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Assam Cricket Association Stadium, Guwahati

2023-10-13T09:09:00Z

Shashktiwari:

{{short description|Cricket stadium}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox cricket ground
| ground_name = Assam Cricket Association Stadium
| nickname = Barsapara Cricket Stadium 
| image = File:Barsapara Cricket Stadium match under floodlights.jpg
| image_size = 350px
| caption = Barsapara Cricket Stadium match under floodlights
| country = India
| location = Barsapara, [[Guwahati, Assam]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|26|8|42|N|91|44|11|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=it}}
| establishment = 2012
| seating_capacity = 50,000

| owner = [[Assam Cricket Association]]
| operator = [[Assam Cricket Association]]
|architect = Klorophyll (India) Sports Turf Technology & Construction Pvt. Ltd.
| tenants = {{Bulleted list|[[Assam cricket team]]|[[India national cricket team]] (2017–present)| [[Indian women's national cricket team]] (2019–present)| [[Rajasthan Royals]] (April 2023)}}
| end1 = Media End
| end2 = Pavilion End
| international = yes
| firstodidate = 21 October
| firstodiyear = 2018
| firstodihome = India
| firstodiaway = West Indies
| lastodidate = 10 January
| lastodiyear = 2023
| lastodihome = India
| lastodiaway = Sri Lanka
| firsttestdate =
| firsttestyear =
| firsttesthome =
| firsttestaway =
| lasttestdate =
| lasttestyear =
| lasttesthome =
| lasttestaway =
| firstt20idate = 10 October
| firstt20iyear = 2017
| firstt20ihome = India
| firstt20iaway = Australia
| lastt20idate = 2 October
| lastt20iyear = 2022
| lastt20ihome = India
| lastt20iaway = South Africa

| firstwt20idate = 4 March
| firstwt20iyear = 2019
| firstwt20ihome = India
| firstwt20iaway = England
| lastwt20idate = 9 March
| lastwt20iyear = 2019
| lastwt20ihome = India
| lastwt20iaway = England
| year1 = 2013 – present
| club1 = [[Assam cricket team]]
| year2 = 2017 – present
| club2 = [[Indian national cricket team]]
| year3 = 2023 - present
| club3 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| date = 10 January
| year = 2023
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/ground/680295.html ESPNcricinfo
}}
'''Assam Cricket Association Stadium''' (also known as '''ACA Stadium''' or '''Barsapara Cricket Stadium''') is a cricket stadium in Barsapara, [[Guwahati, Assam]], India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/australia-in-india/india-australia-teams-arrive-in-guwahati-for-second-t20/articleshow/60995892.cms|title=New guwahati station|website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref> It is the home ground of the [[Assam cricket team]] and is owned and operated by the [[Assam Cricket Association]]. The stadium has a maximum capacity of around 50,000 spectators.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.assamcricket.com/about|title= About ACA|publisher=assamcricket.com |access-date=23 March 2023}}</ref>

Former Assam chief minister [[Sarbananda Sonowal]] inaugurated the stadium on 10 October 2017. It is India's [[List of international cricket grounds in India|49th international cricket venue]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/international-cricket-venues-in-india/article19834348.ece|title=International cricket venues in India|website=[[The Hindu]] }}</ref> The first international cricket match played here was a T20I between India and Australia in 2017, which was won by Australia. The arena hosts domestic and international cricket matches.<ref>{{cite web |url-access=subscription |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Grounds/14/9779.html |title=Barsapara Cricket Stadium, Guwahati |publisher=cricketarchive.com |access-date=2013-02-03}}</ref> It is the largest sports stadium in north-eastern India.

It hosted the [[Indian Premier League]]'s matches for the first time in April 2023, with the [[Rajasthan Royals]] playing some of their home games in the stadium as its second home. This initiative was put forth by [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]] to have a cricketing impact in [[Northeast India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPL 2023: Indian Premier League 2023 schedule announced there will be a ... |url=https://www.loksatta.com/krida/ipl-schedule-2023-first-match-to-be-held-on-march-31-dhoni-to-face-hardik-final-to-be-played-on-may-28-avw-92-3469138/lite/&ved=2ahUKEwiJwb63rvf9AhUs-zgGHc_nAakQFnoECA8QAQ&usg=AOvVaw2yJkY4d2e3rbwRKRDD7mrc |website=[[Loksatta]] }}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==History==
The foundation stone of the stadium was laid by then-Chief Minister [[Tarun Gogoi]] in June 2004, and he again laid the foundation stone of the club house and stand of the stadium in July 2007 in the presence of then [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]] secretary [[Niranjan Shah]].

[[File:Barsapara Cricket Stadium during construction.jpg|thumb|Barsapara Cricket Stadium during construction]]

An area of 59 bighas of land was allotted to the [[Assam Cricket Association]] by the state government after clearing a portion from encroachers. The Assam Cricket Association started construction in 2006. The Assam Cricket Association (ACA) has hosted a few local matches here, which was initially a dumping ground before the ground became ready for domestic first-class matches.

On 4 November 2012, the East Zone Senior Women's Inter-State One-Day Championship match between Assam and Odisha became the first match to be played at the ground.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=nov0512/sports07 |title=Barsapara stadium ground inaugurated |publisher=assamtribune.com |access-date=2013-02-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826114709/http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=nov0512%2Fsports07 |archive-date=2014-08-26 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sentinelassam.com/localsports/story.php?sec=2&subsec=11&id=137205&dtP=2012-10-31&ppr=1 |title=Barsapara Stadium ready for Cricket |publisher=sentinelassam.com |access-date=2013-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924100827/http://www.sentinelassam.com/localsports/story.php?sec=2&subsec=11&id=137205&dtP=2012-10-31&ppr=1 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> In the 2013–14 [[Ranji Trophy]] season, the ground hosted four matches. Assam against Kerala was the first [[first-class cricket|first-class]] match.

On 10 October 2017, the stadium hosted its first T20I. The match was played between [[Australian national cricket team|Australia]] and hosts [[Indian national cricket team|India]]; Australia won the game by eight wickets. In this match, the newly inaugurated stadium recorded an attendance of 38,132.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/97672/india-out-to-clinch-series-on-guwahatis-t20i-debut|title= India out to clinch series on Guwahati's T20I debut|date=9 October 2017|publisher=Cricbuzz|access-date=10 October 2017}}</ref>

The stadium hosted its first ODI on 21 October 2018. The match was played between hosts [[Indian national cricket team|India]] and the [[West Indies cricket team]]. [[Indian national cricket team|India]] won the game by eight wickets.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/guwahati-odi-rohit-kohli-architect-india-s-8-wicket-win-118102100635_1.html|title=Guwahati ODI Rohit, Kohli architect India's 8 wicket win|date=21 October 2019|publisher=Business Standard|access-date=29 May 2019}}</ref>

From 4 March 2019 to 9 March 2019, the ground hosted Women's International Cricket for the first time. Three [[Women's Twenty20 International]] matches were played between the [[England women's cricket team]] and the hosts [[Indian women's cricket team]]. The [[England women's cricket team]] won the WT20I series 3–0.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/smriti-mandhana-mithali-raj-india-vs-england-women-s-3rd-t20i-1474041-2019-03-09|title=3rd T20 Smriti Mandana fifty in vain as England whitewash India|date=9 March 2019|publisher=India Today|access-date=21 May 2019}}</ref>

==List of centuries==
===Key===
* '''*''' denotes that the batsman was [[not out]].
* '''Inns.''' denotes the number of innings in the match.
* '''Balls''' denotes the number of [[Delivery (cricket)|balls]] faced in an inning.
* '''NR''' denotes that the number of balls was not recorded.
* Parentheses next to the player's score denote his century number at Edgbaston.
* '''Date''' refers to the date the match started.
* '''Result''' refers to the player's team result.

===One day internationals===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%"
|-
! No. !! Score !! Player !! Team !! Balls !! Inns. !! Opposing team !! Date !! Result
|-
| 1 || 106 || [[Shimron Hetmyer]]|| {{cr|WIN}} || 78 || 1 || {{cr|IND}} || 21 October 2018 || Lost<ref name=odi4056>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/18902/scorecard/1157754/india-vs-west-indies-1st-odi-west-indies-in-india-2018-19 |title=1st ODI (D/N), West Indies tour of India at Guwahati, Oct 21 2018|work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=2018-10-21}}</ref>
|-
| 2 || 140 || [[Virat Kohli]]|| {{cr|IND}} || 107 || 2 || {{cr|WIN}} || 21 October 2018 || Won<ref name=odi4056 />
|-
| 3 || 152* || [[Rohit Sharma]] || {{cr|IND}} || 117 || 2 || {{cr|WIN}} || 21 October 2018 || Won<ref name=odi4056 />
|-
| 4 || 113 || [[Virat Kohli]] || {{cr|IND}} || 87 || 1 || {{cr|SL}} || 10 January 2023 || Won<ref name=odi4501>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/sri-lanka-in-india-2022-23-1348629/india-vs-sri-lanka-1st-odi-1348643/full-scorecard |title=1st ODI (D/N), Sri Lanka tour of India at Guwahati, Jan 10 2023|work=ESPNcricinfo| access-date=15 January 2023}}</ref>
|-
| 5 || 108* || [[Dasun Shanaka]] || {{cr|SL}} || 88 || 2 || {{cr|IND}} || 10 January 2013 || Lost<ref name=odi4501/>
|}

===T20 internationals===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%"
|-
! No. !! Score !! Player !! Team !! Balls !! Inns. !! Opposing team !! Date !! Result
|-
| 1 || 106* || [[David Miller (South African cricketer)|David Miller]]|| {{cr|SA}} || 47 || 2 || {{cr|IND}} || 02 October 2022 || Lost<ref name=t20i1803>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/south-africa-in-india-2022-23-1327499/india-vs-south-africa-2nd-t20i-1327507/live-cricket-score |title=2nd T20I (D/N), South Africa tour of India at Guwahati, Oct 02 2022|work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=2022-10-02}}</ref>
|}

==See also==
* [[Nehru Stadium, Guwahati|Nehru Stadium]]
* [[Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium]]
* [[Northeast Frontier Railway Stadium]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==

*[https://www.crik10.com Crik10 – Ground page]
*[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Grounds/14/9779.html Cricketarchive – Ground Page]
*[http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/ground/680295.html Cricinfo – Ground Page]

{{List of cricket grounds in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Doctor Bhupen Hazarika Cricket Stadium, Barsapara}}
[[Category:Cricket grounds in Assam]]
[[Category:Sports venues in Guwahati]]
[[Category:Memorials to Bhupen Hazarika]]
[[Category:Sports venues completed in 2012]]
[[Category:2012 establishments in Assam]]

Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium

2023-10-13T09:06:41Z

Shashktiwari:

{{short description|International Cricket stadium in Pune, Maharashtra}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}

{{Infobox cricket ground
| ground_name = Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium
|coordinates={{coord|18|40|28|N|73|42|24|E}}
| nickname = MCA Stadium MCA international stadium<ref name=Puri>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/world-cup-venues-mca-international-stadium-pune-fixtures-2438506-2023-09-21 | title=Cricket World Cup 2023 venues: MCA International Stadium, Pune }}</ref>
| image = File:Pune Cricket Stadium.jpg
| caption = The MCA Stadium
| country = India
| location = [[Gahunje]], [[Pune district]], Maharashtra, India
| establishment = 2012<ref name = IT>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/amp/sports/cricket-maharashtra-cricket-association-stadium-pune-history-odi-t20i-test-match-ipl-records-pitch-report-and-average-score-435503|title = Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium, Pune: History, Pitch Report, Average Score, ODI, T20I, Test Match, IPL Records, Stats | Cricket News – India TV|date = 2 April 2018}}</ref>
| seating_capacity = 37,406<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cricketmaharashtra.com/mca-stadium.html|title = MCA's International Stadium, Gahunje|date = 27 March 2021}}</ref>
| owner = [[Maharashtra Cricket Association]]
| operator = [[Maharashtra Cricket Association]]
|architect = [[Michael Hopkins (architect)|Michael Hopkins]],<ref name= IT/> [[Hopkins Architects]]<ref name="hopkins1">{{cite web |url=http://www.hopkins.co.uk/projects/3/135/ |title=MCA Pune International Cricket Centre |publisher=Hopkins |access-date=3 May 2012 |archive-date=26 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226082257/https://www.hopkins.co.uk/projects/3/135/%20 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| tenants = [[Indian national cricket team |India cricket team]] [[India women's cricket team]] [[Pune Warriors India]] (2012–2013) [[Kings XI Punjab]] (2015) [[Rising Pune Supergiant]] (2016–2017) [[Chennai Super Kings]] (2018-2019)
| end1 =Pavilion End
| end2 =Hill End
| international = true
| firsttestdate =23–25 February
| firsttestyear =2017
| firsttesthome =India
| firsttestaway =Australia
| lasttestdate =10–13 October
| lasttestyear =2019
| lasttesthome =India
| lasttestaway =South Africa
| firstodidate = 13 October
| firstodiyear = 2013
| firstodihome = India
| firstodiaway = Australia
| lastodidate = 28 March
| lastodiyear = 2021
| lastodihome = India
| lastodiaway = England
| firstt20idate = 20 December
| firstt20iyear = 2012
| firstt20ihome = India
| firstt20iaway = England
| lastt20idate = 5 January
| lastt20iyear = 2023
| lastt20ihome = India
| lastt20iaway = Sri Lanka
|surface = [[Bermuda grass]]<ref name=Puri/>
| date = 5 January
| year = 2023
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/ground/545380.html Ground Info
|established=2011<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/3362/england-tour-of-india-2021/venues/287/maharashtra-cricket-association-stadium|title=Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium, Pune details, matches, stats}}</ref>
|contractor=[[Shapoorji Pallonji Group | M/S Shapoorji Pallonji & Co. Ltd]]<ref>http://www.cricketmaharashtra.com/MCA{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} stadium.html</ref>|othernames=MCA international cricket stadium Gahunje Stadium <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/maharashtra-cricket-association-all-set-to-host-india-england-odis-in-march-7198551/|title = Maharashtra Cricket Association all set to host India-England ODIs in March|date = 21 February 2021}}</ref>|home_club={{Unbulleted list| [[Maharashtra cricket team]] | [[Maharashtra women's cricket team]] }}|map=}}

'''Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium''' is an international [[cricket stadium]] in [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=शहर होण्यासाठीची उत्सुकता {{!}} Sakal|url=https://www.esakal.com/pune/city-gahunje-village-development-112462|access-date=2021-11-13|website=www.esakal.com}}</ref> It is owned and operated by the [[Maharashtra Cricket Association]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maharashtra Cricket Association {{!}} MCA's International Stadium, Gahunje|url=http://www.cricketmaharashtra.com/mca-stadium.html|access-date=2021-11-12|website=www.cricketmaharashtra.com}}</ref>

It is the home ground of the [[Maharashtra cricket team]] and [[Maharashtra women's cricket team]], it is the headquarters of the Maharashtra Cricket Association (MCA). The stadium is situated on the outskirts of city limit of Pune in [[Gahunje]] village near [[Mumbai–Pune Expressway]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Gahunje stadium awaits access road|work=Times of India|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/city/pune/gahunje-stadium-awaits-access-road/articleshow/9425241.cms}}</ref> It is one of the premier stadiums of the country, before its existence, [[Nehru Stadium, Pune|Nehru Stadium]] of downtown Pune was the home ground of the Maharashtra Cricket team and venue for international matches organised by MCA.<ref name=reach>{{Cite web|url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/mca-stadium-will-reach-a-new-milestone-on-sunday/articleshow/81713445.cms|title = MCA Stadium will reach a new milestone on Sunday|date = 27 March 2021}}</ref>

MCA stadium was designed by [[Michael Hopkins (architect)|Michael Hopkins]] of [[Hopkins Architects|Hopkins architects]]. Its seating capacity is 37,000- 42,700. Arena's shape is like a deep bowl.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Chinmay Kulkarni |date=Jul 31, 2011 |title=Gahunje stadium awaits access road {{!}} Pune News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/gahunje-stadium-awaits-access-road/articleshow/9425241.cms |access-date=2021-11-13 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref name=AHA>{{Cite web|author=Avinash Rajput|title=MCA Stadium will reach a new milestone on Sunday|url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/mca-stadium-will-reach-a-new-milestone-on-sunday/articleshow/81713445.cms|access-date=2021-11-14|website=Pune Mirror|date=27 March 2021|language=en}}</ref> The venue hosted its first ever international match in December 2012.<ref name=":1" /> Its ground's shape is round, with Bermuda grass surface. The ground has high-tech pop-up sprinklers.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Cricket World Cup 2023 venues: MCA International Stadium, Pune |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/world-cup-venues-mca-international-stadium-pune-fixtures-2438506-2023-09-21 |access-date=2023-09-22 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
Its final phase of construction is still yet to be completed.<ref name=AHA/> The stadium's 75% seating area still does not have a roof.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cricket World Cup venues to get an upgrade: Imported grass, new outfields, better floodlights |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/cricket-world-cup-venues-to-get-an-upgrade-imported-grass-new-outfields-better-floodlights-8693468/ |access-date=30 June 2023 |website=[[The Indian Express]]|date=30 June 2023 }}</ref> It has floodlights to organise games at night.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium {{!}} India {{!}} Cricket Grounds {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/ground/545380.html |access-date=2021-11-13 |website=Cricinfo}}</ref>

