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Mahavatar Narsimha

2026-05-22T15:05:37Z

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{{Short description|2025 Indian film by Ashwin Kumar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mahavatar Narsimha
| image = File:Mahavatar Narsimha film poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Ashwin Kumar
| writer = Jayapurna Das
| producer = {{Plain list|
* Shilpaa Dhawan
* Kushal Desai
* Chaitanya Desai<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-05 |title=Hombale Films' Vijay Kiragandur on Mahavatar Narsimha under Mahavatar series: ' It will present awe-inspiring tales of Lord Vishnu's avatars &...' |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/hombale-films-vijay-kiragandur-on-mahavatar-narsimha-under-mahavatar-series-it-will-present-awe-inspiring-tales-of-lord-vishnus-avatars-13842066.html |access-date=2025-08-03 |website=[[Firstpost]] |language=en-us |archive-date=30 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250830083405/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/hombale-films-vijay-kiragandur-on-mahavatar-narsimha-under-mahavatar-series-it-will-present-awe-inspiring-tales-of-lord-vishnus-avatars-13842066.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
| based_on = [[Narasimha Purana]] [[Vishnu Purana]] [[Bhagavata Purana|Srimad Bhagavata Purana]]<ref name="Director Ashwin Kumar - 1"/>
| starring =
| cinematography =
| editing = {{Plain list|
* Ashwin Kumar
* Ajay Varma<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=18 November 2024 |title=We believe a story like 'Mahavatar Narsimha' deserves to be told: Vijay Kiragandur |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/Nov/18/we-believe-a-story-like-mahavatar-narsimha-deserves-to-be-told-vijay-kiragandur |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |access-date=24 July 2025 |archive-date=27 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250727211321/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/Nov/18/we-believe-a-story-like-mahavatar-narsimha-deserves-to-be-told-vijay-kiragandur |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
| music = [[Sam C. S.]]<ref name=":0" />
| studio = {{Plain list|
* Kleem Productions<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 November 2024 |title=Makers release first look of 'Mahavatar Narsimha' from the 'Mahavatar' series |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/makers-release-first-look-of-mahavatar-narsimha-from-the-mahavatar-series/articleshow/115381109.cms |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=13 July 2025 |archive-date=11 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250711030552/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/makers-release-first-look-of-mahavatar-narsimha-from-the-mahavatar-series/articleshow/115381109.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Hombale Films]] (presenters only)<ref>{{cite tweet |number=1937756784258928709 |user=hombalefilms |title=#HombaleFilms proudly presents the #MahavatarCinematicUniverse, through breathtaking animation envisioned and produced by #KleemProductions.🎥🔥 |author=Hombale Films |author-link=Hombale Films |access-date=12 July 2025}}</ref>
}}
| distributor = [[#Distribution|See below]]
| language = {{Plain list|
* Kannada
* Hindi
* Tamil
* Malayalam
* Telugu{{efn|name="language"|The film has lip-sync in these four languages, as stated by the makers, and the [[Central Board of Film Certification|CBFC]] certificates also indicate that these are not dubbed versions.}}
}}
| released = {{Film date|2024|11|25|[[International Film Festival of India|IFFI]]|2025|07|25|India|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2024 |title='Mahavatar Narsimha' Premieres At 55th IFFI: A Saga Of Faith, Courage, And Divine Power |url=https://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/mahavatar-narsimha-premieres-at-55th-iffi-a-saga-of-faith-courage-and-divine-power-2824805.html |website=[[Zee News]] |access-date=13 July 2025 |archive-date=28 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250728182840/https://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/mahavatar-narsimha-premieres-at-55th-iffi-a-saga-of-faith-courage-and-divine-power-2824805.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2025 |title=Makers of 'Mahavatar Narsimha' announce the release date with a mind-blowing first-look glimpse; netizens in awe of the animation quality |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/makers-of-mahavatar-narsimha-announce-the-release-date-with-a-mind-blowing-first-look-glimpse-netizens-in-awe-of-the-animation-quality/articleshow/121111551.cms |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
| runtime = 131 minutes (theatrical)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mahavatar Narsimha |url=https://cbfcindia.gov.in/cbfcAdmin/search-result.php?recid=Q0EwNTA2MTEyMDI0MDAwMTA= |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=[[Central Board of Film Certification]] |archive-date=16 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250816184742/https://cbfcindia.gov.in/cbfcAdmin/search-result.php?recid=Q0EwNTA2MTEyMDI0MDAwMTA%3D |url-status=live }}</ref> 141 minutes (IFFI)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://filmguide.iffigoa.org/detail/?id=6118|title=MYIFFI | Detail|website=filmguide.iffigoa.org|access-date=11 August 2025|archive-date=11 August 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250811122911/https://filmguide.iffigoa.org/detail/?id=6118|url-status=live}}</ref>
| budget = {{INR|20}} crore<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 August 2025 |title=Mahavatar Narsimha director Ashwin Kumar: We were in competition with films like Saiyaara, but saw this response coming |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/mahavatar-narsimha-director-ashwin-kumar-we-were-in-competition-with-films-like-saiyaara-but-saw-this-response-coming-101754566095191.html |access-date=11 August 2025 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=7 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250807141252/https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/mahavatar-narsimha-director-ashwin-kumar-we-were-in-competition-with-films-like-saiyaara-but-saw-this-response-coming-101754566095191.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| gross = 
{{INR|300{{ndash}}325 crore}}{{efn|name="bo"|''Mahavatar Narsimha''{{'}}s reported worldwide grosses vary between
₹300 crore (''[[Hindustan Times]]'',<ref>{{cite web |title=Mahavatar Narsimha OTT release date: When and where to watch mythological epic that became India's biggest animated hit |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/mahavatar-narsimha-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-mythological-epic-that-became-india-s-biggest-animated-hit-101758202695503.html |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=29 September 2025 |language=en |date=18 September 2025}}</ref> ''[[Cinema Express]]'',<ref>{{cite web |title=Mahavatar Narsimha finally gets OTT release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Sep/18/mahavatar-narsimha-finally-gets-ott-release-date |website=Cinema Express |access-date=29 September 2025 |language=en |date=18 September 2025 |archive-date=3 October 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251003130325/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Sep/18/mahavatar-narsimha-finally-gets-ott-release-date |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[News18]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Mahavatar Narsimha OTT Release Date: When And Where To Watch Mythological Epic That Became A Box Office Blockbuster |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/web-series/mahavatar-narsimha-ott-release-date-when-where-to-watch-mythological-epic-box-office-blockbuster-ws-kl-9581810.html |website=News18 |access-date=29 September 2025 |language=en |archive-date=1 October 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251001024804/https://www.news18.com/movies/web-series/mahavatar-narsimha-ott-release-date-when-where-to-watch-mythological-epic-box-office-blockbuster-ws-kl-9581810.html |url-status=live }}</ref>) –
₹325 crore (''[[DNA India]]'',<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wadhwa |first1=Aman |title=Mahavatar Narsimha OTT release date: When, where to watch Ashwin Kumar's blockbuster animated film |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-mahavatar-narsimha-ott-release-date-when-where-to-watch-ashwin-kumar-blockbuster-animated-film-netflix-3180718 |website=DNA India |access-date=29 September 2025 |language=en |archive-date=19 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250919011202/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-mahavatar-narsimha-ott-release-date-when-where-to-watch-ashwin-kumar-blockbuster-animated-film-netflix-3180718 |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[The Economic Times]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Mahavatar Narsimha OTT release date confirmed: When and where to watch Ashwin Kumar's mythological blockbuster online |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/mahavatar-narsimha-ott-release-date-confirmed-where-and-when-to-watch-ashwin-kumars-animated-blockbuster-online/articleshow/123980571.cms?from=mdr |website=The Economic Times |access-date=29 September 2025 |date=19 September 2025 |archive-date=3 October 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251003130333/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/mahavatar-narsimha-ott-release-date-confirmed-where-and-when-to-watch-ashwin-kumars-animated-blockbuster-online/articleshow/123980571.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>)}}
}}

'''''Mahavatar Narsimha''''' is a 2025{{efn|The film premiered at the [[55th International Film Festival of India]] in November 2024 and was released theatrically in July 2025.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 November 2024 |title=Mahavatar Narsimha premieres at 55th IFFI: A saga of faith, courage and divine power |url=https://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/mahavatar-narsimha-premieres-at-55th-iffi-a-saga-of-faith-courage-and-divine-power-2824805.html |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=Zee News |archive-date=28 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250728182840/https://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/mahavatar-narsimha-premieres-at-55th-iffi-a-saga-of-faith-courage-and-divine-power-2824805.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=25 November 2024 |title=Mahavatar Narsimha – A saga of courage, resilience and faith premieres at IFFI |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2077127 |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=Press Information Bureau |archive-date=1 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250801102855/https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2077127 |url-status=live }}</ref>}} Indian animated [[Epic film|epic]] [[Fantasy film|mythological]] [[Action film|action]] film directed by Ashwin Kumar in his [[directorial debut]], written by Jayapurna Das and produced by Kleem Productions. Presented by [[Hombale Films]], the film is the first installment in the planned seven-part animated [[Mahavatar Narsimha#Future|Mahavatar Cinematic Universe]], based on the [[Dashavatara|ten avatars]] (incarnations) of [[Vishnu]].

The film chronicles two avatars of Vishnu, [[Varaha]] and [[Narasimha]]. Varaha, a mighty boar, rescues [[Bhudevi]] (Mother [[Earth]]) from the [[asura]] (demon) [[Hiranyaksha]]. The story then shifts to the demon [[Hiranyakashipu]], Hiranyaksha's brother, who gains a boon from Brahma, declares himself god, and oppresses Vishnu's followers. Vishnu appears as Narsimha, a half-lion man form, who kills Hiranyakashipu while honoring the conditions of the demon's boon from [[Brahma]]. Blending two major episodes from the [[Dashavatara]], Mahavatar Narsimha explores themes of divine justice, faith, and the promise of protection to the righteous.

The soundtrack and background score were composed by [[Sam C. S.]], with editing handled by Ajay Varma and director Ashwin Kumar himself.

''Mahavatar Narsimha'' was premiered on 25 November 2024 at the [[55th International Film Festival of India]] and was theatrically released on 25 July 2025 in 2D and [[3D film|3D]] formats. The film received generally positive reviews from critics and audiences, who praised the direction, visuals, screenplay, music, animation and acting but criticized its graphic violence which was deemed too violent in the animation genre and for kids. It performed extremely well in the Hindi version. Estimates of its worldwide box office gross range from {{INRConvert|300|c|lk=c|year=2025|to=USD}} to {{INRConvert|325|c|year=2025|to=USD}}. It is the [[List of Indian films of 2025#Box office collection|seventh highest-grossing Indian film of 2025]]. It emerged as the [[List of highest-grossing Indian animated films|highest-grossing Indian animated film]], surpassing ''[[Kochadaiiyaan]]'' (2014), and also the [[List of highest-grossing animated films in India|highest-grossing animated film in India]], surpassing ''[[The Lion King (2019 film)|The Lion King]]'' (2019).

==Plot==
Sage [[Kashyapa]] is approached by a desperate [[Diti]] for children, to which Kashyapa protests that it is an inauspicious hour where demonic entities along with their master, [[Shiva]], roam the skies. However, Diti remains stubborn, and Kashyapa reluctantly agrees. However, the next morning, Kashyapa tell Diti that since she approached him during an inauspicious hour, she shall give birth to two ferocious demons who shall provoke enmity with the gods, terrorize their devotees, and eventually be slain by [[Vishnu]] himself when their sins reach their height, much to Diti's distress. As prophesized by Kashyapa, Diti ends up giving birth to two demonic sons, [[Hiranyakashipu]] and [[Hiranyaksha]], who are later instructed under the guidance of [[Shukra]], the [[guru]] of demons.

The younger brother, Hiranyaksha, kidnaps [[Bhumi (goddess)|Bhumi]] and imprisons her under the [[Causal Ocean]] to provoke Vishnu, throwing the world into chaos. The deities desperately seek Vishnu's assistance, to which Vishnu subsequently takes the form of [[Varaha]]—a colossal, divine boar—and engages Hiranyaksha in battle. Varaha rescues Bhudevi and kills Hiranyaksha in the subsequent duel.

Hiranyakashipu attacks Vishnu's devotees and retreats into the [[Himalayas]] for deep [[tapasya]] in order to obtain a boon of his choice from [[Brahma]] to be able to deal with Vishnu. His severe penance starts to burn the universe, forcing Brahma to appear before him and grant him his boon, which is that he cannot be slain by any creation of Brahma, be it a god, man or beast, during the day or at night, indoors or outdoors, on land or in the sky, by any animate or inanimate object, by any weapon or by hand. Hiranyakashipu then declares war on the gods, conquers their realms, and proclaims himself "God of the Universe."

[[Indra]] abducts Hiranyakashipu's pregnant wife, Kayadhu. However, [[Narada]] intervenes as a guru and advises Indra to uphold [[dharma]] even in times of adversity. Narada then offers shelter to Kayadhu in his ashram and instructs her in the path of devotion to Vishnu, teachings which are absorbed by her unborn child [[Prahlada]].

Five years later, Prahlada, who does not see his father as God, is secretly a devotee of Vishnu. When his father finds out of Prahlada's devotion, he orders Prahlada's teachers and Shukra's sons to teach the boy better, but they fail to do so, and Prahlada even preaches his faith to Shukra's sons. Infuriated, the demon king sentences his son to death, but attempts to execute him are unsuccessful, as Prahlada emerges unharmed each time, protected by the very force his father seeks to destroy.

Hiranyakashipu then turns to his sister [[Holika]], who has been granted a boon of invincibility against fire. He then has Holika take Prahlada with her to the pyre for Prahlada to burn. Ironically, however, Holika gets burned to death, as her boon was conditional on being used only for righteous reasons, while Prahlada emerges unharmed. Frustrated, Hiranyakashipu has him thrown into the ocean, only for [[Garuda]] and [[Varuna]] to save the child. When Varuna tells the boy that like him, Vishnu longs to meet him too, Prahlada calls out to him tearfully in a moment of desperation. Surprising him, Vishnu appears and tells him that he has won him over with his selfless love. Prahlada requests to perceive him in every animate and inanimate object, which Vishnu grants.

Upon returning home, Prahlada is mocked by his father, who sarcastically asks if Vishnu is present within a nearby pillar. Prahlada affirms that he is couple. Enraged, Hiranyakashipu strikes the pillar, from which Vishnu emerges in the form of [[Narasimha]], a terrifying avatar with the body of a man and the head and claws of a lion. A massive battle ensues, during which Narasimha slaughters many demons. The avatar ultimately defeats Hiranyakashipu and kills him through evisceration in a manner that circumvents Brahma's boon: at twilight (neither day nor night), at the entrance (neither indoors nor outdoors), on his lap (neither on land nor in the sky), using his claws (neither by hand nor weapon), and as an avatar (neither a god, man, nor animal).

However, even after killing Hiranyakashipu, Narasimha remains terrifyingly and extremely furious and goes on a destructive rampage, with his rage shaking the cosmos. Brahma sends Prahlada to pacify Narasimha's rage, which he does. A calmed down Narasimha then embraces Prahlada, assuring him that his father has been purified of his sins by divine touch. He declares that from now on the boy shall be revered as one of his greatest devotees, and that whoever worships him will undoubtedly be worthy of his grace.

Surrounding devotees, along with the gods and demigods, including Shiva and [[Parvati]], gather to perform the "Narasimha Aarti", a devotional hymn. Afterwards, Narada reminds Indra that Hiranyakashipu and Hiranyaksha were only the first of three births of [[Jaya-Vijaya]] in [[Satya Yuga]].

==Voice cast==
=== Hindi version===
{{cast listing|
* Aditya Raj Sharma as [[Hiranyakashipu]]
* Haripriya Matta as [[Prahlada|Prahlad]]
* Sanket Jaiswal as Narrator
* Priyanka Bhandari as Kayadhu
* Vasundhra Bose as:
** [[Diti]]
** [[Lakshmi|Lakshmi Ji]]
* Harjeet Walia as [[Narasimha|Lord Narsimha]]
* Sanchit Wartak as [[Hiranyaksha|Hiranyaaksh]]
* Saanwari Yagnik as [[Holika]]
* Dinesh Varma as:
** [[Kashyapa|Kashyap Muni]]
** [[Shukra|Shukracharya]]
* Uplaksh Kochhar as [[Vishnu|Lord Vishnu]]
* Akshay Joshi as Baksia
* Harish Moily as:
** [[Narada|Narad Muni]]
** Thin Guard
* Ajay Singhal as Fat Guard
* Nehal Pandey as [[Bhumi (goddess)|Bhumi]] (uncredited)
* Sankalp Jaiswal as Akhanda
* [[Karan Trivedi]] as:
** Amarka
** Sanda
* Abhishek Sharma as [[Brahma|Lord Brahma]]
* Dixoan Shah as [[Indra|Lord Indra]]
* Shahid Zafar as [[Varuna|Varun Dev]]
* Rakesh Soni as [[Demigod]]
* Ayushi Anand as Dina
* Anshul Sharma as [[Surya|Surya Dev]]
}}

==Production==
The project emerged from Kleem Productions' desire to create a 3D animated epic rooted in [[Hindu history]]. Announced in mid‑2024, the film is described by director Ashwin Kumar as a "labor of love rooted in our collective history," drawing inspiration from the ''[[Vishnu Purana]]'', ''[[Narasimha Purana]]'', and ''[[Shrimad Bhagavata Purana|Shrimad Bhagavat Purana]]''. [[Hombale Films]] presents the film.<ref name="Director Ashwin Kumar - 1">{{Cite web |date=26 November 2024 |title=Ashwin Kumar calls Mahavatar Narsimha "Labour of love rooted in our collective history" after its premiere at IFFI |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/ashwin-kumar-calls-mahavatar-narsimha-labor-love-rooted-collective-history-premiere-iffi/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=13 July 2025 |archive-date=29 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250629073107/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/ashwin-kumar-calls-mahavatar-narsimha-labor-love-rooted-collective-history-premiere-iffi/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Director Ashwin Kumar - 2">{{Cite web |date=27 November 2024 |title=Director Ashwin Kumar is confident that 'Mahavatar Narsimha' will set new standards for Indian animation and VFX |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/director-ashwin-kumar-is-confident-that-mahavatar-narsimha-will-set-new-standards-for-indian-animation-and-vfx/articleshow/115720301.cms |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=13 July 2025 |archive-date=11 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250711030552/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/director-ashwin-kumar-is-confident-that-mahavatar-narsimha-will-set-new-standards-for-indian-animation-and-vfx/articleshow/115720301.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

The production marked a strategic push to elevate [[Indian animation history|Indian animation]]. Kumar emphasized their goal to challenge the notion that animation is only for children, asserting that the film proves "Indian VFX and animation can be of world‑class quality."<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2024 |title=A New Era in Indian Animation: Mahavatar Narsimha |url=https://observervoice.com/a-new-era-in-indian-animation-mahavatar-narsimha-79017/ |website=Observer Voice |access-date=13 July 2025 |archive-date=27 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250727220752/https://observervoice.com/a-new-era-in-indian-animation-mahavatar-narsimha-79017/ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Better source needed|reason=The current source may be insufficiently reliable ([[BP:NOTRS]]) per talk page.|date=November 2025}} The animation process spanned roughly four and a half years, with particular attention paid to photorealism.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2024 |title=Mahavatar Narsimha based on 3 puranas, will change animation in India: Director |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/mahavatar-narsimha-based-on-3-puranas-will-change-animation-in-india-says-director-2640467-2024-11-26 |website=[[India Today]] |access-date=24 July 2025 |archive-date=29 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250629070602/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/mahavatar-narsimha-based-on-3-puranas-will-change-animation-in-india-says-director-2640467-2024-11-26 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Incorporation of historical sites and Hindu scriptures ===
In an interview published on the official channel of Hombale Films, director Ashwin Kumar discussed his personal visit to Raktkund at [[Ahobila Matha]] and elaborated on how the film incorporates various historical and scriptural references.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 July 2025 |title=Mahavatar Narsimha Special Interview – Telugu {{!}} Ashwin Kumar {{!}} Kleem Productions {{!}} Hombale Films |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-M3pBzX47gQ&list=PLyn3ph7Iw4XDEcHnRCIP8Xs1tUvpkiCtW&index=8 |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=15 August 2025 |archive-date=17 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250817012918/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-M3pBzX47gQ&list=PLyn3ph7Iw4XDEcHnRCIP8Xs1tUvpkiCtW&index=8 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Similarly to the film [[Ram Setu]], archaeological sites shape the narrative. These include [[Ahobilam|Ahobila's Nava Narasimha Swamy temples]], the restored Yog-Narasimha shrine in [[Hampi]] and the ruins of the [[Prahladpuri Temple]] in [[Multan|Multan, Pakistan]]. The film is also based on sacred texts like the [[Vishnu Purana]], ''[[Varaha Purana]]'', [[Narasimha Purana]], ''[[Padma Purana]]'', and the [[Shrimad Bhagavata Purana|Bhagavata Purana]].{{citation needed|date=November 2025}}

==Music==
{{Main|Mahavatar Narsimha (soundtrack)}}
The film score and soundtrack album of the film are composed by [[Sam C. S.]] in his first collaboration with Ashwin Kumar. The audio rights for the Kannada, Telugu, Tamil, and Malayalam versions were acquired by [[Think Music]], while the Hindi version was acquired by [[Ishtar Music]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2025 |title=#MahavatarNarasimha's audio rights have been acquired by @thinkmusicindia. The musical journey begins with the First Single, releasing TODAY at 5:55 PM 🎵💥 |url=https://x.com/MahavatarTales/status/1937787804127572301?t=KnLMm38K2OCdn3NXTqWTFQ&s=19 |website=[[Twitter]] |access-date=13 July 2025 |archive-date=27 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250727223339/https://x.com/MahavatarTales/status/1937787804127572301?t=KnLMm38K2OCdn3NXTqWTFQ&s=19 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2025 |title=Roar Of Narsimha song from Mahavatar Narsimha is out |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/roar-of-narsimha-song-from-mahavatar-narsimha-is-out-1887645 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |access-date=13 July 2025 |archive-date=27 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250727215918/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/roar-of-narsimha-song-from-mahavatar-narsimha-is-out-1887645 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2025 |title=Mahavatar Narsimha Jukebox Out - Deets Inside |url=https://zeenews.india.com/regional/mahavatar-narsimha-jukebox-out-deets-inside-2929205.html/amp |website=[[Zee News]] |access-date=13 July 2025 |archive-date=27 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250727213202/https://zeenews.india.com/regional/mahavatar-narsimha-jukebox-out-deets-inside-2929205.html/amp |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Release==
===Premiere===
''Mahavatar Narsimha'' had its premiere on 25 November 2024 at the [[55th International Film Festival of India]] under the Indian Panorama section.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2024 |title='Mahavatar Narsimha' Premieres At 55th IFFI: A Saga Of Faith, Courage, And Divine Power |url=https://www.zeenews.india.com/bollywood/mahavatar-narsimha-premieres-at-55th-iffi-a-saga-of-faith-courage-and-divine-power-2824805.html/amp |website=[[Zee News]]}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It was premiered in Hindi.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 October 2024 |title=The 25 Feature Films selected in Indian Panorama 2024 |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2067711 |access-date=12 August 2025 |website=Press Information Bureau |archive-date=23 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823110147/https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2067711 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Theatrical===
The film was initially scheduled for release in theatres on 3 April 2025, but was postponed and released on 25 July 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2025 |title=Mahavatar Narsimha Release Date Announced With Epic Video |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/mahavatar-narsimha-release-date-announced-with-epic-video-aa-9333767.html |website=[[News18]] |access-date=13 July 2025 |archive-date=27 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250727221839/https://www.news18.com/movies/mahavatar-narsimha-release-date-announced-with-epic-video-aa-9333767.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It was theatrically released in [[Hindi]], [[Kannada]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], and [[Malayalam]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-26 |title=First single 'Roar of Narsimha' from Mahavatar Narsimha released in five languages |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/first-single-roar-narsimha-mahavatar-narsimha-released-five-languages/ |access-date=2025-07-30 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en |archive-date=28 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250728193643/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/first-single-roar-narsimha-mahavatar-narsimha-released-five-languages/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The theatrical version had a runtime of 131 minutes, 10 minutes less than the film festival version.

=== Marketing ===
A motion poster of the film was released on 16 November 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 November 2024 |title='Mahavatar Narsimha': Hombale Films unveils the first part of 'Mahavatar' series |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/mahavatar-narsimha-hombale-films-unveils-the-first-part-of-mahavatar-series/article68876404.ece/ |website=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=13 July 2025 |archive-date=18 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250818015322/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/mahavatar-narsimha-hombale-films-unveils-the-first-part-of-mahavatar-series/article68876404.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> A [[Teaser (trailer)|teaser trailer]] of the film was released on 14 January 2025, on [[Makar Sankranti]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 January 2025 |title=Mahavatar Narsimha teaser: Hombale Films brings story of Lord Vishnu's 4th avatar |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/mahavatar-narsimha-teaser-hombale-films-brings-story-of-lord-vishnu-4th-avatar-2664513-2025-01-14 |website=[[India Today]] |access-date=24 July 2025 |archive-date=19 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250819171306/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/mahavatar-narsimha-teaser-hombale-films-brings-story-of-lord-vishnu-4th-avatar-2664513-2025-01-14 |url-status=live }}</ref> The trailer of the film was released on 9 July 2025 on the official YouTube channel of [[Hombale Films]] in five languages (Hindi, Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, and Malayalam).<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2025 |title=Mahavatar Narsimha trailer: Lord Vishnu and Prahald's epic tale comes alive |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/mahavatar-narsimha-trailer-lord-vishnu-and-prahalds-epic-tale-comes-alive-2753326-2025-07-09 |website=[[India Today]] |access-date=13 July 2025 |archive-date=9 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250709141748/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/mahavatar-narsimha-trailer-lord-vishnu-and-prahalds-epic-tale-comes-alive-2753326-2025-07-09 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p7eE_dn9u4k&list=PLyn3ph7Iw4XDEcHnRCIP8Xs1tUvpkiCtW |title=Mahavatar Narsimha Official Hindi Trailer {{!}} July 25th Grand Release {{!}} Hombale Films |date=2025-07-09 |last=Hombale Films |access-date=2025-10-27 |via=YouTube |archive-date=23 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823110753/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p7eE_dn9u4k&list=PLyn3ph7Iw4XDEcHnRCIP8Xs1tUvpkiCtW |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Distribution ===
The distribution rights were acquired by [[AA Films]] in [[North India]] and [[Nepal]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2025 |title=#MahavatarNarsimha's thunderous roar will echo across the nation! Witness the majestic epic unfold on the big screen. Releasing this July 25th, across North India including Nepal by @AAFilmsIndia🔥 |url=https://x.com/MahavatarTales/status/1943273603904213110?t=ukFFN3FNFNkaEHu7slnrVg&s=19 |website=[[Twitter]] |access-date=15 July 2025 |archive-date=27 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250727213400/https://x.com/MahavatarTales/status/1943273603904213110?t=ukFFN3FNFNkaEHu7slnrVg&s=19 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film's presenter [[Hombale Films]] handled the acquisition for the [[Karnataka]] distribution rights.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-22 |title=ಬಹುಭಾಷೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಜುಲೈ 25ಕ್ಕೆ ತೆರೆಕಾಣಲಿದೆ 'ಮಹಾವತಾರ ನರಸಿಂಹ' ಆನಿಮೇಷನ್‌ ಸಿನಿಮಾ |url=https://tv9kannada.com/entertainment/sandalwood/mahavatar-narsimha-animated-movie-2025-release-in-karnataka-through-hombale-films-1056610.html |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=TV9 Kannada |language=kn |archive-date=22 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250722171312/https://tv9kannada.com/entertainment/sandalwood/mahavatar-narsimha-animated-movie-2025-release-in-karnataka-through-hombale-films-1056610.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The distribution rights in [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]] were acquired by [[Geetha Arts]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-13 |title=Geetha Arts to release Mahavatar Narasimha in Telugu states |url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/geetha-arts-to-release-mahavatar-narasimha-in-telugu-states.html |access-date=2025-08-16 |website=123telugu |language=en-US |archive-date=14 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250814080535/https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/geetha-arts-to-release-mahavatar-narasimha-in-telugu-states.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Kerala]] distribution rights were acquired by [[Prithviraj Productions]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2025 |title=The divine fury of #MahavatarNarsimha is ready to blaze through Kerala 🔥 Releasing in theatres this July 25th, across Kerala by @PrithviOfficial @PrithvirajProd |url=https://x.com/MahavatarTales/status/1944721051918987289?t=-WhKTSSFawSQxzs4R7NbrQ&s=19 |website=Twitter |access-date=15 July 2025 |archive-date=27 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250727212256/https://x.com/MahavatarTales/status/1944721051918987289?t=-WhKTSSFawSQxzs4R7NbrQ&s=19 |url-status=live }}</ref> The distribution rights in [[Tamil Nadu]] were acquired by Think Studios and S Picture.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2025 |title=The mighty roar of #MahavatarNarsimha is heading to Tamil Nadu 🔥 Releasing in cinemas this July 25th, across Tamil Nadu by @ThinkStudiosInd & @SPictureFilms |url=https://x.com/MahavatarTales/status/1945135000615014754?t=RnR-c4maKSNCPq7rKMkHeA&s=19 |website=Twitter |access-date=15 July 2025 |archive-date=27 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250727211557/https://x.com/MahavatarTales/status/1945135000615014754?t=RnR-c4maKSNCPq7rKMkHeA&s=19 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The overseas distribution rights in [[North America]] were acquired by Prathyangira Cinemas.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2025 |title=The roar echoes across the oceans! 🌊🦁 After creating divine waves in India, #MahavatarNarsimhA storms into North America from JULY 31st! 🇺🇸🔥Experience the myth. Witness the might. In theatres near you! ✨ North America Release by @PrathyangiraUS |url=https://x.com/PrathyangiraUS/status/1949423165215846590?t=YsqlQnJIX9dhiNBRt_oZJQ&s=19 |website=Twitter |access-date=3 August 2025 |archive-date=12 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250812003845/https://x.com/PrathyangiraUS/status/1949423165215846590?t=YsqlQnJIX9dhiNBRt_oZJQ&s=19 |url-status=live }}</ref> The distribution rights in the [[Middle East]] were acquired by Phars Film Co.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2025 |title=After creating a divine wave in India, #MahavatarNarsimha is all set to roar across the 𝐌𝐢𝐝𝐝𝐥𝐞 𝐄𝐚𝐬𝐭 from 𝐉𝐔𝐋𝐘 𝟑𝟏𝐬𝐭, releasing through @PharsFilm ✨ |url=https://x.com/MahavatarTales/status/1949461964608143775 |website=Twitter |access-date=3 August 2025 |archive-date=12 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250812003841/https://x.com/MahavatarTales/status/1949461964608143775 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]] distribution rights were acquired by Tolly Movies International.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2025 |title=The divine roar echoes across the world… and now, it reaches Australia 🇦🇺#MahavatarNarsimha is all set to ignite the screens across 𝐀𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐚 from 𝐉𝐔𝐋𝐘 𝟑𝟏𝐬𝐭, releasing through @tolly_movies ✨ |url=https://x.com/MahavatarTales/status/1949479159354581153 |website=Twitter |access-date=3 August 2025 |archive-date=12 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250812003840/https://x.com/MahavatarTales/status/1949479159354581153 |url-status=live }}</ref> The theatrical rights in the United Kingdom were acquired by Dreamz Entertainment.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2025 |title=After a phenomenal response in India, the global journey begins…❤️‍🔥#MahavatarNarsimha is releasing across the 𝐔𝐊 from 𝐉𝐔𝐋𝐘 𝟑𝟏𝐬𝐭, through @TeamDreamZE 🇬🇧 Witness the divine epic unfold on the big screen! |url=https://x.com/MahavatarTales/status/1949491741754618000 |website=Twitter |access-date=3 August 2025 |archive-date=12 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250812003845/https://x.com/MahavatarTales/status/1949491741754618000 |url-status=live }}</ref> The distribution rights in [[Singapore]] and [[Sri Lanka]] were acquired by Home Screen Entertainment.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2025 |title=After shaking theatres in India, #MahavatarNarsimha continues its divine journey to 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐚𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐞 on 𝐉𝐔𝐋𝐘 𝟑𝟏𝐬𝐭, releasing through @homescreenent ❤️‍🔥 |url=https://x.com/MahavatarTales/status/1949502652569862464 |website=Twitter |access-date=3 August 2025 |archive-date=12 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250812003845/https://x.com/MahavatarTales/status/1949502652569862464 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2025 |title=The roar of Dharma now echoes in Sri Lanka 🇱🇰 #MahavatarNarsimha is all set to release across 𝐒𝐫𝐢 𝐋𝐚𝐧𝐤𝐚 from 𝐉𝐔𝐋𝐘 𝟑𝟏𝐬𝐭, through @homescreenent 🔥 |url=https://x.com/MahavatarTales/status/1949781498263146896 |website=Twitter |access-date=3 August 2025 |archive-date=12 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250812003845/https://x.com/MahavatarTales/status/1949781498263146896 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Malaysia]]n distribution rights were acquired by DMY Creation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2025 |title=The roar of Dharma now reaches Malaysia 🇲🇾#MahavatarNarsimha is all set to storm theatres across 𝐌𝐚𝐥𝐚𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐚 from 𝐉𝐔𝐋𝐘 𝟑𝟏𝐬𝐭, releasing through @dmycreationoffl ❤️‍🔥 |url=https://x.com/MahavatarTales/status/1949735462765027466?s=19 |website=Twitter |access-date=3 August 2025 |archive-date=12 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250812003839/https://x.com/MahavatarTales/status/1949735462765027466?s=19 |url-status=live }}</ref> The distribution rights in [[Europe]] were acquired by 4 Seasons Creations.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2025 |title=The roar goes global ❤️‍🔥 #MahavatarNarsimha hitting theatres across 𝐄𝐮𝐫𝐨𝐩𝐞 from 𝐉𝐔𝐋𝐘 𝟑𝟏𝐬𝐭, releasing through @4SeasonCreation ✨ |url=https://x.com/MahavatarTales/status/1949741037410283599 |website=Twitter |access-date=3 August 2025 |archive-date=12 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250812003847/https://x.com/MahavatarTales/status/1949741037410283599 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Home media===
On 13 September 2025, a deleted scene was released on YouTube.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyn3ph7Iw4XBI-tZZsAk6UKVfHkwq175F|title=Mahavatar Narsimha | Deleted Scene | Ashwin Kumar | Hombale Films|website=YouTube|access-date=19 September 2025|archive-date=3 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251003130328/https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyn3ph7Iw4XBI-tZZsAk6UKVfHkwq175F|url-status=live}}</ref> The film began streaming on [[Netflix]] from 19 September 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/mahavatar-narsimha-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-mythological-epic-that-became-india-s-biggest-animated-hit-101758202695503.html|title=Mahavatar Narsimha OTT release date: When and where to watch mythological epic that became India's biggest animated hit|date=18 September 2025|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> On Netflix, the film's original language is Hindi and dubbed audios are available along with the Hindi video stream.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Mahavatar Narsimha {{!}} Netflix |url=https://www.netflix.com/in/title/82131939 |website=[[Netflix]] |access-date=19 September 2025 |archive-date=3 October 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251003130328/https://www.netflix.com/in/title/82131939 |url-status=live }}</ref>The movie is scheduled to be shown on DTH on Channel [[Sony Max]] on 24 January 2026 for Hindi version.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/reel/DSftXrok4lt/ |access-date=2026-01-18 |website=www.instagram.com}}</ref> And The movie Is A Scheduled Will Be Broadcast Shown On [[Sun TV Network]] for dubbed version in Kannada, Telugu, Tamil & Malayalam Languages.

== Reception ==
=== Box office ===
''Mahavatar Narsimha'' earned ₹2.29 crore on its opening day.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-07-28 |title='Mahavatar Narsimha' opens with ₹2.29 crore, sets stage for animated mythology franchise |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/mahavatar-narsimha-opens-with-229-crore-sets-stage-for-animated-mythology-franchise/article69864315.ece |access-date=2025-08-02 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=28 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250728073035/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/mahavatar-narsimha-opens-with-229-crore-sets-stage-for-animated-mythology-franchise/article69864315.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> In its first week, the film grossed ₹53 crore, including ₹32.82 crore from the Hindi version.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2025 |title=Mahavatar Narsimha box office: The animated film beats Saiyaara, Son of Sardaar & Dhadak 2 - here's how |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/mahavatar-narsimha-box-office-the-animated-film-earns-more-than-saiyaara-son-of-sardaar-dhadak-2-on-its-2nd-friday-ahaan-panday-aneet-padda-ajay-devgn-mrunal-thakur-13917831.html |access-date=2025-08-02 |website=[[Firstpost]] |archive-date=2 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250802053904/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/mahavatar-narsimha-box-office-the-animated-film-earns-more-than-saiyaara-son-of-sardaar-dhadak-2-on-its-2nd-friday-ahaan-panday-aneet-padda-ajay-devgn-mrunal-thakur-13917831.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-01 |title=Mahavatar Narsimha (Hindi) Box Office: Is a HIT in Week One itself, scores a massive Rs. 30 crores |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/mahavatar-narsimha-hindi-box-office-hit-week-one-scores-massive-rs-30-crores/ |access-date=2025-08-03 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en |archive-date=1 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250801120928/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/mahavatar-narsimha-hindi-box-office-hit-week-one-scores-massive-rs-30-crores/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The net box office total in India in its first week ₹43.50 crore.<ref name=":BOI">{{Cite web |title=Mahavatar Narsimha Has Fantastic First Week |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=9266 |access-date=2025-08-02 |website=Box Office India |archive-date=1 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250801115010/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=9266 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The film netted ₹171 crore by its third weekend after release.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mahavatar Narsimha Extraordinary Third Weekend |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=9289 |access-date=2025-08-13 |website=[[Box Office India]] |archive-date=13 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250813135432/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=9289 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-13 |title=Uttar Pradesh tourism hails Mahavatar Narsimha for showcasing cultural heritage |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/uttar-pradesh-tourism-hails-mahavatar-narsimha-showcasing-cultural-heritage/ |access-date=2025-08-14 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en |archive-date=13 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250813220738/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/uttar-pradesh-tourism-hails-mahavatar-narsimha-showcasing-cultural-heritage/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In its final run, the Hindi version netted ₹188 crore, the Kannada version ₹9.87 crore, the Telugu version ₹49.14 crore, and the Tamil version ₹2.91.<ref>{{cite web | title=Mahavatar Narsimha final box office collection: Animation mints ₹326 cr, 8X its budget; beats War 2, Sitaare Zameen Par | date=22 September 2025 | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/mahavatar-narsimha-final-box-office-collection-animation-mints-326-cr-8x-its-budget-beats-war-2-sitaare-zameen-par-101758521678531.html }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Ashwin Kumar's 'Mahavatar Narsimha' crosses Rs 250 crore mark on 53rd day of release | work=The Times of India | date=17 September 2025 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/box-office/ashwin-kumars-mahavatar-narsimha-crosses-rs-250-crore-mark-on-53rd-day-of-release/articleshow/123914001.cms | access-date=22 September 2025 | archive-date=23 September 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250923192659/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/box-office/ashwin-kumars-mahavatar-narsimha-crosses-rs-250-crore-mark-on-53rd-day-of-release/articleshow/123914001.cms | url-status=live }}</ref>

The film grossed over ₹300 crore in its final theatrical run.{{efn|name="bo"}}

=== Critical response ===
Mahavatar Narsimha received generally positive reviews from critics who praised the screenplay, music, animation, story and acting but criticized its graphic violence which was deemed too violent in the animation genre.

Ahana Tiwari of ''[[Zee News]]'' gave 4/5 stars and wrote, "In the end, Mahavatar Narsimha might be far from perfect, yet standing as a quietly confident and emotionally effective film that successfully delivers a deeply moving and devotional cinematic experience. While not without its flaws, it more than compensates with its heart, message, and the sheer sincerity of its storytelling".<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2025 |title=Mahavatar Narsimha Movie Review: Impressive Visual Spectacle Driven By Epic Tale Of Mythology |url=https://www.zeenews.india.com/bollywood/mahavatar-narsimha-movie-review-impressive-visual-spectacle-driven-by-epic-tale-of-mythology-2936534.html/amp |website=[[Zee News]] |access-date=31 July 2025 |archive-date=27 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250727210715/https://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/mahavatar-narsimha-movie-review-impressive-visual-spectacle-driven-by-epic-tale-of-mythology-2936534.html/amp |url-status=dead }}</ref> Anurag Singh Bohra of ''[[India Today]]'' rated the film 3.5/5 stars and wrote, "Overall, the film makes for a compelling watch for its emotional relatability and stunning depiction of Narsimha in the goosebump-inducing climax".<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2025 |title=Mahavatar Narsimha review: Emotionally uplifting tale about devotion, compassion |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/mahavatar-narsimha-review-emotionally-uplifting-devotion-compassion-animation-mahavatar-cinematic-universe-2760938-2025-07-25 |website=[[India Today]] |access-date=30 July 2025 |archive-date=28 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250728132908/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/mahavatar-narsimha-review-emotionally-uplifting-devotion-compassion-animation-mahavatar-cinematic-universe-2760938-2025-07-25 |url-status=live }}</ref> Susmita Sameera of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated it 3/5 stars and wrote, "Mahavatar Narsimha is made with sincerity and ambition. As a first attempt, it lays the groundwork for a promising future in Indian animated devotional cinema. It is certainly worth experiencing in theatres—for both its pioneering effort and its visual ambition".<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2025 |title=Mahavatar Narsimha Movie Review: A Grand Visual Odyssey with Emotional Gaps |url=https://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/mahavatar-narsimha-a-grand-visual-odyssey-with-emotional-gaps/amp_movie_review/122910343.cms |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=28 July 2025 |archive-date=29 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250729143908/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/mahavatar-narsimha-a-grand-visual-odyssey-with-emotional-gaps/amp_movie_review/122910343.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Bhawna Arya of ''[[Times Now]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote, "To sum it up, Mahavatar Narsimha by Hombale is an animated film that beautifully and eloquently celebrates the fierceness of Vishnu's incarnation with breathtaking artistry and heartfelt storytelling".<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2025 |title=Mahavatar Narsimha Movie Review: Hombale's Animated Film Is Visually Stunning Spectacle Of Lord Vishnu's Fierce Incarnation |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/mahavatar-narsimha-movie-review-hombales-animated-film-is-visually-stunning-spectacle-of-lord-vishnus-fierce-incarnation-review-152340072/amp |website=[[Times Now]] |access-date=31 July 2025 |archive-date=24 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724163448/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/mahavatar-narsimha-movie-review-hombales-animated-film-is-visually-stunning-spectacle-of-lord-vishnus-fierce-incarnation-review-152340072/amp |url-status=live }}</ref> Ganesh Aaglave of ''[[Firstpost]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote, "In the time of larger-than-life action spectacles and rom-coms, experiencing a movie like Mahavatar Narsimha definitely evokes different kinds of positive and holistic emotions".<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 July 2025 |title=Mahavatar Narsimha movie review: The mythological animation spectacle is an entertaining affair to teach Gen Z & kids about Lord Vishnu's most fierce avatar |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/mahavatar-narsimha-movie-review-the-mythological-animation-spectacle-is-an-entertaining-affair-to-teach-gen-z-kids-about-lord-vishnus-most-fierce-avatar-13911427.html/amp |website=[[Firstpost]] |access-date=31 July 2025 |archive-date=2 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250802053926/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/mahavatar-narsimha-movie-review-the-mythological-animation-spectacle-is-an-entertaining-affair-to-teach-gen-z-kids-about-lord-vishnus-most-fierce-avatar-13911427.html/amp |url-status=live }}</ref> Shubhra Gupta of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave 2.5/5 stars and wrote, "The climax is world-class, even if ultra-violent, with body parts and blood flowing generously. Trigger warning for small kids. And yourself, if you are faint-hearted. But hey, demons being torn to pieces feels as if justice has been done: our gods really know how to do the [[Avengers (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Avengers]] thing".<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2025 |title=Mahavatar Narsimha movie review: Epic in scale, uneven in execution |url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/mahavatar-narsimha-movie-review-our-gods-really-know-how-to-do-avenger-thing-10149019/lite/ |website=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=31 July 2025 |archive-date=2 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250802200111/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/mahavatar-narsimha-movie-review-our-gods-really-know-how-to-do-avenger-thing-10149019/lite/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Future ==

In June 2025, the filmmakers announced plans to expand ''Mahavatar Narsimha'' into a larger animated franchise, the ''Mahavatar Cinematic Universe'', based on the [[avatars]] of [[Lord Vishnu|Vishnu]]. Director Ashwin Kumar and Kleem Productions, in association with [[Hombale Films]], revealed a 12-year plan to adapt the [[Dashavatar]] in an interconnected series of 3D-animated films.<ref name="NDTV">{{cite web |date=25 June 2025 |title=From Narsimha To Kalki, Hombale Films Announce Grand Mahavatar Cinematic Universe |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/from-narsimha-to-kalki-hombale-films-announce-grand-mahavatar-cinematic-universe-8759646 |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=NDTV |archive-date=10 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250710094438/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/from-narsimha-to-kalki-hombale-films-announce-grand-mahavatar-cinematic-universe-8759646 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="DeccanHerald">{{cite web |date=25 June 2025 |title=From Narsimha to Kalki: Hombale Films, Kleem Productions unveil Mahavatar Cinematic Universe with 7-film slate |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/from-narsimha-to-kalki-hombale-films-kleem-productions-unveil-mahavatar-cinematic-universe-with-7-film-slate-3601958 |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=Deccan Herald |archive-date=16 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250816213145/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/from-narsimha-to-kalki-hombale-films-kleem-productions-unveil-mahavatar-cinematic-universe-with-7-film-slate-3601958 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="India Today">{{cite web |date=25 June 2025 |title=Hombale Films announce Mahavatar Cinematic Universe, to start with Narsimha in July |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/hombale-films-announce-mahavatar-cinematic-universe-to-start-with-narasimha-in-july-2745976-2025-06-25 |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=India Today |archive-date=18 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250818100636/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/hombale-films-announce-mahavatar-cinematic-universe-to-start-with-narasimha-in-july-2745976-2025-06-25 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="TheHindu">{{cite web |date=25 June 2025 |title=Hombale Films announces the Mahavatar Cinematic Universe, 'Mahavatar Narsimha' animated franchise |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/hombale-films-announces-the-mahavatar-cinematic-universe-mahavatar-narasimha-animated-franchise/article69735870.ece/ |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=The Hindu |archive-date=17 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250717161652/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/hombale-films-announces-the-mahavatar-cinematic-universe-mahavatar-narasimha-animated-franchise/article69735870.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Universe is planned to release new installments every two years, from 2025 to 2037, depicting each avatar with modern cinematic storytelling for global audiences. While ''Mahavatar Narsimha'' serves as the launch, future entries will follow the remaining avatars in chronological order.<ref name="News18">{{Cite web |date=25 June 2025 |title=Mahavatar Cinematic Universe: 7 Films Announced Based on Lord Vishnu's Avatars |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/mahavatar-cinematic-universe-7-films-announced-based-on-lord-vishnus-avatars-visual-story-3132785/ |website=News18 |access-date=13 August 2025 |archive-date=12 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250812003910/https://www.news18.com/movies/mahavatar-cinematic-universe-7-films-announced-based-on-lord-vishnus-avatars-visual-story-3132785/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="HollywoodReporter">{{Cite web |date=25 June 2025 |title=Mahavatar Cinematic Universe Announced: Hombale Films Reveals 12-Year Animated Slate |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/insight/mahavatar-cinematic-universe-announced-hombale-films-reveals-12-year-animated-slate |website=Hollywood Reporter India |access-date=13 August 2025 |archive-date=12 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250812003923/https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/insight/mahavatar-cinematic-universe-announced-hombale-films-reveals-12-year-animated-slate |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Moneycontrol">{{Cite web |date=July 2025 |title=From Mahavatar to YRF: 5 Thrilling Cinematic Universes Shaping Indian Cinema Today |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/from-mahavatar-to-yrf-5-thrilling-cinematic-universes-shaping-indian-cinema-today-photo-gallery-13213450.html |website=Moneycontrol |access-date=13 August 2025 |archive-date=16 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250816174255/https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/from-mahavatar-to-yrf-5-thrilling-cinematic-universes-shaping-indian-cinema-today-photo-gallery-13213450.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="HTfranchise">{{Cite web |date=25 June 2025 |title=From Narsimha to Kalki: Hombale Films unveils mythological animation franchise with Mahavatar Cinematic Universe |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/from-narsimha-to-kalki-hombale-films-unveils-mythological-animation-franchise-with-mahavatar-cinematic-universe-101750837840982.html |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=13 August 2025 |archive-date=12 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250812003944/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/from-narsimha-to-kalki-hombale-films-unveils-mythological-animation-franchise-with-mahavatar-cinematic-universe-101750837840982.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

As of July 2025, seven films have been announced in the Mahavatar Cinematic Universe. The franchise begins with Narasimha and ends with a two-part finale on Kalki. Each film is based on a different avatar of Vishnu, either individually or thematically.<ref name="NDTV"/><ref name="DeccanHerald"/><ref name="India Today"/><ref name="TheHindu"/> First look of next instalment, ''Mahavatar Parshuram'' was revealed on 19th April 2026, is scheduled to be released in December 2027.<ref>{{Cite news |title= Mahavatar Parshuram first look: Hombale Films unveils second film in Mahavatar Cinematic Universe|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/mahavatar-parshuram-first-look-hombale-films-unveils-second-film-in-mahavatar-cinematic-universe-after-narsimha-101776591053180.html |access-date= 19 April 2026|website= Hindustan Times
|language=en}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Title !! Avatar Focus !! Other Avatar(s) covered !! Director !! Release year !! Notes
|-
| ''Mahavatar Narsimha'' || [[Narasimha]] (4th [[avatar]]) || [[Varaha]] (3rd avatar)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-16 |title=Mahavatar Narsimha trailer unveils multiple avatars of Lord Vishnu, promises mythical spectacle |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/regional-indian-cinema-news/article/hombale-films-mahavatar-narsimha-to-present-multiple-avatars-of-lord-vishnu-23585011 |access-date=2025-08-30 |website=Mid-day |language=en |archive-date=5 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805085951/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/regional-indian-cinema-news/article/hombale-films-mahavatar-narsimha-to-present-multiple-avatars-of-lord-vishnu-23585011 |url-status=live }}</ref>|| Ashwin Kumar || 2025 || First installment
|-
| ''Mahavatar Parshuram'' || [[Parashurama]] (6th avatar) || || Ashwin Kumar|| 2027 ||
|-
| ''Mahavatar Raghunandan'' || [[Rama]] (7th avatar) || || || 2029 || "Raghunandan" is another name of Rama
|-
| ''Mahavatar Dwarkadhish'' || rowspan="2" |[[Krishna]] (8th avatar) || || || 2031 || Focuses on Krishna's later years in Dwarka; "Dwarkadhish" means "ruler of Dwarka"
|-
| ''Mahavatar Gokulananda'' || || || 2033 || Childhood of Krishna in Gokul; "Gokulananda" means "joy of Gokul"
|-
| ''Mahavatar Kalki Part I'' || rowspan="2" |[[Kalki]] (10th avatar) || || || 2035 ||
|-
| ''Mahavatar Kalki Part II'' || || || 2037 ||
|}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie}}
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:2024 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:2024 3D films]]
[[Category:2024 animated films]]
[[Category:2024 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:3D animated films]]
[[Category:AA Films films]]
[[Category:Animated action films]]
[[Category:Indian animated feature films]]
[[Category:Animated films about brothers]]
[[Category:Animated films about demons]]
[[Category:Animated films about elephants]]
[[Category:Animated films about lions]]
[[Category:Animated films about pigs]]
[[Category:Animated films about religion]]
[[Category:Animated films about revenge]]
[[Category:Animated films about talking animals]]
[[Category:Animated films set in heaven]]
[[Category:Animated films set in hell]]
[[Category:Animated films set in India]]
[[Category:Films about deities]]
[[Category:Films about father–son relationships]]
[[Category:Films about fires]]
[[Category:Films about God]]
[[Category:Films about Hinduism]]
[[Category:Films about Prahlada]]
[[Category:Films based on the Bhagavata Purana]]
[[Category:Films set in ancient India]]
[[Category:Geetha Arts films]]
[[Category:Hindu devotional films]]
[[Category:Hindu mythological films]]
[[Category:Hinduism in popular culture]]
[[Category:Indian 3D films]]
[[Category:Indian animated fantasy films]]
[[Category:Indian epic films]]
[[Category:Indian films about revenge]]
[[Category:Narasimha in popular culture]]
[[Category:Religious action films]]
[[Category:Films distributed by AA Films]]

2024 Tamil Nadu train collision

2026-05-05T19:01:32Z

SharePoint Press: added a data.

