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Palghar Lok Sabha constituency

2026-05-04T12:29:11Z

ShastaJfh707289: added data...

{{short description|Lok Sabha constituency in Maharashtra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Palghar Lok Sabha
| type = LS
| map_image ={{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Maharashtra/Palghar.map}}
| map_caption = Palghar Lok Sabha Constituency map
| map_alt =
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| established =19 February 2008
| assembly_cons = [[Dahanu Assembly constituency|Dahanu]]<br>[[Vikramgad Assembly constituency|Vikramgad]]<br>[[Palghar Assembly constituency|Palghar]]<br>[[Boisar Assembly constituency|Boisar]]<br>[[Nalasopara Assembly constituency|Nalasopara]]<br>[[Vasai Assembly constituency|Vasai]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| reservation = ST
| incumbent_image = 
| mp = [[Hemant Vishnu Savara]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| electors =21,48,514
| preceded_by = [[Rajendra Dhedya Gavit]]
}}
'''Palghar Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the 48 [[Lok Sabha]] (lower house of Indian parliament) constituencies of [[Maharashtra]] state in western [[India]]. This constituency was created on 19 February 2008 as a part of the implementation of the [[President of India|Presidential]] notification based on the recommendations of the [[Delimitation Commission of India]] constituted on 12 July 2002.<ref name=delimit/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/20/stories/2008022058631200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228022947/http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/20/stories/2008022058631200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 February 2008|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=Delimitation notification comes into effect|date=20 February 2008}}</ref> The seat is reserved for [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]]. It first held elections in 2009 and its first member of parliament (MP) was [[Baliram Sukur Jadhav]] of [[Bahujan Vikas Aghadi]]. As of [[2014 Indian general election|the 2014 election]], [[Chintaman Vanaga]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] represented this constituency in the Lok Sabha. After sudden demise of [[Chintaman Vanaga]], [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] gave ticket to [[Rajendra Gavit]] for by-elections.

==Assembly segments==
Palghar Lok Sabha constituency comprises six [[Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) segments. These segments are:<ref name=delimit>{{cite web|url=https://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/Downloads/Notification%20_English.pdf|format=PDF|page=24|title=Delimitation Commission of India Notification|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra|access-date=8 November 2014}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
! #
! Name
! District
! Member
! colspan="2" | Party
! colspan="2" |Leading
{{small|(in 2024)}}
|-
|128
|[[Dahanu Assembly constituency|Dahanu]] (ST)
| rowspan="6" |[[Palghar district|Palghar]]
|[[Vinod Bhiva Nikole|Vinod Nikole]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
|-
|129
|[[Vikramgad Assembly constituency|Vikramgad]] (ST)
|[[Bhoye Harishchandra Sakharam|Harishchandra Bhoye]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}}
|-
|130
|[[Palghar Assembly constituency|Palghar]] (ST)
|[[Rajendra Gavit]]
|{{party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)|rowspan=2}}
|-
|131
|[[Boisar Assembly constituency|Boisar]] (ST)
|[[Vilas Tare]]
|-
|132
|[[Nalasopara Assembly constituency|Nalasopara]]
|[[Rajan Naik]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|133
|[[Vasai Assembly constituency|Vasai]]
|[[Sneha Pandit]]
|}

== Members of Parliament ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Name
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|colspan=4|{{center|''Before 2008 : See [[Dahanu Lok Sabha constituency|Dahanu]]''}}
|-
| [[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
| [[Baliram Sukur Jadhav|Baliram Jadhav]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bahujan Vikas Aghadi}}
|-
| [[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
| [[Chintaman Vanaga]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2018 elections in India|2018]]^
| rowspan="2" | [[Rajendra Gavit]]
|-
| [[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|{{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena}}
|-
| [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| [[Hemant Savara]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Election results==

===2024===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general elections]]: [[Palghar]]}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Hemant Savara]] |votes= 601,244 |percentage= 43.69 |change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party= Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray) |candidate= Bharti Bharat Kamdi |votes= 4,17,938 |percentage= 30.37 |change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party= Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi |candidate= [[Rajesh Raghunath Patil]] |votes= 2,54,517 |percentage= 18.50 |change={{down}}28.40}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above (India)|candidate= [[None of the Above]]
|votes= 23,385 |percentage=1.70 |change={{down}}0.75}}
{{Election box majority||votes=1,83,306|percentage=13.32|change={{up}}10.92}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=13,76,677 |percentage=64.07|change={{up}}0.31}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
| loser = Shiv Sena
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Palghar]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Shiv Sena|candidate=[[Rajendra Dhedya Gavit]]|votes=5,80,479|percentage=48.28|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Vikas Aghadi|candidate=Baliram Jadhav |votes=4,91,596|percentage=40.89|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Vanchit Bahujan Aghadi|candidate=Suresh Padavi|votes=13,728|percentage=1.14|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=29,479|percentage=2.45|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes= 88,883|percentage=7.39|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=12,02,197|percentage=63.76|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
| winner = Shiv Sena
| loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===By election 2018===
{{Election box begin | title=Bye-Election, 2018: Palghar}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Rajendra Dhedya Gavit]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 2,72,782
|percentage = 30.76
|change = -22.96
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Shrinivas Chintaman Vanaga
|party = Shiv Sena
|votes = 2,43,210
|percentage = 27.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Vikas Aghadi
|candidate = [[Baliram Sukur Jadhav]]
|votes = 2,22,838
|percentage = 25.13
|change = -4.46
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Kiran Raja Gahala
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|votes = 71,887
|percentage = 8.11
|change = +0.36
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Damodar Barku Shingada]]
|votes = 47,714
|percentage = 5.38
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes = 16,884
|percentage = 1.90
|change = -0.30
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 29,572
|percentage = 3.34
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 8,86,873
|percentage = 51.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Palghar]]<ref name=turnout>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702210941/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/GE2014/PC_WISE_TURNOUT.htm|archive-date=2 July 2014|title=Parliamentary Constituency wise Turnout for General Election - 2014|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/GE2014/PC_WISE_TURNOUT.htm|access-date=2 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Maharashtra - Palghar|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS13130.htm?ac=130|access-date=1 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517135208/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS1322.htm?ac=22|archive-date=17 May 2014|publisher=Election Commission of India}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Chintaman Vanaga]]
|votes = 5,33,201
|percentage = 53.72
|change = +24.94
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Vikas Aghadi
|candidate = [[Baliram Sukur Jadhav|Baliram Jadhav]]
|votes = 2,93,681
|percentage = 29.59
|change = -0.88
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Kharpade Ladkya Rupa
|votes = 76,890
|percentage = 7.75
|change = -4.84
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Pandurang Jethya Pardhi
|votes = 16,182
|percentage = 1.63
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Haribhau Soma Vartha
|votes = 12,974
|percentage = 1.31
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Mukti Party
|candidate = Dilip Atmaram Dumada
|votes = 10,742
|percentage = 1.08
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Gavari Shyam Anant
|votes = 8,176
|percentage = 0.82
|change = -0.51
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Sachin Damodar Shingda
|votes = 7,957
|percentage = 0.80
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh
|candidate = Mohan Barku Guhe
|votes = 6,691
|percentage = 0.67
|change = -0.37
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Kashinath Laxman Kokera
|votes = 4,327
|percentage = 0.44
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes = 21,797
|percentage = 2.20
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 2,39,520
|percentage = 24.13
|change = +22.45
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 9,92,618
|percentage = 62.90
|change = +14.80
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Bahujan Vikas Aghadi
|swing = +12.91
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Palghar]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf|title=Constituency Wise Detailed Results |pages=90–91|publisher=Election Commission of India|format=PDF|access-date=30 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811090059/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf|archive-date=11 August 2014}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Vikas Aghadi
|candidate = [[Baliram Sukur Jadhav|Baliram Jadhav]]
|votes = 2,23,234
|percentage = 30.47
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Chintaman Vanaga]]
|votes = 2,10,875
|percentage = 28.78
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Damodar Barku Shingada|Damodar Shingada]]
|votes = 1,60,570
|percentage = 21.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Lahanu Kom
|votes = 92,224
|percentage = 12.59
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Pandurang Jethya Paradhi
|votes = 20,363
|percentage = 2.78
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Dalavi Bhaskar Ladku
|votes = 9,741
|percentage = 1.33
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Kashiram Mahadu Dhondaga
|votes = 7,968
|percentage = 1.09
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha
|candidate = Chandrakant Balu Phupane
|votes = 7,613
|percentage = 1.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 12,360
|percentage = 1.68
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 7,32,587
|percentage = 48.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
|winner = Bahujan Vikas Aghadi
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist|30em}}

==See also==
* [[Mumbai North Lok Sabha constituency]]
* [[Dahanu Lok Sabha constituency]]
* [[Thane district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20191010095407/https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/maharashtra/palghar/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_results.html Palghar lok sabha constituency election 2019 results details]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{palghar district topics}}
{{coords|19.7|72.8|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Palghar Lok Sabha constituency}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Maharashtra created in 2008]]
[[Category:Palghar district]]

Zila Parishad High School

2026-05-03T12:24:05Z

ShastaJfh707289: New basic article needs work

{{Short description|Indian secondary school}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
[[File:Zilla parishad high school.jpg|thumb|Zila Parishad High School]]

'''Zila Parishad High School''' ('''ZPHS''') is a type of [[State ownership|state-run]] [[Secondary School|secondary school]] in [[India]]. These schools are established, supervised, and funded by the [[District Councils of India]] (locally known as ''Zila Parishad'', district level local authorities of states).<ref>{{cite web|title=Zila Parishad Standing Committee on Education|url=http://www.teindia.nic.in/mhrd/50yrsedu/g/52/4K/524K0702.htm|website=Teacher Education|publisher=National Informatics Centre|access-date=10 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310203305/http://www.teindia.nic.in/mhrd/50yrsedu/g/52/4K/524K0702.htm|archive-date=10 March 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ZP High Schools provide education for students from grades 6-10 of the [[Secondary School Certificate]].

==Background==
Zila Parishad Schools are generally established in rural areas while other government and private high schools cater to urban areas.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Nagaraju|first=M. T. V.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pe8RUvwHxbcC&dq=Zilla+Parishad+High+School&pg=PA75|title=Study Habits Of Secondary School Students|date=2004|publisher=Discovery Publishing House|isbn=978-81-7141-893-0|language=en}}</ref>

==Administration==
Parishad Educational Officer is responsible for preparing budget for the school and disbursing salaries for Zila Parishad teachers. Director of School Education releases funds for this purpose.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sudarshanam|first=G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wY7kAAAAMAAJ&q=Zilla+Parishad+School|title=Rural Education: A Study of Universalisation of Education in India|date=1991|publisher=Gian Publishing House|isbn=978-81-212-0351-7|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Josephine|first=Yazali|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=91vLBO-V-gYC&dq=Zilla+Parishad+School&pg=PA92|title=Financing of School Education: Focus on Equality & Development|date=2004|publisher=Anamika Publishers & Distributors|isbn=978-81-7975-030-8|language=en}}</ref>

==Zila Parishad High Schools (ZPHS) in Andhra Pradesh==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! No.
! School name
! Village/Town
! District
! State
! Established
|-
| 1
| Zila Parishad High School (ZPHS), Pedanandipadu
| Pedanandipadu
| Guntur
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1917
|-
| 2
| ZPHS, Piduguralla
| Piduguralla
| Palnadu
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1942
|-
| 3
| ZPHS, Kanchikacherla
| Kanchikacherla
| Krishna
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1948
|-
| 4
| ZPPHS Boys, Jangareddigudem
| Jangareddigudem
| Eluru
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1949
|-
| 5
| ZPHS, Chapara
| Chapara
| Srikakulam
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1950
|-
| 6
| ZPHS, Gollavilli
| Gollavilli
| East Godavari
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1951
|-
| 7
| ZPHS, Makkuva
| Makkuva
| Vizianagaram
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1951
|-
| 8
| ZPHS, Vatsavai
| Vatsavai
| Krishna
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1951
|-
| 9
| ZPHS, Kothavalasa
| Kothavalasa
| Vizianagaram
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1952
|-
| 10
| ZPHS, Chinnapalli Palem
| Chinnapalli Palem
| Nellore
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1952
|-
| 11
| ZPHS Girls, Kandukur
| Kandukur
| Nellore
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1952
|-
| 12
| ZPHS, Singupuram
| Singupuram
| Srikakulam
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1955
|-
| 13
| ZPHS, Kesanapalli
| Kesanapalli
| East Godavari
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1957
|-
| 14
| ZPHS, Alamanda Koduru
| Alamanda Koduru
| Visakhapatnam
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1958
|-
| 15
| ZPHS, Molagavalli
| Molagavalli
| Kurnool
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1959
|-
| 16
| ZPHS, Koduru
| Koduru
| Srikakulam
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1959
|-
| 17
| ZPHS, Gonegandla
| Gonegandla
| Kurnool
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1960
|-
| 18
| ZPHS, Badinehal (Adoni)
| Badinehal (Adoni)
| Kurnool
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1960
|-
| 19
| ZPHS, Tiruchanur
| [[Tiruchanur]]
| Chittoor
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1960
|-
| 20
| ZPHS, Chembakur
| [[Chembakur]]
| Chittoor
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1960
|-
| 21
| ZPHS, Kadiam
| [[Kadiam]]
| East Godavari
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1961
|-
| 22
| ZPHS, Mulapadu
| Mulapadu
| Krishna
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1961
|-
| 23
| ZPHS, Gotlagattu
| Gotlagattu
| Prakasam
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1961
|-
| 24
| ZPHS, B N Kandriga
| B N Kandriga
| Chittoor
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1961
|-
| 25
| ZPHS, Pathatekkali (Palasa)
| Pathatekkali (Palasa)
| Srikakulam
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1961
|-
| 26
| ZPHS, Nidamanuru
| [[Nidamanuru, Krishna district|Nidamanuru]]
| NTR
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1962
|-
| 27
| ZPHS, Pullalacheruvu
| [[Pullalacheruvu]]
| Prakasam
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1962
|-
| 28
| ZPHS, J R Puram
| J R Puram
| Srikakulam
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1962
|-
| 29
| ZPHS, Venkatagiri
| [[Venkatagiri]]
| Tirupati
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1963
|-
| 30
| ZPHS, Kanithi
| Kanithi
| Visakhapatnam
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1965
|-
| 31
| ZPHS, Chinnayagudem
| Chinnayagudem
| West Godavari
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1966
|-
| 32
| ZPHS, Jonnavalasa
| Jonnavalasa
| Vizianagaram
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1966
|-
| 33
| ZPHS, Iskapalli
| [[Iskapalli]]
| Nellore
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1967
|-
| 34
| ZPHS, Gopalapatnam
| [[Gopalapatnam]]
| Visakhapatnam
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1968
|-
| 35
| ZPHS, Goljam
| Goljam
| Vizianagaram
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1968
|-
| 36
| ZPHS, Nunna (Vijayawada)
| Nunna (Vijayawada)
| Krishna
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1969
|-
| 37
| ZPHS, Nagulavaram
| [[Nagulavaram]]
| Guntur
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1972
|-
| 38
| ZPHS, Martur (Ongole)
| Martur (Ongole)
| Bapatla
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1975
|-
| 39
| ZPHS, Pallam
| [[Pallam]]
| Tirupati
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1976
|-
| 40
| ZPHS, Narava (Gopalapatnam)
| Narava (Gopalapatnam)
| Visakhapatnam
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1978
|-
| 41
| ZPHS, Pedda Harivanam
| Pedda Harivanam
| Kurnool
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1979
|-
| 42
| SASR ZPHS, CHV Gudem (Mylavaram)
| CHV Gudem (Mylavaram)
| Krishna
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1980
|-
| 43
| ZPHS, Nandyalampeta
| [[Nandyalampeta]]
| Kadapa
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1980
|-
| 44
| ZPHS, Ipur
| [[Ipur, Palnadu district|Ipur]]
| Palnadu
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1980
|-
| 45
| ZPHS, Cherukupalli
| [[Cherukupalli]]
| Bapatla
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1981
|-
| 46
| ZPHS, Ilavaram
| [[Ilavaram]]
| Bapatla
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1981
|-
| 47
| ZPHS, Tallapudi
| [[Tallapudi]]
| West Godavari
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1982
|-
| 48
| ZPHS, Sathrawada
| [[Sathrawada]]
| Chittoor
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1982
|-
| 49
| ZPHS, Sanivarapupeta
| [[Sanivarapupeta]]
| Eluru
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1984
|-
| 50
| ZPHS, Savalyapuram
| [[Savalyapuram]]
| Palnadu
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1984
|}

==See also==
* [[Mandal Parishad Primary School]]
* [[Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}


[[Category:High schools in India]]

{{India-school-stub}}

G. V. R. Rao

2026-04-21T22:05:20Z

ShastaJfh707289: Put up new bio initial version

{{Infobox person
|name= G.V.R.Rao (Gadicharla V R Rao)
|birth_date= 24 June 1918
|birth_place= [[Rajahmundry]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]
|death_date={{death date and age|df=yes|2005|5|27|1918|06|24}}
|death_place= [[Thousand Oaks, California]], USA
|known_for= [[Bell nozzle]], also commonly called the Rao Nozzle<ref name="Nozzles - GA tech" />
}}

'''Gadicharla V.R. Rao (G. V. R. Rao)''', D.Sc. (June 24, 1918- May 27, 2005) was an Indian [[aerospace engineering|aerospace engineer]] who worked in the jet engine and rocket propulsion fields.<ref name="Rao Recent Developments" /> Rao worked for General Electric in their Gas Turbine Division department and was a research scientist at [[Marquardt Corporation|Marquardt Aircraft]], before working for [[Rocketdyne]],<ref name="Rao Recent Developments" /> where he designed the [[bell nozzle|optimum thrust nozzle]]. Often referred to as the "Rao's nozzle", it is part of the standard design for rocket engines.<ref name="Obituary" /> The Rao Nozzle is used currently in rocket, missile, and satellite control systems worldwide. It is taught in universities that offer Aerospace Engineering, including [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT),<ref name="Nozzles - MIT" /> [[California Institute of Technology ]] (Caltech),<ref name="Nozzles - Caltech" /> and [[Georgia Institute of Technology]].<ref name="Nozzles - GA tech" />

During his career, he also worked on aerodynamic and fluid dynamic design projects, such as chemical lasers, the space shuttle main engines<ref name="Obituary" /><ref name="NASA" /><ref name="Pelaccio, Rao, et. al" /> scramjet and aerospike rocket engines, and wind-powered generators.<ref name="Obituary" />

==Personal life and education ==
On June 24, 1918, Rao was born in [[Rajahmundry]]<ref name="Rao Recent Developments" /><ref name="Obituary" /><ref name="Who's who" /> in the [[Andhra Pradesh]] province of southeastern India. His father was a school headmaster. Rao was born into a large [[Brahmin]] household,<ref name="Obituary" /> and is related to [[Gadicherla Harisarvottama Rao]], a well-known freedom fighter for India's independence.

Rao attended Madras Engineering College, and then came to the United States, where he received his D.Sc. in Aeronautical Engineering from [[New York University]] in 1949.<ref name="Rao Recent Developments" />

He met and married Mary Fabrizio in New York, and they subsequently moved to [[Bangalore]], India.<ref name="Obituary" /><ref name="Who's who" /> Rao and Mary returned to America after their first son, Raman was born. Rao then worked at General Electric. Their second son, Krishna was born, and the family subsequently moved to [[Woodland Hills, California]].<ref name="Obituary" /> In 1976, the Raos moved to [[Thousand Oaks, California|Thousand Oaks]]. Rao died at the age of 86 on May 27, 2005.<ref name="Obituary" />

==Career==
[[File: Nozzles of Saturn-V.JPG |thumb|right|Nozzles of Saturn-V]]
[[File: Common_Extensible_Cryogenic_Engine.jpg|thumb|Nozzle of an extensible Cryogenic Engine]]

===Educator===
After receiving his D.Sc., Rao taught in [[Bangalore]], India at the Graduate Research Institute.<ref name="Obituary" />

===Aerospace engineer===

From 1952 to 1955, Rao worked for General Electric in their Gas Turbine Division. He was then a research scientist
at [[Marquardt Corporation|Marquardt Aircraft]] until 1958. Rao then worked for [[Rocketdyne]] in California as a design analyst.<ref name="Rao Recent Developments" /><ref name="Missiles and Rockets" />

Beginning in the mid-1950s, Rao began to use mainframe computers at [[Rocketdyne]] to make computations for the design of rocket nozzles. Kramer and Wheelock state, "Rao developed a method for determining the nozzle contour that would produce the maximum thrust for any given nozzle area ratio and length... The optimum turned out to be not only more efficient but also considerably shorter by about 60% than a 15-degree conical nozzle of the same area."<ref name="KraemerWheelock2006" /> George P. Sutton, who worked with Rao at Rocketdyne, said that "bell shape or curved exit contour is used almost universally today for nozzles designed since about 1960 for large as well as small thrust chamber nozzles" and for both solid and liquid propellants.<ref name="Sutton 2006" /> In 1963, the Advanced Propulsion Section of NASA published ''Computation of Plug Nozzle Contours by the Rao Optimum Thrust Method'' about a study that was performed to design a [[plug nozzle]] using Rao's maximum thrust theory using a [[Fortran|FORTRAN computer program]].<ref name="NASA 1963" /> In 1983, Rao's design was modified, with a slightly different contour, to maximize performance.<ref name="Tuttle" />

In 1961, Rao worked at National Engineering Science Company as associate director.<ref name="Rao Recent Developments" /> By 1970, he formed his own company, G. V. R. Rao and Associates, through which he contracted with NASA.<ref name="NASA 1970" /> He worked at [[Rockwell International]] for [[Marshall Space Flight Center]] in 1988.<ref name="Tech Notes" /> During his career, he also worked on aerodynamic and fluid dynamic design projects, such as chemical lasers, the space shuttle main engines<ref name="Obituary" /><ref name="NASA" /><ref name="Pelaccio, Rao, et. al" /> scramjet and aerospike rocket engines, and wind-powered generators.<ref name="Obituary" />

His patented inventions include Device for thrust spoiling and thrust reversal (1957),<ref name="Patent 1957" /> Quiet fan with non-radial elements (1975),<ref name="Patent 1975" /> Shock wave suppressing flow plate for pulsed lasers (1984),<ref name="Patent 1984" /><ref name="Patent 1984/1990" /> and Mixing aids for supersonic flows (1990).<ref name="Patent 1984/1990" /><ref name="Patent 1990" />

==Publications==

* {{ cite journal | author=Rao, G. V. R. | title=Exhaust Nozzle Contour for Optimum Thrust |journal=Journal of Jet Propulsion | volume=28 | number=6 |date=June 1958|pages= 377–382 | doi=10.2514/8.7324 }}
* {{ citation | author=Rao, G. V. R. | title= Contoured Rocket Nozzles. Paper presented at Ninth Annual Cong. Int. Astronautical Federation (Amsterdam) | date= August 1958 }}
* {{ Cite book | author=Rao, G. V. R. | title=Liquid Rockets and Propellants | pages=669–682 | chapter=Analysis of a New Concept Rocket Nozzle |date=May 1960 |publisher=American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics| doi=10.2514/5.9781600864759.0669.0682 | isbn=978-1-56347-851-2 }}
* {{ cite journal | author=Rao, G. V. R. | title=Approximation of Optimum Thrust Nozzle Contour | journal=ARS Journal | volume= 30 | number=6 | date=June 1960 | page= 561 }}
* {{ cite book | author=Rao, G. V. R. | chapter=Nozzle Contours | title=Handbook of Astronautical Engineering | publisher= McGraw-Hill | location= New York | year=1961 | quote= Chapter 20.33 }}
* {{cite book|last=Rao|first=G. V. R.|title=Study of Non-radial Stators for Noise Reduction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iqRH3IDWYBAC|year=1971|publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration}}

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="KraemerWheelock2006">{{cite book|last1=Kraemer|first1=Robert S.|last2=Wheelock|first2=Vince|title=Rocketdyne: Powering Humans Into Space|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m7Uq-B6RbYC&pg=PA83|year=2006|publisher=AIAA|isbn=978-1-56347-754-6|page=83}}</ref>

<ref name="Missiles and Rockets">{{cite book|title=Missiles and Rockets|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ct8iAQAAMAAJ|date=January 1958|publisher=American Aviation Publications|page=175}}</ref>

<ref name="Obituary">{{cite news | title=Gadicherla V R Rao | newspaper=Ventura Star Newspaper | date=May 28, 2005 | quote=It was posted soon after his death, the exact date is unclear | url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Gadicheria_V_R_Rao-obituary_published_in_Ventura_County_Star_Paper-around-may-27-2005_01.jpg | accessdate=November 27, 2016 }}</ref>

<ref name="NASA">{{cite journal | title=Flow Induced Vibration in SSME Injection heads | publisher=Rocketdyne Division, Rockwell International | date= June 1991 | url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19910021900.pdf | accessdate=November 27, 2016 | via=NASA | last1=Lepore | first1=Frank A. }}</ref>

<ref name="NASA 1963">{{cite web | title=Computation of Plug Nozzle Contours by the Rao Optimum Thrust Method. NASA Technical Document | date=July 1, 1963 | url=https://archive.org/details/nasa_techdoc_19630012034 | accessdate=November 27, 2016 }}</ref>

<ref name="NASA 1970">{{cite book|title=NASA Tech Brief|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XzI8AAAAMAAJ&q="G.+V.+R.+"+OR+"G.V.R."+Rao|year=1970|publisher=NASA}}</ref>

<ref name="Nozzles - Caltech">{{cite web | url=http://www.astro.caltech.edu/~srk/ay125/Nozzle |title=Nozzles | website=Caltech | author=S. R. Kulkarni | page=8 | accessdate=November 27, 2016 }}</ref>

<ref name="Nozzles - GA tech">{{cite web | url=http://soliton.ae.gatech.edu/people/jseitzma/classes/ae6450/bell_nozzle.pdf | title=Bell/Contoured Nozzles | website=GA Tech | accessdate=November 27, 2016 | archive-date=July 26, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726093303/http://soliton.ae.gatech.edu/people/jseitzma/classes/ae6450/bell_nozzle.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="Nozzles - MIT">{{cite web | title=Types of Nozzles; Connection of flow to nozzle shape. MIT OpenCourseWare: Lecture 8 | url=http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/aeronautics-and-astronautics/16-50-introduction-to-propulsion-systems-spring-2012/lecture-notes/MIT16_50S12_lec8.pdf | website=MIT | accessdate= July 30, 2016 | page=6 }}</ref>

<ref name="Patent 1957">{{cite web | title=Device for thrust spoiling and thrust reversal - US Patent 2,791,088 A |date= May 7, 1957 | url=http://www.archpatent.com/patents/2791088 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20140811010248/http://www.archpatent.com/patents/2791088 | archivedate=August 11, 2014 }}</ref>

<ref name="Patent 1975">{{cite web | title=Quiet fan with non-radial elements - United States Patent: 3,883,264 | date=May 13, 1975 | url=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=3883264.PN.&OS=PN/3883264&RS=PN/3883264 | publisher=United States Patent and Trademark Office | accessdate=November 27, 2016 | archive-date=February 7, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207162753/http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=3883264.PN.&OS=PN/3883264&RS=PN/3883264 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="Patent 1984">{{cite web | title=Shock wave suppressing flow plate for pulsed laser - US patent: 4,457,000 | date=June 1984 | url=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4457000.PN.&OS=PN/4457000&RS=PN/4457000 | publisher=United States Patent and Trademark Office | accessdate=November 27, 2016 | archive-date=February 7, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207174331/http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/srchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4457000.PN.&OS=PN/4457000&RS=PN/4457000 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="Patent 1984/1990">{{ cite web | url=http://patents.justia.com/inventor/gadicherla-v-r-rao | title=Patents by Inventor Gadicherla V. R. Rao | website=Justia | accessdate=November 27, 2016 }}</ref>

<ref name="Patent 1990">{{cite web |title=Mixing aids for supersonic flows - United States Patent 4,899,772 |date=February 13, 1990 |url=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4899772.PN.&OS=PN/4899772&RS=PN/4899772 |publisher=United States Patent and Trademark Office |accessdate=November 27, 2016 |archive-date=February 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207174326/http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4899772.PN.&OS=PN/4899772&RS=PN/4899772 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="Pelaccio, Rao, et. al">{{citation | author1=D.G. Pelaccio | author2=F.F. Lepore | author3=G.M. O'Connor | author4= G.V.R. Rao | author5=G.H. Ratekin |author6= S.T. Vogt | url=https://archive.org/details/nasa_techdoc_19850018587| title=Experimental Evaluation of an Advanced Space Shuttle Main Engine Hot Gas Manifold Design Concept | publisher=American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) |number=84–1463 | date=June 1984 }}</ref>

<ref name="Rao Recent Developments">{{cite journal | url=https://webfiles.uci.edu/dbeerer/aerospike/RaoRecentDevinRockNozConfig.pdf | title=Recent Developments in Rocket Nozzle Configurations | author=G. V. R. RAO | journal=ARS Journal | date=November 1961 | volume=31 | issue=11 | pages=1488–1494 | doi=10.2514/8.5837 | accessdate=November 27, 2016 | archive-date=August 28, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828144141/https://webfiles.uci.edu/dbeerer/aerospike/RaoRecentDevinRockNozConfig.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="Sutton 2006">{{cite book|last=Sutton|first=George Paul|title=History of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s1C9Oo2I4VYC|year=2006|publisher=AIAA|isbn=978-1-56347-649-5|page=92}}</ref>

<ref name="Tech Notes">{{cite book|title=Tech Notes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZuhZpdTJg5MC|year=1988|publisher=U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service, Center for the Utilization of Federal Technology|page=26}}</ref>

<ref name="Tuttle">{{ Cite journal | author1=J. L, Tuttle | author2=D. H. Blount | title=Perfect Bell Nozzle Parametric and Optimization Curves - NASA Reference Publication 1104 | url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19830016278.pdf | publisher= NASA | date=May 1983 |accessdate= July 30, 2016 | pages=7–8 }}</ref>

<ref name="Who's who">{{cite book|title=Who's who in World Aviation and Astronautics|year=1958|publisher=American Aviation Publications, Inc.|page=362}}</ref>
}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|last=Huzel|first=Dieter K.|title=Modern Engineering for Design of Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engines|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TKdIbLX51NQC&pg=PA76|year=1992|publisher=AIAA|isbn=978-1-60086-400-1|page=76}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rao, G. V. R.}}
[[Category:American aerospace engineers]]
[[Category:Engineers from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:1918 births]]
[[Category:2005 deaths]]
[[Category:Rocketdyne]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian inventors]]
[[Category:People from Rajahmundry]]
[[Category:Indian aerospace engineers]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:American people of Telugu descent]]
[[Category:20th-century American engineers]]
[[Category:20th-century American inventors]]

Rajouri Garden Assembly constituency

2026-04-18T23:43:52Z

ShastaJfh707289: added new info...

{{Short description|Constituency of the Delhi legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Rajouri Garden
| mla = [[Manjinder Singh Sirsa]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
| established = 1993
| state = [[Delhi]]
| district = [[New Delhi]]
| type = SLA
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image = Manjinder Singh Sirsa.jpg
| constituency_no = 27
}}
'''Rajouri Garden Assembly constituency''' is one of the 70 [[Delhi Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of the [[National Capital Territory]] in [[India]].

==Overview==
The current Rajouri Garden constituency came into existence in 2008 as a part of the implementation of the recommendations of the Delimitation Commission of India constituted in 2002.<ref name="eci1">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|page=549}}</ref>
Rajouri Garden is part of [[West Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|West Delhi Lok Sabha constituency]] along with nine other Assembly segments, namely, [[Madipur (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Madipur]], [[Tilak Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Tilak Nagar]], [[Hari Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Hari Nagar]], [[Najafgarh (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Najafgarh]], [[Janakpuri (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Janakpuri]], [[Vikaspuri (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Vikaspuri]], [[Dwarka (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Dwarka]], [[Matiala (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Matiala]] and [[Uttam Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Uttam Nagar]].

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Delhi Assembly Election 2020 - State Wise and Party Wise Results |url=https://www.elections.in/delhi/assembly-constituencies/rajouri-garden.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[1993 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Ajay Maken]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}
|-
| [[1998 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
| [[2003 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|-
| 2004^
| Ramesh Lamba
|-
| [[2008 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| [[Dayanand Chandila]]
|-
| [[2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
| [[Manjinder Singh Sirsa]]
| {{Full party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|-
| [[2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2015]]
| [[Jarnail Singh (politician, born 1973)|Jarnail Singh]]
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
| 2017^
|[[Manjinder Singh Sirsa]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
| [[Dhanwati Chandela]]
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
|[[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
|[[Manjinder Singh Sirsa]]
|{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}
==Election results==
=== 2025 ===
<section begin="Assembly Election 2025"/>
{{Election box begin|title=[[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2025]]: Rajouri Garden<ref name="Delhi Assembly Elections Results 2025 - Rajouri Garden">{{cite news |title=Delhi Assembly Elections Results 2025 - Rajouri Garden |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenFeb2025/candidateswise-U0527.htm |access-date=20 February 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=8 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250220045024/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenFeb2025/candidateswise-U0527.htm |archive-date=20 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Rajouri Garden Constituency Election Results 2025">{{cite news |title=Rajouri Garden Constituency Election Results 2025 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/delhi/constituency-show/rajouri-garden |access-date=20 February 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=8 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250220045159/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/delhi/constituency-show/rajouri-garden |archive-date=20 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party=Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate=[[Manjinder Singh Sirsa]]
|votes=64,132
|percentage=55.86
|change= {{Increase}}20.73
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Aam Aadmi Party
| candidate = [[Dhanwati Chandela]]
| votes = 45,942
| percentage = 40.04
| change = {{decrease}}15.66
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Dharampal Chandela|votes=3,198|percentage=2.79|change={{decrease}}0.25}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=NOTA|candidate=None of the above|votes=783|percentage=0.68|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=18,190|percentage=15.84|change={{decrease}}4.73}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=114,806|percentage=63.3|change={{increase}}1.29}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
| winner =BJP
| loser =Aam Aadmi Party
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
<section end="Assembly Election 2025"/>

=== 2020 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2020"/>
{{Election box begin|title=[[2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2020]]: Rajouri Garden<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/sad-happy-to-contest-from-4-seats-in-delhi/articleshow/73340816.cms |title=Delhi assembly elections: SAD happy to contest from 4 seats in Delhi |date=18 January 2020 |author=Atul Mathur |access-date= 10 July 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Aam Aadmi Party
| candidate = Dhanwati Chandela
| votes = 62,212
| percentage = 55.70
| change = +42.58
}}{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Ramesh Khanna|votes=39,240|percentage=35.13|change=-16.86}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Sukhpal Singh|votes=5,218|percentage=4.67|change=New}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Amandeep Singh Sudan|votes=3,398|percentage=3.04|change=-30.19}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=None of the Above|votes=694|percentage=0.62|change=-0.20}}
{{Election box majority||votes=22,972|percentage=20.57|change=+1.81}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,11,771|percentage=62.01|change=-10.35}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
| winner = Aam Aadmi Party
| loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
| swing = +42.58
}}
{{Election box end}}
===2017 results===
<section begin="Assembly Election 2017"/>
{{Election box begin|
title=By-election, 2017: Rajouri Garden<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/ByeElec2017/Results/27-RajouriGardan.pdf 2017 Rajouri Garden By-election - Election Commission of India]</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/rajouri-garden-bypoll-voters-say-leaders-change-but-issues-remain-the-same/story-AgcK2RRI6Dp4t0uDtGlN0L.html |title=Rajouri Garden bypoll: Voters say leaders change, but issues remain the same |date=10 April 2017 |author=Abhinav Rajput |access-date= 10 July 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[Manjinder Singh Sirsa]]
| votes = 40,602
| percentage = 51.99
| change = +13.95
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Meenakshi Chandela
| votes = 25,950
| percentage = 33.23
| change = +21.23
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Aam Aadmi Party
| candidate = Harjeet Singh
| votes = 10,243
| percentage = 13.12
| change = -33.43
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Hardeep Singh
| votes = 225
| percentage = 0.29
| change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Davinder Singh Negi
| votes = 219
| percentage = 0.28
| change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = All India Forward Bloc
| candidate = Lalit Taak
| votes = 211
| percentage = 0.27
| change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = None of the above
| candidate = None of the Above
| votes = 641
| percentage = 0.82
| change = +0.27
}}
{{Election box majority|
| votes = 14,652
| percentage = 18.76
| change = +10.25
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 78,091
| percentage = 47.32
| change = -25.04
}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors = 1,68,026
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
| winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
| loser = Aam Aadmi Party
| swing = +23.69
}}
{{Election box end}}
<section end="Assembly Election 2020"/>
=== 2015 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2015"/>
{{Election box begin|
title=[[2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2015]]: [[Rajouri Garden]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Aam Aadmi Party
| candidate = [[Jarnail Singh (born 1973)|Jarnail Singh]]
| votes = 54,916
| percentage = 46.55
| change = +29.85
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Shiromani Akali Dal
| candidate = [[Manjinder Singh Sirsa]]
| votes = 44,880
| percentage = 38.04
| change = -2.89
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Meenakshi Chandela
| votes = 14,167
| percentage = 12.01
| change = -18.12
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Shiv Sena
| candidate = Gurbaksh Singh
| votes = 1,706
| percentage = 1.45
| change = +0.09
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Moin Khan
| votes = 384
| percentage = 0.33
| change = -0.22
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Jarnail Singh
| votes = 382
| percentage = 0.32
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Jarnail Singh
| votes = 280
| percentage = 0.24
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Sumit
| votes = 240
| percentage = 0.20
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Suman Chandila
| votes = 101
| percentage = 0.09
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Lokesh
| votes = 88
| percentage = 0.07
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Livis Chandela
| votes = 74
| percentage = 0.06
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Praveen Kumar
| votes = 39
| percentage = 0.03
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Jasvindra Singh
| votes = 36
| percentage = 0.03
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Bhagat Singh
| votes = 29
| percentage = 0.02
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = None of the above
| candidate = None of the Above
| votes = 649
| percentage = 0.55
| change = -0.62
}}
{{Election box majority|
| votes = 10,036
| percentage = 8.51
| change = -2.29
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 1,17,977
| percentage = 72.36
| change = +3.44
}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors = 1,63,042
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
| winner = Aam Aadmi Party
| loser = Shiromani Akali Dal
| swing = +28.71
}}
{{Election box end}}
<section end="Assembly Election 2015"/>
=== 2013 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2013"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2013]]: [[Rajouri Garden]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Shiromani Akali Dal
| candidate = Manjinder Singh Sirsa
| votes = 41,721
| percentage = 40.93
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Dhanwanti Chandela
| votes = 30,713
| percentage = 30.13
| change = -7.45
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Aam Aadmi Party
| candidate = Prit Pal Singh
| votes = 17,022
| percentage = 16.70
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Nationalist Congress Party
| candidate = Jai Prakash Lohia
| votes = 5,752
| percentage = 5.64
| change = -12.99
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Rajender
| votes = 2,468
| percentage = 2.42
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Shiv Sena
| candidate = Jasvinder Singh
| votes = 1,389
| percentage = 1.36
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = None of the above
| candidate = None of the Above
| votes = 1,194
| percentage = 1.17
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 11,008
| percentage = 10.80
| change = +10.75
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,01,947
| percentage = 68.93
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Shiromani Akali Dal
| loser = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
<section end="Assembly Election 2013"/>

===Elections in the 2000s===
<section begin="Assembly Elections 2000s"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2008 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2008]]: Rajouri Garden<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2008/stats_DL_2008.pdf 2008 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Dyanand Chandila]]
| votes = 31,130
| percentage = 37.58
| change = -12.37
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Shiromani Akali Dal (Simranjit Singh Mann)
| candidate = Avtar Singh Hit
| votes = 31,084
| percentage = 37.53
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Nationalist Congress Party
| candidate = Duli Chand
| votes = 15,434
| percentage = 18.63
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Shamsher Singh Mehendi
| votes = 1,563
| percentage = 1.89
| change = -5.34
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Vinod Sharma
| votes = 1,469
| percentage = 1.77
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Balbir Singh Bir
| votes = 240
| percentage = 0.29
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Nawab Singh
| votes = 227
| percentage = 0.27
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Rashtriya Aikta Manch Party
| candidate = Bahar Miya
| votes = 220
| percentage = 0.27
| change = +0.10
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Rajindar Kumar
| votes = 205
| percentage = 0.25
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Sarabjeet Singh
| votes = 203
| percentage = 0.25
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Pragatisheel Congress
| candidate = Amarjeet Kaur
| votes = 169
| percentage = 0.20
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Amit Chandela
| votes = 124
| percentage = 0.15
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Daljeet Singh
| votes = 115
| percentage = 0.14
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Kuldeep Singh Anand
| votes = 107
| percentage = 0.13
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Hind Raksha Sena
| candidate = Bhagwan Dass
| votes = 98
| percentage = 0.12
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Avtar Singh Diwan
| votes = 86
| percentage = 0.10
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Jai Prakash Dhiman
| votes = 80
| percentage = 0.10
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Jai Prakash Lohia
| votes = 69
| percentage = 0.08
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Gajendra Yadav
| votes = 61
| percentage = 0.07
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Om Prakash
| votes = 54
| percentage = 0.07
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Vijender
| votes = 50
| percentage = 0.06
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Rasid Khan
| votes = 45
| percentage = 0.05
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 54
| percentage = 0.05
| change = -9.44
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 82,833
| percentage = 62.0
| change = +24.05
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| swing = -12.37
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin | title=Delhi Legislative Assembly By-election, 2004: Rajouri Garden<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ByeElection/ByeOct2004/U05/ac/be_ae_U05_15.htm 2004 Assembly Bye Election results, Election Commission of India]</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Ramesh Lamba
| votes = 19,193
| percentage = 49.95
| change = -19.08
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Ramesh Khanna
| votes = 15,544
| percentage = 40.46
| change = +14.21
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Virender Kumar
| votes = 2,776
| percentage = 7.23
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian Justice Party
| candidate = Jatinder Singh
| votes = 320
| percentage = 0.83
| change = +0.53
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Sandeep
| votes = 141
| percentage = 0.37
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Labour Party
| candidate = Chandra Singh Mehrat
| votes = 130
| percentage = 0.34
| change = -0.06
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Lalit Babu
| votes = 99
| percentage = 0.26
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Rashtriya Aikta Manch Party
| candidate = Gopi Chand
| votes = 66
| percentage = 0.17
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Gurunam Singh
| votes = 66
| percentage = 0.17
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Ravi Kumar
| votes = 66
| percentage = 0.17
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Ashwani Kumar Khanna
| votes = 21
| percentage = 0.05
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 3,649
| percentage = 9.49
| change = -33.29
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 38,422
| percentage = 37.95
| change = -19.96
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| swing = -19.08
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin | title=[[2003 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2003]]: Rajouri Garden<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_NOV_2003/StatisticalReports_DEL_Nov2003.pdf 2003 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Ajay Maken]]
| votes = 39,515
| percentage = 69.03
| change = +3.30
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Sarabjit Singh
| votes = 15,028
| percentage = 26.25
| change = -4.30
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Rashtriya Samajwadi Party (United)
| candidate = Sarup Singh Tur
| votes = 656
| percentage = 1.15
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Moti Lal Bairwa
| votes = 605
| percentage = 1.06
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Shiv Sena
| candidate = Subhash Chander
| votes = 428
| percentage = 0.75
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Labour Party
| candidate = Chandra Singh Mehrat
| votes = 231
| percentage = 0.40
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Ved Prakash
| votes = 224
| percentage = 0.39
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Akhand Bharti
| candidate = Dr Rajesh Kumar Bhatia
| votes = 182
| percentage = 0.32
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian Justice Party
| candidate = Kamal Kumar Khanna
| votes = 171
| percentage = 0.30
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Teck Chand Malhotra Alias Titoo
| votes = 153
| percentage = 0.27
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Arun Vij
| votes = 49
| percentage = 0.09
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 24,487
| percentage = 42.78
| change = +17.60
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 57,242
| percentage = 57.91
| change = +7.29
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| swing = +3.30
}}
{{Election box end}}
<section end="Assembly Elections 2000s"/>
===Elections in the 1990s===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1998 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 1998]]: Rajouri Garden<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-DEL98.pdf 1998 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Ajay Maken]]
| votes = 36,060
| percentage = 65.73
| change = +14.78
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Shashi Prabha Arya
| votes = 16,763
| percentage = 30.55
| change = -13.96
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Shakuntla
| votes = 1,094
| percentage = 1.99
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Subhash Bairwa
| votes = 367
| percentage = 0.67
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Jagdish Prasad Nainawat
| votes = 233
| percentage = 0.42
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Sahib Singh
| votes = 187
| percentage = 0.34
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Rashtriya Aikta Manch Party
| candidate = Gopi Chand Tyagi
| votes = 70
| percentage = 0.13
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Neeraj Malik
| votes = 56
| percentage = 0.10
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Tara Chand
| votes = 32
| percentage = 0.06
| change = +0.03
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 19,297
| percentage = 25.18
| change = +18.74
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 54,862
| percentage = 50.62
| change = -15.63
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| swing = +14.78
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin | title=[[1993 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 1993]]: Rajouri Garden<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatRep_DL_93.pdf 1993 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Ajay Maken]]
| votes = 28,075
| percentage = 50.95
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Manohar Lal Kumar
| votes = 24,524
| percentage = 44.51
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Janata Dal
| candidate = Jai Prakash Tyagi
| votes = 1,454
| percentage = 2.64
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Gurcharan Singh
| votes = 203
| percentage = 0.37
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Narinder
| votes = 144
| percentage = 0.26
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Brij Lal
| votes = 117
| percentage = 0.21
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Satender
| votes = 99
| percentage = 0.18
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Manmohan
| votes = 96
| percentage =0.17
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Kanihiya Lal
| votes = 74
| percentage = 0.13
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Anokha Singh
| votes = 73
| percentage = 0.13
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Kherati Lal
| votes = 58
| percentage = 0.11
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Shankar Lal Maurya
| votes = 39
| percentage = 0.07
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Rattan Singh Virk
| votes = 34
| percentage = 0.06
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = S N Gupta
| votes = 34
| percentage = 0.06
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Hari Parshad
| votes = 24
| percentage = 0.04
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Darshan Singh
| votes = 19
| percentage = 0.03
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Sham Sunder
| votes = 19
| percentage = 0.03
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Tara Chand
| votes = 14
| percentage = 0.03
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 3,551
| percentage = 6.44
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 55,100
| percentage = 66.25
| change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
| winner = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Rajouri Garden]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of New Delhi}}
{{coords|28.645|77.121|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Delhi]]
[[Category:Delhi Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:West Delhi district]]
[[Category:Politics of Delhi]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1993]]
[[Category:1993 establishments in Delhi]]

National Social Entrepreneurship Forum

2026-04-18T21:57:02Z

ShastaJfh707289: Started New Article

{{Infobox non-profit
| name = National Social Entrepreneurship Forum
| image = File:NSEF.tif
| type = Non Profit
| founded = February 2009
| location = Headquarters in Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| website = http://nsef-india.org
}}

'''National Social Entrepreneurship Forum (NSEF)''' is a [[non-profit organization]] supporting youth-driven social innovations & entrepreneurship in India.

