' Party of Korea]] (WPK). The WPK General Secretary is also the ''ex officio'' [[Central Military Commission of the Workers' Party of Korea|Chairman of the WPK Central Military Commission]].

=== Philippines ===
In [[Congress of the Philippines|Congress]], the presiding officers and their deputies, and the majority and minority leaders, are ''ex officio'' members of all committees. The chairman on each chamber's committee on rules is the majority leader. The [[President of the Senate of the Philippines|Senate President]] is the ''ex officio'' chairman of the [[Commission on Appointments]], but can only vote on ties. In the [[Judicial and Bar Council]], several positions are due to occupying another office.

In [[Sangguniang Panlalawigan|provincial boards]], the provincial presidents of the [[League of Barangays in the Philippines|League of Barangays]] (villages), [[Sangguniang Kabataan]] (youth councils) and of the [[Philippine Councilors League]] sit as ''ex officio'' board members. In [[Sangguniang Panlungsod|city]] and [[Sangguniang Bayan|municipal councils]], the city and municipal presidents of the League of Barangays and the youth councils sit as ''ex officio'' councilors. In barangays, the youth council chairman is an ''ex officio'' member of the [[Sangguniang Barangay|barangay council]]. The ''ex officio'' members have the same rights and privileges as the regular members of each legislature. The deputies of local chief executives (vice governors and vice mayors) are ''ex officio'' presiding officers of their respective legislatures, but [[Casting vote|can only vote when there is a tie]].

=== Russia ===
Russian [[Prime Minister of Russia|prime minister]], chairmans of [[State Duma]] and [[Federation Council (Russia)|Federation Council]], [[Chief of Staff of the Presidential Executive Office (Russia)|chief of staff]] and heads of [[Political divisions of Russia|federal subjects]] are ''ex officio'' members of [[State Council (Russia)|State Council]] (an advisory body to the head of state). [[President of Russia]] is an ''ex officio'' chairman of it,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.kremlin.ru/structure/state-council/members|title=State Council structure|website=[[kremlin.ru]]}}</ref> as well as [[Security Council of Russia|Security Council]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.kremlin.ru/structure/security-council/members|title=Security Council structure|website=[[kremlin.ru]]}}</ref>

===United Kingdom===
====House of Lords====
{{main|Lords Spiritual|Hereditary peer}}

In the [[House of Lords]], the bishops of the five Great Sees of [[Canterbury]], [[York]], [[London]], [[Durham, England|Durham]], and [[Winchester]] are ''ex officio'' members, and are entitled to vote just as any other Lord Spiritual.

Formerly, anyone holding a title in the [[Peerage of the United Kingdom]] was ''ex officio'' a member of the House of Lords. This entitlement was [[House of Lords Act 1999|abolished in 1999]]. Since then, only the [[Earl Marshal]] and the [[Lord Great Chamberlain]] (offices that are themselves hereditary) remain ''ex officio''; another 90 hereditary peers are elected by and from among those eligible.

==== Prime ministers ====
The [[prime minister of the United Kingdom]] is ''ex officio'' the [[First Lord of the Treasury]].

==== Scotland ====
The [[Lord President of the Court of Session]] is by virtue of office appointed as Lord Justice General of Scotland. As such, they are both head of the [[judiciary of Scotland]], president of the [[Court of Session]] (the most senior [[civil law (common law)|civil court]] in [[Scotland]]), and president of the [[High Court of Justiciary]] (the most senior [[criminal justice|criminal court]] in Scotland).

===United States===

==== Federal government ====
The [[vice president of the United States]], who also serves as President of the [[United States Senate|Senate]], may vote in the Senate on matters decided by a [[majority vote]] (as opposed to a three-fifths vote or [[two-thirds vote]]), if the votes for passage and rejection are equally divided.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/articles/article-i|title=The 1st Article of the U.S. Constitution|publisher=[[National Constitution Center]]|language=en|access-date=2019-04-03|archive-date=2023-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722195536/https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/articles/article-i|url-status=dead}}</ref> Also the leader of the parties in both houses are ''ex officio'' members of the [[United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence|House]] and [[United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence|Senate intelligence committees]]. Many committee chairs in the House of Representatives are [[United States congressional subcommittee#Service on subcommittees|''ex officio'' members of subcommittees]].

==== Colorado ====
In most [[Colorado]] counties, the county [[Sheriffs in the United States#Colorado|sheriff]] is elected by the citizens of the county. However, in the [[City and County of Denver]], the mayor of Denver appoints a "Manager of Safety" who oversees the Department of Safety (including the Fire, Police, and Sheriff Departments) and is the ''ex officio'' sheriff of the jurisdiction. Similarly, in the [[City and County of Broomfield, Colorado]], near Denver, the police chief (an appointed position) also acts ''ex officio'' as the county sheriff.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.broomfield.org/police|title=Broomfield Police Department | City and County of Broomfield - Official Website}}</ref>

==== New York City ====
The Speaker of the [[New York City Council]], and its Majority and Minority Leaders, are all ''ex officio'' members of each of its committees. Furthermore, each member of the Council is a non-voting ''ex officio'' member of each [[Community boards of New York City|community board]] whose boundaries include any of the council member's constituents.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nyclaws.readthedocs.io/nycchapter/c70/|title=Chapter 70—City Government in the Community—NYC Laws 0.0.1 documentation|publisher=nyclaws.readthedocs.io|access-date=2020-01-21|archive-date=2022-04-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408071000/https://nyclaws.readthedocs.io/nycchapter/c70/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Vietnam===
The [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam]] is the ''ex officio'' [[Secretary of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam|Secretary of the Central Military Commission]], making the officeholder ''de facto'' [[commander-in-chief]] of the [[People's Army of Vietnam]].

== Catholic Church example ==

=== Portugal ===
The [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Coimbra|Bishop of Coimbra]] is by virtue of office (''ex officio'') entitled to the [[Count of Arganil|Countship of Arganil]], a title they have never renounced after Portugal became a republic.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Bureaucratic organization]]
[[Category:Organizational structure]]

List of sitting judges of the high courts of India

2026-03-23T11:12:15Z

ShereeScotto4: small changes

{{short description|None}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}

There are 25 [[high courts of India|high courts in India]]. The total number of judges in these courts is 1122, of which 847 judges are permanent.<ref name="VacancyList" /> {{As of|2026|03|13|df=UK}}, 316 of the seats, about 28.16% are vacant.<ref name="VacancyList">{{citation |url=https://www.doj.gov.in/static/uploads/2026/03/c49adb37530a309f62e8c0381d21de53.pdf|title= Statement showing Sanctioned strength, Working Strength and Vacancies of Judges in the Supreme Court of India and the High Courts |date=13 March 2026 |work=Department of Justice, [[Ministry of Law and Justice (India)]]}} {{Citation |url=
https://doj.gov.in/vacancy-position/
|title=Vacancy Positions |work=Department of Justice, [[Ministry of Law and Justice (India)]]}}</ref>

[[Allahabad High Court]] has the largest number (160) of high court judges while [[Sikkim High Court]] has the smallest number (3).<ref name=VacancyList/> The lists of high court judges are maintained by the [[Ministry of Law and Justice (India)|Ministry of Law and Justice]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=List of High Court Judges|url=https://doj.gov.in/list-of-high-court-judges/|access-date=2025-07-06|website=doj.gov.in}}</ref>

== Maximum strength of judges in each high court ==
{{Static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
!High Court
!Jurisdiction
!Principal seat
!Permanent judges<ref name=VacancyList/>
!Additional judges<ref name=VacancyList/>
!Total judges<ref name=VacancyList/>
!Current Working<ref name=VacancyList/>
!Current Vacancies<ref name=VacancyList/>
|-
|[[Allahabad High Court]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|[[Allahabad]]
|119
|41
!160
!110
!50
|-
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court]]
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
|[[Amaravati]]
|28
|9
!37
!32
!5
|-
|[[Bombay High Court]]
|[[Maharashtra]], [[Goa]], [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]]
|[[Mumbai]]
|71
|23
!94
!80
!14
|-
|[[Calcutta High Court]]
|[[West Bengal]], [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
|[[Kolkata]]
|54
|18
!72
!43
!29
|-
|[[Chhattisgarh High Court]]
|[[Chhattisgarh]]
|[[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]]
|17
|5
!22
!15
!7
|-
|[[Delhi High Court]]
|[[Delhi|National Capital Territory of Delhi]]
|[[Delhi]]
|45
|15
!60
!44
!16
|-
|[[Gauhati High Court]]
|[[Assam]], [[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[Mizoram]], [[Nagaland]]
|[[Guwahati]]
|22
|8
!30
!25
!5
|-
|[[Gujarat High Court]]
|[[Gujarat]]
|[[Ahmedabad]]
|39
|13
!52
!35
!17
|-
|[[Himachal Pradesh High Court]]
|[[Himachal Pradesh]]
|[[Shimla]]
|13
|4
!17
!12
!5
|-
|[[High Court of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh|Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh High Court]]
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[Ladakh]]
|[[Srinagar]]/[[Jammu]]
|19
|6
!25
!14
!11
|-
|[[Jharkhand High Court]]
|[[Jharkhand]]
|[[Ranchi]]
|20
|5
!25
!14
!11
|-
|[[Karnataka High Court]]
|[[Karnataka]]
|[[Bangalore]]
|47
|15
!62
!46
!16
|-
|[[Kerala High Court]]
|[[Kerala]], [[Lakshadweep]]
|[[Kochi]]
|35
|12
!47
!40
!7
|-
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court]]
|[[Madhya Pradesh]]
|[[Jabalpur]]
|40
|13
!53
!42
!11
|-
|[[Madras High Court]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]], [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]]
|[[Chennai]]
|56
|19
!75
!53
!22
|-
|[[Manipur High Court]]
|[[Manipur]]
|[[Imphal]]
|4
|1
!5
!3
!2
|-
|[[Meghalaya High Court]]
|[[Meghalaya]]
|[[Shillong]]
|4
|0
!4
!4
!0
|-
|[[Orissa High Court]]
|[[Odisha]]
|[[Cuttack]]
|24
|9
!33
!19
!14
|-
|[[Patna High Court]]
|[[Bihar]]
|[[Patna]]
|40
|13
!53
!38
!15
|-
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court]]
|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Haryana]], [[Chandigarh]]
|[[Chandigarh]]
|64
|21
!85
!61
!24
|-
|[[Rajasthan High Court]]
|[[Rajasthan]]
|[[Jodhpur]]
|38
|12
!50
!39
!11
|-
|[[Sikkim High Court]]
|[[Sikkim]]
|[[Gangtok]]
|3
|0
!3
!3
!0
|-
|[[Telangana High Court]]
|[[Telangana]]
|[[Hyderabad]]
|32
|10
!42
!28
!14
|-
|[[Tripura High Court]]
|[[Tripura]]
|[[Agartala]]
|4
|1
!5
!4
!1
|-
|[[Uttarakhand High Court]]
|[[Uttarakhand]]
|[[Nainital]]
|9
|2
!11
!10
!1
|-
! colspan="3" |Total
!847
!275
!1122
!814
!308
|}

== Allahabad High Court ==
The [[Allahabad High Court]] in the state of Uttar Pradesh can have 119 permanent judges as well as 41 additional judges, bringing its total sanctioned strength to 160 judges.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Introduction of the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad|url=http://allahabadhighcourt.in/intro.htm|access-date=2020-11-03|website=allahabadhighcourt.in}}</ref> According to the high court's website, currently it has 109 judges.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chief Justice/Judges of the High Court Allahabad & its Bench at Lucknow |url=http://allahabadhighcourt.in/service/judgeListLocation.jsp |access-date=3 October 2025 |website=Allahabad High Court}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=NETWORK|first=LIVELAW NEWS|date=2020-11-17|title=Allahabad High Court Gets 28 Permanent Judges|url=https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/allahabad-high-court-gets-28-permanent-judges-165975|access-date=2020-11-17|website=www.livelaw.in|language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Permanent judges
!Name of the Judge
!Source
!Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment As Pmt. Judge
!Date of retirement
!Remarks
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
|'''[[Arun Bhansali]] (CJ)'''
|Bar
|{{dts|2013|1|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2015|1|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|10|14|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ w.e.f. 05.02.2024 (PHC: Rajasthan)'''
|[[Altamas Kabir]]
|-
|[[Mahesh Chandra Tripathi]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2013|9|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2015|4|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|6|20|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="3" |[[Palanisamy Sathasivam]]
|-
|[[Arindam Sinha]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2013|10|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2016|3|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|9|21|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 07.04.2025 (PHC: Calcutta)
|-
|Rajan Roy
|Bar
|{{dts|2014|2|3|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2016|2|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|8|14|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|[[Yashwant Verma|Yashwant Varma]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2014|10|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2016|2|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|1|5|format=dmy}}
|
|[[H. L. Dattu]]
|-
|[[Atul Sreedharan]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2016|4|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|3|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|5|24|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 11.11.2025 (PHC: MP)
| rowspan="3" |[[Tirath Singh Thakur]]
|-
|Siddhartha Varma
|Bar
|{{dts|2016|11|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|3|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|9|18|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Sangeeta Chandra
|Bar
|{{dts|2016|11|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|3|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|4|22|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Saumitra Dayal Singh
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|2|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|3|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|12|19|format=dmy}}
|
|[[Jagdish Singh Khehar]]
|-
|Shekhar B. Saraf
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|9|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|9|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|10|20|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 17.11.2023 (PHC: Calcutta)
| rowspan="30" |[[Dipak Misra]]
|-
|Salil Kumar Rai
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|9|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|9|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|8|7|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Rajesh Singh Chauhan
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|9|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|9|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|7|17|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Irshad Ali
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|9|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|3|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|12|11|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Saral Srivastava
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|9|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|9|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|10|28|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Jahangir Jamshed Munir
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|9|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|9|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|8|22|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Rajiv Gupta
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|9|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|9|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|10|21|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Siddharth
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|9|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|9|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|4|14|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Ajit Kumar
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|9|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|9|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|12|21|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Rajnish Kumar
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|9|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|9|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|8|9|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|[[Abdul Moin]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|9|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|9|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|10|31|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Rajeev Misra
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|9|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|9|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|1|19|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|[[Chandra Dhari Singh]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|9|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|9|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|7|11|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Ajay Bhanot
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|9|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|9|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|8|3|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Neeraj Tiwari
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|9|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|9|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|7|8|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Manoj Bajaj
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|10|29|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|9|11|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|6|22|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 24.07.2023 (PHC: P&H)
|-
|Prakash Padia
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|11|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|11|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|3|9|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Alok Mathur
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|11|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|11|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|11|15|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Pankaj Bhatia
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|11|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|11|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|9|14|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Saurabh Lavania
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|11|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|11|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|4|16|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Vivek Varma
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|11|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|11|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|12|28|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Piyush Agrawal
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|11|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|11|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|11|5|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Saurabh Shyam Shamsherry
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|11|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|11|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|2|3|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Jaspreet Singh
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|11|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|11|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|8|28|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Rajeev Singh
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|11|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|11|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|4|2|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|[[Manju Rani Chauhan]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|11|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|11|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|8|28|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Karunesh Singh Pawar
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|11|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|11|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|5|18|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Yogendra Kumar Srivastava
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|11|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|11|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|12|29|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Manish Mathur
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|11|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|11|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|6|8|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Rohit Ranjan Agarwal
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|11|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|11|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|7|4|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Rajbeer Singh
|Service
|{{dts|2018|11|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|11|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|12|5|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="7" |[[Ranjan Gogoi]]
|-
|[[Shekhar Kumar Yadav]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2019|12|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|3|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|4|15|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Deepak Verma
|Bar
|{{dts|2019|12|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|3|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|3|29|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Gautam Chowdhary
|Bar
|{{dts|2019|12|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|3|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|11|8|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Dinesh Pathak
|Bar
|{{dts|2019|12|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|3|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|1|6|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Manish Kumar
|Bar
|{{dts|2019|12|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|3|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|9|15|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Samit Gopal
|Bar
|{{dts|2019|12|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|3|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|12|29|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Sanjay Kumar Pachori
|Service
|{{dts|2020|9|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2022|6|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|2|28|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="2" |[[Sharad Bobde|S. A. Bobde]]
|-
|Subhash Chandra Sharma
|Service
|{{dts|2020|9|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2022|6|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|10|3|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Chandra Kumar Rai
|Bar
|{{dts|2021|10|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|3|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|10|14|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="11" |[[N. V. Ramana]]
|-
|Krishan Pahal
|Bar
|{{dts|2021|10|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|3|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|6|22|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Sameer Jain
|Bar
|{{dts|2021|10|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|3|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|2|25|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Ashutosh Srivastava
|Bar
|{{dts|2021|10|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|3|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|12|2|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Subhash Vidyarthi
|Bar
|{{dts|2021|10|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|3|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|4|29|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Brij Raj Singh
|Bar
|{{dts|2021|10|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|3|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|8|6|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Shree Prakash Singh
|Bar
|{{dts|2021|10|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|3|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|02|7|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Vikas Budhwar
|Bar
|{{dts|2021|10|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|3|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|6|27|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Vikram D Chauhan
|Bar
|{{dts|2021|10|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|3|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|9|22|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Saurabh Srivastava
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|8|3|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|3|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|7|29|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Ram Manohar Narayan Mishra
|Service
|{{dts|2022|8|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|9|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|11|5|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Syed Qamar Hasan Rizvi
|Bar
|{{dts|2023|2|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|8|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|11|18|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="9" |[[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]]
|-
|Manish Kumar Nigam
|Bar
|{{dts|2023|2|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|8|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|6|14|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Anish Kumar Gupta
|Bar
|{{dts|2023|2|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|8|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|1|2|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Nand Prabha Shukla
|Bar
|{{dts|2023|2|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|8|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|6|29|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Kshitij Shailendra
|Bar
|{{dts|2023|2|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|8|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|7|13|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Vinod Diwakar
|Bar
|{{dts|2023|2|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|8|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2038|9|14|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Prashant Kumar
|Bar
|{{dts|2023|2|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|8|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|5|29|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Manjive Shukla
|Bar
|{{dts|2023|2|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|8|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|11|7|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Arun Kumar Singh Deshwal
|Bar
|{{dts|2023|2|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|8|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|7|6|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Praveen Kumar Giri
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2025|1|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|1|19|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="7" |[[Sanjiv Khanna]]
|-
|Jitendra Kumar sinha
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|4|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|5|27|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Anil Kumar-X
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|4|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|4|20|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Sandeep Jain
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|4|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|11|28|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Avnish Saxena
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|4|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|2|7|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Madan Pal Singh
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|4|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|1|1|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Harvir Singh
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|4|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|3|12|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Pramod Kumar Srivastava
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|8|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|1|4|format=dmy}}
|
|[[B. R. Gavai]]
|-
|Abdul Shahid
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|8|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|7|5|format=dmy}}
|
|[[Sanjiv Khanna]]
|-
|Santosh Rai
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|8|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|6|30|format=dmy}}
|
|[[B. R. Gavai]]
|-
|[[Tej Pratap Tiwari]]
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|8|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|8|1|format=dmy}}
|
|[[Sanjiv Khanna]]
|-
|Zafeer Ahmad
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|8|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|1|29|format=dmy}}
|
|[[B. R. Gavai]]
|-
|Arun Kumar
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2025|9|3|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|4|2|format=dmy}}
|
|[[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]]
|-
|Amitabh Kumar Rai
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2025|9|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|6|3|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="2" |[[Sanjiv Khanna]]
|-
|Rajiv Lochan Shukla
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2025|9|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2040|8|2|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Vivek Saran
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2025|9|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|10|30|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="26" |[[B. R. Gavai]]
|-
|Vivek Kumar Singh
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2025|9|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|10|7|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Garima Prashad
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2025|9|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|10|22|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Sudhanshu Chauhan
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2025|9|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|7|9|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Abdhesh Kumar Chaudhary
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2025|9|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|12|19|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Swarupama Chaturvedi
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2025|9|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2039|12|31|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Siddharth Nandan
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2025|9|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2040|5|25|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Kunal Ravi Singh
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2025|9|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2041|6|10|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Indrajeet Shukla
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2025|9|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2040|6|30|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Satya Veer Singh
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2025|9|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2039|7|6|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Ajay Kumar-II
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|9|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|6|5|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Chawan Prakash
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|9|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|7|4|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Divesh Chandra Samant
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|9|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|2|4|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Prashant Mishra-I
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|9|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|12|24|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Tarun Saxena
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|9|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|1|10|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Rajeev Bharti
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|9|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|1|20|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Padam Narayan Mishra
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|9|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|10|2|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Lakshmi Kant Shukla
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|9|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|7|1|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Jai Prakash Tiwari
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|9|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|1|1|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Devendra Singh-I
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|9|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|11|13|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Sanjiv Kumar
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|9|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|2|7|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Vani Ranjan Agrawal
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|9|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|9|20|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Achal Sachdev
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|9|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|12|30|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Babita Rani
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|9|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|4|23|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Vinai Kumar Dwivedi
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|10|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|10|31|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Jai Krishna Upadhyay
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2026|1|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|8|13|format=dmy}}
|
|}
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Additional judges
!Name of Addl. Judge
!Source
!Date of appointment
!Date of expiry of present term
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
| --
| --
| --
| --
| --
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Judges transferred from the Allahabad High Court
!Name of the Judge
!Source
!Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment As Pmt. Judge
!Date of retirement
!Remarks
|-
|'''[[Ramesh Sinha]]'''
|Bar
|{{dts|2011|11|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2013|8|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|9|4|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ of Chhattisgarh'''
|-
|'''[[Sunita Agarwal]]'''
|Bar
|{{dts|2011|11|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2013|8|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|4|29|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ of Gujarat'''
|-
|'''[[Devendra Kumar Upadhyaya]]'''
|Bar
|{{dts|2011|11|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2013|8|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|6|15|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ of''' '''Delhi'''
|-
|'''[[Manoj Kumar Gupta]]'''
|Bar
|{{dts|2013|4|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2015|4|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|10|8|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ of''' '''Uttarakhand'''
|-
|Ashwani Kumar Mishra
|Bar
|{{dts|2014|2|3|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2016|2|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|11|15|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to P&H
|-
|Vivek Chaudhary
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|2|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|3|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|5|12|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Delhi
|-
|Jayant Banerji
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|9|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|9|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|1|16|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Karnataka
|-
|Dinesh Kumar Singh
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|9|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|9|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|8|17|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Karnataka
|-
|Vivek Kumar Singh
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|9|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|9|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|3|24|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to MP
|-
|Sanjay Kumar Singh
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|11|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|11|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|1|20|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Patna
|-
|Ravi Nath Tilhari
|Bar
|{{dts|2019|12|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|3|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|2|8|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to AP
|-
|Shamim Ahmed
|Bar
|{{dts|2019|12|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|3|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|3|7|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Madras
|-
|Om Prakash Shukla
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|8|3|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|3|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2039|4|19|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Delhi
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Current Judges elevated to Supreme Court
!Name of the Judge
!Image
!Date of Appointment as Judge
!Date of elevation to Supreme Court
!Date of retirement
|-
|'''[[Vikram Nath]]'''
|[[File:Hon'ble_Justice_Vikram_Nath.jpg|alt=|87x87px|Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud]]
|{{dts|2004|9|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|8|31|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|9|23|format=dmy}}
|-
|'''[[Pankaj Mithal]]'''
|[[File:Justice_Pankaj_Mithal.jpg|alt=|87x87px|Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud]]
|{{dts|2006|7|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|2|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|6|16|format=dmy}}
|-
|'''[[Manoj Misra]]'''
|[[File:Justice Manoj Misra.jpg|alt=|108x108px|Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud]]
|{{dts|2011|11|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|2|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|6|1|format=dmy}}
|}

== Andhra Pradesh High Court ==
The [[Andhra Pradesh High Court]] sits at Amravati, the capital of the state of Andhra Pradesh, and can have maximum of 37 judges, of which 28 must be permanently appointed and 9 may be additionally appointed. The court currently has 34 judges.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CJ & Sitting Judges|url=http://hc.ap.nic.in/profile.html|website=Andhra Pradesh High Court}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Permanent judges
!Name of the Judge
!Source
!Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment As Pmt. Judge
!Date of retirement
!Remarks
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
|'''[[Dhiraj Singh Thakur]] (CJ)'''
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2013|3|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|4|24|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ w.e.f. 28.07.2023 (PHC: J&K and Ladakh)'''
|[[Altamas Kabir]]
|-
|[[Lisa Gill]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2014|3|31|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2014|12|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|11|16|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 13.03.2026 (PHC: P&H)
|
|-
|Cheekati Manavendranath Roy
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2019|6|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|5|20|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="6" |[[Ranjan Gogoi]]
|-
|Ravi Nath Tilhari
|Bar
|{{dts|2019|12|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|3|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|2|8|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 18.10.2021 (PHC: Allahabad)
|-
|Rao Raghunandan Rao
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2020|1|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|6|29|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Battu Devanand
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2020|1|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|4|13|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Donadi Ramesh
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2020|1|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|6|26|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Nainala Jayasurya
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2020|1|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|8|26|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Boppudi Krishna Mohan
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2020|5|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|2|4|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="2" |[[Sharad Bobde|S. A. Bobde]]
|-
|Kanchireddy Suresh Reddy
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2020|5|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|12|6|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Boddupalli Sri Bhanumathi
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2021|12|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|8|30|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="8" |[[N. V. Ramana]]
|-
|Konakanti Sreenivasa Reddy
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|6|2|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Gannamaneni Ramakrishna Prasad
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|5|27|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Venkateswarlu Nimmagadda
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|6|30|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Tarlada Rajasekhar Rao
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|8|2|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Satti Subba Reddy
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|2|4|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Ravi Cheemalapati
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|12|3|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Vaddiboyana Sujatha
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|9|9|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Subhendu Samanta
|Service
|{{dts|2022|5|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|4|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|11|24|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 29.10.2025 (PHC: Calcutta)
|[[Sharad Bobde|S. A. Bobde]]
|-
|Srinivas Vutukuru
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2022|8|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|4|17|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="2" |[[N. V. Ramana]]
|-
|Boppana Varaha Lakshmi Narasimha Chakravarthi
|Service
|{{dts|2022|8|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|3|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|8|14|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Venkata Jyothirmai Pratapa
|Service
|{{dts|2023|1|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|8|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|7|31|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="6" |[[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]]
|-
|Venuthurmalli Gopala Krishna Rao
|Service
|{{dts|2023|1|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|8|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|8|29|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Harinath Nunepally
|Bar
|{{dts|2023|10|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|8|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|1|11|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Kiranmayee Mandava
|Bar
|{{dts|2023|10|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|8|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|7|29|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Sumathi Jagadam
|Bar
|{{dts|2023|10|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|8|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|6|27|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Nyapathy Vijay
|Bar
|{{dts|2023|10|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|8|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|8|7|format=dmy}}
|
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Additional judges
!Name of Addl. Judge
!Source
!Date of appointment
!Date of expiry of present term
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
|Maheswara Rao Kuncheam
|Bar
|{{dts|2024|10|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|10|27|format=dmy}}
| rowspan="3" |[[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]]
|-
|Thoota Chandra Dhana Sekar
|Bar
|{{dts|2024|10|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|10|27|format=dmy}}
|-
|Challa Gunaranjan
|Bar
|{{dts|2024|10|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|10|27|format=dmy}}
|-
|Avadhanam Hari Haranadha Sarma
|Service
|{{dts|2025|1|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|1|23|format=dmy}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Sanjiv Khanna]]
|-
|Yadavalli Lakshmana Rao
|Service
|{{dts|2025|1|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|1|23|format=dmy}}
|-
|Tuhin Kumar Gedela
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|8|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|8|3|format=dmy}}
|[[B. R. Gavai]]
|-
|Balaji Medamalli
|Bar
|{{dts|2026|2|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|2|11|format=dmy}}
|[[Surya Kant]]
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Judges transferred from the Andhra Pradesh High Court
!Name of the Judge
!Source
!Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment As Pmt. Judge
!Date of retirement
!Remarks
|-
|[[Lalitha Kanneganti]]
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2020|5|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|5|4|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Karnataka
|-
|Kumbhajadala Manmadha Rao
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2021|12|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|6|12|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Karnataka
|}
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Current Judges elevated to Supreme Court
!Name of the Judge
!Image
!Date of Appointment as Judge
!Date of elevation to Supreme Court
!Date of retirement
|-
|'''[[Sarasa Venkatanarayana Bhatti]]'''
|[[File:Justice_S._V._Bhatti.jpg|alt=|109x109px|Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud]]
|{{dts|2013|4|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|7|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|5|5|format=dmy}}
|}

== Bombay High Court ==
The [[Bombay High Court]] sits at [[Mumbai]], the capital of the state of Maharashtra, and has additional benches in [[Aurangabad]] and [[Nagpur]] in Maharashtra, as well as [[Panaji]] in the state of Goa. It may have a maximum of 94 judges, of which 71 must be permanently appointed and 23 may be additionally appointed. Currently, it has a total of 79 Judges.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Chief Justice and Present Judges - High Court of Bombay|url=http://bombayhighcourt.nic.in/jshow.php|access-date=2019-02-04|website=bombayhighcourt.nic.in}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Permanent judges
!Name of the Judge
!Source
!Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment As Pmt. Judge
!Date of retirement
!Remarks
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
|'''[[Shree Chandrashekhar]] (CJ)'''
|Bar
|{{dts|2013|1|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2014|6|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|5|24|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ w.e.f. 05.09.2025 Joined on 21.07.2025 (PHC: Jharkhand)'''
|
|-
|Ravindra Vithalrao Ghuge
|Bar
|{{dts|2013|6|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2016|3|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|7|8|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Ajey Shrikant Gadkari
|Bar
|{{dts|2014|1|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2016|3|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|6|13|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Girish Sharadchandra Kulkarni
|Bar
|{{dts|2014|1|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2016|3|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|6|23|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Burgess Pesi Colabawalla
|Bar
|{{dts|2014|1|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2016|3|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|12|15|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Suman Shyam
|Bar
|{{dts|2015|1|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2017|1|3|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|6|11|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 21.07.2025 (PHC: Gauhati)
|
|-
|Makarand Subhash Karnik
|Bar
|{{dts|2016|3|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|3|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|2|9|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|[[Bharati Harish Dangre]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|6|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|4|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|5|9|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Sarang Vijaykumar Kotwal
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|6|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|4|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|4|12|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Riyaz Iqbal Chagla
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|6|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|4|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|10|21|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Manish Pitale
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|6|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|4|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|9|10|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Vibha Vasant Kankanwadi
|Service
|{{dts|2017|6|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|4|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|6|23|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Shriram Madhusudan Modak
|Service
|{{dts|2018|10|11|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|9|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|11|12|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="2" |[[Dipak Misra]]
|-
|Nijamoddin Jahiroddin Jamadar
|Service
|{{dts|2018|10|11|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|9|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|9|21|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Nitin Bhagawantrao Suryawanshi
|Bar
|{{dts|2019|8|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|6|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|5|29|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="8" |[[Ranjan Gogoi]]
|-
|Anil Satyavijay Kilor
|Bar
|{{dts|2019|8|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|6|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|9|2|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Milind Narendra Jadhav
|Bar
|{{dts|2019|8|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|6|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|8|13|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Mukulika Shrikant Jawalkar
|Service
|{{dts|2019|12|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|6|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|5|25|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Nitin Rudrasen Borkar
|Service
|{{dts|2019|12|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|6|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|8|1|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Madhav Jayajirao Jamdar
|Bar
|{{dts|2020|1|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2022|1|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|1|12|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Amit Bhalchandra Borkar
|Bar
|{{dts|2020|1|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2022|1|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|1|1|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Abhay Ahuja
|Bar
|{{dts|2020|3|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|1|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|8|23|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Rajesh Narayandas Laddha
|Service
|{{dts|2021|6|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|3|9|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|4|26|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="2" |[[Sharad Bobde|S. A. Bobde]]
|-
|Shivkumar Ganpatrao Dige
|Service
|{{dts|2021|6|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|3|9|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|8|2|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Anil Laxman Pansare
|Service
|{{dts|2021|10|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|8|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|11|13|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="12" |[[N. V. Ramana]]
|-
|Sandipkumar Chandrabhan More
|Service
|{{dts|2021|10|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|8|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|4|6|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Urmila Sachin Joshi-Phalke
|Service
|{{dts|2022|6|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|3|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|4|14|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Kishore Chandrakant Sant
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|7|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|3|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|10|6|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Valmiki SA Menezes
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|7|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|3|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|7|28|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Kamal Rashmi Khata
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|7|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|3|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|11|25|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Sharmila Uttamrao Deshmukh
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|7|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|3|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|2|27|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Arun Ramnath Pedneker
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|7|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|3|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|6|23|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Sandeep Vishnupant Marne
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|7|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|3|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|12|8|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Gauri Vinod Godse
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|7|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|3|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|10|7|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Rajesh Shantaram Patil
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|7|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|3|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|7|20|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|[[Arif S. Doctor|Arif Saleh Doctor]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|7|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|3|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|7|16|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Sanjay Anandrao Deshmukh
|Service
|{{dts|2022|10|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|9|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|5|11|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="8" |[[Uday Umesh Lalit|U. U. Lalit]]
|-
|Yanshivraj Gopichand Khobragade
|Service
|{{dts|2022|10|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|7|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|5|8|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Mahendra Wadhumal Chandwani
|Service
|{{dts|2022|10|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|7|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|5|23|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Abhay Sopanrao Waghwase
|Service
|{{dts|2022|10|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|7|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|12|9|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Ravindra Madhusudan Joshi
|Service
|{{dts|2022|10|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|7|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|9|28|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Vrushali Vijay Joshi
|Service
|{{dts|2022|10|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|9|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|12|5|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Santosh Govindrao Chapalgaonkar
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|11|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|7|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|3|3|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Milind Manohar Sathaye
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|11|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|7|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|9|5|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Neela Kedar Gokhale
|Bar
|{{dts|2023|1|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|7|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|5|2|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="8" |[[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]]
|-
|Shailesh Pramod Brahme
|Bar
|{{dts|2023|6|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|3|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|2|13|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Firdosh Phiroze Pooniwalla
|Bar
|{{dts|2023|6|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|3|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|3|3|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Jitendra Shantilal Jain
|Bar
|{{dts|2023|6|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|3|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|2|26|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Abhay Jainarayanji Mantri
|Service
|{{dts|2023|10|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|9|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|1|15|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Shyam Chhaganlal Chandak
|Service
|{{dts|2023|10|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|9|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|12|9|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Neeraj Pradeep Dhote
|Service
|{{dts|2023|10|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|9|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|7|27|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Somasekhar Sundaresan
|Bar
|{{dts|2023|11|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|9|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|12|22|format=dmy}}
|
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Additional judges
!Name of Addl. Judge
!Source
!Date of appointment
!Date of expiry of present term
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
|Manjusha Ajay Deshpande
|Bar
|{{dts|2023|8|11|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|8|10|format=dmy}} (Fresh term given for one-year w.e.f. 11/08/2025)
| rowspan="6" |[[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]]
|-
|Nivedita Prakash Mehta
|Bar
|{{dts|2024|10|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|10|24|format=dmy}}
|-
|Prafulla Surendrakumar Khubalkar
|Bar
|{{dts|2024|10|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|10|24|format=dmy}}
|-
|Ashwin Damodar Bhobe
|Bar
|{{dts|2024|10|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|10|24|format=dmy}}
|-
|Rohit Wasudeo Joshi
|Bar
|{{dts|2024|10|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|10|24|format=dmy}}
|-
|Advait Mahendra Sethna
|Bar
|{{dts|2024|10|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|10|24|format=dmy}}
|-
|Pravin Sheshrao Patil
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|1|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|1|26|format=dmy}}
|[[Sanjiv Khanna]]
|-
|Sachin Shivajirao Deshmukh
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|6|9|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|6|8|format=dmy}}
| rowspan="3" |[[Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]]
|-
|Gautam Ashwin Ankhad
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|7|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|7|3|format=dmy}}
|-
|Mahendra Madhavrao Nerlikar
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|7|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|7|3|format=dmy}}
|-
|Ajit Bhagwanrao Kadethankar
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|8|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|8|18|format=dmy}}
| rowspan="17" |[[B. R. Gavai]]
|-
|Sushil Manohar Ghodeswar
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|8|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|8|18|format=dmy}}
|-
|Aarti Arun Sathe
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|8|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|8|18|format=dmy}}
|-
|Siddheshwar Sundarrao Thombre
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|9|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|9|1|format=dmy}}
|-
|Mehroz Ashraf Khan Pathan
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|9|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|9|1|format=dmy}}
|-
|Ranjitsinha Raja Bhonsale
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|9|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|9|1|format=dmy}}
|-
|Nandesh Shankarrao Deshpande
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|9|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|9|1|format=dmy}}
|-
|Amit Satyavan Jamsandekar
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|9|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|9|1|format=dmy}}
|-
|Ashish Sahadev Chavan
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|9|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|9|1|format=dmy}}
|-
|Sandesh Dadasaheb Patil
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|9|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|9|1|format=dmy}}
|-
|Vaishali Nimbajirao Patil-Jadhav
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|9|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|9|1|format=dmy}}
|-
|Abasaheb Dharmaji Shinde
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|9|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|9|1|format=dmy}}
|-
|Shreeram Vinayak Shirsat
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|9|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|9|1|format=dmy}}
|-
|Hiten Shamrao Venegavkar
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|9|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|9|1|format=dmy}}
|-
|Farhan Parvez Dubash
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|9|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|9|1|format=dmy}}
|-
|Rajnish Ratnakar Vyas
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|9|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|9|1|format=dmy}}
|-
|Raj Damodar Wakode
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|9|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|9|1|format=dmy}}
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Judges transferred from the Bombay High Court
!Name of the Judge
!Source
!Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment as Pmt. Judge
!Date of retirement
!Remarks
|-
|[[Revati Mohite Dere|'''Revati Prashant Mohite Dere''']]
|Bar
|{{dts|2013|6|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2016|3|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|4|16|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ of Meghalaya'''
|-
|[[M. S. Sonak|'''Mahesh Sharadchandra Sonak''']]
|Bar
|{{dts|2013|6|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2016|3|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|11|27|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ of Jharkhand'''
|-
|Nitin Wasudeo Sambre
|Bar
|{{dts|2014|1|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2016|3|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|12|18|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Delhi
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Current Judges elevated to Supreme Court
!Name of the Judge
!Image
!Date of Appointment as Judge
!Date of elevation to Supreme Court
!Date of retirement
|-
|[[Prasanna B. Varale|'''Prasanna Bhalachandra Varale''']]
|[[File:Justice_P._B._Varale.jpg|alt=|109x109px|Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud]]
|{{dts|2008|7|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|1|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|6|22|format=dmy}}
|-
|[[A. S. Chandurkar|'''Atul Sharachchandra Chandurkar''']]
|[[File:Justice Atul Chandurkar.jpg|alt=|92x92px|Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud]]
|{{dts|2013|6|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|5|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|4|6|format=dmy}}
|}

== Calcutta High Court ==
The [[Calcutta High Court]] sits at Kolkata, the capital of the state of West Bengal, and has additional benches sitting at [[Port Blair]] in the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], as well as at [[Jalpaiguri]] in West Bengal. It can have a total of 72 judges, of which 54 judges must be permanently appointed and 18 may be additionally appointed. Currently, it has 42 judges.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Calcutta High Court - Judges|url=http://calcuttahighcourt.gov.in/Judges/CJ-and-Judges|access-date=2019-02-04|website=calcuttahighcourt.gov.in}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Permanent judges
!Name of the Judge
!Source
!Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment as Pmt. Judge
!Date of retirement
!Remarks
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
|'''[[Sujoy Paul]] (CJ)'''
|Bar
|{{dts|2011|5|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2014|4|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|6|20|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ w.e.f. 16.01.2026 Joined on 18.07.2025 (PHC: MP)'''
|
|-
|Tapabrata Chakraborty
|Bar
|{{dts|2013|10|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2016|3|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|11|26|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Arijit Banerjee
|Bar
|{{dts|2013|10|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2016|3|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|3|6|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Debangsu Basak
|Bar
|{{dts|2013|10|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2016|3|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|6|18|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Madhuresh Prasad
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|5|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|4|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|10|1|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 02.11.2023 (PHC: Patna)
|
|-
|Rajasekhar Mantha
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|9|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|9|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|10|28|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Sabyasachi Bhattacharyya
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|9|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|9|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|8|29|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Rajarshi Bharadwaj
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|9|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|9|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|8|3|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Shampa Sarkar
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|3|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|2|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|2|17|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="5" |[[Dipak Misra]]
|-
|Ravi Krishan Kapur
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|3|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|2|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|10|4|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Arindam Mukherjee
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|3|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|2|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|9|29|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Amrita Sinha
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|5|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|4|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|12|24|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Jay Sen Gupta
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|5|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|4|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|10|29|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|[[Suvra Ghosh]]
|Service
|{{dts|2018|11|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|5|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|4|22|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="6" |[[Ranjan Gogoi]]
|-
|Tirthankar Ghosh
|Bar
|{{dts|2019|2|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|9|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|9|28|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Hiranmay Bhattacharyya
|Bar
|{{dts|2019|2|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|9|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|12|17|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Saugata Bhattacharyya
|Bar
|{{dts|2019|2|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|9|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|7|26|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Kausik Chanda
|Bar
|{{dts|2019|10|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|9|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|1|3|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Aniruddha Roy
|Bar
|{{dts|2020|5|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2022|1|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|10|14|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Sugato Majumdar
|Service
|{{dts|2021|8|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2022|5|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|12|24|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="2" |[[Sharad Bobde|S. A. Bobde]]
|-
|Bivas Pattanayak
|Service
|{{dts|2021|8|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2022|5|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|11|22|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Krishna Rao
|Bar
|{{dts|2021|11|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|8|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|3|2|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="4" |[[N. V. Ramana]]
|-
|Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee
|Service
|{{dts|2021|11|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|8|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|1|7|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Dinesh Kumar Sharma
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2022|2|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|9|20|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 07.04.2025 (PHC: Delhi)
|-
|Gaurang Kanth
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|5|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|8|19|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 21.07.2023 (PHC: Delhi)
|-
|Ananya Bandyopadhyay
|Service
|{{dts|2022|5|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|2|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|3|2|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="2" |[[Sharad Bobde|S. A. Bobde]]
|-
|Rai Chattopadhyay
|Service
|{{dts|2022|5|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|2|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|11|1|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Shampa Dutt (Paul)
|Service
|{{dts|2022|6|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|2|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|10|27|format=dmy}}
|
|[[N. V. Ramana]]
|-
|Raja Basu Chowdhury
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|6|9|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|2|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|10|19|format=dmy}}
|
|[[Ranjan Gogoi]]
|-
|Partha Sarathi Sen
|Service
|{{dts|2022|8|31|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|8|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|7|2|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="2" |[[N. V. Ramana]]
|-
|Apurba Sinha Ray
|Service
|{{dts|2022|8|31|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|8|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|11|24|format=dmy}}
|
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Additional judges
!Name of Addl. Judge
!Source
!Date of appointment
!Date of expiry of present term
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
|Biswaroop Chowdhury
|Service
|{{dts|2022|8|31|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|8|30|format=dmy}} (Fresh term given for one-year w.e.f. 31/08/2025)
| rowspan="7" |[[N. V. Ramana]]
|-
|Prasenjit Biswas
|Service
|{{dts|2022|8|31|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|8|30|format=dmy}} (Fresh term given for one-year w.e.f. 31/08/2025)
|-
|Uday Kumar
|Service
|{{dts|2022|8|31|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|8|30|format=dmy}} (Fresh term given for one-year w.e.f. 31/08/2025)
|-
|Ajay Kumar Gupta
|Service
|{{dts|2022|8|31|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|8|30|format=dmy}} (Fresh term given for one-year w.e.f. 31/08/2025)
|-
|Supratim Bhattacharya
|Service
|{{dts|2022|8|31|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|8|30|format=dmy}} (Fresh term given for one-year w.e.f. 31/08/2025)
|-
|Partha Sarathi Chatterjee
|Service
|{{dts|2022|8|31|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|8|30|format=dmy}} (Fresh term given for one-year w.e.f. 31/08/2025)
|-
|Md. Shabbar Rashidi
|Service
|{{dts|2022|8|31|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|8|30|format=dmy}} (Fresh term given for one-year w.e.f. 31/08/2025)
|-
|Chaitali Chatterjee (Das)
|Service
|{{dts|2025|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|2|13|format=dmy}}
|[[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]]
|-
|Smita Das De
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|3|11|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|3|10|format=dmy}}
| rowspan="3" |[[Sanjiv Khanna]]
|-
|Reetobroto Kumar Mitra
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|3|11|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|3|10|format=dmy}}
|-
|Om Narayan Rai
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|3|11|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|3|10|format=dmy}}
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Judges transferred from the Calcutta High Court
!Name of the Judge
!Source
!Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment as Pmt. Judge
!Date of retirement
!Remarks
|-
|[[Harish Tandon|'''Harish Tandon''']]
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2010|4|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|11|15|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ of Orissa'''
|-
|[[Soumen Sen|'''Soumen Sen''']]
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2011|4|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|7|26|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ of Kerala'''
|-
|[[Arindam Sinha]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2013|10|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2016|3|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|9|21|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Allahabad
|-
|Shekhar B. Saraf
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|9|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|9|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|10|20|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Allahabad
|-
|Moushumi Bhattacharya
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|9|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|9|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|10|26|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Telangana
|-
|Bibek Chaudhuri
|Service
|{{dts|2018|10|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|5|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|10|31|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Patna
|-
|Subhendu Samanta
|Service
|{{dts|2022|5|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|4|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|11|24|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to AP
|-
|Lapita Banerji
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|6|9|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|2|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|6|22|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to P&H
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Current Judges elevated to Supreme Court
!Name of the Judge
!Image
!Date of Appointment as Judge
!Date of elevation to Supreme Court
!Date of retirement
|-
| '''[[Dipankar Datta]]'''
|[[File:Justice_Dipankar_Datta.jpg|alt=|93x93px|Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud]]
| {{dts|2006|6|22|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2022|12|12|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2030|2|8|format=dmy}}
|-
|[[Joymalya Bagchi|'''Joymalya Bagchi''']]
|[[File:Justice Joymalya Bagchi.jpg|alt=|89x89px|Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud]]
|{{dts|2011|6|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|3|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|10|2|format=dmy}}
|}

== Chhattisgarh High Court ==
The [[Chhattisgarh High Court]] sits at Bilaspur in the state of Chhattisgarh, and may have a maximum of 22 judges, of which 17 may be permanent and 5 may be additionally appointed. Currently, it has 15 judges.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Chhattisgarh Highcourt - Sitting Judges|url=http://highcourt.cg.gov.in/sittingjudges/sitting.html|access-date=2019-02-04|website=highcourt.cg.gov.in|archive-date=16 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816002205/http://highcourt.cg.gov.in/sittingjudges/sitting.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Permanent judges
!Name of the Judge
!Source
!Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment as Pmt. Judge
!Date of retirement
!Remarks
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
|'''[[Ramesh Sinha]] (CJ)'''
|Bar
|{{dts|2011|11|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2013|8|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|9|4|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ w.e.f. 29.03.2023''' '''(PHC: Allahabad)'''
|
|-
|Sanjay Kumar Agrawal
|Bar
|{{dts|2013|9|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2016|3|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|7|14|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Sanjay Agrawal
|Bar
|{{dts|2016|9|29|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|1|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|8|20|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Parth Prateem Sahu
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|6|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|5|11|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|4|18|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="2" |[[Dipak Misra]]
|-
|Rajani Dubey
|Service
|{{dts|2018|6|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|5|11|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|6|29|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|[[Narendra Kumar Vyas]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2021|3|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2022|12|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|10|4|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="2" |[[Sharad Bobde|S. A. Bobde]]
|-
|Naresh Kumar Chandravanshi
|Service
|{{dts|2021|3|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2022|12|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|11|5|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Rakesh Mohan Pandey
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|8|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|5|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|1|29|format=dmy}}
|
|[[N. V. Ramana]]
|-
|Ravindra Kumar Agrawal
|Bar
|{{dts|2023|10|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|8|11|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|7|30|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="2" |[[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]]
|-
|Arvind Kumar Verma
|Service
|{{dts|2024|1|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|12|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|4|7|format=dmy}}
|
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Additional judges
!Name of Addl. Judge
!Source
!Date of appointment
!Date of expiry of present term
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
|Sachin Singh Rajput
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|5|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|5|15|format=dmy}} (extn. given for one year w.e.f. 16.05.2025)
| rowspan="2" |[[N. V. Ramana]]
|-
|Radhakishan Agrawal
|Service
|{{dts|2022|8|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|8|1|format=dmy}} (extn. given for one year w.e.f. 02.08.2025)
|-
|Sanjay Kumar Jaiswal
|Service
|{{dts|2023|5|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|4|30|format=dmy}} (extn. given for one year w.e.f. 01.05.2025)
| rowspan="3" |[[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]]
|-
|Bibhu Datta Guru
|Bar
|{{dts|2024|8|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|8|12|format=dmy}}
|-
|Amitendra Kishore Prasad
|Bar
|{{dts|2024|8|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|8|12|format=dmy}}
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Judges transferred from the Chhattisgarh High Court
!Name of the Judge
!Source
!Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment as Pmt. Judge
!Date of retirement
!Remarks
|-
|[[P. Sam Koshy|Puthichira Sam Koshy]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2013|9|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2016|3|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|4|29|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Telangana
|}
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Current Judges elevated to Supreme Court
!Name of the Judge
!Image
!Date of Appointment as Judge
!Date of elevation to Supreme Court
!Date of retirement
|-
| '''[[Prashant Kumar Mishra]]'''
|[[File:Justice Prashant Kumar Mishra.jpg|alt=|85x85px|Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud]]
| {{dts|2009|12|10|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2023|5|19|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2029|8|28|format=dmy}}
|}

== Delhi High Court ==
The [[Delhi High Court]] sits at [[Delhi]], the capital of India, and may have a maximum of 60 judges, of which 45 may be permanently appointed and 15 additionally appointed. Currently, it has 44 judges.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CJ And Sitting Judges|url=http://delhihighcourt.nic.in/cjsittingjudges.asp|access-date=2019-02-04|website=delhihighcourt.nic.in}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Permanent judges
!Name of the Judge
!Source
!Date of Appointment as Judge
!Date of Appointment as Pmt. Judge
!Date of retirement
!Remarks
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
|'''[[Devendra Kumar Upadhyaya]] (CJ)'''
|Bar
|{{dts|2011|11|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2013|8|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|6|15|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ w.e.f. 21.01.2025 (PHC: Allahabad)'''
|
|-
|[[V. Kameswar Rao|Valluri Kameswar Rao]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2013|4|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2015|3|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|8|6|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Nitin Wasudeo Sambre
|Bar
|{{dts|2014|1|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2016|3|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|12|18|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 21.07.2025 (PHC: Bombay)
|
|-
|Dinesh Mehta
|Bar
|{{dts|2016|11|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|3|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|1|27|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 28.10.2025 (PHC: Rajasthan)
|
|-
|Vivek Chaudhary
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|2|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|3|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|5|12|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 21.07.2025 (PHC: Allahabad)
|
|-
|[[Prathiba M. Singh]]
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2017|5|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|7|19|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Navin Chawla
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2017|5|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|8|6|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|C. Hari Shankar
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2017|5|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|5|3|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Anil Kshetarpal
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|7|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|12|3|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|11|18|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 21.07.2025 (PHC: P&H)
|
|-
|Avneesh Jhingan
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|7|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|12|3|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|1|28|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 28.10.2025 (PHC: P&H)
|
|-
|[[Subramonium Prasad]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|6|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|3|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|6|21|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 13.03.2020 (PHC: Madras)
| rowspan="6" |[[Dipak Misra]]
|-
|Jyoti Singh
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2018|10|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|9|30|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Prateek Jalan
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2018|10|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|4|3|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Anup Jairam Bhambhani
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2018|10|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|12|4|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Sanjeev Narula
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2018|10|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|8|23|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Manoj Kumar Ohri
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2018|11|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|11|11|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Jasmeet Singh
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2021|2|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|2|25|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="2" |[[Sharad Bobde|S. A. Bobde]]
|-
|Amit Bansal
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2021|2|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|2|7|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Purushaindra Kumar Kaurav
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2021|10|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2038|10|3|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 02.06.2022 (PHC: MP)
| rowspan="4" |[[N. V. Ramana]]
|-
|[[C.S. Sudha|Chandrasekharan Sudha]]
|Service
|{{dts|2021|10|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|9|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|10|8|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 28.10.2025 (PHC: Kerala)
|-
|Neena Bansal Krishna
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2022|2|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|6|17|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Swarana Kanta Sharma
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2022|3|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|8|4|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Mini Pushkarna
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|5|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|11|30|format=dmy}}
|
|[[Sharad Bobde|S. A. Bobde]]
|-
|Vikas Mahajan
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|5|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|8|7|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="6" |[[N. V. Ramana]]
|-
|Tushar Rao Gedela
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|5|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|7|17|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|[[Manmeet Pritam Singh Arora]]
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|5|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|2|13|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Sachin Datta
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|5|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|8|14|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Amit Mahajan
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|5|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|4|19|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Saurabh Banerjee
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|5|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2038|1|19|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Anish Dayal
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|6|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|3|14|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="2" |[[Sharad Bobde|S. A. Bobde]]
|-
|Amit Sharma
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|6|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|3|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|7|6|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Om Prakash Shukla
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|8|3|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|3|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2039|4|19|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 21.07.2025 (PHC: Allahabad)
|[[N. V. Ramana]]
|-
|Girish Kathpalia
|Service
|{{dts|2023|5|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|7|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|12|31|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="6" |[[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]]
|-
|Manoj Jain
|Service
|{{dts|2023|5|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|7|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|12|27|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Ravinder Dudeja
|Service
|{{dts|2023|10|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|12|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|5|16|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Ajay Digpaul
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2025|1|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|9|1|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Harish Vaidyanathan Shankar
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2025|1|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|2|17|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|[[Tejas Karia|Tejas Dhirenbhai Karia]]
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2025|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2040|1|31|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Renu Bhatnagar
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|2|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|8|26|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="2" |[[Sanjiv Khanna]]
|-
|Rajneesh Kumar Gupta
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|2|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|5|20|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Vinod Kumar
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|7|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|12|29|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="4" |[[B. R. Gavai]]
|-
|Shail Jain
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|7|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|10|6|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Madhu Jain
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|7|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|11|17|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Vimal Kumar Yadav
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|8|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|1|8|format=dmy}}
|
|}
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Additional judges
! Name of Addl. Judge
!Source
!Date of appointment
!Date of expire of the present term
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
| --
| --
| --
| --
| --
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Judges transferred from the Delhi High Court
!Name of the Judge
!Source
!Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment as Pmt. Judge
!Date of retirement
!Remarks
|-
|[[Sanjeev Sachdeva|'''Sanjeev Sachdeva''']]
|Bar
|{{dts|2013|4|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2015|3|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|12|25|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ of Madhya Pradesh'''
|-
|[[Vibhu Bakhru|'''Vibhu Bakhru''']]
|Bar
|{{dts|2013|4|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2015|3|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|11|1|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ of Karnataka'''
|-
|Dinesh Kumar Sharma
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2022|2|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|9|20|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Calcutta
|-
|Tara Vitasta Ganju
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|5|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|8|11|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Karnataka
|-
|Gaurang Kanth
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|5|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|8|19|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Calcutta
|}
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Current Judges elevated to Supreme Court
!Name of the Judge
!Image
!Date of Appointment as Judge
!Date of elevation to Supreme Court
!Date of retirement
|-
|[[Manmohan (judge)|'''Manmohan''']]
|[[File:Justice Manmohan.jpg|alt=|91x91px|Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud]]
|{{dts|2008|3|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|12|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|12|16|format=dmy}}
|}

== Gauhati High Court ==
The [[Gauhati High Court]] sits at Guwahati in the state of Assam, and has a maximum permitted strength of 30 judges, of which 22 may be permanently appointed, and 8 may be additionally appointed.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gauhati High Court - Judges|url=http://www.ghconline.gov.in/judgesGHC.html|access-date=2019-02-04|website=www.ghconline.gov.in}}</ref> Currently, it has 24 judges.
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Permanent judges
!Name of the Judge
!Source
!Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment As Pmt. Judge
!Date of retirement
!Remarks
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
|'''[[Ashutosh Kumar]] (CJ)'''
|Bar
|{{dts|2014|5|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2016|4|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|9|30|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ w.e.f. 21.07.2025 (PHC: Patna)'''
|
|-
|Michael Zothankhuma
|Bar
|{{dts|2015|1|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2017|1|3|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|10|22|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Kalyan Rai Surana
|Bar
|{{dts|2016|11|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|11|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|12|12|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Nelson Sailo
|Bar
|{{dts|2016|11|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|11|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|10|8|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Sanjay Kumar Medhi
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|11|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|11|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|3|7||format=dmy}}
|
|[[Dipak Misra]]
|-
|Manish Choudhury
|Bar
|{{dts|2019|1|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|11|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|2|28|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="3" |[[Ranjan Gogoi]]
|-
|Soumitra Saikia
|Bar
|{{dts|2019|11|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|10|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|7|24|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Parthivjyoti Saikia
|Service
|{{dts|2019|11|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|10|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|4|17|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Robin Phukan
|Service
|{{dts|2021|6|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|5|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|2|28|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="5" |[[N. V. Ramana]]
|-
|Devashis Baruah
|Bar
|{{dts|2021|10|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|8|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|2|21|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Arun Dev Choudhury
|Bar
|{{dts|2021|11|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|8|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|10|28|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Susmita Phukan Khaund
|Service
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|6|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|11|21|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Mitali Thakuria
|Service
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|6|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|12|31|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Kardak Ete
|Bar
|{{dts|2023|3|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|1|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|4|7|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="4" |[[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]]
|-
|Mridul Kumar Kalita
|Service
|{{dts|2023|4|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|1|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|7|1|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Budi Habung
|Service
|{{dts|2023|9|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|9|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|4|5|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|N. Unni Krishnan Nair
|Bar
|{{dts|2023|11|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|9|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|7|27|format=dmy}}
|
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Additional judges
!Name of Addl. Judge
!Source
!Date of Appointment
!Date of expiry of present term
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
|Kaushik Goswami
|Bar
|{{dts|2023|11|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|11|9|format=dmy}} (extn. given for one year w.e.f. 10.11.2025)
| rowspan="3" |[[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]]
|-
|[[Yarenjungla Longkumer]]
|Service
|{{dts|2025|2|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|2|16|format=dmy}}
|-
|Shamima Jahan
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|5|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|5|27|format=dmy}}
|-
|Anjan Moni Kalita
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|7|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|7|29|format=dmy}}
| rowspan="4" |[[B. R. Gavai]]
|-
|Rajesh Majumdar
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|7|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|7|29|format=dmy}}
|-
|Pranjal Das
|Service
|{{dts|2025|7|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|7|29|format=dmy}}
|-
|Sanjeev Kumar Sharma
|Service
|{{dts|2025|7|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|7|29|format=dmy}}
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Judges transferred from the Guahati High Court
!Name of the Judge
!Source
!Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment As Pmt. Judge
!Date of retirement
!Remarks
|-
|Manash Ranjan Pathak
|Bar
|{{dts|2013|5|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|11|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|8|27|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Orissa
|-
|Suman Shyam
|Bar
|{{dts|2015|1|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2017|1|3|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|6|11|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Bombay
|-
|Nani Tagia
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|2|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|11|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|5|15|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Patna
|}
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Current Judges elevated to Supreme Court
!Name of the Judge
!Image
!Date of Appointment as Judge
!Date of elevation to Supreme Court
!Date of retirement
|-
| '''[[Ujjal Bhuyan]]'''
|[[File:Justice_Ujjal_Bhuyan.jpg|alt=|100x100px|Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud]]
| {{dts|2011|10|17|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2023|7|14|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2029|8|1|format=dmy}}
|}