{{Short description|Railway accident in West Bengal, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox public transit accident
| name = Tamil Nadu train collision
| image =
| caption =
| pushpin_map = India
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Crash location on a map of India
| coordinates = {{coord|13.3629|80.1486}}
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 9
| image_map_caption = Location of collision
| date = {{Start date|2024|10|11|df=y}}
| time = around 20:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| location = Near [[Kavaraipettai railway station]], [[Tiruvallur district]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| location_dir =
| location_city =
| location_dist_km =
| location_dist_mi =
| country = India
| line = [[Gudur–Chennai section]]
| operator = [[Indian Railways]]
| owner = [[Government of India]]
| service =
| type = [[Train collision|Rear-End Collision]], [[derailment]]
| cause = Under investigation maybe sabotage of nuts and bolts removed on 51B points close to loop line

| trains = 2 trains
* A [[freight train|goods train]]
* [[Bagmati Express]] (Train No. 12577) between [[Darbhanga Junction railway station|Darbhanga Jn.]] and [[Mysore Junction railway station|Mysore Jn.]]
| vehicles = [[WAP-7]] locomotive
| deaths =
| passengers =
| crew =
| injuries = 19+
| footnotes =
}}

On 11 October 2024, two [[trains collide]]d near [[Chennai]] in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. [[Bagmati Express]], a passenger train, collided with a stationary [[freight train|goods train]] near [[Kavaraipettai railway station]] in [[Tiruvallur district]]. The accident resulted in the derailment of 13 coaches of the Bagmati Express in which at least 19 people were injured.

== Crash ==
On 11 October 2024, [[Bagmati Express]], (Train No. 12577), a passenger train with [[WAP-7]] was traveling from [[Darbhanga Junction railway station|Darbhanga]] in [[Bihar]] to [[Mysore Junction railway station|Mysore]] in [[Karnataka]]. The train was traveling near [[Kavaraipettai railway station]] on the [[Gudur–Chennai section]] of the [[Howrah-Chennai main line]] in [[Tiruvallur district]], [[Tamil Nadu]] at 20:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]].<ref name="HT">{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/tamil-nadu-train-accident-passenger-describes-complete-chaos-after-massive-train-collision-near-chennai-101728721776912.html|title=Passenger describes 'complete chaos' after massive train collision near Chennai|newspaper=[[The Hindustan Times]]|date=12 October 2024|access-date=14 October 2024}}</ref><ref name="Hindu">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tamil-nadu-train-accident-railways-orders-high-level-inquiry-into-collision-at-kavaraipettai/article68746555.ece|title=Tamil Nadu train accident: Railways orders high-level inquiry into collision at Kavaraipettai; sabotage angle under lens|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=12 October 2024|access-date=14 October 2024}}</ref> The train rammed onto a [[freight train|goods train]], which was stationary on an adjacent loop line. The collision resulted in the derailment of 13 coaches of the Bagmati Express, some of which caught fire.<ref name="IT">{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/chennai-mysore-darbhanga-bagmati-express-collision-accident-tamil-nadu-derailment-fire-2615690-2024-10-12|title=Tamil Nadu train accident: 19 injured, anti-terror agency NIA at spot|work=[[India Today]]|date=12 October 2024|access-date=14 October 2024}}</ref> Two wagons of the goods train were also damaged.<ref name="NIE">{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2024/Oct/12/first-train-passes-through-kavaraipettai-station-as-railway-clears-a-line-after-fridays-derailment|title=First train passes through Kavaraipettai station, as Railway clears a line after Friday's derailment|newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=14 October 2024|access-date=14 October 2024}}</ref> At least 19 people were injured including four people who were seriously injured in the accident.<ref name="NDTV">{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/live-updates-express-and-goods-trains-collide-in-tamil-nadu-passengers-injured-6769225|title=Passenger Train Rams Goods Train In Tamil Nadu|work=[[NDTV]]|date=12 October 2024|access-date=14 October 2024}}</ref>

== Aftermath ==
The injured were treated at the [[Stanley Medical College|Stanley Medical College Hospital]] in Chennai.<ref name="NDTV"/> The [[Indian Railways]] cancelled two trains and diverted multiple trains.<ref name="IT"/> The other passengers in the train were transported to [[Ponneri]] by buses and later to [[Chennai Central]] through [[Electric Multiple Unit]]s of Indian Railways. A special train carried them towards the original destination on 12 October. The tracks were cleared by 14 October and traffic was restored at 9:15 IST.<ref name="NIE"/>

== Causes ==
The train crew indicated that the train switched tracks after automatically after a sudden jolt.<ref name="IT"/> The Indian Railways constituted a high level committee for inquiry into the accident and the [[Government of India]] ordered the [[National Investigation Agency]] to investigate if the accident was caused due to sabotage.<ref name="HT"/><ref name="Hindu"/> The Commissioner of Railway Safety began the investigation on 12 October.<ref name="NDTV"/> The General Manager of [[Southern Railway zone]] said that the train had no scheduled halt in the region and was given green signal to proceed. He also stated that the driver followed the signals and the train should have taken the main line rather than the loop line.<ref name="IT"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tamil-nadu-goods-train-dharbhanga-express-collision-live-updates-october-11-2024/article68744903.ece|title=Tamil Nadu train accident Highlights: Restoration at Kavaraipettai train accident site to be completed by October 13|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=12 October 2024|access-date=14 October 2024}}</ref>

A spokesperson of Southern Railway said that there were no casualties due to the safety features of the [[LHB coaches]] used on the train. These coaches were designed to withstand higher impact and the coupling mechanism prevented coaches from climbing on top of each other on impact. He also said that the locomotive of the passenger train impacted the brake van of the goods train, which absorbed most of the impact.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2024/Oct/12/how-lhb-coaches-features-contributed-to-zero-casualties-in-kavaraipettai-railway-accident|title=How LHB coaches' features contributed to zero casualties in Kavaraipettai railway accident|newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=13 October 2024|access-date=14 October 2024}}</ref>

In July 2025, [[Commission of Railway Safety]] reported that it found 'sabotage' as the cause of derailment. <ref>https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/sabotage-led-to-bagmati-express-train-accident-in-tamil-nadu-finds-crs-probe-101753877283090.html</ref><ref>https://www.deccanherald.com/india/sabotage-led-to-bagmati-express-train-accident-in-tamil-nadu-finds-crs-probe-3656554</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|India|Trains}}
* [[List of rail accidents (2020–present)]]
* [[List of railway accidents and incidents in India]]
* [[2023 Odisha train collision]]
* [[2024 West Bengal train collision]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Railway accidents and incidents in 2024}}
{{Disasters in India in 2024}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tamil Nadu train collision, 2024}}
[[Category:2024 disasters in India]]
[[Category:2020s in Tamil Nadu|Train collision]]
[[Category:October 2024 in India]]
[[Category:Railway accidents in 2024]]
[[Category:Derailments in India]]
[[Category:Railway accidents and incidents in Tamil Nadu|2024]]
[[Category:Train collisions in India]]
[[Category:Tiruvallur district]]

Manasikāra

2026-05-05T08:11:04Z

SharePoint Press: Added Some Stub More To Come

{{Buddhist term
| fontsize=100%
| title=manasikara
| pi= manasikāra
| sa= मनसिकार, manasikāra
| my= မနသိကာရ
| en= attention, mental advertence, 'taking on an object, making something one's rest or issue'
| bo= ཡིད་བྱེད
| bo-Latn=[[Wylie transliteration|Wylie]]: yid byed; [[THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription|THL]]: yi jé
| zh= 作意 (T) / 作意 (S)
| ja = 作意
| ja-Latn = sai
| ko= 작의
| ko-Latn= jakeui
| th= มนสิการ
| th-Latn= manasikan
| vi= tác ý
|id=perhatian, atensi}}{{Cetasika|universal}}
'''Manasikara''' (Sanskrit and Pali, also ''manasikāra''; Tibetan Wylie: ''yid la byed pa'' or ''yid byed'') is a [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] term that is translated as "attention" or "mental advertence". It is defined as the process of the mind fixating upon an object.<ref name=g1>Guenther (1975), Kindle Locations 406-410.</ref><ref name=eric1>Kunsang (2004), p. 23.</ref> ''Manasikara'' is identified within the Buddhist [[Abhidharma]] teachings as follows:
* One of the [[Mental_factors_(Buddhism)#Seven_universal_mental_factors|''seven universal mental factors'']] in the Theravada Abhidharma.
* One of the [[Mental_factors_(Buddhism)#Five_universal_mental_factors|''five universal mental factors'']] in the Mahayana Abhidharma

==Definitions==
===Theravada===
Bhikkhu Bodhi states:{{sfn|Bhikkhu Bodhi|2012|loc=Kindle Locations 2225-2232}}
: The Pali word literally means “making in the mind.” Attention is the mental factor responsible for the mind’s advertence to the object, by virtue of which the object is made present to consciousness. Its characteristic is the conducting (sāraṇa) of the associated mental states towards the object. Its function is to yoke the associated states to the object. It is manifested as confrontation with an object, and its proximate cause is the object. Attention is like the rudder of a ship, which directs it to its destination, or like a charioteer who sends the well-trained horses (i.e. the associated states) towards their destination (the object). Manasikāra should be distinguished from [[vitakka]]: while the former turns its concomitants towards the object, the latter applies them onto the object. Manasikāra is an indispensable cognitive factor present in all states of consciousness; vitakka is a specialized factor which is not indispensable to cognition.

The [[Atthasālinī]] (I, Part IV, Chapter 1, 133) and the [[Visuddhimagga]] (XIV, 152) define manasikāra as follows:

:...It has the characteristic of driving associated states towards the object, the function of joining (yoking) associated states to the object, the manifestation of facing the object. It is included in the saṅkhārakkhandha, and should be regarded as the charioteer of associated states because it regulates the object.<ref>Gorkom (2010), [https://archive.today/20130505135429/http://www.zolag.co.uk/Cetasikas/html_node/Vitality-and-Attention.html Definition of jīvitindriya]</ref>

===Mahayana===
The [[Asanga|Abhidharma-samuccaya]] states:

:What is manasikara? It is a continuity having the function of holding the mind to what has become its reference.<ref name="g1"/>

[[Herbert Guenther]] states:
: It is a cognition that keeps the complex of mind in its specific objective reference.<ref name="g1"/>

The difference between ''[[cetanā]]'' and ''manasikara'' is that ''cetanā'' brings the mind towards the object in a general move, while ''manasikara'' makes the mind fixate upon this particular objective reference.<ref name="g1"/>

==See also==
* [[Mental factors (Buddhism)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{citation|last=Bhikkhu Bodhi|year=2012|title=A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma: The Abhidhammattha Sangaha (Vipassana Meditation and the Buddha's Teachings)|publisher= Independent Publishers Group Kindle Edition}}
* [[Herbert V. Guenther|Guenther, Herbert V.]] & Leslie S. Kawamura (1975), ''Mind in Buddhist Psychology: A Translation of Ye-shes rgyal-mtshan's "The Necklace of Clear Understanding"'' Dharma Publishing. Kindle Edition.
* [[Erik Pema Kunsang|Kunsang, Erik Pema]] (translator) (2004). ''Gateway to Knowledge, Vol. 1''. North Atlantic Books.
* Nina van Gorkom (2010), [https://archive.today/20121205090810/http://www.zolag.co.uk/Cetasikas/ ''Cetasikas''], Zolag

==External links==
* [http://rywiki.tsadra.org/index.php/yid_la_byed_pa Ranjung Yeshe wiki entry for ''yid_la_byed_pa'']
* [http://www.berzinarchives.com/web/en/about/glossary/glossary_tibetan.html#xyid_20la_20byed_20pa Berzin Archives glossary entry for "yid-la byed-pa"]
* [https://archive.today/20130505135429/http://www.zolag.co.uk/Cetasikas/html_node/Vitality-and-Attention.html Definitions of vitality (jīvitindriya) and attention (manasikara), Nina van Gorkom]

[[Category:Mental factors in Buddhism]]

Muzaffarpur East subdivision

2026-05-04T07:30:10Z

SharePoint Press: Added Initial Info W/ Sources.

{{Short description|Administrative subdivision in Muzaffarpur district, Bihar, India}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Muzaffarpur East
| native_name = मुजफ्फरपुर पूर्वी
| settlement_type = Subdivision
| coordinates = {{Coord|26.1249601|85.3806329|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map = India Bihar#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bihar, India
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flagicon|India}} [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[Muzaffarpur district]]
| parts_type = Community development blocks
| parts = Aurai, Bandra, Bochahan, Gaighat, Katra, Mushahari
| unit_pref = Metric
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
}}

'''Muzaffarpur East''' (Hindi: '''मुजफ्फरपुर पूर्वी''') is an administrative subdivision (''anumandal'') of [[Muzaffarpur district]] in the Indian state of [[Bihar]]. The subdivision comprises six community development blocks and is administered by a Sub-Divisional Officer (SDO) under the district administration.<ref name="muzaffarpur-subdiv">{{cite web |title=Subdivision & Block |url=https://muzaffarpur.nic.in/about-district/administrative-setup/subdivision-blocks/ |publisher=District Administration, Muzaffarpur |access-date=24 August 2025}}</ref>

==Administration==
The subdivision is headed by the Sub-Divisional Officer (SDO) for Muzaffarpur East. It comprises the following six community development blocks: Aurai; Bandra; Bochahan; Gaighat; Katra; and Mushahari.<ref name="muzaffarpur-subdiv" />

Official contact details for the SDO and the Block Development Officers are published on the district website.<ref name="muzaffarpur-tel">{{cite web |title=Telephone Directory |url=https://muzaffarpur.nic.in/telephone-directory/ |publisher=District Administration, Muzaffarpur |access-date=24 August 2025}}</ref>

==Geography==
The subdivision lies in the eastern part of Muzaffarpur district in north Bihar. Its central coordinates are {{Coord|26.1249601|85.3806329|display=inline}}. The area forms part of the Gangetic plains.

==Demographics==
Block-wise population figures from the 2011 Census of India are available in the District Census Handbook (Muzaffarpur). For official population data of Aurai, Bandra, Bochaha, Gaighat, Katra and Musahari, consult the District Census Handbook: Muzaffarpur (Part A and Part B, Census of India 2011).<ref name="dchbA">{{cite web |title=District Census Handbook: Muzaffarpur (Part A) — Village and Town Directory |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/290/download/810/DH_2011_1014_PART_A_DCHB_MUZAFFARPUR.pdf |publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India |format=PDF |access-date=24 August 2025}}</ref><ref name="dchbB">{{cite web |title=District Census Handbook: Muzaffarpur (Part B) — Primary Census Abstract |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/291/download/814/DH_2011_1014_PART_B_DCHB_MUZAFFARPUR.pdf |publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India |format=PDF |access-date=24 August 2025}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://muzaffarpur.nic.in/about-district/administrative-setup/subdivision-blocks/ Subdivision & Block — District Administration, Muzaffarpur]
* [https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/290/download/810/DH_2011_1014_PART_A_DCHB_MUZAFFARPUR.pdf District Census Handbook: Muzaffarpur (Part A) — Village and Town Directory (Census of India 2011)]
* [https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/291/download/814/DH_2011_1014_PART_B_DCHB_MUZAFFARPUR.pdf District Census Handbook: Muzaffarpur (Part B) — Primary Census Abstract (Census of India 2011)]

[[Category:Subdivisions of Muzaffarpur district]]

Beleghata Assembly constituency

2026-05-03T04:57:24Z

SharePoint Press: added post

{{Short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in West Bengal, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Beleghata
| type= SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Beleghata.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Beleghata Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| mla = [[Paresh Paul]]
| party = [[All India Trinamool Congress]]
| alliance =
| latest_election_year = [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Kolkata district|Kolkata]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Kolkata Uttar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kolkata Uttar]]
| constituency_no = 164
| established = 1977
| electors = 250,880
| reservation = None
| abolished =
}}

'''Beleghata Assembly constituency''' is a [[Vidhan Sabha|Legislative Assembly]] constituency of [[Kolkata district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Overview==
As per order of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]] in respect of the [[Delimitation of constituencies]] in [[West Bengal]], Beleghata Assembly constituency is composed of the following:
* Ward Nos. [[Ward No. 28, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|28]], [[Ward No. 29, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|29]], [[Ward No. 30, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|30]], [[Ward No. 33, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|33]], [[Ward No. 34, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|34]], [[Ward No. 35, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|35]], [[Ward No. 36, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|36]] and [[Ward No. 57, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|57]] of [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation]].<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf| title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006 | access-date=22 February 2015|work = West Bengal| publisher=Election Commission}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! Borough
! Ward No.
! [[2021 Kolkata Municipal Corporation election|Councillor]]
! colspan="2" |2021 Winner
|-
|IV
|[[Ward No. 28, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|28]]
|Ayan Chakraborty
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=8}}
|-
|rowspan=5|III
|[[Ward No. 29, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|29]]
|Iqbal Ahmed
|-
|[[Ward No. 30, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|30]]
|Papiya Ghosh
|-
|[[Ward No. 33, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|33]]
|Chinu Biswas
|-
|[[Ward No. 34, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|34]]
|Alokananda Das
|-
|[[Ward No. 35, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|35]]
|Ashutosh Das
|-
|V
|[[Ward No. 36, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|36]]
|Sachin Kumar Singh
|-
|VII
|[[Ward No. 57, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|57]]
|Jiban Saha
|}

Beleghata Assembly constituency is part of No. 24 [[Kolkata Uttar Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name=delimitation/><ref>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/LS_2004/Vol_III_LS_2004.pdf | title = Statistical Report on General Elections, 2004 to the 14th Lok Sabha | access-date = 2010-11-01 | work = Volume III Details For Assembly Segments Of Parliamentary Constituencies | publisher = Election Commission of India | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101006140327/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_III_LS_2004.pdf| archive-date= 6 October 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Election!!Member!!Party affiliation
|-
|rowspan="7"style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|
|[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Krishnapada Ghosh]]
|rowspan="7"|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]<ref name=vidhansabha1977>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1977, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 6 February 2015}}</ref><ref name=vidhansabha1982>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1982/StatisticalReportWestBengal82.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1982, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 6 February 2015}}</ref><ref name=vidhansabha1987>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReportWestBengal87.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1987, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 6 February 2015}}</ref><ref name=vidhansabha1991>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No | publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 6 February 2015}}</ref><ref name=vidhansabha1996>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 6 February 2015}}</ref><ref name=vidhansabha2001>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/StatRept_WB_2001.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2001, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 6 February 2015}}</ref><ref name=vidhansabha2006>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 6 February 2015}}</ref><ref name=vidhansabha2011>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2011/stat_WB_May2011.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 2011, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 6 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
|[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|-
|[[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|rowspan="5"|Manabendra Mukherjee
|-
|[[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|-
|[[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|-
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|-
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|-
|rowspan="3"style="background-color: {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Paresh Paul]]
|rowspan="3"|[[All India Trinamool Congress]]
|-
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|-
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|}

==Election results==

===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Beleghata}}[[Kunal Ghosh]] arrested on November 23, 2013, by Bidhannagar Police, later taken into custody by the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) for his role as CEO of Saradha Media.

Former MLA [[Paresh Paul]] has been named by the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) in a supplementary chargesheet related to the 2021 post-poll murder of BJP worker Abhijit Sarkar.{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Kunal Ghosh ]]|party=Trinamool Congress|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Partha Chaudhury|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[ Paramita Roy]]|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Shahina Javed|party=Indian National Congress|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]|party=None of the above (India)|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===

{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Beleghata]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Paresh Paul]]
|votes = 1,03,182
|percentage = 65.10
|change = +12.28
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Kashinath Biswas
|votes = 36,042
|percentage = 22.74
|change = +15.57
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Rajib Biswas
|votes = 14,045
|percentage = 8.86
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above (India)
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes = 1,564
|percentage = 0.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate |
|party = [[Independent politician|IND]]
|candidate = Surendar Tewari
|votes = 1,168
|percentage = 0.74
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 67,140
|percentage = 42.78
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,58,506
|percentage = 63.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===

{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Beleghata]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Paresh Paul]]
|votes = 84,843
|percentage = 52.82
|change = -4.63
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Rajib Biswas
|votes = 58,664
|percentage = 36.53
|change = -1.39
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Partha Chaudhury
|votes = 11,516
|percentage = 7.17
|change = +5.51
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the Above
|candidate = None of the Above
|votes = 3,153
|percentage = 1.96
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate |
|party = [[Independent politician|IND]]
|candidate = Arun Kumar Das
|votes = 990
|percentage = 0.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 26,179
|percentage = 16.29
|change = -3.24
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,60,613
|percentage = 66.38
|change = -4.16
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing = -4.63
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===

{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Beleghata]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Paresh Paul]]
|votes = 93,185
|percentage = 57.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Anadi Kumar Sahu
|votes = 61,497
|percentage = 37.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Arun Shaw
|votes = 2,690
|percentage = 1.66
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate |
|party = [[Independent politician|IND]]
|candidate = Surendar Tewari
|votes = 1,727
|percentage = 1.06
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 31,688
|percentage = 19.53
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,62,195
|percentage = 70.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box win|
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Kolkata constituencies}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Kolkata district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1977]]
[[Category:1977 establishments in West Bengal]]

Biloli Assembly constituency

2026-04-28T23:21:12Z

SharePoint Press: Adding First Article More To Come

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Biloli
| type= SLA
| state = Maharashtra
| established = 1962
| abolished = 2008<ref>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>
| electors = 2,40,214
| mla = Abhiyanta Bhaskarrao Patil Khatgaonkar
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}

The '''Biloli Assembly constituency''' in Nanded district is a bit of a historical "phantom" constituency because it technically no longer exists in the way it used to.

Here is the breakdown of what happened to it and who is in charge now:

== 1. The 2008 Merge ==
Following the '''Delimitation of 2008''', the Biloli constituency was abolished. It was largely merged with parts of the surrounding area to create the '''Deglur Assembly constituency''' (Constituency No. 90). Because of this, when people look for the "MLA of Biloli" today, they are actually looking for the '''MLA of Deglur'''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes AC: Biloli 1990 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha-details/1990/maharashtra/biloli/30/14263/www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha-details/1990/maharashtra/biloli/30/14263/93 |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref>

== 2. Current Representative (2024–Present) ==
As of the most recent elections in late 2024, the sitting MLA for the area (Deglur-Biloli) is:

* '''Member:''' Jitesh Antapurkar
* '''Party:''' Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)
* '''Note:''' He won the seat in 2024, having previously held it as a member of the Congress (INC) following a 2021 by-election.

----

== 3. Historical Context ==
Before the 2008 reorganization, Biloli was a stronghold for various leaders. Notably, '''Bhaskarrao Bapurao Patil Khatgaonkar''' (a major political figure in Nanded) represented Biloli multiple times in the 90s and 2000s. You might also see the name '''Gahininath Banda Maharaj Degloorkar''' in older records, as he contested from here for the Shiv Sena in the 90s.

== Quick Stats for the Region (2026 Status) ==

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#BB8ED0" | [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || Narayanrao Narsing Rao || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=6}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFB2B2" rowspan="2" | [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || More Jaiwantrao
|-
| Laxmanrao
|-
| [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Venkat Rao Baba Rao
|-
| [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || J. G. Ambekar
|-
| [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Ambekar Jairam Gangaram
|-
| [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || Patne Gangadhar Mahalappa || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]] || Chavan Balwantrao Amrutrao || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (U)}}
|-
| [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || Kuntoorkar Gangadhar Rao Mohanrao || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]] || rowspan="2" | Bhaskerrao Bapurao Patil
|-
| [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|-
| [[1998 elections in India#Maharashtra|1998 By-election]] || Chavan Balwantrao Amrutrao
|-
| [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || Thakkarwad Gangaram Poshetti || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|-
| [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || Abhiyanta Bhaskarrao Patil Khatgaonkar || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Biloli }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Abhiyanta Bhaskarrao Patil Khatgaonkar |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 59,639 |percentage = 36.67% |change = {{increase}}6.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kasralikar Thakkarwad Gangaram Poshetty |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 51,421 |percentage = 31.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Madhavrao Patil Shelgaonker |party = Independent politician |votes = 10,201 |percentage = 6.27% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chandrashekhar Patil Rajurkar |party = Independent politician |votes = 7,910 |percentage = 4.86% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shinde Balaji Vishvanathrao |party = Samajwadi Party |votes = 7,216 |percentage = 4.44% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Narod Bhumanna Piraji |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 4,934 |percentage = 3.03% |change = {{increase}}2.05 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Haygale Sangram Vithalrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,043 |percentage = 1.87% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Barande Ramchandra Gangaram |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,994 |percentage = 1.84% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,218 |percentage = 5.05% |change = {{increase}}3.76 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 162,647 |percentage = 67.71% |change = {{increase}}4.63 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 162,647}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 240,214 |ref = |change = {{increase}}18.74 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Dal (Secular) |swing = {{increase}}5.13 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Biloli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Thakkarwad Gangaram Poshetti |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 36,443 |percentage = 31.54% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kunturkar Gangadharrao Mohanrao Deshmukh |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 34,956 |percentage = 30.25% |change = {{decrease}}14.10 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rajurkar Udaykumar Vithalrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 22,498 |percentage = 19.47% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gahininath Banda Maharaj Degloorkar |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 12,436 |percentage = 10.76% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Reddy Harishchandra Laxmanrao Takalikar |party = Independent politician |votes = 6,972 |percentage = 6.03% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rajure Piraji Chandoba |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,128 |percentage = 0.98% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,487 |percentage = 1.29% |change = {{decrease}}14.85 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 127,605 |percentage = 63.08% |change = {{increase}}6.61 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 115,551}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 202,302 |ref = |change = {{increase}}1.06 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Dal (Secular) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}12.81 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly By-election 1998 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1998 elections in India#Maharashtra|1998 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Biloli <ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/ByeElection/ByeFeb1998/Bye-June1998.htm |title=Bye-Election Results - Election Commission of India |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Chavan Balwantrao Amrutrao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 49,402 |percentage = 44.35% |change = {{increase}}3.16 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Thakkarwad Gangaram Poshatti |party = Janata Dal |votes = 31,423 |percentage = 28.21% |change = {{increase}}15.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Madhavrao Ramchandra |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 30,576 |percentage = 27.45% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 17,979 |percentage = 16.14% |change = {{increase}}10.54 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 113,043 |percentage = 56.47% |change = {{decrease}}21.67 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 111,401}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 200,171 |ref = |change = {{increase}}2.40 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}3.16 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1995 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Biloli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Bhaskerrao Bapurao Patil |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 61,412 |percentage = 41.19% |change = {{decrease}}18.89 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sharad Joshi |party = Independent politician |votes = 53,066 |percentage = 35.59% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kakde Venkatesh Rukmaji |party = Janata Dal |votes = 19,260 |percentage = 12.92% |change = {{decrease}}15.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Wanole Atmaram Laxmanrao |party = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 6,203 |percentage = 4.16% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jadhav Bhagwat Ganpati |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 3,286 |percentage = 2.20% |change = {{decrease}}4.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Aielwar Devrao Vithal |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,124 |percentage = 0.75% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Karlekar Shesherao Manikrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,097 |percentage = 0.74% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,346 |percentage = 5.60% |change = {{decrease}}26.15 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 152,755 |percentage = 78.14% |change = {{increase}}12.07 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 149,083}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 195,477 |ref = |change = {{increase}}0.65 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}18.89 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1990 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Biloli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Bhaskerrao Bapurao Patil |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 75,512 |percentage = 60.08% |change = {{increase}}7.72 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patne Gangadhar Mahalappa |party = Janata Dal |votes = 35,612 |percentage = 28.34% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gahininath Banda Maharaj Degloorkar |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 8,127 |percentage = 6.47% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Belge Trimbak Gangaram |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,975 |percentage = 1.57% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Aliwar Deorao Vithal |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,407 |percentage = 1.12% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 39,900 |percentage = 31.75% |change = {{increase}}20.74 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 128,323 |percentage = 66.07% |change = {{increase}}5.55 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 125,681}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 194,216 |ref = |change = {{increase}}30.27 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}7.72 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Biloli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Kuntoorkar Gangadhar Rao Mohanrao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 46,360 |percentage = 52.36% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chavan Balwantrao Amrutrao |party = Indian Congress (Socialist) |votes = 36,613 |percentage = 41.35% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Syed Baleeghuddin Saquib S. Fasihuddin |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,853 |percentage = 2.09% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = D. Belge Trimbakrao Gangaram |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,052 |percentage = 1.19% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Arun Krishnaji |party = Independent politician |votes = 863 |percentage = 0.97% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dange Laxuman Rao Jakoji |party = Independent politician |votes = 752 |percentage = 0.85% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,747 |percentage = 11.01% |change = {{increase}}10.44 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 90,232 |percentage = 60.52% |change = {{decrease}}3.23 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 88,546}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 149,085 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.50 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress (U) |swing = {{increase}}10.23 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1980 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Biloli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Chavan Balwantrao Amrutrao |party = Indian National Congress (U) |votes = 35,693 |percentage = 42.13% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Bhaskarrao Bapurao Khatgaonkar |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 35,212 |percentage = 41.56% |change = {{increase}}38.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patne Gangadhar Mahalappa |party = Janata Party |votes = 12,432 |percentage = 14.67% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Paldewar Gangadhar Vyankataraman |party = Independent politician |votes = 624 |percentage = 0.74% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 481 |percentage = 0.57% |change = {{decrease}}10.22 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 86,797 |percentage = 63.75% |change = {{decrease}}3.13 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 84,727}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 136,155 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.82 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (U) |loser = Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}9.40 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Biloli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Patne Gangadhar Mahalappa |party = Janata Party |votes = 41,887 |percentage = 51.53% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chavan Balwantrao Amrutrao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 33,116 |percentage = 40.74% |change = {{decrease}}5.46 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bijurkar Hanumant Tukaram |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 3,557 |percentage = 4.38% |change = {{increase}}2.26 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Belge Trimbak Gangaram |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 2,475 |percentage = 3.04% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,771 |percentage = 10.79% |change = {{increase}}0.45 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 84,459 |percentage = 66.88% |change = {{increase}}13.23 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 81,290}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 126,279 |ref = |change = {{increase}}15.49 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}5.33 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Biloli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Ambekar Jairam Gangaram |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 26,080 |percentage = 46.20% |change = {{decrease}}6.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = P. Gangadharrao Mahalappa |party = Samyukta Socialist Party |votes = 20,245 |percentage = 35.86% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jadhav Nagorad Madhavrao |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 5,362 |percentage = 9.50% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kamble Laxmanrao Mariba |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 2,370 |percentage = 4.20% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. K. Dhondiba |party = Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |votes = 1,199 |percentage = 2.12% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hanmantrao Tukaram |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 1,197 |percentage = 2.12% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,835 |percentage = 10.34% |change = {{decrease}}4.26 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 58,658 |percentage = 53.65% |change = {{increase}}6.39 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 56,453}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 109,342 |ref = |change = {{increase}}16.35 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}6.45 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Biloli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = J. G. Ambekar |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 21,322 |percentage = 52.65% |change = {{decrease}}3.78 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = V. M. Patne |party = Sanghata Socialist Party |votes = 15,411 |percentage = 38.05% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. M. Paware |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,106 |percentage = 5.20% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = V. S. Gadre |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 1,658 |percentage = 4.09% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,911 |percentage = 14.60% |change = {{decrease}}15.41 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 44,412 |percentage = 47.26% |change = {{decrease}}0.87 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 40,497}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 93,976 |ref = |change = {{increase}}12.74 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}3.78 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Biloli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Venkat Rao Baba Rao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 21,077 |percentage = 56.43% |change = {{increase}}11.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivraya Bhim Rao |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 9,867 |percentage = 26.41% |change = {{increase}}15.13 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jairam Ramji |party = Independent politician |votes = 6,410 |percentage = 17.16% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 11,210 |percentage = 30.01% |change = {{increase}}20.88 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 40,115 |percentage = 48.13% |change = {{decrease}}5.82 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 37,354}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 83,354 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}41.50 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}33.14 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1957 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Biloli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = More Jaiwantrao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 17,906 |percentage = 23.29% |change = {{decrease}}33.95 }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Laxmanrao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 16,851 |percentage = 21.92% |change = {{decrease}}35.32 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mansingh |party = Independent politician |votes = 10,889 |percentage = 14.17% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hammanthrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 10,051 |percentage = 13.08% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kadaknath |party = Scheduled Castes Federation |votes = 9,059 |percentage = 11.78% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Deshpande Krishnarao |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 8,673 |percentage = 11.28% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Narayan Rao |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,441 |percentage = 4.48% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,017 |percentage = 9.13% |change = {{decrease}}32.67 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 76,870 |percentage = 53.95% |change = {{increase}}23.10 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 76,870}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 142,490 |ref = |change = {{increase}}148.11 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}33.95 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election]] : Biloli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Hyderabad |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606161433/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf|archive-date=6 June 2016|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Narayanrao Narsing Rao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 10,142 |percentage = 57.24% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Anant Kashinath Bhale Rao |party = People's Democratic Front (Hyderabad) |votes = 2,735 |percentage = 15.44% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Govindrao Narayan Rao Bhosikar |party = Socialist Party (India, 1948) |votes = 2,592 |percentage = 14.63% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bapurao Bhagwant Rao |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,250 |percentage = 12.70% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,407 |percentage = 41.80% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 17,719 |percentage = 30.85% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 17,719}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 57,430 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}

{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]
{{Maharashtra-geo-stub}}

Pushpdan Gadhavi

2026-04-20T08:50:21Z

SharePoint Press: adding data

{{Short description|Indian politician (b. 1940)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image =
| name = Pushpdan Gadhavi
| caption =
| birth_name = Pushpdan Shambhudan Gadhavi
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1940|12|13}}
| birth_place = [[Bhuj]], [[Gujarat]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| constituency = [[Kachchh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kachchh]]
| office = [[Member of Parliament]]
| term = 1996 – 2009 (4 terms)
| predecessor = [[Harilal Nanji Patel]]
| successor = [[Poonamben Veljibhai Jat]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| parents = Shambhudan Gadhavi
| spouse = Savitri Pushpdan Gadhavi
| children = 3 sons and 1 daughter
| website =
| footnotes =
| date = 25 February
| year = 2006
| source = http://164.100.24.208/ls/lsmember/biodata.asp?mpsno=124
}}

'''Pushpdan Shambhudan Gadhavi''' (born 13 December 1940) is an Indian [[politician]], [[advocate]], and [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] leader from Gujarat. He was a member of the 11th, 12th, 13th & 14th [[Lok Sabha]] of [[India]] representing the [[Kachchh (Lok Sabha constituency)]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2004-09-02 |title=Current Lok Sabha Members Biographical Sketch |url=http://164.100.24.208/ls/lsmember/biodata.asp?mpsno=124 |access-date=2023-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040902104825/http://164.100.24.208/ls/lsmember/biodata.asp?mpsno=124 |archive-date=2 September 2004 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Thukral |first=Dr R. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=87QpDwAAQBAJ |title=GUJARAT DISTRICT FACTBOOK : KACHCHH DISTRICT: Key Socio Economic Data of Kachchh District |date=2017-01-02 |publisher=Datanet India Pvt. Ltd. |isbn=978-93-80590-41-7 |language=en}}</ref>

== Biography ==
Pushpdan was born on 13 December 1940 in Raydhanpar village to father Kaviraja Shambhudan Ishwerdan Gadhavi and mother Parvatiben Gadhavi. His father was the [[Kaviraj]]a of [[Cutch State]] and the last [[Acharya]] of the ''Vrajbhasha Pathshala'' at [[Bhuj]], a 3 centuries old institution of learning .<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=AsanjoKutch.com – Kutchhi News |url=http://www.asanjokutch.com/news/news-details.asp?news_id=205 |access-date=2023-04-30 |website=asanjokutch.com}}</ref>

Gadhavi completed his primary, secondary and college education in Bhuj. After obtaining his [[law degree]] in [[Ahmedabad]], he became active in [[politics]] along with business.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2015 |title=હસતા-હસતા જિંદગીના પોણોસો વર્ષ પૂર્ણ કરવાં કઠીન છે |work=[[Divya Bhaskar]] |url=https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/news/KUT-BUJ-pushpdan-gadhvi-birth-day-celebrated-and-honored-4838849-PHO.html}}</ref> Pushpdan obtained Kovid (Hindi) and B Certificate in [[National Cadet Corps (India)|National Cadet Corps]] (N.C.C.). He started as Staff Officer at the Legal Wing in Home Guards (Gujarat) during the period 1967–89.<ref name=":0" />

Gadhavi is also notable being the only politician who won four consecutive terms as the Kutch MP from 1996 to 2009. Due to [[Kachchh Lok Sabha constituency|Kutch constituency]] being declared as a [[Reserved political positions|reserved seat]] in the new [[Electoral boundary delimitation|delimitation]], Gadhavi could no longer contest from Kutch.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015 |title=રાજકારણના અજાતશત્રુ પુષ્પદાન ગઢવીની 75મી વર્ષગાંઠ ઉજવાશે |work=[[Divya Bhaskar]] |url=https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/news/KUT-BUJ-pushpdan-gadhvi-birth-day-will-be-celebrat-4836788-NOR.html}}</ref>

Gadhavi is known for many [[infrastructure]] developments including the conversion of the Bhuj-[[Gandhidham]] [[Rail transport|railway]] broad gauge in Kutch, the [[Krantiguru Shyamji Krishna Verma Kachchh University|Kutch University]], or the construction of the [[Bhuj Airport]]. He presented many such project ideas to the central government and got it completed.<ref name=":1" />

Gadhavi has been deeply engaged in a range of social and cultural activities, particularly within the [[Kutch district]]. He has actively participated in [[education]]al initiatives and have been a trustee of the Shiv Shakti Study Circle in Kutch since 1971. In addition to his social and educational initiatives, he has taken a keen interest in the development of [[List of rural sports and games|rural sports]] and [[infrastructure]]. Furthermore, Gadhavi worked to implement water recharging activities in [[drought]]-prone areas of the Kutch district, demonstrating a strong commitment to [[Sustainability|environmental sustainability]] and community welfare.<ref name=":0" />

=== Positions held ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Position
!Organization
!Term
|-
|Municipal Councillor
|Bhuj Municipality
| rowspan="2" |1977—1982
|-
|Chairman
|Public Works Committee, Municipality, Bhuj
|-
|[[Bhuj Assembly constituency|Member of Legislative Assembly]]
|[[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
| rowspan="2" |1990—1995
|-
|Member
|Public Accounts Committee and Estimates Committee
|-
|Member
|Executive Committee, [[Bharatiya Janata Party, Gujarat|Bharatiya Janata Party (B.J.P.), Gujarat]]
|1990—1996
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Kachchh Lok Sabha constituency]]
|1996—1998
|-
|1998—1999
|-
|1999—2004
|-
|2004—2009
|-
|Member
|Committee on Transport and Tourism
|1996—1997
|-
|Member
|Committee on Home Affairs and its Sub-Committee on Swatantrata Sainik Samman Pension Scheme
| rowspan="2" |1998—1999
|-
|Member
|Consultative Committee, [[Ministry of Surface Transport]]
|-
|Member
|Committee on Absence of Members from the sittings of the House
|1999—2000
|-
|Member
|[[National Shipping Board]]
|
|}

==See also==
*[[Gadhavi (title)]]

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040902104825/http://164.100.24.208/ls/lsmember/biodata.asp?mpsno=124 Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website]

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gadhavi, Pushpdan}}
[[Category:Gujarati people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:India MPs 2004–2009]]
[[Category:1940 births]]
[[Category:India MPs 1996–1997]]
[[Category:India MPs 1998–1999]]
[[Category:India MPs 1999–2004]]
[[Category:People from Bhuj]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Politicians from Kutch district]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Gadhavi (surname)]]

Malkit Singh Keetu

2026-04-20T01:50:34Z

SharePoint Press: Added Basic Bio From Scratch.

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Malkit Singh Keetu
| nickname = Pardhan Ji
| constituency = [[Barnala Assembly Constituency|Barnala]]
| children = Kulwant Singh Keetu
| spouse =
| party = [[Shiromani Akali Dal]]
| successor = [[Kewal Singh Dhillon]]
| predecessor = Som Dutt
| term = 1997-2007
| office = [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]], [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]]
| image =
| death_place = Bilaspur, [[Moga district]]
| death_date = 29 October 2012
| birth_place =
| birth_date =
| caption =
| website =
}}

'''Malkit Singh Keetu''' was an Indian politician, and a member of [[Shiromani Akali Dal]]. He served as [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|member of legislative assembly]] from [[Barnala Assembly Constituency|Barnala]] twice (1997, 2002). On 29 October 2012, Keetu was murdered at age of 65 in a family feud.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-05-18 |title=Punjab: Six sentenced for life in SAD MLA Malkit Singh Keetu murder case |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/punjab-six-sentenced-for-life-in-sad-mla-malkit-singh-keetu-murder-case-4662227/ |access-date=2022-03-15 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |agency=PTI|date=Oct 29, 2012 |title=Former Punjab MLA Malkit Singh Keetu shot at, dies on way to hospital {{!}} India News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/former-punjab-mla-malkit-singh-keetu-shot-at-dies-on-way-to-hospital/articleshow/17004200.cms |access-date=2022-03-15 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Keetu, Malkit Singh}}
[[Category:2012 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Shiromani Akali Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 1997–2002]]
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 2002–2007]]
[[Category:Politicians from Barnala district]]

{{PunjabIN-SAD-politician-stub}}

Indian Federation of App-based Transport Workers

2026-04-19T18:43:31Z

SharePoint Press: New Stub!

{{short description|Trade union federation of app-based transport workers in India}}
{{use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Indian Federation Of App-Based Transport Workers
| location = [[India]]
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = hi
| image = Indian_Federation_of_App_based_Transport_Workers_logo.png
| founded = 19 December 2019
| num_members = 1.56 lacs above (claimed)<ref name="clb">{{cite report|url=https://clb.org.hk/content/indian-federation-app-based-transport-workers-case-study|title=The Indian Federation of App-based Transport Workers: A case study|website=[[China Labour Bulletin]]|date=2020-11-20}}</ref>
| leader_title = President
| leader_name = Prashant Bhagesh Sawardekar
| leader_title2 = Secretary
| leader_name2 = Udaykumar Ambonkar
| predecessor =
| dissolved =
| merged_into =
| headquarters = Mumbai
| website = {{URL|http://www.ifat.org.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}

The '''Indian Federation of App-based Transport Workers''' ('''IFAT''') ({{langx|hi|इंडियन फेडरेशन ऑफ ऐप-आधारित ट्रांसपोर्ट वर्कर्स}}, {{Transliteration|hi|Indiyan phedareshan oph aip-aadhaarit traansaport varkars}}) is a [[trade union]] federation of [[Ridesharing company|ride-sharing]] transport workers founded in December 2019. In India, this includes the workers on [[Platform economy|platforms]] such as [[Ola Cabs|Ola]] and [[Uber]].

Prashant Bhagesh Sawardekar is the founder of IFAT{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}} and {{asof|lc=yes|2025}} serves as its national president.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhirani |first=Garvit |date=2025-07-19 |title=Mumbai: Ola, Uber cab drivers suspend ongoing strike; warn of resuming protests ‘if the govt fails to…’ |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/mumbai-ola-uber-rapido-cab-drivers-suspend-ongoing-strike-warn-of-resuming-protests-if-the-govt-fails-to-11752906166729.html |access-date=2025-08-07 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>

Udaykumar Ambonkar holds the position of National General Secretary of IFAT Founder and secretary of Maharashtra App-Based Transport Workers Union, since 2023. Ambonkar has a background in organising Gig and Platform Workers, and has negotiated wage settlements and represented workers in various legal forums national and international.

==History==
IFAT was founded on 19 December 2019 at a conference in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.itfglobal.org/en/news/indian-federation-app-based-transport-workers-launched-in-mumbai|title=Indian Federation of App-based Transport Workers launched in Mumbai|publisher=[[International Transport Workers' Federation]]|date=2019-12-23}}</ref> Demands at its founding conference included a minimum price per kilometer, a welfare board for drivers and government insurance.<ref name="clb"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/cab-aggregator-unions-form-national-federation/article30369959.ece|title=Cab aggregator unions form national federation|website=[[The Hindu]]|author=Ajeet Mahale|date=2019-12-22}}</ref>

During the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], IFAT demanded that companies should provide their workers with [[personal protective equipment]] and called on the government to provide insurance to gig transport workers. According to the union, over 38,000 workers took part in nationwide protests for these demands in June 2020.<ref>{{cite news |author=Abhinav Narayan Jha |date=2020-06-12 |title=Ola, Uber, Swiggy, Zomato आदि के ड्राइवर पार्टनर्स ने PPE किट और हाइजीन सपोर्ट की कमी पर जताया विरोध |website=Tech Samvad |url=https://techsamvad.com/ola-uber-drivers-protest-over-lack-of-ppe-kits-and-hygiene-support-from-cab-aggregators/ |access-date=7 March 2021 |archive-date=7 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707092037/https://techsamvad.com/ola-uber-drivers-protest-over-lack-of-ppe-kits-and-hygiene-support-from-cab-aggregators/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The union also criticized the decision by companies to make downloading the [[Aarogya Setu]] contact tracing app mandatory for drivers, saying that it would allow the companies to track their workers.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/telangana/2020/jun/04/app-based-workers-worry-over-misuse-of-aarogya-setu-by-employers-2152009.html|title=App-based workers worry over misuse of Aarogya Setu by employers|newspaper=[[New Indian Express]]|date=2020-06-04}}</ref> In September of that year, IFAT workers with [[Swiggy]] went on strike to demand the restoration of an old payment structure in which they received more money for deliveries between three and six kilometers.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/food-delivery-executives-continue-agitation/article32672285.ece|title=Food delivery executives continue agitation|newspaper=The Hindu|last=Nanisetti|first=Serish|date=2020-09-22}}</ref>

In February 2021, IFAT workers went on strike in Telangana Hyderabad, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Rajasthan, Delhi, Hydrabad, Assam, Kochi, Kolkata, Lucknow, Gujrat, Chennai, and Odisha, demanding an increase in fares to compensate for rising fuel prices.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sawardekar |first=Prashant Bhagesh |date=2021-02-18 |title=Supreme court: Indian Federation Of App Based Transport Workers (IFAT) |url=https://www.scobserver.in/cases/gig-workers-access-to-social-security-the-indian-federation-of-app-based-transport-workers-ifat-v-union-of-india/}}</ref>

In September 2021, IFAT filed a [[Public interest litigation in India|public interest litigation]] in the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]], with regards to the employee classification, specifically inclusion in the [[Unorganised Workers' Social Security Act 2008]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Naraharisetty |first=Rohitha |date=2021-09-22 |title=Gig and Delivery Workers Approach Supreme Court Seeking Social Security |url=https://theswaddle.com/gig-and-delivery-workers-approach-supreme-court-seeking-social-security/ |access-date=2022-06-05 |website=[[The Swaddle]] |language=}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}10. Varsha Bansal (14 November 2022). [https://pulitzercenter.org/stories/gig-workers-india-are-uniting-take-back-control-algorithms Gig Workers in India Are Uniting To Take Back Control From Algorithms]

11. Prashant Bhagesh Sawardekar [https://ifat.org.in/about-us/ Founder President of Indian Federation Of App -Based Transport Workers] {{Platform economy}}
{{Trade unions in India navbox}}

[[Category:National federations of trade unions]]
[[Category:2019 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Trade unions established in 2019]]
[[Category:Transport trade unions in India]]
[[Category:Tech sector trade unions]]

Craspedocephalus strigatus

2026-04-19T10:32:29Z

SharePoint Press: Adding Basic Details W/ Refs

{{Short description|Species of reptile}}
{{Speciesbox
| image =Horse-shoe_pitviper_Trimeresurus_strigatus.jpg
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Srinivasulu, C. |author-link=species:Chelmala Srinivasulu |author2=Srinivasulu, B. |author2-link=species:Bhargavi Srinivasulu |author3=Vijayakumar, S.P. |author3-link=species:Seenapuram Palaniswamy Vijayakumar |author4=Deepak, V. |author4-link=species:Veerappan Deepak |author5=Achyuthan, N.S. |author5-link=species:Achyuthan Needamangalam Srikanthan |date=2013 |title=''Trimeresurus strigatus'' |volume=2013 |article-number=e.T172655A1360236 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T172655A1360236.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>
| genus = Craspedocephalus
| species = strigatus
| authority = [[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1842
| synonyms = *''Trimesurus'' [sic] ''strigatus'' {{small|Gray, 1842}}
*''Atropos Darwini'' {{small|[[André Marie Constant Duméril|A.M.C. Duméril]], [[Gabriel Bibron|Bibron]] & [[Auguste Duméril|A.H.A. Duméril]], 1854}}
*''Trigonocephalus'' (''Cophias'') ''neelgherriensis'' {{small|[[Thomas C. Jerdon|Jerdon]], 1854}}
*''Trimesurus Nielgherriensis'' {{small|— [[Richard Henry Beddome|Beddome]], 1862}}
*''T''[''rigonocephalus'']. ''Darwini'' {{small|— [[Giorgio Jan|Jan]], 1859}}
*''B''[''othrops''] ''Darwini'' {{small|— Jan, 1863}}
*''T''[''rimeresurus'']. ''strigolus'' {{small|[[William Theobald|Theobald]], 1868}}
*''Crotalus Trimeres''[''urus'']. ''strigatus'' {{small|— Higgins, 1873}}
*''T''[''rimeresurus'']. ''strigatus'' {{small|— Theobald, 1876}}
*''T''[''rigonocephalus'']. ''Nilghiriensis'' {{small|Theobald, 1876}}
*''Lachesis strigatus'' {{small|— [[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1896}}
*''Trimeresurus strigatus'' {{small|— [[Malcolm Arthur Smith|M.A. Smith]], 1943}}
*''P''[''rotobothrops'']. ''strigatus'' {{small|— [[species:Fred Kraus|Kraus]], [[species:Daniel G. Mink|Mink]] & [[species:Wesley M. Brown|W.M. Brown]], 1996}}<ref name="McD99">[[species:Roy Wallace McDiarmid|McDiarmid RW]], [[Jonathan A. Campbell|Campbell JA]], [[species:T'Shaka A. Touré|Touré TA]] (1999). ''Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1''. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. {{ISBN|1-893777-00-6}} (series). {{ISBN|1-893777-01-4}} (volume).</ref>
*''Trimeresurus strigatus'' {{small|— [[species:Hans-Werner Herrmann|Herrmann]] et al., 2004}}
*''Trimeresurus (Craspedocephalus) strigatus'' {{small|— [[species:Patrick David|David]] et al., 2011}}
*''Craspedocephalus strigatus'' {{small|— [[Van Wallach|Wallach]] et al., 2014}}<ref name=RDB>{{EMBL species|genus=Craspedocephalus|species=strigatus}} www.reptile-database.org.</ref>
}}

'''''Craspedocephalus strigatus''''', [[Common name|commonly known]] as the '''horseshoe pit viper''',<ref name="Gum04">[[species:Andreas Gumprecht|Gumprecht A]], [[species:Frank Tillack|Tillack F]], [[Nikolai Liutsianovich Orlov|Orlov NL]], [[Ashok Captain|Captain A]], [[species:Sergei Aleksandrovich Ryabov|Ryabov S]] (2004). ''Asian Pitvipers''. (first edition). Berlin: Geitje Books. 368 pp. {{ISBN|3-937975-00-4}}.</ref> is a [[species]] of [[venomous snake]] in the [[subfamily]] [[Crotalinae]] of the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Viperidae]]. The species is [[Endemism|endemic]] to the [[Western Ghats]] of [[India]]. There are no subspecies that are recognized as being valid.<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS |id=634932 |taxon=''Trimeresurus strigatus ''|accessdate=27 September 2006}}</ref>

==Geographic range==
Endemic to the [[Western Ghats]], in [[Karnataka]], [[Tamil Nadu]], and [[Kerala]] states of [[South India]], ''C. strigatus'' is distributed in the Upper [[Nilgiri Mountains]] ([[Romulus Whitaker|Whitaker]] & [[Ashok Captain|Captain]], 2004). Historically it was misidentified and misreported from extralimital localities from both the [[Western Ghats]] and the [[Eastern Ghats]]. Perhaps this is the species of pitviper confirmed from [[India]] to have the smallest geographic range of all.<ref>[[species:Sumaithangi Rajagopalan Ganesh|Ganesh SR]], [[species:S.R. Chandramouli|Chandramouli SR]] (2018). "On the distribution of ''Trimeresurus strigatus'' Gray, 1842 – a corrective note". ''Sauria'' '''40''' (1): 87–91.</ref>

The [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]] listed is "Cape of Good Hope?" and "Madras?" (Madras Presidency [and not the City], India). The former must be a mistake.<ref name="McD99"/> [[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]] (1896) restricted the type locality to "Madras Presidency".<ref name=RDB/>

==Habitat==
The preferred natural [[habitat]]s of ''C. strigatus'' are [[montane forests]], [[shola]] patches, and [[grassland]]s, at altitudes of {{cvt|1,100|–|2,400|m|ft}}.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021"/>

==Behaviour==
''C. strigatus'' is [[Terrestrial animal|terrestrial]], with most of the sightings on the ground or on rock formations. It is probably [[Diurnality|diurnal]], but its natural history is poorly known.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021"/>

==Diet==
''C. strigatus'' [[Predation|preys]] upon [[frog]]s, smaller snakes, and small [[rodent]]s such as [[Mouse|mice]].<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021"/>

==Description==
''C. strigatus'' may be distinguished from other pit vipers of peninsular India based on the presence of small [[Internasal scales|internasals]], the second [[Labial scales|supralabial]] in contact with the [[loreal pit]], 21 rows of smooth or weakly-keeled [[dorsal scales]] at midbody, and a single row of scales between labials and [[Ocular scales|suboculars]]. The common name of the species is based on the presence of a pale buff horseshoe-shaped (i.e., inverted "U") mark on the nape. [[Dorsum (anatomy)|Dorsally]], the snake is pale brownish or buff-coloured with darker blotches of grey and some white streaks.