On 1 April 2012, then [[International Cricket Council|ICC]] president [[Sharad Pawar]] inaugurated the MCA stadium.<ref name=IT/> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-03-28 |title=Sharad Pawar to open Subrata Roy Sahara Stadium |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/sharad-pawar-to-open-subrata-roy-sahara-stadium/ |access-date=2023-09-22 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref name="MCA">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india-v-australia-2016-17/content/story/1083824.html |title=Australia brace for tough road test on Pune's debut |access-date=22 February 2017 |work=ESPN Cricinfo|date=22 February 2017 }}</ref> The arena hosed its first ever first class match in December 2011, when [[Himachal Pradesh cricket team|Himachal Pradesh]] played against home side [[Maharashtra cricket team]] in [[2011–12 Ranji Trophy|2011-12 Ranji trophy edition]], hosted first IPL game (Pune Warriors v King's XI Punjab) in April 2012. MCA stadium hosted its first ever T20I match in December 2012 (between India-England) and [[English cricket team in India in 2016–17#1st Test|first ever Test]] in February 2017.<ref name="MCA" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2012-03-28 |title=Sharad Pawar to open Subrata Roy Sahara Stadium |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/sharad-pawar-to-open-subrata-roy-sahara-stadium/ |access-date=2023-09-22 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

The arena is set to host 5 games of [[2023 Cricket World Cup|2023 ICC World Cup]] including the India - Bangladesh game.<ref name=":0" />

==History==
===Background===
[[file:Subrata Roy Sahara Stadium.jpg|thumb|left|Outside view of this arena at night ]]
The MCA's decision to build a new Cricket stadium in [[Pune]] stemmed from a dispute with the [[Pune Municipal Corporation]],{{Citation needed|date=April 2012}} regarding ticket allocations for [[Nehru Stadium, Pune|Nehru Stadium]]. This conflict came to a head when an international match between [[India national cricket team|India]] and [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]] was moved to [[Kolkata]], with the MCA stating they were in no position to host the match. Following this, the MCA decided a new stadium was needed.{{citation needed|date=November 2021}}
===Construction===
The groundbreaking ceremony was performed on the construction site on 21 October 2007 by the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (BCCI) president [[Sharad Pawar]]. MCA granted the contract to construct the first phase of the construction to [[Shapoorji Pallonji Group|Shapoorji Pallonji & Co. Ltd]] in November 2009. The construction work started on 14 November 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maharashtra Cricket Association | MCA's International Stadium, Gahunje|url=http://www.cricketmaharashtra.com/mca-stadium.html|url-status=}}</ref> The stadium is designed by British architect Sir [[Michael Hopkins (architect)|Michael Hopkins]] of [[Hopkins Architects]], who also credited to designed [[Lord's]] mount stand and [[Rose Bowl (cricket ground)|Ages bowl]] stadium of [[Southampton]], England. The project's original deadline was November 2010 with cost of ₹ 1.50 billion, covering an area of {{convert|35|acre|m2}}. The construction of the stadium was held from 2010 to 2012, it faced various problems before complition in December 2011. Although it's claimed that major part of the stadium is built, the final phase of the construction is still yet to complete, 75% stands do not have roof and final phase of building is yet to started as of September 2023.<ref name=reach/> <ref name=":0" />
Maharashtra Cricket Association intended to host matches of [[2011 Cricket World Cup|2011 World Cup]], due to construction delayed, it was not able to do that.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" />

The stadium and the seating arrangement were designed in such a way that an unobstructed view is assured from each location.The most important feature of this stadium is its rainwater drainage system. Often, matches are abandoned due to heavy downpour to overcome this problem, MCA opted for a sand-based outfield developed departmentally with technical assistance from ''STRI Limited'', UK. Due to this technology, even during heavy showers, water on the outfield drains out fast, making it ready for play again just in few minutes.<ref name="MCA Stadium">{{cite web |title=MCA |url=http://www.constructionupdate.com/News.aspx?nId=xkE33MUk2uTSfxRQM5ec0Q== |access-date=27 February 2013}}</ref>

It was inaugurated in a ceremony by the then [[List of ICC presidents|ICC President]] and nation's [[Minister for Agriculture (India)|Agriculture Minister]] [[Sharad Pawar]] on 1 April 2012. Maharashtra's chief minister [[Prithviraj Chavan]], deputy CM [[Ajit Pawar]] was invited.<ref name=ndtvapr12>{{cite news|title=International cricket stadium inaugurated near Pune|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/cities/international-cricket-stadium-inaugurated-near-pune-192642?pfrom=home-cities|access-date=2 April 2012|newspaper=[[NDTV]]|date=1 April 2012}}</ref><ref name=":3" />

In 2013, the Indian company [[Sahara India Pariwar]] bought the [[naming rights]] of the stadium, by virtue it was renamed as "Subrata Roy Sahara Stadium", however, the name was changed back to the Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium because Sahara paid only a part of the ₹ 200 crore that it had promised when acquiring the rights.<ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/naming-rights-tussle-sahara-stadium-to-go-by--mca--name/1167970/ Naming rights tussle: Sahara stadium to go by 'MCA' name]. Indian Express (2013-09-12). Retrieved on 2013-12-23.</ref>

===Began hosting games===
Before official inauguration, the stadium hosted Ranji trophy match between [[Himachal Pradesh cricket team|Himachal Pradesh]]- [[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]] on 21 December 2011 and some practice games.<ref name=reach/> In November 2015, the stadium was selected as the new Test venue of the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/938911.html|title=BCCI revamps selection committee, announces new Test centres|work=espncricinfo.com}}</ref> It hosted its first ever Test match in February 2017, it was the 1st match of the [[Australian cricket team in India in 2016–17#Test series|four match series]], [[Steve Smith (cricketer)|Steve Smith]] became first batter to score a test century in the stadium, [[Steve O'Keefe]] took six wickets in each inning, Australia won by 333 runs. <ref>{{Cite web |title=AUS vs IND, IND v AUS 2016/17, 1st Test at Pune, February 23 - 25, 2017 - Full Scorecard |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ind-v-aus-2016-17-1030197/india-vs-australia-1st-test-1062573/full-scorecard |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>

In 2010s, it served as home ground for [[Pune Warriors India]], [[Rising Pune Supergiant]] and [[Chennai Super Kings]] in different time.{{citation needed|date=November 2021}}

In 2015 IPL, [[Punjab Kings]] decided to move out of Mohali due to lukewarm spectator response at their primary home ground. Following the decision three home games were played at Pune.
In 2018 IPL, due to members of some political parties protested outside the [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]], political parties of Chennai demanded the IPL matches to be moved out of the city until the Cauvery Management Board{{what|date=September 2023}} was set up as directed by the honourable Supreme Court of India. Additionally Chennai police expressed that they are unable to provide stadium sequrity. [[Chennai Super Kings]] relocated its remaining games to MCA stadium. <ref name=":4">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/pune-chennai-set-to-be-ipl-2015-venues-828711 | title=Pune, Chennai set to be IPL 2015 venues | publisher=ESPN Cricinfo|date= 10 February 2015}}</ref>

On 28 March 2021, MCA hosted its 50th game.<ref name=reach/>

== Controversy ==
In 2017, Indian TV network ''[[India Today (TV channel)|India Today]]'' exposed this stadium's official pitch curator Salgaonkar on [[sting operation]], the network alleged Salgaonkar for malpractice before India vs New Zealand ODI match of [[New Zealand cricket team in India in 2017–18|New Zealand tour of India]]. In response to that Mahrashtra Cricket Association sacked Salgaonkar from the job. According to '''[[cricket.com.au]]''<nowiki/>', the pitch curator showed batting pitch to the men around the Pune, which is clear breach of ICC rule to governing access to the Cricket pitch in international cricket matches.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pune curator sacked in tampering scandal|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/pune-pitch-curator-sacked-sting-tampering-bcci-pandurang-salgaoncar-india-new-zealand-odi/2017-10-25|access-date=2021-11-13|website=cricket.com.au|language=en}}</ref> The second ODI went ahead on schedule after the pitch had been inspected by match referee [[Chris Broad (cricketer)|Chris Broad]]. The India Today footage of Salgaonkar speaking with a reporter, who was posing as a [[Bookmaker (gambling)|bookmaker]], was broadcast a few hours before the match.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/41753622|title=India v New Zealand: Groundsman sacked after TV sting tampering claims|work=BBC Sport |access-date=25 October 2017}}</ref> India Today alleged that Salgaonkar shared information about the wicket to their undercover reporter about possible score and Salgaonkar was ready to tamper wicket for bounce. As per India Today their undercover reporter accompanied by Salgaonkar permitted to tapp, test walk and stamp with the feet to the pitch. The curator guaranteed to doctor the pitch according to demand.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Latest News, Breaking News Today - Bollywood, Cricket, Business, Politics - IndiaToday|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-news-breaking-news-today-bollywood-cricket-business-politics|access-date=2021-11-13|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>

Salgaonkar was suspended for 6 months from the curator position by BCCI and ICC, after that he returned on the job at MCA as curator.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Redirect Notice|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/the-mystery-of-the-pune-pitch-1202916|url-status=|access-date=2021-11-13|website=www.google.com|date=8 October 2019 }}</ref>

In 2017, Pune pitch used for the first test of [[Australian cricket team in India in 2017|India vs Australia series]] rated poor by ICC match referee [[Chris Broad (cricketer)|Chris Broad]] in his match report.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-02-28|title=Indian cricket and its history with poor pitches: Pune not an anomaly|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/indian-cricket-and-its-history-with-poor-pitches-pune-not-an-anomaly/story-Vly6l06FWnHVU27aldeWHJ.html|access-date=2021-11-13|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

In 2018 [[Bombay High Court|Bombay High court]] restricted Maharashtra Cricket Association (MCA) to use [[Pavana River|Pavana river]] water for the maintenance of this stadium's ground. Bombay court gave this verdict in response to a [[Public interest litigation]] field by a [[Non-governmental organization|NGO]], Loksatta movement. Maharashtra government granted the permission to use the water of Pavana river for industrial purpose to MCA. The judges of Bombay High court said that, "We are shocked to note that for a period of six years, the state government has allowed the MCA to draw water from the Pavana river for industrial purposes when admittedly the MCA is not running any industry. The water is being used for the stadium” and to do so was illegal.<ref>{{Cite news|title=High Court bans use of Pavana water for IPL 2018 matches in Pune|work=Hindustan Times|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/high-court-bans-use-of-pavana-water-for-ipl-2018-matches-in-pune/story-w7KKT36K5mGSmuwR1yoQFK_amp.html}}</ref>

==Domestic cricket==
[[File:Sahara Stadium Pune 4.jpg|thumb|View from pavellion end.]]
The arena has hosted many domestic tournaments such as [[Ranji trophy]], [[IPL]] and [[Women's T20 Challenge]] etc. In December 2011 the MCA stadium hosted its first ever first class match, when Himachal Pradesh played against home team Maharashtra in [[2011–12 Ranji Trophy|2011-12 Ranji trophy]].<ref name=":3" /> In 2023 it hosted the [[2023 Maharashtra Premier League|inaugural season]] of the [[Maharashtra Premier League]] (MPL). The league has 6 teams, Maharashtra Cricket Association organise it.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/sports/arshin-kulkarni-hits-fastest-century-in-maharashtra-premier-league-history-hits-13-sixes-and-claimed-4-wickets-nashik-titans-win-puneri-bappa/722276 | title=Video: 6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6... 16 चेंडूत 90 धावा; महाराष्ट्र प्रीमियर लीगमध्ये नाशिकच्या मुलाची कमाल | date=20 June 2023 }}</ref> In January 2016, the stadium hosted Ranji trophy [[2015–16 Ranji Trophy#Final|final]]. <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/pune-to-host-ranji-trophy-final-279666-2015-12-30&ved=2ahUKEwj8gO6rz7uBAxU59zgGHei9CvAQFnoECCsQAQ&usg=AOvVaw00vwm2UXY2qYA3GvBopvqn|website=India Today|title=Pune to host Ranji trophy final...}}</ref> It hosted the first semifinal of [[2017–18 Ranji Trophy|2017-18 Ranji]] between [[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]] and [[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]], Delhi won the game by an innig and 26 runs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ranji-trophy-2017-18-1118604/bengal-vs-delhi-1st-semi-final-1118702/full-scorecard&ved=2ahUKEwjH5rCI0buBAxU-yzgGHZZsBuIQFnoECBMQAQ&usg=AOvVaw3yeLw14NroEdWenwpX3l9J|website=ESPN Cricinfo|title=Bengal Vs Delhi : Ranji trophy}}</ref> Before the venue was built, Neharu stadium in downtown hosted the domestic tournaments. 1930s-1990s [[Deccan Gymkhana Ground]] has hosted many first-class matches in the city. [[National Defence Academy (India)|National Defence Academy's]] ground in Khadakwasala has also hosted first class games in the city.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pune in ... |url=https://m.timesofindia.com/city/pune/pune-in-big-league-of-cricket-gahunje-stadium-hosts-maiden-test/amp_articleshow/57303434.cms&ved=2ahUKEwjs0qzs1buBAxWdzjgGHTDcB5wQFnoECBEQAQ&usg=AOvVaw1PAiJ8U46-LAqpKfM9Qdy9 |website=Times of india}}{{dead link|date=September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MUM vs MAH Deccan Gymkhana ground, Pune February 16, 1935 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ranji-trophy-1934-35-484880/maharashtra-vs-bombay-484954/live-cricket-score&ved=2ahUKEwjx3bmW1ruBAxXYxjgGHfWlA0oQFnoECDYQAQ&usg=AOvVaw2hbmqSVywImNbv8zonajJP |website=[[ESPN Cricinfo ]]}}</ref> After inaugration in 2012, MCA stadium served as home venue of IPL franchise [[Sahara Pune Warriors]]. <ref name=":3" /> The arena also was allocated as home ground of [[Chennai Super Kings]] during an IPL season. <ref name=":4" /> It was home ground of [[Rising Pune Supergiant]] in 2016-17.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPL 201... |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ipl-2017-1078425/rising-pune-supergiant-squad-1083999/series-squads&ved=2ahUKEwjotYfIhb6BAxWVTWwGHaDsA-IQFnoECDMQAQ&usg=AOvVaw1MCCffQDb-SHEYmZgVYfBy |website=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> Entire edition of [[2022 Indian Premier League|2022 IPL]] was held in Maharashtra as a result MCA stadium hosted significant amount of games of it.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPL 2022 shedule |url=https://m.timesofindia.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/ipl-2022-full-schedule-of-matches-venues-and-timings/amp_articleshow/90042975.cms&ved=2ahUKEwiU8cu0hL6BAxUX-TgGHWNyCd4QFnoECBwQAQ&usg=AOvVaw1sqVyAWE2v8oCGIZ92t3us |website=Times of india}}</ref>

==Features==
{{Unsourced section|date=September 2023}}
[[File:Subrato roy sahara stadium By Neha Tiwari 07.jpg|thumb|View of pavellion, grand stand from "hill end"]]
* A main 15 wicket match ground{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}
* [[Bermuda-grass]] surface ground, which have pop-up sprinklers. For fast drainage of water its underground is made up 3 layers that is drainage layer of gravel, blinding layers composed of washed grit-sand and rootzone layer of silica sand, [[zeolite]], [[cocopeat]].<ref name=":2" />
* Adjacent practice ground with nets, for practice and smaller matches{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}
* About 45,000 seats for patrons.<ref name=":3" />
* A members' pavilion and a media stand
* Additional facilities for 5,000 members including [[squash (sport)|squash]] and badminton courts, a [[human swimming|swimming pool]], [[spa]], restaurants and bars{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}
* 80 corporate hospitality boxes{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}
* A state-of-the-art indoor Cricket academy with residential accommodation for youth training schemes{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}
* Parking for almost 3,500 cars and 12,000 two-wheelers.<ref name=":3" />