__TOC__

==History==
National Social Entrepreneurship Forum was founded by Yashveer Singh<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-11-14 |title=Taking ideals and ideas to the classroom |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/Taking-ideals-and-ideas-to-the-classroom/articleshow/10720529.cms |access-date=2024-10-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}} </ref> and Srikumar Murthy G in 2009 at [[Bangalore]], India. Since its inception, NSEF has undertaken social entrepreneurial activities in several academic institutes<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-04-17 |title=PEC invites students to post own social business plan |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/pec-invites-students-to-post-own-social-business-plan/ |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}} </ref> and cities<ref>{{Cite web |title=How to marry social impact and business, and win |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report-how-to-marry-social-impact-and-business-and-win-1457212 |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=DNA India |language=en}} </ref> across India and has worked in collaboration with various organizations such as [[Villgro]], Samhita Social Ventures,<ref>{{Cite web|title = NSEF: Promoting change makers|url = http://blog.samhita.org/2010/08/national-social-entrepreneurship-forum.html|website = blog.samhita.org|accessdate = 2015-11-05}}</ref> [[NASSCOM]] Social Innovation Honours, Ashoka Innovators for the Public, and Sankalp Forum to enable youth-driven social innovations and young social entrepreneurs. NSEF has trained thousands of students through its programs across India.{{Citation needed|date = November 2015}}

==Programs==

* NSEF Idea Conferences - A platform to educate students about social innovations and to provide them with a launch pad for their social entrepreneurial ideas.<ref>Loyola Institute of Business Administration, Chennai Idea Conference : ''http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-downtown/article2443382.ece?css=print'' </ref>
* NSEF Authors of Change Program - A solutions delivery program for key challenges that social organizations are facing, by connecting them to student talent from across the country through internships.<ref>NSEF Authors of Change : ''http://www.sunday-guardian.com/young-restless/intern-and-help-bring-about-social-change'' </ref>
* NSEF Fellowship - A support program for students who start social ventures after completing college, to connect them with the resources and network they would need to grow their ventures.<ref>Future of Social Entrepreneurship : ''http://www.socialearth.org/interview-the-future-of-social-entrepreneurship-in-india'' </ref>

==References==

{{Reflist}}
* http://www.nextbillion.net/blogpost.aspx?blogid=2657
* http://www.nextbillion.net/blog/nsef-a-net-impact-for-india-
* http://www.mybangalore.com/article/0910/being-the-change-yashveer-singh-takes-social-entrepreneurship-to-students-and-universities.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071917/http://www.mybangalore.com/article/0910/being-the-change-yashveer-singh-takes-social-entrepreneurship-to-students-and-universities.html |date=2016-03-04 }}
* http://sankalpforum.com/national-social-entrepreneurship-forum-joins-hands-with-sankalp-forum-announces-launch-of-flagship-program/
* http://www.coolavenues.com/bschools/040809/iiml-entrepreneurship-social-samriddhhi.php

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.nsef-india.org/}}
[[Category:Social entrepreneurship]]
[[Category:Entrepreneurship in India]]

Chaitanya Raj Singh

2026-04-18T14:16:46Z

ShastaJfh707289: Put up first bio from scratch

{{Short description|Maharawal of Jaisalmer since 2020}}
{{infobox royalty
| name = Chaitanya Raj Singh
| title = [[Chhatrala Yadupati]] Rukn-ud-Daula Maharajadhiraja Raj-Rajeshwar Parama Bhattarak Muzaffar Jang Bijaimand
| succession = {{Br separated entries|[[Maharawal]] of [[Kingdom of Jaisalmer|Jaisalmer]]|and Head of [[Bhati]] clan}}
| reign = 28 December 2020{{sndash}}present
| coronation = 15 January 2021
| predecessor = [[Brijraj Singh Bhati|Brijraj Singh]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1993|12|24}}
| house = {{flagicon image|Jaisalmer_Flag.svg}} [[Kingdom of Jaisalmer|Jaisalmer]]
| father = [[Brijraj Singh Bhati|Brijraj Singh]]
| mother = [[Raseshwari Rajya Laxmi]]
| dynasty = [[Bhati]]
| module = {{infobox person
|embed = yes
| education = {{ubl|[[Sanskriti School]]|[[SOAS University of London]]}}
}}
}}
'''Chaitanya Raj Singh''' (born 24 December 1993) is the current [[Maharawal]] of [[Kingdom of Jaisalmer|Jaisalmer]] and head of the [[Bhati]] clan of [[Rajput|Rajputs]].
==Early life, family, and education==
Singh was born on 24 December 1993 as the first child of [[Brijraj Singh Bhati|Brijraj Singh]], the Maharawal of Jaisalmer, and his wife, [[Raseshwari Rajya Laxmi]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Soszynski |first=Henry |title=JAISALMER |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/j/jaisalmer.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718093208/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/j/jaisalmer.html |archive-date=2017-07-18 |access-date=2026-04-09 |website=members.iinet.net.au}}</ref> His mother is a descendant of [[Bir Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=SJB Rana |first=Prabhakar |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Ranas_of_Nepal/GE1uAAAAMAAJ |title=The Ranas of Nepal |last2=SJB Rana |first2=Pashupati |last3=SJB Rana |first3=Gautam |date=2003 |publisher=Timeless Books |pages=204 |language=en}}</ref> He first studied at [[New Delhi]]'s [[Sanskriti School]] and then went to [[SOAS University of London]] to study [[politics]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=From Patiala's Princess Inayatinder Kaur to Jaisalmer's Chaitanya Raj, A look at India's royal reformers - From Patiala's Princess Inayatinder Kaur to Jaisalmer's Chaitanya Raj, a look at India's royal reformers - |url=https://www.hellomagazine.in/royalty/story/from-patialas-princess-inayatinder-kaur-to-jaisalmers-chaitanya-raj-a-look-at-indias-royal-reformers-1210053-2025-05-07 |access-date=2026-04-09 |website=Hello Magazine |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite news |date=2025-08-08 |title=Who is Chaitanya Raj Singh, and why is he trending |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/etimes/trending/who-is-chaitanya-raj-singh-and-why-is-he-trending/articleshow/123183569.cms |access-date=2026-04-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Career ==
He is the founder of Everest Eco Hemp Pvt. Ltd., director of Polstrat Communications Pvt. Ltd., and director of Citta Education Foundation India.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=The New York Family Office Conference |url=https://nyc-wealth.com/ |access-date=2026-04-10 |website=The New York Family Office Conference |language=en-US}}</ref> He is also Chairman of the Girdhar Smark Dharmath Nyas Trust, which runs the Jaisalmer Fort Palace Museum.<ref name=":5" /> He is actively involved in promoting sustainable development, heritage restoration, education, and water conservation in Jaisalmer.<ref name=":4" />

== Succession ==
Singh became Maharawal of Jaisalmer immediately upon the death of his father on 28 December 2020.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-12-29 |title=Scion of Jaisalmer’s erstwhile royal family Brijraj Singh dies |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/scion-of-jaisalmers-erstwhile-royal-family-brijraj-singh-dies/articleshow/79999235.cms |access-date=2026-04-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Traditionally, the Maharawal is also regarded as the head of the Bhati clan of Rajputs.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lethbridge |first=Sir Roper |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Golden_Book_of_India/bHiBAAAAIAAJ |title=The Golden Book of India: A Genealogical and Biographical Dictionary of the Ruling Princes, Chiefs, Nobles, and Other Personages, Titled Or Decorated, of the Indian Empire |date=1893 |publisher=Macmillan |pages=204 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Encyclopaedia_Britannica/ekr54rC2hxMC |title=The Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature |date=1902 |publisher=Little, Brown |pages=748–749 |language=en}}</ref> His coronation was held on 15 January 2021 at [[Jaisalmer Fort]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=ANI |date=2021-01-15 |title=Sonar Fort witnesses coronation of Chaitanya Raj Singh as 44th 'Maharawal' of Jaisalmer - www.lokmattimes.com |url=https://www.lokmattimes.com/national/sonar-fort-witnesses-coronation-of-chaitanya-raj-singh-as-44th-maharawal-of-jaisalmer/ |access-date=2026-04-09 |website=Lokmat Times |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2021-01-15 |title=WATCH: Chaitanya Raj Singh Bhati takes oath as 44th Jaisalmer king |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/english/videos/top-videos/watch-chaitanya-raj-singh-bhati-takes-oath-as-44th-jaisalmer-king/na20210115173414933 |access-date=2026-04-09 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref> It was attended by members of various royal families and a large number of people.<ref name=":1" /> The number of people who attended is estimated to be 25,000–30,000.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=2021-01-16 |title=Chaitanyaraj Singh crowned 44th Maharawal of Jaisalmer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/chaitanyaraj-singh-crowned-44th-maharawal-of-jaisalmer/articleshow/80294051.cms |access-date=2026-04-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Following the completion of rituals associated with his coronation, he went to the temple of Swangiya Devi to seek her blessings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sonar Fort witnesses coronation of Chaitanya Raj Singh as 44th 'Maharawal' of Jaisalmer |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/sonar-fort-witnesses-coronation-of-chaitanya-raj-singh-as-44th-maharawal-of-jaisalmer20210115201914/ |access-date=2026-04-09 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Afterwards, he went in a procession throughout the city of [[Jaisalmer]] in an open jeep with a cavalcade of horses, camels and a band, and was warmly received by local people.<ref name=":2" />

His title holds no official status under Indian law.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Parliament of India |url=http://archive.org/details/E13841971009161722 |title=The Constitution of India (26th Amendment) Act 1971 |date=1971 |pages=813–814}}</ref> The [[Twenty-sixth Amendment of the Constitution of India|twenty-sixth amendment]] to the [[Constitution of India]] abolished the formal recognition of royal titles, privileges, and associated entitlements previously granted to the rulers of [[Princely states in India|princely states]].<ref name=":3" />

== Engagements ==
On 30 August 2025, the cities of Jaisalmer and [[Carcassonne]] in [[Occitania]], [[France]], entered into a [[Twinning (cooperation)|twinning agreement]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2025-08-31 |title=Jaisalmer Inks Deal With Historic French City Carcassonne For Cultural, Urban Development |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!state/jaisalmer-inks-deal-with-historic-french-city-carcassonne-for-cultural-urban-development-enn25083102987 |access-date=2026-04-10 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2024-10-27 |title=Talks On To Boost Tourism In Jaisalmer On Lines Of Southern France's Carcassonne City |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!state/talks-on-to-boost-tourism-in-jaisalmer-on-lines-of-southern-frances-carcassonne-city-enn24102702840 |access-date=2026-04-10 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref> He attended the signing of the agreement and was made [[Honorary citizenship|honorary citizen]] of Carcassonne.<ref name=":6" /> On 5 August 2026, he asked the [[National Council of Educational Research and Training|NCERT]] to remove the factually incorrect map in the Social Science textbook for Class 8 (Unit 3, page 71) that depicts [[Kingdom of Jaisalmer|Jaisalmer]] as part of the then [[Maratha Empire]].<ref name=":4" /><ref><nowiki><ref></nowiki>{{Cite web |last=India Today Education Desk |first= |date=2025-08-06 |title=Jaisalmer royal slams NCERT for showing region under Maratha rule in 1759 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/ncert-textbook-controversy-jaisalmer-royal-calls-maratha-empire-map-misleading-2767152-2025-08-06 |access-date=2026-04-10 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> NCERT afterwards acknowledged that it received his feedback and removed the controversial map.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-03-17 |title=NCERT removes controversial map from Class 8 textbook after historical objections |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/ncert-removes-controversial-map-from-class-8-textbook-after-historical-objections/articleshow/129629619.cms |access-date=2026-04-10 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==References==
<references />
[[Category:1993 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Alumni of SOAS University of London]]
[[Category:People from Jaisalmer]]
[[Category:People from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Indian royalty]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]

Kapasan Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:33:33Z

ShastaJfh707289: put up basic post basic info

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Rajasthan State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kapasan
| map_image = Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan-167-Kapasan.svg
| state = [[Rajasthan]]
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 167
| district = [[Chittorgarh district|Chittorgarh]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Chittorgarh Lok Sabha constituency|Chittorgarh]]
| established = 1972
| reservation = SC
| mla = [[Arjun Lal Jingar]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| electors = {{formatnum:269727}}<ref name=election2023/>{{update after|2029|1}}
}}
'''Kapasan Assembly constituency''' is one of the 200 [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Rajasthan]] state in [[India]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008 |website=Election Commission of India |date=26 November 2008 |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref><ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=https://ceorajasthan.nic.in/map/RAJASTHAN_ACS_MAP/RAJASTHAN_ACS_MAP.pdf |title=New Assembly Constituencies |website=ceorajasthan.nic.in |date=25 January 2006| access-date=12 February 2021}}</ref>

It is part of [[Chittorgarh district|Chittorgarh]] district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Castes]]. As of 2023, it is represented by [[Arjun Lal Jingar]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].{{update after|2029|1}}

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2003 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|Badri Lal Jat<ref name=election2003>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3403-rajasthan-2003/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election 2003 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=14 January 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|Shankar<ref name=election2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3407-rajasthan-2008/|title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 December 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<ref name=election2013>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3411-rajasthan-2013/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election 2013 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=30 September 2021}}</ref>
|rowspan=3| [[Arjun Lal Jingar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<ref name=election2018/>
|-
|[[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/eci-backend/public/all_files/full-statistical-reports/rajasthan/2023/Detailed_Results.pdf |title=State Election,2023 to the legislative assembly of Rajasthan |website=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 12 February 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
|-
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]: Kapasan<ref name="election2023"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Arjun Lal Jingar
|votes = {{formatnum:84778}}
|percentage = 42.02
|change = +0.01
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Shankar Lal Berwa
|votes = {{formatnum:63434}}
|percentage = 31.44
|change = -6.96
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Loktantrik Party
|candidate = Anandi Ram
|votes = {{formatnum:29425}}
|percentage = 14.58
|change = +0.42
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Dinesh Chandra Bunkar
|votes = {{formatnum:15527}}
|percentage = 7.7
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2845}}
|percentage = 1.41
|change = -0.31
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:21344}}
|percentage = 10.58
|change = +6.97
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:201758}}
|percentage = 74.8
|change = -2.8
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|Rajasthan Legislative Assembly Election, 2018]]: Kapasan<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9645-statistical-data-of-rajasthan-la-2018/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan LA 2018 |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = Arjun Lal Jingar
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:81470}}
|percentage = 42.01
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Anandi Ram
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:74468}}
|percentage = 38.4
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Loktantrik Party
|candidate = Shanti Lal
|votes = {{formatnum:27464}}
|percentage = 14.16
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Chunni Lal
|votes = {{formatnum:1833}}
|percentage = 0.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3329}}
|percentage = 1.72
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:7002}}
|percentage = 3.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:193911}}
|percentage = 77.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Chittorgarh district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan}}

{{coord|24.88|74.31|display=title}}

[[Category:Chittorgarh district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Politics of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1972]]
[[Category:1972 establishments in Rajasthan]]

Laxmipeta Massacre

2026-04-08T21:50:57Z

ShastaJfh707289: Started Info - done

{{Short description|Caste-based attack in India}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{AI-generated|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox civilian attack
| title = Laxmipeta Massacre
| location = Laxmipeta, [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]
| date = 12 June 2012
| partof = [[Caste-related violence in India]]
| type = Caste-based violence
| fatalities = 5
| injuries = Several
| victims = Dalit Mala
| perpetrators = [[Kapu (caste)|Kapu Caste]]
| motive = Caste-based dominance
}}
'''Laxmipeta Massacre''' refers to a brutal [[caste]]-based attack that occurred in Laxmipeta village, Vangara mandal, [[Srikakulam district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], on June 12, 2012. The violence was initiated by members of the [[Kapu (caste)|Kapu]] caste against the landless [[Dalit|Mala]] (Dalit) community, resulting in the deaths of five Dalits and injuries to several others. The assailants, armed with sticks, [[axe]]s, [[spear]]s, and country-made [[bomb]]s, launched an unprovoked assault on the Dalit colony, causing significant damage and displacing many residents.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2012-11-23 |title=Laxmipet Dalit Killings {{!}} Economic and Political Weekly |url=https://www.epw.in/journal/2012/47-48/commentary/laxmipet-dalit-killings.html |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=www.epw.in |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Economy Group |first=Hyderabad Political |date=2012 |title=Laxmipet Dalit Killings |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41720404 |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=47 |issue=47/48 |pages=26–28 |issn=0012-9976}}</ref>

The Kapus, who held economic power and growing political influence in the region, were reportedly unwilling to acknowledge the Dalits' traditional claims to land. The incident was a culmination of escalating tensions and systematic violence, triggered by the Dalits' assertion of their rights and their resistance against perceived oppression.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2015-04-24 |title=Court to Hold In Situ Trial of Lakshmipeta Massacre |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2015/Apr/24/court-to-hold-in-situ-trial-of-lakshmipeta-massacre-746411.html |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> This massacre highlighted the persistent discriminatory and violent tendencies of caste hierarchies in modern Indian society, drawing widespread condemnation from Dalit activists and human rights organisations.<ref name="thewire.in">{{Cite web |title=12 years on, Dalit Survivors of Andhra Pradesh's Laxmipeta Massacre Await Justice |url=https://thewire.in/caste/12-years-on-dalit-survivors-of-andhra-pradeshs-laxmipeta-massacre-await-justice |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=The Wire |language=en}}</ref> Following the incident, the [[Criminal Investigation Department (India)|Crime Investigation Department (CID)]] identified approximately 80 Kapus for their role in the violence, and later a significant number of Kapu accused were subsequently arrested and jailed, demonstrating the scale and magnitude of the attack.<ref name=":0"/> It also generated widespread outrage from Dalit activists of the state and led to the formation of Andhra Pradesh Dalit Mahasabha which drew inspiration from [[Ambedkar]]'s ideals and stood for Dalit rights, and fought against [[untouchability]] and exclusion.

== Background ==
Laxmipeta village, located along the ayacut (command area) of the [[Madduvalasa]] reservoir in northern [[Andhra Pradesh]], has a long history of caste-based stratification. The Turpu [[Kapu (caste)|Kapu]] community, while categorized as an [[Other Backward Class|OBC]], had achieved significant economic prosperity and wielded considerable political influence in the region, leading them to assert dominance over the historically marginalised [[Dalit]] communities. The Malas, a [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Caste]], largely comprised landless agricultural laborers who had traditionally worked on lands owned by Kapus or relied on common lands for their livelihood.<ref name="thewire.in"/>

Several factors converged to ignite the conflict:<ref name=":1" />

* '''Land Dispute:''' A primary trigger was a dispute over land that had emerged from the submergence of the Madduvalasa reservoir project. The state government had acquired 7,852 acres of land for the project, affecting 21 villages, including Laxmipeta. After the reservoir's height was reduced by two feet, 250 acres of acquired land became usable again. Of this, 190 acres were cultivated by Turpu Kapus (despite having received compensation and resettlement packages), while 60 acres were cultivated by Dalits. The Kapus began asserting claims over the land the Dalits had been cultivating for years, creating intense friction. The Dalits, for the first time, began actively asserting their traditional rights, even filing complaints under the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act against the Kapus. This defiance was perceived as a direct challenge to the Kapu's established dominance and "caste-supremacy."<ref name=":2" />
* '''Challenging Untouchability and Social Distance:''' The Dalits' assertion also visibly disrupted traditional norms of [[untouchability]], reducing the physical and social distance between them and the Kapus. This breakdown of traditional hierarchy contributed to simmering tensions.
* '''Political Assertion by Dalits:''' A significant contributing factor was the election of a Dalit woman as the [[Sarpanch]] (village head) of Laxmipeta. Under provisions for unanimously elected village [[Panchayati raj|panchayats]], ₹5 lakh was allocated for village development. The Dalit Sarpanch used these funds to provide basic amenities like drinking water, roads, and drainage in the Dalit colony, demonstrating autonomy and bypassing the traditional intervention of the Turpu Kapus. This visible exercise of power by a Dalit woman was perceived as a direct threat to the Kapu community's traditional caste dominance and privileges.

As tensions escalated, both groups lodged multiple police complaints, leading authorities to caution against violence. However, a premeditated plan for a large-scale attack by the Kapus was already underway.

== Violence ==
On the morning of June 12, 2012, a large mob of Turpu [[Kapu (caste)|Kapus]], comprising men, women, and even teenagers from Laxmipeta and neighbouring villages, arrived in tractors, [[Auto rickshaw|auto-rickshaws]], and bicycles. This armed horde launched a sudden and brutal assault on the unsuspecting Mala ([[Dalit]]) street. They attacked Dalits indiscriminately with axes, spears, sticks, country-made bombs, knives, stones, and chilli powder, hurling casteist slurs and vowing to destroy the locality. The rampage lasted for hours, during which five Dalit men were killed on the spot (the death toll later rose to six), and over 40 people, including women and children, were severely injured. Houses in the Dalit colony were damaged, and many residents were forced to flee for their lives.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-04-24 |title=Lakshmipet massacre case |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/lakshmipet-massacre-case/article7139696.ece |access-date=2025-07-06 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Initial reports indicated that local police did not intervene effectively or arrive in time, despite multiple distress calls, raising serious questions about state complicity or negligence in protecting the vulnerable Dalit community.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-06-13 |title=Four Dalits done to death in Srikakulam village |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/four-dalits-done-to-death-in-srikakulam-village/article3520527.ece |access-date=2025-07-06 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Aftermath and convictions ==
The Laxmipeta massacre immediately triggered widespread outrage and protests from Dalit organisations, human rights activists, and civil society groups across Andhra Pradesh and India. Demands for justice and protection for the victims resonated nationally. Following the bloodbath, the then Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, [[Kiran Kumar Reddy|N. Kiran Kumar Reddy]], visited the village to meet survivors and Dalits sheltering in a local hospital. While assuring justice and rehabilitation, the state government set up a fast-track court to try the case, aiming for a verdict within six months. The CID (Crime Investigation Department) took over the investigation and charged around 80 individuals with the killings. A special court was established in Laxmipeta itself to conduct an in-situ trial, a rare measure aimed at expediting proceedings and ensuring victim participation. The trial began in April 2015. While the legal process has been prolonged due to the complexity of the case and appeals, it has seen significant arrests and charges filed. As of recent reports (2024), twelve years after the massacre, Dalit survivors continue to await full justice, highlighting the enduring challenges in securing convictions and ensuring comprehensive rehabilitation in such caste-atrocity cases.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2016-06-28 |title=Settle Laxmipeta victims' issues in three months: SC panel chief |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2016/Jun/28/settle-laxmipeta-victims-issues-in-three-months-sc-panel-chief-885759.html |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

The Laxmipeta massacre, serves as a stark reminder of the deeply entrenched caste hierarchies in rural India. It underscores how economic power, political influence, and traditional notions of "honor" and "status" can lead to extreme violence when challenged by the assertion of rights and dignity by marginalised communities. The incident also reignited debates on land rights, police accountability, and the effective implementation of protective legislation for [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]].<ref name=":0" />

== Analysis ==
Dag-Erik Berg's analytical framework of 'dominant caste' (drawing from M. N. Srinivas) is highly pertinent here. While the [[Kapu (caste)|Kapu]] community is traditionally classified as an [[Other Backward Class|Other Backward Class (OBC)]] and not an upper caste in the traditional ''[[Varna (Hinduism)|Varna]]'' system, their significant economic prosperity and burgeoning political influence in the post-colonial era enabled them to function as a ''de facto'' dominant caste in regions like [[Srikakulam]].

Their claim to social superiority and local dominance was heavily predicated on the subordination and 'exclusion' of Dalits, who, in the traditional ritual classification, were relegated to the status of "[[Untouchables (caste)|untouchables]]." Berg's analysis highlights that when the ritual superiority or social dominance of a caste is not entirely self-evident or is open to dispute (as with OBCs asserting dominance over Scheduled Castes), it often needs to be enforced through violence. Their everyday dominance in Laxmipeta involved not just material exploitation through land and labor control but also the explicit use of force to maintain social order. The deep-rooted notion that 'untouchables' are "nobodies" supposedly justified this violence in the eyes of the perpetrators.

The massacre is seen as a direct consequence of the Dalits' attempts to 'correct' the unfair behavior and dominance of the Kapus. The [[Dalit|Malas]]' assertion of their land rights, their utilization of legal recourse (filing atrocity cases), and particularly the election of a Dalit woman as Sarpanch—a visible challenge to Kapu political hegemony—were perceived as a direct affront to their established superiority. The Kapus, in line with Berg's and other scholars' observations on dominant caste behavior, felt their caste-supremacy was challenged and sought to "teach a lesson" to the Dalits for their defiance.<ref name=":1" />{{quote box
| quote = "These Dalits are becoming too audacious. They need to be taught a lesson for standing up to us."
— Perceived sentiment among Kapu perpetrators leading up to the Laxmipeta massacre, reflecting the desire to reassert dominance.
| align = right
| width = 30%
}} While the economic class dimension is undeniably intertwined with caste oppression (with Dalits often being landless laborers exploited by dominant caste landowners), the Dalit movement in Andhra Pradesh (and reinforced by subsequent massacres like Laxmipeta) emphasizzed the critical need to address the issue of caste in its specificity. It highlighted that caste plays a predominant and independent role in the underlying social conflict, driving violence even when economic disparities are present. The continuous struggle for land rights and dignity by Dalits, as seen in Laxmipeta, further propelled the Dalit movement's focus on Ambedkar's ideas of "Annihilation of Caste," promoting self-assertion, dignity, and demanding legal protection from the state against untouchability and exclusion.

== See also ==

* [[Tsundur massacre]]
* [[List of Scheduled Castes in Andhra Pradesh & Telangana]]

== Citations ==
<references responsive="1"></references>

== Bibliography ==

* {{cite book |last1=Srinivasulu |first1=K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7AkcAAAACAAJ |title=Caste, Class and Social Articulation in Andhra Pradesh, India: Mapping Differential Regional Trajectories |date=2002 |publisher=Overseas Development Institute |isbn=978-0-85003-612-1 |language=en |ref={{sfnref|Srinivasulu, Caste, Class and Social Articulation in AP|2002}}}} [https://odi.org/en/publications/caste-class-and-social-articulation-in-andhra-pradesh-india-mapping-differential-regional-trajectories/ Available online]

== External links ==

* [https://thewire.in/rights/12-years-on-dalit-survivors-of-andhra-pradeshs-laxmipeta-massacre-await-justice 12 years on, Dalit Survivors of Andhra Pradesh's Laxmipeta Massacre Await Justice]

{{coord missing|Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Caste-related violence in India]]
[[Category:Violence against Dalits in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Massacres in 2012]]

Thaka Dhimi Tha Dancing Star

2026-04-05T03:52:02Z

ShastaJfh707289: New new data w/ sources.

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Thaka Dhimi Tha Dancing Star Logo.jpg
| image_size = 220
| caption = ''Anybody can dance!''
| alt_name = MTS Takdhimita Dancing Star
| genre = Dance
| creator =
| based_on = [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa]]
| developer = [[BBC Worldwide]]
| writer =
| director =
| creative_director =
| presenter = {{Plainlist}}
*[[Akul Balaji]]
{{endplainlist}}
| starring =
| judges = {{Plainlist}}
* [[Guruprasad]]
* [[Rakshita]]
* [[Yogesh (lyricist)|Yogesh]]
{{endplainlist}}
| voices =
| narrated =
| theme_music_composer =
| opentheme =
| endtheme =
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 34
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer =
| editor =
| location = [[Bengaluru]]
| cinematography =
| camera = Multi-camera
| runtime =
| company = [[Viacom 18]]
| channel = [[ETV Kannada]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2014|01|11}}
| last_aired = {{End date|df=yes|2014|05|04}}
| related = {{Plainlist}}
* [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa]]
* [[Strictly Come Dancing]]
* [[Dancing with the Stars]]
{{endplainlist}}
}}
'''''Thaka Dhimi Tha Dancing Star''''' (ತಕಧಿಮಿತ ಡಾನ್ಸಿಂಗ್ ಸ್ಟಾರ್) is a [[Kannada]] dance reality show broadcast by [[ETV Kannada]] in 2014. It is an adaptation of [[Colors TV]]'s ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa]]''. The show format is owned by [[BBC Worldwide]]. It features celebrities as contestants who are paired with professional dancers competing for a cash prize of {{INR}}15 Lakhs. The judges are [[Guruprasad]],<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/tv/Rakshita-to-judge-dance-reality-show/articleshow/27856047.cms The Times of India: Rakshita to judge dance reality show]</ref> [[Rakshita]], and [[Yogesh (actor)|Yogesh]]. [[Akul Balaji]] is the host. The show premiered on 11 January 2014.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140110143745/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/kannada/article/102069.html India Glitz: Dancing Star in ETV]</ref>

Grand finale was held at Innovative Film City and was broadcast on 4 May 2014. Tsunami Kitty and [[Disha Madan]] won the ''Dancing Star'' title for season one. The show was produced by [[Pixel Pictures Private Limited]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/actress-disha-madan-takes-up-dalgonacoffee-challenge/articleshow/75045360.cms|title=Actress Disha Madan takes up #dalgonacoffee challenge|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=8 April 2020}}</ref>

==Contestants==
A total of 12 celebrities, mostly TV actors, are coupled with dancing partners for the show.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/tv/Nurse-Jayalakshmi-Rishikumara-Swamji-Sihi-Kahi-Chandru-to-shake-a-leg/articleshow/28628075.cms The Times of India: Contestant list]</ref><ref>[http://www.thisweekbangalore.com/etv-kannada-launches-mts-takadhimita-dancing-star/ THIS WEEK BANGALORE: MTS Dancing Star]</ref>

Six out of twelve celebrities are associated with the broadcast channel in various programs. Apart from ''Rishi Kumara'' and ''Kumudha'', all the celebrities do not have any prior experience in dancing.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; white-space:nowrap; margin:auto; font-size:95%;"
|-
!width=20| #
!width=120| Celebrity
!width=200| Claim to fame
! width=140|Professional partner
|-
| 1
| Jayalakshmi
| [[Bigg Boss Kannada 1|Bigg Boss Kannada]] <br />contestant
| Danny Jackson<br /> [[Bengaluru]]

|-
| 2
|Chandan
|TV actor <br />[[Lakshmi Baramma]]
|Meghna Kamath<br /> [[Tulu Nadu]]

|-
| 3
| Saniya Iyer
| TV actress <br />Puttagowri Maduve
| Dhanush <br /> [[Mandya]]

|-
| 4
| [[Dodda Ganesh]]
| Cricketer<br />Bowler
| Shruthi <br /> [[Karavali]]

|-
| 5
| Kumudha
|Model
|Suman Shetty <br /> [[Shimoga]]

|-
| 6
| Rishi Kumara
|[[Bigg Boss Kannada 1|Bigg Boss Kannada]] <br />contestant
|Tanusha <br /> [[Mysore]]

|-
| 7
| [[Shamitha Malnad]]
|Singer
|Ratheesh <br /> [[Mangalore]]

|-
| 8
| [[Sihi Kahi Chandru]]
| Actor <br /> Comedian
|Payal Gupta <br /> [[Bengaluru]]

|-
| 9
| Navya
|TV Anchor <br />Star Saviruchi
| Manjunath <br /> [[Nelamangala]]

|-
| 10
| Thriller Manju
|Stunt Master
|Shilpa <br /> [[Bengaluru]]

|-
| 11
| Anupama Bhat
|TV Anchor <br />Kitchen Taare
|Yashwanth <br /> [[Hubli]]

|-
| 12
| Tsunami Kitty
|Reality Show Alumni <br />Indian
|[[Disha Madan]] <br /> [[Bengaluru]]

|-
|}

==Weekly summary==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:99%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="background:#9A0700; color:#fff;"| Week No.
! scope="col" style="background:#9A0700; color:#fff;"| Episode No.
! scope="col" style="background:#9A0700; color:#fff;"| Original Air Date
! scope="col" style="background:#9A0700; color:#fff;"| Couple Evicted <br /> Rank
! scope="col" style="background:#9A0700; color:#fff;"| Theme
! scope="col" style="background:#9A0700; color:#fff;"| Best Jodi Of The Week

|-
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|1 <br /> [http://www.vijaykarnatakaepaper.com/Details.aspx?id=10098&boxid=3557919 Grand Premiere]
|style="text-align:center;"| 1 <br />2
|11 January 2014<br /> 12 January 2014
|rowspan=1 {{n/a}}
|Introduction
|rowspan=1 {{n/a}}
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="5"|
*Celebrity contestants were introduced with individual performance and were paired with professional dancers for the competition.
|-
! style="background:#9A0700;" colspan="6"|
|-
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|2
|style="text-align:center;"| 3<br />4
|18 January 2014 <br />19 January 2014
|rowspan=1 {{n/a}}
|Freestyle Chemistry
|Navya & Manjunath
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="5"|
*The duet theme did induce some chemistry between the couples.
|-
! style="background:#9A0700;" colspan="6"|
|-
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|3
|style="text-align:center;"| 5<br />6
|25 January 2014 <br />26 January 2014
|style="background:#f4c7b8; text-align: center;" | Ganesh & Shruthi <br /> '''Rank 12'''
|Tapanguchi (''Suntaragali'')
|Kitty & Disha
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="5"|
*Multiple song bits and remix tracks were used to facilitate the local dance form.
|-
! style="background:#9A0700;" colspan="6"|
|-
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|4
|style="text-align:center;"| 7<br />8
|1 February 2014 <br />2 February 2014
|style="background:#f4c7b8; text-align: center;" | Manju & Shilpa <br /> '''Rank 11'''
|Comedy
|Shamitha & Ratheesh
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="5"|
*The show duration was reduced to 50 minutes.
*The costumes and props were well suited for the comic theme.

|-
! style="background:#9A0700;" colspan="6"|
|-
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|5
|style="text-align:center;"| 9<br />10
|8 February 2014 <br />9 February 2014
|style="background:#f4c7b8; text-align: center;" | Chandru & Payala <br /> '''-'''
|Filmy Folk Group
|Kitty & Disha
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="5"|
*The folk group dances were colorful and enjoyable.
|-
! style="background:#9A0700;" colspan="6"|
|-
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|6
|style="text-align:center;"| 11<br />12
|15 February 2014 <br />16 February 2014
|style="background:#f4c7b8; text-align: center;" | Kumudha & Suman <br /> '''-'''
|Bollywood Romance
|Anupama & Yashwanth
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="5"|
*Crazy Star ''[[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|Ravichandran]]'' was invited as a guest for the Valentine week.
*All contestants performed for romantic songs from the ''[[Bollywood]].''
|-
! style="background:#9A0700;" colspan="6"|
|-
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|7
|style="text-align:center;"| 13<br />14
|22 February 2014 <br />23 February 2014
|style="background:#f4c7b8; text-align: center;" | Jayalakshmi & Danny <br /> '''Rank 10'''
|Spontaneous Talent
|Rishi & Tanusha
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="5"|
*'''''Kumudha & Suman''''' and '''''Chandru & Payal''''' re-entered the show as wildcard entries after competing with other evicted contestants.
*Spontaneous talent round – The contestants had to perform for a randomly played music without any prior practice (100 seconds).
*Rishi Kumara & Tanusha won a cash prize of {{INR}} 1 Lakh for best performance.
|-
! style="background:#9A0700;" colspan="6"|
|-
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|8
|style="text-align:center;"| 15<br />16
|1 March 2014 <br /> 2 March 2014
|rowspan=1 {{n/a}}
|Retro, The 60s,70s, & 80s
| Chandru & Payal
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="5"|
* Contestants performed for retro songs with suitable costumes of that era.
|-
! style="background:#9A0700;" colspan="6"|
|-
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|9
|style="text-align:center;"| 17<br />18
|8 March 2014 <br /> 9 March 2014
|style="background:#f4c7b8; text-align: center;" | Navya & Manjunath <br /> '''Rank 9'''
|Family ''(dancing with family/friends)''
|Shamitha
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="5"|
*This week's 2-hour episodes were dedicated to the families of contestants, judges, and the host who were invited on stage.
*Movie director ''[[Prem (film director)|Prem]]'' was invited as a guest for the week.
*The celebrities danced with their family members or friends. Their dancing partners were rested for the week.
|-
! style="background:#9A0700;" colspan="6"|
|-
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|10
|style="text-align:center;"| 19<br />20
|15 March 2014 <br /> 16 March 2014
|rowspan=1 {{n/a}}
|Ulta pulta ''([[Cross-dressing]])''
| Saniya & Yashwanth
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="5"|
* Show duration: 1 hour 15 minutes
* Dance partners of the celebrities were swapped randomly.
* Contestants had to cross-dress for the week's performance.
|-
! style="background:#9A0700;" colspan="6"|
|-
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|11
|style="text-align:center;"| 21<br />22
|22 March 2014 <br /> 23 March 2014
|style="background:#f4c7b8; text-align: center;" | Chandru & Payal <br /> '''Rank 8'''
|International Dance
| Kitty & Disha
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="5"|
*International dance formats like ''[[Hip-hop dance|Hip-Hop]], [[African Dance|Afro]], [[Salsa (dance)|Salsa]], [[Robot (dance)|Robotic]], [[Contemporary dance|Contemporary]], and [[Pasodoble]]'' were performed.
|-
! style="background:#9A0700;" colspan="6"|
|-
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|12
|style="text-align:center;"| 23<br />24
|30 March 2014 <br /> 31 March 2014
|style="background:#f4c7b8; text-align: center;" | Kumudha & Suman <br /> '''Rank 7'''
|[[Mythology]] & Modern Music
|Shamitha & Ratheesh
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="5"|
*Contestants enacted mythological characters with supporting group for modern music.
*The theme was well executed and the performances were entertaining.
*Evicted couple '''''Rishi & Tanusha''''' stepped in to replace ''Kumudha & Suman'' who withdrew from Dancing Star.
|-
! style="background:#9A0700;" colspan="6"|
|-
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|13 <br /> Quarter Finals
|style="text-align:center;"| 25<br />26
|5 April 2014 <br /> 6 April 2014
|rowspan=1 {{n/a}}
|Legend [[Kannada]] Actor ''[[Dr. Rajkumar]] & Family'' Special
|Saniya & Dhanush
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="5"|
*Contestants performed for hit songs of ''[[Dr. Rajkumar]], [[Shivrajkumar]], [[Raghavendra Rajkumar]], and [[Puneeth Rajkumar]].''
|-
! style="background:#9A0700;" colspan="6"|
|-
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|14 <br /> Quarter Finals
|style="text-align:center;"| 27<br />28
|12 April 2014 <br /> 13 April 2014
|style="background:#f4c7b8; text-align: center;" | Chandan & Meghna <br /> '''Rank 6'''
|''Dance on Wheels''
| Shamitha & Ratheesh
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="5"|
* Contestants utilized automobiles ''([[Scooter (motorcycle)|scooter]], [[auto rickshaw]])'' and furniture fixed with wheels ''(bed, school bench, stand)'' for the theme ''"dance on wheels."''
* Chandan did not turn up for the show implying that he withdrew from ''Dancing Star.''
|-
! style="background:#9A0700;" colspan="6"|
|-
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|15 <br /> Semi Finals
|style="text-align:center;"| 29<br />30
|19 April 2014 <br /> 20 April 2014
|style="background:#f4c7b8; text-align: center;" | Rishi & Tanusha <br /> '''Rank 5'''
|[[Brahmastra]] (''Metaphor:'' Best of Dance Talent)
|rowspan=1 {{n/a}}
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="5"|
* Each couple had to perform twice to compete in the semi-finals.
* No points were awarded for performances.
* Performances were judged by the number of SMS votes sent by the viewers.
|-
! style="background:#9A0700;" colspan="6"|

|-
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|16 <br /> ''Making Of Dancing Star''
|style="text-align:center;"| 31<br />32
|26 April 2014 <br /> 27 April 2014
|rowspan=1 {{n/a}}
|rowspan=1 {{n/a}} <br /> ''Making Of Dancing Star''
|rowspan=1 {{n/a}}

|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="5"|
*No performances were held.
Episode 31: Judges and host shared their experience about the ''Dancing Star'' show. <br />
Episode 32: Four finalists shared their success story in the ''Dancing Star'' show.

|-
! style="background:#9A0700;" colspan="6"|
|-
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|17 <br /> Grand Finale
|style="text-align:center;"| 33<br />34
|3 May 2014 <br /> 4 May 2014
|style="background:#f4c7b8; text-align: center;" | Shamitha & Ratheesh <br /> '''Rank 4'''
| Freestyle
|rowspan=1 {{n/a}}
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="5"|

Episode 33 (''Grand Finale Curtain Raiser''): Episode focused on four finalists in preparation for the finale. <br />
----

Episode 34 (''Grand Finale''):
*Crazy Star ''[[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|Ravichandran]]'' was invited as a guest judge for the finale.
<br />
'''Round 1:''' An eliminator round in which the finalists performed for hit songs of Crazy Star ''[[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|Ravichandran]]''. Based on viewers' SMS votes and judges' scores, ''Shamitha & Ratheesh'' were eliminated.<br />
'''Round 2:''' A devotional-themed round in which Kitty and Disha won the '''''Dancing Star''''' title surpassing ''Anupama & Saniya.''<br />
'''Cash Prize:''' Kitty received {{INR}}10 Lakhs. Disha and choreographer received {{INR}}5 Lakhs.

{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="width:17%; font-size:90%;"
! Couple
! style="width: 20%;" | Result
|-
| Kitty & Disha || align="center"| Rank 1
|-
| Anupama & Yashwanth || align="center"| Rank 2
|-
| Saniya & Dhanush || align="center"| Rank 3
|-
|}

|-
! style="background:#9A0700;" colspan="6"|
|-
|}

==Weekly scores==

The maximum points awarded for a couple is 30.

'''Danger Zone:''' Irrespective of scores, couples can be subject to eviction based on the SMS votes.

'''Week 1:''' The premiere week had no competition or scores. <br />
'''Week 7:''' No points or scores were awarded for performances.<br />
'''Week 9:''' No elimination.<br />
'''Week 11:''' Rishi & Tanusha were elimination, but re-entered again.<br />
'''Week 12:''' No elimination.<br />
'''Week 13:''' Quarter Finals and no elimination.<br />
'''Week 14:''' Quarter Finals.<br />
'''Week 15:''' Semi Finals.<br />
'''Week 16:''' No performance.<br />
'''Week 17:''' Finals.

'''Grand Finale''': The performance of finalists were judged in two round with an additional guest judge (40 points)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; white-space:nowrap; margin:auto; font-size:98%;"
|-
| style="background:darkred; color:white;" colspan="3" | '''''Dancing Star''''' ||style="background:darkred; color:white;" colspan="11" | ''''' Scoreboard''''' ||style="background:darkred; color:white;" colspan="2" | '''''Quarter Finals''''' ||style="background:darkred; color:white;" colspan="1" | '''''Semi Finals''''' ||style="background:darkred; color:white;" colspan="2" | '''''Finals'''''
|-
! scope="col" width="50" style="background:darkred; color:white;"| Rank!! scope="col" width="160" style="background:darkred; color:white;"|Couple !! scope="col" width="80" style="background:darkred; color:white;"| <big>←</big>Total <big>→</big> !! scope="col" width="60" style="background:darkred; color:white;"| Week 2 !! scope="col" width="60" style="background:darkred; color:white;"|Week 3 !! scope="col" width="60" style="background:darkred; color:white;"| Week 4 !! scope="col" width="60" style="background:darkred; color:white;"| Week 5 !! scope="col" width="60" style="background:darkred; color:white;"|Week 6 !! scope="col" width="60" style="background:darkred; color:white;"|Week 7 !! scope="col" width="60" style="background:darkred; color:white;"|Week 8 !! scope="col" width="60" style="background:darkred; color:white;"| Week 9 !! scope="col" width="60" style="background:darkred; color:white;"|Week 10 !! scope="col" width="60" style="background:darkred; color:white;"| Week 11 !! scope="col" width="60" style="background:darkred; color:white;"|Week 12 !! scope="col" width="60" style="background:darkred; color:white;"|Week 13 !! scope="col" width="60" style="background:darkred; color:white;"|Week 14 !! scope="col" width="60" style="background:darkred; color:white;"|Week 15 !! scope="col" width="60" style="background:darkred; color:white;"|Round 1!! scope="col" width="60" style="background:darkred; color:white;"|Round 2
|-
| style="background:darkred; color:white;"| '''1''' || style="background:darkred; color:white;"| '''Kitty & Disha''' || style="background:darkred; color:white;"| '''395.5''' || 27.5 || 30 || 21 || 30 || 30 || NP|| 27 || 30 || style="background:Salmon; color:black;"|21 || style="background:Salmon; color:black;"|30 || 26|| | 29.5 || style="background:Salmon; color:black;"|27||NP||style="background:Salmon; color:black;"|29||37.5
|-
| style="background:darkred; color:white;"|'''2''' || style="background:darkred; color:white;"|'''Anupama & Yashwanth''' || style="background:darkred; color:white;"|'''380.5''' || 24.5 || 26 || 28 || 25 || 30 || NP|| 27 || 27 || style="background:Salmon; color:black;"|20 || style="background:Salmon; color:black;"|30 || 26|| 24 || style="background:Salmon; color:black;"|26.5||NP||style="background:Salmon; color:black;"|36||30.5
|-
| style="background:darkred; color:white;"| '''3''' || style="background:darkred; color:white;"| '''Saniya & Dhanush''' || style="background:darkred; color:white;"| '''385.5''' || 24.5 || 22.5 || 30 || 27 || 27 || NP|| 24 || 27 || 30 || style="background:Salmon; color:black;"|22 || 28|| 30 || style="background:Salmon; color:black;"|24.5||NP||style="background:Salmon; color:black;"|32||37
|-
| style="background:darkred; color:white;"| '''4''' || style="background:darkred; color:white;"| '''Shamitha & Ratheesh''' || style="background:darkred; color:white;"|'''374''' ||28.5 || 30 || 30 || 27 || 30 || NP|| style="background:Salmon; color:black;"|21 ||30 || 30 || style="background:Salmon; color:black;"|27.5 || 30 || 24.5 || style="background:Salmon; color:black;"|30 ||NP||style="background:Salmon; color:black;"|'''''35.5'''''||style="background:silver;" colspan="1"|
|-
| style="background:darkred; color:white;"|'''5''' || style="background:darkred; color:white;"| '''Rishi & Tanusha''' || style="background:darkred; color:white;"| '''305''' || style="background:Salmon; color:black;"|21.5 || 28|| 30 || style="background:Salmon; color:black;"|25 || style="background:Salmon; color:black;"|20|| NP || 27 || 30|| style="background:Salmon; color:black;"|20 || style="background:Salmon; color:black;"|'''''20''''' || 30|| 26.5 || style="background:Salmon; color:black;"|'''''27'''''|| style="background:silver;" colspan="3"|
|-
| style="background:darkred; color:white;"| '''6''' || style="background:darkred; color:white;"|'''Chandan & Meghna''' || style="background:darkred; color:white;"|'''274.5''' || 25.5 || 27 || 30 || style="background:Salmon; color:black;"|20 || 25 || NP|| 22 || 30 || 27 || style="background:Salmon; color:black;"|23 || 27 || 18 ||style="background:#FF69B4; color:black;"|'''''DNP'''''|| style="background:silver;" colspan="3"|
|-
| style="background:darkred; color:white;"| '''7''' || style="background:darkred; color:white;"| '''Kumudha & Suman''' || style="background:darkred; color:white;"|'''231.5''' || 26.5 || 29 || style="background:Salmon; color:black;"|29 || style="background:Salmon; color:black;"|'''''22'''''|| style="background:silver;" colspan="1"| ||NP || 27||29 || style="background:Salmon; color:black;"|24 || style="background:Salmon; color:black;"|24 || style="background:#FF69B4; color:black;"|'''''21'''''|| style="background:silver;" colspan="5"|
|-
| style="background:darkred; color:white;"|'''8''' || style="background:darkred; color:white;"| '''Chandru & Payal''' || style="background:darkred; color:white;"| '''149.5''' || 24.5 || style="background:Salmon; color:black;"|27 || style="background:Salmon; color:black;"|'''''21''''' || style="background:silver;" colspan="2"| || NP|| 26 || 27 || style="background:Salmon; color:black;"|'''''24''''' || style="background:silver;" colspan="7"|
|-
| style="background:darkred; color:white;"|'''9''' || style="background:darkred; color:white;"| '''Navya & Manjunath''' || style="background:darkred; color:white;"| '''135''' || 30 || style="background:Salmon; color:black;"| 20 || style="background:Salmon; color:black;"| 22 || style="background:Salmon; color:black;"| 24 || style="background:Salmon; color:black;"| 19 || NP || style="background:Salmon; color:black;"| '''''20''''' || style="background:silver;" colspan="11"|
|-
| style="background:darkred; color:white;"| '''10''' || style="background:darkred; color:white;"| '''Jayalakshmi & Danny''' || style="background:darkred; color:white;"| '''111.5''' || 24|| 24 || style="background:Salmon; color:black;"| 21.5 || 26 || style="background:Salmon; color:black;"| '''''16''''' || style="background:silver;" colspan="12"|
|-
| style="background:darkred; color:white;"| '''11''' || style="background:darkred; color:white;"|'''Manju & Shilpa''' || style="background:darkred; color:white;"| {{center|'''43'''}} || style="background:Salmon; color:black;"| 23 || style="background:Salmon; color:black;"|'''''20''''' || style="background:silver;" colspan="14"|
|-
| style="background:darkred; color:white;"| '''12''' || style="background:darkred; color:white;"| '''Ganesh & Shruthi''' || style="background:darkred; color:white;"| {{center|'''21'''}} || style="background:Salmon; color:black;"|'''''21''''' || style="background:silver;" colspan="16"|
|-
|}

:{{Color box|Salmon|border=darkgray}} indicates the couple in danger zone who faced eviction.
:{{Color box|#FF69B4|border=darkgray}} indicates that the couple withdrew.
:{{Color box|white|NP|border=darkgray}} indicates ''no points.''
:{{Color box|white|DNP|border=darkgray}} indicates ''did not perform.''