Of 12 snakes measured, the mean [[Snout–vent length|snout-to-vent length]] (SVL) was 24.4 ± 7.04 cm (9.6 ± 2.8 in), the tail length (tL) was 3.5 ± 0.8 cm (1.4 ± 0.3 in), and the weight was 172 ± 10.5 g (6 ± 0.4 oz).{{citation needed|date=December 2012}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
*[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger GA]] (1896). ''Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the ... Viperidæ''. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor & Francis, printers). xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I–XXV. (''Lachesis strigatus'', pp. 549–550).
*[[John Edward Gray|Gray JE]] (1842). "Synopsis of the species of Rattle-Snakes, or Family of CROTALIDÆ". ''The Zoological Miscellany'' '''2''': 47-51. (''"Trimesurus'' [sic] ''strigatus''", new species, p. 49).
*[[species:Hans-Werner Herrmann|Herrmann H-W]], [[Thomas Ziegler (zoologist)|Ziegler]], [[species:Anita Malhotra|Malhotra A]], [[species:Roger S. Thorpe|Thorpe RS]], [[species:Christopher L. Parkinson|Parkinson CL]] (2004). "Redescription and systematics of ''Trimeresurus cornutus'' (Serpentes: Viperidae) based on morphology and molecular data". ''Herpetologica'' '''60''' (2): 211-221.
{{refend}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q3007099}}

[[Category:Craspedocephalus|strigatus]]
[[Category:Endemic reptiles of India]]
[[Category:Taxa named by John Edward Gray]]
[[Category:Reptiles described in 1842]]

Ramsewak Singh Kushwaha

2026-04-11T20:57:40Z

SharePoint Press: adding new bio

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Distinguish|Ramsevak Singh (Babuji)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ramsewak Singh
| image =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| office = Member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Mirganj Assembly constituency]]
| constituency1 = [[Hathua Assembly constituency|Hathua]]
| constituency2 = [[Hathua Assembly constituency|Hathua]]
| office1 = Member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| office2 = Member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2005
| predecessor =
| party = [[Janata Dal (United)]]
| term_end = 2010
| term_start1 = 2010
| term_end1 = 2015
| term_start2 = 2015
| term_end2 = 2020
| succeeded =
| office3 = Minister for Social Welfare, [[Government of Bihar]]
| term_start3 = 2 June 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/nitish-inducts-8-jd-u-members-in-cabinet-leaves-out-bjp-119060200329_1.html|title= Nitish inducts 8 JD-U members in Cabinet, leaves out BJP|website=Business Standard|accessdate=14 March 2023}}</ref>
| term_end3 = 16 November 2020
| office4 = National General Secretary of [[Janata Dal (United)]]<ref name="Toi">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/k-c-tyagi-jdus-well-known-face-does-not-find-a-place-in-new-national-team-of-nitish-kumars-party/articleshow/98871042.cms|title=K C Tyagi, JD(U)'s well-known face, does not find place in new national team of Nitish Kumar's party|website=Times of India|date=21 March 2023 |accessdate=23 March 2023}}</ref>
| term_start4 = March 2023
| office5 = Member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency5 = [[Hathua Assembly constituency|Hathua]]
| term_start5 = 2025
| predecessor5 = [[Rajesh Singh Kushwaha]]
| term_end5 =
}}

'''Ramsewak Singh''' is an Indian politician and a member of the [[Janata Dal (United)]] (JD(U)) political party. He served as a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly]] (MLA) in [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] for four consecutive terms. Singh, who represented the [[Hathua Assembly constituency]], became a minister for the first time in the [[Sixth Nitish Kumar ministry|Nitish government]] in 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/bihar/gopalganj-new-cabinet-minister-of-bihar-ram-sevak-singh-is-very-close-to-cm-nitish-kumar-bramk-2066353.html|title=लालू के गढ़ में JDU का परचम लहराने वाले इस शख्स को नीतीश ने दी कैबिनेट में जगह|website=News18|date=2 June 2019 |accessdate=21 February 2023|archive-date=30 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630124427/https://hindi.news18.com/news/bihar/gopalganj-new-cabinet-minister-of-bihar-ram-sevak-singh-is-very-close-to-cm-nitish-kumar-bramk-2066353.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Prior to this, he had held the post of [[Chief Whip]] of the ruling JD(U) for two terms. He is a resident of Asnand Tola village of Uchkagaon block. Before becoming an MLA, he was also the head of Balesra Panchayat. After winning the election of [[Mukhi]]ya, he became an MLA for the first time from Hathua Assembly under the symbol of [[Nitish Kumar]]'s JD(U). This was followed by his four consecutive electoral victories for the membership of Bihar Legislative Assembly.<ref name=ABP>{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.com/states/bihar/who-is-ramsevak-singh-who-traveled-from-agriculture-to-jdu-state-president-why-does-nitish-trust-him-ann-1716252|title=Who is Ramsewak Singh, who is going to become the state president of JDU from an agriculturist|website=Abplive|date=9 January 2021 |accessdate=21 February 2023|archive-date=7 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107180106/https://www.abplive.com/states/bihar/who-is-ramsevak-singh-who-traveled-from-agriculture-to-jdu-state-president-why-does-nitish-trust-him-ann-1716252|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.com/states/bihar/former-minister-ramsevak-singh-will-be-jdu-state-president-cm-nitish-kumar-believed-on-pair-of-luv-kush-ann-1716103|title=former-minister-ramsevak-singh-will-be-jdu-state-president-cm-nitish-kumar-believed-on-pair-of-luv-kush|website=ABP Live|date=9 January 2021 |accessdate=21 February 2023|archive-date=9 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109084522/https://www.abplive.com/states/bihar/former-minister-ramsevak-singh-will-be-jdu-state-president-cm-nitish-kumar-believed-on-pair-of-luv-kush-ann-1716103|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/news/who-will-become-jdu-president-ram-sevak-singh-sanjay-jha-neeraj-kumar-is-in-race-nitish-kumar-will-decide-128090157.html|website=Dainik Bhaskar|title=Who-will-become-jdu-president-ram-sevak-singh-sanjay-jha-neeraj-kumar-is-in-race-nitish-kumar-will-decide|accessdate=21 February 2023|archive-date=21 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221163327/https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/news/who-will-become-jdu-president-ram-sevak-singh-sanjay-jha-neeraj-kumar-is-in-race-nitish-kumar-will-decide-128090157.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/bihar-assembly-elections/story/hathua-assembly-seat-election-2020-ram-sewak-singh-jdu-bjp-rjd-atsn-1135958-2020-09-26|title=Can JDU maintain its winning streak on Hathua assembly constituency|website=AajTak|date=26 September 2020 |accessdate=21 February 2023|archive-date=2023-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221163341/https://www.aajtak.in/elections/bihar-assembly-elections/story/hathua-assembly-seat-election-2020-ram-sewak-singh-jdu-bjp-rjd-atsn-1135958-2020-09-26|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Political career==
Ramsewak Singh is a member of [[kushwaha,Koeri]] caste of Bihar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/former-mla-umesh-kushwaha-appointed-bihar-jdu-president-7141332/|title=Former mla Umesh kushwaha is JDU president|website=Indian express|date=11 January 2021 |accessdate=19 July 2024}}</ref> He has done [[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery|MBBS]] and M.D and before joining politics, he was in medical profession.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/bihar-elections-2015/news/pitch-report-from-lalus-home-town-phulwaria-in-gopalganj-district/articleshow/49600723.cms|title=Report from Lalu's home town|newspaper=The Times of India |date=30 October 2015 }}</ref>
Singh started his political career in 2001 by running for the post of Mukhiya (Head) of Balesra Panchayat of Hathua Assembly Constituency. He won the Mukhiya election by 170 votes.
For the first time in February 2005, he won election to the Bihar Legislative Assembly by 7,700 votes on the JD(U) ticket. In the mid-term elections held in November of the same year, he won election again by 8,000 votes. In 2010, he won election by 22,000 votes.
Then in 2015, he won a fourth consecutive victory in the election to the state legislature by 23,000 votes.<ref name=ABP/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/gopalganj-ram-seval-singh-19277207.html|title=मुखिया से सफर की शुरुआत कर मंत्री बने रामसेवक सिंह|website=jagran.com|accessdate=21 February 2023|archive-date=21 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221163346/https://www.jagran.com/bihar/gopalganj-ram-seval-singh-19277207.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2005, the Hathua assembly constituency was known as [[Mirganj Assembly constituency]]. After the delimitation exercise in 2010, the Mirganj constituency ceased to exist as such. Singh won the first assembly election in 2005 from Mirganj as well as a mid-term election later that year, and following its renaming as Hathua, he won two more elections for a total of four consecutive victories from the same constituency.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jansatta.com/rajya/bihar-election-2020-lalu-prasad-yadav-hathua-assembly-seat-rjd-vs-jdu-nitish-kumar/1532971/|title=Bihar Election: लालू के 'घर' में ही अब तक एक बार भी नहीं जीत सका है राजद, 35 साल से जीत के इंतजार में कांग्रेस|website=JANSATTA|date=October 2020 |accessdate=21 February 2023|archive-date=20 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820070906/https://www.jansatta.com/rajya/bihar-election-2020-lalu-prasad-yadav-hathua-assembly-seat-rjd-vs-jdu-nitish-kumar/1532971/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/bihar-assembly-elections/story/rjd-lalu-prasad-yadav-hathua-gopalganj-hathua-assembly-rjd-tstb-1141298-2020-10-06|title=लालू प्रसाद यादव के पैतृक गांव की इस सीट कभी नहीं जीता RJD का उम्मीदवार, अब जेडीयू का है दबदबा|website=Aajtak|date=6 October 2020 |accessdate=21 February 2023|archive-date=2023-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221163348/https://www.aajtak.in/elections/bihar-assembly-elections/story/rjd-lalu-prasad-yadav-hathua-gopalganj-hathua-assembly-rjd-tstb-1141298-2020-10-06|url-status=live}}</ref> Due to his political achievements, he was made Minister of Social Welfare in 2019.<ref name=ABP/>

In the 2020 Hathua Assembly constituency elections, he was defeated by [[Rajesh Singh Kushwaha|Rajesh Kumar Singh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/gopalgunj/hathua-vidhan-sabha-election-result-2020-latest-news-updates-on-jdu-ramsewak-singh-and-rjd-with-voting-percentage-in-bihar-chunav-and-get-breaking-news-on-hathua-vidhan-sabha-winning-mla-results-news-rkt-prt|title=Rajesh Kumar Singh wins at Hathua|website=Prabhat khabar|date=10 November 2020 |accessdate=21 February 2023|archive-date=26 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126063417/https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/gopalgunj/hathua-vidhan-sabha-election-result-2020-latest-news-updates-on-jdu-ramsewak-singh-and-rjd-with-voting-percentage-in-bihar-chunav-and-get-breaking-news-on-hathua-vidhan-sabha-winning-mla-results-news-rkt-prt|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/news/bihar-political-news-updateslav-kush-politics-in-bihar-jdu-after-sworing-of-umesh-singh-kushwaha-in-place-of-basistha-narain-singh-as-bihar-state-president-in-rcp-singh-and-nitish-kumar-policy-bihar-politics-128108645.html|language=Hindi|title=JDU के 2 रतन - एक लव, दूसरा कुश:जदयू के प्रदेश अध्यक्ष बनाए गए इस बार चुनाव हारे उमेश कुशवाहा, अचानक मिले CM तो खुली किस्मत|website=24 March 2023}}</ref>

In the 2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly elections, he was again fielded by the JDU against Rashtriya Janata Dal leader [[Rajesh Singh Kushwaha]]. In this election, he emerged victorious for the third time from [[Hathua Assembly constituency]] of [[Gopalganj district, India|Gopalganj district]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04104.htm|title=Hathua Assembly constituency 2025|website=Election Commission of India|accessdate=22 November 2025}}</ref>

==Controversies==
In 2020, Singh was accused in a murder case involving assassination of a [[Bajrang Dal]] activist, Jai Bahadur Singh, who was said to be opposing his candidacy from the ruling party, Janata Dal (United). The grandson of the victim, Dhirendra Singh, lodged a [[first information report|first information report (FIR)]] in this case in the Mirganj constituency area.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tv9hindi.com/state/bihar/ramsewak-singh-booked-jai-bahadur-singh-murder-bihar-mirganj-349390.html|title=जदयू मंत्री के खिलाफ हत्या का मामला दर्ज, राजनीतिक रंजिश में वारदात को अंजाम देने का आरोप|website=tv9hindi|date=7 November 2020 |accessdate=8 February 2023}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Ram Balak Singh Kushwaha]]
*[[Suraj Nandan Kushwaha]]
*[[Satyendra Narayan Kushwaha]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kushwaha, Ramsewak Singh}}
[[Category:Janata Dal (United) politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2010–2015]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2015–2020]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:People from Gopalganj district, India]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Bihar]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2005–2010]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2025–2030]]

Sawayajpur tehsil

2026-04-11T10:41:30Z

SharePoint Press: added.

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sawayajpur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Tehsil
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.08|N|80.52|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hardoi district|Hardoi]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 142
| population_total = 483668
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Sawayajpur tehsil''' (also spelled Sawaijpur and Sawaizpur) is a [[tehsil]] of [[Hardoi district]] in the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]], which is associated with the [[Sawaijpur Assembly constituency|Sawayajpur Assembly Constituency]] of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]].<ref> {{cite web|url=https://hardoi.nic.in/tehsil/|title=Tehsils In Hardoi|publisher=hardoi.nic.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/district/526-hardoi-uttar-pradesh.html|title=Tehsils in Hardoi|publisher=census2011.co.in}}</ref>

==Location and Geography==
Sawayajpur lies in Hardoi district, approximately 27°05′N 80°31′E, within the fertile Gangetic plains. The area features flat farmland suited for crops like wheat, rice, and sugarcane, with nearby towns including Hardoi and Sandila.

The local post office, PIN 241123, covers 21.22 sq km and supports a population of around 8,221 people.

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 Census of India]], Sawayajpur tehsil had a population of 483,668 people, consisting of 261,963 males and 221,705 females, across 82,147 households. The overall sex ratio was 846 females per 1,000 males. The literacy rate stood at 67.02%, indicating a moderate level of educational attainment in the region. Hindi is the predominant language spoken in the tehsil.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s392c8c96e4c37100777c7190b76d28233/uploads/2021/01/2021012786.pdf|title=Census of India 2011: District Census Handbook of Hardoi|publisher=Government of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/en/data/population-finder|title=Census of India, 2011|publisher= Government of India}}</ref>

==History and Administration==
Hardoi district, including Sawaijpur, saw early Islamic influence from expeditions like those of Sayid Salar Masud in 1032 AD and later rulers such as Qutub-ud-din Aibak in 1193 AD. The region passed through Jaunpur kings, Lodis, Mughals like Babur and Humayun, and Sher Shah before stable Awadh Nawabi control.

Today, it falls under official district administration, with sites like the local tehsil office handling revenue and development.

==Modern Significance==
Sawaijpur remains politically active as an assembly seat and focuses on agriculture, with studies noting farmer profiles across tehsils like Bilgram and Sandila. Infrastructure includes branch post offices tied to Hardoi HPO, aiding daily services.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Hardoi district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Hardoi district]]

Shivaldo Singh

2026-03-30T06:36:32Z

SharePoint Press:

{{short description|Indian footballer (born 2004)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Western name order|Chingangbam Shivaldo Singh}}
{{Meitei name|Chingangbam|Shivaldo|Singh}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Shivaldo Singh
| image =
| fullname = Shivaldo Singh Chingangbam
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2004|06|13|df=y}}
| birth_place = Awang Potsangbam, [[Imphal]], [[Manipur]], India
| height = 1.72 m
| position = [[Midfielder]]
| currentclub = [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
| clubnumber = 51
| youthyears1 = 2021–23
| youthclubs1 = [[Reliance Foundation Youth Sports#Reliance Foundation Young Champs|RF Young Champs]]
| youthyears2 = 2023–24
| youthclubs2 = [[Bengaluru FC Reserves and Academy|Bengaluru U23]]
| years1 = 2023–
| clubs1 = [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
| caps1 = 16
| goals1 = 1

| nationalyears1 = 2024–
| nationalteam1 = [[India national under-23 football team|India U23]]
| nationalcaps1 = 7
| nationalgoals1 = 2
| club-update = 22:00, 7 March 2026 (UTC)
| nationalteam-update = 22:00, 6 September 2025 (UTC)
}}

'''Shivaldo Singh Chingangbam''' ({{langx|mni|Chingangbam Shivaldo Singh}}, born 13 June 2004) is an Indian professional [[Association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[midfielder]] for the [[Indian Super League]] club [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]].<ref name="Aiff">{{cite web |title=Shivaldo Singh profile |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/56847?type=club |publisher=[[All India Football Federation]] |access-date=25 May 2025}}</ref>

== Club career ==
=== Bengaluru ===
Singh started his youth training and career with [[Reliance Foundation Youth Sports#Reliance Foundation Young Champs|RF Young Champs]] in 2021. Next year he moved to [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]'s [[Bengaluru FC Reserves and Academy|youth team]]. He played two seasons at the [[Reliance Foundation Development League|Development League]]. For [[2023–24 Bengaluru FC season|2023–24]] he was promoted to the senior team of Bengaluru. He made his senior debut against [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]] on 8 December 2023. On 14 March 2024, he scored a goal in a 2–1 victory against [[FC Goa|Goa]]. He also represented the club at the [[2024 Super Cup (India)|2024 Super Cup]]. However, his performance dropped and made limited appearances in [[2024–25 Bengaluru FC season|2024–25]].<ref name="Aiff"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Chingangbam Shivaldo Singh profile |url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/players/midfielder-184690-shivaldo-singh-chingangbam-profile |publisher=[[Indian Super League]] |access-date=25 May 2025}}</ref><ref name="Soccerway"/>

==International career==
In March 2024, Singh got his call-ups for [[India national under-23 football team|India under-23]] camp for preparation of two friendlies that India would play against [[Malaysia national under-23 football team|Malaysia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=India U23s to play two friendlies against Malaysia |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-u23s-to-play-two-friendlies-against-malaysia |publisher=[[All India Football Federation]] |access-date=25 May 2025 |date=14 March 2024}}</ref> He made it to final squad, and played both the friendlies. He scored his first international goal for India under-23 team in the first friendly, though lost the match 2–1 to Malaysia.<ref>{{cite web |title=India U23 edged out in Malaysia friendly |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-u23-edged-out-in-malaysia-friendly |publisher=[[All India Football Federation]] |access-date=25 May 2025 |date=22 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=India U23 draw with Malaysia in second friendly tie |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-u23-draw-with-malaysia-in-second-friendly-tie |publisher=[[All India Football Federation]] |access-date=25 May 2025 |date=25 March 2024}}</ref> In May 2025, then India under-23 head coach [[Naushad Moosa]] listed Singh again in the 29-members probable squad for two friendlies that will be held in Tajikistan in June 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Naushad Moosa names 29-member probable squad for India U23s |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/naushad-moosa-names-29-member-probable-squad-for-india-u23s |publisher=[[All India Football Federation]] |access-date=22 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250522171716/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/naushad-moosa-names-29-member-probable-squad-for-india-u23s |archive-date=22 May 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Career statistics ==
=== Club ===
{{updated|25 May 2025}}<ref name="Soccerway">{{Soccerway|shivaldo-chingambam-singh/943263}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
|-
!rowspan="2"|Club
!rowspan="2"|Season
!colspan="3"|League
!colspan="2"|[[Super Cup (India)|Super Cup]]
!colspan="2"|[[Durand Cup]]
!colspan="2"|Continental
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goal
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
|[[2023–24 Bengaluru FC season|2023–24]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Indian Super League]]
|12||1||2||0||0||0||0||0||14||1
|-
|[[2024–25 Bengaluru FC season|2024–25]]
|3||0||0||0||4||0||0||0||7||0
|-
!colspan="3"|Career total
!15!!1!!2!!0!!4!!0!!0!!0!!21!!1
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal bar|India|Association football|Biography}}
* [https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/56847?type=club Shivaldo Singh] at AIFF
* [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/players/midfielder-184690-shivaldo-singh-chingangbam-profile Shivaldo Singh] at ISL
* {{Soccerway|943263}}

{{Bengaluru FC squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Shivaldo}}
[[Category:2004 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Footballers from Imphal]]
[[Category:Footballers from Manipur]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:India men's youth international footballers]]
[[Category:Men's association football midfielders]]
[[Category:Indian Super League players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Bengaluru FC players]]

Abdul Karim (the Munshi)

2026-03-27T13:18:15Z

SharePoint Press:

{{Short description|Indian servant of Queen Victoria (1863–1909)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[Munshi]]
| name = Mohammed Abdul Karim
| native_name = {{nobold|{{nq|منشى عبدالكريم}}}}
| native_name_lang = ur
| honorific_suffix = [[Order of the Indian Empire|CIE]] [[Royal Victorian Order|CVO]]
| image = Munshi.jpg
| alt = Karim in a turban and holding a book
| caption = 1888 portrait
| office = Indian Secretary to [[Queen Victoria]]
| term_start = 1892
| term_end = 1901
| spouse = Rashidan Karim
| birth_date = 1863
| birth_place = [[Lalitpur, India|Lalitpur]], North-Western Provinces, British India
| death_date = 20 April 1909 (aged 46)<ref>{{Cite web|last=Qureshi|first=Siraj|date=20 April 2016|title=Death anniversary of Queen Victoria's personal secretary Munshi Abdul Kareem observed|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/death-anniversary-of-queen-victoria-personal-secretary-munshi-abdul-kareem-observed-319030-2016-04-20|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-24|website=India Today|language=en-IN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524221355/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/death-anniversary-of-queen-victoria-personal-secretary-munshi-abdul-kareem-observed-319030-2016-04-20 |archive-date=24 May 2021 }}</ref>
| death_place = [[Agra]], British India
}}

'''Mohammed Abdul Karim''' (1863 – 20 April 1909), also known as "'''the Munshi'''", was an [[British Raj|Indian]] attendant of [[Queen Victoria]]. He served her during the final 14 years of her reign, gaining her maternal affection over that time.

Karim was born the son of a hospital assistant at [[Lalitpur, India|Lalitpur]], near [[Jhansi]] in [[British India]]. In 1887, the year of [[Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria|Victoria's Golden Jubilee]], Karim was one of two Indians selected to become servants to the Queen. Victoria came to like him a great deal and gave him the title of "[[Munshi]]" ("clerk" or "teacher"). Victoria appointed him to be her Indian Secretary, showered him with honours, and obtained a land grant for him in India.

The close platonic<ref name="vanity fair">{{cite magazine|last=Miller|first=Julie|date=22 September 2017|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/09/queen-victoria-and-abdul-real-story|title=Victoria and Abdul: The Truth About the Queen's Controversial Relationship|magazine=Vanity Fair|access-date=27 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/news/local-news/queen-victoria-confidante-abdul-karims-458066|title=Queen Victoria confidante Abdul Karim's descendant 'honoured' by royal connection|last=Mack|first=Tom|date=11 September 2017|work=Leicester Mercury|access-date=27 November 2018}}</ref> relationship between Karim and the Queen led to friction within the [[Royal Households of the United Kingdom|Royal Household]], the other members of which felt themselves to be superior to him. The Queen insisted on taking Karim with her on her travels, which caused arguments between her and her other attendants. Following [[Death and state funeral of Queen Victoria|Victoria's death]] in 1901, her successor, [[Edward VII]], returned Karim to India and ordered the confiscation and destruction of the Munshi's correspondence with Victoria. Karim subsequently lived quietly near [[Agra]], on the estate that Victoria had arranged for him, until his death at the age of 46.

==Early life==
Mohammed Abdul Karim was born into a [[Muslim]] family at Lalitpur near [[Jhansi]] in 1863.<ref>Basu, p. 22</ref> His father, Haji Mohammed Waziruddin, was a hospital assistant stationed with the [[Central India Horse]], a British cavalry regiment.<ref>Basu, pp. 22–23</ref> Karim had one older brother, Abdul Aziz, and four younger sisters. He was taught [[Persian language|Persian]] and [[Urdu]] privately<ref>Basu, p. 23</ref> and, as a teenager, travelled across North India and into Afghanistan.<ref>Basu, pp. 23–24</ref> Karim's father participated in the conclusive [[Battle of Kandahar (1880)|march to Kandahar]], which ended the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]], in August 1880. After the war, Karim's father transferred from the Central India Horse to a civilian position at the Central Jail in [[Agra]], while Karim worked as a ''vakil'' ("agent" or "representative") for the [[Nawab]] of [[Jaora State|Jaora]] in the Agency of [[Agar, Madhya Pradesh|Agar]]. After three years in Agar, Karim resigned and moved to Agra, to become a [[vernacular]] clerk at the jail. His father [[arranged marriage|arranged a marriage]] between Karim and the sister of a fellow worker.<ref>Basu, p. 24</ref>

Prisoners in the Agra jail were trained and kept employed as carpet weavers as part of their rehabilitation. In 1886, 34 convicts travelled to London to demonstrate carpet weaving at the [[Colonial and Indian Exhibition]] in [[South Kensington]]. Karim did not accompany the prisoners, but assisted Jail Superintendent [[John W. Tyler|John Tyler]] in organising the trip, and helped to select the carpets and weavers. When [[Queen Victoria]] visited the exhibition, Tyler gave her a gift of two gold bracelets, again chosen with the assistance of Karim.<ref>Basu, p. 25</ref> The Queen had a longstanding interest in her Indian territories and wished to employ some Indian servants for [[Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria|her Golden Jubilee]]. She asked Tyler to recruit two attendants who would be employed for a year.<ref>Victoria to [[Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne|Lord Lansdowne]], 18 December 1890, quoted in Basu. p. 87</ref> Karim was hastily coached in British manners and in the English language and sent to England, along with Mohammed Buksh. Major-General [[Thomas Dennehy]], who was about to be appointed to the [[Royal Household]], had previously employed Buksh as a servant.<ref>Basu, pp. 26–27</ref> It was planned that the two Indian men would initially wait at table, and learn to do other tasks.<ref>Anand, p. 13</ref>

==Royal servant==
[[File:Munshi tuxen.jpg|thumb|left|upright|alt=impressionistic painting of the Munshi, standing and turned to show his right profile|The Munshi in a painting by [[Laurits Tuxen]], commissioned by Queen Victoria, 1887. [[Royal Collection]].]]
After a journey by rail from [[Agra]] to [[Bombay]] and by mail steamer to Britain, Karim and Buksh arrived at [[Windsor Castle]] in June 1887.<ref>Basu, p. 33</ref> They were put under the charge of Major-General Dennehy and first served the Queen at breakfast in [[Frogmore House]] at Windsor on 23 June 1887. The Queen described Karim in her diary for that day: "The other, much younger, is much lighter <nowiki>[than Buksh]</nowiki>, tall, and with a fine serious countenance. His father is a native doctor at Agra. They both kissed my feet."<ref>Quoted in Anand, p. 15</ref>

Five days later, the Queen noted that "The Indians always wait now and do so, so well and quietly."<ref>Quoted in Basu, p. 38</ref> On 3 August, she wrote: "I am learning a few words of [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]] to speak to my servants. It is a great interest to me for both the language and the people, I have naturally never come into real contact with before."<ref>Quoted in Basu, p. 43; Hibbert, p. 446 and Longford, p. 502</ref> On 20 August she had some "excellent [[curry]]" made by one of the servants.<ref>Quoted in Basu, p. 44</ref> By 30 August Karim was teaching her [[Urdu]],<ref>Basu, p. 48</ref> which she used during an audience in December to greet the [[Maharani Chimnabai]] of [[Baroda]].<ref>Basu, p. 57</ref>

Victoria took a great liking to Karim and ordered that he was to be given additional instruction in the English language.<ref>Basu, p. 49</ref> By February 1888 he had "learnt English wonderfully" according to Victoria.<ref>Quoted in Basu, p. 60</ref> After he complained to the Queen that he had been a clerk in India and thus menial work as a waiter was beneath him,<ref>[[Marina Warner]]'s ''Queen Victoria's Sketchbook'', quoted in [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/masterpiece/mbrown/men/karim_bio.html "Abdul Karim"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406110749/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/masterpiece/mbrown/men/karim_bio.html |date=6 April 2016 }}. PBS. Retrieved on 15 April 2011</ref><ref>Basu, pp. 64–65</ref> he was promoted to the position of "[[Munshi]]" in August 1888.<ref>Basu, p. 64</ref> In her journal, the Queen writes that she made this change so that he would stay: "I particularly wish to retain his services as he helps me in studying Hindustani, which interests me very much, & he is very intelligent & useful."<ref>{{cite web |title=Queen Victoria's Journals |url=http://www.queenvictoriasjournals.org/search/displayItem.do?FormatType=fulltextimgsrc&QueryType=articles&ResultsID=2738800766295&filterSequence=0&PageNumber=1&ItemNumber=1&ItemID=qvj20271&volumeType=PSBEA |work=RA VIC/MAIN/QVJ (W) |publisher=Royal Archives |access-date=24 May 2013 |date=11 August 1888}}</ref> Photographs of him waiting at table were destroyed and he became the first Indian personal clerk to the Queen.<ref>Basu, p. 65; Longford, p. 536</ref> Buksh remained in the Queen's service, but only as a ''khidmatgar'' or table servant,<ref>Anand, p. 16</ref> until his death at Windsor in 1899.<ref>Basu, p. 174</ref>

According to Karim biographer Sushila Anand, the Queen's own letters testify that "her discussions with the Munshi were wide-ranging—philosophical, political, and practical. Both head and heart were engaged. There is no doubt that the Queen found in Abdul Karim a connection with a world that was fascinatingly alien, and a confidant who would not feed her the official line."<ref>Anand, p. 15</ref> Karim was placed in charge of the other Indian servants and made responsible for their accounts. Victoria praised him in her letters and journal. "I am so very fond of him" she wrote, "He is so good & gentle & understanding all I want & is a real comfort to me."<ref>Queen Victoria to the [[Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia|Duchess of Connaught]], 3 November 1888, quoted in Basu, p. 65</ref> She admired "her personal Indian clerk & Munshi, who is an excellent, clever, truly p[i]ous & very refined gentle man, who says, 'God ordered it' ... ''God's Orders'' is what they implicitly obey! Such faith as theirs & such conscientiousness set us a g[rea]t example."<ref>Victoria to Sir [[Theodore Martin]], 20 November 1888, quoted in Basu, p. 65</ref> At [[Balmoral Castle]], the Queen's Scottish estate, Karim was allocated the room previously occupied by [[John Brown (servant)|John Brown]], a favourite servant of the Queen who had died in 1883.<ref name=n82/> Despite the serious and dignified manner that Karim presented to the outside world, the Queen wrote that "he is very friendly and cheerful with the Queen's maids and laughs and even jokes now—and invited them to come and see all his fine things offering them fruit cake to eat".<ref name = "a18">Anand, p. 18</ref>

==Household hostility==
In November 1888, Karim was given four months' leave to return to India, during which time he visited his father. Karim wrote to Victoria that his father, who was due to retire, had hopes of a pension and that his former employer, John Tyler, was angling for promotion. As a result, throughout the first six months of 1889, Victoria wrote to the [[Viceroy of India]], [[Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne|Lord Lansdowne]], demanding action on Waziruddin's pension and Tyler's promotion. The Viceroy was reluctant to pursue the issues because Waziruddin had told the local governor, Sir [[Auckland Colvin]], that he desired only gratitude and also because Tyler had a reputation for tactless behaviour and bad-tempered remarks.<ref>Basu, pp. 68–69</ref><ref>Victoria herself acknowledged that "he is a very irascible man, with a violent temper and a total want of tact, and his own enemy, but v. kind-hearted and hospitable, a very good official, and a first-rate physician", to which Lansdowne replied, "Your Majesty has summed up that gentleman's strong and weak points in language which exactly meets the case." (Quoted in Basu, p. 88)</ref>

Karim's swift rise began to create jealousy and discontent among the members of the [[Royal Households of the United Kingdom|Royal Household]], who would normally never mingle socially with Indians below the rank of prince. The Queen expected them to welcome Karim, an Indian of ordinary origin, into their midst, but they were not willing to do so.<ref name = "a18"/> Karim, for his part, expected to be treated as an equal. When [[Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] (later Edward VII), hosted an entertainment for the Queen at his home in [[Sandringham House|Sandringham]] on 26 April 1889, Karim found he had been allocated a seat with the servants. Feeling insulted, he retired to his room. The Queen took his side, stating that he should have been seated among the Household.<ref>Anand, pp. 18–19; Basu, pp. 70–71</ref> When the Queen attended the [[Braemar#Braemar Gathering|Braemar Games]] in 1890, her son [[Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn]], approached the Queen's private secretary, Sir [[Henry Ponsonby]], in outrage after he saw the Munshi among the gentry. Ponsonby suggested that as it was "by the Queen's order", the Duke should approach the Queen about it.<ref>Waller, p. 441</ref> "This entirely shut him up", noted Ponsonby.<ref>Basu, p. 71; Hibbert, p. 448</ref>

Victoria biographer [[Carolly Erickson]] described the situation:
<blockquote>The rapid advancement and personal arrogance of the Munshi would inevitably have led to his unpopularity, but the fact of his race made all emotions run hotter against him. Racialism was a scourge of the age; it went hand in hand with belief in the appropriateness of Britain's global dominion. For a dark-skinned Indian to be put very nearly on a level with the queen's white servants was all but intolerable, for him to eat at the same table as them, to share in their daily lives was viewed as an outrage. Yet the queen was determined to impose harmony on her household. Race hatred was intolerable to her, and the "dear good Munshi" deserving of nothing but respect.<ref>Erickson, Carolly (2002) [https://books.google.com/books?id=Zy6239vBL6oC&q=karim+cottage ''Her Little Majesty''], New York: Simon and Schuster, p. 241. {{ISBN|0-7432-3657-2}}. Paragraph break omitted after third sentence.</ref></blockquote>

When complaints were brought to her, Victoria refused to believe any negative comments about Karim.<ref>Basu, pp. 70–71</ref> She dismissed concerns about his behaviour, deemed high-handed by Household and staff, as "very wrong".<ref>Victoria to Reid, 13 May 1889, quoted in Basu, p. 70</ref> In June 1889, Karim's brother-in-law, Hourmet Ali, sold one of Victoria's brooches to a jeweller in [[Windsor, Berkshire|Windsor]]. She accepted Karim's explanation that Ali had found the brooch and that it was customary in India to keep anything that one found, whereas the rest of the Household thought Ali had stolen it.<ref>Anand, pp. 20–21; Basu, pp. 71–72</ref> In July, Karim was assigned the room previously occupied by [[Sir James Reid, 1st Baronet|James Reid]], Victoria's physician, and given the use of a private sitting room.<ref>Basu, p. 72</ref>

[[File:Glas Allt Shiel.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Widow's Cottage on the banks of Loch Muick|[[Glas-allt-Shiel]]: Victoria's remote getaway on the Balmoral estate]]
The Queen, influenced by the Munshi, continued to write to Lord Lansdowne on the issue of Tyler's promotion and the administration of India. She expressed reservations on the [[Indian Councils Act 1892|introduction of elected councils]] on the basis that Muslims would not win many seats because they were in the minority, and urged that Hindu feasts be rescheduled so as not to conflict with Muslim ones. Lansdowne dismissed the latter suggestion as potentially divisive,<ref>Basu, pp. 73, 109–110</ref> but appointed Tyler Acting Inspector General of Prisons in September 1889.<ref name=B74>Basu, p. 74</ref>

To the Household's surprise and concern, during Victoria's stay at Balmoral in September 1889, she and Karim stayed for one night at a remote house on the estate, [[Glas-allt-Shiel]] at [[Loch Muick]]. Victoria had often been there with Brown and after his death had sworn never to stay there again.<ref name=B74/> In early 1890, Karim fell ill with an inflamed [[boil]] on his neck and Victoria instructed Reid, her physician, to attend to Karim.<ref>Basu, p. 75</ref> She wrote to Reid expressing her anxiety and explaining that she felt responsible for the welfare of her Indian servants because they were so far from their own land.<ref name=B76>Basu, p. 76</ref> Reid performed an operation to open and drain the swelling, after which Karim recovered.<ref name=B76/> Reid wrote on 1 March 1890 that the Queen was "visiting Abdul twice daily, in his room taking Hindustani lessons, [[Red box (government)#Royal red boxes|signing her boxes]], examining his neck, smoothing his pillows, etc."<ref>Quoted in Anand, p. 22 and Basu, p. 75</ref>

==Land grant and family matters==
[[File:Heinrich von Angeli (1840-1925) - The Munshi Abdul Karim (1863-1909) - RCIN 406915 - Royal Collection.jpg|thumb|left|Portrait by Heinrich von Angeli, 1890]]
In 1890, the Queen had Karim's portrait painted by [[Heinrich von Angeli]]. According to the Queen, von Angeli was keen to paint Karim as he had never painted an Indian before and "was so struck with his handsome face and colouring".<ref>Queen Victoria to [[Victoria, Princess Royal]], 17 May 1890, quoted in Basu, p. 77</ref> On 11 July, she wrote to Lansdowne, and the [[Secretary of State for India]], [[R. A. Cross, 1st Viscount Cross|Lord Cross]], for "a grant of land to her really exemplary and excellent young Munshi, Hafiz Abdul Karim".<ref>Quoted in Basu, p. 77</ref> The ageing Queen did not trust her relatives and the Royal Household to look after the Munshi after she was gone, and so sought to secure his future.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/empire/episodes/episode_66.shtml ''This Sceptered Isle'': Part 66, "Queen Victoria and Abdul Karim"] BBC Radio 4. Retrieved on 15 April 2011.</ref> Lansdowne replied that grants of land were given only to soldiers, and then only in cases of long and meritorious service. Nevertheless, the Viceroy agreed to find a grant for Karim that would provide about 600 rupees annually, the same amount that an old soldier could expect after performing exceptionally.<ref>Basu, p. 78</ref> Victoria wrote to Lansdowne repeatedly between July and October, pressuring him on the land grant. Apart from wasteland, there was little government-controlled land near Agra; thus Lansdowne was having trouble finding a suitable plot.<ref>Basu, pp. 79–82</ref> On 30 October, the Munshi left Balmoral for four months' leave in India, travelling on the same ship as [[Maud Petty-Fitzmaurice, Marchioness of Lansdowne|Lady Lansdowne]]. On the same day, Lord Lansdowne telegraphed the Queen to let her know that a grant of land in the suburbs of Agra had been arranged.<ref>Basu, p. 83</ref> Lansdowne made a point of informing the Queen:
{{Blockquote|... quite recently one of the men who at the peril of his life, and under a withering fire helped to blow up the [[Kashmiri Gate (Delhi)|Kashmiri Gate of Delhi]] in [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|the Mutiny]], received, on his retirement from the service, a grant of land yielding only Rs 250 for life. Abdul Karim, at the age of 26, had received a ''perpetual'' grant of land representing an income of more than double that amount in recognition of his services as a member of your Majesty's Household.<ref>Anand, p. 33; Basu, p. 86</ref>}}
Lansdowne visited Agra in November 1890. He and the Munshi met, and Lansdowne arranged for Karim to be seated with the viceregal staff during a [[Durbar (court)|durbar]].<ref>Basu, p. 85</ref> Lansdowne met both the Munshi and Waziruddin privately, and Lady Lansdowne met his wife and mother-in-law, who were smuggled into the Viceroy's camp in secrecy to comply with rules of [[purdah]].<ref>Basu, pp. 86–87</ref>

In 1891, after Karim's return to Britain, he asked Reid to send his father a large quantity of medicinal compounds, which included [[strychnine]], [[chloral hydrate]], [[morphine]], and many other poisons. Reid calculated that the amount requested was "amply sufficient to kill 12,000 to 15,000 full grown men or an enormously large number of children" and consequently refused.<ref name=B100>Basu, p. 100</ref> Instead, Reid persuaded the Queen that the chemicals should be obtained at her expense by the appropriate authorities in India.<ref name=B100/> In June 1892, Waziruddin visited Britain and stayed at both Balmoral and Windsor Castles.<ref>Basu, pp. 102–103</ref> He retired in 1893 and in the [[New Year Honours]] 1894 he was rewarded, to Victoria's satisfaction, with the title of ''[[Khan Bahadur (title)|Khan Bahadur]]'', which Lansdowne noted was "one which under ordinary circumstances the Doctor [could] not have ventured to expect".<ref>Lansdowne to Victoria, December 1893, quoted in Basu, p. 111</ref>

In May 1892, the Munshi returned to India on six months' leave; on his return, his wife and mother-in-law accompanied him. Both women were shrouded from head to foot and travelled in railway compartments with drawn curtains. Victoria wrote, "the two Indian ladies ... who are, I believe, the first Mohammedan [[purdah]] ladies who ever came over ... keep their custom of complete seclusion and of being entirely covered when they go out, except for the holes for their eyes."<ref>Queen Victoria to Victoria, Princess Royal, 9 December 1893, quoted in Anand, p. 45</ref> As a woman, Victoria saw them without veils.<ref>Basu, pp. 104–105</ref> The Munshi and his family were housed in cottages at Windsor, Balmoral and [[Osborne House|Osborne]], the Queen's retreat on the [[Isle of Wight]].<ref name="Basu, p. 107">Basu, p. 107</ref> Victoria visited regularly, usually bringing her female guests, including the [[Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark)|Empress of Russia]] and the [[Alexandra of Denmark|Princess of Wales]], to meet the Munshi's female relatives.<ref>Basu, pp. 106, 108–109</ref> One visitor, Marie Mallet, the Queen's maid-in-waiting and wife of civil servant [[Bernard Mallet]], recorded:
{{Blockquote|I have just been to see the Munshi's wife (by Royal Command). She is fat and not uncomely, a delicate shade of chocolate and gorgeously attired, rings on her fingers, rings on her nose, a pocket mirror set in turquoises on her thumb and every feasible part of her person hung with chains and bracelets and ear-rings, a rose-pink veil on her head bordered with heavy gold and splendid silk and satin swathings round her person. She speaks English in a limited manner ..."<ref>[[Victor Mallet|Mallet, Victor]] (ed., 1968) ''Life With Queen Victoria: Marie Mallet's Letters From Court 1887–1901'', London: John Murray, p. 96, quoted in Basu, p. 141</ref>}}

[[File:Queen Victoria and an Indian servant.jpg|thumb|Queen Victoria and an Indian attendant, 1893]]
Reid never saw Mrs Karim unveiled, though he claimed that whenever he was called to examine her, a different tongue was protruded from behind the veil for his inspection.<ref>Basu, p. 129; Hibbert, p. 447; Longford, p. 535</ref>

In 1892, the Munshi's name began to appear in the [[Court Circular]] among the names of officials accompanying the Queen on her annual March trip to the [[French Riviera]].<ref name = "n82"/> As usual, Victoria spent Christmas 1892 at Osborne House, where the Munshi, as he had in previous years, participated in [[tableaux vivants]] arranged as entertainment.<ref>Basu, pp. 59–60, 66, 81, 100, 103</ref> The following year, during Victoria's annual holiday in continental Europe, he was presented to King [[Umberto I of Italy]].<ref>Basu, p. 104</ref> In the words of a contemporary newspaper account, "The King did not understand why this magnificent and imposing Hindoo should have been formally presented to him. The popular idea in Italy is that the Munshi is a captive Indian prince, who is taken about by the Queen as an outward and visible sign of Her Majesty's supremacy in the East."<ref>''Birmingham Daily Post'', 24 March 1893, quoted in Basu, p. 104</ref>

By 1893, Victoria was sending notes to Karim signed in Urdu.<ref name="Basu, p. 107"/> She often signed off her letters to Karim as "your affectionate mother, VRI"<ref>e.g. Basu, p. 129</ref> or "your truly devoted and fond loving mother, VRI".<ref>e.g. Basu, p. 109</ref>

==Travels and Diamond Jubilee==
The Munshi was perceived to have taken advantage of his position as the Queen's favourite, and to have risen above his status as a menial clerk, causing resentment in the court. On a journey through Italy, he published an advertisement in the ''Florence Gazette'' stating that "<nowiki>[h]</nowiki>e is belonging to a good and highly respectful famiely{{sic}}".<ref name = "n82">Nelson, p. 82</ref> Karim refused to travel with the other Indians and appropriated the maid's bathroom for his exclusive use.<ref>Basu, p. 114; Hibbert, p. 450; Nelson, p. 83</ref> On a visit to [[Coburg]], he refused to attend the marriage of Victoria's granddaughter [[Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]], because her father, Victoria's son [[Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]], assigned him a seat in the gallery with the servants.<ref>Basu, p. 115</ref> Confronted by the opposition of her family and retainers, the Queen defended her favourite.<ref>Basu, p. 116</ref> She wrote to her private secretary Sir [[Henry Ponsonby]]: "to make out that the poor good Munshi is so ''low'' is really outrageous & in a country like England quite out of place ... She has known 2 Archbishops who were sons respectively of a Butcher & a Grocer ... Abdul's father saw good & honourable service as a Dr & he [Karim] feels cut to the heart at being thus spoken of."<ref>Basu, p. 117; Hibbert, p. 449; Longford, p. 536</ref>

Lord Lansdowne's term of office ended in 1894, and he was replaced by [[Victor Bruce, 9th Earl of Elgin|Lord Elgin]]. Ponsonby's son [[Frederick Ponsonby, 1st Baron Sysonby|Frederick]] was Elgin's [[aide-de-camp]] in India for a short time before being appointed an [[equerry]] to Victoria. Victoria asked Frederick to visit Waziruddin, the "surgeon-general" at Agra.<ref name=ponsonby1>Ponsonby, Frederick (1951) ''Recollections of Three Reigns'', London: Odhams Press, p. 12, quoted in Basu, p. 120 and Hibbert, p. 449</ref> On his return to Britain, Frederick told Victoria that Waziruddin "was not the surgeon-general but only the apothecary at the jail", which Victoria "stoutly denied" saying Frederick "must have seen the wrong man".<ref name=ponsonby1/> To "mark her displeasure", Victoria did not invite Frederick to dinner for a year.<ref name=ponsonby1/>