== 2023 World Cup ==
The Maharashtra cricket association stadium is scheduled to host 5 matches of 2023 ICC World Cup including India–Bangladesh on 19 October. It is the first time that the arena will host the world cup. It was in contention to host [[2011 Cricket World Cup|2011 WC's]] games but was not able to do that due to construction delays. Pune city has hosted a game each in [[1987 Cricket World Cup|1987]] and [[1996 Cricket World Cup|1996 World Cup]] between Sri Lanka–England and Kenya–West Indies respectively at the [[Swargate|Swargate's]] [[Nehru Stadium, Pune|Nehru stadium]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Pune to host five ICC World Cup matches after 27 years of wait |url=https://www.lokmattimes.com/maharashtra/pune-to-host-five-icc-world-cup-matches-after-27-years-of-wait/ |website=[[Lokmat|Lokmat Times]]}}</ref>

==Statistics==
===List of centuries===
{{Original research section|date=November 2021}}{{Unreferenced section|date=November 2021}}

===Key===
* '''*''' denotes that the batsman was [[not out]].
* '''Inns.''' denotes the number of the innings in the match.
* '''Balls''' denotes the number of [[Delivery (cricket)|balls]] faced in an innings.
* '''NR''' denotes that the number of balls was not recorded.
* Parentheses next to the player's score denotes his century number at Edgbaston.
* The column title '''Date''' refers to the date the match started.
* The column title '''Result''' refers to the player's team result

====Test centuries====

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%"
|-
! No. !! Score !! Player !! Team !! Balls !! Inns. !! Opposing team !! Date !! Result
|-
| 1 || 109 || [[Steve Smith (cricketer, born 1989)|Steve Smith]] || {{cr|AUS}} || 202 || 3 || {{cr|IND}} || 23 February 2017 || Won<ref name=test2250>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/10839/scorecard/1062573/india-vs-australia-1st-test-ind-v-aus-2016-17 |title=1st Test, Australia tour of India at Pune, Feb 23-25 2017|work=ESPN Cricinfo| access-date=24 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 2 || 108 || [[Mayank Agarwal]] || {{cr|IND}} || 195 || 1 || {{cr|SA}} || 10 October 2019 || | Won<ref name=test2364>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/19430/game/1187008/india-vs-south-africa-2nd-test-icc-world-test-championship-2019-2021 |title=2nd Test, ICC World Test Championship at Pune, Oct 10-14 2019 |work=ESPN Cricinfo| access-date=10 October 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 3 || 254* || [[Virat Kohli]] || {{cr|IND}} || 336 || 1 || {{cr|SA}} || 10 October 2019 || | Won<ref name=test2364 />
|}

===One Day Internationals===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%"
|-
! No. !! Score !! Player !! Team !! Balls !! Inns. !! Opposing team !! Date !! Result
|-
| 1 || 122 || Virat Kohli || {{cr|IND}} || 105 || 2 || {{cr|ENG}} || 15 January 2017 || Won<ref name=odi3819>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/10732/scorecard/1034819/india-vs-england-1st-odi-england-tour-of-india-2016-17 |title=1st ODI (D/N), England tour of India at Pune, Jan 15 2017|work=ESPN Cricinfo| access-date=24 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 2 || 120 || [[Kedar Jadhav]] || {{cr|IND}} || 76 || 2 || {{cr|ENG}} || 15 January 2017 || Won<ref name=odi3819 />
|-
| 3 || 107 || Virat Kohli || {{cr|IND}} || 119 || 2 || {{cr|West Indies}} || 27 October 2018 || Lost<ref name=odi4062>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/18902/scorecard/1157756/india-vs-west-indies-3rd-odi-west-indies-in-india-2018-19 |title=3rd ODI (D/N), West Indies tour of India at Pune, Oct 27 2018|work=ESPN Cricinfo| access-date=24 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 4 || 108 || [[KL Rahul]] || {{cr|IND}} || 114 || 1 || {{cr|ENG}} || 26 March 2021 || Lost<ref name=odi4283>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-india-2020-21-1243364/india-vs-england-2nd-odi-1243394/full-scorecard |title=2nd ODI (D/N), Pune, Mar 26 2021, England tour of India|work=ESPNcricinfo| access-date=26 March 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 5 || 124 || [[Jonny Bairstow]] || {{cr|ENG}} || 112 || 2 || {{cr|IND}} || 26 March 2021 || Won<ref name=odi4283/>
|}

===List of five wicket hauls===
{{Original research section|date=November 2021}}

===Key===
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
! Symbol
! Meaning
|-
|{{dagger}}
|The bowler was [[Man of the match#Cricket|man of the match]]
|-
|{{double-dagger}}
|10 or more wickets taken in the match
|-
|§
|One of two five-wicket hauls by the bowler in the match
|-
|'''Date'''
|Day the [[Test cricket|Test]] started or [[One Day International|ODI]] was held
|-
|'''Inn'''
|[[Innings#Cricket|Innings]] in which five-wicket haul was taken
|-
|'''Overs'''
|Number of [[Over (cricket)|overs]] bowled.
|-
|'''Runs'''
|Number of [[Run (cricket)|runs]] conceded
|-
|'''Wkts'''
|Number of [[Wicket#Dismissing a batsman|wickets]] taken
|-
|'''Econ'''
|[[Cricket statistics#Bowling statistics|Runs conceded per over]]
|-
|'''Batsmen'''
|[[Batting (cricket)|Batsmen]] whose wickets were taken
|-
|'''Drawn'''
|The match was [[Draw (cricket)|drawn]].
|}

===Tests===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 100%"
|- align=center
! scope="col" width="38"|No.
! scope="col" width="145"|Bowler
! scope="col" width="220"|Date
! scope="col" width="120"|Team
! scope="col" width="120"|Opposing team
! scope="col" width="60"|Inn
! scope="col" width="82"|Overs
! scope="col" width="70"|Runs
! scope="col" width="60"|Wkts
! scope="col" width="70"|Econ
! scope="col" width="160" class="unsortable" |Batsmen
! scope="col" width="70"|Result
|-align="center"
|scope="row"| 1 || [[Steve O'Keefe]] {{dagger}} {{double-dagger}} §|| {{dts|format=dmy|2017|2|23}} || {{cr|AUS}} || {{cr|IND}} || {{nts|2}} || {{nts|13.1}} || {{nts|35}} || {{sort|6}} || {{nts|2.65}} || align=left |
*[[K. L. Rahul]]
*[[Ajinkya Rahane]]
*[[Wriddhiman Saha]]
*[[Jayant Yadav]]
*[[Ravindra Jadeja]]
*[[Umesh Yadav]]
|| Won <ref name=test2250 />
|-align="center"
|scope="row"| 2 || Steve O'Keefe {{dagger}} {{double-dagger}} §|| {{dts|format=dmy|2017|2|23}} || {{cr|AUS}} || {{cr|IND}} || {{nts|4}} || {{nts|15}} || {{nts|35}} || {{sort|6}} || {{nts|2.33}} || align=left |
*[[Murali Vijay]]
*[[Virat Kohli]]
*[[Ajinkya Rahane]]
*[[Ravichandran Ashwin]]
*[[Wriddhiman Saha]]
*[[Cheteshwar Pujara]]
|| Won <ref name=test2250 />
|}

==Gallery==

[[File:Sahara Stadium.jpg|thumb|MCA stadium from outside|center]]
==See also==
* [[Sports in Maharashtra]]
* [[Cricket in India]]
* [[Sports in India]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links ==
*[http://www.hopkins.co.uk/projects/3/135/ hopkins] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226082257/https://www.hopkins.co.uk/projects/3/135/%20 |date=26 December 2018 }}

{{Pune topics}}
{{List of cricket grounds in India}}
{{Indian Premier League}}
{{Coord|18|40|28|N|73|42|23|E|display=title|type:landmark}}

[[Category:Buildings by Hopkins Architects]]
[[Category:Cricket grounds in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Sports venues in Pune]]
[[Category:Sports venues completed in 2012]]
[[Category:Cricket grounds in Pune]]
[[Category:Sport in Pimpri-Chinchwad]]
[[Category:Test cricket grounds in India]]
[[Category : 2012 establishments in Pune]]
[[Category:2023 Cricket World Cup stadiums]]

Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium

2023-10-13T09:05:54Z

Shashktiwari:

{{short description|Cricket stadium}}
{{distinguish|Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox cricket ground
| ground_name = Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium
| nickname = New VCA Stadium
| image = VCA Nagpur,India.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = VCA Stadium, Jamtha, Nagpur
| country = India
| location = [[Nagpur]], [[Maharashtra]]
|architect = [[Shashi Prabhu]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Rajaram |first=Sowmya |url=http://www.mid-day.com/news/2011/mar/270311-wankhede-stadium-narrow-seats-mumbai.htm |title=Going for WC finals? You've bought backache and discomfort for Rs 12,500 |publisher=Mid-day.com |date=2011-03-27 |access-date=2012-12-13}}</ref>
| establishment = 2008
| seating_capacity = 45,000<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium |work=espncricinfo.com |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/ground/375326.html |access-date=2022-11-10}}</ref>
| owner = [[Vidarbha Cricket Association]]
| operator = [[Vidarbha Cricket Association]]
| tenants = [[Vidarbha cricket team]]
| end1 = Secretary End
| end2 = Pavilion End
| international = true
| firsttestdate = 6–10 November
| firsttestyear = 2008
| firsttesthome = India
| firsttestaway = Australia
| lasttestdate = 9–11 February
| lasttestyear = 2023
| lasttesthome = India
| lasttestaway = Australia
| firstodidate = 28 October
| firstodiyear = 2009
| firstodihome = India
| firstodiaway = Australia
| lastodidate = 5 March
| lastodiyear = 2019
| lastodihome = India
| lastodiaway = Australia
| firstt20idate = 9 December
| firstt20iyear = 2009
| firstt20ihome = India
| firstt20iaway = Sri Lanka
| lastt20idate = 23 September
| lastt20iyear = 2022
| lastt20ihome = India
| lastt20iaway = Australia
| firstwodidate = 6 April
| firstwodiyear = 2016
| firstwodihome = India
| firstwodiaway = England
| lastwodidate = 12 April
| lastwodiyear = 2016
| lastwodihome = India
| lastwodiaway = England
| firstwt20idate = 18 March
| firstwt20iyear = 2016
| firstwt20ihome = Australia
| firstwt20iaway = South Africa
| lastwt20idate = 21 March
| lastwt20iyear = 2016
| lastwt20ihome = Australia
| lastwt20iaway = New Zealand
| date = 11 February
| year = 2023
| source = http://www.cricinfo.com/india/content/ground/375326.html Cricinfo
}}

The '''Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium''', also known as '''New VCA Stadium''', is a [[cricket]] stadium in [[Nagpur, Maharashtra]], India. It is the largest cricket stadium in India in terms of field area, and the qualities of the stadium have been praised by the [[International Cricket Council]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131224101116/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-07-02/top-stories/28322831_1_host-third-vca-stadium-wankhede-stadium Nagpur likely to host third India-New Zealand Test – Times Of India]. Articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com (2010-07-02). Retrieved on 2013-12-23.</ref>

The stadium is located at Jamtha on the southern outskirts of Nagpur and was inaugurated in 2008, replacing the old [[Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground]] as the city's main stadium. The VCA Stadium is the home ground for the [[Vidarbha cricket team|Vidarbha]] and [[Central Zone cricket team|Central Zone]] cricket teams for the domestic [[Ranji Trophy]] and [[Duleep Trophy]] tournaments respectively. As of January 2020 it has hosted more [[Twenty20 International|T20I]] matches (12) than any other stadium in India. As of 10 November 2019 it has hosted 6 [[Test cricket|Tests]], 9 [[One Day International|ODIs]] and 12 [[Twenty20 International|T20Is]].

==Overview==
[[File:VCA.svg|thumb|Layout of the VCA Stadium]]

[[Sachin Tendulkar]] said "the facilities exceeded all expectations" and [[Ricky Ponting]] commented on the comfort in the changing rooms.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indvaus2008/content/story/377218.html|title=Spectator-friendly minus the spectators|work=Cricinfo}}</ref>
[[Rajasthan Royals]] skipper [[Shane Warne]] was extremely pleased with the "largeness of the ground" after his team's two-run win over [[Deccan Chargers]]. "[[Michael Lumb (cricketer)|Michael Lumb]]'s slog to deep mid-wicket found a fielder. Now, if this was [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]] or [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], then that ball would have landed in a taxi going to the team hotel. We need big grounds like these," Warne said.<ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/sport/report-bowlers-in-with-a-chance-at-the-vca-stadium-in-nagpur-1370289 Bowlers in with a chance at the VCA stadium in Nagpur – Sport – DNA]. Dnaindia.com. Retrieved on 2013-12-23.</ref> It has 80-yard straight boundaries and 85-yard square boundaries, which makes it one of the largest grounds (in terms of playing area) in the world.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite web |url=http://www.bcci.tv/bcci/bccitv/community/venues/venue/4d1dd0ab8f09d |title= Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium, Nagpur | Venues | BCCI|website=www.bcci.tv |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102005833/http://www.bcci.tv/bcci/bccitv/community/venues/venue/4d1dd0ab8f09d |archive-date=2 November 2013}}</ref>

[[Lalit Modi]] said the VCA was "by far the best stadium in India". The stadium has been praised not only by the players but also by commentators and journalists because of the facilities.<ref name="autogenerated2"/> [[Alan Wilkins (cricketer)|Alan Wilkins]] said, "It is a fabulous stadium, a Colosseum here in [[Nagpur]]. It has the most impressive [[Press box]] for the travelling media. It really is a wonderful venue."

The first international match at this venue was the Fourth Test between [[India cricket team|India]] and [[Australia cricket team|Australia]] in November 2008, which India won by 172 runs. The Australian spinner [[Jason Krejza]] finished with 12 wickets, while [[Harbhajan Singh]] claimed seven for India.

Four matches were played at the stadium during the [[2011 Cricket World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://icc-cricket.yahoo.net/events_and_awards/CWC/fixtures.php |title=International Cricket Council - Cricket World Cup 2011 - Fixtures |access-date=15 December 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100110075851/http://icc-cricket.yahoo.net/events_and_awards/CWC/fixtures.php |archive-date=10 January 2010 }}</ref> The highest Test scores are by India: 566/8, 558/6 and 441. The leading run scorers in Tests are [[Virendar Sehwag]] (357), [[Virat Kohli]] (354) and [[MS Dhoni]] (339). The leading wicket takers in a Test are [[R Ashwin]] (23 wickets), [[Ishant Sharma]] (19) and [[Harbhajan Singh]] (13 wickets). The highest ODI scores are by India 354/7, India 351/4, Australia 350/6, New Zealand 302/7 and Sri Lanka 302/7. The leading scorers in ODIs are [[Virat Kohli]] (325), [[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]] (268) and [[Rohit Sharma]] (204). The leading wicket takers in ODIs are [[Mitchell Johnson (cricketer)|Mitchell Johnson]] (9 wickets), [[Ravindra Jadeja]] (6 wickets) and Dale Steyn (5) and Harbhajan Singh (5).

{{wide image|Panoramic view of VCA stadium,nagpur.jpg|1100px|align-cap=center|Panoramic view of VCA Stadium, Nagpur}}

==Various format record==
===Test records===
* '''Highest team total''': 610/6d, by [[India national cricket team|India]] against [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]] in 2017/18.
* '''Lowest team total''': 79, by [[South African national cricket team|South Africa]] against [[Indian national cricket team|India]] in 2015/16.
* '''Highest individual score''': 253[[not out|*]], by [[Hashim Amla]] (South Africa) against [[Indian national cricket team|India]] in 2010/11.
* '''Best bowling in an innings''': 8/215, by [[Jason Krejza]] (Australia) against [[India national cricket team|India]] in 2008/09.
*'''Most runs scored by a player''': [[Virendar Sehwag]] 357.
*'''Most wickets taken''': [[Ravichandran Ashwin]] 27.

===ODI records===
* '''Highest team total''': 354/7, by [[India cricket team|India]] against [[Australian national cricket team|Australia]] in 2009/10<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/indvaus2009/content/story/431723.html Big-hitting Dhoni helps level series | India v Australia, 2nd ODI, Nagpur Report | Cricket News]. ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved on 2013-12-23.</ref>
* '''Lowest team total''': 123, by [[Canadian national cricket team|Canada]] against [[Zimbabwean national cricket team|Zimbabwe]] on 28 February 2011.
* '''Highest individual score''': 156, by [[George Bailey (cricketer, born 1982)|George Bailey]] against [[Indian national cricket team|India]] in 2013/14.
* '''Most runs scored by a player''': [[Virat Kohli]]- 325 runs, followed by [[MS Dhoni]]- 268 runs and [[Rohit Sharma]]- 204 runs.
* '''Best bowling in an innings''': 4/33, by [[Mitchell Johnson (cricketer)|Mitchell Johnson]] against [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]] in February 2011.
*'''Most wickets taken''': [[Mitchell Johnson (cricketer)|Mitchell Johnson]]- 9 wickets and [[Ravindra Jadeja]] - 6 wickets.