==Alternate names==
:MTS Dancing Star
:MTS Takadhimitha
:Takdhimita
:Thaka Dhimi Tha
:Dancing Star
:Taka Dimi Ta

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.youtube.com/user/ETVDancingStars/featured YouTube Videos of Dancing Star]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140118154259/http://www.nthwall.com/ka/gshowall/ETV-Kannada-s-MTS-Dancing-Star-Reality-Show---Press-KIT-Contestants/1000005364 HD photos of contestants participating in MTS Dancing Star]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140202213057/http://gallery.oneindia.in/kannada-events/etv-kannada-s-mts-dancing-stars-reality-show-press-meet/45568.html Press Meet Photos]
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/SWUi_kTfQHdhE Official YouTube Channel]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ksoy7YvpecM Dancing Star Contestants Introduction]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A6lci9I5Sqg Promo/trailer of Thaka Dhimi Tha Dancing Star]

[[Category:Indian dance television shows]]
[[Category:Indian dance competition television shows]]
[[Category:Celebrity reality television series]]
[[Category:Kannada-language television shows]]
[[Category:Colors Kannada original programming]]

Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah

2026-03-16T13:47:48Z

ShastaJfh707289: expanded page further and updated info

{{Short description|Sultan of Bengal from 1519 to 1533}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah
| title = Sultan of Bengal<br/> Shah of Bengal
| image = INDIA, Islamic Sultanates. Bengal. Nasir al-Din Nusrat. AD 1519-1531.jpg
| caption = Gold tanka of Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah
| succession = 19th Sultan of Bengal
| reign = 1519–1533
| coronation =
| Full title =
| predecessor = [[Alauddin Husain Shah]]
| successor = [[Alauddin Firuz Shah II|Firuz Shah IV]]
| regent =
| spouses = Daughter of [[Ibrahim Lodi]]
| issue = Firuz Shah IV <br />A son
| full name =
| house =
| father = Husain Shah
| mother =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date = 1533
| death_place =
| burial_date =
| burial_place =
| religion = Sunni Islam
}}
'''Nāṣir ad-Dīn Naṣrat Shāh'''{{efn|{{langx|bn|নাসিরউদ্দিন নুসরাত শাহ}}; {{langx|fa|{{nq|ناصر الدین نصرت شاه}}}}}} (r. 1519–1533), also known as '''Nusrat Shah''', was the second [[Bengal Sultanate|Sultan of Bengal]] belonging to the [[Hussain Shahi dynasty]].<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Syed|2004|pp=237–238}}</ref> He continued with his father's expansionist policies but by 1526, had to contend with the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] ascendency in the [[Battle of Ghaghra]].<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Mehta|1984|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=-TsMl0vSc0gC&dq=nusrat+shah&pg=PA141 141]}}</ref> Simultaneously, Nasrat Shah launched an invasion of the Ahom kingdom. The successful reigns of Alauddin Husain Shah and Nasrat Shah are generally regarded as the "golden age" of the Bengal Sultanate.<ref name=bpedia>{{cite Banglapedia|article=Nusrat Shah|author=Chowdhury, AM}}</ref>

==Early life and background==
Nasrat was born into an aristocratic Sunni Muslim family in the Bengal Sultanate. His father Alauddin Husain Shah was the first Sultan of the Hussain Shahi dynasty and the father of eighteen or twenty four<ref>Pires, Tomé; Rodrigues, Francisco (1944). The Suma Oriental of Tomé Pires: An Account of the East, from the Red Sea to Japan, Written in Malacca and India in 1512–1515; and, The Book of Francisco Rodrigues. London: Hakluyt Society. p. 95.</ref> sons and at least eleven daughters. Among Nasrat's siblings were Danyal and [[Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah|Mahmud]].<ref name=husain>{{cite Banglapedia|author=Chowdhury, AM|article=Husain Shah}}</ref> Daniyal was initially crown prince as the oldest son of the sultan, but he was killed in battle against the Assamese.
Nasrat was made crown prince of Bengal in 1515, upon which he was granted the right to mint coins of his own.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sarkar|1943|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.24396/page/n152/mode/1up 131]}}</ref>

During Husain Shah's expeditions to Tripura, the ruler of Mrauk U kingdom of Arakan helped Dhanya Manikya, the ruler of Tripura and expelled Husain Shah's officers from Chittagong. In 1516, Husain Shah decided to launch an expedition to Arakan. He assigned the charge of the land army for Arakan expedition to Paragal Khan; Nasrat was placed in overall command.<ref name="Muhammad Abdur Rahim 1957 48">{{cite book |title=Journal of the Asiatic Society of Pakistan, Vol. II: Chittagong under Pathan Rule in Bengal |author=Muhammad Abdur Rahim |date=1957 |publisher=Asiatic Society of Pakistan |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.98855/page/n48/mode/1up |pages=48 }}</ref> On Nasrat's order, Paragal Khan advanced from his base on the Feni River. The expedition of territory to the western bank of Kaladan river was placed under his governorship administration. The hostilities probably ended in 1516, when Mrauk U recognized Bengali sovereignty over Chittagong and northern Arakan. As a result of the conflict, Mrauk U again became a vassal of the Bengal Sultanate.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sarkar|1943|pp=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.24396/page/n171/mode/1up 149–150]}}</ref> Nasrat renamed Chittagong to Fatehabad, City of Victory. This is also corroborated by Portuguese adventurer Joao de Silvera who, landing in Chittagong in 1517, stated that Arakan was a vassal state of Bengal Sultanate.<ref name="Muhammad Abdur Rahim 1957 48"/>

Nasrat Shah married a daughter of Ibrahim Lodi, a Pashtun ruler and the last sultan of the neighbouring Delhi Sultanate.<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=120–121}}</ref>

==Reign==
After his father's death in 1519, Nasrat rose to the throne as Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah. Instead of blinding or imprisoning his brothers, he gave them grand titles and positions in his government. His brother Mahmud had served as an ''ameer'' during his brother's reign, at least till 1526, and historian Jadunath Sarkar suggests that Mahmud, whose personal name was Abdul Badr, was the heir apparent due to his early usage of royal insignia.{{sfnp|Sarkar|1943|p=159}}

Following the policies of his father, Nasrat Shah expanded the Sultanate territory early on in his reign and [[Khalifatabad]] emerged as an important mint-town.<ref>{{cite Banglapedia|article=Khalifatabad|author=Akhtaruzzaman, Muhammad}}</ref> Nasrat took advantage of the collapse of the [[Lodi dynasty|Lodi]] authority in [[Bihar]], and entering into an alliance with the Lohani rebels, annexed the lands up to Tons river soon after 1522.{{sfnp|Sarkar|1943|p=153}} Under Nasrat Shah, the Sultanate pushed into the Mithila region and annexed the ruling [[Oiniwar dynasty]] in 1526 with the ruler of the Oiniwars, Laksminathasimha, being killed in battle.<ref name=Schwartzberg1992>{{cite book |last1=Schwartzberg |first1=Joseph |title=A Historical Atlas of South Asia |date=1992 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=9780195068696 |page=40 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=077}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite journal |last1=Mishra |first1=Vijaykanta |title=Chronology of the Oiniwara Dynasty of Mithila |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |year=1953 |volume=16 |pages=200–210 |jstor=44303873}}</ref> After conquering Mithila, Nasrat put his brothers-in-law, Alauddin and Makhdum Alam in charge of administration of the conquered region.{{sfnp|Sarkar|1943|p=153}}

Following [[Babur]]'s invasion of India, Mahmud Lodi and his Afghan confederates fled to Bengal for safety. In 1527, Babur despatched an envoy to Bengal in order to deduce Nasrat Shah's attitude towards Mughal ascendency and collect some information regarding Bengal. Nasrat Shah did not respond and imprisoned the envoy. However, Nasrat Shah later negotiated peace deals and freed the envoy, in order to send gifts to Babur via his own envoy named Ismail Mita. Babur was pleased with the response; describing Nasrat as one of the great rulers of the Indian subcontinent, praising Bengali soldiers for their gunnery and navy, and recognised the loyalty of Bengalis for their leader.<ref>{{cite Banglapedia|article=Tuzuk-i-Baburi|author=Abdul Karim}}</ref>

After being pestered by the Afghans, the Mughals declared war against them and their Bengali allies. Attempting to defeat the Afghans on the way, the Mughals proceeded towards Bengal. In response, the Afgan coalition under Mahmud and Sher Khan attacked Chunar and Benaras, while Nasrat sent his general Qutb Khan to attack Lucknow from the rear. However, while Sher was successful in taking Benaras and Qutb Khan fought off several Mughal detachments, Mahmud failed to achieve his objective and fled at the news of Babur's approach. {{sfnp|Sarkar|1943|p=155}} Babur took control of Tirhut before stopping at Buxar, where he requested Bengal to dismiss their troops camped at the banks of the Ghaghara. Nasrat Shah's refusal led to the [[Battle of Ghaghra]], taking place on 6 May 1529, in which the Mughals fought the Afghans and Bengalis. The Mughal Empire were victorious, and their territory extended to the Ghaghara's eastern bank in Bihar though they did not penetrate Bengal.<ref>{{cite Banglapedia|author=Bhuiyan, Golam Kibria|article=Babur}}</ref> Nasrat Shah sued for peace, and thus maintained Bengal's status as an independent nation.<ref>{{cite book|title=A History of India Under the Two First Sovereigns of the House of Taimur, Báber and Humáyun|author=Erskine, William|publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans|year=1854}}</ref>
A shrewd ruler, Nasrat understood the futility of fighting the Mughals from the examples of the Lodis and Rajputs, and this avoided joining the Afghans in the battle of Daurah in 1531, in which Humayun defeated the Afghans headed by Mahmud Lodi. Fearing Humayun's retribution nevertheless, Nasrat sent an envoy to Bahadur Shah of Gujarat with a view to concluding a friendly alliance with him, but before the alliance could materialise Nasrat Shah was assassinated by a slave while visiting his father's grave.<ref name=bpedia/><ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sarkar|1943|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.24396/page/n179/mode/1up 158]}}</ref>

Nasrat Shah was possibly buried near Qadam Rasul Mosque in Gaur. Henry Creighton saw the black stone tombs of Alauddin Husain Shah and Nasrat Shah in Gaur, which has disappeared, allegedly carted away by the English.<ref>{{cite Banglapedia|article=Gaur, City|author=Ray, Aniruddha}}</ref> Nasrat Shah was succeeded by his son [[Alauddin Firuz Shah II|Firuz]], who had served as the governor of Chittagong during his father's reign. However, just three months later Nasrat's brother Mahmud assassinated Firuz Shah and usurped the throne as [[Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah]]. Another son of Nasrat was the governor of [[Munger]], as stated by Babur in his memoirs, who, along with ''Lashkar-Wazir'' Husain Khan, sent his retainer Abul Fa'th to Nasrat to convince his father to start negotiating with Babur after Ghaghra.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Beveridge
| first = Annette Susannah
| title = The Babur-nama in English (Memoirs of Babur)
| volume = 2
| url = https://archive.org/details/baburnamainengli02babuuoft/page/676/mode/1up
| publisher = Luzac
| location = London
| date = 1922
| via = Internet Archive
| accessdate = 2025-11-12
}}</ref><ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sarkar|1943|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.24396/page/n156/mode/1up 135]}}</ref> Nusrat Shah maintained a large number of 914 war elephants.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Eaton|1996|p=152}}</ref>

Nasrat Shah, like his father, maintained a liberal outlook throughout his reign, and ordered the first translation of ''Mahabharata'' in Bengali. {{sfnp|Sarkar|1943|p=159}} Jadunath Sarkar asserts that "In his dealings with the Mughals he proved himself an astute diplomatist and a far-sighted statesman."{{sfnp|Sarkar|1943|p=158}} Nasrat also maintained his father's trade relations, and Bengal was a major hub of Asian trade during his reign. In 1521, a Portuguese mission visited Nasrat's court and left vivid descriptions about his court's splendor:

<blockquote>At the end of said courtyard a great dais was set upon thick props of sandalwood, and those above, upon which the roof rested, were not as thick, all carved with … many gilded branches and small birds, and the ceiling above in the same manner with … a moon and a sun, with [a] very great number of stars and all gilded. Then we finally encountered the Sultan, seated in splendour on a large gilded divan covered with… a very large store of great and small pillows, all embroidered, and with many precious stones and seed-pearls on them, and coming before him, we made our reverence to him according to the custom of the land, being with the hands crossed upon the chest and the head bowed as low as possible.<ref>{{Cite journal| last1 = Shovelton|first1 =Emily|title = Revisiting a Royal Sultanate Manuscript from Bengal: The Sharafnama of Nasir al-Din Nusrat Shah of 938/1531–2|journal = South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies|year = 2021|volume = 44|issue = 1|pages = 225–244|doi = 10.1080/05786967.2021.1911759|url = https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/05786967.2021.1911759}}</ref></blockquote>

Nasrat ordered the construction of many mosques throughout his kingdom in his reign. Even as a crown prince, Nasrat had commissioned a mosque in Gopinathpur, Chapai Nawabganj in 1516.<ref name="Hasan2021EpigraphicSources">Hasan, Sahidul (2021). *Epigraphic Sources: Bangladesh*. ResearchGate. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348315119_Epigraphic_Sources_Bangladesh</ref> He completed the building of [[Bagha Mosque]] in [[Rajshahi]] in 1524,<ref name="sangram">{{Cite news |date=2016-03-05|script-title=bn:টেরাকোটা শিল্পমন্ডিত বাঘা মসজিদ দেশের এক ব্যতিক্রমী প্রত্নসম্পদ |url=http://www.dailysangram.com/news_details.php?news_id=32784 |work=The Daily Sangram |access-date=2021-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305043444/http://www.dailysangram.com/news_details.php?news_id=32784|archive-date=2016-03-05}}</ref> Baro Sona Masjid in Gaur in 1526.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Golden era of Gour inscribed on Boro Sona Masjid |url=https://www.getbengal.com/details/golden-era-of-gour-inscribed-on-boro-sona-masjid |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=Get Bengal |language=en}}</ref> In 1527, his ''Sar-i-Lashkar'' Mukhtiyar Khan constructed a mosque in Sikandarpur, [[Azamgarh]] district in [[Uttar Pradesh]],<ref name=dani>{{cite book|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.126929/page/n55/mode/2up|title=Asiatic Society Of Pakistan Vol-ii|author=Ahmad Hasan Dani|author-link=Ahmad Hasan Dani|chapter=Analysis of the Inscriptions|pages=47}}</ref> which indicates his continued hold of the Jaunpuri territory annexed by his father.<ref>Hussain, Syed Ejaz. Shiraz-i Hind: A History of the Jaunpur Sultanate. New Delhi: Manohar, 2017, p. 81. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/36986170/Shiraz_i_Hind_A_History_of_Jaunpur_Sultanate</ref> He also built [[Nasrat Gazi Mosque]] in [[Barishal]] in 1532.<ref>{{cite book |chapter=নসরাত গাজির মসজিদ, বাখরগঞ্জ |script-title=bn:বৃহত্তর বরিশালের ঐতিহাসিক নিদর্শন |trans-title=Historical sites of Greater Barisal |author=Bulbul, Saiful Ahsan |year=2012 |location=Dhaka |publisher=Gotidhara |language=bn |isbn=9789848945926}}</ref>

==See also==
*List of rulers of Bengal
*History of Bengal

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |last=Mehta |first=Jl |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-TsMl0vSc0gC |title=Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India |date=1984 |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd |isbn=978-81-207-1015-3 |language=en}}
* {{Cite book |last=Syed |first=M. H. |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/History_of_Delhi_Sultanate.html?id=2zpIswEACAAJ |title=History of Delhi Sultanate |date=2004 |publisher=Anmol Publications |isbn=978-81-261-1830-4 |language=en}}
* {{Cite book |last=Eaton |first=Richard M. |author-link=Richard M. Eaton |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gKhChF3yAOUC |title=The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204-1760 |date=1996-07-31 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-20507-9 |language=en}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.24396 |title=The History of Bengal |publisher=B.R. Publishing Corporation |year=1943 |editor-last=Sarkar |editor-first=Jadunath |editor-link=Jadunath Sarkar |volume=II: Muslim Period |location=Delhi}}
{{refend}}

{{Hussain Shahi dynasty}}

{{s-start}}
{{succession box
| before=Alauddin Husain Shah
| title=Sultanate of Bengal<br>Hussain Shahi dynasty
| years=1519–1533
| after=Alauddin Firuz Shah II}}
{{s-end}}

Category:1532 deaths
Category:1519 in India
Category:Year of birth unknown
Category:16th-century Indian monarchs
Category:Hussain Shahi dynasty
Category:16th-century Bengali people
Category:People from the Bengal Sultanate

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nasrat Shah, Nasiruddin}}

[[Category:Hussain Shahi dynasty]]

Kaal (2005 film)

2026-03-10T21:38:56Z

ShastaJfh707289: updated page

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kaal
| image = Kaalposter.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Soham Shah]]
| producer = [[Karan Johar]]<br>[[Shah Rukh Khan]]
| writer = Soham Shah
| starring = [[Ajay Devgn]]<br/>[[John Abraham]]<br/>[[Vivek Oberoi]]<br>[[Esha Deol]]<br/>[[Lara Dutta]]
| music = [[Salim–Sulaiman]]<br>[[Anand Raj Anand]]
| cinematography = [[Santosh Thundiyil]]
| editing = Sanjay Sankla
| studio = [[Red Chillies Entertainment]]<br>[[Dharma Productions]]
| distributor = [[Yash Raj Films]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Kaal|website=[[Yash Raj Films]]|access-date=14 May 2024|url=https://www.yashrajfilms.com/movies/kaal}}</ref>
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2005|04|29}}
| runtime = 125 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = 
| gross = {{INR}}28.5 crore<ref name="BOI Kaal gross">{{cite web|title=Boxofficeindia.com|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=211|access-date=2012-07-13|publisher=Boxofficeindia.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229131030/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=211|archive-date=29 February 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
}}

'''''Kaal''''' ({{Translation|The time}}) is a 2005 Indian [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]]-language [[supernatural horror]] film written and directed by [[Soham Shah]]. It was jointly produced by [[Karan Johar]] and [[Shah Rukh Khan]] under their banners [[Dharma Productions]] and [[Red Chillies Entertainment]]. The film stars [[Ajay Devgn]], [[John Abraham (actor)|John Abraham]], [[Vivek Oberoi]], [[Esha Deol]], and [[Lara Dutta]]. It was released on 29 April 2005 and was an average success at the box office.

The story focuses on a wildlife expert, his wife, and a group of friends who battle against a mysterious entity in the fictional Orbit National Park (alluding to the world-famous [[Jim Corbett National Park]], [[Nainital district|Nainital]], [[Uttarakhand]]) for their lives while being helped by a mysterious tour guide. The film conveys a message on protecting the wildlife of India.

==Plot==
{{Long plot|date=August 2024}}
Two British nationals are killed by a ferocious [[tiger]] in [[Corbett National Park|Orbit National Park]] in India. This incident is followed by several other tiger attacks, and many deaths result, prompting ''[[National Geographic (magazine)|National Geographic]]'' to send a correspondent, Krish Thapar to the national park and ascertain what really happened. Krish is accompanied by his wife Riya.

A group of youngsters, consisting of Dev Malhotra, his girlfriend Ishika, and his
friends Sajid and Vishal, are on a hunting trip in the hopes of sighting and shooting some big prey. Their car breaks down and Bagga, an alcoholic passerby driver, gives them a lift. Bagga's car accidentally hits Krish's car, which also breaks down and is in the middle of the road. The two groups decide to travel together in Bagga's car, leaving a mechanic to repair Krish's car.

Just a few seconds after they set off, the mechanic disappears and they believe that a wild animal just took him away and decide not to risk their lives to look for him.

Bagga finds them a guesthouse to stay which is owned by a man named DS Pandey. Pandey is a guide who agrees to lead them the next day to the core area, where tigers live, for hunting. That very night Pandey disappears and his decapitated body is found in the nearby swamp the next day. Krish starts to get suspicious about the real cause of the recent deaths in the jungle, as he is an animal expert and recognizes that Pandey's death was not the work of a tiger or any other wild animal.

Warned by a forest officer named Bashir Khan, the group decides to leave the jungle. Before they depart, they realize that Sajid has gone missing. Dev assumes that he has gone by himself to the core area for hunting. However, the group decide to leave without Sajid. Soon they find Sajid's decapitated body by a lake. The rest are soon confronted by three tigers on the way. The group is saved by a mysterious man who introduces himself as Kaali Pratap Singh and claims to live in the jungle.

On their continued way out of the jungle, they find the road blocked by rocks due to the landslide caused by rain. Kaali shows up again and agrees to lead them out of the jungle.

Kaali appears to be very knowledgeable about the jungle and its history. Krish, who is now more curious about the mysterious deaths, asks him if he knows what's behind those deaths. Kaali responds by telling them a story about a crazy tour guide in this jungle, who used to lead tourists to the wrong places just to have them killed by wild animals. The people in the nearby villages later caught him and beat him to death but his ghost remains in the jungle and continues to kill tourists. None of them believe Kaali's story.

Bagga later disappears while repairing his car, raising fear among the rest. Vishal is decapitated shortly thereafter when a window of their car flies and hits him due to an explosion.

The rest of the group members carry on and reach a deserted guesthouse in the evening, outside which there is a well. They all go to sleep after being warned by Kaali not to get close to the well. Riya wakes up thirsty in the night. She decides to get water from the well despite Kaali's warning,  and trips on a rope which pulls her into the well, and she drowns.

The remaining group members figure out that Riya is dead and try to pull her body out of the well, while Dev suddenly notices that Kaali does not have a reflection in the well's water. Terrified by this, Dev makes an excuse to send Kaali away by asking him to gather some timbers which can be used to perform Riya's final rites. During this time, he checks all the videos which had been recorded by Vishal and notices that Kaali is not visible in any of them. Dev immediately realizes that the story Kaali told them earlier is true and that Kaali is the tour guide mentioned in the story. Dev shows the videos to Krish and Ishika, proving to them that Kaali is a ghost and is indeed responsible for all the mysterious deaths happening in the jungle. They decide to escape the jungle once and for all. Kaali returns to the well with timbers and upon finding nobody there, he realizes that the trio have run away.

Flashbacks reveal that the villagers did not kill Kaali but instead, took him to the core area where he was brutally thrashed and then thrown in front of a hungry tiger that mauled him to death. The story shifts back to present day where Kaali’s ghost now standing by the well, expresses his immense anger and hatred for tourists who come to the jungle to hunt wild animals and disrupt their well being without any regrets. This is the sole reason why he misleads and kills tourists who come to the jungle.

Krish, Dev and Ishika experience several attempts on their lives on their way out of the jungle, arranged by Kaali but finally manage to reach the road where Bagga and Khan arrive in a jeep and successfully drive them away from the jungle.

Sometime later, Krish who is now fully aware of what caused those mysterious deaths in that jungle, successfully completes his report in which he deems the deaths to be the result of tiger attacks. He reluctantly decides not to disclose the real cause of those deaths because he knows no one will believe him. Instead he credits Kaali as the main contributor to the report. Meanwhile in the jungle, Kaali encounters a new group of tourists and has one of them killed by a truck.

==Cast==
* [[Ajay Devgn]] as Kaali Pratap Singh
* [[John Abraham]] as Krish Thapar
* [[Vivek Oberoi]] as Dev Malhotra
* [[Esha Deol]] as Riya Thapar
* [[Lara Dutta]] as Ishika Malhotra
* [[Vishal Malhotra]] as Vishal Bhasin
* [[Kushal Punjabi]] as Sajid Meer
* [[Parmeet Sethi]] as Bashir Khan
* Vineet Sharma as Bagga
* [[Daya Shankar Pandey]] as DS Pandey
* [[Shah Rukh Khan]] as himself in the song "Kaal Dhamaal" (special appearance)
* [[Malaika Arora]] as herself in the song "Kaal Dhamaal" (special appearance)

==Production==
Soham Shah had earlier assisted Karan Johar in ''[[Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham]]'' (2001). The filmmakers used 25 litres of real blood in the film.<ref name="red">{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/may/02soham.htm|title='I asked for 25 litres of blood!'|last=Ashraf|first=Syed Firdaus|work=Rediff.com|date=2 May 2005|access-date=5 January 2015}}</ref> The idea of using computer-generated tigers was dropped because of the lack of its realism.<ref name="red"/> The three tigers shown in ''Kaal'' were also used in the Hollywood film ''[[Gladiator (2000 film)|Gladiator]]'' (2000).<ref name="tiger">{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/apr/26vivek.htm|title=I wanted Ajay Devgan's role: Vivek|last=Ashraf|first=Syed Firdaus|work=Rediff.com|date=26 April 2005|access-date=6 January 2015}}</ref> Scenes involving tigers were shot in Bangkok, where they used to roam free on sets.<ref name="red"/> Vivek Oberoi wanted to portray the character Kaali, but later accepted the role he was offered.<ref name="tiger"/> The film was shot at the [[Jim Corbett National Park]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/apr/27lara2.htm|title=Lara: We had some close calls|work=Rediff.com|access-date=5 January 2015}}</ref>

==Reception==
The film received mixed reviews from critics, noting it to be a different type of horror film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/review/7276/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218205730/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/review/7276/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 February 2009 |title=Kaal (2005) | Movie Review, Trailers, Music Videos, Songs, Wallpapers |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=2005-04-29 |access-date=2012-07-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.glamsham.com/movies/reviews/kaal.asp |title=Kaal movie review |publisher=glamsham.com |access-date=2012-07-13}}</ref> ''Planet Bollywood'' rated the film 5/10 stars, writing, "Soham Shah is as inept at directing performances as he is at writing an engaging screenplay or building any sort of momentum or pacing visually. Lack of strong characterization tells on the dismal level of performances from the cast. Lara Dutta cringes, cries, and yells randomly, while Esha Deol consistently carries a strange expression on her face that suggests she might have just swallowed a frog. Capable actors, Vivek Oberoi and John Abraham are sadly curtailed by their cardboard characters. Ajay Devgn tries his level best to rise above the non-existent screenplay, but the daunting task of saving the film single-handedly proves too difficult even for him."

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Kaal
| type = [[Soundtrack album]]
| artist = [[Salim–Sulaiman]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 28 February 2005
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label = [[Sony Music India]]
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}
The music is composed by [[Salim–Sulaiman]] and [[Anand Raj Anand]], with lyrics written by [[Shabbir Ahmed (lyricist)|Shabbir Ahmed]], [[Anand Raj Anand]], and [[Kailash Kher]]. According to the Indian trade website ''[[Box Office India]]'', with around 16,00,000 units sold, this film's soundtrack album was the year's seventh highest-selling.<ref>{{cite web|title=Music Hits 2000–2009 (Figures in Units)|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=286&catName=MjAwMC0yMDA5|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215081557/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=286&catName=MjAwMC0yMDA5&PHPSESSID=108b9056cd4ca14236f9c6119d34dcce|archive-date=15 February 2008|publisher=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref>

===Track listing===
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Aankhiyan Teriya Ve
| extra1 = [[Kailash Kher]], [[Caralisa Monteiro]],
| lyrics1 = [[Kailash Kher]]
| music1 = Salim{{endash}}Sulaiman
| length1 = 4:09
| title2 = Jungle Mix
| extra2 = [[Vijay Prakash]], [[Caralisa Monteiro]], Jeanne
| lyrics2 = Jeanne
| music2 = Salim{{endash}}Sulaiman
| length2 = 5:04
| title3 = Kaal Dhamaal
| extra3 = [[Kunal Ganjawala]], [[Ravi Khote]], [[Caralisa Monteiro]], [[Salim Merchant]]
| lyrics3 = Shabbir Ahmed
| music3 = Salim{{endash}}Sulaiman
| length3 = 4:41
| title4 = Kaal Dhamaal (The Tiger Mix)
| extra4 = [[Kunal Ganjawala]], [[Ravi Khote]], [[Caralisa Monteiro]], [[Salim Merchant]]
| lyrics4 = Shabbir Ahmed
| music4 = [[Salim{{endash}}Sulaiman]]
| length4 = 4:44
| title5 = Nassa Nassa
| extra5 = [[Sonu Nigam]], [[Sunidhi Chauhan]]
| lyrics5 = [[Anand Raj Anand]]
| music5 = [[Anand Raaj Anand]]
| length5 = 5:07
| title6 = Tauba Tauba
| extra6 = [[Sonu Nigam]], [[Kunal Ganjawala]], [[Sunidhi Chauhan]], [[Richa Sharma (singer)|Richa Sharma]]
| lyrics6 = Shabbir Ahmed
| music6 = Salim{{endash}}Sulaiman
| length6 = 5:05
| title7 = Dharma Mix (Medley Of Superhits Songs From Kuch Kuch Hota Hai, Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham & Kal Ho Naa Ho)
| extra7 = Various
| lyrics7 = Various
| music7 = Various
| length7 = 7:26
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0415908|Kaal}}

{{Karan Johar}}
{{Red Chillies Entertainment}}
{{Dharma Productions}}

[[Category:Red Chillies Entertainment films]]
[[Category:2005 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2005 films]]
[[Category:Indian supernatural horror films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Salim–Sulaiman]]
[[Category:Films scored by Anand Raj Anand]]
[[Category:Films distributed by Yash Raj Films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bangkok]]
[[Category:Films shot in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Films set in jungles]]

Agent Vinod (2012 film)

2026-03-07T04:20:37Z

ShastaJfh707289: Enhanced content and organization

{{Short description|2012 film by Sriram Raghavan}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Agent Vinod
| image = Agent Vinod 2.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Sriram Raghavan]]
| producer = [[Saif Ali Khan]]<br>[[Dinesh Vijan]]
| writer = Sriram Raghavan<br>Arijit Biswas
| starring = Saif Ali Khan<br>[[Kareena Kapoor]]
| music = '''Songs:'''<br>[[Pritam]]<br>'''Background Score:'''<br>Daniel B. George
| cinematography = [[C. K. Muraleedharan]]
| editing = Pooja Ladha Surti
| studio = [[Eros International]]<br>[[Illuminati Films]]
| released = {{Film date|2012|3|23|df=y|ref1=<ref>{{cite news |title=Release Dates |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/releasedates-go-haywire/ |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=23 December 2011 |access-date=9 December 2011}}</ref>}}
| runtime = 152 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INRConvert|60|c}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Agent Vinod Budget |date=19 September 2011 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/photo/big-budget-films-of-366310-2011-09-19 |access-date=24 August 2013}}</ref>
| gross = {{INRConvert|73|c}}<ref name="boxofficeindia">{{Cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=16|title = Agent Vinod - Movie - Box Office India}}</ref>
}}
'''''Agent Vinod''''' is a 2012 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[neo-noir]] [[spy film|spy]] [[action film]] written and directed by [[Sriram Raghavan]] and produced by [[Saif Ali Khan]] and [[Dinesh Vijan]]. The film revolves around terrorist conspiracy and stars Khan and [[Kareena Kapoor]] in the lead roles, while [[Ram Kapoor]], [[Prem Chopra]], [[Shahbaz Khan (actor)|Shahbaz Khan]] and [[Adil Hussain]] appear in prominent roles with [[Ravi Kishan]] in a cameo appearance.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2011/dec/081211-Agent-Vinod-riddled-with-woes.htm |title='Agent Vinod' riddled with woes |publisher=Mid-Day |access-date=28 March 2013}}</ref>

The film released on 23 March 2012 and received mixed reviews from critics, who praised the visuals, acting performances, action sequences, songs, cinematography and production values, but criticised the screenplay and writing. The film underperformed at the box office.

==Plot==
Somewhere in a [[Taliban]] camp in the [[Dasht-e Margo|Dasht-e-Madar]] desert, in [[Afghanistan]], [[Inter-Services Intelligence|ISI]] official [[Colonel (Pakistan)|Col.]] Huzefa is interrogating a captured man presumed to be a [[Research and Analysis Wing|RAW]] agent. The man gives details of RAW's operations in Afghanistan in exchange for money and safe passage across the border. In doing so, he betrays his colleague, [[Major (India)|Major]] Rajan, who has also infiltrated the camp. This is, however, revealed to be a ruse, as both overpower their captors and fight their way out of the camp. Along the way, they rescue a girl called Farah, who was being held hostage.

Later, the captured man who escaped with Rajan is revealed, in [[New Delhi]], to be Agent Vinod, who is shown a video message recorded by Rajan from [[Russia]] mentioning '242' just moments before being shot dead and tasked by RAW chief Hassan Nawaz to find out what '242' is. Vinod travels to [[St. Petersburg]] to intercept criminal don Abu Nazer and is almost captured, but manages to escape killing Abu in the process and goes to [[Tangier]], [[Morocco]]. He assumes the identity of Freddie Khambatta and meets the [[Russian mafia]] [[Crime boss|boss]] David Kazaan and his personal Pakistani doctor, Ruby Mendes. Vinod manages to convince Kazaan that he is indeed Freddie and hacks his phone. He gets closer to Ruby to find out what '242' is and finds out that her name is actually [[Iram Parveen Bilal]], and she is a [[British Pakistanis|British-Pakistani]] working undercover for the ISI. He obtains an invitation card for a private [[auction]] and learns that many international businessmen, some of them terrorist groups, are converging at an antiques auction in [[Marrakesh]] to purchase '242'.

At the auction, Vinod learns that '242' is actually the detonator for a [[Nuclear weapon|nuclear device]], and runs into businessman and philanthropist Jagdishwar Metla, with whom he has a disturbing conversation. A [[Bid price|bidding war]] ensues, and Kazaan manages to secure the detonator through his Russian girlfriend. Eventually, when ISI chief Col. Iftekhar Ahmed is later shot dead in Pakistan by Col. Huzefa moments after being informed of a few defectors, it turns out that a group of rogue ISI colonels, including Huzefa, is planning a [[Nuclear warfare|nuclear attack]] on India. Back in Morocco, Kazaan locks the detonator with a password, and hands it over to the mysterious '[[Colonel (Pakistan)|Colonel]]', who has arrived in Morocco. Iram finds out that Vinod is a RAW agent and both agree to work together to prevent the nuclear device from falling into the wrong hands. 'Colonel' captures Ruby and asks her to reveal the whereabouts of Vinod; he then blackmails Vinod's contact into deceitfully retrieving the detonator and later has him killed before Vinod, who realizes the betrayal, can question him at gunpoint. Shortly afterwards, he is attacked and admitted to a hospital. He clears his way out of the hospital to find Iram. 'Colonel', now having the detonator, reaches [[Riga]], [[Latvia]] to acquire the bomb. He is joined by rogue mercenary Jimmy, who is to detonate the bomb.

'Colonel' enlists Iram to help his men transport the bomb out of Latvia and tries to kill her, but fails. Vinod and Iram join hands again and try to capture the 'Colonel' and the bomb and reach [[Karachi]], where they bump into Farah as she gets them access inside a function attended by Col. Pasha, only for Vinod and Iram to be captured by Col. Huzefa and nevertheless manage to escape. Meanwhile, elsewhere, the house of an old man known only as 'Professor', who has links to 'Colonel', is infiltrated by the RAW team with Iram visiting in the name of 'Colonel'; despite 'Colonel' leaking her allegiances to him, when 'Professor' tries to kill Iram, he is neutralized by a team of special forces soldiers. Later, while putting two and two together through artifacts recovered from 'Professor' at his house, they learn of a plot to smuggle the nuclear device from Karachi into India, via [[Arabian Sea|the sea route]], and learn that the target of the bomb is [[New Delhi]]. They make it to Delhi, where Jimmy has already reached, and try to locate the bomb, but fail when Jimmy sets off a grenade and Vinod loses him in the fracas. Iram runs into 'Colonel', disguised as a pilot, again when she bumps into Metla and is fatally shot, but points him out to [[Indian Armed Forces|Indian security forces]], who spring into action when he holds Metla at gunpoint; Metla manages to free himself from 'Colonel', and in a shootout, his head is chopped to pieces by the helicopter blades. Eventually, Vinod successfully tracks down the bomb to a restaurant, strategically killing Jimmy, and takes it up in an NSG helicopter to detonate it as far away from the city as possible since nobody knows the password; he asks Hassan to connect him to Iram, who is being treated for her gunshot wounds. Iram realises the password to the detonator was set by Kazaan and asks Vinod to try the name of Kazaan's camel - "Zilleh". The bomb is successfully defused, though Iram succumbs to her gunshot wounds.

Vinod meets up with Hassan, who informs him of a flashdrive recovered from 'Colonel'; he later visits Metla, revealing to him that he knows Metla has had a hand in the conspiracy as its mastermind since he had struck a deal with 'Colonel' to earn the Zeus Group millions of dollars and orchestrated the nuclear attack for his own benefit; Metla, however, mocks him, claiming geopolitical affairs like these are too complex for "lowkey" officers like him to understand. Unbeknownst to Metla, Vinod is secretly recording the conversation through a wire, with the [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]]'s London cell listening in since minutes before their meeting. Realizing that they have been manipulated into almost starting a war with India, with the Pakistani government cracking down on them, the cell sends a suicide bomber to assassinate Metla at a function in his honour, even as Vinod proclaims to Metla that he must die "like a hero". Metla is killed, but posthumously feted as a great philanthropist. Later, on a beach in [[Cape Town]], the Russian woman who first acquired the nuclear device is seen sunbathing; she looks up to find Vinod smiling at her, indicating he has moved on to his next mission.

==Cast==
* [[Saif Ali Khan]] as Agent Vinod
* [[Kareena Kapoor]] as [[Inter-Services Intelligence|ISI]] agent [[Iram Parveen Bilal]] / Dr. Ruby Mendes
* [[Adil Hussain]] as [[Colonel (Pakistan)|Colonel]]
* [[Ravi Kishan]] as [[Major (rank)|Major]] Rajan Sinha
* [[Gulshan Grover]] as Tehmur Pasha
* [[Rajat Kapoor]] as Iftekhar Ahmed, Chief of [[Inter-Services Intelligence|ISI]]
* [[Prem Chopra]] as David Kazaan
* [[Ram Kapoor]] as Abu Sayed Nazer
* [[Zakir Hussain (actor)|Zakir Hussain]] as Associate in Tangier
* [[Shahbaz Khan (actor)|Shahbaz Khan]] as [[Colonel]] Huzefa Nawaz
* [[Maryam Zakaria]] as Farah Faqseh
* [[B. P. Singh]] as Hasan Nawaz, Chief of [[Research and Analysis Wing|RAW]]
* [[Dhritiman Chaterji]] as Sir Jagadishwar Metla
* [[Arif Zakaria]] as the [[Suicide attack|suicide bomber]]
* Rio Kapadia as Alay Khan, Pakistan's High Commissioner to India
* Satish Sharma as Contact in [[Riga]]
* Raajan Modi as Jetty Connect
* [[Elena Kazan]] as Tatiana Renko
* [[Mohommed Ali Shah]] as Police Inspector
* [[Lalit Parimoo]] as Professor
* Malika Haydon as an item dancer in the song "Steal The Night (I'll Do the Talking Tonight)" and "[[Pyaar ki Pungi|Pungi]]" (special appearance)

==Production==
According to Raghavan, ''Agent Vinod'' is not a remake of the [[Agent Vinod (1977 film)|1977 action film of the same name]].<ref name="AV">{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2007/10/12/3121/index.html |title="Agent Vinod is not a remake of Rajshri film" – Sriram Raghavan |work=Bollywood Hungama |agency=IndiaFM News Bureau |date=12 October 2007 |access-date=31 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080521013428/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2007/10/12/3121/index.html |archive-date=21 May 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In an interview with [[Bollywood Hungama]], he described it as "a realistic film ... full of action pieces, thrills and characters."<ref name="AV"/> On 30 May 2010, the director reported that the film's shoot had officially begun in [[Mumbai]]. Filming later continued in [[Morocco]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Saif's second home production goes on the floor |author=Kotwani, Hiren |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Saif-s-second-home-production-goes-on-the-floor/Article1-550162.aspx |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=30 May 2010 |access-date=31 May 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100611073328/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Saif-s-second-home-production-goes-on-the-floor/Article1-550162.aspx|archive-date=11 June 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[Latvia]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Language barrier for Agent Vinod crew in Latvia |author=Indo-Asian News Service |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Language-barrier-for-Agent-Vinod-crew-in-Latvia/Article1-621221.aspx |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=2 November 2011 |access-date=4 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110214152818/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Language-barrier-for-Agent-Vinod-crew-in-Latvia/Article1-621221.aspx|archive-date=14 February 2011|url-status=dead|author-link=Indo-Asian News Service}}</ref>

A Pakistani film maker [[Iram Parveen Bilal]], whom director Sriram Raghavan met at [[Indian Film Festival of Los Angeles|Indian Film Festival Los Angeles]], in 2008 was the inspiration behind Kareena's character name.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Meet-the-real-Iram-Parveen-Bilal/articleshow/12481590.cms |title=Meet the real Iram Parveen Bilal |work=The Times of India|access-date=15 September 2017}}</ref> In the beginning of the film, Agent Vinod mentions the name of a mole working as a guard at the [[Afghan jihadist camp|Taliban camp]] in [[Afghanistan]] as Mahendra Sandhu, which was a reference to [[Mahendra Sandhu|the actor]] who portrayed Agent Vinod in the original 1977 film.

The film's release was accompanied by an [[Indiagames]] [[Strategy video game|strategy]] [[mobile video game]] based on the film.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Agent Vinod |url=https://phoneky.com/games/?id=j4j58516 |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=phoneky.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Main|Agent Vinod (soundtrack)}}
The film's soundtrack has been composed by [[Pritam Chakraborty]].

The track "I'll Do the Talking Tonight" is a partial [[Interpolation (popular music)|interpolation]] of the 1978 song "[[Rasputin (song)|Rasputin]]", composed by German disco group [[Boney M.]] which in turn, was an uncredited interpolation from "[[Kâtibim]]", an [[Turkish folk music|Ottoman folk song]].<ref>{{cite news|last=|first=|date=3 February 2012|title=Pritam buys Boney M's Rasputin's rights|work=[[The Times of India]]|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-03/news-and-interviews/31020855_1_song-music-composer-shridhar-subramaniam|url-status=dead|access-date=6 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140204054848/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-03/news-and-interviews/31020855_1_song-music-composer-shridhar-subramaniam|archive-date=2014-02-04}}</ref> According to [[CNN-News18|IBN live]], "Raabta" is the "most beautiful song" of the film.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/watch-raabta-from-agent-vinod/238494-8-66.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314000517/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/watch-raabta-from-agent-vinod/238494-8-66.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-03-14 |title=Raabta: A classic composition |publisher=IBN Live.com}}</ref> The version of "Raabta" used in the film is the "Night in a Motel" version and is incorrectly listed as being sung by [[Hamsika Iyer]] when in fact it was sung by [[Aditi Singh Sharma]]. The song "Habibi Ya Nour El Ain" performed by [[Alabina]] and [[Ishtar (singer)|Ishtar]] was used in a scene in the background when Agent Vinod and Freddie Khambatta are seen walking out of [[Tangier Ibn Battouta Airport|Tangier Airport]]. However, the song and artist were not credited. The version of "Dil Mera Muft Ka" used in the film is not in the soundtrack. Also not included in the soundtrack was the song "Govind Bolo Gopal Bolo" but which, due to "popular demand", was later uploaded on [[YouTube]] by [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] on 29 March 2012.<ref>{{YouTube|mNl07SmPv7k}}</ref>

==Reception==
===Critical reception===
Kaveree Bamzai of ''[[India Today]]'' gave the film a mixed review, saying, "If only Sriram Raghavan had not gone weak on his knees at the thought of love, ''Agent Vinod'' would have been a smarter, sharper, cooler film."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/agent-vinod-movie-review-96853-2012-03-22 |title=Agent Vinod movie review |publisher=India Today |date=23 March 2012 |access-date=23 March 2012 |author=Bamzai, Kaveree}}</ref> Gaurav Malani of ''The [[The Times of India|Times of India]]'' called the film "above average" and said "The film is entertaining but not in entirety. ''Agent Vinod'' gets the nod though not whole-heartedly!"<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Agent-Vinod-Movie-Review/articleshow/12368374.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324071129/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-22/news-interviews/31230633_1_agent-vinod-sriram-raghavan-saif-ali-khan |url-status=live |archive-date=24 March 2012 |title=Agent Vinod: Movie Review |date=23 March 2012 |access-date=23 March 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |author=Malani, Gaurav}}</ref> Blassey Chettiar of ''[[Daily News and Analysis]]'' rated the film 3 out of 5 stars, saying, "Director Sriram Raghavan ([[Ek Hasina Thi (film)|''Ek Hasina Thi'']], [[Johnny Gaddaar|''Johnny Gaddar'']]) delivers a neat package, a suave lead hero slogging it out in picture-perfect locations, packing punches here and there, zooming off on sexy bikes, sexier cars and finally a copter, all in a day's work."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review_review-agent-vinod_1666243 |title=Blassy Chettiar reviews Agent Vinod |publisher=DNA India |date=23 March 2011 |access-date=23 March 2012 |author=Chettiar, Blassey}}</ref> Kunal Guha of ''[[Yahoo!]]'' rated the film 1 out of 5 stars, saying, "Let's just say foreign locales, weapons to annihilate the world, designer suits and not-so-excruciating interrogations don't cumulatively justify ''Agent Vinod'' as a thrilling movie-watching experience."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://in.movies.yahoo.com/blogs/movie-reviews/agent-vinod-review-111213483.html |title=Agent Vinod review |publisher=Yahoo!Movies |date=23 March 2012 |access-date=23 March 2012 |author=Guha, Kunal}}</ref> Raja Sen of ''[[Rediff]]'' gave the film 2.5 out of 5 stars and said, "As a film, ''Agent Vinod'' must be termed a disappointment, a slick and well-produced throwback to the spy thriller that feels both overlong and under-conceived.".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-agent-vinod-just-isnt-clever-enough/20120323.htm |title=Review: Agent Vinod just isn't clever enough |publisher=Rediff |date=23 March 2011 |access-date=23 March 2012 |author=Sen, Raja}}</ref>

[[Anupama Chopra]] of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' gave 2.5 out of 5 noted "The result is that ''Agent Vinod'' never becomes more than the sum of its parts and even though it picks up speed in the second half, it leaves you both exhausted and unsatisfied".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/reviews/anupama-chopra-s-review-agent-vinod/article1-830001.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323223956/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/reviews/anupama-chopra-s-review-agent-vinod/article1-830001.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 March 2012 |title=Anupama Chopra's review: Agent Vinod |author=anupama chopra |access-date=23 March 2012}}</ref> Mrigank Dhaniwala of ''Koimoi'' gave the film 2 out of 5 stars as well, commenting, "''Agent Vinod'' is a bold experiment gone wrong; certainly not something that entertains in its entirety ... (and) comes nowhere closer to the Bond or the Bourne series of Hollywood films."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.koimoi.com/reviews/agent-vinod-review/ |title=Agent Vinod Review |publisher=Koimoi |date=23 March 2011 |access-date=23 March 2012 |author=Dhaniwala, Mrigank}}</ref> ''[[Zee News]]'' commented that, "''Agent Vinod'' is a genuine attempt at entertaining in a sensible manner. But it somehow falls short of being declared as a brilliant piece of work. Watch it for its stylish presentation, it hasn't got anything else to offer."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/movies/review-agent-vinod-all-style-no-substance_108119.htm |title=Review: 'Agent Vinod' – All style, no substance |publisher=Zee News |date=23 March 2012 |access-date=23 March 2012 |author=Zee News Bureau}}</ref> [[Khalid Mohammed]] of ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' rated the film 2 out of 5 stars, commenting, "Suggestion: if you do venture into this at best, average ''Agent Vinod'', carry a huge thermos of coffee to stay awake."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/showbiz/movie-reviews/agent-vinod-review-now-here%E2%80%99s-boretainment-939 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324152953/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/showbiz/movie-reviews/agent-vinod-review-now-here%E2%80%99s-boretainment-939 |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 March 2012 |title=Agent Vinod review: Now, here's boretainment |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=23 March 2012 |access-date=23 March 2012 |author=Mohammed, Khalid}}</ref> [[Rajeev Masand]] of ''[[CNN-IBN]]'' rating the film 2/5 feels "''Agent Vinod'' with so many varied influences that it never finds its own distinct identity".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masand-agent-vinod-is-a-boring-disappointing-film/242099-47-84.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324183659/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masand-agent-vinod-is-a-boring-disappointing-film/242099-47-84.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 March 2012 |title=Masand: 'Agent Vinod' is a boring, disappointing film |author=Rajeev Masand |publisher=CNN-IBN |access-date=23 March 2012}}</ref>

Richard Kuipers of [[Variety (magazine)|''Variety'']] commented that "this big-budget exercise bears all the hallmarks of a franchise-in-waiting; with an injection of the elan the real [[Richard Maibaum|Maibaum]] brought to the Bond series, such an enterprise could prove successful".{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}} ''[[Independent Online]]'' from South Africa gives 3.5 out of 5 and says "the film is undeniably a cool and entertaining spy thriller".{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}}

===Box office===
On its opening day, the film collected {{INRConvert|94.1|m}} at the box office.<ref>{{cite web |title=Agent Vinod First Day Territorial Breakdown |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4195&nCat= |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=31 March 2012 |date=24 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626145119/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4195&nCat= |archive-date=26 June 2012}}</ref> It showed less growth during the next two days<ref>{{cite web |title=Agent Vinod Second Day Business |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4199&nCat= |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=31 March 2012 |date=25 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626120406/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4199&nCat= |archive-date=26 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Agent Vinod Has Limited Growth on Sunday |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4203&nCat= |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=31 March 2012 |date=26 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626152728/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4203&nCat= |archive-date=26 June 2012}}</ref> ultimately grossing around {{INRConvert|180|m}} in its first weekend.<ref>{{cite web |title=Agent Vinod First Weekend Territorial Breakdown |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4205&nCat= |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=31 March 2012 |date=26 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626151918/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4205&nCat= |archive-date=26 June 2012}}</ref> ''Agent Vinod'' went on to earn a total of {{INRConvert|368|m}} during its first week and {{INRConvert|546|m|year=2012}} throughout its run.<ref name="boxofficeindia"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=16 |title=Agent Vinod |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=30 November 2016}}</ref>