At Christmas 1894, the Munshi sent Lord Elgin a sentimental greeting card, which to Victoria's dismay went unacknowledged.<ref>Basu, pp. 119–120; Longford, p. 537</ref> Through Frederick Ponsonby, she complained to Elgin, who replied that he did "not imagine that any acknowledgement was necessary, or that the Queen would expect him to send one", pointing out "how impossible it would be for an Indian Viceroy to enter into correspondence of this kind".<ref>Basu, p. 121</ref>

Frederick wrote to Elgin in January 1895 that Karim was deeply unpopular in the Household, and that he occupied "very much the same position as John Brown used to".<ref name=ponsonby2/> Princesses [[Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll|Louise]] and [[Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom|Beatrice]], [[Prince Henry of Battenberg]], Prime Minister [[Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery|Lord Rosebery]], and [[Secretary of State for India]] [[Henry Fowler, 1st Viscount Wolverhampton|Henry Fowler]] had all raised concerns about Karim with the Queen, who "refused to listen to what they had to say but was very angry, so as you see the Munshi is a sort of pet, like a dog or cat which the Queen will not willingly give up".<ref name=ponsonby2>Quoted in Anand, p. 54; Basu, p. 125 and Hibbert, p. 451</ref> Elgin was warned by both Ponsonby and the [[India Office]] that the Queen gave his letters to the Munshi to read, and that consequently his correspondence to her should not be of a confidential nature.<ref>Basu, p. 125</ref> Victoria's advisors feared Karim's association with [[Rafiuddin Ahmed]], an Indian political activist resident in London who was connected to the Muslim Patriotic League. They suspected that Ahmed extracted confidential information from Karim to pass onto the [[Amir of Afghanistan]], [[Abdur Rahman Khan]].<ref>Basu, pp. 123–124; Hibbert, p. 448; Longford, pp. 535, 537</ref> There is no indication that these fears were well-founded, or that the Munshi was ever indiscreet.<ref>Basu, pp. 148–151; Longford, p. 540</ref>
[[File:Queen Victoria Vanity Fair 17 June 1897.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Victoria in a chaise|Queen Victoria on holiday in [[Cimiez]] in the south of France, by [[Jean Baptiste Guth]]]]
During the Queen's annual holiday in the French Riviera, in March 1895, the local newspapers ran articles on ''Le Munchy'', ''secrétaire indien'' and ''le professor de la Reine'', which according to Frederick Ponsonby were instigated by Karim.<ref>Basu, pp. 127–128</ref> In the Queen's [[1895 Birthday Honours]] that May, Karim was appointed a [[Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire]] (CIE),<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26628|date=25 May 1895|page=3080}}</ref> despite the opposition of both Rosebery and Fowler.<ref name=B130>Basu, p. 130</ref> Tyler was astonished by Karim's elevation when he visited England the following month.<ref name=B130/>

After the [[1895 United Kingdom general election]], Rosebery and Fowler were replaced by [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury|Lord Salisbury]] and [[Lord George Hamilton]] respectively. Hamilton thought Karim was not as dangerous as some supposed but that he was "a stupid man, and on that account he may become a tool in the hands of other men."<ref name=hamilton>Hamilton to Elgin, 21 February 1896, quoted in Basu, p. 137; Hibbert, p. 449 and Longford, p. 538</ref> In early 1896, Karim returned to India on six months' leave, and Hamilton and Elgin placed him under "unobtrusive" surveillance.<ref name=hamilton/> They dared not be too obvious lest the Munshi notice and complain to the Queen.<ref>Anand, pp. 71–74; Basu, p. 138</ref> Despite fears that Karim might meet with hostile agents, his visit home appears to have been uneventful.<ref>Anand, pp. 71–74</ref>

He left Bombay for Britain in August 1896, bringing with him his young nephew, Mohammed Abdul Rashid.<ref>Basu, p. 140</ref> Karim had no children of his own. Victoria had arranged for a [[Women in medicine|female doctor]] to examine the Munshi's wife in December 1893, as the couple had been trying to conceive without success.<ref>Basu, p. 108</ref> By 1897, according to Reid, Karim had [[gonorrhoea]].<ref>Basu, p. 141; Erickson, p. 246; Hibbert, p. 451</ref>

In March 1897 as members of the Household prepared to depart for [[Cimiez]] for the Queen's annual visit, they insisted that Karim not accompany the royal party, and decided to resign if he did so. When [[Harriet Phipps]], one of the Queen's [[Maid of honour|maids of honour]], informed her of the collective decision, the Queen swept the contents of her desk onto the floor in a fury.<ref>Basu, pp. 141–142; Hibbert, p. 451</ref> The Household backed down, but the holiday was marred by increased resentment and rows between the Household and Victoria. She thought their distrust and dislike of Karim was motivated by "race prejudice" and jealousy.<ref name=ponsonby3>Letter from Frederick Ponsonby to [[Henry Babington Smith]], 27 April 1897, quoted in Anand, pp. 76–77, Basu, p. 148 and Longford, p. 539</ref> When Rafiuddin Ahmed joined Karim in Cimiez, the Household forced him to leave, which Victoria thought "disgraceful", and she asked the prime minister to issue an apology to Ahmed, explaining he was only excluded because he had written articles in newspapers and pressmen were not permitted.<ref>Basu, p. 143; Longford, pp. 540–541</ref> Ponsonby wrote in late April, "[the Munshi] happens to be a thoroughly stupid and uneducated man, and his one idea in life seems to be to do nothing and to eat as much as he can."<ref name=ponsonby3/> Reid warned the Queen that her attachment to Karim had led to questions about her sanity,<ref>Basu, pp. 141–145; Hibbert, pp. 451–452</ref> and Hamilton telegraphed to Elgin requesting information on the Munshi and his family in an effort to discredit him.<ref name=B144>Basu, p. 144</ref> On receiving Elgin's reply that they were "Respectable and trustworthy ... but position of family humble",<ref name=B144/> Hamilton concluded "the Munshi has done nothing to my knowledge which is reprehensible or deserving of official stricture ... enquiries w[oul]d not be right, unless they were in connection with some definite statement or accusation." He did, however, authorise further investigation of the "Mohamedan intriguer named Rafiuddin".<ref>Hamilton to Elgin, 30 April 1897, quoted in Basu, p. 149</ref> Nothing was ever proven against Ahmed,<ref>Basu, pp. 147, 151, 172</ref> who later became a [[Bombay Presidency|Bombay government]] official and was knighted in 1932.<ref>Anand, p. 105</ref> The effect of the row, in Hamilton's words, was "to put him [the Munshi] more into his humble place, and his influence will not be the same in the future".<ref>Quoted in Basu, p. 150</ref> By September 1897, Karim had moved to [[Frogmore Cottage]] with his wife and father.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=Scientific American: Supplement|volume=XLIV|issue=1142|title=The Queen's Hindostani tutor|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5nQ3AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA18255|date=20 November 1897|publisher=Munn and Company|page=18255}}</ref><ref name="King2007">{{cite book|author=Greg King|title=Twilight of Splendor: The Court of Queen Victoria During Her Diamond Jubilee Year|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tNa57nc2S0wC|date=4 June 2007|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-470-04439-1|page=201}}</ref>

[[File:Queen Victoria and Abdul Karim.jpg|thumb|right|upright|alt=The Munshi stands over Victoria as she works at a desk|The Munshi arranged to have this photograph of himself with the Queen at Balmoral published in the [[Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria|Diamond Jubilee]] issue of ''[[The Graphic]]'', 1897.<ref>Basu, p. 162; Hibbert, p. 451</ref>]]

After the distress of 1897, Victoria sought to reassure the Munshi. "I have in my Testamentary arrangements secured your comfort," she wrote to him, "and have constantly thought of you well. The long letter I enclose which was written nearly a month ago is ''entirely'' and solely ''my own idea, not a human being will ever'' know of it or what you answer me. If you can't read it I will help you and then burn it ''at once''."<ref>Victoria to Karim, 12 February 1898, quoted in Anand, p. 96; Basu, p. 167 and Hibbert, p. 453</ref> She told Reid the squabbles placed her and the Munshi under strain, which he replied was unlikely in the latter's case "judging from his robust appearance and undiminished stoutness".<ref>Reid to Victoria, 23 September 1897, Basu, p. 161</ref> Lord Salisbury told Reid he thought it unlikely in her case too, and that she secretly enjoyed the arguments because they were "the only form of excitement she can have".<ref>Reid's diary, 18 February 1898, quoted in Basu, p. 169 and Hibbert, p. 454</ref>

Reid seems to have joined with the other Household members in complaining about the Munshi, for the Queen wrote to him, "I thought you stood between me and them, but now I feel that you chime in with the rest."<ref>Quoted in Anand, p. 101</ref> In 1899, members of the Household again insisted that Karim not accompany the royal party when the Queen took her annual holiday at Cimiez. The Queen duly had Karim remain at Windsor, then when the party had settled into the Excelsior Regina hotel, wired Karim to come and join them.<ref>Anand, p. 111</ref>

==Later life==
In late 1898 Karim's purchase of a parcel of land adjacent to his earlier grant was finalised; he had become a wealthy man.<ref>Basu, pp. 173, 192</ref> Reid claimed in his diary that he had challenged Karim over his financial dealings: "You have told the Queen that in India no receipts are given for money, and therefore you ought not to give any to Sir [[Fleetwood Edwards|F Edwards]] <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[Keeper of the Privy Purse]]<nowiki>]</nowiki>. This is a lie and means that you wish to ''cheat'' the Queen."<ref>Reid's diary, 4 April 1897, quoted in Basu, pp. 145–146 and Nelson, p. 110</ref> The Munshi told the Queen he would provide receipts in answer to the allegations, and Victoria wrote to Reid dismissing the accusations, calling them "shameful".<ref>Quoted in Basu, p. 161</ref>

Karim asked Victoria for the title of "[[Nawab]]", the Indian equivalent of a [[Peerage|peer]], and to appoint him a Knight Commander of the [[Order of the Indian Empire]] (KCIE), which would make him "Sir Abdul Karim". A horrified Elgin suggested instead that she make Karim a Member of the [[Royal Victorian Order]] (MVO), which was in her personal gift, bestowed no title, and would have little political implication in India.<ref>Basu, pp. 150–151</ref> Privy Purse Sir Fleetwood Edwards and Prime Minister Lord Salisbury advised against even the lower honour.<ref>Basu, p. 156</ref> Nevertheless, in 1899, on the occasion of her 80th birthday, Victoria appointed Karim a commander of the order (CVO), a rank intermediate between member and knight.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27084 |date=30 May 1899 |page=3427}}</ref>

The Munshi returned to India in November 1899 for a year. His father, Waziruddin, described as "a courtly old gentleman" by Elgin's replacement as Viceroy, [[George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston|Lord Curzon]], died in June 1900.<ref>Basu, pp. 178–179</ref> By the time Karim returned to Britain in November 1900 Victoria had visibly aged, and her health was failing. Within three months, she was dead.<ref>Basu, pp. 180–181</ref>

After Victoria's death, her son, [[Edward VII]], dismissed the Munshi and his relations from court and had them sent back to India. However, Edward did allow the Munshi to be the last to view Victoria's body before her casket was closed,<ref>Basu, p. 182; Hibbert, pp. 498; Rennell, p. 187</ref> and to be part of her funeral procession.<ref>Anand, p. 102</ref> Almost all of the correspondence between Victoria and Karim was burned on Edward's orders.<ref>Anand, p. 96; Basu, p. 185; Longford, pp. 541–542</ref> [[Mary Curzon, Baroness Curzon of Kedleston|Lady Curzon]] wrote on 9 August 1901,
<blockquote>[[Charlotte Knollys]] told me that the Munshi bogie which had frightened all the household at Windsor for many years had proved a ridiculous farce, as the poor man had not only given up ''all'' his letters but even the photos signed by Queen and had returned to India like a whipped hound. All the Indian servants have gone back so now there is no Oriental picture & queerness at Court.<ref>Quoted in Anand, p. 102</ref></blockquote>

In 1905–06, [[George V|George, Prince of Wales]], visited India and wrote to the King from Agra, "In the evening we saw the Munshi. He has not grown more beautiful and is getting fat. I must say he was most civil and humble and really pleased to see us. He wore his C.V.O. which I had no idea he had got. I am told he lives quietly here and gives no trouble at all."<ref>Quoted in Anand, pp. 103–104 and Basu, p. 192</ref>

The Munshi died at his home, Karim Lodge, on his estate in Agra on 20 April 1909.<ref>Basu, p. 193</ref> He was survived by two wives,<ref>Basu, p. 198</ref> and was interred in a pagoda-like [[mausoleum]] in the Panchkuin Kabaristan cemetery in Agra beside his father.<ref>Basu, p. 19</ref>

On the instructions of Edward VII, the Commissioner of Agra, W. H. Cobb, visited Karim Lodge to retrieve any remaining correspondence between the Munshi and the Queen or her Household, which was confiscated and sent to the King.<ref>Basu, pp. 197–199</ref> The Viceroy (by then [[Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto|Lord Minto]]), Lieutenant-Governor [[Sir John Hewett]], and India Office civil servants disapproved of the seizure, and recommended that the letters be returned.<ref>Basu, pp. 200–201</ref> Eventually the King returned four, on condition that they would be sent back to him on the death of the Munshi's first wife.<ref>Basu, p. 202</ref> Karim's family, who had emigrated to Pakistan during the [[Partition of India|Partition]], kept his diary and some of his correspondence from the time concealed until 2010, when it was made public.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/8349760/The-lost-diary-of-Queen-Victorias-final-companion.html|title=The lost diary of Queen Victoria's final companion|last=Leach|first=Ben|date=26 February 2011|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|access-date=26 September 2017}}</ref>

==Legacy==
As the Munshi had no children, his nephews and grandnephews inherited his wealth and properties. The Munshi's family continued to reside in Agra until [[Indian Independence Act 1947|Indian independence]] and the [[partition of India]] in August 1947, after which they emigrated to [[Karachi]], Pakistan. The estate, including Karim Lodge, was confiscated by the [[Indian government]] and distributed among Hindu refugees from Pakistan. Half of Karim Lodge was subsequently divided into two individual residences, with the remaining half becoming a nursing home and doctor's office.<ref>Basu, p. 206</ref>

Until the publication of Frederick Ponsonby's memoirs in 1951, there was little biographical material on the Munshi.<ref>Longford, p. 535</ref> Scholarly examination of his life and relationship with Victoria began around the 1960s,<ref>Longford, p. 536</ref> focusing on the Munshi as "an illustration of race and class prejudice in Victorian England".<ref name=odnb/> [[Mary Lutyens]], in editing the diary of her grandmother Edith (wife of [[Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton|Lord Lytton]], Viceroy of India 1876–80), concluded, "Though one can understand that the Munshi was disliked, as favourites nearly always are ... One cannot help feeling that the repugnance with which he was regarded by the Household was based mostly on snobbery and colour prejudice."<ref>Lutyens, Mary (1961) ''Lady Lytton's Court Diary 1895–1899'', London: Rupert Hart-Davis, p. 42</ref> Victoria biographer [[Elizabeth Pakenham, Countess of Longford|Elizabeth Longford]] wrote, "Abdul Karim stirred once more that same royal imagination which had magnified the virtues of John Brown ... Nevertheless, [it] insinuated into her confidence an inferior person, while it increased the nation's dizzy infatuation with an inferior dream, the dream of Colonial Empire."<ref>Longford, p. 502</ref>

Historians agree with the suspicions of her Household that the Munshi influenced the Queen's opinions on Indian issues, biasing her against Hindus and favouring Muslims.<ref>e.g. Longford, p. 541; Plumb, p. 281</ref> But suspicions that he passed secrets to Rafiuddin Ahmed are discounted. Victoria asserted that "''no'' political papers of any kind are ever in the Munshi's hands, ''even'' in her presence. He only helps her to read words which she cannot read or merely ordinary submissions on warrants for signature. He does not read English fluently enough to be able to read anything of importance."<ref>Victoria to Salisbury, 17 July 1897, quoted in Longford, p. 540</ref> Consequently, it is thought unlikely that he could have influenced the government's Indian policy or provided useful information to Muslim activists.<ref name=odnb>{{cite ODNB| author=Visram, Rozina | year=2004 |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/42022 | title=Karim, Abdul (1862/3–1909)| doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/42022}}</ref>

The 2017 feature film ''[[Victoria & Abdul]]'', directed by [[Stephen Frears]] and starring [[Ali Fazal]] as Abdul Karim and [[Judi Dench]] as Queen Victoria, offers a fictionalised version of the relationship between Karim and the Queen.<ref name="vanity fair"/><ref name="al-khadi">{{cite news|last1=Al-Khadi|first1=Amrou|title=Victoria and Abdul is another dangerous example of British filmmakers whitewashing colonialism|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/victoria-and-abdul-white-wash-british-empire-colonialism-poverty-slavery-a7950541.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917205915/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/victoria-and-abdul-white-wash-british-empire-colonialism-poverty-slavery-a7950541.html |archive-date=2017-09-17 |url-access=limited |url-status=live|access-date=24 September 2017|work=The Independent|date=16 September 2017}}</ref>

==Notes and references==
{{Reflist|20em}}

===Bibliography===
* Anand, Sushila (1996) ''Indian Sahib: Queen Victoria's Dear Abdul'', London: Gerald Duckworth & Co., {{ISBN|0-7156-2718-X}}
* [[Shrabani Basu|Basu, Shrabani]] (2010) ''Victoria and Abdul: The True Story of the Queen's Closest Confidant'', Stroud, Gloucestershire: The History Press, {{ISBN|978-0-7524-5364-4}}
* [[Christopher Hibbert|Hibbert, Christopher]] (2000) ''Queen Victoria: A Personal History'', London: HarperCollins, {{ISBN|0-00-638843-4}}
* [[Elizabeth Pakenham, Countess of Longford|Longford, Elizabeth]] (1964) ''Victoria R.I.'', London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, {{ISBN|0-297-17001-5}}
* Nelson, Michael (2007) ''Queen Victoria and the Discovery of the Riviera'', London: Tauris Parke Paperbacks, {{ISBN|978-1-84511-345-2}}
* [[John H. Plumb|Plumb, J. H.]] (1977) ''Royal Heritage: The Story of Britain's Royal Builders and Collectors'', London: BBC, {{ISBN|0-563-17082-4}}
* Rennell, Tony (2000) ''Last Days of Glory: The Death of Queen Victoria'', New York: St. Martin's Press, {{ISBN|0-312-30286-X}}
* Waller, Maureen (2006) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=_9XGZ3cjaUoC&pg=PR4 Sovereign Ladies: The Six Reigning Queens of England]'', New York: St. Martin's Press, {{ISBN|0-312-33801-5}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
*[http://www.channel4.com/programmes/queen-victorias-last-love/4od ''Queen Victoria's Last Love''], [[Channel 4]] 2012 documentary narrated by [[Geoffrey Palmer (actor)|Geoffrey Palmer]], about Queen Victoria (played by Veronica Clifford) and the Munshi (played by Kushal Pal Singh)
*[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2332889/ ''Queen Victoria's Last Love'' (2012)], details of the above documentary at the [[Internet Movie Database]]
*[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-12670110 Queen Victoria and Abdul: Diaries reveal secrets], BBC News, 14 March 2011
*[http://www.bl.uk/learning/histcitizen/asians/empire/theempire.html Abdul Karim, who taught Queen Victoria Hindustani] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214113843/http://www.bl.uk/learning/histcitizen/asians/empire/theempire.html |date=14 December 2014 }}, British Library, Asians in Britain collection
*[http://www.queenvictoriasjournals.org/browse/displayNameRecord.do?personID=000065 Entries mentioning Abdul Karim in Queen Victoria's Journals], hosted by the Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford

{{Queen Victoria}}
{{Authority control}}
{{featured article}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Karim, Abdul}}
[[Category:1863 births]]
[[Category:1909 deaths]]
[[Category:British royal favourites]]
[[Category:British servants]]
[[Category:People from British India]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:Indian Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order]]
[[Category:Court of Queen Victoria]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:People from Jhansi district]]
[[Category:Royal tutors]]

Chitty

2026-03-27T07:58:24Z

SharePoint Press: cleaned up structure after review and corrected details per sources

{{Short description|Tamil ethnic group}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Chitty Peranakan Chitty
| pop = '''~5000'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://roots.sg/learn/stories/chetti-melaka|title=Chetti Melaka of the Straits - Rediscovering Peranakan Indian Communities|website=www.roots.sg|access-date=15 June 2020|archive-date=11 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811073502/https://www.roots.sg/learn/stories/chetti-melaka|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| popplace = ([[Melaka]]){{·}}[[Singapore]]
| region1 = {{Flag|Vietnam}}
| pop1 = {{circa}} [[Tamils in Vietnam|0]] ([[Indians in Vietnam#After the Fall of Saigon|after the 1975 incident]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://havutrongarchives.blogspot.com/2017/01/cong-ong-cha-chetty-o-sai-gon-xua.html|title=Cộng đồng "Chà Chetty" ở Sài Gòn xưa|year=2017}}</ref>
| langs = [[Malaysian language|Malay]] ([[Malay Chetty creole language|Chitty Malay]]){{·}}English
| related = [[Tamils]]{{·}}[[Telugus]]{{·}}[[Malays (ethnic group)|Malays]]{{·}}[[Mamak people|Mamaks]]{{·}}[[Peranakan]]{{·}}[[Indian Malaysians]]{{·}}[[Indian Singaporeans]]
| rels = [[Hinduism]]
}}

The '''Chitty''', also known as the '''Chetty''' or '''Chetti Melaka''', are an ethnic group whose members are of primarily [[Tamils|Tamil]] descent, found mainly and initially in [[Melaka]], [[Malaysia]], where they settled around the 16th century, and in [[Singapore]] where they migrated to in the 18th and 19th centuries from Melaka. Also known colloquially as "Indian Peranakans", the culture of the Chitty has drawn significant influence from the [[Nusantara (term)|Nusantara]] region and to a small extent the Chinese, whilst also retaining their Hindu faith and heritage.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/cnainsider/meet-chetti-melaka-peranakan-indians-striving-save-culture-hindu-10849258|title=Meet the Chetti Melaka, or Peranakan Indians, striving to save their vanishing culture|website=CNA}}</ref> In the 21st century, their population stands at 2,000. The Chitty/Chetti community are different from [[Chettiar]], bankers brought from [[Tamil Nadu]] to [[British Malaya]]. They are practising Hindus.

==Language==
Like the [[Peranakans]], the Chitty speak a [[Malay language|Malay]] patois proper to their community, which is mixed with many Tamil loan words. Despite having Tamil ancestry, the Chettis don't speak [[Tamil language|Tamil]].

==History==
[[File:Chitty Museum.JPG|thumb|[[Chitty Museum]] in Melaka.]]

Historical records stated that the Tamil traders from Panai in [[Tamil Nadu]] settled down in [[Melaka]] during the sovereignty of the [[Sultanate of Malacca]]. Like the [[Peranakan]]s, they later settled down and freely intermingled with the local Malays and Chinese of Malay and Tamil ancestry settlers. However, with the fall of the [[Sultanate of Malacca|Malacca Sultanate]] after 1511, the Chitty eventually lost touch with their native land.

Under the administration of the [[Portuguese Malacca|Portuguese]], [[Dutch Malacca|Dutch]] and [[Straits Settlements|British colonizers]], the Chitty eventually began simplifying their culture and customs by adopting local customs. This can be evidenced in the architecture of the [[Sri Poyatha Moorthi Temple]], which was built by Thaivanayagam Pillay, the leader of the Chitty people, in 1781 after the Dutch colonial government gave him a plot of land. At that period, a Chitty neighbourhood was probably set up around that temple, in the street known as Goldsmith Street.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=De Witt |first=Dennis |title=History of the Dutch in Malaysia |publisher=Nutmeg Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=9789834351939 |edition=2nd |page=153 |oclc=973774027}}</ref>

During the [[Second World War]], the threat of Japanese soldiers rape against Chitty girls led Chitty families to let Eurasians, Chinese and full blooded Indians to marry Chitty girls and stop practicing endogamy.<ref>{{cite book |last=Pillai |first=Patrick |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uh1qDwAAQBAJ&dq="Chitty+girls+being+hastily"&pg=PP66 |title=Yearning to Belong |date=2016 |publisher=Flipside Digital Content Company Inc. |isbn=978-9814762007 |page=47}}</ref>

The traditional Chitty settlement is located at Kampung Tujuh along Jalan Gajah Berang, which is also inhabited by a small number of Chinese of Tamilian ancestry and Malays as well. Many of the Chitty have since found jobs in [[Singapore]] and other parts of [[Malaysia]].

The ethnic identity of the Chitty is nearly lost. As many of them are assimilating into the mainstream [[Indian diaspora|Indian]], [[Overseas Chinese|Chinese]] and [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malay]] ethnic communities culturally, this small but distinct group of people that has survived for centuries is now on the brink of extinction.

Exhibition of Peranakan Chitty history, antiques and culture can be seen at the [[Chitty Museum]] in Chitty Village, [[Melaka]], [[Malaysia]]. Recently in 2013, there were controversies of development at the expense of demolishing part of Kampung Chitty, a historical and cultural village.<ref name="Peranakan Chitty">{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/now-development-threatens-historical-site-in-malacca |title=Now, development threatens historical site in Malacca |publisher=The Malaysian Insider |access-date=14 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221113723/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/now-development-threatens-historical-site-in-malacca |archive-date=21 February 2014 |df=dmy }}</ref> A proposal to construct a condominium, a hotel and a road cutting through the village are seen as a threat affecting the residents and a temple built in 1827.<ref name="Kampung Chitty">{{cite web |url=http://my.news.yahoo.com/39-road-kg-chitty-could-destroy-homes-39-043200736.html |title=Road through Kg Chitty could destroy homes |publisher=Yahoo! News |access-date=14 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302014551/http://my.news.yahoo.com/39-road-kg-chitty-could-destroy-homes-39-043200736.html |archive-date=2 March 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Religion==
[[Image:Sri Poyatha.jpg|thumb|[[Sri Poyatha Moorthi Temple]] in [[Melaka]].]]
The Chitty are a tightly knit community of Saivite [[Hindus]],<ref>{{cite book|author=Shiv Shanker Tiwary & P.S. Choudhary|title=Encyclopaedia Of Southeast Asia And Its Tribes (Set Of 3 Vols.)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YdEjAQAAIAAJ&q=Encyclopaedia+Of+Southeast+Asia+And+Its+Tribes+(Set+Of+3+Vols.)|year=2009|publisher=Anmol Publications|isbn=978-81-261-3837-1}}</ref> worshipping in their three temples. Gods such as [[Ganesha]] and [[Shiva]] are worshipped in full gaiety. Hints of [[Taoist]] and [[Islamic]] influences are also evident in their religious rituals. As staunch believers of the Hindu faith, the
Melakan Chitty community still upholds their religious ceremonies. They observe [[Deepavali]], [[Ponggal]], the Hindu New Year, [[Navratri]] and other traditional Hindu festivals that are celebrated by Hindu groups in Malaysia. However, the Chitty do not participate in [[Thaipusam]] at a grand level like most Hindu groups. During the month of May they have a similar festival to Thaipusam in their local temple called Mengamay. One celebration that is unique to the Chitty community is the Parchu festival. It is celebrated twice a year with Parchu Ponggal (Bhogi) observed the day before Ponggal in January and Parchu Buah-buahan during the fruit season between June and July.

==Culture==
[[File:Chitti Village.JPG|thumb|Chitty Village in Melaka.]]

Culturally, the Chitty have largely assimilated into the Malay culture with some Chinese, Dutch and Portuguese influences, although certain elements of Indian culture do remain. This is especially true in the case of marriages, where offerings of fruits and burning of incense are used. In the case of food, Malay spices, ingredients and the way of cooking have largely supplanted the Indian style.

Chinese cultural influence on the Chetty is also evident, especially in the case of ancestral worship. Religious objects used for conducting rituals were also used by the Chinese. The Chitty are also influenced by the Chinese to some extent in their ceramics works of art.

Simplification of Tamil architecture among the Chitty is also present. Distinct from the modern Tamil Nadu, known for its complex Tamizh Temple Architecture in the early pandya, medieval chozha/ chera& late Nayaka dynasties/Vijayanagara], that displays beautifully carved out sculptures of the Hindu gods in many rows, the Chitty temple tend to only have one row of these, or a picture of one single god in each of the three rows, as evidenced in the [[Sri Poyatha Moorthi Temple]], built by Thaivanayagam Chitty in 1781. The Chitty temples also demonstrate the adoption of some Dutch colonial architectural influences.<ref name=":0" />

==Dress and lifestyle==
Most of the Chitty have adopted the Malay costume. In the case of men, a comfortable [[sarong]] and Malay shirt may be worn, although a [[songkok]] may also be worn. Women, on the other hand, wear a similar costume that are similar to the [[Peranakan]] Nonya.

Alongside their [[Han Chinese|Chinese]] of [[Tamilian]] ancestry and Malay neighbours, the Chitty live in [[kampung|Kampong]] houses. Pictures of [[Hindu]] gods and [[Indian name]]s can be seen just outside their houses, as their descendants tend to adopt [[Languages of India|Indian]], rather than Malay surnames.

A typical Chitty home is distinctly marked by mango leaves arranged in a row, dangling from above the front door. Chitty temples are also adorned this way.

This is the old tradition still followed in Tamil Nadu from ancient period during functions.

==Notable Chitty==
* [[Raja Mudaliar]]
* Thevanaigam Veerasimir Chitty 'David/Baba'
* Chaitanya Anand

==See also==
* [[Mamak people]]
* [[Peranakan]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{Cite book
| last = Dhoraisingam
| first = Samuel S.
| year = 2006
| title = Peranakan Indians of Singapore and Melaka: Indian Babas and Nonyas - Chitty Melaka
| publisher = Institute of Southeast Asian Studies
| location = Singapore
| isbn= 981-230-346-4
}}

==External links==
* [http://www.tamilnation.co/culture/architecture/temple.htm Tamil Dravidian Architecture]

{{Indian diaspora}}
{{Ethnic groups in Malaysia}}
{{Indians in Malaysia}}
{{Portal bar|Malaysia|Tamil|Society}}

[[Category:Chitty people|*]]
[[Category:Tamil diaspora in Malaysia]]
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83 (film)

2026-03-26T21:32:29Z

SharePoint Press: expanded information per sources for accuracy

{{short description|2021 film directed by Kabir Khan}}
{{Distinguish|1983 (film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = 83
| image = 83 film poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]]
| producer = Kabir Khan [[Vishnu Vardhan Induri]] [[Sajid Nadiadwala]] [[Deepika Padukone]]
| writer = Kabir Khan [[Sanjay Puran Singh Chauhan]] [[Vasan Bala]]
{{Infobox | decat=yes | child=yes | label1=Dialogues by | data1=Kabir Khan [[Sumit Arora]]}}
| based_on =
| starring = {{ubl|[[Ranveer Singh]]|Deepika Padukone|[[Pankaj Tripathi]]|[[Jiiva]]|[[Tahir Raj Bhasin]]|[[Saqib Saleem]]|[[Jatin Sarna]]|[[Chirag Patil]]|Dinker Sharma|Nishant Dahiya|[[Harrdy Sandhu]]|[[Sahil Khattar]]|[[Ammy Virk]]|[[Adinath Kothare]]|[[Dhairya Karwa]]|R. Badree}}
| narrator = 
| music = '''Songs:''' [[Pritam]] '''Score:''' [[Julius Packiam]]
| cinematography = [[Aseem Mishra]]
| editing = Nitin Baid
| studio = [[Reliance Entertainment]] [[Phantom Films]] Vibri Media KA Productions [[Nadiadwala Grandson Entertainment]] Kabir Khan Films
| distributor = [[PVR Pictures]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2021|12|15|[[Red Sea International Film Festival]]|2021|12|24|India|ref1=<ref name="premiere"/>|ref2=<ref name="release date">{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ranveer-singh-starrer-83%e2%80%b2-set-release-christmas/ |title=Ranveer Singh starrer "83" set to release this Christmas |date=26 September 2021 |work=Bollywood Hungama |language=en-US |access-date=26 September 2021 |archive-date=26 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926101150/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ranveer-singh-starrer-83%E2%80%B2-set-release-christmas/ |url-status=live}}</ref>}}
| runtime = 160 minutes<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/83-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc00odg0oti |title=83 (Film) |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |access-date=21 December 2021 |archive-date=22 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222152348/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/83-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc00odg0oti |url-status=live}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = {{Plainlist|
*Hindi
*English}}
| budget = {{INR|225–270 [[crore]]}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Understanding the economics of Ranveer Singh-starrer 83: Reliance Entertainment suffers a loss of nearly Rs. 22 cr.|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/understanding-economics-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-reliance-entertainment-suffers-loss-nearly-rs-22-cr/|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=22 February 2022 |access-date=16 October 2022|quote=Made at a budget of Rs. 240 cr. (COP - Rs. 193 cr. P&A - Rs. 15 cr., Interest cost - Rs. 30 cr.), Excluding the P&A cost the budget is ₹225 crore.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Subhash K Jha|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/why-83-underperformed-at-the-box-office-more-docudrama-than-masala-high-ticket-prices-no-youth-connect-third-wave-10255671.html|title=Why 83 underperformed at the box office: More docudrama than masala, high ticket prices, no youth connect, third wave|work=Firstpost|date=4 January 2022|access-date=30 January 2022|archive-date=30 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130230234/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/why-83-underperformed-at-the-box-office-more-docudrama-than-masala-high-ticket-prices-no-youth-connect-third-wave-10255671.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR|193.73 crore}}<ref name="bo">{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/83/box-office/ |title=83 Box Office |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=24 December 2021 |access-date=12 March 2022 |archive-date=11 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311085210/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/83/box-office/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
'''''83''''' is a 2021 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Biographical film|biographical]] [[sports film|sports drama]] film written and directed by [[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]] and produced by [[Deepika Padukone]], Kabir Khan, [[Vishnu Vardhan Induri]] and [[Sajid Nadiadwala]].<ref>{{cite news|date=15 May 2019|title=Sajid Nadiadwala and Madhu Mantena join hands for Ranveer Singh's '83|work=DNA|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-sajid-nadiadwala-and-madhu-mantena-join-hands-for-ranveer-singh-s-83-2749261|url-status=live|access-date=15 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515020405/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-sajid-nadiadwala-and-madhu-mantena-join-hands-for-ranveer-singh-s-83-2749261|archive-date=15 May 2019}}</ref>
Based on the [[India national cricket team]] led by [[Kapil Dev]], which won the [[1983 Cricket World Cup]], and jointly written by Khan, along with [[Sanjay Puran Singh Chauhan]], Vasan Bala and [[Sumit Arora]], it features an [[ensemble cast]] including [[Ranveer Singh]], [[Deepika Padukone]], [[Pankaj Tripathi]], [[Tahir Raj Bhasin]], [[Jiiva]], [[Saqib Saleem]], [[Jatin Sarna]], [[Chirag Patil]], Dinker Sharma, Nishant Dahiya, [[Harrdy Sandhu]], [[Sahil Khattar]], [[Ammy Virk]], [[Adinath Kothare]], [[Dhairya Karwa]] and R. Badree.

[[Vishnu Vardhan Induri]] who first owned the rights for the film and [[Madhu Mantena]], the co-producer in Phantom Films, formally met the Indian squad of 1983 during mid-July 2016, and its frontman [[Kapil Dev]], where they signed a [[Memorandum of understanding]] (MoU) to make the official biopic.<ref name=":19">{{cite web|date=13 July 2016|title=Anurag Kashyap's Phantom Films producing movie on India's '83 World Cup win|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/anurag-kashyap-s-phantom-films-producing-movie-on-india-s-83-world-cup-win/story-vavZHtYsLec9RVYSoADMrO.html|access-date=24 December 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=24 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224145636/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/anurag-kashyap-s-phantom-films-producing-movie-on-india-s-83-world-cup-win/story-vavZHtYsLec9RVYSoADMrO.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2017, [[Reliance Entertainment]] co-financed the project and officially announced the biopic with members of the winning team, with Singh and Khan brought on board.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ranveer Singh at the launch of movie 83|url=https://www.news18.com/photogallery/movies/ranveer-singh-at-the-launch-of-movie-83-film-1529741.html|access-date=25 December 2021|website=News18|language=en|archive-date=25 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225110205/https://www.news18.com/photogallery/movies/ranveer-singh-at-the-launch-of-movie-83-film-1529741.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Following an extensive casting and pre-production process, the film began [[principal photography]] on 5 June 2019, where it was majorly shot in and around England for three months and a brief schedule took place in India, before filming being [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped up]] on 7 October.<ref>{{cite web|date=19 February 2019|title=1983 Cricket World Cup Movie: Who is playing whom in the Ranveer Singh-starrer|url=https://m.mid-day.com/amp/articles/1983-cricket-world-cup-movie-whos-playing-who-in-the-ranveer-singh-starrer/20434182?|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190224174037/https://m.mid-day.com/articles/1983-cricket-world-cup-movie-whos-playing-who-in-the-ranveer-singh-starrer/20434182|archive-date=24 February 2019|access-date=24 February 2019|website=midday}}</ref>

Originally scheduled for a theatrical release in April 2020, the film was delayed several times due to the casting and pre-production works that delayed filming, and also due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]], resulting in the film being delayed until December 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|date=21 March 2020|title=Ranveer Singh starrer 83 officially postponed amid Coronavirus outbreak|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ranveer-singh-starrer-83-officially-postponed-amid-coronavirus-outbreak/|url-status=live|access-date=26 November 2021|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|archive-date=26 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126071214/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ranveer-singh-starrer-83-officially-postponed-amid-coronavirus-outbreak/}}</ref><ref name="postponed2">{{cite web|date=23 May 2021|title=Sooryavanshi, No Time To Die, 83, Brahmastra and Other Films Still Delayed Amid Coronavirus|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/sooryavanshi-no-time-to-die-83-brahmastra-and-other-films-still-delayed-amid-coronavirus-3766934.html|access-date=24 December 2021|publisher=[[News18]]|archive-date=24 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224092924/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/sooryavanshi-no-time-to-die-83-brahmastra-and-other-films-still-delayed-amid-coronavirus-3766934.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It premiered at the [[Red Sea International Film Festival]] on 15 December and released worldwide on 24 December 2021 ([[Christmas Eve]]) in conventional 2D and [[3D film|3D]] formats, distributed by [[PVR Pictures]] in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Malayalam]] and [[Kannada]] languages, apart from the original version. The film received widespread acclaim from critics and audiences alike, praising the performances of the cast, screenplay, direction and technical aspects. However, the film was [[box-office disappointment|unsuccessful at the Indian box office]], although it became the highest grossing Hindi film of 2021 overseas.<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 December 2021|title=83 Movie Review: FIVE reasons why you should not miss Kabir Khan's sports drama starring Ranveer Singh|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/83-five-reasons-why-you-should-not-miss-kabir-khans-sports-drama-starring-ranveer-singh/photostory/88444588.cms|access-date=25 December 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=25 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225152519/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/83-five-reasons-why-you-should-not-miss-kabir-khans-sports-drama-starring-ranveer-singh/photostory/88444588.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

At the [[67th Filmfare Awards]], ''83'' received 14 nominations, including [[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]] (Khan), [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] (Tripathi) and [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]] (Arijit Singh for "Lehra Do"), and won two awards – [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] (Ranveer Singh) and [[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]] (Munir for "Lehra Do").

== Plot ==
In 1983 [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]] officials in [[Mumbai]] are invited to the Cricket World Cup. The team arrive London where they witness the [[West Indies Cricket Team]] being hounded by paparazzi.

Despite abysmal performance in warm-up matches, Indian captain [[Kapil Dev]] tells the press they are here to win. At a [[Buckingham Palace]] reception, [[Elizabeth II|the Queen]] wishes the teams luck. Dev gives the team an inspirational speech in his novice English.

India is in Group B alongside [[Australian Cricket Team|Australia]], West Indies, and [[Zimbabwe Cricket Team|Zimbabwe]]. India unexpectedly wins against West Indies at [[Old Trafford Cricket Ground|Old Trafford]]. [[Yashpal Sharma (cricketer)|Yashpal Sharma]] is Player of the Match for his 89 runs - the highest by an Indian cricketer at the time. They win their next match against [[Zimbabwe national cricket team|Zimbabwe]]at [[Grace Road, Leicester]]. [[Sandeep Patil]] scores a [[Century (cricket)|half-century]] and [[Madan Lal]] is Player of the Match.

The team loses badly against Australia. [[Sunil Gavaskar]] is unable to play due to a leg injury.

In the West Indies match, [[Viv Richards]] scores 119 runs off 146 [[Delivery (cricket)|deliveries]]. In a violent second [[innings]] [[Malcolm Marshall]] bowls bouncers. [[Dilip Vengsarkar]] is hit on the chin and has seven stitches. [[Mohinder Amarnath]] scores 80 runs but India lose by 66 runs.

The team's morale is depressed as Vengsarkar's injury rules him out of remaining matches and the team bus is blocked by celebrating West Indies crowds, but a young boy waving an Indian flag raises their spirits.

The Zimbabwe match on 18 June at [[Nevill Ground]] will be India's last of the tournament if they lose. The cricketers' wives come and Gavaskar is back in the team. India opens shakily with nine runs for four [[wicket]]s. Dev starts scoring but the wickets keep falling. After lunch, Dev takes the [[Mongoose bat]] and hits boundaries. He is confused to receive a standing ovation for a single, until congratulated by the umpire for having broken the world record. India wins by 31 runs. It is the first century by an Indian in a [[One Day International]] match.

At the High Commissioner's party [[Krishnamachari Srikkanth]] jokes that everyone thought Dev was mad for saying they would beat the West Indies, but would now only be happy holding the World Cup.

India easily beats Australia by 118 runs at [[County Ground, Chelmsford]], with [[Roger Binny]] named Player of the Match. Indian Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]] orders that every town and village in the country get television service for the semi-final against [[England National Cricket Team|England]].

English batsmen score heavily to start. [[Balwinder Sandhu]]'s bowling suffers from his fiancée having ended their engagement. [[Kirti Azad]] takes [[Ian Botham]]'s wicket. England is 213 [[End of an innings|all out]]. In the second inning Amarnath and [[Yashpal Sharma (cricketer)|Yashpal Sharma]] build runs until Amarnath is [[run out]]. During the partnership of Dev and Patil, Patil hits a four to qualify India for the finals. Amarnath is named Player of the Match.

India faces the West Indies again in the final on 25 June at [[Lord's]]. Gavaskar is [[Dismissal (cricket)|dismissed]] for two runs, Srikkanth scores 38. India is all out for 183, the lowest score in the World Cup final. Dev inspires his team to restrict the West Indies score.

In the second inning, Sandhu gives India a lead taking the wicket of [[Gordon Greenidge]]. Richards launches a barrage of boundaries off Madan Lal's bowling, until Richards lofts in the air for six but is caught out by Dev. West Indies wickets fall rapidly. With West Indies nine wickets down, Amarnath bowls to last batsman [[Michael Holding]]. The ball [[leg before wicket|hits his pads]]. Amarnath, the team, and the crowd roar "[[Appeal (cricket)|Howzat?]]" Holding is given out and India wins the World Cup. The squad rushes to the dressing rooms as the crowd invades and celebrations begin in India. A young [[Sachin Tendulkar]] in Mumbai promises he will play cricket for India. Amarnath is named Player of the Match and Dev, with the Indian team, lifts the trophy.

The real Kapil Dev gives his experience of winning the World Cup as the credits roll.