===T20I records===
* '''Highest team total''': 219/5, by [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]] against [[India national cricket team|India]] in 2009/10.
* '''Lowest team total''': 79/10, by [[Indian national cricket team|India]] against [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]] in 2016/17.
* '''Highest individual score''': 81, by [[Mohammad Naim]] against [[Indian national cricket team|India]] in 2019/20.
* '''Best bowling in an innings''': 6/7 by [[Deepak Chahar]] against [[Bangladesh national cricket team|Bangladesh]] in 2019/20.

== List of five wicket hauls in international cricket ==

===Tests===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Five-wicket hauls in Men's Test matches at VCA Stadium<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bowling records {{!}} Test matches {{!}} Cricinfo Statsguru {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;ground=2399;orderby=start;size=200;template=results;type=bowling;view=innings;wicketsmin1=5;wicketsval1=wickets|access-date=2023-02-12|website=Cricinfo}}</ref>
|-
! No.
! Bowler
! Date
! Team
! Opposing Team
! scope="col" style="width:20px;"|Inn
! scope="col" style="width:20px;"|O
! scope="col" style="width:20px;"|R
! scope="col" style="width:20px;"|W
! Result
|-
| 1
| {{sortname|Jason|Krezja}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2008|11|6}} || {{cr|AUS}} || {{cr|IND}} || {{nts|1}} || {{nts|43.5}} || {{nts|215}} || {{nts|8}}
| India won<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/345672.html|title=4th Test, Nagpur, November 6-10, 2008, Australia tour of India|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=12 February 2023}}</ref>
|-
| 2
| {{sortname|Dale|Steyn}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2010|2|6}} || {{cr|SA}} || {{cr|IND}} || {{nts|2}} || {{nts|16.4}} || {{nts|51}} || {{nts|7}}
| South Africa won<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/441825.html|title=1st Test, Nagpur, February 6-9, 2010, South Africa tour of India|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=12 February 2023}}</ref>
|-
| 3
| {{sortname|Ravichandran|Ashwin}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2015|11|25}} || {{cr|IND}} || {{cr|SA}} || {{nts|2}} || {{nts|16.1}} || {{nts|32}} || {{nts|5}}
| India won<ref name="INDvSA2015">{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/903607.html|title=3rd Test, Nagpur, November 25-27, 2015, South Africa tour of India|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=12 February 2023}}</ref>
|-
| 4
| {{sortname|Imran|Tahir}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2015|11|25}} || {{cr|SA}} || {{cr|IND}} || {{nts|3}} || {{nts|11.3}} || {{nts|38}} || {{nts|5}}
| India won<ref name="INDvSA2015"/>
|-
| 5
| {{sortname|Ravichandran|Ashwin}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2015|11|25}} || {{cr|IND}} || {{cr|SA}} || {{nts|4}} || {{nts|29.5}} || {{nts|66}} || {{nts|7}}
| India won<ref name="INDvSA2015"/>
|-
| 6
| {{sortname|Ravindra|Jadeja}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|2|9}} || {{cr|IND}} || {{cr|AUS}} || {{nts|1}} || {{nts|22}} || {{nts|47}} || {{nts|5}}
| India won<ref name="INDvAUS2023">{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1348652.html|title=1st Test, Nagpur, February 09-11, 2023, Australia tour of India|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=12 February 2023}}</ref>
|-
| 7
| {{sortname|Todd|Murphy}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|2|9}} || {{cr|AUS}} || {{cr|IND}} || {{nts|2}} || {{nts|47}} || {{nts|124}} || {{nts|7}}
| India won<ref name="INDvAUS2023"/>
|-
| 8
| {{sortname|Ravichandran|Ashwin}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|2|9}} || {{cr|IND}} || {{cr|AUS}} || {{nts|3}} || {{nts|12}} || {{nts|37}} || {{nts|5}}
| India won<ref name="INDvAUS2023"/>
|}

===One Day Internationals===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Five-wicket hauls in Men's ODI matches at VCA Stadium<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bowling records {{!}} ODI matches {{!}} Cricinfo Statsguru {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=2;filter=advanced;ground=2399;orderby=start;size=200;template=results;type=bowling;view=innings;wicketsmin1=5;wicketsval1=wickets|access-date=2023-02-12|website=Cricinfo}}</ref>
|-
! No.
! Bowler
! Date
! Team
! Opposing Team
! scope="col" style="width:20px;"|Inn
! scope="col" style="width:20px;"|O
! scope="col" style="width:20px;"|R
! scope="col" style="width:20px;"|W
! Result
|-
| 1
| {{sortname|Dale|Steyn}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2011|3|12}} || {{cr|SA}} || {{cr|IND}} || {{nts|1}} || {{nts|9.3}} || {{nts|50}} || {{nts|5}}
| South Africa won<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/433586.html|title=29th Match, Group B (D/N), ICC Cricket World Cup at Nagpur, Mar 12 2011|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=12 February 2023}}</ref>
|}

===Twenty20 Internationals===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Five-wicket hauls in Men's T20I matches at VCA Stadium<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bowling records {{!}} T20I matches {{!}} Cricinfo Statsguru {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=3;filter=advanced;ground=2399;orderby=start;size=200;template=results;type=bowling;view=innings;wicketsmin1=5;wicketsval1=wickets|access-date=2023-02-12|website=Cricinfo}}</ref>
|-
! No.
! Bowler
! Date
! Team
! Opposing Team
! scope="col" style="width:20px;"|Inn
! scope="col" style="width:20px;"|O
! scope="col" style="width:20px;"|R
! scope="col" style="width:20px;"|W
! Result
|-
| 1
| {{sortname|Deepak|Chahar}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2019|11|10}} || {{cr|IND}} || {{cr|BAN}} || {{nts|2}} || {{nts|3.2}} || {{nts|7}} || {{nts|6}}
| India won<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1187015.html|title=3rd T20I (N), Bangladesh tour of India at Nagpur, Nov 10 2019|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=12 February 2023}}</ref>
|}

==Gallery==
<gallery class="center" mode="packed" heights="165" caption="Photo Gallery of the VCA Stadium">
File:VCA,Nagpur.jpg|Ground view
File:Scorecard control room.jpg|The on ground scorecard and big screen control room
File:VCA stadium.jpg|VCA at night
File:Corporate box.jpg|The corporate box in north wing
File:VCA stadium Nagpur.jpg|The stadium as seen from a train in Nagpur
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground]]
* [[List of Test cricket grounds]]
* [[List of stadiums by capacity]]
* [[List of cricket grounds by capacity]]
* [[List of cricket grounds in India]]
* [[List of stadiums in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://vca.co.in Official Vidarbha Cricket Association Website]
*[http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/indvaus2008/content/ground/375326.html VCA Stadium]
*[http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/indvaus2008/content/current/image/index.html?object=345672 Inaugural match photos]
*[http://www.howstat.com.au/cricket/Statistics/Grounds/GroundStats.asp?GroundCode=208 Stadium's Statistics]
*[http://www.mh-31.com/nagpur/beautiful-photos-nagpur/clean-green-nagpur/271-vca-stadium-jamtha-nagpur Nagpur Photos: Jamtha Cricket Stadium]

{{coord|21|00|48.86|N|79|02|22.57|E|type:landmark|display=title}}

{{Nagpur}}
{{List of cricket grounds in India}}
{{Test cricket grounds in India}}

[[Category:Test cricket grounds in India]]
[[Category:Sport in Nagpur]]
[[Category:Vidarbha]]
[[Category:Sports venues in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Sports venues in Nagpur]]
[[Category:Cricket grounds in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Nagpur]]
[[Category:Cricket in Vidarbha]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Sports venues completed in 2008]]
[[Category:2011 Cricket World Cup stadiums]]

Wankhede Stadium

2023-10-13T09:02:19Z

Shashktiwari:

{{short description|Cricket stadium in Mumbai, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2011}}
{{Infobox venue
| name = Wankhede Stadium
| image = Wankhede ICC WCF.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = Wankhede Stadium during the [[2011 Cricket World Cup Final]]
| address = Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Rd, Churchgate, Mumbai ([[South Mumbai|South]]), Maharashtra, India
| location = [[Churchgate]], [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| seating_type = [[Stadium seating]]
| seating_capacity = 32,000 (2011–present)<ref name="2013 capacity" /> 39,000 (1974–2010)<ref name="2013 capacity" />
| publictransit = {{rint|Bus}}
{{rint|mumbai|metro}} {{rint|mumbai|suburban}} at the [[Churchgate railway station|Churchgate]]
| owner = [[Mumbai Cricket Association]]
| architect = Shashi Prabhu and Associates (1974) [[Shashi Prabhu]] and Associates and P.K. Das and associates (2017)
| operator = [[Mumbai Cricket Association]]
| embedded = {{Infobox cricket ground|embed=yes
| ground_name = Wankhede Stadium
| tenants = [[Mumbai cricket team]] [[Mumbai Indians]] [[India national cricket team]]
| end1 = {{pad|2em}} Tata End {{pad|2em}} [[Image:WankhedeStadiumCricketGroundPitchDimensions.svg|250px]]
| end2 = Garware Pavilion End
| international = true
| first test date = 23–29 January
| first test year = 1975<ref name="Inglis2000"/>
| firsttestdate = 23–29 January
| firsttestyear =1975
| firsttesthome = India
| firsttestaway = West Indies
| lasttestdate = 3–7 December
| lasttestyear = 2021
| lasttesthome = India
| lasttestaway = New Zealand
| firstodidate = 17 January
| firstodiyear = 1987
| firstodihome = India
| firstodiaway = Sri Lanka
| lastodidate = 17 March
| lastodiyear = 2023
| lastodihome = India
| lastodiaway = Australia
| firstt20idate = 22 December
| firstt20iyear = 2012
| firstt20ihome = India
| firstt20iaway = England
| lastt20idate = 3 January
| lastt20iyear = 2023
| lastt20ihome = India
| lastt20iaway = Sri Lanka
| onlywtestdate = 10–13 February
| onlywtestyear = 1984
| onlywtesthome = India
| onlywtestaway = Australia
| firstwodidate = 23 December
| firstwodiyear = 1997
| firstwodihome = Ireland
| firstwodiaway = New Zealand
| lastwodidate = 28 February
| lastwodiyear = 2019
| lastwodihome = India
| lastwodiaway = England
| onlywt20idate = 31 March
| onlywt20iyear = 2016
| onlywt20ihome = West Indies
| onlywt20iaway = New Zealand
| date = 17 March
| year = 2023
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/ground/58324.html Cricinfo
}}
| surface = Grass
}}

'''Wankhede Stadium''' (pronounced [[Help:IPA/Marathi|[ʋaːnkʰeɖe]]]) is an international [[cricket stadium]] in [[Mumbai]], India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/ja/article/ywqwyj/in-search-of-indias-football-culture-with-mumbai-fcs-yellow-brigade|title=クリケットの街から眺めるインドサッカー界の未来|trans-title=The future of Indian football seen from the city of cricket|language=ja|website=vice.com|publisher=Vice Japan|first=Kit|last=Caless|date=19 February 2017|access-date=28 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128164820/https://www.vice.com/ja/article/ywqwyj/in-search-of-indias-football-culture-with-mumbai-fcs-yellow-brigade|archive-date=28 January 2022}}</ref> It is owned and operated by [[Mumbai Cricket Association]] (MCA) and is the home ground of the [[Mumbai Indians]]. It houses the headquarters of MCA, the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (BCCI), and the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL).

The stadium is situated near [[Marine Drive, Mumbai|Marine Drive]] in the [[Churchgate]] neighbourhood. Several old cricket clubs are near the stadium, including [[Hindu Gymkhana, Mumbai|Hindu Gymkhana]], [[Parsi Gymkhana, Marine Drive|Parsi Gymkhana]] and [[Cricket Club of India]] (CCI).

The stadium has been host to numerous high-profile cricket matches in the past, most notably the [[2011 Cricket World Cup Final]], in which India defeated Sri Lanka and became the first country to win the Cricket World Cup on home soil. It hosted the last match of [[Sachin Tendulkar|Sachin Tendulkar's]] international career.

==History ==

=== Previous stadiums ===
Mumbai has seen Test matches played at three different grounds. The [[Bombay Gymkhana|Mumbai Gymkhana]] ground hosted the first-ever Test in India, in 1933–34 against [[England cricket team|England]]. After [[World War II]], the [[Cricket Club of India|Cricket Club of India's]] (CCI) [[Brabourne Stadium]] – the second ground of the city – was used for 17 Tests.

=== Construction ===
Wankhede Stadium was built after disputes between the CCI, which owns Brabourne Stadium, and the [[Mumbai Cricket Association|Bombay Cricket Association]] (BCA; now Mumbai Cricket Association) over the allocation of tickets for cricket matches.<ref name="ci">{{cite web | url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/ground/58317.html | title=Cricinfo: Brabourne Stadium | access-date=5 March 2011 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> This became severe after the Test between [[India national cricket team|India]] and [[England cricket team|England]] in 1973. At the initiative of [[S. K. Wankhede]], a politician and the secretary of the Mumbai Cricket Association, BCA built the new stadium in [[South Mumbai|South Bombay]] (now South Mumbai) near the [[Churchgate]] station by appointing [[Shashi Prabhu|Shashi Prabhu & Associates]] as their architects and B.E. Billimoria & Co as the contractors. It was named after Wankhede in 1974.{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}} It was built in approximately 13 months and opened in time for the final Test between India and the [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]] in 1975.<ref name="Inglis2000">{{cite book|last=Inglis|first=Simon|title=Sightlines: a stadium odyssey|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PrwzAQAAIAAJ|access-date=20 May 2012|date=25 May 2000|publisher=Yellow Jersey|isbn=978-0-224-05968-8}}</ref> Since then, Wankhede Stadium has been the main cricketing venue in the city.

Wankhede Stadium staged its first Test in the 1974–75 season when the [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]] toured India; India lost by 201 runs. The Test also featured a crowd disturbance after a fan who rushed onto the ground to greet West Indies player [[Clive Lloyd]] was treated roughly by the police. India's first victory at the stadium was against [[New Zealand cricket team|New Zealand]] two seasons later. The stadium has been a witness to great innings like [[Sunil Gavaskar]]'s 205 against the West Indies and [[Alvin Kallicharan]]'s 187 in the same game in the 1978–79 series and all-round heroics like [[Ian Botham]]'s century and thirteen wickets in the Jubilee Test in 1979–80, which England won by ten wickets. The highest score by an Indian at the Wankhede Stadium is [[Virat Kohli]]'s 235 against England in 2016–17. Incidentally [[Ravi Shastri]]'s six sixes in an over off Baroda's Tilak Raj in [[Ranji Trophy]], en route to the fastest double-hundred in first-class cricket were recorded on this ground in 1984–85. His unbeaten 200 in 113 minutes off 123 balls with 13 fours and 13 sixes at this ground is the fastest double century in first-class cricket since the 2017–18 season when Shafiqullah Shafaq scored a double century in 89 balls.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cricblogg.com/wankhede-stadium/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230055306/https://www.cricblogg.com/wankhede-stadium/ |archive-date=30 December 2019 |title=Wankhede Stadium - CricBlogg}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.t20wclive.com/wankhede-stadium/|title = Every T20 record at the Wankhede Stadium | Highest total to highest run-scorer|date = 13 October 2021}}</ref>

=== Reconstruction ===
Since ICC World Cup Cricket 2011 was to be hosted by India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka, and Mumbai was selected to host the final, it was decided to redevelop the Wankhede Stadium to suit the modern facilities and comfort of spectators.

The Managing Committee invited presentations from reputed Architects and shortlisted M/s. P.K. Das & Associates and M/s. Shashi Prabhu & Associates to jointly draw up a project for the redevelopment of the Wankhede Stadium. While redeveloping the Stadium, major changes were at the North end and the South end with better facilities for the spectators in terms of bucket seating, a large number of toilets, and food courts.

While MCA undertook the redevelopment of Wankhede Stadium, the ground was not available for domestic and international cricket until February 2011. In order to ensure that MCA did not miss out on the turn of Test and ODI matches and also to develop a healthy working relationship with the Cricket Club of India.