== Controversies ==
Before release, ''Agent Vinod'' ran into trouble when [[Saif Ali Khan]]'s brawl with businessman Iqbal Meer Sharma was touted as a publicity stunt for the film.<ref name=CONTRO/> However, Khan has strongly denied this characterization, and said, "I don't believe in garnering publicity in such a negative manner. Rather our posters and promos should create the right kind of buzz".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.emirates247.com/entertainment/films-music/agent-vinod-needs-no-publicity-saif-ali-khan-2012-02-24-1.444801|title=Agent Vinod needs no publicity: Saif Ali Khan - Entertainment - Films and Music - Emirates24|7|date=24 February 2012 }}</ref>

Khan was shown black flags while promoting the film in [[Bhopal]], which was triggered due to changes brought into administration of the [[Pataudi family]] properties in the Middle East.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-10/news-interviews/31142963_1_black-flags-saif-ali-khan-saudi-arabia |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120701144819/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-10/news-interviews/31142963_1_black-flags-saif-ali-khan-saudi-arabia |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 July 2012 |title=Black flags shown to Saif Ali Khan |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=10 March 2012 |access-date=30 April 2012}}</ref>

Iranian band [[Barobax]] later sued the film's music director [[Pritam]] one week before the release, claiming that he lifted the song "Pyaar Ki Pungi" from the former's song "Soosan Khanoom". However, two weeks after the film's release, the band publicly apologised to Pritam and stating both the songs were different, and withdrew its court-case.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-13/news-and-interviews/31336653_1_plagiarism-case-pritam-iranian-band |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131026055020/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-13/news-and-interviews/31336653_1_plagiarism-case-pritam-iranian-band |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 October 2013 |title=Iranian band Barobax apologizes to Pritam |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=30 April 2012}}</ref>

A few days before release, the film was banned by the [[Central Board of Film Censors]] of Pakistan for containing various controversial references to the Pakistani spy agency [[Inter-Services Intelligence]].<ref name="ISI">{{cite news |date=20 March 2012 |title=Saif-Kareena spy flick Agent Vinod banned across Pakistan |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/352565/saif-kareena-spy-flick-agent-vinod-banned-across-pakistan/ |access-date=21 March 2012 |work=[[The Express Tribune]]}}</ref> The film made references to a section of [[Pakistan and state-sponsored terrorism|ISI's involvement in jihadi groups and terror activities]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012%5C03%5C30%5Cstory_30-3-2012_pg3_2 |title=Leading News Resource of Pakistan |work=Daily Times |date=30 March 2012 |access-date=30 April 2012}}</ref> To this, Khan responded, "This is a realistic kind of a thriller. We have shown that there are some negative elements in Pakistan towards India and their Censor have a problem showing that. We have shown a few most-wanted criminals, those that are harboured in Pakistan, which is a known fact. May be they have taken offence to that. But ultimately we want a RAW agent to win and baddies to lose. If they are uncomfortable with that then they should publicise the fact that they are banning ''Agent Vinod'' in Pakistan".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Pakistan-s-ban-on-Agent-Vinod-a-shame-Saif/Article1-828674.aspx |title=Pakistan's ban on Agent Vinod a shame: Saif |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=21 March 2012 |access-date=30 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423201553/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Pakistan-s-ban-on-Agent-Vinod-a-shame-Saif/Article1-828674.aspx|archive-date=23 April 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

A week after its theatrical release, ''Agent Vinod'' again ran into trouble for [[plagiarism]]. Reports said that the film featured songs from older films, without acquiring prior permission from the producers. The songs involved were "Aasmaan Pe Hai Khuda" from Ramesh Saigal's ''[[Phir Subah Hogi]]'' (1958), "Meri Jaan Maine Kaha" from Ramesh Behl's ''[[The Train (1970 film)|The Train]]'' (1970) and "Rakamma" from [[Mani Ratnam]]'s ''[[Thalapathi]]'' (1991). The owners of these songs were not credited in the film. Saif Ali Khan however paid for the rights later, and explained this to be a last-minute co-ordination problem.<ref name=CONTRO>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/saif-pays-the-price-for-using-old-songs-in-agent-vinod/article1-834340.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402202910/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Saif-pays-the-price-for-using-old-songs-in-Agent-Vinod/Article1-834340.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 April 2012 |title=Saif pays the price for using old songs in Agent Vinod |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=2 April 2012 |access-date=30 April 2012}}</ref>

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Award
! Category
! Recipients and nominees
! Result
! Ref.
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[5th Mirchi Music Awards]]
| Programmer & Arranger of the Year
| [[Dhrubajyoti Phukan|DJ Phukan]] & Hyacinth Dsouza – "Dil Mera Muft Ka"
| {{won}}
| rowspan=2 |<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2012/hindi/nomination.html |title=Nominations – Mirchi Music Award Hindi 2012 |website=www.radiomirchi.com|access-date=27 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2012/hindi/winners_list.html |title=Winners – Mirchi Music Award Hindi 2012 |website=www.radiomirchi.com|access-date=27 April 2018}}</ref>
|-
| Song representing Sufi tradition
| "[[Raabta (song)|Raabta]]"
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[14th IIFA Awards]]
| [[IIFA Award for Best Male Playback Singer]]
| [[Mika Singh]] for "[[Pyaar ki Pungi]]"
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite news |title=IIFA 2013: The complete list of nominations |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/iifa-2013-the-complete-list-of-nominations-621724.html |access-date=22 October 2019 |work=News18}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Team |first1=Indicine |title=IIFA Awards 2013 to be held in Macau |url=http://www.indicine.com/movies/bollywood/iifa-awards-2013-to-be-held-in-macau/ |access-date=22 October 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 2013 [[Zee Cine Awards]]
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Track of the Year]]
| "[[Pyaar ki Pungi]]"
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=SRIVASTAVA |first1=SMITA |title=Zee Cine Awards 2013 nominations announced |url=http://www.activeindiatv.com/entertainment/2083-zee-cine-awards-2013-nominations-announced |work=Active India |language=en-gb}}</ref>
|}

==See also==
* [[Bollywood films of 2012]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.followagentvinod.com/}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie|agent-vinod}}
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Mojo movie}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{Sriram Raghavan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Agent Vinod (2012 film)}}
[[Category:2012 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2012 Indian films]]
[[Category:2010s spy action films]]
[[Category:2012 controversies]]
[[Category:2012 films]]
[[Category:Censored films]]
[[Category:Film censorship in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Films about Islamic terrorism in India]]
[[Category:Films about bomb disposal]]
[[Category:Films about jihadism]]
[[Category:Films about kidnapping in India]]
[[Category:Films about nuclear technology]]
[[Category:Films about nuclear war and weapons]]
[[Category:Films about the Research & Analysis Wing]]
[[Category:Films about the Russian Mafia]]
[[Category:Films adapted for other media]]
[[Category:Films directed by Sriram Raghavan]]
[[Category:Films scored by Pritam]]
[[Category:Films involved in plagiarism controversies]]
[[Category:Films set in Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Films set in Cape Town]]
[[Category:Films set in Karachi]]
[[Category:Films set in Latvia]]
[[Category:Films set in Morocco]]
[[Category:Films set in Riga]]
[[Category:Films set in Russia]]
[[Category:Films set in Saint Petersburg]]
[[Category:Films set in Tangier]]
[[Category:Films shot in Delhi]]
[[Category:Films shot in England]]
[[Category:Films shot in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Films shot in Latvia]]
[[Category:Films shot in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Films shot in Morocco]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Russia]]
[[Category:Films shot in South Africa]]
[[Category:Films shot in Switzerland]]
[[Category:Films shot in the Western Cape]]
[[Category:Films subject to a lawsuit]]
[[Category:Hindi-language action films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language action thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian Army in films]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian detective films]]
[[Category:Indian intellectual property law]]
[[Category:Indian spy action films]]
[[Category:Indian spy thriller films]]
[[Category:India–Pakistan relations in popular culture]]
[[Category:Military of Pakistan in films]]
[[Category:Pakistan Navy in fiction]]
[[Category:Remakes of Indian films]]
[[Category:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) films]]
[[Category:Works about the Taliban]]
[[Category:Films distributed by Eros International]]

Shrimati (film)

2026-03-04T00:13:28Z

ShastaJfh707289: New first post nd citations.

{{Short description|2022 Indian Bengali film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Shrimati
| image = Shrimati Poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Arjunn Dutta]]
| writer = [[Arjunn Dutta]]
| screenplay =
| producer = Kan Singh Sodha
| starring = {{ubl|
| [[Swastika Mukherjee]]
| [[Soham Chakraborty]]
}}
| cinematography = [[Supratim Bhol]]
| editing = Sujay Datta Ray
| music = Soumya Rit
| studio =
| production_companies = KSS Productions
| distributor = [[Shree Venkatesh Films]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2022|07|8}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Bengali
| budget = 
}}
'''''Shrimati''''' is a 2022 Indian [[Bengali language]] [[Comedy film|comedy]] [[drama film]] written and directed by [[Arjunn Dutta]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Arjunn on why his next 'Shrimati' is relevant in today's world |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/arjunn-on-why-his-next-shrimati-is-relevant-in-todays-world/articleshow/80761115.cms |access-date=2022-08-31 |newspaper=The Times of India | first=Sankha | last=Ghosh | date=9 February 2021 }}</ref> The film is produced by Kan Singh Sodha under the banner of KSS Productions.<ref>{{Cite web |last=আনন্দ |first=ওয়েব ডেস্ক, এবিপি |date=2022-06-09 |title=সংসার করতে ভালোবাসা মানে কি নিজেকে হারিয়ে ফেলা? উত্তর দেবে 'শ্রীমতী' |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/entertainment/shrimati-shrimati-story-of-a-common-house-wife-who-could-not-balance-her-own-life-and-her-family-trailer-out-894950 |access-date=2022-06-12 |website=bengali.abplive.com |language=bn}}</ref> The film features [[Swastika Mukherjee]] and [[Soham Chakraborty]] in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=আনন্দ |first=ওয়েব ডেস্ক, এবিপি |title=নিজের থেকে বয়সে ছোট সোহমের সঙ্গে প্রেম করেছিলেন স্বস্তিকা? |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/entertainment/shrimati-swastika-mukherjee-and-soham-chakraborty-will-be-paired-in-shrimati-teaser-out-today-893960 |access-date=2022-06-13 |website=ABP Bengali |language=bn}}</ref>

== Cast ==

* [[Swastika Mukherjee]]<ref>{{Cite web |title='Shrimati': Swastika Mukherjee turns a middle-class housewife suffering from identity crisis! - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/swastika-mukherjee-in-identity-crisis/articleshow/92052460.cms |access-date=2022-06-12 |website=The Times of India }}</ref>
* [[Soham Chakraborty]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=আনন্দ |first=ওয়েব ডেস্ক, এবিপি |date=2022-06-04 |title=নিজের থেকে বয়সে ছোট সোহমের সঙ্গে প্রেম করেছিলেন স্বস্তিকা? |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/entertainment/shrimati-swastika-mukherjee-and-soham-chakraborty-will-be-paired-in-shrimati-teaser-out-today-893960 |access-date=2022-06-12 |website=bengali.abplive.com |language=bn}}</ref>
* [[Trina Saha]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shrimati: এক সাধারণ গৃহিণীর 'টক- ঝাল- মিষ্টি' জার্নি 'শ্রীমতী', প্রকাশ্যে নজরকাড়া ট্রেলার |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/tollywood-bengali-cinema/story/swastika-mukherjee-soham-chakraborty-starring-shrimati-new-bangla-film-arjunn-dutta-story-upper-middle-class-disorganized-housewife-official-trailer-launches-soc-382133-2022-06-09 |access-date=2022-06-12 |website=Aaj Tak বাংলা |language=bn}}</ref>
* Kheya Chattopadhyay
* Uday Pratap Singh
* [[Barkha Sengupta]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barkha Bisht makes a comeback in Tollywood after 12 years - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/barkha-bisht-makes-a-comeback-in-tollywood-after-12-years/articleshow/92104352.cms |access-date=2022-06-12 |website=The Times of India }}</ref>
* Debjani Bose

== Release ==
The trailer of the film released on 8 June 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Shrimati' trailer: Arjunn Dutta's film shows a homemaker's life can be extraordinary too - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/shrimati-trailer-arjunn-duttas-film-shows-a-homemakers-life-can-be-extraordinary-too/articleshow/92118606.cms |access-date=2022-06-12 |website=The Times of India }}</ref> The film was released theatrically on 8 July 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Swastika turns an upper middle-class housewife in 'Shrimati', film to release this July - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/swastika-turns-an-upper-middle-class-housewife-in-shrimati-film-to-release-this-july/articleshow/90952242.cms |access-date=2022-06-12 |website=The Times of India }}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Shrimati
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Soumya Rit
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2022<ref name="jiosaavn">{{cite web |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/shrimati/xp9Z0gi1kkE_|title=Shrimati – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack |date=2022|publisher=Jiosaavn}}</ref>
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack]]
| length = 12:41
| language = Bengali
| label = Times Music Bangla
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| total_length = 12:41
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Shon Shon
| length1 = 4:45
| extra1 = [[Somlata Acharyya Chowdhury]]
| title2 = Boka Boka Ei Mon
| length2 = 4:17
| extra2 = [[Anupam Roy]]
| title3 = 36-24-36
| length3 = 3:39
| extra3 = [[Lagnajita Chakraborty]]
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|15477438}}

[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:2022 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Arjunn Dutta]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]

{{2020s-Bengali-film-stub}}

Mithya (web series)

2026-02-13T12:51:49Z

ShastaJfh707289: Started Pg - done

{{Short description|Indian drama web series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Mithya The Darker Chapter.jpeg
| caption = Promotional Poster
| genre = {{Plainlist |
* Psychological thriller
* Drama
}}
| creator = Gabby Hull
| based_on = {{based on|''Cheat''|Gaby Hull}}
| writer = Purva Naresh
| director = '''Season 1:'''<br />[[Rohan Sippy]]<br />'''Season 2:'''<br />Kapil Sharma<ref>{{cite web |title=Mithya The Darker Chapter Review: Huma Qureshi Shines In An Ambitious But Uneven Thriller |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/mithya-the-darker-chapter-review-huma-qureshi-shines-in-an-ambitious-but-uneven-thriller-9105796.html |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
| starring = {{Plainlist |
* [[Huma Qureshi]]
* Avantika Dassani
* [[Parambrata Chatterjee]]
}}
| music = {{Plainlist |
* Nirmal pandya S2 & Ripul sharma S1
}}
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 2
| num_episodes = 12
| list_episodes = Mithya (web series)#Episodes list
| producer = {{Plainlist |
* [[Goldie Behl]]
* Shradha Behl Singh
}}
| cinematography = [[Sirsha Ray]]
| company = {{Plainlist |
* [[Applause Entertainment]]
* Rose Audio Visuals
}}
| first_aired = {{Start date|2022|02|18|df=y}}
| last_aired = present
}}

'''''Mithya''''' is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language, [[psychological thriller]] drama web series streaming on [[ZEE5]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dixit |first=Saumya |date=2022-02-01 |title=Huma Qureshi calls herself 'muhfat' as she talks about her character in Mithya |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/huma-qureshi-calls-herself-moohfat-as-she-talks-about-her-character-in-mithya-101643636142835.html |access-date=2022-02-21 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> It is directed by [[Rohan Sippy]] and produced by [[Applause Entertainment]] and Rose Audio Visual Production.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 Feb 2022 |title='Mithya' trailer out: Avantika Dassani-Huma Qureshi promise chilling dark drama |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-mithya-trailer-out-avantika-dassani-huma-qureshi-promise-chilling-dark-drama-zee5-2931804 |access-date=11 Feb 2022 |work=Dnaindia.com}}</ref> The series, which is originally based on Web series Cheat 2019, was released on 18 February 2022<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Hemant |date=2022-02-02 |title=New Series Mithya : मिथ्या में हुमा कुरैशी को टक्कर दे रही हैं भाग्यश्री की बेटी अवंतिका दसानी, देखें धमाकेदार ट्रेलर |url=https://www.tv9hindi.com/entertainment/ott/huma-qureshi-and-avantika-dassani-starrer-new-webseries-mithya-trailer-launched-will-premier-at-zee5-on-18-february-1039173.html |access-date=2022-02-11 |website=Tv9hindi.com |language=hi}}</ref> and stars [[Huma Qureshi]], Avantika Dassani, [[Parambrata Chatterjee]], [[Rajit Kapur]] and Samir Soni in pivotal roles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saini |first=Narendra |date=2 Feb 2022 |title=हिंदी प्रोफेसर और स्टुडेंट के बीच 'तथ्य, सत्य और कथ्य' की जंग है 'मिथ्या', ट्रेलर हुआ रिलीज |url=https://ndtv.in/web-series/mithya-trailer-released-battle-of-hindi-professor-huma-qureshi-and-student-avantika-dassani-in-zee5-web-series-2744417 |access-date=2022-02-11 |website=NDTVIndia}}</ref> The series is adapted from the British television show ''Cheat!''<ref>{{Cite web |title='मिथ्या' से भाग्यश्री की बेटी अवंतिका दासानी का ओटीटी डेब्यू, हुमा कुरैशी का मिला साथ |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/entertainment/story-zee5-web-series-mithya-starring-huma-qureshi-avantika-dassani-parambrata-chatterjee-rajit-kapur-samir-soni-5682914.html |access-date=2022-02-21 |website=Hindustan |date=28 January 2022 |language=hindi}}</ref> Avantika Dassani made her acting debut with this series.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nagaraj |first=Sindhu |date=2022-02-09 |title=Avantika Dassani: 'Mithya' is the story of two women and their personal lives |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/avantika-dassani-mithya-is-the-story-of-two-women-and-their-personal-lives/article38402399.ece |access-date=2022-02-11 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The drama was exclusively shot in [[St. Paul's School, Darjeeling]].<ref>{{Cite web |title= |url=St. Paul's School, Darjeeling}}</ref> Following the conclusion of the first season, a second season, titled ''Mithya: The Darker Chapter'', was announced in October 2024 and premiered on 1 November 2024. Actor [[Naveen Kasturia]] joined the cast in a pivotal role.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-10-22 |title=Mithya Season 2 trailer: Huma Qureshi-Avantika Dassani in 'darker' mystery |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/web-series/story/mithya-season-2-trailer-huma-qureshi-avantika-dassani-in-darker-mystery-2621259-2024-10-22 |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Wadhwa |first=Aman |title=Mithya season 2 trailer: Huma Qureshi, Avantika Dassani want to take revenge against each other in Kapil Sharma show |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-mithya-season-2-trailer-huma-qureshi-avantika-dassani-want-to-take-revenge-kapil-sharma-zee5-web-series-ott-3114472 |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>

== Plot ==

=== Season 1 ===
Set against the picturesque backdrop of Darjeeling, this is a dark and twisted tale of truth and deception laced with numerous secrets and lies. It all starts when Juhi Adhikari, a righteous Hindi Literature professor, accuses her student, Rhea Rajguru of plagiarism in her Literature essay.

Rhea, who is the daughter of one of the top college benefactors doesn’t take this well and sets out on a journey of vengeance and violence, destroying everything in her path. What happens when an obsessed and impulsive Rhea turns Juhi’s world upside down is what follows the rest of the story.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-02-18|title=Mithya review: Huma Qureshi, Avantika Dassani craft a suspenseful thriller|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/mithya-review-huma-qureshi-avantika-dassani-craft-a-suspenseful-thriller-10385341.html|access-date=2022-02-23|website=Firstpost|language=en}}</ref>

=== Season 2 ===
Rhea, played by Avantika Dassani, continues her quest for revenge. Discovering that Anand Tyagi is her father, she sets out to win his approval.

When Rhea finally meets Anand, she attempts to prove she's not as bad as he might think. She explains that she wasn’t actually kidnapping Yash, Juhi’s son, but was instead trying to rescue him from danger.

== Cast ==

* [[Huma Qureshi]] as Juhi Adhikari, Hindi professor
* Avantika Dassani as Rhea Rajguru, student
* [[Parambrata Chatterjee]] as Neil Adhikari, Juhi's husband
* [[Rajit Kapur]] as Anand Tyagi, Juhi's father
* Avantika Akerkar as Sudha, Juhi's mother
* [[Samir Soni]] as Rajguru, Rhea's father
* [[Indraneil Sengupta]] as Vishal
* Naina Sareen as Sharmistha

=== <u>Season 2</u> ===

* [[Naveen Kasturia]] as Amit Chaudhary
* [[Anindita Bose]] as Mansi Mehra
* [[Rushad Rana]] as Vikas
* Krishna Bisht as Arun aka Ronnie
* Mahendra Bagda as Jeth Bahadur

== Release ==
ZEE5 announced the launch of a trailer on 8 February 2022 and the series was released on 18 February 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kanabar |first=Nirali |date=8 Feb 2022 |title=Hrithik Roshan gives a shoutout to Huma Qureshi's Mithya, says the trailer looks amazing |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/hrithik-roshan-gives-a-shoutout-to-huma-qureshi-s-mithya-says-the-trailer-looks-amazing-1910344-2022-02-08 |access-date=2022-02-11 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> The second season was released on [[ZEE5]] on 1 November 2024.<ref name=":0" />

== Series overview ==

{{Series overview
| color1 = #B11030
| link1 =
| episodes1 = 6
| released1 = {{Start date|2022|02|18|df=yes}}

| color2 = #336124
| link2 =
| episodes2 = 6
| released2 = {{Start date|2024|11|01|df=yes}}

}}

== Episode list ==

=== Season 1 (2022) ===

{{Episode table |EpisodeNumber = | EpisodeNumber2 = |background=#B11030|title= |director= |writer= |airdate= |airdateR=|country=In |episodes=
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|EpisodeNumber2 = 1
|Title = Maine Dekhi Hai Uski Mrityu
|DirectedBy = [[Rohan Sippy]]
|WrittenBy = Purva Naresh
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|02|18|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Juhi, Rhea's Hindi literature professor, has suspicions about Rhea cheating on her term essay and ultimately decides to fail her. In a twist, Rhea cunningly persuades Arun, the hostel security guard, to reveal Juhi's address for her own purposes.
|LineColor = B11030
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|EpisodeNumber2 = 2
|Title = Nishaane Pe Sirf Main Thi
|DirectedBy = Rohan Sippy
|WrittenBy = Purva Naresh
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|02|18|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Juhi and Neil's relationship starts to unravel, creating tension between them. Meanwhile, Juhi and Rhea's rivalry escalates and becomes widely known after Juhi intentionally embarrasses Rhea during class. In an unexpected turn, Rhea decides to visit Juhi's house, where she encounters Neil.
|LineColor = B11030
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|EpisodeNumber2 = 3
|Title = Sach Ke Kai Pehlu
|DirectedBy = Rohan Sippy
|WrittenBy = Purva Naresh
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|02|18|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Juhi's suspicions about Rhea intensify when she discovers that her wedding ring is missing. To her shock, she sees Rhea wearing the very ring she thought lost. Fueled by anger, Juhi confronts Rhea aggressively at the Founder’s Day party. This explosive incident leads to a significant confrontation between Juhi and Neil, resulting in a major argument between the two.
|LineColor = B11030
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|EpisodeNumber2 = 4
|Title = Sach Ki Tarah Log Bhi Complex Hote Hain
|DirectedBy = Rohan Sippy
|WrittenBy = Purva Naresh
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|02|18|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Juhi experiences profound emotional turmoil and turns to her parents for support during this difficult time. Meanwhile, Anand drops by to see Rhea, who takes advantage of the situation. While Juhi is preoccupied at her parents' anniversary party, Rhea slyly seduces Neil, further complicating the already strained relationships.
|LineColor = B11030
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|EpisodeNumber2 = 5
|Title = Hum Sab Mein Ek Cheat Hota Hai
|DirectedBy = Rohan Sippy
|WrittenBy = Purva Naresh
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|02|18|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Neil reveals to Juhi a picture he found in his pocket, prompting her to confront Anand about its origins. During this confrontation, Anand admits the truth about Rhea, unveiling secrets that leave Juhi reeling. Meanwhile, Rhea takes the opportunity to share her past with Neil, deepening their connection. When Juhi returns home, she is met with a shocking sight that forces her to confront the turmoil in her life head-on.
|LineColor = B11030
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|EpisodeNumber2 = 6
|Title = Tum Phool Si, Main Kaante Si
|DirectedBy = Rohan Sippy
|WrittenBy = Purva Naresh
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|02|18|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Sunanda becomes convinced that there’s more to Rhea’s story and decides to investigate further into her life. In a tense confrontation, Anand successfully gets Rhea to confess to her wrongdoing. Meanwhile, Rhea, desperate to make amends, attempts to reach out to Juhi. However, her efforts are met with disappointment as Juhi rejects her, leaving Rhea’s hopes for reconciliation in tatters.
|LineColor = B11030
}}
}}

=== Season 2 (2024) ===

{{Episode table |EpisodeNumber = | EpisodeNumber2 = |background=#336124|title= |director= |writer= |airdate= |airdateR=|country=In |episodes=
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7
|EpisodeNumber2 = 1
|Title = Chehre Pe Chehra
|DirectedBy = Kapil Sharma
|WrittenBy = Purva Naresh, Nishank Verma, Nisarg Mehta, Aparna Nadig
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|11|01|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Amit Chaudhary accuses Juhi of plagiarism, and Juhi suspects Rhea is the one behind it. At the same time, Rhea’s hopes of inheriting the Rajguru estate are threatened. Meanwhile, Anand is on the verge of discovering a startling truth.
|LineColor = 336124
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 8
|EpisodeNumber2 = 2
|Title = We Are Family
|DirectedBy = Kapil Sharma
|WrittenBy = Purva Naresh, Nishank Verma, Nisarg Mehta, Aparna Nadig
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|11|01|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Amit sends Juhi a legal notice through Anand. When Anand tries to meet with Amit to settle the issue, his efforts only make things worse. Meanwhile, Rhea uncovers details about Juhi's past with Vishal.
|LineColor = 336124
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 9
|EpisodeNumber2 = 3
|Title = The Darkest Hour
|DirectedBy = Kapil Sharma
|WrittenBy = Purva Naresh, Nishank Verma, Nisarg Mehta, Aparna Nadig
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|11|01|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Juhi discovers that Anand confessed to Amit about the plagiarism. To shield him, she publicly takes the blame. Overcome with guilt, Anand apologizes to both Juhi and Rhea before making a drastic decision.
|LineColor = 336124
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 10
|EpisodeNumber2 = 4
|Title = I Will Never Stop
|DirectedBy = Kapil Sharma
|WrittenBy = Purva Naresh, Nishank Verma, Nisarg Mehta, Aparna Nadig
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|11|01|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Juhi investigates the truth behind the plagiarism allegations, while Rhea looks for Yash's biological father. When Yash goes missing, Juhi becomes suspicious of Rhea and brings the police to the Rajguru estate.
|LineColor = 336124
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 11
|EpisodeNumber2 = 5
|Title = Jo Karna Tha, Mujhe Karna Tha
|DirectedBy = Kapil Sharma
|WrittenBy = Purva Naresh, Nishank Verma, Nisarg Mehta, Aparna Nadig
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|11|01|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Arun's obsession puts Yash in danger, prompting Rhea and Amit to confront him. After hearing about Yash's death, Juhi is admitted to a mental health facility. Meanwhile, Amit grows increasingly wary of Rhea's ambitions.
|LineColor = 336124
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 12
|EpisodeNumber2 = 6
|Title = Tum Aur Main Alag Nahi
|DirectedBy = Kapil Sharma
|WrittenBy = Purva Naresh, Nishank Verma, Nisarg Mehta, Aparna Nadig
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|11|01|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Amit informs Juhi that Yash is alive and with Rhea. Juhi then deceives Rhea into searching for Yash at the Rajguru estate. In a final confrontation, Juhi manages to turn the tables on Rhea.
|LineColor = 336124
}}
}}

== Reception ==

=== Critical reviews ===

==== Season 1 ====
The series opened to mixed to positive reviews.
Archika Khurana of [[The Times of India]]<ref>{{Citation|last=Khurana|first=Archika|title=Mithya Season 1 Review: Huma Qureshi and Avantika Dassani's intense performances make this psychodrama an addictive thriller|newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/mithya/season-1/seasonreview/89520236.cms|access-date=2022-02-21}}</ref> has given 3/5 stars stating that Huma Qureshi and Avantika Dassani's intense performances make this psychodrama an addictive thriller. All the actors made justice with their characters in terms of performance. The Darjeeling's picturesque grandeur, with overcast rains, weather, and the greenery of the Himalayan foothills, added beauty to the screenplay. The background score is effective.

Devarsi Ghosh of [[Hindustan Times]] stated that the web series should have been a tight little naughty 90-minute murder mystery. Instead of a stretched 180-minute which is the nearly same length as the British series Cheat. Series direction was in a state of nervous excitement, and anything with emotional gravity will drag Sippy down. It is watchable because of the actors' performances.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ghosh|first=Devarsi|date=2022-02-18|title=Mithya review: Huma Qureshi-led web series should have been a ninety-minute thriller|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/mithya-review-huma-qureshi-led-web-series-should-have-been-a-ninety-minute-thriller-101645189760491.html|access-date=2022-02-21|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

Shubhra Gupta of [[The Indian Express]] stated that Huma Qureshi and Avantika Dassani thriller locks in long-term guilt, and a burning desire for revenge makes it great companions for a story like this one. The tale of fatal attractions leaves us poised on an uneasy cliff-hanger and interested for another season.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gupta|first=Shubhra|date=2022-02-18|title=Mithya review: Huma Qureshi, Avantika Dassani thriller is a tale of fatal attractions|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/mithya-review-huma-qureshi-avantika-dassani-7779486/|access-date=2022-02-21|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

==== Season 2 ====
Yatamanyu Narain of ''[[Network18 Group|News 18]]'' rated it three out of five stars noting that "As a psychological thriller, the series excels in depicting the darker impulses of its characters, painting the bonds of family and ambition in shadowed hues."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mithya The Darker Chapter Review: Huma Qureshi Shines In An Ambitious But Uneven Thriller |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/mithya-the-darker-chapter-review-huma-qureshi-shines-in-an-ambitious-but-uneven-thriller-9105796.html |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

Kunal Kothari of ''iwmbuzz also gave three out of five and wrote that "''It delivers on its promise of mystery and intrigue, offering a solid continuation of the original story with a fresh twist on familiar themes. While some of the plot’s shocking moments may not have the intended effect, and the pacing could use tightening, the suspenseful plot, the beauty and mystery of Darjeeling, and the powerful performances make it a worthwhile watch for fans of psychological thrillers."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kothari |first=Kunal |date=2024-10-31 |title='Mithya - The Darker Chapter' Review: A Gripping Story of Deception and Shifting Loyalties |url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/digital/editorial-digital/mithya-the-darker-chapter-review-a-gripping-story-of-deception-and-shifting-loyalties/2024/10/31 |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=IWMBuzz |language=en}}</ref>

Rahul Desai of ''[[The Hollywood Reporter|Hollywood Reporter India]]'' stated that "Mithya: The Darker Chapter is a grand celebration of mediocrity, a lost marble that masquerades as a fiery planet barrelling through the cinematic solar system in defiance of gravity and logic."<ref>{{Cite web |title='Mithya: The Darker Chapter' Review: How much Mithya is too much Mithya? |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/streaming/mithya-the-darker-chapter-review-how-much-mithya-is-too-much-mithya |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=The Hollywood Reporter India |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* ''[https://www.zee5.com/web-series/details/mithya/0-6-4z587408 Mithya]'' at [[List of ZEE5 original programming|ZEE5]]
* {{IMDb title|id=tt17494264}}

[[Category:Indian drama web series]]
[[Category:ZEE5 original programming]]
[[Category:2022 web series debuts]]

Rama Rao Memorial Taluk Hospital Nedungolam

2026-02-11T18:04:48Z

ShastaJfh707289: added new bio

{{short description|Taluk hospital in Kerala, India}}
{{Infobox hospital
| name = Rama Rao Memorial Taluk Hospital
| image = Rama Rao memorial Govt. Taluk Hospital, Paravur.jpg
| caption = Rama Rao Memorial Govt. Taluk Hospital, Paravur
| location = Nedungolam, Paravur, Kollam district, Kerala, India
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|8.832728|N|76.683084|E|display=inline,title}}
| healthcare = Public
| type = Taluk hospital
| funding = Government of Kerala
| founded = 1894
| beds =
| website =
| pushpin_map = India Kerala
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala
}}

'''Rama Rao Memorial Taluk Hospital''' is a government taluk hospital located in Nedungolam, in the Paravur region of Kollam district, Kerala, India. It provides a range of primary and secondary healthcare services and is administered by the Government of Kerala.

== History ==
The hospital was reportedly established in **1894** through the philanthropic efforts of **T. Rama Rao**, a former Dewan of Travancore, to provide medical care to underserved communities in Nedungolam and surrounding areas. After his death in 1895, his son Rao Sahib Udarasiromani T. Padmanabha Rao contributed to the institution’s development. Over time, the hospital expanded its services and was formally incorporated into the public health system of the Government of Kerala.<ref>{{cite web |title=List of modern medicine institutions in Kerala |url=https://dhs.kerala.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/List-of-Modern-medicine-Institutions-2024-25.pdf |website=Department of Health Services, Kerala |access-date=8 January 2026}}</ref>

== Services ==
Rama Rao Memorial Taluk Hospital offers general outpatient and inpatient services, maternal and child healthcare, and other medical treatments typical of taluk level hospitals in Kerala. It forms part of the public health network under the Government of Kerala.<ref>{{cite web |title=Government Taluk Hospitals |url=https://dhs.kerala.gov.in/taluk-hospitals/ |website=Department of Health Services, Kerala |access-date=8 January 2026}}</ref>

== Notability and Recognition ==
The hospital has been included in official health department listings for public healthcare institutions in Kerala. Its longstanding presence since the late 19th century reflects its sustained role in local healthcare.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.google.com/maps/place/8.833,76.697 Rama Rao Memorial Taluk Hospital on Google Maps]

[[Category:Hospitals in Kerala]]
[[Category:Kollam district]]

Krishan Kumar (Bawal politician)

2026-02-07T20:15:05Z

ShastaJfh707289: put up initial biography basic info

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
'''Krishan Kumar''' (born 1969)<ref name=":0" /> is an Indian doctor and politician from [[Haryana]]. He is a member of the Haryana Legislative Assembly from [[Bawal Assembly constituency]], which is reserved for Scheduled Caste community, in [[Rewari district]], on the Delhi Jaipur National Highway and about 15 km from the district headquarters.<ref name=":1" /> He won the [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]], representing the Bharatiya Janata Party.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Haryana election results 2024: Seat wise full list of winners |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/haryana-elections-2024-results-full-list-of-winners-for-the-states-90-assembly-constituencies-12837667.html |access-date=2024-10-24 |website=www.moneycontrol.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bawal (SC) Assembly Election Results 2024: Bawal (SC) Election Candidates List, Election Date, Vote Share - IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/haryana/bawal-sc-constituency-result-7072 |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Krishan Kumar is from [[Kosli]] tehsil, Rewari district, Haryana. He is the son of Shri Munni Lal. He is an E.N.T. specialist. He completed his Master of Surgery (Ear, Nose and Throat) in 2004 at a college affiliated with (PGI) [[Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences]], [[Rohtak]], Haryana.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Krishan Kumar(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- BAWAL (SC)(REWARI) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://myneta.info/Haryana2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=274 |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=myneta.info}}</ref> He served as a Chief Medical Officer from 1993 in many districts and as a Civil Surgeon in Rewari. He was in the state government's medical service as a Director (Health Services) in 2025 when he took voluntary retirement a day before he was nominated by the BJP and entered politics as a greenhorn.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=At industrial town Bawal, its a direct contest between veteran & greenhorn |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/at-industrial-town-bawal-its-a-direct-contest-between-veteran-greenhorn/ |access-date=2025-07-04 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref> His brother in law, [[Harinder Singh (Haryana politician)|Harinder Singh]], who also took voluntary retirement form government service, won from Hodal (Palwal), also on the BJP ticket.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jija-sala make it to House in debut poll |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/jija-sala-make-it-to-house-in-debut-poll/ |access-date=2025-07-04 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
Kumar is a first time MLA winning the Bawal Assembly constituency representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in the 2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election.<ref name="A look at Haryana’s 40 first-time MLAs">{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/haryana-first-time-mlas-9702131/|title=A look at Haryana’s 40 first-time MLAs|date=2 December 2024|accessdate=4 July 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250704171938/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/haryana-first-time-mlas-9702131/|archivedate=4 July 2025|publisher=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> He polled 86,858 votes<ref>{{cite web|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/ConstituencywiseS0772.htm|title= Bye Election to Assembly Constituencies: Results June-2025 |date=23 June 2025|website=Election Commission of India}}</ref> and defeated his nearest rival, ML Ranga of the [[Indian National Congress]], by a margin of 20,011 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Bawal FINAL Election Result 2024: Dr Krishan Kumar of BJP Wins by... |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/bawal-final-election-result-2024-9079509.html |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Live Bawal Election Results {{!}} Bawal Assembly Election Results 2024 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/haryana-assembly-election-results-2024/bawal |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Haryana Assembly Election Results 2024 - Bawal">{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |date=8 October 2024 |title=Haryana Assembly Election Results 2024 - Bawal |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-S0772.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106062832/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-S0772.htm |archive-date=6 November 2024 |access-date=6 November 2024}}</ref> He is known as a loyalist of union minister Rao Inderjit Singh, and was given the ticket by the BJP ahead of two-time MLA and former minister in Saini government, Banwari Lal.<ref name="A look at Haryana’s 40 first-time MLAs" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Krishan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Haryana]]
[[Category:Haryana MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:People from Rewari district]]

List of Lingayats

2026-02-07T12:37:06Z

ShastaJfh707289: corrected details to improve readability and added references

{{Short description|none}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=November 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
|group=[[Lingayatism|Lingayats]]
|regions = {{flag|India}} {{center|{{small|Other significant population centers:}}}}
{{hlist|{{flag|United States}}|{{flag|United Kingdom}}|{{flag|Australia}}}}
| langs ={{hlist|[[Kannada]] | [[Marathi language|Marathi]] | [[Telugu language|Telugu]] | [[Konkani language|Konkani]] | || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] | [[Malayalam]] }}
| rels = Lingayat([[Lingayatism]])
| related ={{hlist| | [[Dravidian people|Dravidian]]}}
}}

[[Lingayats]], also known as [[Veerashaiva]] {{IPAc-en|ˈ|v|ɪər|ə|ʃ|aɪ|v|ə}}, are a community in [[India]] who adhere to [[Lingayatism]], a religious sect of [[Shaivism]] within [[Hindu denominations|Hinduism]]. This is a list of notable Lingayats:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.veerashaiva.info/literature/society/prominent-figures.html |title=Prominent Figures – Veerashaiva.info |access-date=2010-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005091307/http://www.veerashaiva.info/literature/society/prominent-figures.html |archive-date=2011-10-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=R84n-Wv1S-8C Community dominance and political modernisation: the Lingayats]</ref><ref>[http://www.virashaiva.com/prominent-lingayat-figures/ Prominent Lingayat Figures]</ref>

==Saints==

* [[Akka Mahadevi]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.virashaiva.com/prominent-lingayat-figures/ | title=Prominent Lingayat Figures | publisher=virashaiva.com | accessdate=18 November 2015}}</ref>
* [[Allama Prabhu]]<ref>[http://lingayatreligion.com/Sharanaru/Sharanaru.htm Sharanas]</ref>
* [[Basava]]<ref>[http://www.freeindia.org/biographies/sages/basaveshwara/page1.htmWho is Basavanna?]</ref>
* [[Channabasavanna]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://lingayatreligion.com/Sharanaru/Channabasavanna.htm | title=Channabasavanna | publisher=lingayatreligion.com | accessdate=18 November 2015}}</ref>
* [[Ambigara Chowdaiya]]
* [[Devar Dasimayya]]<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/devar-dasimayya-jayanti-utsav-celebrated/article7031984.ece | title='Devar Dasimayya Jayanti Utsav' celebrated | work=The Hindu | date=25 March 2015 | accessdate=18 November 2015| last1=Patil | first1=Vijaykumar }}</ref>
* [[Madivala Machideva]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://lingayatreligion.com/Sharanaru/Madivala_Machideva.htm | title=Madivala Machideva - Lingayat Religion | publisher=lingayatreligion.com | accessdate=18 November 2015}}</ref>
* [[Siddheshwar]] – of Solapur, [[Maharashtra]]
* [[Viswabandhu Marulasiddha]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://travel.goudar.com/2011/05/ujjaini-marulasiddeshwara-temple.html | title=Ujjini Marulasiddeshwara Temple | publisher=Goudar.com | accessdate=18 November 2015}}</ref>
* [[Sharane Sri Danamma Devi]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/movies/sri-danamma-devi/story.html | title=Story of Danamma Devi | publisher=Filmibeat | accessdate=18 November 2015}}</ref> – of Guddapura, Maharashtra
* [[Sarvajna]]


==Historical rulers==

* [[Kittur Chennamma]](1778–1829)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/154400/lingayats-asked-work-progress-all.html | title=Lingayats asked to work for progress of all groups | work=The Hindu | date=17 April 2011 | accessdate=18 November 2015}}</ref> – queen of the princely state of [[Kitturu]], [[Karnataka]]; fought against [[Doctrine of lapse]]
* [[Belawadi Mallamma]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/article340629.ece?service=print | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118185830/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/article340629.ece?service=print | url-status=dead | archive-date=18 November 2015 | title=Power not permanent: Yeddyurappa | publisher=The New Indian Express | accessdate=18 November 2015}}</ref>
* [[Haleri|Haleri Kings]] –<ref name="deccanherald1">[http://www.deccanherald.com/content/20079/on-haleri-trail.html On the Haleri Trail - Deccan Herald]</ref> of [[Madikeri]]
* [[Linga Rajendra II]] – Haleri king of Kodagu
* [[Chikka Virarajendra]] –<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.kodagufirst.in/?tag=lingayat-rajhas | title=The Lingayat Rajas | date=2 September 2011 | publisher=Kodagu First | accessdate=18 November 2015}}</ref> last ruler of [[Madikeri]]
* [[Keladi Nayaka|Keladi Nayaka Kingdom]]<ref name="Mittal Publications">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R84n-Wv1S-8C&q=keladi+nayaka+veerashaiva&pg=PA396 | title=Keladi Nayakas - Shivappa Nayaka and Chennamma, Community Dominance and Political Modernisation: The Lingayats | publisher=Shankaragouda Hanumanthagouda Patil | work=Mittal Publications | year=2002 | isbn=9788170998679 | accessdate=22 May 2015}}</ref>
* [[Keladi Chennamma]]<ref name="Mittal Publications"/>
* [[Shivappa Nayaka]]<ref name="Mittal Publications"/>
* [[Hande Hanumappa Nayaka]]- Savior of Vijayanagara empire and first Hande ruler of Ballari
* Kenchana Gouda- After whom Kenchanagudda got its name


==Philanthropists==

* [[Shivakumara Swamiji]] – head of [[Siddaganga Matha]]; [[Padma Bhushan]] awardee<ref name="List of Prominent Lingayats">
[http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/people/lingayats/prominent_lingayats.htm List of Prominent Lingayats]</ref>
* [[Gubbi Thotadappa]] - founder of famous Thotadappa hostel.