== Cast ==
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}

* [[Ranveer Singh]] as [[Kapil Dev]] a.k.a. "Kaps": The captain of the Indian Cricket Team at the [[1983 Cricket World Cup]]
* [[Deepika Padukone]] as Romi Bhatia Dev, Kapil's wife
* [[Pankaj Tripathi]] as [[PR Man Singh]]: Manager of the Indian Cricket Team at the 1983 World Cup<ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/RelianceEnt/status/1093381845230641157 |title=The man of the moment, @TripathiiPankaj, will inspire everyone with his role of #ManSingh. #CastOf83 |date=7 February 2019 |publisher=Reliance Entertainment Twitter |access-date=18 February 2019 |archive-date=7 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507064226/https://twitter.com/RelianceEnt/status/1093381845230641157 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Tahir Raj Bhasin]] as [[Sunil Gavaskar|Sunil "Sunny" Gavaskar]] a.k.a. "Little Master"<ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/RelianceEnt/status/1095903466495533056 |title=He loves challenges and that's why he is a part of '83, playing the role of the legendary #SunilGavaskar aka Sunny. #CastOf83 |date=14 February 2019 |publisher=Reliance Entertainment Twitter |access-date=18 February 2019 |archive-date=15 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915040521/https://twitter.com/RelianceEnt/status/1095903466495533056 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Jiiva]] as [[Krishnamachari Srikkanth]] aka "Cheeka"<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/jiiva-to-play-kris-srikkanth/article26159408.ece |title=Jiiva Choudary to play Krishnamachari Srikkanth in '83' |first=Udhav |last=Naig |date=2 February 2019 |newspaper=The Hindu |access-date=30 January 2020 |archive-date=13 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200913192106/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/jiiva-to-play-kris-srikkanth/article26159408.ece |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/RelianceEnt/status/1090472349848104960 |title=Tamil actor @Actorjiivachoudary is batting at no.2 as he gets into the shoes of @KrisSrikkanth, the top scorer of the '83 World Cup Final. #CastOf83 |date=30 January 2019 |publisher=Reliance Entertainment Twitter |access-date=18 February 2019 |archive-date=23 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623210907/https://twitter.com/RelianceEnt/status/1090472349848104960 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Saqib Saleem]] as [[Mohinder Amarnath|Mohinder "Jimmy" Amarnath]] aka "Jimpa"<ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/RelianceEnt/status/1097357897384640515 |title=Rock-solid batsman #MohinderAmarnath will be played by the talented @Saqibsaleem. #CastOf83 |date=18 February 2019 |publisher=Reliance Entertainment Twitter |access-date=18 February 2019 |archive-date=16 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200916042423/https://twitter.com/RelianceEnt/status/1097357897384640515 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Jatin Sarna]] as [[Yashpal Sharma (cricketer)|Yashpal "Yash" Sharma]]<ref name="toi"/>
* [[Chirag Patil]] as [[Sandeep Patil|Sandeep "Sandy" Patil]] aka "Patla" <ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/RelianceEnt/status/1092279406851121152 |title=@IamChiragpatil, son of cricketer #SandeepPatil, will play his father in '83. #CastOf83 |date=4 February 2019 |publisher=Reliance Entertainment Twitter |access-date=18 February 2019 |archive-date=23 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623210914/https://twitter.com/RelianceEnt/status/1092279406851121152 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* Dinker Sharma as [[Kirti Azad]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ranveer Singh introduces Dinker Sharma as Kirti Azad in '83' character poster |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/ranveer-singh-introduces-dinker-sharma-as-kirti-azad-in-83-character-poster-120011600701_1.html |access-date=21 March 2021 |archive-date=18 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200118011628/https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/ranveer-singh-introduces-dinker-sharma-as-kirti-azad-in-83-character-poster-120011600701_1.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ranveer Singh introduces Dinker Sharma as Kirti Azad in '83' |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/bollywood/ranveer-singh-introduces-dinker-sharma-as-kirti-azad-in-83 |access-date=21 March 2021 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en |archive-date=24 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024064930/https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/bollywood/ranveer-singh-introduces-dinker-sharma-as-kirti-azad-in-83 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* Nishant Dahiya as [[Roger Binny]]<ref name="toi"/>
*[[Harrdy Sandhu]] as [[Madan Lal]] aka "Madipa" <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/saqib-saleem-and-harrdy-sandhu-join-the-cast-of-ranveer-singhs-83_-32576.html |title=Saqib Saleem and Harrdy Sandhu join the cast of Ranveer Singh's '83 |last=Pathak |first=Vedanshi |date=18 February 2019 |website=Filmfare |access-date=23 February 2019 |archive-date=2 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302090612/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/saqib-saleem-and-harrdy-sandhu-join-the-cast-of-ranveer-singhs-83_-32576.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/RelianceEnt/status/1103151468406861824 |title=Punjab's heartthrob @HARRDYSANDHU is prepping to play gritty all-rounder #MadanLal. #CastOf83 @RanveerOfficial @kabirkhankk #MadhuMantena @vishinduri @83thefilm #Relive83 |publisher=Reliance Entertainment Twitter |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-date=14 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614142206/https://twitter.com/RelianceEnt/status/1103151468406861824 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Sahil Khattar]] as [[Syed Kirmani]] aka "Kiri" <ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/RelianceEnt/status/1091245695686795264 |title=YouTube star @issahilkhattar is a part of '83 and he will be playing none other than #SyedKirmani in the film. #CastOf83 |date=1 February 2019 |publisher=Reliance Entertainment Twitter |access-date=18 February 2019 |archive-date=23 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623210906/https://twitter.com/RelianceEnt/status/1091245695686795264 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Ammy Virk]] as [[Balwinder Sandhu|Balwinder Singh Sandhu]] aka "Ballu"<ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/RelianceEnt/status/1087944977945112577 |title=Punjabi star @AmmyVirk will play #BalwinderSinghSandhu, who knocked out Gordon Greenidge in the '83 World Cup final. #CastOf83 |date=23 January 2019 |publisher=Reliance Entertainment Twitter |access-date=18 February 2019 |archive-date=23 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623210911/https://api.twitter.com/1.1/jot/client_event.json |url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Adinath Kothare]] as [[Dilip Vengsarkar]] a.k.a. "Colonel"<ref>{{cite tweet |user=taran_adarsh |first=Taran |last=Adarsh |date=30 March 2019 |number=1111849385237852160 |title=Adinath Kothare to essay the role of #DilipVengsarkar in #83TheFilm... Stars Ranveer Singh as #KapilDev... Directed by Kabir Khan... Presented by Reliance Entertainment... Produced by Madhu Mantena, Vishnu Induri, Kabir Khan... #CastOf83 #Relive83 https://t.co/eOSCEvYtx8}}</ref>
* [[Dhairya Karwa]] as [[Ravi Shastri]]<ref name="toi">{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/new-actors-join-the-squad-for-kabir-khans-83-movie/articleshow/68120872.cms |website=Times of India |title=New actors join the squad for Kabir Khan's '83 movie |date=23 February 2019 |access-date=23 February 2019 |last=Dubey |first=Rachana |archive-date=23 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223154217/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/new-actors-join-the-squad-for-kabir-khans-83-movie/articleshow/68120872.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
* R Badree as [[Sunil Valson]] alias "Vally" <ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/taran_adarsh/status/1110756944963239938 |title=R Badree, who has worked in South Indian films, to essay the role of #SunilValson in #83TheFilm... Stars Ranveer Singh as #KapilDev... Directed by Kabir Khan... Presented by Reliance Entertainment... Produced by Madhu Mantena, Vishnu Induri, Kabir Khan... #CastOf83 #Relive83 |access-date=27 March 2019 |archive-date=17 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417095503/https://twitter.com/taran_adarsh/status/1110756944963239938 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Neena Gupta]] as Rajkumari Nikhanj, Kapil's mother
* [[Boman Irani]] as [[Farokh Engineer]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/taran_adarsh/status/1166223949497159680 |title=Boman Irani to enact the part of Farokh Engineer in #83TheFilm... Stars Ranveer Singh as #KapilDev... Directed by Kabir Khan... 10 April 2020 release. #Relive83 |publisher=Taran Adarsh on Twitter |access-date=18 February 2019 |archive-date=4 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004174144/https://twitter.com/taran_adarsh/status/1166223949497159680 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* Rajeev Gupta as Journalist Mishra
* [[Aditi Arya]] as Inderjit Bhardwaj, Jimmy's wife<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/Aditi-Arya-to-make-her-Bollywood-debut-in-Ranveer-Singhs-83/Aditi-Arya-to-make-her-Bollywood-debut-in-Ranveer-Singhs-83/eventshow/70889520.cms |title=Aditi Arya to make her Bollywood debut in Ranveer Singh's '83' - BeautyPageants |access-date=10 November 2019 |archive-date=10 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110014211/https://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/Aditi-Arya-to-make-her-Bollywood-debut-in-Ranveer-Singhs-83/Aditi-Arya-to-make-her-Bollywood-debut-in-Ranveer-Singhs-83/eventshow/70889520.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Kapil Dev]] in Special appearance 
* Samreen Kaur as Simran Singh, Ballu's fiancée
* [[Satish Alekar]] as [[SK Wankhede|Seshrao Krishnarao Wankhede]]
* [[Wamiqa Gabbi]] as Annu Lal, Madan's wife
* [[Parvati Nair]] as Marshneil Gavaskar, Sunil's wife
* [[Mohinder Amarnath]] as [[Lala Amarnath]], Jimmy's father
* Avantika Akerkar as [[Indira Gandhi]]
* [[Rukhsar Rehman]] as Salma Sultan
* Ashok Banthia as Rajiv Khanna
* Chandramouli Kalyanachakravarthy as Mr. Natarajan
* Rajie Vijay Sarathy as Mrs. Natarajan
* Swetha Vinod as Kalyani Natarajan
* Anjum Batra as Kulwant Singh Toor
* Akshay Kumar Jinagal as Vijay
* [[Chunky Panday]] as [[Imran Khan]]{{Citation needed|date=December 2025}}
* Happy Sharma as Gill
* [[Jacques Taylor]] as [[Sir Vivian Richards|Sir Vivian "Viv" Richards]]
* [[Carl Greenidge]] as [[Gordon Greenidge]]
* [[Tagenarine Chanderpaul]] as [[Larry Gomes]]
* [[Jason Clive Lloyd]] as [[Joel Garner]] a.k.a. "Big Bird"
* [[Baharul Islam (actor)|Baharul Islam]] as the Major of Indian Army
* Orson Nurse as [[Clive Lloyd]]
* Foozi Artan as [[Wayne Daniel]]
* Sebastian Burchell as [[Dave Richardson (South African cricketer)|Dave Richardson]]
* Mali Marshall as [[Malcolm Marshall]]
* Sheryl Bennett as Vidya Srikkanth, Chika's wife
* Neil Durand as [[Kevin Curran (cricketer)|Kevin Curran]]
*[[Duncan Fletcher]] the spectator with a beer glass in his hand when Kapil Dev takes a running catch of Amarnath’s bowling in India vs Zimbabwe match
{{div col end}}

== Production ==

=== Origin ===
A film based on the [[1983 Cricket World Cup]] and [[India]]'s win at the tournament was first ideated by [[Vishnu Vardhan Induri]] the founder and managing director of [[Celebrity Cricket League]] in 2014 and he approached Kapil Dev with the Idea initially. In mid-July 2016,<ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=13 July 2016 |title=Anurag Kashyap's Phantom Films producing movie on India's '83 World Cup win |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/anurag-kashyap-s-phantom-films-producing-movie-on-india-s-83-world-cup-win/story-vavZHtYsLec9RVYSoADMrO.html |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224145636/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/anurag-kashyap-s-phantom-films-producing-movie-on-india-s-83-world-cup-win/story-vavZHtYsLec9RVYSoADMrO.html |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Phantom Films]] — a joint production company owned by [[Madhu Mantena]], featuring the collaborations of directors [[Anurag Kashyap]], [[Vikas Bahl]] and [[Vikramaditya Motwane]] also expressed their interest in co-producing the film, citing their passion for cricket.<ref>{{cite web |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=12 July 2016 |title=Check out: India's 1983 World Cup win is now a Phantom film : Bollywood News |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/check-indias-1983-world-cup-win-now-phantom-film/ |access-date=24 December 2021 |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224145637/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/check-indias-1983-world-cup-win-now-phantom-film/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite web |date=18 July 2016 |title=Official 1983 Cricket World Cup victory film happening, Kapil Dev and Phantom Films confirm |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/1983-cricket-world-cup-victory-film-kapil-dev-phantom-films-arjun-kapoor-kabir-khan-329910-2016-07-18 |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224145637/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/1983-cricket-world-cup-victory-film-kapil-dev-phantom-films-arjun-kapoor-kabir-khan-329910-2016-07-18 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Varma |first=Lipika |date=4 October 2017 |title=Exclusive: Here's the man who's bringing '83 World Cup story with Ranveer starrer |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/041017/vishnu-vardhan-induris-celluloid-innings.html |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224145637/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/041017/vishnu-vardhan-induris-celluloid-innings.html |url-status=live}}</ref> 83 is touted to be the first venture of [[Vishnu Vardhan Induri]]'s newly formed production house, Vibri Media.<ref name=":2" /> The squad members of the 1983 team, along with former Indian cricketer [[Kapil Dev]] met the producers at a suburban hotel in Mumbai, discussing about the film.<ref name=":1" /> In the process, the two production companies had signed a [[Memorandum of understanding]] (MoU) with the 1983 team to make an official biopic, where according to the norms, the producers will get to use the actual names of the players as well as use real incidents from their lives. In an official statement regarding the biopic, Dev stated that "the journey of the 1983 team is a story of inspiration which proves that one can achieve anything if they aim for it and work for it no matter what the world thinks".<ref name=":2" />

=== Development ===
Despite the official announcement, the makers were yet to finalise the cast and crew members and the director of the project. Rumours surfaced that [[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]] was going to direct the project with either [[Ranveer Singh]], [[Arjun Kapoor]] or [[Sushant Singh Rajput]] playing the role of Kapil Dev.<ref>{{cite web |date=19 July 2016 |title=Movie on India's 1983 World Cup win: Ranveer Singh, Arjun Kapoor, Sushant Singh Rajput to reprise key roles? |url=https://www.cricketcountry.com/criclife/movie-on-indias-1983-world-cup-win-ranveer-singh-arjun-kapoor-sushant-singh-rajput-to-reprise-key-roles-517667 |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=Cricket Country |language=en-US |archive-date=21 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321040925/https://www.cricketcountry.com/criclife/buzz/movie-on-indias-1983-world-cup-win-ranveer-singh-arjun-kapoor-sushant-singh-rajput-to-reprise-key-roles-517667 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kabir Khan's next to be on 1983 Cricket World Cup victory? - Celebs who made headlines |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/celebs-who-made-headlines-in-2016/kabir-khans-next-to-be-on-1983-cricket-world-cup-victory/photostory/53258758.cms |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224204250/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/celebs-who-made-headlines-in-2016/kabir-khans-next-to-be-on-1983-cricket-world-cup-victory/photostory/53258758.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> When Khan was asked about his role in the biopic, he stated that "he was fascinated on the story of [[1983 Cricket World Cup|India's journey at the 1983 Cricket World Cup]]" but remained silent on the claims of directing the film.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fascinated with 1983 World Cup victory, says Kabir Khan |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/fascinated-with-1983-world-cup-victory-says-kabir-khan/1111755 |url-status=live |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=Outlook India |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224145636/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/fascinated-with-1983-world-cup-victory-says-kabir-khan/1111755}}</ref> [[Akshay Kumar]] was also rumoured to act in the film, which was later declined.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kulkarni |first=Prachi |title=After Salman Khan, Kabir Khan To Direct Akshay Kumar In His Next? |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/after-salman-khan-kabir-khan-to-direct-akshay-kumar-in-his-next-2298270/ |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=www.india.com |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224145637/https://www.india.com/entertainment/after-salman-khan-kabir-khan-to-direct-akshay-kumar-in-his-next-2298270/ |url-status=live}}</ref> On 25 September 2017, Phantom Films announced that Singh would play the role of Kapil Dev,<ref>{{cite web |author= |title=Ranveer Singh to play Kapil Dev in Kabir Khan's film |url=https://scroll.in/reel/851793/ranveer-singh-to-play-kapil-dev-in-kabir-khans-film |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=Scroll.in |date=25 September 2017 |language=en-US |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224145636/https://scroll.in/reel/851793/ranveer-singh-to-play-kapil-dev-in-kabir-khans-film |url-status=live}}</ref> and Kabir Khan too confirmed that he will direct the film.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 September 2017 |title=Ranveer Singh to step into Kapil Dev's shoes for Kabir Khan's next |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/ranveer-singh-kapil-dev-kabir-khan-1983-world-cup-1051738-2017-09-25 |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224145639/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/ranveer-singh-kapil-dev-kabir-khan-1983-world-cup-1051738-2017-09-25 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Blockquote|text=As a young schoolboy when I watched India win the 1983 Cricket World Cup. I had no idea that from that day onwards cricket in India will change forever. As a filmmaker, for me, the journey to that win, filled with raw energy and sheer passion of that young Indian team, is probably one of the most exciting stories I have worked on.|source=[[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]], on directing the film<ref>{{cite web |date=25 September 2017 |title=Ranveer was the first choice to play Kapil Dev: Kabir Khan |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/ranveer-was-the-first-choice-to-play-kapil-dev-kabir-khan-1051792-2017-09-25 |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224145636/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/ranveer-was-the-first-choice-to-play-kapil-dev-kabir-khan-1051792-2017-09-25 |url-status=live}}</ref>}}

A launch event was hosted at [[JW Marriott Hotels|JW Marriott Mumbai]] on 27 September 2017 by [[Reliance Entertainment]] and Vibri Media to announce the biopic officially under the title 83.<ref name=":4">{{cite web |date=27 September 2017 |title=Ranveer Singh and 14 men who lifted 1983 Cricket World Cup come together for '83 launch |url=https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/ranveer-singh-kapil-dev-14-men-1983-cricket-world-cup-come-together-for-83-launch-4863879/ |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224145636/https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/ranveer-singh-kapil-dev-14-men-1983-cricket-world-cup-come-together-for-83-launch-4863879/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |user=taran_adarsh |first=Taran |last=Adarsh |date=27 September 2017 |number=912983885025239040 |title=The launch event of Kabir Khan - Ranveer Singh film, titled #83, was truly Spectacular... Sharing some glimpses... #Relive83 https://t.co/h51rrRDJmM}}</ref> Singh and the entire former team that won the Cricket World Cup in 1983 were present at the event.<ref>{{cite web |date=27 September 2017 |title=Ranveer Singh relives '83 with Kapil Dev and team, says film not only about cricket |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/ranveer-singh-relives-83-with-kapil-dev-and-team-says-film-not-only-about-cricket/story-XM2phdL9JZsJMnXTN9N57K.html |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224145637/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/ranveer-singh-relives-83-with-kapil-dev-and-team-says-film-not-only-about-cricket/story-XM2phdL9JZsJMnXTN9N57K.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Speaking at the event, Khan said that the makers will begin pre-production and location scouting by late-November 2017, and has planned to shoot the film in real locations, in order to create authenticity and also "to give youngsters to celebrate the milestone in the history of Indian Cricket which happened when many were not even born".<ref name=":4" />

This film was considered to be one of the last productions of Phantom Films,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Is Phantom Films' Madhu Mantena going solo? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.comcelebs/is-phantom-films-madhu-mantena-going-solo/articleshow/58105893.cms |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=June 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> the other being ''[[Super 30 (film)|Super 30]]'' (2019) and ''[[Ghoomketu]]'' (2020). The company dissolved in October 2018 after its response to a [[Me Too movement (India)|sexual assault allegation]] on Bahl by a former women employee of the company,<ref name=":3">{{cite web |title=Exclusive! Anurag Kashyap, Vikramaditya Motwane, Vikas Bahl and Madhu Mantena dissolve their production company |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/exclusive-anurag-kashyap-vikramaditya-motwane-vikas-bahl-and-madhu-mantena-dissolve-their-production-company/articleshow/66092937.cms |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=5 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005202707/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/exclusive-anurag-kashyap-vikramaditya-motwane-vikas-bahl-and-madhu-mantena-dissolve-their-production-company/articleshow/66092937.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> and its collaborators later moved to work on independent projects.<ref name=":3" /> Bahl was ousted from the project.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Vikas Bahl kicked out of Ranveer Singh's '83'? - Bollywood celebrities mired in controversies |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/bollywood-celebrities-mired-in-controversies/vikas-bahl-kicked-out-of-ranveer-singhs-83/photostory/66130129.cms |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224193003/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/bollywood-celebrities-mired-in-controversies/vikas-bahl-kicked-out-of-ranveer-singhs-83/photostory/66130129.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> In May 2019, [[Sajid Nadiadwala]] joined the film as one of the co-producers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2019 |title=Producer Sajid Nadiadwala joins Ranveer Singh starrer '83 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/producer-sajid-nadiadwala-joins-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-5728837/ |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224145640/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/producer-sajid-nadiadwala-joins-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-5728837/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sajid Nadiadwala and Madhu Mantena join hands for Ranveer Singh's '83 |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-sajid-nadiadwala-and-madhu-mantena-join-hands-for-ranveer-singh-s-83-2749261 |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=DNA India |language=en |archive-date=15 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515020405/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-sajid-nadiadwala-and-madhu-mantena-join-hands-for-ranveer-singh-s-83-2749261 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Casting ===
The casting and pre-production works were delayed extensively as Kabir Khan wanted "a cast that authenticates the 1983 Indian squad".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Why is the casting of Ranveer Singh's '83' still not complete? - Most talked about biopics you just cannot miss |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/most-talked-about-biopics-you-just-cannot-miss/why-is-the-casting-of-ranveer-singhs-83-still-not-complete/photostory/60892571.cms |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224145637/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/most-talked-about-biopics-you-just-cannot-miss/why-is-the-casting-of-ranveer-singhs-83-still-not-complete/photostory/60892571.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Initially, [[Vicky Kaushal]] was rumoured to play a prominent role in the film, but Kaushal denied Khan's offer due to his commitments in ''[[Uri: The Surgical Strike]]'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite news |title=Did Vicky Kaushal turn down '83'? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/did-vicky-kaushal-turn-down-83/articleshow/66087221.cms |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=5 October 2018 |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224202740/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/did-vicky-kaushal-turn-down-83/articleshow/66087221.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Similarly, Telugu actor's [[Allu Arjun]] and [[Vijay Deverakonda]] too were considered to play the role of [[Krishnamachari Srikkanth]], both declining the offer.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Subhash K |date=7 September 2018 |title=Allu Arjun to make Bollywood debut? |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/070918/allu-arjun-to-make-bollywood-town-debut.html |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224145638/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/070918/allu-arjun-to-make-bollywood-town-debut.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Vijay Devarakonda to make his Bollywood debut with Kapil Dev biopic? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/vijay-devarakonda-to-make-his-bollywood-debut-with-kapil-dev-biopic/articleshow/67228580.cms |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=24 December 2018 |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224202742/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/vijay-devarakonda-to-make-his-bollywood-debut-with-kapil-dev-biopic/articleshow/67228580.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Later, Tamil actor [[Jiiva]] was signed to reprise Srikkanth, marking his Hindi debut.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/tamil-actor-jiiva-to-play-krishnamachari-srikkant-in-ranveer-singhs-83/articleshow/67749897.cms |title=Tamil actor Jiiva to play Krishnamachari Srikkant in Ranveer Singh's '83' |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=30 January 2019 |access-date=30 January 2020 |archive-date=14 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200914184149/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/tamil-actor-jiiva-to-play-krishnamachari-srikkant-in-ranveer-singhs-83/articleshow/67749897.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> His inclusion was officially confirmed on late-January 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2019 |title=Confirmed: Tamil star Jiiva to play Krishnamachari Srikkanth in Ranveer Singh film 83 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/confirmed-tamil-star-jiiva-to-play-krishnamachari-srikkanth-in-ranveer-singh-film-83-1442472-2019-01-30 |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224145638/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/confirmed-tamil-star-jiiva-to-play-krishnamachari-srikkanth-in-ranveer-singh-film-83-1442472-2019-01-30 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 23 January, [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] actor-singer [[Ammy Virk]] was signed to play the role of [[Balwinder Sandhu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Singer Ammy Virk To Star As Balvinder Singh Sandhu In '83 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/singer-ammy-virk-to-star-as-balvinder-singh-sandhu-in-83-1982174 |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=NDTV.com |date=12 January 2019 |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224145638/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/singer-ammy-virk-to-star-as-balvinder-singh-sandhu-in-83-1982174 |url-status=live }}</ref> The makers further cast [[Tahir Raj Bhasin]] and ex-cricketer and singer [[Harrdy Sandhu]], to play the roles of [[Sunil Gavaskar]] and [[Madan Lal]] respectively.<ref>{{Cite news |title='83': Sunny Kaushal, Harrdy Sandhu, Tahir Raj Bhasin to star alongside Ranveer Singh? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/83-sunny-kaushal-harrdy-sandhu-tahir-raj-bhasin-to-star-alongside-ranveer-singh/articleshow/67710545.cms |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=27 January 2019 |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224192954/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/83-sunny-kaushal-harrdy-sandhu-tahir-raj-bhasin-to-star-alongside-ranveer-singh/articleshow/67710545.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Tahir Bhasin to portray the original little master Sunil Gavaskar in Kabir Khan's '83' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/tahir-bhasin-to-portray-the-original-little-master-sunil-gavaskar-in-kabir-khans-83/articleshow/67988332.cms |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=14 February 2019 |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224193002/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/tahir-bhasin-to-portray-the-original-little-master-sunil-gavaskar-in-kabir-khans-83/articleshow/67988332.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Chirag Patil]], son of former cricketer and a member of 1983 Indian cricket squad, [[Sandeep Patil]] reprised his father's role for the film, thereby making his acting debut.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2019 |title=Chirag Patil to play Sandeep Patil in Ranveer Singh starrer '83 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/chirag-patil-sandeep-patil-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-5567854/ |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224145637/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/chirag-patil-sandeep-patil-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-5567854/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Sandip Patil's son Chirag on his '83 role: Don't think any actor has played his own father before |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/sandip-patils-son-chirag-on-his-83-role-dont-think-any-actor-has-played-his-own-father-before/articleshow/67829505.cms |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=4 February 2019 |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224145639/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/sandip-patils-son-chirag-on-his-83-role-dont-think-any-actor-has-played-his-own-father-before/articleshow/67829505.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

The casting process continued till mid-February 2019,<ref name="Midday">{{cite web |date=19 February 2019 |title=1983 Cricket World Cup Movie: Who is playing whom in the Ranveer Singh-starrer |url=https://m.mid-day.com/amp/articles/1983-cricket-world-cup-movie-whos-playing-who-in-the-ranveer-singh-starrer/20434182? |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190224174037/https://m.mid-day.com/amp/articles/1983-cricket-world-cup-movie-whos-playing-who-in-the-ranveer-singh-starrer/20434182 |archive-date=24 February 2019 |access-date=24 February 2019 |website=midday}}</ref><ref name="toi" /> with [[Saqib Saleem]] playing the role of [[Mohinder Amarnath]],<ref>{{Cite news |title=Saqib Saleem to play Mohinder 'Jimmy' Amarnath in '83 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/saqib-saleem-to-play-mohinder-jimmy-amarnath-in-83/articleshow/68034973.cms |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=17 February 2019 |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224192956/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/saqib-saleem-to-play-mohinder-jimmy-amarnath-in-83/articleshow/68034973.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> and Dhairya Karwa was assigned to reprise [[Ravi Shastri]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ranveer Singh finds his Ravi Shastri in Dhairya Karwa |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ranveer-singh-finds-his-ravi-shastri-in-dhairya-karwa/articleshow/68108248.cms |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=22 February 2019 |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224145636/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ranveer-singh-finds-his-ravi-shastri-in-dhairya-karwa/articleshow/68108248.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Dhairya Karwa: It's challenging to play Ravi Shastri |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/dhairya-karwa-its-challenging-to-play-ravi-shastri/articleshow/68874943.cms |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=15 April 2019 |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224202744/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/dhairya-karwa-its-challenging-to-play-ravi-shastri/articleshow/68874943.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Pankaj Tripathi]] roped in to play [[PR Man Singh]], former cricketer, who managed the Indian Cricket Team playing for 1983 World Cup.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 February 2019 |title=83: Pankaj Tripathi joins Ranveer Singh as manager of winning World Cup team |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/83-pankaj-tripathi-joins-ranveer-singh-as-manager-of-winning-world-cup-team-1450130-2019-02-07 |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224145636/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/83-pankaj-tripathi-joins-ranveer-singh-as-manager-of-winning-world-cup-team-1450130-2019-02-07 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Vijay Varma]] was initially reported to play [[Roger Binny]], but the role went to Nishant Dahiya.<ref>{{Cite news |title=New actors join the squad for Kabir Khan's '83 movie |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/new-actors-join-the-squad-for-kabir-khans-83-movie/articleshow/68120872.cms |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=23 February 2019 |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224192958/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/new-actors-join-the-squad-for-kabir-khans-83-movie/articleshow/68120872.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Amiya Dev, Kapil Dev's daughter joined as an assistant director to [[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 March 2019 |title=Kapil Dev's daughter joins Ranveer Singh's '83! Her role in the movie will surprise you |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/kapil-devs-daughter-joins-ranveer-singhs-83-role-movie-will-surprise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328070439/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/kapil-devs-daughter-joins-ranveer-singhs-83-role-movie-will-surprise/ |archive-date=28 March 2019 |access-date=28 March 2019 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}</ref> R. Badree, who acted in Khan's web-series The Forgotten Army, assigned to play the role of [[Sunil Valson]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=R Badree to play Sunil Valson in Kabir Khan's directorial '83 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/r-badree-to-play-sunil-valson-in-kabir-khans-directorial-83/articleshow/68594257.cms |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=27 March 2019 |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224192953/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/r-badree-to-play-sunil-valson-in-kabir-khans-directorial-83/articleshow/68594257.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> In mid-April 2019, [[Adinath Kothare]] was assigned to play [[Dilip Vengsarkar]],<ref>{{Cite news |title=Addinath M. Kothare to play Dilip Vengsarkar in Kabir Khan's '83 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/addinath-m-kothare-to-play-dilip-vengsarkar-in-kabir-khans-83/articleshow/68643265.cms |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=30 March 2019 |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224193000/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/addinath-m-kothare-to-play-dilip-vengsarkar-in-kabir-khans-83/articleshow/68643265.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Jatin Sarna]] was signed in to play [[Yashpal Sharma (cricketer)|Yashpal Sharma]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2019 |title=83: Sacred Games actor Jatin Sarna to play Yashpal Sharma in Kabir Khan's sports drama |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/83-sacred-games-actor-jatin-sarna-to-play-yashpal-sharma-in-kabir-khans-sports-drama-6372961.html |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=Firstpost |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224145637/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/83-sacred-games-actor-jatin-sarna-to-play-yashpal-sharma-in-kabir-khans-sports-drama-6372961.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Mali Marshall was cast to play his father and [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]] fast bowler [[Malcolm Marshall]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 April 2019 |title=West Indies fast bowler Malcolm Marshall's son Mali Marshall joins '83 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/west-indies-fast-bowler-malcolm-marshalls-son-mali-marshall-joins-83/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416110318/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/west-indies-fast-bowler-malcolm-marshalls-son-mali-marshall-joins-83/ |archive-date=16 April 2019 |access-date=16 April 2019 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}</ref> In May 2019, [[Pritam]] was announced as the music director,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/83-ranveer-singh-kabir-khan-set-collaborate-pritam-iconic-anthem/ |title=83: Ranveer Singh and Kabir Khan set to collaborate with Pritam for an iconic anthem |date=13 May 2019 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en |access-date=13 May 2019 |archive-date=13 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513064722/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/83-ranveer-singh-kabir-khan-set-collaborate-pritam-iconic-anthem/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and in June, [[Deepika Padukone]] joined the cast as Kapil Dev's wife, Romi Bhatia, while also co-producing the film.<ref name=":c1">{{cite web |date=12 June 2019 |title=Watch: The story of Deepika Padukone and Ranveer Singh's life summed up in two seconds |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/watch-the-story-of-deepika-padukone-and-ranveer-singhs-life-summed-up-in-two-seconds/articleshow/69751227.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612102036/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/watch-the-story-of-deepika-padukone-and-ranveer-singhs-life-summed-up-in-two-seconds/articleshow/69751227.cms |archive-date=12 June 2019 |access-date=12 June 2019 |website=Times of India}}</ref> While [[Katrina Kaif]] was initially rumoured to play the role,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Katrina Kaif keen to star opposite Ranveer Singh in Kapil Dev biopic '83'? - Fresh on-screen pairs to look forward to |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/fresh-on-screen-pairs-to-look-forward-to/katrina-kaif-keen-to-star-opposite-ranveer-singh-in-kapil-dev-biopic-83/photostory/60924420.cms |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224192951/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/fresh-on-screen-pairs-to-look-forward-to/katrina-kaif-keen-to-star-opposite-ranveer-singh-in-kapil-dev-biopic-83/photostory/60924420.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Khan stated that she was never in talks for the film.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katrina Kaif 'Never In Talks For' Ranveer Singh's '83. It Was Always Deepika Padukone |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/katrina-kaif-never-in-talks-for-ranveer-singhs-83-it-was-always-deepika-padukone-2073298 |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=NDTV.com |date=12 June 2019 |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224145636/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/katrina-kaif-never-in-talks-for-ranveer-singhs-83-it-was-always-deepika-padukone-2073298 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Pre-production ===
Singh began preparing for the role during mid-August 2018, and learnt lessons from former professional cricketer [[Sachin Tendulkar]].<ref name=":5">{{cite web |title=Cricket gyaan from cricket ka bhagwaan! That's how Ranveer Singh's prep for '83 began with Sachin Tendulkar |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-cricket-gyaan-from-cricket-ka-bhagwaan-that-s-how-ranveer-singh-s-prep-for-83-began-with-sachin-tendulkar-2647952 |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=DNA India |date=9 August 2018 |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224145636/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-cricket-gyaan-from-cricket-ka-bhagwaan-that-s-how-ranveer-singh-s-prep-for-83-began-with-sachin-tendulkar-2647952 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kapil Dev to train Ranveer Singh for Kabir Khan's next '83'? - Movies to look forward to |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/movies-to-look-forward-to/kapil-dev-to-train-ranveer-singh-for-kabir-khans-next-83/photostory/65385654.cms |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224145641/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/movies-to-look-forward-to/kapil-dev-to-train-ranveer-singh-for-kabir-khans-next-83/photostory/65385654.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Khan also joined the team at the [[Lord's|Lord's Cricket Stadium]] in [[St John's Wood]], [[London]] where he began pre-production works on the film.<ref name=":5" /> He also trained under the guidance of Kapil Dev, to fit for his role in the film.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 May 2019 |title=Ranveer Singh learning intricacies from Kapil Dev before shooting for '83' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2019/may/25/ranveer-singh-learning-intricacies-from-kapil-dev-before-shooting-for-83-1981612.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623210905/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2019/may/25/ranveer-singh-learning-intricacies-from-kapil-dev-before-shooting-for-83-1981612.html |archive-date=23 June 2021 |access-date=25 May 2019 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> When the final cast being announced, former cricketer-politician [[Kirti Azad]] gave to Khan on how they enact the former cricketers on-screen. He further gave inputs on his former teammates nature and mannerisms. In March 2019, the team underwent practice sessions at [[Mumbai]] for three hours, starting from 7:00{{En dash}}10:00 am, while Singh prepared for an extra hour.<ref name=":6">{{cite news |title=Kirti Azad gives tips to Kabir Khan's squad of '83' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kirti-azad-gives-tips-to-kabir-khans-squad-of-83/articleshow/68558688.cms |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=25 March 2019 |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224145644/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kirti-azad-gives-tips-to-kabir-khans-squad-of-83/articleshow/68558688.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The training sessions consisted of physical, skill training and establishing different styles.<ref name=":6" /> A source from ''[[The Indian Express]]'' said that "Ranveer practiced for about 2 hours every alternate day with Balwinder Singh Sandhu. Post that, they discuss the mindset of the 1983 team during the tournament and dissect Kapil Dev's captaincy that Balwinder saw from close quarters."<ref>{{cite web |date=27 March 2019 |title=Ranveer Singh on 83 prep: I am thoroughly enjoying this athletic lifestyle |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/ranveer-singh-on-83-prep-balwinder-singh-sandhu-kabir-khan-5645739/ |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224145638/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/ranveer-singh-on-83-prep-balwinder-singh-sandhu-kabir-khan-5645739/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Then, in April 2019, the cast trained at cricket with former cricketers [[Balwinder Sandhu]] and [[Yashpal Sharma (cricketer)|Yashpal Sharma]], at a camp at [[Himachal Pradesh Cricket Association Stadium|Dharamshala Cricket Stadium]] for 10 days.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 April 2019 |title=Photos: Ranveer Singh and the cast of '83' train with Kapil Dev at Dharamshala Cricket Stadium |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/photos-ranveer-singh-and-the-cast-of-83-train-with-kapil-dev-at-dharamshala-cricket-stadium/articleshow/68746520.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190409141011/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/photos-ranveer-singh-and-the-cast-of-83-train-with-kapil-dev-at-dharamshala-cricket-stadium/articleshow/68746520.cms |archive-date=9 April 2019 |access-date=6 April 2019 |website=Times of India}}</ref> He was further trained with Kapil Dev at [[Delhi]] in May 2019, closer to the start of the film's shoot,<ref>{{cite news |title=Ranveer Singh leaves for New Delhi to train with Kapil Dev for '83' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ranveer-singh-leaves-for-new-delhi-to-train-with-kapil-dev-for-83/articleshow/69246701.cms |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=9 May 2019 |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224193005/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ranveer-singh-leaves-for-new-delhi-to-train-with-kapil-dev-for-83/articleshow/69246701.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> and also attended practice sessions at Lord's in June 2019.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ranveer Singh feels honoured to practise at Lord's, proud to be working on a film like '83' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ranveer-singh-feels-honoured-to-practise-at-lords-proud-to-be-working-on-a-film-like-83/articleshow/69635408.cms |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=3 June 2019 |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224145642/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ranveer-singh-feels-honoured-to-practise-at-lords-proud-to-be-working-on-a-film-like-83/articleshow/69635408.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Filming ===
Khan announced that the filming would start in [[London]] and will be extensively shot there for three months, starting from May 2019.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Ob7t9z3QnPI |title=Kabir Khan's Mind Blowing reaction Ranveer Singh's performance |publisher=Pop Diaries on YouTube |date=22 February 2019 |access-date=24 February 2019 |archive-date=23 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623210915/https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=Ob7t9z3QnPI |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/just-in-ranveer-singh-to-begin-shooting-for-83-in-glasgow-33930.html |website=Filmfare |title=Just in: Ranveer Singh to begin shooting for '83 in Glasgow |first=Kajol |last=Mathur |date=17 May 2019 |access-date=25 May 2019 |archive-date=25 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525181552/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/just-in-ranveer-singh-to-begin-shooting-for-83-in-glasgow-33930.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The entire cast flew to London on 28 May to become part of the shooting schedule.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://wap.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/suited-booted-83-cast-leaves-for-london-119052800351_1.html |newspaper=Business Standard India |title=Suited, booted: '83' cast leaves for London |date=28 May 2019 |access-date=28 May 2019 |archive-date=23 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623210917/https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/suited-booted-83-cast-leaves-for-london-119052800351_1.html |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Principal photography]] began on 5 June at [[Glasgow]], [[Scotland]] where filming took place for one week.<ref>{{cite news |title=83: Ranveer Singh poses with fans in Glasgow |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/83-ranveer-singh-poses-with-fans-in-glasgow/articleshow/69699668.cms |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=8 June 2019 |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224204251/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/83-ranveer-singh-poses-with-fans-in-glasgow/articleshow/69699668.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=83': Ranveer Singh and team warms up before an intense practice session in Glasgow |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/83-ranveer-singh-and-team-warms-up-before-an-intense-practice-session-in-glasgow/articleshow/69798291.cms |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=15 June 2019 |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224204255/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/83-ranveer-singh-and-team-warms-up-before-an-intense-practice-session-in-glasgow/articleshow/69798291.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Padukone joined film team in Glasgow for her part of shooting.<ref>{{cite web |last=Singh |first=Raghuvendra |date=12 June 2019 |title=Pictures: Deepika Padukone joins Kabir Khan's 83 in Glasgow |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/pictures-deepika-padukone-joins-kabir-khans-83-in-glasgow-34313.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623210915/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/pictures-deepika-padukone-joins-kabir-khans-83-in-glasgow-34313.html |archive-date=23 June 2021 |access-date=12 June 2019 |website=Filmfare}}</ref> On 25 June 2019, celebrating the anniversary of India's win at the [[1983 Cricket World Cup Final|1983 Cricket World Cup]], Khan stated about the shooting of the [[climax (narrative)|climax]] scene, which was the [[1983 Cricket World Cup Final|finals]], saying that, the shooting will begin after [[2019 Cricket World Cup]] tournament (14 July 2019).<ref>{{cite web |date=26 June 2019 |title=Ranveer Singh, Deepika Padukone to shoot 83 final match at Lord's after World Cup 2019 ends |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/ranveer-singh-deepika-padukone-to-shoot-83-final-match-at-lord-s-after-world-cup-2019-ends/story-RvdZAXY0f91no9YzjAp3uM.html |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224153056/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/ranveer-singh-deepika-padukone-to-shoot-83-final-match-at-lord-s-after-world-cup-2019-ends/story-RvdZAXY0f91no9YzjAp3uM.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=26 June 2019 |title=83: Ranveer Singh, Deepika Padukone to shoot climax at Lord's after conclusion of 2019 Cricket World Cup |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/83-ranveer-singh-deepika-padukone-to-shoot-climax-at-lords-after-conclusion-of-2019-cricket-world-cup-6883461.html |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=Firstpost |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224153056/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/83-ranveer-singh-deepika-padukone-to-shoot-climax-at-lords-after-conclusion-of-2019-cricket-world-cup-6883461.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Filming also took place at the [[Nevill Ground]], [[Royal Tunbridge Wells]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.kentlive.news/news/kent-news/bollywood-film-depicting-indias-1983-2865295 |title=Film crews to descend on Tunbridge Wells for Bollywood film |date=14 May 2019 |access-date=5 March 2022 |archive-date=5 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305092118/https://www.kentlive.news/news/kent-news/bollywood-film-depicting-indias-1983-2865295 |url-status=live}}</ref> On 4 July, Pankaj Tripathi stated that he wrapped the shooting of the film.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pankaj Tripathi wraps up shooting for his first schedule in the UK for Ranveer Singh starrer '83' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/pankaj-tripathi-wraps-up-shooting-for-his-first-schedule-in-the-uk-for-ranveer-singh-starrer-83/articleshow/70073288.cms |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=4 July 2019 |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224193008/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/pankaj-tripathi-wraps-up-shooting-for-his-first-schedule-in-the-uk-for-ranveer-singh-starrer-83/articleshow/70073288.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 17 July, post the [[2019 Cricket World Cup Final|2019 World Cup Final]], the team began preparation for shooting for the climax scene with Chirag Patil, sharing [[Making-of|behind-the-scenes]] video from the practice sessions.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Watch: This video proves Ranveer Singh and team '83' take their cricket practice sessions very seriously |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/watch-this-video-proves-ranveer-singh-and-team-83-take-their-cricket-practice-sessions-very-seriously/articleshow/70259735.cms |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=17 July 2019 |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224153057/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/watch-this-video-proves-ranveer-singh-and-team-83-take-their-cricket-practice-sessions-very-seriously/articleshow/70259735.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The team went to Lord's stadium in late-August to shoot the climax scene for five days, and after its completion, the team wrapped the three-month filming schedule in London on 1 September 2019.<ref name=":7">{{Cite news |title=Kabir Khan on wrapping up UK schedule of Ranveer Singh's '83: It's like we had won the World Cup too |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kabir-khan-on-wrapping-up-uk-schedule-of-ranveer-singhs-83-its-like-we-had-won-the-world-cup-too/articleshow/70942278.cms |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=2 September 2019 |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224204253/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kabir-khan-on-wrapping-up-uk-schedule-of-ranveer-singhs-83-its-like-we-had-won-the-world-cup-too/articleshow/70942278.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2019 |title=Ranveer Singh wraps up 83 London schedule in style. Watch video |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/ranveer-singh-wraps-up-83-london-schedule-with-a-glass-of-wine-watch-video-1593796-2019-08-31 |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224153056/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/ranveer-singh-wraps-up-83-london-schedule-with-a-glass-of-wine-watch-video-1593796-2019-08-31 |url-status=live }}</ref> The team returned to India, to shoot few sequences for the film at [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 September 2019 |title=Shooting schedule of '83 at the Lord's in London wrapped up |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/hot-news/shooting-schedule-of-83-at-the-lord-s-in-london-wrapped-up |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=TheQuint |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224153056/https://www.thequint.com/news/hot-news/shooting-schedule-of-83-at-the-lord-s-in-london-wrapped-up |url-status=live }}</ref> On 10 September 2019, the team kickstarted the second and final schedule of the film.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ranveer Singh to begin shooting for '83 in Mumbai Tuesday onwards |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/ranveer-singh-to-begin-shooting-for-83-in-mumbai-tuesday-onwards-35971.html |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=filmfare.com |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224153057/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/ranveer-singh-to-begin-shooting-for-83-in-mumbai-tuesday-onwards-35971.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2019 |title='83: Ranveer Singh starrer to kickstart shooting in Mumbai on Tuesday |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/83-ranveer-singh-starrer-kickstart-shooting-mumbai-tuesday-472344 |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=Pinkvilla |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224153059/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/83-ranveer-singh-starrer-kickstart-shooting-mumbai-tuesday-472344 |url-status=live }}</ref> Padukone finished her portion of shooting in mid-September.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 September 2019 |title=Deepika Padukone Wraps up Shoot for Ranveer Singh Starrer '83 in Mumbai |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/deepika-padukone-wraps-up-shoot-for-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-in-mumbai-2308611.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921084031/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/deepika-padukone-wraps-up-shoot-for-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-in-mumbai-2308611.html |archive-date=21 September 2019 |access-date=14 September 2019 |website=News18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Deepika Padukone wraps up Ranveer Singh starrer '83 in Mumbai |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/deepika-padukone-wraps-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-mumbai-473845 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925135105/http://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/deepika-padukone-wraps-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-mumbai-473845 |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=14 September 2019 |website=Pinkvilla |date=14 September 2019}}</ref> The filming was completed on 7 October 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/deepika-padukone-to-throw-wrap-up-party-for-ranveer-singh-and-team-of-83-2336561.html |title=Deepika Padukone to Throw Wrap Up Party for Ranveer Singh and Team of '83 |website=News18 |date=7 October 2019 |access-date=15 March 2020 |archive-date=19 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219050201/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/deepika-padukone-to-throw-wrap-up-party-for-ranveer-singh-and-team-of-83-2336561.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Music ==
{{main article|83 (soundtrack)}}

The film's soundtrack is composed by [[Pritam]], who worked with Kabir Khan's previous films including [[New York (2009 film)|''New York'']] (2009), ''[[Bajrangi Bhaijaan]]'', ''[[Phantom (2015 film)|Phantom]]'' (2015) and ''[[Tubelight (2017 Hindi film)|Tubelight]]'' (2017).<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2019 |title=Kabir Khan Reveals About The Shooting Schedule Of 83, Lip-Syncing Songs & More! |url=https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/kabir-khan-reveals-about-the-shooting-schedule-of-83-lip-syncing-songs-more/ |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=Koimoi |language=en-US |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225131439/https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/kabir-khan-reveals-about-the-shooting-schedule-of-83-lip-syncing-songs-more/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2019 |title=Ranveer Singh starrer 83's album will not have lip synced songs says director Kabir Khan; here's why |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/ranveer-singh-starrer-83-s-album-will-not-have-lip-synced-songs-says-director-kabir-khan-here-s-why-437636 |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=Pinkvilla |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225132940/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/ranveer-singh-starrer-83-s-album-will-not-have-lip-synced-songs-says-director-kabir-khan-here-s-why-437636 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film score is composed by [[Julius Packiam]]. Pritam began composing for the film's soundtrack during mid-2019, and complete within mid-2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pritam makes music for Ranveer Singh's '83 |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-pritam-makes-music-for-ranveer-singh-s-83-2748608 |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=DNA India |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225131439/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-pritam-makes-music-for-ranveer-singh-s-83-2748608 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="PritamtoCompose">{{Cite web |title=Pritam to compose music for Ranveer Singh-starrer '83' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2019/may/13/pritam-to-compose-music-for-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-1976290.html |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=The New Indian Express |date=13 May 2019 |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225131439/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2019/may/13/pritam-to-compose-music-for-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-1976290.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The original soundtrack featured 14 compositions, with six original tunes, five alternatives and three [[instrumentals]]. Lyrics for the songs are written by [[Kausar Munir]], [[Jaideep Sahni]], Prashant Ingole and Ashish Pandit, and vocals were provided by [[Arijit Singh]], [[Benny Dayal]], [[Tushar Joshi]], [[Krishnakumar Kunnath]], [[Amit Mishra (singer)|Amit Mishra]], [[Papon (singer)|Papon]] and Raghav Chaitanya. The songs — "Lehra Do" and "Bigadne Do" — were released as lead singles from the album on 6 and 13 December 2021 respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2021 |first=Rishita Roy |last=Chowdhury |title=83 song Lehra Do out. Ranveer Singh as Kapil Dev makes India gear up for glory |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/83-song-lehra-do-out-ranveer-singh-as-kapil-dev-makes-india-gear-up-for-glory-1884667-2021-12-06 |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225131438/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/83-song-lehra-do-out-ranveer-singh-as-kapil-dev-makes-india-gear-up-for-glory-1884667-2021-12-06 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2021 |title=83's Bigadne De: Ranveer Singh, Saqib Saleem wash clothes in bathtub, celebrate victories with team in new song. Watch |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/83s-bigadne-de-ranveer-singh-saqib-saleem-wash-clothes-in-bathtub-celebrate-victories-with-team-in-new-song-watch-101639379676133.html |url-status=live |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224133654/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/83s-bigadne-de-ranveer-singh-saqib-saleem-wash-clothes-in-bathtub-celebrate-victories-with-team-in-new-song-watch-101639379676133.html }}</ref> The full soundtrack album was released on 23 December by [[Zee Music Company]] label, a day prior to the film's release.<ref name="jiosaavn">{{cite web |title=83 – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack |date=23 December 2021 |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/83/jpGVn0zvN5o_ |publisher=Jiosaavn |access-date=23 December 2021 |archive-date=23 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223170349/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/83/jpGVn0zvN5o_ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Marketing ==
Prior to the shooting of the film, in October 2017, Singh, Khan and Phantom Films signed a contract with [[Bartle Bogle Hegarty]] (BBH), a British-based creative agency, for bring branded entertainment and strategic partnerships.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Phantom Films and Reliance Entertainment rope in BBH to handle '83's brand partnerships - ET BrandEquity |url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/media/phantom-films-and-reliance-entertainment-rope-in-bbh-to-handle-83s-brand-partnerships/61197423 |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=ETBrandEquity.com |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225055408/https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/media/phantom-films-and-reliance-entertainment-rope-in-bbh-to-handle-83s-brand-partnerships/61197423 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 6 July 2019, coinciding Singh's birthday, he released a still from the film, featuring him transforming as Kapil Dev.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ranveer Singh transforms into Kapil Dev for '83 ► |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ranveer-singh-transforms-into-kapil-dev-for-83/articleshow/70098520.cms |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=6 July 2019 |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224160718/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ranveer-singh-transforms-into-kapil-dev-for-83/articleshow/70098520.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> His look received praise from fans and celebrities alike.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ranveer Singh's first look from '83: B-town celebs praise the star ► |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ranveer-singhs-first-look-from-83-b-town-celebs-appreciate-the-star/articleshow/70103853.cms |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=6 July 2019 |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224160716/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ranveer-singhs-first-look-from-83-b-town-celebs-appreciate-the-star/articleshow/70103853.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> On 10 January 2020, the promotions for the film kickstarted with the first title logo being launched.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2020 |title=Ranveer Singh Unveils Logo of '83 |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/ranveer-singh-unveils-logo-of-83-2454193.html |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224161242/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/ranveer-singh-unveils-logo-of-83-2454193.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{cite web |title=Ranveer Singh Unveils The Logo Of His Film '83. See Pic |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/ranveer-singh-unveils-the-logo-of-his-film-83-see-pic-2162329 |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=NDTV.com |date=10 January 2020 |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224160708/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/ranveer-singh-unveils-the-logo-of-his-film-83-see-pic-2162329 |url-status=live}}</ref> The character posters from the film were launched starting from 11 January.<ref name=":8" /> On 25 January 2020, the cast and crew members along with the former 1983 Indian cricket team attended a special event held at [[Sathyam cinemas|Sathyam Cinemas]], [[Chennai]] to launch the first look from the film,<ref>{{cite web |date=26 January 2020 |title=83 first look: Relive the victory of Kapil's Devils |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/83-first-look-1983-cricket-world-cup-6235256/ |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224160711/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/83-first-look-1983-cricket-world-cup-6235256/ |url-status=live }}</ref> with [[Kamal Haasan]] as the chief guest.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Watch: Ranveer Singh unveils '83 poster in a grand launch ceremony with Kapil Dev and Kamal Haasan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/watch-ranveer-singh-unveils-83-poster-in-a-grand-launch-ceremony-with-kapil-dev-and-kamal-haasan/articleshow/73618835.cms |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=25 January 2020 |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224160715/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/watch-ranveer-singh-unveils-83-poster-in-a-grand-launch-ceremony-with-kapil-dev-and-kamal-haasan/articleshow/73618835.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The official trailer of the film released on 30 November 2021, which coincided with the launch event in Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2021 |first=Tanushree |last=Roy |title=83 trailer out. Ranveer Singh leads Team India to victory as Kapil Dev |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/83-trailer-out-now-ranveer-singh-leads-team-india-as-kapil-dev-1882342-2021-11-30 |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=1 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201221011/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/83-trailer-out-now-ranveer-singh-leads-team-india-as-kapil-dev-1882342-2021-11-30 |url-status=live }}</ref> The trailer was attached with the prints of ''[[Tadap (2021 film)|Tadap]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ranveer Singh '83 trailer to release on 30 November, to be attached with the prints of Ahan Shetty-Tara Sutaria's 'Tadap' |url=https://www.peepingmoon.com/entertainment-news/news/60523/Ranveer-Singh--trailer-to-release-on-December-to-be-attached-with-the-prints-of-Ahan-Shetty-Tara-Sutarias-Tadap.html |url-status=live |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=Peeping Moon |date=11 January 2019 |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225055410/https://www.peepingmoon.com/entertainment-news/news/60523/Ranveer-Singh--trailer-to-release-on-December-to-be-attached-with-the-prints-of-Ahan-Shetty-Tara-Sutarias-Tadap.html }}</ref>

The makers collaborated with several brands to promote the film including, [[Mobil]],<ref>{{cite web |author=Nandini Sen Gupta |date=25 February 2021 |title=Mobil partners with '83' movie team |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/mobil-partners-with-83-movie-team/articleshow/74306303.cms |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225055409/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/mobil-partners-with-83-movie-team/articleshow/74306303.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Aqua Pura|Aqua Pura Mountain Water]], [[Fevicol]], Carrera Eyewear, [[Tide (brand)|Tide]], KromaColor, [[Nestlé]], [[Rupa Company]], [[Finolex Group|Finolex]] and Toothsi.<ref name=":9">{{cite web |title=Over 30 brands make beeline for Ranveer Singh starrer '83' |url=https://www.exchange4media.com/marketing-news/over-30-brands-make-beeline-for-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-117402.html |url-status=live |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=Exchange4media |date=17 December 2021 |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225055409/https://www.exchange4media.com/marketing-news/over-30-brands-make-beeline-for-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-117402.html}}</ref> A source from Reliance Entertainment, stated that "83 is one of the major films that has roped in multiple brands, in the post-pandemic era. We have roped in close to 35 brands for the perimeter branding, in-film associations, and out-of-film placement. These brand tie-ups are a good strategy for us to garner more media and also it helps the film to reach more audiences and territories."<ref name=":9" /> It has been reported that the cost of out-of-film and in-film branding is estimated to be {{INRConvert|20|l}} to {{INRConvert|1|c}}.<ref name=":9" /> Even before the theatrical release, in March 2021, Singh and Kabir Khan, in collaboration with Indian tennis sportsperson, [[Mahesh Bhupathi]] launched a merchandise brand based on the film named as ''83 Believe''. The brand is reportedly valued around {{INRConvert|20|c}}, becoming the widest consumer product range launched by any film-based property in India.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 March 2021 |title='83 Believe' Becomes The First Ever Indian Film Based Brand Inspired By Kabir Khan's '83 {{!}} MissMalini |url=https://www.missmalini.com/2021/03/17/83-believe-becomes-the-first-ever-indian-film-based-brand-inspired-by-kabir-khans-83/ |url-status=live |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=MissMalini |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225055410/https://www.missmalini.com/2021/03/17/83-believe-becomes-the-first-ever-indian-film-based-brand-inspired-by-kabir-khans-83/}}</ref>