== Gujarat High Court ==
The [[Gujarat High Court]] sits at Ahmedabad, in the state of Gujarat and is permitted to have a maximum strength of 52 judges of which 39 may be permanently appointed and 13 additionally appointed. Currently, it has 35 judges.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=High Court of Gujarat|url=http://gujarathighcourt.nic.in/cjj|access-date=2019-02-04|website=gujarathighcourt.nic.in}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Permanent judges
!Name of the Judge
!Source
!Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment As Pmt. Judge
!Date of retirement
!Remarks
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
|'''[[Sunita Agarwal]] (CJ)'''
|Bar
|{{dts|2011|11|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2013|8|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|4|29|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ w.e.f. 23.07.2023 (PHC: Allahabad)'''
|
|-
|Alpesh Yeshwant Kogje
|Bar
|{{dts|2016|4|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|3|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|7|15|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Arvindsingh Ishwarsingh Supehia
|Bar
|{{dts|2016|4|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|3|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|8|30|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Bhargav Dhirenbhai Karia
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2019|3|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|12|22|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="3" |[[Ranjan Gogoi]]
|-
|Sangeeta Kamalsingh Vishen
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2019|3|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|12|29|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Neranahalli Srinivasan Sanjay Gowda
|Bar
|{{dts|2019|11|11|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|9|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|2|14|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 09.06.2025 (PHC: Karnataka)
|-
|Ilesh Jashvantrai Vora
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2020|3|3|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|8|17|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="5" |[[Sharad Bobde|S. A. Bobde]]
|-
|Gita Gopi
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2020|3|3|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|3|23|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Vaibhavi Devang Nanavati
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2020|10|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|11|14|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Nirzarkumar Sushilkumar Desai
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2020|10|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|6|14|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Nikhil Shreedharan Kariel
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2020|10|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|5|9|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Samir Jyotindraprasad Dave
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2021|10|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|7|27|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="5" |[[N. V. Ramana]]
|-
|Hemant Maheshchandra Prachchhak
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2021|10|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|6|3|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Aniruddha Pradyumna Mayee
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2021|10|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|7|1|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|[[Niral Mehta|Niral Rashmikant Mehta]]
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2021|10|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2038|10|27|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Nisha Mahendrabhai Thakore
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2021|10|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|12|2|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Susan Valentine Pinto
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2023|3|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|5|13|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="12" |[[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]]
|-
|Hasmukhbhai Dalsukhbhai Suthar
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2023|3|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|1|22|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Jitendra Champaklal Doshi
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2023|3|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|6|29|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Mangesh Rameshchandra Mengdey
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2023|3|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|10|4|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Divyeshkumar Amrutlal Joshi
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2023|3|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|11|24|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Devan Mahendrabhai Desai
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2023|4|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|5|30|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Moxa Kiran Thakker
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2023|4|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2039|11|5|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Vimal Kanaiyalal Vyas
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2023|10|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|12|24|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Pranav Shailesh Trivedi
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2024|1|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|11|1|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Sanjeev Jayendra Thaker
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2024|10|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|8|26|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Deeptendra Narayan Ray
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2024|10|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|11|12|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Maulik Jitendra Shelat
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2024|10|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2038|6|3|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Liyakathussain Shamsuddin Pirzada
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|5|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|4|24|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="7" |[[Sanjiv Khanna]]
|-
|Ramchandra Thakurdas Vachhani
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|5|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|3|11|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Jayesh Lakhanshibhai Odedra
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|5|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|4|24|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Pranav Maheshbhai Raval
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|5|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|10|23|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Mool Chand Tyagi
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|5|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|10|14|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Dipak Mansukhlal Vyas
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|5|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|6|4|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Utkarsh Thakorbhai Desai
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|5|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|1|26|format=dmy}}
|
|}
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Additional judges
! Name of Addl. Judge
!Source
!Date of appointment
!Date of expire of the present term
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
| --
| --
| --
| --
| --
|}
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Judges transferred from the Gujarat High Court
!Name of the Judge
!Source
! Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment As Pmt. Judge
! Date of retirement
!Remarks
|-
| Sandeep Natvarlal Bhatt
| Bar
| --
| {{dts|2021|10|18|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2029|9|15|format=dmy}}
| Transferred to MP
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Current Judges elevated to Supreme Court
!Name of the Judge
!Image
!Date of Appointment as Judge
!Date of elevation to Supreme Court
!Date of retirement
|-
|[[J. B. Pardiwala|'''Jamshed Burjor Pardiwala''']]
|[[File:Pardiwala.jpg|alt=|87x87px|Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud]]
|{{dts|2011|2|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2022|5|9|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|8|11|format=dmy}}
|-
| '''[[Nilay Vipinchandra Anjaria]]'''
|[[File:Nilay Anjaria.jpg|alt=|93x93px|Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud]]
| {{dts|2011|11|21|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2025|5|30|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2030|3|22|format=dmy}}
|-
|[[Vipul Manubhai Pancholi|'''Vipul Manubhai Pancholi''']]
|[[File:Vipul Pancholi.jpg|alt=|93x93px|Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud]]
|{{dts|2014|10|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|8|29|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|5|27|format=dmy}}
|}

== Himachal Pradesh High Court ==
The [[Himachal Pradesh High Court]] sits at Shimla in Himachal Pradesh, and is permitted to have a maximum of 17 judges of which 13 may be permanently appointed and 4 may be additionally appointed. Currently, it has 12 judges.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CJ & Sitting Judges, HP High Court|url=https://hphighcourt.nic.in/website/hclatest/eng/}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Permanent judges
!Name of the Judge
!Source
!Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment As Pmt. Judge
!Date of retirement
!Remarks
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
|'''[[Gurmeet Singh Sandhawalia]] (CJ)'''
|Bar
|{{dts|2011|9|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2014|1|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|10|31|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ w.e.f. 29.12.2024 (PHC: P&H)'''
|
|-
|Vivek Singh Thakur
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2016|4|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|4|16|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Ajay Mohan Goel
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2016|4|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|1|10|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Sandeep Sharma
|Bar
|{{dts|2016|4|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|1|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|7|19|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Jyotsna Rewal Dua
|Bar
|{{dts|2019|5|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|7|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|5|24|format=dmy}}
|
|[[Ranjan Gogoi]]
|-
|Sushil Kukreja
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|4|13|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="2" |[[N. V. Ramana]]
|-
|Virender Singh
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|11|13|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Ranjan Sharma
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2023|7|31|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|8|20|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="3" |[[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]]
|-
|Bipin Chander Negi
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2023|7|31|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|7|19|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Rakesh Kainthla
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2023|7|31|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|5|22|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Jiya Lal Bhardwaj
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2025|10|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|8|19|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="2" |[[B. R. Gavai]]
|-
|Romesh Verma
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2025|10|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|5|6|format=dmy}}
|
|}
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Additional Judges
! Name of Addl. Judge
!Source
!Date of appointment
!Date of expire of the present term
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
| --
| --
| --
| --
| --
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Judges transferred from the Himachal Pradesh High Court
!Name of the Judge
!Source
! Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment As Pmt. Judge
! Date of retirement
!Remarks
|-
|Anoop Chitkara
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2019|5|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|4|28|format=dmy}}
|Transfer to P&H
|}
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Current Judges elevated to Supreme Court
!Name of the Judge
!Image
!Date of Appointment as Judge
!Date of elevation to Supreme Court
!Date of retirement
|-
| '''[[Sanjay Karol]]'''
|[[File:Justice Sanjay Karol.jpg|alt=|108x108px|Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud]]
| {{dts|2007|3|8|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2023|2|6|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2026|8|22|format=dmy}}
|}

== Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh High Court ==
The [[High Court of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh|Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh High Court]] sits at Srinagar in the summer, and in Jammu in the winter, and has jurisdiction over Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh. It is permitted to have a maximum of 25 judges, of which 19 may be permanent and 6 may be additionally appointed. Currently, it has 13 judges.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CJ and Sitting Judges|url=http://www.jkhighcourt.nic.in/cjjk.php|website=Jammu and Kashmir High Court|access-date=4 February 2019|archive-date=28 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528090701/http://www.jkhighcourt.nic.in/cjjk.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Permanent judges
!Name of the Judge
!Source
!Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment As Pmt. Judge
!Date of retirement
!Remarks
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
|[[Arun Palli|'''Arun Palli''']] '''(CJ)'''
|Bar
|{{dts|2013|12|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2014|12|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|9|17|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ w.e.f. 16.04.2025 (PHC: P&H)'''
|
|-
|Sanjeev Kumar
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2017|6|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|4|7|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Sindhu Sharma
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2018|8|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|10|9|format=dmy}}
|
|[[Dipak Misra]]
|-
|Rajnesh Oswal
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2020|4|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|6|16|format=dmy}}
|
|[[Ranjan Gogoi]]
|-
|Sanjay Dhar
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2020|4|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|5|10|format=dmy}}
|
| [[Sharad Bobde|S. A. Bobde]]
|-
|Mohd. Akram Chowdhary
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2021|11|9|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|6|9|format=dmy}}
|
|[[N. V. Ramana]]
|-
|Rahul Bharti
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|3|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|1|29|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|7|30|format=dmy}}
|
|[[Sharad Bobde|S. A. Bobde]]
|-
|Moksha Khajuria Kazmi
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|3|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|1|29|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|12|31|format=dmy}}
|
|[[Ranjan Gogoi]]
|-
|Wasim Sadiq Nargal
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|6|3|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|3|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|7|30|format=dmy}}
|
|[[Sharad Bobde|S. A. Bobde]]
|-
|Rajesh Sekhri
|Service
|{{dts|2022|7|29|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|3|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|9|25|format=dmy}}
|
|[[N. V. Ramana]]
|-
|Mohd. Yousuf Wani
|Service
|{{dts|2024|3|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|3|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|4|23|format=dmy}}
|
|[[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]]
|-
|Sanjay Parihar
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|5|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|12|18|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="2" |[[Sanjiv Khanna]]
|-
|Shahzad Azeem
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|5|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|4|26|format=dmy}}
|
|}
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Additional judges
!Name of Addl. Judge
!Source
!Date of appointment
!Date of expiry of present term
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
| --
| --
| --
| --
| --
|}
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Judges transferred from the Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh High Court
!Name of the Judge
!Source
! Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment As Pmt. Judge
! Date of retirement
!Remarks
|-
| '''[[Dhiraj Singh Thakur]]'''
| Bar
| --
| {{dts|2013|3|8|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2026|4|24|format=dmy}}
| '''CJ of Andhra Pradesh'''
|}
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Current Judges elevated to Supreme Court
!Name of the Judge
!Image
!Date of Appointment as Judge
!Date of elevation to Supreme Court
!Date of retirement
|-
| --
| --
| --
| --
| --
|}

== Jharkhand High Court ==
The [[Jharkhand High Court]] sits at [[Ranchi]] and has jurisdiction over the state of [[Jharkhand]]. It is permitted to have a maximum of 25 judges of which 20 may be permanently appointed and 5 may be additionally appointed. Currently, it has 13 judges.<ref>{{Cite web|title=SITTING JUDGES OF HIGH COURT OF JHARKHAND {{!}} High Court of Jharkhand, India|url=https://jharkhandhighcourt.nic.in/sitting-judges-high-court-jharkhand|access-date=2019-02-04|website=jharkhandhighcourt.nic.in}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Permanent judges
!Name of the Judge
!Source
!Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment as Pmt. Judge
!Date of retirement
!Remarks
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
|[[M. S. Sonak|'''Mahesh Sharadchandra Sonak''']] '''(CJ)'''
|Bar
|{{dts|2013|6|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2016|3|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|11|27|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ w.e.f. 09.01.2026 (PHC: Bombay)'''
|
|-
|Sujit Narayan Prasad
|Bar
|{{dts|2014|9|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2016|7|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|6|19|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Rongon Mukhopadhyay
|Bar
|{{dts|2014|9|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2016|9|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|12|28|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Ananda Sen
|Bar
|{{dts|2016|4|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|1|9|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|8|14|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Rajesh Shankar
|Bar
|{{dts|2016|9|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|9|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|12|15|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Anil Kumar Choudhary
|Service
|{{dts|2017|5|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|4|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|6|17|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Rajesh Kumar
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|1|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|12|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|10|25|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="2" |[[Dipak Misra]]
|-
|Anubha Rawat Choudhary
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|1|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|12|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|6|24|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Sanjay Kumar Dwivedi
|Bar
|{{dts|2019|2|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|9|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|11|2|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="2" |[[Ranjan Gogoi]]
|-
|Deepak Roshan
|Bar
|{{dts|2019|2|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|9|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|12|11|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Sanjay Prasad
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2021|10|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|1|16|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="2" |[[N. V. Ramana]]
|-
|Pradeep Kumar Srivastava
|Service
|{{dts|2022|6|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|2|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|12|31|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Arun Kumar Rai
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2024|2|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|1|25|format=dmy}}
|
|[[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]]
|}
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Additional Judges
! Name of Addl. Judge
!Source
!Date of initial appointment
!Date of expiry of the present term
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
| --
| --
| --
| --
| --
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Judges transferred from the Jharkhand High Court
!Name of the Judge
!Source
! Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment As Pmt. Judge
! Date of retirement
!Remarks
|-
| '''[[Aparesh Kumar Singh]]'''
| Bar
| {{dts|2012|1|24|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2014|1|16|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2027|7|6|format=dmy}}
| '''CJ of Telangana'''
|-
|[[Shree Chandrashekhar|'''Shree Chandrashekhar''']]
|Bar
|{{dts|2013|1|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2014|6|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|5|24|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ of Bombay'''
|}
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Current Judges elevated to Supreme Court
!Name of the Judge
!Image
!Date of Appointment as Judge
!Date of elevation to Supreme Court
!Date of retirement
|-
| --
| --
| --
| --
| --
|}

== Karnataka High Court ==
The [[Karnataka High Court]] sits at [[Bangalore]] and has jurisdiction over the state of [[Karnataka]]. It is permitted to have a maximum of 62 judges of which 47 may be permanently appointed and 15 may be additionally appointed. Currently, it has 45 judges.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=High Court of Karnataka Official Web Site|url=http://karnatakajudiciary.kar.nic.in/profiles-sitting-judges.asp|access-date=2019-02-04|website=karnatakajudiciary.kar.nic.in}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Permanent judges
!Name of the Judge
!Source
!Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment as Pmt. Judge
!Date of retirement
!Remarks
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
|'''[[Vibhu Bakhru]] (CJ)'''
|Bar
|{{dts|2013|4|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2015|3|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|11|1|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ w.e.f. 19.07.2025 (PHC: Delhi)'''
|
|-
|[[Anu Sivaraman]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2015|4|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2017|4|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|5|24|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 21.03.2024 (PHC: Kerala)
|
|-
|Jayant Banerji
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|9|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|9|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|1|16|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 19.07.2025 (PHC: Allahabad)
|
|-
|Dinesh Kumar Singh
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|9|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|9|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|8|17|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 19.07.2025 (PHC: Allahabad)
|
|-
|Shankar Ganapathi Pandit
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|1|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|11|15|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="7" |[[Dipak Misra]]
|-
|Ramakrishna Devdas
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|1|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|5|14|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Bhotanhosur Mallikarjuna Shyam Prasad
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|1|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|1|7|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Siddappa Sunil Dutt Yadav
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|1|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|8|2|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Mohammad Nawaz
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|6|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|2|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|5|21|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Harekoppa Thimmanna Gowda Narendra Prasad
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|6|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|2|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|5|31|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Hethur Puttaswamygowda Sandesh
|Service
|{{dts|2018|11|3|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|2|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|12|1|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Singapuram Raghavachar Krishna Kumar
|Bar
|{{dts|2019|9|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|3|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|5|6|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="12" |[[Ranjan Gogoi]]
|-
|Ashok Subhashchandra Kinagi
|Bar
|{{dts|2019|9|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|3|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|12|31|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Suraj Govindaraj
|Bar
|{{dts|2019|9|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|3|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|5|13|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Sachin Shankar Magadum
|Bar
|{{dts|2019|9|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|3|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|5|4|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Jyoti Mulimani
|Bar
|{{dts|2019|11|11|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|9|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|8|14|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Nataraj Rangaswamy
|Bar
|{{dts|2019|11|11|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|9|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|3|13|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Pradeep Singh Yerur
|Bar
|{{dts|2019|11|11|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|9|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|6|20|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Maheshan Nagaprasan
|Bar
|{{dts|2019|11|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|9|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|3|22|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Maralur Indrakumar Arun
|Bar
|{{dts|2020|1|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|9|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|4|23|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Engalaguppe Seetharamaiah Indiresh
|Bar
|{{dts|2020|1|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|9|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|4|15|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Ravi Venkappa Hosmani
|Bar
|{{dts|2020|1|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|9|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|7|28|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Savanur Vishwajith Shetty
|Bar
|{{dts|2020|4|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|9|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|5|18|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|[[Lalitha Kanneganti]]
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2020|5|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|5|4|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 28.07.2023 (PHC: AP)
| rowspan="4" |[[Sharad Bobde|S. A. Bobde]]
|-
|Shivashankar Amarannavar
|Service
|{{dts|2020|5|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|9|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|7|19|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Vedavyasachar Srishananda
|Service
|{{dts|2020|5|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|9|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|3|28|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Hanchate Sanjeev Kumar
|Service
|{{dts|2020|5|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|9|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|5|12|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Mohammed Ghouse Shukure Kamal
|Bar
|{{dts|2021|3|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2022|9|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|6|29|format=dmy}}
|
|[[Ranjan Gogoi]]
|-
|[[Perugu Sree Sudha]]
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2021|10|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|6|5|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 11.06.2025 (PHC: Telangana)
| rowspan="6" |[[N. V. Ramana]]
|-
|Chillakur Sumalatha
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2021|10|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|2|4|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 23.11.2023 (PHC: Telangana)
|-
|Anant Ramanath Hegde
|Bar
|{{dts|2021|11|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|9|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|3|6|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Siddaiah Rachaiah
|Bar
|{{dts|2021|11|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|11|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|5|31|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Kannakuzhyil Sreedharan Hemalekha
|Bar
|{{dts|2021|11|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|9|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|3|27|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Kumbhajadala Manmadha Rao
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2021|12|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|6|12|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 02.06.2025 (PHC: AP)
|-
|Tara Vitasta Ganju
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|5|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|8|11|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 28.10.2025 (PHC: Delhi)
|[[Sharad Bobde|S. A. Bobde]]
|-
|Cheppudira Monappa Poonacha
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|6|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|4|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|4|5|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="2" |[[N. V. Ramana]]
|-
|Gurusiddaiah Basavaraja
|Service
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|8|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|5|2|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Venkatesh Naik Thavaryanaik
|Service
|{{dts|2023|1|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|1|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|5|31|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="4" |[[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]]
|-
|Vijaykumar Adagouda Patil
|Bar
|{{dts|2023|2|9|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|1|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|10|13|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Rajesh Rai Kallangala
|Bar
|{{dts|2023|2|9|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|2|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|5|31|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Kurubarahalli Venkataramareddy Aravind
|Bar
|{{dts|2023|10|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|9|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2039|7|11|format=dmy}}
|
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Additional Judges
!Name of Addl. Judge
!Source
!Date of appointment
!Date of expiry of present term
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
|Taj Ali Moulasab Nadaf
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|2|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|2|16|format=dmy}}
|[[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]]
|-
|Geetha Kadaba Bharatharaja Setty
|Service
|{{dts|2025|9|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|9|29|format=dmy}}
| rowspan="3" |[[B. R. Gavai]]
|-
|Borkatte Muralidhara Pai
|Service
|{{dts|2025|9|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|9|29|format=dmy}}
|-
|Tyagaraja Narayan Inavally
|Service
|{{dts|2025|9|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|9|29|format=dmy}}
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Judges transferred from the Karnataka High Court
!Name of the Judge
!Source
! Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment As Pmt. Judge
! Date of retirement
!Remarks
|-
|Dixit Krishna Shripad
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|1|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|7|19|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Orissa
|-
|Krishnan Natarajan
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|11|3|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|2|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|11|4|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Kerala
|-
|Neranahalli Srinivasan Sanjay Gowda
|Bar
|{{dts|2019|11|11|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|9|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|2|14|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Gujarat
|-
|Hemant Chandangoudar
|Bar
|{{dts|2019|11|11|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|9|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|9|27|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Madras
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Current Judges elevated to Supreme Court
!Name of the Judge
!Image
!Date of Appointment as Judge
!Date of elevation to Supreme Court
!Date of retirement
|-
| [[B. V. Nagarathna|'''Bengaluru Venkataramaiah Nagarathna''']]
|[[File:Justice BV Nagarathna.jpg|alt=|108x108px|Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud]]
| {{dts|2008|2|18|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2021|8|31|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2027|10|29|format=dmy}}
|-
|'''[[Aravind Kumar]]'''
|[[File:Justice Aravind Kumar.jpg|alt=|85x85px|Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud]]
|{{dts|2009|6|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|2|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|7|13|format=dmy}}
|}

== Kerala High Court ==
The [[Kerala High Court]] sits at [[Kochi]] and has jurisdiction over the state of [[Kerala]]. It is permitted to have a maximum of 47 judges of which 35 may be permanently appointed and 12 may be additionally appointed. Currently, it has 39 judges.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Present Judges of High Court|url=http://highcourtofkerala.nic.in/judges.php|access-date=2019-02-04|website=highcourtofkerala.nic.in}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Permanent judges
!Name of the Judge
!Source
!Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment as Pmt. Judge
!Date of retirement
!Remarks
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
|[[Soumen Sen|'''Soumen Sen''']] '''(CJ)'''
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2011|4|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|7|26|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ w.e.f. 10.01.2026 (PHC: Calcutta)'''
|
|-
|[[A. K. Jayasankaran Nambiar|Ala Kunnil Jayasankaran Nambiar]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2014|1|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2016|3|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|1|26|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|[[Anil K. Narendran|Anil Kolavampara Narendran]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2014|1|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2016|3|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|5|4|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|[[Raja Vijayaraghavan V.|Raja Vijayaraghavan Valsala]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2015|4|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2017|4|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|5|27|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|J. Nisha Banu
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2016|10|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|9|17|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 19.12.2025 (PHC: Madras)
|
|-
|[[Sathish Ninan]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2016|10|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|3|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|3|31|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|[[Devan Ramachandran]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2016|10|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|3|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|3|18|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Krishnan Natarajan
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|11|3|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|2|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|11|4|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 09.05.2025 (PHC: Karnataka)
|[[Dipak Misra]]
|-
|[[N. Nagaresh]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|11|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|9|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|3|31|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="3" |[[Ranjan Gogoi]]
|-
|[[C. S. Dias|Conrad Stansilaus Dias]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2019|11|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|5|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|11|18|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|[[P. V. Kunhikrishnan|Pulleri Vadhyarillath Kunhikrishnan]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2020|2|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|5|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|5|21|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|[[T. R. Ravi|Thirumuppath Raghavan Ravi]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2020|3|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|5|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|3|1|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="8" |[[Sharad Bobde|S. A. Bobde]]
|-
|[[Bechu Kurian Thomas]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2020|3|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|5|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|12|4|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|[[Gopinath P|Gopinath Puzhankara]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2020|3|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|5|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|11|12|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|[[Murali Purushothaman]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2021|2|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2022|6|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|7|30|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|[[Gopinath P|Gopinath Puzhankara]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2021|2|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2022|6|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|5|11|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|[[Karunakaran Babu]]
|Service
|{{dts|2021|2|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2022|6|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|5|7|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|[[Kauser Edappagath]]
|Service
|{{dts|2021|2|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2022|6|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|5|24|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|[[A. Badharudeen|Abdul Rahim Musaliar Badharudeen]]
|Service
|{{dts|2021|6|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|1|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|5|28|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|[[Viju Abraham]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2021|8|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|1|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|9|10|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="2" |[[Ranjan Gogoi]]
|-
|[[Mohammed Nias C. P|Mohammed Nias Chovvakkaran Puthiyapurayil]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2021|8|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|1|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|4|15|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|[[Basant Balaji]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2021|10|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|7|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|5|27|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="3" |[[N. V. Ramana]]
|-
|[[C. Jayachandran|Chandrasekharan Kartha Jayachandran]]
|Service
|{{dts|2021|10|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|7|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|5|27|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|[[Shoba Annamma Eapen]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|5|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|2|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|1|18|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|[[Johnson John]]
|Service
|{{dts|2023|10|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|9|9|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|4|28|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="10" |[[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]]
|-
|[[G. Girish|Gopinathan Unnithan Girish]]
|Service
|{{dts|2023|10|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|9|9|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|5|16|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Chellappan Nadar Pratheep Kumar
|Service
|{{dts|2023|10|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|9|9|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|5|27|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Mullappally Abdul Aziz Abdul Hakhim
|Bar
|{{dts|2024|3|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|3|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|5|7|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Syam Kumar Vadakke Mudavakkat
|Bar
|{{dts|2024|3|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|3|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|12|31|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Harisankar Vijayan Menon
|Bar
|{{dts|2024|3|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|3|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|4|3|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Manu Sreedharan Nair
|Bar
|{{dts|2024|3|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|3|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|5|26|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Easwaran Subramani
|Bar
|{{dts|2024|3|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|3|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|9|29|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Manoj Pulamby Madhavan
|Bar
|{{dts|2024|3|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|3|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|5|3|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Marakkaparambil Bhargavan Snehalatha
|Service
|{{dts|2024|4|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|3|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|5|30|format=dmy}}
|
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Additional judges
!Name of Addl. Judge
!Source
!Date of appointment
!Date of expiry of present term
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
|Parameswara Panicker Krishna Kumar
|Service
|{{dts|2024|10|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|10|29|format=dmy}}
| rowspan="5" |[[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]]
|-
|Kodassery Veliyath Madom Jayakumar
|Service
|{{dts|2024|10|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|10|29|format=dmy}}
|-
|Muralee Krishna Shankaramoole
|Service
|{{dts|2024|10|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|10|29|format=dmy}}
|-
|Jobin Sebastian
|Service
|{{dts|2024|10|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|10|29|format=dmy}}
|-
|Pandikkaran Varadaraja Iyer Balakrishnan
|Service
|{{dts|2024|10|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|10|29|format=dmy}}
|}
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Judges transferred from the Kerala High Court
!Name of the Judge
!Source
! Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment As Pmt. Judge
! Date of retirement
!Remarks
|-
|[[A. Muhamed Mustaque|'''Muhamed Mustaque Ayumantakath''']]
|Bar
|{{dts|2014|1|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2016|3|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|5|31|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ of Sikkim'''
|-
| [[Anu Sivaraman]]
| Bar
| {{dts|2015|4|10|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2017|4|5|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2028|5|24|format=dmy}}
| Transferred to Karnataka
|-
|[[C.S. Sudha|Chandrasekharan Sudha]]
|Service
|{{dts|2021|10|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|9|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|10|8|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Delhi
|}
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Current Judges elevated to Supreme Court
!Name of the Judge
!Image
!Date of Appointment as Judge
!Date of elevation to Supreme Court
!Date of retirement
|-
| [[K. Vinod Chandran|'''Krishnan Vinod Chandran''']]
|[[File:Justice_K._V._Chandran.jpg|alt=|73x73px|Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud]]
| {{dts|2011|11|8|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2025|1|16|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2028|4|24|format=dmy}}
|}

== Madhya Pradesh High Court ==
The [[Madhya Pradesh High Court]] sits at [[Jabalpur]] and has jurisdiction over the state of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. It is permitted to have a maximum of 53 judges, of which 40 may be permanently appointed and 13 may be additionally appointed. Currently, it has 41 judges.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hon'ble Judges {{!}} High Court of Madhya Pradesh|url=https://mphc.gov.in/honble-judges|access-date=2019-02-04|website=mphc.gov.in}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Permanent judges
!Name of the Judge
!Source
!Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment as Pmt. Judge
!Date of retirement
!Remarks
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
|[[Sanjeev Sachdeva|'''Sanjeev Sachdeva''']] '''(CJ)'''
|Bar
|{{dts|2013|4|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2015|3|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|12|25|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ w.e.f. 17.07.2025 (PHC: Delhi)'''
|
|-
|Vivek Rusia
|Bar
|{{dts|2016|4|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|3|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|8|1|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Anand Pathak
|Bar
|{{dts|2016|4|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|3|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|7|17|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|[[Vivek Agarwal (judge)|Vivek Agarwal]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2016|4|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|3|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|6|27|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Vijay Kumar Shukla
|Bar
|{{dts|2016|10|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|3|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|6|27|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Gurpal Singh Ahluwalia
|Bar
|{{dts|2016|10|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|3|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|2|19|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Subodh Abhyankar
|Bar
|{{dts|2016|10|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|3|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|1|2|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Vivek Kumar Singh
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|9|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|9|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|3|24|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 24.07.2025 (PHC: Allahabad)
|
|-
|[[Vishal Dhagat]]
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2019|5|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|12|13|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="2" |[[Ranjan Gogoi]]
|-
|Vishal Mishra
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2019|5|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|7|16|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Pranay Verma
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2021|8|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|12|11|format=dmy}}
|
|[[Sharad Bobde|S. A. Bobde]]
|-
|Sandeep Natvarlal Bhatt
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2021|10|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|9|15|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 04.11.2025 (PHC: Gujarat)
| rowspan="4" |[[N. V. Ramana]]
|-
|Maninder Singh Bhatti
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|2|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|11|2|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Dwarka Dhish Bansal
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|2|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|2|16|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Milind Ramesh Phadke
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|2|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|11|5|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Anuradha Shukla
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2023|5|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|6|12|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="15" |[[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]]
|-
|Sanjeev Sudhakar Kalgaonkar
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2023|5|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|2|22|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Hirdesh
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2023|5|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|5|27|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Avanindra Kumar Singh
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2023|5|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|9|17|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Vinay Saraf
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2023|11|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|6|14|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Vivek Jain
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2023|11|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|12|29|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Rajendra Kumar Vani
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2023|11|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|8|17|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Pramod Kumar Agarwal
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2023|11|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|11|8|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Binod Kumar Dwivedi
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2023|11|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|6|14|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Devnarayan Mishra
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2023|11|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|4|30|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Gajendra Singh
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2023|11|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|1|14|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Ashish Shroti
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2025|2|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2038|11|15|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Deepak Khot
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2025|5|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|3|7|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Amit Seth
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2025|5|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|3|14|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Pavan Kumar Dwivedi
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2025|5|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|7|23|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Pushpendra Yadav
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2025|7|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2039|2|26|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="5" |[[B. R. Gavai]]
|-
|Anand Singh Bahrawat
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2025|7|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2040|7|25|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Ajay Kumar Nirankari
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2025|7|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|10|4|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Jay Kumar Pillai
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2025|7|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|8|3|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Himanshu Joshi
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2025|7|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2041|4|3|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Ramkumar Choubey
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|7|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|6|30|format=dmy}}
|
|[[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]]
|-
|Rajesh Kumar Gupta
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|7|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|8|14|format=dmy}}
|
|[[B. R. Gavai]]
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Additional judges
! Name of Addl. Judge
!Source
!Date of appointment
!Date of expire of the present term
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
|Alok Awasthi
|Service
|{{dts|2025|7|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|7|29|format=dmy}}
| rowspan="4" |[[B. R. Gavai]]
|-
|Ratnesh Chandra Singh Bisen
|Service
|{{dts|2025|7|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|7|29|format=dmy}}
|-
|Bhagwati Prasad Sharma
|Service
|{{dts|2025|7|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|7|29|format=dmy}}
|-
|Pradeep Mittal
|Service
|{{dts|2025|8|11|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|8|10|format=dmy}}
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Judges transferred from the Madhya Pradesh High Court
!Name of the Judge
!Source
! Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment As Pmt. Judge
! Date of retirement
!Remarks
|-
|'''[[Sheel Nagu]]'''
|Bar
|{{dts|2011|5|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2013|5|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|12|31|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ of P&H'''
|-
| [[Sujoy Paul|'''Sujoy Paul''']]
| Bar
| {{dts|2011|5|27|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2014|4|14|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2026|6|20|format=dmy}}
| '''CJ of Calcutta'''
|-
|[[Atul Sreedharan]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2016|4|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|3|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|5|24|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Allahabad
|-
|[[S. A. Dharmadhikari|'''Sushrut Arvind Dharmadhikari''']]
|Bar
|{{dts|2016|4|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|3|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|7|7|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ of Madras'''
|-
|Purushaindra Kaurav
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2021|10|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2038|10|3|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Delhi
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Current Judges elevated to Supreme Court
!Name of the Judge
!Image
!Date of Appointment as Judge
!Date of elevation to Supreme Court
!Date of retirement
|-
| '''[[Jitendra Kumar Maheshwari]]'''
|[[File:Justice_JK_Maheshwari.jpg|alt=|87x87px|Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud]]
| {{dts|2005|11|25|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2021|8|31|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2026|6|28|format=dmy}}
|-
|'''[[Satish Chandra Sharma]]'''
|[[File:Justice_Satish_Chandra_Sharma.jpg|alt=|102x102px|Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud]]
|{{dts|2008|1|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|11|9|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|11|29|format=dmy}}
|-
|'''[[Alok Aradhe]]'''
|[[File:Alok Aradhe.jpg|alt=|93x93px|Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud]]
|{{dts|2009|12|29|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|8|29|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|4|12|format=dmy}}
|}

== Madras High Court ==
The [[Madras High Court]] sits at [[Chennai]] and has jurisdiction over the state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. It is permitted to have a maximum of 75 judges, of which 56 may be permanently appointed and 19 may be additionally appointed. Currently, it has 52 judges.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Madras High Court - Profile of Chief Justice|url=http://www.hcmadras.tn.nic.in/cjhc.html|access-date=2019-02-04|website=www.hcmadras.tn.nic.in}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Permanent judges
!Name of the Judge
!Source
!Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment As Pmt. Judge
!Date of retirement
!Remarks
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
|'''[[S. A. Dharmadhikari|Sushrut Arvind Dharmadhikari]] (CJ)'''
|Bar
|{{dts|2016|4|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|3|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|7|7|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ w.e.f. 06.03.2026''' '''(PHC: MP)'''
|
|-
|R. Suresh Kumar
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2016|10|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|5|28|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|S. M. Subramaniam
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2016|10|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|5|30|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Dr. Anita Sumanth
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2016|10|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|4|14|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|P. Velmurugan
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2016|10|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|6|8|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Dr. G. Jayachandran
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2016|10|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|3|31|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|[[C. V. Karthikeyan]]
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2016|10|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|12|13|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|N. Sathish Kumar
|Service
|{{dts|2016|11|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|11|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|5|5|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|A. D. Jagadish Chandira
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|6|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|4|9|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|2|14|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|[[G. R. Swaminathan]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|6|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|4|9|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|5|31|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Abdul Quddhose
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|6|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|4|9|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|9|7|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|M. Dhandapani
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|6|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|4|9|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|4|14|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Pondicherry Daivasigamani Audikesavalu
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|6|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|4|9|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|12|29|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|P. T. Asha
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|6|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|3|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|8|21|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="8" |[[Dipak Misra]]
|-
|N. Nirmal Kumar
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|6|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|3|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|11|22|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|[[N Anand Venkatesh|N. Anand Venkatesh]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|6|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|3|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|7|3|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|G. K. Ilanthiraiyan
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|6|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|3|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|7|8|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Krishnan Ramasmy
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|6|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|3|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|6|2|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|C. Saravanan
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|6|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|3|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|11|30|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|B. Pugalendhi
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|11|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|3|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|5|24|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Senthilkumar Ramamoorthy
|Bar
|{{dts|2019|2|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|3|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|10|1|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Tadakamalla Vinod Kumar
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2019|8|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|11|16|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 31.07.2025 (PHC: Telangana)
| rowspan="2" |[[Ranjan Gogoi]]
|-
|Hemant Chandangoudar
|Bar
|{{dts|2019|11|11|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|9|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|9|27|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 02.06.2025 (PHC: Karnataka)
|-
|Shamim Ahmed
|Bar
|{{dts|2019|12|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|3|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|3|7|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 30.09.2024 (PHC: Allahabad)
|[[Dipak Misra]]
|-
|Murali Shankar Kuppuraju
|Service
|{{dts|2020|12|3|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2022|5|31|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|5|30|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="2" |[[Sharad Bobde|S. A. Bobde]]
|-
|Thamilselvi T. Valayapalayam
|Service
|{{dts|2020|12|3|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2022|5|31|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|6|18|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Sundaram Srimathy
|Bar
|{{dts|2021|10|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|3|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|1|9|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="10" |[[N. V. Ramana]]
|-
|D. Bharatha Chakravarthy
|Bar
|{{dts|2021|10|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|3|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|7|23|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|R. Vijayakumar
|Bar
|{{dts|2021|10|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|3|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|12|21|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Mohammed Shaffiq
|Bar
|{{dts|2021|10|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|3|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|3|5|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Mummineni Sudheer Kumar
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|3|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|5|19|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 23.11.2023 (PHC: Telangana)
|-
|Kasoju Surendhar
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|3|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|1|10|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 16.06.2025 (PHC: Telangana)
|-
|Nidumolu Mala
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|3|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|9|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|4|23|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|S. Sounthar
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|3|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|9|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|7|28|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Sunder Mohan
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|6|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|9|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|11|1|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Kabali Kumaresh Babu
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|6|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|9|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|12|13|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|[[Victoria Gowri|Lekshmana Chandra Victoria Gowri]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2023|2|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|9|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|5|20|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="13" |[[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]]
|-
|Pillaipakkam Bahukutumbi Balaji
|Bar
|{{dts|2023|2|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|9|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|4|10|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Kandhasami Kulandaivelu Ramakrishnan
|Bar
|{{dts|2023|2|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|9|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|5|26|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Ramachandran Kalaimathi
|Service
|{{dts|2023|2|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|9|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|4|17|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|K. Govindarajan Thilakavadi
|Service
|{{dts|2023|2|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|9|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|4|25|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Venkatachari Lakshminarayanan
|Bar
|{{dts|2023|2|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|10|3|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Periyasamy Vadamalai
|Service
|{{dts|2023|3|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|4|2|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Ramasamy Sakthivel
|Service
|{{dts|2023|5|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|3|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|7|20|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|P. Dhanabal
|Service
|{{dts|2023|5|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|3|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|3|4|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Chinnasamy Kumarappan
|Service
|{{dts|2023|5|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|5|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|7|14|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Kandasamy Rajasekar
|Service
|{{dts|2023|5|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|5|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|4|28|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|N. Senthilkumar
|Bar
|{{dts|2023|10|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|9|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|10|11|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|G. Arul Murugan
|Bar
|{{dts|2023|10|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|9|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2038|5|26|format=dmy}}
|
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Additional judges
!Name of Addl. Judge
!Source
!Date of appointment
!Date of expiry of present term
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
|R. Poornima
|Service
|{{dts|2024|9|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|9|23|format=dmy}}
| rowspan="3" |[[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]]
|-
|M. Jothiraman
|Service
|{{dts|2024|9|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|9|23|format=dmy}}
|-
|Augustine Devadoss Maria Clete
|Service
|{{dts|2024|9|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|9|23|format=dmy}}
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Judges transferred from Madras High Court
!Name of the Judge
!Source
! Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment As Pmt. Judge
! Date of retirement
!Remarks
|-
|[[M. Sundar|'''M. Sundar''']]
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2016|10|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|7|18|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ of Manipur'''
|-
|J. Nisha Banu
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2016|10|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|9|17|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Kerala
|-
|[[Subramonium Prasad]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|6|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|3|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|6|21|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Delhi
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Current Judges elevated to Supreme Court
!Name of the Judge
!Image
!Date of Appointment as Judge
!Date of elevation to Supreme Court
!Date of retirement
|-
| '''[[M. M. Sundresh]]'''
|[[File:Justice MM Sundresh.jpg|alt=|86x86px|Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud]]
| {{dts|2009|3|31|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2021|8|31|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2027|7|20|format=dmy}}
|-
|'''[[R. Mahadevan]]'''
|[[File:Justice R. Mahadevan.jpg|alt=|86x86px|Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud]]
|{{dts|2013|10|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|7|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|6|9|format=dmy}}
|}

== Manipur High Court ==
The [[Manipur High Court]] sits at [[Imphal]] and has jurisdiction over the state of [[Manipur]]. It is permitted to have a maximum of 5 judges of which 4 may be permanently appointed and 1 may be additionally appointed. Currently, it has 3 judges.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Welcome to High Court of Manipur Imphal - court rules|url=https://hcmimphal.nic.in/judges.html|access-date=2019-02-04|website=hcmimphal.nic.in}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Permanent Judges
!Name of the Judge
!Source
!Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment As Pmt. Judge
!Date of retirement
!Remarks
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
|[[M. Sundar|'''M. Sundar''']] '''(CJ)'''
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2016|10|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|7|18|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ w.e.f. 15.09.2025 (PHC: Madras)'''
|
|-
|Ahanthem Bimol Singh
|Bar
|{{dts|2020|3|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2022|3|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|1|31|format=dmy}}
|
|[[Sharad Bobde|S. A. Bobde]]
|-
|Aribam Guneshwar Sharma
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2023|2|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|2|28|format=dmy}}
|
|[[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]]
|}
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Additional Judges
! Name of Addl. Judge
!Source
!Date of appointment
!Date of expire of the present term
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
| --
| --
| --
| --
| --
|}
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Judges transferred from Manipur High Court
!Name of the Judge
!Source
! Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment As Pmt. Judge
! Date of retirement
!Remarks
|-
| --
| --
| --
| --
| --
| --
|}
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Current Judges elevated to Supreme Court
!Name of the Judge
!Image
!Date of Appointment as Judge
!Date of elevation to Supreme Court
!Date of retirement
|-
| [[N. Kotiswar Singh|'''Nongmeikapam Kotiswar Singh''']]
|[[File:Justice N. Kotiswar Singh.jpg|alt=|90x90px|Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud]]
| {{dts|2011|10|17|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2024|7|18|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2028|2|29|format=dmy}}
|}

== Meghalaya High Court ==
The [[Meghalaya High Court]] sits at Shillong and has jurisdiction over the state of Meghalaya. It is permitted to have a maximum of 4 judges, all of whom must be permanently appointed. Currently, it has 4 judges.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chief Justice & Judges {{!}} Official Website of High Court of Meghalaya, India|url=http://meghalayahighcourt.nic.in/chief-justice-judges|access-date=2019-02-04|website=meghalayahighcourt.nic.in}}</ref> There is no provision for appointment of Additional Judges in Meghalaya High Court.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Government maintained list of judges of Meghalaya High Court showing approved strength of additional judges as 0 as on 1 August 2025 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s35d6646aad9bcc0be55b2c82f69750387/uploads/2025/08/20250804485876561.pdf}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Permanent Judges
!Name of the Judge
!Source
!Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment As Pmt. Judge
!Date of retirement
!Remarks
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
|[[Revati Mohite Dere|'''Revati Prashant Mohite Dere''']] '''(CJ)'''
|Bar
|{{dts|2013|6|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2016|3|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|4|16|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ w.e.f. 10.01.2026 (PHC: Bombay)'''
|
|-
|[[Hamarsan Singh Thangkhiew]]
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2018|11|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|12|23|format=dmy}}
|
|[[Dipak Misra]]
|-
|Wanlura Diengdoh
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2019|11|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|11|8|format=dmy}}
|
|[[Ranjan Gogoi]]
|-
|Biswadeep Bhattacharjee
|Bar
|{{dts|2023|8|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|7|31|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|3|25|format=dmy}}
|
|[[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]]
|}
'''''There is no provision of additional judges in Meghalaya High Court.'''''
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Judges transferred from Meghalaya High Court
!Name of the Judge
!Source
! Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment As Pmt. Judge
! Date of retirement
!Remarks
|-
| --
| --
| --
| --
| --
|
|}
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Current Judges elevated to Supreme Court
!Name of the Judge
!Image
!Date of Appointment as Judge
!Date of elevation to Supreme Court
!Date of retirement
|-
| --
| --
| --
| --
| --
|}

== Orissa High Court ==
The [[Orissa High Court]] sits at [[Cuttack]] and has jurisdiction over the state of [[Odisha]]. It is permitted to have a maximum of 33 judges of which 24 may be permanently appointed and 9 may be additionally appointed. Currently, it has 19 judges.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Orissa High Court, Cuttack|url=http://www.orissahighcourt.nic.in/cjohc.html|access-date=2019-02-04|website=www.orissahighcourt.nic.in}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Permanent judges
!Name of the Judge
!Source
!Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment As Pmt. Judge
!Date of retirement
!Remarks
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
|[[Harish Tandon|'''Harish Tandon''']] '''(CJ)'''
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2010|4|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|11|15|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ w.e.f. 26.03.2025 (PHC: Calcutta)'''
|
|-
|Manash Ranjan Pathak
|Bar
|{{dts|2013|5|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|11|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|8|27|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 21.07.2025 (PHC: Gauhati)
|
|-
|Krushna Ram Mohapatra
|Bar
|{{dts|2015|4|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2017|4|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|4|17|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Dixit Krishna Shripad
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|1|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|7|19|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 12.05.2025 (PHC: Karnataka)
|[[Dipak Misra]]
|-
|Bibhu Prasad Routray
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2019|11|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|1|31|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="2" |[[Ranjan Gogoi]]
|-
| Dr Sanjeeb Kumar Panigrahi
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2020|2|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|7|28|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Savitri Ratho
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2020|6|11|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|7|3|format=dmy}}
|
|[[Sharad Bobde|S. A. Bobde]]
|-
|Mruganka Sekhar Sahoo
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2021|10|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|9|6|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="10" |[[N. V. Ramana]]
|-
|Radha Krishna Pattanaik
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2021|10|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|10|24|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Sashikanta Mishra
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2021|10|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|1|16|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Aditya Kumar Mohapatra
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2021|11|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|2|25|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|V. Narasingh
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|1|18|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Biraja Prasanna Satapathy
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|8|19|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Murahari Sri Raman
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|6|7|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Sanjay Kumar Mishra
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|6|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|11|13|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Gourishankar Satapathy
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2022|8|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|4|24|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Chittaranjan Dash
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2022|8|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|11|11|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Sibo Sankar Mishra
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2023|9|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|5|2|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="2" |[[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]]
|-
|Ananda Chandra Behera
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2023|9|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|5|22|format=dmy}}
|
|}
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Additional Judges
! Name of Addl. Judge
!Source
!Date of appointment
!Date of expire of the present term
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
| --
| --
| --
| --
| --
|}
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Judges transferred from Orissa High Court
!Name of the Judge
!Source
! Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment As Pmt. Judge
! Date of retirement
!Remarks
|-
| [[Sangam Kumar Sahoo|'''Sangam Kumar Sahoo''']]
| Bar
| {{dts|2014|7|2|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2016|7|1|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2026|6|4|format=dmy}}
| '''CJ of Patna'''
|}
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Current Judges elevated to Supreme Court
!Name of the Judge
!Image
!Date of Appointment as Judge
!Date of elevation to Supreme Court
!Date of retirement
|-
| --
| --
| --
| --
| --
|}

== Patna High Court ==
The [[Patna High Court]] sits at [[Patna]], and has jurisdiction over the state of [[Bihar]]. It may have a maximum of 53 judges, of which 40 may be permanently appointed and 13 may be additionally appointed. Currently, it has 37 judges.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The High Court of Judicature at Patna|url=http://patnahighcourt.gov.in/Judges.aspx|access-date=2019-02-04|website=patnahighcourt.gov.in}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Permanent Judges
!Name of the Judge
!Source
!Date of Appointment As Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment as Pmt. Judge
!Date of retirement
!Remarks
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
|[[Sangam Kumar Sahoo|'''Sangam Kumar Sahoo''']] '''(CJ)'''
|Bar
|{{dts|2014|7|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2016|7|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|6|4|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ w.e.f. 07.01.2026 (PHC: Orissa)'''
|
|-
|Sudhir Singh
|Bar
|{{dts|2015|4|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2016|4|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|12|10|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Rajeev Ranjan Prasad
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|5|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|4|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|9|4|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Mohit Kumar Shah
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|5|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|4|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|4|25|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Bibek Chaudhuri
|Service
|{{dts|2018|10|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|5|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|10|31|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 24.11.2023 (PHC: Calcutta)
| rowspan="3" |[[Dipak Misra]]
|-
|Nani Tagia
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|11|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|11|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|5|15|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 01.11.2023 (PHC: Gauhati)
|-
|Sanjay Kumar Singh
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|11|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|11|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|1|20|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 30.10.2025 (PHC: Allahabad)
|-
|Anil Kumar Sinha
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2019|4|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|6|18|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="4" |[[Ranjan Gogoi]]
|-
|Prabhat Kumar Singh
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2019|4|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|1|1|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Partha Sarthy
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2019|4|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|10|21|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Annireddy Abhishek Reddy
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2019|8|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|11|6|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 15.05.2023 (PHC: Telangana)
|-
|Sandeep Kumar
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2021|10|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|1|19|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="15" |[[N. V. Ramana]]
|-
|Purnendu Singh
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2021|10|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|2|3|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Satyavrat Verma
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2021|10|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|12|5|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Rajesh Kumar Verma
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2021|10|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|12|11|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Gunnu Anupama Chakravarthy
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2022|3|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|3|20|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 01.11.2023 (PHC: Telangana)
|-
|Rajiv Roy
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|3|29|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|10|31|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Harish Kumar
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|3|29|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|1|9|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Shailendra Singh
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2022|6|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|6|3|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Arun Kumar Jha
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2022|6|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|10|16|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Jitendra Kumar
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2022|6|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|11|1|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Alok Kumar Pandey
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2022|6|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|8|31|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Sunil Dutta Mishra
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2022|6|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|12|19|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Chandra Shekhar Jha
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2022|6|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|12|31|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Khatim Reza
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|6|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|12|4|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Anshuman
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|6|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|6|10|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Rudra Prakash Mishra
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2023|11|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|02|14|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="4" |[[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]]
|-
|Ramesh Chand Malviya
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2023|11|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|6|30|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Shashi Bhushan Prasad Singh
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2024|10|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|1|15|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Ashok Kumar Pandey
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2024|10|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|9|16|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Alok Kumar Sinha
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2025|3|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|9|7|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="3" |[[Sanjiv Khanna]]
|-
|Sourendra Pandey
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2025|3|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|12|10|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Soni Shrivastava
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2025|3|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|8|11|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Ajit Kumar
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2025|8|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|11|21|format=dmy}}
|
|[[B. R. Gavai]]
|-
|Ritesh Kumar
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2026|1|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|7|1|format=dmy}}
|
|[[Sanjiv Khanna]]
|-
|Praveen Kumar
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2026|1|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2039|10|20|format=dmy}}
|
|[[B. R. Gavai]]
|-
|Ansul alias Anshul Raj
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2026|1|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|7|11|format=dmy}}
|
|[[Sanjiv Khanna]]
|}
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Additional Judges
! Name of Addl. Judge
!Source
!Date of appointment
!Date of expire of the present term
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
| --
| --
| --
| --
| --
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Judges transferred from Patna High Court
!Name of the Judge
!Source
! Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment As Pmt. Judge
! Date of retirement
!Remarks
|-
|'''[[Ashutosh Kumar]]'''
|Bar
|{{dts|2014|5|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2016|4|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|9|30|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ of Gauhati'''
|-
|Madhuresh Prasad
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|5|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|4|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|10|1|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Calcutta
|}
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Current Judges elevated to Supreme Court
!Name of the Judge
!Image
!Date of Appointment as Judge
!Date of elevation to Supreme Court
!Date of retirement
|-
| '''[[Ahsanuddin Amanullah]]'''
|[[File:Justice Ahsanuddin Amanullah.jpg|alt=|108x108px|Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud]]
| {{dts|2011|6|20|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2023|2|6|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2028|5|10|format=dmy}}
|}

== Punjab and Haryana High Court ==
The [[Punjab and Haryana High Court]] sits at [[Chandigarh]], and has jurisdiction over the states of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] and [[Haryana]] and the union territory of Chandigarh. It may have a maximum of 85 judges of which 64 may be permanently appointed and 21 may be additionally appointed. Currently, it has 58 judges.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hon'ble Judges|url=https://www.highcourtchd.gov.in/?trs=chief|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819115549/https://highcourtchd.gov.in/?trs=chief|archive-date=19 August 2019|access-date=7 June 2019|publisher=High Court of Punjab and Haryana}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Permanent Judges
!Name of the Judge
!Source
!Date of Appointment As Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment as Pmt. Judge
!Date of retirement
!Remarks
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
|'''[[Sheel Nagu]] (CJ)'''
|Bar
|{{dts|2011|5|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2013|5|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|12|31|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ w.e.f. 09.07.2024 (PHC: MP)'''
|-
|Ashwani Kumar Mishra
|Bar
|{{dts|2014|2|3|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2016|2|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|11|15|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 21.07.2025 (PHC: Allahabad)
|
|-
|Deepak Sibal
|Bar
|{{dts|2014|9|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2016|5|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|9|2|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Gurvinder Singh Gill
|Service
|{{dts|2017|6|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|12|3|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|5|11|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Mahabir Singh Sindhu
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|7|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|12|3|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|4|3|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Harsimran Singh Sethi
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|10|29|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|9|11|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|10|21|format=dmy}}
|
|[[Dipak Misra]]
|-
|Anoop Chitkara
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2019|5|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|4|28|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 12.10.2021 (PHC: HP)
| rowspan="5" |[[Ranjan Gogoi]]
|-
|Suvir Sehgal
|Bar
|{{dts|2019|10|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|10|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|6|6|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Alka Sarin
|Bar
|{{dts|2019|10|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|10|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|6|20|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Jasgurpreet Singh Puri
|Bar
|{{dts|2019|11|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|10|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|8|29|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Archana Puri
|Service
|{{dts|2019|11|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|10|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|12|12|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Rajesh Kumar Bhardwaj
|Bar
|{{dts|2020|9|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|10|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|1|9|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="2" |[[Sharad Bobde|S. A. Bobde]]
|-
|Vikas Bahl
|Bar
|{{dts|2021|5|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|5|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|9|24|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Vikas Suri
|Bar
|{{dts|2021|10|29|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|5|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|9|4|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="5" |[[N. V. Ramana]]
|-
|Sandeep Moudgil
|Bar
|{{dts|2021|10|29|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|5|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|3|16|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Vinod Sharma (Bhardwaj)
|Bar
|{{dts|2021|10|29|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|5|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|5|22|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Pankaj Jain
|Bar
|{{dts|2021|10|29|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|5|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|6|17|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Jasjit Singh Bedi
|Bar
|{{dts|2021|10|29|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|5|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|7|5|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Lapita Banerji
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|6|9|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|2|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|6|22|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 01.02.2024 (PHC: Calcutta)
|[[Ranjan Gogoi]]
|-
|Nidhi Gupta
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|9|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|7|27|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="20" |[[N. V. Ramana]]
|-
|Sanjay Vashisth
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|9|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|9|27|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Tribhuvan Dahiya
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|9|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|1|22|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Namit Kumar
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|9|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|4|3|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Harkesh Manuja
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|9|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|4|19|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Aman Chaudhary
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|9|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|12|17|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Naresh Singh Shekhawat
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|9|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|6|20|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Harsh Bunger
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|9|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|12|14|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Jagmohan Bansal
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|9|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|11|6|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Deepak Manchanda
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|9|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|1|12|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Alok Jain
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|9|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|1|25|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Kuldeep Tiwari
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|11|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|3|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2039|5|14|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Deepak Gupta
|Service
|{{dts|2022|11|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|3|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|11|19|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Amarjot Bhatti
|Service
|{{dts|2022|11|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|3|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|9|21|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Manisha Batra
|Service
|{{dts|2022|11|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|3|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|9|21|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Harpreet Kaur Jeewan
|Service
|{{dts|2022|11|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|3|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|6|3|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Sukhvinder Kaur
|Service
|{{dts|2022|11|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|3|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|12|28|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Sanjiv Berry
|Service
|{{dts|2022|11|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|3|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|11|27|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Vikram Aggarwal
|Service
|{{dts|2022|11|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|3|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|8|11|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Harpreet Singh Brar
|Bar
|{{dts|2023|4|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|1|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|12|19|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Sumeet Goel
|Bar
|{{dts|2023|11|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|4|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|11|22|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="3" |[[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]]
|-
|Sudeepti Sharma
|Bar
|{{dts|2023|11|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|4|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|3|6|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Kirti Singh
|Bar
|{{dts|2023|11|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|4|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|8|29|format=dmy}}
|
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Additional Judges
!Name of Addl. Judge
!Source
!Date of appointment
!Date of expiry of present term
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
|Harmeet Singh Grewal
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|2|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|2|16|format=dmy}}
| rowspan="3" |[[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]]
|-
|Deepinder Singh Nalwa
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|2|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|2|16|format=dmy}}
|-
|Rohit Kapoor
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|5|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|5|27|format=dmy}}
|-
|Virinder Aggarwal
|Service
|{{dts|2025|8|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|8|3|format=dmy}}
| rowspan="11" |[[B. R. Gavai]]
|-
|Mandeep Pannu
|Service
|{{dts|2025|8|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|8|3|format=dmy}}
|-
|Amarinder Singh Grewal
|Service
|{{dts|2025|8|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|8|3|format=dmy}}
|-
|Parmod Goyal
|Service
|{{dts|2025|8|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|8|3|format=dmy}}
|-
|Rupinderjit Chahal
|Service
|{{dts|2025|8|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|8|3|format=dmy}}
|-
|Shalini Singh Nagpal
|Service
|{{dts|2025|8|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|8|3|format=dmy}}
|-
|Subhas Mehla
|Service
|{{dts|2025|8|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|8|3|format=dmy}}
|-
|Surya Partap Singh
|Service
|{{dts|2025|8|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|8|3|format=dmy}}
|-
|Aaradhna Sawhney
|Service
|{{dts|2025|8|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|8|3|format=dmy}}
|-
|Yashvir Singh Rathor
|Service
|{{dts|2025|8|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|8|3|format=dmy}}
|-
|Ramesh Kumari
|Service
|{{dts|2025|8|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|6|9|format=dmy}}
|-
|Ramesh Chander Dimri
|Service
|{{dts|2026|1|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|1|7|format=dmy}}
|rowspan="2" |[[Surya Kant]]
|-
|Neerja Kulwant Kalson
|Service
|{{dts|2026|1|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|1|7|format=dmy}}
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Judges transferred from Punjab and Haryana High Court
!Name of the Judge
!Source
! Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment As Pmt. Judge
! Date of retirement
!Remarks
|-
|'''[[Gurmeet Singh Sandhawalia]]'''
|Bar
|{{dts|2011|9|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2014|1|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|10|31|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ of HP'''
|-
|[[Arun Palli|'''Arun Palli''']]
|Bar
|{{dts|2013|12|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2014|12|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|9|17|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ of J&K'''
|-
|[[Lisa Gill]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2014|3|31|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2014|12|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|11|16|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to AP
|-
|Anil Kshetarpal
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|7|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|12|3|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|11|18|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Delhi
|-
|Avneesh Jhingan
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|7|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|12|3|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|1|28|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Delhi
|-
|Arun Monga
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|10|29|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|9|11|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|12|20|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Rajasthan
|-
|Manoj Bajaj
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|10|29|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|9|11|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|6|22|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Allahabad
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Current Judges elevated to Supreme Court
!Name of the Judge
!Image
!Date of Appointment as Judge
!Date of elevation to Supreme Court
!Date of retirement
|-
| [[Surya Kant (judge)|'''Surya Kant''']]
[[Chief Justice of India|'''(Chief Justice of India)''']]
|[[File:Justice Surya Kant.jpg|alt=|108x108px|Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud]]
| {{dts|2004|1|9|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2019|5|24|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2027|2|9|format=dmy}}
|-
|'''[[Rajesh Bindal]]'''
|[[File:Justice Rajesh Bindal.jpg|alt=|94x94px|Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud]]
|{{dts|2006|3|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|2|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|4|15|format=dmy}}
|-
|'''[[Augustine George Masih]]'''
|[[File:Justice Augustine George Masih.jpg|alt=|92x92px|Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud]]
|{{dts|2008|7|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2023|11|9|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|3|11|format=dmy}}
|}