==Education, science and technology==

* [[D. C. Pavate]] - Vice chancellor of Karnataka University, Dharawada, Padmabhushan awardee.
* Dr. [[Gudleppa Hallikeri|DG Hallikeri]] – freedom fighter and educationist
* [[A. S. Adke]] – former vice-chancellor of [[Karnataka University]] and former Principal of [[Karnataka Regional Engineering College]], [[Surathkal]]
* [[M. Mahadevappa]] – [[Agricultural science|agricultural scientist]] and [[Plant breeding|plant breeder]]; [[Padma Bhushan]] awardee
* [[Murugappa Channaveerappa Modi|Dr. MC Modi]] – eye surgeon and [[Padma Bhushan]] awardee<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/dec202005/spectrum1291520051219.asp |title=Man with a vision |access-date=2012-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212072444/http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/dec202005/spectrum1291520051219.asp |archive-date=2012-02-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[S. G. Balekundri]] – [[irrigation]] expert and architect of [[Upper Krishna Project|Alamatti Dam]]<ref>[https://kannada.oneindia.com/literature/people/2010/0511-sg-balekundri-irrigation-expert-engineer.html Second Visveswarayya]</ref>
* [[Y. G. Parameshwara]] – first Indian blind doctor
* [[A.N. Prabhu Deva]] – former vice-chancellor of [[Bangalore University]]
* [[S. J. Nagalotimath]] – medical writer
* [[A. S. Kiran Kumar]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.namasthetelangaana.com/TelanganaNews-in-Telugu/lingayat-veerashaiva-compound-1-2-495832.html | title=A S Kiran Kumar felecitation - awarded ''Veerashaiva Vaijnyanika Ratna'' | publisher=Namaste Telangana | accessdate=30 November 2015}}</ref> – Chairman of [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO), Secretary, [[Department of Space]], Chairman of Space Commission and [[Padma Shri]] awardee


==Literature==

* [[Sarvajna]] – [[Kannada]] poet
* [[Chamarasa]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.dli.gov.in/data/upload/0041/644/TXT/00000078.txt | title=Chamarasa | accessdate=18 November 2015}}</ref> – author of ''[[Prabhulingaleele]]''
* [[Harihara (poet)|Harihara]] – known as Ragaleya Kavi
* [[Palkuriki Somanatha]]<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YCJrUfVtZxoC&pg=PA39 | title=A Dictionary of Indian Literature: Beginnings-1850 - Palkuriki Somanatha | accessdate=18 November 2015 | author=Sujit Mukherjee| year=1998 | publisher=Orient Blackswan | isbn=9788125014539 }}</ref> – [[Telugu people|Telugu]] poet, author of [[Basava purana]]
*[[Nijaguna Shivayogi]] – 15th-century Kannada poet
* [[Hardekar Manjappa]] – known as Gandhi of Karnataka<ref>[http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/people/lingayats/prominent_lingayats.htm Hardekar Manjappa]</ref>
* [[Phakirappa Gurubasappa Halakatti]] – Kannada writer
* [[G. S. Shivarudrappa]] – Poet and critic, Rashtra Kavi
* [[Chennaveera Kanavi]] – poet and critic
* [[Panchakshari Hiremath]] – writer and poet, short story writer, essayist, critic, translator, orator, editor, who writes in [[Kannada]], [[Urdu]] and [[Hindi]]
*[[P. Lankesh]] – writer and journalist, writing in the Kannada language
* [[Jayadevi Taayi Ligade]] – writer; first lady president of akhila Bharatha Kannada saahitya sammelana
* [[M. M. Kalburgi]] – [[Kannada]] scholar, Researcher, Vice Chancellor or Hampi Kannada University
* [[H.S. Shivaprakash]]- Poet, Playwright
* [[L. Basavaraju]] – Kannada eminent scholar and writer of several books on Sharana Sahitya
* [[Sangamesh Saundattimath]] – Dravidian linguist
* [[M. Chidananda Murthy]] – Kannada writer, [[researcher]] and [[historian]]
* [[Channappa Uttangi]] – interfaith pioneer and writer
* [[K. Marulasiddappa]] – Kannada writer
* [[Chandrashekhar Patil]] – Kannada poet and playwright
* [[Patil Puttappa]] – Kannada writer and former [[member of parliament]], [[Rajya Sabha]]
* [[Manu Baligar]] – former bureaucrat, and current president of [[Kannada Sahitya Parishat]]


==Art and music==

* [[Ganayogi Panchakshara Gawai|Pandit Ganayogi Panchakshara Gawai]] – Hindustani and classical musician
* [[Basavaraj Rajguru]] – classical vocalist, [[Padma Bhushan]] awardee
* [[Mallikarjun Mansur]] – Hindustani vocalist, [[Padma Vibhushan]], [[Kalidas Samman]] awardee
*[[Rajshekhar Mansur]]-Hindustani vocalist
* [[Kumar Gandharva]] – Hindustani vocalist, Padma Vibhushan, [[Kalidas Samman]] awardee
* [[Pandit Puttaraj Gawai]] – Hindustani and classical musician, [[Padma Bhushan]], [[Kalidas Samman]] awardee
* [[Mukul Shivputra]] – [[Hindustani classical music]] [[vocalist]] and son of [[Kumar Gandharva]]
* [[Balappa Hukkeri]] – [[Kannada]] folk singer
* [[Rajashekhar Mansur]] – classical vocalist
* [[Gubbi Veeranna]] – [[theatre director]], known as 'father of [[Cinema of Karnataka|Kannada film industry]]'
*[[B. Jayashree]] - [[theatre director|theatre]]
* [[Ranjani Shettar]] – artist and sculpurist
* [[Vyjayanthi Kashi]] – artist and [[Kuchipudi]] dancer
* [[Prateeksha Kashi]] – kuchipudi dancer


==Politics==


=== Chief Ministers ===

{| class="wikitable plainlinks" border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=4
|-
! Photo
! Name
!State
|-
|[[File:Siddavanahalli Nijalingappa stamp (cropped).jpg|75px]]
|[[S. Nijalingappa]]
|rowspan="9"|[[List of chief ministers of Karnataka|Karnataka]]
|-
|[[File:B.D Jatti (cropped).png|75px]]
|[[B. D. Jatti]]
|-
|
|[[S. R. Kanthi]]
|-
|
|[[Veerendra Patil]]
|-
|[[File:Somappa Rayappa Bommai 132.jpg|75px]]
|[[S. R. Bommai]]
|-
|
|[[J. H. Patel]]
|-
|[[File:The Chief Minister of Karnataka, Shri B.S. Yediyurappa meeting with the Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission, Dr. Montek Singh Ahluwalia to finalize annual plan 2008-09 of the State, in New Delhi on August 12, 2008 (1) (cropped).jpg|75px]]
|[[B. S. Yediyurappa]]
|-
|[[File:Jagadish Shettar.jpg|75px]]
|[[Jagadish Shettar]]
|-
|[[File:Bommai at the inauguration of Metroline (cropped).jpg|75px]]
|[[Basavaraj Bommai]]
|}

=== Other politicians ===

*[[Shivraj Patil]] – [[Home Minister of India]] 2004–2008, [[Speaker of Lok Sabha]] 1991–1996, [[Minister of Defence]] 1980–1989, [[Governor of Punjab (India)|Governor of Punjab]] 2010–2015, [[Governor of Rajasthan]] 2010-2012<ref name="Virasaiva">{{cite web | url=http://www.virashaiva.com/prominent-lingayat-figures/ | title=Prominent Lingayat Figures | publisher=Virasaiva.com | accessdate=17 November 2015}}</ref>
* [[K. P. Puttanna Chetty]] – First President of Bangalore Municipality
* [[M. S. Gurupadaswamy]] – [[Leader of the House (Rajya Sabha)|Leader of House of Rajya Sabha]] 1989–1990, [[Leader of the Opposition (India)#List of Leaders of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha|Leader of Opposition in the Rajya Sabha]] 1971–1972, [[Minister of Agriculture (India)|Minister of Agriculture]]<ref name=bio2>{{cite web |url= http://www.in.com/m-s-gurupadaswamy/biography-1957625.html|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150328035648/http://www.in.com/m-s-gurupadaswamy/biography-1957625.html|url-status= dead|archive-date= 28 March 2015|title= M. S. Gurupadaswamy biography|publisher= [[In.com]]|accessdate=4 April 2013}}</ref>
* [[Laxman Savadi]] – former Deputy Chief Minister, former Minister for Transport and Minister for [[Co-operation]], Government of Karnataka
* [[J. C. Madhu Swamy]] - ex Minister for Law and Parliamentary Affairs, and Minor Irrigation, [[Government of Karnataka]]
* [[B. C. Patil]] - ex Minister for Agriculture, [[Government of Karnataka]]
* [[V. Somanna]] - ex Minister for Housing, [[Government of Karnataka]]
* [[C. C. Patil]] – ex [[Minister (government)|Minister]] for Public Works Department, former [[Minister (government)|Minister]] for Mines and Geology, [[Government of Karnataka]]<ref name="Virasaiva"/>
* [[Shashikala Annasaheb Jolle]] – ex Minister for Women and Child development, Senior Citizen and differently abled Empowerment, [[Government of Karnataka]] and [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]], [[Nippani]]
* [[Eshwara Bhimanna Khandre]] – [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]] and former Minister, [[Government of Karnataka]]
* [[K. S. Nagarathanamma]] - former Speaker and Leader of opposition of [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]], and minister for Health and family welfare.<ref>[https://vijaykarnataka.indiatimes.com/district/chamarajnagara/-/articleshow/57522787.cms First Woman Speaker of Karnataka - K. S. Nagarathnamma]</ref>
* [[S. Mallikarjunaiah]] – former MP [[Tumkur]] and [[Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha]] (1991–1996)<ref name="Virasaiva"/>
* [[M.P. Prakash]] – Congress Leader and former deputy chief minister of [[Karnataka]]<ref name="Virasaiva"/>
* [[M. B. Patil]] – former Minister for [[Water Resources]], [[Government of Karnataka]]
* [[Suresh Angadi]] – Minister of State for Railways, Government of India
* [[Suresh Shetkar]] – former MP of [[Zahirabad (Lok Sabha constituency)]], [[Telangana]]
* [[Gudleppa Hallikeri]] – freedom fighter and former chairman of Legislative Council,
* [[M. V. Rajasekharan]] – former [[Minister of State]] in the Ministry of Planning, [[Government of India]]
* [[H.Siddhaveerappa]] – former minister for Home, Industries and Health, Leader of opposition, [[Government of Karnataka]]
* [[Murugesh Nirani]] – former [[Minister (government)|Minister]] for [[Heavy Industry]], Government of Karnataka
* [[S. S. Mallikarjun]] – [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]], [[Karnataka]] and Minister for Horticulture, Mines & Geology, Government of Karnataka
* [[S. A. Ravindranath]] – former minister for [[Horticulture]] and [[Sugar]], government of Karnataka
* [[Gowdar Mallikarjunappa Siddeswara]] – Union [[Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises (India)|Minister of State for Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises]]
* [[Basavarajeshwari|Smt.Basavarajeswari]] – three time MP from [[Bellary]] and former [[Ministry of Women and Child Development (India)|Union Minister of India]]<ref name="Virasaiva"/>
* [[Siddappa Kambli]] – politician, freedom fighter and contributor for [[Unification of Karnataka]]
* [[Ratnappa Kumbhar]] – former MP, MLC and Minister of Home, Food and Civil Supplies in [[Maharashtra]] Government<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kolhapur.nic.in/Htmldocs/rkumbhar.htm |title=Ratnappanna Kumbhar |accessdate=2010-05-31 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721175628/http://kolhapur.nic.in/Htmldocs/rkumbhar.htm |archivedate=2011-07-21 }}</ref>
* [[Babagouda Patil]] – BJP Leader, former MP and Union Minister of Rural Areas & Employment<ref name="Virasaiva"/>
* [[Basangouda Patil]] – former Union minister of state for [[Railways]] and [[Textiles]]<ref name="Virasaiva"/>
* Dr [[Neeraj Patil]] – former mayor of [[Lambeth]], [[London]]
* [[Vatal Nagaraj]] – former [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]] and founder leader of [[Kannada Chalavali Vatal Paksha]]
* [[B. Y. Raghavendra]] – MP [[Shimoga]]; son of CM [[B. S. Yeddyurappa]]
* [[M. P. Renukacharya]] – [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]] and former Minister for [[Excise]], [[Government of Karnataka]]
* [[D. C. Srikantappa]] – former three time MP from [[Chikmagalur]]
* [[Basavaraj Patil Sedam]] – former member of [[Lok Sabha]] and [[Rajya Sabha]]
* [[M. Rajasekara Murthy]] – former [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways|Union minister for Surface Transport]], MP, [[Lok Sabha]] and [[Rajya Sabha]], and former minister for [[Finance]], [[Revenue]], [[Excise]] and [[Commerce]] and [[Industrial sector|Industry]], Karnataka<ref name="Virasaiva"/>
* [[Dilip Gangadhar Sopal]] – former [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]], [[Barshi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Barshi, Solapur]], and former minister for [[Law]] and [[Judiciary]], and [[Water supply]] and [[Sanitation]], [[Government of Maharashtra]]
* [[Shashil G. Namoshi]] – former [[Member of Legislative Council]], [[Karnataka]]
*[[Basavaraj Patil Attur]] – former minister for Higher Education, Small Scale Industries, and Minor Irrigation
* [[Anant Gudhe]] – former [[member of parliament]], [[Amravati]]
* [[Chandrakant Khaire]] – former member of parliament, [[Aurangabad (Maharashtra Lok Sabha constituency)|Aurangabad]]
* [[Shamanuru Shivashankarappa]] – [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA, Davanagere South]], former Minister for [[Horticulture]] and [[Agricultural produce market committee|Agro Marketing]], [[Government of Karnataka]]<ref name="Virasaiva"/> and President, Akhila Bharatha Veerashaiva Mahasabha
* [[H. K. Patil]] – former Minister for [[Rural Development]] and [[Panchayat Raj]], Government of Karnataka<ref>[http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/cong-balances-caste-equation-in-first-list/1098470/ H. K. Patil]</ref><ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/the-importance-of-being-patil/article4655921.ece The importance of being Patil]</ref>
* [[Sharan Prakash Patil]] – former Minister for [[Medical Education]], Government of Karnataka
* [[S. R. Patil]] – former Minister for [[Infrastructure]], [[Information Technology]], [[Biotechnology]], [[Science]] and [[Technology]], [[Planning]] and [[Statistics]], Government of Karnataka
* [[H. S. Mahadeva Prasad]] – former Minister for [[Co-operation]], Government of Karnataka
* [[Prakash Babanna Hukkeri]] – [[Member of Parliament]], [[Chikkodi]] and former Minister for [[Sugar]], Small Scale Industries and [[Land reclamation|Endowments]], Government of Karnataka
* [[Bhagwanth Khuba]] – [[Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers|Minister of State for Chemicals and Fertilizers]], [[Ministry of New and Renewable Energy|New and Renewable Energy]] [[Government of India|of India]] and [[member of parliament]], [[Bidar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bidar]]
* [[P. C. Gaddigoudar]] – [[Member of Parliament]], [[Bagalkot]]<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/bagalkot-registers-5793-per-cent-polling/article273156.ece | title=Bagalkot registers 57.93 per cent polling | work=The Hindu | date=May 2009 | accessdate=17 November 2015}}</ref>
* [[Karadi Sanganna Amarappa]] – [[Member of Parliament]], [[Koppal (Lok Sabha constituency)]]<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/the-bastion-of-lingayats/article2451439.ece | title=The bastion of Lingayats | work=The Hindu | date=14 September 2011 | accessdate=17 November 2015| last1=Rao | first1=D. k Kishan }}</ref>
* [[B. Jayashree]] – artist and former member of [[Rajya Sabha]], [[Padma Shri]] awardee<ref>{{cite web | url=http://tumkurinfo.net/index.php/art-culture-a-sports/498-gubbi-veeranna | title=B. Jayashree | publisher=Tumkurinfo | accessdate=17 November 2015 | archive-date=18 November 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118024053/http://tumkurinfo.net/index.php/art-culture-a-sports/498-gubbi-veeranna | url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[Annasaheb Jolle]] - [[Member of Parliament]], [[Chikkodi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chikkodi]].
* [[B B Patil]] – [[Member of Parliament]], [[Zahirabad (Lok Sabha constituency)]], [[Telangana]]<ref>[http://www.primepost.in/basaveswara-statue-tank-bund/ Separate Bhavan in Hyd–Lingayats urge CM]</ref>
* [[Satish Hiremath]] – former [[mayor]] of [[Oro Valley, Arizona]], [[United States of America]]
* [[Manjunath Kunnur]] – former MP, [[Dharwad South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dharwad South]]
* [[Basavraj Madhavrao Patil]] – [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]], [[Ausa (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ausa, Latur]], and former Minister for Rural Development, [[Government of Maharashtra]]
* [[Siddharam Satlingappa Mhetre]] – [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]], [[Akkalkot (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Akkalkot, Solapur]], and former Minister for Home and Rural Development, [[Government of Maharashtra]]
* [[Karne Prabhakar]] – [[Member of Legislative Council|MLC]], [[Telangana]], and Spokesperson of [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi|BRS]]<ref>[https://www.deccanchronicle.com/141226/nation-politics/article/queues-say-sop-story-hyderabad Queues say a sop story in Hyderabad]</ref>
* [[Vijay Deshmukh]] – former Minister of state for PWD, Transport, Labour and Textiles, [[Government of Maharashtra]], and MLA, [[Solapur|Solapur North]]<ref>{{cite news | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolhapur/3-Western-Maharashtra-leaders-make-it-to-Fadnavis-cabinet/articleshow/45391675.cms | title=3 Western Maharashtra leaders make it to Fadnavis cabinet | website=[[The Times of India]] | date=6 December 2014 | accessdate=11 November 2015}}</ref>
* [[Vinay Kulkarni]] – former Minister for [[Mining|Mines]] and [[Geology]], Government of Karnataka, and [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]], [[Dharwad]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.newskarnataka.com/bangalore/four-new-ministers-sworn-in-to-cm-siddaramaiahs-cabinet | title=Four more Ministers sworn in Karnataka - Vinay Kulkarni | publisher=News Karnataka | accessdate=17 November 2015}}</ref>
* [[Ganesh Hukkeri]] – [[Member of Legislative Assembly]], [[Chikkodi]]
* [[Lakshmi Hebbalkar]] – [[Member of Legislative Assembly]] and former president, [[Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee]] women's wing
* [[B. Y. Vijayendra]] - president of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] Karnataka state unit
*[[Rahul Siddhvinayak Bondre]] - [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]], [[Maharashtra]]
*[[Prabha Mallikarjun]] - [[Member of Parliament]], [[Davanagere Lok Sabha constituency]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://newskarnataka.com/karnataka/davanagere/dr-prabha-mallikarjun-of-congress-wins-davanagere-seat-by-600000-votes/05062024/ | title=Dr. Prabha Mallikarjun of Congress Wins Davanagere Seat by 600000 Votes – News Karnataka | publisher=News Karnataka | accessdate=5 June 2024}}</ref>
*[[Sagar Khandre]] - [[Member of Parliament]], [[Bidar Lok Sabha constituency]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://newskarnataka.com/karnataka/bidar/young-congress-candidate-sagar-khandre-clinches-bidar-seat/05062024/ | title=Congress candidate Sagar Khandre clinches Bidar seat | publisher=News Karnataka | accessdate=5 June 2024}}</ref>
*[[Chandrashekhar S. Patil]] - [[Member of the Legislative Assembly]], [[Kamalapur, Karnataka Assembly constituency]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://newskarnataka.com/karnataka/bidar/young-congress-candidate-sagar-khandre-clinches-bidar-seat/05062024/ | title=Book on Chandrashekhar Patil - Karnataka Legislature | publisher=Karnataka Legislative Assembly | accessdate=1 January 2019}}</ref>


==Business==

* [[Baba Kalyani]] - Founder and Chairman of Kalyani Group
* [[Gowdar Mallikarjunappa Siddeswara]] – MP and head of GM group<ref>[http://www.gmgroup.in/ Gm Group's]</ref>
* [[Ashok Kheny]] – head of Nandi Infrastructure Corridor Project (NICE)
* [[Prabhakar Kore|Prabhakar B. Kore]] – [[Karnatak Lingayat Education Society]] (largest education society in the state), chairman, MP and former minister
* [[Murugesh Nirani]] – of Nirani Group
* [[Shamanuru Shivashankarappa]] – of [[Bapuji Educational Association]]
* [[Vijay Sankeshwar]] – Chairman of [[VRL Group]]


==Media and entertainment==

* [[M. P. Shankar]] – veteran Kannada film actor and director
* [[Doddanna]] – veteran Kannada actor
* [[Manjula (Kannada actress)|Manjula]] – actress
* [[B.C. Patil]] – Kannada actor
* [[Prabhu deva]] – Indian actor, known as the Indian Michael Jackson
* [[Mugur Sundar]] – Indian director
* [[Raju Sundaram]] – [[Tamil people|Tamil]] actor
* [[Nagendra Prasad]] – actor
* [[Gubbi Veeranna]] – [[theatre director]]
* [[B. C. Gowrishankar]] – choreographer
* [[K. M. Chaitanya]] – director
* [[Sharath Lohitashwa]] – actor
* [[Lohithaswa]] – actor and writer
* [[Kavitha Lankesh]] – writer and director
* [[Gauri Lankesh]] - journalist
* [[Vedhika Kumar]] – actress and model
* [[Chindodi Leela]] – actress and dramatist, [[Padmashri]] awardee
* [[Indrajit Lankesh]] – director
* [[Preetham Gubbi]] – director
* [[Dilip (Tamil actor)|Dilip]] – South Indian actor
* [[Girija Shettar]] – actress
* [[Chetan Kumar]] – actor
* [[Shashank (director)|Shashank]] – Kannada director
* [[Uma Shivakumar]] – actress
* [[Vaijanath Biradar]] – comedy actor
* [[P. Neelakantan]] – Tamil director
* [[Sunil Nagappa]] – actor
* [[Sanchari Vijay]] – actor, winner of [[Best actor]] award in [[62nd National Film Awards]]
* [[Anoop Seelin]] – music director
* [[Dhananjay (actor)|Dhananjay]] – Kannada actor
* [[Naga Kiran]] – Kannada actor
* [[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore Kumar]] – South Indian actor
* [[Sumanth Shailendra]] – Kannada actor
* [[Pushkara Mallikarjunaiah]] - Kannada Producer
* [[Aditi Prabhudeva]] - Kannada actress
*[[Chitkala Biradar]] - actress


==Sports==

* [[Prarthana Thombare]] – Indian tennis player
* [[Nanjangud Shivananju Manju]] – Indian footballer
* [[Laxmikant Kattimani]] – Indian footballer
* [[Gagan Ullalmath]] – Indian swimmer
* [[Manju Nadgoda]] – Indian cricketer
* [[Sujith Somasunder]] – Indian cricketer
* [[Satish Kumar]] – Indian taekwondo player
* [[Deepak Chougule]] – Indian cricketer
* [[Harishchandra Birajdar]] – [[wrestler]] and first Hind Kesari from Maharashtra, Commonwealth Games gold medallist, [[Dhyanchand Award]] recipient
* [[Yere Goud]] – Indian cricketer
* [[Kruthik Hanagavadi]] - Indian Cricketer
* [[Shreyanka Patil]] - Indian woman Cricketer
* [[Aditi Ashok]] - Indian golfer


==Military and police==

* [[S. M. Shrinagesh|General Satyawant Mallanna Shrinagesh]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.udayavani.com/kannada/news/rajangana/128710/palella-political-leaders-military-leaders-and-the-fame | title=S. M. Shrinagesh | publisher=Udayavaani | accessdate=20 January 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122212337/http://www.udayavani.com/kannada/news/rajangana/128710/palella-political-leaders-military-leaders-and-the-fame | archive-date=22 January 2016 | url-status=dead }}</ref> – 3rd [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of Army Staff - Indian Army]], and former governor of [[Assam]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Mysore state]]
* [[Lieutenant General]] [[B. S. Raju]], [[Uttam Yudh Seva Medal|UYSM]], [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal|AVSM]], [[Yudh Seva Medal|YSM]] – [[Vice Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Vice Chief of the Army Staff of Indian Army]], former [[List of military operations of India|Director General of Military Operations]]
* [[Lieutenant General]] [[M. V. Suchindra Kumar]], PVSM, AVSM, YSM & bar, VSM is a serving general officer – Vice Chief of [[Indian Army]]
* [[Lieutenant General]] [[Ramesh Halagali]], AVSM, SM – former Deputy Chief of [[Indian Army]]
* [[Magod Basappa Ravindranath|Col M. B. Ravindranath]] [[Vir Chakra|VrC]] - Indian Army Officer and Vir Chakra Awardee
* [[Shankar Bidari]], [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] – former [[Director general of police]], [[Karnataka]] and [[Bangalore City Police|Commissioner of Police]] of [[Bangalore]] city
* [[L. Revanasiddaiah]], [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] – former additional director, [[Central Bureau of Investigation]], [[Director general of police|DGP]], [[Karnataka]] and [[Bangalore City Police|Commissioner of Police]] of [[Bangalore]] city
* [[B. G. Jyothi Prakash Mirji]], [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] – former [[Bangalore City Police|Commissioner of Police]] of [[Bangalore]] city
* [[Veeranna Aivalli]], [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] – former chairman of Aviation Security Audit Programme, [[International Civil Aviation Organization]], [[United Nations]]<ref name="List of Prominent Lingayats"/>
* [[Mallikarjun Bande]] – slain Indian Police Sub-Inspector
* [[Hanumanthappa Koppad|Lance Naik Hanumanthappa Koppad]] – Indian soldier
* [[V. C. Sajjanar]], [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thehansindia.com/news/cities/hyderabad/students-exhorted-to-keep-off-social-media-546697 | title=Students exhorted to keep off social media | publisher=Hans News Service | accessdate=14 July 2019}}</ref> - [[Telangana]] Police officer known as an Encounter Specialist


==Law and judiciary==

* [[V. S. Malimath]] – former Chief Justice of [[Kerala]] and Karnataka
* [[Pramila Nesargi]] – advocate, politician and activist
* [[Mohan Shantanagoudar]] – Former Judge of the [[Supreme court of India]] and former Chief Justice of [[Kerala High Court]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Supreme Court Judge Justice Mohan M Shantanagoudar Dies At 62|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/supreme-court-judge-justice-mohan-m-shantanagoudar-dies-at-gurgaon-hospital-2421297|work=[[NDTV]]|date=25 April 2021 |accessdate=30 June 2021}}</ref>
* [[S. R. Bannurmath]] - former Chief Justice of [[Kerala]]
* [[Ravi Malimath]] - current Chief Justice of [[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]


==Others==

* [[M. D. Nanjundaswamy]] – farmer leader and activist
* [[Subhash Mendhapurkar]] – social activist, [[Himachal Pradesh]]
* [[S. R. Hiremath]] – Indian environmental activist, [[Karnataka]]


==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=R84n-Wv1S-8C Community dominance and political modernisation: the Lingayats], Shankaragouda Hanamantagouda Patil, {{ISBN|9788170998679}}
* [http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/people/lingayats/prominent_lingayats.htm List of Prominent Lingayats]
* [http://lingayatreligion.com Lingayat Religion]
* [https://sites.google.com/site/lingayatsite/ Welcome to Lingayat Religion]
* [http://basavadivinecenter.org/home.html Basava Divine Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120131172320/http://basavadivinecenter.org/home.html |date=31 January 2012 }}

{{Lingayatism topics}}

[[Category:Lingayatism|*]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian people by community|Lingayats]]
[[Category:Hindu communities]]

Bisu Parba

2026-02-06T06:58:17Z

ShastaJfh707289: quick fix

{{short description|Indian festival}}
{{see also|Indian New Year's days}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox holiday
|holiday_name = Bisu Parba
|type = Hindu
|longtype = Religious, Social
|image =File:Bisu Kani.jpg
|caption = Bisu Kani at Puttur
|official_name = Bisu Parba
|observedby = Tuluvas
|duration = 1 day
|begins = dawn
|ends = after 24 hours
|date2025 = Mon, 14 April
|date2026 = Wed, 15 April
|observances = Bisu kani Bisu Parbo
|relatedto = [[South and Southeast Asian solar New Year]]
}}

'''Bisu Parba''' is a new year and harvest festival of [[Tulunadu]]. It marks the first day of Paggu, which is the first month of [[Tulu calendar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Souramaana Yugaadi, Bisu Parba, Vishu and Tamil New Year |url=https://www.raveeshkumar.com/2009/04/april14-bisu-vishu-tamil-newyear.html| publisher=Raveesh Kumar | date=13 April 2009 | access-date=10 August 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=April 14, 2009 |title=Mangalore: Bisu Parba, Solar New Year, was celebrated with traditional gaiety |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/Mangalore-Bisu-Parba-Solar-New-Year-was-celebrated-with-traditional-gaiety/articleshow/4401545.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=14 March 2020 }}</ref> It falls in the middle of April in the [[Gregorian calendar]], on 14 or 15 April every year.

== Background ==
For residents of Tulunadu, this is a significant annual festival. It is a kind of worshipping nature. According to popular belief, today is lucky for starting new ventures. The people of Tulunadu celebrate the Bisu festival as a symbol of prosperity from the past year and hope to prosper throughout the upcoming year. This festival is known as "Bisu Parba" in Tulunadu.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bisu Parba celebrated with traditional pomp, gaiety |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/670458/bisu-parba-celebrated-traditional-pomp.html |website=Deccan Herald |access-date=14 March 2020 |date=14 April 2018}}</ref>

== Celebration ==
[[File:Bisu Kani in Tulunadu Coastal Karnataka (46).jpg|thumb|left|Suthye Dipuna]]Get up early in the morning on the day of the feast and put it on the bed in the chamber of God or in the hall. Light the foot lamp and put it in two ends, keep banana leaves and place one cup of [[rice]], two betel leaves, one semi de-husked coconut with {{Transliteration|tcy|muganda}}, a bunch of [[Ixora coccinea]] (also known as jungle geranium Tulu: {{Transliteration|tcy|Kepula poo}}) stick of sandalwood, and wet the sandalwood. This process is called {{Transliteration|tcy|suthye dipuna}}. In front of this {{Transliteration|tcy|suthye}}, grown vegetables, flowers, hinges, fruits, gold ornaments, [[mirror]]s are also placed.

=== Blessings of the elder ===
[[File:Bisu parbo, to Prostrate and take blessing form elders.jpg|thumb|To Prostrate and take blessing from elders in front of Bisukani]]
All the householders pray together and worship God in front of the Bisu Kani. They reconcile with family members as well as strengthen relationships between seniors and juniors. The juniors receive the blessings of the elders on this occasion. Touching the feet of elders is an age-old Indian tradition that is considered to be a mark of respect as well as a blessing. This gesture can be seen in almost all Tuluva families on this occasion. The elders of the house give money to all the minors and they enjoy the feast. Every year, it is a source of good fortune. As part of the Bisu festival, special worship is held in daivaradane chavadi, temples and the sacrificial festival of God. It is common to prepare and enjoy a traditional dish for this special day. Everybody has to go to every house and enjoy the food with the blessings of the elders. The owner of the house puts the Bisu kaṇi (arrangement of fruits and vegetables) on the roof of the house.

== Bisu Kani ==
The festivals in Tulunadu highlight the farmer's life and his affinity with the land he tills.<ref>[https://www.raveeshkumar.com/2008/04/bisu-parba-soura-yugadi-mangalore.html ತುಳುವೆರೆ ಬಿಸು ಪರ್ಬ], 13 April 2008</ref> On the day of the feast, bed of wooden in the chamber of God, daiva or in the hall. Light the foot lamp and put it in two ends, banana leaves placed on floor or bed of wooden is accommodate one pot of water, one cup of rice, two betel leaves, one semi dehusked coconut(with muganda), a bunch of Ixora coccinea (also known as jungle geranium Tulu: ''Kepula poo'') stick of sandalwood, and wet the sandalwood which totally called suthye dipuna. In front of this suthye grown vegetables, flowers, hinges, fruits, gold ornaments, mirrors. tenants were taking the grown vegetables to his boss (''Tulu: Danikulu'') such as brinjal, cucumber, sambar southe, pumpkin, ivy gourd, long yard beans, bottle gourd, okra, and fruits such as [[jackfruit]], banana, cashew apple, jambu nerale, [[mango]], pineapple. [[Arecanut]] and [[coconut]], the part and parcel of local life, was also part of the Kani.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bisu Parba – traditional ceremony observed with pomp and gaiety |url=http://www.mangaloretoday.com/main/Bisu-Parba-traditional-ceremony-observed-with-pomp-and-gaiety.html |website=mangaloretoday.com |access-date=14 March 2020}}</ref>

== Bisu Parba recipe ==
[[File:ಮೂಡೆ ಕೊಟ್ಟಿಗೆ moode5.jpg|thumb|Moode]]
On the occasion of Bisu people are resting at home and preparing special food for breakfast on the day which is mostly "Moode recipe" (English: Screw Pine) which is similar to Kadubu and "Uddina dōse recipe" (lentil dosa). For lunch, [[cashew]] nut and green gram curry ({{Transliteration|tcy|bijata kajipu}}), [[cucumber]] {{Transliteration|tcy|puli kajipu}}, ivy gourd dry palya fries and Payaso is served with steamed boiled rice and other accompaniments. Prepare a Tuluva inspired brunch this "Bisu Parba" and enjoy with the members of the family.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Matt |first1=Suprabha S. |title=Celebrate Bisu Parba With Tulunadu Inspired Appealing Brunch Menu |url=https://www.archanaskitchen.com/celebrate-bisu-parba-with-tulunadu-inspired-appealing-brunch-menu |website=Archana's Kitchen |access-date=14 March 2020 }}</ref>

== Kai Bittu Padune ==
Bisu parbo is auspious day for [[Tuluvas]], so on this day morning they keep a side new paddy seeds.<ref>Tulunadina Sasya Janapada by B Shivarama Shetty PHD, Mangaluru University, 1992 P.240</ref>
In the evening sowing procedure is carried out on the chin(''Tulu:Puṇi'') of field. Put the paddy seed on the side of the [[mulch]] and shade it with [[Aporosa]] villosa (''Tulu: Saroli'') leaves. And tenants take permission for continuing the practice of planting the following year.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/guttu-mane-helps-people-relive-fervour-of-bisu-parba/articleshow/63768002.cms | title=Guttu Mane helps people relive fervour of Bisu Parba | newspaper=The Times of India | first=Jaideep | last=Shenoy | date=15 April 2018 | accessdate=10 August 2021 }}</ref>

== Related festivals ==
In adjacent [[Malabar Coast|Malabar]] region a festival called [[Vishu]] with similar customs and ritual significance that of Bisu Parba is celebrated on the same date. Spring harvest festivals such as [[Bihu]], [[Vaisakhi]], [[Puthandu]] etc. too coincides with Bisu Parba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=From Vishu To Bihu: Know The Significance of Vibrant Harvest Festivals Of India |url=https://zeenews.india.com/culture/from-vishu-to-bihu-know-the-significance-of-vibrant-harvest-festivals-of-india-2740032.html |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Keddaso]]
* [[Pattanaje]]
* Koral Parba<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adiga |first=Shrinidhi |title=A harvest festival of bountiful celebrations and bonding |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/specials/a-harvest-festival-of-bountiful-celebrations-and-bonding-2741726 |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Festivals of Tulunadu}}
{{New Year by Calendar}}

[[Category:Tulu language]]
[[Category:Religious festivals in India]]
[[Category:Culture of Tulu Nadu]]
[[Category:New Year in India]]
[[Category:New Year celebrations]]
[[Category:Tulu Nadu]]

Imagine TV

2026-01-31T03:17:35Z

ShastaJfh707289: small expanded content per standard format and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Hindi-language television channel}}
{{Other uses|Imagine (disambiguation)}}

{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}
{{Infobox television channel
| name = Imagine TV
| logo = Imagine TV.webp
| logo_size = 250px
| launch_date = {{Start date and age|2008|1|21|df=yes}}
| closed_date = {{End date and age|2012|5|11|df=yes}}
| owner = [[Turner Broadcasting System]]<br /><small>([[Time Warner]])</small>
| parent = Turner Asia Pacific Ventures
| picture_format = [[576i]]
| former_names = NDTV Imagine <small>(21 January 2008 – 7 March 2010)</small>
| headquarters = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| country = [[India]]
| area = Worldwide
| sister_channels = [[Lumiere Movies]]
}}

'''Imagine TV''' was a [[Hindi]] general entertainment channel owned by [[Turner Broadcasting System]], and based in [[New Delhi]].

==History==

===Launch===
The channel was established by [[NDTV|NDTV Group]] under the stewardship of former [[STAR TV (Asia)|STAR India]] CEO [[Sameer Nair]]. The channel was launched in India on 21 January 2008 as NDTV Imagine. Imagine TV tied up with [[Karan Johar]], the creative consultant and ambassador of the Imagine TV brand. The channel was originally launched by NDTV in partnership with [[NBCUniversal]] but NBCUniversal left the partnership in October 2009.<ref name="Closure exchange4media">{{cite web|url=http://www.exchange4media.com/46039_curtains-down-on-imagine-tv.html|title=Curtains down on Imagine TV|publisher=exchange4media|date=12 April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://paidcontent.org/2009/10/15/419-nbc-universal-is-exiting-ndtv-networks-who-will-come-in/|title=NBC Universal Is Exiting NDTV Networks; Who Will Come In?|publisher=paidContent|date=15 October 2012|access-date=12 April 2012|archive-date=13 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213182320/http://paidcontent.org/2009/10/15/419-nbc-universal-is-exiting-ndtv-networks-who-will-come-in/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In December 2009, online and mobile video service [[NyooTV]] agreed a deal with NDTV Imagine to distribute ongoing and past TV shows on the platform.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.watblog.com/2009/12/22/online-tv-platform-nyootv-com-to-join-hands-with-ndtv-imagine-for-content/|title=Online TV Platform NyooTV.com To Join Hands With NDTV Imagine For Content|publisher=WAT blog|date=2009-12-22|access-date=4 June 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100416043503/http://www.watblog.com/2009/12/22/online-tv-platform-nyootv-com-to-join-hands-with-ndtv-imagine-for-content/|archive-date=16 April 2010|url-status=usurped}}</ref>

===Sale to Turner===
On 8 December 2009, it was announced that Turner Asia Pacific Ventures (a wholly owned subsidiary of [[Turner Broadcasting System]]) had acquired a 92% stake in NDTV Imagine Ltd.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.media247.co.uk/bizasia/turner-buys-92-stake-in-ndtv-imagine|title=Turner buys 92% stake in NDTV Imagine|publisher=Biz Asia|date=2009-12-08|access-date=1 June 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120905020726/http://www.media247.co.uk/bizasia/turner-buys-92-stake-in-ndtv-imagine|archive-date=5 September 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> NDTV's 76 percent stake in NDTV Imagine would be given to Turner for $67 million, and the [[Time Warner]] company would acquire fresh equity worth $50 million to get 92% control. NDTV Imagine Ltd. ran NDTV Imagine, NDTV Lumiere and NDTV Imagine Showbiz television channels and film production transfer of shares, amounting to 85.68% of NDTV Imagine Ltd, by NDTV Networks Plc to Turner Asia Pacific Ventures.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k10/feb/feb179.php|title=Turner completes acquisition, NDTV Imagine becomes Imagine TV|publisher=Indian Television|date=2010-02-24}}</ref> The three channels will be under Turner General Entertainment Networks, a holding company that will infuse fresh capital to fund the network's growth. The 'NDTV' brand was dropped and the channels were relabelled Imagine TV, Lumiere Movies and Imagine Showbiz. Imagine Showbiz was sold in January 2011 to [[Reliance Broadcast Network]].

===Shutdown===
{{quote box|width=40em|align=right|quote=Imagine TV has not performed and grown as per expectations. While some programmes delivered satisfactory ratings, overall the channel was unable to achieve the rating consistency needed to sustain the business and support continued investment. As a result, Turner made the carefully considered decision to cease operations of the channel. We are grateful to the Imagine team, which includes some of the most talented and creative people in the Indian media industry. We will use our best endeavors to make this as smooth a transition as possible for them.<ref name="Closure exchange4media"/>|source=—Siddharth Jain, MD – South Asia, Turner International India}}

On 12 April 2012, it was announced that Imagine TV would close, as the channel struggled for ratings amidst competition from rival Hindi entertainment channels, where it was even beaten by the newly launched [[Life OK]]. The channel faced the same fate for its sister channel [[Real (TV channel)|Real]].<ref>[http://www.televisionpost.com/television/turner-launches-hindi-gec-via-local-jv-real-shutters-within-a-year/ Turner launches Hindi GEC via local JV Real shutters within a year] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170619181750/http://www.televisionpost.com/television/turner-launches-hindi-gec-via-local-jv-real-shutters-within-a-year/ |date=19 June 2017 }}. Television post. 2 September 2013.</ref><ref>[http://www.livemint.com/Companies/DuR1lCt4VGJmPOOz1qNwzN/Imagine-TV-to-shut-down-as-viewership-declines.html Imagine TV to shut down as viewership declines]. Livemint. Shuchi Bansal. April 2012.</ref><ref>[http://www.thehoot.org/web/mhoot/story.php?storyid=5870&pg=1&mod=1&sectionId=4&sectionname= Second Time Unlucky]. The Hoot. 19 April 2012.</ref><ref name=":0" />
Although all of its business operations will close with immediate effect, the channel will continue to air [[rerun]]s from 13 April, until official obligations ended and it could cease transmissions completely.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rapidtvnews.com/index.php/2012041221217/turner-pulls-plug-on-indian-channel-imagine-tv.html|title=Turner pulls plug on Indian channel Imagine TV|publisher=Rapid TV News|date=12 April 2012|access-date=12 April 2012|archive-date=14 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414200839/http://www.rapidtvnews.com/index.php/2012041221217/turner-pulls-plug-on-indian-channel-imagine-tv.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Imagine TV shut down by 12 May 2012 in India, with the channel removed from all operators.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2012-04-12 |title=Imagine TV shuts down |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/imagine-tv-shuts-down/articleshow/12634707.cms |access-date=2025-02-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=April 12, 2012 |title=Turner to shut 'Imagine TV' in India |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/lifestyle/turner-to-shut-imagine-tv-in-india-idUSDEE83B06U/ |work=Reuters}}</ref> Imagine TV's website was also closed and all episodes and promos were deleted from its YouTube channel.{{Citation needed|date=February 2025}}

In the Middle East Imagine closed on 30 May 2012, when the channel was replaced by [[Imagine Movies]]. The UK and Irish feed of Imagine Dil Se closed on 6 July 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.media247.co.uk/bizasia/imagine-dil-se-ceases-broadcast-in-uk|title=Imagine Dil Se ceases broadcast in UK|publisher=Biz Asia|date=6 July 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712022830/http://www.media247.co.uk/bizasia/imagine-dil-se-ceases-broadcast-in-uk|archive-date=12 July 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The channel's Sky EPG slot was purchased by Viacom 18 to launch [[Rishtey (TV channel)|Rishtey]], a free-to-air sister channel for [[Colors TV]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.media247.co.uk/bizasia/exclusive-colors-new-uk-tv-channel-named-rishtey|title=EXCLUSIVE: Colors new UK TV channel named Rishtey|publisher=BizAsia|date=14 August 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120819074626/http://www.media247.co.uk/bizasia/exclusive-colors-new-uk-tv-channel-named-rishtey|archive-date=19 August 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==International availability==
In the UK and Ireland, Imagine TV is broadcast on the [[Sky (UK & Ireland)|Sky]] platform, where it is [[free-to-air]]. Due to copyright issues, the channel was unable to use 'Imagine TV' in the region, therefore it was rebranded as Imagine Dil Se, from NDTV Imagine, on 1 November 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://media247.co.uk/bizasia/newsarchive/2010/10/exclusive_imagi.php|title=Imagine UK's new brand revealed|publisher=Biz Asia|date=26 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125145044/http://media247.co.uk/bizasia/newsarchive/2010/10/exclusive_imagi.php|archive-date=25 November 2010}}</ref> The feed proved to be a success, beating Star Plus in the UK ratings to become the most watched Asian channel.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.media247.co.uk/bizasia/imagine-dil-se-overtakes-star-plus-in-the-uk|title=Imagine Dil Se overtakes Star Plus in the UK|publisher=Biz Asia|date=7 March 2011|access-date=7 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206135749/http://www.media247.co.uk/bizasia/imagine-dil-se-overtakes-star-plus-in-the-uk|archive-date=6 February 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

From 4 February 2009 Imagine was available in the US on the [[Dish Network]] platform. Imagine was also available free-to-air on [[Nilesat]] in the Middle East. In November 2009, NDTV Imagine launched in Canada in partnership with Canadian broadcaster Ethnic Channels Group and is available on [[Bell Satellite TV]]. The channel was rebranded as Imagine Dil Se in early 2011. The channel was also aired in parts of Asia Pacific viz- Fiji, Australia, Japan, Malaysia, apart from Nepal and Bangladesh.
{{clear left}}

==Programming==
{{main|List of programs broadcast by Imagine TV}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{TBS}}
{{New Delhi Television Limited}}
{{Imagine Programmes}}
{{Balaji Telefilms |state=expanded}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Imagine Tv}}
[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 2008]]
[[Category:Television channels and stations disestablished in 2012]]
[[Category:British Indian mass media]]
[[Category:Television stations in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Defunct television channels in India]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:2012 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Warner Bros. Discovery India]]

Chikhale, Belgaum

2026-01-28T02:09:17Z

ShastaJfh707289:

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chikhale
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Belgaum district|Belagavi]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
}}

'''Chikhale''' is a village in [[Khanapur]] taluka of [[Belgaum district|Belagavi district]] in the southern state of [[Karnataka]], [[India]]. According to the 2011 Census of India, the village had a population of 718 people, with 363 males and 355 females.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chikhale Village Population - Khanapur - Belgaum, Karnataka |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/597808-chikhale-karnataka.html |access-date=2026-01-28 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Settlements in Belagavi district}}

{{coord missing|Karnataka}}

[[Category:Villages in Belagavi district]]

{{Belgaum-geo-stub}}

Enthiran (film series)

2026-01-27T12:54:19Z

ShastaJfh707289: Put up first post w/ infobox

{{short description|Film series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox media franchise
| title = Enthiran Duology
| image = Enthiran franchise universe logo.jpg
| caption = Franchise logo
| creator = [[S. Shankar]]
| origin = [[Enthiran]]
| owner = {{ubl|[[Sun Pictures]]|[[Lyca Productions]]}}
| films = {{ubl|''[[Enthiran]]'' (2010)|''[[2.0 (film)|2.0]]'' (2018)}}
| soundtracks = {{ubl|''[[Enthiran (soundtrack)|Enthiran]]''|''[[2.0 (soundtrack)#Soundtrack|2.0]]''}}
| website = [http://lycaproductions.in/movie/2-0 Production Website]
}}

'''''Enthiran''''' ({{translation|''Robot''}}) is an Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[science fiction]] [[film series]] directed, produced and written by [[S. Shankar]]. The music for the films was composed by [[A. R. Rahman]]. It consists of a two-part film series. The first film ''[[Enthiran]]'' was released on 1 October 2010 while the second one, ''[[2.0 (film)|2.0]]'', was released on 30 November 2018. ''Enthiran'' [[film series]] is [[List of highest-grossing South Indian films#Highest-grossing franchises and film series|the third highest-grossing]] [[List of Indian film series|Indian film franchise]] after ''[[K.G.F (film series)|K.G.F]]'' and ''[[Baahubali (franchise)|Baahubali]]''. [[Rajinikanth]] appears in the role of Dr. Vaseegaran and [[Chitti (character)|Chitti]] in both films.

== Overview ==
{{Clean up|date=November 2023|reason=Extensively detailed about child articles.|section}}

===''Enthiran'' (2010 film)===
{{main|Enthiran}}
After a decade of research, the scientist K. Vaseegaran creates a sophisticated [[humanoid robot]] with the help of his assistants, Siva and Ravi, to commission it into the [[Indian Army]]. He introduces the robot, named [[Chitti (character)|Chitti]], at a robotics conference in [[Chennai]]. Chitti helps Sana, Vaseegaran's [[medical student]] girlfriend, cheat in her examination, then saves her from being assaulted by a group of thugs in a local train. Vaseegaran's mentor, Professor Bohra, is secretly engaged in a project to create similar [[Android (robot)|android]] robots for a German terrorist organisation, but his efforts were in vain. The organization gives Bohra an advanced payment. Bohra receives a warning from the terrorist organization, specifying a one-month timeframe during which he must complete the robots. Failure to do so will get him killed.

Vaseegaran prepares Chitti for an evaluation by the Artificial Intelligence Research and Development (AIRD) Institute, which is headed by Bohra. During the evaluation, Chitti attempts to stab Vaseegaran at Bohra's command, which convinces the evaluation committee that the robot is a liability and cannot be used for military purposes. Vaseegaran's effort to prove Bohra wrong fails when he deploys Chitti to rescue people from a burning building. The robot saves most of them, including a girl named Selvi who was bathing at the time, but she is ashamed at being seen naked on camera. Though Vaseegaran puts his coat around her, and the girl's mother tries to convince her to come back, the girl flees, only to be hit and killed by a truck. Vaseegaran asks for one month to modify Chitti's [[image schema|neural schema]] to enable it to understand human behaviour and emotions, to which Bohra agrees. While nearing the deadline, Chitti becomes angry with Vaseegaran, demonstrating to him that it can manifest emotions.

Chitti uses Sana's textbooks to successfully help Sana's sister Latha give birth to a child. Bohra congratulates Vaseegaran on the achievement and allows Chitti to pass the AIRD evaluation. Bohra then tells Vaseegaran that problems start from now on. Chitti develops romantic feelings for Sana after she congratulates Chitti by kissing it. When Vaseegaran and Sana realise this, Sana explains to Chitti that they are only friends. Saddened by Sana's rejection, yet still in love with her, Chitti purposely fails the evaluation conducted by the Indian Army the following day. Frustrated with Chitti's performance in the evaluation, Vaseegaran chops Chitti into pieces, which are dumped by Siva and Ravi into a landfill site.

Bohra visits the site to retrieve Chitti, which has now reassembled itself, albeit in a damaged state. Chitti asks Bohra to take him to Bohra's house, not knowing that the person who had been searching for him was Bohra himself. After this, Bohra embeds a red chip inside Chitti while reconstructing it with Siva and Ravi, converting it into version 2.0, which is more aggressive and ruthless. When Siva and Ravi ask Bohra why he is doing this to Chitti, Bohra tells them that he is doing this to earn money through his business and defame Vaseegaran, scaring Siva and Ravi. It then gatecrashes Vaseegaran and Sana's wedding, kidnaps Sana and fights off numerous policemen on the way who chase it. It then creates replicas of itself using Bohra's robots, and then kills Bohra after he attempts to kill Sana. Using its robot army, Chitti occupies AIRD and causes mayhem in the city. After informing Sana that it has acquired the human ability to reproduce, Chitti wishes to marry her so that a machine and a human being can give birth to a pre-programmed child, but Sana refuses. It eventually finds Vaseegaran, who entered AIRD to stop the chaos, and nearly kills him just before the police appear. The ensuing battle between Chitti's robot army and the police personnel leads to a lot of property destruction and many casualties. While fighting the police personnel and the army, Chitti and his robots attack in various formations like a sphere, a snake, a wall and a large human-like figure. Vaseegaran eventually captures Chitti using a magnetic wall and accesses its internal control panel, whereby he instructs all the other robots to self-destruct. He then removes Chitti's red chip, calming it down.

In a court hearing, Vaseegaran is sentenced to death for the casualties and damages caused by the robot army, but Chitti explains that it was Bohra who caused its deviant behaviour and shows the court video footage of Bohra installing the red chip. The court releases Vaseegaran, while ordering that Chitti be dismantled. Left with no choice, Vaseegaran asks Chitti to dismantle itself. While saying goodbye, Chitti apologises to Vaseegaran, Sana and their families who forgive it, before dismantling itself.

The film's setting then shifts to 2030. Chitti is now a museum exhibit. A curious school student on an excursion trip asks her guide why it was dismantled, to which Chitti responds, "Naan sinthikka arambichen" (I started thinking).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/2-0-revisiting-shankars-enthiran-and-how-rajinikanth-became-indias-most-loved-superhero-chitti-5633851.html|title=2.0: Revisiting Shankar's Enthiran and how Rajinikanth became India's most loved superhero Chitti|publisher=First Post|first=Raja|last=Sekar|date=29 November 2018|accessdate=25 December 2018}}</ref>

===''2.0'' (2018 film)===
{{main|2.0 (film)}}

Dr. Vaseegaran has recently built a new android humanoid assistant named Nila, whom he introduces to a group of college students. Shortly after, all the mobile phones in the city begin to fly into the sky, throwing the public into a panic. A scientific council assembles to discuss the phenomenon, in which Vaseegaran suggests reactivating the robot Chitti. But the plan is opposed by a member of the council, Dhinendra Bohra, whose father was killed by Chitti a few years back.

The cell phones gather into a swarm and kill phone retail store owner Jayanth Kumar, telecom company owner Manoj Lula, and Telecom Minister Vaira Moorthy. The Home Minister S. Vijay Kumar gives permission for Vaseegaran to reactivate Chitti, whom he has already started working on. The cell phone swarm destroys phone towers around the city and wreaks havoc on the public, manifesting as a giant bird. A newly activated and upgraded Chitti battles the bird in the city and destroys it with an explosion. The remaining phones retreat and reform. Chitti, who runs out of battery takes refuge in three antennas at a space station. The bird tries to follow but is repelled by the antennas.

Chitti informs Vaseegaran about this incident and confirms that the phones are powered by an aura, specifically a concentrated mass of negative charge with electromagnetic properties. Since the space station was streaming positive charged ions into space, the bird was repelled. Vaseegaran builds a photon synthesizer that projects positive charge, intending to neutralise the charge of the bird. The group confronts the bird and drains it of power. The phones take up a humanoid form, as the deceased [[Ornithology|ornithologist]] Pakshi Rajan.