The film's team launched stills and trailer of the film at [[Burj Khalifa]] in [[Dubai]], as a part of the promotions.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 December 2021 |title='83' Trailer Lights Up Burj Khalifa: Ranveer Overwhelmed, Kapil Gets Emotional |url=https://www.thequint.com/sports/83-trailer-lights-up-burj-khalifa-ranveer-singh-overwhelmed-kapil-dev-gets-emotional |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=TheQuint |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225055410/https://www.thequint.com/sports/83-trailer-lights-up-burj-khalifa-ranveer-singh-overwhelmed-kapil-dev-gets-emotional |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=17 December 2021 |title=Ranveer Singh holds Deepika Padukone as 83 trailer lights up Burj Khalifa, watch |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/ranveer-singh-holds-deepika-padukone-as-83-trailer-lights-up-burj-khalifa-7677031/ |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225055408/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/ranveer-singh-holds-deepika-padukone-as-83-trailer-lights-up-burj-khalifa-7677031/ |url-status=live}}</ref> On 23 December, the team further launched collectibles based on the film through [[non-fungible token]]s (NFT) — which includes autographed physical cricket memorabilia, video scenes, animated digital avatars, and unseen posters and images from the film. The film's producers partnered with NFT Labs, and Social Swag, an influencer-led fan engagement platform for the launch of NFTs.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 December 2021 |title=Ranveer Singh starrer "83" NFT collection to be launched on 23 December |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/crypto/ranveer-singh-starrer-83-nft-collection-to-drop-on-december-23-7679172/ |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225055408/https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/crypto/ranveer-singh-starrer-83-nft-collection-to-drop-on-december-23-7679172/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=18 December 2021 |title=Ranveer Singh Starrer "83" NFT Collection To Drop On 23 December |url=https://www.news18.com/news/tech/ranveer-singh-starrer-83-nft-collection-to-drop-on-december-23-4568177.html |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225055408/https://www.news18.com/news/tech/ranveer-singh-starrer-83-nft-collection-to-drop-on-december-23-4568177.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Prithviraj Sukumaran, the distributor of the film's Malayalam version promoted the film, by enacting as an interviewer to Ranveer Singh, sharing his experiences about the film.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ranveer Singh shares a video of Prithviraj Sukumaran kicking off the countdown to '83' – Watch! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ranveer-singh-shares-a-video-of-prithviraj-sukumaran-kicking-off-the-countdown-to-83-watch/articleshow/88336608.cms |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=17 December 2021 |language=en |archive-date=23 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223073906/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ranveer-singh-shares-a-video-of-prithviraj-sukumaran-kicking-off-the-countdown-to-83-watch/articleshow/88336608.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> Sudeep further announced that the glimpse of his film, ''[[Vikrant Rona]]'' will be attached to the prints of ''83'', where the film's Kannada version will be screened across 500 cinema theatres in Karnataka.<ref>{{cite news |title='83' to feature a glimpse of 'Vikrant Rona' in over 500 cinema halls |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/83-to-feature-a-glimpse-of-vikrant-rona-in-over-500-cinema-halls/articleshow/88470947.cms |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=24 December 2021 |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224092034/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/83-to-feature-a-glimpse-of-vikrant-rona-in-over-500-cinema-halls/articleshow/88470947.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Amul|Amul India]] released a doodle based on the film, as a part of the promotions.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 December 2021 |title="Kappeals to everyone" – says Amul as it celebrates Ranveer Singh starrer 83 : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/kappeals-everyone-says-amul-celebrates-ranveer-singh-starrer-83/ |access-date=9 January 2022 |language=en |archive-date=11 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111101725/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/kappeals-everyone-says-amul-celebrates-ranveer-singh-starrer-83/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Release ==

=== Theatrical ===
In November 2017, Reliance Entertainment announced that the film would be theatrically released on 5 April 2019.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 November 2017 |title=83: Ranveer Singh starrer based on India's 1983 World Cup victory to release on 5 April 2019 |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/83-ranveer-singh-starrer-based-on-indias-1983-world-cup-victory-to-release-on-5-april-2019-4194381.html |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=Firstpost |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224153101/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/83-ranveer-singh-starrer-based-on-indias-1983-world-cup-victory-to-release-on-5-april-2019-4194381.html |url-status=live}}</ref> However, due to the extensive pre-production works which further delaying the film's shooting process, the makers postponed the release to 30 August,<ref>{{cite web |date=4 February 2018 |title=Ranveer Singh starrer 1983, directed by Kabir Khan, to hit the screens on 30 August 2019 |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/ranveer-singh-starrer-1983-directed-by-kabir-khan-to-hit-the-screens-on-30-august-2019-4334737.html |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=Firstpost |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224160710/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/ranveer-singh-starrer-1983-directed-by-kabir-khan-to-hit-the-screens-on-30-august-2019-4334737.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=4 February 2018 |title=Ranveer Singh-starrer 83 postponed: The Kabir Khan film on 1983 World Cup will release on 30 August 2019 |url=https://hindustantimes.com/bollywood/ranveer-singh-starrer-83-postponed-the-kabir-khan-film-on-1983-world-cup-will-release-on-august-30-2019/story-8n3Bt6rP2sYXysJKHcDkTI.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190225044833/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/ranveer-singh-starrer-83-postponed-the-kabir-khan-film-on-1983-world-cup-will-release-on-august-30-2019/story-8n3Bt6rP2sYXysJKHcDkTI.html |archive-date=25 February 2019 |access-date=24 February 2019 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> and to 10 April 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=5 July 2018 |title=Ranveer Singh and Kabir Khan's film '83 to release on 10 April 2020 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ranveer-singh-kabir-khans-film-83-release-april-10-2020/ |access-date=24 December 2021 |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224160708/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ranveer-singh-kabir-khans-film-83-release-april-10-2020/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Following the closure of theatres in mid-March 2020, in order to control the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]],<ref>{{Cite news |title=COVID-19 scare: 'Sooryavanshi', '83 and 'Gunjan Saxena: The Kargil Girl's' release dates to be postponed? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/covid-19-scare-sooryavanshi-83-and-gunjan-saxena-the-kargil-girls-release-dates-to-be-postponed/articleshow/74570330.cms |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=11 March 2020 |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224160711/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/covid-19-scare-sooryavanshi-83-and-gunjan-saxena-the-kargil-girls-release-dates-to-be-postponed/articleshow/74570330.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> the film's release was withheld.<ref>{{Cite news |title=83 joins the list of postponed films due to Covid-19 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/83-joins-the-list-of-postponed-films-due-to-covid-19/articleshow/74730860.cms |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=20 March 2020 |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224160720/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/83-joins-the-list-of-postponed-films-due-to-covid-19/articleshow/74730860.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 March 2020 |title=Release of Ranveer Singh's 83 postponed |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/83-release-postponed-coronavirus-ranveer-singh-6323381/ |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224160708/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/83-release-postponed-coronavirus-ranveer-singh-6323381/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On late-June 2020, trade analyst [[Taran Adarsh]] reported that ''83'' will release on the occasion of [[Christmas]] (25 December 2020).<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 2020 |title=Cinema chains confirm theatrical release of 83 and Sooryavanshi |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sooryavanshi-and-ranveer-singh-83-get-new-release-dates-6482785/ |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224160709/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sooryavanshi-and-ranveer-singh-83-get-new-release-dates-6482785/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Akshay Kumar's 'Sooryavanshi' and Ranveer Singh's '83' confirm theatrical release dates |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/akshay-kumars-sooryavanshi-and-ranveer-singhs-83-confirm-theatrical-release-dates/articleshow/76711217.cms |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=30 June 2020 |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224160713/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/akshay-kumars-sooryavanshi-and-ranveer-singhs-83-confirm-theatrical-release-dates/articleshow/76711217.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Shibashish Sarkar, executive producer and CEO of Reliance Entertainment, reinstated the plans of theatrical release despite rumours of a direct-streaming release,<ref>{{Cite web |title=ICYMI: Updates On Akshay Kumar's Sooryavanshi And Ranveer Singh's '83 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/icymi-updates-on-akshay-kumars-sooryavanshi-and-ranveer-singhs-83-2283905 |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=NDTV.com |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224160709/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/icymi-updates-on-akshay-kumars-sooryavanshi-and-ranveer-singhs-83-2283905 |url-status=live }}</ref> while Kabir Khan also said that "the film has been envisioned and made to be experienced on the big screen and we are ready to wait for things to get normal and then release it in cinemas".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kabir Khan turns down OTT release for '83, despite being offered a record price |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kabir-khan-turns-down-ott-release-for-83-despite-being-offered-a-whopping-record-price/articleshow/75409865.cms |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=27 April 2020 |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224160709/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kabir-khan-turns-down-ott-release-for-83-despite-being-offered-a-whopping-record-price/articleshow/75409865.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

However, in November 2020, Reliance Entertainment announced that the release had been postponed to the first quarter of 2021 (January–March), due to the worst occupancy report of audience towards theatres due to continuity of the pandemic. Also, the lack of time to plan a promotional campaign and shutting down of international markets were attributed as the factors for the delay.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 November 2020 |first=Jyoti |last=Kanyal |title=83 release date pushed to 2021 from Christmas 2020. Bad news for Ranveer Singh fans |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/83-release-date-pushed-to-2021-from-christmas-2020-bad-news-for-ranveer-singh-fans-1738215-2020-11-05 |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=11 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111155629/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/83-release-date-pushed-to-2021-from-christmas-2020-bad-news-for-ranveer-singh-fans-1738215-2020-11-05 |url-status=live}}</ref> In mid-February 2021, following the government's permission to have a 100% seating occupancy in theatres, the producers planned for theatrical release on 4 June 2021.<ref name="rd">{{cite web |date=19 February 2021 |title=Breaking! Ranveer Singh starrer 83 to release on 4 June 2021 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/breaking-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-release-june-4-2021/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219164415/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/breaking-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-release-june-4-2021/ |archive-date=19 February 2021 |access-date=19 February 2021 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> But, in late-May 2021, the film was postponed indefinitely, due to the closure of theatres in Maharashtra in concern over the [[SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant|Delta]] variant of [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19.]]<ref name="postponed2" /> In September 2021, after the [[Maharashtra government]] permitted to resume theatrical-based operations by 22 October 2021, the film was planned for a release on 24 December 2021, which coincided with [[Christmas Eve]].<ref>{{cite web |date=26 September 2021 |author=Rishita Roy Chowdhury |title=Ranveer Singh's 83 and Shahid Kapoor's Jersey to bring cricket to cinemas in December |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/ranveer-singh-s-83-and-shahid-kapoor-s-jersey-to-bring-cricket-to-cinemas-in-december-1857422-2021-09-26 |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224164221/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/ranveer-singh-s-83-and-shahid-kapoor-s-jersey-to-bring-cricket-to-cinemas-in-december-1857422-2021-09-26 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ranveer Singh announces the release date of '83 the film |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/ranveer-singh-announces-the-release-date-of-83-the-film-50889.html |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=filmfare.com |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224172918/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/ranveer-singh-announces-the-release-date-of-83-the-film-50889.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Its release semi-clashed with that of the Hollywood film ''[[The Matrix Resurrections]]'' (2021), which released across the world, two days earlier.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 November 2021 |title=Ranveer Singh's '83 producer Vishnu Induri on film's clash with Priyanka Chopra's 'Matrix 4': Every film has its own special thing |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ranveer-singhs-83-producer-vishnu-induri-on-films-clash-with-priyanka-chopras-matrix-4-every-film-has-its-own-special-thing/articleshow/87883702.cms |url-status=live |access-date=26 November 2021 |website=[[Times of India]] |archive-date=24 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124071457/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ranveer-singhs-83-producer-vishnu-induri-on-films-clash-with-priyanka-chopras-matrix-4-every-film-has-its-own-special-thing/articleshow/87883702.cms}}</ref>

=== Screenings ===
It was announced that the film would exclusively premiere at the [[Red Sea International Film Festival]] in [[Jeddah]], [[Saudi Arabia]] (6–15 December 2021).<ref name="premiere">{{cite web |date=29 November 2021 |title=Ranveer Singh starrer '83 to have its World Premiere on 15 December at Saudi Arabia's Red Sea International Film Festival |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ranveer-singh-starrer-83-world-premiere-december-15-saudi-arabias-red-sea-international-film-festival/ |url-status=live |access-date=30 November 2021 |website=Bollywood Hungama |archive-date=30 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130061623/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ranveer-singh-starrer-83-world-premiere-december-15-saudi-arabias-red-sea-international-film-festival/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=29 November 2021 |title=Ranveer Singh's "'83" to Close Saudi Arabia's Red Sea Film Festival – Global Bulletin |url=https://www.variety.com/2021/film/news/red-sea-film-festival-83-ranveer-singh-deepika-padukone-1235121063/ |url-status=live |access-date=30 November 2021 |website=Variety |archive-date=30 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130061624/https://variety.com/2021/film/news/red-sea-film-festival-83-ranveer-singh-deepika-padukone-1235121063/ }}</ref> The film was showcased at the closing day of the festival and was received a standing ovation from the audience.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 December 2021 |first=Rishita Roy |last=Chowdhury |title=Ranveer Singh, Deepika Padukone's 83 receives standing ovation at Red Sea Film Fest |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/ranveer-singh-deepika-padukone-s-83-receives-standing-ovation-at-red-sea-film-fest-1888635-2021-12-16 |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=20 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220054513/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/ranveer-singh-deepika-padukone-s-83-receives-standing-ovation-at-red-sea-film-fest-1888635-2021-12-16 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=16 December 2021 |title=Watch: Ranveer Singh's '83' Gets Standing Ovation at Red Sea Film Festival |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/bollywood/ranveer-singhs-83-gets-standing-ovation-at-red-sea-fest-see-first-reactions |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=TheQuint |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225073255/https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/bollywood/ranveer-singhs-83-gets-standing-ovation-at-red-sea-fest-see-first-reactions |url-status=live|last1=Entertainment |first1=Quint }}</ref> A special screening of the film was held at Delhi on 22 December.<ref>{{cite web |date=23 December 2021 |title='83 special screening! Ranveer Singh-Kapil Dev's bromance to Deepika Padukone making heads turn, TOP moments from the premiere |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/83-special-screening-ranveer-singh-kapil-devs-bromance-to-deepika-padukone-making-heads-turn-top-moments-from-the-premiere/photostory/88449554.cms |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225073255/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/83-special-screening-ranveer-singh-kapil-devs-bromance-to-deepika-padukone-making-heads-turn-top-moments-from-the-premiere/photostory/88449554.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="zoomtventertainment.com">{{cite web |date=23 December 2021 |title=83 special screening PHOTOS: Ranveer Singh, Deepika Padukone, Alia Bhatt and other stars at the event |url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/celebrity/83-special-screening-photos-ranveer-singh-deepika-padukone-alia-bhatt-and-other-stars-at-the-event-article-88454707 |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=Zoom TV |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225073303/https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/celebrity/83-special-screening-photos-ranveer-singh-deepika-padukone-alia-bhatt-and-other-stars-at-the-event-article-88454707 |url-status=live}}</ref> Along with the entire cast of 83, and the original 1983 Indian team squad,<ref>{{cite web |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=22 December 2021 |title=Photos: Celebs attend the premiere of the film 83 {{!}} Parties & Events |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/photos-celebs-attend-premiere-film-83/ |access-date=25 December 2021 |language=en |archive-date=21 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321040931/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/photos-celebs-attend-premiere-film-83/ |url-status=live}}</ref> the premiere saw the attendance of numerous celebrities from the film fraternity including [[Ananya Pandey]], [[Sara Ali Khan]], [[Ayan Mukerji]], [[Arjun Kapoor]], [[Vaani Kapoor]], [[Nora Fatehi]], [[Ayushmann Khurrana]], [[Malavika Mohanan]], [[Pooja Hegde]], [[Suniel Shetty]], [[Richa Chadda|Richa Chadha]], [[Rohit Shetty]] and [[Janhvi Kapoor]] amongst others.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pictures: Celebrities at the special screening of 83 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/photos/pictures-celebrities-at-the-special-screening-of-83_-51850.html |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=filmfare.com |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225073243/https://www.filmfare.com/photos/pictures-celebrities-at-the-special-screening-of-83_-51850.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="zoomtventertainment.com"/> Sajid Nadiadwala, showcased another premiere show for the film in [[Delhi]] to political personalities, including [[Anurag Thakur]], [[Union minister|Union Minister]] for [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Information and Broadcasting]] and [[Ministry of Sports and Youth Affairs|Sports and Youth Affairs]], [[Piyush Goyal]], Minister for [[Ministry of Trade and Industry|Commerce and Industry]], [[Ministry of Textiles|Textiles]] and [[Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution (India)|Consumer Affairs]] and 10 [[Member of Parliament (India)|MPs]] and [[MLAs]].<ref>{{cite web |date=23 December 2021 |title=83 Special Screening Held For MPs & MLAs, Ammy Virk Turns Fanboy! |url=https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/83-special-screening-held-for-mps-mlas-ammy-virk-turns-fanboy/ |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=Koimoi |language=en-US |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225073243/https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/83-special-screening-held-for-mps-mlas-ammy-virk-turns-fanboy/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The film was later given [[tax free]] in [[Delhi]].<ref>{{cite web |date=22 December 2021 |title=Ranveer Singh's 83 declared tax-free in Delhi, director Kabir Khan thanks Arvind Kejriwal and Manish Sisodia |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/ranveer-singh-s-83-declared-tax-free-in-delhi-director-kabir-khan-thanks-arvind-kejriwal-and-manish-sisodia-101640140452046.html |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225073255/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/ranveer-singh-s-83-declared-tax-free-in-delhi-director-kabir-khan-thanks-arvind-kejriwal-and-manish-sisodia-101640140452046.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=21 December 2021 |title=Ranveer Singh starrer '83' declared tax-free in Delhi: State govt |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/ranveer-singh-starrer-83-declared-tax-free-in-delhi-11640102495492.html |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=mint |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225073243/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/ranveer-singh-starrer-83-declared-tax-free-in-delhi-11640102495492.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Statistics ===
83 was released in over an estimated 4,000–5,000 screens across the world, which is considered to be the "biggest release in India in the post-pandemic era", according to trade analysts [[Taran Adarsh]] and Girish Johar.<ref name=":11">{{cite web |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=24 December 2021 |title=Ranveer Singh starrer 83 gets extensive release in international market; will run in 1512 screens in 80 countries : Bollywood News |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ranveer-singh-starrer-83-gets-extensive-release-international-market-will-run-1512-screens-80-countries/ |access-date=25 December 2021 |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225073255/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ranveer-singh-starrer-83-gets-extensive-release-international-market-will-run-1512-screens-80-countries/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{cite news |last=Das Gupta |first=Surajeet |date=24 December 2021 |title='83' movie looks poised to be this year's biggest blockbuster |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/entertainment/83-movie-looks-poised-to-be-this-year-s-biggest-blockbuster-121122400054_1.html |access-date=25 December 2021 |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225073301/https://www.business-standard.com/article/entertainment/83-movie-looks-poised-to-be-this-year-s-biggest-blockbuster-121122400054_1.html |url-status=live}}</ref> It was released in 2D and [[3D film|3D]] formats.<ref name=":12" /> The makers planned to release the film in [[IMAX]] formats in order to give "a larger-than-life experience for a sports film".<ref>{{Cite web |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=13 December 2021 |title=Breaking: Ranveer Singh-starrer '83 not to release in IMAX version |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/breaking-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-not-release-imax-version/ |access-date=25 December 2021 |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225073249/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/breaking-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-not-release-imax-version/ |url-status=live }}</ref> However, the plan was dropped after the IMAX officials in [[North America]] declined their approval, in concern of the [[Hollywood (film industry)|Hollywood]] big-budget releases such as ''[[Spider-Man: No Way Home]]'' and ''The Matrix Resurrections''; the management did not encourage the release of too many IMAX films in the same period.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2021 |title=83: No More IMAX 3D Experience For Ranveer Singh, Deepika Padukone Starrer? Courtesy, Spider-Man & The Matrix Resurrections! |url=https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/83-no-more-imax-3d-experience-for-ranveer-singh-deepika-padukone-starrer-courtesy-spider-man-the-matrix-resurrections/ |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=Koimoi |language=en-US |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225073245/https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/83-no-more-imax-3d-experience-for-ranveer-singh-deepika-padukone-starrer-courtesy-spider-man-the-matrix-resurrections/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The film released in over 3,741 screens across India, with the Hindi version being played 3,374 screens at 1,727 theatres. The dubbed versions of the film were released over 367 screens in India, with the Telugu version played on 137 screens, Tamil version on 184 screens, Malayalam version on 13 screens and the Kannada version on 33 screens.<ref name=":11"/> The film was screened in over 1,512 screens in 80 countries, which is considered to be the "widest opening in overseas centres".<ref name=":11"/> The film was screened at 44 theatres in [[Saudi Arabia]], thereby being the biggest release in that country.<ref>{{Cite web |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=24 December 2021 |title=Ranveer Singh starrer 83 gets 44 screens in Saudi Arabia; widest release for an Indian film in the country |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ranveer-singh-starrer-83-gets-44-screens-saudi-arabia-widest-release-indian-film-country/ |access-date=25 December 2021 |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225073251/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ranveer-singh-starrer-83-gets-44-screens-saudi-arabia-widest-release-indian-film-country/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was the first Indian film to be released in [[Cambodia]].<ref>{{Cite web |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=24 December 2021 |title=Ranveer Singh starrer 83 to be the first Bollywood film to release in Cambodia on the same day as India |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ranveer-singh-starrer-83-first-bollywood-film-release-cambodia-day-india/ |access-date=25 December 2021 |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225073253/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ranveer-singh-starrer-83-first-bollywood-film-release-cambodia-day-india/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 December 2021 |title=Ranveer Singh starrer 83 expected to 'create history' at the box office |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/box-office-collection/83-box-office-prediction-ranveer-singh-create-history-7685355/ |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225073243/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/box-office-collection/83-box-office-prediction-ranveer-singh-create-history-7685355/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was also screened at the PictureTime Digiplex mobile theatre in [[Ladakh]], which is located at the highest attitude of 11,562 feet (3,524 metres).<ref>{{Cite news |agency=PTI |date=24 December 2021 |title=Ranveer Singh's '83' to release in mobile theatre in Ladakh |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ranveer-singhs-83-to-release-in-mobile-theatre-in-ladakh/article38026380.ece |access-date=25 December 2021 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224191117/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ranveer-singhs-83-to-release-in-mobile-theatre-in-ladakh/article38026380.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 December 2021 |agency=Press Trust of India |title=Ranveer Singh's 83 to be screened at world's highest mobile theatre in Ladakh |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/ranveer-singh-s-83-to-be-screened-at-world-s-highest-mobile-theatre-in-ladakh-1891825-2021-12-24 |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224134406/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/ranveer-singh-s-83-to-be-screened-at-world-s-highest-mobile-theatre-in-ladakh-1891825-2021-12-24 |url-status=live }}</ref> On the day of the opening release, Gaiety Galaxy and [[Maratha Mandir]] theatre removed the screening of the film due to revenue-sharing issues, with the distributor.<ref>{{Cite web |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=24 December 2021 |title=Shocking: Gaiety-Galaxy, Maratha Mandir remove Ranveer Singh starrer 83 allegedly due to show sharing issues |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shocking-gaiety-galaxy-maratha-mandir-remove-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-allegedly-due-show-sharing-issues/ |access-date=25 December 2021 |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225051700/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shocking-gaiety-galaxy-maratha-mandir-remove-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-allegedly-due-show-sharing-issues/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Controversies ===
Prior to the film's theatrical premiere, a [[UAE]]-based finance company, Future Resource FZE, has sought issuance of process against the producers on grounds of alleged conspiracy and cheating.<ref name=":18">{{cite web |date=14 December 2021 |first=Anindita |last=Mukherjee |title=Ranveer Singh's 83 co-producer Vibri Media issues statement in alleged cheating case |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/ranveer-singh-s-83-co-producer-vibri-media-issues-statement-in-alleged-cheating-case-1887663-2021-12-14 |access-date=9 January 2022 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=15 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211215030219/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/ranveer-singh-s-83-co-producer-vibri-media-issues-statement-in-alleged-cheating-case-1887663-2021-12-14 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Complaint filed against Deepika Padukone and makers of '83 for alleged cheating |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/complaint-filed-against-deepika-padukone-and-makes-of-83-for-alleged-cheating/articleshow/88198725.cms |access-date=9 January 2022 |website=The Times of India |date=10 December 2021 |language=en |archive-date=9 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109114144/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/complaint-filed-against-deepika-padukone-and-makes-of-83-for-alleged-cheating/articleshow/88198725.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The company further approached the [[Courts of Metropolitan Magistrates, India|Andheri Metropolitan Magistrate Court]] in [[Mumbai]] to issue a complaint regarding the same. They claimed that the makers of ''83'' had allegedly committed offences under Sections 405, 406 (criminal breach of trust), 415, 418, 420 (cheating) and 120B (criminal conspiracy) of the [[Indian Penal Code]].<ref name=":18" /> The spokesperson of one of the producers, Vishnu Induri had issued a statement regarding the same and said: "In the wake of the ongoing reports of a legal case filed against the makers of the upcoming film 83, on behalf of Vibri Media, we would like to deny the claims of the complainant and clarify the makers of 83 are in no way concerned with the case. The complaint of Future Resources FZE against the producers of the film 83 is false, baseless and motivated."<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 December 2021 |title=83 producer on cheating case: 'It is false, baseless and motivated' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/83-producer-on-cheating-case-its-false-baseless-and-motivated-7670803/ |access-date=9 January 2022 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=9 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109114142/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/83-producer-on-cheating-case-its-false-baseless-and-motivated-7670803/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A scene in which the [[Pakistan Army]] stopped border firing to let the [[Indian Army]] listen to the score of the final match, received criticism from fans, whom accused Khan for his propaganda towards Pakistan,<ref name=":26">{{Cite web |last=Kapoor |first=Gautam |date=2021-12-29 |title=All The Instances 83 Movie Did Anything But Talk About Cricket, Fabricated Facts And Spread Its Propaganda |url=https://thesportsgrail.com/all-the-instances-83-movie-did-anything-but-talk-about-cricket-fabricated-facts-and-spread-its-propaganda/ |access-date=2022-04-09 |website=The SportsGrail |language=en}}</ref> though Singh claimed that the scene is "one of the special moments that Pakistanis would love" in his interview to the journalists in [[Dubai]].<ref name=":26" />

=== Worldwide distribution ===
The film was distributed worldwide through [[PVR Pictures]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 December 2021 |title=PVR partners with Kabir Khan and Reliance Entertainment for the exclusive release of '83 @ PVR Promo |url=https://orissadiary.com/pvr-partners-with-kabir-khan-and-reliance-entertainment-for-the-exclusive-release-of-83-pvr-promo/ |url-status=live |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=Orissa Diary |language=en-US |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225102548/https://orissadiary.com/pvr-partners-with-kabir-khan-and-reliance-entertainment-for-the-exclusive-release-of-83-pvr-promo/ }}</ref> On 23 January 2020, actors [[Kamal Haasan]] and [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna Akkineni]] announced that they will present the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]] versions of the film,<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 January 2020 |title=Kamal Hassan and Nagarjuna to present '83' in Tamil and Telugu respectively |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/kamal-hassan-and-nagarjuna-present-83-tamil-and-telugu-respectively-116759 |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=The News Minute |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225055409/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/kamal-hassan-and-nagarjuna-present-83-tamil-and-telugu-respectively-116759 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=23 January 2020 |title=83: Kamal Haasan and Nagarjuna present Tamil and Telugu versions of Ranveer Singh film |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/83-kamal-haasan-and-nagarjuna-present-tamil-and-telugu-versions-of-ranveer-singh-film-1639521-2020-01-23 |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225055410/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/83-kamal-haasan-and-nagarjuna-present-tamil-and-telugu-versions-of-ranveer-singh-film-1639521-2020-01-23 |url-status=live }}</ref> under their [[Raaj Kamal Films International]] and [[Annapurna Studios]] banners,<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 January 2020 |title=83: Nagarjuna, Kamal Haasan to present Telugu and Tamil versions of Kabir Khan's sports drama |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/83-nagarjuna-kamal-haasan-to-present-telugu-and-tamil-versions-of-kabir-khans-sports-drama-7946471.html |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=Firstpost |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225055408/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/83-nagarjuna-kamal-haasan-to-present-telugu-and-tamil-versions-of-kabir-khans-sports-drama-7946471.html |url-status=live }}</ref> with the rights for the distribution were acquired by [[YNOT Studios|YNOT X]] and Global Cinemas, respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 January 2020 |title=Glad to be the distribution partner for #83thefilm |url=https://twitter.com/ynotxworld/status/1220306395494436864 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920212327/https://twitter.com/ynotxworld/status/1220306395494436864 |archive-date=2020-09-20 |access-date=26 January 2020 |website=@ynotxworld |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 January 2020 |title=Presenting the First Look of the champions who brought home the World Cup in 1983! #ThisIs83 #83FirstLook |url=https://twitter.com/AnnapurnaStdios/status/1221112973650845702 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623210918/https://abs.twimg.com/responsive-web/client-web/ondemand.Dropdown.d743b6b5.js |archive-date=23 June 2021 |access-date=26 January 2020 |website=@AnnapurnaStdios |language=en}}</ref> In November 2021, [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]] roped in to present the film's [[Malayalam]]-dubbed version under his Prithviraj Productions banner, which will be distributed by E4 Entertainment.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2021 |title=83: Prithviraj Sukumaran's Production House To Present Ranveer Singh Starrer In Malayalam |url=https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/83-prithviraj-sukumarans-production-house-to-present-ranveer-singh-starrer-in-malayalam/ |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=Koimoi |language=en-US |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225055410/https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/83-prithviraj-sukumarans-production-house-to-present-ranveer-singh-starrer-in-malayalam/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 November 2021 |title=Prithviraj Sukumaran to present '83' in Malayalam this Christmas in cinemas |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/281121/prithviraj-sukumaran-to-present-83-in-malayalam-this-christmas-in-ci.html |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225055408/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/281121/prithviraj-sukumaran-to-present-83-in-malayalam-this-christmas-in-ci.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Actor [[Sudeep]] presented the [[Kannada]] version of the film through his Kichcha Creations and its distributor Shalini Arts.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kichcha Sudeep to present the Kannada version of movie '83' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2021/dec/01/kichcha-sudeep-to-presentthe-kannada-version-of-movie-83-2390131.html |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=The New Indian Express |date=December 2021 |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225055408/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2021/dec/01/kichcha-sudeep-to-presentthe-kannada-version-of-movie-83-2390131.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The overseas theatrical rights are with Phars Film LLP.

=== Home media and streaming services ===
The streaming rights were purchased by [[Netflix]] and [[Disney+ Hotstar]],<ref name=":10">{{cite web |last=Llewellyn |first=Tom |date=24 December 2021 |title=83: Release date and OTT streaming platform explored for new Cricket film |url=https://www.hitc.com/en-gb/2021/12/24/83-release-date-and-new-trailer-shared-for-indian-cricket-team-movie/ |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=HITC |language=en-GB |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225055409/https://www.hitc.com/en-gb/2021/12/24/83-release-date-and-new-trailer-shared-for-indian-cricket-team-movie/ |url-status=live}}</ref> for ₹30 crore<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=2022-02-22 |title=Understanding the economics of Ranveer Singh-starrer 83: Reliance Entertainment suffers a loss of nearly Rs. 22 cr. :Bollywood Box Office - Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/understanding-economics-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-reliance-entertainment-suffers-loss-nearly-rs-22-cr/ |access-date=2025-12-24 |language=en}}</ref> and [[Star India|Star India network]] acquired the broadcasting rights for the film in all languages.<ref name=":10" /> The producers announced that the film will be streamed on the digital platforms only after eight weeks of its theatrical run.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 January 2022 |title=Ranveer Singh starrer 83 to drop on OTT, 2 months after release date |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/ranveer-singh-starrer-83-drop-ott-2-months-after-release-date-986317 |access-date=9 January 2022 |website=Pinkvilla |language=en |archive-date=9 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109114141/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/ranveer-singh-starrer-83-drop-ott-2-months-after-release-date-986317 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Llewellyn|first=Tom|date=2022-02-17|title=83 movie: Insider reports streaming release date for both Netflix and Hotstar|url=https://www.hitc.com/en-gb/2022/02/17/83-release-date-and-new-trailer-shared-for-indian-cricket-team-movie/|access-date=2022-02-22|website=HITC|language=en-GB|archive-date=22 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222090258/https://www.hitc.com/en-gb/2022/02/17/83-release-date-and-new-trailer-shared-for-indian-cricket-team-movie/|url-status=live}}</ref> But, it was later called off as the production team decided to broadcast the film first over streaming release in order to connect with the "nostalgic factor of an entire generation {{En dash}} an audience group which primarily is found on the medium of television".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-02-22|title=Ranveer Singh-starrer '83' pads up for television premiere, ditches the OTT route|url=https://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/ranveer-singh-starrer-83-pads-up-for-television-premiere-ditches-the-ott-route-2438800.html|access-date=2022-02-25|website=Zee News|language=en|archive-date=25 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225074618/https://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/ranveer-singh-starrer-83-pads-up-for-television-premiere-ditches-the-ott-route-2438800.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":25">{{cite news|title='83' pads up for television premiere, ditches the OTT route|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/83-pads-up-for-television-premiere-ditches-the-ott-route/articleshow/89750530.cms|access-date=2022-02-25|website=The Times of India|date=22 February 2022 |language=en|archive-date=25 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225074618/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/83-pads-up-for-television-premiere-ditches-the-ott-route/articleshow/89750530.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> As a result, the film was premiered first on [[Star Gold]] on 20 March 2022,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jha|first=Lata|date=2022-02-20|title='83 to premiere on TV on 20 March|url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/83-to-premiere-on-tv-on-20-march-11645336153121.html|access-date=2022-02-25|website=mint|language=en|archive-date=22 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222090256/https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/83-to-premiere-on-tv-on-20-march-11645336153121.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-02-15|title=Ranveer Singh's sports drama 83 to premiere on March 20 on this channel|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/ranveer-singh-sports-drama-83-to-premiere-on-march-20-on-this-channel-7774668/|access-date=2022-02-25|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=22 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222090256/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/ranveer-singh-sports-drama-83-to-premiere-on-march-20-on-this-channel-7774668/|url-status=live}}</ref> and later released through digital platforms, the following day.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kabir Khan's '83' releases on OTT today |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/kabir-khans-83-releases-on-ott-today/articleshow/90350246.cms |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=The Times of India |date=21 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==

===Critical response===
{{Multiple image
| direction = horizontal
| total_width = 350
| image1 = Ranveer Singh at Zee Cine Awards 2016 (cropped).jpg
| image2 = Kabir Khan (director).jpg
| footer = [[Ranveer Singh]] received acclaim from critics for his portrayal of [[Kapil Dev]] in the film, while [[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]] was praised for his direction.
}}
{{Rotten Tomatoes prose|score=80|count=15|average=7.6|consensus=|ref=yes |access-date=December 28, 2023}}<ref>(https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/83)</ref>
''83'' received critical acclaim.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ranveer Singh's '83' gets thumbs-up from critics, fans; declared tax-free in Delhi ahead of release |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/ranveer-singhs-83-gets-thumbs-up-from-critics-fans-declared-tax-free-in-delhi-ahead-of-release/articleshow/88425953.cms |access-date=25 December 2021 |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225073243/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/ranveer-singhs-83-gets-thumbs-up-from-critics-fans-declared-tax-free-in-delhi-ahead-of-release/articleshow/88425953.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=India's finest cricket hour gets the movie treatment |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/film-review-83-indias-finest-cricket-hour-gets-the-movie-treatment-1294593 |access-date=9 January 2022 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en |archive-date=9 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109114140/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/film-review-83-indias-finest-cricket-hour-gets-the-movie-treatment-1294593 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Taran Adarsh]] from ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' gave 4 stars (out of 5), saying that "83 is a winner on pitch and on-screen too". He further wrote "Those who witnessed the victory would be glad to relive the experience, while those who didn't, will get a chance to witness how things unfolded during one of the greatest episodes of Indian sports history".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adarsh |first=Taran |date=24 December 2021 |title=83 Movie Review: 83 is a winner - on pitch, on screen too. |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/83/critic-review/83-movie-review/83-is-a-winner-on-pitch-on-screen-too/ |url-status=live |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224181845/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/83/critic-review/83-movie-review/83-is-a-winner-on-pitch-on-screen-too/ }}</ref> Rachana Dubey of ''[[The Times of India]]'' too gave four out of five stars, stating that "You realise this film is not about winning on a world stage, it's about earning respect and director Kabir Khan does set a high benchmark for himself, once again". She also praised Ranveer Singh's performance for enacting Kapil Dev, and further concluded "''83'' does play on the nationalism rhetoric, way more than was required. At the surface, '83' is about an underdog team's win. As you go deeper, with each actor effortlessly presenting himself as an iconic cricketer from the 1983 team, you tend to feel that this picture has been crafted with a skillfully written narrative, supported by nuanced and internalised performances, and each department lending its technical brilliance to it."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dubey |first1=Rachana |date=21 December 2021 |title=83 Movie Review : The story of India's first world cup victory makes for a thrilling watch |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/83/movie-review/88388158.cms |access-date=21 December 2021 |archive-date=20 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220222906/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/83/movie-review/88388158.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Anuj Kumar of ''[[The Hindu]]'' reviewed that "The film not only captures the emotional heft of the success story of the underdogs, but also delivers a well-researched document in the popular idiom".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Anuj |date=24 December 2021 |title='83' movie review: Ranveer Singh is the throbbing heart of this carnival of a film |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/83-movie-review-ranveer-singh-is-the-throbbing-heart-of-this-carnival-of-a-film/article38026020.ece |access-date=25 December 2021 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224151116/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/83-movie-review-ranveer-singh-is-the-throbbing-heart-of-this-carnival-of-a-film/article38026020.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

Pooja Biraia Jaiswal of ''[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]'' gave four-and-a-half out of five stars saying "The film is a compelling watch and you don't want to miss a single frame as every minute is accounted for". She added, "The profound feeling of a nation's victory; an underdog's unimaginable success and the emotional high of achieving the world's greatest title is something that the film has managed to bring out", further praising Singh's performance and Khan's direction.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jaiswal |first1=Pooja Biraia |date=21 December 2021 |title='83' review: Ranveer Singh and his Devils hit it out of the park |work=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]] |publisher= |url=https://www.theweek.in/review/movies/2021/12/21/83-review-ranveer-singh-devils-hit-it--out-of-the-park.html |access-date=21 December 2021 |archive-date=21 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221075320/https://www.theweek.in/review/movies/2021/12/21/83-review-ranveer-singh-devils-hit-it--out-of-the-park.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Shubhra Gupta]] of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave three-and-a-half out of five, stating "Kabir Khan's '''83'' recreates the day of [[1983 Cricket World Cup Final]] with fidelity, and, yes, let it be said, in full Bollywood style, suffused with song, dance, drama, colour. It pads the film with a few (fictional) elements meant strictly to play to the gallery, and it skates dangerously close to pandering to the overbearing nationalistic sentiments playing out in today's India."<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 December 2021 |title=83 movie review: Ranveer Singh plays the captain's knock in this blood rush of a movie |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/83-movie-review-ranveer-singh-kabir-khan-deepika-padukone-7682909/ |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=26 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226083343/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/83-movie-review-ranveer-singh-kabir-khan-deepika-padukone-7682909/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Monika Rawal Kukreja of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' wrote that "Making a film based on such a historic milestone was quite a risky proposition for director Kabir Khan because you can't afford to go wrong with facts here. But the minute details and nuances in the story that he highlights in the film makes you believe in his research and dedication towards the project [...] At several places, ''83'' gets high on nationalism, which couldn't been easily avoided. But that's something one kind of overlooks for the pride and joy you experience on seeing the team lift that trophy. If you needed a reason to walk into a theatre, ''83'' is that film which calls for a big screen experience."<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 December 2021 |title=83 movie review: Ranveer Singh and his Devils take you time-travelling in this excellent, emotional film |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/83-movie-review-ranveer-singh-and-his-devils-take-you-time-travelling-in-this-excellent-emotional-film-101640066216817.html |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224164309/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/83-movie-review-ranveer-singh-and-his-devils-take-you-time-travelling-in-this-excellent-emotional-film-101640066216817.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Arnab Banerjee of ''[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]'' gave four out of five, writing that "The film is a breezy entertainer fast-forwarded with deft editing and unemotional tracks."<ref>{{Cite web |title='83' Movie Review: Tribute To Kapil Dev By Ranveer Singh |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/entertainment-news-83-movie-review-tribute-to-kapil-dev-by-ranveer-singh/406134 |url-status=live |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=Outlook India |date=21 December 2021 |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225031105/https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/entertainment-news-83-movie-review-tribute-to-kapil-dev-by-ranveer-singh/406134 }}</ref> [[Anna M. M. Vetticad]] of ''Firstpost'' gave three-and-a-half out of five saying "''83'' is a stirring reminder of a time when pride in a national team's achievement united India and national pride had not yet been weaponised by the mob [...] It works nevertheless because it is a celebration, it understands the difference between opponents and enemies, and because of its cast. Each one not only looks like an actual player on the sporting field, but they imbue their respective characters with a believability that is particularly noteworthy because acted scenes are interspersed in places with actual matches yet the difference between the real cricketers and the actors playing them is not jarring."<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 December 2021 |title=83 movie review: Team Kabir Khan and Ranveer Singh bring the Cup home ... again |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/83-movie-review-team-kabir-khan-and-ranveer-singh-bring-the-cup-home-again-10226111.html |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=Firstpost |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225100238/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/83-movie-review-team-kabir-khan-and-ranveer-singh-bring-the-cup-home-again-10226111.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Saibal Chatterjee]] in his review for ''[[NDTV]]'', gave four stars and stated that "''83'' comes pretty close to achieving the impossible. No mean feat that. The film and its principal star go for broke and, as one feeds off the other, the result is an absolute cracker."<ref>{{Cite web |title=83 Review: Ranveer Singh Lives The Part Of Kapil Dev In Rousing Cinematic Saga |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/83-review-ranveer-singh-lives-the-part-of-kapil-dev-in-rousing-cinematic-saga-4-stars-2669628 |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=NDTV.com |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224232126/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/83-review-ranveer-singh-lives-the-part-of-kapil-dev-in-rousing-cinematic-saga-4-stars-2669628 |url-status=live }}</ref> Uday Bhatia of ''[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]'' stated "Kabir Khan's film underlines everything but gets cricket right, is overwrought but joyful".<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 December 2021 |title=Review: 83 has all the giddiness and unsubtlety of a sugar rush |url=https://lifestyle.livemint.com//how-to-lounge/movies-tv/review-83-has-all-the-giddiness-and-unsubtlety-of-a-sugar-rush-111640065470629.html |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=Mintlounge |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225100240/https://lifestyle.livemint.com//how-to-lounge/movies-tv/review-83-has-all-the-giddiness-and-unsubtlety-of-a-sugar-rush-111640065470629.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Sneha Behangani of ''[[CNBC TV18]]'' stated "''83'' also plays masterfully with nostalgia and trivia. Khan ensures that he treats cricket lovers to little surprises (including but not limited to guest appurtenances and real footage) strewn carefully throughout the film."<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 December 2021 |title=83 movie review: This Kabir Khan film is a rousing celebration of India's 1983 Cricket World Cup win |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/entertainment/83-movie-review-kabir-khan-kapil-dev-ranveer-singh-1983-world-cup-winning-indian-cricket-team-11925082.htm |url-status=live |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=CNBC TV18 |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225045327/https://www.cnbctv18.com/entertainment/83-movie-review-kabir-khan-kapil-dev-ranveer-singh-1983-world-cup-winning-indian-cricket-team-11925082.htm }}</ref> Stutee Ghosh of ''[[The Quint]]'' gave four out of five, stating "''83'' is a competently made ode to the game of cricket and the team that made all Indians feel like champions.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Stutee |date=21 December 2021 |title='83' Movie Review: Kabir Khan's Film With Ranveer Singh and Team Is All Heart |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/83-movie-review-ranveer-singh-deepika-padukone-pankaj-tripathi-kabir-khan-kapil-dev-indian-cricket-world-cup-1983 |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=TheQuint |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225100241/https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/83-movie-review-ranveer-singh-deepika-padukone-pankaj-tripathi-kabir-khan-kapil-dev-indian-cricket-world-cup-1983 |url-status=live }}</ref> In its review for ''[[The Guardian]]'', Phil Hoad gave four out of five and said "''83'' doesn't delve any further than that into what degree sporting victory ever translates to social and political progress. But it is an endearing sports film with just enough awareness of where it stands, now that Britain's imperial legacy is being questioned more than ever, on a larger field."<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 December 2021 |title=83 Review – Cricket crowd-pleaser puts a new spin on the underdog movie |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/dec/23/83-review-cricket |url-status=live |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=The Guardian |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224141623/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/dec/23/83-review-cricket }}</ref> Nandini Ramanath of ''[[Scroll.in]]'' said "Khan's fan tribute to a can-do and did-do spirit revivifies the black-and-white photographs, grainy footage and memories embedded in the memories of generations of Indians [...] Ranveer Singh's Kapil Dev is the man of this series for all practical purposes. Singh deftly underplays the heroics and coolly leads the ensemble cast out of the doghouse and into the big league."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |title='83' movie review: A fan tribute to Indian cricket's can-do and did-do spirit |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1013315/83-movie-review-a-fan-tribute-to-indian-crickets-can-do-and-did-do-spirit |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=Scroll.in |date=24 December 2021 |language=en-US |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225100248/https://scroll.in/reel/1013315/83-movie-review-a-fan-tribute-to-indian-crickets-can-do-and-did-do-spirit |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Sukanya Verma]] of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' gave 4 stars (out of 5) saying "Kabir Khan's ''<nowiki/>'83'' is an ode to a game changing chapter of Indian cricket history, pitch-perfect partnerships between openers and tail enders, knowing your mate's strengths as well as your own, the everlasting tradition of superstitions and sledging and seizing that one moment that defines the rest of your life."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Verma |first=Sukanya |title='83 Review |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/83-review/20211222.htm |url-status=live |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=Rediff |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224173435/https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/83-review/20211222.htm }}</ref> A critic from [[BBC]] wrote "Kabir Khan relies on well-known anecdotes to build a narrative. The film is loaded with clichés and the signature touches of his earlier films. But such is the sweet flavour of that singular victory, so thrilling the drama, that it shouldn't fail to gratify the viewer."<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 December 2021 |title=83 movie: Bollywood relives India's epic cricket triumph |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-59731621 |access-date=9 January 2022 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109114140/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-59731621 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The members of the 1983 squad, [[Sunil Gavaskar]], [[Ravi Shastri]] and [[Madan Lal]] praised the team after watching the premiere of the film. Gavaskar said that "It is simply brilliant and the way every actor has got the mannerisms, the walk, the look, the style of every player was unbelievably uncanny. Full marks to Kabir Khan and his team for their efforts."<ref>{{cite web |date=23 December 2021 |title=Sunil Gavaskar's 83 Review: 'Blown away... look, style of every player uncanny' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/sunil-gavaskar-83-film-review-world-cup-player-style-uncanny-7686771/ |access-date=9 January 2022 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=9 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109114144/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/sunil-gavaskar-83-film-review-world-cup-player-style-uncanny-7686771/ |url-status=live}}</ref> While Shastri said that "I was left teary-eyed while watching the movie, not because I was part of the team that won it. I really had tears in my eyes when the film got over, because it brought back so many memories" and appreciated Kabir Khan for the direction.<ref name=":23">{{cite web |date=24 December 2021 |title=I had tears in my eyes after watching 83: Ravi Shastri |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/i-had-tears-in-my-eyes-after-watching-83-ravi-shastri-7688185/ |access-date=9 January 2022 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=9 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109114140/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/i-had-tears-in-my-eyes-after-watching-83-ravi-shastri-7688185/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Madan Lal stated "83 a must-watch, on the big screen".<ref name=":23" /> Several publications listed ''83'' as one of the best Bollywood films of 2021, which includes: ''[[The Indian Express]]'' ([[Shubhra Gupta]] and Minnasa Shekhar),<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 January 2022 |title=Shubhra Gupta's list of the best movies of 2021, and why no Bollywood biggie made the cut |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/best-and-worst-films-of-2021-no-bollywood-movie-made-the-cut-7681240/ |access-date=9 January 2022 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=27 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227171643/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/best-and-worst-films-of-2021-no-bollywood-movie-made-the-cut-7681240/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 December 2021 |title=Best and worst Bollywood films of 2021: Sardar Udham, 83, Radhe on the list |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/best-and-worst-bollywood-films-of-2021-sardar-udham-83-radhe-sooryavanshi-on-the-list-7692184/ |access-date=9 January 2022 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=11 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111044325/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/best-and-worst-bollywood-films-of-2021-sardar-udham-83-radhe-sooryavanshi-on-the-list-7692184/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[Film Companion]]'' (Anupama Chopra),<ref>{{Citation |title=Best Hindi Films of 2021 {{!}} Anupama Chopra {{!}} Film Companion | date=28 December 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j5ZfRgMlIeY |language=en |access-date=9 January 2022 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109114142/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j5ZfRgMlIeY |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' (Devarsi Ghosh),<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2021 |title=Best Indian films of 2021: Karnan and Sherni to The Disciple and The Great Indian Kitchen |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/best-indian-films-of-2021-karnan-and-sherni-to-the-disciple-and-the-great-indian-kitchen-101640884238543.html |access-date=9 January 2022 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=8 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108193352/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/best-indian-films-of-2021-karnan-and-sherni-to-the-disciple-and-the-great-indian-kitchen-101640884238543.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[The Hindu]]'' (Anuj Kumar),<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Anuj |date=25 December 2021 |title=Hindi cinema in 2021: From '83' to 'Sardar Udham' and more |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/hindi-cinema-in-2021-from-83-to-sardar-udham-and-more/article38035835.ece |access-date=9 January 2022 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=9 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109114142/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/hindi-cinema-in-2021-from-83-to-sardar-udham-and-more/article38035835.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[India Today]]'' (Anandita Mukherjee)<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 December 2021 |first=Anindita |last=Mukherjee |title=Year-ender 2021: 83 to Shershaah, best Bollywood films of the year |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/year-ender-2021-83-to-shershaah-best-bollywood-films-of-the-year-1893411-2021-12-29 |access-date=9 January 2022 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=30 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230151527/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/year-ender-2021-83-to-shershaah-best-bollywood-films-of-the-year-1893411-2021-12-29 |url-status=live }}</ref> and ''Firstpost'' (Subhash K. Jha).<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 January 2022 |title=First Take {{!}} Movies that made the year 2021 worth it |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/first-take-movies-that-made-the-year-2021-worth-it-10269681.html |access-date=9 January 2022 |website=Firstpost |language=en |archive-date=9 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109054031/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/first-take-movies-that-made-the-year-2021-worth-it-10269681.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Box office ===
According to [[Box Office India]], the film is the second-highest grossing Hindi opener of 2021, collecting about {{INRConvert|12.64|c}},<ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=25 December 2021 |title='83 box office collection Day 1: Ranveer Singh film grosses ₹12.64 cr |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/ranveer-singh-s-latest-film-83-grosses-rs-24-43-crore-on-first-day-11640439920682.html |access-date=9 January 2022 |website=mint |language=en |archive-date=9 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109114142/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/ranveer-singh-s-latest-film-83-grosses-rs-24-43-crore-on-first-day-11640439920682.html |url-status=live }}</ref> the first being ''[[Sooryavanshi]]'', which collected {{INRConvert|26.29|c}}.<ref>{{cite web |last=Srivastava |first=Samriddhi |title=83 box office collection Day 1: Ranveer Singh, Deepika Padukone's film opens to positive response |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/83-box-office-collection-day-1-ranveer-singh-deepika-padukone-s-film-opens-to-positive-response-1892027-2021-12-25 |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=India Today |date=25 December 2021 |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225044013/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/83-box-office-collection-day-1-ranveer-singh-deepika-padukone-s-film-opens-to-positive-response-1892027-2021-12-25 |url-status=live }}</ref> By the second day of the release, the film had earned {{INRConvert|25.73|c}},<ref>{{Cite news |title='83' box office collection day 2: Ranveer Singh starrer earns a total collection of Rs 28 crore as it battles against 'Pushpa' and 'Spiderman' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/box-office/83-box-office-collection-day-2-ranveer-singh-starrer-earns-a-total-collection-of-rs-27-crore-as-it-battles-against-pushpa-and-spiderman/articleshow/88505170.cms |access-date=9 January 2022 |website=The Times of India |date=29 December 2021 |language=en |archive-date=9 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109114142/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/box-office/83-box-office-collection-day-2-ranveer-singh-starrer-earns-a-total-collection-of-rs-27-crore-as-it-battles-against-pushpa-and-spiderman/articleshow/88505170.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> and had earned about {{INRConvert|30.91|c}} in the third day of its release, thereby earning about {{INRConvert|83|c}} in the opening weekend.<ref>{{Cite news |title='83' box office collection day 3 early estimate: Ranveer Singh's entertainer records a slight growth with 17 crore |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/box-office/83-box-office-collection-day-3-ranveer-singhs-entertainer-records-a-slight-growth-with-17-crore/articleshow/88517691.cms |access-date=9 January 2022 |website=The Times of India |date=30 December 2021 |language=en |archive-date=9 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109114140/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/box-office/83-box-office-collection-day-3-ranveer-singhs-entertainer-records-a-slight-growth-with-17-crore/articleshow/88517691.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Its collections, however saw a downward trend after first three days of its release, due to the heavy competition with ''[[Pushpa: The Rise]]'' and ''[[Spider-Man: No Way Home]]'', the rise of [[COVID-19]] cases due to the [[Omicron variant]], and the sudden restrictions imposed by the state governments, which included night curfew in [[Maharashtra]] and the closure of theatres in Delhi from 28 December 2021, as per the orders of [[Delhi government]] to control the pandemic.<ref name=":13">{{cite web |date=30 December 2021 |title=83 Box Office Debacle: 11 reasons why Ranveer Singh starrer 83 had a dismal run and has a minimal hope to cover the lost ground – Part 1 : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/83-box-office-debacle-11-reasons-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-dismal-run-minimal-hope-cover-lost-ground-part-1/ |access-date=9 January 2022 |language=en |archive-date=8 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108200153/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/83-box-office-debacle-11-reasons-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-dismal-run-minimal-hope-cover-lost-ground-part-1/ |url-status=live }}</ref> This had impacted the collections of the film, as these territories significantly contribute to the [[Hindi film]] box office.<ref name=":14">{{cite web |date=31 December 2021 |title=83 Box Office Debacle: 11 reasons why Ranveer Singh starrer 83 had a dismal run and has a minimal hope to cover the lost ground – Part 2 : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/83-box-office-debacle-11-reasons-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-dismal-run-minimal-hope-cover-lost-ground-part-2/ |access-date=9 January 2022 |language=en |archive-date=9 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109114154/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/83-box-office-debacle-11-reasons-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-dismal-run-minimal-hope-cover-lost-ground-part-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Experts further analysed that the postponement of other films which included ''[[Jersey (2022 film)|Jersey]]'', ''[[RRR (film)|RRR]]'', ''[[Radhe Shyam]]'' and ''[[Samrat Prithviraj]]'', is a minimal hope for the film, so that the film might have a good run at the box-office.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2021 |title=83 box office debacle: List of reasons why Ranveer's brilliant sports film failed commercially |url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/box-office/83-box-office-debacle-list-of-reasons-why-ranveer-singhs-brilliant-sports-film-failed-commercially-bollywood-news-1978284/ |access-date=9 January 2022 |website=Bollywood Life |language=en |archive-date=9 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109114144/https://www.bollywoodlife.com/box-office/83-box-office-debacle-list-of-reasons-why-ranveer-singhs-brilliant-sports-film-failed-commercially-bollywood-news-1978284/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2021 |title=Tension looms large over Ranveer Singh's 83 with theatres shut in Delhi amid rise in Covid cases |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/tension-looms-large-over-ranveer-singhs-83-theatres-shut-delhi-amid-rise-covid-cases-977972 |access-date=9 January 2022 |website=Pinkvilla |language=en |archive-date=9 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109114141/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/tension-looms-large-over-ranveer-singhs-83-theatres-shut-delhi-amid-rise-covid-cases-977972 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The film crossed the [[100 Crore Club|100-crore mark]] on the sixth day of its release, earning about {{INRConvert|106.03|c}} by 29 December 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 December 2021 |first=Grace |last=Cyril |title=83 box office collection Day 6: Ranveer Singh film finally scores a century |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/83-box-office-collection-day-6-ranveer-singh-film-finally-scores-a-century-1893945-2021-12-30 |access-date=9 January 2022 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=30 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230121034/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/83-box-office-collection-day-6-ranveer-singh-film-finally-scores-a-century-1893945-2021-12-30 |url-status=live }}</ref> By the first week, the worldwide box-office collection is estimated to be around {{INRConvert|135|c}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 January 2022 |title=83 Box Office: Ranveer Singh starrer 83 nears the Rs. 135 cr. mark at the worldwide box office :Bollywood Box Office - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/83-box-office-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-nears-rs-135-cr-mark-worldwide-box-office/ |access-date=9 January 2022 |language=en |archive-date=9 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109114142/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/83-box-office-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-nears-rs-135-cr-mark-worldwide-box-office/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Within ten days of its release, the film managed to earn around {{INRConvert|146.54|c}}.<ref name=":20">{{cite web |date=3 January 2022 |first=Tanushree |last=Roy |title=83 box office collection Day 10: Ranveer Singh and Deepika Padukone-starrer picks pace during weekend |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/83-box-office-collection-day-10-ranveer-singh-and-deepika-padukone-starrer-picks-pace-during-weekend-1895241-2022-01-03 |access-date=9 January 2022 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=3 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103125140/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/83-box-office-collection-day-10-ranveer-singh-and-deepika-padukone-starrer-picks-pace-during-weekend-1895241-2022-01-03 |url-status=live }}</ref> It was considered to be a [[box-office disappointment]] considering the higher production costs involved. {{As of|2022|3|10}}, the film grossed {{INR|129.79}} crore in India and {{INR|63.94}} crore overseas, for a worldwide gross collection of {{INR|193.73}} crore.<ref name="bo">{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/83/box-office/ |title=83 Box Office |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=24 December 2021 |access-date=12 March 2022 |archive-date=11 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311085210/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/83/box-office/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