== Rajasthan High Court ==
The [[Rajasthan High Court]] sits at Jodhpur and has jurisdiction over the state of Rajasthan. It may have a maximum of 50 judges of which 38 may be permanently appointed and 12 may be additionally appointed. Currently, it has 39 judges.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sitting Judges, Rajasthan HC|url=http://164.100.222.238/hcraj/jphoto.php|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105012858/http://164.100.222.238/hcraj/jphoto.php|archive-date=5 November 2018|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Permanent Judges
!Name of the Judge
!Source
!Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment As Pmt. Judge
!Date of retirement
!Remarks
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
|'''Sanjeev Prakash Sharma (ACJ)'''
|Bar
|{{dts|2016|11|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|3|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|9|26|format=dmy}}
|'''ACJ w.e.f. 28.09.2025'''
|
|-
|Dr. Pushpendra Singh Bhati
|Bar
|{{dts|2016|11|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|3|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|9|20|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Vinit Kumar Mathur
|Bar
|{{dts|2016|11|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|3|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|3|30|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Inderjeet Singh
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|5|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|8|31|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|7|24|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Arun Monga
|Bar
|{{dts|2018|10|29|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2020|9|11|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|12|20|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 29.10.2025 (PHC: P&H)
|[[Dipak Misra]]
|-
|Mahendar Kumar Goyal
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2019|11|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|3|22|format=dmy}}
|
|[[Ranjan Gogoi]]
|-
|Munnuri Laxman
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2021|10|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|12|23|format=dmy}}
| Joined on 01.11.2023 (PHC: Telangana)
|[[N. V. Ramana]]
|-
|Farjand Ali
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2021|10|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|12|14|format=dmy}}
|
|[[Ranjan Gogoi]]
|-
|Sudesh Bansal
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2021|10|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|5|4|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="9" |[[N. V. Ramana]]
|-
|Anoop Kumar Dhand
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2021|10|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|3|16|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Vinod Kumar Bharwani
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2021|10|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|7|8|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Uma Shanker Vyas
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2021|10|29|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|6|15|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Rekha Borana
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2021|10|29|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|12|1|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Sameer Jain
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2021|10|29|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|3|4|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Kuldeep Mathur
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|6|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|12|9|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Shubha Mehta
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2022|6|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|7|4|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Ganesh Ram Meena
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2023|1|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|3|24|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Anil Kumar Upman
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2023|1|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|9|17|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="7" |[[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]]
|-
|Nupur Bhati
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2023|1|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|2|11|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Ashok Kumar Jain
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2023|1|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|10|22|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Yogendra Kumar Purohit
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2023|1|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|10|28|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Bhuwan Goyal
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2023|1|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|3|25|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Praveer Bhatnagar
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2023|1|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|10|10|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Ashutosh Kumar
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2023|1|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|12|24|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Chandra Shekhar Sharma
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|1|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|7|2|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="3" |[[Sanjiv Khanna]]
|-
|Pramil Kumar Mathur
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|1|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|2|2|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Chandra Prakash Shrimali
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|1|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|8|1|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Maneesh Sharma
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2025|2|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|2|5|format=dmy}}
|
|[[N. V. Ramana]]
|-
|Anand Sharma
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2025|3|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|8|3|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="5" |[[Sanjiv Khanna]]
|-
|Sunil Beniwal
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2025|3|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|5|31|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Mukesh Rajpurohit
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2025|3|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|5|14|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Sandeep Shah
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2025|3|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2038|8|14|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Sandeep Taneja
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2025|7|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|1|2|format=dmy}}
|
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Additional Judges
! Name of Addl. Judge
!Source
!Date of initial appointment
!Date of expiry of the present term
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
|Baljinder Singh Sandhu
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|7|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|7|22|format=dmy}}
|[[Sanjiv Khanna]]
|-
|Bipin Gupta
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|7|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|7|22|format=dmy}}
| rowspan="5" |[[B. R. Gavai]]
|-
|Sanjeet Purohit
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|7|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|7|22|format=dmy}}
|-
|Ravi Chirania
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|7|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|7|22|format=dmy}}
|-
|Anuroop Singhi
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|7|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|7|22|format=dmy}}
|-
|Sangeeta Sharma
|Service
|{{dts|2025|7|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|7|22|format=dmy}}
|}
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Judges transferred from Rajasthan High Court
!Name of the Judge
!Source
! Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment As Pmt. Judge
! Date of retirement
!Remarks
|-
|'''[[Arun Bhansali]]'''
|Bar
|{{dts|2013|1|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2015|1|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|10|14|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ of Allahabad'''
|-
|Dinesh Mehta
|Bar
|{{dts|2016|11|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2018|3|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|1|27|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Delhi
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Current Judges elevated to Supreme Court
!Name of the Judge
!Image
!Date of Appointment as Judge
!Date of elevation to Supreme Court
!Date of retirement
|-
| '''[[Sandeep Mehta]]'''
|[[File:Justice Sandeep Mehta.jpg|alt=|94x94px|Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud]]
| {{dts|2011|5|30|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2023|11|9|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2028|1|10|format=dmy}}
|-
| '''[[Vijay Bishnoi]]'''
|[[File:Justice Vijay Bishnoi.jpg|alt=|92x92px|Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud]]
| {{dts|2013|1|8|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2025|5|30|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2029|3|23|format=dmy}}
|}

== Sikkim High Court ==
The [[Sikkim High Court]] sits at Gangtok and has jurisdiction over the state of Sikkim. It may have a maximum of 3 judges, all of whom must be permanently appointed. Currently, it has 3 judges.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Judges Profile {{!}} High Court of Sikkim|url=http://highcourtofsikkim.nic.in/hcs/JudgesProfile|access-date=2019-02-04|website=highcourtofsikkim.nic.in|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417124547/http://highcourtofsikkim.nic.in/hcs/JudgesProfile|url-status=dead}}</ref> There is no provision for appointment of Additional Judges in Sikkim High Court.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Government maintained list of judges of Sikkim High Court showing approved strength of additional judges as 0 as on 1 August 2025 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s35d6646aad9bcc0be55b2c82f69750387/uploads/2025/08/202508041213310875.pdf}}</ref> As of 2025, no judges from the Sikkim High Court have been elevated to the Supreme Court.

{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Permanent Judges
!Name of the Judge
!Source
!Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment As Pmt. Judge
!Date of retirement
!Remarks
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
|[[A. Muhamed Mustaque|'''Muhamed Mustaque Ayumantakath''']] '''(CJ)'''
|'''Bar'''
|'''{{dts|2014|1|23|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{dts|2016|3|10|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{dts|2029|5|31|format=dmy}}'''
|'''CJ w.e.f. 04.01.2026'''
'''(PHC: Kerala)'''
|
|-
|[[Meenakshi Madan Rai]]
| Service
| --
|{{dts|2015|4|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|7|11|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|Bhaskar Raj Pradhan
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2017|5|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|10|18|format=dmy}}
|
|
|}
'''''There is no provision of additional judges in Sikkim High Court.'''''
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Judges transferred from Sikkim High Court
!Name of the Judge
!Source
! Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment As Pmt. Judge
! Date of retirement
!Remarks
|-
| --
| --
| --
| --
| --
| --
|}
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Current Judges elevated to Supreme Court
!Name of the Judge
!Image
!Date of Appointment as Judge
!Date of elevation to Supreme Court
!Date of retirement
|-
| --
| --
| --
| --
| --
|}

== Telangana High Court ==
The [[Telangana High Court]] sits at [[Hyderabad]] and has jurisdiction over the state of [[Telangana]]. It may have a maximum of 42 Judges of which 32 may be permanently appointed and 10 may be additionally appointed. Currently, it has 28 judges.<ref>{{Cite web|title=HON'BLE JUDGES PROFILE|url=http://hc.tap.nic.in/aphc/hc2019/profiles-ts.html|access-date=2019-02-04|website=hc.tap.nic.in}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Permanent Judges
!Name of the Judge
!Source
!Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment As Pmt. Judge
!Date of retirement
!Remarks
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
|'''[[Aparesh Kumar Singh]] (CJ)'''
|Bar
|{{dts|2012|1|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2014|1|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|7|6|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ w.e.f. 19.07.2025''' '''(PHC: Jharkhand)'''
|
|-
|[[P. Sam Koshy|Puthichira Sam Koshy]]
|Bar
|{{dts|2013|9|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2016|3|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|4|29|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 27.07.2023 (PHC: Chhattisgarh)
|
|-
|Moushumi Bhattacharya
|Bar
|{{dts|2017|9|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2019|9|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|10|26|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 28.03.2023 (PHC: Calcutta)
|
|-
|Kunuru Lakshman
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2019|8|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|6|7|format=dmy}}
|
|[[Ranjan Gogoi]]
|-
|Bollampally Vijaysen Reddy
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2020|5|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|8|21|format=dmy}}
|
|[[Sharad Bobde|S. A. Bobde]]
|-
|Noonsavath Tukaramji
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2021|10|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|1|23|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="12" |[[N. V. Ramana]]
|-
|Tangirala Madhavi Devi
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2021|10|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|12|27|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Surepalli Nanda
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|3|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|4|3|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Juvvadi Sridevi
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|3|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|8|9|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Natcharaju Shravan Kumar Venkat
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|3|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|8|17|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Chada Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|8|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|6|27|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|E. V. Venugopal
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|8|15|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Nagesh Bheemapaka
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|3|7|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|P. Elamadar
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|6|3|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|K. Sarath
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|1|28|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|J. Srinivas Rao
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|4|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|8|30|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Namavarapu Rajeshwar Rao
|Bar
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2024|4|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|6|29|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Laxmi Narayana Alishetty
|Bar
|{{dts|2023|7|31|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|5|12|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="3" |[[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]]
|-
|Anil Kumar Jukanti
|Bar
|{{dts|2023|7|31|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|12|27|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Sujana Kalasikam
|Service
|{{dts|2023|7|31|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|3|9|format=dmy}}
|
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Additional Judges
!Name of Addl. Judge
!Source
!Date of initial appointment
!Date of expiry of present term
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
|Tirumala Devi Eada
|Service
|{{dts|2025|1|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|6|1|format=dmy}}
| rowspan="4" |[[Sanjiv Khanna]]
|-
|Renuka Yara
|Service
|{{dts|2025|1|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|1|24|format=dmy}}
|-
|[[Narsing Rao Nandikonda]]
|Service
|{{dts|2025|1|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|1|24|format=dmy}}
|-
|Madhusudhan Rao Bobbili Ramaiah
|Service
|{{dts|2025|1|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|1|24|format=dmy}}
|-
|Gouse Meera Mohiuddin
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|7|31|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|7|30|format=dmy}}
| rowspan="4" |[[B. R. Gavai]]
|-
|Chalapathi Rao Suddala
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|7|31|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|7|30|format=dmy}}
|-
|Vakiti Ramakrishna Reddy
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|7|31|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|7|30|format=dmy}}
|-
|Gadi Praveen Kumar
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|7|31|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|7|30|format=dmy}}
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Judges transferred from Telangana High Court
!Name of the Judge
!Source
!Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment As Pmt. Judge
!Date of retirement
!Remarks
|-
| '''[[M. S. Ramachandra Rao (judge)|Mamidanna Satyaratna Ramachandra Rao]]'''
| Bar
| {{dts|2012|6|29|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2013|12|4|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2028|8|6|format=dmy}}
| '''CJ of Tripura'''
|-
|[[T. Amarnath Goud|Todupunuri Amarnath Goud]]
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2017|9|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|2|28|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Tripura
|-
|Tadakamalla Vinod Kumar
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2019|8|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|11|16|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Madras
|-
|Annireddy Abhishek Reddy
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2019|8|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|11|6|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Patna
|-
|Perugu Sree Sudha
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2021|10|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|6|5|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Karnataka
|-
|Chillakur Sumalatha
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2021|10|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|2|4|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Karnataka
|-
|Munnuri Laxman
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2021|10|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|12|23|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Rajasthan
|-
|Mummineni Sudheer Kumar
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|3|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|5|19|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Madras
|-
|Kasoju Surendhar
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2022|3|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|1|10|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Madras
|-
|Gunnu Anupama Chakravarthy
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2022|3|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|3|20|format=dmy}}
|Transferred to Patna
|}
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Current Judges elevated to Supreme Court
!Name of the Judge
!Image
!Date of Appointment as Judge
!Date of elevation to Supreme Court
!Date of retirement
|-
| [[P. V. Sanjay Kumar|'''Puligoru Venkata Sanjay Kumar''']]
|[[File:Justice P. V. Sanjay Kumar.jpg|alt=|108x108px|Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud]]
| {{dts|2008|8|8|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2023|2|6|format=dmy}}
| {{dts|2028|8|13|format=dmy}}
|}

== Tripura High Court ==
The [[Tripura High Court]] sits at [[Agartala]] and has jurisdiction over the state of [[Tripura]]. It may have a maximum of 5 judges of which 4 may be permanently appointed and 1 may be additionally appointed. Currently, it has 4 judges.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Welcome to High Court of Tripura|url=http://tsu.trp.nic.in/highcourt/CJprofile.html|access-date=2019-02-04|website=tsu.trp.nic.in}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Permanent Judges
!Name of the Judge
!Source
!Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment As Pmt. Judge
!Date of retirement
!Remarks
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
|'''[[M. S. Ramachandra Rao (judge)|Mamidanna Satyratna Ramachandra Rao]] (CJ)'''
|Bar
|{{dts|2012|6|29|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2013|12|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|8|6|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ w.e.f. 22.07.2025 (PHC: Telangana)'''
|
|-
|[[T. Amarnath Goud|Todupunuri Amarnath Goud]]
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2017|9|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|2|28|format=dmy}}
|Joined on 28.10.2021 (PHC: Telangana)
|
|-
|Sabyasachi Datta Purkayastha
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2023|10|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|2|11|format=dmy}}
|
|[[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]]
|-
|Biswajit Palit
|Service
|{{dts|2023|10|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2025|9|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|5|4|format=dmy}}
|
|[[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]]
|}
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Additional Judges
!Name of Addl. Judge
!Source
!Date of initial appointment
!Date of expiry of present term
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
| --
| --
| --
| --
| --
|}

{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Judges transferred from Tripura High Court
!Name of the Judge
!Source
!Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment As Pmt. Judge
!Date of retirement
!Remarks
|-
| --
| --
| --
| --
| --
| --
|}
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Current Judges elevated to Supreme Court
!Name of the Judge
!Image
!Date of Appointment as Judge
!Date of elevation to Supreme Court
!Date of retirement
|-
| --
| --
| --
| --
| --
|}

== Uttarakhand High Court ==
The [[Uttarakhand High Court]] sits at [[Nainital]] and has jurisdiction over the state of [[Uttarakhand]]. It may have a maximum of 11 judges of which 9 may be permanently appointed and 2 may be additionally appointed. Currently, it has 10 judges.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hon'ble the Chief Justice: Hon'ble the Chief Justice|url=http://highcourtofuttarakhand.gov.in/pages/display/221-honble-the-chief-justice|access-date=2019-02-04|website=highcourtofuttarakhand.gov.in}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Permanent Judges
!Name of the Judge
!Source
!Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment As Pmt. Judge
!Date of Retirement
!Remarks
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
|'''[[Manoj Kumar Gupta]] (CJ)'''
|Bar
|{{dts|2013|4|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2015|4|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|10|8|format=dmy}}
|'''CJ w.e.f. 10.01.2026 (PHC: Allahabad)'''
|
|-
|[[Manoj Kumar Tiwari]]
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2017|5|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|9|18|format=dmy}}
|
|
|-
|[[Ravindra Maithani]]
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2018|12|3|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|6|24|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="2" |[[Ranjan Gogoi]]
|-
|Alok Kumar Verma
|Service
|{{dts|2019|5|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2021|5|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|8|15|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Rakesh Thapliyal
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2023|4|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|11|14|format=dmy}}
|
| rowspan="2" |[[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]]
|-
|Pankaj Purohit
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2023|4|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|7|27|format=dmy}}
|
|-
|Ashish Naithani
|Service
| --
|{{dts|2025|1|9|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|6|3|format=dmy}}
|
|[[Sanjiv Khanna]]
|-
|Alok Mahra
|Bar
| --
|{{dts|2025|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|1|31|format=dmy}}
|
|[[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]]
|}
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Additional Judges
! Name of Addl. Judge
!Source
!Date of initial appointment
!Date of expiry of the present term
!Nominated as Judge by
|-
|Subhash Upadhyaya
|Bar
|{{dts|2025|5|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|5|29|format=dmy}}
|rowspan="2" |[[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]]
|-
|Siddhartha Sah
|Bar
|{{dts|2026|1|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|1|7|format=dmy}}
|}
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Judges transferred from Uttarakhand High Court
!Name of the Judge
!Source
!Date of Appointment as Addl. Judge
!Date of Appointment As Pmt. Judge
!Date of retirement
!Remarks
|-
| --
| --
| --
| --
| --
| --
|}
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|+Current Judges elevated to Supreme Court
!Name of the Judge
!Image
!Date of Appointment as Judge
!Date of elevation to Supreme Court
!Date of retirement
|-
| --
| --
| --
| --
| --
|}

== List of Judges by seniority (in cumulative) ==
Judge names which don't have date of retirement indicated are "Additional Judges".<ref name=":1" />