One of the highlights of the stadium is the suspended cantilever roofs. The Teflon fabric roof is lighter in weight and heat resistant. There is no beam support for the roof to ensure that the spectators will have a better view. On the roof, there are exhaust fans that suck the hot air from the stands and allow the breeze from the West to flow in. The stadium has 20 elevators for North and South stands.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mumbaicricket.com/mca/Wankhede_Stadium.asp | title=MCA: Wankhede Stadium | access-date=21 February 2012 | publisher=mumbaicricket.com | archive-date=31 May 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531105312/http://www.mumbaicricket.com/mca/Wankhede_Stadium.asp | url-status=dead }}</ref>

The stadium has a capacity of 32,000, following renovations for the [[2011 Cricket World Cup]]. Before the upgrade, the capacity was approximately 39,000.<ref name="2013 capacity">{{cite web |last=Janardhan |first=Arun |date=17 October 2013 |title=Sachin's last Test: Wankhede braces for ticket rush |url=http://www.livemint.com/Consumer/PQR8O1AvaKtOF424UZSqRO/Tendulkars-last-Test-Wankhede-braces-up-for-ticket-rush.html |access-date=18 March 2018 |website=livemint.com}}</ref>

=== World Cup 2023 ===

Wankhede Stadium is proposed to be used as one of the venues for World Cup 2023. The up-gradation of the stadium is currently in works where [[Shashi Prabhu|Shashi Prabhu & Associates]] have once again been appointed to oversee the restoration of entire outfield. The matches will be played in October, 2023.

===Pitch===
The entire square is made of local red soil which gives extra bounce thus making batting slightly easier. The pitch over the years has generally favoured the batters more than the bowlers. However, the pitch came into serious criticism during the 4th test of [[Australian cricket team in India in 2004-05|Border Gavaskar Trophy 2004]] where the test match ended in just around two-and-a half days apparently resulting in India's win and was declared a "Minefield" by then Aussies skipper Ricky Ponting as the ball started turning very sharply right from the 1st session of the game. Generally, the pace bowlers get some help off the pitch here with the new ball due to sea-breeze flow along the stadium.

== Cricket World Cup ==

This stadium has hosted 20 One Day International (ODI) matches every time that India has hosted the Cricket World Cup:

===1987 Cricket World Cup===
{{Limited overs international
| date = 17 October 1987
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}
| score1 = 136/2 (27.5 overs)
| score2 = 135 (44.2 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|ZIM}}
| runs1 = [[Dilip Vengsarkar]] 46*(37)
| wickets1 = [[John Traicos]] 2/27 (8 overs)
| runs2 = [[Andrew Pycroft]] 61 (102)
| wickets2 = [[Manoj Prabhakar]] 4/19 (8 overs)
| result = India won by 8 wickets
| report = [http://www.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65101.html Scorecard]
| venue =
| umpires = [[Mahboob Shah]] and [[David Shepherd (umpire)|David Shepherd]]
| mom = [[Manoj Prabhakar]]
}}
{{Limited overs international
| date = 5 November 1987
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}
| score1 = 219 (45.3 overs)
| score2 = 254/6 (50 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|ENG}}
| runs1 = [[Mohammad Azharuddin]] 64 (74)
| wickets1 = [[Eddie Hemmings (cricketer)|Eddie Hemmings]] 4/52 (9.3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Graham Gooch]] 115 (136)
| wickets2 = [[Maninder Singh (cricketer)|Maninder Singh]] 3/54 (10 overs)
| result = England won by 35 runs
| report = [http://www.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65116.html Scorecard]
| venue =
| umpires = [[Tony Crafter]] and [[Steve Woodward]]
| motm = [[Graham Gooch]]
}}

===1996 Cricket World Cup===
{{Limited overs international
| date = 27 February 1996
| team1 = {{cr-rt|AUS}}
| score1 = 258 (50 overs)
| score2 = 242 (48 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}
| runs1 = [[Mark Waugh]] 126 (135)
| wickets1 = [[Venkatapathy Raju]] 2/48 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Sachin Tendulkar]] 90(84)
| wickets2 = [[Damien Fleming]] 5/36 (9 overs)
| result = Australia won by 16 runs
| report = [http://content.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65174.html Scorecard]
| venue =
| umpires = [[Steve Dunne (cricket umpire)|Steve Dunne]] and [[David Shepherd (umpire)|David Shepherd]]
| mom = [[Mark Waugh]]
| rain =
}}

===2011 Cricket World Cup===
{{Limited overs international
| date = 13 March 2011
| team1 = {{cr-rt|NZ}}
| score1 = 358/6 (50 overs)
| score2 = 261/9 (50 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|CAN}}
| runs1 = [[Brendon McCullum]] 101(109)
| wickets1 = [[Jacob Oram]] 3/47 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ashish Bagai]] 84(87)
| wickets2 = [[Harvir Baidwan]] 3/84 (9.1 overs)
| result = New Zealand won by 97 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc_cricket_worldcup2011/engine/match/433587.html Scorecard]
| venue =
| umpires = [[Bruce Oxenford]] and [[Shavir Tarapore]]
| mom = [[Brendon McCullum]]
}}
{{Limited overs international
| date = 18 March 2011
| team1 = {{cr-rt|SRI}}
| score1 = 265/9 (50 overs)
| score2 = 153/10 (35 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|NZ}}
| runs1 = [[Kumar Sangakkara]] 111(128)
| wickets1 = [[Muttiah Muralitharan]] 4/25 (8 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ross Taylor]] 33(55)
| wickets2 = [[Tim Southee]] 3/63 (10 overs)
| result = Sri Lanka won by 112 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc_cricket_worldcup2011/engine/match/433594.html Scorecard]
| venue =
| umpires = [[Asad Rauf]] and [[Richard Kettleborough]]
| motm = [[Kumar Sangakkara]]
}}
{{Limited overs international
| date = 2 April 2011
| team1 = {{cr-rt|SRI}}
| score1 = 274/6 (50 overs)
| score2 = 277/4 (48.2 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}
| runs1 = [[Mahela Jayawardene]] 103(88)
| wickets1 = [[Yuvraj Singh]] 2/49 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Gautam Gambhir]] 97(122)
| wickets2 = [[Lasith Malinga]] 2/42 (9 overs)
| result = India won by 6 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc_cricket_worldcup2011/engine/match/433606.html Scorecard]
| venue =[[2011 Cricket World Cup Final]]
| umpires = [[Aleem Dar]] and [[Simon Taufel]]
| motm = [[MS Dhoni]] 91*
}}

India became the first country to win the Cricket World Cup on home soil at Wankhede stadium.

== Other events ==

* In 2014, the swearing-in ceremony of former Maharashtra [[List of chief ministers of Maharashtra|chief minister]] and current [[List of deputy chief ministers of Maharashtra|deputy chief minister]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]] was held inside this arena.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-20 |title=BJP govt's swearing-in at Wankhede costed Rs 98.33 lakh: RTI |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/bjp-govt-s-swearing-in-at-wankhede-costed-rs-98-33-lakh-rti/story-aQLuflgAuSwddH6TcA3O9J.html |access-date=2022-09-18 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

== Record and Statistics ==
{{see also|List of international cricket centuries at the Wankhede Stadium}}
{{see also|List of international cricket five-wicket hauls at Wankhede Stadium}}

=== Test Records ===
* Highest total: 631-all out by India against England in the 2016/17 season.
* Lowest total: 62 by New Zealand against India in the 2021/22 season.
* The highest partnership at the Wankhede Stadium is 298 by DB Vengsarkar and RJ Shastri for India against Australia in the 1986/87 season.
*[[Sunil Gavaskar]] (1122 runs) has scored the most Test runs, followed by [[Sachin Tendulkar]] (921) and [[Dilip Vengsarkar]] (631).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?class=1;id=713;type=ground | title=Records: Wankhede Stadium, Mumbai: Test matches: Most runs | work=ESPN Cricinfo | access-date=15 October 2016}}</ref>
*[[Anil Kumble]] (38 wickets), [[R Ashwin]] (34 wickets)  and [[Kapil Dev]] (28)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?class=1;id=713;type=ground | title=Records: Wankhede Stadium, Mumbai: Test matches: Most wickets | work=ESPN Cricinfo | access-date=15 October 2016}}</ref>

=== ODI Records ===
* Highest total: 438/4 by South Africa against India in the [[South African cricket team in India in 2015–16|2015 One Day International Series]], then 358/6 by New Zealand, 299/4 by India and Sri Lanka 289/7.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/highest_innings_totals.html?class=2;id=713;type=ground | title=Records: Wankhede Stadium, Mumbai: One-Day Internationals: Highest totals | work=ESPN Cricinfo | access-date=15 October 2016}}</ref>
* Lowest total: 115 all out by Bangladesh against India in the 1998 season.
* Sachin Tendulkar (455 runs) has scored the most ODI runs, followed by [[Mohammed Azharuddin]] (302) and [[Virat Kohli]] (249).
* [[Venkatesh Prasad]] (15 wickets), [[Anil Kumble]] (12) and [[Harbhajan Singh]] (9).

=== T20I Records ===
* Highest total: 240/3 by India against West Indies on 11 Dec 2019
* Lowest total: 135/7 by Sri Lanka against India on 24 Dec 2017(3rd match in 3 match t20 series).
*JE Root of England (131) has scored the most runs, followed by V Kohli of India (127), and CH Gayle of West Indies (104)

=== Stands ===
*[[Sunil Gavaskar]] Stand
*North Stand
*[[Vijay Merchant]] Stand
*[[Sachin Tendulkar]] Stand
*[[Mumbai Cricket Association|MCA]] Stand
*Vitthal Divecha Stand
*Garware Stand
*Grand Stand
{{Panorama
|image = File:Wankhede Panoramic ICC WCF.jpg
|alt = Wankhede Stadium during the first innings of the 2011 Cricket World Cup Final between Sri Lanka and India.
|caption = Panoramic shot of Wankhede Stadium during the [[2011 Cricket World Cup Final]] between Sri Lanka and India.
|height = 280
}}

== In media ==

* Some [[Shot (filmmaking)|shots]] of ''[[M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story]]'' (2016) Hindi film was filmed inside this arena.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Chennai Super Kings.jpg|Chennai Super Kings Wins Vs Kings XI Punjab at Wankhede in old structure
File:Wankhede-1.JPG|The stadium in 2006 during Test match.
File:Wankhede-2.jpg|A view through a stand before renovation
File:Wankhede-1.jpg|Before renovation - stands, floodlight tower from a spectator view from one of the stands.
File:Wankhede-main-entrance.jpg|Old entrance of the stadium
File:Wankhede.jpg|Before renovation, from the railway lines next to the stadium
File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi arrives at Wankhede Stadium for the swearing-in ceremony of the new Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Shri Devendra Fadnavis, in Mumbai on October 31, 2014.jpg|Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] in the arena in October 2014 during [[Maharashtra government|Maharashtra gov]] swearing-in.
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==[https://cricfacts.com/ipl-wankhede-stadium-schedule-pitch-report-and-tickets/ Some of IPL record at the wankhede Stadium][https://sportsrola.com/ Some of T20 record at the wankhede Stadium]
* [http://content.cricinfo.com/india/content/ground/58324.html Cricinfo – Wankhede Stadium]
* [https://dailysportsupdates.com/wankhede-stadium Wankhede Stadium Notable Events]
* [http://www.cricketweb.net/country/venue.php?CategoryIDAuto=12&VenueIDAuto=20 Cricketweb – Wankhede Stadium] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223234000/http://www.cricketweb.net/country/venue.php?CategoryIDAuto=12&VenueIDAuto=20 |date=23 February 2012 }}
* [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Grounds/14/1146.html Players, Teams statistics at Wankhede Stadium ]
* [http://www.mumbaicricket.com/mca/Wankhede_Stadium.asp MCA – Wankhede Stadium] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531105312/http://www.mumbaicricket.com/mca/Wankhede_Stadium.asp |date=31 May 2014 }}

{{coord|18|56|20.1|N|72|49|32.6|E|type:landmark|display=title}}

{{Navboxes|list1=
{{S-start-collapsible|header={{S-sta|et}}}}
{{Succession box
| title = [[Cricket World Cup]] Final Venue
| before = [[Kensington Oval]]
| after = [[Melbourne Cricket Ground|MCG]]
| years = [[2011 Cricket World Cup|2011]]
}}
{{End}}
{{List of cricket grounds in India}}
{{Test cricket grounds in India}}
{{Indian Premier League}}
{{Mumbai topics}}
{{Tourist attractions in Mumbai}}
}}

[[Category:Cricket in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Test cricket grounds in India]]
[[Category:Sports venues in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Cricket grounds in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:1987 Cricket World Cup stadiums]]
[[Category:1996 Cricket World Cup stadiums]]
[[Category:2011 Cricket World Cup stadiums]]
[[Category:Sports venues completed in 1974]]
[[Category:1974 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]

Firstpost

2023-10-13T00:23:13Z

Shashktiwari: /* History */ clarify per request (pl)

{{short description|Indian news organisation}}

{{italic title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox publisher
| name = ''Firstpost''
| image = Firstpost.com Logo.png
| image_size = 180px
| parent = [[Network18 Group]]
| status = Live
| traded_as =
| predecessor =
| founded =
| founder = 
| successor =
| country = [[India]]
| headquarters = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| distribution =
| keypeople = Palki Sharma Upadhyay {{small|(Managing Editor)}}
| publications =
| topics =
| genre =
| imprints =
| revenue =
| owner =
| numemployees =
| website = {{URL|https://www.firstpost.com/}}
}}

'''''Firstpost''''' is an Indian news website owned by [[Reliance Industries]], which also runs [[CNN-News18]] and [[CNBC TV18]].<ref name="Chatterjee">{{cite web | last=Chatterjee | first=Swasti | title=News18, Firstpost Tweet Old Video Of Waterspout As Cyclone Nisarga | website=BOOM | date=2020-06-03 | url=https://www.boomlive.in/fake-news/news18-firstpost-tweet-old-video-of-waterspout-as-cyclone-nisarga-8354 | access-date=2023-07-10}}</ref><ref name="Alt News">{{cite web | title=Media misreport: Viral photo of grave with iron grille is from Hyderabad, not Pakistan | website=Alt News | date=2023-04-30 | url=https://www.altnews.in/media-misreport-viral-photo-of-grave-with-iron-grille-is-from-hyderabad-not-pakistan/ | access-date=2023-07-10}}</ref> It posted misinformation on multiple occasions.<ref name="Chatterjee"/><ref name="Alt News"/>

The Network 18 group was originally owned by [[Raghav Bahl]]. In January 2012, the group received an investment from [[Mukesh Ambani]]'s [[Reliance Industries]] through a rights issue of up to {{currency|2700|INR}} [[crore]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Reliance enters media by opening purse strings for Network18|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/reliance-enters-media-by-opening-pursestrings-for-network18/|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=11 January 2014|date=4 January 2012|archive-date=12 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112080432/http://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/reliance-enters-media-by-opening-pursestrings-for-network18/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== History ==
''Firstpost'' began in 2011 as an online news portal of Network18.<ref name="Jha 2019"/> In May 2013, the news group was merged with the Indian edition of ''[[Forbes India]]'' whose four top editorial heads, including editor in chief Indrajit Gupta, were dismissed.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/forbes-india-editors-sacked-for-demanding-stock-ownership/article4795699.ece|title='Forbes India' editors sacked for demanding stock ownership|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=11 January 2014|date=9 June 2013|last1=Menon|first1=Meena|archive-date=6 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106170909/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/forbes-india-editors-sacked-for-demanding-stock-ownership/article4795699.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/business/special/why-forbes-editors-in-india-were-sacked/20130614.htm|title=Why Forbes' editors in India were sacked|publisher=[[Rediff]]|access-date=11 January 2014|archive-date=11 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111154924/http://www.rediff.com/business/special/why-forbes-editors-in-india-were-sacked/20130614.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The event led to a media furor.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/no-country-for-good-journalists-113111600236_1.html|title=No country for good journalists?|date=16 November 2013|work=[[Business Standard]]|access-date=20 February 2014|last1=Aravind|first1=Indulekha|archive-date=26 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226111443/http://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/no-country-for-good-journalists-113111600236_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Thereafter on 31 May 2013, ''Firstpost'' took over a satirical website [[Faking News|Fakingnews.com]] for an undisclosed amount.<ref>{{cite news |title=Firstpost buys current affairs satire portal FakingNews.com |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/business/firstpost-buys-current-affairs-satire-portal-fakingnews-com/story-wdMGZAVsDc1C2o1CBpBycJ.html |access-date=26 August 2020 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=31 May 2013 |language=en |archive-date=7 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207073051/https://www.hindustantimes.com/business/firstpost-buys-current-affairs-satire-portal-fakingnews-com/story-wdMGZAVsDc1C2o1CBpBycJ.html |url-status=live }}</ref> According to ''[[Scroll.in]]'', "Network18, with its online outlet ''FirstPost'', famously lost its primetime anchors in 2014 because of a [[diktat]] against criticising [[Narendra Modi|Modi]]."<ref name="Venkataramakrishnan 2016">{{cite news |last1=Venkataramakrishnan |first1=Rohan |title=Vadra investigation: Congress attacks NDTV as FirstPost gets praise – what's going on? |url=https://scroll.in/article/809264/vadra-investigation-congress-attacks-ndtv-as-firstpost-gets-praise-whats-going-on |access-date=8 July 2023 |work=[[Scroll.in]] |date=3 June 2016}}</ref>