====Pre sale records====
The advance bookings of the film began on 19 December 2021, five days prior to the release.<ref name=":132">{{cite web |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=23 December 2021 |title=83 Advance Booking Report: Ranveer Singh's epic sells 1 lakh tickets at National Chains for opening day |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/83-advance-booking-report-ranveer-singhs-epic-sells-1-lakh-tickets-national-chains-opening-day/ |access-date=25 December 2021 |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225073244/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/83-advance-booking-report-ranveer-singhs-epic-sells-1-lakh-tickets-national-chains-opening-day/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Despite a middling response, national multiplex chains reported that the film sold nearly 1 lakh tickets with a gross of {{INRConvert|3.5|c}}.<ref name=":132" /> [[PVR Cinemas|PVR]] reported that 46,000 tickets have sold for the opening day, while [[INOX Leisure Limited|INOX]] and [[Cinépolis]] had sold 54,000 tickets.<ref name=":142">{{cite web |date=23 December 2021 |title=83 advance booking update & box office prediction: Ranveer Singh starrer expected to open at Rs 15 crore |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/83-advance-booking-update-box-office-prediction-ranveer-singh-starrer-expected-open-rs-15-crore-974073 |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=Pinkvilla |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225073255/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/83-advance-booking-update-box-office-prediction-ranveer-singh-starrer-expected-open-rs-15-crore-974073 |url-status=live}}</ref> The film's cumulative advance ticket sales were reportedly less than that of ''[[Gully Boy]]'' (2019) which sold 2.12 lakh tickets in advance for the first day of the release.<ref name=":132" /> Trade analysts Taran Adarsh and Girish Johar predicted that "the film's opening day collections will be in the range of {{Indian Rupee}}12–15 crore (US$1.6–2.0 million), if the film gets positive word-of-mouth".<ref>{{cite web |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=23 December 2021 |title=Box Office Prediction: Ranveer Singh starrer 83 to open around Rs. 12-15 cr :Bollywood Box Office |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-prediction-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-open-around-rs-12-13-cr/ |url-status=live |access-date=25 December 2021 |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225073301/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-prediction-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-open-around-rs-12-13-cr/}}</ref><ref name=":142" /> They also opined that "The success of ''[[Pushpa: The Rise]]'' and ''[[Spider-Man: No Way Home]]'' released in theatres, a week prior, also followed by the threat of [[SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant|Omicron variant]], and the occupancy restrictions prevailing in [[Maharashtra]], might affect the collections. However, the film has generated positive buzz among the audience, with its trailer and people will come to watch the film, if it is worth their while."<ref name=":152">{{cite web |date=24 December 2021 |title=Ranveer Singh starrer 83 expected to 'create history' at the box office |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/box-office-collection/83-box-office-prediction-ranveer-singh-create-history-7685355/ |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225073243/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/box-office-collection/83-box-office-prediction-ranveer-singh-create-history-7685355/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

Film critic and trade journalist [[Komal Nahta]], stated about the early predictions of the opening day box-office.<ref name=":152" /> He watched the screening of the film in [[Mumbai]] and reviewed that "''83'' has everything that the audience wants in a film — there's the thrill, excitement, fun, light drama, melodrama and emotions and to top it all, there are a lot of things of [[patriotism]]. The feeling for the motherland is so high that your chest swells with pride. The whole thrill of the game, feeling of patriotism, and Ranveer's Singh's performance are the major aspects that would translate into great box office numbers."<ref name=":152" /> In [[Mumbai]] and [[Bangalore]], the film generated 40–45% occupancy on the opening day, while in [[Hyderabad]], more than 50% shows were booked for the film.<ref name=":162">{{cite web |date=24 December 2021 |title=83 Day 1 Advance Booking: Ranveer Singh Starrer Sees Terrific Response In Mumbai & Hyderabad |url=https://www.koimoi.com/box-office/83-day-1-advance-booking-ranveer-singh-starrer-sees-terrific-response-in-mumbai-hyderabad/ |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=Koimoi |language=en-US |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225073301/https://www.koimoi.com/box-office/83-day-1-advance-booking-ranveer-singh-starrer-sees-terrific-response-in-mumbai-hyderabad/ |url-status=live}}</ref> More than 20–25% shows were booked in advance in the [[Delhi]]–[[National Capital Region (India)|NCR]] regions, whereas about 30–35% shows were booked in [[Chennai]] and [[Pune]].<ref name=":162" /> The film had an average 10–15% occupancy reported in [[Chandigarh]], and 10% in [[Kolkata]], while, it had a poor advance booking sale in [[Ahmedabad]], with occupancy ranging from 8–10%.<ref name=":162" />

==== India ====
In its opening day, the film earned {{INRConvert|12.64|c}} at the box-office,<ref name=":0" />{{efn|''[[The Indian Express]]'' and ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' estimated the opening day collections to be around {{INR}}13–14 crore (US$1.7–1.9 million).<ref>{{cite web |date=25 December 2021 |title=83 box office collection Day 1: Ranveer Singh-starrer falls short of Sooryavanshi and Spider-Man No Way Home |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/box-office-collection/83-box-office-collection-day-1-ranveer-singh-film-gets-a-decent-start-7689708/ |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225102547/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/box-office-collection/83-box-office-collection-day-1-ranveer-singh-film-gets-a-decent-start-7689708/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{cite web |date=25 December 2021 |title=83 box office day 1 collection: Ranveer Singh film pales against Spider-Man: No Way Home, Sooryavanshi, makes ₹13 cr |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/83-box-office-day-1-collection-ranveer-singh-film-pales-against-spider-man-no-way-home-sooryavanshi-makes-rs-13-cr-101640406414629.html |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225102547/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/83-box-office-day-1-collection-ranveer-singh-film-pales-against-spider-man-no-way-home-sooryavanshi-makes-rs-13-cr-101640406414629.html |url-status=live}}</ref>}} while trade analyst [[Taran Adarsh]] of [[Bollywood Hungama]] had estimated that it collected {{INRConvert|15.25|c}}.<ref name=":17">{{cite web |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=24 December 2021 |title=83 Day 1 Box Office Estimate: Ranveer Singh and Kabir Khan's film collects Rs. 15.25 cr. on Day 1 :Bollywood Box Office |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/83-day-1-box-office-estimate-ranveer-singh-kabir-khans-film-collects-rs-15-25-cr-day-1/ |access-date=25 December 2021 |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224183614/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/83-day-1-box-office-estimate-ranveer-singh-kabir-khans-film-collects-rs-15-25-cr-day-1/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The film had an excellent opening at metropolitan cities including [[Delhi]] and [[Mumbai]], with a strong hold in multiplexes, but saw a below average performance in single screens.<ref name=":02" /> The dubbed versions of the film (Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Kannada) had collected {{INRConvert|1.5|c}} approximately.<ref name=":17" /> On the second day of its release (25 December 2021), the film saw an increase of 30% compared to the first-day collection (owing to the [[Christmas]] holidays), as the film had earned {{INRConvert|16|c}} worldwide. The two-day collections were reported to be around {{INRConvert|29.59|c}},<ref>{{cite web |date=26 December 2021 |title=83 box office day 2 collection: Ranveer Singh film performs below expectations on Christmas, collects ₹29.59 cr |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/83-box-office-day-2-collection-ranveer-singh-film-performs-below-expectations-on-christmas-collects-rs-29-59-cr-101640513106679.html |access-date=9 January 2022 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=8 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108232703/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/83-box-office-day-2-collection-ranveer-singh-film-performs-below-expectations-on-christmas-collects-rs-29-59-cr-101640513106679.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=26 December 2021 |title=83 box office collection Day 2: Ranveer Singh-starrer shows some growth, grosses Rs 28 crore |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/box-office-collection/83-box-office-collection-day-2-ranveer-singh-deepika-padukone-7690881/ |access-date=9 January 2022 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=9 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109114142/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/box-office-collection/83-box-office-collection-day-2-ranveer-singh-deepika-padukone-7690881/ |url-status=live}}</ref> It further saw an increase on the third day (26 December), where the film had earned {{INRConvert|17.41|c}}. The collections in the first weekend were reported to be around {{INRConvert|47|c}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=83 Box Office Collection Day 3: Ranveer Singh's Film Inches Closer To Rs 50 Crore Mark |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/83-box-office-collection-day-3-ranveer-singhs-film-inches-closer-to-rs-50-crore-mark-2673939 |access-date=9 January 2022 |website=NDTV.com |archive-date=9 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109114142/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/83-box-office-collection-day-3-ranveer-singhs-film-inches-closer-to-rs-50-crore-mark-2673939 |url-status=live}}</ref> The Tamil-dubbed version of the film had earned about {{INRConvert|3|c}} in the opening weekend at [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite news |title='83' mounts high at the Tamil Nadu box office |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/box-office/83-mounts-high-at-the-tamil-nadu-box-office/articleshow/88542588.cms |access-date=9 January 2022 |website=The Times of India |date=28 December 2021 |language=en |archive-date=9 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109114148/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/box-office/83-mounts-high-at-the-tamil-nadu-box-office/articleshow/88542588.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

The film saw a 40% drop, on the fourth day of its release (27 December), where it had collected {{INRConvert|7.29|c}}.<ref>{{cite web |date=27 December 2021 |title=83 Box Office Estimate Day 4: Ranveer Singh's 83 is a dismal fare; collects approx. Rs. 7 crore on Monday :Bollywood Box Office - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/83-box-office-estimate-day-4-ranveer-singhs-83-dismal-fare-collects-approx-rs-7-crore-monday/ |access-date=9 January 2022 |language=en |archive-date=9 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109114140/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/83-box-office-estimate-day-4-ranveer-singhs-83-dismal-fare-collects-approx-rs-7-crore-monday/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=28 December 2021 |first=Grace |last=Cyril |title=83 box office collection Day 4: Ranveer Singh film pulls through |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/83-box-office-collection-day-4-ranveer-singh-film-pulls-through-1893065-2021-12-28 |access-date=9 January 2022 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=29 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229231139/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/83-box-office-collection-day-4-ranveer-singh-film-pulls-through-1893065-2021-12-28 |url-status=live}}</ref> It collections saw further decline after it earned {{INRConvert|6.70|c}} on the fifth day.<ref name=":15">{{cite news |title=83 box office collection day 5: Ranveer Singh's sports drama records a downward trend with a total of Rs 57 crore |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/box-office/83-box-office-collection-day-5-ranveer-singhs-sports-drama-records-a-downward-trend-with-a-total-of-rs-57-crore/articleshow/88569560.cms |access-date=9 January 2022 |website=The Times of India |date=30 December 2021 |language=en |archive-date=9 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109114144/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/box-office/83-box-office-collection-day-5-ranveer-singhs-sports-drama-records-a-downward-trend-with-a-total-of-rs-57-crore/articleshow/88569560.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Ranveer Singh-starrer '83' gets lukewarm response with Rs 54 cr in 4 days; old releases pose tough competition |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/ranveer-singh-starrer-83-disappoints-with-rs-47-cr-old-and-new-releases-pose-tough-competition/articleshow/88535877.cms |access-date=9 January 2022 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109114141/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/ranveer-singh-starrer-83-disappoints-with-rs-47-cr-old-and-new-releases-pose-tough-competition/articleshow/88535877.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[The Times of India]]'' reported that the film performed well at the [[Mumbai]] and [[Pune]] theatres in the opening week, but Gujarat and Saurashtra circuit barely contributed to the film's collections.<ref name=":15" /> By the first week of its release, the film had earned {{INRConvert|71.87|c}} net collection at the domestic box-office,<ref>{{Cite news |title='83' box office collection week 1: Ranveer Singh's sports drama falls short of the 70 crore mark |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/box-office/83-box-office-collection-week-1-ranveer-singhs-sports-drama-falls-short-f-the-70-crore-mark/articleshow/88613130.cms |access-date=9 January 2022 |website=The Times of India |date=31 December 2021 |language=en |archive-date=9 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109114142/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/box-office/83-box-office-collection-week-1-ranveer-singhs-sports-drama-falls-short-f-the-70-crore-mark/articleshow/88613130.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> and a gross of {{INRConvert|86.50|c}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2021 |title=83 Box Office: Ranveer Singh starrer 83 has a low first week :Bollywood Box Office - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/83-box-office-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-low-first-week/ |access-date=9 January 2022 |language=en |archive-date=9 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109114145/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/83-box-office-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-low-first-week/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

By entering the second week (31 December 2021), the film had collected {{INRConvert|4.36|c}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 January 2022 |title=83 Box Office: Ranveer Singh starrer 83 sees boost on Friday; collects Rs. 4.36 cr more :Bollywood Box Office - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/83-box-office-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-sees-boost-friday-collects-rs-4-36-cr/ |access-date=9 January 2022 |language=en |archive-date=9 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109114144/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/83-box-office-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-sees-boost-friday-collects-rs-4-36-cr/ |url-status=live }}</ref> However, on [[New Year's Day]] (1 January 2022), the film picked-up pace and had earned {{INRConvert|7.73|c}} at the box-office,<ref>{{Cite news |title='83, 'Spider-Man: No Way Home', 'Pushpa' see good growth at box office on New Year's day |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/box-office/83-spider-man-no-way-home-pushpa-see-good-growth-at-box-office-on-new-years-day/articleshow/88643364.cms |access-date=9 January 2022 |website=The Times of India |date=2 January 2022 |language=en |archive-date=9 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109114140/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/box-office/83-spider-man-no-way-home-pushpa-see-good-growth-at-box-office-on-new-years-day/articleshow/88643364.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> and on the eleventh day, the film collected about {{INRConvert|7.31|c}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2022 |title=83 Box Office Day 10: Crosses 90 Crores' Milestone, Aims To Stay Stable In The Weekdays |url=https://www.koimoi.com/box-office/83-box-office-day-10-crosses-90-crores-milestone-aims-to-stay-stable-in-the-weekdays/ |access-date=9 January 2022 |website=Koimoi |language=en-US |archive-date=9 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109114142/https://www.koimoi.com/box-office/83-box-office-day-10-crosses-90-crores-milestone-aims-to-stay-stable-in-the-weekdays/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2022 |title=83 Box Office: Ranveer Singh film keeps the fight on, stays stable on second Sunday :Bollywood Box Office - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/83-box-office-ranveer-singh-film-keeps-fight-stays-stable-second-sunday/ |access-date=9 January 2022 |language=en |archive-date=9 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109114140/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/83-box-office-ranveer-singh-film-keeps-fight-stays-stable-second-sunday/ |url-status=live }}</ref> However, it slowed down on the third Monday, where it had collected around {{INRConvert|2.01|c}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2022 |title=83 Box Office: Ranveer Singh film goes down on Monday :Bollywood Box Office - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/83-box-office-ranveer-singh-film-goes-monday/ |access-date=9 January 2022 |language=en |archive-date=9 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109114151/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/83-box-office-ranveer-singh-film-goes-monday/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The dubbed versions of the film had accounted to {{INRConvert|5.04|c}} until the second week of its release. The Telugu version earned about {{INRConvert|1.1|c}} and the Tamil-dubbed version had collected {{INRConvert|2.63|c}}, and the Kannada and Malayalam versions earned {{INRConvert|71|l}} and {{INRConvert|60|l}} respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 January 2022 |title=83 Box Office: This is how Ranveer Singh starrer has fared in multiple languages at the close of Week 2 :Bollywood Box Office - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/83-box-office-ranveer-singh-starrer-fared-multiple-languages-close-week-2/ |access-date=9 January 2022 |language=en |archive-date=8 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108194837/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/83-box-office-ranveer-singh-starrer-fared-multiple-languages-close-week-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> By the sixteenth-day of its release, the film collected about {{INRConvert|100|c}} net collection in India, with a gross of {{INRConvert|120.48|c}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 January 2022 |title=83 Box Office Day 16: Stays Over 1 Crore Mark On Saturday, To Go Past 100 Crores Today |url=https://www.koimoi.com/box-office/83-box-office-day-16-stays-over-1-crore-mark-on-saturday-to-go-past-100-crores-today/ |access-date=9 January 2022 |website=Koimoi |language=en-US |archive-date=9 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109082030/https://www.koimoi.com/box-office/83-box-office-day-16-stays-over-1-crore-mark-on-saturday-to-go-past-100-crores-today/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Other territories ====
On the overseas circuits, the film earned about US$1.57 million ({{Indian Rupee|11.79}} crore), in the first day of its release.<ref name="Hungama">{{Cite web |date=26 December 2021 |title=83 Box Office: Ranveer Singh starrer collects 1.01 mil. USD on Day 2 in overseas, total collections at 2.58 mil. USD :Bollywood Box Office - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/83-box-office-ranveer-singh-starrer-collects-1-01-mil-usd-day-2-overseas-total-collections-2-58-mil-usd/ |access-date=9 January 2022 |language=en |archive-date=11 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111091727/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/83-box-office-ranveer-singh-starrer-collects-1-01-mil-usd-day-2-overseas-total-collections-2-58-mil-usd/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It surpassed the opening day collections of ''Sooryavanshi'', which earned US$1.08 million ({{Indian Rupee|8.02}} crore).<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 December 2021 |title=Box Office: Ranveer Singh starrer 83 beats Akshay Kumar's Sooryavanshi on Day 1 in overseas, collects 1.57 mil. USD [Rs. 11.83 cr.] :Bollywood Box Office - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-beats-akshay-kumars-sooryavanshi-day-1-overseas-collects-1-57-mil-usd-rs-11-83-cr/ |access-date=9 January 2022 |language=en |archive-date=11 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111091812/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-beats-akshay-kumars-sooryavanshi-day-1-overseas-collects-1-57-mil-usd-rs-11-83-cr/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The film also earned US$391,651 [[United Arab Emirates]] and US$90,843 from G.C.C territories, thereby collecting AED 1.77 million (US$482,494) from the regions.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 December 2021 |title=83 scores on Day 1 over Sooryavanshi at the U.A.E/G.C.C box office; collects 1.77 mil. AED [Rs. 3.63 cr.] :Bollywood Box Office - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/83-scores-day-1-sooryavanshi-u-e-g-c-c-box-office-collects-1-77-mil-aed-rs-3-63-cr/ |access-date=9 January 2022 |language=en |archive-date=9 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109115649/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/83-scores-day-1-sooryavanshi-u-e-g-c-c-box-office-collects-1-77-mil-aed-rs-3-63-cr/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In the second day of its release, the film had collected US$1.01 million ({{Indian Rupee|7.6}} crore),<ref name="Hungama"/> whereas in the third day, the film had collected US$900,000 ({{Indian Rupee|6.72}} crore).<ref name=":16">{{cite web |date=28 December 2021 |title=83 Box Office (Overseas): Ranveer Singh starrer crosses $4.17 million in 4 days :Bollywood Box Office - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/83-box-office-overseas-ranveer-singh-starrer-crosses-4-17-million-4-days/ |access-date=9 January 2022 |language=en |archive-date=11 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111091743/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/83-box-office-overseas-ranveer-singh-starrer-crosses-4-17-million-4-days/ |url-status=live }}</ref> By the fourth day of its release, the film collected US$680,000 ({{Indian Rupee|5.07}} crore), totalling its estimated revenue about US$4.17 million ({{Indian Rupee|31.14}} crore).<ref name=":16" /> It was considered to be the Singh's seventh highest-grosser at opening weekend in the overseas box-office, behind ''[[Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela]]'' (2013), ''[[Dil Dhadakne Do]]'', ''[[Bajirao Mastani]]'' (2015), ''[[Padmaavat]]'', ''[[Simmba]]'' (2018) and ''[[Gully Boy]]'' (2019).<ref>{{cite web |date=28 December 2021 |title=83 is Ranveer Singh's 7th highest opening weekend grosser at the overseas box office; beats Bajirao Mastani and Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela :Bollywood Box Office - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/83-ranveer-singhs-7th-highest-opening-weekend-grosser-overseas-box-office-beats-bajirao-mastani-goliyon-ki-raasleela-ram-leela/ |access-date=9 January 2022 |language=en |archive-date=9 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109114149/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/83-ranveer-singhs-7th-highest-opening-weekend-grosser-overseas-box-office-beats-bajirao-mastani-goliyon-ki-raasleela-ram-leela/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It further grossed AED 3.46 million (US$941,983) in UAE and GCC.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2021 |title=83 Box Office (Overseas): The Ranveer Singh starrer collects 3.46 mil. AED [Rs. 7.04 cr.] at the U.A.E/G.C.C box office :Bollywood Box Office - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/83-box-office-overseas-ranveer-singh-starrer-collects-3-46-mil-aed-rs-7-04-cr-u-e-g-c-c-box-office/ |access-date=9 January 2022 |language=en |archive-date=11 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111100220/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/83-box-office-overseas-ranveer-singh-starrer-collects-3-46-mil-aed-rs-7-04-cr-u-e-g-c-c-box-office/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

By the end of the first week, the film earned around US$5.8 million ({{INR|43}} crore) and surpassed the opening week collections of ''Sooryavanshi'' at the overseas centres.<ref name=":22">{{cite web |date=1 January 2022 |title=83 Box Office (Overseas): 83 beats Sooryavanshi; collects $5.8 million in overseas at the end of Week 1 :Bollywood Box Office - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/83-box-office-overseas-83-beats-sooryavanshi-collects-5-8-million-overseas-end-week-1/ |access-date=9 January 2022 |language=en |archive-date=9 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109114142/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/83-box-office-overseas-83-beats-sooryavanshi-collects-5-8-million-overseas-end-week-1/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In [[United States]], the film earned around US$3,502,876 ({{Indian Rupee|26.01}} crore), and at [[United Kingdom]], the film had collected £445,160 (US$44.9 million).<ref name=":22" /> In the UAE and GCC territories, the film had collected AED 5.29 million (US$1,440,200).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 January 2022 |title=83 Box Office (Overseas): The Ranveer Singh starrer collects 5.29 mil. AED [Rs. 10.73 cr.] at the U.A.E/G.C.C box office :Bollywood Box Office - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/83-box-office-overseas-ranveer-singh-starrer-collects-5-29-mil-aed-rs-10-73-cr-u-e-g-c-c-box-office/ |access-date=9 January 2022 |language=en |archive-date=9 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109114144/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/83-box-office-overseas-ranveer-singh-starrer-collects-5-29-mil-aed-rs-10-73-cr-u-e-g-c-c-box-office/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The film had collected about US$8,333 in [[Spain]], NZD$229,103 (US$155,389.07) across [[New Zealand]], MR 11,781 (US$2,799) in [[Malaysia]], €52192 (US$59,295.33) in [[Germany]], A$1,208,667 (US$868,112) in [[Australia]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 January 2022 |title=83 Box Office (Overseas): 83 collects $6.17 million in overseas at the close of Day 8 :Bollywood Box Office - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/83-box-office-overseas-83-collects-6-17-million-overseas-close-day-8/ |access-date=9 January 2022 |language=en |archive-date=9 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109114147/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/83-box-office-overseas-83-collects-6-17-million-overseas-close-day-8/ |url-status=live }}</ref> At the North American box-office, the film outperformed several Hollywood films including ''[[The Matrix Resurrections]]'', ''[[The King's Man]]'', ''[[West Side Story (2021 film)|West Side Story]]'' and ''[[American Dog]]''.<ref name=":20" /> It was ranked in one among the top 10 films at the Australia, New Zealand and United Kingdom box office.<ref name=":20" /> Closer to the second weekend, the film had earned US$7.15 million ({{Indian Rupee|53.17}} crore).<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2022 |title=83 collects approx. 7.15 mil. USD [Rs. 53.17 cr.] at the close of second weekend in overseas : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-overseas/83-collects-approx-7-15-mil-usd-rs-53-17-cr-close-second-weekend-overseas/ |access-date=9 January 2022 |language=en |archive-date=11 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111091739/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-overseas/83-collects-approx-7-15-mil-usd-rs-53-17-cr-close-second-weekend-overseas/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The film eventually became one the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films by international revenue|highest-grossing Indian film of 2021 in overseas circuits]] with an adjusted collection of {{INRConvert|62.54|c}} within 31 days.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-26|title=83 Box Office (Overseas): Becomes Highest-Grossing Indian Film Of 2021|url=https://www.koimoi.com/box-office/83-box-office-overseas-becomes-highest-grossing-indian-film-of-2021/|access-date=2022-01-28|website=Koimoi|language=en-US|archive-date=28 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128044534/https://www.koimoi.com/box-office/83-box-office-overseas-becomes-highest-grossing-indian-film-of-2021/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-26|title=Ranveer Singh's '83' becomes highest-grossing Indian film overseas of 2021, earns THIS much at global Box Office!|url=https://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/ranveer-singhs-83-becomes-highest-grossing-indian-film-overseas-of-2021-earns-this-much-at-global-box-office-2430950.html|access-date=2022-01-28|website=Zee News|language=en|archive-date=28 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128044533/https://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/ranveer-singhs-83-becomes-highest-grossing-indian-film-overseas-of-2021-earns-this-much-at-global-box-office-2430950.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Commercial analysis ===
In its article about ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'', Fenil Seta stated about the significant reasons, that led to its box-office decline, with problems regarding the technical aspects, casting and the storyline which did not connect with the youngsters apart from the aforementioned factors.<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":14" /> Trade analyst [[Komal Nahta]] too considered that "One whole chunk of the audience — the 15 to 35 age group — didn't see the film. You can't ignore them if you make a film on such a huge budget. But, the youth doesn't believe in the past, and are not interested in historical facts. Their cricketing heroes are [[MS Dhoni]] and [[Virat Kohli]]. They couldn't identify with [[Kapil Dev]] and his team. ''83'' did not have much for the youth [...] If the film had a personalised and emotional storyline about the characters, it would have been successful in drawing the youth, like [[Sushant Singh Rajput]]'s ''[[M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story]]'' managed to do."<ref name=":21">{{cite web|last=Roy Chowdhury|first=Rishita|date=5 January 2022|title=Ranveer Singh's 83 is a bigger box-office dud than Shah Rukh Khan's Zero|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/ranveer-singh-83-box-office-dud-shah-rukh-khan-zero-1896050-2022-01-05|access-date=9 January 2022|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=5 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105071041/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/ranveer-singh-83-box-office-dud-shah-rukh-khan-zero-1896050-2022-01-05|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Taran Adarsh]] also stated that "83 gives a feeling of a docu-drama. People who are looking for a masala entertainer will not find it there. Of course, looking at the subject, you can't have an item song or commercial ingredients, but that is one of the deterrents. But there are certain films that go down in history as wonderful ones, which might not have worked when they had been released."<ref name=":21" /> Analysts further believed that, the film was targeted towards the older audiences (the 35 to 50 age group), who were likely reluctant to go theatres, particularly with the rise in the Omicron variant, citing as the reason for the film's underpeformance.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goyal |first=Sandeep |title=Why '83 Failed At The Box Office |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/column/sandeep-goyal-why-83-failed-at-the-box-office/20220117.htm |access-date=2022-04-18 |website=Rediff |language=en}}</ref>

According to Box Office India, the film sold less than 38 lakh tickets in the first week of its release, marginally lower than that of [[Shah Rukh Khan]]'s ''[[Zero (2018 film)|Zero]]'' (2018), which sold 69 lakh tickets.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ranveer Singh's '83' had footfalls lower than that of Shah Rukh Khan's 'Zero'!|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/box-office/ranveer-singhs-83-had-footfalls-lower-than-that-of-shah-rukh-khans-zero/articleshow/88649996.cms|access-date=9 January 2022|website=The Times of India|date=2 January 2022 |language=en|archive-date=9 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109114145/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/box-office/ranveer-singhs-83-had-footfalls-lower-than-that-of-shah-rukh-khans-zero/articleshow/88649996.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Trade analysts reported that the film almost incurred a loss of {{INRConvert|80|c}} to the makers, surpassing ''[[Bombay Velvet]]'' (2015), which incurred a {{Indian Rupee|70}} crore loss.<ref>{{cite web|date=7 January 2022|title=Ranveer's '83' To Suffer Historic Loss Higher Than 'Bombay Velvet' & It's Heartbreaking|url=https://www.mensxp.com/entertainment/bollywood/99342-ranveer-singh-83-biggest-bollywood-flop-beating-ranbir-kapoor-bombay-velvet.html|access-date=9 January 2022|website=www.mensxp.com|language=en-IN|archive-date=8 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108144112/https://www.mensxp.com/entertainment/bollywood/99342-ranveer-singh-83-biggest-bollywood-flop-beating-ranbir-kapoor-bombay-velvet.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Bollywood Hungama]] reported that the film's production costs were about {{INRConvert|195|c}} with an additional {{INRConvert|15|c}} being added for print and advertising costs, with interests due to delayed release being increased to {{INRConvert|30|c}}.<ref name=":24">{{cite web|last=Hungama|first=Bollywood|date=2022-02-22|title=Understanding the economics of Ranveer Singh-starrer 83: Reliance Entertainment suffers a loss of nearly Rs. 22 cr. :Bollywood Box Office - Bollywood Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/understanding-economics-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-reliance-entertainment-suffers-loss-nearly-rs-22-cr/|access-date=2022-02-22|language=en|archive-date=22 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222085755/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/understanding-economics-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-reliance-entertainment-suffers-loss-nearly-rs-22-cr/|url-status=live}}</ref> While the overall expenditures were amounted to be {{INRConvert|240|c}}, the distributors' share from both domestic and overseas theatrical were reported to be about {{INRConvert|53.87|c}} and {{INRConvert|28.77|c}}. It further recovered {{INRConvert|105|c}} from non-theatrical revenues which includes satellite and digital rights for Hindi and regional languages and music rights.<ref name=":24" /> The production team received a subsidy of {{INRConvert|30|c}} for shooting the film majorly in the [[United Kingdom]].<ref name=":24" /> However, the total recovery was estimated to be {{INRConvert|217.64|c}} from theatrical and non-theatrical revenue, resulting in a loss of {{INRConvert|22.35|c}} to [[Reliance Entertainment]] with a negative 9.32% rate of ROI.<ref name=":24" />

== Accolades ==
{{Expand section|February 2026|date=January 2026}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|tt7518786}}
*[https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/83/ ''83''] on [[Bollywood Hungama]]



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Tarka (film)

2026-03-26T07:31:09Z

SharePoint Press: enhanced intro also and updated info

{{Distinguish|Tarka the Otter (film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Tarka
| image = Kannada film Tarka poster.jpg
| caption = Film poster
| director = [[Sunil Kumar Desai]]<ref name=ta>{{Cite web |last=R |first=Shilpa Sebastian |date=21 October 2019 |title=The long road before 'Tarka' happened |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/director-sunil-kumar-desai-shares-the-story-of-how-tarka-was-made/article29757305.ece |via=www.thehindu.com|archive-url=https://archive.today/20231108114202/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/director-sunil-kumar-desai-shares-the-story-of-how-tarka-was-made/article29757305.ece|archive-date=8 November 2023}}</ref>
| producer = Sunil Kumar Desai
| writer =
| screenplay = Sunil Kumar Desai
| based_on = {{based on|''[[The Unexpected Guest (play)|The Unexpected Guest]]''|[[Agatha Christie]]}}
| starring = [[Shankar Nag]] [[Vanitha Vasu]] [[Devaraj]]
| music = Guna Singh
| cinematography = P. Rajan
| editing = A. Subramanyam
| studio = Rachana
| distributor = Sri Bharat Films
| released = {{film date|1989|||df=yes}}
| runtime = 132 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
}}

'''''Tarka''''' ({{Translation|''Logic''}}) is a 1989 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[Mystery film|mystery]]-[[Thriller film|thriller]] film,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-30 |title=Old classics of Kannada cinema that are evergreen and can be watched on repeat |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/old-classics-of-kannada-cinema-that-are-evergreen-and-can-be-watched-on-repeat/amp_etphotostory/107264942.cms |access-date=2024-12-02 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> produced by Praveen and directed and written by [[Sunil Kumar Desai]] in his directorial debut<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-22 |title=ತರ್ಕ, ಉತ್ಕರ್ಷ, ನಿಷ್ಕರ್ಷ, ಸಂಘರ್ಷ, ಸ್ಪರ್ಶ ಇವರ ಸಿನಿಮಾಗಳ ಟೈಟಲೇ ವಿಭಿನ್ನ! |url=https://kannada.news18.com/news/entertainment/sandalwood-different-director-sunil-kumar-desai-film-journey-story-rvj-yda-1926699.html |access-date=2024-12-02 |website=News18 ಕನ್ನಡ |language=kn}}</ref> which is based on [[Agatha Christie]]'s 1958 play ''[[The Unexpected Guest (play)|The Unexpected Guest]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2020 |title=Beladingala Baale is my most loved film: Desai |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/beladingala-baale-is-my-most-loved-film-desai-879385.html |website=[[Deccan Herald]] |access-date=24 March 2021 |archive-date=17 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017144225/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/beladingala-baale-is-my-most-loved-film-desai-879385.html |url-status=live }}</ref>''<ref name="ti2">{{Cite web |title='Tarka' returns after 30 years |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/tarka-returns-after-30-years/articleshow/56860436.cms |website=Bangalore Mirror}}</ref> It is the first [[film noir]] in [[Kannada cinema]], and the first Kannada film to be made without songs, dance, or stunt sequences.<ref name="vfs">{{Cite web |date=29 December 2012 |title=The Alfred Hitchcock of Kannada Cinema… |url=http://viewfinderscenes.wordpress.com/2012/12/29/he-was-the-hitchcock-of-kannada-films/ |access-date=31 October 2014 |website=viewfinderscenes.wordpress.com}}</ref> The film stars [[Shankar Nag]], [[Vanitha Vasu]] and [[Devaraj]]. The film also features [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]], Shivaraj and Praveen Nayak in supporting roles.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Sunil Kumar Desai returns to suspense thrillers genre |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/sunil-kumar-desai-returns-to-suspense-thrillers-genre/articleshow/65344507.cms |website=Bangalore Mirror}}</ref> The film revolves around an escaped convict who finds the body of a man in his childhood friend's house.

Inspired by [[B. R. Chopra]]'s thrillers, Desai started working on a script in the late 80's. After completing the script he tried to find a [[Film producer|producer]] who could produce the project, but in vain. Producers rejected the film due to its unconventional script and complete lack of commercial elements. However, eventually his friend, Praveen agreed to produce the film under the banner of Rachana. Due to financial constraints filming and post-production took almost 1.5 years to complete. The filming was handled by P. Rajan, and the background score was composed by [[Gunal Singh|Guna Singh]]. The editing of the film was done by A. Subramanyam.

''Tarka'' was released on 1 January 1989, on [[New Year's Day]]; it received critical acclaim, primarily for [[Devaraj]]'s and [[Vanitha Vasu|Vasu]]'s performance, and was awarded two [[Karnataka State Film Awards]] for [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] and [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Sound Recording|Best Sound Record]]. It was a commercial success, running for more than 100 days in theatres.<ref name=":1">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0kCYzGPnoY |title=Weekend With Ramesh – Episode 15 – September 20, 2014 |date=31 October 2014 |publisher=Zee Kannada |place=India |people=Tarka}}</ref> Desai won the [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Kannada|Filmfare Award for Best Director]] at the [[36th Filmfare Awards South]].<ref name="ti2"/> It was remade in [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] in 1990 as ''[[Puriyaadha Pudhir]]'' and in [[Hindi]] in 1997 as ''[[Chupp]]''.<ref name="ti2"/> A [[Malayalam]] remake titled ''Chodhyam'' was made in 1990 with [[Mohanlal]] in the lead role but was never released.<ref name="vfs" />

== Plot ==
Akshay (Shankar Nag), escapes from jail and is being chased by the police when he accidentally runs into the house of Sudha (Vanitha Vasu), a high school classmate of his. He hides in a closet when Inspector Cowry (Avinash) knocks on the door. As he hides, he finds the corpse of her husband, Rithwik Kumar (Devaraj) dumped there. The officer breaks the news to Sudha that the plane by which her husband Kumar traveled to Calcutta crashed, killing all the passengers. She appears shocked and breaks down in front of the officer. After he leaves, she reveals to Akshay that she killed her husband and confides in him. He joins her in disposing of the corpse in an abandoned well by her estate.

Sudha narrates to Akshay the reason she killed him, shown in a series of broken sequences. Kumar, who has schizophrenia is suspicious of his wife's fidelity and is unable to make love to her. He hallucinates scenes of her making love to her male friends, among whom is Shashidhar, a friend whom she meets often. Planning on catching them "red-handed", he plans a fake trip to Calcutta, and returns to his house to find them talking, the following day of his departure. Mad with rage, he attacks Sudha intending to kill her, but an accidental turn of events leading to his death, makes her believe that Shashidhar killed him. Shashidhar, in pursuit to report the matter at the police station, is hit by a police vehicle and finds himself admitted in a hospital.

At present, Akshay disguising as Harish, a friend of Kumar's, meets the mourners and appears to offer support to Sudha. Sudha receives phone calls from a person who demands a ransom from her husband's property that she inherits following his death, blackmailing her that he would otherwise report the matter of her killing and disposing of Kumar's corpse, to the police. The blackmailer directs her to come to a spot with an amount of {{INR}} 2 lakhs. Pursued by the police, the blackmailer, who emerges to be Cowry, is arrested. Cowry reveals that he saw Sudha and Akshay throwing Kumar's corpse in the estate well and decided to blackmail Sudha. Following a further investigation at the crime scene the investigating officer gets to know that the weapon used in the murder was a knife. Using this as evidence, he reveals the murderer as Akshay, who then confesses to his crime. Akshay narrates a story of his girlfriend Smitha, who was murdered by Kumar, after she humiliated him due to his irrational behaviour and blames Akshay for the murder. A few days later, Akshay escapes from the prison and walks straight into Kumar's house where he kills him, thus avenging Smitha's death, Akshay seizes the opportunity of the ensuing drama in the house between Kumar and Sudha and slits Kumar's throat unseen by Sudha. Akshay gets arrested along with Sudha and is brought to jail by a police vehicle. Akshay tackles the cops, escaping again.

== Cast ==
* [[Shankar Nag]] as Akshay / Harish
* [[Vanitha Vasu (Kannada actor)|Vanitha Vasu]] as Sudha
* [[Devaraj]] as Ritwik Kumar
* [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]] as Inspector Cowry
* Shivaraj
* Vijayaranjini in a cameo appearance
* Uday in a cameo appearance
* Shashidhar Bhat
* Praveen Nayak
* Sudhakar Pai
* Kumar
* [[Tennis Krishna]]
* M. S. L. Murthy
* Nagendra
* Srikanth
* Sampath Kumar

== Production ==
{{Quote box
| quote = Those days, family-orientated films featuring [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]] and [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]] ruled the box office. And, here I was saying my film will have three grey characters, will be shot in a house, without action scenes, songs, hero or villain. People looked at me as if I had lost my mind. Finally they would ask, ‘will there be at least a little comedy?’ When I said no, they would not invest.”<ref name=ta />
| source =  – Sunil Kumar Desai, in 2019
| align = right
| width = 30%
}}
After dropping out of college at the age of 20 Desai went to [[Bangalore|Bengaluru]] to enter the [[Kannada cinema|film industry]]. To enter the industry he joined Adarsh Film Institute however, he dropped out as the Institute did not offer a course in film direction. He next searched for someone to work with. His friend, Shivaraj introduced him to director [[Kashinath (actor)|Kashinath]]. His background in architecture helped Desai and soon he found himself designing the posters and the title for ''[[Anubhava (film)|Anubhava]]''. Next, Desai worked with [[Suresh Heblikar]] for ''[[Aaganthuka|Aganthuka]].'' Since, Heblikar himself was starring in the film Desai became the second-unit director.

He then, decided to write a script for his directorial debut. In an interview with ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' he said, "I wanted to make a thriller. I had watched all of [[B. R. Chopra]]’s thrillers including ''[[Gumrah (1963 film)|Gumrah]], [[Kanoon]]'' and ''[[Ittefaq (1969 film)|Ittefaq]]...'' I loved his films and started writing the story of ''Tarka'' ."<ref name=ta /> After completing the script Desai tried to get funding for the project, but in vain. The major reason of the rejection was due to the [[parallel cinema]] tone to the script's subject matter, but finally his close friend Praveen agreed to produce the film.

Then, Desai approached [[Shankar Nag]], who was popular as the ''Karate King'' at the time through a friend. Desai approached Nag as he had earlier starred in other offbeat films like ''[[Minchina Ota (1980 film)|Minchina Ota]]'' (1980) and ''[[Accident (1985 film)|Accident]]'' (1985). Nag asked Desai to narrate the story of ''Takra'' in five minutes, which he did and Nag came on board. Nag was given an advance of ₹10,000 and was paid ₹50,000 in total. About the film's filming Desai would say, "The shoot would stop every time the money was exhausted and resume when he got a little money. “The sporadic flow of funds caused ''Tarka'' to take almost a year-and-a-half to be completed, with dubbing, re-recording and editing."<ref name=ta />

== Themes ==
The film is known for exploring mental health illness.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Deshpande |first=Sanjana |date=2021-02-01 |title='Manasa Sarovara' to 'Bhinna': How mental health is stereotyped in Kannada cinema |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/karnataka/manasa-sarovara-bhinna-how-mental-health-stereotyped-kannada-cinema-143755 |access-date=2024-12-02 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==
The film was critically acclaimed and ran successfully. It was a breakthrough in Desai's career. It ran for 21 weeks in Sapna theatre, Bangalore and for 100 days in multiple centers like Mysore, Davngere and Hubli.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|1319174}}

{{Sunil Kumar Desai}}
{{The Unexpected Guest}}

[[Category:1989 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:1989 Indian films]]
[[Category:1989 crime thriller films]]
[[Category:1989 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:1989 films]]
[[Category:Films based on works by Agatha Christie]]
[[Category:Films directed by Sunil Kumar Desai]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Kannada films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Kannada-language crime thriller films]]

Alma mater

2026-03-25T21:47:41Z

SharePoint Press: cleanup formatting further and cleaned formatting based on references

{{short description|School or university that a person has attended or graduated from}}
{{For-multi|the type of song|Alma mater (song)|other uses|Alma mater (disambiguation)}}
[[File:Columbia University, NYC (June 2014) - 09.JPG|thumb|The ''[[Alma Mater (New York sculpture)|Alma Mater]]'' statue at [[Columbia University]] in [[New York City]], cast by [[Daniel Chester French]] in 1903]]
'''Alma mater''' ({{Langx|la|[[Wikt:almus#Latin|alma]] [[Wikt:mater#Latin|mater]]|link=no}}; {{plural form}}: '''almae matres''') is an [[allegory|allegorical]] [[Latin]] phrase meaning 'nourishing mother'. It personifies a [[school]] that a person has attended or graduated from.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180513081122/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/alma_mater?filter=dictionary&query=Alma "alma"], Oxford Dictionaries. Retrieved October 11, 2018.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Definition of 'Alma mater'|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/alma%20mater |website=[[Merriam-Webster]]|access-date=3 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Ayto |first=John |title=Word Origins |edition=2nd |year=2005 |publisher=A&C Black |location=London |isbn=9781408101605 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hsRISNLSSHAC&q=alma%20mater |access-date=18 May 2015}}</ref> The term is related to ''[[alumnus]]'', meaning 'nursling', which describes a school graduate.<ref>{{cite book |last=Cresswell |first=Julia |title=Oxford Dictionary of Word Origins |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2010 |page=12 |isbn=978-0199547937 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J4i3zV4vnBAC&pg=PA12 |access-date=18 May 2015}}</ref>

In its earliest usage, ''alma mater'' was an [[epithet|honorific title]] for various [[mother goddess]]es, especially [[Ceres (mythology)|Ceres]] or [[Cybele]].<ref name=OED>''Shorter [[Oxford English Dictionary]]'', 3rd edition</ref> Later, in [[Catholicism]], it became a title for [[Mary, mother of Jesus]]. By the early 17th century, the nursing mother became an allegory for universities. Used by many schools in [[Europe]] and North America, it has special association with the [[University of Bologna]], whose motto ''Alma Mater Studiorum'' ("nurturing mother of studies") emphasizes its role in [[List of oldest universities in continuous operation|originating the modern university]].