Chitti converses with Pakshi as he attempts to destroy the synthesizer, in which a flashback reveals that Pakshi protested against the usage of modern mobile phones, from which the radiation affected the brains of birds and caused mass deaths, especially near his bird sanctuary and home in Thirukazhukundram. Pakshi makes conferences and protests to address this, but the public dismisses and mocks him. Lula and Moorthy also reject his morals for their business and Jayanth Kumar shuns him from his shop as he tries to protest. Birds all over the city including Pakshi's sanctuary die out, including newborn chicks. A distraught and angered Pakshi, after even a court investigation found no violations (because telecom companies reduced signal levels to conceal wrongdoing), hangs himself at a cell tower. Pakshi's negatively charged spirit reawakens by the radiation emitting from the tower. By absorbing the souls of all the deceased birds in the city, he becomes a vengeful entity.

Chitti tries to convince Pakshi not to hurt the public but Pakshi wishes to punish their ignorance. Chitti has Pakshi captured and contained. The news spreads to the council which decides to build an army of such robots for the military. Dhinendra, who becomes angered by Chitti's victory, releases Pakshi's spirit from the synthesizer. Pakshi possesses Vaseegaran and attacks the public again, but Chitti refuses to attack his creator. Nila gets the red chip and reprograms Chitti to his evil 2.0 alter ego, after altering it to not harm the innocent and commanding him only to fight Pakshi.

Pakshi traps 80,000 people in a football stadium and kills Dhinendra, who was present, by focusing radiation from multiple cell towers. Chitti interferes and fights Pakshi's bird form with his army. As Chitti runs out of charge, Pakshi turns into his winged form and creates several bird drones. The drones tear the robots into pieces, but before Pakshi can summon radiation he's interrupted by one of Chitti's creations: the action figure bot Kutti 3.0. Released into the stadium by Nila, the Kutti bots mount themselves on doves, forcing Pakshi to stand down. The Kuttis self-destruct and destroy Pakshi's drones. After Vaseegaran is released from possession, Pakshi is led to the space station where he is destroyed.

Vaseegaran recovers in the hospital and tells Vijay Kumar, who comes to see him, that he feels Pakshi Rajan was a virtuous person who became a victim of the corrupt society. He also suggests we reduce and control cell phone radiation and ensure that technology do not threaten the lives of all the living creatures in the world. Chitti, now restored to its original version, begins a relationship with Nila.

In a post-credits scene, Sana asks Vaseegaran over the phone about the probability of mobile phones flying again. Immediately, Vaseegaran's mobile flies out of his hand and morphs into Kutti 3.0, saying, "I am your grandson".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/bollywood-news/article/was-akshay-kumars-2-0-character-pakshirajan-inspired-by-birdman-of-india-salim-ali/324051|title=Was Akshay Kumar's 2.0 character Pakshirajan inspired by Birdman of India Salim Ali?|work=Times Now|author=|date=1 December 2018|accessdate=25 December 2018}}</ref>

==Films==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:99%;"
|-
! width="17%" | Film
! Release date
! Director
! width=18%| Screenwriter(s)
! width=20%| Story by
! width=26%| Producer(s)
! width=20%| Installment(s)
! width=20%| Notes(s)
|-
|''[[Enthiran]]''
|1 October 2010
|rowspan=2|[[S. Shankar]]
|[[Sujatha (writer)|Sujatha]], [[S. Shankar]]
|[[S. Shankar]]
|[[Kalanithi Maran]]
| First Installment
| rowspan="2"|[[Enthiran (film series)|Enthiran Duology]]
|-
|''[[2.0 (film)|2.0]]''
|30 November 2018
|[[Madhan Karky]]
|[[S. Shankar]], [[B. Jeyamohan]], [[Madhan Karky]]
|[[Subaskaran Allirajah|A. Subaskaran]]
| Second and Final Installment
|-
|}

Two films of Enthiran Duology take place between 2010 and 2018.

===Enthiran (2010 film)===
{{Main|Enthiran}}

The first installment of the series, centers on the fictional incidents. Vaseegaran, a brilliant scientist, builds Chitti, a unique robot, who is programmed to protect mankind and also feel human emotions. Problems arise when Chitti falls in love with his girlfriend. Enthiran was released on 1 October 2010 (worldwide) and gained positive reviews.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guha |first=Aniruddha |date=1 October 2010 |title=Robot (Endhiran) is an Indian film to be proud of |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-review-robot-endhiran-is-an-indian-film-to-be-proud-of-1446033 |url-status=live |access-date=1 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123151434/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-review-robot-endhiran-is-an-indian-film-to-be-proud-of-1446033 |archive-date=23 January 2015}}</ref> It earned ₹290 [[crore]] worldwide <ref name="first week">{{Cite news |last=Dubey |first=Bharati |date=9 October 2010 |title=Rs 117 cr in just 7 days, 'Robot' Rajini smashes all records |work=The Economic Times |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-10-09/news/27593126_1_film-collection-endhiran |url-status=deviated |access-date=9 October 2010 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126032109/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-10-09/news/27593126_1_film-collection-endhiran |archive-date=26 January 2013}}</ref> against a budget of ₹132 crore,<ref name="CNN Travel">{{Cite web |last=Bhattacharya |first=Anirban |date=7 October 2010 |title=Rajinikanth's 'Robot' to end all robots |url=http://travel.cnn.com/mumbai/play/rajinikanths-robot-end-all-robots-538335/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605125444/http://travel.cnn.com/mumbai/play/rajinikanths-robot-end-all-robots-538335/ |archive-date=5 June 2016 |access-date=5 June 2016 |work=[[CNN Travel]]}}</ref> becoming one of the highest-grossing film in Indian history (2010).{{citation needed|date=October 2021}}

===2.0 (2018 film)===
{{Main|2.0 (film)}}
After the success of [[Enthiran]] Shankar and Rajinikanth Re-unite once again for a sequel. The film was titled as 2.0 and it's a [[Standalone sequel]] to the previous one. And also second and final installment in this series. The plot focused on when mobile phones start flying from people's hands, Dr. Vaseegaran and his robot Nila are asked to help. However, due to Pakshi Rajan having a hand in this, the two have to reinstate Chitti to defeat him. 2.0 was released worldwide in both [[3D film|3D]] and conventional format on 29 November 2018, along with its dubbed versions in [[Hindi]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]]. It received mostly positive reviews upon release. Critics particularly praised the film's visual effects, performances of [[Rajinikanth]] and [[Akshay Kumar]]<ref>{{Cite web |title= 2.0 (2018) |website= [[Rotten Tomatoes]] |url= https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/20_2018 |access-date= 2018-12-25 }}</ref> It earned ₹117.34 crore (US$16 million) worldwide on its first day, which was the second-highest ever for an Indian film. The film crossed ₹520 crore (equivalent to ₹591 crore or US$78 million in 2020) in its opening weekend to be the highest-grossing film worldwide for that week. Total collection of the film is ₹800 crore. 2.0 is the sixteenth [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|highest-grossing Indian film]] and is ninth [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|highest grossing indian franchise]].

==Recurring cast and characters==
This table lists the main characters who appear in the Enthiran Franchise.
{{Cast indicator|appeared=Enthiran film series|C|V|Y|A}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;"| Characters
! colspan="2" scope="col" style="text-align:center:" | Films
|-
! scope="col" style="width:33%"| ''[[Enthiran]]''
! scope="col" style="width:33%"| ''[[2.0 (film)|2.0]]''
|-
! 2010 !! 2018
|-
! scope="row"| Dr. Vaseegaran
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |[[Rajinikanth]]
|-
! scope="row" | [[Chitti (character)|Chitti]]
|-
! scope="row" | Kutti
|{{cEmpty}}
| [[Rajinikanth]]{{ref|cameo|C}}
|-
! scope="row"|Sana Vaseegaran
|[[Aishwarya Rai]]
|[[Savitha Reddy]]{{ref|voice|V}}
|-
! scope="row"| Professor Bohra
|[[Danny Denzongpa]]
|{{N/A|Danny Denzongpa}}{{ref|archive|A}}
|-
! Siva
| [[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]]
| {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Ravi
| [[Karunas]]
| {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Latha
| [[Devadarshini]]
| {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Shah
| [[Sabu Cyril]]
| {{cEmpty}}
|-
! scope="row"|Pakshi Rajan
|{{cEmpty}}
|[[Akshay Kumar]]
|-
! scope="row"|Nila
|{{cEmpty}}
|[[Amy Jackson]]
|-
! scope="row"|Dhinendra "Dhina" Bohra
|{{cEmpty}}
|[[Sudhanshu Pandey]]
|-
! Minister S. Vijay Kumar
| {{cEmpty}}
| [[Adil Hussain]]
|-
! Jayanth Kumar
| {{cEmpty}}
| [[Ishari K. Ganesh]]
|-
! Vaira Moorthy
| {{cEmpty}}
| [[Kalabhavan Shajohn]]
|-
|}

== Additional crew and production details==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width="100%"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Occupation
! colspan="2" | Film
|-
! ''[[Enthiran]]'' <br />(2010)
! ''[[2.0 (film)|2.0]]'' <br />(2018)
|-
! Director
| rowspan="3" colspan="2" | [[S. Shankar]]
|-
! Screenplay
|-
! Story
|-
! Producer(s)
| rowspan="2" | [[Kalanithi Maran]]
| [[Subaskaran Allirajah|A. Subaskaran]]
|-
! Presenter(s)
| [[Karan Johar]]
|-
! Dialogue Writer(s)
| S. Shankar<br />[[Sujatha (writer)|Sujatha]]<br />[[Madhan Karky]]
| S. Shankar<br />[[B. Jeyamohan]]<br />Madhan Karky
|-
! Music director(s)
| colspan="2" | [[A. R. Rahman]]
|-
! Cinematography
| [[R. Rathnavelu]]
| [[Nirav Shah]]
|-
! Editor(s)
| colspan="2" | [[Anthony (film editor)|Anthony]]
|-
! Visual Effects Supervisor(s)
| colspan="2" | [[V. Srinivas Mohan]]
|-
! Production Design(s)
| [[Sabu Cyril]]
| [[T. Muthuraj]]
|-
! Sound Designer(s)
| colspan="2" | [[Resul Pookutty]]
|-
! Production Company
| rowspan="2" | [[Sun Pictures]]
| [[Lyca Productions]]
|-
! Distributor(s)
| Lyca Productions <br />[[Dharma Productions]] <br />[[AA Films]]
|-
! Runtime
| 2h 57min
| 2h 27min
|-
|}

== Release and reception ==

=== Box office ===
{{hatnote|Each film is linked to the "Box office" section of its article.}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" width=99% border="1" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! Film
! Release date
! Budget
! Box office
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Enthiran#Box office|Enthiran]]''
| 1 October 2010
| {{INRConvert|132|c|year=2010|mode=historical}}–{{INRConvert|150|c|year=2010|mode=historical}}{{refn|''[[The Economic Times]]'' claims the film's budget to be {{INR}}1.32 billion,<ref name="Q3">{{cite news|url= http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-01-28/news/28425591_1_interim-dividend-satellite-rights-enthiran |title= Sun TV Network Q3 Net up 48.40% at Rs 225.49 cr |publisher= Press Trust of India |work= [[The Economic Times]] |date=28 January 2011 |access-date= 4 February 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150204082505/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-01-28/news/28425591_1_interim-dividend-satellite-rights-enthiran |archive-date= 4 February 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> whereas Anirban Bhattacharya of [[CNN|CNN Travel]] and T. S. Sreenivasan Raghavan of ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' state that it is {{INR}}1.62 billion.<ref name="CNN Travelb">{{cite web | url=http://travel.cnn.com/mumbai/play/rajinikanths-robot-end-all-robots-538335/ | title=Rajinikanth's 'Robot' to end all robots | publisher=[[CNN|CNN Travel]] | date=7 October 2010 | accessdate=5 June 2016 | last=Bhattacharya | first=Anirban | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605125444/http://travel.cnn.com/mumbai/play/rajinikanths-robot-end-all-robots-538335/ | archivedate=5 June 2016 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/chitti-the-robot-delights-tax-officials/articleshow/21756582.cms | title=Chitti, the robot, delights tax officials | work=[[Bangalore Mirror]] | last=Raghavan | first=T. S. Sreenivasan | date=22 October 2010 | accessdate=13 August 2018 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813085423/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/chitti-the-robot-delights-tax-officials/articleshow/21756582.cms | archivedate=13 August 2018 | url-status=live}}</ref>|name=budget|group=Note}}
| {{INRConvert|283|c|year=2010|mode=historical}}–{{INRConvert|320|c|year=2010|mode=historical}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/ss-rajamoulis-baahubali-enters-rs-300-crore-club/ |title=SS Rajamouli's Baahubali enters RS 300 crore club |date=19 July 2015 |website=The Indian Express |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919134359/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/ss-rajamoulis-baahubali-enters-rs-300-crore-club/ |archive-date=19 September 2016 |url-status=live |access-date=19 September 2016}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[2.0 (film)#Box office|2.0]]''
| 29 November 2018
| {{INRConvert|400|c|year=2018|mode=historical}}–{{INRConvert|600|c|year=2018|mode=historical}}<ref name="Budget">{{cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/bollywood-news/article/wow-the-vfx-for-rajinikanth-and-akshay-kumars-2-0-cost-rs-543-crore-details-inside-bollywood-news/283036|title=Wow! Rajinikanth and Akshay Kumar's VFX-heavy film 2.0 cost Rs 543 crore - details inside|work=[[Times Now]]|author=Zoom TV Digital|date=11 September 2018|accessdate=11 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="no film">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/2.0-is-set-to-go-where-no-Indian-film-has-gone-before/article16738922.ece|title=2.0 is set to go where no Indian film has gone before|author=Staff writer|work=The Hindu|access-date=13 May 2017}}</ref>
| {{INRConvert|666|c|year=2018|mode=historical}}–{{INRConvert|800|c|year=2018|mode=historical}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/trending/box-office/2point0-box-office-collection-day-23-rajinikanth-magnum-opus-struggles-to-touch-rs-800-crore-mark-worldwide/story/303363.html|title=2.0 Box Office Collection Day 23: Rajinikanth's magnum opus struggles to touch Rs 800-crore mark worldwide|publisher=Business Today|author=|date=22 December 2018|access-date=22 December 2018}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="2" | Total
! {{INRConvert|532|c}}–{{INRConvert|750|c}}
! {{INRConvert|949|c}}–{{INRConvert|1120|c}}
|-
|}
'''Note:''' The budget and box office collection in US$ is the average as there is many figures about the budget and box office collection according to many reports.

=== Critical reception ===
{{hatnote|Each film is linked to the "Critical response" section of its article.}}
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" "text-align:center;"
|+
! Film
! [[Rotten Tomatoes]]
|-
| ''[[Enthiran#Critical response|Enthiran]]''
| 77% (6/10 average rating) (13 reviews)<ref>{{Cite web |title= Endhiran (2010) |website= [[Rotten Tomatoes]] |url= https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/endhiran |access-date= 2018-12-25 }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[2.0 (film)#Critical response|2.0]]''
| 55% (5.5/10 average rating) (20 reviews)<ref>{{Cite web |title= 2.0 (2018) |website= [[Rotten Tomatoes]] |url= https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/20_2018 |access-date= 2018-12-25 }}</ref>
|}
The first film received positive reviews while the second film received mixed reviews, with praise for their direction, storyline, visual effects, music, action sequences, cinematography and cast performances (especially Rajinikanth).

==Notes==
{{reflist| group=Note}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=tt1305797|title=Enthiran}}
*{{IMDb title|id=tt5080556|title=2.0}}

{{Enthiran franchise}}
{{S. Shankar}}
{{Portal bar|India|Film}}

[[Category:Enthiran]]
[[Category:Action film series]]
[[Category:Science fiction film series]]
[[Category:Film series introduced in 2010]]
[[Category:Indian science fiction action films]]
[[Category:2010s masala films]]
[[Category:Indian film series]]

Yeddu Muthyalu

2025-12-29T19:31:15Z

ShastaJfh707289:

{{Short description|Indian bishop (??–1954)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Notability|Biography|date=April 2023}}
{{Primary sources|date=April 2023}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Bishop
| name = Yeddu Muthyalu
| title = Bishop – in – [[Diocese of Krishna-Godavari|Krishna-Godavari]] (1947-1955)
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| church = Christian
| archdiocese =
| diocese = [[Diocese of Krishna-Godavari|Krishna-Godavari]]
| see = [[Church of South India]]
| term = 1947-1954<ref name="Edwin">M. Edwin Rao (Compiled), ''Prophet Azariah and the Blessed Dornakal: A centenary revisit 1912-2012'', Dornakal Diocese, Dornakal, 2012, p.135</ref>
| predecessor = ''Post created'' <br />(''Previously [[V. S. Azariah]] of the Diocese of Dornakal'')
| successor = [[A. B. Elliott]]

| ordination = 1924
| ordinated_by =
| consecration = 1945 as Assistant Bishop<ref name="George">K. M. George, ''Church of South India: life in union, 1947–1997'', Jointly published by Indian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge and Christava Sahitya Samithi, Tiruvalla, 1999, pp.16-17 and 44-45. [https://books.google.com/books?um=1&q=]</ref><
| consecrated_by =
| rank =

| birth_date = 1924<ref>Aprem (Mar), ''Indian Christian who is who'', Bombay Parish Church of the East, Bombay, 1983, p.99. [https://books.google.com/books?id=u2s5AAAAMAAJ&q=yeddy+muthyalu]</ref>
| birth_place = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| death_date = 1954<ref name="Edwin"/>
| death_place = [[Eluru]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| previous_post =[[Pastor]], [[Diocese of Dornakal]] {{small|(1924-1945<ref name="Edwin"/>)}}<br />[[Tutor]], Dornakal Divinity School {{small|(1929-1930<ref name="Crockford">''Crockford's Clerical Directory'', Volume 71, Oxford University Press, 1947, p.947. [https://books.google.com/books?id=GRosAQAAMAAJ&q=yeddu]</ref>)}}<br />Assistant Bishop,<ref name="George"/> [[Diocese of Dornakal]] {{small|(1945-1947<ref name="Gibbs">Mildred E. Gibbs, ''The Anglican Church in India, 1600-1970'', ISPCK, New Delhi, 1972, p.416. [https://books.google.com/books?id=DA5XAAAAMAAJ&q=yeddu]</ref>)}}
}}{{Portal|Christianity}}

'''Bishop Yeddu Muthyalu''' ''(Yeddy Muthyalu)'' (died 1954<ref name="George"/>) was the first Bishop - in - [[Krishna-Godavari Diocese of the Church of South India]] who was consecrated in 1947<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=3YDkAAAAMAAJ&q=yeddu+muthyalu+dornakal ''The Living Church'', Volume 114, Morehouse-Gorham Company, 1947, p.9]
</ref> at the [[St. George's Cathedral, Chennai]] along with thirteen<ref name="George"/> other Bishops.

==Anglican Diocese of Dornakal==
After initial studies at the Dornakal Divinity School, Muthyalu was ordained in 1924<ref name="Crockford"/> and became a Priest of the Diocese of Dornakal whose geographical precincts were wide. In 1929, Muthyalu had a short stint as Tutor<ref name="Crockford"/> at his ''[[alma mater]]'' after which he again took up the role as Priest. In 1940, Muthyalu became Honorary Canon of the Epiphany Cathedral in Dornakal a position which he held until 1945 when he was consecrated<ref name="Gibbs"/> as Assistant Bishop in Dornakal.<ref name="Crockford"/>

==CSI Diocese of Krishna-Godavari==
When the Church of South India was formed in 1947, the Diocese of Dornakal was considerably reduced as three new diocese were erected - the Dioceses of [[Diocese of Nandyal|Nandyal]], [[Diocese of Krishna-Godavari|Krishna-Godavari]], and [[Diocese of Rayalaseema|Rayalaseema]]. The Church of South India Synod consecrated Muthyalu in 1947 at [[St. George's Cathedral, Chennai]] as the first Bishop - in - Krishna Godavari. Muthyalu occupied the [[Cathedra]] in Eluru.<ref>P. N. Chopra, ''Encyclopaedia of India, Volume 1'', Agam Prakashan, 1988, p.90. Chopra lists Eluru as housing one of the Cathedrals of the Church of South India. In the latter years, the Cathedral was shifted to Vijayawada during the bishopric of [[T. B. D. Prakasa Rao]] and again moved to the present Machilipatnam by Bishop [[G. Dyvasirvadam]]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=yAgMAAAAIAAJ&q=church+of+south+india+eluru+cathedral]</ref>

==Death==
In 1954, when Muthyalu died<ref name="Edwin"/> suddenly, the [[Church of South India Synod]] confabulated and sent [[A. B. Elliott]] of the adjoining Diocese of Dornakal to succeed Muthyalu.

Rajaiah David Paul who authored ''The First Decade: An Account of the Church of South India''<ref name="Rajaiah">Rajaiah David Paul, ''The First Decade: An Account of the Church of South India'', Christian Literature Society, Madras, 1958, p.262. [https://books.google.com/books?id=mNEsAAAAIAAJ&q=yeddu+muthyalu+dornakal]</ref> wrote the following lines about the early life of Yeddu Muthyalu,
{{cquote|The Right Reverend Yeddu Muthyalu was the son of a soldier. His entry into the Church as a little child was typical of the man. Shortly after his father's death, his mother came under the influence of the missionaries in Masulipatnam<ref>The present [[Machilipatnam]]</ref> and in spite of much persecution, decided to be baptized. Her little son with equal determination threw in his lot with his mother, and neither blows nor threats would keep him from becoming a Christian with her.<ref name="Rajaiah"/>}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-rel}}
{{Succession box
| before=[[A. B. Elliott]]<br />1935-1945| title=Assistant Bishop - in - [[Diocese of Dornakal]]
|after=''Post disbanded''
| years=1945-1947
}}
{{Succession box
| before=''Post created''| title=Bishop - in - [[Diocese of Krishna-Godavari]]<br />[[Church of South India]]
|after=[[A. B. Elliott]]<br />1955-1959
| years=1947-1954
}}
{{S-end}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yeddu Muthyalu}}
[[Category:20th-century Anglican bishops in India]]
[[Category:Anglican bishops of Krishna-Godavari]]
[[Category:Indian Christian theologians]]
[[Category:People from Khammam district]]
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:1954 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Christians]]

Lilly Sanathanan

2025-12-27T16:50:57Z

ShastaJfh707289: Started Info - done

{{Short description|Indian statistician}}
{{Use mdy dates|cs1-dates=ly|date=August 2022}}
{{Use list-defined references|date=August 2022}}
'''Lalitha''' ('''Lilly''') '''Padman Sanathanan''' is an Indian statistician.

Sanathanan's early research concerned estimation of population size from sampled data, in the context of [[particle physics]]. She completed her Ph.D. in 1969, at the [[University of Chicago]]; her dissertation, ''Estimating Population Size in the Particle Scanning Context'', was supervised by David Lee Wallace.{{r|mg}} After several years as an assistant and associate professor at the [[University of Illinois Chicago]],{{r|uic}} she moved to [[Argonne National Laboratory]] in the late 1970s.{{r|argonne}}

By 1991 she had shifted career direction, to [[drug development]]. After working as a senior statistician at [[Abbott Laboratories]], associate director of statistics for [[Ciba-Geigy]], and director of research statistics for [[Smith, Kline & French]], she became a director in the [[Center for Drug Evaluation and Research]] of the [[Food and Drug Administration]].{{r|latimes}} She was named a [[Fellow of the American Statistical Association]] in 1990.{{r|fasa}} In 1991 she returned to private industry, as vice president of biostatistics and clinical data systems at the Institute for Biological Research and Development in [[Irvine, California]].{{r|latimes}} She later founded ClinWorld, a binational (US and Indian) clinical research organisation, which was purchased by Indian health corporation Sami Labs (now the Sami-Sabinsa Group) in 2003.{{r|sami}}

In 2008 she published a self-help book, ''Life Vest'', in Bangalore.{{r|vest}} She continues to operate a Florida-based statistics firm, STATLINK, and is a contributor to a cross-cultural [[podcast]], the Global India Podcast.{{r|gip}}

==References==
<references>

<ref name=argonne>{{citation|url=https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/11/531/11531030.pdf|page=332|title=DOE Statistical Symposium, Sandia Laboratories|year=1978}}</ref>

<ref name=fasa>{{citation|url=https://ww2.amstat.org/fellows/|title=ASA Fellows|publisher=American Statistical Association|access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref>

<ref name=gip>{{citation|url=http://globalindiapodcast.com/|title=Global India Podcast|access-date=2022-08-08|archive-date=2022-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308173626/http://globalindiapodcast.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name=latimes>{{citation|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-06-26-fi-1301-story.html|title=Lilly P. Sanathanan has joined the Institute...|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=June 26, 1991|access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref>

<ref name=mg>{{mathgenealogy|id=35295}}</ref>

<ref name=sami>{{citation|url=https://drmajeed.com/pdf/press/et050803.htm|title=Sami Labs buys CRO ClinWorld|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=August 5, 2003|first=Anil|last=Urs|access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref>

<ref name=uic>Affiliation as listed on her publications "Estimating the Size of a Multinomial Population" (1972, {{doi|10.1214/aoms/1177692709}}) and "Estimating the Size of a Truncated Sample" (1977, {{doi|10.2307/2286238}})</ref>

<ref name=vest>{{citation|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/2008/dec/02/striking-the-perfect-balance-7526.html|title=Striking the perfect balance|newspaper=The New Indian Express|date=December 2, 2008|access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref>

</references>

{{Authority control|state=collapsed}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sanathanan, Lilly}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian statisticians]]
[[Category:Indian women scientists]]
[[Category:Women statisticians]]
[[Category:University of Chicago alumni]]
[[Category:University of Illinois Chicago faculty]]
[[Category:Argonne National Laboratory people]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Statistical Association]]

2007–08 Commonwealth Bank Series

2025-12-02T04:02:14Z

ShastaJfh707289:

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2013}}
{{Infobox cricket series
|series= 2007–08 Commonwealth Bank Series
|image=
|caption=CB Series Trophy
|date= 3 February 2008 – 4 March 2008
|place= Australia
|result= {{cr|IND}} Won by (2–0 in final series)
|player of series= [[Nathan Bracken]] (Aus)
|team1= {{cr|AUS}}
|team2= {{cr|IND}}
|team3= {{cr|SRI}}
|captain1= [[Ricky Ponting]]
|captain2= [[MS Dhoni]]
|captain3= [[Mahela Jayawardene]]
|runs1= [[Adam Gilchrist|Gilchrist]] 322<br> [[Michael Clarke (cricketer)|Clarke]] 314<br> [[Matthew Hayden|Hayden]] 298
|runs2= [[Gautam Gambhir|Gambhir]] 440<br> [[Sachin Tendulkar|Tendulkar]] 399<br> [[MS Dhoni|Dhoni]] 347
|runs3= [[Kumar Sangakkara|Sangakkara]] 326<br> [[Mahela Jayawardene|Jayawardene]] 214<br/> [[Tillakaratne Dilshan|Dilshan]] 170
|wickets1= [[Nathan Bracken|Bracken]] 21<br> [[Brett Lee|Lee]] 16<br> [[Mitchell Johnson (cricketer)|Johnson]] 11
|wickets2= [[Ishant Sharma|I Sharma]] 14<br> [[Irfan Pathan|Pathan]] 11<br> [[Praveen Kumar (cricketer)|Kumar]] 10
|wickets3= [[Lasith Malinga|Malinga]] 12<br> [[Ishara Amerasinghe|Amerasinghe]] 9<br> [[Muttiah Muralitharan|Murali]] 9
|previous=[[2006–07 Commonwealth Bank Series|2006–07]]
|next=[[2011–12 Commonwealth Bank Series|2011–12]]
}}

The 2007–08 edition of the [[Australian Tri-Series|Commonwealth Bank Series]] was a [[One Day International]] [[cricket]] tournament held in Australia. The Commonwealth Bank Series is an annual event involving the national teams of [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]], [[India national cricket team|India]] and [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]]. India won the event with a 2–0 sweep of the hosts in the final series.

The first two matches of the series were shaping up for excellent contests after their first innings. However heavy rain in Brisbane, caused by a cyclone in the Pacific Ocean, saw both of those matches abandoned. Australia was the first to win a match in the series after a Sri Lankan collapse in game 3.

Australia was the best team during the regular matches, taking 4 wins with bonus points. However India defeated Australia 2–0 in the best of 3 final series to win the tournament. This was the second time in a row that Australia lost their home tri-nations' series. In the previous year they had lost to England. Fast bowler [[Nathan Bracken]] was the leading wicket taker in the tournament with 21 wickets and was named Player of the Series. Australian wicketkeeper [[Adam Gilchrist]] and left-arm spinner [[Brad Hogg]] retired from One Day International after the second final.

{{TOClimit|limit=2}}

==Squads==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%;" width=55%
|+ Squads
|-
! width=15%|{{cr|AUS}}<ref>[http://cricket.com.au/default.aspx?s=newsdisplay&id=40751 Australia Squad] – 31 January 2008</ref>
! width=15%|{{cr|IND}}<ref>[http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/cbs/content/story/332389.html India Squad] – 20 January 2008</ref>
! width=15%|{{cr|SRI}}<ref>[http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/cbs/content/story/330856.html Sri Lanka Squad] – 14 January 2008</ref>
|-
| [[Ricky Ponting]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]]) || [[MS Dhoni]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]] & [[Wicket-keeper|wk]]) || [[Mahela Jayawardene]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])
|-
| [[Adam Gilchrist]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]]) || [[Sachin Tendulkar]] || [[Kumar Sangakkara]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
|-
| [[Nathan Bracken]] || [[Yuvraj Singh]] || [[Ishara Amerasinghe]]
|-
| [[Stuart Clark]] || [[Virender Sehwag]] || [[Tillakaratne Dilshan]]
|-
| [[Michael Clarke (cricketer)|Michael Clarke]] || [[Dinesh Karthik]] || [[Sanath Jayasuriya]]
|-
| [[Brad Haddin]] || [[Robin Uthappa]] || [[Chamara Kapugedera]]
|-
| [[Matthew Hayden]] || [[Gautam Gambhir]] || [[Nuwan Kulasekara]]
|-
| [[Brad Hogg]] || [[Suresh Raina]] || [[Farveez Maharoof]]
|-
| [[James Hopes]] || [[Rohit Sharma]] || [[Lasith Malinga]]
|-
| [[Michael Hussey]] || [[Irfan Pathan]] || [[Muttiah Muralitharan]]
|-
| [[Mitchell Johnson (cricketer)|Mitchell Johnson]] || [[Praveen Kumar (cricketer)|Praveen Kumar]] || [[Dilruwan Perera]]
|-
| [[Brett Lee]] || [[Munaf Patel]] || [[Chamara Silva]]
|-
| [[Andrew Symonds]] || [[Ishant Sharma]] || [[Upul Tharanga]]
|-
| [[Ashley Noffke]] || [[Sreesanth]] || [[Chaminda Vaas]]
|-
| [[Adam Voges]] || [[Harbhajan Singh]] || [[Chanaka Welegedara]]
|-
| || [[Piyush Chawla]] ||
|-
| || [[Manoj Tiwary (cricketer)|Manoj Tiwary]] ||
|}
Note: Ashley Noffke and Adam Voges were standby players.
{{clear}}

[[2007–08 Commonwealth Bank Series Statistics|Full statistics of the tri-series]]

==Group stage table==
<onlyinclude>{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=CricketRR
|update=complete
|source=[http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/cbs/engine/series/291340.html?view=pointstable Cricinfo]
|title=Group stage
|show_nrr_fa=yes
|show_bonus_points=yes
|winpoints=4
|nrpoints=2

|team1=AUS |team2=IND |team3=SRI
|result1=Q |result2=Q

|win_AUS=5 |loss_AUS=2 |nr_AUS=1 |bonus_AUS=4 |rs_AUS=1477 |or_AUS=329.3 |rc_AUS=1208 |ob_AUS=325.2
|win_IND=3 |loss_IND=3 |nr_IND=2 |bonus_IND=1 |rs_IND=1184 |or_IND=248.2 |rc_IND=1250 |ob_IND=269.0
|win_SRI=2 |loss_SRI=5 |nr_SRI=1 |bonus_SRI=0 |rs_SRI=1167 |or_SRI=298.3 |rc_SRI=1370 |ob_SRI=282.0

|name_AUS={{cr|AUS}}
|name_IND={{cr|IND}}
|name_SRI={{cr|SRI}}

|col_Q=#cfc
}}</onlyinclude>

==Group stage matches==

===1st match: Australia v India===
{{Limited overs international|
| date = 3 February
| time = 13:15
| daynight = yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}
| score1 = 194 (45/45 overs)
| score2 = 3/51 (7.2/26 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|AUS}}
| runs1 = [[Gautam Gambhir|Gambhir]] 39 (51)
| wickets1 = [[Brett Lee|Lee]] 5–27 (9 overs)
| runs2 = [[James Hopes|Hopes]] 17 (12)
| wickets2 = [[Sreesanth]] 2–17 (3.2 overs)
| result = Match abandoned
| report = [http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/cbs/engine/current/match/291359.html (scorecard)]
| venue = [[The Gabba]], [[Brisbane]]
| umpires = [[Steve Davis (umpire)|Steve Davis]] (AUS) and [[Rudi Koertzen]] (SA)
| motm =
| rain = Rain after 36 overs stopped play, India's innings reduced to 45 overs. Australia's Innings reduced to 43 overs before commencement with a target of 192. Rain after 4 overs stopped play, Australia's innings reduced to 26 overs with the target reduced of 141. Rain after 7.2 overs stopped play, the match was then abandoned.
}}

India won the toss and elected to bat on what was thought to be a bowlers pitch due to earlier rain and high chance of further showers. Sehwag was bowled early by Bracken off an inside edge. Tendulkar was forced onto the back foot by Lee bowling short, and accidentally hit the stumps with his back foot to be out hit wicket, putting India at 2/26 after 6.3 overs. Gambhir and Rohit Sharma then combined for 65 runs taking advantage of wide and short bowling from debutant Ashley Noffke. Gambhir was dropped twice in the slips off Johnson, but Johnson eventually got him LBW which triggered a middle order collapse. Sharma fine edged Lee through to Gilchrist. Next to go was Tiwary who struggled against the pace of Lee and was clean bowled by a yorker. Uthappa then skied a short ball from Noffke and was caught by Clarke at point. India had lost 4 wickets for just 11 runs, collapsing from 2/92 to 6/102 after 26.1 overs. Dhoni and Pathan tightened up, determined to make sure India bat out the innings and post a competitive score. Rain then stopped the play with India at 6/128 after 36 overs.

Play resumed over an hour later, with the match reduced by 5 overs per innings. The Indian batters came out firing, scoring boundaries. Pathan appeared to edge through to Gilchrist but the umpire was unmoved. Ponting then ran out Pathan with a throw from cover leaving India at 7/147 after 38.6 overs. Harbhajan Singh belted 27 from 18 balls, mainly off Bracken, before skying to point off the toe of the bat. Dhoni fell just a few balls previously, trying to hit over cover. Brett Lee claiming both wickets for a 5 wicket haul. Sreesanth tried to steal a third run off the last ball after a miss-field but was easily run-out. India all out for 194 off the full 45 overs. Brett Lee finished with 5 for 29 off 9 overs. Australia was set 196 runs to win via [[D/L method]] (since India had batted 36 overs while pacing for 50 overs).

Further rain during the break reduced Australia's innings to 43 overs, with a revised target of 192. Hopes smashed four 4's off the 3rd over (bowled by Pathan) before Gilchrist gloved a hook shot to the keeper. He walked off, without even looking at the umpire who had shaken his head to dismiss the appeal. Yet more rain arrived with the score 1/33 after 4.0 overs. Australia's innings was reduced to 22 overs with the target set to 141 and play resumed again, although everyone expected more rain soon which would cause the match to be abandoned. Hopes was clean bowled by Ishant Sharma and then Ponting edged Sreesanth to 2nd slip, Australia losing 3 for 6 runs to be 3/39 after just 5.2 overs. The rain arrived after 7.2 overs with the score 3/51. With rain falling and not enough time remaining to complete the minimum 20 overs, the match was abandoned as a draw. Both teams were awarded 2 points-a-piece.

===2nd match: India v Sri Lanka===
{{Limited overs international|
| date = 5 February
| time = 13:15
| daynight = yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}
| score1 = 4/267 (50 overs)
| score2 =
| team2 = {{cr|SRI}}
| runs1 = [[Gautam Gambhir|Gambhir]] 102* (101)
| wickets1 = [[Muttiah Muralitharan|Muralitharan]] 2–51 (10 overs)
| runs2 =
| wickets2 =
| result = Match abandoned
| report = [http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/cbs/engine/current/match/291360.html (scorecard)]
| venue = [[The Gabba]], [[Brisbane]]
| umpires = [[Steve Davis (umpire)|Steve Davis]] (AUS) and [[Rudi Koertzen]] (SA)
| motm =
| rain = Rain prevented the second innings from starting.
|
}}
India won the toss and elected to bat first, as rain was expected to hit later in the day. [[Yuvraj Singh]] was back in Indian side, after missing the first match due to an injury. The openers made a solid start putting on 68 runs in 14.3 overs before Tendulkar was bowled by Malinga. Sehwag was then taken by Amerasinghe. This was followed by the quick loss of both Yuvraj Singh and Rohit Sharma, both to Muralitharan, leaving India in trouble at 4/83 after 20.5 overs. Gambhir and Dhoni then played a solid and defensive game for the next twenty overs before they opened up in the last 10 overs scoring over 100 runs. The hallmark of their partnership was their aggressive running between the wickets. Gambhir brought up his run-a-ball century in just the last over. Vass ended up going for an expensive 0/72 from his ten overs. India finished the innings 4/267 just as rain started to fall. The rain got heavier during the break and continued all night, forcing the match to be abandoned.

===3rd match: Australia v Sri Lanka===
{{Limited overs international|
| date = 8 February
| time = 14:15
| daynight = yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|AUS}}
| score1 = 6/253 (50 overs)
| score2 = 125 (31.3 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|SRI}}
| runs1 = [[Michael Clarke (cricketer)|Clarke]] 77* (86)
| wickets1 = [[Chaminda Vaas|Vaas]] 2–34 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Kumar Sangakkara|Sangakkara]] 42 (41)
| wickets2 = [[Nathan Bracken|Bracken]] 5–46 (8.3 overs)
| result = Australia won by 128 runs
| report = [http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/cbs/engine/current/match/291361.html (scorecard)]
| venue = [[Sydney Cricket Ground]], [[Sydney]]
| umpires = [[Tony Hill (umpire)|Tony Hill]] (NZ) & [[Simon Taufel]] (Aus)
| motm = {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Nathan Bracken]]
| rain =
}}

Ponting won the toss and elected to bat. Hayden returned from injury to open, he was the first to fall, holing Amerasinghe straight to cover, after a 64 run opening partnership from 79 balls. Ponting edged Vaas to first slip to be out for just 9 runs. Clarke then combined with Gilchrist, who scored a half century before being trapped LBW by Kapugedera. Symonds smashed straight to cover and was taken off Vaas, then Hussey hit straight to point and was also caught. However the wickets only came slowly with Australia at 5–190 after 41.4 overs. Clarke and Hopes finished the innings well after it looked like Australia could stumble to a lower score. Clarke finished not out on 77 from 86 balls, while Hopes belted 34 from 29 balls to help boost Australia to 6/253 from the full 50 overs. Vaas was the best bowler with 2/34 from 10 overs, Amerasinghe also took 2 wickets, but for 66 runs. Australia played tight against Muralitharan, who ended on up 0/42, he was later injured in the field when a ball bounced off his hands and smashed into his teeth.

Jayasuriya was first to go for Sri Lanka, dragging Lee onto his stumps. Tharanga fell without improving the score when he edged Bracken to the keeper, Sri Lanka 2–18 from 5.1 overs. Sangakkara came out firing scoring an impressive 42 from just 41 balls before being caught LBW by Bracken. Jayawardene had fallen just before while edging Johnson to the keeper. Silva struggled to score and eventually edged a flipper from Hogg to the keeper managing just 7 runs from 32 balls. Dilshan played wild shots, smashing a huge six before skying a Bracken ball to mid-off. Kapugedera had also edged Bracken to Hayden at first slip, leaving Sri Lanka in tatters at 7/93 after 23.5 overs. Malinga was run-out is unusual circumstances, he grounded the bat behind the crease, but then dropped his bat. The ball hit then stumps before he grounded his feet behind the crease and after he dropped the bat. Ponting then ran-out Vaas after a mix-up with Murali. Murali then went slogging, smashing a six down the ground before being caught at mid-on. Sri Lanka all out for just 125 runs after 31.3 overs. The 128 runs victory was large enough for Australia to earn a series bonus point. Bracken took 5/47. Johnson, Hopes and Hogg all played well, conceding just 9, 15 and 17 runs from 5 or 6 overs each.

===4th match: Australia v India===
{{Limited overs international|
| date = 10 February
| time = 14:15
| daynight = yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|AUS}}
| score1 = 159 (43.1 overs)
| score2 = 5/160 (45.5 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}
| runs1 = [[Michael Hussey|Hussey]] 65* (88)
| wickets1 = [[Ishant Sharma|I Sharma]] 4/38 (9.1 overs)
| runs2 = [[Sachin Tendulkar|Tendulkar]] 44 (54)
| wickets2 = [[Mitchell Johnson (cricketer)|Johnson]] 2/24 (10 overs)
| result = India won by 5 wickets.
| report = [http://content-ind.cricinfo.com/cbs/engine/match/291362.html scorecard]
| venue = [[Melbourne Cricket Ground]], [[Melbourne]]
| umpires = [[Simon Taufel]] (Aus) & [[Rudi Koertzen]] (SA)
| motm = {{flagicon|India}} [[Ishant Sharma]]
| rain =
}}

[[File:Ricky Ponting&Dhoni toss.jpg|thumb|Dhoni and Ponting at the toss]]
Ponting won the toss and immediately elected to bat. Gilchrist was incorrectly given out LBW off Sreesanth on just the 4th ball of the day after getting an inside edge onto his pads. Hayden then smashed 25 from 21 balls before being caught at slip, leaving Australia at 2/37 after 5.2 overs. He had earlier edged over slips twice. Ponting edged a defensive bat to slip, then Clarke was caught at short mid wicket after walking across his stumps. Symonds also nicked a ball, to be caught brilliantly by wicketkeeper Dhoni, then Haddin was stumped from a wide delivery down leg side. Australia sunk to 6/92 after 25.5 overs with the tail now exposed. Lee survived 35 balls to support Hussey, but eventually edged Pathan to first slip. Johnson, Bracken and Clark were cleaned up for just 8 runs. This left Hussey stranded on 65 not out. Australia all out for just 159 runs after 43.1 overs. Sharma took 4/38 and Sreesanth took 3/31, both from 9 overs.

Australia needed wickets early, but it was Tendulkar scoring early boundaries to get India away to a great run a ball start. Bracken appeared to take Sehwag plumbed LBW on the replays, but it was given not out. A couple of balls later Bracken took Sehwag LBW again and was given out, despite replays showing it would have bounced well over the stumps. The bad umpiring continued when Tendulkar edged through to Gilchrist, but was given not out. Yet another umpiring mistake was made just a couple of balls later when Pathan was given out LBW, replays showing he inside edged, leaving India at 2–54 after 11.2 overs. Next Gambhir, Tendulkar and Yuvraj Singh were all caught, India looking shaky at 5–102 are 28.3 overs. Australia's bowling was tight (Clark 1/26 from 10, Johnson 2/24 from 10), but the job of defending such a meager target proved too much. Rohit Sharma (39 from 61) and Dhoni (17 from 54) combined well for a great winning partnership under a lot of pressure. India reached home with 5 wickets and 25 balls to spare.

===5th match: India v Sri Lanka===
{{Limited overs international|
| date = 12 February
| time = 10:00
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}
| score1 = 5/195 (29 overs)
| score2 = 2/154 (19 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|SRI}}
| runs1 = [[Rohit Sharma|R Sharma]] 70* (64)
| wickets1 = [[Farveez Maharoof|Maharoof]] 1/33 (6 overs)
| runs2 = [[Tillakaratne Dilshan|Dilshan]] 62* (59)
| wickets2 = [[Harbhajan Singh|H Singh]] 1/15 (4 overs)
| result = Sri Lanka won by 8 wickets ([[Duckworth-Lewis method|D/L Method]])
| report = [http://content-ind.cricinfo.com/cbs/engine/match/291363.html scorecard]
| venue = [[Manuka Oval]], [[Canberra]]
| umpires = [[Tony Hill (umpire)|Tony Hill]] (NZ) and [[Bruce Oxenford]] (Aus)
| motm = {{flagicon|Sri Lanka}} [[Tillakaratne Dilshan]]
| rain = Rain delayed the start of play. The game was reduced to 29 overs per side. Rain during the break further reduced Sri Lanka's innings to 21 overs, with a target of 154 to win.
}}

Early rain prevented the start of play, and the match was reduced to 29 overs per side when Sri Lanka won the toss and decided to put India in to bat. After a run-a-ball start, both Sehwag and Tendulkar were caught at third man while playing aggressive shots, India 2/49 after 8.2 overs. Rohit Sharma and Gautam Gambhir combined for 64 runs off 70 balls, before Gambhir was run out backing up. Sharma and Dhoni then teamed up for an impressive 68 from just 46 balls before Dhoni was also run out, India 4–181 off 27.4 overs. Yuvraj Singh chipped a ball to extra cover and India finished up 5/195 after the full 29 overs. Maharoof was the only bowler to go for less than 1 run per ball achieving 1/33 from 6 overs. Malinga was the most expensive going for 45 runs from 6 overs.

Jayasuriya got Sri Lanka away to an explosive start, smashing 2 sixes in the 3rd over off Sreesanth. 22 runs were scored in that over alone. Jayasuriya reached 27 runs from just 12 balls before gloving a pull shot to the keeper, Sri Lanka 1/45 after just 3.5 overs. Sangakkara was caught off Harbhajan Singh a few overs later. Dilshan (63* runs from 59 balls) and Jayawardene (36* from 35 balls) combined for an 85-run partnership to steer Sri Lanka to a comfortable 8 wicket victory with 2 overs to spare. Sreesanth ended up going for 48 runs off just 18 deliveries. Singh was the only bowler to go for under a run a ball taking 1/15 from 4 overs. Sri Lanka scored at more than 8 runs per over and lost just two wickets in completing their first victory of the series.

===6th match: Australia v Sri Lanka===
{{Limited overs international|
| date = 15 February
| time = 13:30
| daynight = yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|AUS}}
| score1 = 236 (49.4 overs)
| score2 = 173 (45.3 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|SRI}}
| runs1 = [[Adam Gilchrist|Gilchrist]] 118 (132)
| wickets1 = [[Lasith Malinga|Malinga]] 4/47 (9.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Kumar Sangakkara|Sangakkara]] 80 (114)
| wickets2 = [[Nathan Bracken|Bracken]] 3/21 (8 overs)
| result = Australia won by 63 runs
| report = [http://content-ind.cricinfo.com/cbs/engine/match/291364.html scorecard]
| venue = [[WACA Ground]], [[Perth]]
| umpires = D Harper, R Koertzen
| motm = {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Adam Gilchrist]]
| rain =
}}

Australia won the toss and elected to bat, the out field was fast and scores were expected to be around 280+. Hayden was lost early edging to square leg. Ponting got a run-a-ball 25 before yet again edging a defensive shot to slips. Gilchrist and Clarke combined for a 105 runs before Clarke was stumped after missing a Murili Delivery. Symonds edged through to the keeper in the next over and then Gilly brought up his century. He skied a pull shot to cover to finish on 118, Australia 5–206 after 43.2 overs, a slower than expected run-rate. Hussey and Hopes both got out after skying shots and the tail fell only managing to add a few runs, Australia all out for just 236 runs. Vaas bowled all of his 10 overs early taking 1/35, and Malinga took 4/47 from 9.4 overs.

Dilshan and Jayasuriya got off to an explosive start scoring 29 runs from the first 3 overs before Jayasuriya was caught in the deep. Johnson then bowled Dilshan with help of a slight inside edge. Jayawardene kept the runs flowing but edged straight to first slip, and Silva was caught specularly by Symonds, Sri Lanka 4–76 off 14 overs. Kapugedera tried to support Sangakkara but was caught playing a shot after managing a slow 29 from 60 balls. Maharoof tried to do the same and was also caught out. Vass was out first ball when he toed his first delivery straight into the air. The tail was then cleaned up leaving Sangakkara stranded on 80 until falling to a yorker from Brett Lee. A disappointing run chase by Sri Lanka, all out for just 173 runs, giving Australia a win by 63 runs and earning them another bonus point. Johnson took 3/29 from 10 and Bracken took 3/21 from 8 overs.