In 2015, ''[[The Caravan]]'' reported on censorship in Firstpost over criticism of political leaders such as [[Arun Jaitley]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dev |first=Atul |title=Why is Firstpost Being Asked to Refrain from Criticising Three Top Leaders from the BJP? |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/vantage/why-firstpost-being-asked-refrain-criticising-three-top-leaders-bjp |date=15 August 2015 |website=The Caravan |language=en}}</ref> In January 2019, a weekly English-language print edition of ''Firstpost'' began,<ref name="Jha 2019">{{cite news |last1=Jha |first1=Lata |title=Firstpost newspaper targeted at niche, discerning audiences |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/firstpost-newspaper-targeted-at-niche-discerning-audiences-1548230093820.html |access-date=8 July 2023 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |date=23 January 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sirur |first1=Simrin |last2=Bajpai |first2=Shailaja |last3=Choudhary |first3=Ratnadeep |title=Making news — Zee's financial woes, Firstpost launch and BJP's WhatsApp 'fake news' |url=https://theprint.in/plugged-in/making-news-zees-financial-woes-firstpost-launch-and-bjps-whatsapp-fake-news/184231/ |access-date=8 July 2023 |work=[[ThePrint]] |date=28 January 2019}}</ref> and then ended in June 2019, with publication of ''Firstpost'' continuing online.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jha |first1=Lata |title=Network18 suspends publication of Firstpost newspaper |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/network18-suspends-the-publication-of-firstpost-newspaper-1559813616620.html |access-date=8 July 2023 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |date=6 June 2019 |language=en}}</ref> As of April 2020, Jaideep Giridhar is the executive editor of ''Firstpost'' in [[Mumbai]], while Sanjay Singh is the deputy executive editor.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/about-firstpost|title=About Firstpost - Firstpost|website=Firstpost|language=en-US|access-date=31 August 2018|archive-date=31 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831141222/https://www.firstpost.com/about-firstpost|url-status=live}}</ref> On 26 January 2023, the prime-time show ''Vantage'' was launched, hosted by managing editor Palki Sharma Upadhyay, formerly of [[WION]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Srikanth |first1=Swarna |title=Palki Sharma's Vantage - Changing geopolitical landscape through the Indian lens |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/fpj-exclusive-palki-sharmas-vantage-changing-geopolitical-landscape-through-the-indian-lens |website=[[Free Press Journal]] |access-date=13 February 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

Fact-checkers have found the ''Firstpost'' to have posted incorrect information on multiple occasions. In 2023, it misreported photo of grave with iron grille to be from Pakistan when it was from Hyderabad, India.<ref name="Alt News">{{cite web | title=Media misreport: Viral photo of grave with iron grille is from Hyderabad, not Pakistan | website=Alt News | date=2023-04-30 | url=https://www.altnews.in/media-misreport-viral-photo-of-grave-with-iron-grille-is-from-hyderabad-not-pakistan/ | access-date=2023-07-10}}</ref> In 2023, it falsely reported that [[Atiq Ahmed]]'s vote had ‘Saved' the [[Second Manmohan Singh ministry|UPA Govt in 2008]].<ref name="Varma">{{cite web | last=Varma | first=Aishwarya | title=Fact-check: Did Atiq Ahmed’s Vote ‘Save the Upa Govt’ in the 2008 Trust Vote? | website=TheQuint | date=2023-04-18 | url=https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/atiq-ahmed-saved-upa-government-fact-check | access-date=2023-07-10}}</ref><ref name="Chatterjee">{{cite web | last=Chatterjee | first=Swasti | title=News18, Firstpost Tweet Old Video Of Waterspout As Cyclone Nisarga | website=BOOM | date=2020-06-03 | url=https://www.boomlive.in/fake-news/news18-firstpost-tweet-old-video-of-waterspout-as-cyclone-nisarga-8354 | access-date=2023-07-10}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Network 18}}
{{Media of India}}

[[Category:Indian news websites]]
[[Category:Internet properties established in 2011]]
[[Category:Mass media in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Network18 Group]]
[[Category:New media]]

Electoral Bond

2023-10-06T06:06:34Z

Shashktiwari: creating new page with citations to reliable sources

{{Short description|Mode of political funding in India}}

'''Electoral Bond''' is a mode of funding to political parties in India. The scheme of Electoral Bond was introduced in '''The Finance Bill, 2017''' during [[2017 Union budget of India|Union Budget 2017-18]] when the maximum limit of cash donation to political parties was capped at ₹2,000 by [[Minister of Finance (India)|Union Minister for Finance and Corporate Affairs]], [[Arun Jaitley]] in a move to enhance the transparency of political party financing.<ref>{{cite news |title=Political Parties cannot receive donation above Rs. 2,000 in cash from one person; entitled to receive donations by cheque or digital mode from their donors;. Have to file its Income-Tax Return within the prescribed time limit |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1481546 |access-date=4 October 2023 |work=pib.gov.in}}</ref> He proposed to amend the [[Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934|Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Act]] in order to facilitate the issuance of electoral bonds by banks for the purpose of political funding.<ref>{{cite news |title=BRIEF-India proposes to amend RBI act for issue of electoral bonds for political funding |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idIND8N1AX018 |access-date=4 October 2023 |work=Reuters |date=1 February 2017 |language=en}}</ref> The proposal by Finance Minister also suggested taking action against political parties that fail to submit their tax returns. Although these parties are exempt from paying income tax, the act of filing returns could potentially enhance transparency within the system.

Electoral Bonds were introduced specifically as an integral component of the Union Budget and hence classified as a Money Bill. According to the Indian Constitution, Money Bills are legislation that are exempt from the requirement of being "passed" in the [[Rajya Sabha]], as the upper house is only permitted to offer commentary on such bills introduced in [[Lok Sabha]].<ref name="JSCdh">{{cite news |last1=Chhokar |first1=Jagdeep S. |title=Corporate-Political Party Bond |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/corporate-political-party-bond-716378.html |access-date=5 October 2023 |work=Deccan Herald |date=5 February 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

Although introduced in early 2017, the Department of Economic Affairs in Ministry Of Finance notified the '''Electoral Bond Scheme 2018''' in a Gazette on 2 January 2018.<ref name="Gazette">{{cite web |title=GAZETTE NOTIFICATION - Electoral Bond Scheme, 2018. |url=https://retail.onlinesbi.sbi/documents/Gazette.pdf |publisher=Department of Economic Affairs, MoF-GoI |access-date=5 October 2023 |date=2 January 2018}}</ref><ref name="EBpib">{{cite news |title=Sale of Electoral Bonds at Authorised Branches of State Bank of India (SBI) |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1936398 |access-date=5 October 2023 |work=pib.gov.in}}</ref> According to an estimate, a total of 18,299 electoral bonds equivalent to a monetary value of ₹9,857 crore, were successfully transacted during the period spanning from March 2018 to April 2022.<ref>{{cite news |title=What are electoral bonds? |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/mcminis/markets/what-are-electoral-bonds-8977431.html |access-date=4 October 2023 |work=Moneycontrol}}</ref>

On 7 November 2022, the Electoral Bond scheme was amended to increase the sale days from 70 to 85 in a year where any assembly election may be scheduled. The decision on '''Electoral Bond (Amendment) Scheme, 2022''' was taken shortly prior to the assembly elections in Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh, while the [[Model Code of Conduct]] was implemented in both the states.<ref>{{cite news |title=Electoral bonds: Purchase days raised from 70 to 85 each year |url=https://mintgenie.livemint.com/news/personal-finance/electoral-bonds-purchase-days-raised-from-70-to-85-each-year-151667884015617 |access-date=5 October 2023 |work=Mintgenie |language=en}}</ref>

Ahead of [[2019 Indian general election|2019 General Elections]], [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] has announced its intention to eliminate electoral bonds, If the party is elected to power.<ref>{{cite news |last1=N. K. R. |first1=Ashwani Kumar |title=Cong to scrap electoral bonds if given power |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/cong-to-scrap-electoral-bonds-if-given-power-726668.html |access-date=5 October 2023 |work=Deccan Herald |date=3 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

==Features==
Electoral Bond is a type of instrument that functions like a Promissory Note and an interest-free banking tool. Any Indian citizen or organization registered in India can buy these bonds after fulfilling the [[Know your customer|KYC]] norms laid down by the [[Reserve Bank of India|RBI]]. It can be procured by a donor solely through the means of cheque or digital payments in various denominations, such as one thousand, ten thousand, one lakh, ten lakh, and one crore from specific branches of the [[State Bank of India]] (SBI). Within a span of 15 days of issuance, these electoral bonds can be redeemed in the designated account of a legally registered political party under the [[Representation of the People Act, 1951]] (u/s 29A) which got at least 1% of the votes in the last election. The stanches of bonds will be available for purchase for 10 days in the month of January, April, July, and October with an additional time-frame of 30 days in the year of General Elections for Lok Sabha.<ref name="Gazette" /><ref name="EBpib" /><ref>{{cite web |title=PRESS RELEASE: Introduction of the Scheme of Electoral Bond |url=https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/Electoral%20Bonds_Press%20RELEASE_2-1-2018.pdf |website=dea.gov.in |publisher=Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Government of India |access-date=4 October 2023}}</ref>

Electoral bonds features anonymity since it bears no identification of the donor and the political party to which it is issued.<ref>{{cite news |title=EC opposes anonymity involved in electoral bonds |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/ec-opposes-anonymity-involved-in-electoral-bonds-1554901750489.html |access-date=4 October 2023 |work=mint |agency=IANS |date=10 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref> In the event that the 15-day deadline is not met, neither the donor nor the receiving political party receives a refund for the issued electoral bonds. Rather, the fund value of electoral bond is remitted to the Prime Minister Relief Fund.<ref name="VNw" />

==Need==
Enforcing donation amount exceeding ₹2,000 via the banking system would mean the declaration of assets by political parties and also enable their traceability. It was argued by the government that this reform of electoral bonds is expected to enhance transparency and accountability in the realm of [[political funding in India|political funding]], while also preventing the creation of illegal funds for future generations.<ref name="SMreuters17">{{cite news |last1=Sanjeev Miglani |first1=Tommy Wilkes |title=On eve of state polls, Modi looks to clean up campaign funding |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/india-budget-politics-modi-idINKBN15H01W |access-date=4 October 2023 |work=Reuters |date=2 February 2017 |language=en}}</ref>

Investigations conducted by the Election Commission and Income Tax Department have revealed that public funds, managed by the Public Works Department (PWD) and other governmental entities, are being illicitly diverted and reintroduced into the political sphere. Addressing the issue of "black money" in electoral processes, Arun Jaitley said, according to available reports at that time, a substantial sum of Rs 1,500 crore has been confiscated as a direct outcome of proactive measures implemented by the Election Commission and revenue authorities.<ref>{{cite news |title=Electoral bonds to check black money in polls: Jaitley |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/electoral-bonds-to-check-black-money-in-polls-jaitley-727408.html |access-date=5 October 2023 |work=Deccan Herald |agency=PTI |date=7 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

==Timeline==
On 28 January 2017, the finance ministry in an correspondence with the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) sought comments on the proposed amendments in The Finance Bill, 2017. The necessity of amendments to RBI Act was realized. Next day, on 30 January 2017, the RBI replied by expressing its severe apprehensions, contending that the electoral bond scheme was susceptible to illicit financial activities, lack of transparency, and possible exploitation.<ref name="MV" /> [[HuffPost India]] reported that the government overlooked the RBI concerns and went ahead with its announcement during Budget Session in Parliament on 1 February 2017.<ref name="NShi1">{{cite news |last1=Sethi |first1=Nitin |title=EXCLUSIVE: Electoral Bonds: Seeking Secretive Funds, Modi Govt Overruled RBI |url=https://www.huffpost.com/archive/in/entry/rbi-warned-electoral-bonds-arun-jaitley-black-money-modi-government_in_5dcbde68e4b0d43931ccd200?utm_hp_ref=in-paisapolitics |access-date=4 October 2023 |work=HuffPost |date=18 November 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

==Impact on existing regulations==
*The monetary contribution limit that any registered political party in India can receive from an individual has been restricted to ₹2,000 – representing a reduction to 10% of the previous threshold of ₹20,000.<ref name="ADscroll">{{cite news |last1=Dey |first1=Abhishek |title=Will the Rs 2,000 cap on cash donations for political parties bring more transparency in the system? |url=https://scroll.in/article/828281/will-the-rs-2000-cap-on-cash-donations-for-political-parties-bring-more-transparency-in-the-system |access-date=4 October 2023 |work=Scroll.in |date=1 February 2017}}</ref> This was done through the Finance Act, 2017.<ref name="VNw">{{cite news |last1=Nayak |first1=Venkatesh |title=SBI Accepts It Goofed Up RTI Data About Buyers of Electoral Bonds |url=https://thewire.in/banking/sbi-rti-electoral-bonds-data |access-date=5 October 2023 |work=The Wire |date=17 August 2018}}</ref>
*Introduction of electoral bonds has effectively abolished the ceiling on contributions made by corporations, which was earlier limited to 7.5% of the organization's average net earnings over the preceding three-year period.<ref name="MV">{{cite web |last1=Vaishnav |first1=Milan |title=Electoral Bonds: The Safeguards of Indian Democracy Are Crumbling |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/2019/11/25/electoral-bonds-safeguards-of-indian-democracy-are-crumbling-pub-80428 |website=carnegieendowment.org |publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace |access-date=4 October 2023 |location=Washington, DC |language=en |date=25 November 2019}}</ref> An amendment to the [[Companies Act 2013|Companies Act, 2013]] ensured this change.<ref name="VNw" />
*The scheme resulted in the elimination of the mandatory obligation for individuals or corporations to provide comprehensive information regarding their political contributions. Instead of reporting a comprehensive breakdown of political donations within their annual financial reports, companies would now be solely required to disclose a consolidated sum for purchase of electoral bonds.<ref name="MV" /> Relevant provisions under the [[Income Tax Act, 1961]] were amended in this regard.<ref name="VNw" />
*The [[Foreign Contribution Regulation Act]] (FCRA) was amended by the government, with the support of the opposition, to broaden the definition of a "foreign" entity, with the explicit aim of expanding the scope of firms that could lawfully make political contributions.<ref name="MV" />

The consequences of these modifications were both evident and lamentable. Any person, corporation, or interest group could now donate an unrestricted amount of funds to any political party without disclosing any amount, and no individual, citizen, journalist, or civil society representative would be able to establish any connections.<ref name="MV" />

==Political Funding==
*'''Known Sources''' (includes, but not limited to)<ref name="TNIEadr" />
#Bank Interest
#Membership Fees
#Party Levy
#Sale of Assets
#Sale of Publications
#Voluntary donations exceeding ₹20,000

*'''Unknown Sources''' (includes, but not limited to)<ref name="TWadr">{{cite news |title=Regional Parties Got More Than 75% of Income From Unknown Sources |url=https://thewire.in/political-economy/regional-political-parties-unknown-sources-income-fy-22-adr |access-date=4 October 2023 |work=The Wire}}</ref>
#Contribution from meetings/morchas
#'''Electoral Bonds'''
#Miscellaneous Income
#Relief Fund
#Sale of Coupons
#Voluntary contributions less than ₹20,000

==Tranche==
===2018===
Postponed from January 2018 and commencing on 1 March 2018, the '''first''' tranche of electoral bonds were made available for purchase over a span of ten days. State Bank of India issued and encashed these electoral bonds in fours of its branches at Chennai, Delhi, Kolkata and Mumbai.<ref>{{cite news |title=First tranche of electoral bonds from March 1 |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/policy/economy-first-tranche-of-electoral-bonds-from-march-1-1076316/ |access-date=5 October 2023 |work=Financial Express |date=23 February 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=First tranche of electoral bonds on sale from March 1 |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/first-tranche-of-electoral-bonds-on-sale-from-march-1/article22828026.ece |access-date=5 October 2023 |work=BusinessLine |date=22 February 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

Analysis of political parties' "Audited Accounts Contribution Statements" for the fiscal year 2017-18 ending on 31 March, which were duly submitted to both the [[Income Tax Department]] and the [[Election Commission of India]] reveals that BJP obtained electoral bonds amounting to ₹215 crore, whereas the Congress party received only ₹5 crore. It is noteworthy that no other registered political party, national or regional, has reported receiving any form of contribution through electoral bonds.<ref name="JSCdh" />

The '''third''' phase of electoral bond sale was scheduled for purchase from 1 May to 10 May at eleven SBI branches in Chennai, Kolkata, Mumbai and New Delhi along with designated branches in Assam, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kulkarni |first1=Sagar |title=Third tranche of electoral bonds sale from May 1: FinMin |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/business/3rd-tranche-electoral-bonds-sale-may-1-finmin-666369.html |access-date=5 October 2023 |work=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