{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
!Judge
!Parent High Court
!Date of Joining
!Date of Retirement
!Tenure
!Current High Court
|-
|[[Harish Tandon|'''Harish Tandon (CJ)''']]
|[[Calcutta High Court|'''Calcutta''']]
|'''{{dts|2010|4|13|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{dts|2026|11|15|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{ayd|2010|4|13|2026|11|15|duration=on}}'''
|[[Orissa High Court|'''Orissa''']]
|-
|[[Soumen Sen|'''Soumen Sen (CJ)''']]
|[[Calcutta High Court|'''Calcutta''']]
|'''{{dts|2011|4|13|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{dts|2027|7|26|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{ayd|2011|4|13|2027|7|26|duration=on}}'''
|[[Kerala High Court|'''Kerala''']]
|-
|[[Sheel Nagu|'''Sheel Nagu (CJ)''']]
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|'''Madhya Pradesh''']]
|'''{{dts|2011|5|27|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{dts|2026|12|31|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{ayd|2011|5|27|2026|12|31|duration=on}}'''
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|'''Punjab and Haryana''']]
|-
|[[Sujoy Paul|'''Sujoy Paul (CJ)''']]
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|'''Madhya Pradesh''']]
|'''{{dts|2011|5|27|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{dts|2026|6|20|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{ayd|2011|5|27|2026|6|20|duration=on}}'''
|[[Calcutta High Court|'''Calcutta''']]
|-
|[[Gurmeet Singh Sandhawalia|'''Gurmeet Singh Sandhawalia (CJ)''']]
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|'''Punjab and Haryana''']]
|'''{{dts|2011|9|30|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{dts|2027|10|31|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{ayd|2011|9|30|2027|10|31|duration=on}}'''
|[[Himachal Pradesh High Court|'''Himachal Pradesh''']]
|-
|[[Ramesh Sinha|'''Ramesh Sinha (CJ)''']]
|[[Allahabad High Court|'''Allahabad''']]
|'''{{dts|2011|11|21|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{dts|2026|9|4|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{ayd|2011|11|21|2026|9|4|duration=on}}'''
|[[Chhattisgarh High Court|'''Chhattisgarh''']]
|-
|[[Sunita Agarwal|'''Sunita Agarwal (CJ)''']]
|[[Allahabad High Court|'''Allahabad''']]
|'''{{dts|2011|11|21|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{dts|2028|4|29|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{ayd|2011|11|21|2028|4|29|duration=on}}'''
|[[Gujarat High Court|'''Gujarat''']]
|-
|[[Devendra Kumar Upadhyaya|'''Devendra Kumar Upadhyaya (CJ)''']]
|[[Allahabad High Court|'''Allahabad''']]
|'''{{dts|2011|11|21|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{dts|2027|6|15|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{ayd|2011|11|21|2027|6|15|duration=on}}'''
|[[Delhi High Court|'''Delhi''']]
|-
|[[Aparesh Kumar Singh|'''Aparesh Kumar Singh (CJ)''']]
|[[Jharkhand High Court|'''Jharkhand''']]
|'''{{dts|2012|1|24|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{dts|2027|7|6|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{ayd|2012|1|24|2027|7|6|duration=on}}'''
|[[Telangana High Court|'''Telangana''']]
|-
|[[M. S. Ramachandra Rao (judge)|'''Mamidanna Satyratna Ramachandra Rao (CJ)''']]
|[[Telangana High Court|'''Telangana''']]
|'''{{dts|2012|6|29|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{dts|2028|8|6|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{ayd|2012|6|29|2028|8|6|duration=on}}'''
|[[Tripura High Court|'''Tripura''']]
|-
|[[Arun Bhansali|'''Arun Bhansali (CJ)''']]
|[[Rajasthan High Court|'''Rajasthan''']]
|'''{{dts|2013|1|8|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{dts|2029|10|14|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{ayd|2013|1|8|2029|10|14|duration=on}}'''
|[[Allahabad High Court|'''Allahabad''']]
|-
|[[Shree Chandrashekhar|'''Shree Chandrashekhar (CJ)''']]
|[[Jharkhand High Court|'''Jharkhand''']]
|'''{{dts|2013|1|17|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{dts|2027|5|24|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{ayd|2013|1|17|2027|5|24|duration=on}}'''
|[[Bombay High Court|'''Bombay''']]
|-
|[[Dhiraj Singh Thakur|'''Dhiraj Singh Thakur (CJ)''']]
|[[High Court of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh|'''Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh''']]
|'''{{dts|2013|3|8|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{dts|2026|4|24|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{ayd|2013|3|8|2026|4|24|duration=on}}'''
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|'''Andhra Pradesh''']]
|-
|[[Manoj Kumar Gupta|'''Manoj Kumar Gupta (CJ)''']]
|[[Allahabad High Court|'''Allahabad''']]
|'''{{dts|2013|4|12|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{dts|2026|10|8|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{ayd|2013|4|12|2026|10|8|duration=on}}'''
|[[Uttarakhand High Court|'''Uttarakhand''']]
|-
|[[Sanjeev Sachdeva|'''Sanjeev Sachdeva (CJ)''']]
|[[Delhi High Court|'''Delhi''']]
|'''{{dts|2013|4|17|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{dts|2026|12|25|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{ayd|2013|4|17|2026|12|25|duration=on}}'''
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|'''Madhya Pradesh''']]
|-
|[[Vibhu Bakhru|'''Vibhu Bakhru (CJ)''']]
|[[Delhi High Court|'''Delhi''']]
|'''{{dts|2013|4|17|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{dts|2028|11|1|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{ayd|2013|4|17|2028|11|1|duration=on}}'''
|[[Karnataka High Court|'''Karnataka''']]
|-
|[[V. Kameswar Rao|Valluri Kameswar Rao]]
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|{{dts|2013|4|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|8|6|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2013|4|17|2027|8|6|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|Manash Ranjan Pathak
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|{{dts|2013|5|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|8|27|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2013|5|22|2027|8|27|duration=on}}
|[[Orissa High Court|Orissa]]
|-
|[[Revati Mohite Dere|'''Revati Prashant Mohite Dere (CJ)''']]
|[[Bombay High Court|'''Bombay''']]
|'''{{dts|2013|6|21|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{dts|2027|4|16|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{ayd|2013|6|21|2027|4|16|duration=on}}'''
|[[Meghalaya High Court|'''Meghalaya''']]
|-
|[[M. S. Sonak|'''Mahesh Sharadchandra Sonak (CJ)''']]
|[[Bombay High Court|'''Bombay''']]
|'''{{dts|2013|6|21|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{dts|2026|11|27|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{ayd|2013|6|21|2026|11|27|duration=on}}'''
|[[Jharkhand High Court|'''Jharkhand''']]
|-
|Ravindra Vithalrao Ghuge
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2013|6|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|7|8|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2013|6|21|2028|7|8|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Sanjay Kumar Agrawal
|[[Chhattisgarh High Court|Chhattisgarh]]
|{{dts|2013|9|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|7|14|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2013|9|16|2027|7|14|duration=on}}
|[[Chhattisgarh High Court|Chhattisgarh]]
|-
|[[P. Sam Koshy|Puthichira Sam Koshy]]
|[[Chhattisgarh High Court|Chhattisgarh]]
|{{dts|2013|9|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|4|29|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2013|9|16|2029|4|29|duration=on}}
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|-
|[[Mahesh Chandra Tripathi]]
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2013|9|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|6|20|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2013|9|27|2028|6|20|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Tapabrata Chakraborty
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2013|10|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|11|26|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2013|10|30|2028|11|26|duration=on}}
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|[[Arindam Sinha]]
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2013|10|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|9|21|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2013|10|30|2027|9|21|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Arijit Banerjee
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2013|10|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|3|6|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2013|10|30|2029|3|6|duration=on}}
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|Debangsu Basak
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2013|10|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|6|18|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2013|10|30|2028|6|18|duration=on}}
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|[[Arun Palli|'''Arun Palli (CJ)''']]
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|'''Punjab and Haryana''']]
|'''{{dts|2013|12|28|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{dts|2026|9|17|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{ayd|2013|12|28|2026|9|17|duration=on}}'''
|[[Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh High Court|'''Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh''']]
|-
|Ajey Shrikant Gadkari
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2014|1|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|6|13|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2014|1|6|2027|6|13|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Nitin Wasudeo Sambre
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2014|1|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|12|18|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2014|1|6|2029|12|18|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|Girish Sharadchandra Kulkarni
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2014|1|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|6|23|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2014|1|6|2030|6|23|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Bugess Pesi Colabawalla
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2014|1|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|12|15|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2014|1|6|2029|12|15|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|[[A. Muhamed Mustaque|'''Muhamed Mustaque Ayumantakath (CJ)''']]
|[[Kerala High Court|'''Kerala''']]
|'''{{dts|2014|1|23|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{dts|2029|5|31|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{ayd|2014|1|23|2029|5|31|duration=on}}'''
|[[Sikkim High Court|'''Sikkim''']]
|-
|[[A. K. Jayasankaran Nambiar|Ala Kunnil Jayasankaran Nambiar]]
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|{{dts|2014|1|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|1|26|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2014|1|23|2028|1|26|duration=on}}
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|-
|[[Anil K. Narendran|Anil Kolavampara Narendran]]
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|{{dts|2014|1|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|5|4|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2014|1|23|2029|5|4|duration=on}}
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|-
|Ashwani Kumar Mishra
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2014|2|3|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|11|15|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2014|2|3|2030|11|15|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Rajan Roy
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2014|2|3|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|8|14|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2014|2|3|2027|8|14|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|[[Lisa Gill]]
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2014|3|31|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|11|16|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2014|3|31|2028|11|16|duration=on}}
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
|'''[[Ashutosh Kumar|Ashutosh Kumar (CJ)]]'''
|[[Patna High Court|'''Patna''']]
|'''{{dts|2014|5|15|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{dts|2028|9|30|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{ayd|2014|5|15|2028|9|30|duration=on}}'''
|[[Gauhati High Court|'''Gauhati''']]
|-
|[[Sangam Kumar Sahoo|'''Sangam Kumar Sahoo (CJ)''']]
|[[Orissa High Court|'''Orissa''']]
|'''{{dts|2014|7|2|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{dts|2026|6|4|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{ayd|2014|7|2|2026|6|4|duration=on}}'''
|[[Patna High Court|'''Patna''']]
|-
|Deepak Sibal
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2014|9|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|9|2|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2014|9|25|2029|9|2|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Sujit Narayan Prasad
|[[Jharkhand High Court|Jharkhand]]
|{{dts|2014|9|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|6|19|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2014|9|26|2029|6|19|duration=on}}
|[[Jharkhand High Court|Jharkhand]]
|-
|Rongon Mukhopadhyay
|[[Jharkhand High Court|Jharkhand]]
|{{dts|2014|9|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|12|28|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2014|9|26|2029|12|28|duration=on}}
|[[Jharkhand High Court|Jharkhand]]
|-
|[[Yashwant Verma|Yashwant Varma]]
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2014|10|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|1|5|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2014|10|13|2031|1|5|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Michael Zothankhuma
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|{{dts|2015|1|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|10|22|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2015|1|7|2027|10|22|duration=on}}
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|-
|Suman Shyam
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|{{dts|2015|1|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|6|11|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2015|1|7|2031|6|11|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|[[Anu Sivaraman]]
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|{{dts|2015|4|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|5|24|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2015|4|10|2028|5|24|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|[[Raja Vijayaraghavan V.|Raja Vijayaraghavan Valsala]]
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|{{dts|2015|4|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|5|27|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2015|4|10|2029|5|27|duration=on}}
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|-
|Sudhir Singh
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|{{dts|2015|4|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|12|10|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2015|4|15|2027|12|10|duration=on}}
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|-
|[[Meenakshi Madan Rai]]
|[[Sikkim High Court|Sikkim]]
|{{dts|2015|4|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|7|11|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2015|4|15|2026|7|11|duration=on}}
|[[Sikkim High Court|Sikkim]]
|-
|Krushna Ram Mohapatra
|[[Orissa High Court|Orissa]]
|{{dts|2015|4|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|4|17|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2015|4|17|2027|4|17|duration=on}}
|[[Orissa High Court|Orissa]]
|-
|Makarand Subhash Karnik
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2016|3|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|2|9|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2016|3|17|2031|2|9|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Alpesh Yeshwant Kogje
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|{{dts|2016|4|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|7|15|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2016|4|6|2031|7|15|duration=on}}
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|-
|Arvindsingh Ishwarsingh Supehia
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|{{dts|2016|4|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|8|30|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2016|4|6|2031|8|30|duration=on}}
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|-
|[[Atul Sreedharan]]
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2016|4|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|5|24|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2016|4|7|2028|5|24|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|[[S. A. Dharmadhikari|'''Sushrut Arvind Dharmadhikari (CJ)''']]
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|'''Madhya Pradesh''']]
|'''{{dts|2016|4|7|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{dts|2028|7|7|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{ayd|2016|4|7|2028|7|7|duration=on}}'''
|[[Madras High Court|'''Madras''']]
|-
|Vivek Rusia
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2016|4|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|8|1|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2016|4|7|2031|8|1|duration=on}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|Anand Pathak
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2016|4|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|7|17|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2016|4|7|2030|7|17|duration=on}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|[[Vivek Agarwal (judge)|Vivek Agarwal]]
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2016|4|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|6|27|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2016|4|7|2029|6|27|duration=on}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|Ananda Sen
|[[Jharkhand High Court|Jharkhand]]
|{{dts|2016|4|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|8|14|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2016|4|8|2031|8|14|duration=on}}
|[[Jharkhand High Court|Jharkhand]]
|-
|Vivek Singh Thakur
|[[Himachal Pradesh High Court|Himachal Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2016|4|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|4|16|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2016|4|12|2028|4|16|duration=on}}
|[[Himachal Pradesh High Court|Himachal Pradesh]]
|-
|Ajay Mohan Goel
|[[Himachal Pradesh High Court|Himachal Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2016|4|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|1|10|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2016|4|12|2031|1|10|duration=on}}
|[[Himachal Pradesh High Court|Himachal Pradesh]]
|-
|Sandeep Sharma
|[[Himachal Pradesh High Court|Himachal Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2016|4|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|7|19|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2016|4|12|2030|7|19|duration=on}}
|[[Himachal Pradesh High Court|Himachal Pradesh]]
|-
|Sanjay Agrawal
|[[Chhattisgarh High Court|Chhattisgarh]]
|{{dts|2016|9|29|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|8|20|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2016|9|29|2026|8|20|duration=on}}
|[[Chhattisgarh High Court|Chhattisgarh]]
|-
|Rajesh Shankar
|[[Jharkhand High Court|Jharkhand]]
|{{dts|2016|9|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|12|15|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2016|9|30|2032|12|15|duration=on}}
|[[Jharkhand High Court|Jharkhand]]
|-
|[[M. Sundar|'''M. Sundar (CJ)''']]
|[[Madras High Court|'''Madras''']]
|'''{{dts|2016|10|5|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{dts|2028|7|18|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{ayd|2016|10|5|2028|7|18|duration=on}}'''
|[[Manipur High Court|'''Manipur''']]
|-
|R. Suresh Kumar
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2016|10|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|5|28|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2016|10|5|2026|5|28|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|J. Nisha Banu
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2016|10|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|9|17|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2016|10|5|2028|9|17|duration=on}}
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|-
|S. M. Subramaniam
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2016|10|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|5|30|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2016|10|5|2027|5|30|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|Dr. Anita Sumanth
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2016|10|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|4|14|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2016|10|5|2032|4|14|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|P. Velmurugan
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2016|10|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|6|8|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2016|10|5|2027|6|8|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|Dr. G. Jayachandran
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2016|10|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|3|31|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2016|10|5|2027|3|31|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|C. V. Karthikeyan
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2016|10|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|12|13|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2016|10|5|2026|12|13|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|[[Sathish Ninan]]
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|{{dts|2016|10|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|3|31|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2016|10|5|2030|3|31|duration=on}}
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|-
|[[Devan Ramachandran]]
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|{{dts|2016|10|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|3|18|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2016|10|5|2030|3|18|duration=on}}
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|-
|Vijay Kumar Shukla
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2016|10|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|6|27|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2016|10|13|2026|6|27|duration=on}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|Gurpal Singh Ahluwalia
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2016|10|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|2|19|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2016|10|13|2028|2|19|duration=on}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|Subodh Abhyankar
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2016|10|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|1|2|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2016|10|13|2031|1|2|duration=on}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|Kalyan Rai Surana
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|{{dts|2016|11|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|12|12|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2016|11|15|2027|12|12|duration=on}}
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|-
|Nelson Sailo
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|{{dts|2016|11|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|10|8|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2016|11|15|2030|10|8|duration=on}}
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|-
|Siddhartha Varma
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2016|11|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|9|18|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2016|11|15|2029|9|18|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Sangeeta Chandra
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2016|11|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|4|22|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2016|11|15|2030|4|22|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|N. Sathish Kumar
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2016|11|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|5|5|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2016|11|16|2029|5|5|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|'''Sanjeev Prakash Sharma (ACJ)'''
|[[Rajasthan High Court|'''Rajasthan''']]
|'''{{dts|2016|11|16|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{dts|2026|9|26|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{ayd|2016|11|16|2026|9|26|duration=on}}'''
|[[Rajasthan High Court|'''Rajasthan''']]
|-
|Dr. Pushpendra Singh Bhati
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|{{dts|2016|11|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|9|20|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2016|11|16|2032|9|20|duration=on}}
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|-
|Dinesh Mehta
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|{{dts|2016|11|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|1|27|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2016|11|16|2030|1|27|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|Vinit Kumar Mathur
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|{{dts|2016|11|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|3|30|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2016|11|16|2032|3|30|duration=on}}
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|-
|Vivek Chaudhary
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2017|2|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|5|12|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|2|20|2028|5|12|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|Saumitra Dayal Singh
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2017|2|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|12|19|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|2|20|2031|12|19|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|[[Prathiba M. Singh]]
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|{{dts|2017|5|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|7|19|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|5|15|2030|7|19|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|Navin Chawla
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|{{dts|2017|5|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|8|6|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|5|15|2031|8|6|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|C. Hari Shankar
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|{{dts|2017|5|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|5|3|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|5|15|2030|5|3|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|Inderjeet Singh
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|{{dts|2017|5|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|7|24|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|5|16|2027|7|24|duration=on}}
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|-
|[[Manoj Kumar Tiwari]]
|[[Uttarakhand High Court|Uttarakhand]]
|{{dts|2017|5|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|9|18|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|5|19|2027|9|18|duration=on}}
|[[Uttarakhand High Court|Uttarakhand]]
|-
|Anil Kumar Choudhary
|[[Jharkhand High Court|Jharkhand]]
|{{dts|2017|5|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|6|17|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|5|20|2027|6|17|duration=on}}
|[[Jharkhand High Court|Jharkhand]]
|-
|Rajeev Ranjan Prasad
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|{{dts|2017|5|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|9|4|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|5|22|2028|9|4|duration=on}}
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|-
|Madhuresh Prasad
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|{{dts|2017|5|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|10|1|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|5|22|2030|10|1|duration=on}}
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|Mohit Kumar Shah
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|{{dts|2017|5|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|4|25|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|5|22|2031|4|25|duration=on}}
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|-
|Bhaskar Raj Pradhan
|[[Sikkim High Court|Sikkim]]
|{{dts|2017|5|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|10|18|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|5|23|2028|10|18|duration=on}}
|[[Sikkim High Court|Sikkim]]
|-
|Bharati Harish Dangre
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2017|6|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|5|9|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|6|5|2030|5|9|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Sarang Vijaykumar Kotwal
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2017|6|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|4|12|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|6|5|2030|4|12|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Riyaz Iqbal Chagla
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2017|6|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|10|21|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|6|5|2031|10|31|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Manish Pitale
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2017|6|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|9|10|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|6|5|2032|9|10|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Vibha Vasant Kankanwadi
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2017|6|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|6|23|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|6|5|2026|6|23|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Sanjeev Kumar
|[[High Court of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh|Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh]]
|{{dts|2017|6|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|4|7|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|6|6|2028|4|7|duration=on}}
|[[High Court of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh|Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh]]
|-
|A. D. Jagadish Chandira
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2017|6|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|6|28|2028|2|14|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|[[G. R. Swaminathan]]
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2017|6|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|5|31|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|6|28|2030|5|31|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|Abdul Quddhose
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2017|6|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|9|7|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|6|28|2031|9|7|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|M. Dhandapani
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2017|6|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|4|14|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|6|28|2030|4|14|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|Pondicherry Daivasigamani Audikesavalu
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2017|6|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|12|29|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|6|28|2032|12|29|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|Gurvinder Singh Gill
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2017|6|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|5|11|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|6|28|2026|5|11|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Anil Kshetarpal
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2017|7|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|11|18|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|7|10|2026|11|18|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|Avneesh Jhingan
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2017|7|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|1|28|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|7|10|2031|1|28|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|Mahabir Singh Sindhu
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2017|7|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|4|3|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|7|10|2029|4|3|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Rajasekhar Mantha
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2017|9|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|10|28|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|9|21|2029|10|28|duration=on}}
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|Sabyasachi Bhattacharyya
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2017|9|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|8|29|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|9|21|2032|8|29|duration=on}}
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|Moushumi Bhattacharya
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2017|9|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|10|26|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|9|21|2029|10|26|duration=on}}
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|-
|Shekhar B. Saraf
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2017|9|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|10|20|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|9|21|2033|10|20|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Rajarshi Bharadwaj
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2017|9|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|8|3|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|9|21|2029|8|3|duration=on}}
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|[[T. Amarnath Goud|Todupunuri Amarnath Goud]]
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|{{dts|2017|9|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|2|28|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|9|21|2027|2|28|duration=on}}
|[[Tripura High Court|Tripura]]
|-
|Salil Kumar Rai
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2017|9|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|8|7|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|9|22|2027|8|7|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Jayant Banerji
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2017|9|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|1|16|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|9|22|2027|1|16|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|Rajesh Singh Chauhan
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2017|9|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|7|17|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|9|22|2028|7|17|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Irshad Ali
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2017|9|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|12|11|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|9|22|2026|12|11|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Saral Srivastava
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2017|9|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|10|28|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|9|22|2026|10|28|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Jahangir Jamshed Munir
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2017|9|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|8|22|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|9|22|2029|8|22|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Rajiv Gupta
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2017|9|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|10|21|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|9|22|2028|10|21|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Siddharth
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2017|9|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|4|14|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|9|22|2027|4|14|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Ajit Kumar
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2017|9|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|12|21|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|9|22|2030|12|21|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Rajnish Kumar
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2017|9|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|8|9|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|9|22|2031|8|9|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|[[Abdul Moin]]
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2017|9|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|10|31|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|9|22|2030|10|31|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Dinesh Kumar Singh
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2017|9|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|8|17|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|9|22|2028|8|17|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|Rajeev Misra
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2017|9|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|1|19|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|9|22|2031|1|19|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Vivek Kumar Singh
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2017|9|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|3|24|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|9|22|2030|3|24|duration=on}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|[[Chandra Dhari Singh]]
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2017|9|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|7|11|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|9|22|2031|7|11|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Ajay Bhanot
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2017|9|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|8|3|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|9|22|2031|8|3|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Neeraj Tiwari
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2017|9|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|7|8|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2017|9|22|2026|7|8|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Rajesh Kumar
|[[Jharkhand High Court|Jharkhand]]
|{{dts|2018|1|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|10|25|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|1|6|2030|10|25|duration=on}}
|[[Jharkhand High Court|Jharkhand]]
|-
|Anubha Rawat Choudhary
|[[Jharkhand High Court|Jharkhand]]
|{{dts|2018|1|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|6|24|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|1|6|2032|6|24|duration=on}}
|[[Jharkhand High Court|Jharkhand]]
|-
|Dixit Krishna Shripad
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|{{dts|2018|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|7|19|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|2|14|2026|7|19|duration=on}}
|[[Orissa High Court|Orissa]]
|-
|Shankar Ganapathi Pandit
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|{{dts|2018|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|11|15|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|2|14|2027|11|15|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|Ramakrishna Devdas
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|{{dts|2018|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|5|14|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|2|14|2031|5|14|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|Bhotanhosur Mallikarjuna Shyam Prasad
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|{{dts|2018|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|1|7|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|2|14|2033|1|7|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|Siddappa Sunil Dutt Yadav
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|{{dts|2018|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|8|2|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|2|14|2034|8|2|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|Shampa Sarkar
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2018|3|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|2|17|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|3|12|2030|2|17|duration=on}}
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|Ravi Krishan Kapur
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2018|3|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|10|4|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|3|12|2033|10|4|duration=on}}
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|Arindam Mukherjee
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2018|3|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|9|29|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|3|12|2030|9|29|duration=on}}
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|Amrita Sinha
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2018|5|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|12|24|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|5|2|2031|12|24|duration=on}}
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|Jay Sen Gupta
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2018|5|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|10|29|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|5|2|2032|10|29|duration=on}}
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|Mohammad Nawaz
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|{{dts|2018|6|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|5|21|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|6|2|2027|5|21|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|Harekoppa Thimmanna Gowda Narendra Prasad
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|{{dts|2018|6|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|5|31|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|6|2|2028|5|31|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|P. T. Asha
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2018|6|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|8|21|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|6|4|2028|8|21|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|N. Nirmal Kumar
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2018|6|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|11|22|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|6|4|2027|11|22|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|Subramonium Prasad
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2018|6|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|6|21|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|6|4|2029|6|21|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|N. Anand Venkatesh
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2018|6|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|7|3|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|6|4|2031|7|3|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|G. K. Ilanthiraiyan
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2018|6|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|7|8|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|6|4|2032|7|8|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|Krishnan Ramasmy
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2018|6|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|6|2|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|6|4|2030|6|2|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|C. Saravanan
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2018|6|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|11|30|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|6|4|2033|11|30|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|Parth Prateem Sahu
|[[Chhattisgarh High Court|Chhattisgarh]]
|{{dts|2018|6|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|4|18|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|6|18|2033|4|18|duration=on}}
|[[Chhattisgarh High Court|Chhattisgarh]]
|-
|Rajani Dubey
|[[Chhattisgarh High Court|Chhattisgarh]]
|{{dts|2018|6|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|6|29|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|6|18|2026|6|29|duration=on}}
|[[Chhattisgarh High Court|Chhattisgarh]]
|-
|Sindhu Sharma
|[[High Court of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh|Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh]]
|{{dts|2018|8|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|10|9|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|8|7|2034|10|9|duration=on}}
|[[High Court of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh|Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh]]
|-
|Shriram Madhusudan Modak
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2018|10|11|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|11|12|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|10|11|2027|11|12|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Jamadar Nijamoddin Jahiroddin
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2018|10|11|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|9|21|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|10|11|2034|9|21|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Bibek Chowdhury
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2018|10|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|10|31|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|10|12|2026|10|31|duration=on}}
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|-
|Jyoti Singh
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|{{dts|2018|10|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|9|30|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|10|22|2028|9|30|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|Prateek Jalan
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|{{dts|2018|10|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|4|3|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|10|22|2032|4|3|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|Anup Jairam Bhambhani
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|{{dts|2018|10|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|12|4|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|10|22|2027|12|4|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|Sanjeev Narula
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|{{dts|2018|10|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|8|23|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|10|22|2032|8|23|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|Harsimran Singh Sethi
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2018|10|29|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|10|21|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|10|29|2029|10|21|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Arun Monga
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2018|10|29|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|12|20|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|10|29|2030|12|20|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|Manoj Bajaj
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2018|10|29|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|6|22|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|10|29|2028|6|22|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Hethur Puttaswamygowda Sandesh
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|{{dts|2018|11|3|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|12|1|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|11|3|2026|12|1|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|Krishnan Natarajan
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|{{dts|2018|11|3|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|11|4|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|11|3|2026|11|4|duration=on}}
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|-
|[[N. Nagaresh]]
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|{{dts|2018|11|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|3|31|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|11|5|2026|3|31|duration=on}}
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|-
|Suvra Ghosh
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2018|11|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|4|22|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|11|19|2030|4|22|duration=on}}
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|Sanjay Kumar Medhi
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|{{dts|2018|11|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|3|6|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|11|19|2033|3|6|duration=on}}
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|-
|Nani Tagia
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|{{dts|2018|11|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|5|15|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|11|19|2031|5|15|duration=on}}
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|-
|[[Hamarsan Singh Thangkhiew]]
|[[Meghalaya High Court|Meghalaya]]
|{{dts|2018|11|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|12|23|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|11|19|2028|12|23|duration=on}}
|[[Meghalaya High Court|Meghalaya]]
|-
|Manoj Kumar Ohri
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|{{dts|2018|11|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|11|11|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|11|20|2031|11|11|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|B. Pugalendhi
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2018|11|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|5|24|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|11|20|2029|5|24|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|Prakash Padia
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2018|11|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|3|9|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|11|22|2027|3|9|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Alok Mathur
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2018|11|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|11|15|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|11|22|2026|11|15|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Pankaj Bhatia
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2018|11|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|9|14|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|11|22|2028|9|14|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Saurabh Lavania
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2018|11|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|4|16|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|11|22|2028|4|16|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Vivek Varma
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2018|11|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|12|28|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|11|22|2031|12|28|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Sanjay Kumar Singh
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2018|11|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|1|20|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|11|22|2031|1|20|duration=on}}
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|-
|Piyush Agrawal
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2018|11|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|11|5|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|11|22|2033|11|5|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Saurabh Shyam Shamsherry
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2018|11|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|2|3|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|11|22|2031|2|3|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Jaspreet Singh
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2018|11|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|8|28|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|11|22|2033|8|28|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Rajiv Singh
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2018|11|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|4|2|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|11|22|2030|4|2|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Manju Rani Chauhan
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2018|11|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|8|28|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|11|22|2028|8|28|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Karunesh Singh Pawar
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2018|11|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|5|18|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|11|22|2033|5|18|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Dr Yogendra Kumar Srivastava
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2018|11|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|12|29|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|11|22|2027|12|29|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Manish Mathur
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2018|11|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|6|8|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|11|22|2034|6|8|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Rohit Ranjan Agarwal
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2018|11|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|7|4|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|11|22|2033|7|4|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Rajbeer Singh
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2018|11|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|12|5|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|11|22|2026|12|5|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|[[Ravindra Maithani]]
|[[Uttarakhand High Court|Uttarakhand]]
|{{dts|2018|12|3|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|6|24|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2018|12|3|2027|6|24|duration=on}}
|[[Uttarakhand High Court|Uttarakhand]]
|-
|Manish Choudhury
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|{{dts|2019|1|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|2|28|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|1|18|2034|2|28|duration=on}}
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|-
|Tirthankar Ghosh
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2019|2|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|9|28|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|2|12|2030|9|28|duration=on}}
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|Hiranmay Bhattacharyya
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2019|2|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|12|17|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|2|12|2030|12|17|duration=on}}
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|Saugata Bhattacharyya
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2019|2|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|7|26|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|2|12|2034|7|26|duration=on}}
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|Sanjay Kumar Dwivedi
|[[Jharkhand High Court|Jharkhand]]
|{{dts|2019|2|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|11|2|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|2|18|2027|11|2|duration=on}}
|[[Jharkhand High Court|Jharkhand]]
|-
|Deepak Roshan
|[[Jharkhand High Court|Jharkhand]]
|{{dts|2019|2|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|12|11|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|2|18|2029|12|11|duration=on}}
|[[Jharkhand High Court|Jharkhand]]
|-
|Senthilkumar Ramamoorthy
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2019|2|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|10|1|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|2|22|2028|10|1|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|Bhargav Dhirenbhai Karia
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|{{dts|2019|3|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|12|22|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|3|5|2027|12|22|duration=on}}
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|-
|Sangeeta Kamalsingh Vishen
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|{{dts|2019|3|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|12|29|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|3|5|2031|12|29|duration=on}}
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|-
|Anil Kumar Sinha
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|{{dts|2019|4|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|6|18|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|4|17|2027|6|18|duration=on}}
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|-
|Prabhat Kumar Singh
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|{{dts|2019|4|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|1|1|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|4|17|2029|1|1|duration=on}}
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|-
|Partha Sarthy
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|{{dts|2019|4|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|10|21|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|4|17|2031|10|21|duration=on}}
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|-
|[[Vishal Dhagat]]
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2019|5|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|12|13|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|5|27|2031|12|13|duration=on}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|Vishal Mishra
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2019|5|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|7|16|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|5|27|2036|7|16|duration=on}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|Alok Kumar Verma
|[[Uttarakhand High Court|Uttarakhand]]
|{{dts|2019|5|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|8|15|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|5|27|2026|8|15|duration=on}}
|[[Uttarakhand High Court|Uttarakhand]]
|-
|Anoop Chitkara
|[[Himachal Pradesh High Court|Himachal Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2019|5|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|4|28|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|5|30|2028|4|28|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Jyotsna Rewal Dua
|[[Himachal Pradesh High Court|Himachal Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2019|5|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|5|24|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|5|30|2031|5|24|duration=on}}
|[[Himachal Pradesh High Court|Himachal Pradesh]]
|-
|Cheekati Manavendranath Roy
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2019|6|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|5|20|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|6|20|2026|5|20|duration=on}}
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
|Nitin Bhagawantrao Suryawanshi
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2019|8|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|5|29|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|8|23|2028|5|29|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Anil Satyavijay Kilor
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2019|8|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|9|2|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|8|23|2028|9|2|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Milind Narendra Jadhav
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2019|8|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|8|13|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|8|23|2031|8|13|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Tadakamalla Vinod Kumar
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|{{dts|2019|8|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|11|16|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|8|26|2026|11|16|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|Annireddy Abhishek Reddy
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|{{dts|2019|8|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|11|6|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|8|26|2029|11|6|duration=on}}
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|-
|Kunuru Lakshman
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|{{dts|2019|8|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|6|7|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|8|26|2028|6|7|duration=on}}
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|-
|Singapuram Raghavachar Krishna Kumar
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|{{dts|2019|9|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|5|6|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|9|23|2032|5|6|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|Ashok Subhashchandra Kinagi
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|{{dts|2019|9|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|12|31|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|9|23|2031|12|31|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|Suraj Govindaraj
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|{{dts|2019|9|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|5|13|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|9|23|2035|5|13|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|Sachin Shankar Magadum
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|{{dts|2019|9|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|5|4|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|9|23|2034|5|4|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|Kausik Chanda
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2019|10|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|1|3|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|10|1|2036|1|3|duration=on}}
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|Suvir Sehgal
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2019|10|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|6|6|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|10|26|2027|6|6|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Alka Sarin
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2019|10|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|6|20|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|10|26|2028|6|20|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Mahendar Kumar Goyal
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|{{dts|2019|11|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|3|22|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|11|6|2029|3|22|duration=on}}
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|-
|Bibhu Prasad Routray
|[[Orissa High Court|Orissa]]
|{{dts|2019|11|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|1|31|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|11|8|2032|1|31|duration=on}}
|[[Orissa High Court|Orissa]]
|-
|Neranahalli Srinivasan Sanjay Gowda
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|{{dts|2019|11|11|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|11|11|2029|2|14|duration=on}}
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|-
|Jyoti Mulimani
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|{{dts|2019|11|11|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|8|14|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|11|11|2030|8|14|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|Nataraj Rangaswamy
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|{{dts|2019|11|11|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|3|13|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|11|11|2032|3|13|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|Hemant Chandangoudar
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|{{dts|2019|11|11|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|9|27|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|11|11|2031|9|27|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|Pradeep Singh Yerur
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|{{dts|2019|11|11|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|6|20|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|11|11|2032|6|20|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|Wanlura Diengdoh
|[[Meghalaya High Court|Meghalaya]]
|{{dts|2019|11|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|11|8|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|11|15|2027|11|8|duration=on}}
|[[Meghalaya High Court|Meghalaya]]
|-
|[[C. S. Dias|Conrad Stansilaus Dias]]
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|{{dts|2019|11|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|11|18|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|11|18|2031|11|18|duration=on}}
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|-
|Jasgurpreet Singh Puri
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2019|11|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|8|29|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|11|22|2027|8|29|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Maheshan Nagaprasanna
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|{{dts|2019|11|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|3|22|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|11|26|2033|3|22|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|Soumitra Saikia
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|{{dts|2019|11|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|7|24|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|11|26|2031|7|24|duration=on}}
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|-
|Parthivjyoti Saikia
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|{{dts|2019|11|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|4|17|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|11|26|2027|4|17|duration=on}}
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|-
|Archana Puri
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2019|11|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|12|12|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|11|28|2026|12|12|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Mukulika Shrikant Jawalkar
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2019|12|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|5|25|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|12|5|2026|5|25|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Nitin Rudrasen Borkar
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2019|12|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|8|1|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|12|5|2033|8|1|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Shekhar Kumar Yadav
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2019|12|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|4|15|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|12|12|2026|4|15|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Ravi Nath Tilhari
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2019|12|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|2|8|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|12|12|2031|2|8|duration=on}}
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
|Deepak Verma
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2019|12|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|3|29|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|12|12|2027|3|29|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Gautam Chowdhary
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2019|12|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|11|8|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|12|12|2026|11|8|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Shamim Ahmed
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2019|12|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|3|7|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|12|12|2028|3|7|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|Dinesh Pathak
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2019|12|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|1|6|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|12|12|2034|1|6|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Manish Kumar
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2019|12|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|9|15|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|12|12|2032|9|15|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Samit Gopal
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2019|12|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|12|29|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2019|12|12|2033|12|29|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Madhav Jayajirao Jamdar
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2020|1|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|1|12|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2020|1|7|2029|1|12|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Maralur Indrakumar Arun
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|{{dts|2020|1|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|4|23|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2020|1|7|2032|4|23|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|Engalaguppe Seetharamaiah Indiresh
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|{{dts|2020|1|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|4|15|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2020|1|7|2034|4|15|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|Ravi Venkappa Hosmani
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|{{dts|2020|1|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|7|28|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2020|1|7|2033|7|28|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|Rao Raghunandan Rao
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2020|1|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|6|29|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2020|1|13|2026|6|29|duration=on}}
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
|Battu Devanand
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2020|1|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|4|13|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2020|1|13|2028|4|13|duration=on}}
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
|Donadi Ramesh
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2020|1|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|6|26|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2020|1|13|2027|6|26|duration=on}}
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
|Ninala Jayasurya
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2020|1|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|8|26|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2020|1|13|2030|8|26|duration=on}}
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
|Amit Bhalchandra Borkar
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2020|1|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|1|1|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2020|1|14|2034|1|1|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Sanjeeb Kumar Panigrahi
|[[Orissa High Court|Orissa]]
|{{dts|2020|2|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|7|28|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2020|2|10|2034|7|28|duration=on}}
|[[Orissa High Court|Orissa]]
|-
|[[P. V. Kunhikrishnan|Pulleri Vadhyarillath Kunhikrishnan]]
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|{{dts|2020|2|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|5|21|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2020|2|13|2029|5|21|duration=on}}
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|-
|Ilesh Jashvantrai Vora
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|{{dts|2020|3|3|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|8|17|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2020|3|3|2027|8|17|duration=on}}
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|-
|Gita Gopi
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|{{dts|2020|3|3|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|3|23|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2020|3|3|2028|3|23|duration=on}}
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|-
|Abhay Ahuja
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2020|3|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|8|23|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2020|3|4|2031|8|23|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|[[T. R. Ravi|Thirumuppath Raghavan Ravi]]
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|{{dts|2020|3|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|3|1|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2020|3|6|2027|3|1|duration=on}}
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|-
|[[Bechu Kurian Thomas]]
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|{{dts|2020|3|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|12|4|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2020|3|6|2030|12|4|duration=on}}
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|-
|[[Gopinath P|Gopinath Puzhankara]]
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|{{dts|2020|3|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|11|12|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2020|3|6|2034|11|12|duration=on}}
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|-
|Ahanthem Bimol Singh
|[[Manipur High Court|Manipur]]
|{{dts|2020|3|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|1|31|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2020|3|18|2028|1|31|duration=on}}
|[[Manipur High Court|Manipur]]
|-
|Rajnesh Oswal
|[[High Court of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh|Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh]]
|{{dts|2020|4|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|6|16|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2020|4|2|2035|6|16|duration=on}}
|[[High Court of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh|Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh]]
|-
|Sanjay Dhar
|[[High Court of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh|Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh]]
|{{dts|2020|4|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|5|10|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2020|4|7|2027|5|10|duration=on}}
|[[High Court of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh|Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh]]
|-
|Savanur Vishwajith Shetty
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|{{dts|2020|4|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|5|18|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2020|4|28|2029|5|18|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|Bollampally Vijaysen Reddy
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|{{dts|2020|5|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|8|21|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2020|5|2|2032|8|21|duration=on}}
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|-
|Bopuddi Krishna Mohan
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2020|5|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|2|4|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2020|5|2|2027|2|4|duration=on}}
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
|Kanchireddy Suresh Reddy
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2020|5|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|12|6|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2020|5|2|2026|12|6|duration=on}}
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
|[[Lalitha Kanneganti|Kanneganti Lalithakumari]]
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2020|5|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|5|4|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2020|5|2|2033|5|4|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|Shivashankar Amarannavar
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|{{dts|2020|5|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|7|19|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2020|5|4|2032|7|19|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|Vedavyasachar Srishananda
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|{{dts|2020|5|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|3|28|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2020|5|4|2028|3|28|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|Hanchate Sanjeev Kumar
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|{{dts|2020|5|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|5|12|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2020|5|4|2033|5|12|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|Aniruddha Roy
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2020|5|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|10|14|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2020|5|5|2031|10|14|duration=on}}
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|Savitri Ratho
|[[Orissa High Court|Orissa]]
|{{dts|2020|6|11|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|7|3|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2020|6|11|2030|7|3|duration=on}}
|[[Orissa High Court|Orissa]]
|-
|Rajesh Kumar Bhardwaj
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2020|9|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|1|9|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2020|9|14|2028|1|9|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Sanjay Kumar Pachori
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2020|9|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|2|28|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2020|9|16|2027|2|28|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Subhash Chandra Sharma
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2020|9|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|10|3|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2020|9|16|2026|10|3|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Vaibhavi Devang Nanavati
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|{{dts|2020|10|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|11|14|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2020|10|4|2032|11|14|duration=on}}
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|-
|Nirzarkumar Sushilkumar Desai
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|{{dts|2020|10|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|6|14|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2020|10|4|2035|6|14|duration=on}}
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|-
|Nikhil Shreedharan Kariel
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|{{dts|2020|10|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|5|9|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2020|10|4|2036|5|9|duration=on}}
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|-
|Murali Shankar Kuppuraju
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2020|12|3|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|5|30|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2020|12|3|2030|5|30|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|Thamilselvi T. Valayapalayam
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2020|12|3|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|6|18|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2020|12|3|2030|6|18|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|Jasmeet Singh
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|{{dts|2021|2|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|2|25|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|2|24|2030|2|25|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|Amit Bansal
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|{{dts|2021|2|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|2|7|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|2|24|2031|2|7|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|[[Murali Purushothaman]]
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|{{dts|2021|2|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|7|30|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|2|25|2029|7|30|duration=on}}
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|-
|[[Ziyad Rahman A. A|Ziyad Rahman Alevakkatt Abdul Rahiman]]
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|{{dts|2021|2|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|5|11|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|2|25|2034|5|11|duration=on}}
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|-
|[[Karunakaran Babu]]
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|{{dts|2021|2|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|5|7|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|2|25|2026|5|7|duration=on}}
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|-
|[[Kauser Edappagath]]
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|{{dts|2021|2|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|5|24|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|2|25|2030|5|24|duration=on}}
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|-
|Mohammed Ghouse Shukure Kamal
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|{{dts|2021|3|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|6|29|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|3|17|2033|6|29|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|[[Narendra Kumar Vyas]]
|[[Chhattisgarh High Court|Chhattisgarh]]
|{{dts|2021|3|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|10|4|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|3|22|2032|10|4|duration=on}}
|[[Chhattisgarh High Court|Chhattisgarh]]
|-
|Naresh Kumar Chandravanshi
|[[Chhattisgarh High Court|Chhattisgarh]]
|{{dts|2021|3|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|11|5|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|3|22|2027|11|5|duration=on}}
|[[Chhattisgarh High Court|Chhattisgarh]]
|-
|Vikas Bahl
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2021|5|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|9|24|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|5|25|2035|9|24|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Robin Phukan
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|{{dts|2021|6|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|2|28|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|6|21|2028|2|28|duration=on}}
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|-
|[[A. Badharudeen|Abdul Rahim Musaliar Badharudeen]]
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|{{dts|2021|6|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|5|28|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|6|25|2030|5|28|duration=on}}
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|-
|Rajesh Narayandas Laddha
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2021|6|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|4|26|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|6|25|2026|4|26|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Shivkumar Ganpatrao Dige
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2021|6|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|8|2|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|6|25|2033|8|2|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|[[Viju Abraham]]
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|{{dts|2021|8|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|9|10|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|8|13|2034|9|10|duration=on}}
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|-
|[[Mohammed Nias C. P|Mohammed Nias Chovvakkaran Puthiyapurayil]]
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|{{dts|2021|8|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|4|15|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|8|13|2032|4|15|duration=on}}
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|-
|Pranay Verma
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2021|8|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|12|11|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|8|27|2035|12|11|duration=on}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|Sugato Majumdar
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2021|8|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|12|24|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|8|27|2029|12|24|duration=on}}
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|Bivas Pattanayak
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2021|8|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|11|22|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|8|27|2032|11|22|duration=on}}
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|Purushaindra Kumar Kaurav
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2021|10|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2038|10|3|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|8|2038|10|3|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|[[Basant Balaji]]
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|{{dts|2021|10|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|5|27|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|8|2034|5|27|duration=on}}
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|-
|Sanjay Prasad
|[[Jharkhand High Court|Jharkhand]]
|{{dts|2021|10|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|1|16|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|8|2027|1|16|duration=on}}
|[[Jharkhand High Court|Jharkhand]]
|-
|Devashis Baruah
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|{{dts|2021|10|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|2|21|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|13|2035|2|21|duration=on}}
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|-
|Chandra Kumar Rai
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2021|10|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|10|14|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|13|2027|10|14|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Krishan Pahal
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2021|10|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|6|22|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|13|2030|6|22|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Sameer Jain
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2021|10|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|2|25|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|13|2030|2|25|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Ashutosh Srivastava
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2021|10|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|12|2|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|13|2026|12|2|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Subhash Vidyarthi
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2021|10|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|4|29|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|13|2032|4|29|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Brij Raj Singh
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2021|10|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|8|6|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|13|2032|8|6|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Shree Prakash Singh
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2021|10|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|02|7|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|13|2036|02|7|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Vikas Budhwar
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2021|10|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|6|27|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|13|2035|6|27|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Perugu Sree Sudha
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|{{dts|2021|10|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|6|5|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|15|2029|6|5|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|Chillakur Sumalatha
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|{{dts|2021|10|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|12|4|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|15|2034|12|4|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|Munnuri Laxman
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|{{dts|2021|10|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|12|23|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|15|2027|12|23|duration=on}}
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|-
|Noonsavath Tukaramji
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|{{dts|2021|10|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|1|23|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|15|2035|1|23|duration=on}}
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|-
|Patlolla Madhavi Devi
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|{{dts|2021|10|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|12|27|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|15|2027|12|27|duration=on}}
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|-
|Farjand Ali
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|{{dts|2021|10|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|12|14|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|18|2030|12|14|duration=on}}
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|-
|Sudesh Bansal
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|{{dts|2021|10|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|5|4|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|18|2034|5|4|duration=on}}
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|-
|Anoop Kumar Dhand
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|{{dts|2021|10|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|3|16|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|18|2035|3|16|duration=on}}
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|-
|Vinod Kumar Bharwani
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|{{dts|2021|10|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|7|8|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|18|2028|7|8|duration=on}}
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|-
|Samir Jyotindraprasad Dave
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|{{dts|2021|10|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|7|27|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|18|2029|7|27|duration=on}}
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|-
|Hemant Maheshchandra Prachchhak
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|{{dts|2021|10|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|6|3|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|18|2027|6|3|duration=on}}
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|-
|Sandeep Natvarlal Bhatt
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|{{dts|2021|10|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|9|15|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|18|2029|9|15|duration=on}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|Aniruddha Pradyumna Mayee
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|{{dts|2021|10|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|7|1|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|18|2032|7|1|duration=on}}
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|-
|[[Niral Mehta|Niral Rashmikant Mehta]]
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|{{dts|2021|10|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2038|10|27|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|18|2038|10|27|duration=on}}
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|-
|Nisha Mahendrabhai Thakore
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|{{dts|2021|10|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|12|2|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|18|2037|12|2|duration=on}}
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|-
|Mruganka Sekhar Sahoo
|[[Orissa High Court|Orissa]]
|{{dts|2021|10|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|9|6|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|19|2033|9|6|duration=on}}
|[[Orissa High Court|Orissa]]
|-
|Radha Krishna Pattanaik
|[[Orissa High Court|Orissa]]
|{{dts|2021|10|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|10|24|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|19|2032|10|24|duration=on}}
|[[Orissa High Court|Orissa]]
|-
|Sashikanta Mishra
|[[Orissa High Court|Orissa]]
|{{dts|2021|10|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|1|16|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|19|2029|1|16|duration=on}}
|[[Orissa High Court|Orissa]]
|-
|Sundaram Srimathy
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2021|10|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|1|9|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|20|2029|1|9|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|D. Bharatha Chakravarthy
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2021|10|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|7|23|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|20|2033|7|23|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|R. Vijayakumar
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2021|10|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|12|21|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|20|2032|12|21|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|Mohammed Shaffiq
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2021|10|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|3|5|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|20|2034|3|5|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|[[C. Jayachandran|Chandrasekharan Kartha Jayachandran]]
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|{{dts|2021|10|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|5|27|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|20|2034|5|27|duration=on}}
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|-
|[[C.S. Sudha|Chandrasekharan Sudha]]
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|{{dts|2021|10|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|10|8|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|20|2026|10|8|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|Sandeep Kumar
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|{{dts|2021|10|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|1|19|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|20|2029|1|19|duration=on}}
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|-
|Purnendu Singh
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|{{dts|2021|10|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|2|3|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|20|2029|2|3|duration=on}}
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|-
|Satyavrat Verma
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|{{dts|2021|10|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|12|5|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|20|2030|12|5|duration=on}}
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|-
|Rajesh Kumar Verma
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|{{dts|2021|10|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|12|11|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|20|2031|12|11|duration=on}}
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|-
|Anil Laxman Pansare
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2021|10|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|11|13|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|21|2027|11|13|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Sandipkumar Chandrabhan More
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2021|10|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|4|6|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|21|2028|4|6|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Vikram D Chauhan
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2021|10|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|9|22|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|27|2036|9|22|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Uma Shanker Vyas
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|{{dts|2021|10|29|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|6|15|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|29|2028|6|15|duration=on}}
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|-
|Vikas Suri
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2021|10|29|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|9|4|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|29|2030|9|4|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Sandeep Moudgil
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2021|10|29|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|3|16|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|29|2033|3|16|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Vinod Sharma (Bhardwaj)
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2021|10|29|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|5|22|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|29|2036|5|22|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Pankaj Jain
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2021|10|29|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|6|17|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|29|2036|6|17|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Jasjit Singh Bedi
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2021|10|29|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|7|5|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|29|2036|7|5|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Rekha Borana
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|{{dts|2021|10|29|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|12|1|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|29|2035|12|1|duration=on}}
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|-
|Sameer Jain
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|{{dts|2021|10|29|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|3|4|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|10|29|2036|3|4|duration=on}}
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|-
|Arun Dev Choudhury
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|{{dts|2021|11|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|10|28|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|11|5|2033|10|28|duration=on}}
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|-
|Aditya Kumar Mohapatra
|[[Orissa High Court|Orissa]]
|{{dts|2021|11|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|2|25|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|11|5|2031|2|25|duration=on}}
|[[Orissa High Court|Orissa]]
|-
|Anant Ramanath Hegde
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|{{dts|2021|11|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|3|6|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|11|8|2033|3|6|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|Siddaiah Rachaiah
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|{{dts|2021|11|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|5|31|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|11|8|2029|5|31|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|Kannakuzhyil Sreedharan Hemalekha
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|{{dts|2021|11|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|3|27|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|11|8|2037|3|27|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|Mohd. Akram Chowdhary
|[[Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh High Court|Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh]]
|{{dts|2021|11|9|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|6|9|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|11|9|2027|6|9|duration=on}}
|[[Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh High Court|Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh]]
|-
|Krishna Rao
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2021|11|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|3|2|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|11|18|2028|3|2|duration=on}}
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2021|11|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|1|7|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|11|18|2027|1|7|duration=on}}
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|Kumbhajadala Manmadha Rao
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2021|12|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|6|12|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|12|8|2028|6|12|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|Boddupalli Sri Bhanumathi
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2021|12|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|8|30|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2021|12|8|2030|8|30|duration=on}}
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
|Konakanti Sreenivasa Reddy
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2022|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|6|2|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|2|14|2028|6|2|duration=on}}
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
|Gannamaneni Ramakrishna Prasad
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2022|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|5|27|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|2|14|2026|5|27|duration=on}}
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
|Venkateswarlu Nimmagadda
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2022|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|6|30|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|2|14|2029|6|30|duration=on}}
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
|Tarlada Rajasekhar Rao
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2022|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|8|2|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|2|14|2029|8|2|duration=on}}
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
|Satti Subba Reddy
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2022|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|2|4|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|2|14|2032|2|4|duration=on}}
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
|Ravi Cheemalapati
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2022|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|12|3|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|2|14|2029|12|3|duration=on}}
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
|Vaddiboyana Sujatha
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2022|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|9|9|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|2|14|2028|9|9|duration=on}}
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
|V. Narasingh
|[[Orissa High Court|Orissa]]
|{{dts|2022|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|1|18|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|2|14|2029|1|18|duration=on}}
|[[Orissa High Court|Orissa]]
|-
|Biraja Prasanna Satapathy
|[[Orissa High Court|Orissa]]
|{{dts|2022|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|8|19|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|2|14|2028|8|19|duration=on}}
|[[Orissa High Court|Orissa]]
|-
|Murahari Sri Raman
|[[Orissa High Court|Orissa]]
|{{dts|2022|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|6|7|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|2|14|2032|6|7|duration=on}}
|[[Orissa High Court|Orissa]]
|-
|Maninder Singh Bhatti
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2022|2|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|11|2|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|2|15|2030|11|2|duration=on}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|Dwarka Dhish Bansal
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2022|2|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|2|16|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|2|15|2030|2|16|duration=on}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|Milind Ramesh Phadke
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2022|2|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|11|5|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|2|15|2033|11|5|duration=on}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|Neena Bansal Krishna
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|{{dts|2022|2|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|6|17|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|2|28|2027|6|17|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|Dinesh Kumar Sharma
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|{{dts|2022|2|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|9|20|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|2|28|2027|9|20|duration=on}}
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|Mummineni Sudheer Kumar
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|{{dts|2022|3|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|5|19|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|3|24|2031|5|19|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|Kasoju Surendhar
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|{{dts|2022|3|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|1|10|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|3|24|2030|1|10|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|Surepalli Nanda
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|{{dts|2022|3|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|4|3|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|3|24|2031|4|3|duration=on}}
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|-
|Juvvadi Sridevi
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|{{dts|2022|3|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|8|9|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|3|24|2034|8|9|duration=on}}
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|-
|Natcharaju Shravan Kumar Venkat
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|{{dts|2022|3|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|8|17|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|3|24|2029|8|17|duration=on}}
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|-
|Gunnu Anupama Chakravarthy
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|{{dts|2022|3|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|3|20|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|3|24|2032|3|20|duration=on}}
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|-
|Swarana Kanta Sharma
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|{{dts|2022|3|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|8|4|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|3|28|2030|8|4|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|Rahul Bharti
|[[Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh High Court|Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh]]
|{{dts|2022|3|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|7|30|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|3|28|2029|7|30|duration=on}}
|[[Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh High Court|Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh]]
|-
|Moksha Khajuria Kazmi
|[[Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh High Court|Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh]]
|{{dts|2022|3|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|12|31|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|3|28|2034|12|31|duration=on}}
|[[Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh High Court|Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh]]
|-
|Nidumolu Mala
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2022|3|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|4|23|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|3|28|2029|4|23|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|S. Sounthar
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2022|3|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|7|28|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|3|28|2033|7|28|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|Rajiv Roy
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|{{dts|2022|3|29|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|10|31|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|3|29|2027|10|31|duration=on}}
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|-
|Harish Kumar
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|{{dts|2022|3|29|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|1|9|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|3|29|2037|1|9|duration=on}}
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|-
|Sachin Singh Rajput
|[[Chhattisgarh High Court|Chhattisgarh]]
|{{dts|2022|5|16|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Chhattisgarh High Court|Chhattisgarh]]
|-
|Tara Vitasta Ganju
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|{{dts|2022|5|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|8|11|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|5|18|2033|8|11|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|Mini Pushkarna
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|{{dts|2022|5|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|11|30|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|5|18|2033|11|30|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|Vikas Mahajan
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|{{dts|2022|5|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|8|7|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|5|18|2031|8|7|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|Tushar Rao Gedela
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|{{dts|2022|5|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|7|17|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|5|18|2029|7|17|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|Manmeet Pritam Singh Arora
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|{{dts|2022|5|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|2|13|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|5|18|2036|2|13|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|Sachin Datta
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|{{dts|2022|5|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|8|14|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|5|18|2035|8|14|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|Amit Mahajan
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|{{dts|2022|5|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|4|19|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|5|18|2036|4|19|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|Gaurang Kanth
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|{{dts|2022|5|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|8|19|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|5|18|2037|1|9|duration=on}}
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|Saurabh Banerjee
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|{{dts|2022|5|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2038|1|19|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|5|18|2038|1|19|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|[[Shoba Annamma Eapen]]
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|{{dts|2022|5|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|1|18|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|5|18|2029|1|18|duration=on}}
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|-
|Ananya Bandyopadhyay
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2022|5|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|3|2|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|5|18|2032|3|2|duration=on}}
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|Rai Chattopadhyay
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2022|5|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|11|1|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|5|18|2033|11|1|duration=on}}
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|Subhendu Samanta
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2022|5|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|11|24|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|5|18|2033|11|24|duration=on}}
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
|Anish Dayal
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|{{dts|2022|6|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|3|14|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|6|2|2035|3|14|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|Amit Sharma
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|{{dts|2022|6|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|7|6|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|6|2|2034|7|6|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|Wasim Sadiq Nargal
|[[Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh High Court|Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh]]
|{{dts|2022|6|3|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|7|30|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|6|3|2030|7|30|duration=on}}
|[[Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh High Court|Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh]]
|-
|Shailendra Singh
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|{{dts|2022|6|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|6|3|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|6|4|2034|6|3|duration=on}}
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|-
|Arun Kumar Jha
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|{{dts|2022|6|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|10|16|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|6|4|2033|10|16|duration=on}}
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|-
|Jitendra Kumar
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|{{dts|2022|6|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|11|1|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|6|4|2031|11|1|duration=on}}
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|-
|Alok Kumar Pandey
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|{{dts|2022|6|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|8|31|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|6|4|2033|8|31|duration=on}}
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|-
|Sunil Dutta Mishra
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|{{dts|2022|6|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|12|19|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|6|4|2029|12|19|duration=on}}
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|-
|Chandra Shekhar Jha
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|{{dts|2022|6|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|12|31|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|6|4|2030|12|31|duration=on}}
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|-
|Khatim Reza
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|{{dts|2022|6|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|12|4|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|6|5|2028|12|4|duration=on}}
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|-
|Anshuman
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|{{dts|2022|6|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|6|10|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|6|5|2031|6|10|duration=on}}
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|-
|Shampa Dutt (Paul)
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2022|6|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|10|27|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|6|6|2026|10|27|duration=on}}
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|Sunder Mohan
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2022|6|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|11|1|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|6|6|2031|11|1|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|Kabali Kumaresh Babu
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2022|6|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|12|13|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|6|6|2031|12|13|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|Kuldeep Mathur
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|{{dts|2022|6|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|12|9|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|6|6|2032|12|9|duration=on}}
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|-
|Shubha Mehta
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|{{dts|2022|6|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|7|4|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|6|6|2028|7|4|duration=on}}
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|-
|Urmila Sachin Joshi-Phalke
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2022|6|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|4|14|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|6|6|2030|4|14|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Pradeep Kumar Srivastava
|[[Jharkhand High Court|Jharkhand]]
|{{dts|2022|6|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|12|31|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|6|7|2027|12|31|duration=on}}
|[[Jharkhand High Court|Jharkhand]]
|-
|Raja Basu Chowdhury
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2022|6|9|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|10|19|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|6|9|2032|10|19|duration=on}}
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|Lapita Banerji
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2022|6|9|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|6|22|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|6|9|2035|6|22|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Sanjay Kumar Mishra
|[[Orissa High Court|Orissa]]
|{{dts|2022|6|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|11|13|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|6|10|2029|11|13|duration=on}}
|[[Orissa High Court|Orissa]]
|-
|Cheppudira Monappa Poonacha
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|{{dts|2022|6|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|4|5|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|6|13|2033|4|5|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|Kishore Chandrakant Sant
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2022|7|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|10|6|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|7|19|2029|10|6|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Valmiki SA Menezes
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2022|7|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|7|28|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|7|19|2029|7|28|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Kamal Rashmi Khata
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2022|7|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|11|25|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|7|19|2031|11|25|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Sharmila Uttamrao Deshmukh
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2022|7|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|2|27|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|7|19|2030|2|27|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Arun Ramnath Pedneker
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2022|7|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|6|23|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|7|19|2033|6|23|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Sandeep Vishnupant Marne
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2022|7|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|12|8|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|7|19|2035|12|8|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Gauri Vinod Godse
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2022|7|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|10|7|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|7|19|2034|10|7|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Rajesh Shantaram Patil
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2022|7|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|7|20|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|7|19|2031|7|20|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Arif Saleh Doctor
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2022|7|19|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|7|16|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|7|19|2034|7|16|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Rajesh Sekhri
|[[Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh High Court|Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh]]
|{{dts|2022|7|29|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|9|25|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|7|29|2027|9|25|duration=on}}
|[[Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh High Court|Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh]]
|-
|Rakesh Mohan Pandey
|[[Chhattisgarh High Court|Chhattisgarh]]
|{{dts|2022|8|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|1|29|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|8|2|2032|1|29|duration=on}}
|[[Chhattisgarh High Court|Chhattisgarh]]
|-
|Radhakishan Agrawal
|[[Chhattisgarh High Court|Chhattisgarh]]
|{{dts|2022|8|2|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Chhattisgarh High Court|Chhattisgarh]]
|-
|Saurabh Srivastava
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2022|8|3|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|7|29|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|8|3|2037|7|29|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Om Prakash Shukla
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2022|8|3|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2039|4|19|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|8|3|2039|4|19|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|Srinivas Vutukuru
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2022|8|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|4|17|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|8|4|2026|4|17|duration=on}}
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
|Boppana Varaha Lakshmi Narasimha Chakravarthi
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2022|8|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|8|14|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|8|4|2026|8|14|duration=on}}
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
|Chada Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|{{dts|2022|8|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|6|27|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|8|4|2030|6|27|duration=on}}
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|-
|Gourishankar Satapathy
|[[Orissa High Court|Orissa]]
|{{dts|2022|8|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|4|24|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|8|13|2034|4|24|duration=on}}
|[[Orissa High Court|Orissa]]
|-
|Chittaranjan Dash
|[[Orissa High Court|Orissa]]
|{{dts|2022|8|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|11|11|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|8|13|2026|11|11|duration=on}}
|[[Orissa High Court|Orissa]]
|-
|Ram Manohar Narayan Mishra
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2022|8|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|11|5|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|8|15|2026|11|5|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|E. V. Venugopal
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|8|15|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|8|16|2029|8|15|duration=on}}
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|-
|Nagesh Bheemapaka
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|3|7|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|8|16|2031|3|7|duration=on}}
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|-
|P. Elamadar
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|6|3|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|8|16|2029|6|3|duration=on}}
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|-
|K. Sharath
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|1|28|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|8|16|2033|1|28|duration=on}}
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|-
|J. Srinivas Rao
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|8|30|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|8|16|2031|8|30|duration=on}}
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|-
|Namavarapu Rajeshwar Rao
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|6|29|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|8|16|2031|6|29|duration=on}}
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|-
|Sushil Kukreja
|[[Himachal Pradesh High Court|Himachal Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|4|13|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|8|16|2029|4|13|duration=on}}
|[[Himachal Pradesh High Court|Himachal Pradesh]]
|-
|Virender Singh
|[[Himachal Pradesh High Court|Himachal Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|11|13|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|8|16|2028|11|13|duration=on}}
|[[Himachal Pradesh High Court|Himachal Pradesh]]
|-
|Susmita Phukan Khaund
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|11|21|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|8|16|2026|11|21|duration=on}}
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|-
|Mitali Thakuria
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|12|31|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|8|16|2026|12|31|duration=on}}
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|-
|Gurusiddaiah Basavaraja
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|5|2|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|8|16|2027|5|2|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|Nidhi Gupta
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|7|27|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|8|16|2028|7|27|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Sanjay Vashisth
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|9|27|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|8|16|2030|9|27|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Tribhuvan Dahiya
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|1|22|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|8|16|2030|1|22|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Namit Kumar
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|4|3|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|8|16|2029|4|3|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Harkesh Manuja
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|4|19|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|8|16|2034|4|19|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Aman Chaudhary
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|12|17|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|8|16|2034|12|17|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Naresh Singh
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|6|20|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|8|16|2036|6|20|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Harsh Bunger
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|12|14|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|8|16|2033|12|14|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Jagmohan Bansal
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|11|6|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|8|16|2036|11|6|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Deepak Manchanda
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|1|12|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|8|16|2037|1|12|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Alok Jain
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2022|8|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|1|25|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|8|16|2037|1|25|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Biswaroop Chowdhury
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2022|8|31|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|Partha Sarathi Sen
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2022|8|31|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|7|2|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|8|31|2031|7|2|duration=on}}
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|Prasenjit Biswas
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2022|8|31|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|Uday Kumar
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2022|8|31|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|Ajay Kumar Gupta
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2022|8|31|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|Supratim Bhattacharya
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2022|8|31|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|Partha Sarathi Chatterjee
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2022|8|31|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|Apurba Sinha Ray
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2022|8|31|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|11|24|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|8|31|2026|11|24|duration=on}}
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|Md. Shabbar Rashidi
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2022|8|31|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|Sanjay Anandrao Deshmukh
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2022|10|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|5|11|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|10|7|2029|5|11|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Yanshivraj Gopichand Khobragade
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2022|10|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|5|8|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|10|7|2028|5|8|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Mahendra Wadhumal Chandwani
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2022|10|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|5|23|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|10|7|2033|5|23|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Abhay Sopanrao Waghwase
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2022|10|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|12|9|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|10|7|2028|12|9|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Ravindra Madhusudan Joshi
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2022|10|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|9|28|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|10|7|2029|9|28|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Vrushali Vijay Joshi
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2022|10|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|12|5|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|10|7|2026|12|5|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Kuldeep Tiwari
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2022|11|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2039|5|14|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|11|2|2039|5|14|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Deepak Gupta
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2022|11|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|11|19|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|11|2|2027|11|19|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Amarjot Bhatti
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2022|11|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|9|21|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|11|2|2027|9|21|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Manisha Batra
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2022|11|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|9|21|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|11|2|2028|9|21|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Harpreet Kaur Jeewan
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2022|11|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|6|3|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|11|2|2028|6|3|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Sukhvinder Kaur
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2022|11|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|12|28|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|11|2|2026|12|28|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Sanjiv Berry
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2022|11|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|11|27|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|11|2|2026|11|27|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Vikram Aggarwal
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2022|11|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|8|11|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|11|2|2033|8|11|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Santosh Govindrao Chapalgaonkar
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2022|11|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|3|3|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|11|30|2035|3|3|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Milind Manohar Sathaye
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2022|11|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|9|5|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2022|11|30|2036|9|5|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Ganesh Ram Meena
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|{{dts|2023|1|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|3|24|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|1|16|2028|3|24|duration=on}}
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|-
|Anil Kumar Upman
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|{{dts|2023|1|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|9|17|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|1|16|2033|9|17|duration=on}}
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|-
|Nupur Bhati
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|{{dts|2023|1|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|2|11|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|1|16|2033|2|11|duration=on}}
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|-
|Ashok Kumar Jain
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|{{dts|2023|1|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|10|22|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|1|16|2029|10|22|duration=on}}
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|-
|Yogendra Kumar Purohit
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|{{dts|2023|1|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|10|28|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|1|16|2027|10|28|duration=on}}
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|-
|Bhuwan Goyal
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|{{dts|2023|1|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|3|25|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|1|16|2027|3|25|duration=on}}
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|-
|Praveer Bhatnagar
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|{{dts|2023|1|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|10|10|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|1|16|2027|10|10|duration=on}}
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|-
|Ashutosh Kumar
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|{{dts|2023|1|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|12|24|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|1|16|2029|12|24|duration=on}}
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|-
|Venkatesh Naik Thavaryanaik
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|{{dts|2023|1|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|5|31|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|1|24|2037|5|31|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|Venkata Jyothirmai Pratapa
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2023|1|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|7|31|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|1|27|2034|7|31|duration=on}}
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
|Venuthurumalli Gopala Krishna Rao
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2023|1|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|8|29|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|1|27|2026|8|29|duration=on}}
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
|Neela Kedar Gokhale
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2023|1|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|5|2|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|1|30|2031|5|2|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Aribam Guneshwar Sharma
|[[Manipur High Court|Manipur]]
|{{dts|2023|2|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|2|28|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|2|6|2029|2|28|duration=on}}
|[[Manipur High Court|Manipur]]
|-
|Syed Qamar Hasan Rizvi
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2023|2|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|11|18|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|2|7|2029|11|18|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Manish Kumar Nigam
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2023|2|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|6|14|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|2|7|2029|6|14|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Anish Kumar Gupta
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2023|2|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|1|2|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|2|7|2036|1|2|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Nand Prabha Shukla
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2023|2|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|6|29|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|2|7|2035|6|29|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Kshitij Shailendra
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2023|2|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|7|13|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|2|7|2037|7|13|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Vinod Diwakar
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2023|2|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2038|9|14|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|2|7|2038|9|14|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Lekshmana Chandra Victoria Gowri
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2023|2|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|5|20|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|2|7|2035|5|20|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|Pillaipakkam Bahukutumbi Balaji
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2023|2|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|4|10|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|2|7|2035|4|10|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|Kandhasami Kulandaivelu Ramakrishnan
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2023|2|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|5|26|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|2|7|2035|5|26|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|Ramachandran Kalaimathi
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2023|2|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|4|17|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|2|7|2030|4|17|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|K. Govindarajan Thilakavadi
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2023|2|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|4|25|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|2|7|2028|4|25|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|Vijaykumar Adagouda Patil
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|{{dts|2023|2|9|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|10|13|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|2|9|2037|10|13|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|Rajesh Rai Kallangala
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|{{dts|2023|2|9|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|5|31|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|2|9|2036|5|31|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|Prashant Kumar
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2023|2|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|5|29|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|2|27|2029|5|29|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Manjive Shukla
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2023|2|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|11|7|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|2|27|2033|11|7|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Arun Kumar Singh Deshwal
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2023|2|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|7|6|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|2|27|2035|7|6|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Venkatachari Lakshminarayanan
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2023|2|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|10|3|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|2|27|2032|10|3|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|Kardak Ete
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|{{dts|2023|3|13|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|4|7|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|3|13|2037|4|7|duration=on}}
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|-
|Susan Valentine Pinto
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|{{dts|2023|3|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|5|13|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|3|17|2029|5|13|duration=on}}
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|-
|Hasmukhbhai Dalsukhbhai Suthar
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|{{dts|2023|3|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|1|22|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|3|17|2032|1|22|duration=on}}
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|-
|Jitendra Champaklal Doshi
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|{{dts|2023|3|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|6|29|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|3|17|2031|6|29|duration=on}}
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|-
|Mangesh Rameshchandra Mengdey
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|{{dts|2023|3|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|10|4|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|3|17|2034|10|4|duration=on}}
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|-
|Divyeshkumar Amrutlal Joshi
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|{{dts|2023|3|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|11|24|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|3|17|2036|11|24|duration=on}}
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|-
|Periyasamy Vadamalai
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2023|3|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|4|2|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|3|27|2028|4|2|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|Devan Mahendrabhai Desai
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|{{dts|2023|4|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|5|30|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|4|5|2032|5|30|duration=on}}
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|-
|Moxa Kiran Thakker
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|{{dts|2023|4|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2039|11|5|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|4|5|2039|11|5|duration=on}}
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|-
|Harpreet Singh Brar
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2023|4|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|12|19|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|4|10|2037|12|19|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Mridul Kumar Kalita
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|{{dts|2023|4|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|7|1|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|4|20|2030|7|1|duration=on}}
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|-
|Rakesh Thapliyal
|[[Uttarakhand High Court|Uttarakhand]]
|{{dts|2023|4|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|11|14|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|4|28|2027|11|14|duration=on}}
|[[Uttarakhand High Court|Uttarakhand]]
|-
|Pankaj Purohit
|[[Uttarakhand High Court|Uttarakhand]]
|{{dts|2023|4|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|7|27|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|4|28|2030|7|27|duration=on}}
|[[Uttarakhand High Court|Uttarakhand]]
|-
|Girish Kathpalia
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|{{dts|2023|5|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|12|31|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|5|1|2026|12|31|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|Manoj Jain
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|{{dts|2023|5|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|12|27|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|5|1|2026|12|27|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|Anuradha Shukla
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2023|5|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|6|12|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|5|1|2029|6|12|duration=on}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|Sanjeev Sudhakar Kalgaonkar
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2023|5|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|2|22|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|5|1|2032|2|22|duration=on}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|Hirdesh
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2023|5|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|5|27|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|5|1|2026|5|27|duration=on}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|Avanindra Kumar Singh
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2023|5|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|9|17|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|5|1|2026|9|17|duration=on}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|Sanjay Kumar Jaiswal
|[[Chhattisgarh High Court|Chhattisgarh]]
|{{dts|2023|5|1|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Chhattisgarh High Court|Chhattisgarh]]
|-
|Ramasamy Sakthivel
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2023|5|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|7|20|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|5|23|2035|7|20|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|P. Dhanabal
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2023|5|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|3|4|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|5|23|2036|3|4|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|Chinnasamy Kumarappan
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2023|5|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|7|14|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|5|23|2034|7|14|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|Kandasamy Rajasekar
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2023|5|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|4|28|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|5|23|2037|4|28|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|Shailesh Pramod Brahme
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2023|6|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|2|13|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|6|15|2033|2|13|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Firdosh Phiroze Pooniwalla
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2023|6|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|3|3|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|6|15|2032|3|3|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Jitendra Shantilal Jain
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2023|6|15|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|2|26|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|6|15|2032|2|26|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Ranjan Sharma
|[[Himachal Pradesh High Court|Himachal Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2023|7|31|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|8|20|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|7|31|2030|8|20|duration=on}}
|[[Himachal Pradesh High Court|Himachal Pradesh]]
|-
|Bipin Chander Negi
|[[Himachal Pradesh High Court|Himachal Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2023|7|31|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|7|19|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|7|31|2030|7|19|duration=on}}
|[[Himachal Pradesh High Court|Himachal Pradesh]]
|-
|Rakesh Kainthla
|[[Himachal Pradesh High Court|Himachal Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2023|7|31|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|5|22|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|7|31|2030|5|22|duration=on}}
|[[Himachal Pradesh High Court|Himachal Pradesh]]
|-
|Laxmi Narayana Alishetty
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|{{dts|2023|7|31|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|5|12|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|7|31|2030|5|12|duration=on}}
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|-
|Anil Kumar Jukanti
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|{{dts|2023|7|31|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|12|27|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|7|31|2033|12|27|duration=on}}
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|-
|Sujana Kalasikam
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|{{dts|2023|7|31|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|3|9|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|7|31|2032|3|9|duration=on}}
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|-
|Biswadeep Bhattacharjee
|[[Meghalaya High Court|Meghalaya]]
|{{dts|2023|8|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|3|25|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|8|1|2030|3|25|duration=on}}
|[[Meghalaya High Court|Meghalaya]]
|-
|Manjusha Ajay Deshpande
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2023|8|11|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Sibo Sankar Mishra
|[[Orissa High Court|Orissa]]
|{{dts|2023|9|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|5|2|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|9|5|2030|5|2|duration=on}}
|[[Orissa High Court|Orissa]]
|-
|Ananda Chandra Behera
|[[Orissa High Court|Orissa]]
|{{dts|2023|9|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|5|22|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|9|5|2026|5|22|duration=on}}
|[[Orissa High Court|Orissa]]
|-
|Budi Habung
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|{{dts|2023|9|12|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|4|5|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|9|12|2031|4|5|duration=on}}
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|-
|N. SenthilKumar
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2023|10|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|10|11|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|10|16|2032|10|11|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|G. Arul Murugan
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2023|10|16|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2038|5|26|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|10|16|2038|5|26|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|Vimal Kanaiyalal Vyas
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|{{dts|2023|10|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|12|24|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|10|20|2028|12|24|duration=on}}
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|-
|Ravinder Dudeja
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|{{dts|2023|10|20|format=dmy}}
||{{dts|2028|5|16|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|10|20|2028|5|16|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|Ravindra Kumar Agrawal
|[[Chhattisgarh High Court|Chhattisgarh]]
|{{dts|2023|10|20|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|7|30|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|10|20|2030|7|30|duration=on}}
|[[Chhattisgarh High Court|Chhattisgarh]]
|-
|Harinath Nunepally
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2023|10|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|1|11|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|10|21|2034|1|11|duration=on}}
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
|Kiranmayee Mandava
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2023|10|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|7|29|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|10|21|2032|7|29|duration=on}}
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
|Sumathi Jagadam
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2023|10|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|6|27|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|10|21|2033|6|27|duration=on}}
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
|Nyapathy Vijay
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2023|10|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|8|7|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|10|21|2036|8|7|duration=on}}
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
|Abhay Jainarayanji Mantri
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2023|10|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|1|15|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|10|21|2031|1|15|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Shyam Chhaganlal Chandak
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2023|10|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|12|9|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|10|21|2032|12|9|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Neeraj Pradeep Dhote
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2023|10|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|7|27|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|10|21|2032|7|27|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|[[Johnson John]]
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|{{dts|2023|10|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|4|28|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|10|25|2027|4|28|duration=on}}
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|-
|[[G. Girish|Gopinathan Unnithan Girish]]
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|{{dts|2023|10|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|5|16|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|10|25|2029|5|16|duration=on}}
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|-
|Chellappan Nadar Pratheep Kumar
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|{{dts|2023|10|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|5|27|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|10|25|2026|5|27|duration=on}}
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|-
|Kurubarahalli Venkataramareddy Aravind
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|{{dts|2023|10|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2039|7|11|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|10|25|2039|7|11|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|Sabyasachi Datta Purkayastha
|[[Tripura High Court|Tripura]]
|{{dts|2023|10|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|2|11|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|10|26|2032|2|11|duration=on}}
|[[Tripura High Court|Tripura]]
|-
|Biswajit Palit
|[[Tripura High Court|Tripura]]
|{{dts|2023|10|26|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|5|4|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|10|26|2031|5|4|duration=on}}
|[[Tripura High Court|Tripura]]
|-
|Rudra Prakash Mishra
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|{{dts|2023|11|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|11|4|2034|2|14|duration=on}}
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|-
|Ramesh Chand Malviya
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|{{dts|2023|11|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|6|30|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|11|4|2027|6|30|duration=on}}
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|-
|Vinay Saraf
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2023|11|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|6|14|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|11|6|2031|6|14|duration=on}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|Vivek Jain
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2023|11|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|12|29|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|11|6|2037|12|29|duration=on}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|Rajendra Kumar Vani
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2023|11|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|8|17|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|11|6|2027|8|17|duration=on}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|Pramod Kumar Agarwal
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2023|11|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|11|8|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|11|6|2026|11|8|duration=on}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|Binod Kumar Dwivedi
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2023|11|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|6|14|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|11|6|2026|6|14|duration=on}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|Devnarayan Mishra
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2023|11|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|4|30|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|11|6|2029|4|30|duration=on}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|Gajendra Singh
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2023|11|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|1|14|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|11|6|2028|1|14|duration=on}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|Sumeet Goel
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2023|11|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|11|22|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|11|6|2034|11|22|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Sudeepti Sharma
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2023|11|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|3|6|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|11|6|2031|3|6|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Kirti Singh
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2023|11|6|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|8|29|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|11|6|2035|8|29|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|N. Unni Krishnan Nair
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|{{dts|2023|11|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|7|27|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|11|10|2033|7|27|duration=on}}
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|-
|Kaushik Goswami
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|{{dts|2023|11|10|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|-
|Somasekhar Sundaresan
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2023|11|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|12|22|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2023|11|28|2034|12|22|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Arvind Kumar Verma
|[[Chhattisgarh High Court|Chhattisgarh]]
|{{dts|2024|1|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|4|7|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2024|1|23|2026|4|7|duration=on}}
|[[Chhattisgarh High Court|Chhattisgarh]]
|-
|Pranav Shailesh Trivedi
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|{{dts|2024|1|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|11|1|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2024|1|24|2037|11|1|duration=on}}
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|-
|Arun Kumar Rai
|[[Jharkhand High Court|Jharkhand]]
|{{dts|2024|2|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|1|25|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2024|2|5|2032|1|25|duration=on}}
|[[Jharkhand High Court|Jharkhand]]
|-
|Mullappally Abdul Aziz Abdul Hakhim
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|{{dts|2024|3|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|5|7|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2024|3|22|2031|5|7|duration=on}}
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|-
|Syam Kumar Vadakke Mudavakkat
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|{{dts|2024|3|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|12|31|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2024|3|22|2034|12|31|duration=on}}
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|-
|Harisankar Vijayan Menon
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|{{dts|2024|3|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|4|3|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2024|3|22|2036|4|3|duration=on}}
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|-
|Manu Sreedharan Nair
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|{{dts|2024|3|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|5|26|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2024|3|22|2036|5|26|duration=on}}
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|-
|Easwaran Subramani
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|{{dts|2024|3|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|9|29|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2024|3|22|2036|9|29|duration=on}}
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|-
|Manoj Pulamby Madhavan
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|{{dts|2024|3|22|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|5|3|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2024|3|22|2034|5|3|duration=on}}
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|-
|Mohd. Yousuf Wani
|[[Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh High Court|Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh]]
|{{dts|2024|3|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|4|23|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2024|3|25|2028|4|23|duration=on}}
|[[Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh High Court|Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh]]
|-
|Marakkaparambil Bhargavan Snehalatha
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|{{dts|2024|4|25|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|5|30|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2024|4|25|2026|5|30|duration=on}}
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|-
|Bibhu Datta Guru
|[[Chhattisgarh High Court|Chhattisgarh]]
|{{dts|2024|8|13|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Chhattisgarh High Court|Chhattisgarh]]
|-
|Amitendra Kishore Prasad
|[[Chhattisgarh High Court|Chhattisgarh]]
|{{dts|2024|8|13|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Chhattisgarh High Court|Chhattisgarh]]
|-
|R. Poornima
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2024|9|24|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|M. Jothiraman
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2024|9|24|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|Augustine Devadoss
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2024|9|24|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|-
|Shashi Bhushan Prasad Singh
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|{{dts|2024|10|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|1|15|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2024|10|4|2027|1|15|duration=on}}
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|-
|Ashok Kumar Pandey
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|{{dts|2024|10|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|9|16|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2024|10|4|2028|9|16|duration=on}}
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|-
| Sanjeev Jayendra Thaker
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|{{dts|2024|10|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|8|26|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2024|10|10|2031|8|26|duration=on}}
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|-
|Deeptendra Narayan Ray
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|{{dts|2024|10|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|11|12|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2024|10|10|2033|11|12|duration=on}}
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|-
|Maulik Jitendra Shelat
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|{{dts|2024|10|10|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2038|6|3|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2024|10|10|2038|6|3|duration=on}}
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|-
|Nivedita Prakash Mehta
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2024|10|25|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Prafulla Surendrakumar Khubalkar
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2024|10|25|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Ashwin Damodar Bhobe
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2024|10|25|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Rohit Wasudeo Joshi
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2024|10|25|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Advait Mahendra Sethna
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2024|10|25|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Maheswara Rao Kuncheam alias Kuncham
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2024|10|28|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
|Thoota Chandra Dhana Sekar alias TCD Sekar
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2024|10|28|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
|Challa Gunaranjan
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2024|10|28|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
|Parameswara Panicker Krishna Kumar
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|{{dts|2024|10|30|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|-
|Kodassery Veliyath Madom Jayakumar
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|{{dts|2024|10|30|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|-
|Muralee Krishna Shankaramoole
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|{{dts|2024|10|30|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|-
|Jobin Sebastian
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|{{dts|2024|10|30|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|-
|Pandikkaran Varadaraja Iyer Balakrishnan
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|{{dts|2024|10|30|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|-
|Ajay Digpaul
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|{{dts|2025|1|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|9|1|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|1|8|2030|9|1|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|Harish Vaidyanathan Shankar
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|{{dts|2025|1|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|2|17|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|1|8|2036|2|17|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|Ashish Naithani
|[[Uttarakhand High Court|Uttarakhand]]
|{{dts|2025|1|9|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|6|3|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|1|9|2026|6|3|duration=on}}
|[[Uttarakhand High Court|Uttarakhand]]
|-
|Avadhanam Hari Haranadha Sarma
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2025|1|24|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
|Yadavalli Lakshmana Rao
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2025|1|24|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
|Tirumala Devi Eada
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|{{dts|2025|1|25|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|-
|Renuka Yara
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|{{dts|2025|1|25|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|-
|Narsing Rao Nandikonda
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|{{dts|2025|1|25|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|-
|Madhusudhan Rao Bobbili Ramaiah
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|{{dts|2025|1|25|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|-
|Praveen Kumar Giri
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2025|1|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|1|19|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|1|27|2037|1|19|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Chandra Shekhar Sharma
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|{{dts|2025|1|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|7|2|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|1|27|2029|7|2|duration=on}}
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|-
|Pramil Kumar Mathur
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|{{dts|2025|1|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|2|2|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|1|27|2028|2|2|duration=on}}
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|-
|Chandra Prakash Shrimali
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|{{dts|2025|1|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|8|1|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|1|27|2027|8|1|duration=on}}
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|-
|Pravin Sheshrao Patil
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2025|1|27|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Alok Mahra
|[[Uttarakhand High Court|Uttarakhand]]
|{{dts|2025|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|1|31|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|2|14|2034|1|31|duration=on}}
|[[Uttarakhand High Court|Uttarakhand]]
|-
|Tejas Dhirenbhai Karia
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|{{dts|2025|2|14|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2040|1|31|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|2|14|2040|1|31|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|Chaitali Chatterjee (Das)
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2025|2|14|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|Harmeet Singh Grewal
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2025|2|17|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Deepinder Singh Nalwa
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2025|2|17|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Taj Ali Moulasab Nadaf
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|{{dts|2025|2|17|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|-
|Ashish Shroti
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2025|2|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2038|11|15|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|2|17|2038|11|15|duration=on}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|Yarenjungla Longkumer
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|{{dts|2025|2|17|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|-
|Maneesh Sharma
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|{{dts|2025|2|17|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|2|5|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|2|17|2033|2|5|duration=on}}
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|-
|Renu Bhatnagar
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|{{dts|2025|2|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|8|26|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|2|21|2029|8|26|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|Rajneesh Kumar Gupta
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|{{dts|2025|2|21|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|5|20|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|2|21|2028|5|20|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|Alok Kumar Sinha
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|{{dts|2025|3|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|9|7|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|3|8|2032|9|7|duration=on}}
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|-
|Sourendra Pandey
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|{{dts|2025|3|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|12|10|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|3|8|2032|12|10|duration=on}}
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|-
|Soni Shrivastava
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|{{dts|2025|3|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|8|11|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|3|8|2036|8|11|duration=on}}
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|-
|Smita Das De
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2025|3|11|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|Reetobroto Kumar Mitra
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2025|3|11|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|Om Narayan Rai
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2025|3|11|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|-
|Anand Sharma
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|{{dts|2025|3|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|8|3|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|3|28|2033|8|3|duration=on}}
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|-
|Sunil Beniwal
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|{{dts|2025|3|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|5|31|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|3|28|2036|5|31|duration=on}}
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|-
|Mukesh Rajpurohit
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|{{dts|2025|3|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|5|14|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|3|28|2036|5|14|duration=on}}
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|-
|Sandeep Shah
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|{{dts|2025|3|28|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2038|8|14|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|3|28|2038|8|14|duration=on}}
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|-
|Jitendra Kumar sinha
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2025|4|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|5|27|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|4|18|2031|5|27|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Anil Kumar-X
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2025|4|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|4|20|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|4|18|2033|4|20|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Sandeep Jain
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2025|4|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|11|28|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|4|18|2027|11|28|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Avnish Saxena
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2025|4|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|2|7|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|4|18|2033|2|7|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Madan Pal Singh
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2025|4|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|1|1|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|4|18|2033|1|1|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Harvir Singh
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2025|4|18|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2029|3|12|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|4|18|2029|3|12|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Sanjay Parihar
|[[Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh High Court|Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh]]
|{{dts|2025|5|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|12|18|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|5|1|2030|12|18|duration=on}}
|[[Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh High Court|Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh]]
|-
|Shahzad Azeem
|[[Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh High Court|Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh]]
|{{dts|2025|5|1|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|4|26|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|5|1|2037|4|26|duration=on}}
|[[Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh High Court|Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh]]
|-
|Liyakathussain Shamsuddin Pirzada
|[[Gujarat High Court |Gujarat]]
|{{dts|2025|5|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|4|24|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|5|5|2030|4|24|duration=on}}
|[[Gujarat High Court |Gujarat]]
|-
|Ramchandra Thakurdas Vachhani
|[[Gujarat High Court |Gujarat]]
|{{dts|2025|5|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|3|11|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|5|5|2035|3|11|duration=on}}
|[[Gujarat High Court |Gujarat]]
|-
|Jayesh Lakhanshibhai Odedra
|[[Gujarat High Court |Gujarat]]
|{{dts|2025|5|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2035|4|24|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|5|5|2035|4|24|duration=on}}
|[[Gujarat High Court |Gujarat]]
|-
|Pranav Maheshbhai Raval
|[[Gujarat High Court |Gujarat]]
|{{dts|2025|5|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|10|23|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|5|5|2031|10|23|duration=on}}
|[[Gujarat High Court |Gujarat]]
|-
|Mool Chand Tyagi
|[[Gujarat High Court |Gujarat]]
|{{dts|2025|5|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2032|10|14|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|5|5|2032|10|14|duration=on}}
|[[Gujarat High Court |Gujarat]]
|-
|Dipak Mansukhlal Vyas
|[[Gujarat High Court |Gujarat]]
|{{dts|2025|5|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2026|6|4|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|5|5|2026|6|4|duration=on}}
|[[Gujarat High Court |Gujarat]]
|-
|Utkarsh Thakorbhai Desai
|[[Gujarat High Court |Gujarat]]
|{{dts|2025|5|5|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2031|1|26|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|5|5|2031|1|26|duration=on}}
|[[Gujarat High Court |Gujarat]]
|-
|Shamima Jahan
|[[Gauhati High Court |Gauhati]]
|{{dts|2025|5|28|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Gauhati High Court |Gauhati]]
|-
|Rohit Kapoor
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court |Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2025|5|28|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court |Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Deepak Khot
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court |Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2025|5|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|3|7|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|5|30|2037|3|7|duration=on}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court |Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|Amit Seth
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court |Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2025|5|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|3|14|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|5|30|2037|3|14|duration=on}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court |Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|Pavan Kumar Dwivedi
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court |Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2025|5|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|7|23|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|5|30|2036|7|23|duration=on}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court |Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|Subhash Upadhyaya
|[[Uttarakhand High Court |Uttarakhand]]
|{{dts|2025|5|30|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Uttarakhand High Court |Uttarakhand]]
|-
|Sachin Shivajirao Deshmukh
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2025|6|9|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Gautam Ashwin Ankhad
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2025|7|4|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Mahendra Madhavrao Nerlikar
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2025|7|4|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|-
|Sandeep Taneja
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|{{dts|2025|7|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|1|2|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|7|23|2037|1|2|duration=on}}
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|-
|Baljinder Singh Sandhu
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|{{dts|2025|7|23|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|-
|Bipin Gupta
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|{{dts|2025|7|23|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|-
|Sanjeet Purohit
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|{{dts|2025|7|23|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|-
|Ravi Chirania
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|{{dts|2025|7|23|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|-
|Anuroop Singhi
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|{{dts|2025|7|23|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|-
|Sangeeta Sharma
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|{{dts|2025|7|23|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|-
|Vinod Kumar
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|{{dts|2025|7|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|12|29|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|7|24|2027|12|29|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|Shail Jain
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|{{dts|2025|7|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|10|6|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|7|24|2028|10|6|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|Madhu Jain
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|{{dts|2025|7|24|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|11|17|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|7|24|2028|11|17|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|-
|Anjan Moni Kalita
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|{{dts|2025|7|30|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|-
|Rajesh Majumdar
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|{{dts|2025|7|30|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|-
|Pranjal Das
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|{{dts|2025|7|30|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|-
|Sanjeev Kumar Sharma
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|{{dts|2025|7|30|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|-
|Pushpendra Yadav
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2025|7|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2039|2|26|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|7|30|2039|2|26|duration=on}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|Anand Singh Bahrawat
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2025|7|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2040|7|25|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|7|30|2040|7|25|duration=on}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|Ajay Kumar Nirankari
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2025|7|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2037|10|4|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|7|30|2037|10|4|duration=on}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|Jay Kumar Pillai
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2025|7|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|8|3|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|7|30|2033|8|3|duration=on}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|Himanshu Joshi
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2025|7|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2041|4|3|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|7|30|2041|4|3|duration=on}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|Ramkumar Choubey
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2025|7|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2028|6|30|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|7|30|2028|6|30|duration=on}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|Rajesh Kumar Gupta
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2025|7|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|8|14|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|7|30|2027|8|14|duration=on}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|Alok Awasthi
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2025|7|30|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|Ratnesh Chandra Singh Bisen
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2025|7|30|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|Bhagwati Prasad Sharma
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2025|7|30|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|Gouse Meera Mohiuddin
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|{{dts|2025|7|31|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|-
|Chalapathi Rao Suddala
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|{{dts|2025|7|31|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|-
|Vakiti Ramakrishna Reddy
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|{{dts|2025|7|31|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|-
|Gadi Praveen Kumar
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|{{dts|2025|7|31|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|-
|Virinder Aggarwal
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court |Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2025|8|4|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court |Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Mandeep Pannu
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court |Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2025|8|4|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court |Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Amarinder Singh Grewal
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court |Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2025|8|4|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court |Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Parmod Goyal
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court |Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2025|8|4|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court |Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Rupinderjit Chahal
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court |Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2025|8|4|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court |Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Shalini Singh Nagpal
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court |Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2025|8|4|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court |Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Subhas Mehla
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court |Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2025|8|4|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court |Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Surya Partap Singh
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court |Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2025|8|4|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court |Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Aaradhna Sawhney
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court |Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2025|8|4|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court |Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Yashvir Singh Rathor
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court |Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2025|8|4|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court |Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Tuhin Kumar Gedela
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2025|8|4|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
|Ajit Kumar
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|{{dts|2025|8|4|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2036|11|21|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|8|4|2036|11|21|duration=on}}
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|-
|Pramod Kumar Srivastava
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2025|8|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2027|1|4|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|8|7|2027|1|4|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Abdul Shahid
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2025|8|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2030|7|5|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|8|7|2030|7|5|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|Santosh Rai
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2025|8|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2034|6|30|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2025|8|7|2034|6|30|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|-
|[[Tej Pratap Tiwari]]
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2025|8|7|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|8|1|format=dmy}}
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|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
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|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
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|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
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|Borkatte Muralidhara Pai
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
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|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
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|Tyagaraja Narayan Inavally
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|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
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|Romesh Verma
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|{{ayd|2025|10|6|2036|5|6|duration=on}}
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|Vinai Kumar Dwivedi
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
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|{{ayd|2025|10|17|2028|10|31|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
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|Jai Krishna Upadhyay
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
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|{{dts|2034|8|13|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2026|1|7|2034|8|13|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
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|Ramesh Chander Dimri
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court |Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2026|1|8|format=dmy}}
|
|
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court |Punjab and Haryana]]
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|Neerja Kulwant Kalson
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court |Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2026|1|8|format=dmy}}
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|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court |Punjab and Haryana]]
|-
|Ritesh Kumar
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|{{dts|2026|1|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|7|1|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2026|1|8|2033|7|1|duration=on}}
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|-
|Praveen Kumar
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|{{dts|2026|1|8|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2039|10|20|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2026|1|8|2039|10|20|duration=on}}
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
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|Siddhartha Sah
|[[Uttarakhand High Court |Uttarakhand]]
|{{dts|2026|1|8|format=dmy}}
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|[[Uttarakhand High Court |Uttarakhand]]
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|Ansul alias Anshul Raj
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|{{dts|2026|1|27|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|2033|7|11|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|2026|1|27|2033|7|11|duration=on}}
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
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|Balaji Medamalli
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2026|2|12|format=dmy}}
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|
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of sitting judges of the Supreme Court of India]]
* [[List of current Indian chief justices]]
* [[List of female chief justices in India]]
* [[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline|High Courts in India}}
{{High courts of India}}
{{Judiciary of india}}

[[Category:High courts of India| ]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian judges|High Courts]]

Bhootu

2026-03-19T07:37:09Z

ShereeScotto4:

{{short description|Indian Bengali language children's comedy-drama television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox television
| alt_name =
| image = Bhutubengaliseries.jpg
| caption =
| genre = [[Comedy]] [[Drama]]
| creator =
| based_on =
| developer =
| story = Sahana Raghuvir Shekhawat Damini Joshi '''Dialogues''' Malova Majumdar
| screenplay = Ashrunu Moitra
| director = Srijit Roy
| creative_director = Riya Sengupta
| presenter =
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Arshiya Mukherjee]]
}}
| judges =
| voices =
| narrated =
| theme_music_composer = Upaali Chatterjee
| opentheme =
| endtheme =
| composer = Dony Hazarika
| country = India
| language = Bengali
| num_episodes = 301
| num_seasons = 2
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer = [[Shrikant Mohta]] Mahendra Soni
| location = [[Kolkata]]
| cinematography = Hanif Sheikh
| editor = Dharmesh Patel Pramod kunder
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
| company = [[Shree Venkatesh Films]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2016|03|14|df=y}}
| related = ''[[Bhutu]]''
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| network = [[Zee Bangla]]
| last_aired = {{End date|2017|02|25|df=y}}
}}

'''''Bhootu''''' is an Indian [[Bengali language]] children's comedy-drama [[Television program|television series]] that aired on [[Zee Bangla]]. The series revolves around a friendly girl ghost named Bhootu, who always tries to help others, often causing light mischief and mayhem in the process. The show was rebooted in Hindi with same name as ''[[Bhutu]]'' for [[Zee TV]] and premiered on 21 August 2017.