===7th match: Australia v India===
{{Limited overs international|
| date = 17 February
| time = 13:45
| daynight = yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|AUS}}
| score1 = 9/203 (50 overs)
| score2 = 153 (41.2 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}
| runs1 = [[Michael Clarke (cricketer)|Clarke]] 79 (108)
| wickets1 = [[Irfan Pathan|Pathan]] 4/41 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]] 37 (50)
| wickets2 = [[Mitchell Johnson (cricketer)|Johnson]] 3/42 (10 overs)
| result = Australia won by 50 runs
| report = [http://content-ind.cricinfo.com/cbs/engine/match/291365.html scorecard]
| venue = [[Adelaide Oval]], [[Adelaide]]
| umpires = AL Hill, PD Parker
| motm = {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Michael Clarke (cricketer)|Michael Clarke]]
| rain =
}}

Australia won the toss and elected to bat. Sharma bowled Gilchrist and then Ponting was caught at point. Hayden was then caught behind off Pathan and then Symonds was caught out also, Australia in trouble at 4–50 off 15.4 overs. Hussey was out quickly also and Hopes was stumped when he dropped his bat bringing Australia to 6–112 after 30 overs. Clarke and Hogg combined for an important 72 run partnership before both of them and Bracken were taken in 2 overs. Australia limping home with just 203 runs. Pathan took 4/41 from 10 overs and Sharma was very good taking 2/32 from 9 overs.

Tendulkar was out LBW to Bracken on a ball that looked a little high to take the stumps, India 1–20 from 4.4 overs. Pathan and Gambhir looked to steady before Gambhir, Pathan and Sharma all fell in just 4 runs, Hopes picking up two of the wickets. In trouble at 4–59 after 15.1 overs Dhoni and Singh combined until Yuvraj was caught in the deep trying to smash Hogg for six. Dhoni was injured and had to have a runner provided whom was runout by Hayden. Uthappa tried to find boundaries after he was 9 from just 30 balls, but fell after edging to Gilchrist after Harbhajan had skied bounced off his glove to also be caught out. This left Sreesanth, Sharma and Patel with 53 runs to get off 73 balls. The task was far too great for the tail who had almost no batting experience, India all out for 153, the score so low that Australia achieved their 3rd bonus point. Gilchrist was involved in 5 dismissals, Johnson took 3 for 42 and Bracken was very tidy with 2/21 from 7.2. Hopes was also impressive with 2/16 from just 6 overs.

===8th match: India v Sri Lanka===
{{Limited overs international|
| date = 19 February
| time = 13:45
| daynight = yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|SRI}}
| score1 = 6/238 (50 overs)
| score2 = 8/239 (49.1 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}
| runs1 = [[Kumar Sangakkara|Sangakkara]] 128 (155)
| wickets1 = [[Munaf Patel|Patel]] 1/38 (9 overs)
| runs2 = [[Yuvraj Singh]] 76 (70)
| wickets2 = [[Ishara Amerasinghe|Amerasinghe]] 3/49 (10 overs)
| result = India won by 2 wickets
| report = [http://content-ind.cricinfo.com/cbs/engine/match/291366.html scorecard]
| venue = [[Adelaide Oval]], [[Adelaide]]
| umpires = AL Hill, PD Parker
| motm = {{flagicon|Sri Lanka}} [[Kumar Sangakkara]]
| rain =
}}

The toss was won by Jayawardene, who elected to bat first and found himself in the middle quicker than expected as Sri Lanka lost two early wickets. Patel got Dilshan to edge to the keeper on just the 4th ball. Jayasuriya was then run out backing up at the non-striker's end when a straight drive from Sangakkara clipped the finger of the bowler before hitting the stumps. Sri Lanka were in early trouble at 6/2 in the third over. Sangakkara and Jayawardene then built a massive partnership of 159 runs and Sangakkara went on to score a century. Amazingly Jayawardene was then dismissed in the same way as Jayasuriya again from a Sangakkara straight drive deflecting off the bowler. Kapugedera was run out a few overs later after a mix-up putting Sri Lanka at 161/4 after 38.4 overs. Sangakkara was eventually out for 128 runs caught in the deep, and Silva also lost his wicket later trying for late runs. Sri Lanka 238/6 from the full 50 overs.

The run chase started badly for India when Tendulkar was bowled in the second over by Malinga. The poor start continued with two successive wickets which turned Indian score to 35/3 in 12th over. Yuvraj Singh's innings of 76 in 70 balls, however, put the Indian side back on track. He partnered first with Rohit Sharma and later with captain Dhoni to bring victory in sight. Sri Lanka managed to make their way back in the match by snapping 3 quick wickets. But a patient Dhoni, with his haul right till the end, made sure India won with just 5 balls remaining.

===9th match: Australia v Sri Lanka===
{{Limited overs international|
| date = 22 February
| time = 14:15
| daynight = yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|AUS}}
| score1 = 184/7 (50.0 overs)
| score2 = 77/4 (29.3 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|SRI}}
| runs1 = [[Michael Hussey|Hussey]] 64* (98)
| wickets1 = [[Farveez Maharoof|Maharoof]] 2/20 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Mahela Jayawardene|Jayawardene]] 27 (45)
| wickets2 = [[Stuart Clark|Clark]] 2/8 (5 overs)
| result = Australia won by 24 runs (D/L)
| report =
| venue = [[Melbourne Cricket Ground]], [[Melbourne]]
| umpires = Taufel, Koertzen
| motm = {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Michael Hussey]]
| rain = Rain stopped Sri Lanka's innings after 29.3 overs.
}}

Sri Lanka won the toss and sent Australia into bat, hoping to take advantage of the DL system by expecting later rain which should help Sri Lanka if they keep Australia to a low score and don't lose early wickets. Australia's top order continued its poor form to fall to 4–54 after 21.1 overs. Clarke and Hussey combined for a 90 run partnership but all batsmen struggled to achieve any high run rate, Australia finishing just 7/184 after the full 50 overs.

With rain expected Sri Lanka didn't need early wickets to fall, but two quick wickets saw Sri Lanka 2/3 after just 3.1 overs. Trying to increase the run-rate just cost more wickets and when the rain fell Sri Lanka were 4/77, some 24 runs behind the DL target. The 24 run win was enough for Australia to earn their 4th bonus point.

===10th Match: Australia v India===
{{Limited overs international|
| date = 24 February
| time = 14:15
| daynight = yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|AUS}}
| score1 = 7/317 (50 overs)
| score2 = 299 (49.1 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}
| runs1 = [[Ricky Ponting|Ponting]] 124 (133)
| wickets1 = [[Sreesanth]] 2/58 (8 overs)
| runs2 = [[Gautam Gambhir|Gambhir]] 113 (119)
| wickets2 = [[Brett Lee|Lee]] 5/59 (9.1 overs)
| result = Australia won by 18 runs
| report = [http://content-ind.cricinfo.com/cbs/engine/current/match/291368.html scorecard]
| venue = [[Sydney Cricket Ground]], [[Sydney]]
| umpires = [[Tony Hill (umpire)|Tony Hill]] (NZ) & [[Simon Taufel]] (Aus)
| motm = {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Ricky Ponting]]
| rain =
}}
Australia won the toss and elected to bat on a good batting pitch. Gilchrist fell early when he inside edged to the keeper, but Hayden and Ponting smashed Australia to 131 after 20.3 overs before Hayden was run-out. Clarke then combined with Ponting but was caught at square-leg, Australia 3–194 after 31.4 overs. Symonds then combined with Ponting, who brought up his century in their 102 run partnership. Both fell in the dying overs trying to push the score ever higher. Hopes and Lee were both run out on the last 2 balls while backing up. Australia finishing on 7/317, no team has ever chased down such a high total at the SCG.

Tendulkar was out LBW to Brett Lee in the first over. The top order collapsed about 8 overs later with Sehwag, Sharma and Singh all edging to be caught behind, India in huge trouble at 4/51 after 10.1 overs, Clarke taking early wickets. Gambhir however scored a century and was well supported by Dhoni, Uthappa, Pathan and Harbhajan Singh. At one point India were 7/290 with 27 needed from 15 balls, but Brett Lee then took the last 3 wickets, India were all out for 299 after 49.1 overs. It was the highest ever score batting second at the SCG.

===11th Match: India v Sri Lanka===
{{Limited overs international|
| date = 26 February
| time = 10:00
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|SRI}}
| score1 = 179 (47.1 overs)
| score2 = 3/180 (32.2 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}
| runs1 = [[Chamara Kapugedera]] 57 (86)
| wickets1 = [[Praveen Kumar (cricketer)|Praveen Kumar]] (4/31)
| runs2 = [[Sachin Tendulkar]] 63 (54)
| wickets2 = [[Dilruwan Perera]] (1/17)
| result = India won by 7 wickets
| report = [http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/cbs/engine/current/match/291369.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Bellerive Oval]], [[Hobart]]
| umpires = [[Rudi Koertzen]] (SA) and [[Simon Taufel]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Praveen Kumar (cricketer)|Praveen Kumar]] (Ind)
| rain =
}}

India won the toss and elected to field on a cloudy day. Sri Lankans were bowled out for 179 after 47.1 overs. India beat Sri Lanka by 7 wickets, scoring 180 losing 3 wickets in 32.2 overs. India secured its place in the finals against Australia.

===12th match: Australia v Sri Lanka===
{{Limited overs international|
| date = 29 February
| time = 14:15
| daynight = yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|SRI}}
| score1 = 221 (50 overs)
| score2 = 208 (48.1 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|AUS}}
| runs1 = [[Tillakaratne Dilshan|Dilshan]] 62 (70)
| wickets1 = [[Nathan Bracken|Bracken]] 4/29 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Adam Gilchrist|Gilchrist]] 83 (50)
| wickets2 = [[Ishara Amerasinghe|Amerasinghe]] 3/44 (10 overs)
| result = Sri Lanka won by 13 runs
| report = [http://content-www.cricinfo.com/cbs/engine/current/match/291370.html scorecard]
| venue = [[Melbourne Cricket Ground]], [[Melbourne]]
| umpires = Harper, Hill
| motm = {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Adam Gilchrist]]
| rain =
}}

Mathew Hayden was dropped from the side for bringing the Australian team into disrepute after making crude comments about Indian bowler Sharma. Sri Lanka won the toss and chose to bat. It was a good team effort on a difficult pitch to get to 221. Australia were cruising at 0/107 after 14.3 overs with Gilchrist on 83 from 50 balls. But then they lost all 10 wickets for just 101 runs to lose by 14 runs. It was an embarrassing display by the top order with Ponting, Clarke, Symonds and Hussey scoring 6 runs combined. A 35-run 10th wicket stand by Brett Lee and Johnson gave Australia a late chance to win the game, but Jayasuriya bowled Lee with his only delivery of the match. The win was too little too late for Sri Lanka, who finished their tour of Australia with a record of 0–2 in tests against Australia, 1–3 in ODI's against Australia, and 1–1–2 in ODIs against India. Sri Lanka went on to tour the West Indies in late March, whilst Australia played India in the best of three final series.

==Finals==

===1st final===
{{Limited overs international|
| date = 2 March 2008
| time = 14:15
| daynight = yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|AUS}}
| score1 = 8/239 (50 overs)
| score2 = 4/242 (45.5 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}
| runs1 = [[Matthew Hayden]] 82 (88)
| wickets1 = [[Harbhajan Singh]] 2/38 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Sachin Tendulkar]] 117 (120)
| wickets2 = [[James Hopes]] 2/42 (8.5 overs)
| result = India won by 6 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/cbs/engine/match/291371.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sydney Cricket Ground]], [[Sydney]]
| umpires = [[Rudi Koertzen]] (SA) and [[Daryl Harper]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Sachin Tendulkar]] (Ind)
| rain =
}}

Australia won the toss and decided to bat. Gilchrist and Ponting fell early and then Australia were in real trouble when Clarke was given out caught behind despite the ball hitting his pads and not his bat, Australia 3/24 after 5.5 overs. Hayden and Symonds combined for a 100 run partnership before they both fell to [[Harbhajan Singh]]. Hussey helped Australia to bat out the full 50 overs before getting out late. Brett Lee scored an important 17 from 10 balls to push Australia to 8/239 after the full 50 overs.

After a good start by India, Uthappa and Gambhir fell quickly to put India 2/54 after 12.4 overs. Singh fell putting India at 3–87, But Tendulkar and Sharma combined for a great 123 run partnership. Tendulkar got his first ODI century in Australia [http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/slvind/content/image/340687.html] then Sharma fell to the next ball, India 4/210 after 41.2 overs. Australia's pace attack was totally ineffective with Lee, Johnson and Bracken unable to take any wickets. Dhoni and Tendulkar then batted out the innings easily, India winning their first ever match at the SCG. Tendulkar batted from start to finish and won man of the match with 117 not out.

===2nd final===
{{Limited overs international|
| date = 4 March 2008
| time = 13:15
| daynight = yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}
| score1 = 9/258 (50 overs)
| score2 = 249 (49.4 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|AUS}}
| runs1 = [[Sachin Tendulkar]] 91 (121)
| wickets1 = [[Nathan Bracken]] 3/31 (9 overs)
| runs2 = [[James Hopes]] 63 (80)
| wickets2 = [[Praveen Kumar (cricketer)|Praveen Kumar]] 4/46 (10 overs)
| result = India won by 9 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/cbs/engine/match/291372.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[The Gabba]], [[Brisbane]]
| umpires = [[Tony Hill (umpire)|Tony Hill]] (NZ) and [[Simon Taufel]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Praveen Kumar (cricketer)|Praveen Kumar]] (Ind)
| rain}}

India won the toss and elected to bat on a track that looked like it would slow down as the day progresses. India got a good start but lost wickets quickly. Sachin Tendulkar played a composed innings of 91 in 121 balls before being caught by Ponting off a delivery by Clarke in the 40th over which lent India a defendable score of 258.

In their chase, Australia lost three early wickets Hayden and Symonds played well for the 4th wicket partnership which ended when Hayden was runout by the Yuvraj Singh / Harbhajan Singh combination in the 26th over. Symonds also got out in the same over (LBW by Harbhajan). Finally, James Hopes played a brilliant 63 to take the match down to the last over. He was the last man out. Praveen Kumar, who was also the MoM, was the pick of the bowlers with figures of 4/46 in 10 overs. India won the series without playing the last match of series by 2–0.

==Gallery==

<gallery>
File:Sachin Tendulkar (2666464239).jpg|[[Rohit Sharma]] warming up before the 4th ODI between Australia and India on 10 Feb 2008 at the [[Melbourne Cricket Ground|MCG]]
File:Matthew Hayden (2307390126).jpg|[[Matthew Hayden]] smashing [[Irfan Pathan]] for another boundary as [[MS Dhoni|Dhoni]] looks on
File:Hayden and Dhoni.jpg|[[India national cricket team|Indian]] wicketkeeper-captain [[MS Dhoni]] appeals for a [[Stumped|stumping]] against [[Matthew Hayden]].
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
*[http://www.espncricinfo.com/cbs/content/series/291340.html?template=fixtures Commonwealth Bank Series, 2007/08] on [[Cricinfo]]

{{International cricket tours of Australia}}
{{International cricket in 2007-08}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Commonwealth Bank Series (2007-08)}}
[[Category:International cricket competitions in 2007–08|Commonwealth Bank Series]]
[[Category:Australian Tri-Series]]
[[Category:2007–08 Australian cricket season|Commonwealth Bank Series]]

Gowravaram

2025-11-23T18:23:39Z

ShastaJfh707289: formatting fix

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Gowravaram
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in Andhra Pradesh|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[NTR district|NTR]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of mandals in Andhra Pradesh|Mandal]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Jaggayyapeta mandal|Jaggayyapeta]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Gowravaram
| governing_body =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name=crda>{{cite web|title=Declaration of A.P. Capital Region|url=https://andhranation.files.wordpress.com/2014/12/new-mandals-added-in-crda.pdf|website=Andhra Nation|publisher=Municipal Administration and Urban Development Department|accessdate=23 September 2015|date=22 September 2015|archive-date=10 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085549/https://andhranation.files.wordpress.com/2014/12/new-mandals-added-in-crda.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 10.32
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 4781
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name=census>{{cite web|title=District Census Handbook - Krishna |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2817_PART_B_DCHB_KRISHNA.pdf |website=Census of India |accessdate=7 February 2016 |page=16,202 }}{{dead link|date=March 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 521178
| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in India|Telephone code]]
| area_code = GVRM
| registration_plate = AP–16
| website =
| footnote =
}}

'''Gowravaram''' is a village in [[NTR district]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is located in [[Jaggayyapeta mandal]] of [[Vijayawada revenue division]].In the Route of NH65 <ref name="census" /><ref>{{cite web|title=District Level Mandal wise List of Villages in Andhra Pradesh |url=http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/krishna.pdf|website=Chief Commissioner of Land Administration|publisher=National Informatics Centre|accessdate=19 September 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010053343/http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/krishna.pdf|archivedate=10 October 2014|page=6}}</ref> It is one of the villages in the mandal to be a part of [[Andhra Pradesh Capital Region]].<ref name=crda />

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Villages in NTR district]]

{{AndhraPradesh-geo-stub}}

P. B. Sunil Kumar

2025-10-01T03:56:11Z

ShastaJfh707289: updated article after review for consistency

{{short description|Indian professor and administrator}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = P. B. Sunil Kumar
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| residence = [[Chennai district|Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| alma_mater = {{Unbulleted_list|[[University of Calicut]]|[[Raman Research Institute|Raman Research Institute, Bengaluru]]}}
| website = {{URL|https://physics.iitm.ac.in/sunil|Official website}}
| known_for = [[Soft matter]] and <br />[[Biological Physics]]
| profession = {{hlist|Professor|Administrator}}
| office1 = Director at [[IIT Palakkad|Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad]]
| term_start1 = January 2017<ref>{{cite news |title=Sunil Kumar is Palakkad IIT director |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/080117/sunil-kumar-is-palakkad-iit-director.html |access-date=14 August 2020 |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=8 January 2017 |language=en}}</ref>
| term_end1 = September 2022<ref>{{cite news |title=Seshadri Sekhar appointed director of IIT-Palakkad|url=https://www.thehindu.com/education/colleges/seshadri-sekhar-appointed-director-of-iit-palakkad/article65914447.ece |work=The Hindu |date=20 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 = Seshadri Sekhar
| office2 = [[Professor]] at [[IIT Madras|Indian Institute of Technology Madras]]
| term_start2 = {{Start date|2006||}}<ref name="a">{{cite web |title=INDIAN RESEARCH INFORMATION NETWORK SYSTEM Vidwan-ID: 10394 |url=http://iitm.irins.org/profile/10394 |website=irins.inflibnet.ac.in |publisher=IIT Madras |language=en}}</ref>
| term_end2 =
}}

'''P. B. Sunil Kumar''' is an Indian physicist, professor and the founding director of [[IIT Palakkad]], from January 2017 to September 2022. He also holds professorship<sup>(on lien)</sup> at Department of Physics, [[IIT Madras]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Department of Physics {{!}} Indian Institute Of Technology Madras, Chennai |url=https://physics.iitm.ac.in/sunil |website=physics.iitm.ac.in |publisher=IIT Madras |access-date=14 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref> He is known for his research on [[Soft matter]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Åström |first1=Jan A. |last2=Kumar |first2=P. B. Sunil |last3=Vattulainen |first3=Ilpo |last4=Karttunen |first4=Mikko |title=Strain hardening, avalanches, and strain softening in dense cross-linked actin networks |journal=Physical Review E |date=16 May 2008 |volume=77 |issue=5 |article-number=051913 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevE.77.051913 |pmid=18643108 |url=https://research.tue.nl/nl/publications/strain-hardening-avalanches-and-strain-softening-in-dense-crosslinked-actin-networks(f08cfb5c-ae2d-4284-bcc2-e0c1211f5fa4).html }}</ref> and [[Biological Physics]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Desikan |first1=Shubashree |title=A fully biocompatible cell-level motility engine |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/A-fully-biocompatible-cell-level-motility-engine/article17004921.ece |work=The Hindu |date=8 January 2017 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bagatolli |first1=Luis |last2=Kumar |first2=P. B. Sunil |title=Phase behavior of multicomponent membranes: Experimental and computational techniques |journal=Soft Matter |date=18 August 2009 |volume=5 |issue=17 |pages=3234–3248 |doi=10.1039/B901866B |language=en |issn=1744-6848}}</ref> He is an elected member of [[Kerala Science Congress]].<ref>{{cite web |title=About us – Kerala Science Congress |url=https://ksc.kerala.gov.in/about-us/ |website=ksc.kerala.gov.in |publisher=[[Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment|KSCSTE]], Government of Kerela |access-date=14 August 2020}}</ref>

==Awards and honors==
*Prof. M. V. Pylee Award (2019)<ref>{{cite news |title=PB Sunil Kumar bags MV Pylee Award |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2020/jul/08/pb-sunil-kumar-bags-mv-pylee-award-2166718.html |access-date=14 August 2020 |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref>
*Fellow of [[Indian Academy of Sciences]] (2016)<ref>{{cite web |title=Fellow Profile - Sunil Kumar, Prof. Palakurissi Balagopal |url=https://opsias.ias.ac.in/describe/fellow/Sunil_Kumar,_Prof._Palakurissi_Balagopal |website=opsias.ias.ac.in |publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences |access-date=14 August 2020}}</ref>
*Fellow of [[Indian National Science Academy]] (2023)<ref>{{cite web |title=Fellow Profile - Sunil Kumar, Prof. Palakurissi Balagopal |url=https://www.insaindia.res.in/ref3.php}}</ref>

==Selected bibliography==
===Books===
*{{cite book |last1=Deshpande |first1=Abhijit P. |last2=Krishnan |first2=J. Murali |last3=Kumar |first3=Sunil |title=Rheology of Complex Fluids |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-1-4419-6494-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iGQTp7v8OvQC&q=Rheology+of+Complex+Fluids |language=en|year=2010}}

====Chapter====
*Kumar P.B.S., Laradji M. (2018) [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-030-00630-3_20 Protein-Induced Morphological Deformations of Biomembranes]. In: Bassereau P., Sens P. (eds) ''Physics of Biological Membranes''. Springer, Cham.

===Selected articles===
*{{cite journal |last1=Kumar |first1=P. B. Sunil |last2=Rao |first2=Madan |title=Shape Instabilities in the Dynamics of a Two-Component Fluid Membrane |journal=Physical Review Letters |date=16 March 1998 |volume=80 |issue=11 |pages=2489–2492 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.2489|arxiv=cond-mat/9704171 |s2cid=119440752 }}
*{{cite journal |last1=Laradji |first1=Mohamed |last2=Sunil Kumar |first2=P. B. |title=Domain growth, budding, and fission in phase-separating self-assembled fluid bilayers |journal=The Journal of Chemical Physics |date=8 December 2005 |volume=123 |issue=22 |page=224902 |doi=10.1063/1.2102894|pmid=16375505 |arxiv=cond-mat/0602051 |s2cid=16373968 }}
*{{cite journal |last1=Sunil Kumar |first1=P. B. |last2=Gompper |first2=Gerhard |last3=Lipowsky |first3=Reinhard |title=Budding Dynamics of Multicomponent Membranes |journal=Physical Review Letters |date=23 April 2001 |volume=86 |issue=17 |pages=3911–3914 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.3911|pmid=11329355 |url=http://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/5221 |url-access=subscription }}
*{{cite journal |last1=Tripathy |first1=Madhusmita |last2=Kumar |first2=P. B. Sunil |last3=Deshpande |first3=Abhijit P. |title=Molecular Structuring and Percolation Transition in Hydrated Sulfonated Poly(ether ether ketone) Membranes |journal=The Journal of Physical Chemistry B |date=11 May 2017 |volume=121 |issue=18 |pages=4873–4884 |doi=10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b01045|pmid=28430444 |arxiv=1701.06746 |s2cid=4765743 }}
*{{cite journal |last1=Sachin Krishnan |first1=T. V. |last2=Das |first2=Sovan L. |last3=Kumar |first3=P. B. Sunil |title=Transition from curvature sensing to generation in a vesicle driven by protein binding strength and membrane tension |journal=Soft Matter |date=2019 |volume=15 |issue=9 |pages=2071–2080 |doi=10.1039/C8SM02623H|pmid=30734812 |s2cid=73420818 }}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, P. B. Sunil}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Institute of Technology directors]]
[[Category:University of Calicut alumni]]
[[Category:Kerala academics]]
[[Category:Academic staff of IIT Madras]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Academic-administrator-stub}}

1997–98 Santosh Trophy

2025-09-24T19:28:05Z

ShastaJfh707289: added new pg from scratch.

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox football tournament season
| title = Santosh Trophy
| year = 1997–98
| other_titles = National Football Championship
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| country = India
| dates = 16–27 April 1998
| num_teams = 8
| winners = [[West Bengal football team|Bengal]]
| count = 28
| second = [[Goa football team|Goa]]
| matches =
| goals =
| attendance =
| scoring_leader = Srikanta Dutta (4)<br/>Francis Silveira (4)
| award = Rajesh Kumar (Punjab)
| goalkeeper = Prasanta Dora (Bengal)
| prev_season = [[1996–97 Santosh Trophy|1996–97]]
| next_season = [[1998–99 Santosh Trophy|1998–99]]
}}
The '''1997–98 Santosh Trophy''' was the 54th edition of the [[Santosh Trophy]], the main [[States and union territories of India|State]] competition for [[football in India]]. It was held between 16 and 27 April 1998 in [[Guwahati]], [[Assam]]. In the final, Bengal beat Goa 1–0 in a repeat of the previous edition's final. It was their fifth consecutive win and 28th overall.<ref name="final">{{cite news |last1=Bose |first1=Saibal |title=Dutta heads Bengal's record win |url=http://www.expressindia.com/ie/daily/19980428/11850304.html |access-date=27 April 2022 |work=The Indian Express |date=28 April 1998 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040716145221/http://www.expressindia.com/ie/daily/19980428/11850304.html |archive-date=16 July 2004}}</ref>

== Group stage ==
=== Group A ===
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL
|source=[https://web.archive.org/web/20170718221923/http://www.indianfootball.de/seasons/1997-98st.html indianfootball.de]
|team1=PB |team2=GO |team3=AS |team4=SE
|result1=KO |result2=KO

|win_PB=2 |draw_PB=1 |loss_PB=0 |gf_KPB=8 |ga_PB=5
|win_GO=1 |draw_GO=2 |loss_GO=0 |gf_GO=5 |ga_GO=4
|win_AS=1 |draw_AS=1 |loss_AS=1 |gf_AS=5 |ga_AS=4
|win_SE=0 |draw_SE=0 |loss_SE=3 |gf_SE=2 |ga_SE=7

|name_PB=[[Punjab football team (India)|Punjab]]
|name_GO=[[Goa football team|Goa]]
|name_AS=[[Assam football team|Assam]]
|name_SE=[[Services football team|Services]]


|res_col_header=Q
|col_KO=#ccffcc |text_KO=Advance to [[#Semi-finals|Semi-finals]]
|class_rules = 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) goals scored; 4) head-to-head result.
}}

{{footballbox collapsible
|date= 17 April 1998
|time=
|team1= [[Punjab football team (India)|Punjab]]
|score= 2–1
|team2= [[Assam football team|Assam]]
|report= [https://web.archive.org/web/20041230005334/http://www.expressindia.com/ie/daily/19980418/10850574.html Report]
|goals1=
|goals2=
|stadium= [[Nehru Stadium, Guwahati|Nehru Stadium]], [[Guwahati]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date= April 1998
|time=
|team1= [[Services football team|Services]]
|score= 2–4
|team2= [[Punjab football team (India)|Punjab]]
|report=
|goals1=
|goals2=
|stadium= [[Nehru Stadium, Guwahati|Nehru Stadium]], [[Guwahati]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date= April 1998
|time=
|team1= [[Services football team|Services]]
|score= 0–2
|team2= [[Assam football team|Assam]]
|report=
|goals1=
|goals2=
|stadium= [[Nehru Stadium, Guwahati|Nehru Stadium]], [[Guwahati]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date= April 1998
|time=
|team1= [[Services football team|Services]]
|score= 0–1
|team2= [[Goa football team|Goa]]
|report=
|goals1=
|goals2=
|stadium= [[Nehru Stadium, Guwahati|Nehru Stadium]], [[Guwahati]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date= April 1998
|time=
|team1= [[Assam football team|Assam]]
|score= 2–2
|team2= [[Goa football team|Goa]]
|report=
|goals1=
|goals2=
|stadium= [[Nehru Stadium, Guwahati|Nehru Stadium]], [[Guwahati]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date= April 1998
|time=
|team1= [[Punjab football team (India)|Punjab]]
|score= 2–2
|team2= [[Goa football team|Goa]]
|report=
|goals1=
|goals2=
|stadium= [[Nehru Stadium, Guwahati|Nehru Stadium]], [[Guwahati]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}

=== Group B ===
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL
|source=[https://web.archive.org/web/20021107211812/http://indianfootball.de/seasons/1996-97st.html indianfootball.de]
|team1=MH |team2=BE |team3=KL |team4=RL
|result1=KO |result2=KO

|win_MH=2 |draw_MH=0 |loss_MH=1 |gf_MH=7 |ga_MH=2
|win_BE=1 |draw_BE=2 |loss_BE=0 |gf_BE=2 |ga_BE=1
|win_KL=0 |draw_KL=2 |loss_KL=1 |gf_KL=0 |ga_KL=3
|win_RL=0 |draw_RL=2 |loss_RL=1 |gf_RL=0 |ga_RL=3

|name_MH=[[Maharashtra football team|Maharashtra]]
|name_BE=[[West Bengal football team|Bengal]]
|name_KL=[[Kerala football team|Kerala]]
|name_RL=[[Railways football team|Railways]]


|res_col_header=Q
|col_KO=#ccffcc |text_KO=Advance to [[#Semi-finals|Semi-finals]]
|class_rules = 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) goals scored; 4) head-to-head result.
}}

{{footballbox collapsible
|date= 16 April 1998
|time=
|team1= [[Railways football team|Railways]]
|score= 0–0
|team2= [[Kerala football team|Kerala]]
|report= [https://web.archive.org/web/20041115005001/http://expressindia.com/ie/daily/19980417/10750224.html Report]
|goals1=
|goals2=
|stadium= [[Nehru Stadium, Guwahati|Nehru Stadium]], [[Guwahati]]
|attendance=100
|referee=
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date= April 1998
|time=
|team1= [[Maharashtra football team|Maharashtra]]
|score= 3–0
|team2= [[Railways football team|Railways]]
|report=
|goals1=
|goals2=
|stadium= [[Nehru Stadium, Guwahati|Nehru Stadium]], [[Guwahati]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date= April 1998
|time=
|team1= [[Maharashtra football team|Maharashtra]]
|score= 3–0
|team2= [[Kerala football team|Kerala]]
|report=
|goals1=
|goals2=
|stadium= [[Nehru Stadium, Guwahati|Nehru Stadium]], [[Guwahati]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date= 17 April 1998
|time=
|team1= [[Maharashtra football team|Maharashtra]]
|score= 1–2
|team2= [[West Bengal football team|Bengal]]
|report= [https://web.archive.org/web/20050120115739/http://www.expressindia.com/ie/daily/19980418/10850574.html Report]
|goals1= Subir Sinha {{goal|20|pen.}}
|goals2= Srikanta Dutta {{goal|12||?}}
|stadium= [[Nehru Stadium, Guwahati|Nehru Stadium]], [[Guwahati]]
|attendance=
|referee= M. Sridharan
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date= April 1998
|time=
|team1= [[West Bengal football team|Bengal]]
|score= 0–0
|team2= [[Kerala football team|Kerala]]
|report=
|goals1=
|goals2=
|stadium= [[Nehru Stadium, Guwahati|Nehru Stadium]], [[Guwahati]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date= April 1998
|time=
|team1= [[Railways football team|Railways]]
|score= 0–0
|team2= [[West Bengal football team|Bengal]]
|report=
|goals1=
|goals2=
|stadium= [[Nehru Stadium, Guwahati|Nehru Stadium]], [[Guwahati]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}

== Knockout stage ==
=== Semi-finals ===
{{football box
|date= April 1998
|time=
|team1= [[West Bengal football team|Bengal]]
|score= 2–1
|team2= [[Punjab football team (India)|Punjab]]
|report= [https://web.archive.org/web/20170718221923/http://www.indianfootball.de/seasons/1997-98st.html Report]
|goals1=
* [[Bhaichung Bhutia|Bhutia]] {{goal|2}}
* Srikanta Dutta {{goal|55}}
|goals2= [[Harjinder Singh (footballer)|H. Singh]] {{goal|87}}
|stadium= [[Nehru Stadium, Guwahati|Nehru Stadium]], [[Guwahati]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box
|date= April 1998
|time=
|team1= [[Goa football team|Goa]]
|score= 1–0
|aet=yes
|team2= [[Maharashtra football team|Maharashtra]]
|report= [https://web.archive.org/web/20170718221923/http://www.indianfootball.de/seasons/1997-98st.html Report]
|goals1= Francis Silveira {{goal|115}}
|goals2=
|stadium= [[Nehru Stadium, Guwahati|Nehru Stadium]], [[Guwahati]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}

=== Final ===
Bengal and Goa headed into their fifth Santosh Trophy final with the former winning every previous encounter, except the 1982–83 edition when the two were declared joint winners.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bose |first1=Saibal |title=Goa hold edge over Bengal |url=http://expressindia.com/ie/daily/19980427/11750414.html |publisher=The Indian Express |access-date=27 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060617233512/http://expressindia.com/ie/daily/19980427/11750414.html |archive-date=17 June 2006}}</ref>

{{football box
|date= 27 April 1998
|time=
|team1= [[West Bengal football team|Bengal]]
|score= 1–0
|team2= [[Goa football team|Goa]]
|report= [https://web.archive.org/web/20040716145221/http://www.expressindia.com/ie/daily/19980428/11850304.html Report]
|goals1= Srikanta Dutta {{goal|40}}
|goals2=
|stadium= [[Nehru Stadium, Guwahati|Nehru Stadium]], [[Guwahati]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}

== Awards ==
Winners Bengal won a cash prize of {{INR}}2.5 [[lakh]], while runners-up Goa received {{INR}}1.5 lakh. The losing semi-finalists Maharashtra and Punjab received {{INR}}1 lakh each. The awards included:<ref name="final"/>

* Top-scorers: Srikanta Dutta (Bengal), Francis Silveira (Goa); four goals each
* Best goalkeeper: Prasanta Dora (Bengal)
* Best player: Rajesh Kumar (Punjab)
* Fairplay Trophy: Punjab

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web |title=54th Santosh Trophy 1998 |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/seasons/1997-98st.html |publisher=indianfootball.de |access-date=27 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718221923/http://www.indianfootball.de/seasons/1997-98st.html |archive-date=18 July 2017}}

{{Santosh Trophy}}
{{1997–98 in Indian football}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1997-98 Santosh Trophy}}
[[Category:1997–98 in Indian football]]
[[Category:Santosh Trophy seasons]]

P. Longon

2025-08-12T13:28:18Z

ShastaJfh707289:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
'''Puthai Longon''' (born 1961)<ref name=":1" /> is an Indian politician from [[Nagaland]]. He is a four-time [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] from [[Noklak Assembly constituency]], which is reserved for [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]], in [[Noklak district|Noklak District]]. He won the [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]], representing Nationalist Congress Party.<ref>{{Cite web |last=News Desk |first=HT |date=2 March 2023 |title=Nagaland election result 2023: Full list of winners constituency-wise |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/nagaland-election-winner-list-2023-ndpp-bjp-winner-candidate-list-for-nagaland-assembly-election-2023-leading-trailing-candidate-party-101677731585125.html |access-date=5 November 2024 |website=www.hindustantimes.com}}</ref> He also served as a minister for 15 years and returned to electoral politics after a gap of five years in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=19 April 2023 |title=Noklak has four Ranges but share one kitchen: MLA Longon calls for unity |url=https://nagalandtribune.in/noklak-has-four-ranges-but-share-one-kitchen-mla-longon-calls-for-unity/ |access-date=6 November 2024 |website=Nagaland Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Longon calls on Health minister|url=https://nagalandpost.com/index.php/2016/11/29/longon-calls-on-health-minister/ |access-date=6 November 2024 |website=nagalandpost.com}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Longon meets union health minister|url=https://nagalandpost.com/index.php/2014/07/05/longon-meets-union-health-minister/ |access-date=6 November 2024 |website=nagalandpost.com}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Longon is from [[Noklak]], Nagaland. He is the son of late Puthai. He completed his B.A. in 1987 at Patkai College, [[North-Eastern Hill University|North Eastern Hill University]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Puthai Longon(Nationalist Congress Party(NCP)):Constituency- NOKLAK (ST)(TUENSANG) – Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/Nagaland2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=6901 |access-date=6 November 2024 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Longon won from the Noklak Assembly constituency representing [[Nationalist Congress Party]] in the 2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election. He polled 8,482 votes and defeated his nearest rival and sitting MLA, H. Haiying of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], by a margin of 734 votes.<ref name=":2" />

He first became an MLA winning the [[2003 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2003 Nagaland assembly election]] representing [[Naga People's Front]]. In 2003, he polled 5,736 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Sedem Khaming of the [[Indian National Congress]], by a margin of 943 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes AC: Winner Candidates of NPF for 2003 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/ac/detailwrank?stateac=33&emid=166&party=637&radio=ac |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref> He retained the seat for NPF, winning the [[2008 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]], where he defeated Khaming again, by 5,772 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Noklak Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/noklak-nagaland-assembly-constituency |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref> He won for a third consecutive term in the [[2013 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Puthai Longon in Nagaland Assembly Elections 2023 |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2023/nagaland/puthai-longon-noklak-candidate-s17a056c001/ |access-date=6 November 2024 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> In 2013, he polled 9,168 and defeated the Indian National Congress candidate, H. Haiying, by 3,305 votes.

However, in the [[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]], he lost as an NPF candidate to Haiying, who contested this time on the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] ticket.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nagaland Election: Noklak Assembly constituency result 2023 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/acno56-acno56.html |access-date=6 November 2024 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> He regained the seat, winning the [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2023 Assembly election]] after joining [[Nationalist Congress Party]] and became an MLA for the fourth time.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2023 |title=Nagaland Assembly Election results 2023: Check full list of winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/nagaland-assembly-election-results-2023-winners-8473973/ |access-date=6 November 2024 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Longon, P.}}
[[Category:1961 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Nationalist Congress Party politicians from Nagaland]]
[[Category:Naga People's Front politicians]]
[[Category:Nagaland MLAs 2003–2008]]
[[Category:Nagaland MLAs 2008–2013]]
[[Category:Nagaland MLAs 2013–2018]]
[[Category:Nagaland MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:People from Noklak district]]

Sucha Singh

2025-07-24T00:48:05Z

ShastaJfh707289:

'''Sucha Singh''' may refer to:

*[[Sucha Singh (athlete)]], Indian athlete
* [[Baba Sucha Singh]], Indian politician
* [[Sucha Singh Chhotepur]], Indian politician
* [[Sucha Singh Gill]], Indian economist
* [[Sucha Singh Langah]], Indian politician

== See also ==
* [[Sucha (disambiguation)]]
* [[Singh]], Indian surname


{{Disambiguation}}

Deh Shiva Bar Mohe Eha

2025-07-02T05:14:14Z

ShastaJfh707289: Put up first pg needs work!

{{Short description|Hymn authored by Guru Gobind Singh}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Infobox religious text|religion=[[Sikhism]]|name=Deh Shiva Bar Mohe Eha<br>{{small|ਦੇਹ ਸਿਵਾ ਬਰ ਮੋਹਿ ਇਹੈ}}|image=Deh Shiva Bar Mohe Ehe in the hand of Guru Gobind Singh.jpg|author=Guru Gobind Singh|caption=''Deh Shiva Bar Mohe Ehe'' in the penmenship of Guru Gobind Singh|title_orig=ਦੇਹ ਸਿਵਾ ਬਰ ਮੋਹਿ ਇਹੈ}} {{Dasam Granth sidebar}}

'''Deh Shiva Bar Mohe Eha''' ([[Gurmukhi]]: ਦੇਹ ਸਿਵਾ ਬਰ ਮੋਹਿ ਇਹੈ) is one of the most celebrated and widely quoted [[hymn|hymns]] by [[Guru Gobind Singh]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Grewal |first=J.S. |title=Guru Gobind Singh (1666–1708): Master of the White Hawk |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2019 |isbn=9780190990381 |edition=1st |quote=From the Chandi Charittar Ukti Bilas is the famous Savvayya starting with 'Deh Shiva bar mohe eha' (Give me the boon, O' Shiva).}}</ref>

== History ==
It is taken from the [[Chandi Charitar Ukti Bilas|Chandi Charitar Ukati Bilas]] composition of the [[Dasam Granth]], and is generally understood as being composed by Guru Gobind Singh.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |title=Indica, Volumes 40-41 |publisher=Heras Institute of Indian History and Culture, St. Xavier's College |year=2003 |pages=51}}</ref> It is written in the form of a [[quatrain]] or ''[[savaiya]]''.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Jagraj |title=A Complete Guide to Sikhism |publisher=Unistar Books |year=2009 |isbn=9788171427543 |pages=238}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Datta |first=Amaresh |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Devraj to Jyoti |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |year=1988 |isbn=9788126011940 |series=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature series |volume=2 |pages=1625 |quote=There are no special anthems in Punjabi. 'Jana gana mana.....' and 'Vande matram' being the national anthems of India, have been adopted in Punjab with equal fervour. The Sikh institutions, however, have also made "Deh Shiva bar mohe ehai......' a quatrain of Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Guru of the Sikhs, as the additional anthem.}}</ref> Sikh groups have incorporated it as a [[national anthem]] for Sikhs.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Dilgeer |first=Harjinder Singh |title=The Sikh Reference Book |publisher=Sikh Educational Trust for Sikh University Centre, Denmark |year=1997 |isbn=9780969596424 |pages=94 |quote=Some Sikhs, out of ignorance, began using " deh shiva bar mohe ihai shubh karman te kabhoon na taron ... " as the Sikh national anthem.}}</ref> The composition has been interpreted by some, such as Rajinder Sareen, as evidence that the Guru was a [[Shaivism|Shaivist]], but this has been disputed by others, such as Karnail Singh, as a misinterpretation of the meaning of the verses. Karnail Singh also claims that in-actuality, the hymn was written by ''Shyam'', allegedly one of the fifty two poets in the court of the tenth master.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Karnail |title=Fragments of Half a Century |publisher=Institute of Sikh Studies |year=2005 |isbn=9788185815251 |pages=79}}</ref> The work is used as a prayer within Sikh schools and the [[Sikh Regiment]] of the [[Indian Army]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Birinder Pal |title=Problem of Violence: Themes in Literature |publisher=Indian Institute of Advanced Study |year=1999 |isbn=9788185952611 |pages=111}}</ref> The composition is also a ''jaikara'' ([[battle cry]]) for Sikh warriors.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dang |first=Satyapal |title=Genesis of Terrorism: An Analytical Study of Punjab Terrorists |publisher=Patriot |year=1988 |isbn=9788170500674 |pages=45}}</ref>

==Translations and transliterations==
=== Gurmukhi script ===
{{Blockquote|text=ਦੇਹ ਸਿਵਾ ਬਰੁ ਮੋਹਿ ਇਹੈ ਸੁਭ ਕਰਮਨ ਤੇ ਕਬਹੂੰ ਨ ਟਰੋਂ ॥
ਨ ਡਰੋਂ ਅਰਿ ਸੋ ਜਬ ਜਾਇ ਲਰੋਂ ਨਿਸਚੈ ਕਰਿ ਅਪੁਨੀ ਜੀਤ ਕਰੋਂ ॥ <br/> ਅਰੁ ਸਿਖ ਹੋਂ ਆਪਨੇ ਹੀ ਮਨ ਕੌ ਇਹ ਲਾਲਚ ਹਉ ਗੁਨ ਤਉ ਉਚਰੋਂ ॥
ਜਬ ਆਵ ਕੀ ਅਉਧ ਨਿਦਾਨ ਬਨੈ ਅਤਿ ਹੀ ਰਨ ਮੈ ਤਬ ਜੂਝ ਮਰੋਂ ॥|author=ਗੁਰੂ ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਿੰਘ ਜੀ|title=}}

=== Devanagari script ===
{{Blockquote|text=देह शिवा बरु मोहि इहै सुभ (शुभ) करमन ते कबहूँ न टरों ॥
न डरों अरि सो जब जाइ लरों निसचै करि अपुनी जीत करों ॥ <br/> अरु सिख हों आपने ही मन कौ इह लालच हउ गुन तउ उचरों ॥
जब आव की अउध निदान बनै अति ही रन मै तब जूझ मरों ॥|author=गुरू गोबिंद सिंह जी|title=}}

=== Shahmukhi script ===
{{Blockquote|text={{Nastaliq|دیہہ شِوا بَرُ موہِ ایہے سُبھ (شُبھ) کَرَمَن تے کَبَہُو نہ ٹَرو؎-}}
{{Nastaliq| نہ ڈرو اَرِ سو جب جائی لَروں نِسَچَے کَرِ اَپُنی جِیت کَروں ؎۔}} <br/> {{Nastaliq|اَرُ سِکھ ہوں آپنے ہی من کَو اِیہہ لالَچ ہَؤُ گُن تَؤُ اُچَروں ؎-}}
{{Nastaliq|جب آوْ کی اَؤدھ نِدان بَنَے اَتِ ہی رَن مَے تب جُجھ مروں ؎۔}}|author={{Nastaliq|گُرو گوبِند سنگھ جی}}|title=}}

=== English translation ===

{{Blockquote|text=O Siva, (Epithet for the almighty) give me this boon,
May I never ever shirk from doing good deeds,
that I shall not fear when I go into combat.
And with determination I will be victorious.
That I may teach myself this creed alone,
to speak only of Thy (almighty) praises.
And when the last days of my life come,
I may die in the might of the battlefield.|author=Guru Gobind Singh|title=''Deh Shiva Bar Mohe Eha''}}

=== Latin script ===
{{Blockquote|text=Dēh śivā bar[u] moh[i] ihai subh (śubh) karaman tē kabb hu nā ṭarō̃ ॥

Nā ḍarō̃ ar[i] sō jab jāi larō̃ nisachai kar[i] ap[u]nī jīt karō̃ ॥

Ar[u] sikh hō̃ āpanē hī man kau ih lālač ha'u gun ta'u učarō̃ ॥

Jab āv kī a'udh nidān banē at[i] ran mai tab jūjh marō̃ ॥|author=Guru Gobind Sī̃ṅgh Jī|title=}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110808112424/http://www.sridasamgranth.com/ www.sridasamgranth.com]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080506043557/http://www.gobindsadan.org/dasamgranth/library/1897_report/ History and scripture of the Dasam Granth]
*[http://www.sikhnet.com/Sikhnet/Music.nsf/ace1374d5dbde2fa8725695300003f04/3b35c05008bfa610872568ab00061890!OpenDocument Recording by Atam Ras Kirtan]

{{Dasven Padshah Da Granth}}
{{Guru Gobind Singh}}
{{Sikhism}}

[[Category:Dasam Granth]]
[[Category:Hymns]]
[[Category:17th-century poems]]
[[Category:Indian poems]]
[[Category:Sikh music]]

Chhoti Jathani

2025-05-27T04:57:50Z

ShastaJfh707289:

{{Short description|Indian Punjabi television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Chhoti Jathani.jpg
| genre = [[Drama]]
| creator =
| developer =
| screenplay =
| story = Ashish Bhatt
| director = Gurpreet Rana <br> Swapnil Deshmukh
| country = India
| language = Punjabi
| num_episodes = 370
| location =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
| network = [[Zee Punjabi]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2021|6|14|df=yes}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2022|11|11|df=yes}}
| related = ''[[Tujhyat Jeev Rangala]]''
}}

'''Chhoti Jathani''' ({{Translation|Younger Elder Brother's Wife}}) is an Indian [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] [[drama]] television series that premiered from 14 June 2021 on [[Zee Punjabi]]. It is produced under the banner of [[Zee Studios]] and stars Gurjeet Singh Channi, Mandeep Kaur and Seerat Kapoor. It is an official remake of [[Marathi language|Marathi]] TV series ''[[Tujhyat Jeev Rangala]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zee Punjabi's new show 'Chhoti Jathani' ruling audience hearts and social media|url=https://www.yugmarg.com/news/32-zee-punjabis-new-show-%E2%80%98chhoti-jathani%E2%80%99-ruling-audience-hearts-and-social-media.aspx|access-date=2022-01-24|website=Yugmarg}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-12|title=ਜ਼ੀ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਦਾ ਨਵਾਂ ਸ਼ੋਅ 'ਛੋਟੀ ਜੇਠਾਣੀ' 14 ਜੂਨ ਤੋਂ ਹੋਵੇਗਾ ਪ੍ਰਸਾਰਿਤ|trans-title="Zee Punjabi's new show 'Chhoti Jathani' will go on air from June 14"|url=https://jagbani.punjabkesari.in/entertainment/news/chhoti-jathani-new-show-of-zee-punjabi-1293860|access-date=2022-01-24|website=Jagbani|language=pa}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.punjabnewsexpress.com/entertainment/news/shocking-bajwa-family-stunned-by-the-demise-of-this-family-member-172189|title=Shocking!! Bajwa family stunned by the demise of this family member|date=2022-07-04|website=Punjab News Express|access-date=2022-07-06}}</ref> It ended on 11 November 2022.