An application under the Right to Information (RTI) Act was filed in May 2018 to obtain information on cumulative number of donors and the aggregate quantity of electoral bonds sold by each authorized branch during the months of March and April, among other relevant particulars. The Central Public Information Officer (CPIO) declined the application in June 2018, citing that the compilation of such data would result in "disproportionate diversion of the bank’s resources" but gave only the denomination-wise figures for the sale of all such bonds through the designated branches which did not match with information provided in another application. However, SBI’s first appellate authority (FAA), in July 2018, acknowledged the blunder that the previously given electoral bond sale data — 10 bonds of ₹100,000 denomination, 38 bonds of ₹10,00,000 and 9 bonds of ₹1,00,00,000 denomination, totaling ₹12.93 crore — for the Gandhinagar branch was, in fact, "belonged" to the Bengaluru branch of the State Bank of India. The RTI applicant regretted the claims of transparency made by the government.<ref name="VNw" />

===2019===
The RTI response of SBI to a query by Vihar Durve has shown that the 2019 sale of Electoral Bonds in two tranches of January and March at eleven SBI branches, prior to the Lok Sabha elections in May, has experienced a significant surge amounting to Rs 1,716.05 crore. This figure represents a notable increase of 62.39% in comparison to the total sales of Rs 1,056.73 crore achieved through six tranches conducted in March, April, May, July, October and November of 2018.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Joy |first1=Shemin |title=Electoral bond sales rise in 2019's first 3 months |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/electoral-bond-sales-rise-in-2019s-first-3-months-726328.html |access-date=6 October 2023 |work=Deccan Herald |date=18 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

===2020===

===2021===

===2022===

From July 1st to July 10, SBI conducted the 21st phase of Electoral Bond sale.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sale of electoral bonds to begin from July 1-10, SBI to issue these bonds |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/sale-of-electoral-bonds-to-begin-from-july-1-10-sbi-to-issue-these-bonds-11656590223132.html |access-date=5 October 2023 |work=mint |date=30 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

===2023===
From 19 January to 28 January, '''25th''' electoral bond sale was carried out while '''26th''' phase of sale worth worth ₹970.50 crore was conducted from 3 April to 12 April ahead of Karnataka assembly elections on 10 May 2023.<ref>{{cite news |title=Govt clears 26th tranche of electoral bonds; sale from April 3 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/karnataka/govt-clears-26th-tranche-of-electoral-bonds-sale-from-april-3-1205440.html |access-date=5 October 2023 |work=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

Based on the data obtained through the Right to Information (RTI) by Commodore Lokesh Batra (retired) for the 26th edition of bond sale conducted by the State Bank of India (SBI), it has been revealed that a total of 1,470 bonds were sold. Among these, 923 bonds accounting for 95.10% of the total, were of the denomination of ₹1 crore. Additionally, the SBI sold 468 bonds valued at ₹ one lakh each, 69 bonds valued at ₹ one lakh each, and 10 bonds valued at ₹10,000 each. Highest sales of bonds amounting to ₹335.30 crore was at Hyderabad branch, followed by the Kolkata branch with sales of ₹197.40 crore and the Mumbai branch with sales of ₹169.37 crore. The Chennai branch recorded sales of bonds worth ₹122 crore, while the Bengaluru branch sold bonds worth ₹46 crore. In terms of bond encashment, the New Delhi branch saw redemption of bonds valued at ₹565.79 crore. Subsequently, the Kolkata branch redeemed bonds worth ₹186.95 crore.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Joy |first1=Shemin |title=Karnataka poll: Rs 970.50 cr worth electoral bonds raised |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/karnataka/karnataka-poll-rs-97050-cr-worth-electoral-bonds-raised-1215294.html |work=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

'''27th''' edition of bond sale was held between 3 July and 12 July which saw 1,371 transactions worth ₹812.80 crore. The Hyderabad branch achieved the highest sales in bonds amounting to ₹266.72 crore, followed by the Kolkata branch with sales worth ₹143.20 crore, and the Mumbai branch with sales worth ₹135 crore. The Bengaluru branch recorded sales of bonds worth ₹46 crore. In terms of bond encashment, the Bhubaneswar branch saw highest redemption of electoral bonds valued at ₹155.50 crore. Subsequently, the New Delhi branch encashed electoral bonds worth ₹117.58 crore.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Joy |first1=Shemin |title=Electoral bonds worth Rs 812.80 crore sold in latest edition of sale |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/electoral-bonds-worth-rs-81280-crore-sold-in-latest-edition-of-sale-1243553.html |access-date=5 October 2023 |work=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

==Pre-Implementation==
Previously, it was mandatory for all political parties to report the names and other details of donors who contribute more than ₹20,000 towards the party fund while filing their income-tax returns. Information was not sought for those donating an amount less than ₹20,000. Such donations were declared as Income from "unknown sources" and the details of such donors are not available in the public domain.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bulk of political donations in past decade came from unknown sources: ADR report |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bulk-of-political-donations-in-past-decade-came-from-unknown-sources-adr-report/story-9czXwQx8cl88GZ2Mz57lrK.html |access-date=4 October 2023 |work=Hindustan Times |date=24 January 2017 |language=en}}</ref>

[[Association for Democratic Reforms]] (ADR) conducted a study in 2017 which found the total income of political parties in India between 2004–05 and 2014-15 was ₹11,367 crore and that 69% of income from donations below ₹20,000 given to political parties amounting to ₹7,833 crore came from unknown sources. Only 16 per cent of their total income was from the known donors.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sources 'untraceable' for 69% income of political parties: ADR {{!}} India News {{!}} Zee News |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/sources-untraceable-for-69-income-of-political-parties-adr_1970285.html/amp |access-date=4 October 2023 |work=zeenews.india.com}}</ref>

[[Bahujan Samaj Party]] (BSP) declared 100% of its income of ₹111.96 crore in 2014-15 from unknown sources. This was a 2,057% jump from its ₹5.19 crore income in 2004–05. [[Indian National Congress|Congress Party]] had the highest income of ₹3,982 crore among national parties while [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) reported an income of ₹3,272.63 crore. Approximately 83% of the aggregate income received by the Congress, totaling ₹3,323.39 crore, and 65% of the total income acquired by the BJP, amounting to ₹2,125.91 crore was attributed to unknown sources. The CPI(M) declared ₹893 crore as its income, which was third highest in 2014–15.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pandey |first1=Devesh K. |title=‘69% of political funds was from unknown sources’ |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/69-of-political-funds-was-from-unknown-sources/article17089815.ece |access-date=4 October 2023 |work=The Hindu |date=24 January 2017 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

[[Samajwadi Party]] had the highest income of ₹819.1 crore among regional political parties while [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (DMK) reported second highest income of ₹203.02 crore followed by [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK) with third highest net revenue of ₹165.01 crore.<ref name="TNIEadr">{{cite news |title=69% of funds for India political parties from unknown sources: Report |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/jan/24/69-of-funds-for-india-political-parties-from-unknown-sources-report-1563076.html |access-date=4 October 2023 |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref> ADR study showed 94% of Samajwadi Party income (₹766.27 crore) was from unknown sources whereas [[Shiromani Akali Dal]] (SAD) reported 86% (₹88.06 crore) of revenue from unknown sources.<ref>{{cite news |title=69% of political funding comes from unknown sources |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-69-of-political-funding-comes-from-unknown-sources-2295928 |access-date=4 October 2023 |work=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>

==Post-Implementation==
In 2018, the 133-year old [[Indian National Congress]] which ruled for 49 years of Independent India's 71 years history, for the first time made a public request for "small contribution" to its party fund which pointed to shortfall in party's income. It is impossible to determine the exact amount of money that political parties earn or possess. The appeal by Congress was seen as a move to portray itself as an honest party that is not getting enough funding from corporate companies and wealthy donors. The Congress-led UPA government faced allegations of involvement in major scandals during its previous tenure. While the INC saw dip in their revenues, BJP had seen doubling of its earning in the same period.<ref>{{cite news |title=Is India's Congress party really running out of cash? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44249876 |access-date=4 October 2023 |work=BBC News |date=26 May 2018}}</ref>

For the Financial Year 2021–22, ADR Annual Audit report revealed that the regional parties declared ₹887.55 crore as income from unknown sources which amounts to 75% of their net income. Only 12% (₹145.42 crore) of the total income (₹1165.576 crore) of the 27 regional parties was attributed to known sources. '''Electoral bonds contributed to 93.26% (₹827.76 crore) of the entire income from unknown sources'''. Also, ₹38.354 crore (4.32%) was garnered from sale of coupons while ₹21.293 crore (2.4%) was received by the regional parties in form of donations each amounting to less than ₹20,000. According the information given by 27 out of 54 recognized regional parties to [[Election Commission of India]] by May 2023, DMK received 96.01% (₹306.025 crore) of its total income (₹318.745 crore) from unknown sources.<ref name="TWadr" />

{| class="wikitable"

|+ Top 10 Regional Parties Income (₹) in FY 2021-22<ref name="TWadr" />

|-

! Party !! Total Income !! Unknown Sources !! % Unknown Sources

|-

| [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] || 318.745 crore || 306.025 crore || 96%

|-

| [[Biju Janata Dal]] || 307.288 crore || 291.096 crore || 95%

|-

| [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]] || 218.112 crore || 153.037 crore || 70%

|-

| [[YSR Congress Party]] || 93.724 crore || 60.0168 crore || 64%

|-

| [[Janata Dal (United)]] || 86.555 crore|| 48.3617 crore || 56%

|-

| [[Samajwadi Party]] || 61.011 crore || 3.66 crore || 6%

|-

| [[Shiromani Akali Dal]] || 25.414 crore || 12.1987 crore || 48%

|-

| [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] || 25.263 crore || nil || 0%

|-

| [[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]] || 6.7683 crore || 5.0762 crore || 75%

|-

| [[Telugu Desam Party]] || 6.028 crore|| 3.667 crore || 61%
|}

==Public Interest Litigation==
The electoral bonds scheme has been subjected to legal challenge through a [[Public interest litigation in India|Public Interest Litigation]] (PIL) in the [[Supreme Court of India]] on two grounds. Firstly, it is argued that the scheme has resulted in a complete lack of transparency in [[political funding in India]], thereby preventing the Election Commission and the citizens of the country from accessing crucial information regarding political contributions and parties' significant source of income. Secondly, it is contended that the passage of this scheme as a Money Bill, thereby circumventing the upper house of Parliament — Rajya Sabha, is unconstitutional and infringes upon the doctrine of separation of powers and the citizen's fundamental right to information, both of which form integral components of the basic structure of the Constitution. The PIL was initiated in October 2017, with the Ministry of Finance submitting its response in January 2018 and the Law Ministry responding in March 2018. The case is currently pending and awaiting a hearing.<ref name="JSCdh" />

The Supreme Court is currently considering a collection of petitions submitted by the non-governmental organization '[[Association for Democratic Reforms]]' and the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]], which contest the legality of the modifications made to the Reserve Bank of India Act, the Representation of the People Act, the Income Tax Act, the Companies Act, and the Foreign Contribution Regulation Act through the Finance Acts of 2016 and 2017. These amendments enabled the utilization of electoral bonds.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tripathi |first1=Ashish |title=Electoral bonds make political donations transparent |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/electoral-bonds-make-political-donations-transparent-726994.html |access-date=5 October 2023 |work=Deccan Herald |date=4 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

In his petition against the government's decision, [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] leader [[Sitaram Yechury]] demanded for revocation of Electoral Bond Scheme and the called the issuance of electoral bonds and the Finance Act 2017, as "arbitrary" and "discriminatory". The government in its defense of its decision to introduce electoral bonds, asserted in Supreme Court that its primary objective was to ensure increased accountability and promote electoral reforms as a means to combat the escalating threat of "black money" and to help nation's transitions towards a cashless and digital economy. Government said that the implementation of a restricted time-frame and a significantly brief period of maturity for electoral bonds reduces the likelihood of any potential misuse. The acquisition of these bonds by donors will be duly recorded in their financial statements, thereby reflecting the donations made. Further, government added that the introduction of electoral bonds will encourage donors to opt for the banking channel as a means of contributing, with their personal information being captured by the authorized issuing entity. Consequently, this measure will guarantee transparency, accountability, and serve as a significant stride towards electoral reform.<ref name="CPIMsy">{{cite news |title=Centre defends electoral bonds in SC |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/centre-defends-electoral-bonds-in-sc-723240.html |access-date=5 October 2023 |work=Deccan Herald |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |date=15 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

The government has requested the dismissal of the petition submitted by the left party, asserting that there is an absence of "invidious or arbitrary discrimination" and no infringement upon any fundamental rights of the Petitioner.<ref name="CPIMsy" />

The Election Commission of India has informed its views on the matter to the Supreme Court that the amendments in existing legislation, which permit the utilization of electoral bonds and eliminate the restriction on donations, including those from foreign origins, to political parties, would inevitably result in a surge in the utilization of illicit funds (black money) during the electoral process. Furthermore, this alteration would have profound consequences on the transparency of financial contributions to political parties, ultimately leading to the manipulation of Indian policies.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tripathi |first1=Ashish |title=Electoral bonds may lead to black money use: EC to SC |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/electoral-bonds-may-lead-to-black-money-use-ec-to-sc-725487.html |access-date=5 October 2023 |work=Deccan Herald |date=5 May 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

==Criticism==
The [[Constitution of India]] clearly specifies the conditions for a legislation under consideration to be classified as a Money Bill. The provisions pertaining to electoral bonds fail to satisfy the criteria for classification as a Money Bill. The government's justification for this is that any component of the Budget, being a Money Bill, automatically fulfills the prerequisites for classification as such. A comparable instance of the misuse of the Money Bill was seen previous to the retrospective amendments made to the Foreign Currency Regulation Act (FCRA) by the government, on two separate occasions, in an effort to shield the BJP and the Congress from prosecution for FCRA violations, as determined by the [[Delhi High Court]]. The [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]-administration had earlier implemented "Electoral Trusts" with false narratives on better electoral fundings.<ref name="JSCdh" />

All political parties have a tendency to possess a vested interest in maintaining the anonymity of fund origins due to the predominant presence of unreported funds. These parties not only tolerate the existence of illicit funds in the form of "black money" but also safeguard their sources and actively engage in their utilization. Regrettably, comprehensive documentation in regard to the allocation of these funds does not exist as it is not mandated by any of the existing laws. Consequently, electoral finances and expenditures emerge as the principal catalysts for corruption and the proliferation of unaccounted funds, hence the black money is widely prevalent in Indian politics.<ref>{{cite news |title=Political funding: reforms needed |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/opinion/editorial/political-funding-reforms-714976.html |access-date=5 October 2023 |work=Deccan Herald |date=18 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

While the Modi-administration has taken steps to address the issue of political funding by imposing restrictions on cash donations and introducing "election bonds", some politicians and election officials believe that these measures will not have a significant impact. It is said that the upcoming elections will not be directly affected by these changes, but the government is likely to view them as an opportunity for [[Narendra Modi]] to enhance his reputation as a fighter against corruption. This comes after he announced several measures to address illegal wealth.<ref name="SMreuters17" />

It is difficult to fully understand the financial aspects of politics in the world's largest democracy due to the lack of transparency in campaign financing. The introduction of Electoral Bonds has enabled companies to anonymously finance political parties without any limitations on the amount of donations. This development has been criticized by activists who argue that it grants corporations excessive influence and obfuscates the connections between politicians and business entities. The initial issuance of electoral bonds saw the BJP acquire approximately 95 percent of the total bonds, as per information obtained by [[Reuters]] through a [[Right to Information Act, 2005|Right to Information]] request and BJP submissions.<ref>{{cite news |title=Modi's war chest leaves India election rivals in the dust |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/india-election-spending-bjp-congress-idUSKCN1S7390 |access-date=4 October 2023 |work=Reuters |date=1 May 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

The purpose of introducing the bonds was to expose illegal money and increase transparency in political funding. However, critics argue that it has had the opposite effect, as they claim the bonds are shrouded in secrecy. There exists an absence of publicly available documentation regarding the purchasers of individual bonds and the recipients of the corresponding donations. This lack of transparency renders the bonds susceptible to being deemed "unconstitutional and problematic," as it hinders taxpayers and citizens from obtaining knowledge about the origins of these contributions. Moreover, according to some critics, it is argued that the anonymity of the bonds is not absolute since [[State Bank of India|SBI]], the state-owned bank maintains a comprehensive record of both the benefactor and the beneficiary. Consequently, this enables the ruling government to effortlessly obtain pertinent information and potentially exploit it in order to exert influence over donors. This practice has been deemed as conferring an unjust advantage upon the ruling party and the government.<ref name="SB">{{cite news |last1=Biswas |first1=Soutik |title=Electoral bonds: India's rocky road to transparency in political financing |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-62991256 |access-date=4 October 2023 |work=BBC News |date=2 October 2022}}</ref>