[[Zee Bangla]] brought back Bhootu but in an animated version for every Sunday from 12 November 2017 to 29 May 2022.

==Cast==
===Main===
* [[Arshiya Mukherjee]] as Bhutu Majumder / Putu Majumder, Bhutu's younger sister; Bhutu's lookalike; only on final episode<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/A-sneak-peek-into-the-lives-of-Bhutu-and-Potol/A-sneak-peek-into-the-lives-of-Bhutu-and-Potol/photostory/54739008.cms|title=A sneak peek into the lives of Bhutu and Potol|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=7 Oct 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/How-can-you-not-fall-in-love-with-Bhutu-after-this/articleshow/52451292.cms|title=How can you not fall in love with Bhutu after this?|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=26 May 2016}}</ref>

===Recurring===
* Subrata Guha Roy as Johor Dalal
* Animesh Bhaduri as Deepen Majumder as aka Deepu: Bhutu's father.
* Gita Mukherjee as Bhutu's paternal Grandmother (Thammi)
* Mimi Dutta as Sudha; Bhutu's mother
* Riyanka Dasgupta as Mallika Majumder aka Mishtu.(Mishti pisi)
* Ritoja Majumder / Sanjuktaa Roy Chowdhury as Krishna Majumder; Bhutu's paternal aunt(Jemma)
* Judhajit Banerjee as Bhutu's paternal uncle. (Jethu)
* Samriddho as Logence; Bhutu's close friend.
* Suman Banerjee as Prabol: Bhutu's maternal uncle.(Mama)
* Arpita Dutta Chowdhury as Swapna: Probal's wife, Bhutu's maternal aunt.(Mami)
* Saheli Ghosh Roy as Prabol and Swapna's daughter; Bhutu's maternal cousin
* Dwaipayan Das as Shayan; Nephew of Bhutu's paternal grandfather (Kannakaku)
* Avery Singha Roy as Arna: Shayan's wife, a karate player.(Karate Kaki)
* Sampurna Mondal as Ratri's daughter
* Prriyam Chakraborty as Borna; Ayon's wife.
* [[Soma Banerjee]] as Guruma
* Pallavi Mukherjee as Chaapa: a maid
* Ashmita Chakraborty as Munni: a maid
* Nayana Bandyopadhyay as Minu
* Arnab Vadra as Shibu Chor, Minu's brother (Pocha Rongkaku)
* Anindita Sarkar as Renu Pisi/ Neki pisi Thamma; Bhutu's maternal grand aunt
* Chaitali Chakraborty as Churni Pisi / Ragi pisi Thamma: Bhutu's elder grandaunt
* Kheyali Dastidar as Pune Pisi
* Prantik Banerjee as Boidujjo Bhowmik
* Riya Ganguly Chakraborty as Ratri: Shayan's sister
* Ranjini Chattopadhyay as Bhutu's maternal grandmother.(Dida)
* Basanti Chatterjee as Mrinal aka Meni: Bhutu's maternal grandaunt.(Masi Thammi)
* [[Alivia Sarkar]] as Tania; Bonna's sister, Somu's love interest, Bhutu's Ragi aunty
* Sourav Chatterjee as Somen Majumder aka Somu: Bhutu's paternal uncle.(Kakai)
* Sourav Das as Johor's nephew
* Amitava Bhattacharyya as Doctor
* [[Lily Chakravarty]] as Thummum; grandmother-in-law of Madhobi, Mouli and Lekha; paternal grandmother of Aniket, Ishani and Nirjhor.
* [[Anindita Raychaudhury]] as Madhobi / Madhu (as called by her husband) / Mummum; Bhutu's foster mother
* Biresh Chakraborty / Rajiv Bose as Aniket, Madhobi's husband; elder brother of Ishani and Nirjhor
* [[Manali Dey]] as Mouli / Bordidi; eldest daughter of third tenant family; Nirjhor's wife
* Anindya Chatterjee as Nirjhor / Bheeturaam Kaku; younger brother of Aniket and Ishani; Mouli's husband
* Sneha Chatterjee as Ishani/Ojha Pisi, sister of Aniket and Nirjhor, sister-in-law of Madhobi and Mouli
* Mou Bhattacharya as Surobhi, mother of Ishani, Aniket and Nirjhor; mother-in-law of Madhabi and Mouli
* Pritha Bandopadhyay as Roma; Dhiman and Disha's mother; Lekha's mother-in-law; paternal aunt of Aniket, Ishani and Nirjhor
* Elfina Mukherjee as Lekha
* Aritra Dutta as Dhiman, Roma's son; Lekha's husband
* Priya Malakar as Disha: Roma's daughter; Lekha's sister-in-law
* Boni Mukherjee as school teacher
* [[Ambarish Bhattacharya]] as school teacher
* Palash Ganguly as Palash;Mouli's former fiancé
* Moumita Chakrabarty / Dola Chakraborty as Konok; Mouli's stepmother. Bhutu's Gol Jethi
* Sakshi Dona Saha as Mouli's youngest step-sister
* [[Manasi Sinha]] as Logence's Pisi Thammi, paternal grandaunt
* Shraboni Bonik as Reetu; Logence's aunt (Jemma) and Rupsha's mother
* Rohit Mukherjee as Anup; Logence's uncle (Jethu) and Rupsha's father
* Fahim Mirza as Asit; Logence's father and Rupsha's uncle
* Anindita Bhattacharya as Tonu; Logence's mother and Rupsha's aunt
* Somjita Bhattacharya as Jilipi Masi: Maids of house
* Swarnadipto Ghosh as Amit; Logence and Rupsha's uncle (Kaka)
* [[Kanyakumari Mukherjee]] as Rumi; Logence and Rupsha's paternal aunt (Mishti Pisi)
* Aditya Roy as Bikram; Rumi's lover
* Anindya Banerjee as Ronodeep
* Goutam Mukherjee as Ronodeep's Paternal Uncle, Anup's Boss
* Ishita Chatterjee as Ronodeep's mother<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiablooms.com/ibns_new/showbiz-details/T/3627/after-casper-for-big-screen-in-hollywood-bhutu-debuts-in-bengali-telly-as-friendly-ghost.html|title=After Casper for big screen in Hollywood, Bhutu debuts in Bengali telly as friendly ghost - Indiablooms - First Portal on Digital News Management|work=Indiablooms|access-date=4 August 2016|archive-date=26 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026085851/http://www.indiablooms.com/ibns_new/showbiz-details/T/3627/after-casper-for-big-screen-in-hollywood-bhutu-debuts-in-bengali-telly-as-friendly-ghost.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Adaptations==
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; margin-right: 0;"
! style="background:orange; width:10%;"| Language
! style="background:orange; width:25%;"| Title
! style="background:orange; width:20%;"| Original release
! style="background:orange; width:10%;"| Network(s)
! style="background:orange; width:10%;"| Last aired
! style="background:orange; width:10%;"| Notes
|-
| [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| ''Bhootu'' ভুতু
| 14 March 2016
| [[Zee Bangla]]
| 25 February 2017
| Original
|-
| [[Hindi]]
| ''[[Bhutu]]'' भुतू
| 21 August 2017
| [[Zee TV]]
| 15 June 2018
| Remake
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.zee5.com/tvshows/details/bhootu/0-6-146/ ''Bhootu''] at [[ZEE5]]

{{Children television series in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhootu}}
[[Category:Indian children's television series]]
[[Category:Indian comedy television series]]
[[Category:2016 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2017 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Zee Bangla original programming]]
[[Category:Bengali-language television programming in India]]

Our Lady of Lourdes Metropolitan Cathedral

2026-03-18T13:04:59Z

ShereeScotto4:

{{Multiple issues|
{{Cleanup rewrite|date=October 2023}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2023}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox church
| name = Our Lady of Lourdes Metropolitan Cathedral
| fullname =
| image = Lourd metharapolitha cathedral thrissur (2).jpg
| imagesize = 300px
| caption = Front facade of Our Lady of Lourdes Metropolitan Cathedral
| coordinates = {{coord|10|31|23.18|N|76|13|39.75|E|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| location = [[Thrissur, Kerala]]
| country = India
| denomination = [[Syro-Malabar|Syro-Malabar Catholic]]
| previous denomination =
| churchmanship =
| membership =
| attendance =
| website = {{URL|lourdescathedralthrissur.com}}
| former name =
| bull date =
| founded date =
| founder =
| dedication = [[Our Lady of Lourdes]]
| dedicated date =
| consecrated date =
| cult =
| relics =
| events =
| past bishop =
| people =
| status = [[Cathedral]]
| functional status = Active
| heritage designation =
| designated date =
| architect =
| architectural type =
| style = [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]]
| groundbreaking =
| completed date = {{start date and age|1957}}
| construction cost =
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| demolished date =
| capacity =
| length =
| width =
| width nave =
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| parish =
| deanery =
| archdeaconry =
| archdiocese = [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Thrissur]]
| diocese =
| province =
| presbytery =
| synod =
| circuit =
| district =
| division =
| subdivision =
| archbishop = Mar [[Andrews Thazhath]]
| bishop =
| dean =
| subdean =
| provost =
| provost-rector =
| viceprovost =
| canon =
| canonpastor =
| precentor =
| archdeacon =
| prebendary =
| rector =
| vicar = Rev. Fr. Jose Vallooran
| curate =
| priestincharge =
| priest =
| asstpriest = Fr. Shojo Manjadikkal SDV,
Fr. Godwin Kizhakkoodan
| minister =
| assistant =
| honpriest =
| deacon =
| deaconness =
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| logosize =
}}
'''Our Lady of Lourdes Metropolitan Cathedral ''', is one of the biggest churches in [[Kerala]], is located in the heart of [[Thrissur]] City in the state of [[Kerala]], India. Dedicated to [[Our Lady of Lourdes]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gcatholic.org/churches/asia/3564.htm|title=Our Lady of Lourdes Metropolitan Cathedral, Trichur, Kerala, India (Syro-Malabar)|website=www.gcatholic.org|access-date=2016-11-19}}</ref> the [[Syro-Malabar|Syro-Malabar Catholic]] church is noted for its imposing interior. The main attraction is an underground shrine, considered a masterpiece of architectural design. Fr John Maliekkal is said to have planned and constructed this church. The exterior of the church features an Indo-European facade with white spires. The centenary of this church was celebrated during the historic visit of [[Pope]] [[John Paul II]] to [[Thrissur]] City in 1986. The cathedral church attracts thousands of pilgrims every month.

==Landmarks==
*1875: The first [[Syro-Malabar|Syrian Catholic]] Church was founded in Thrissur city; the ''[[Marth Mariam Cathedral|Marth-Mariyam Valiyapalli]]'' erected in 1814 was occupied by Chaldean Syrian traditionalists under Mar [[Elias Mellus]] [[Archbishop]] (For this and following material.) <ref>[http://www.lourdescathedralthrissur.com "Lourdes Cathedral Thrissur, Kerala, India"], Official Web site</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.trichurarchdiocese.org/Cathedral.asp |title=Archdiocese of Thrissur |access-date=25 February 2008 |archive-date=22 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070922060653/http://www.trichurarchdiocese.org/Cathedral.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*1885: Establishment of our Lady of Lourdes Church for the Latin Catholics ( Roman Catholics of Latin Rite ).
*1887: Erection of the vicariate Apostolic of Trichur (20 May) with [[Adolph Medlycott|Mgr. Adolphus Medlycott]] as the first Vicar Apostolic.
*1891: Elevation of the Lourdes Church as the Cathedral of the Vicariate of Trichur in exchange for a 1875 Roman Syrian Church for Latin Catholics.
*1896: Elevation of [[John Menachery|Mgr. John Menachery]] (Cathedral Vicar) to the Status of Vicar Apostolic.
*1923: Elevation of Trichur as Diocese, with [[Francis Vazhapilly|Mar Francis Vazhappilly]] as the first Bishop. Restoration of Indian [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church|Syro-Malabar]] Catholic Hierarchy
*
*1934: Blessing of the chapel near main gate.
*1952: Blessing of the chapel in the crypt 75’x 50’
*1957: Blessing of the present cathedral by [[George Alapatt|Mar George Alappatt]].
*1986: Episcopal consecration of the statue of [[Our Lady of Lourdes]]. A solemn conclusion of centenary celebration of the diocese and of its cathedral by [[Pope John Paul II]] during His Apostolic Visit to Thrissur 7 February
*1995: Elevation of Trichur as a Metropolitan See, and Lourdes Church as the Metropolitan Cathedral
*1996: Blessing of the Centenary Hall
*1997: Installation of [[Jacob Thoomkuzhy|Mar Jacob Thoomkuzhy]] Metropolitan Archbishop of Trichur
*1998: Blessing of Cemetery Chapel.
*2004: Episcopal ordination of [[Andrews Thazhath|Mar Andrews Thazhath]], the Third Archbishop of Trichur.
*2010: Episcopal ordination of [[Raphael Thattil|Mar Raphael Thattil]], the second Auxiliary Bishop of Trichur
*2017: Episcopal ordination of [[Tony Neelankavil|Mar Tony Neelankavil]], the third Auxiliary Bishop of Trichur

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">
File:2007 Perunnal.jpg|Cathedral illuminated at night for the annual parish feast
File:Dome (internal view), Our Lady of Lourdes Metropolitan Cathedral, Thrissur, India.jpg|Inside view of the dome
File:Lourde Palli, Thrissur 02.jpg
File:Lourde Palli, Thrissur 05.jpg|Dome above altara
File:Lourde Palli, Thrissur 13.jpg|Christmas-New Year's decorations
File:Lourde Palli, Thrissur 06.jpg|Altar
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Roman Catholicism in India]]
*[[Christianity in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{commons category|Our Lady of Lourdes Metropolitan Cathedral|position=left}}

{{Churches of Kerala}}
{{Syro-Malabar Catholic Church Hierarchy}}
{{thrissur topics}}

[[Category:Churches in Thrissur]]
[[Category:Basilica churches in India]]
[[Category:Eastern Catholic cathedrals in Kerala]]
[[Category:Syro-Malabar Catholic church buildings]]
[[Category:1885 establishments in British India]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Thrissur]]
[[Category:British colonial architecture in India]]
[[Category:Syro-Malabar Catholic cathedrals]]
[[Category:Churches completed in 1957]]

Kanniyakumari Lok Sabha constituency

2026-03-17T20:35:05Z

ShereeScotto4: new...

{{Short description|Parliamentary constituency in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Kanniyakumari
| map_image = Kanniyakumari_lok_sabha_constituency.png
| map_caption = Area of Kanniyakumari Lok Sabha Constituency
| mp = [[Vijay Vasanth]]
|party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
|alliance = {{Party index link|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = 2021
| established = 2009–present
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image = Vijay Vasanth at the Velaikkaran Audio Launch.jpg
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| preceded_by = [[H. Vasanthakumar]]
| electors = 1,579,958
| assembly_cons = [[Kanniyakumari Assembly constituency|Kanniyakumari]] [[Nagercoil Assembly constituency|Nagercoil]] [[Colachal Assembly constituency|Colachal]] [[Padmanabhapuram Assembly constituency|Padmanabhapuram]] [[Vilavancode Assembly constituency|Vilavancode]] [[Killiyoor Assembly constituency|Killiyoor]]
}}

'''Kanniyakumari Lok Sabha constituency''' ({{langx|ta|கன்னியாகுமரி மக்களவைத் தொகுதி}}) is one of the 39 [[Lok Sabha]] ([[Parliament of India|parliamentary]]) constituencies in [[Tamil Nadu]], a [[Federated state|state]] in southern [[India]].

== Assembly segments ==
Kanniyakumari Lok Sabha constituency comprises the following [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|legislative assembly]] segments:

{| class="wikitable"
! width="50px" style="font-size:75%" |Constituency number
! width="200px" |Name
! width="100px" style="font-size:75%" |Reserved for ([[Dalit|SC]]/[[Adivasi|ST]]/None)
! width="150px" |District
! colspan="2"|Party
! colspan="2"|2024 Lead
|-
| 229
| [[Kanniyakumari Assembly constituency|Kanniyakumari]]
|None
| rowspan="6" | [[Kanyakumari district|Kanyakumari]]
|style="background-color:{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
|[[AIADMK]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=6}}
|-
| 230
| [[Nagercoil Assembly constituency|Nagercoil]]
|None
|style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|-
| 231
| [[Colachal Assembly constituency|Colachal]]
|None
|style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
| 232
| [[Padmanabhapuram Assembly constituency|Padmanabhapuram]]
|None
|style="background-color:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
|-
| 233
| [[Vilavancode Assembly constituency|Vilavancode]]
|None
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| 234
| [[Killiyoor Assembly constituency|Killiyoor]]
|None
|}

== List of members of parliament ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| colspan="4" |{{center|''Before 2009 : See [[Nagercoil Lok Sabha constituency|Nagercoil]]''}}
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|[[J. Helen Davidson]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|[[Pon Radhakrishnan]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|[[H. Vasanthakumar]]
|rowspan=3 style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|rowspan=3 |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[2021 elections in India#Lok Sabha by-elections|2021^]]
|rowspan=2|[[Vijay Vasanth]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|-
|}

^By poll

== Election results ==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of Winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|2024|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|52.74}}
{{bar percent|2021|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|52.50}}
{{bar percent|2019|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|59.77}}
{{bar percent|2014|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|37.62}}
{{bar percent|2009|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|41.81}}
}}

=== General Elections 2024===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Indian general election]]: Kanniyakumari<ref name="2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Kanniyakumari">{{cite news |title=Election Commission of India|url=https://www.eci.gov.in/}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Vijay Vasanth]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=546,248|percentage=52.74|change={{increase}}0.24}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Pon. Radhakrishnan]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=366,341|percentage=35.37|change={{decrease}}4.55}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Maria Jennifer|party=Naam Tamilar Katchi|votes=52,705|percentage=5.09|change={{decrease}}0.25}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Pasilian Nazerath|party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=41,393|percentage=4.00|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=None of the above|party=None of the above|votes=3,756|percentage=0.36|change={{decrease}}0.09}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes= 179,907 |percentage=17.37 |change={{increase}}4.80}}
{{Election box turnout|votes= 1,029,055|percentage=65.71|change={{decrease}}3.75}}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner= Indian National Congress |swing={{increase}}0.24}}
{{Election box end}}

===General bye-election 2021===
{{Election box begin | title=2021 Indian general bye-elections: [[Kanniyakumari district|Kanniyakumari]]<ref name="2021_GBE_Results">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13640-bye-elections-2021-parliamentary-and-assemblies/ | title=2021 Indian General Bye-election Results | work=[[Election Commission of India]] | access-date=19 July 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Vijay Vasanth|Vijayakumar (Alias) Vijay Vasanth]]
|votes = 576,037
|percentage = 52.50
|change = {{decrease}}7.37
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Pon. Radhakrishnan]]
|votes = 438,087
|percentage = 39.92
|change = {{increase}}4.92
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Naam Tamilar Katchi
|candidate = R. Anetter Allwyn
|votes = 58,593
|percentage = 5.34
|change = {{increase}}3.71
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Makkal Needhi Maiam
|candidate = Shuba Charles
|votes = 8,536
|percentage = 0.78
|change = {{decrease}}0.04
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes = 4,938
|percentage = 0.45
|change = {{decrease}}0.13
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 137,950
|percentage = 12.57
|change = {{decrease}}12.20
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,097,434
|percentage = 69.46
|change = {{decrease}}0.37
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing = {{decrease}}7.37
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Kanniyakumari district|Kanniyakumari]]<ref name="2019_GE_Results">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/10929-33constituency-wise-detailed-result/ | title=2019 Indian General Election Results | work=[[Election Commission of India]] | access-date=18 June 2019}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[H. Vasanthakumar]]
|votes = 627,235
|percentage = 59.77
|change = {{increase}}35.13
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Pon. Radhakrishnan]]
|votes = 367,302
|percentage = 35.00
|change = {{decrease}}2.62
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Naam Tamilar Katchi
|candidate = V. Jainteen
|votes = 17,069
|percentage = 1.63
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = E. Lekshmanan
|party = Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam
|votes = 12,345
|percentage = 1.18
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Makkal Needhi Maiam
|candidate = J. Ebenezer
|votes = 8,590
|percentage = 0.82
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes = 6,131
|percentage = 0.58
|change = {{increase}}0.16
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 259,933
|percentage = 24.77
|change = {{increase}}11.79
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,048,377
|percentage = 69.83
|change = {{increase}}2.33
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing = {{increase}}35.13
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Kanniyakumari district|Kanniyakumari]]<ref name="2014_GE_Results">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/2785-constituency-wise-detailed-result/ | title=2014 Indian General Election Results | work=[[Election Commission of India]] | access-date=4 June 2014}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Pon. Radhakrishnan]]
|votes = 372,906
|percentage = 37.62
|change = {{increase}}4.38
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[H. Vasanthakumar]]
|votes = 244,244
|percentage = 24.64
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = D. John Thankam
|votes = 176,239
|percentage = 17.78
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = [[F. M. Rajarathnam|F. M. Raajarathinum]]
|votes = 117,933
|percentage = 11.90
|change = {{decrease}}29.91
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = [[A. V. Bellarmin]]
|votes = 35,284
|percentage = 3.56
|change = {{decrease}}7.62
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = [[S. P. Udayakumar]]
|votes = 15,314
|percentage = 1.55
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 4,150
|percentage = 0.42
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 128,662
|percentage = 12.98
|change = {{increase}}4.41
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 990,742
|percentage = 67.50
|change = {{increase}}2.51
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|swing = {{increase}}4.38
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Kanniyakumari district|Kanniyakumari]]<ref name="2009_GE_Results">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/2857-constituency-wise-detailed-result/ | title=2009 Indian General Election Results | work=[[Election Commission of India]] | access-date=1 June 2009}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = [[J. Helen Davidson]]
|votes = 320,161
|percentage = 41.81
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Pon. Radhakrishnan]]
|votes = 254,474
|percentage = 33.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = [[A. V. Bellarmin]]
|votes = 85,583
|percentage = 11.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam
|candidate = S. Austin
|votes = 68,472
|percentage = 8.94
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = P. Sivakami
|votes = 6,400
|percentage = 0.84
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Lok Janshakti Party
|candidate = D. Arul Thumilan
|votes = 2,812
|percentage = 0.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 65,687
|percentage = 8.57
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 765,661
|percentage = 64.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win
|winner = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Lok Sabha]]
* [[Parliament of India]]
* [[Kanniyakumari district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]
*[[Nagercoil (Lok Sabha constituency)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
* {{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |title=Statistical reports of Lok Sabha elections |access-date=July 8, 2010 |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=October 5, 2010 }}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081218010942/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp Election Commission of India]
*[https://resultuniversity.com/election/kanniyakumari-lok-sabha Kanniyakumari Lok Sabha - Result University]
*[https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/tamilnadu/kanniyakumari/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_dates.html Kanniyakumari lok sabha constituency election 2019 date and schedule]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}
{{coord|8.1|77.5|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kanniyakumari Lok Sabha Constituency}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Kanyakumari district]]

Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu

2026-03-17T10:56:56Z

ShereeScotto4: improved article

{{Short description|7th and current Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu
| image = Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu.jpg
| caption = Sukhu, {{circa|2025}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1964|03|27|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Nadaun, Himachal Pradesh|Nadaun]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], India
| residence = {{ubl|[[Oakover]], [[Shimla]]}}
| alma_mater = {{Unbulleted_list|Government College, Sanjauli, Shimla|[[Himachal Pradesh University]]}}
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh
| order = 7th
| subterm = '''Cabinet'''
| suboffice = [[Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu ministry|Sukhu]]
| term_start = 11 December 2022
| governor = [[Rajendra Arlekar]] [[Shiv Pratap Shukla]] [[Kavinder Gupta]]
| deputy = [[Mukesh Agnihotri]]
| predecessor = [[Jai Ram Thakur]]
{{Collapsed infobox section begin|Additional ministries}}
| term_start1 = 11 December 2022
| 3blankname1 = [[Sukhu ministry|Ministry and Departments]]
| 3namedata1 = *Finance
*General Administration
*Home
*Planning
*Personnel
*''Other departments not allotted to any minister''
| predecessor1 = [[Jai Ram Thakur]]
{{Collapsed infobox section end}}
| office2 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the]] [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| termstart2 = 18 December 2017
| predecessor2 = Vijay Agnihotri
| termend2 =
| constituency2 = [[Nadaun (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nadaun]]
| term_start3 = 6 March 2003
| term_end3 = 20 December 2012
| predecessor3 = [[Babu Ram Mandial]]
| successor3 = Vijay Agnihotri
| constituency3 = [[Nadaun (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nadaun]]
| office4 = [[President (corporate title)|President]] of [[Himachal Pradesh Congress Committee]]
| 1blankname4 = National President
| 1namedata4 = [[Sonia Gandhi]] [[Rahul Gandhi]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| committees =
| signature =
| footnotes =
| year =
| source =
| nationality =
| occupation = Politician
| spouse = [[Kamlesh Thakur]]
| children = 2
| parents =
| predecessor4 = [[Virbhadra Singh]]
| successor4 = [[Kuldeep Singh Rathore]]
| termend4 = 11 January 2019
| termstart4 = 15 January 2013
| term_end =
}}

'''Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu''' (born 27 March 1964) is an Indian politician. He is serving as the 7th [[Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh]] since 11 Dec 2022 and also serving as leader of the house in legislative assembly.<ref name=TheOrganiser>{{Cite news |date=2022-12-18 |title=Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu - The organiser |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sukhvinder-singh-sukhu-the-organiser/article66275966.ece |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=The Hindu |language=en |archive-date=19 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219122559/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sukhvinder-singh-sukhu-the-organiser/article66275966.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2022-12-10 |title=Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu named new Himachal CM, Mukesh Agnihotri is his deputy |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/shimla/sukhvinder-singh-sukhu-likely-to-be-next-himachal-cm-8317280/ |access-date=2022-12-10 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=10 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210143404/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/shimla/sukhvinder-singh-sukhu-likely-to-be-next-himachal-cm-8317280/ |url-status=live }}</ref> As a member of [[Indian National Congress]], he is a 4-time and incumbent MLA from [[Nadaun Assembly constituency|Nadaun]] assembly constituency<ref name="elections">{{cite web |title=Nadaun Election Result - Candidates, MLAs, Live Updates & News |url=http://www.elections.in/himachal-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/nadaun.html |access-date=1 June 2022 |website=elections.in |archive-date=1 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601085634/https://www.elections.in/himachal-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/nadaun.html |url-status=live }}</ref> of [[Himachal Pradesh]].<ref name=election2017>{{cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3815-himachal-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/|title=Himachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2017|author=Election Commission of India|access-date=8 July 2021|website=eci.gov.in|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185346/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3815-himachal-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/|url-status=live}}</ref> He was the president of the [[Himachal Pradesh Congress Committee]] from 2013 to 2019 .<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-04-01 |title=Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu appointed new HPCC chief |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/sukhvinder-singh-sukhu-appointed-new-hpcc-chief/story-wTzQ7YHdXAcAC4UaScrAyL.html |access-date=2022-11-02 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=2 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102132026/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/sukhvinder-singh-sukhu-appointed-new-hpcc-chief/story-wTzQ7YHdXAcAC4UaScrAyL.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Who Is Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu: Know Everything about Him |url=https://www.rojgarresult.io/sukhvinder-singh-sukhu/ |website=Rojgar Result |access-date=2025-09-06}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vasudeva |first=Vikas |date=2019-01-13 |title=Cong. appoints new chief in Himachal to end factionalism |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/cong-appoints-new-chief-in-himachal-to-end-factionalism/article25986729.ece |access-date=2022-11-02 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=2 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102132026/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/cong-appoints-new-chief-in-himachal-to-end-factionalism/article25986729.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Early life ==
Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu was born in a [[Rajput]] family<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Lakhoria |first=Udit |date=21 December 2022 |title=Who Is Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu? |url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/my-india/government/who-is-sukhvinder-singh-sukhu |url-status=live |access-date=9 February 2026 |website=MyIndia}}</ref> on 27 March 1964 in the village of Bhavran, Po Kitpal, [[tehsil]] [[Nadaun, Himachal Pradesh|Nadaun]], [[Hamirpur district, Himachal Pradesh|Hamirpur district]], the son of Late Shri Rasil Singh, a bus driver for the [[Himachal Road Transport Corporation|Himachal Pradesh Transport Corporation]], and Sansar Dei, a housewife.<ref name=":0" /> He pursued his education and earned an M.A. and L.L.B. Sukhvinder Singh married [[Kamlesh Thakur]], and they have two daughters.

In his early life, Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu demonstrated leadership qualities during his college years. He was elected as the Class Representative (CR) at Government Degree College, [[Sanjauli]], [[Shimla]], from 1982 to 1983. His leadership roles continued with his election as the General Secretary and later as the President of Government Degree College, [[Sanjauli]], [[Shimla]], for the years 1983-1984 and 1984-1985, respectively. He was also elected as the Department Representative (DR) for the Law Department at Himachal Pradesh University in 1985-1986.

== Political career ==
Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu's political journey began as a student activist when he joined the [[National Students' Union of India|National Student Union of India]] (NSUI), the student arm of the Congress. He was elected as the State President of NSUI from 1989 to 1995. His commitment to political and social work continued as he became the General Secretary of the [[Indian Youth Congress|State Youth Congress]] from 1995 to 1998 and later its President from 1998 to 2008.

In addition to his role in student and youth politics, Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu served as a Councillor in the [[Shimla Municipal Corporation|Municipal Corporation]], Shimla, for two terms from 1993-1998 and 1998-2003.

His leadership within the Congress Party progressed as he took on the role of General Secretary of [[Himachal Pradesh Congress Committee|Pradesh Congress Committee]] from 2008 to 2012. Subsequently, he became the President of [[Himachal Pradesh Congress Committee|Pradesh Congress Committee]], leading the state unit of the party from January 8, 2013, to 11 January 2019.

== Legislative career ==
Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu entered the State Legislative Assembly in 2003 and was re-elected in December 2007 and December 2017. During his legislative terms, he served as the Chief Whip of the Congress Legislature Party from 2007 to 2012. He was a member of various committees, including the Business Advisory Committee, Library, Research & Reference Committee, and Public Undertakings & Privileges Committees from 2018 to 2022.

In December 2022, Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu was elected for the fourth term to the State Legislative Assembly. On 11 December 2022, he took oath as the [[List of chief ministers of Himachal Pradesh|Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh]].

=== Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh ===

Sukhu was a prominent campaigner for the INC in the [[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022 assembly elections]] in the state of [[Himachal Pradesh]]. The [[Himachal Pradesh Congress Committee]] appointed him [[List of chief ministers of Himachal Pradesh|Chief Minister]] on 10 December 2022; he was sworn in the next day, after the INC won the assembly elections.

==== Ministry allocation ====
{{Main|Sukhu ministry}}
After becoming a Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh, Sukhu kept around more than 5 ministries under his direct control, including Finance, General, Administration, Home, Planning, Personnel and All other departments not allotted to any other Minister.

In his first cabinet meeting, held on 13 January 2023, the decision was taken to restore the [[Old Pension Scheme|old pension scheme]], fulfilling the poll promise of the Congress. The Cabinet decided to provide [[Old Pension Scheme|OPS]] to all the Government employees who are presently covered under the defined contributory pension scheme also referred to as [[National Pension System|NPS]]. This will benefit to about 1.36 lakh [[National Pension System|NPS]] employees in the State.

==See also==
* [[Sukhu ministry]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{s-start}}
{{succession box
| before = [[Jai Ram Thakur]]
| title = [[List of Chief Ministers of Himachal Pradesh|Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh]]
| years = 11 December 2022 – present
| after = Incumbent
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Current Indian chief ministers}}
{{Chief Ministers of Himachal Pradesh}}
{{Indian National Congress}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sukhu, Sukhvinder Singh}}
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Himachal Pradesh MLAs 2003–2007]]
[[Category:Himachal Pradesh MLAs 2007–2012]]
[[Category:Himachal Pradesh MLAs 2017–2022]]
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Chief ministers of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Indian National Congress]]
[[Category:Himachal Pradesh University alumni]]
[[Category:Himachal Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Presidents of Himachal Pradesh Congress Committee]]

Muhammad Sadiq (singer)

2026-03-12T13:14:30Z

ShereeScotto4:

{{Short description|Punjabi singer, actor and politician}}
{{Other people||Muhammad Sadiq (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Muhammad Sadiq
| image = Muhammad Sadiq , Punjab Singer.jpg
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| constituency = [[Faridkot (Lok Sabha constituency)|Faridkot]]
| term_start = 18 June 2019
| term_end2 =
| predecessor = [[Sadhu Singh]]
| office1 = [[Punjab Legislative Assembly|Member of the Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency1 = [[Bhadaur Assembly Constituency|Bhadaur]]
| term_start1 = 2012
| term_end1 = 2017
| predecessor1 = Balvir Singh Ghunas
| successor1 = [[Pirmal Singh Dhaula]]|
| birth_name =
| birth_place = Kup Kalan, Punjab province, [[British India]] (now [[Sangrur district]]), [[Punjab, India]]
| origin =
| death_date = 
| death place =
| nationality = Indian
| spouse =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| residence =
| alma_mater =
| profession = Singer
| religion =
| module = {{Infobox musical artist
| embed = yes
| alias = Sadiq, Sadeeq
| genre = [[Folk music of Punjab|Folk]], [[Duet]]s
| occupation = Singer, actor, politician and composer
| instrument = [[Tumbi]]
| years_active = 
| label =
| website = 
}}
| term_end = 4 June 2024
| succeeded = [[Sarabjeet Singh Khalsa]]
| caption = Muhammad Sadiq at Punjab language department in May 2025
}}

[[File:Ranjit kaur.jpg|thumb|Muhammad Sadiq plays harmonium with [[Ranjit Kaur]], his singing companion.]]

'''Muhammad Sadiq''' is a [[Punjabi language|Punjabi-language]] [[Singing|singer]],<ref name="ti">{{cite news | url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2012/20120409/punjab.htm | title=Sadiq won't sing in Bhadaur | date=9 April 2012 | work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] | accessdate=4 May 2012 | location=Chandigarh}}</ref><ref name="ti2">{{cite news | url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2012/20120111/main6.htm | title=A song on their lips, aprayer in their hearts | date=11 January 2012 | work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] | accessdate=4 May 2012 | location=Chandigarh}}</ref><ref name="ti3">{{cite news | url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20111201/ldh1.htm | title=Artistes mourn Kuldeep Manak's demise | date=1 December 2011 | work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] | accessdate=4 May 2012 | location=Ludhiana}}</ref> actor and politician from [[India]]. He is best known for his duets with singer [[Ranjit Kaur]]. He is the ex [[Member of parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]] for [[Faridkot, Punjab]] constituency. He was the [[Indian National Congress|Congress party]] MLA from [[Bhadaur Assembly Constituency|Bhadaur]] in Punjab from 2012 to 2017.<ref name=ti/>

==Early life==

Sadiq was born in 1939 in a [[Punjabi Muslim]] family, to father Walayat Ali and mother Parsinni, in the village of Kup Kalan, [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]], [[British Raj]] (now in [[Malerkotla district]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[India]]).<ref name=av>{{cite web|url=http://aarsivartak.blogspot.in/2009/01/blog-post_4507.html|title=ਆਰਸੀ ਰਿਸ਼ਮਾਂ: ਸੁਰਿੰਦਰ ਰਾਮਪੁਰੀ -ਲੇਖ|date=29 January 2009|publisher=aarsivartak.blogspot.in|accessdate=2 March 2012}}</ref> According to him, he belongs to ''Doom'' caste (a [[Mirasi|Marasi]] sub-caste).<ref name=ie>{{cite news |title=Denied ticket over name, Punjabi singer cries foul |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/denied-ticket-over-name-punjabi-singer-cries-foul/21631/|author=Amrita Chaudhry|author-link=Amrita Chaudhry|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |date=24 January 2007 |accessdate=19 June 2015}}</ref> His uncle was a folk singer who inspired him a lot.

==Career==
He has sung with many female singers of Punjab including [[Surinder Kaur]], [[Narinder Biba]], Rajinder Rajan, [[Swaran Lata (singer)|Swaran Lata]] & many others including a duo with [[Ranjit Kaur]]. Most of his songs been written by famous Punjabi folk lyricist [[Babu Singh Maan]]. In his starting career he sang songs written by [[Inderjeet Hasanpuri]] & his friend [[Didar Sandhu]]. He recorded most of his songs & live performances with [[Ranjit Kaur]] for approximately 40 years. They were one of the most famous singing couples of Punjab in the 1970s and '80s. He first sang the famous folk song ''"Nigah Maarda Aayin Ve Mera Laung Gawacha"'' as duet with Bibi [[Surinder Kaur]] in late 60s written by lyricist [[Babu Singh Maan]]. Many of Punjabi singers have re-recorded his songs such as ''Na De Dil Pardesi Nu'', ''Lammi Seeti Maar Mittra'', ''Mera Laung Gawacha'' and ''Boliyaan''.
He also acted in few Punjabi films like [[Putt Jattan De]], Guddo, [[Punjwood|Patola]], Jatt Jeona Morh and Tabaahi.

==Politics==
He contested from [[Bhadaur Assembly Constituency|Bhadaur]] constituency in 2012 assembly elections as candidate of Congress and won defeating Darbara Singh Guru of [[Shiromani Akali Dal]]. His election was challenged by the defeated Akali candidate Guru on the grounds that he is a Muslim and thus does not belong to a scheduled caste making him ineligible to contest from a reserved seat.<ref name="len">{{cite news | url=http://www.lawetalnews.com/article/46/Election-of-Congress-MLA-from-Bhadaur-challenged-.htm | title=Election of Congress MLA from Bhadaur challenged | date=30 March 2012 | agency=[http://lawetalnews.com lawetalnews] | accessdate=4 May 2012 | location=Chandigarh}}</ref> While the [[Punjab and Haryana High Court]] quashed his election, the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]], on his appeal, has stayed the HC order.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/punjab-and-haryana-high-court-sets-aside-congress-mla-mohammad-sadiq-s-election-from-bhadaur/article1-1334734.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407194159/http://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/punjab-and-haryana-high-court-sets-aside-congress-mla-mohammad-sadiq-s-election-from-bhadaur/article1-1334734.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 April 2015|date=8 April 2015|title=Punjab and Haryana high court sets aside Cong Bhadaur MLA Sadiq's election|accessdate=19 June 2015|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> In 2017 assembly elections, he contested from [[Jaitu Assembly Constituency|Jaito]] constituency as candidate of Congress and lost against Master Baldev Singh of [[Aam Aadmi Party]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Top SAD, BJP leaders bite dust, some Conressmen unlucky in Punjab|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/mar/11/top-sad-bjp-leaders-bite-dust-some-conressmen-unlucky-in-punjab-1580366.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224052919/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/mar/11/top-sad-bjp-leaders-bite-dust-some-conressmen-unlucky-in-punjab-1580366.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 February 2018|access-date=2021-02-11|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> He won [[2019 Indian general election]] from [[Faridkot Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Faridkot (Punjab) Lok Sabha Election Results 2019 -Faridkot Parliamentary Constituency, Winning MP and Party Name |url=https://www.elections.in/punjab/parliamentary-constituencies/faridkot.html |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=www.elections.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=5168 |title=Lok Sabha Member Bioprofile |access-date=25 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613051054/http://loksabhaph.nic.in:80/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=5168 |archive-date=2019-06-13}}</ref>

==Family==
He has six daughters, all of them married. He has 5 grandsons and 3 granddaughters.<ref name=ti/> In 2012, Sadiq revealed that he was brought up in a [[Cultural Muslims|non-practicing Muslim]] family, and he converted to [[Sikhism]] in 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|title=‘Faith’ ghost back to haunt Sadiq|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/punjab/faith-ghost-back-to-haunt-sadiq-756603/|website=The Tribune|access-date=2026-02-01|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Sikh or Muslim? It's all about love of Guru, says Mohammad Sadiq|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/sikh-or-muslim-its-all-about-love-of-guru-says-mohammad-sadiq/articleshow/69552202.cms|access-date=2022-02-05|website=[[Times of India]]|date=29 May 2019}}</ref>

==Filmography==
* Kulli Yaar Di (1970) ...
* Saidan Jogan (1979) ... Goga
* Rano ... Kanwar Harphool Singh
* [[Putt Jattan De]] (1983) ... Jabar Jang Singh
* Guddo (1985) ... Mangal/Jawala (Double Role)
* [[Patola (1987 film)|Patola]] (1988) ... Kishna Kautki
* Jatt Jeona Mour (1991) ... Daaku Chatraa
* Zakhmi (1996) ... Thanedaar Rachhpal Singh
* Tabaahi (1996) ... Thanedaar Seva Singh
* Laali (1998)
* Kaun Kise Da Beli (2007) ... Sohan
* Jatt Boys - Putt Jattan De (2013) ... Jassa
* [[Dulla Vaily]] (2019) ... Gheela

==Famous songs==
*Baggi Titri Kamaadon Nikli
*Mitran di Khang wich Khang Balliye
*Aa Mundey Ve Zara Beh Mundeya
*Na De Dil Pardesi Nu (Remixed by [[Panjabi MC]] as "[[Jogi (Panjabi MC song)|Jogi]]" and [[Shashwat Sachdev]] as "Sound of Dhurandhar")
*100 da note
*Mera Laung Gawacha
*Haase Naal Si Chalawan Phull Mareya
*Je Mundeya Teri Akh Ve Dukhdi
*Khich Lai Vairiya
*Kurti Malmal Di
*Lammi Seeti Maar Mittra
*La La Hogayi (Sucha Soorma)
*Jatti Mili Jatt Nu
*Solvin ch Deor Parda
*Patt ditti Gutt
*Malki Keema
*Yaar Bimar Peya
*Saari Saari Raat Pardi
*Aavan gi jaror Mitra
*Telu Raam di Hatti da Zarda
*Mukk gayi Feem
*Billo Teri Hikk
*Roadways di Laari
*Sohreya da Pind
*Umar Munde di Niani

==See also==
* [[Didar Sandhu]]
* [[Babu Singh Maan]]
* [[Surinder Shinda]]
* [[Gurmel Singh Dhillon]]
* [[Kuldeep Manak]]
* [[Amar Singh Chamkila]]
* [[Gurcharan Pohli]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{S-par|in-ls}}
{{Lok Sabha succession box
| constituency = Faridkot, Punjab
| before= [[Sadhu Singh]]
| after= [[Sarabjeet Singh Khalsa]]
| years= [[2019 Indian general election|2019]] – [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}
{{17th LS members from Punjab}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sadiq, Muhammad}}
[[Category:Punjabi-language singers]]
[[Category:Male actors in Punjabi cinema]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1942 births]]
[[Category:People from Ludhiana district]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Singers from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Male actors from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 2012–2017]]
[[Category:India MPs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Punjab, India]]
[[Category: Converts to Sikhism from Islam]]

National Film Award for Best Sound Design

2026-03-12T10:20:08Z

ShereeScotto4:

{{Short description|Indian film award}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox award
| name = National Film Award for Best Sound Design
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| subheader = National award for contributions to [[Cinema of India|Indian Cinema]]
| awarded_for =
| sponsor = [[National Film Development Corporation of India]]
| firstawarded = 1976
| reward = {{ubl|Rajat Kamal (Silver Lotus)|{{INR|2,00,000}}}}
| former name = Best Sound Recording (1976–1979) Best Audiography (1980–2021)
| holder_label = Most recent winner
| holder = Sachin Sudhakaran and Hariharan Muralidharan, ''[[Animal (2023 Indian film)|Animal]]'' (2023)
}}

The '''National Film Award for Best Sound Design''' is one of the [[National Film Awards]] presented annually by the [[National Film Development Corporation of India]]. It is one of several awards presented for feature films and awarded with Rajat Kamal (Silver Lotus).

The award was instituted in 1976, at [[24th National Film Awards]] and awarded annually for films produced in the year across the country, in all Indian languages; [[Hindi]] (30 awards), [[Malayalam]] (15 awards), [[Bengali language|Bengali]] (10 awards), [[Tamil language|Tamil]] (9 awards), [[Marathi language|Marathi]] (5 awards), [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Ladakhi language|Ladakhi]] (2 awards each), and [[Assamese language|Assamese]], and [[Sanskrit]] (one award each).

Since the [[57th National Film Awards]] the award has been sub-categorised into [[Production sound mixer|Location sound recordist]], [[Sound design]]er and [[Re-recording (filmmaking)|Re-recordist of the final mixed track]]. At the [[70th National Film Awards]], the award was renamed to Best Sound Design. Two sub-categories Location Sound Recordist and Re-recordist of the Final Mixed Track were discontinued, with only sound designer being eligible to the award.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2024-02-13 |title=National Film Awards Undergo Changes, Nargis Dutt, Indira Gandhi Categories Renamed |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!entertainment/national-film-awards-undergo-changes-nargis-dutt-indira-gandhi-categories-renamed-enn24021305335 |access-date=2024-08-20 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Praveen |first=S. R. |date=2024-08-18 |title=Dropping of two National Film Awards in sound category kicks up a controversy |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/dropping-of-two-national-film-awards-in-sound-category-kicks-up-a-controversy/article68539579.ece |access-date=2024-08-20 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The decision to discontinue the two other sub-categories received some criticism.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2024-08-19 |title=Centre's decision to remove two categories in sound segment at national film awards invites criticism |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2024/Aug/19/centres-decision-to-remove-two-categories-in-sound-segment-at-national-film-awards-invites-criticism-2 |access-date=2024-08-20 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Winners ==

{| class="wikitable" style="width:40%"
|-
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"| Awards legends
|-
| style="background-color:#9FDFBF;width:20px;"|{{center|*}}
| {{small|Location Sound Recordist (2009{{ndash}}2021)}}
|-
| style="background-color:#EBEBE0;width:20px;"|{{center|*}}
| {{small|Sound Designer (2009{{ndash}}2021)}}
|-
| style="background-color:#E0EAEA;width:20px;"|{{center|*}}
| {{small|Re-recordist of the Final Mixed Track (2009{{ndash}}2021)}}
|}

Award includes 'Rajat Kamal' (Silver Lotus) and cash prize. Following are the award winners over the years:

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%"
! colspan="5" | List of award recipients, showing the year (award ceremony), film(s), language(s) and citation
|-
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:10%;"| Year
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:25%;"| Recipient(s)
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:23%;"| Film(s)
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:10%;"| Language(s)
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:3%" class="unsortable" |{{Tooltip|Refs.|Reference}}
|-
| align="center" | [[24th National Film Awards|1976 {{small|(24th)}}]]
! scope="row" | S. P. Ramanathan
| ''[[Bhakta Kannappa]]''
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindilyrics.net/awards/national-film-awards-1977.html|title=24th National Film Awards|access-date=10 July 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[25th National Film Awards|1977 {{small|(25th)}}]]
! scope="row" | S. P. Ramanathan
| ''[[Godhuli]]''
| [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| align="center" |<ref name="25thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/25th_nff_1977.pdf|title=25th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=4 October 2011}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[26th National Film Awards|1978 {{small|(26th)}}]]
! scope="row" | Hitendra Ghosh
| ''[[Junoon (1978 film)|Junoon]]''
| Hindi
| align="center" |<ref name="26thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/26th_NFA.pdf|title=26th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=4 October 2011}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[27th National Film Awards|1979 {{small|(27th)}}]]
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindilyrics.net/awards/national-film-awards-1980.html|title=27th National Film Awards|access-date=10 July 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[28th National Film Awards|1980 {{small|(28th)}}]]
! scope="row" | S. P. Ramanathan
| ''[[Nenjathai Killathe]]''
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| align="center" |<ref name="28thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/28th_nff_1981.pdf|title=28th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=4 October 2011}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[29th National Film Awards|1981 {{small|(29th)}}]]
! scope="row" | P. Devdas
| ''[[Elippathayam]]''
| [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]
| align="center" |<ref name="29thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/29th_nff_1982.pdf|title=29th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=4 October 2011}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[30th National Film Awards|1982 {{small|(30th)}}]]
! scope="row" | Essabhai M. Suratwala
| ''[[Namkeen]]''
| Hindi
| align="center" |<ref name="30thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/30th_nff_1983.pdf|title=30th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=4 October 2011}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[31st National Film Awards|1983 {{small|(31st)}}]]
! scope="row" | S. P. Ramanathan
| ''[[Adi Shankaracharya (film)|Adi Shankaracharya]]''
| [[Sanskrit]]
| align="center" |<ref name="31stawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/31st_nff_1984.pdf|title=31st National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=9 December 2011}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[32nd National Film Awards|1984 {{small|(32nd)}}]]
! scope="row" | P. Devdas
| ''[[Mukhamukham]]''
| Malayalam
| align="center" |<ref name="32ndawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/32nd_nff_1985.pdf|title=32nd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=6 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[33rd National Film Awards|1985 {{small|(33rd)}}]]
! scope="row" | Hitendra Ghosh
| ''Ek Pal''
| Hindi
| align="center" |<ref name="33rdawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/33nfa.pdf|title=33rd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=7 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" rowspan="2" | [[34th National Film Awards|1986 {{small|(34th)}}]]
! scope="row" | Durga Mitra
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Pathbhola|Path Bhola]]''
| rowspan="2" | [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| align="center" rowspan="2" |<ref name="34thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/34th_NFF.pdf|title=34th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=7 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | Jyoti Prasad Chatterjee
|-
| align="center" rowspan="3" | [[35th National Film Awards|1987 {{small|(35th)}}]]
! scope="row" | P. Devadas
| rowspan="3" | ''[[Anantaram]]''
| rowspan="3" | Malayalam
| align="center" rowspan="3" | <ref name="35thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/35th_nff_1988.pdf|title=35th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=9 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[T. Krishnanunni]]
|-
! scope="row" | [[N. Harikumar]]
|-
| align="center" | [[36th National Film Awards|1988 {{small|(36th)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[T. Krishnanunni|T. Krishnan Unni]]
| ''[[Piravi]]''
| Malayalam
| align="center" |<ref name="36thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/36nfa.pdf|title=36th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=9 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[37th National Film Awards|1989 {{small|(37th)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[N. Harikumar]]
| ''[[Mathilukal (film)|Mathilukal]]''
| Malayalam
| align="center" |<ref name="37thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/37nfa.pdf|title=37th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[38th National Film Awards|1990 {{small|(38th)}}]]
! scope="row" | N. Pandurangan
| ''[[Anjali (1990 film)|Anjali]]''
| Tamil
| align="center" |<ref name="38thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/38th_nff_1991.pdf|title=38th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=9 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" rowspan="2" | [[39th National Film Awards|1991 {{small|(39th)}}]]
! scope="row" | Ajay Munjan
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Rukmavati Ki Haveli]]''
| rowspan="2" | Hindi
| align="center" rowspan="2" | <ref name="39thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/39nd_nff_1985.pdf|title=39th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=27 February 2012}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | M. M. Padmanabhan
|-
| align="center" | [[40th National Film Awards|1992 {{small|(40th)}}]]
! scope="row" | N. Pandurangan
| ''[[Thevar Magan]]''
| Tamil
| align="center" |<ref name="40thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/40th_nff_1993.pdf|title=40th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=2 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" rowspan="2" | [[41st National Film Awards|1993 {{small|(41st)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[H. Sridhar]]
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Mahanadhi (1994 film)|Mahanadi]]''
| rowspan="2" | Tamil
| align="center" rowspan="2" | <ref name="41stawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/41st_nff_1994.pdf|title=41st National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=3 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | K. M. Surya Narayan (M/s Media Artiste Pvt. Ltd)
|-
| align="center" rowspan="2" | [[42nd National Film Awards|1994 {{small|(42nd)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[A. S. Laxmi Narayanan]]
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Kaadhalan]]''
| rowspan="2" | Tamil
| align="center" rowspan="2" |<ref name="42ndawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/42nd_nff_1995.pdf|title=42nd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=5 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | V. S. Murthy
|-
| align="center" rowspan="2" | [[43rd National Film Awards|1995 {{small|(43rd)}}]]
! scope="row" rowspan="2" | Deepan Chatterji
| ''[[Kaalapani (1996 film)|Kalapani]]''
| Malayalam
| align="center" rowspan="2" |<ref name="43rdawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/43rd_nff_1996.pdf|title=43rd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=6 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Halo (1996 film)|Halo]]''
| Hindi
|-
| align="center" | [[44th National Film Awards|1996 {{small|(44th)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[T. Krishnanunni|Krishnan Unni]]
| ''[[Desadanam]]''
| Malayalam
| align="center" |<ref name="44thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/44th_nff_1997.pdf|title=44th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=9 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[45th National Film Awards|1997 {{small|(45th)}}]]
! scope="row" | Sampath
| ''[[Ennu Swantham Janakikutty]]''
| Malayalam
| align="center" |<ref name="45thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/45th_NFA.pdf|title=45th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=11 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[46th National Film Awards|1998 {{small|(46th)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[H. Sridhar]]
| ''[[Dil Se..]]''
| Hindi
| align="center" |<ref name="46thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/46_nff_1999.pdf|title=46th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=12 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[47th National Film Awards|1999 {{small|(47th)}}]]
! scope="row" | Anup Mukhopadhyay
| ''[[Uttara (film)|Uttara]]''
| Bengali
| align="center" |<ref name="47thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/47th_nff_2000.pdf|title=47th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=13 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[48th National Film Awards|2000 {{small|(48th)}}]]
! scope="row" | Anup Dev
| ''[[Moksha (2001 film)|Moksha]]''
| Hindi
| align="center" |<ref name="48thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/48th_nff_2001.pdf|title=48th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=13 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" rowspan="2" | [[49th National Film Awards|2001 {{small|(49th)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[H. Sridhar]]
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Lagaan]]''
| rowspan="2" | Hindi
| align="center" rowspan="2" | <ref name="49thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/49th_nff_2002.pdf|title=49th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=14 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | Nakul Kamte
|-
| align="center" rowspan="2" | [[50th National Film Awards|2002 {{small|(50th)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[A. S. Laxmi Narayanan]]
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Kannathil Muthamittal]]''
| rowspan="2" | Tamil
| align="center" rowspan="2" | <ref name="50thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/50nfa.pdf|title=50th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=14 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[H. Sridhar]]
|-
| align="center" rowspan="2" | [[51st National Film Awards|2003 {{small|(51st)}}]]
! scope="row" | Anup Mukhopadhyay
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Bhalo Theko]]''
| rowspan="2" | Bengali
| align="center" rowspan="2" | <ref name="51stawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/51st_nff_2004.pdf|title=51st National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=15 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | Deepon Chatterjee
|-
| align="center" rowspan="2" | [[52nd National Film Awards|2004 {{small|(52nd)}}]]
! scope="row" | Anup Mukhopadhyay
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Iti Srikanta]]''
| rowspan="2" | Bengali
| align="center" rowspan="2" | <ref name="52ndawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/52nd_nff_2005.pdf|title=52nd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=28 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | Alok De
|-
| align="center" | [[53rd National Film Awards|2005 {{small|(53rd)}}]]
! scope="row" | Nakul Kamte
| ''[[Rang De Basanti]]''
| Hindi
| align="center" |<ref name="53rdawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/53rd_nff_2006.pdf|title=53rd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=19 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" rowspan="3" | [[54th National Film Awards|2006 {{small|(54th)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[Shajith Koyeri]]
| rowspan="3" | ''[[Omkara (2006 film)|Omkara]]''
| rowspan="3" | Hindi
| align="center" rowspan="3" | <ref name="54thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/54th_nff_2006.pdf|title=54th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=24 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | Subhash Sahoo
|-
! scope="row" | [[K. J. Singh]]
|-
| align="center" | [[55th National Film Awards|2007 {{small|(55th)}}]]
! scope="row" | Kunal Sharma
| ''[[1971 (2007 film)|1971]]''
| Hindi
| align="center" |<ref name="55thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/55th_nff_2007.pdf|title=55th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=26 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" rowspan="2" | [[56th National Film Awards|2008 {{small|(56th)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[Pramod Thomas|Pramod J. Thomas]]
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Gandha (film)|Gandha]]''
| rowspan="2" | [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| align="center" rowspan="2" | <ref name="56thawardPDF">{{Cite web |title=56th National Film Awards |url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/56th_nff_2008.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019152853/http://dff.nic.in/2011/56th_nff_2008.pdf |archive-date=2013-10-19 |access-date=2025-07-29 |publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | Anmol Bhave
|-
| align="center" rowspan="3" | [[57th National Film Awards|2009 {{small|(57th)}}]]
! scope="row" style="background-color:#9FDFBF" | Subash Sahoo
| ''[[Kaminey]]''
| Hindi
| align="center" rowspan="3" |<ref name="57thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/57thNFA.pdf|title=57th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=28 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#EBEBE0" | [[Resul Pookutty]], [[Amrit Pritam Dutta]]
| ''[[Pazhassi Raja (2009 film)|Keralavarma Pazhassiraja]]''
| Malayalam
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0EAEA" | Anup Dev
| ''[[3 Idiots]]''
| Hindi
|-
| align="center" rowspan="3" | [[58th National Film Awards|2010 {{small|(58th)}}]]
! scope="row" style="background-color:#9FDFBF" | Kaamod Kharade
| ''[[Ishqiya]]''
| Hindi
| align="center" rowspan="3" |<ref name="58thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/58_NFA.pdf|title=58th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#EBEBE0" | Subhadeep Sengupta
| ''[[Chitrasutram]]''
| Malayalam
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0EAEA" | Debajit Changmai
| ''[[Ishqiya]]''
| Hindi
|-
| align="center" rowspan="3" | [[59th National Film Awards|2011 {{small|(59th)}}]]
! scope="row" style="background-color:#9FDFBF"| Baylon Fonseca
| ''[[Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara]]''
| Hindi
| align="center" rowspan="3" |<ref name="59thaward">{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/release/rel_print_page.asp?relid=80734|title=59th National Film Awards for the Year 2011 Announced|publisher=Press Information Bureau (PIB), India|access-date=7 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#EBEBE0" | Baylon Fonseca
| ''[[Game (2011 film)|Game]]''
| Hindi
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0EAEA" | Hitendra Ghosh
| ''[[Game (2011 film)|Game]]''
| Hindi
|-
| align="center" rowspan="6" | [[60th National Film Awards|2012 {{small|(60th)}}]]
! scope="row" style="background-color:#9FDFBF"| Radhakrishnan S.
| ''[[Annayum Rasoolum]]''
| Malayalam
| align="center" rowspan="6" |<ref name="60thaward">{{cite press release|title=60th National Film Awards Announced|url=http://pib.nic.in/archieve/others/2013/mar/d2013031801.pdf|publisher=Press Information Bureau (PIB), India|access-date=18 March 2013}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#EBEBE0" | Anirban Sengupta
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Shabdo]]''
| rowspan="2" | Bengali
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#EBEBE0" | Dipankar Chaki
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0EAEA" | Alok De
| rowspan="3" | {{•}}''[[Gangs of Wasseypur – Part 1]]'' {{•}}''[[Gangs of Wasseypur – Part 2]]''
| rowspan="3" | Hindi
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0EAEA" | [[Sinoy Joseph]]
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0EAEA" | [[Sreejesh Nair]]
|-
| align="center" rowspan="3" | [[61st National Film Awards|2013 {{small|(61st)}}]]
! scope="row" style="background-color:#9FDFBF"| Nihar Ranjan Samal
| ''[[Madras Cafe]]''
| Hindi
| align="center" rowspan="3" |<ref name="61staward">{{cite web|title=61st National Film Awards|url=http://www.dff.nic.in/List%20of%20Awards.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|date=16 April 2014|access-date=16 April 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416181218/http://www.dff.nic.in/List%20of%20Awards.pdf|archive-date=16 April 2014}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#EBEBE0"| [[Bishwadeep Chatterjee]]
| ''[[Madras Cafe]]''
| Hindi
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0EAEA"| D. Yuvaraj
| ''[[Swapaanam]]''
| Malayalam
|-
| align="center" rowspan="4" | [[62nd National Film Awards|2014 {{small|(62nd)}}]]
! scope="row" style="background-color:#9FDFBF"| Mahaveer Sabbanwal
| ''[[Khwada]]''
| Marathi
| align="center" rowspan="4" |<ref name="62ndaward">{{cite press release|title=62nd National Film Awards|url=http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/62nd%20National%20Film%20Awards%202014%20-%20Press%20Release.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|date=24 March 2015|access-date=24 March 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#EBEBE0"| [[Anish John]]
| ''[[Asha Jaoar Majhe]]''
| Bengali
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0EAEA"| Anirban Sengupta
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Nirbashito]]''
| rowspan="2" | Bengali
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0EAEA"| Dipankar Chaki
|-
| align="center" rowspan="3" | [[63rd National Film Awards|2015 {{small|(63rd)}}]]
! scope="row" style="background-color:#9FDFBF"| Sanjay Kurian
| ''[[Talvar (film)|Talvar]]''
| Hindi
| align="center" rowspan="3" | <ref name="63rdaward">{{cite press release|title=63rd National Film Awards|url=http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/Winners_of_63rd_NFA_2015.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|date=28 March 2016|access-date=28 March 2016}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#EBEBE0"| [[Bishwadeep Chatterjee]]
| ''[[Bajirao Mastani]]''
| Hindi
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0EAEA"| [[Justin Jose]]
| ''[[Bajirao Mastani]]''
| Hindi
|-
| align="center" rowspan="2" | [[64th National Film Awards|2016 {{small|(64th)}}]]
! scope="row" style="background-color:#EBEBE0"| [[Jayadevan Chakkadath]]
| ''[[Kaadu Pookkunna Neram]]''
| Malayalam
| align="center" rowspan="2" | <ref name="64thaward">{{cite press release|title=64th National Film Awards|url=http://www.dff.nic.in/writereaddata/NFA64PressNote2016.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=7 April 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606051143/http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/NFA64PressNote2016.pdf|archive-date=6 June 2017}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0EAEA"| Alok De
| ''[[Ventilator (2016 film)|Ventilator]]''
| Marathi
|-
| align="center" rowspan="3" | [[65th National Film Awards|2017 {{small|(65th)}}]]
! scope="row" style="background-color:#9FDFBF"| [[Mallika Das]]
| ''[[Village Rockstars]]''
| Assamese
| align="center" rowspan="3" |
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#EBEBE0"|[[Sanal George]]
| ''[[Walking with the Wind]]''
| Ladakhi
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0EAEA"| [[Justin Jose]]
| ''[[Walking with the Wind]]''
| Ladakhi
|-
| align="center" rowspan="3" | [[66th National Film Awards|2018 {{small|(66th)}}]]
! scope="row" style="background-color:#9FDFBF"| Gaurav Verma
| ''[[Tendlya]]''
| Marathi
| align="center" rowspan="3" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dff.gov.in/images/News/66th_NFA_Results.pdf|access-date=9 August 2019|title=66th National Film Awards|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#EBEBE0"| [[Bishwadeep Chatterjee]]
| ''[[Uri: The Surgical Strike]]''
| Hindi
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0EAEA"| [[M. R. Rajakrishnan]]
| ''[[Rangasthalam]]''
| Telugu
|-
| align="center" rowspan="4" | [[67th National Film Awards|2019 {{small|(67th)}}]]
! scope="row" style="background-color:#9FDFBF"| Debajit Gayan
| ''[[Iewduh]]''
| [[Khasi language|Khasi]]
| align="center" rowspan="4" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 March 2021 |title=67th National Film Awards: Complete list of winners |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/67th-national-film-awards-complete-list-updating/article34131921.ece |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#EBEBE0"| Mandar Kamalapurkar
| ''Trijya''
| Marathi
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0EAEA"| [[Resul Pookutty]]
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Oththa Seruppu Size 7]]''
| rowspan="2" | Tamil
|-
| scope="row" style="background-color:#E0EAEA" | Bibin Devassy
|-
| align="center" rowspan="2" | [[68th National Film Awards|2020 {{small|(68th)}}]]
! scope="row" style="background-color:#EBEBE0"| Anmol Bhave
| ''[[Me Vasantrao]]''
| Marathi
| align="center" rowspan="2" | <ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-07-22 |title=68th National Film Awards Updates |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/68th-national-film-awards-live-here-are-all-the-winners/article65670011.ece |access-date=2023-01-27 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0EAEA"| [[Vishnu Govind]]
| ''[[Malik (film)|Malik]]''
| Malayalam
|-
| align="center" rowspan="3" | [[69th National Film Awards|2021 {{small|(69th)}}]]
! scope="row" style="background-color:#EBEBE0"| Arun Asok, Sonu KP
|''[[Chavittu]]''
|Malayalam
| align="center" rowspan="3" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=69th National Film Awards for the year 2021 announced |url=https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1951758 |access-date=2024-02-27 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0EAEA" | Aneesh Basu
|''[[Jhilli]]''
|Bengali
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0EAEA" | [[Sinoy Joseph]]
|''[[Sardar Udham]]''
|Hindi
|-
| align="center" rowspan="1" | [[70th National Film Awards|2022 {{small|(70th)}}]]
! scope="row" |[[Anand Krishnamoorthi]]
|''[[Ponniyin Selvan: I]]''
|Tamil
| align="center" rowspan="1"|<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2024 |title=70th National Film Awards for the year 2022 announced |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2045960 |access-date=8 October 2024 |website=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" rowspan="1" | [[71st National Film Awards|2023 {{small|(71st)}}]]
! scope="row" | Sachin Sudhakaran Hariharan Muralidharan
|''[[Animal (2023 Indian film)|Animal]]''
|Hindi
| align="center" rowspan="1"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=71st National Film Awards: Vikrant Massey Bags Best Actor For 12th Fail; All Winners Announced |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/71st-national-film-awards-vikrant-massey-competes-for-best-actor-announcement-begins-at-6-pm-ws-l-9478089.html |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://dff.nic.in/ Official Page for Directorate of Film Festivals, India]
* [http://dff.nic.in/NFA_archive.asp National Film Awards Archives]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090508040421/http://www.imdb.com/Sections/Awards/National_Film_Awards_India/ National Film Awards] at [[IMDb]]

{{National Film Awards}}

[[Category:National Film Awards (India)|Audiography]]

Nilkanth Master

2026-03-04T09:44:59Z

ShereeScotto4: Adding a stub nd citations - done

{{Short description|2015 Indian film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Nilkanth Master
| image = Nilkanth Master.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Gajendra Ahire]]
| producer = Meghmala Balbheem Pathare
| writer = Gajendra Ahire
| screenplay =
| story =
| starring = {{Plainlist|
*Omkar Govardhan
*[[Pooja Sawant]]
*[[Adinath Kothare]]
*[[Neha Mahajan]]
}}
| narrator =
| music = [[Ajay-Atul]]
| cinematography = Krishna Soren
| editing = Ballu Saluja
| studio = Akshar Films Pvt Ltd
| distributor = Indian Films Studios
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2015|08|07}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Nilkanth Master''''' is a 2015 Indian [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] film directed by [[Gajendra Ahire]], also provided screenplay story and dialogues. It is produced by Meghmala Balbheem Pathare under the banner of Akshar Films Pvt Ltd. The film stars Omkar Govardhan, [[Pooja Sawant]], [[Adinath Kothare]] and [[Neha Mahajan]]. The film was theatrically released on 7 August 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 June 2015 |title=‘निळकंठ मास्तर’|url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/first-look-of-nilkanth-master-1118492/lite/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120121518/http://web.archive.org/screenshot/https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/first-look-of-nilkanth-master-1118492/lite/ |archive-date=20 November 2022 |access-date=20 November 2022 |website= [[Loksatta]] |language=Marathi
}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Vishwanath joins a revolutionary group and earn trust of Vyankatesh who was planning a secret mission to loot.

Vyankatesh is shot in cross firing by English policemen and leaves a message for Yashoda with Vishwanath while dying.

Vishwanath is devastated by this incidence and goes to his family instead. His family is unhappy with his active participation in a revolutionary group. Local police Raosaheb asks him to come meet urgently and tells him about police coming to catch him.

He runs away from there, takes name as Nilkanth Master and moves to a village as a teacher. He sees Indu there who was now married to a mad but rich man. She was in love with Vishwanath before he moved to Mumbai and later joined the group.

Vishwanath aka Mastar meets Yashoda but cannot tell her that her fiancé died so he tells her that Vyankatesh is captured and is in some jail. He starts to have feelings while taking care of her when she falls ill.

Indu is jealous of Vishwanath seeing Yashoda and seduces him. Also tries to blackmail him about revealing his true identity. One of the servants overhears their conversation and gives a tip to police. While police attack, Vishwanath is asked to run away with Yashoda.

Yashoda then tries to go away alone when Vishwanath lies again saying Vyankatesh has run from jail and asked to look after her. To hide from police they take cover and start working as labours in a farm as a couple.

Police were still searching for them. One day Yashoda notices Vishwanath staring at her and is also questioned by other women about not having kids yet. She forces him to find out about the other folks in the movement which is when he leaves and finds a guy who tells him what happened since when they left.

In the gun-firing back at Indu's mansion, her father in law and Yashoda's father are killed. While police were trying to find evidence and collect information, Indu sets everything on fire including the mansion and herself. Vishwanath is devastated to know that and feels guilty about the fact he could not save anyone.

Yashoda on the other hand is almost caught by police but she kills one of them and runs from there for several days until reaching a safe house and starts living there as Fatima in a Muslim doctor's house.

Vishwanath comes back to take Yashoda but sees their farm owner being arrested and gets to know that their secret was revealed. He roams around looking for Yashoda and finally goes back home to see his father dead, mother not in her senses.

He decides to stay there and hide for a few days. Local police Raosaheb who helped him earlier, questions him about the purpose of the freedom fight. And Vishwanath gives him explanation on why he is fighting.

Cholera pandemic starts to spread like a wildfire and it catches to Vishwanath as well. While in the camp, Yashoda notices him being extremely unwell, takes care of him without thinking about her being exposed. Finally police arrest them both and send them in jail.

India becomes independent and they two meet again. Vishwanath finally tells her the truth and she also tells him that she respects his feelings about her but she would rather be a widow of Vyankatesh than be with him.

== Cast ==
* Omkar Govardhan as Vishwanath
* [[Adinath Kothare]] as Vyankatesh
* [[Neha Mahajan]] as Yashoda
* [[Pooja Sawant]] as Indu
* Rahul Solapurkar as police who is hunting Vishwanath
* [[Vikram Gokhale|Vikram Gokhle]] as freedom fighter also Indu's father in law
* Mangesh Pawar as servant and informant

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Nilkanth Master
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Ajay-Atul]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2015 <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 November 2022 |title=राज ठाकरेंनी केले 'निळकंठ मास्तर' फिल्मचे Music Launch, जावेद अलीचे केले कौतुक|url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/amp/news/BOL-MB-music-launch-of-marathi-film-nilkanth-master-5048827-PHO.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120105844/https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/amp/news/BOL-MB-music-launch-of-marathi-film-nilkanth-master-5048827-PHO.html |archive-date=20 November 2022 |access-date=20 November 2022 |website= [[DB Corp|Divya Marathi]] |language=Marathi
}}</ref>

| recorded = 2015
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 15:47
| language = Marathi
| label =
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year = 2014
| year = 2016
| next_title =
| next_year = 2015
| misc = {{external music video| header = Official audio
|{{YouTube|O6g-j3kH1KA| Nilkanth Master – Full Album}}
}}
}}

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 15:47
| title1 = Adhir Man Jhale
| extra1 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| length1 = 4:10
| title2 = Paratun Ye Na
| extra2 = [[Javed Ali]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| length2 = 3:11
| title3 = Kaunse Des Chala
| extra3 = [[Ajay-Atul]], Shreya Ghoshal
| length3 = 5:22
| title4 = Vande Mataram
| extra4 = [[Ajay-Atul]]
| length4 = 3:04
}}

==Reception ==
Mihir Bhanage of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave it 2 out of 5 stars, calling the film "The performances sustain the film but don't salvage it. The hastiness shows as the plot goes haywire. Better editing and implementation of the story could’ve made this a good watch but alas, it's not".<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2016 |title=NILKANTH MASTER MOVIE REVIEW|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/nilkanth-master/movie-review/48404036.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120120257/http://web.archive.org/screenshot/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/nilkanth-master/movie-review/48404036.cms |archive-date=20 November 2022 |access-date=20 November 2022 |website= [[The Times of India]] |language=English
}}</ref> Ganesh Matkari of ''[[Pune Mirror]]'' gave the film two and a half stars out of five and opining that "To sum it up, it is a mildly curious and yet annoying film, which starts off well but then gets lost. It's not entirely a waste of time but keep your expectations in check".<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2015 |title=Film Reviews: Mild dose of patriotism|url=https://punemirror.com/entertainment/marathi-reviews/film-reviews-mild-dose-of-patriotism/cid5088088.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120120935/http://web.archive.org/screenshot/https://punemirror.com/entertainment/marathi-reviews/film-reviews-mild-dose-of-patriotism/cid5088088.htm |archive-date=20 November 2022 |access-date=20 November 2022 |website= [[Pune Mirror]] |language=English
}}</ref> Soumitra Pote of ''[[Maharashtra Times]]'' rated the film 2.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "Art direction is also good. The point remains that if this was a love story, the bond between these three would have been much more fun if it had been explored separately keeping in mind the times".<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2015 |title=नीळकंठ मास्तर... स्वातंत्र्यापूर्वीची अधुरी प्रेमकहाणी|url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/neelkanth-master-marathi-cine-review/amp_moviereview/48381973.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120124248/http://web.archive.org/screenshot/https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/neelkanth-master-marathi-cine-review/amp_moviereview/48381973.cms |archive-date=20 November 2022 |access-date=20 November 2022 |website= [[Maharashtra Times]] |language=Marathi
}}</ref> Jayanti Waghdhare of ''[[Zee News]]'' rated the film 2.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "One thing that strikes in the movie is that since Nilkanth Master is a love story, it is difficult to tell how much justice has been done to the story and its characters".<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2015 |title=फिल्म रिव्ह्यू - निळकंठ मास्तर... क्रांतिकारकाची प्रेम कथा|url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/news/kallabaji/nilkanth-master-movie-review/281616/amp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120133727/https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/news/kallabaji/nilkanth-master-movie-review/281616/amp |archive-date=20 November 2022 |access-date=20 November 2022 |website= [[Zee News]] |language=Marathi
}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt5496754}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|m/nilkanth_master}}

[[Category:2015 films]]
[[Category:2015 Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ajay–Atul]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Indian romance films]]

America Ammayi (film)

2026-03-03T20:22:09Z

ShereeScotto4: new - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = America Ammayi
| image = America Ammayi film poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Singeetam Srinivasa Rao]]
| producer = Navata Krishnam Raju
| writer = [[Gollapudi Maruti Rao]] (dialogues)
| screenplay = Singeetam Srinivasa Rao
| story = [[A. P. Nagarajan]]
| starring = [[Devayani (dancer)|Annick Chaymotty]] [[Ranganath (actor)|Ranganath]] [[Unni Mary|Deepa]] [[Sreedhar]] [[Pandari Bai]]
| music = [[G. K. Venkatesh]]
| cinematography = [[Balu Mahendra]]
| editing = D. Vasu
| studio = Navata Arts
| distributor = 
| released = {{film date|1976|11|19|df=y}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''America Ammayi''''' ({{translation|American Girl}}) is a 1976 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language film directed by [[Singeetam Srinivasa Rao]], who co-wrote the screenplay with [[A. P. Nagarajan]]. The cross over film was based on the story of Telugu cultural importance in comparison to the western culture. French dancer Annick Chaymotty, known under her stage name [[Devayani (dancer)|Devayani]], acted in the main role.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=Mateen |date=14 April 2004 |title=Interview – Devayani : India's French Cultural Ambassador by Mateen Khan |url=http://narthaki.com/info/intervw/intrvw66.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070322212409/http://narthaki.com/info/intervw/intrvw66.html |archive-date=22 March 2007 |access-date=1 July 2015 |website=Narthaki.com}}</ref> She was learning [[Kuchipudi]] dance from [[Vempati Chinna Satyam]]. The film was a remake of the 1975 [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film ''[[Melnaattu Marumagal]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sri |date=13 May 2010 |title=Retro: America Ammaayi (1976) |url=http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/movieretrospect/retro_americaammayi1976_printer.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231014549/http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/movieretrospect/retro_americaammayi1976_printer.php |archive-date=31 December 2010 |access-date=24 September 2020 |website=[[Telugucinema.com]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=August 2021}}
Sridhar is an Indian youth staying in the United States. He marries an American woman Neena and brings her to India. His parents refuse to accept her into their house. Neena learns the Indian culture including language, dance and singing and impresses them. They finally accept her as their daughter-in-law.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[Devayani (dancer)|Annick Chaymotty]] as Neena/Meena
*[[Ranganath (actor)|Ranganath]] as Anand
*[[Unni Mary|Deepa]] as Sudha
*[[Sreedhar]] as Mohan
*[[Pandari Bai]] as Janaki
*[[Gummadi (actor)|Gummadi]]
*[[Kantha Rao]]
*[[Sarath Babu]] as Raju
*[[Raja Babu (actor)|Raja Babu]]
*[[Rama Prabha]]
}}

== Production ==
''America Ammayi'' was directed by Singeetam Srinivasa Rao and produced by N Krishnam Raju of Navata Arts. Cinematography is by [[Balu Mahendra]]. In the title card, the lead actress Annick Chaymotty alias Devayani is erroneously credited as Anna Koria/Devayani.<ref name="The Hindu">{{Cite web |last=Narasimham |first=M L |date=12 November 2018 |title=Transcending borders |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/aananda-taandavamaade-from-america-ammayi-brings-back-memories-of-crossing-cultural-differences-through-dance/article25475311.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210523060720/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/aananda-taandavamaade-from-america-ammayi-brings-back-memories-of-crossing-cultural-differences-through-dance/article25475311.ece |archive-date=23 May 2021 |access-date=23 May 2021 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music of the film was composed by [[G. K. Venkatesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2006 |title=Master of the Arts II – Singeetham's Films – An Analysis |url=http://passionforcinema.com/master-of-the-arts-ii-singeethams-films-an-analysis/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100202071707/http://passionforcinema.com/master-of-the-arts-ii-singeethams-films-an-analysis/ |archive-date=2 February 2010 |access-date=26 March 2010 |website=Passion for Cinema}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=America Ammayi (1976)-Song_Booklet |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/CKO/info |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240613031055/https://indiancine.ma/documents/CKO/info |archive-date=13 June 2024 |access-date=9 July 2021 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref> The song "Oka Venuvu Vinipinchenu" marks the playback singing debut of [[G. Anand]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Narasimham |first=M L |date=16 October 2017 |title=The rise of G Anand |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/his-debut-song-oka-venuvu-became-singer-g-anands-career-best-ever-in-his-career/article19871128.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523070109/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/his-debut-song-oka-venuvu-became-singer-g-anands-career-best-ever-in-his-career/article19871128.ece |archive-date=23 May 2021 |access-date=23 May 2021 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> G.K. Venkatesh reused the tune of "Kannanchina Ee Maatali" <ref>https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=j9iucL4YHYU&pp=0gcJCR4Bo7VqN5tD</ref> from his 1975 Kannada movie ''[[Daari Tappida Maga]]'' as "Oka Venuvu Vinipinchenu" <ref>https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=cLOyDwFFkdc&pp=0gcJCR4Bo7VqN5tD</ref> in this movie.

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| title1 = Aame Thoti Matundi
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
| lyrics1 = Mailavarapu Gopi
| length1 =
| title2 = Ananda Tandavamade Shivudu
| extra2 = [[P. Susheela]]
| lyrics2 = [[C. Narayana Reddy]]
| length2 =
| title3 = Jilibili Siggula
| extra3 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[Vani Jairam]]
| lyrics3 =
| length3 =
| title4 = Oka Venuvu Vinipinchenu Anuraga Geethika
| extra4 = [[G. Anand]]
| lyrics4 = Mailavarapu Gopi
| length4 =
| title5 = Paadana Tenugu Paata Paravasamai Nee Eduta Mee Paata
| extra5 = [[P. Susheela]]
| lyrics5 = [[Devulapalli Krishnasastri]]
| length5 =
| title6 = Tell Me, Tell Me, Tell Me
| extra6 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[S. Janaki]]
| lyrics6 = [[Aarudhra]]
| length6 =
}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0264353}}

{{Singeetam Srinivasa Rao}}

[[Category:1976 Indian films]]
[[Category:1976 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1976 films]]
[[Category:Films about women in the Indian diaspora]]
[[Category:Films directed by Singeetam Srinivasa Rao]]
[[Category:Films scored by G. K. Venkatesh]]
[[Category:Films set in St. Louis]]
[[Category:Films shot in India]]
[[Category:Films shot in New York City]]
[[Category:Foreign films set in the United States]]
[[Category:Indian films set in New York City]]
[[Category:Telugu remakes of Tamil films]]

Shaadi Mubarak (film)

2026-03-03T09:17:15Z

ShereeScotto4: made a entry w/ infobox - done

{{Short description|2021 Telugu-language Indian film}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Shaadi Mubarak
| image = Shaadi Mubarak (film).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Padmasri
| writer = Padmasri
| based_on =
| producer = [[Dil Raju]] Shirish
| starring = {{ubl|[[Sagar (actor)|Sagar]]|[[Drishya Raghunath]]}}
| music = [[Sunil Kashyap]]
| editing = Madhu
| cinematography = Srikanth Naroj
| studio = [[Sri Venkateswara Creations]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2021|03|05}}
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}
'''''Shaadi Mubarak''''' is a 2021 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[romantic comedy]] film directed by Padmasri and starring [[Sagar (actor)|Sagar]] and [[Drishya Raghunath]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://telugu.samayam.com/tv/news/chakravakam-serial-fans-support-to-rk-naidu-sagar-shaadi-mubarak-movie/articleshow/81350582.cms|title=RK Naidu: 'మొగలిరేకులు' ఫ్యాన్స్‌ని థియేటర్స్‌కి రప్పిస్తున్న ఆర్కే నాయుడు 'షాదీ ముబారక్'.. వారెవ్వా ఏమి క్రేజ్|website=Samayam Telugu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/telugu/entertainment/shaadi-mubarak-trailer-sagar-rk-naidu-drishya-raghunath-director-padmasri-producer-dil-raju-40797|title=Shaadi Mubarak Trailer: షాదీ ముబారక్ ట్రైలర్.. సెక్స్ కోసమే పెళ్లి అంటున్న హీరోయిన్|date=25 February 2021|website=Zee News Telugu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://telugu.samayam.com/telugu-movies/cinema-news/sagar-rk-naidu-superb-speech-at-shaadi-mubarak-trailer-launch-event/articleshow/81214406.cms|title=పవర్ స్టార్ సినిమా ఎప్పుడేసినా చూస్తారు.. మాలాంటి వాళ్లకు అలా కాదు: ఆర్కే నాయుడు|website=Samayam Telugu}}</ref>

The film was released on 5 March 2021.

==Plot==
{{Expand section|September 2025|date=September 2025}}
Madhav, an introverted software employee, is compelled to meet 3 prospective brides arranged by a marriage bureau run by Jayamma. Satyabhama, daughter of Jayamma, a happy, go-lucky girl has to accompany Madhav in meeting his matrimonial alliances. During the journey, they find love in each other, yet, they don't express it. The story takes new turns with each future bride they meet.

== Cast ==
*[[Sagar (actor)|Sagar]] as Sunnipenta Madhav
*[[Drishya Raghunath]] as Sathyabhama
*[[Banerjee (actor)|Banerjee]]
*[[Priyadarshini Ram]]
*RJ Hemanth
*[[Rahul Ramakrishna]]
*[[Shatru (actor)|Shatru]]
*[[Ajay Ghosh]]
*[[Rajashree (actress)|Rajashree]]
*Bhadra
*[[Hema (actress)|Hema]]

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote that "It is the film’s simple take on life and love that makes it an entertaining watch. The film doesn’t take itself or its subject too seriously, keeping it light and frothy at all times".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/tollywood-movie-review/shaadi-mubarak-movie-review-a-light-and-frothy-rom-com-7215944/|title=Shaadi Mubarak movie review: A light and frothy rom-com|first=Gabbeta Ranjith|last=Kumar|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=5 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sakshi |title=‘షాదీ ముబారక్‌’ మూవీ రివ్యూ |url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/shadi-mubarak-telugu-movie-review-and-rating-1348047 |accessdate=25 April 2021 |work=Sakshi |date=6 March 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425082027/https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/shadi-mubarak-telugu-movie-review-and-rating-1348047 |archivedate=25 April 2021 |language=te |url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2021 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:2021 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2021 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]

Samaveda

2026-02-27T23:03:54Z

ShereeScotto4: Article updated with improved flow

{{Short description|Veda of melodies and chants}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}
{{Infobox religious text
| religion = [[Historical Vedic religion]] [[Hinduism]]
| image = [[File:Four vedas.jpg|Four vedas|280px]]
| alt = Four Vedas
| language = [[Vedic Sanskrit]]
| caption = Four Vedas
| period = [[Vedic period]] ([[Wiktionary:circa|c.]] 1200-900 BCE){{sfn|Witzel|2001|p=6}}
| chapters = 6 adhyayas
| sutras =
| verses = 1,875 mantras<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sites.google.com/a/vedicgranth.org/www/what_are_vedic_granth/the-four-veda/interpretation-and-more/construction-of-the-vedas?mobile=true |title=Construction of the Vedas |website=VedicGranth.Org |access-date=3 July 2020 |archive-date=17 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717035126/https://sites.google.com/a/vedicgranth.org/www/what_are_vedic_granth/the-four-veda/interpretation-and-more/construction-of-the-vedas?mobile=true |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|background=#FFC569}}
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| width = 320
| footer = Samaveda is a Hindu scripture in the Vedic Sanskrit language. Samaveda manuscripts exist in many Indic scripts. Above: [[Devanagari]], Below: [[Grantha script|Grantha]].
| image1 = 1636 CE Samaveda, Sadvimsha Brahmana, Varanasi Sanskrit college, Edward Cowell collection, sample iii, Sanskrit, Devanagari.jpg
| image2 = 1863 CE palm leaf manuscript, Jaiminiya Aranyaka Gana, Samaveda (unidentified layer of texts), Sanskrit, Southern Grantha script, Malayali scribe Kecavan, sample ii.jpg
}}

{{Italic title}}The '''''Samaveda''''' or '''''Sama Veda'''''<ref>John Stevenson, {{Google books|Q8VVAAAAcAAJ|Translation of the Sanhita of the Sama Veda|page=PR12}}, page XII</ref> ({{langx|sa|[[wikt:सामवेद|सामवेद]]}}, {{IAST3|Sāmaveda}}, from ''[[wikt:सामन्|सामन्]]'', "song" and ''[[wikt:वेद|वेद]]'', "knowledge"), is the Veda of melodies and chants.<ref name=staal107/> It is an ancient [[Vedic Sanskrit]] text, and is one of the sacred scriptures in [[Hinduism]]. One of the four [[Vedas]], it is a liturgical text which consists of 1,875 verses. All but 75 verses have been taken from the [[Rigveda]].<ref name=witzelsamaveda/> Three recensions of the ''Samaveda'' have survived, and variant manuscripts of the Veda have been found in various parts of [[India]].<ref name=rgriffith/><ref name=hastings/>

While its earliest parts are believed to date from as early as the [[Rigveda|Rigvedic]] period, the existing [[samhita]] text dates from the post-Rigvedic Mantra period of [[Vedic Sanskrit]], between c. 1200 and 1000 BCE or "slightly rather later," roughly contemporary with the [[Atharvaveda]] and the [[Yajurveda]].{{sfn|Witzel|2001|p=6}}{{sfn|Dalal|2014|loc="The Rig Veda is considered later than the Rig Veda"}} Along with the Samhita layer of text, the ''Samaveda'' includes [[Brahmana]] texts, and a final layer of the text that covers philosophical speculations ([[Upanishads]]). These layers of the compilation date from the post-Rigvedic Mantra period of [[Vedic Sanskrit]], likely around the 6th century BCE.<ref> Patrick Olivelle (2014), The Early Upanishads, Oxford University Press; ISBN 978-0195124354, pp. 12-13 </ref>

Embedded inside the ''Samaveda'' are the widely studied ''[[Chandogya Upanishad]]'' and ''[[Kena Upanishad]]''. These Upanishads are considered as primary Upanishads and have had influence on the six schools of [[Hindu philosophy]], particularly the [[Vedanta]] school.<ref name=maxmullerfull/> The Samaveda laid important foundations for subsequent Indian music.<ref name=guybeck107/>

In the ''[[Bhagavad Gita]]'', ch.10 v.22 [[Krishna]] says 'Among the Vedas I am the Samaveda'.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vyasa |first=Ved |title=Bhagavad Gita 10.22 - Chapter 10 Verse 22 in Hindi & English |url=https://bhagavadgita.com/chapter/10/verse/22 |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=Bhagavad Gita |language=en}}</ref>

==Dating and historical context==
[[Michael Witzel]] states that there is no absolute dating for Samaveda and other Vedic texts.<ref name=mwitzel68/> He estimates the composition of the [[samhita]] layer of the text chronologically after the Rigveda, and in the likely range of 1200 to 1000 BCE, roughly contemporary with the [[Atharvaveda]] and the [[Yajurveda]].<ref name=mwitzel68>Michael Witzel (2003), "Vedas and Upaniṣads", in The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism (Editor: Gavin Flood), Blackwell, {{ISBN|0-631215352}}, pages 68-70</ref>{{sfn|Witzel|2001|p=6}}{{sfn|Dalal|2014|loc="The Rig Veda is considered later than the Rig Veda"}}

There were about a dozen styles of Samavedic chanting. Of the three surviving versions, the Jaiminiya preserves the oldest surviving tradition of Samavedic chanting.<ref name=brunonettle>Bruno Nettl, Ruth M. Stone, James Porter and Timothy Rice (1999), The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Routledge, {{ISBN|978-0824049461}}, pages 242-245</ref>

==Text==
[[Image:Early Vedic Culture (1700-1100 BCE).png|thumb|upright=1.5|Geography of the Early Vedic period. Samaveda recensions from the '''Kauthuma''' (north India) and '''Jaiminiya''' (central India) regions are among those that have survived, and their manuscripts have been found in different parts of India.]]
The ''Samaveda'' is the Veda of Chants, or "storehouse of knowledge of chants".<ref>Frits Staal (2009), Discovering the Vedas: Origins, Mantras, Rituals, Insights, Penguin, {{ISBN|978-0143099864}}, page xvi-xvii, Quote: "The Vedas are an Oral Tradition and that applies especially to two of the four: the Veda of the Verse (Rigveda) and the Veda of Chants (Samaveda). (...) The Vedas are not a religion in any of the many senses of that widespread term. They have always been regarded as storehouses of knowledge, that is: ''veda''."</ref> According to [[Frits Staal]], it is "the [[Rigveda]] set to music".<ref name=fritsstaal4>Frits Staal (2009), Discovering the Vedas: Origins, Mantras, Rituals, Insights, Penguin, {{ISBN|978-0143099864}}, pages 4-5</ref> It is a fusion of older melodies (''sāman'') and the Rig verses.<ref name=fritsstaal4/> It has far fewer verses than Rigveda,<ref name=hastings>James Hastings, {{Google book|5D4TAAAAYAAJ|Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics}}, Vol. 7, Harvard Divinity School, TT Clark, pages 51-56</ref> but Samaveda is textually larger because it lists all the chant- and rituals-related score modifications of the verses.<ref name=fritsstaal4/>

The Samaveda text contains notated melodies, and these are probably the world's oldest surviving ones.<ref name=brunonettle/> The musical notation is written usually immediately above, sometimes within, the line of Samaveda text, either in syllabic or a numerical form depending on the Samavedic ''Sakha'' (school).<ref>KR Norman (1979), Sāmavedic Chant by Wayne Howard (Book Review), Modern Asian Studies, Vol. 13, No. 3, page 524; Wayne Howard (1977), Samavedic Chant, Yale University Press, {{ISBN|978-0300019568}}</ref>

===Recensions===
[[R. T. H. Griffith]] says that there are three recensions of the text of the Samaveda Samhita:<ref name=rgriffith>Griffith, R. T. H. ''The {{IAST|Sāmaveda Saṃhitā}}'', {{ISBN|978-1419125096}}, page vi</ref>
* the [[Kauthuma Samhita|''Kauthuma'' recension]] is current in [[Gujarat]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Odisha]], [[West Bengal]], and for a few decades in [[Darbhanga]], [[Bihar]],
* the {{IAST|Rāṇāyanīya}} in the [[Maharashtra]], [[Karnataka]], [[Gokarna, India|Gokarna]], a few parts of [[Odisha]], [[Andhra Pradesh]],
* and the ''Jaiminiya'' in [[Karnataka]], [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Kerala]].

===Organization===
The Samaveda comprises two major parts. The first part includes four melody collections and the second part three verse "books" .<ref name=witzelsamaveda/> A melody in the song books corresponds to a verse in the ''arcika'' books.<ref name=witzelsamaveda/> The ''Gana'' collection is subdivided into ''Gramageya'' and ''Aranyageya'', while the ''Arcika'' portion is subdivided into ''Purvarcika'' and ''Uttararcika'' portions.<ref name=guybeck/> The Purvarcika portion of the text has 585 single stanza verses and is organized in order of deities, while the Uttararcika text is ordered by rituals.<ref name=guybeck/> The Gramageya melodies are those for public recitations, while Aranyageya melodies are for personal meditative use such as in the solitude of a forest.<ref name=guybeck/> Typically, stanzas from the Purvarcika collection were sung to melodies described in the Gramageya-Gānas index, and the rules of how the verses mapped to verses is described in the Sanskrit texts such as the ''Puspasutra''.<ref name=guybeck>Guy Beck (1993), Sonic Theology: Hinduism and Sacred Sound, University of South Carolina Press, {{ISBN|978-0872498556}}, page 230 note 85</ref>

Just as in the Rigveda, the early sections of Samaveda typically begin with Agni and Indra hymns but shift to abstract speculations and philosophy, and their meters shift as well, in a descending order.<ref name=witzelsamaveda/> The later sections of the Samaveda, states Witzel, have the least deviation from substance of hymns they derive from Rigveda into songs.<ref name=witzelsamaveda/> The purpose of the Samaveda was liturgical, and it was the repertoire of the [[udgatr|''{{IAST|udgātṛ}}'']] or "singer" priests.<ref name=witzelsamaveda/>

The Samaveda, like other Vedas, contains several layers of text, with the [[Samhita]] being the oldest and the [[Upanishads]] the youngest layer.<ref name=staal74/>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Samaveda<ref name=staal74>Frits Staal (2009), Discovering the Vedas: Origins, Mantras, Rituals, Insights, Penguin, {{ISBN|978-0143099864}}, pages 80, 74-81</ref>
|-
! Vedic School!![[Brahmana]]!![[Upanishad]]s!! Shrauta Sutras
|-
| Kauthuma-Ranayaniya|| [[Panchavimsha Brahmana]]|| [[Chandogya Upanishad]] || Latyayana Drahyayana
|-
| Jaiminiya or Talavakara|| Jaiminiya || [[Kena Upanishad]] Jaiminiya Upanishad || Jaiminiya
|}

===Analytics===
The Samaveda consists of 1,549 unique verses, taken almost entirely from the Rigveda, except for 75 verses.<ref name=witzelsamaveda>[[Michael Witzel]] (1997), "[http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~witzel/canon.pdf The Development of the Vedic Canon and its Schools : The Social and Political Milieu]" in ''Inside the Texts, Beyond the Texts: New Approaches to the Study of the Vedas'', Harvard University Press, pages = 269-270</ref><ref>Axel Michaels (2004), Hinduism: Past and Present, Princeton University Press, {{ISBN|0-691-08953-1}}, page 51</ref> The largest number of verses comes from Books 9 and 8 of the Rigveda.<ref name=mwitzel76>Michael Witzel (2003), "Vedas and Upaniṣads", in The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism (Editor: Gavin Flood), Blackwell, {{ISBN|0-631215352}}, page 76</ref> Some of the Rigvedic verses are repeated more than once. Including these repetitions, there are 1,875 verses in total numbered in the Samaveda recension translated by Griffith.<ref>For 1875 total verses, see numbering given in Ralph T. H. Griffith. Griffith's introduction mentions the recension history for his text. Repetitions may be found by consulting the cross-index in Griffith pp. 491-99.</ref>

==Contents==
{{Hindu scriptures}}
The Samaveda [[Samhita]] is not meant to be ''read'' as a text, it is like a musical score sheet that must be ''heard''.<ref name=staal107>Frits Staal (2009), Discovering the Vedas: Origins, Mantras, Rituals, Insights, Penguin, {{ISBN|978-0143099864}}, pages 107-112</ref>

Staal states that the melodies likely existed before the verses in ancient India, and the words of the Rigveda verses were mapped onto those pre-existing melodies, because some early words fit and flow, while later words do not quite fit the melody in the same verse.<ref name=staal107/> The text uses creative structures, called ''Stobha'', to help embellish, transform or play with the words so that they better fit into a desired musical harmony.<ref>R Simon and JM van der Hoogt, [http://www.ibiblio.org/guruguha/MusicResearchLibrary/Books-English/BkE-Faddegon-StudiesOnTheSamaveda-1951-0022.pdf Studies on the Samaveda] North Holland Publishing Company, pages 47-54, 61-67</ref><ref>Frits Staal (1996), Ritual and Mantras, Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120814127}}, pages 209-221</ref> Some verses add in meaningless sounds of a lullaby, for probably the same reason, remarks Staal.<ref name=staal107/> Thus the contents of the Samaveda represent a tradition and a creative synthesis of music, sounds, meaning, and spirituality; the text was not entirely a sudden inspiration.<ref name=staal107/>

The portion of the first song of Samaveda illustrates the link and mapping of Rigvedic verses onto a melodic chant:<ref name=staal107/>
[[File:Veena.png|thumb|The [[veena]] (''vīṇā'') is mentioned in Samaveda.<ref>Guy Beck (1993), Sonic Theology: Hinduism and Sacred Sound, University of South Carolina Press, {{ISBN|978-0872498556}}, pages 107-109</ref>]]

{{Quote|
<poem>
अग्न आ याहि वीतये – [[Rigveda]] 6.16.10<ref>[https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/ऋग्वेद:_सूक्तं_६.१६ ६.१६ ॥१०॥] Wikisource, Rigveda 6.16.10; Sanskrit: '''अग्न आ याहि वीतये''' गृणानो हव्यदातये <nowiki>।</nowiki> नि होता सत्सि बर्हिषि <nowiki>॥१०॥</nowiki></ref>
Agna ā yāhi vītaye

Samaveda transformation (Jaiminiya manuscript):
o gnā i / ā yā hi vā i / tā yā i tā yā i /

Translation:
O [[Agni]], come to the feast.
</poem>
|Samaveda 1.1.1|Translated by [[Frits Staal]]<ref name=staal107/>}}Multiple melodies were created by clans of sages from a Yonimantra, which is a base Mantra for Sama Chanting. Gautama's Parka was one such example cited by Dr. Damodar Satwalekar in his book Samveda.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Illustration on Samveda Musical Notes|date=August 2020|url=https://sheetaluwach.com/veda-samveda-marathi/}}</ref>

===Upanishads===
Two primary Upanishads of Hinduism are embedded inside the Samaveda – the Chandogya Upanishad and the Kena Upanishad. Both are notable for the lifting metric melodic structure, but it is the Chandogya which has played a historic role in the evolution of various schools of [[Hindu philosophy]]. The embedded philosophical premises in the Chandogya Upanishad have, for example, served as foundation for the [[Vedanta]] school of Hinduism.<ref name=maxmullerfull>Max Muller, [https://archive.org/stream/upanishads01ml#page/n93/mode/2up Chandogya Upanishad], The Upanishads, Part I, Oxford University Press, pages LXXXVI-LXXXIX, 1-144 with footnotes</ref> It is one of the most cited texts in later ''Bhasyas'' (reviews and commentaries) by scholars from the various schools of Hinduism. [[Adi Shankara]], for example, cited the Chandogya Upanishad 810 times in his ''Vedanta Sutra Bhasya'', more than any other ancient text.<ref>Paul Deussen, The System of Vedanta, {{ISBN|978-1432504946}}, pages 30-31</ref>

====Chandogya Upanishad====
{{main|Chandogya Upanishad}}
The Chandogya Upanishad belongs to the ''Tandya'' school of the Samaveda.<ref name=patrickolivellepreface/> Like the [[Brhadaranyaka Upanishad]], the Chandogya Upanishad is an anthology of texts that must have pre-existed as separate texts, and were edited into a larger text by one or more ancient Indian scholars.<ref name=patrickolivellepreface>Patrick Olivelle (2014), The Early Upanishads, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|978-0195124354}}, page 166-169</ref> The precise chronology of the Chandogya Upanishad is uncertain, but it is the youngest layer of text in the Samaveda, and it is variously dated to have been composed by the 8th to 6th centuries BCE in India.<ref name=olivelleintro>Patrick Olivelle (2014), The Early Upanishads, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|978-0195124354}}, page 12-13</ref><ref name=stephenphillips>Stephen Phillips (2009), Yoga, Karma, and Rebirth: A Brief History and Philosophy, Columbia University Press, {{ISBN|978-0231144858}}, Chapter 1</ref>

The Chandogya text combines a metric, melodic structure with a wide range of speculations and philosophical topics. The eighth and ninth chapters of the first book, for example, describe a debate between three men proficient in ''Udgitha'', about the origins and support of ''Udgitha.''<ref name=roberthume19>Robert Hume, [https://archive.org/stream/thirteenprincipa028442mbp#page/n205/mode/2up Chandogya Upanishad] 1.8.7 - 1.8.8, The Thirteen Principal Upanishads, Oxford University Press, pages 185-186</ref> The text summarizes their discussion as,

{{quote|
<poem>
What is the origin of this world?<ref name=maxmuller19>Max Muller, [https://archive.org/stream/upanishads01ml#page/n127/mode/2up Chandogya Upanishad 1.9.1], The Upanishads, Part I, Oxford University Press, page 17 with footnote 1</ref>
Space, said he. Verily, all things here arise out of space. They disappear back into space, for space alone is greater than these, space is the final goal.
This is the most excellent ''Udgitha''. This is endless. The most excellent is his, the most excellent worlds does he win, who, knowing it thus, reveres the most excellent ''Udgitha'' ([[Om]], {{large|ॐ}}).
</poem>
|Chandogya Upanishad 1.9.1-1.9.2<ref name=roberthume19/>}}

Max Muller notes that the term "space" above, was later asserted in the Vedanta Sutra verse 1.1.22 to be a symbolic of the Vedic concept of [[Brahman]].<ref name=maxmuller19/> Paul Deussen explains the term ''Brahman'' means the "creative principle which lies realized in the whole world".<ref>Paul Deussen, Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120814684}}, page 91</ref> The text discusses [[Dharma]] and many other topics:

{{Quote|
<poem>
There are three branches of [[Dharma]] (righteous life, duty): [[Yajna]] (sacrifice), [[Svādhyāya]] (self study) and [[Dāna]] (charity) are the first,
[[Tapas (Sanskrit)|Tapas]] (austerity, meditation) is the second, while dwelling as a [[Brahmacharya]] for education in the house of a teacher is the third,
All three achieve the blessed worlds. But the ''Brahmasamstha'' – one who is firmly grounded in Brahman – alone achieves immortality.
</poem>
|Chandogya Upanishad 2.23.1<ref name=gjha223>[https://archive.org/stream/Shankara.Bhashya-Chandogya.Upanishad-Ganganath.Jha.1942.English#page/n117/mode/2up Chandogya Upanishad with Shankara Bhashya] Ganganath Jha (Translator), pages 103-116</ref><ref name=maxmuller223>Max Muller, [https://archive.org/stream/upanishads01ml#page/34/mode/2up Chandogya Upanishad Twenty Third Khanda], The Upanishads, Part I, Oxford University Press, page 35 with footnote</ref><ref name=pauldeussen223>Paul Deussen, Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120814684}}, pages 97-98 with preface and footnotes</ref>}}

====Kena Upanishad====
{{main|Kena Upanishad}}

The Kena Upanishad is embedded inside the last section of the ''Talavakara Brahmanam'' recension of the Samaveda.<ref>Johnston, Charles (1920-1931), The Mukhya Upanishads, Kshetra Books, {{ISBN|9781495946530}} (Reprinted in 2014)</ref><ref>Paul Deussen, Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120814684}}, pages 207-213</ref> It is much shorter, but it too delves into philosophical and spiritual questions like the Chandogya Upanishad. In the fourth chapter, the Kena Upanishad states, for example, that all beings have an innate longing for spiritual knowledge, for self-awareness.<ref name=pauldeussen208>Paul Deussen, Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120814684}}, page 208</ref> This knowledge of Atman-Brahman is ''Tadvanam'' (transcendental happiness, blissfulness).<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/kena-upanishad00xxxxuoft#page/31/mode/2up Kena Upanishad] Mantra 6, G Prasadji (Translator), pages 32-33</ref> In its final paragraphs, the Kena Upanishad asserts ethical life as the foundation of self-knowledge and of Atman-Brahman.

{{Quote|
[[Tapas (Sanskrit)|Tapas]],<ref>Meditation, Penance, Inner heat, See: WO Kaelber (1976), "Tapas", Birth, and Spiritual Rebirth in the Veda, History of Religions, 15(4), pages 343-386</ref> [[Temperance (virtue)#Hinduism|Damah]],<ref>Self-restraint, see: M Heim (2005), Differentiations in Hindu ethics, in William Schweiker (Editor), The Blackwell companion to religious ethics, {{ISBN|0631216340}}, pages 341-354</ref> Work - these are the foundations, the Vedas are the limbs of the same, the [[Satya|Truth]] is its fulcrum.
|Kena Upanishad, 4.8 (paragraph 33)<ref name=pauldeussen34>Paul Deussen, Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120814684}}, pages 211-213</ref>}}

==Manuscripts and translations==
The Kauthuma recension has been published (Samhita, Brahmana, Shrautasutra and ancillary Sutras, mainly by B.R. Sharma), parts of the Jaiminiya tradition remain unpublished.<ref>A. Parpola. The literature and study of the Jaiminīya Sāmaveda. In retrospect and prospect. Studia Orientalia XLIII:6. Helsinki 1973</ref> There is an edition of the first part of the Samhita by W. Caland<ref>W. Caland, Die Jaiminīya-Saṃhitā mit einer Einleitung über die Sāmaveda-literatur. Breslau 1907</ref> and of the Brahmana by Raghu Vira and Lokesh Chandra,<ref>Raghu Vira and Lokesh Chandra. 1954. Jaiminīya-Brāhmaṇa of the Sāmaveda. (Sarasvati-Vihara Series 31.) Nagpur. 2nd revised ed., Delhi 1986</ref> as well as the neglected Upanishad,<ref>H. Oertel. The Jaiminīya or Talavakāra Upaniṣad Brāhmaṇa. Text, translation, and notes. JAOS 16,1895, 79–260</ref> but only parts of the Shrautasutra. The song books remain unpublished.<ref>A. Parpola. The decipherment of the Samavedic notation of the Jaiminīyas. Finnish Oriental Society 1988</ref>

A German edition of Samaveda was published in 1848 by [[Theodor Benfey]],<ref>Theodor Benfey, [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_0C_oEB7TkVgC#page/n3/mode/2up Die Hymnen des Samaveda] FA Brockhaus, Leipzig</ref> and Satyavrata Samashrami published an edited Sanskrit version in 1873.<ref>Satyavrata Samashrami, {{Google books| i9dRAAAAcAAJ|Sama Veda Sanhita}}</ref> A Russian translation was published by [[Filipp Fortunatov]] in 1875.<ref>{{Citation |last=издание |first=дореволюционное |title=Русский: Фортунатов Ф Ф Самаведа Араняка Самхита 1875.pdf |date=1875 |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%A4_%D0%A4_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0_1875.pdf&page=4 |access-date=2024-12-05}}</ref> An English translation was published by [[Ralph T. H. Griffith|Ralph Griffith]] in 1893.<ref>Griffith, Ralph T. H. ''The {{IAST|Sāmaveda Saṃhitā}}''. Text, Translation, Commentary & Notes in English. Translated by Ralph T. H. Griffith. First published 1893; Revised and enlarged edition, enlarged by Nag Sharan Singh and Surendra Pratap, 1991 (Nag Publishers: Delhi, 1991) {{ISBN|81-7081-244-5}}; This edition provides the text in [[Devanagari]] with full metrical marks needed for chanting.</ref> A translation in Hindi by Mridul Kirti called "Samveda Ka Hindi Padyanuvad" has also been published recently.{{citation needed|date=September 2015}}

The Samaveda text has not received as much attention as the Rigveda, because outside of the musical novelty and melodic creativity, the substance of all but 75 verses of the text have predominantly been derived from the Rigveda. A study of Rigveda suffices.<ref>SW Jamison and M Witzel (1992), [http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~witzel/vedica.pdf Vedic Hinduism], Harvard University, page 8</ref>

==Cultural influence==
The Indian classical music and dance, states Guy Beck, is rooted in the sonic and musical dimensions of the Sama Veda, along with the Upanishads and Agamas.<ref name=guybeck107/> The Samaveda, in addition to singing and chanting, mentions instruments. The rules and suggestions for playing various instruments form a separate compilation, called the ''Gandharva-Veda'', and this Upaveda is attached to the Samaveda.<ref name=guybeck107/><ref>H Falk (1992), Samaveda und Gandharva (German language), in Ritual, State, and History in South Asia (Editors: Heesterman et al), BRILL, {{ISBN|978-9004094673}}, pages 141-158</ref> The structure and theory of chants in the Samaveda have inspired the organizing principle for Indian classical arts and performances, and this root has been widely acknowledged by musicologists dealing with the history of Indian music.<ref name=guybeck107/><ref>SS Janaki (1985), The role of Sanskrit in the Development of Indian Music, Journal of the Music Academy, Vol. 56, pages 67, 66-97</ref>

{{Quote|
Our music tradition [Indian] in the North as well as in the South, remembers and cherishes its origin in the Samaveda... the musical version of the Rigveda.
|V. Raghavan|<ref name=guybeck107>Guy Beck (1993), Sonic Theology: Hinduism and Sacred Sound, University of South Carolina Press, {{ISBN|978-0872498556}}, pages 107-108</ref>}}

==See also==
* [[Hinduism]]
* [[Historical Vedic religion]]
* [[Rigveda]]
* [[Vedas]]

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin}}

* {{cite book |last1=Dalal |first1=Rosen |year=2014 |title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-8184752779 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC}}

* {{citation | last =Witzel | first =Michael | year =1997| chapter =The Development of the Vedic Canon and its Schools: The Social and Political Milieu | editor-last =Witzel | editor-first =Michael | title =Inside the Texts, Beyond the Texts: New Approaches to the Study of the Vedas | series =Harvard Oriental Series, Opera Minora; vol. 2| publisher =Harvard University Press | location =Cambridge | author-link =Michael Witzel| chapter-url =https://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~witzel/canon.pdf}}
* {{Citation | last=Witzel | first=Michael |year=2001 | title=Autochthonous Aryans? The Evidence from Old Indian and Iranian Texts | journal=Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=1–115 | url=http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~witzel/EJVS-7-3.pdf}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{wikisourcelang|sa|सामवेदः|Samaveda (original Sanskrit text)}}
{{wikiquote|Sama Veda}}
* [[Ralph T. H. Griffith|Ralph Griffith]], [http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/sv.htm ''Hymns of the Samaveda''] 1895, full text, (online at sacred-texts.com)
* [http://www.vedchant.com/#sama Veda Prasar Samiti (MP3 examples of vedic chants)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303170034/http://www.vedchant.com/#sama |date=3 March 2016 }}
* [http://www.sanskritweb.net/samaveda/ Samaveda Song Books in Devanagari with svara marks and musical notes file for download]
* [https://hinduism4u.com/samaveda/ 7 swaras in samaveda]

{{Hindudharma}}

[[Category:Vedas]]
[[Category:Indian poetics]]
[[Category:Music of India]]
[[Category:Libation]]
[[Category:Hindu texts]]

Aditya Raj Kapoor

2026-02-24T16:53:31Z

ShereeScotto4: quick update

{{Short description|Indian actor and filmmaker}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Aditya Raj Kapoor
| image =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1956|7|1}}
| birth_place = [[Bombay]], [[Bombay State]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| other_names =
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|director|producer|screenwriter|businessman|author}}
| spouse = {{marriage|Priti Kapoor|1982}}
| children = 2
| years_active = 1973-present
| father = [[Shammi Kapoor]]
| mother = [[Geeta Bali]]
| family = [[Kapoor family|Kapoor]]
}}

'''Aditya Raj Kapoor''' (born 1 July 1956) is an Indian actor, filmmaker, author and retired businessman. Born into the [[Kapoor family]], he is the son of actors [[Shammi Kapoor]] and [[Geeta Bali]].