== Plot ==
Ajooni and Zorawar get married despite coming from different backgrounds. But the two faces problems in life when Zorawar's sister-in-law, Savreen, tries to establish her dominance in the household.<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.5dariyanews.com/news/381303-Chhoti-Jathanis-mystery-plot-deepens!!-Who-is-trying-to-abduct-Savreen|title=Chhoti Jathani's mystery plot deepens!! Who is trying to abduct Savreen?|date=2022-08-02|website=5 Dariya News|access-date=2023-11-16}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* Gurjeet Singh Channi as Zorawar Singh Bajwa, Ajooni's husband. (2021–2022)
* Mandeep Kaur as Ajooni Sidhu, Zorawar's wife. (2021–2022)
* Seerat Kapoor as Savreen Kaur Bajwa, Zorawar's sister-in-law. (2021–2022)
** Shivangi Shahi replaced Seerat Kapoor as Savreen Kaur Bajwa. (2021–2022)
* Nazish as Chanchal. (2021–2022)
* Abhishek Mehta as Jashan Singh Bajwa. (2021–2022)
* Amandeep as Channi Bua. (2021–2022)
* Vishal Saini as Navdeep Singh Bajwa. (2021–2022)
* Naresh Nikki as Professor Tib. (2021–2022)

== Adaptations ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%;"
|- style="color:white"
! style="background:Purple; width:10%;"| Language
! style="background:Purple; width:25%;"| Title
! style="background:Purple; width:20%;"| Original release
! style="background:Purple; width:10%;"| Network(s)
! style="background:Purple; width:10%;"| Last aired
! style="background:Purple; width:10%;"| Notes
|-
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| ''[[Tujhyat Jeev Rangala]]'' <br> तुझ्यात जीव रंगला
| 3 October 2016
| [[Zee Marathi]]
| 2 January 2021
| Original
|-
| [[Kannada]]
| ''[[Jodi Hakki (TV series)|Jodi Hakki]]'' <br> ಜೋಡಿ ಹಕ್ಕಿ
| 13 March 2017
| [[Zee Kannada]]
| 5 July 2019
| rowspan="4"| Remake
|-
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| ''[[Rekka Katti Parakkudhu Manasu]]'' <br> றெக்கை கட்டி பறக்குது மனசு
| 19 June 2017
| [[Zee Tamil]]
| 24 May 2019
|-
| [[Malayalam]]
| ''[[Alliyambal]]'' <br> അല്ലിയാമ്പൽ
| 26 November 2018
| [[Zee Keralam]]
| 9 November 2019
|-
| [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| ''Chhoti Jathani'' <br> ਛੋਟੀ ਜਠਾਣੀ
| 14 June 2021
| [[Zee Punjabi]]
| 11 November 2022
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt18305720}}
* [https://www.zee5.com/tv-shows/details/chhoti-jathani/0-6-3324 ''Chhoti Jathani''] at [[ZEE5]]

{{Zee Punjabi}}

[[Category:2021 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Zee Punjabi original programming]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Remakes of Indian television series]]

Daiva marriage

2025-05-19T09:11:57Z

ShastaJfh707289:

{{Short description|Form of marriage described in Hindu texts}}

The '''Daiva marriage''' ({{Langx|sa|दैवविवाह|translit=Daivavivāha}})<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2016-09-03 |title=Daivavivaha, Daivavivāha, Daiva-vivaha: 2 definitions |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/daivavivaha |access-date=2022-11-23 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref> is a righteous form of marriage. It is a form of marriage unique to the ancient [[Brahmin|Brahmins]], where a man gifts his richly bedecked daughter's hand in marriage to a priest who officiates at the former's sacrifice ceremony, in lieu of paying the latter a nominal sacrificial fee. This form of a marriage, ranked as the second most meritorious, is regarded to redeem the sins of seven ascendants and descendants. It is called such because it is believed to be worthy of the [[Deva (Hinduism)|devas]] themselves.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Banerjee |first=Sir Gooroodass |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q0gOAAAAQAAJ&dq=daiva+marriage&pg=PA81 |title=The Hindu Law of Marriage and Stridhan |date=1879 |publisher=Thacker, Spink |pages=81–82 |language=en}}</ref> It is featured in the [[Manusmriti]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Ganganatha |date=2016-10-28 |title=Manusmriti Verse 3.27 |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/manusmriti-with-the-commentary-of-medhatithi/d/doc199802.html |access-date=2022-10-16 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref>

==Examples==
The practice was followed by many royals in ancient times to forge diplomatic ties with allies and enemies (after getting defeated) alike by giving away their daughters can also be considered as this type of marriage. Giving away of [[Uttarā (Mahabharata)|Uttara]] by her father, the king [[Virata]] of [[Matsya Kingdom|Matsya]] to [[Arjuna]] as his daughter-in-law is one such example.

==References==
{{Reflist}}{{Marriage in Hinduism}}
[[Category:Marriage in Hinduism]]
[[Category:Family]]
[[Category:Social institutions]]
[[Category:Vedic customs]]

Murarisha

2025-05-09T19:15:22Z

ShastaJfh707289: Started A Stub

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Murarisha
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = Chowmatha.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Market on roadside from South to North view
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22|34|25|N|88|50|30|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[North 24 Parganas]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Community development block|Block]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Hasnabad (community development block)|Hasnabad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| leader_title2 = MP
| leader_name2 = [[Idris Ali (politician)|Idris Ali]]
| leader_title3 = MLA
| leader_name3 = Rafikul Islam Mondal<ref>{{cite web |url=http://north24parganas.gov.in/n24p/page.php?nm=mp_mla |title=MLAs of North 24 parganas |access-date=18 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118020218/http://north24parganas.gov.in/n24p/page.php?nm=mp_mla |archive-date=18 January 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 5,659
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time]] (IST)
| utc_offset1 = 5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number]] (PIN)
| postal_code = 743456
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 03217
| registration_plate = WB26
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Basirhat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Basirhat]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Basirhat Uttar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Basirhat Uttar]]
| website = {{URL|north24parganas.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Murarisaha''' is a village and a [[gram panchayat]] in [[Hasnabad (community development block)|Hasnabad]] [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] in [[Basirhat subdivision]] of [[North 24 Parganas district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=370| height=600| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|22|32|0|N|88|49|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in Basirhat subdivision, North 24 Parganas district'''<br/> M: municipal town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre<br/>Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1= {{coord|22|26|48|N|88|59|0|E}}|label-pos1=bottom|label1= Bankra | numbered1=CT| mark-title1=[[Bankra, North 24 Parganas]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|22|30|44|N|88|45|5|E}} | label-pos2=top|label2= Balihati| numbered2=CT| mark-title2=[[Balihati]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|22|38|25|N|88|53|39|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3= Dandirhat| numbered3=CT| mark-title3=[[Dandirhat]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|22|50|29|N|88|45|56|E}} | label-pos4=top|label4= Dakshin Chatra| numbered4=CT| mark-title4=[[Dakshin Chatra]] (CT)
|mark-coord5={{coord|22|52|52|N|88|46|32|E}} | label-pos5=top|label5= Deora| numbered5=CT| mark-title5=[[Deora, North 24 Parganas]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|22|42|30|N|88|45|26|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6= Dhanyakuria| numbered6=CT| mark-title6=[[Dhanyakuria]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|22|28|14|N|88|59|0|E}} | label-pos7=left|label7= Hingalganj| numbered7=CT| mark-title7=[[Hingalganj, North 24 Parganas]] (CT)
|mark-coord8={{coord|22|40|30|N|88|54|54|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= Itinda| numbered8=CT| mark-title8=[[Itinda]] (CT)
|mark-coord9={{coord|22|30|18|N|88|43|52|E}} | label-pos9=bottom|label9= Minakhan| numbered9=CT| mark-title9=[[Minakhan, North 24 Parganas]] (CT)
|mark-coord10={{coord|22|41|15|N|88|48|53|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10= Mathurapur| numbered10=CT| mark-title10=[[Mathurapur, North 24 Parganas]] (CT)
|mark-coord11={{coord|22|41|35|N|88|50|0|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11= Raghunathpur| numbered11=CT| mark-title11=[[Raghunathpur, North 24 Parganas]] (CT)
|mark-coord12={{coord|22|32|54|N|88|49|7|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12= Sadigachhi| numbered12=CT| mark-title12=[[Sadigachhi]] (CT)
|mark-coord13={{coord|22|38|28|N|88|52|10|E}} | label-pos13=left|label13= Uttar Bagundi| numbered13=CT| mark-title13=[[Uttar Bagundi]] (CT)
|mark-coord14={{coord|22|44|24|N|88|47|45|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14= Baduria| numbered14=M| mark-title14=[[Baduria]] (M) | shape-color14= #800000
|mark-coord15={{coord|22|40|25|N|88|51|15|E}} | label-pos15=left|label15= Basirhat| numbered15=M| mark-title15=[[Basirhat]] (M) | shape-color15= #800000
|mark-coord16={{coord|22|35|24|N|88|54|36|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16= Taki| numbered16=M| mark-title16=[[Taki (India)]] (M) | shape-color16= #800000
|mark-coord17={{coord|22|49|27|N|88|51|22|E}} | label-pos17=left|label17= Swarupnagar| numbered17=R| mark-title17= [[Swarupnagar, North 24 Parganas]] (R) |shape-color17=#C40000
|mark-coord18={{coord|22|30|10|N|88|41|55|E}} | label-pos18=left|label18= Bamanpukuria| numbered18=R| mark-title18= [[Bamanpukuria]] (R) |shape-color18=#C40000
|mark-coord19={{coord|22|40|23|N|88|56|46|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19= Ghojadanga| labela19=check post| numbered19=R| mark-title19= [[Ghojadanga]] (R) |shape-color19=#C40000
|mark-coord20={{coord|22|36|37|N|88|40|38|E}} | label-pos20=left|label20= Haroa| numbered20=R| mark-title20= [[Haroa, North 24 Parganas]] (R) |shape-color20=#C40000
|mark-coord21={{coord|22|34|30|N|88|55|2|E}} | label-pos21=right|label21= Hasnabad| numbered21=R| mark-title21= [[Hasnabad]] (R) |shape-color21=#C40000
|mark-coord22={{coord|22|12|58|N|88|58|53|E}} | label-pos22=top|label22= Hemnagar| numbered22=R| mark-title22= [[Hemnagar, North 24 Parganas]] (R) |shape-color22=#C40000
|mark-coord23={{coord|22|44|12|N|88|46|20|E}} | label-pos23=left|label23= Iswarigachha| numbered23=R| mark-title23= [[Iswarigachha]] (R) |shape-color23=#C40000
|mark-coord24={{coord|22|25|18|N|88|52|10|E}} | label-pos24=left|label24= Kalinagar| numbered24=R| mark-title24= [[Kalinagar, North 24 Parganas]] (R) |shape-color24=#C40000
|mark-coord25={{coord|22|30|29|N|88|46|7|E}} | label-pos25=right|label25= Malancha| numbered25=R| mark-title25= [[Malancha, Basirhat]] (R) |shape-color25=#C40000
|mark-coord26={{coord|22|42|10|N|88|46|15|E}} | label-pos26=right|label26= Matia| numbered26=R| mark-title26= [[Matia, North 24 Parganas]] (R) |shape-color26=#C40000
|mark-coord27={{coord|22|34|25|N|88|50|30|E}} | label-pos27=left|label27= Murarisha| numbered27=R| mark-title27= Murarisha (R) |shape-color27=black| label-size27=13|label-color27=black 
|mark-coord28={{coord|22|26|37|N|88|50|32|E}} | label-pos28=left|label28= Nazat| numbered28=R| mark-title28= [[Nazat]] (R) |shape-color28=#C40000
|mark-coord29={{coord|22|26|48|N|88|57|19|E}} | label-pos29=left|label29= Sandelerbil| numbered29=R| mark-title29= [[Sandelerbil]] (R) |shape-color29=#C40000
|mark-coord30={{coord|22|21|59|N|88|52|15|E}} | label-pos30=right|label30= Sandeshkhali| numbered30=R| mark-title30= [[Sandeshkhali]] (R) |shape-color30=#C40000
|mark-coord31={{coord|22|50|18|N|88|52|3|E}} | label-pos31=left|label31= Sarapul| numbered31=R| mark-title31= [[Sarapul, North 24 Parganas]] (R) |shape-color31=#C40000
|mark-coord32={{coord|22|32|0|N|88|57|0|E}} | label32= Ichhamati |labela32= River| label-color32 = #77A1CB| label-angle32= 80| label-pos32=right| label-size32=10| mark-size32=0| mark-title32 =none
|mark-coord33={{coord|22|33|0|N|88|53|40|E}} | label33= Raimangal River| label-color33 = #77A1CB| label-angle33= 95| label-pos33=right| label-size33=10| mark-size33=0| mark-title33 =none
|mark-coord34={{coord|22|23|30|N|88|49|40|E}} | label34= Burokalabati |labela34 =River| label-color34 = #77A1CB| label-angle34= 50| label-pos34=right| label-size34=10| mark-size34=0| mark-title34 =none
|mark-coord35={{coord|22|36|0|N|88|40|0|E}} | label35= Bidyadhari |labela35 =River| label-color35 = #77A1CB| label-angle35= 90| label-pos35=right| label-size35=10| mark-size35=0| mark-title35 =none
|arc-coordA={{coord|22|33|0|N|89|0|0|E}}|arc-textA= BANGLADESH| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=50| arc-gapA=5.5| arc-radiusA=0.35}}

===Area overview===
The area shown in the map is a part of the Ichhamati-Raimangal Plain, located in the lower [[Ganges Delta]]. It contains soil of mature black or brownish [[loam]] to recent [[alluvium]]. Numerous rivers, creeks, and ''khals'' criss-cross the area. The tip of the [[Sundarbans National Park]] is visible in the lower part of the map (shown in green but not marked). The larger full screen map shows the full forest area.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1911_PART_A_DCHB_NORTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf |title = District Census Handbook North Twenty Four Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Page 13 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 16 April 2018}}</ref> A large section of the area is a part of the [[Sundarbans settlements]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | title = District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas | work = Chapter 9: Sundarbans and the Remote Islanders, p 290-311 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009 | access-date = 3 November 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161005044029/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | archive-date = 5 October 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref> The densely populated area is an overwhelmingly rural area. Only 12.96% of the population lives in the urban areas and 87.04% of the population lives in the rural areas.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook |work = North 24 Parganas 2013, Tables 2.1, 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 2 May 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |archive-date = 2019-01-21 |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1911_PART_A_DCHB_NORTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf |title = District Census Handbook North Twenty Four Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Map of North Twenty Four Parganas with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fifth page) | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 2 May 2018}}</ref>

===Weather===
The weather of Murarisha is similar to other places in [[West Bengal]], with a tropical climate, specifically a tropical wet and dry climate(Aw) under the Köppen climate classification, with seven months of dryness and peak of rains in July. The cooler season from December to February is followed by the [[Summer|summer season]] from March to June. The period from June to about the end of September constitutes the [[Monsoon|south-west monsoon season]], and October and November form the [[Monsoon|post-monsoon season]]. Between June and September, the south west monsoon rains lash the village. [[Monsoon|Pre-monsoon]] showers are received in May. Occasionally, [[Monsoon|north-east monsoon]] showers occur in October and November.

The maximum annual rainfall ever recorded was 1500 mm. The highest rainfall recorded in a single day was 850 mm. The average total annual rainfall is 1500 mm. The average annual temperature is 32 °C, and the average maximum temperature is 35 °C, while the average minimum temperature is 28 °C. In the summer the temperature is up to 35 °C, but in winter it drops to approximately 10 °C. Annual rainfall is about 1500 mm.

===Geographical state===
It belongs to [[Presidency division]]. It is located 55 km towards East from District headquarters [[Barasat]]. It is also 65 km from State capital [[Kolkata]].<ref>{{cite web|title =Soki.in | url =http://soki.in/murarisha-hasnabad-24-paraganas-north/}}</ref>

==Demographics==
As per the 2011 Indian census, Murarisha had a population of about 5659 persons living in around 1006 households.

==Transport==
Murarisha can be reached through various ways. It can be reached from major city Kolkata through Taki road. Murarisha is just 11 km from Basirhat railway station. [[Hasnabad railway station]], Taki Road Railway Station are the nearby railway stations to Murarisha village. However Sealdah and [[Howrah Junction railway station]]s are major railway stations 65 km near Murarisha. [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport]] is 54 km from Murarisha. It also can be reached from Kolkata by bus from Razabazar CTC stands. These buses run through the Ghatakpukur-Malanchow-Chowmatha line, which takes just over two hours.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{North 24 Parganas District}}
{{North 24 Parganas topics}}

[[Category:Villages in North 24 Parganas district]]

Kotak Mahindra General Insurance

2025-03-19T07:47:58Z

ShastaJfh707289: Updated entries and formatting

#REDIRECT [[Zurich Insurance Group#Zurich Kotak General Insurance Company]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Othello (2014 film)

2025-03-11T08:54:30Z

ShastaJfh707289: added a data...

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{infobox film
| name = Othello
| image =
| caption = Othello First look poster
| director = Hemanta Kumar Das
| producer = [[Manabendra Adhikary]]
| screenplay = Ranjit Sharma
| story =
| writer = Ranjit Sharma
| cinematography = Nahid
| music = [[Tarali Sarma]]
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Jupitora Bhuyan]]
* Arup Baishya
* Arun Nath
}}
| studio = Artha Films
| distributor =
| editing =
| released = {{film date|df=yes|2014|||[[International Film Festival of India]]|2017|3|31}} (Theatrical)
| country = India
| language = Assamese
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Othello''''' is a 2014 Indian [[Assamese language]] [[drama film]] directed by Hemanta Kumar Das and produced by [[Manabendra Adhikary]] under the banner of Artha Films.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RxaGDwAAQBAJ&dq=Othello+2014+Hemanta+Kumar+Das&pg=PT487 |title=Shakespeare and Indian Cinemas: "Local Habitations" - Google Books |date= 6 August 2018|isbn=9781317367000 |accessdate=2022-09-14|last1=Trivedi |first1=Poonam |last2=Chakravarti |first2=Paromita |publisher=Routledge }}</ref> the film features [[Jupitora Bhuyan]] and Arup Baishya in lead roles.

Assamese feature film Othello has won the award for best screenplay in the Indian Cine Film Festival-14 held in Mumbai today, a press release stated. The film has story and screenplay by Ranjit Sarma. With music by Tarali Sarma, the film has been directed by Hemanta Kumar Das. The cinematography is by Nahid. Othello was selected in ‘Indian Showcase’ Jagran Film Festival, Mumbai along with 24 other Indian films.

This is the first Assamese film which has a call girl as its lead woman character, claims Ranjit Sarma.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kothasobi.com/movie/othello-assamese-film-portraying-life-perennial-river/|title=Othello a Assamese film portraying life perennial river|access-date=26 March 2017|website=kothasobi.com}}</ref>

==Release==

The film was screened at the Indian Panorama section in the International Film Festival of India in Goa <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.magicalassam.com/2015/02/assamese-film-othello-won-award-noida-international-film-festival.html/amp|title=Othello won the Best film in NOIDA INTERNATIONAL FILM FESTIVAL|website=magicalassam.com|access-date=27 March 2017}}</ref> in November, 2014. The film will be released in theatres across Assam during the Rongali Bihu.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt8523050}}

{{National Film Award Best Feature Film Assamese}}

[[Category:Best Assamese Feature Film National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:2010s Assamese-language films]]

{{Assamese-film-stub}}

Geography of Kollam

2025-03-03T03:14:40Z

ShastaJfh707289: Put up the pg needs work!

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
[[File:View of Kollam City from Asramam Adventure Park.jpg|right|thumb|View of [[Ashtamudi Lake]] and [[Kollam]] city]]
City of '''[[Kollam]]''' or '''[[Quilon]]''' is a Port city in [[South India]] and was the commercial capital of erstwhile [[Travancore|Kingdom of Travancore]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.swathithirunal.in/articles/hitryswling.htm |title=History of Swathi Thirunal's Lineage |access-date=28 December 2015}}</ref> It is situated on the [[Laccadive Sea]] coast of South Kerala. The city is known as the "Gateway to the backwaters of Kerala".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.delhitourism.com/geography/maps/kollam-map.html |title=Kollam - Delhi Tourism |access-date=28 December 2015 |archive-date=31 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031174109/https://www.delhitourism.com/geography/maps/kollam-map.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The city lies on the banks of [[Ashtamudi Lake]], [[Kerala]]'s second largest lake, on the Arabian sea coast.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.keralatourism.org/destination/ashtamudi-backwaters/426 |title=Backwater stretches of Ashtamudi - DTPC Kerala |access-date=28 December 2015}}</ref> Major parts of Kollam city are covered by [[Ashtamudi Lake]].

==Geographic Location==
[[File:Ashtamudi Lake in Kollam city, Nov 2015.jpg|right|thumb|[[Ashtamudi Lake]] view from [[Adventure Park, Kollam|Asramam Adventure Park]]]]
The city of [[Kollam]] lies at {{Coord|8.887082|N|76.590691|E|}} with an average altitude of 3 metres. The average rainfall is 270 cm yearly.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/13/Kollam.html |title=Kollam, India Page - Fallingrain.com |access-date=28 December 2015}}</ref> The city is surrounded by [[Arabian Sea]] in the west, [[Ashtamudi Lake]] and [[Panchayati raj in India|panchayat]]s of [[Neendakara]] and [[Thrikkaruva]] in north, [[Mayyanad]] [[Panchayati raj in India|panchayat]] in the south and [[Thrikkovilvattom]] and [[Kottamkara]] [[Panchayati raj in India|panchayat]]s in east. The Kollam coast is a blessed coastal belt with the best mineral sand deposit of the country.<ref name="Indian Rare Earths Limited IREL">{{cite web |url=http://www.irel.gov.in/scripts/unit.asp |title=Indian Rare Earths Limited (IREL) |access-date=28 December 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113114214/http://www.irel.gov.in/scripts/unit.asp |archive-date=13 January 2016 }}</ref> The backwaters of Ashtamudi, thick mangroves on its coasts, beaches, estuaries, scattered [[Islands of Kollam|islands]] and pleasant climate are making Kollam as one of the best sea side tourist destinations in [[Kerala]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mapsofindia.com/kollam/geography/ |title=Kollam - Maps of India |access-date=28 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.keralatourism.org/destination/kollam-beach/542 |title=Kerala Tourism - Kollam Beach |access-date=28 December 2015}}</ref>

==Climate==
The maximum average temperature of the city in the summer season is 31 degree Celsius and the minimum temperature recorded is 23 degrees Celsius. Under the [[Köppen climate classification]], the city features a [[Tropical monsoon climate]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weather2travel.com/holidayweather/india/kerala/kollam.php |title=Weather2travel.com - Kollam |access-date=28 December 2015}}</ref>

{{Weather box
|location= Kollam
|metric first= yes
|single line= yes

|Jan high C= 31
|Feb high C= 31
|Mar high C= 32
|Apr high C= 32
|May high C= 31
|Jun high C= 29
|Jul high C= 29
|Aug high C= 29
|Sep high C= 29
|Oct high C= 30
|Nov high C= 29
|Dec high C= 30

|Jan low C= 23
|Feb low C= 23
|Mar low C= 25
|Apr low C= 26
|May low C= 25
|Jun low C= 24
|Jul low C= 24
|Aug low C= 24
|Sep low C= 24
|Oct low C= 24
|Nov low C= 24
|Dec low C= 23

|Jan precipitation mm= 18
|Feb precipitation mm= 26
|Mar precipitation mm= 53
|Apr precipitation mm= 147
|May precipitation mm= 268
|Jun precipitation mm= 518
|Jul precipitation mm= 381
|Aug precipitation mm= 248
|Sep precipitation mm= 209
|Oct precipitation mm= 300
|Nov precipitation mm= 208
|Dec precipitation mm= 51

|Jan precipitation days= 1
|Feb precipitation days= 2
|Mar precipitation days= 4
|Apr precipitation days= 8
|May precipitation days= 11
|Jun precipitation days= 21
|Jul precipitation days= 19
|Aug precipitation days= 16
|Sep precipitation days= 12
|Oct precipitation days= 12
|Nov precipitation days= 8
|Dec precipitation days= 3
|unit precipitation days= 0.1 mm

|source= [http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/india/kerala/kollam.php Weather2Travel]
|date= May 2012
}}

==Landforms and Waterbodies==
{{wide image|Tangasseri Panorama, Mar 2016.jpg|1950px|Panorama of [[Tangasseri]]}}
[[File:Boating at Kollam, Nov 2015.jpg|right|thumb|View of [[Ashtamudi Lake]] from [[Adventure Park, Kollam|Adventure Park]] boat jetty in [[Asramam]]]]
Kollam is known as the ''Prince of Arabian Sea''. Several beaches, estuaries, backwaters and islands are there in the city. In 2015, [[Kollam]] got selected as the least polluted city in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.india.com/lifestyle/the-4-least-polluted-cities-in-india-757032/ |title=The 4 Least Polluted Cities in India - India.com |date=7 December 2015 |access-date=30 December 2015}}</ref> The mineral sand deposit in Kollam coasts worth several thousand [[crores]] of [[Indian rupee]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://infochangeindia.org/environment/features/losing-the-sand-beneath-their-feet.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524001155/http://infochangeindia.org/environment/features/losing-the-sand-beneath-their-feet.html |url-status=usurped |archive-date=24 May 2015 |title=Losing the sand beneath their feet - infochange |access-date=30 December 2015}}</ref>

===Islands of Kollam===
{{Main|Islands of Kollam}}
A good number of scattered islands are there in [[Ashtamudi Lake]] in [[Kollam]]. These islands are the real beauty of [[Ashtamudi Lake|Kollam backwaters]]. Most of these islands are potential tourism spots in the [[Kerala|state]]. Even [[Indian Railways]] also planning to develop one of the islands in [[Kollam]] for a tourism project.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Bhushi-dam-area-may-get-a-holiday-resort/articleshow/38503817.cms |title=Bhushi dam area may get a holiday resort - Times of India |access-date=30 December 2015}}</ref> There are big as well as small islands which are inhabited and uninhabited by human beings. The important islands in [[Kollam]] are:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ashtamudilake.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090814152442/http://www.ashtamudilake.com/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=14 August 2009 |title=KOLLAM - THE PRINCE OF ARABIAN SEA - The Hindu |access-date=30 December 2015}}</ref>
[[File:A top view of Ashtamudi backwaters.jpg|right|thumb|[[Ashtamudi Lake|Ashtamudi backwaters]] - View from [[RP Mall, Kollam|RP Mall]]]]
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Munroe Island]]
* [[Chavara Thekkumbhagom]]
* St. Sebastian Island
* San Thome Island
* Vincent Island<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/mangrove-swathes-in-two-districts-to-become-efl/article7060273.ece |title=Select mangrove swathes to become EFL |publisher=The Hindu |access-date=30 December 2015}}</ref>
* Our Lady of Fatima Island
* Pezhumthuruth
* Kakkathuruth
* Pattamthuruth
* Paliyanthuruthu (''Palliyamthuruthu'')
* Neettum thuruth
* Puthenthuruth
* Poothuruth
* Pannaykkathuruth
* Veluthuruth
* Neeleswaram thuruth
{{div col end|2}}

===Beaches in Kollam===
[[File:Dredger "Hansitha" at Kollam(Quilon) coast, Jul 2016.jpg|right|thumb|A dredger ship washed up on the [[Mundakkal Beach]]]]
{{See also|Kollam Beach|Thirumullavaram Beach|Mundakkal Beach}}
[[File:Kollam Beach.jpg|right|thumb|[[Kollam Beach]] - An evening view]]
Kollam is land of serene beaches. The white sand beaches take the prime spot in Kollam’s tourism map. Popularly known [[Kollam Beach]], [[Thirumullavaram Beach]] and [[Mundakkal Beach]] are the three important beaches in the city. Several other small beaches are there on the coastline of Kollam namely [[Tangasseri]], Vaddy, Thanni etc.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.keralaholidays.com/destinations/kollam_-_quilon.htm |title=Kerala Holidays - Kollam/Quilon |publisher=The Hindu |access-date=30 December 2015}}</ref>

[[Kollam Beach]] is on the south-west area of the city. The beach also features a children's park, the [[Mahatma Gandhi Park]] and an under construction Marine Aquarium.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/a-home-for-marine-life-in-kollam/article6140393.ece A home for marine life in Kollam]</ref> Kollam beach is one among the few beaches in Kerala with a lifeguard outpost.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070715153222/http://www.hindu.com/2005/06/03/stories/2005060309450300.htm Move to post lifeguards on Kollam beach]</ref>

[[Thirumullavaram Beach]] is on the north-west coast of [[Kollam]] city. The beach is ideal for early morning walks<ref name="thehindu.com">[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/thirumullavaram-readying-for-vavubali/article3644487.ece Thirumullavaram readying for Vavubali]</ref> Thirumullavaram beach is very famous for conducting the Karkidaka Vavubali rituals.<ref name="thehindu.com"/> Thousands of devotees arrive on the beach to perform the Vavubali Tharpanam every year.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Kollam |state=expanded}}

{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160812094235/http://makeourmoments.com/ Kerala Tour Packages]}}

[[Category:Geography of Kollam| ]]

National Highway 353C (India)

2025-02-26T22:19:18Z

ShastaJfh707289: minor reworked formatting to improve readability further and fixed typos

{{short description|National Highway in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox road
| country = IND
| type = NH
| route = 353C
| length_km = 424
| map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|zoom=6|frame-lat=19.8|frame-long=79.98|frame-align=center|type=line|id=Q55724550|stroke-width=3|title=National Highway 353C}}
|map_custom = yes
|map_notes = Map of the National Highway in red
| direction_a = North
| direction_b = South
| terminus_a = [[National Highway 53 (India)|NH53]] near Sakoli
| terminus_b = [[Atmakur, Warangal (rural) district|Atmakur]]
| junction =
:{{jct|NH|543|country=IND}} Desaiganj
:{{jct|NH|353D|country=IND}} Armori
:{{jct|NH|930|country=IND}} Gadchiroli
:{{jct|NH|353B|country=IND}} Ashti
:{{jct|NH|130D|country=IND}} Allapalli
:{{jct|NH|63|country=IND}} Sironcha
| spur_type = NH
| spur_of = 53
| previous_type = NH
| next_type = NH
| previous_route = 53 
| next_route = 163 
| states = [[Maharashtra]], [[Telangana]]
| destinations = [[Sakoli]], [[Lakhandur]],
[[Desaiganj|Wadsa]], [[Armori (Maharashtra)|Armori]], [[Gadchiroli]], [[Chamorshi]], [[Ashti, Gadchiroli|Ashti]], [[Allapalli]], [[Sironcha]]
}}

'''National Highway 353C''' commonly called '''NH353C''', is a [[National Highway (India)|national highway]] in [[India]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2014/160886.pdf|title=Notification for substitution of NH number and route for Sr Nr 194A dated 5th September, 2014|website=[[The Gazette of India]] - [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=23 March 2019}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> It is a [[Spur route|spur]] road of [[National Highway 53 (India)|National Highway 53]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2017/E_574_2019_016.pdf|title=New Numbering of National Highways notification - Government of India|website=[[The Gazette of India]]|access-date=23 March 2019}}</ref> It traverses the states of [[Maharashtra]] and [[Telangana]] in India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://morth.nic.in/showfile.asp?lid=2924|title=State-wise length of National Highways (NH) in India as on 30.06.2019|website=[[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=23 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://forestsclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/FormA/Justification/6112212201216T9BI5JustificationForLocatingProjectInForestLand.pdf|title=Upgradation of Sakoli to Gadchiroli Section of NH 353C|website=[[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change]]|access-date=23 March 2019}}</ref>

== Route ==

; Maharashtra
[[Sakoli]],
[[Lakhandur]], [[Desaiganj|Wadsa]], [[Armori (Maharashtra)|Armori]], [[Gadchiroli]], [[Chamorshi]], [[Ashti, Gadchiroli|Ashti]], [[Allapalli]], [[Sironcha]] - [[Telangana]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />

; Telangana

[[Maharashtra]] - [[Parkal]], [[Atmakur, Warangal (rural) district|Atmakur]].<ref name=":0" />

== Junctions ==
{{RJL|date=November 2021}}

: {{jct|NH|53|country=IND}} Terminal near [[Sakoli]]
: {{jct|NH|543|country=IND}} near [[Desaiganj]]
: {{jct|NH|353D|country=IND}} near Armori
: {{jct|NH|930|country=IND}} near [[Gadchiroli]]
: {{jct|NH|353B|country=IND}} near [[Ashti, Gadchiroli|Ashti]]
: {{jct|NH|130D|country=IND}} near [[Allapalli]]
: {{jct|NH|63|country=IND}} near [[Sironcha]]
: {{jct|NH|163|country=IND}} Terminal near [[Atmakur, Warangal (rural) district|Atmakur]]

== See also ==
* [[List of national highways in India]]
* [[List of national highways in India by state]]

== Notes ==
* In first notification for S.N. 194A, route Sironcha to Atmakur was named as NH-363.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2018/E_707_2018_019.pdf|title=New highways notification dated March, 2018|website=[[The Gazette of India]] - [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=16 Aug 2018}}</ref> This has been replaced as NH-353C with extended route from Sakoli.<ref name=":1" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [http://openstreetmap.org/browse/relation/5722979 NH-353C on OpenStreetMap]

{{Indian Highways Network}}
{{IND NH53 sr}}

[[Category:National highways of India]]
[[Category:National highways in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:National highways in Telangana]]

Ravi Varma (actor)

2025-01-27T13:50:15Z

ShastaJfh707289: brief correct section for consistency

#redirect [[Ravi Varma#People]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{r from incomplete disambiguation}}
{{r from move}}
{{r to section}}
}}

Kabzaa

2025-01-24T19:53:16Z

ShastaJfh707289: general fix lead for accuracy and fixed typos

'''Kabzaa''' may refer to:
* [[Kabzaa (1988 film)]]
* [[Kabzaa (2023 film)]]

{{disambig}}

M. R. Vijayabhaskar

2024-07-30T00:20:00Z

ShastaJfh707289: basic adjusted formatting to improve readability and updated info after review

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
'''M. R. Vijayabhaskar''' (also known as MRV) is an Indian politician and a member of the [[Fifteenth Assembly of Tamil Nadu|15th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]. He was elected from [[Karur (State Assembly Constituency)|Karur constituency]] as a candidate of the AIADMK. He inculcated the rule to carry driving licenses compulsory.

[[Jayalalithaa]] appointed Vijayabhaskar as Minister for Transport in May 2016. This was his first cabinet post in the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite news |title= Jayalalithaa and her 28-member Cabinet to be sworn in on May 23 |date=21 May 2016 |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/list-of-ministers-in-jayalalithaa-cabinet/article8630370.ece |accessdate=2017-05-04}}</ref>

In Karur, Vijayabaskar suffered defeat with a margin of 12,448 to DMK's [[V. Senthil Balaji]] in 2021 Tamil Nadu Assembly elections.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Three AIADMK ministers suffer defeat at the hands of their former colleagues|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2021/may/04/threeaiadmk-ministers-suffer-defeat-at-the-hands-of-their-former-colleagues-2298279.html|access-date=2021-07-24|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vijayabhaskar, M. R}}
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2016–2021]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]

South Gate, Madurai

2024-06-15T09:08:23Z

ShastaJfh707289: New a article more to come.

{{Short description|Neighbourhood in Madurai, Tamil Nadu in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = South Gate, Madurai
|other_name =
|settlement_type = [[Neighbourhood]]
|image_skyline =
|image_alt =
|image_caption =
|nickname =
|image_map =
|map_alt =
|map_caption =
|pushpin_map = Tamil Nadu
|pushpin_label_position =
|pushpin_map_alt =
|pushpin_map_caption = South Gate, Madurai (Tamil Nadu)
|coordinates = {{coord|9|54|39.2|N|78|07|07.3|E|display=inline,title}}
|subdivision_type = [[Country]]
|subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[File: TamilNadu Logo.svg|23x16px|border|alt=Tamil Nadu]][[Tamil Nadu]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in India|District]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Madurai district]]
|established_title = <! -- Established -->
|government_type =
|government_body =
|unit_pref = Metric
|area_footnotes =
|area_rank =
|area_total_km2 =
|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation_m = 161
|elevation_ft =
|population_total =
|population_as_of =
|population_rank =
|population_density_km2 =
|demographics_type1 = [[Languages]]
|demographics1_title1 = [[Official]]
|demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language]], [[English language]]
|demographics1_title2 = Speech
|demographics1_info2 = [[Tamil language]], [[English language]]
|timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|utc_offset1 = +5:30
|postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
|postal_code = 625001
|area_code_type = [[Telephone]] Code
|area_code = 0452xxxxxxx
|registration_plate =
|blank1_name_sec1 = Neighbourhoods
|blank1_info_sec1 = [[Madurai]], Goripalayam, [[Sellur (Madurai)|Sellur]], [[Simmakkal, Madurai|Simmakkal]], [[Yanaikkal, Madurai|Yanaikkal]], [[Nelpettai]], [[East Gate, Madurai|East Gate]]
|blank2_name_sec1 = [[Corporation]]
|blank2_info_sec1 = [[Madurai Municipal Corporation]]
|blank3_name_sec1 =
|blank3_info_sec1 =
|blank4_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha|LS]]
|blank4_info_sec1 = [[Madurai Lok Sabha constituency]]
|blank5_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha|VS]]
|blank5_info_sec1 = [[Madurai South Assembly constituency]]
|blank6_name_sec1 = [[Member of Parliament|MP]]
|blank6_info_sec1 = [[S. Venkatesan]]
|blank7_name_sec1 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
|blank7_info_sec1 = [[M. Boominathan]]
|website = https://madurai.nic.in
|footnotes =
}}

'''South Gate''' is a neighbourhood in [[Madurai district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]] state in the peninsular [[India]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vimalān̲antam |first=Matu Caccitān̲antam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=33ktAAAAMAAJ&q=%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AF%2586%25E0%25AE%25B1%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%2581+%25E0%25AE%25B5%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%259A%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AF%258D,+%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AF%2588 |title=Tamil̲ ilakkiya varalār̲r̲uk kaḷañciyam |date=1987 |publisher=Aintiṇaip Patippakam |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQZXAAAAYAAJ&q=%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AF%2586%25E0%25AE%25B1%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%2581+%25E0%25AE%25B5%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%259A%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AF%258D,+%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AF%2588 |title=Tamilnāṭu tolil-varttaka ṭairekṭari |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fXA5AAAAIAAJ&q=%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AF%2586%25E0%25AE%25B1%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%2581+%25E0%25AE%25B5%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%259A%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AF%258D,+%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AF%2588 |title=Mahājaṉam |date=1986 |language=ta}}</ref> with the geographical coordinates of 9°54'39.2"N, 78°07'07.3"E (i.e., 9.910900°N, 78.118700°E) and is located at about 161 m above the mean sea level.

Famous [[Meenakshi Temple, Madurai|Meenakshi Amman temple]] is situated at a walkable distance of about 1 km from South Gate. Madurai city is constructed in such a manner that neighbourhoods and streets are arranged in all the four directions keeping the temple at their centre. The great fort walls were built in the East, West, North and South directions and South Gate, North Gate, West Gate and East Gate were the entrances on each sides. (Later the walls were demolished during the town planning by British rulers). Also the more important outer streets were named correspondingly as South Veli street, North Veli street, West Veli street and East Veli street. Inner sides included South Masi street, North Masi street, West Masi street and East Masi street. Apart from these, Aadi streets, Chithirai streets, Aavani Moola streets, etc. on each directions are named accordingly, to mention a few.<ref>{{Cite web |last=முருகேசபாண்டியன் |first=ந. |title=மதுரை தெருக்களின் வழியே - 2: மாறிவரும் மதுரையின் முகம்... காரணம் என்ன? |url=https://www.vikatan.com/oddities/literature/from-the-streets-of-madura-the-changing-landscapes-of-the-city |access-date=2022-12-14 |work=Vikatan |language=ta}}</ref> [[Madurai]], Goripalayam, [[Sellur (Madurai)|Sellur]], [[Simmakkal, Madurai|Simmakkal]], [[Yanaikkal, Madurai|Yanaikkal]], [[Nelpettai]], [[East Gate, Madurai|East Gate]], [[Arappalayam]] and [[Kalavasal]] are some of the important neighbourhoods of South Gate. South Gate has a police station in its limits.<ref>{{Cite news |author=தினத்தந்தி |date=2022-12-13 |title=குடும்பத்தகராறில் மாமனார் வெட்டிக்கொலை - மருமகன் உள்பட 4 பேருக்கு வலைவீச்சு |language=ta |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/News/State/father-in-law-hacked-to-death-in-family-dispute-4-people-including-son-in-law-attacked-856770 |access-date=2022-12-14}}</ref>

South Gate is served by [[Periyar Bus Terminus]] at the heart of Madurai, Anna Bus Terminus near Anna Nagar, [[Mattuthavani Bus Stand, Madurai|MGR Bus Terminus]] in Mattuthavani and [[Arappalayam Bus Terminus]]. It is well connected to other parts of Madurai via. important roads viz., South Veli street, North Veli street, East Veli street, South Masi street, North Masi street, East Masi street, Yanaikkal bridge and Albert Victor Bridge. Madurai City Transport Corporation operates numerous bus services via. South Gate. It is always busy and is congested due to road traffic.<ref>{{Cite news |author=மாலை மலர் |date=2022-11-17 |title=மதுரையில் வாகன ஓட்டிகளிடம் ரூ.5 கோடி அபராதம் வசூல் |language=ta |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/news/district/madurai-news-rs-5-crore-fine-collected-from-motorists-in-madurai-537702 |access-date=2022-12-14}}</ref> In the year 1989, a bridge having 0.5 km long and 12 m wide was constructed to decongest the traffic, connecting South Gate and Villapuram that leads to Aruppukkottai, over the railway line (Madurai junction to Madurai East Railway Station), at an estimated cost of ₹75 lakh. As the bridge is narrow, the traffic congestion continues.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-17 |title=மதுரை தெற்குவாசல் பாலத்தால் கடும் போக்குவரத்து நெரிசல்: இடியாப்ப சிக்கலுக்கு தீர்வு "ஈரடுக்கு பாலம் |url=https://m.dinamalar.com/detail.php?id=805721 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203141934/http://m.dinamalar.com/detail.php?id=805721 |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 December 2017 |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=Dinamalar |language=ta}}</ref> In order to decongest the traffic, a road project is planned to construct a bridge in between [[Nelpettai]] and [[Avaniapuram]] covering a distance of 5 km that passes near to the bridge already existing in South Gate.<ref>{{Cite news |title=மதுரையில் 5 கி.மீ. நீளம்கொண்ட புதிய பறக்கும் பாலம் - விரைவில் அமைய உள்ளதாக நெடுஞ்சாலைத்துறை தகவல் |language=ta |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/tamilnadu/889657-traffic-congestion-of-madurai-south-gateway-bridge.html |access-date=2022-12-14}}</ref> [[Madurai Junction railway station]] which is busy round-the-clock is situated at 2 km from South Gate. From here, Madurai Airport is located at about 10 km in [[Avaniapuram]].

South Gate is one of the busiest places for selling textile goods in Madurai.<ref>{{Cite news |author=மாலை மலர் |date=2022-10-23 |title=மதுரை ஜவுளிக்கடைகளில் அலைமோதிய கூட்டம் |language=ta |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/news/district/madurai-news-madurai-textile-shops-throng-527803 |access-date=2022-12-14}}</ref> There is a long-run (55 years old) savouries shop in South Gate, namely Uthandan Pakoda shop which is called by customers as South Gate Pakoda shop.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-15 |title=மதுரை ஃபேமஸ் தெற்குவாசல் பக்கோடா கடை |url=https://tamil.news18.com/madurai/madurai-therkuvasal-pakoda-shop-819392.html |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=News18 Tamil |language=ta}}</ref>

Ponnodai Karuppannasamy temple situated in South Gate is under the control of [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]], Government of Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arulmigu Ponnodai Karupanasamy Temple, South Veli Street, Madurai - 625001, Madurai District [TM032558]. |url=https://hrce.tn.gov.in/hrcehome/index_temple.php?tid=32558 |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=hrce.tn.gov.in}}</ref>

South Gate comes under [[Madurai South Assembly constituency]], with the winner of its legislative assembly elections held in the year 2021, as [[M. Boominathan]]. It also comes under [[Madurai Lok Sabha constituency]] for which the parliamentary elections were held in the year 2019 with the winner as [[S. Venkatesan]].
== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods and suburbs of Madurai]]

Suri Empire

2024-04-27T00:47:50Z

ShastaJfh707289: expanded content

#REDIRECT [[Sur Empire]]
{{R from alternative name}}

Bijapur District

2024-04-12T23:20:13Z

ShastaJfh707289: Redirect page

#REDIRECT [[Bijapur (disambiguation)]]

Nigohan

2024-03-18T23:46:19Z

ShastaJfh707289: added a article

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nigohan
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Nigohān
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Populated place
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.561822|N|81.030833|E|display=inline,title}}<ref name="GeoNames">{{cite web|author= National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) |title=GEOINT Search (Search for ''Nigohan'' here) |url=https://geonames.nga.mil/namesgaz/ |website=www.nga.mil}}</ref>
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Lucknow district|Lucknow]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 6.399
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 6474
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Nigohan''' is a large<ref name="Gazetteer"/> village in [[Mohanlalganj]] block of [[Lucknow district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Lucknow, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=203–221 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/UPA.html |website=Census 2011 India|access-date=22 April 2021}}</ref> Located to the west of the road from [[Lucknow]] to [[Raebareli]], historically it was the seat of a [[pargana]] in Mohanlalganj [[tehsil]].<ref name="Gazetteer">{{cite book |last1=Nevill |first1=H.R. |title=Lucknow - A Gazetteer |date=1904 |publisher=Government Press |location=Allahabad |pages=159, 258–263 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.48095 |access-date=22 April 2021}}</ref> As of 2011, its population is 6,474, in 1,093 households.<ref name="Census 2011"/> The Nigohan [[Railway Station]] is located east of the village and technically belongs to the village of [[Karanpur, Raebareli|Karanpur]].<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Nigohan is the seat of a [[gram panchayat]].<ref name="District website">{{cite web |title=Villages, District Lucknow |author=Government of Uttar Pradesh, India |url=https://lucknow.nic.in/villages/ |website=lucknow.nic.in}}</ref>

== History ==
According to legend, Nigohan was founded by a [[Lunar dynasty|Chandrabansi]] raja named Nahush, who was transformed into a snake as punishment for cursing a [[Brahmin]] and made to live in a large tank to the south of the village.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> The [[Pandava]]s then came here during their travels, and one of them managed to break the spell and restore Raja Nahush to his human form.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> On being turned back into a human, Raja Nahush performed a great sacrifice, and this is commemorated in an annual festival during the month of [[Kartik (month)|Kartik]].<ref name="Gazetteer"/> The festival takes place at the Abhiniwara tank, where there is a temple of Mahadeo ([[Shiva]]); Raja Nahush is also venerated at a shrine at the centre of the village.<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

At the turn of the 20th century, Nigohan was described as a large, primarily agricultural village, with extensive [[orchard]]s that formed the main livelihood for its residents.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> The village then had an "upper [[primary school]]" and a small bazaar called Gumanganj, and it served as the headquarters of the [[Church of England]]'s missionary operations in the region.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> The [[zamindar]]s were a [[Gautam (Rajput clan)|Gautam]] clan<ref name="Gazetteer"/> who, according to tradition, had become rulers by marrying a lady of the previous dynasty, the Janwars of Mau. In 1901, the population of Nigohan was 2,074, including 355 Muslims and 61 Christians.<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Lucknow district]]

{{Lucknow-geo-stub}}

Bharatpedia:WikiProject Lucknow/Navigation

2024-03-05T08:55:46Z

ShastaJfh707289: New first stub v1

<div style="width: 35%; margin-left:5px; float: right;"><div align="center" style="background:#GGG; border: 2px solid #ACA3BF;">[[Image:Rumi Darwaza.JPG|border|100px|]] <BIG>'''[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Lucknow|WikiProject Lucknow]]'''</BIG>
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[[Category:WikiProject India templates|Nav]]
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Varsoda State

2024-02-07T20:16:46Z

ShastaJfh707289: redirect

#REDIRECT [[Varsoda#History]]

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[[Category:Princely states of Gujarat]]

Khurana, Punjab

2024-01-10T15:10:49Z

ShastaJfh707289: cleanup

#REDIRECT [[Khurana, India]]

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Rabba Ishq Na Hove

2023-12-06T03:09:28Z

ShastaJfh707289: minor edit

#REDIRECT [[List of programmes broadcast by Zee TV#Drama series]]

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Nanguneri (state assembly constituency)

2022-04-16T08:20:21Z

ShastaJfh707289: enhance section further and corrected details

#REDIRECT [[Nanguneri Assembly constituency]]

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Bihar famine of 1873–74

2021-07-12T02:09:04Z

ShastaJfh707289: expanded content

#REDIRECT [[Bihar famine of 1873–1874]]

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