In 2017, upon the initial announcement of the bonds, the [[Election Commission of India]] expressed concerns regarding the potential compromise of electoral transparency. This apprehension was echoed by various entities including the central bank, the law ministry, and several Members of Parliament, who contended that the electoral bonds would not effectively deter the influx of illicit funds into the political sphere. Notably, the ECI later altered its stance and extended support to the electoral bonds after a year. Furthermore, the courts have postponed their verdict on the matter, thus leaving it unresolved. Those who oppose this scheme argue that the government has effectively enacted opacity through the implementation of electoral bonds.<ref name="SB" />

There can be a possibility of shell companies' accounts to serve as a means to facilitate contributions for favorable political parties.<ref>{{cite news |title=Electoral bonds must be scrapped |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/opinion/editorial/electoral-bonds-must-be-scrapped-1237117.html |access-date=5 October 2023 |work=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> Opponents highlight that there exists a potential scenario wherein benefactors may procure bonds using funds acquired through legitimate means or subjected to taxation, and subsequently vend them to a third party utilizing illicitly obtained or undeclared funds for tax purposes. The third party may then transfer the bonds to a political organization.<ref name="SB" /> A major issue with political financing in India is the anonymity of funding sources. Since the ₹2,000 limit still exist for donations in cash, there is an apprehension that political parties will hide a large portion of their illegal money in this category.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Safi |first1=Michael |last2=correspondent |first2=Michael Safi South Asia |title=India caps cash donations to parties in landmark reform |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/feb/01/india-caps-cash-donations-to-parties-in-landmark-reform |access-date=4 October 2023 |work=The Guardian |date=1 February 2017}}</ref>

The potential consequences of a political party in possession of both Electoral Bonds funds and the [[Aadhaar]] and [[Jan Dhan]] account numbers of voters are significant. The party could potentially engage in a "[[Direct Benefit Transfer]]" of funds into the accounts of voters in advance of an election. The pathway from Electoral Bonds to Aadhaar and bank account numbers, or even just [[Unified Payments Interface|UPI]] numbers, presents a potential conduit for untraceable funds from anonymous sources to anonymous voters. This development could ultimately undermine the integrity of democratic elections, rendering them neither "free" nor "fair."<ref name="SRdh">{{cite news |last1=Raghotham |first1=S. |title=An Appeal to Supreme Court: Scrap Electoral Bonds |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/opinion/an-appeal-to-supreme-court-scrap-electoral-bonds-725029.html |access-date=5 October 2023 |work=Deccan Herald |date=25 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

Retired Chief Election Commissioner [[V. S. Sampath]] said the Election Commission can't do much in situations where legislative modifications are tailored to accommodate the interests of corporate benefactors and political organizations that receive financial contributions from businesses including foreign entities.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rathee |first1=Pranshu |title=With Electoral Bonds, transparency has been lost |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/electoral-bonds-transparency-716379.html |access-date=5 October 2023 |work=Deccan Herald |date=3 February 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

==Controversies==
In 2023, former CM [[Chandrababu Naidu]] was arrested and the Andhra Pradesh Criminal Investigation Department (CID) had submitted evidence to the Anti Corruption Bureau (ACB) Court, indicating that the [[Telugu Desam Party]] (TDP) received ₹27 crore in the form of electoral bonds as donations during the fiscal year 2018-19. This substantial amount allegedly serves as proof of the funds that were misappropriated in a skill development project. Calling this a political hunt and misuse of state police machinery, the TDP countered that ruling [[YSR Congress Party]] (YSRCP) led by Chief Minister [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]] had obtained a total of ₹99.84 crore in electoral bonds during the fiscal year 2018-19, ₹74.35 crore in 2019-20, ₹96.25 crore in 2020-21, and ₹60 crore in 2021-22 but the YSRCP refrained from disclosing this information in its publication, ''Saakshi'', indicating a lack of transparency and accountability.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Raghavendra |first1=V. |title=Donations received by party through electoral bonds being deliberately linked to skill development scam, says TDP leader Atchannaidu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/donations-received-by-party-through-electoral-bonds-being-deliberately-linked-to-skill-development-scam-says-tdp-leader-atchannaidu/article67384573.ece |access-date=6 October 2023 |work=The Hindu |date=5 October 2023 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=What is the alleged AP skill development scam in which Chandrababu Naidu has been arrested? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-politics/alleged-ap-skill-development-scam-chandrababu-naidu-arrested-8931752/ |access-date=6 October 2023 |work=The Indian Express |date=9 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Politics}}
[[Electoral reform in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Electoral reform in India]]
[[Category:Politics of India]]
[[Category:Modi administration initiatives]]

All India Meo Sabha

2023-09-10T19:25:29Z

Shashktiwari: Created an insightful write-up.

{{More citations needed}}

{{Infobox political party
| name = All India Meo Sabha
| native_name = आल इंडिया मेव सभा
| logo = File:All india meo sabha logo.png
| convenor =
| founded = 1967
| ideology = [[Ethnic nationalism]]
| country = [[India]]
| founder = [[Chaudhary Rahim Khan]]
| regional = [[Mewat]], [[Haryana]]
}}
The '''All India Meo Sabha''' (English: All India Assembly for Meos) (abbreviation: '''AIMS''') is an Indian [[political organisation]] and advocacy group based primarily in the [[Mewat|Mewat region]] of [[Haryana]]. It was founded by the Late [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament (Lok Sabha)]], [[Chaudhary Rahim Khan]] in 1967.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shri Rahim Khan MP biodata Faridabad {{!}} ENTRANCE INDIA |url=https://entranceindia.com/election-and-politics/shri-rahim-khan-member-of-parliament-mp-from-faridabad-haryana-biodata/ |access-date=2023-09-09 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Chaudhary Rahim Khan MP addressing a congregation of the All India Meo Sabha.jpg|left|thumb|a picture of [[Chaudhary Rahim Khan]] addressing a congregation of the All India Meo Sabha.]]
The All India Meo Sabha was founded by the Late [[Chaudhary Rahim Khan]] in 1967. It was responsible for uniting the 'Meo Samaj' ([[Meo (ethnic group)|Mewati people]]) that were scattered across [[Haryana]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Delhi]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Maharashtra]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]], post [[Indian independence movement|independence]]. The organization under the leadership of [[Chaudhary Rahim Khan]] made demands for a [[university]] in [[Mewat]], extension of [[Railway track|railway lines]] to the [[Mewat|Mewat region]] of [[Rajasthan]] and [[Haryana]], as well as the recognition of the [[Meo (ethnic group)|ethnic Meos]] as part of the [[Other Backward Class|Other Backwards Class]] in India and granting them reservations accordingly due to their economically and educationally disadvantaged status in [[Indian society]].<ref>{{Citation |title=चौधरी रहीम खां और उसका मेवात {{!}}{{!}} CHOUDHARY RAHEEM KHAN AND IT'S MEWAT |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r9lL1NFT65M |access-date=2023-09-09 |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Ch._Rahim_Khan_MP_with_Rajiv_Gandhi.jpg|alt=Choudhary Rahim Khan with the Prime Minister of India, Rajiv Gandhi.|thumb|285x285px|A committee of the All India Meo Sabha led by [[Chaudhary Rahim Khan]] with himself to the right of the late [[Prime Minister of India]], [[Rajiv Gandhi]].]]

== Achievements ==

* [[Ethnic Meos]] are now recognised as a part of the [[Other Backward Class|Other Backwards Class]] classification in the [[Government of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=LIST OF BACKWARD CLASSES IN HARYANA STATE |url=https://haryanascbc.gov.in/reservation-in-haryana/list-of-backward-classes |website=Directorate of Welfare of Scheduled Caste & Backward Classes, Government of Haryana}}</ref>
* [[Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati Government Medical College]] is the first and currently only [[Medical college|Medical College]] recognised by the [[Medical Council of India]] in the Mewat region of Haryana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Page of the SHKM, Govt. Medical College, Nalhar, Mewat. |url=https://www.gmcmewat.ac.in/ |website=SHKM, Govt. Medical College, Nalhar, Mewat.}}</ref>
* There is also the Mewat Engineering College now functional in [[Nuh district|Nuh]], [[Haryana]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Colleges {{!}} District Administration, Nuh {{!}} India |url=https://nuh.gov.in/public-utility-category/colleges/ |access-date=2023-09-10 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Formation of Delhi-Nuh Railway Line as requested by [[Chaudhary Rahim Khan]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Finally, Central nod to Delhi-Nuh rail line |work=[[Tribune India]] |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/finally-central-nod-to-delhi-nuh-rail-line-213041 |access-date=10 September 2023}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Political organisations based in India]]

Bhai Gurdas Singh

2023-07-18T22:55:47Z

Shashktiwari: Page created.

{{Short description|Sikh saint}}
{{Not to be confused with|Bhai Gurdas|text=[[Bhai Gurdas|Bhai Gurdas Bhalla]], an earlier Sikh saint and writer}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| religion = [[Sikhism]]
| name = Gurdas Singh
| honorific prefix = Bhai
| image = Repoussé plaque (gilded panel) depicting Bhai Gurdas Singh presenting himself before Guru Gobind Singh with an offering, from the Khatwari Dharamsal in Shikarpur, Sindh.jpg
| caption = Repoussé plaque (gilded panel) depicting Bhai Gurdas Singh (standing at right) presenting himself before Guru Gobind Singh (seated in centre) with an offering, from the Khatwari Dharamsal in Shikarpur, Sindh
| relations = [[Alam Singh Nachna]] (brother)
}}

'''Bhai Gurdas Singh''' ([[Floruit|fl.]] 18th century), also known as '''Bhai Gurdas II,''' was a Sikh during the time of [[Guru Gobind Singh]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |title=Sri Dasam Granth: Facts Beyond Doubt |publisher=Sri Guru Granth Sahib Academy |year=2021 |isbn=9781527282773 |edition=1st |location=Malaysia |pages=302–304 |quote=}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Harbans |title=The Encyclopedia of Sikhism |publisher=Punjabi University, Patiala |volume=2: E-L |pages=139–140}}</ref> He is most known for writing a ''[[Vaar]]'' (folk ballad).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kaur |first=Gurnam |title=Sikh Value System and Social Change |publisher=Publication Bureau, Punjabi University, Patiala |year=1995 |isbn=9788173801341 |pages=89}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Takhar |first=Opinderjit Kaur |title=Global Sikhs: Histories, Practices and Identities |last2=Jakobsh |first2=Doris R. |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2023 |isbn=9781000847352 |series=Routledge Critical Sikh Studies |quote=23. Vars are long poems written by Bhai Gurdas. The first 40 vars are written by Bhai Gurdas who was contemporary to the early Gurus. But the 41st var is written, in the opinion of McLeod, by another Gurdas who had written it the eighteenth century. It is likely that information about the eighteenth century sangats of Bihar comes from Gurdas Il. McLeod, Dictionary, 212.}}</ref>

== Biography ==
He was the brother of [[Alam Singh Nachna]].<ref name=":0" /> He served as one of the many poets in the ''[[Durbar (court)|durbar]]'' (court) of Guru Gobind Singh.<ref name=":0" />

=== ''Vaar'' ===
He was an eyewitness to the [[Vaisakhi]] event which occurred in Anandpur on 13 April 1699, when the Guru formalized the [[Khalsa]] order.<ref name=":0" /> He later recounted his account of that day in a ''[[Vaar]]'', named the ''Vaar Sri Bhagaut Ji Ki Patshahi Dasvin Ki'', amidst hostilities from Hindus and Muslims alike.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> In a manuscript of the Vaar kept in the collection of the Sikh Reference Library, the work is known under the titled ''Vaar Bhai Gurdas Ji Ki''.<ref name=":1" /> The entire work comprises twenty-eight ''pauris'' (Indic term for [[stanza]]s), with twenty of the pauris praising Guru Gobind Singh and singling out unique aspects of the tenth guru.<ref name=":1" /> A common theme emphasized throughout the work is how Guru Gobind Singh transformed the ''sangat'' (congregation) of Sikhs into the Khalsa.<ref name=":1" /> The comparison is made to the Guru's sword and [[Kali]]ka, the Indic deity.<ref name=":1" /> Reference is made to the predecessor gurus [[Guru Har Rai|Har Rai]], [[Guru Har Krishan|Har Krishan]] (both on pauri 22) and [[Guru Tegh Bahadur|Tegh Bahadur]] (pauri 23), with the last containing an account of the Guru's martyrdom in Delhi.<ref name=":1" /> The finishing stanzas eulogize the Khalsa.<ref name=":1" /> The work was composed in "Hindized Punjabi".<ref name=":1" />

In his ''Vaar'', he states:<ref name=":0" />
{{Blockquote|text=The Guru has remembered upon the Kalka and prepare the Amrit of Khanda. Drinking which, this life becomes of fruition.|author=Bhai Gurdas Singh|title=''Vaar 41'' (Pauri 1, lines 3–4)}}In his ''Vaar'', he furthermore stresses the importance of the remembrance and chanting of Akāl ({{Lang-pa|ਅਕਾਲ|lit=without time|translit=Akāla|label=[[Gurmukhi]]}}, [[Literal and figurative language|{{Small|fig.}}]] 'immortal') for Sikhs:<ref name=":0" />
{{Blockquote|text=Everyone automatically speaks of Guru Gobind Singh Ji who has made them to chant Akaal, Akaal.|title=''Vaar 41'' (Pauri 17, line 10)}}This work is commonly appended at the end of ''[[Varan Bhai Gurdas]]'' as a 41st Vaar on-top of the traditional forty authored by [[Bhai Gurdas|Gurdas Bhalla]].<ref name=":1" />

According to Louis E. Fenech and [[Vir Singh (writer)|Vir Singh]], the 41st Vaar would have been written in the mid-1780s as per internal evidence.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fenech |first=Louis E. |title=The Sikh Zafar-namah of Guru Gobind Singh: A Discursive Blade in the Heart of the Mughal Empire |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2013 |isbn=9780199931453 |pages=246 |chapter=Notes}}</ref>

=== Later life ===
After the death of his master, Guru Gobind Singh, in 1708, it is said Gurdas Singh traveled to [[Sindh]], where he did missionary work spreading the tenets of Sikhism in the local area of [[Shikarpur District|Shikarpur]].<ref name=":0" /> Traditional lore claims he lived to an impressive age of 150.<ref name=":0" /> His life is commemorated in the Khatwari [[Dharamshala|Dharamsal]] of Bhai Gurdas in Shikarpur, Sindh.<ref name=":0" />

== Literary works ==
* ''Vaar Sri Bhagaut Ji Ki Patshahi Dasvin Ki'' – [[Vaar]] on the [[Amrit Sanskar|Amrit Sanchar]] and Guru Gobind Singh<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
* ''Raag Ramkali Ki Vaar<ref name=":1" />''
* ''Barahmaha Sri Ram Chandar'' – narration of the separation between [[Rama in Sikhism|Rama]] and his brother, [[Bharata (Ramayana)|Bharata]], whom were saddened by their uncoupling. Written shortly after the death of Guru Gobind Singh in 1708 to recount how the Sikhs of the time were feeling being separated from their Guru.<ref name=":0" />
* ''Pryaye Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji'' – poetic expounding of the [[Guru Granth Sahib]]<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Sikhism}}

[[Category:Sikhs]]

Shashtra

2023-05-04T07:06:23Z

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#REDIRECT [[Shastra]]

Attorney General of India

2022-12-19T22:22:16Z

Shashktiwari: Created an influential manuscript.

#REDIRECT [[Attorney-General for India]]

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Mazhabi

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Lunar probe

2022-10-14T09:06:25Z

Shashktiwari: Page crafted.

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Empire of Harsha

2022-10-09T18:47:22Z

Shashktiwari: Finished writing a new addition.

#REDIRECT [[Harsha]]

Classical India

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#REDIRECT [[Middle kingdoms of India]]

Draft:Shashk Tiwari

2021-05-28T16:28:53Z

Shashktiwari: Created page with "{{AFC submission/draft}}  Shashank Tiwari ( born on 22 August 2006 ) is an Musician or Blogger and Author. He is Youngest Author or Blogger in To..."

{{AFC submission/draft}}


Shashank Tiwari ( born on 22 August 2006 ) is an Musician or Blogger and Author. He is Youngest Author or Blogger in Town. He Started his music Carrier in 2021 on YouTube and all Music Streaming Platforms. Shashk Tiwari with the Sound Knowledge of Electronic Music, He Has his Hands in almost all Genre of Music.

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Shashk Tiwari is From Lucknow Uttar Pradesh. He is Musician or Blogger and Author. He Studied 12th From Jai Narayan P.G College Lucknow.

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