==Early life==
Kapoor was born on 1 July 1956 in [[Bombay]], the capital city of the [[India]]n state of [[Maharashtra]].<ref name="Presley" /><ref>{{cite news|author1=Indo-Asian News Service|author-link=Indo-Asian News Service|title=Father was a lively person: Aditya Raj Kapoor|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/my-father-was-a-lively-person-shammi-kapoors-son/175628-8-66.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104193922/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/my-father-was-a-lively-person-shammi-kapoors-son/175628-8-66.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 November 2012|access-date=11 December 2014|publisher=[[CNN-IBN]]|date=14 August 2011|location=Mumbai}}</ref>

He is the grandson of actor [[Prithviraj Kapoor]],<ref name="ARK" /> nephew of actors [[Raj Kapoor]] and [[Shashi Kapoor]], cousin of actors [[Rishi Kapoor]], [[Kunal Kapoor (actor, born 1959)|Kunal Kapoor]], [[Karan Kapoor]], [[Randhir Kapoor]],<ref name="Revival">{{cite news|author1=Indo-Asian News Service|author-link=Indo-Asian News Service|title=2010 is revival year for Kapoor family|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/2010-is-revival-year-for-kapoor-family/113294-8-66.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100502102520/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/2010-is-revival-year-for-kapoor-family/113294-8-66.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 May 2010|access-date=11 December 2014|publisher=[[CNN-IBN]]|date=14 April 2010}}</ref> [[Sanjana Kapoor]] and [[Rajiv Kapoor]]. He is uncle to actors [[Karishma Kapoor]], [[Kareena Kapoor]]<ref name="ARK" /> and [[Ranbir Kapoor]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/ranbir-is-very-special-for-the-kapoor-family-says-shammi-kapoors-son-632978|access-date=7 December 2014 |title= Ranbir is very special for the Kapoor family, says Shammi Kapoor's son|publisher=[[NDTV]]|agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service]]|date=29 April 2013}}</ref>

He attended [[The Lawrence School, Sanawar]] from 1963-1969, he later dropped out from the school.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://in.linkedin.com/in/aditya-raj-kapoor-b9b42811b|title=Aditya Raj Kapoor LinkedIn profile|accessdate=9 May 2023}}</ref> In 2023, he completed his [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree at the age of 67 from [[Indira Gandhi National Open University]] in [[Philosophy]] via [[Distance education|correspondence]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/shammi-kapoors-son-aditya-raj-kapoor-graduates-at-67-did-this-for-my-mother-2425205-2023-08-23|title= Shammi Kapoor's son Aditya Raj Kapoor graduates at 67: Did this for my mother|accessdate=6 January 2024|date=23 August 2023|author=Grace Cyril|website=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fc.ndtvimg.com%2F2023-08%2Frspm4md_aditya_625x300_23_August_23.jpg&tbnid=LAEH6iLiYtRq3M&vet=1&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Fentertainment%2Fshammi-kapoors-son-aditya-raj-kapoor-turns-graduate-at-67-4321527&docid=OZvZ-YhfUEE5fM&w=1200&h=738&hl=en-GB&source=sh%2Fx%2Fim%2Fm4%2F3|title= Shammi Kapoor's Son Aditya Raj Kapoor Completes BA Degree At 67|website=NDTv|author=Movie News Desk|date=23 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shammi-kapoor-son-aditya-raj-kapoor-graduate-at-67-8904388/|title= Shammi Kapoor's son Aditya Raj Kapoor completes graduation at 67: 'Did this for my mother Geeta Bali'|website=Indian Express|date= 22 August 2023}}</ref>

== Career ==
===1973-2003: Assisting, producing films and business ventures===
After finishing his school education, Kapoor started his film career as an assistant director to his uncle [[Raj Kapoor]] for his romantic film ''[[Bobby (1973 film)|Bobby]]'' (1973) and then went on to work as assistant director in ''[[Dharam Karam]]'' (1975), ''[[Satyam Shivam Sundaram (film)|Satyam Shivam Sundaram]]'' (1978), ''[[Geraftaar]]'' (1985), ''[[Ajooba]]'' (1990).<ref>{{cite news|author1=Mona|title=A long talent sheet…|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20111126/ttlife1.htm|access-date=11 December 2014|work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|date=26 November 2011|location=Chandigarh, Punjab}}</ref><ref name="Finally, Aditya">{{cite news|title=Finally, Aditya|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/finally-aditya/article1430008.ece|access-date=13 December 2014|work=[[The Hindu]]|publisher=[[The Hindu Group]]|date=27 November 2008}}</ref>

He also did a [[Walk-on (actor)|walk-on]] part in ''Satyam Shivam Sundaram'' (1978).<ref>{{cite news|title=There's a new Kapoor in Bollywood|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Theres-a-new-Kapoor-in-Bollywood/articleshow/3412160.cms|access-date=13 December 2014|work=[[The Times of India]]|publisher=[[The Times Group]]|date=28 August 2008}}</ref><ref name="Revival" /><ref name="ARK" />

He turned producer with the 1989 film ''[[Gawaahi]]'', which had [[Zeenat Aman]], [[Tanuja]] and [[Shekhar Kapur]] in key roles.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0215789/|title=Gawaahi (1989)|website=[[IMDb]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Fht-img%2Fimg%2F2023%2F05%2F12%2F1600x900%2FViveck_and_Zeenat_1683891983064_1683891995165.jpg&tbnid=N5eEbCkFNkStuM&vet=1&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Fentertainment%2Fbollywood%2Fviveck-vaswani-thanks-zeenat-aman-for-backing-him-on-his-first-film-gawaahi-i-would-not-have-been-here-101683891764628.html&docid=H095fiUq8fCz6M&w=1600&h=900&hl=en-in&source=sh%2Fx%2Fim%2Fm4%2F3&kgs=168446a80815dbbf|title= Viveck Vaswani thanks Zeenat Aman for backing him on his first film Gawaahi: 'I would not have been here'|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> He then ventured into producing television shows; ''Ek Do Teen Char'' (1987-1988) and ''Mama Ji'' (1992-1993).<ref>{{cite web|url= https://nettv4u.com/about/Hindi/tv-serials/ek-do-teen-char|title=
Ek Do Teen Char was a Children's Mystery show which was about four childhood friends|website=NetTv4u}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://adityarajkapoor.scoutmytrip.com/about/|title=Aditya Raj Kapoor 21 to 40}}</ref>

After refusing to act in films, he turned businessman. His construction company developed the amusements parks Fantasy Land in Mumbai and [[Appu Ghar]] in Delhi.<ref name="Revival" /> He also owns a truck and warehouse business.<ref name="Presley" /><ref>{{cite news|title=Kapoor 5.0|url=http://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/others/sunday-read/Kapoor-5-0/articleshow/36582703.cms|access-date=11 December 2014|work=[[Ahmedabad Mirror]]|publisher=[[The Times Group]]|date=15 May 2011|location=Ahmedabad|archive-date=14 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214150716/http://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/others/sunday-read/Kapoor-5-0/articleshow/36582703.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===2004-2009: Directorial ventures===
After a hiatus from Bollywood, Kapoor made a comeback as writer and director of ''[[Don't Stop Dreaming]]'' and ''[[Sambar Salsa]]'' (both 2007).<ref name="ARK" />

===2010-present: Expansion into acting===
Kapoor's first important role as an actor came with [[Jagmohan Mundhra]]'s ''[[Chase (2010 film)|Chase]]'' (2010).<ref>{{cite news|title=Finally, Bollywood|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/finally-bollywood/article1429865.ece|access-date=13 December 2014|work=[[The Hindu]]|publisher=[[The Hindu Group]]|date=25 November 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Chase in trouble|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/chase-in-trouble/41087|access-date=13 December 2014|work=[[Mid-Day]]|date=13 April 2009}}</ref> Following ''Chase'' he played the role of a businessman who falls in love with a prostitute in ''Mumbai 118''. Kapoor also starred in ''[[Diwangi Ne Had Kar Di]]'' (2010),<ref>{{cite news|title=Shammi Kapoor's son is ready to rumble!|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-interview-with-aditya-kapoor/20100430.htm|access-date=13 December 2014|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=30 April 2010}}</ref> ''[[Isi Life Mein]]'' (2010),<ref>{{cite news|title=Isi Life Mein|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/previews/Isi-Life-Mein/articleshow/6940712.cms|access-date=13 December 2014|work=[[The Times of India]]|publisher=[[The Times Group]]|date=17 November 2010}}</ref> ''[[Say Yes to Love (film)|Say Yes to Love]]'' (2012)<ref>{{cite news|title=Movie Reviews: Say Yes To Love|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-review/Say-Yes-To-Love/movie-review/12290529.cms|access-date=13 December 2014|work=[[The Times of India]]|publisher=[[The Times Group]]|date=16 March 2012}}</ref> and ''[[Yamla Pagla Deewana 2]]'' (2011). In 2014, he participated in the bike-ride ''India Hai'', that covered several Indian states and neighbouring countries of [[Nepal]] and [[Bhutan]]. In the same year, Kapoor appeared in the [[Ashutosh Gowariker]]-directed television series ''[[Everest (Indian TV series)|Everest]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Trivedi|first1=Tanvi|title=Aditya Raj Kapoor to climb Everest|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news/Aditya-Raj-Kapoor-to-climb-Everest/articleshow/45372209.cms|access-date=11 December 2014|work=[[The Times of India]]|publisher=[[The Times Group]]|date=5 December 2014}}</ref>

==Personal life==
In 1982, Kapoor married Priti Kapoor.<ref>{{cite news|title=I looked lecherous|url=http://dnasyndication.com/showarticle.aspx?nid=DNBAN23124|access-date=13 December 2014|publisher=DNA Syndication|date=4 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630190200/http://dnasyndication.com/showarticle.aspx?nid=DNBAN23124|archive-date=30 June 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> The couple have two children together, daughter Tulsi and son Vishwapratap.<ref name="ARK">{{cite news|last1=Parande|first1=Shweta|title=Acting is in my genes: Aditya Raj Kapoor|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/acting-is-in-my-genes-aditya-raj-kapoor/114542-8-66.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100507083413/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/acting-is-in-my-genes-aditya-raj-kapoor/114542-8-66.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 May 2010|access-date=7 December 2014|publisher=[[CNN-IBN]]|date=4 May 2010}}</ref><ref name="Presley">{{cite news|last1=Singh|first1=Manmohan|title=Aditya Raj Kapoor: My relations with Shammiji were broken|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news/Aditya-Raj-Kapoor-My-relations-with-Shammiji-were-broken/articleshow/45024731.cms|access-date=7 December 2014|work=[[The Times of India]]|publisher=[[The Times Group]]|date=3 November 2014|location=Ranchi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/videos/175633/remember-him-through-his-movies-shammi-kapoors-son.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141205170325/http://ibnlive.in.com/videos/175633/remember-him-through-his-movies-shammi-kapoors-son.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 December 2014 |title=Remember him through his movies: Shammi Kapoor's son|publisher=[[CNN-IBN]]|access-date=11 December 2014|date=14 August 2011}}</ref> Aditya's daughter Tulsi Kapoor tried her skills in singing, and Aditya's son, Vishwapratap Kapoor - a software engineer, lives in America.<ref>[https://www.india.com/entertainment/meet-shammi-kapoors-grandson-never-acted-in-movies-most-educated-member-of-kapoor-family-lives-in-the-us-works-as-software-engineer-his-name-is-vishwapratap-kapoor-7750678/ Meet Shammi Kapoor’s grandson, never acted in movies, most educated member of Kapoor family, lives in the US, works as…, his name is…], india.com, 12 Apr 2025.</ref>

Aditya currently resides in [[Goa]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.medianews18.com/2023/08/shammi-kapoor-was-shocked-when-son.html|title= Shammi Kapoor Was Shocked When Son Aditya Raj Kapoor Decided To Leave Film Industry; Now Why Aditya Wants To Complete Masters And Ph D At Age 67?|website=Media News 18|accessdate=19 June 2023}}</ref>

===Biking===
Kapoor turned biker at a late age and started travelling on his bike.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/lifestyle/news-shammi-kapoor-s-son-aditya-raj-kapoor-spills-bean-on-his-life-away-from-limelight-376224|title=Shammi Kapoor's son Aditya Raj Kapoor throws light on his life away from the limelight|website=India Tv News|author=Reshu Manglik|date=8 April 2017 |location=New Delhi}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://steemit.com/travel/@marandhawa/the-world-is-not-enough-aditya-raj-kapoor-plans-to-travel-the-world-on-his-bike|title=THE WORLD IS NOT ENOUGH! ADITYA RAJ KAPOOR PLANS TO TRAVEL THE WORLD ON HIS BIKE|website=SteemIt|date=2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://digantaguha.wordpress.com/2017/04/19/i-can-only-save-my-soul-if-i-save-someone-elses-says-aditya-raj-kapoor/|title= I can only save my soul if I save someone else's, says Aditya Raj Kapoor|author=Diganta Guha|date= 19 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://thedailyeye.info/thought-box/around-his-world-with-aditya-raj-kapoor/1f406d2d7b213dd3|title= Around his world with Aditya Raj Kapoor|website=The Daily Eye|date=5 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.dnaindia.com%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fstyles%2Ffull%2Fpublic%2F2023%2F08%2F23%2F2604399-untitled-design-2023-08-23t071156.200.png&tbnid=H8FboI5B7CUnBM&vet=1&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnaindia.com%2Fbollywood%2Freport-meet-shammi-kapoor-s-son-aditya-raj-kapoor-never-made-it-in-bollywood-quit-films-joined-college-at-age-61-3056905&docid=UIE1sZp-ZDuadM&w=1280&h=720&hl=en-in&source=sh%2Fx%2Fim%2Fm4%2F3|title= Meet Shammi Kapoor's son Aditya Raj, quit Bollywood after failing, became Kapoor family's first college graduate at 67|website=DNA India|date=23 August 2023}}</ref> In 2014, he participated in the bike-ride contest ''India Hai'' that covered several Indian states and also Nepal and Bhutan.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.filmibeat.com/bollywood/news/2023/aditya-raj-kapoor-actor-shammi-kapoor-son-first-kapoor-to-complete-graduation-at-67-362199.html|title= Who Is Aditya Raj Kapoor, Actor Shammi Kapoor's Son & The First Kapoor To Complete Graduation At 67|website=FilmiBeat|author=Gayatri Adhiraju|accessdate=19 November 2023}}</ref>

He wrote his first book ''Bike on a Hike'' in 2015, in which he describes his biking experiences.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SVodswEACAAJ|title=Bike on a Hike|isbn=978-1-5151-5478-5 |last1=Kapoor |first1=Aditya |date=14 July 2015 |publisher=CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform }}</ref>

In 2018, he travelled through over a dozen countries over 302 days as part of his world tour on his bike [[Triumph Bonneville T100]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/after-rk-s-moscow-odyssey-another-kapoor-blazes-a-trail-in-russia/story-2Yuge0Sd5XjXlLsOjJX5fK.html|title=After RK's Moscow odyssey, another Kapoor blazes a trail in Russia|website=Hindustan Times|date=16 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.team-bhp.com%2Fforum%2Fattachments%2Fmotorbikes%2F1751670d1523706962-aditya-kapoor-35-000-km-around-world-triumph-bonneville-dscn1102.jpg&tbnid=WLFUgRoGXVNKZM&vet=1&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.team-bhp.com%2Fforum%2Fmotorbikes%2F197724-aditya-kapoor-35-000-km-around-world-triumph-bonneville.html&docid=qovPMwFLQvgnCM&w=3648&h=2736&hl=en-in&source=sh%2Fx%2Fim%2Fm4%2F3|title=आदित्य राज कपूर; बाईकवरून जगभ्रमणाचा ध्यास|website=LOKMAT|date=14 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/triumph-of-a-ride-around-the-world/cid/1414186|title=Triumph of a ride around the world|website=Telegraph|accessdate=19 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.team-bhp.com/forum/motorbikes/197724-aditya-kapoor-35-000-km-around-world-triumph-bonneville.html|title=Aditya Kapoor: 35,000 km around the world on a Triumph Bonneville}}</ref> He has clocked 35,000 km around the world, starting off in June 2017 from [[Prithvi Theatre]], [[Mumbai]]. His step-mother, Neela Kapoor, cousins [[Randhir Kapoor]], [[Kunal Kapoor (actor, born 1959)|Kunal Kapoor]] and friend [[Jackie Shroff]] were present with his wife Priti Kapoor at the start of his journey.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.mid-day.com%2Fimages%2Fimages%2F2017%2Fjun%2FRandhir-Jackie.jpg&tbnid=Ld9ftTooeDkxeM&vet=1&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mid-day.com%2Fentertainment%2Fbollywood-news%2Farticle%2Faditya-raj-kapoor-randhir-kapoor-motorcycle-diaries-bollywood-news-18319167&docid=WYeiNEg2Wo_oCM&w=670&h=480&itg=1&hl=en-in&source=sh%2Fx%2Fim%2Fm4%2F3|title=Aditya Raj Kapoor, Randhir Kapoor, and Jackie Shroff at Prithvi Theatre|accessdate=22 July 2023}}</ref>

He also wrote a book titled ''Quest'', which documented his travelling experience of these 35,000 km on bike.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theliteraturetimes.com/aditya-raj-kapoors-quest-released-book-review/|title=Aditya Raj Kapoor's book QUEST review|author=Neha Sharma|date=2 June 2021 |accessdate=11 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/shammi-kapoor-and-geeta-balis-son-aditya-raj-kapoor-on-his-fathers-relationships-with-nutan-mumtaz-nadia-bina-ramani-and-second-marriage-i-miss-my-mother-geeta-bali-the-most-big-interview-exclusive/articleshow/91048632.cms|title=Shammi Kapoor and Geeta Bali's son Aditya Raj Kapoor on his life|website=Times of India|date=24 April 2022 }}</ref> It was launched in [[Majorda]], [[Goa]] in 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gomantaktimes.com/my-goa/things-to-do/quest-by-actor-director-aditya-raj-kapoor-to-be-launched-on-december-18-2021|title='Quest,' by actor-director, Aditya Raj Kapoor, to be launched in Goa on December 18, 2021|author=Perin Ilava|date=17 December 2021|accessdate=19 December 2021|website=Gomantak Times}}</ref>

== Filmography ==

===Films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! width=250|Title
! width=110|Role
! class="unsortable"|Notes
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 1978
| ''[[Satyam Shivam Sundaram (film)|Satyam Shivam Sundaram]]''
| {{unknown}}
| Uncredited
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 1989
| ''[[Gawaahi]]''
| {{n/a}}
| Producer only
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 2004
| ''Shamaal: The Sandstorm''
| {{n/a}}
| Unreleased; director and screenwriter only
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan=2|2007
| ''[[Don't Stop Dreaming]]''
| {{n/a}}
|rowspan=2| Director and screenwriter only
|-
| ''[[Sambar Salsa]]''
| {{n/a}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan=4| 2010
| ''[[Chase (2010 film)|Chase]]''
| Anil Khanna
|
|-
| ''[[Diwangi Ne Had Kar Di]]''
|
|
|-
| ''Mumbai 118''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Isi Life Mein]]''
| Prashant
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 2011
| ''[[Dil Toh Baccha Hai Ji]]''
| Harsh Narang
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 2012
| ''[[Say Yes to Love (film)|Say Yes to Love]]''
|
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 2013
| ''[[Yamla Pagla Deewana 2]]''
|
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan=2| 2016
| ''[[Waarrior Savitri]]''
| Thakur
|
|-
| ''Mareyadiru Endendu''
|
| {{no wrap|[[Kannada]] film}}
|}
'''Assistant director'''
*''[[Bobby (1973 film)|Bobby]]'' (1973)
* ''[[Dharam Karam]]'' (1975)
*''[[Satyam Shivam Sundaram (film)|Satyam Shivam Sundaram]]'' (1978)
*''[[Geraftaar]]'' (1985)
*''[[Ajooba]]'' (1990)

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! width=250|Title
! width=110|Role
! class="unsortable"|Notes
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 1987-1988
| ''Ek Do Teen Char''
| {{N/A}}
|rowspan=2| Producer only
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 1992-1993
| ''Mama Ji''
| {{N/A}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 2014-2015
| ''[[Everest (Indian TV series)|Everest]]''
| Nasir Siddiqui
|
|}

==Bibliography==
* {{Cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=SVodswEACAAJ |title=Bike On A Hike |publisher= CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform |year=2015|isbn= 978-1515154785}}
* {{Cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=2DTHzgEACAAJ |title=Quest |publisher=Cyscoprime Publishers|year=2021|isbn= 978-9354462085}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://adityarajkapoor.scoutmytrip.com Aditya Raj Kapoor's Official Blog] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210194116/http://adityarajkapoor.scoutmytrip.com/ |date=10 February 2020 }}
* {{IMDb name|id=1207480}}

{{Portal bar|Biography|Bollywood|India}}

{{Kapoor family}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kapoor, Aditya Raj}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Film directors from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Film producers from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Hindi-language film directors]]
[[Category:Kapoor family|Aditya Raj]]
[[Category:1956 births]]

Ashok Kumar Jain High School Darihat

2026-02-22T18:37:44Z

ShereeScotto4: stub - done

{{more citations needed|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Ashok Kumar Jain High School aayarkotha
| logo =
| image =
| location =
| city = Bihar
| state =
| country = [[India]]
| schooltype = Government high school
| established =
| founded = 1947
| founder = [[Government of Bihar]]
| status = Active
| teaching_staff = 12
| enrollment = 1056
| affiliations = [[Bihar School Examination Board]]<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.biharboard.ac.in/| title=Bihar School Examination Board| access-date=2016-09-25| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102123201/http://www.biharboard.ac.in/| archive-date=2018-01-02| url-status=dead}}</ref>
| website =
}}
[[File:Darihat High School.JPG|thumb|Ashok Kumar Jain High School Darihat Rohtas]]
'''Ashok Kumar Jain High School Darihat''' in Rohtas Bihar, India, popularly known as Darihat High School, was established in 1947. It is located in Darihat village of Rohtas district of Bihar on Dehri-Nasariganj Road. It is one of the leading government high schools of Rohtas district. It is a boys and girls school.

== Introduction ==
Ashok Kumar Jain High School Darihat was established in 1947 with the aid from Rohtas Industries Limited, hence the name Ashok Kumar Jain. It has classes from 8th to 10th standard. It is one of the leading high schools of the district.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.prabhatkhabar.com/news/kaimur/story/333899.html | title=इंटरस्तरीय विद्यालयों में साइंस के नहीं हैं शिक्षक | publisher= Prabhat Khabar| date=24 Feb 2015}}</ref>

Students attend from Darihat, Khudraon, [[Maudihan]], Chilbila, Ayar Kotha, Paruri, Tandawa(Tarwan), Paruhar, Majhiaon, Shivpur, Aharaon, Tiwaridih, Khudraon, Dhelabag, Arjun Bigaha, Dharahara, Berkap, Bharkuriya, Sherpur and Chainpur. It is the only government high school for these villages.

In year 1986 its then principal Jagnarayan Tiwari was awarded prestigious President medal.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.prabhatkhabar.com/news/kaimur/story/333899.html | title=इंटरस्तरीय विद्यालयों में साइंस के नहीं हैं शिक्षक | publisher= Prabhat Khabar| date=24 Feb 2015}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Education in Bihar]]
* [[Education in India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://wikimapia.org/#lang=en&lat=24.966011&lon=84.229120&z=19&m=b Location at Wikimapia]
* [https://www.facebook.com/akjainhighschool Facebook page]

[[Category:Boys' schools in India]]
[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in Bihar]]
[[Category:Rohtas district]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1947]]
[[Category:1947 establishments in India]]

Baselios Geevarghese I

2026-02-21T15:20:24Z

ShereeScotto4: made

{{short description|Catholicos of the East}}
{{Redirect|Geevarghese I|disambiguation|Geevarghese}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| honorific-prefix = His Holiness
| name = Baselios Geevarghese I
| honorific-suffix = Catholicos of the East
| bishop_of = [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]]
| see = [[Catholicos of the East]]
| image =
| caption =
| previous_post = Metropolitan of [[Kottayam]]
| ordination = 16 August 1896
| consecration = 9 February 1913
| consecrated_by = [[Ignatius Abdul Masih II]]
| enthroned = 30 April 1925
| ended = 17 December 1928
| predecessor = [[Baselios Paulose I]]
| successor = [[Baselios Geevarghese II]]
| birth_name = Vallikkattu Karuchira Geevarghese
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1870|1|11}}
| birth_place = [[Vakathanam]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1928|12|17|1870|1|11}}
| death_place = [[Vallikkattu]]
| buried = Orthodox Dayaro, Vallikaattu, Kottayam
}}

'''Baselios Geevarghese I''' was a bishop and the second [[Catholicos of the East|Catholicos]] of the [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church|Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]]. He became catholicos in 1925 and died on 17 December 1928.

==Early life==
Bava was born in Vakathanam, Kottayam district, on 11 January 1870. At the age of sixteen he was ordained as a deacon. He was ordained as a priest and ramban in 1896.{{r|CLL}}

In 1907 he moved to Vakathanam, where he was consecrated a bishop of the [[Niranam Church]] on 9 February 1913 and assumed the name Geevarghese Mar Philexinos and was given charge of Kottayam and Angamaly dioceses.{{cn|date=February 2026}}

== Catholicos ==
He became catholicos 30 April 1925 and assumed the title Baselios Geevarghese I.{{cn|date=February 2026}}

==Death==
He died on 17 December 1928 and was succeeded by [[Baselius Geevarghese II]]

==References==
{{Reflist|1|refs=

<ref name="CLL">{{cite journal | last =Rajan | first =Matthew | title = H.H. Baselios Geevarghese I - Second Catholicose | journal=The Christian Light of Life | url=http://www.lightoflife.com/LOL_Arch_Basalios_GeevargheseI_Second_Catholicose.htm | year = 2004 |volume=3| issue=12|pages=221–225 }}</ref>

}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-rel|oo}}
{{Succession box|
before=[[Moran Mar Baselios Paulose I|Baselios Paulose I]] 1912-1913|
title=[[Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan|Catholicos of the East]]|
years=1925–1928|
after=[[H.H. Moran Mar Baselios Geevarghese II|Baselios Geevarghese II]] 1929-1964}}
{{S-end}}

{{Christianity in Kerala}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Geevarghese 01}}
[[Category:Catholicoi of the East and Malankara metropolitans]]
[[Category:People from Kottayam district]]
[[Category:1870 births]]
[[Category:1928 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian bishops]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian Christian clergy]]

2015 Indian Border Security Force King Air crash

2026-02-19T22:17:23Z

ShereeScotto4: entry - done

{{Short description|Aviation accident in Delhi, India}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Notability|Events|date=September 2024}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2016}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}

{{Infobox aircraft occurrence
| name = 2015 Indian Border Security Force King Air crash
| image = Beechcraft B200 Super King Air, Private JP7130611.jpg
| image_upright = 1.1
| alt =
| caption = A Beechcraft Super King Air similar to the crashed aircraft
| occurrence_type = Accident
| date = {{Start date|2015|12|22|df=y}}
| summary = [[Pilot error]] leading to [[spatial disorientation]] and [[Loss of control (aeronautics)|loss of control]]
| site = [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]], Delhi, India
| coordinates = 
| total_fatalities = 10
| total_injuries = 1
| ground_injuries = 1
| aircraft_type = [[Beechcraft Super King Air 200]]
| aircraft_name =
| operator = [[Border Security Force]]
| callsign =
| tail_number = VT-BSA
| origin = [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]], Delhi, India
| stopover =
| destination = [[Ranchi Airport]], [[Ranchi]], India
| occupants = 10
| passengers = 8
| crew = 2
| fatalities = 10
| survivors = 0
}}

On 22 December 2015, a [[light aircraft]] of the Indian [[Border Security Force]] crashed within the grounds of [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]] in Delhi, India. Ten personnel of the Border Security Force, three officers and seven senior technicians, were killed.<ref name="BBC1">{{cite news |author=|title=India plane crash: Ten die in Delhi's Dwarka district|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-35158084 |accessdate=23 July 2016 |publisher=BBC News|date=22 December 2015}}</ref> The 22-year-old [[Beechcraft Super King Air|Beechcraft B200 King Air]] took off for [[Ranchi]] just before 9.30am, before crashing shortly afterwards.<ref name="NDTV1">{{cite news|last1=Biswas|first1=Tanima|title=10 BSF Personnel Killed As Aircraft Crashes Near Delhi Airport|url=http://www.ndtv.com/delhi-news/borders-security-force-plane-crashes-near-delhi-reports-1257597|accessdate=22 May 2016 |website=ndtv.com |publisher=[[New Delhi Television Limited]]|date=22 December 2015}}</ref>

== Aircraft ==
The aircraft involved in the accident was a 22-year-old [[Beechcraft Super King Air|Beechcraft B200 King Air]].<ref name="NDTV1" />

== Passengers and crew ==
The plane has two pilots, each with a [[commercial pilot licence]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=15 August 2017 |title=FINAL INVESTIGATION REPORT ON ACCIDENT TO BORDER SECURITY FORCE SKA B-200 AIRCRAFT VT-BSA NEAR IGI AIRPORT, DELHI ON 22.12.2015 |url=https://reports.aviation-safety.net/2015/20151222-0_BE20_VT-BSA.pdf |access-date=21 February 2024 |website=AAIB India}}</ref>

In addition to the pilots, the plane was carrying eight technicians to Ranchi to repair a helicopter.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BSF aircraft crashes near Delhi airport, all 10 on board killed |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bsf-aircraft-crashes-near-delhi-airport-all-10-on-board-killed-278405-2015-12-22 |access-date=2024-02-21 |website=India Today |date=22 December 2015 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="NDTV1" />

== Accident ==
After the aircraft's engines were started the crew reported that there was a problem (the nature of which has not been reported), but continued with the flight after receiving advice from [[Air traffic control|ground staff]]. The aircraft took off at 9:27am local time with an expected arrival time at [[Ranchi]] of 12:00pm.<ref name="IN1"/>

Soon after taking off, the crew informed air traffic control that something was wrong and that they would return to Delhi. The pilots were then cleared to make an emergency landing on Delhi's Runway 28.<ref name="IN1"/> At 9:40 AM, contact was lost with the aircraft. The plane then veered to the left, narrowly missing a village. It brushed a tree before hitting the perimeter wall of the airport and crashed into a [[Sewage treatment|sewage treatment plant]] within the airport complex. The aircraft then caught fire and was destroyed. All ten occupants were killed and another on the ground was injured.<ref name="IN1">{{cite news|last1=Dash|first1=Nivedita|title=BSF aircraft crashes into Delhi airport wall, all 10 officers onboard killed |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/bsf-aircraft-crashes-into-delhi-airport-wall-all-10-officers-onboard-killed/1/553262.html7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818090609/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/bsf-aircraft-crashes-into-delhi-airport-wall-all-10-officers-onboard-killed/1/553262.html7 |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 August 2016 |website=Indiatoday.in |accessdate=22 May 2016 |publisher=Living Media India |date=22 December 2015}}</ref>

== Cause ==
The cause can be attributed to pilot error who incorrectly activated the autopilot and failed to take the proper corrective action. Five recommendations are also made.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://reports.aviation-safety.net/2015/20151222-0_BE20_VT-BSA.pdf Final report of the accident]
* {{ASN accident|20151222-0}}

{{Aviation accidents and incidents in 2015}}
{{Aviation accidents and incidents in India}}
{{coord|28|34|07|N|077|06|44|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in 2015|Indian Border Security Force King Air crash]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in India]]
[[Category:2015 disasters in India|Indian Border Security Force King Air crash]]
[[Category:2010s in Delhi|Indian Border Security Force King Air crash, 2015i]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents involving the Beechcraft Super King Air]]
[[Category:December 2015 in India|Indian Border Security Force King Air crash]]

Vasudeva Sharan Agrawala

2026-02-18T02:17:21Z

ShereeScotto4: made some post nd citations

{{short description|Indian writer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Vasudeva Sharan Agrawala
| birth_date = 7 August 1904{{sfn|Vatsyayan|1994|p=8}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1967|7|27|1904|8|7}}{{sfn|Vatsyayan|1994|p=8}}
| birth_place = [[Meerut district]]
| death_place = Varanasi
| language = [[Hindi]], [[Sanskrit]], [[Prakrit]], English.{{sfn|Vatsyayan|1994|pp=8–10}}
| occupation = Cultural history, Sanskrit and Hindi literature, numismatics, museology, and art history.{{sfn|Vatsyayan|1994|pp=9–10}}
| awards = 1956 [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Hindi|Sahitya Akademi Award]] in [[Hindi]] for the prose commentary ''Padmavat Sanjivani Vyakhya''
| education = M. A. (Lucknow) 1929; Ph. D. (Lucknow) 1941; D. Litt. (Lucknow) 1946. (advisor for both [[Radha Kumud Mukherjee]]){{sfn|Vatsyayan|1994|p=8}}
| notable_works = *[https://archive.org/details/heritageofindian00agra/page/n5/mode/2up ''The Heritage of Indian Art''], New Delhi: Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, 1964. 
*[https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.4695/page/n5/mode/2up ''India as known to Panini: A study of the cultural material in Ashtadhyayi''], Lucknow: University of Lucknow, 1953
*[https://archive.org/details/devimahatmyamglo0000unse/page/n1/mode/2up ''Devī-māhātmyam = The glorification of the great goddess''], Varanasi: All India Kashiraj Trust, 1963.<ref>{{cite web|title=Agrawala, Vasudeva S.|publisher=OCLC WorldCat Identities|url=http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n50044420/|access-date= 21 August 2022}}</ref>
| years_active = 1933–1966
}}

'''Vasudeva Sharan Agrawala''', also '''Vasudeva Saran Agrawala''', (1904–1966), was an Indian scholar of cultural history, Sanskrit and Hindi literature, numismatics, museology, and art history.{{sfn|Vatsyayan|1994|pp=9–10}} He received the [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Hindi|Sahitya Akademi Award]] in the [[Hindi language]] in 1956 for his prose commentary ''Padmavat Sanjivani Vyakhya''.<ref>{{cite web |title=AKADEMI AWARDS (1955-2019) |url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/akademi%20samman_suchi.jsp#HINDI |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |access-date=5 December 2020}}</ref> He was a professor in the Department of Art and Architecture at the [[Benares Hindu University]].{{sfn|Vatsyayan|1994|pp=7–9}}

==Biography==
Agrawala was born on 7 August 1904, in a village in [[Meerut district]], [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh|United Provinces]]. He completed high school in Lucknow, took classes in Intermediate (Arts) and B. A. at the [[Benares Hindu University]] (BHU), received an M.A. at Lucknow University in 1929; a PhD at Lucknow in 1941; and a D.Lit. at Lucknow in 1946.{{sfn|Vatsyayan|1994|pp=8–9}} His PhD and D.Lit. research was published by the [[University of Lucknow]] in 1953 under the title, ''India as known to [[Pāṇini]]'', work on the application of [[Pāṇini]]'s work to India's cultural history.{{sfn|Vatsyayan|1994|pp=8–10}}

He became the Curator of [[Mathura museum]] in 1931, two years after his M.A.; the Director of the U.P. State Museum in Lucknow in 1940; a Superintendent for Museums in the Archaeological Survey of India attached to the Central Asian Antiquities Museum in New Delhi in 1946. In 1951, he moved to [[Banaras Hindu University|BHU]] as a Professor and Head of the Department of Art and Architecture.{{sfn|Vatsyayan|1994|pp=7–8}}

He had 9 children, 8 sons and 1 daughter

==Selected works==
* ''[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/480407556 Kalā aura saṃskr̥ti]'', Ilāhābāda : Sāhitya Bhavan Limiṭeḍ, 1952.
*[https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.4695/page/n5/mode/2up ''India as known to Panini: A study of the cultural material in Ashtadhyayi''], Lucknow: University of Lucknow, 1953
* ''Padmavat Sanjivani Vyakhya'', 1955.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Agarwal |first1=Vasudev Sharan |title=Padmavaat (mool Evam Sanjeev Vyakhya) |date=September 2007 |publisher=Lokbharati Prakashan |isbn=978-81-8031-110-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nGesQXpRLnwC |access-date=5 December 2020 |language=hi}}</ref>
*[https://archive.org/details/devimahatmyamglo0000unse/page/n1/mode/2up ''Devī-māhātmyam = The glorification of the great goddess''], Varanasi: All India Kashiraj Trust, 1963.
*[https://archive.org/details/heritageofindian00agra/page/n5/mode/2up ''The Heritage of Indian Art''], New Delhi: Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, 1964.
* [https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.49558/page/n9/mode/2up ''Studies in Indian art''], Varanasi: Vishwavidyalya Prakashan, 1965.
* {{cite book|title=Wheel Flag of India Chakra-dhvaja: being a history and exposition of the meaning of the Dharma-chakra and the Sarnath Lion Capital|location=Varanasi|publisher=Prithivi Prakashan|url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.53134/page/n123/mode/1up|year=1964b|oclc=1129478258}}

==Notes==
{{noteslist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Cited works==
*{{cite web |title=AKADEMI AWARDS (1955-2019) |url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/akademi%20samman_suchi.jsp#HINDI |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |access-date=5 December 2020}}
*{{cite book|last=Vatsyayan|first=Kapila|chapter=Ācārya Vāsudevajī|pages=7–11|title=Prof. Vasudeva Saran Agrawala: a bibliographic survey of his published works|publisher=Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts|year=1994|location=New Delhi|url=https://ignca.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/vasudeva_saran_agrawala.pdf}}

==External links==
{{Sahitya Akademi Award For Hindi}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1904 births]]
[[Category:1966 deaths]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Hindi]]
[[Category:Indian writers]]

{{India-writer-stub}}

Shaheen (Indian TV series)

2026-02-18T02:12:52Z

ShereeScotto4: made initial info w/ infobox

{{Short description|Television series}}
{{unreliable sources|date=November 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Shaheen_TV_series.jpg
| caption =
| genre = [[Drama]]
| creator = [[Arvishi Cine Vision]]
| based_on =
| writer = {{ubl|Pravesh Bhardwaj|Shruti Nagar}}
| director = Pravesh Bhardwaj
| creative_director =
| presenter =
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| theme_music_composer = Amitabh Varma
| open_theme = Vishwajeet
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes =
| producer = [[Ajay Shah]]
| camera = Mahendra Pradhan
| runtime = 20 Minutes
| company = [[Arvishi Cine Vision]]
| channel = [[Sony Entertainment Television]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2000}}
| last_aired =
}}

'''''Shaheen '''''({{Translation|''Falcon''}}) is an Indian television series which aired on [[Sony Entertainment Television|Sony TV]] in 2000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://oldsonytvserials.blogspot.com/|title=Old Sony Entertainment Television Serials|last=|first=|date=|website=oldsonytvserials.blogspot.com|access-date=|language=en}}</ref> It was produced by Arvishi Cine Vision's production house and stars [[Juhi Parmar]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/interviews/juhi-parmar|title=Juhi Parmar|last=|first=|date=|website=Tellychakkar.com|access-date=|language=en}}</ref> in the lead role.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nettv4u.com/about/Hindi/tv-serials/shaheen|title=SET India serial Shaheen|last=|first=|date=|website=nettv4u.com|access-date=|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bdnAXSU0xtQ|title=Shaheen Sony TV|last=|first=|date=21 December 2010|website=youtube.com|access-date=|language=en}}</ref>

==Plot==

Shaheen is a young Muslim girl who lives in Mumbai<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fuzionproductions.com/top-10-muslim-based-serials-indian-tv-pics/10/|title=Muslim based Indian Serials|last=|first=|date=|website=www.fuzionproductions.com|access-date=|language=en|archive-date=31 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831134753/http://www.fuzionproductions.com/top-10-muslim-based-serials-indian-tv-pics/10/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and dreams of doing something in life. Her father's only dream is to get her married into a rich royal family of [[Nawab]]s. Shaheen's dreams are shattered when she gets to know that her father has fixed her marriage with a [[Lucknow]]-based widower Nawab Junaid. There is a significant age difference between Shaheen and Junaid but she surrenders to her father's wishes and marries Junaid.

Shaheen shifts to Lucknow with Junaid and gradually starts adjusting to a very different city and culture. However, she is soon shocked to discover that Junaid has a son from his previous marriage, a fact her father hid from her. Junaid then tells her that he can never give her the place of his first wife. Shaheen decides to carry on and joins a college with Junaid's support. There she meets a young poet named Rafee and falls in love with him.

The story then revolves around Shaheen's relationship with Junaid and how she must decide to choose between him and Rafee.

==Cast==

* [[Juhi Parmar]] as Shaheen
* [[Bhaveen Gossain]] as Nawab Junaid
*[[Sushma Seth]] as Begum Sahiba
* [[Amit Behl]] as Hussain
* [[Tara Mehta]] as Najma
* [[Naved Aslam]] as Damodar
* Abha Dhulia as Supriya
* Vandana Sajnani as Anupama
* Manasi Upadhyay as Narayani
* Ravikiran Shastry as Wasim
* [[Neena Cheema]] as Sushma
* Abhay Puniani as Anand
* Rutuja Shah as Rampal
* Mahesh Kanwal as Anand Rai
* Lopa Bhatt as Karan
* [[Manav Kaushik]] as Ravi

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==

{{SET Shows}}

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Abida Hussain

2026-02-08T20:34:45Z

ShereeScotto4: small changes

{{Short description|Pakistani politician, diplomat and socialite}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=April 2019}}

{{Multiple issues|
{{BLP sources|date=May 2018}}
{{unreliable sources|date=May 2018}}
}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Abida Hussain
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang = 
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| image_size = 260px
| image_upright =
| smallimage = 
| alt =
| caption = Abida Hussain in 2016
| order = [[Ministry of National Food Security and Research|Minister of Food and Agriculture]]
| office =
| term_start = 21 February 1997
| term_end = [[1999 Pakistani coup d'état|12 October 1999]]
| alongside = 
| monarch =
| president =
| governor_general =
| primeminister = [[Nawaz Sharif]]
| taoiseach =
| chancellor =
| governor =
| vicepresident =
| viceprimeminister =
| deputy =
| lieutenant =
| succeeding = 
| parliamentarygroup =
| constituency = [[Constituency NA-87|NA-87]]
| majority =
| predecessor = [[Nawab Muhammad Yousuf|Yousuf Talpur]]
| successor = [[Sikandar Hayat Khan Bosan|Sikandar Hayat Bosan]]
| prior_term =

| order2 = [[Ministry of Planning and Development (Pakistan)|Minister of Population Control and Census]]
| office2 =
| term_start2 = 21 July 1997
| term_end2 = [[1999 Pakistani coup d'état|12 October 1999]]
| deputy2 = [[Ahsan Iqbal]] {{small|([[Deputy Chairman|Dy Chair.]] of the [[Planning Commission (Pakistan)|PLANCOM]])}}
| predecessor2 = [[Julius Salik]]
| successor2 = [[Omar Asghar Khan]]

| order3 = [[Pakistan Ambassador to the United States]]
| office3 =
| term_start3 = 26 November 1991
| term_end3 = 24 April 1993
| president3 = [[Ghulam Ishaq Khan]]
| appointer3 = [[Nawaz Sharif]]
| predecessor3 = [[Najmuddin Shaikh]]
| successor3 = Dr. [[Maliha Lodhi]]

| pronunciation =
| birth_name = Syed Abida Hussain
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1948}}<ref name="The Telegraph, Swamy, 2016"/>{{refn|According to the launching ceremony of Abida Hussain's book in Delhi in 2016, the ''[[Telegraph India]]'' noted and quoted her age 68 in 2016. While, earlier, the political taboloid, [[The Nation (Pakistan)|''The Nation'']] reported her age 66 in 2014.|name="name" |group=note}}
| birth_place = [[Jhang]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]]
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| citizenship = Pakistani
| nationality =
| party = [[Pakistan People’s Party|PPP]] (2023-2025)
| otherparty = [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PMLN]] (2022-2023) [[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]] (2018-2022) [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PMLN]] (2013-2018) [[Pakistan People’s Party|PPP]] (2008-2013) [[Pakistan Muslim League (Q)|PML-Q]] (2001-2008) [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PMLN]] (1997-1999) [[Pakistan People’s Party|PPP]] (1993-1996) [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PMLN]] (1990-1993) [[Islami Jamhoori Ittehad]] (1988-1990) [[Pakistan Muslim League]] (1985-1988)
| height = 
| spouse = [[Fakhar Imam]]
| partner = 
| relations = [[Jugnu Mohsin]] (cousin)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pap.gov.pk/members/profile/en/21/1430|title = Punjab Assembly | Members - Members' Directory}}</ref>
| children = [[Sughra Imam]] {{small|(Daughter)}}
| parents = [[Syed Abid Hussain Shah]] (father)
| mother = 
| father = 
| relatives =
| residence =
| education =
| alma_mater = [[Bahauddin Zakariya University]] {{small|([[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] in [[Political Science|Poly Sci.]])}}
| profession = Landlord, diplomat
| known_for =
| salary =
| net_worth = 
}}

'''Syeda Abida Hussain–Imam''' ({{nastaliq|سيدہ عابدہ حسین}}  b. 1948<ref name="The Telegraph, Swamy, 2016" />) is a Pakistani [[conservative]] politician, [[diplomat]] and [[socialite]] on the platform of the [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)]].<ref name="The Nation, Hassan, 2014">{{cite news|last1=Hassan|first1=Mubashir|title=Abida to keep 'small political role' sans active politics|url=https://nation.com.pk/21-Feb-2014/abida-to-keep-small-political-role-sans-active-politics|accessdate=27 May 2018|work=The Nation|agency=The Nation|publisher=The Nation|date=21 February 2014}}</ref>

Born into a [[jagir|feudal family]] in Pakistan, she served as the [[Pakistan Ambassador to the United States]] from 1991 to 1993, and the [[Ministry of National Food Security and Research|Minister of Food and Agriculture]] [[Ministry of Planning and Development (Pakistan)|Population Control]] in the second administration of Nawaz Sharif from 1997 until [[1999 Pakistani coup d'état|being removed]] in 1999.<ref name="Dawn Newspapers, Report, 2015">{{cite news|last1=Reporter|first1=A|title=Pakistan's political history in the words of Abida Hussain|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1156714|accessdate=27 May 2018|work=DAWN.COM|agency=Dawn Newspapers|publisher=Dawn Newspapers|date=13 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1193982|title=COVER: A gilded life: Power Failure by Syeda Abida Hussain|date=2015-07-13|newspaper=DAWN.COM|access-date=2016-12-04}}</ref>

She is known for her political views that reflect [[fiscal conservatism]] on [[Economy of Pakistan|economical issues]] as well as for her [[Environmental conservatism|conservation]] of the [[Environment of Pakistan|environment]] and [[Wildlife of Pakistan|wildlife]] of Pakistan.<ref name="Far Eastern Economic Review">{{cite book|title=Far Eastern Economic Review|date=1985|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0VlOAQAAIAAJ&q=abida+hussain+conservative|accessdate=29 May 2018|language=en}}</ref>

==Biography==
===Early life and family background===
{{Main|Pakistani political families|Pakistani billionaires}}
Abida Hussain was born in [[Jhang]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] in [[Pakistan]], into a [[Feudalism in Pakistan|wealthy family that owned]] [[farmhouse]]s, [[cattle range]]s and [[ranch]]es in 1948.<ref name="The Telegraph, Swamy, 2016">{{cite news|last1=Swamy|first1=Kumara|title='I don't think Mr Modi is politically interested in starting a serious conversation with Pakistan'|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1160313/jsp/7days/story_74188.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319105952/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1160313/jsp/7days/story_74188.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 March 2016|accessdate=29 May 2018|work=The Telegraph|agency=The Telegraph|publisher=The Telegraph, 2016|date=13 March 2016|location=New Delhi|language=en-uk|quote={{small|According to The Telegraph in India, Abida Hussain age was 68 in 2016.}}}}</ref> Her father, landlord [[Syed Abid Hussain Shah]], was an honorary [[Colonel (United Kingdom)|Colonel]] in the [[British Indian Army|Indian Army]] and a politician who was elected on the platform of the [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]] for a seat in the [[Constituent Assembly of India|Constituent Assembly]] of [[British India|India]] in [[1946 Indian Constituent Assembly election|1945–47]].<ref name="Syed Abida Hussain bio (web)">{{cite web|last1=Hussain-Imam|first1=S. Abida|title=Abida's Story|url=http://syedaabidahussain.com/abidas-story/|website=syedaabidahussain.com|publisher=Syed Abida Hussain bio (web)|accessdate=28 May 2018|archive-date=28 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528134318/http://syedaabidahussain.com/abidas-story/|url-status=dead}}</ref> He first served as a cabinet minister in the [[Ministry of Talents]] of the Prime Minister, [[Mohammad Ali Bogra]] in 1954–55, and later as a cabinet minister in the [[Feroze Khan administration|administration]] of [[Firoz Khan Noon|Feroze Khan]] in 1958.<ref name="Syed Abida Hussain bio (web)"/>

Hussain received a [[British education|British-style education]] at [[Convent of Jesus and Mary, Lahore|Convent of Jesus and Mary]] in Lahore where she qualified for her [[Senior Cambridge|Cambridge exams]] and later completed her [[GCE Advanced Level|O]] and [[GCE Advanced Level|A-Level]] qualifications from [[Surval Montreux]] in [[Switzerland]].<ref name="Syed Abida Hussain bio (web)"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/03/04/world/islamabad-journal-a-feminist-unswerving-in-a-very-macho-land.html |title=Islamabad Journal; A Feminist Unswerving In a 'Very Macho' Land |first=Barbara |last=Crossette |date=March 4, 1989 |website=New York Times}}</ref> She spent additional semesters studying [[history]] in [[Florence]] in [[Italy]] but did not obtain her degree and returned to [[Pakistan]] after being [[Arranged marriages in Pakistan|arranged to marry]] [[Syed Fakhar Imam|Fakhar Imam]], [[Cousin marriage|her cousin]], who was a bureaucrat at that time.<ref name="Syed Abida Hussain bio (web)"/><ref name="Dawn Newspapers, Siddiqi, 2015">{{cite news|last1=Siddiqi|first1=Muhammad Ali|title=COVER: A gilded life: Power Failure by Syeda Abida Hussain|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1193982|accessdate=28 May 2018|work=DAWN.COM|agency=Dawn Newspapers|publisher=Dawn Newspapers|date=13 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.pakistanherald.com/profile/syed-fakhar-imam-1169|title=Syed Fakhar Imam|newspaper=Pakistan Herald|access-date=2016-12-17|archive-date=19 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919194846/http://www.pakistanherald.com/profile/Syed-Fakhar-Imam-1169|url-status=dead}}</ref>

After the [[1999 Pakistani coup d'état|military takeover]] in 1999 and the [[Legal Framework Order, 2002|presidential ordinance]] enforced in 2002, Abida was disqualified from participating in [[Politics of Pakistan|national politics]] due to the lack of submitting proof of a [[baccalaureate degree]] to the [[Election Commission of Pakistan|Election Commission]], which is a requirement.<ref name="Dawn Newspapers, Siddiqi, 2015"/> In 2002, she went to attend the [[Undergraduate|undergraduate program]] in [[Economics]] at the [[Bahauddin Zakariya University]] (BZU) but switched her major, and graduated with [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] in [[Political Science]] in 2008.<ref name="Dawn Newspapers, Siddiqi, 2015"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/blog/2015/04/11/bittersweet-memories-of-abida-hussain/|title=Bittersweet memories of Abida Hussain|website=www.pakistantoday.com.pk|access-date=2016-12-17}}</ref>

===Personal life===

Abida Hussain is married to [[Fakhar Imam]] who is also a politician on [[PML-N|PML(N)]]'s platform.<ref name="Syed Abida Hussain bio (web)" /> She is a Shia muslim.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-12 |title=Interesting anecdotes: Abida Hussain narrates her political journey |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/820896/interesting-anecdotes-abida-hussain-narrates-her-political-journey |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref>

Her daughter, [[Sughra Imam|Sughra]], pursued her footsteps and is also a politician on the [[PML-N|PML(N)]]'s platform and currently tenuring in the [[Provincial Assembly of the Punjab]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Punjab Assembly|url=http://www.pap.gov.pk/index.php/members/profile/en/9/172|website=www.pap.gov.pk|accessdate=27 May 2018}}</ref>

== Public service in Pakistan ==
===Mayor of Jhang===
After her father's death in 1971, Abida Hussain entered [[Politics in Pakistan|national politics]] on the platform of the [[Pakistan Peoples Party]] (PPP) and won [[Constituency PP-76 (Jhang-IV)|Jhang constituency]] during the [[1970 Pakistani general elections|general elections]] held in 1970.<ref name="Dawn Newspapers, Moini, 2016">{{cite news|last1=Moini|first1=Qasim A.|title=We have failed to handle power, says Abida Hussain|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1162488|accessdate=29 May 2018|work=Dawn.com |publisher=Dawn Newspapers |date=9 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="Dawn Newspapers, et.al reporters, 2007">{{cite news |title=Old rivals, new faces in Jhang political circus|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/268471|accessdate=29 May 2018|work=Dawn.com |publisher=Dawn Newspapers|date=27 September 2007}}</ref> After being elected to the [[Provincial Assembly of the Punjab|Provincial Assembly]] of Punjab, she was appointed chairperson of the People's Workers Programme, and sat as a backbencher.<ref name="Dawn Newspapers, et.al reporters, 2007"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pap.gov.pk/index.php/members/profile/en/9/172|title=Punjab Assembly|website=www.pap.gov.pk|access-date=2016-12-17}}</ref> In 1974–75, she was opposed to the [[Nationalization in Pakistan|nationalization of industries and land reforms]] initiated by [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]], causing strains with her in the party.<ref name="Dawn Newspapers, Moini, 2016"/>

In 1977, she lost her party's constituency nomination to [[Ghulam Haider Bharwana|Haider Bharwana]].<ref name="Dawn Newspapers, et.al reporters, 2007"/> In 1979, she was elected [[Mayor]] of [[Jhang District|Jhang]], becoming the first woman to head a [[Local government in Pakistan|city government]], and was re-elected in 1983.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://nation.com.pk/national/13-Jan-2015/abida-narrates-political-autobiography|title=Abida narrates political autobiography|newspaper=The Nation|language=en-US|access-date=2016-12-17}}</ref>

When the [[1985 Pakistani general election|1985 general election]] was announced, she joined the [[Pakistan Muslim League]] (PML) and stood in [[Constituency NA-87]] against clergy member, Rehmatullah Bharwana; she was noted as the first women to be elected to the [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]] on a general seat.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brecorder.com/general-news/172/1141179/|title=Confessions of a feudal lord's daughter|website=Business Recorder|access-date=2016-12-17|archive-date=21 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221071004/http://www.brecorder.com/general-news/172/1141179/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1988, she sided with the conservative faction led by [[Fida Mohammad Khan]], and joined the [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]] led by its [[President of Pakistan Muslim League (N)|President]] [[Fida Mohammad Khan|Fida Mohammad]].<ref name="Oxford University Press, A. Hussain, 2015">{{cite book|last1=Hussain|first1=Syeda Abida|title=Power Failure: The Political Odyssey of a Pakistani Woman|date=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Karahi, Pakistan|isbn=9780199401574|page=707|edition=1st|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nMizoAEACAAJ&q=Power+failure+Abida|accessdate=29 May 2018|language=en-pak}}</ref>

In the [[1990 Pakistani general elections|1990 general election]], she fought the election against the influential cleric, [[Haq Nawaz Jhangvi|Haq-Nawaz Jhangvi]], who later founded the violent [[Lashkar-e-Jhangvi|LeJ]] after losing the elections for [[Constituency NA-87]] to Abida Hussain.<ref name="Dawn Newspapers, Reporters, 2015">{{cite news|last1=Reporter|first1=A|title=Pakistan's political history in the words of Abida Hussain|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1156714|accessdate=29 May 2018|work=DAWN.COM|agency=Dawn Newspapers|publisher=Dawn Newspapers, 2015|date=13 January 2015}}</ref> After her name was [[Contract killing|placed on a hit list]] by the [[Lashkar-e-Jhangvi|LeJ]], [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] [[Nawaz Sharif]] became concerned for her safety, and immediately appointed her as the [[Pakistan Ambassador to the United States]] effective immediately in 1990.<ref name="The Telegraph, Swamy, 2016" /><ref name="Dawn Newspapers, Reporters, 2015"/>

=== Pakistan Ambassador to the United States ===

On 26 November 1991, Abida Hussain took the charge of the [[plenipotentiary]] of the [[Embassy of Pakistan, Washington, D.C.|Pakistan Embassy]] in the [[Washington, D.C.]] in the [[United States]]— she was the first woman diplomat to be appointed as the [[Pakistan Ambassador to the United States]].<ref name="The Telegraph, Swamy, 2016" /><ref name="Dawn Newspapers, Reporters, 2015"/> Her appointment came at the troublant time for the [[Pakistan–United States relations|foreign relations]] with the [[United States]], due to Americans placing the [[Pressler amendment|military embargo]] on the [[Pakistani military|Pakistan's military]].<ref name="Dawn Newspapers, Siddiqi, 2015" /> She acted as Pakistan's principle negotiator with the [[US State Department|United States Department of State]], and described the meetings with the American officials stressful due to Americans keep demanding the rollback of the [[Pakistan and its Nuclear Deterrent Program|clandestine atomic bomb program]].<ref name="nuclear weapons"/>

At the time of her launch of her [[autobiography]], she later identified the issue of [[nuclear weapons]] was the principal source of distress between bilateral ties of [[Pakistan]] and the [[United States]].<ref name="nuclear weapons">{{cite web|url=https://fas.org/news/pakistan/1992/920731.html|title=Pakistan|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> Hussain has written in her memoir that the "conversations and negotiations with the American functionaries and the American politicians were quite rough. Because they would make only one demand: "Roll back your [atomic] program". And, since I was quite clear that we cannot do that, our conversations were not friendly."<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/1104005/political-musings-abida-recalls-her-experience-as-ambassador-to-us/|title=Political musings: Abida recalls her experience as ambassador to US – The Express Tribune|date=2016-05-16|newspaper=The Express Tribune|language=en-US|access-date=2016-12-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OUSTDAAAQBAJ&q=abida+hussain+2003&pg=PA65|title=US-Pakistan Relations: Pakistan's Strategic Choices in the 1990s|last=Farooq|first=Nasra Talat|date=2016-07-01|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317358497|language=en}}</ref> In talks with Sharif in Islamabad, Abida Hussain recommended cancelling of the acquisitions of the [[F-16 Falcon|F-16s]] fighter jets and have funds refunded from the [[United States government]], which Sharif was also of the same view point.<ref name=":1"/>

Abida later levelled accusations on the American contractor, [[General Dynamics]], of bribing her after making the suggestions as the contractor wanted Pakistan to continue funding the [[F-16 Falcon|F-16 program]] for the [[Pakistan Air Force]] until the contract ended.<ref name=":1" /> She also maintained that the chair of the [[board of directors]] of the [[General Dynamics]], offered her to pay off her children's expensive education in [[Harvard University|Harvard]] and [[Yale University|Yale]], and also offered an estate in [[Washington, D.C.]]: she rejected the offers and confided her conversation Sharif in 1993.<ref name=":1" /><ref>[http://tribune.com.pk/story/1104005/political-musings-abida-recalls-her-experience-as-ambassador-to-us "Political musings: Abida recalls her experience as ambassador to US"; ''The Express Tribune'']. Abida quoted her conservation with the Chair of the General Dynamics, quote: You have two daughters studying in Harvard which is a very expensive school. Could we help you out with their education?</ref>

In an interview with [[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|''The Telegraph'']] in 2016 in India, Abida Hussain claimed that, [[Vice President of the United States|U.S. Vice President]] [[Al Gore]] mistook her twice as her deputy chief was the ambassador.<ref name="The Telegraph, Swamy, 2016" /> After the [[1993 Pakistani general elections|general elections]] held in 1993, Prime Minister [[Benazir Bhutto]] recalled her from her diplomatic assignment, and posted Dr. [[Maleeha Lodhi|Maliha Lodhi]], a career officer, as the Pakistan Ambassador to the United States.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-04-05-wr-42277-story.html|title=Profile : New Envoy Aims to End Pakistan's 'Rogue' Image : Maleeha Lodhi's credentials include an eye for power, a blue-blood pedigree, a career in journalism and a thousand-watt smile.|last=DAHLBURG|first=JOHN-THOR|date=1994-04-05|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035|access-date=2016-12-17}}</ref>

=== Minister of Food and Census in Sharif administration ===
{{Main|1998 Pakistan Census|War hawk}}

After returning to Pakistan, Abida Hussain worked towards the [[Agriculture in Pakistan|agriculture]], and sat in the [[Leader of the Opposition (Pakistan)|opposition bench]] in the [[Parliament of Pakistan|Parliament]], and credited Sharif of agriculture revolution by introducing effective tube wells during the election campaign of Nawaz Sharif in 1997.<ref name="Dawn Newspapers, Report, 2015" />

In 1994, she was implicated of receiving [[Mehrangate|financial funding from the]] [[Pakistani intelligence community|intelligence community]], and testified in the [[Panama Papers case|case hearings]] in 2016 at the [[Supreme Court of Pakistan]] that "we (conservatives) were led to believe that it was an election fund for members of the government."<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1160313/jsp/7days/story_74188.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319105952/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1160313/jsp/7days/story_74188.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 March 2016|title='I don't think Mr Modi is politically interested in starting a serious conversation with Pakistan'|date=2016-03-13|access-date=2016-12-17}}</ref>

After successfully defending her constituency during the [[1997 Pakistani general election|general elections]] held in 1997, Abida Hussain joined the second administration of Sharif as the [[Ministry of National Food Security and Research|Minister of Food and Agriculture]] and later becoming the [[Ministry of Planning and Development (Pakistan)|Ministry of Population Control and Census]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1156714|title=Pakistan's political history in the words of Abida Hussain|date=2015-01-13|newspaper=DAWN.COM|access-date=2016-12-04}}</ref><ref>[http://www.dawn.com/news/1156714/ Pakistan’s political history in the words of Abida Hussain]</ref> She was later rumored to be appointed in the [[United Nations]] as [[Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations|Permanent Representative of Pakistan]] but this appointment was never considered.<ref name="dt1110">{{cite news|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2010\11\11\story_11-11-2010_pg1_4|title=Abida Hussain to be appointed new UN envoy|date=2010-11-10|publisher=Daily Times|accessdate=2010-01-10}}</ref>

In 1998, she notably oversaw the successful and peaceful [[1998 Pakistan Census|nationwide census]] in all over the country.{{rp|225}}<ref name="Routledge, Qadeer, 2006">{{cite book|last1=Qadeer|first1=Mohammad|title=Pakistan – Social and Cultural Transformations in a Muslim Nation|date=2006|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781134186174|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ll02P7G5XD8C&q=abida+hussain+census&pg=PA285|accessdate=29 May 2018|language=en}}</ref>{{rp|2}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Population Headliners|date=1999|publisher=Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BwgmAQAAMAAJ&q=abida+hussain+census|accessdate=29 May 2018|language=en}}</ref> When India conducted the [[Operation Shakti|nuclear tests]] in May 1998, Abida Hussain became one of the [[war hawk]] in the party, ultimately calling to break [[Policy of deliberate ambiguity|policy]] of deliberate ambiguity, and conduct the [[Chagai-I|atomic tests in response]] to India.<ref name="Oxford University Press, A. Hussain, 2015" /> Over the [[Kargil war|Kargil front]] in 1999, she sided with Prime Minister Sharif, and ultimately suggesting to call for the meeting with the [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee|Chairman joint chiefs]] [[General|Gen.]] [[Pervez Musharraf]] over this issue.<ref name="Mittal Publications, Akbar, 1999">{{cite book|last1=Akbar|first1=M. K.|title=Kargil: Cross Border Terrorism|date=1999|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=9788170997344|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tmVuAAAAMAAJ&q=abida+|accessdate=29 May 2018|language=en}}</ref>

After the [[1999 Pakistani coup d'état|military takeover]] of the federal government in 1999, Abida was imprisoned in [[Adiala Jail|Adiala Prison]] along with the leadership of the PML(N), and an inquiry was opened on her financial wealth that ultimately called her "a major defaulter."{{rp|contents}}<ref name="Grosvenor House Publishing, Sehri">{{cite book|last1=Sehri|first1=Inam|title=Judges and Generals of Pakistan Volume – I|date=2012|publisher=Grosvenor House Publishing|isbn=9781781480434|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gzllAgAAQBAJ&q=abida+hussain+kargil&pg=PT278|accessdate=29 May 2018|language=en}}</ref>

Although, she was later released in 2002 with no inquiry actions taken against her.{{rp|contents}}<ref name="Grosvenor House Publishing, Sehri"/> Abida Hussain later testified that the inquiries were drop due to her agreeing on a deal with the [[Pervez Musharraf|Musharraf administration]] to defect to the [[PML(Q)|splinter faction]] under [[Shujaat Hussain]], that would allow her to take participation in the [[2013 Pakistani general election|general elections]] that were held in 2002.<ref name="Golden Age, Shahzad, 2017" /> Despite agreeing on a deal with Musharraf's administration, she was disqualified to take further participation in [[2013 Pakistani general election|general elections]] held in 2002, mainly due to failure to submit the proof of [[Bachelor's degree|baccalaureate degree]].<ref name="Golden Age, Shahzad, 2017" />

===Political positions and views===

Abida Hussain's political views reflects the [[fiscal conservatism]] on economic issues, and [[environmental conservatism]] on [[Wildlife of Pakistan|wildlife issues]] in her country, as she opposed to the issue of [[Nationalization in Pakistan|nationalization of corporate industry]] by the government as it did not suit well with the conservative industrialists.{{rp|17}}<ref name="Far Eastern Economic Review"/> She also sided with Sharif's over many national security issues, and called for the [[Civilian control of the military|civilian control]] of the military after 1999.{{rp|359}}<ref name="Mittal Publications, Akbar, 1999" />

In 2002, Abida Hussain was disqualified from participating in the national politics by the [[Election Commission of Pakistan|Election Commission]] due to her lack of proof to submit the [[baccalaureate degree]] after the controversial [[Legal Framework Order, 2002|new executive order]] signed by Musharraf.<ref name="The Guardian, McCarthy, 2002"/> The new order eventually forced her to attend the university for the college degree to ensure the survival of her political career.<ref name="The Guardian, McCarthy, 2002">{{cite news|last1=McCarthy|first1=Rory|title=The general's elections in Pakistan|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/jul/12/worlddispatch.pakistan|accessdate=29 May 2018|work=The Guardian|agency=The Guardian|date=12 July 2002|language=en-uk|quote={{small|One senior Pakistan Muslim League leader, Abida Hussain, has reportedly just sat BA exams at a university in Multan to ensure she qualifies to stand in October's election.}}}}</ref> In 2006, she conditionally agreed to join the [[Pakistan Peoples Party]] after disagreement arises with the PML(N) over the policy issues.<ref name="dt1106">{{cite news|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2006\11\27\story_27-11-2006_pg7_14|title=Abida and Fakhar all set to join PPP conditionally|date=2006-11-27|publisher=Daily Times|accessdate=2010-01-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/646915-row-deepens-after-abida,-fakhr-join-ppp|title=Row deepens after Abida, Fakhr join PPP|website=www.thenews.com.pk|access-date=2016-12-17}}</ref> In 2007, she harboured doubts on Musharraf' promises on giving security to [[Benazir Bhutto]] and reportedly Bhutto to avoid attending the political rally in [[Liaqat National Bagh|National Park]] in [[Rawalpindi]], which Bhutto attended and was [[Assassination of Benazir Bhutto|assassinated]].<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1162488|title=We have failed to the handle power, says Abida Hussain|date=2015-02-09|newspaper=DAWN.COM|access-date=2016-12-17}}</ref> In 2008, Abida and her husband, Fakhar, reportedly lost the [[2008 Pakistani general election|general election]], and reportedly seek their retirement after Abida and Fakhar left the PPP in 2012.<ref name="Golden Age, Shahzad, 2017">{{cite news|last1=Shahzad|first1=Mohammad|title=Interview with Syed Abida Hussain-Imam|url=http://globalagemagazine.kipscss.net/ArticleDetail/2017/May/interview-with-syeda-abida-hussain|accessdate=30 May 2018|work=globalagemagazine.kipscss.net|agency=Golden Age|publisher=Golden Age, 2017|date=1 May 2017|language=en|archive-date=29 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529203802/http://globalagemagazine.kipscss.net/ArticleDetail/2017/May/interview-with-syeda-abida-hussain|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Three heavyweights may join PML-N – The Express Tribune|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/408535/three-heavyweights-may-join-pml-n/|accessdate=29 May 2018|work=The Express Tribune|date=15 July 2012}}</ref>

During the [[2013 Pakistani general election|general election]], in 2013, Abida Hussain supported the PML-N candidate in Jhang by-elections, and ran her [[Sughra Imam|daughter's]] successful campaign to be elected for the [[Provincial Assembly of the Punjab]] on the platform of the PML(N).<ref>{{cite news|title=Abida to keep 'small political role' sans active politics|url=https://nation.com.pk/E-Paper/Islamabad/2014-02-21/page-3/detail-5|work=The Nation}}</ref> She reportedly quit the politics and currently overseeing the horse racing and breeding in her constituency.<ref name="The Telegraph, Swamy, 2016" /> In 2016, she spoke very high of Nawaz Sharif, whom she considered to be [[self-made man]] and leader in politics, and paid tribute to Sharif for the services his done for his country's environment and agriculture.<ref name="The Telegraph, Swamy, 2016" /><ref name="Dawn Newspapers, Report, 2015" />

== Bibliography ==
*Hussain, Syeda Abida (2015). Power Failure: The Political Odyssey of a Pakistani Woman (1st ed.). Karachi, Pakistan: Oxford University Press. p. 707. {{ISBN|9780199401574}}.
*{{Cite book|title=Special Star: Benazir Bhutto's Story|year=2007|last=Hussain|first=Syeda Abida|publisher=Oxford University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x3u7swEACAAJ|isbn=9780199407576}}

==See also==
*{{Portal bar|Pakistan|Punjab|Conservatism|Politics}}
*[[Democracy in Pakistan|Democratic movements in Pakistan]]
**[[Civilian control of the military]]
**[[Civil-military relations]]
**[[Khakistocracy]]
** [[Movement to impeach Pervez Musharraf]]
**[[Pervez Musharraf|''General Musharraf vs. Federation of Pakistan, et.al.'']]
*[[Post Cold War era]]
*[[Women in politics]]
*[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)]]

==References==
<references group="note" />
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Cite news|title=Woman, moment, nation|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/woman-moment-nation/|date=May 2, 2015|first=Khaled|last=Ahmed|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-dip}}
{{succession box |title=[[Pakistan Ambassador to the United States]]|
years=November 1991 – March 1993|
before=[[Najmuddin Shaikh]]|
after=[[Maliha Lodhi]]}}
{{end}}
{{Ambassadors of Pakistan to the United States}}
{{Conservatism in Pakistan}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hussain, Abida}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1948 births]]
[[Category:Pakistani expatriates in Italy]]
[[Category:Pakistani expatriates in Switzerland]]
[[Category:Pakistani landowners]]
[[Category:Pakistani anti-communists]]
[[Category:Pakistan Muslim League (N) MNAs]]
[[Category:Pakistani racehorse owners and breeders]]
[[Category:21st-century Pakistani memoirists]]
[[Category:Women ambassadors of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Punjab MPAs 1972–1977]]
[[Category:Pakistani MNAs 1985–1988]]
[[Category:Pakistani MNAs 1988–1990]]
[[Category:Women members of the National Assembly of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Pakistan to the United States]]
[[Category:Nawaz Sharif administration]]
[[Category:Pakistani prisoners and detainees]]
[[Category:Convent of Jesus and Mary, Murree alumni]]
[[Category:People from Jhang District]]
[[Category:Bahauddin Zakariya University alumni]]
[[Category:Pakistani women memoirists]]
[[Category:21st-century Pakistani women writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Pakistani women politicians]]
[[Category:Syed family of Jhang]]
[[Category:Science ministers of Pakistan]]

Apna Time Bhi Aayega

2026-02-08T10:37:36Z

ShereeScotto4: basic correct lead for clarity and fixed typos to improve readability

{{short description|Indian television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Apna Time Bhi Aayega.jpg
| caption =
| genre = [[Drama]]
| creator =
| developer =
| writer = '''Dialogues''' Manasvi Arya
| story = Abhijeet Sinha
| screenplay = Abhijeet Sinha Tanya Sinha
| creative_director = Vidhi Tandon
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| open_theme = "Apna Time Bhi Aayega theme music"
| music = Isha Vedraj Punit Dixit
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes = 297
| executive_producer =
| producer = Ved Raj
| cinematography =
| editor = Sanjay Kamla Singh Vikas Jha
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
| network = [[Zee TV]]
| company = Shoonya Square Productions
| first_aired = {{Start date|2020|10|20|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2021|10|16|df=y}}
}}

'''''Apna Time Bhi Aayega''''' ({{Translation|''My time will also come''}}) is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language television drama that aired on [[Zee TV]]. The show stars [[Fahmaan Khan]], [[Megha Ray]] and [[Vivana Singh]] in the lead roles.

The show revolves around the life of Rani, an intelligent, ambitious village girl who aspires to become an engineer but is forced to work as a servant for the royal Rajawat family. Rajeshwari Singh Rajawat "Rani Sa" is the family's arrogant matriarch. Due to circumstances, Rani is forced to marry Veer, Rani Sa's son. Rani Sa initially does not accept her, but eventually does.

Megha Ray replaced [[Anushka Sen]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/megha-ray-on-replacibng-anushka-sen-in-apna-time-bhi-aayega-i-dont-want-to-burden-myself-with-the-thought-of-replacing-someone-established/articleshow/79180804.cms|title=Megha Ray on replacing Anushka Sen in 'Apna Time Bhi Aayega': I don't want to burden myself with the thought of replacing someone established|website=The Times of India|date=12 November 2020 |access-date=23 January 2021}}</ref> Vivana Singh replaced [[Tanaaz Irani]] in 2021. The series premiered on 20 October 2020 and was produced by Ved Raj, under the company Shoonya Square Productions. The show's final episode was telecast on 16 October 2021.

==Plot==
Rani is an ambitious and naive girl from the village of [[Ballia]] who comes to Jaipur to fulfill her dream of becoming an engineer and meet her father, Ramadheer, who worked as the chief servant for the Rajawat family, a royal family in Jaipur. Rajeshwari Singh Rajawat "Rani Sa" is the arrogant matriarch of the family who demands perfection in everything. Ramadheer is arrested on the charge of driving a car over 4 people, while drunk. Rani is forced to quit her dreams and replace her father as the chief servant. She is also determined to prove him innocent and tries to bail him out but in vain. Later, it's revealed that Rani Sa is sore towards her adopted son, Veer, cause he was the son of Rani Sa's husband Digvijay, and another woman, with whom Digvijay had an affair with. Veer's marriage is fixed with a rich girl, Kiara, whom Rani Sa chose for him. Rani Sa's daughter, Nandini, is also soon to marry the prince of Gwalior, Jay, who wants to marry her only cause of her property and greed. He also has a mistress, Champa, who works as a servant, for the Rajawats. Jay is expelled from the palace by Veer, when he tries to molest Rani. Soon, Rani discovers that Veer caused the accident and trapped her father.

To avenge his humiliation, Jay plays a scheme. He calls Rani and poses as an outsider who has got evidence in favour of Ramadheer. He asks Rani to meet him in a temple to get the evidence, a temple where only married women are allowed. Rani, who was unaware of this, visits the temple where Jay tries to molest her again. However, when Jay sees Veer in the temple, he runs away and locks both of them in a room. The temple priests discover Veer and Rani in the room and attempt to kill them for breaking the rules. In a bid to save Rani's life, Veer marries Rani. Rani Sa gets enraged and keeps creating rifts between Veer and Rani. The whole Rajawat family, including Veer, refuses to accept Rani. Rani Sa's son Vikram and Digvijay's mother Rajmata are the only ones in the family who support Rani. Rani Sa leaves the house in anger and sends her sister, Padmini, to humiliate and expel Rani.

Jay re-enters in the house and his alliance is again fixed with Nandini. Gradually, Rani wins the heart of everyone, including Padmini. Though Rani disliked Veer for trapping her father but still she helps him to expose Jay and throw him out, and protect Nandini from an unhappy marriage. Rani and Veer fall in love. Rani wishes to go to Ballia to fill the form of her exam and Veer agrees. Rani Sa returns and asks Veer to leave Rani permanently in Ballia. Veer and Rani reach Ballia where Veer is showered with love and king-like treatment by Rani's grandmother, which makes it difficult for him to leave Rani. Rani's bestfriend, Birju who was secretly in love with her, returns from Dubai and is heartbroken to see that Rani married Veer. Though Veer initially leaves Rani but returns to take her back when a group of village women assault and taunt her for her husband leaving her. When they return to Jaipur, Rani Sa pretends to have accepted Rani, to play the victim card in front of Veer. Rani gets busy with her father's case as it could even lead to his hanging, if proper steps aren't taken. Rani Sa creates several rifts between Veer and Rani. Kiara and Rani Sa's son, Vikram marry in a drunken state as Kiara visualizes Vikram as Veer. When they realize what happened, they both decide to forget this and part their ways. Out of guilt, Veer surrenders to the police and Ramadheer gets released. Rani Sa bails out Veer.

It's revealed that Rani Sa did the accident while Veer was only taking the blame of hers. Jay deceitfully records a confession of Rani Sa and gives it to the police. Soon, Rani Sa is arrested. Jay abducts Rani. After a series of events, Veer finds Rani in Goa where they reunite. Kiara loses her memory due to an injury and forgets the marriage of Veer and Rani. She starts treating Rani as her servant like before and makes her work. Rani Sa gets released from jail and comes to Goa. She decides to throw Rani out of Veer's life as she believes that Rani was the one to give evidence against her. Rani Sa makes Veer believe that Rani and Birju are having an affair. Veer pretends of marrying Kiara to hurt Rani. Rani Sa throws Rani out at night, but she returns with the help of a NGO woman and demands a huge sum of money from the Rajawats. Veer begs her to leave him alone and let him move on with his life and Kiara. Rani sadly leaves Goa and goes to Ballia. Veer follows her to Ballia, along with Kiara, to punish her mentally for betraying him. Soon, Veer learns Rani Sa's scheme and unites with Rani. They both return to Jaipur where Rani gets admitted in a college for further studies. Nandini marries Jay at Rani Sa's behest. Veer sees a mysterious patient at his hospital who is in a coma. Soon, it's revealed that the patient is none other than Veer's biological father, Ranvijay. Ranvijay is Digvijay's elder brother and Rani Sa's ex-husband who left her abruptyly after their marriage, leaving her pregnant with Veer and worsening her health. Digvijay married Rani Sa and hid Veer on doctor's recommendation as it could worsen Rani Sa's health and remind her of Ranvijay.

Rani Sa apologizes to Veer for treating him like an outsider all these years but he gets angry on her. Ranvijay enters the house and starts plotting against Rani to kill her, when he sees that Rani wants Veer to unite with Rani Sa again. When Rani discovers this, Ranvijay confesses that he married someone else after leaving Rani Sa, and he never regretted for his actions and has returned to snatch Veer from everyone and take him away with him. Rani learns that Ranvijay has kidnapped Digvijay. Ranvijay pushes Rani off a building who is presumed to be dead by him. But Rani survives and enters the house, disguised as an old maidservant to expose Ranvijay. Meanwhile, Rani's uncle and his daughter, Kajri, too arrive there. Kajri gets impressed by Vikram's money and decides to marry him. When Ranvijay kidnaps Rani and tries to kill her, Veer saves her and Ranvijay is exposed. Rani Sa's step-sister, Vijya, snatches Rajawats' property and throws them out of their house.

Vijya's son, Suraj, falls in love with Rani on the road when she saves him from getting hit by a car. Rani enters the house as Suraj's tutor and helps the Rajawats to regain their property. Soon, Rani is exposed. Vijya and Suraj kidnap Veer and make the whole Rajawat family their servants, except Rani. They force Rani to marry Suraj. However, on Rani and Suraj's wedding day, the police arrive and arrest Suraj and Vijya. The Rajawats get their house and property back. Rani Sa finally accepts Rani. Jay gets exposed in front of everyone and Nandini leaves him for his abusive behaviour towards her. Jay gets arrested. Vikram and Kiara confess their love. Kajri gets angry and kidnaps Vikram and Kiara, and tries to marry Vikram. However, Vikram and Kiara escape and fool Kajri. Kajri apologizes to everyone for her mistakes and they forgive her. Everyone attends the wedding where Veer-Rani and Vikram-Kiara remarry. Finally, Veer and Rani are reunited and the show ends on a happy note.

==Cast==
===Main===
*[[Anushka Sen]]/[[Megha Ray]] as Rani Singh Rajawat: Ramadheer's daughter; Pinku's sister; Veer's wife; Kajri's cousin; Preet's friend; Birju's best friend; Suraj's ex-fiancée (2020–2021)
* [[Fahmaan Khan]] as Dr. Veerpratap "Veer" Singh Rajawat: Rajeshwari and Ranvijay's son; Digvijay's step-son; Devraj's step-brother; Nandini and Vikram's half-brother; Rani's husband; Kiara's ex-fiancé; Suraj's step-cousin (2020–2021)
*[[Tanaaz Irani]]/[[Vivana Singh]] as Rajeshwari "Rani Sa" Singh Rajawat: Matriarch of the Rajawat family; Digvijay's wife; Ranvijay's ex-wife; Veer, Nandini and Vikram's mother; Devraj's step-mother; Padmini's sister; Vijaya's step-sister; Suraj's step-aunt (2020–2021)

===Recurring===
*Pratish Vora as Ramadheer "Ramu" Singh: Former chief-servant at Rajawat Household; Suman's son; Rani and Pinku's father; Kajri's uncle (2020–2021)
* Vivan Singh Rajput as Suraj Singh Shekhawat: Vijya's son; Veer, Vikram and Nandini's step-cousin; Rani's obsessive one-sided lover and ex-fiancé (2021)
* Sehrish Ali as Nandini Singh Shekhawat (née Rajawat): Rajeshwari and Digvijay's daughter; Vikram's sister; Veer and Devraj's half-sister; Suraj's step-cousin; Jay's wife (2020–2021)
* Pulkit Bangia as Advocate Vikram Pratap Singh Rajawat: Rajeshwari and Digvijay's son; Nandini's brother; Veer and Devraj's half-brother; Kiara's husband (2020–2021)
* Samaksh Sudi as Jay Singh Shekhawat: Malini's son; Nandini's husband (2020–2021)
* Yajuvendra Singh as Digvijay Singh Rajawat: Bhairavi's younger son; Ranvijay's brother; Kumud's ex-lover; Rajeshwari's husband; Devraj, Vikram and Nandini's father; Veer's adoptive father (2020–2021)
* Gargi Patel as Bhairavi "Rajmata" Singh Rajawat: Ranvijay and Digvijay's mother: Veer, Vikram and Nandini's grandmother (2020–2021)
* Priyal Shah as Kiara Singh Rajawat (née Raghuvanshi): Dev and Mrs. Raghuvanshi's daughter; Veer's ex-fiancée; Vikram's wife (2020–2021)
* Raymon Singh as Padmini Singh Shakhtawat: Rajeshwari's sister; Vijaya's step-sister; Nakul's widow; Veer, Vikram and Nandini's aunt (2020)
*Hiten Meghrajani as Arun Grover: A cook who liked Nandini secretly (2020–2021)
* [[Komal Sharma]] / Dolphin Dwivedi as Kumud Prajapati: Servant at Rajawat Household; Digvijay's ex- mistress; Devraj's mother; Veer's childhood governess (2020–2021)
*Karan Kaushal Sharma as Dev Raghuvanshi: Kiara's father; Mrs. Raghuvanshi's husband (2020–2021)
*Jigna Shastry as Mrs. Raghuvanshi: Kiara's mother; Dev's wife (2020)
* Akshita Arora as Suman Singh: Ramadheer's mother; Rani and Pinku's grandmother (2020–2021)
* Smita Dongre as Shanti Bajpai: Servant at Rajawat household (2020–2021)
* Sangeeta Kapure as Vijaya Singh Shekhawat: Rajeshwari and Padmini's step-sister; Suraj's mother; Veer, Vikram and Nandini's step-aunt (2021)
* [[Imran Khan (TV actor)|Imran Khan]] as Ranvijay Singh Rajawat: Bhairavi's elder son; Veer's father; Digvijay's brother; Rajeshwari's ex-husband; Vikram and Nandini's uncle (2021)
* Neeraj Khetarpal as Mr. Singh "Mausa ji": Kajri's father; Rani and Pinku's uncle (2021)
* Pratiksha Rai as Kajri Singh: Mr. Singh's daughter; Rani and Pinku's cousin; Vikram's one-sided-lover (2021)
* Manisha Singh Chauhan as Preet: Rani's college friend (2021)
* Anjali Thakkar as Malini Singh Shekawat: Jai's mother (2020)/(2021)
* Sangeeta Adhikari as Champa: Maidservant in the Rajawat household; Jay's mistress (2020–2021)
* Niklesh Rathore as Birju Bhayankar: Rani's childhood friend and one-sided lover (2020) (2021)
* Kavyaansh as Pinku Singh: Ramadheer's son; Rani's brother; Kajri's cousin (2020–2021)
* Unknown as Devraj Singh Rajawat: Digvijay and Kumud's [[illegitimate]] son; Rajeshwari's step-son; Veer's step-brother; Nandini and Vikram's half-brother (2021)

==Production==
Initially, [[Anushka Sen]] was cast for the role of Rani. She left the series three weeks after the launch claiming health issues while the producers cited that she was unprofessional and threw tantrums on the set.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/anushka-sen-replaced-in-apna-time-bhi-aayega-while-producers-cite-unprofessionalism-actress-claims-she-quit-on-health-grounds/articleshow/79078896.cms|title=Anushka Sen replaced in 'Apna Time Bhi Aayega': While producers cite unprofessionalism, actress claims she quit on health grounds|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=8 November 2020 |access-date=22 January 2021}}</ref> Anushka was replaced by Megha Ray. [[Tannaz Irani]] tested positive for [[COVID-19]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/tannaz-irani-tests-covid-19-positive-says-i-m-glad-i-didn-t-delay-taking-the-test/story-BmrfzUOgDgOxEKLoCPRChN.html|title=Tannaz Irani tests Covid-19 positive, says 'I'm glad I didn't delay taking the test'|website=Hindustan Times|date=8 December 2020|access-date=22 January 2021}}</ref> but resumed shooting after she recovered. Megha Ray had tested positive for COVID-19 and she is staying at home [[Quarantine|quarantining]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chaudhary|first=Neha|title=Persistent fever and body weakness is scary: Megha Ray on her parents testing positive for Covid-19|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=6 April 2021 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/persistent-fever-and-body-weakness-is-scary-megha-ray-on-her-parents-testing-positive-for-covid-19/articleshow/81928147.cms|url-status=live|access-date=12 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210407022241/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/persistent-fever-and-body-weakness-is-scary-megha-ray-on-her-parents-testing-positive-for-covid-19/articleshow/81928147.cms |archive-date=7 April 2021 }}</ref> She eventually tested negative and she continued working. Tannaz Irani was replaced by Vivana Singh as Rajeshwari Singh Rajawat. Irani said, "It was a random call; they told me that I was required to shoot every day, as my character is pivotal. They went on to add that they have thought it through and since I can’t travel to Goa, they are replacing me. I am shocked and confused".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cyril|first=Grace|title=Tannaz Irani gets replaced in Apna Time Bhi Aayega, says she's shocked|date=2 May 2021 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/tannaz-irani-gets-replaced-in-apna-time-bhi-aayega-says-she-s-shocked-1798052-2021-05-02|url-status=live|access-date=24 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502100945/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/tannaz-irani-gets-replaced-in-apna-time-bhi-aayega-says-she-s-shocked-1798052-2021-05-02 |archive-date=2 May 2021 }}</ref> The show telecasted its last episode on 16 October 2021.

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Apna Time Bhi Aayega
| type = [[Soundtrack]]
| artist = Puneet Dixit
| released = {{Start date|df=y|2021|9|7}}
| recorded =
| studio =
| genre =
| length = {{Duration|m=10|s=36}}
| language =
| label = [[Zee Music Company]]
| producer =
| misc = {{External media
| video1 = {{YouTube|XjUbdqgin1w|"Apna Time Bhi Aayega"}}
| video2 = {{YouTube|a3hovzokxZU|"Rangrez Piya"}}
| audio1 = [https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/apna-time-bhi-aayega/AD5sAEktl0s OST] on [[JioSaavn]]
}}
}}

Two music videos were released from the soundtrack. The first one was picturized on Anushka Sen, while second one contains different scenes from the drama featuring Megha Ray and [[Fahmaan Khan]].
{{track listing
| headline = Original Soundtrack
| extra_column = Singer
| total_length = 10:36
| all_music = Puneet Dixit
| title1 = Apna Time Bhi Aayega
| extra1 = Amrit Rajasthani Harasar, Puneet Dixit
| lyrics1 = Manasvi Arya
| length1 = 3:10
| title2 = Rangrez Piya
| extra2 = Rafiq Sagar, Esha Gaur, Puneet Dixit
| lyrics2 = Abhendra Kumar Upadhyay
| length2 = 7:26
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.zee5.com/tvshows/details/apna-time-bhi-aayega/0-6-3008 ''Apna Time Bhi Aayega''] on [[ZEE5]]
* {{IMDb title|id=13085526}}

[[Category:2020 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:Indian television soap operas]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Zee TV original programming]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Delhi]]

Silwani tehsil

2026-02-06T13:57:57Z

ShereeScotto4: made new stub initial version - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Silwani Tehsil
|native_name =
|native_name_lang =
|settlement_type = [[Tehsil]]
|image_skyline =
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| image =

|pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh#India
|pushpin_label_position = right
|pushpin_map_alt =
|pushpin_mapsize =
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Madhya Pradesh]]
|coordinates = {{coord|23.302657|N|78.441436|E|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates_footnotes = 
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{flagcountry|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = Madhya Pradesh
| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Raisen district]]
|government_type = [[Janpad panchayat ]]
|governing_body =

|area_footnotes =
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|population_total =

| population_density_km2 =
|population_density_sq_mi=
|population_urban_footnotes =
|population_urban =
| population_density_urban_km2 =
|population_density_urban_sq_mi =
|population_rural_footnotes =
|population_rural =
| population_density_rural_km2 =
|population_density_rural_sq_mi =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]

| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30

|postal_code_type = Postal code (PIN)
|postal_code = 464886
|area_code_type = 
|area_code =
| geocode =
|registration_plate =

| blank_name_sec1 =
| blank_info_sec1 =
| blank1_name_sec1 =
| blank1_info_sec1 =

| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =

| website = 
|iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|MP-IN]]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Silwani tehsil''' is a tehsil in Raisen district, Madhya Pradesh, India. It is also a subdivision of the administrative and revenue division of [[raisen district]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. Assembly constituency is Silwani.<ref>{{cite web|title=Madhya Pradesh 2013|url=http://www.myneta.info/mp2013/index.php?action=show_candidates&constituency_id=175|website=myneta.info|publisher=National Election Watch|access-date=10 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies|url=http://eci.nic.in/archive/se98/background/S12/ListACs-MP.html|website=eci.nic.in|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=10 July 2022}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Silwani]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Tehsils of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Raisen district]]

{{Bhopal-geo-stub}}

Kharif crop

2026-01-20T13:11:13Z

ShereeScotto4: formatting fix

{{More citations needed|date=April 2022}}{{Short description|Classification of crops harvested in autumn season in the Indian Subcontinent}}
{{pp-pc|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
[[File:Punjab Monsoon.jpg|thumb|View of [[Paddy field|Paddy fields]] as Rice crop is a major kharif crop grown in the monsoon season of [[Punjab, India]]]]
[[File:Wild cotton at Mission Garden (Tucson).jpg|thumb|Cotton]]
[[File:Maize crop farming.jpg|thumb|Maize]]
'''Kharif crops''', also known as '''monsoon crops''' or '''autumn crops''', are domesticated plants that are cultivated and harvested in [[India]], [[Pakistan]] and [[Bangladesh]] during the [[Indian subcontinent]]'s [[Monsoon of South Asia|monsoon season]], which lasts from June to November depending on the area.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Das|first1=N.R.|title=Crops of India|date=2011 |publisher=Scientific Publishers Journals Dept|location=1 January 2011|isbn=978-8172336813}}</ref> Monsoon rains may begin as early as May in some parts of the Indian subcontinent, and crops are generally harvested from the third week of September to October. Rice, maize, and cotton are some of the major Kharif crops in India. Unlike the [[Rabi crop]]s, which are grown in the winter, the kharif crops require good rainfall.

==Etymology==
The words ''Kharif'' and ''[[rabi crop|rabi]]'' both have their origins in the [[Arabic]] via [[Classical Persian]]. These came to be used in India with the ascent of the [[Mughal Empire]] in the Indian subcontinent and have been widely used ever since. ''Kharif'' means "[[autumn]]" in Arabic. The sowing happens during the monsoon and reaping happens close to autumn<ref>[[India Meteorological Department]]</ref>{{Circular reference|date=May 2021}} in the Indian subcontinent; this proximity to the autumn reap season is called the kharif period.<ref name="Gupta">{{cite book|last1=Gupta|first1=Akhil|title=Postcolonial Developments: Agriculture in the Making of Modern India|url=https://archive.org/details/postcolonialdeve00akhi|url-access=registration|date=20 July 1998|publisher=Duke University Press Books|isbn=0822322137}}</ref>

==Kharif season==
The Kharif season varies by crop and region, starting at the earliest in May and ending at the latest in January. In India, the season is popularly considered to start in June and end in October.<ref>[http://eands.dacnet.nic.in/At_A_Glance-2011/Appendix-IV.xls Crop Calendar of Major Crops, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India]</ref> Kharif crops are usually sown at the beginning of the first rains during the advent of the south-west monsoon season, and they are harvested at the end of monsoon season (October–November).

Monsoon sowing dates vary, occurring toward the end of May in the southern state of [[Kerala]] and reaching July in some north Indian states. In other regions like [[Maharashtra]], the west coast of India, and Pakistan, which receive rains in June, Kharif crops are sown in May, June and July.<ref name="Gopal">{{cite book|last1=Gopal|first1=Lallanji|title=History of Agriculture in India from C. Ad 1947 to the Present (History of Science, Philosophy & Culture in Indian Civilization)|date=8 September 2014|publisher=Project of History of Indian Science, Philosophy and Culture/Munshirm Manoharlal Publishers|isbn=978-8187586661}}</ref> In Bangladesh, Kharif crops are usually sown with the beginning of the first rains in June.

These crops are dependent on the quantity of rainwater as well as its timing. Too much, too little, or rain at the wrong time may lay waste to the whole year's efforts.

Kharif crops stand in contrast to the [[rabi crops]], which are cultivated during the dry season.

==Common kharif crops==
Rice is the most important Kharif crop of India. It is grown in rain-fed areas with hot and humid climates, especially the eastern and southern parts of India. Rice requires a temperature of {{convert|16|-|20|C}} during the growing season and {{convert|18|-|32|C}} during ripening. It needs rainfall from {{convert|150|-|200|cm}} and needs a flooded field during the growth period.

{{Div col}}
=== Cereals ===
* [[Jowar]] (sorghum)
* [[Maize]] (corn)
* [[Millet]]
* [[Rice]] ([[Paddy rice|paddy]] and [[deepwater rice]])

=== Fruits ===
In Kharif crop following fruits are produced:<ref>{{cite web |title=Crop Details, Crop Reporting Service |url=http://www.crs.agripunjab.gov.pk/crop_details |website=www.crs.agripunjab.gov.pk |access-date=12 August 2021 |archive-date=12 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812035739/http://www.crs.agripunjab.gov.pk/crop_details |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[Almond]]s
*[[Apple]]s
*[[Apricot]]s
*[[Bananas]]
*[[Cantaloupe]]
*[[Chikoo]]
*[[Coconut]]
*[[Date (fruit)|Dates]]
*[[Figs]]
*[[Guava]]
*[[Jamun]]
*[[Litchi]]
*[[Luffa]]
*[[Mango]]
*[[Cucumis melo|Melon]]
*[[Orange (fruit)|Orange]]
*[[Pomegrante]]
*[[Plums]]
*[[Pears]]
*[[Phalsa]]
*[[Papaya]]
*[[Peaches]]
*[[Galia melon|Sarda]]
*[[Sugarcane]]
*[[Walnut]]
*[[Watermelon]]

=== Seed plants ===
* [[Arhar]] ([[tur (bean)|tur]])
* [[Black gram]] ([[urad (bean)|urad]])
* [[Cotton]]
* [[Cowpea]] (chavala)
* [[Green gram]] ([[moong]])
* [[Peanut|Groundnut]]
* [[Guar]]
* [[Vigna aconitifolia|Moth bean]]
* [[Mung bean]]
* [[Sesame]] (til)
* [[Soybean]]
* [[Vigna mungo|Urad bean]]
* [[Red gram]] (Pigeon pea)
* [[Fennel]] ([[Saunf]])

=== Vegetables ===
List as follows:<ref name=har1>[http://haryanaseeds.gov.in/products_vegetables_kharif.html Kharif crop list] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122051716/http://haryanaseeds.gov.in/products_vegetables_kharif.html |date=22 November 2018 }}, Haryana Seeds Development Corp.</ref>
* [[Momordica charantia|Bitter gourd]] (karela)
* [[Bottle gourd]]
* [[Brinjal]]
* [[Chili pepper|Chili]]
* [[Green bean]]
* [[Okra|Ladies' fingers]]
* [[Luffa|Sponge gourd]]
* [[Tinda]]
* [[Tomato]]
* [[Turmeric]]
{{Div end}}

==See also==
{{portal|Agriculture and Agronomy}}
* [[Rabi crops]]
* [[Zaid crops]]
* [[Cash crops]]
* [[Kharif crops]] ( This page )

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120115023354/http://etawah.nic.in/farming.htm E2kB Farming – Rabi, Kharif and Zayad Crops – Animal Husbandry – Fishery]

[[Category:Crops]]
[[Category:Agriculture in India]]
[[Category:Agriculture in Pakistan]]

List of Odia films of 1996

2026-01-07T04:26:55Z

ShereeScotto4: New

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Ollywood films}}
This is a list of films produced by the [[Ollywood]] film industry based in [[Bhubaneshwar]] and [[Cuttack]] in 1996:

==A-Z==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Title !! Director !! Cast !! Genre !! Notes
|-
| {{Year header}} | '''[[1996 in film|1996]]'''
|-
|''[[Jashoda]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Yashoda|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1449288/|access-date=2019-02-06}} {{unreliable source?|date=September 2022}}</ref>||[[Hara Patnaik]] ||[[Siddhanta Mahapatra]], [[Rachana Banerjee]] || ||
|-
|''[[Jhili (film)|Jhili]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Jhili|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1449187/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>||[[Sabyasachi Mahapatra]] ||[[Soumen Pujari]], [[Swati Ray]] || ||
|-
|''[[Laxman Rekha (film)|Laxman Rekha]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Laxman Rekha|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1449207/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>||[[Mohamadd Mohsin]] ||[[Siddhanta Mahapatra]], [[Rachana Banerjee]] || ||
|-
|''[[Manara Murchana]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Manara Murchana|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1449215/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>||[[Shantunu Misra]] ||[[Swati Ray]] || ||
|-
|''[[Mo Kola To Jhulana]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Mo Kola To Jhulana|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1435544/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>||[[Himanshu Parija]] ||[[Siddhanta Mahapatra]], [[Rachana Banerjee]] || ||
|-
|''[[Mokshya]]'' <ref>{{Citation|title=Mokshya|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1449222/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>|| [[Malati Roy]], [[Gauri Shankar Das]] || [[Pushpa Panda]]|| ||
|-
|''[[Nila Masterani]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Nila Masterani|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1449227/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>||[[Chakradhara Sahu]] ||[[Minaketan]], [[Priyanka]] || ||In 1997, ''Nila Masterani'' received State Film awards in five categories: for Special jury, best editing, best sound recording, best story, and best actor.
|-
|''[[Pua Mora Bhola Sankara]]'' <ref>{{Citation|title=Pua Moro Bhola Shankara|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1449238/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>|| [[Hara Patnaik]] ||[[Uttam Mohanty]], Aparajita Mohanty, [[Siddhanta Mahapatra]], [[Priyanka]]|| ||
|-
|''[[Sakal Tirtha]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Sakal Tirtha|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1449248/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>||[[Sangrama Biswal]] ||[[Uttam Mohanty]], Aparajita Mohanty || ||
|-
|''[[Sakhi Rakhiba Mo Shankha Sindura]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Sakhi Rakhiba Mo Shankha Sindura|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1449249/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>||[[Arun Mohanty]] ||[[Siddhanta Mahapatra]] || ||
|-
|''Shunya Swaroopa''<ref>{{Citation|title=Sunya Swarupa|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1449849/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>||[[Himansu Sekhar Khatua]] || [[Ch. Bikash Das]], [[Surya Mohanty]] [[Ch. Jaya prakash Das]] Aparajita Mohanty|| || The film won a National Award in 1997. It also won five State Film Awards, including Best Feature Film, Best Director, Best Cinematography, Best Music, Best Art Direction. It participated in the Rotterdam International Film Festival 1997 (Netherlands), Goteberg International Film Festival 1997 (Sweden), Sochi International Film Festival (Russia), and Cinemajove International Film Festival (Spain).
|-
|''[[Suhaga Sindura]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Suhaga Sindura|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1449260/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>|| [[Hara Patnaik]] ||[[Siddhanta Mahapatra]], [[Rachana Banerjee]] || ||Remake of Hindi film Hum Aapke Dil Mein Rehete Hai
|-
|''[[Suna Pua]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Suna Pua|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1449261/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>|| [[Bijay Bhaskar]] ||[[Tapas Paul]], Aparajita Mohanty || ||
|-
|''[[Vasudha (1996 film)|Vasudha]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Vasudha|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1424015/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>|| [[Avatar Singh]]{{disambiguation needed|date=October 2025}} || Aparajita Mohanty, [[Mihir Das]]|| ||
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian film list}}
{{1996 films}}

[[Category:Lists of Odia films by year|1996]]
[[Category:1990s in Orissa]]
[[Category:Lists of 1996 films by language|Ollywood]]
[[Category:1996 in Indian cinema]]

Pinkicha Vijay Aso!

2025-12-31T20:38:11Z

ShereeScotto4:

{{Short description|Marathi-language TV series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Pinkicha Vijay Aso.jpg
| image_size =
| genre = [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]] [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
| writer = Sameer Garud
| based_on =
| director =
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| num_episodes = 736
| producer = [[Mahesh Kothare]] [[Adinath Kothare]]
| camera = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
| company = [[Kothare Vision]]
| network = [[Star Pravah]]
| first_aired = {{start date|2022|01|31|df=yes}}
| last_aired = {{end date|2024|05|26|df=yes}}
| related = ''[[Nimki Mukhiya]]''
}}

'''''Pinkicha Vijay Aso!''''' ({{Translation|''Hail Pinki!''}}) is an Indian [[Marathi language]] television series that premiered on 31 January 2022 on [[Star Pravah]] and ended on 26 May 2024. It starred Sharayu Sonawane and Vijay Andalkar in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Hindi TV show 'Nimki Mukhiya' all set to be remade in Marathi as 'Pinki Cha Vijay Aso' - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/hindi-tv-show-nimki-mukhiya-all-set-to-be-remade-in-marathi-as-pinki-cha-vijay-aso/articleshow/88648424.cms |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=2 January 2022 |access-date=28 November 2023}}</ref> It is produced by [[Mahesh Kothare]] and [[Adinath Kothare]] under [[Kothare Vision]]. It is an official remake of Hindi TV series ''[[Nimki Mukhiya]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=नवीन वर्षात स्टार प्रवाहवर होणार अतरंगी सतरंगी गुलजार नार 'पिंकी'ची धमाकेदार एंट्री |url=https://lokmat.news18.com/entertainment/star-prav-new-serial-marath-pinkicha-vijay-aso-start-at-january-new-year-sharayu-sonawane-playing-pinki-roll-sp-645836.html |website=[[News18 Lokmat]] |date=19 December 2021 |language=mr}}</ref>

== Plot ==
A bit quirky, a bit naive but extremely smart, Pinky becomes the first female Sarpanch of her village.

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* Sharayu Sonawane / Aarti More as Pinki Yuvraj Dhonde-Patil<ref>{{Cite web |title='पिंकीचा विजय असो' मालिकेतील अभिनेत्री आहे तरी कोण? |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/television-news/know-more-facts-about-pinky-cha-vijay-aso-actress-sharayu-sonawane/amp_articleshow/88685682.cms |website=[[Maharashtra Times]] |language=mr}}</ref>
* Vijay Andalkar as Yuvraj Gajraj Dhonde-Patil<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lagnachi Wife Wedding Chi Bayko fame Vijay Andalkar to play a pivotal role in 'Pinki Cha Vijay Aso' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/lagnachi-wife-wedding-chi-bayko-fame-vijay-andalkar-to-play-a-pivotal-role-in-pinki-cha-vijay-aso/articleshow/88849611.cms |website=[[The Times of India]]|date=12 January 2022 }}</ref>

=== Recurring ===
* Asha Shelar-Chandorkar as Sushila "Aaisaheb" Gajraj Dhonde-Patil
* Sunil Tawade as Gajraj "Bapusaheb" Dhonde-Patil
* [[Amita Khopkar]] / Charusheela Vachhani as Maaisaheb Dhonde-Patil
* Kunaal Dhumal as Jambuvant Jambhale / Sangram Shantaram Jagdale
* Adhokshaj Karhade as Banti<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sankarshan Karhade's brother and actor Adhokshaj Karhade to feature in a new show Pinki Cha Vijay Aso |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/sankarshan-karhades-brother-and-actor-adhokshaj-karhade-to-feature-in-a-new-show-pinki-cha-vijay-aso/articleshow/89240861.cms |website=[[The Times of India]]|date=31 January 2022 }}</ref>
* [[Kishori Shahane]] as Dr. Devyani Sadavarte
* [[Piyush Ranade]] as Sameer
* [[Surekha Kudachi]] as Surekha
* Saisha Salvi as Ovi
* Divesh Medge as Dolby Gajraj Dhonde-Patil
* Atul Kaswa as Mahadu Chamkore
* Sarika Salunkhe as Niri Dolby Dhonde-Patil / Niri Mahadu Chamkore
* Shantanu Gangane as Satyashil "Satya" Gajraj Dhonde-Patil
* Ramesh Rokade as Shantaram Jagdale
* Dakshata Joil as Rupa
* Rohini Naik
* Ankita Joshi as Chhabi
* Harshad Naybal as Deepak Mahadu Chamkhore
* Swapnil Ajgaonkar

=== Guest Appearances ===
* [[Surekha Punekar]] as Herself

== Adaptations ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!style="background:LightSteelBlue" | Language
!style="background:LightSteelBlue" | Title
!style="background:LightSteelBlue" | Original Release
!style="background:LightSteelBlue" | Network(s)
!style="background:LightSteelBlue" | Last aired
!style="background:LightSteelBlue" | Notes
|-
|[[Hindi]]
|''[[Nimki Mukhiya]]'' निमकी मुखिया
|28 August 2017
|[[Star Bharat]]
|10 August 2019
|Original
|-
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|''[[Thaenmozhi B.A]]'' தேன்மொழி பி.ஏ
|26 August 2019
|[[Star Vijay]]
|13 November 2021
|rowspan="3"|Remake
|-
|[[Marathi language|Marathi]]
|''Pinkicha Vijay Aso!'' पिंकीचा विजय असो!
|31 January 2022
|[[Star Pravah]]
|26 May 2024
|-
|[[Kannada]]
|''Jailalitha'' ಜಯಲಲಿತಾ
|8 December 2025
|[[Star Suvarna]]
|Ongoing
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt27418343}}
* [https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/pinkicha-vijay-aso/1260079639 ''Pinkicha Vijay Aso!''] at [[Disney+ Hotstar]]

[[Category:Marathi-language television shows]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Star Pravah original programming]]
[[Category:2024 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Remakes of Indian television series]]

Karnatak College Dharwar

2025-12-18T09:37:06Z

ShereeScotto4: adjust section further and corrected details

#REDIRECT [[Karnatak College]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Veeraghattam

2025-12-08T11:29:42Z

ShereeScotto4: expanded content

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Veeraghattam
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = te
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Village]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|18.6833|N|83.6000|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and Territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Parvathipuram Manyam district|Parvathipuram Manyam]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 14315
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name=population>{{cite web|title=Census 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=6181694|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=26 July 2014}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 532460
| registration_plate_type = [[Vehicle registration plates of India|Vehicle Registration]]
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India|AP30 (former)]] AP39 (from 30 January 2019)<ref>{{cite news |title=New 'AP 39' code to register vehicles in Andhra Pradesh launched |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2019/jan/31/new-ap-39-code-to-register-vehicles-in-state-launched-1932417.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203234146/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2019/jan/31/new-ap-39-code-to-register-vehicles-in-state-launched-1932417.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 February 2019 |access-date=9 June 2019 |work=The New Indian Express |date=31 January 2019 |location=Vijayawada}}</ref>
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Parvathipuram, Andhra Pradesh|Parvathipuram]]
| website =
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}
'''Veeraghattam''' is an Indian town in [[Srikakulam district|Parvathipuram Manyam district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is located in Veeraghattam [[mandal]] of [[Palakonda revenue division]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Mandal wise list of villages in Srikakulam district|url=http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/srikakulam.pdf|website=Chief Commissioner of Land Administration|publisher=National Informatics Centre|access-date=6 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141208022139/http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/Srikakulam.pdf|archive-date=8 December 2014|page=1}}</ref>

== Geography ==

Veeraghattam is located near the Vattigedda river and Eastern Ghats. It has an average elevation of {{convert|83|m}}.
[[File:Eastern Ghats near Veeraghattam.jpg|alt=Eastern Ghats near Veeraghattam|thumb|Eastern Ghats near Veeraghattam|none]]

== Demographics ==

{{As of|2011}} [[Census of India|census]], Veeraghattam had a population of 14,315. The total population constitute, 6,911 males and 7,404 females —a sex ratio of 1071 females per 1000 males. 1,427 children are in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 741 are boys and 686 are girls. The average literacy rate stands at 70.89% with 8,638 literates, significantly higher than the district average of 61.70%.<ref name=population /><ref>{{cite web|title=CHAPTER 2 DEMOGRAPHY|url=http://www.ap.gov.in/AP%20State%20Statistical%20Abstract%20May%202014/2%20AP%20Demography.pdf|publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh|access-date=25 February 2015|page=4|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714213923/http://www.ap.gov.in/AP%20State%20Statistical%20Abstract%20May%202014/2%20AP%20Demography.pdf|archive-date=14 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Owing to the tropical climate, agriculture and small scale business is the major occupation of the maximum population. There is no railway transport to this location, the nearest railway station is Parvatipuram Town at a distance of 27 km.

The main language spoken in the area is [[Telugu language|Telugu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Andhra Pradesh - |url=https://franciscanfamilyapostolate.org/andra-pradesh/andra-pradesh/ |access-date=2025-11-21 |language=en-US}}</ref> [[English language|English]], [[Hindi]] and other languages are also spoken.

== Notables ==

* [[Kodi Rammurthy Naidu]]
* [[Karri Narayana Rao]], member of 4th and 5th Lok Sabha representing [[Bobbili Lok Sabha constituency|Bobbili]], was born in Santha Narsipuram village.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Villages in Parvathipuram Manyam district]]

Liaison officer

2025-11-19T14:01:25Z

ShereeScotto4: minor edit

{{Short description|Coordinator and communicator between organizations}}
[[File:US Navy 090817-N-5207L-080 Naval liaison officers from Malaysia and Thailand coordinate efforts aboard the amphibious dock landing ship USS Harpers Ferry (LSD 49).jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|Naval liaison officers from Malaysia and Thailand coordinate efforts]]

A '''liaison officer''' is a person who liaises between two or more organizations to communicate and coordinate their activities on a matter of mutual concern. Generally, liaison officers are used for achieving the best utilization of resources, or employment of services of one organization by another. Liaison officers often provide technical or subject matter expertise of their parent organization. Usually, an organization embeds or attaches a liaison officer into another organization to provide [[face-to-face interaction|face-to-face]] coordination.

== Military Liaison Officers (MLO) ==
In the military, liaison officers may coordinate activities to protect units from [[collateral damage]]. They also work to achieve mutual understanding or [[unity of effort]] among disparate groups.<ref>[[Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff|Chairman, U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff]]. Civil-Military Operations, Joint Publication (JP) 1-02 (Washington, DC: CJCS, amended through October 15, 2001), p. 250.</ref> For incidence or disaster management, liaison officers serve as [[Point of contact|the primary contact]] for agencies responding to the situation.

== Expedition Liaison Officers (ELO)==
Many countries that are regularly visited by mountaineering expeditions from overseas, whose team members intend to climb at high altitudes, require that each expedition has an officially designated Liaison officer. The role of the ELO involves assisting the expedition, by managing interactions between the expedition members and the local populace and ensuring that [[Porter (carrier)|porters]], [[Sardar (Sherpa)|sirdars]] and other local people working for the expedition do their jobs effectively. In some areas the ELO's role would also involve monitoring the expedition from a security point of view. Because of the 'security' role it was normal that ELOs were military officers although in later years civilian ELOs have been appointed by some nations and some countries now designate 'open areas' in which foreign expeditions can operate without a designated ELO.<ref>{{cite web | title = Mountain Liaison Officers | website =Mountain Wilderness| date= 24 July 2023| first =Muhammad Afzel | last = Scherazi | access-date = 22 August 2024 |url = https://www.mountainwilderness.org/2023/07/24/mountain-liaison-officers/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240822120405/https://www.mountainwilderness.org/2023/07/24/mountain-liaison-officers/ | archive-date=22 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | title = The Liaison Officers School | journal =Himalayan Journal| date=2000| first =Carlo Alberto | last = Pinelli | volume = #56 | pages= 18–29 | access-date = 22 August 2024 |url = https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/56/2/the-liaison-officers-school/ }}</ref>

== Community Liaison Officers (CLO) ==
In the foreign service, community liaison officers support employees and family members who are assigned to foreign embassies.<ref>{{Cite web|title = CLO Program|url = https://2009-2017.state.gov/m/dghr/flo/c1964.htm|website = www.state.gov|access-date = 2015-10-31}}</ref> In the United States foreign service, they are charged with building community spirit and enhancing morale at post. Currently, CLOs operate at over 200 U.S. missions worldwide, including several unaccompanied posts such as Baghdad, Kabul, and Islamabad.<ref>{{Cite web|title = CLO Program|url = https://2009-2017.state.gov/m/dghr/flo/c1964.htm|website = www.state.gov|access-date = 2015-10-31}}</ref>

===Challenges===
Since one of the primary tasks of a liaison officer is often to coordinate activities between two or more organizations, people in these positions typically need to possess strong language and communication skills. This presents a challenge in the case of CLOs, who are posted to missions in their capacity as a spouse. Many have therefore not received the necessary training in order to be proficient in the local language prior to being posted overseas. According to some commentators, this makes it difficult for many CLOs to be effective at their jobs.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Time to Rethink the CLO Position {{!}} USC Center on Public Diplomacy|url = http://islandssociety.org/research/centers/public-diplomacy/publications/time-to-rethink-the-community-liaison-officer-position/|website = islandssociety.org|access-date = 2015-10-31|archive-date = 2019-01-19|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190119174625/https://www.uscpublicdiplomacy.org/blog/time-rethink-clo-position|url-status = dead}}</ref> In his words, [[Eddie Walsh (journalist)|Eddie Walsh]] argues, "Unfortunately, it is hard to understand how CLO Coordinators can effectively liaise with the local community to provide 'programming, information, resources, and referrals' about off-post activities and on-the-economy services when they are not required to be fluent in the local language." Others disagree. For example, George Wilcox counters, "In the 1990s my wife served twice as CLO, once in Central Asia, where she didn't speak the language and once in Brazil, where she did. She did an excellent job in both places, mostly because of her empathy for family members and her proactive involvement in helping them to adjust successfully to life in the two countries."<ref>{{Cite web|title = Time to Rethink the CLO Position {{!}} USC Center on Public Diplomacy|url = http://uscpublicdiplomacy.org/blog/time-rethink-clo-position|website = uscpublicdiplomacy.org|date = 30 July 2013|access-date = 2015-10-31}}</ref>

== Supporter Liaison Officers (SLOs) ==
{{main|Supporter liaison officer}}

A supporter liaison officer is a person within an [[association football]] club (or another sports club) functioning as a bridge between the club itself and supporters of the club. The SLO builds relations with the club management and the fans through two-way communication, informing supporters about decisions made by the club and informing the club about the fan's point of view. The SLO also works with security and police as well as the SLOs of other clubs to ensure that relevant knowledge is spread to all organisations participating in matches and other events of the club.<ref>{{cite book |title=UEFA Supporter Liaison Officer Handbook |publisher=[[UEFA]] |year=2011 |location=Nyon |url=https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Tech/uefaorg/General/01/84/35/28/1843528_DOWNLOAD.pdf |access-date=2017-07-31}}</ref>

==References==
{{Commons category|Liaison officers}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Collaboration]]
[[Category:Communication]]
[[Category:Occupations]]
[[Category:Military specialisms]]