Several university campuses in [[North America]] display artistic representations of ''alma mater'', depicted as a robed woman wearing a [[laurel wreath]] crown. The earliest and most famous of these is the bronze [[Alma Mater (New York sculpture)|''Alma Mater'' statue]] at [[Columbia University]], designed in 1901 by [[Daniel Chester French]]. In the US the term ''alma mater'' is often used to describe a school song.<ref>{{cite web|title=Alma Mater|first=Charles E.|last=Martin|date=July 14, 2003|publisher=Mississippi College Department of Music|url=https://music.mc.edu/ensembles/band/alma-mater}}</ref>

==Etymology==
[[File:Legate John, Alma Mater Cantabrigia Emblem 1600 (Golden Chaine print).jpg|thumb|[[John Legate|John Legate's]] Alma Mater for the [[University of Cambridge]], written in 1600, the first known use of the term]]
Although ''alma'' (nourishing) was a common epithet for [[Ceres (mythology)|Ceres]], [[Cybele]], [[Venus (mythology)|Venus]], and other mother goddesses, it was not frequently used in conjunction with ''mater'' in classical Latin.<ref name="Sollors-1986">{{cite book |last=Sollors |first=Werner |author-link=Werner Sollors |title=Beyond Ethnicity: Consent and Descent in American Culture |url=https://archive.org/details/beyondethnicityc00soll |url-access=registration |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1986 |isbn= 9780198020721 |page=[https://archive.org/details/beyondethnicityc00soll/page/78 78]}}</ref> In the ''[[Oxford Latin Dictionary]]'', the full phrase's origin is attributed to ''[[De rerum natura]]'', in which Lucretius uses the term as an epithet for an unnamed earth goddess:
<poem lang="la" style="margin-left:1em; float:left;">Denique caelesti sumus omnes semine oriundi
omnibus ille idem pater est, unde alma liquentis
umoris guttas mater cum terra recepit (2.991–993)<ref>{{Cite Wikisource|wslanguage=la|wslink=De rerum natura (Titus Lucretius Carus)|title=De rerum natura|chapter=Liber II|author=[[Lucretius|Titus Lucretius Carus]]}}</ref></poem>
<poem style="margin-left:1em; float:left;">We are all sprung from that celestial seed,
all of us have same father, from whom earth,
the nourishing mother, receives drops of liquid moisture</poem>{{Clear|left}}

After the [[fall of Rome]], the term was used in Christian liturgy to describe [[Mary, mother of Jesus|Jesus' mother, Mary]]. "[[Alma Redemptoris Mater]]" is a well-known eleventh century [[antiphon]] devoted to Mary.<ref name="Sollors-1986" />

The earliest documented use of the term to refer to a university is in 1600, when the [[University of Cambridge]] printer, [[John Legate]], began using an emblem for the [[Cambridge University Press|university press]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Stokes |first=Henry Paine |title=Cambridge stationers, printers, bookbinders, &c. |year=1919 |location=Cambridge |publisher=Bowes & Bowes |page=12 |url=https://archive.org/stream/cambridgestation00stokrich#page/12/mode/2up |access-date=18 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Roberts |first=S. C. |author-link=Sydney Castle Roberts |title=A History of the Cambridge University Press 1521–1921 |date=1921 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |url=https://archive.org/stream/historyofcambrid00roberich#page/34/mode/2up |access-date=18 May 2015}}</ref> The first-known appearance of the device is in [[William Perkins (theologian)|William Perkins']], ''A Golden Chain'', a book first printed by Legate in 1600. On the title-page, the Latin phrase ''Alma Mater Cantabrigia'' ("nourishing mother Cambridge") is inscribed on a pedestal bearing a lactating woman wearing a [[mural crown]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Stubbings |first=Frank H. |title=Bedders, Bulldogs and Bedells: A Cambridge Glossary |edition=2nd |year=1995 |page=39}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Perkins |first=William |author-link=William Perkins (theologian) |title=A Golden Chaine: Or, the Description of Theologie, containing the order and causes of salvation and damnation, according to God's word |year=1600 |publisher=University of Cambridge |location=Cambridge |url=https://archive.org/details/goldenchaineorde00perk |access-date=18 May 2015}}</ref>

In reference works of English etymology, often the first university-related usage is cited as 1710, when an academic mother figure is mentioned in a remembrance of [[Henry More]] by Richard Ward.<ref>{{cite web |last=Harper |first=Douglas |title=Alma mater |website=Online Etymological Dictionary |url=https://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Alma+Mater |access-date=18 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Ward |first=Richard |date=1710 |title=The Life of the Learned and Pious Dr. Henry More, Late Fellow of Christ's College in Cambridge |publisher=Joseph Downing |location=London |page=148 |url=https://archive.org/stream/lifelearnedandp00wardgoog#page/n178/mode/1up |access-date=18 May 2015}}</ref>

==Special use==
[[File:Archiginnasio ora blu Bologna.jpg|thumb|The [[University of Bologna]], the [[List of oldest universities in continuous operation|world's oldest university in continuous operation]], known in Latin as {{Lang|la|Alma Mater Studiorum}} (nourishing mother of studies).]]

Many historic European universities have adopted ''Alma Mater'' as part of the Latin translation of their official name. The Latin name of the [[University of Bologna]], {{Lang|la|Alma Mater Studiorum}} (nourishing mother of studies), refers to its status as the [[List of oldest universities in continuous operation|oldest continuously operating university in the world]]. At other European universities, such as the [[Leipzig University|Alma Mater Lipsiensis]] in Leipzig, Germany, or [[Jagiellonian University|Alma Mater Jagiellonica]], Poland, the title emphasizes historic ties to a founding city or dynasty.

The [[Alma Mater Europaea]] in [[Salzburg]], Austria, an international university founded by the [[European Academy of Sciences and Arts]] in 2010, uses the term as its official name.

In the [[United States]], the [[College of William & Mary]] in [[Williamsburg, Virginia]], has been called the "Alma Mater of the Nation" because of its ties to the founding of the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wm.edu/about/history/|title= History & Traditions|publisher=William & Mary }}</ref>

At [[Queen's University at Kingston|Queen's University]] in [[Kingston, Ontario]], and the [[University of British Columbia]] in Vancouver, British Columbia, the main student government is known as the Alma Mater Society.

==Monuments==
Sculptures of ''Alma Mater'' are found on several North American university campuses. In 1901, to commemorate the opening of the [[Low Library]], [[Columbia University]] commissioned [[Daniel Chester French]] to design a bronze statue of for the library's steps. French chose the ''alma mater'' to allegorically embody the university without depicting its founder, King George II.<ref name=Holzer>{{cite book |last=Holzer |first=Harold |title=Monument Man: The Life and Art of Daniel Chester French |publisher=Princeton Architectural Press |location=New Jersey |year=2019 |pages=207–211}}</ref> A similar sculpture, cast in 1919 by [[Mario Korbel]], sits on the main entrance steps at the [[University of Havana]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Cremata Ferrán|first1=Mario|title=Dos rostros, dos estatuas habaneras|url=http://www.opushabana.cu/index.php/articulos/36-articulos-casa-de-papel/4031-mario-cremata-ferran|website=Opus Habana|date=20 February 2014|access-date=21 January 2015|archive-date=18 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318072218/http://www.opushabana.cu/index.php/articulos/36-articulos-casa-de-papel/4031-mario-cremata-ferran|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Other tributes to ''alma mater'' include [[Lorado Taft|Lorado Taft's]] ''[[Alma Mater (Illinois sculpture)|1929 sculpture]]'' at the [[University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign]] and [[Cyrus Edwin Dallin|Cyrus Dallin's]] 1925 sculpture at the [[Mary Institute and St. Louis Country Day School|Mary Institute]] in 1925, commissioned by [[Washington University in St. Louis|Washington University]] supporters.

An altarpiece mural in Yale University's [[Sterling Memorial Library]], painted in 1932 by [[Eugene Savage]], depicts the ''Alma Mater'' as a bearer of light and truth, standing in the midst of figures representing the arts and sciences.

{{Gallery
| title = Depictions of ''Alma Mater''
| align = center
| footer =
| style =
| state =
| height = 200px
| width =
| perrow =
| mode = packed
| whitebg =
| noborder = yes
| captionstyle =
| File: Universidad de la habana fachada.JPG
| ''Alma Mater'' at the [[University of Havana]]
| alt1=
| File:Alma Mater Restored 2014.jpg
| ''[[Alma Mater (Illinois sculpture)|Alma Mater]]'' by [[Lorado Taft]] (1929) at the [[University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign]]
| alt2=
| File: Alma Mater statue by Cyrus Dallin - vertical.jpg
| ''[[Alma Mater (Missouri sculpture)|Alma Mater]]'' by Cyrus Dallin at [[Mary Institute and St. Louis Country Day School]]
| alt3=
| File: Yale Alma Mater Mural Highsmith.jpg
| ''Alma Mater'' altarpiece mural by Eugene Savage at [[Yale University]]
| alt4=
}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline}}
* {{Wiktionary-inline}}

[[Category:School terminology]]
[[Category:Latin words and phrases]]
[[Category:Academic terminology]]

Mathur, Chennai

2026-03-24T14:47:17Z

SharePoint Press: starting first data w/ refs!

{{about|a neighbourhood of Chennai||Mathur (disambiguation){{!}}Mathur}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{original research|date=September 2021}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=August 2020}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mathur
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Neighbourhood
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Chennai#Tamil Nadu#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|13.17155|N|80.24748|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Chennai district|Chennai]]
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| subdivision_type4 = Metro
| subdivision_name4 = [[Chennai]]
| subdivision_type5 = [[List of Chennai Corporation wards|Zone & Ward]]
| subdivision_name5 = [[Manali, Chennai|Manali Zone 2]] & Ward 19
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 14.21
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 22
| population_total = 27,674
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 600068
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 044-2555
| registration_plate = TN-18-xxxx & TN-20-xxxx (old)
| blank1_name_sec1 = Civic agency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Greater Chennai Corporation]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Urban planning|Planning]] agency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority|CMDA]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[List of cities and towns in India by population|City]]
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Chennai]]
| blank5_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank5_info_sec1 = [[Madhavaram (State Assembly Constituency)|Madhavaram]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Member of parliament|MP]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = Tiruvallur, K. Jayakumar, [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| blank2_name_sec2 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
| blank2_info_sec2 = Madhavaram S. Sudharsanam, [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
| blank3_name_sec2 = [[Councillor|MC]]
| blank3_info_sec2 = Vacant
| website = http://www.chennaicorporation.gov.in/
| footnotes =
}}

'''Mathur''' is a residential area located north of [[Chennai]], a metropolitan city in Tamil Nadu, India. Mathur is administered by the [[Greater Chennai Corporation]] and belongs to [[Madhavaram taluk|Madhavaram]] taluk of Chennai district.

==Location==
Mathur is located north of Chennai with [[Manali, Chennai|Manali]] in the east and [[Madhavaram Milk Colony]] to the south. Other neighboring areas include [[Madhavaram, Chennai|Madhavaram]], [[Kosappur]] and [[Kodungaiyur]].

==History==
In earlier days Mathur is a rural area comprising the villages Periyamathur and Chinnamathur. In the early 1990s the [[Tamil Nadu Housing Board]] and the [[Madras Metropolitan Development Authority]] planned and developed a township in the village of Periyamathur and named as Mathur MMDA. In October 2011, the erstwhile Mathur village panchayat is merged with [[Greater Chennai Corporation]] and it came under the jurisdiction of [[Greater Chennai Corporation]].<ref>{{cite news|title=More areas to come under Chennai Corporation|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/more-areas-to-come-under-chennai-corporation/article128605.ece|website=The Hindu|date=30 December 2009|access-date=6 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Expanded Chennai Corporation to be divided into 3 regions|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Chennai/article2658830.ece|website=The Hindu|date=25 November 2011|access-date=6 December 2015}}</ref> Though Mathur was merged into [[Greater Chennai Corporation]] on 24 October 2011 it remained as a part of [[Madhavaram taluk]] in [[Thiruvallur district]] till 15 August 2018 which was later added into [[Chennai district]] officially with other areas fall under the [[Greater Chennai Corporation]] limits.<ref>{{cite news |title=With suburbs, Chennai district officially doubles in size |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/with-suburbs-chennai-district-officially-doubles-in-size/articleshow/65668183.cms |access-date=13 June 2020 |agency=Times of India |date=4 September 2018}}</ref> On 11 June 2020, the Government of Tamil Nadu renamed Mathur as '''Maaththoor''' along with other neighborhoods and towns of Tamil Nadu as per the pronunciation in Tamil language and later withdrawn the move within a week.<ref>{{cite news |title=தமிழ் உச்சரிப்புக்கு ஏற்ப ஆங்கிலத்தில் ஊர் பெயரை எழுதும் வகையில் மாற்றம்: தமிழக அரசின் அரசிதழில் வெளியீடு |url=http://www.dinakaran.com/News_Detail.asp?Nid=592640 |access-date=13 June 2020 |publisher=Dinakaran |date=12 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Tamil Nadu withdraws GO on name change of 1,018 towns, cities |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/south/tamil-nadu-withdraws-go-on-name-change-of-1018-towns-cities-851134.html |access-date=22 June 2023 |date=18 June 2020}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{bar box|title=Religious census|titlebar=#ddd|left1=Religion|right1=Percent(%)|float=left|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism|Hindu]]|Orange|84.40}}{{bar percent|[[Islam|Muslim]]|Green|6.05}}{{bar percent|[[Christianity|Christian]]|purple|8.72}}{{bar percent|[[Sikhism|Sikh]]|yellow|0.17}}{{bar percent|[[Buddhism|Buddhist]]|Gold|0.02}}{{bar percent|[[Jainism|Jain]]|Blue|0.09}}{{bar percent|Other|grey|0.05}}{{bar percent|[[Irreligion|No religion]]|violet|0.39}}}}
According to [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Mathur had a population of 27,674 with 14,081 males and 13,593 females.<ref name=2011census>{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals - Mathur|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=674658|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=16 June 2014}}</ref> A total of 2,980 were under the age of six, constituting 1,607 males and 1,373 females. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] accounted for 16.57% and .13% of the population, respectively. The average literacy of the town was 80.41%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.<ref name="dashboard">{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> The town had a total of 6886 households. There were a total of 10,160 workers, comprising 64 cultivators, 97 main agricultural labourers, 79 in house hold industries, 7,871 other workers, 2,049 marginal workers, 24 marginal cultivators, 99 marginal agricultural labourers, 77 marginal workers in household industries and 1,849 other marginal workers. There were a total of 17,514 non workers. As per the religious census of 2011, Mathur had 84.40% [[Hindus]], 6.05% [[Muslims]], 8.72% [[Christians]], 0.17% [[Sikhs]], 0.02% [[Buddhists]], 0.09% [[Jainism|Jains]], 0.05% following other religions and 0.39% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference.<ref name=religion2011>{{cite web|title=Population By Religious Community - Tamil Nadu|year=2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|format=XLS|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref>
{{Clear}}

==Transportation==

MTC Routes

Some of the bus services originated/passing through are as follows:

Note: Ordinary buses are currently called as "Magalir Vidiyal Payana Perunthu" since 2021

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|style="background:blue; color:White"|Ordinary||style="background:green; color:yellow"|Express||style="background:red; color:white"|Deluxe
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsable plainrowheaders"
|-
|+MTC Routes
|-
!Route
!Origin
!Destination
!Via
!Status
!Fare
|-
|29D
|Mathur
|[[Vivekananda House]]
|Madhavaram MilkColony, Moolakkadai, Perambur, Purasai, Egmore, Triplicane, Pudupet
|Running
|style="background:blue; color:White"|Ordinary
|-
|56Dx
|Mathur
|[[Broadway, Chennai|Broadway]]
|Chinna Mathur, Manali B.S., CPCL, MFL, Thiruvottriyur Railway Gate, Thangal tollgate, Tondiarpet Depot, Royapuram, Beach Station
|Running
|style="background:blue; color:White"|Ordinary
|-
|64C
|[[Manali, Chennai|Manali]]
|[[Broadway, Chennai|Broadway]]
|Mathur Gate, Moolakkadai, Vyasarpadi Market, Veppery, Chennai Central
|Running
|style="background:blue; color:White"|Ordinary
|-
|64C
|[[Manali, Chennai|Manali]]
|[[Broadway, Chennai|Broadway]]
|Manali Market, Mathur Gate, Moolakkadai, Vyasarpadi Market, Veppery, Chennai Central
|Running
|style="background:red; color:white"|Deluxe
|-
|38A
|[[Manali, Chennai|Manali]]
|[[Broadway, Chennai|Broadway]]
|Chinna Mathur, Mathur Gate, Moolakkadai, MKB Nagar East, Mint Depot, Beach Station
|Running
|style="background:blue; color:White"|Ordinary
|-
|121A
|[[Manali, Chennai|Manali]]
|[[CMBT]]
|Manali Market, Mathur Gate, Moolakkadai, Rettery, Thirumangalam
|Running
|style="background:red; color:white"|Deluxe
|-
|121A
|[[Manali, Chennai|Manali]]
|[[CMBT]]
|Manali Market, Mathur Gate, Moolakkadai, Rettery, Thirumangalam
|Running
|style="background:blue; color:White"|Ordinary
|-
|121C
|[[Ennore]]
|[[CMBT]]
|Ernavoor, MFL, Manali Market, Mathur Gate, Moolakkadai, Rettery, Thirumangalam
|Running
|style="background:blue; color:White"|Ordinary
|-
|121C
|[[Ennore]]
|[[CMBT]]
|Ernavoor, MFL, Manali Market, Mathur Gate, Moolakkadai, Rettery, Thirumangalam
|Running
|style="background:red; color:white"|Deluxe
|-
|121D
|[[Manali New Town]]
|[[CMBT]]
|MFL, Manali Market, Mathur Gate, Moolakkadai, Rettery, Thirumangalam
|Running
|style="background:blue; color:White"|Ordinary
|-
|164
|[[Minjur]]
|[[Perambur]]
|Nappalayam, MFL, Manali Market, Mathur Gate, Thapal petti, Moolakkadai, Perambur Market
|Running
|style="background:green; color:yellow"|Express
|-
|164
|[[Minjur]]
|[[Perambur]]
|Nappalayam, MFL, Manali Market, Mathur Gate, Thapal petti, Moolakkadai, Perambur Market
|Running
|style="background:blue; color:White"|Ordinary
|-
|170Cx
|[[Manali, Chennai|Manali]]
|[[Guindy TVK Estate]]
|Manali Market, Mathur, Thapal petti, Moolakadai, Don Bosco school, [[Thiru.Vi.Ka Nagar]], Retteri junction, Thirumangalam, MGR CMBT, Vadapalani, Ekkatuthangal
|Running
|style="background:blue; color:white"|Ordinary
|-
|36V
|[[Thiruvottriyur]]
|[[Sengundram|Red Hills]]
|ITC Lift Gate, MFL, Manali Market, Periya Mathur, Vadakarai
|Running
|style="background:blue; color:White"|Ordinary
|-
|}

Extinct routes

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsable plainrowheaders"
|-
!Route
!Origin
!Destination
!Via
!Note
|-
|164
|Mathur
|Perambur
|Moolakkadai, Perambur Market
|Extended from Mathur to Minjur replacing 64P
|-
|64P
|Minjur
|Perambur
|MFL, Mathur, Moolakkadai, Perambur Market
|Renamed as 164
|-
|38H Extn
|Mathur
|Broadway
|Moolakkadai, Mint, Beach Station
|Extended to Manali and renamed as 38A
|-
|29Cx (Deluxe)
|Mathur
|Thiruvanmiyur
|Moolakkadai, Perambur, Chetpet, Sterling Road, Mylapore, Adayar
|Cut shorted to perambur;cancelled
|-
|64B
|Minjur
|Broadway
|MFL, Manali, Mathur, Moolakkadai, Perambur, Veppery, Chennai Central
|Replaced by 56P via thiruvottriyur, Mint, Beach station
|-
|121B
|Minjur
|CMBT
|MFL, Moolakkadai, Rettery, Thirumangalam
|Diverted via MFL Manali Road jn. MMBT and renamed as 121
|-
|56W
|Madhavaram
|Vallalar Nagar
|Mathur, Manali Market, Thiruvottriyur, Maharani
|Cancelled
|-
|}

Some of the buses alternatively run via Mathur if any roads are damaged
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|style="background:green; color:yellow"|Express
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsable plainrowheaders"
|-
!Route
!Origin
!Destination
!Via
!Diversion Route
!Fare
|-
|S62
|Manali
|Perambur
|Manali Market, Kodungaiyur, Moolakkadai, Perambur Market
|Diverted via Mathur Gate, Thapal petti instead of Kodungaiyur
|style="background:green; color:yellow"|Express
|-
|S63
|Manali
|Moolakkadai
|Manali Market, Chinna Sekkadu, Selavayol, Baljipalayam, KKD Nagar Depot, Erukkanchery
|Diverted via Mathur Gate, Thapal Petti
|style="background:green; color:yellow"|Express
|-
|}

Railways:
[[Thiruvottriyur railway station]] and [[Perambur Railway Station]] are the nearest Railway station in 5 km and 9 km respectively
People can board 164 to reach perambur railway station and 56Dx to reach Thiruvottriyur railway station. The station can be accessible by two wheeler vehicles too

==See also==
* [[Mathur aeri]]
* [[Madhavaram Botanical Garden]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.chennaicorporation.gov.in Greater Chennai Corporation official website]
*[https://chennai.nic.in/ Chennai District official website]
*[http://www.cmdachennai.gov.in/ CMDA official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008183728/http://www.cmdachennai.gov.in/ |date=8 October 2021 }}
*[http://www.cmdamaps.tn.nic.in/pdflinkcombine.php?lbcode=38&vname=Mathur,MP CDMA map of Mathur]{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}

{{Geographic location
|title = ''Directions From Mathur''
|Northwest = [[Vadaperumbakkam]] [towards [[Sengundram]]]
|North = [[Kosappur]] [towards [[Vichoor]]]
|Northeast = [[Manali New Town]] [towards [[Ennore]]]
|West = [[Assisi Nagar]], [[Manjambakkam]] [towards [[Madhavaram, Chennai|Madhavaram]]]
|Centre = Mathur
|East = [[Manali, Chennai|Manali]] [towards [[Thiruvottriyur]]]
|Southwest = [[Madhavaram, Chennai|Madhavaram]] [towards [[Kolathur, Chennai|Kolathur]]]
|South = [[Madhavaram Milk Colony]], [[Moolakadai]] [towards [[Perambur]]]
|Southeast = [[Chinnasekkadu]], [[Periyasekkadu]], [[Moolachatiram]] [towards [[Kodungaiyur]]]
}}

{{Chennai Topics}}
{{Areas of Chennai}}
{{Neighbourhoods of Chennai}}

{{Chennai district}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Chennai]]

Tapen Sen

2026-03-24T13:13:34Z

SharePoint Press: stub.

{{Short description|Indian judge}}
{{nofootnotes|date=February 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox judge
|honorific_prefix = [[Hon'ble]]
|name = Justice Tapen Sen
|honorific_suffix =
|image =
|alt =
|caption =
|office = President of the [[Jharkhand State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission]]
|office1 = Judge of the [[Calcutta High Court]]
|office2 = Judge, [[Punjab & Haryana High Court]]
|office3 = Judge, [[Jharkhand High Court]]
|term_start = October 2017
|term_start1 = January 2006
|term_start2 = January 2004
|term_start3 = January 2002
|term_end = October 2020
|term_end1 = 2 September 2015
|term_end2 = 2 January 2006
|term_end3 = January 2004
|nominator = 
|appointer = 
|successor = 
}}

'''Tapen Sen''' (born 2 September 1953) is a former judge of the [[Calcutta High Court]], the [[Punjab & Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana High Court]] and the [[Jharkhand High Court]] and currently the President of the Jharkhand State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission.

==Early life==
Born into a wealthy household in Hazaribagh, he completed his schooling from St. Xavier's School and passed his Indian School Examination conducted by the University of Cambridge Local examination Syndicate, U.K. by securing first Division in 1970. He graduated from St. Columba's College, [[Hazaribag]] in 1974. He passed his LL.B. Examination from Chotanagpur Law College [[Ranchi]] in 1979.

==Career==
He joined [[Ranchi]] Bench of Patna High Court in 1980 and handled cases including [[writs]], [[criminal law]], [[civil law (common law)|civil law]], [[arbitration]], matrimonial disputes and labour disputes. He was appointed counsel for the State Government of [[Bihar]] as Government Pleader for the Ranchi Bench of the [[Patna High Court]] on 25 July 1997, which he declined citing personal reasons. He was retained as counsel for various state owned enterprises.

He was elevated as a Permanent Judge of the Jharkhand High Court on 28 January 2002.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

* {{cite web|last1=Sen|first1=Tapen|title=Jharkhand High Court Judges|url=http://jharkhandhighcourt.nic.in/Tapen_Sen.html|website=www.jharkhandhighcourt.nic.in|publisher=National Informatics Centre|accessdate=15 March 2016|ref=Jharkhand High Court}}
* {{cite news|last1=Sen|first1=Tapen|title=Important Verdicts|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Path-breaking-HC-order-on-criminal-complaints/articleshow/21290678.cms|accessdate=15 March 2016|work=Criminal Justice|agency=The Times of India|issue=Kolkata|publisher=The Times of India|date=24 July 2013}}
* {{cite web|last1=Sen|first1=Tapen|title=Landmark Verdicts|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120308/jsp/calcutta/story_15225151.jsp#.Vugc28dR3dk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310062748/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120308/jsp/calcutta/story_15225151.jsp#.Vugc28dR3dk|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 March 2012|website=The Telegraph|publisher=Ananda Bazaar Patrika|accessdate=15 March 2016}}
* {{cite web|last1=Sen|first1=Tapen|title=National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission|url=http://ncdrc.nic.in/statelist.html}}

==External links==
* [http://jharkhandhighcourt.nic.in/Tapen_Sen.html Jharkhand High Court]
* [http://ncdrc.nic.in/statelist.html National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sen, Tapen}}
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Judges of the Calcutta High Court]]
[[Category:Judges of the Punjab and Haryana High Court]]
[[Category:Judges of the Jharkhand High Court]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian judges]]

George M. Moraes

2026-03-13T04:23:19Z

SharePoint Press: Adding Basic Pg More To Come...

{{use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{short description|Indian historian and author (1905–1994)}}
{{distinguish|George Moraes (field hockey)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = George M. Moraes
| image = Portrait of George M. Moraes.jpg
| caption = Portrait of Moraes
| birth_name = George Mark Moraes
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1905|5|11|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Cuncolim]], [[Goa]], [[Portuguese India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1994|4|16|1905|5|11|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tecop.bnportugal.gov.pt/np4/moraes.html|title=TECOP Textos e Contextos do Orientalismo Português|website=tecop.bnportugal.gov.pt}}</ref>
| death_place =
| education = [[Doctor of Philosophy]] in English
| occupation = {{hlist|Historian|writer|professor}}
| employer = {{plainlist|
* [[St. Xavier's College, Mumbai|St. Xavier's College]]
* [[Royal Asiatic Society]]
* Indian Historical Research Commission}}
| years_active = 1927–1994
| notable_works = ''The Kadamba Kula: A History of Ancient and Mediaeval Karnataka'' (1931)
}}

'''George Mark Moraes''' (11 May 1905 – 16 April 1994),<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vaz |first=J. Clement |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7DJLxYBYA-YC&dq=george+m.+moraes&pg=PA27 |title=Profiles of Eminent Goans, Past and Present |date=1997 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-7022-619-2 |language=en}}</ref> known by his [[pen name]] '''George M. Moraes''', was an Indian historian, writer, and professor. He has over 29 historical and research works to his name which were published in 74 [[publication]]s and 542 [[Library catalog|library holdings]]. He is considered as one of the greatest [[Goan]] intellectuals and historians. Moraes is best known for his book, ''The Kadamba Kula: A History of Ancient and Mediaeval Karnataka'' (1931).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Khopre |first=Vijay |title=House of great historian, George Mark Moraes collapses |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/House-of-great-historian-George-Mark-Moraes-collapses/163128 |access-date=2022-10-09 |website=[[O Heraldo]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Moraes |first=George Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5nl0MwEACAAJ |title=The Kadamba Kula: A History of Ancient and Mediaeval Karnataka, Etc. [With Maps.]. |date=1931 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ṭikekara |first=Aruṇa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dz9wl5vvKCAC&dq=George+M.+Moraes&pg=PA272 |title=The Cloister's Pale: A Biography of the University of Mumbai |date=2006 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7991-293-5 |language=en}}</ref>

==Early life==
George Mark Moraes was born on 11 May 1905 at Bencleamvaddo (ward) at [[Cuncolim]], [[Portuguese India]] during the [[Portuguese Empire]] (now part of India). He had completed his [[Doctor of Philosophy]] (Ph.D) in English.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Another part of historian's house collapses in Cuncolim |work=The Navhind Times |date=September 2020 |url=https://www.navhindtimes.in/2020/09/01/goanews/another-part-of-historians-house-collapses-in-cuncolim/ |access-date=2022-10-10}}</ref>

==Career==
Moraes was a [[professor]] of history at [[St. Xavier's College, Mumbai]]. His book, ''The Kadamba Kula'' (1931) is his research on the [[Kadamba dynasty]]. According to [[Google Books]], his work was chosen by the [[scholars]] for being culturally important and is now part of the [[conceptualisation]] of [[civilization]]. He has also authored books like ''History of Christians in India'', ''Historiography of Indian Languages'', and many others, published in several editions. Moraes was also employed in institutions like the [[Royal Asiatic Society]] and the Indian Historical Research Commission.<ref name=":0" />

==Legacy==
Some locals attempted to set up a library in honour of Moraes, and on 18 July 2020, they demanded that the newly constructed Goa State Urban Development Agency (GSUDA) building be named after him.<ref name=":0" />

==2020 heritage house incident==
On 17 July 2020, Moraes's heritage house at Bencleamvaddo, [[Cuncolim]], collapsed due to continuous rains. The house had been in a poor condition for many years, and its state had worsened over time. The ceiling of the house had already crumbled during the monsoons in 2019, and the remainder of the house fell apart.<ref>{{Cite news |last=M. |first=Johnny |date=2020-07-18 |title=Goa: Part of historian's house in Cuncolim collapses in rain |language=en |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/part-of-historians-house-in-cuncolim-collapses-in-rain/articleshow/77027858.cms |access-date=2022-10-10}}</ref>

Prior to the crumbling of the house, the distant relatives of Moraes were in the process of claiming ownership of the property to sell it. However, the locals of Cuncolim appealed to the Cuncolim Municipal Council to acquire the land and the heritage house to build a children's park in Moraes's memory. The locals then questioned why the state administration and local government had not taken any initiative to preserve Moraes's home as a historical heritage site.<ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:1905 births]]
[[Category:1994 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian writers]]
[[Category:Writers from South Goa district]]
[[Category:Academics from Goa]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian historians]]

Dilli Ka Thug

2026-03-11T16:39:48Z

SharePoint Press: general improve intro per standard format

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Dilli Ka Thug
| image = Dilli Ka Thug poster.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = S. D. Narang
| producer = S. D. Narang
| writer = H. A. Rahi
| screenplay = Z.Hussain
| story = Z.Hussain
| narrator =
| starring = [[Kishore Kumar]] [[Nutan]]
| music = [[Ravi (music director)|Ravi]]
| cinematography = G. Singh F. C. Marconi (Colour)
| editing = Mohan Rathod
| studio = Famous Cine Lab & Studios Ltd.
| distributor = New Oriental Pictures
| released = {{Film date|1958}}
| runtime = 132 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = 
}}

'''''Dilli Ka Thug''''' (''The Gangster of Delhi'') is a 1958 [[Hindi]]-language [[comedy film]] directed by S. D. Narang.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dilli Ka Thug (1958) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/dilli-ka-thug-2498 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814142442/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/dilli-ka-thug-2498 |url-status=live |archive-date=14 August 2020 |access-date=2022-04-22 |website=Cinestaan}}</ref> It stars [[Kishore Kumar]], [[Nutan]], [[Madan Puri]] and [[Iftekhar]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Dilli Ka Thug |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/dilli-ka-thug |access-date=2022-04-22}}</ref> The music was by [[Ravi (music director)|Ravi]] and the lyrics were by [[S.H. Bihari]], [[Shailendra (lyricist)|Shailendra]] and [[Majrooh Sultanpuri]].

==Plot==
Kishore Kumar Sharma gambles and tricks people to make money. On being confronted by his mother, he decides to find a job and lands one in Mumbai, where he continues wooing Asha. Kishore's father and his friend were murdered by the notorious Anantram who now wears a mask to hide his true identity, continues manufacturing spurious medicines and also passes as Asha's uncle. The firm employing Kishore is run by Anantram and his two henchmen Sevakram and Bihari. Anantram goes to murder Kishore in the hospital, but drops his monocle, which makes inspector Dilip Singh suspicious. He manages to take Anantram's fingerprints on Sohan Lal's wallet and figures out the truth. What follows is a dramatic air-borne sequence where Anantram is beaten by Kishore and shot by Asha. Kishore manages to land the airplane after the pilots lose consciousness.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dilli-Ka-Thug (1958) Movie: Watch Full Movie Online on JioCinema |url=https://www.jiocinema.com/movies/dilli-ka-thug?type=0&id=32407e00915011ea89645106a19c19c7 |access-date=2022-04-22 |website=Jiocinema }}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Kishore Kumar]] as Kishore Kumar Sharma
* [[Nutan]] as Asha
* [[Madan Puri]] as Bihari
* [[Iftekhar]] as Inspector Dilip Singh
* Krishnakant as Sewakram
* Pratima Devi as Mrs. Sharma
* Ratna Bhushan as Radha Sharma
* [[Smriti Biswas]] as Dancer Lily (In the song O Babu O Lala)
* [[Minoo Mumtaz]] as Dancer (In the song Kisi Ka Dil Lena Ho)
* Kumud Tripathi as Jaggu
* Ratan Gaurang as Kishore's punter
* Amar as Professor Amarnath
* Mirajkar as Subramaniam
* Brahm Bharadwaj as Prosecutor lawyer

== Production ==
[[Madhubala]] was the initial choice for the female lead role. She left the film due to health issues, and was replaced by Nutan.{{sfn|Bhattacharjee|Dhar|2022|page=242}}

==Soundtrack==
The background score and soundtrack were composed by [[Ravi (music director)|Ravi]], while the lyrics were penned by [[Majrooh Sultanpuri|Majrooh]], [[Shailendra (lyricist)|Shailendra]] and [[S. H. Bihari]]. The song "Cat Mane Billi" was later adapted as the Tamil song "B.O.Y. Boy Inna Paiyan " for ''[[Thilakam (1960 film)|Thilakam]]'' (1960).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/blast-from-the-past-thilakam-1959/article6555579.ece|title=Thilakam 1959|last=Guy|first=Randor|date=2014-11-01|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-12-02|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

===Track listing===
{|class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singer
|-
| "Hum To Mohabbat Karega"
| [[Kishore Kumar]]
|-
| "C A T Cat, Cat Mane Billi, R A T Rat, Rat Mane Chooha"
| Kishore Kumar, [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
| "[https://lyricalwings.com/ye-raate-ye-mausam-nadi-ka-kinara-lyrics/ Yeh Raaten, Yeh Mausam, Nadi Ka Kinara]"
| Kishore Kumar, Asha Bhosle
|-
| "O Bandariya"
| Kishore Kumar
|-
| "Seekh Le Babu Pyar Ka Jadu"
| Asha Bhosle
|-
| "Yeh Bahar, Yeh Sama"
| Asha Bhosle
|-
| "Kisi Ka Dil Lena Ho"
| Asha Bhosle
|-
| "O Babu, O Lala"
| [[Geeta Dutt]]
|-
|}

==References==
* {{cite book | last1=Bhattacharjee | first1=Anirudha | last2=Dhar | first2=Parthiv | title=[[Kishore Kumar: The Ultimate Biography]] |year=2022 | publisher=Harper Collins India | isbn=978-9356291713 }}

{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0247291}}

[[Category:1958 films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:1958 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1958 comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ravi]]
[[Category:Hindi-language comedy films]]
[[Category:Films set in Delhi]]

{{1950s-Hindi-film-stub}}
{{1950s-comedy-film-stub}}

Nalini Bala Devi

2026-03-09T04:55:41Z

SharePoint Press: reworked intro further and improved wording

{{Short description|Indian writer and poet (1898–1977)}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{ infobox writer
| name = Nalini Bala Devi
| image = NaliniBalaDeviPic.jpg
| imagesize =
| alt =
| caption =
| pseudonym =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 23 March 1898
| birth_place = [[Guwahati]], Assam
| death_date = 24 December 1977 (aged 79)
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| occupation = Poet, writer
| language = [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
| nationality = Indian
| ethnicity =
| citizenship = India
| education =
| alma_mater =
| period =
| genre =
| subject =
| movement =
| notableworks = Sondhiyara Sur Alakananda
| spouse = Jibeswar Changkakoti
| partner =
| children =
| relatives =
| influences =
| influenced =
| awards = [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] [[Padma Shri]]
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website =
}}
'''Nalini Bala Devi''' (23 March 1898– 24 December 1977) was an Indian writer and poet of [[Assamese literature]],<ref>{{cite news |title=An author & a trailblazer personality|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040209/asp/northeast/story_2872795.asp |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130203124211/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040209/asp/northeast/story_2872795.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 February 2013 |newspaper= The Telegraph|date=9 February 2004 |access-date=18 September 2012}}</ref> known for nationalistic as well as mystical poetry.<ref name=skdhil>[[#Da|Das, p. 197]]</ref> She was awarded the [[Padma Shri]] by the [[Government of India]] in 1957 for her contribution to literature, and 1968 she won the [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] given by [[Sahitya Akademi]] (India's National Academy of Letters) for her poetry collection ''Alakananda''. She is the first woman Assamese poet to be awarded with Padma Shri and the first lady to the chair the Assam Sahitya Sabha.

==Biography==
She was born in [[Guwahati]], [[Assam]] in 1898. Her father, ''Karmaveer'' [[Nabin Chandra Bardoloi|Nabin Chandra Bordoloi]] (1875–1936), was an Assamese [[Indian freedom movement]] activist and writer. She wrote her first poem, ''Pita'' at age 10, and was married at age 12, but her husband, Jeeveshwar Changkakoti, died when she was 19. Two of her sons also died early in her life. She began writing poems, with emotion, tragedy, patriotism and devotion as central themes, which are still acclaimed in Assamese literature.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nalinibala Devi remembered |url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/details.asp?id=jan0109/State6 |newspaper=Assam Tribune |date=1 January 2009 |access-date=18 September 2012 |archive-date=17 January 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130117184444/http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/details.asp?id=jan0109/State6 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=nat>[[#Na|Natrajan, p. 31]]</ref>

Her first book of poems ''Sandhiyar Sur'' (Evening Melody),<ref name=barua15>[[#Ba|Barua, p. 15]]</ref> published in 1928, was later adopted by [[Calcutta University]] and [[Gauhati University|Guwahati University]] as a textbook in 1946 and 1951 respectively. Her other works include ''Alakananda'', ''Sopunar Sur'' (Melody of Dreams), ''Porosh Moni'', ''Yuga Devata'' (Hero of the Age), ''Shesh Puja'' (The last worship), ''Parijator Abhishek'', ''Prahlad'', ''Meghdut'', ''Suravi'', ''Rooprekha'', ''Shantipath'' (Essay anthology), ''Sheshor Sur'' (The last Melody)m <ref name=nat/><ref name=barua15/> ''Smritir Tirtha'' (Biography on her father), ''Biswadeepa'' (A collection of biographies of famous women), ''Eri oha Dinbur'' (The Days Passed, Autobiography), ''Sardar Vallavbhai Patel'' are some of her biographical works.<ref>[[#Ba|Barua, p. 20]]</ref> She had to her credit one drama titled ''Meerabai''.

In 1950, she established ''Sadou Asom Parijat Kanan'' which later become famous as ''Moina Parijat'', the children organisation in Assam. She was the president of 23rd Jorhat session of [[Asam Sahitya Sabha|Assam Sahitya Sabha]] (Assam Literary Society) in 1955.<ref>[http://www.asamsahityasabha.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=46&Itemid=56 Presidents of Asam Sahitya Sabha since 1917] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130129233721/http://www.asamsahityasabha.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=46&Itemid=56 |date=29 January 2013 }} Asam_Sahitya_Sabha website.</ref>

She died on 24 December 1977, but is remembered in Assamese literature by the last four lines of her famous poem ''NaatGhar'' (The theatre)

....''Kun Kar Jogotor / Kun Kar Moromor / Chokur Chinaki Dudinor // Sasimor Rooprekha /Asimot Bur Jabo / Khohi Gole Jori Moromor''
(Who's for whom in this world / Who's under whose care / Temporary acquaintances, eye-to-eye contacts these are with // Bounded facial outlines / That get dissolved in the infinite oblivion / If the thread of love that binds them snaps.)

The [[Cotton College, Guwahati]] named its girls hostel after her as 'Padmashree Nalini Bala Devi Girls' Hostel' in 1986.<ref>[http://www.cottoncollege.org.in/index_page.asp?slno=63 Padmashree Nalini Bala Devi Girls’ Hostel] [[Cotton College, Guwahati]]</ref> The [[Sadou Asom Lekhika Samaroh Samiti]] literary organization has published ''Mahasweta'', about her works.<ref name="TI 2002">{{cite news |title=Celebrating womanhood |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/celebrating-womanhood/cid/1539375 |access-date=21 June 2021 |work=The Telegraph India |date=October 19, 2002}}</ref>

==Works==
[[File:Nalini bala devi.JPG|thumb|200px|right|Statue at Paltan Bazar, Guwahati]]
* ''Sandhiyar Sur'' (Evening Melody, 1928)
* ''Sopunar Sur'' (Melody of Dreams, 1943)
* ''Smritir Tirtha'' (Biography, 1948)
* ''Paroshmoni'' (Touchstone, 1954)
* ''Jagriti'' (Awakening, 1962)
* ''Alakananda'' (1967)<ref name=nat/>

==Awards and recognition==
She was awarded with [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] for her poetry anthology ''Alakananda'' in 1968<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/searchAwards.jsp|title=Sahitya Akademi Award year wise|publisher=Official listings, [[Sahitya Akademi]] website|access-date=18 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221080252/http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/searchAwards.jsp|archive-date=21 February 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> and conferred [[Padma Shri]] in 1957 by the [[Government of India]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Padma Awards Directory (1954–2009)|publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]|url=http://www.mha.nic.in/pdfs/LST-PDAWD.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510095705/http://www.mha.nic.in/pdfs/LST-PDAWD.pdf|archive-date=10 May 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |title=''History of Indian Literature: 1911–1956: struggle for freedom: triumph and tragedy, Vol. 2'' |author=Das, Sisir Kumar|publisher= [[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=1995|isbn=978-81-7201-798-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sqBjpV9OzcsC&q=nalini+bala+devi+poem&pg=PA359 |ref=Da }}
* {{cite book |title=Handbook of Twentieth-Century Literatures of India|author= Nalini Natarajan|author2=Emmanuel Sampath Nelson|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |year=1996|isbn=0313287783 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1lTnv6o-d_oC&q=Nabin+Chandra+Bordoloi&pg=PA31 |ref=Na }}
* {{cite book |title=Nalinibala Devi |author=Preeti Barua|publisher=Sahitya Akademi |year=2000|isbn=8126009160 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d3PfztHTv0sC&q=Nalini+bala+Devi&pg=PA20 |ref=Ba }}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Literature & Education}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Devi, Nalini Bala}}
[[Category:1898 births]]
[[Category:1977 deaths]]
[[Category:Assamese-language poets]]
[[Category:Writers from Guwahati]]
[[Category:Indian women essayists]]
[[Category:Indian autobiographers]]
[[Category:Indian women non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Asom Sahitya Sabha presidents]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Assamese]]
[[Category:Women autobiographers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Women writers from Assam]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian essayists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian biographers]]
[[Category:Poets from Assam]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women poets]]

Ishana dynasty

2026-03-06T07:20:20Z

SharePoint Press: New Details

{{Short description|Hindu dynasty of Java}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2026}}
The '''Ishana dynasty''', rulers of the Kingdom of Mataram, was a dynasty of the [[Hindu]] [[Mataram kingdom]] on the island of [[Java (island)|Java]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ePcgAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA30&dq=Ishana+dynasty&article_id=1609,5311106&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjvgOamqImTAxUuTmwGHRUyHggQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=Ishana%20dynasty&f=false |title=The Day |publisher=The Day |language=en}}</ref> [[Ishana]] ([[Sanskrit]]: ईशान, [[IAST]]: Īśāna, {{Langx|id|Isyana}}) refers to a Hindu god who is often considered to be one of the forms of the Hindu destroyer god Shiva.

It followed the [[Sanjaya dynasty]] and was established by [[Mpu Sindok]], who moved the capital of the Mataram Kingdom from [[Central Java]] to [[East Java]] around the year 929. Coedes states, "Sindok, under his reign name Sri Isyana Vikramadharmatungadeva, was always considered the founder of Javanese power in the east of the island." Mpu Sindok's daughter and successor was Isanatungavijaya, who in turn was succeeded by her son Makutavamsavardhana, followed by [[Dharmawangsa]].

[[Pucangan Inscription|Pucangan inscription]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Zaman kuno |date=2008 |publisher=Balai Pustaka |isbn=978-979-407-408-4 |editor-last=Poesponegoro |editor-first=Marwati Djoened |edition=Cet. 2., ed. pemutakhiran |series=Sejarah nasional Indonesia / editor, Marwati Djoened Poesponegoro ... [et al.] |location=Jakarta}}</ref> describes the reign of the Isyana dynasty that came to an end when the revolt against a vassal King Wurawari of Lwaram attacked and destroyed the capital in 1016.

Eventually, the ruler [[Airlangga]] restored and reunited the kingdom as [[Kahuripan]]. Airlangga's heirs ruled the [[Kediri (historical kingdom)|Kingdom of Kediri]] and are thought to be the continuation of the Isyana dynasty.

In Trehgam village, a mosque and a temple are in the same compound and share a natural spring for generations. The stone flooring of the spring is said to have been built by the Ishanas of the Ishana dynasty, according to locals.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-30 |title=Where Faiths Share A Courtyard: Trehgam’s Living Story Of Kashmiriyat |url=https://ukhrultimes.com/where-faiths-share-courtyard-trehgams-living-story-kashmiriyat/ |access-date=2026-03-05 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Sanjaya dynasty]]
* [[Kingdom of Mataram]]
* [[List of monarchs of Java]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Precolonial states in Indonesia}}

[[Category:Hindu Buddhist states in Indonesia]]
[[Category:Hindu dynasties]]
[[Category:History of East Java]]
[[Category:Precolonial states of Indonesia]]
[[Category:10th century in Indonesia]]
[[Category:11th century in Indonesia]]
[[Category:Dynasties of Indonesia]]
[[Category:Mataram kingdom]]

{{Indonesia-stub}}

Jodhpur–Sabarmati Intercity Express

2026-03-05T10:04:34Z

SharePoint Press: New Place

{{Short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Jodhpur–Sabarmati Intercity Express
| image =
| image_width =
| caption =
| type = [[Intercity Express (Indian Railways)|Intercity Express]]
| locale =
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2019|10|08}}
| last =
| operator = [[North Western Railway zone|North Western Railway]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Jodhpur}} (JU)
| stops = 13
| end = {{stnlnk|Sabarmati}} (SBIB)
| distance = {{convert|457|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 8 hours 10 minutes
| frequency = Daily
| class = AC 2 Tier, AC 3 Tier, Sleeper Class, General Unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = On-board catering, E-catering
| observation = Large windows
| entertainment =
| baggage = No
| otherfacilities= Below the seats
| stock = [[LHB coach]]
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|al=on|allk=on}}
| electrification =
| trainnumber = 20485 / 20486
| speed = {{convert|56|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts.
| map =
| map_state =
}}

The 20485 / 20486 '''Jodhpur–Sabarmati Intercity Express''' is an [[Intercity Express (Indian Railways)|Intercity Express]] train belonging to [[Western Railway zone]] that runs between {{stnlnk|Sabarmati Junction}} and {{stnlnk|Jodhpur}} in India. It is currently being operated with 14819/14820 train numbers on a daily basis.<ref name="bhaskar">{{cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/rajasthan/jodhpur/news/new-train|website=bhaskar.com|title=New railway service starts between Bhagat's Kothi-Sabarmati, will run five days a week|accessdate=1 April 2020}}{{dead link|date=May 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref name="patrika">{{cite web|url=https://www.patrika.com/jalore-news/the-ongoing-exercise-for-operation-of-samarmati-express-train-5108961/|title=The Ongoing Exercise For Operation Of Samarmati Express Train, – सामरमती एक्सप्रेस टे्रन के संचालन को लेकर चल रही कवायद, तारीख जल्द तय होगी |website=Patrika News|date=18 September 2019 |accessdate=1 April 2020}}</ref>

==Service==

* 20485/Jodhpur–Sabarmati Intercity-Express has an average speed of 51 km/h and covers 454 km in 8 hrs 10 mins.

* 20496/Sabarmati–Jodhpur Intercity-Express has an average speed of 46 km/h and covers 454 km in 7 hrs 55 mins.

== Schedule ==

{| class="wikitable"
!Train number
!Departure station
!Departure time
!Departure day
!Arrival station
!Arrival time
!Arrival day
|-
| 20485
| Jodhpur
| 11:50
| Daily
| Sabarmati
| 20:00
| Daily
|-
| 20486
||Sabarmati
| 07:00
| Daily
| Jodhpur
| 14:55
| Daily
|}

==Route & halts==

* '''{{stnlnk|Jodhpur}}'''
* {{stnlnk|Bhagat Ki Kothi}}
* {{stnlnk|Luni Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Samdari Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Mokalsar}}
* {{stnlnk|Jalor}}
* {{stnlnk|Modran}}
* {{stnlnk|Marwar Bhinmal}}
* {{stnlnk|Raniwara}}
* {{stnlnk|Dhanera}}
* {{stnlnk|Bhildi Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Patan}}
* {{stnlnk|Mahesana Junction}}
* '''{{stnlnk|Sabarmati}}'''

==Coach composition==

The train has dedicated [[LHB coach|LHB rakes]] and PM of rakes is done {{stnlnk|Jodhpur}}. The train consists of 16 coaches:

* 1 Second AC
* 2 AC Chair Chair
* 3 Second Chair Car
* 9 General Unreserved
* 2 EoG cum SLR

==Traction==

Both trains are hauled by an [[Diesel Loco Shed, Bhagat Ki Kothi|Bhagat Ki Kothi Loco Shed]]-based [[WAP-7]] electric locomotive from Sabarmati to Jodhpur and vice versa.

== See also ==

* [[Bhagat Ki Kothi railway station]]
* [[Sabarmati railway station]]
* [[Dhanera railway station]]

== References ==
{{reflist|1}}

{{Railways in Western India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhagat Ki Kothi-Sabarmati Intercity Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Ahmedabad]]
[[Category:Intercity Express (Indian Railways) trains]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Transport in Jodhpur]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Rajasthan]]

{{India-express-train-stub}}

Inn Galiyon Mein

2026-03-02T05:34:41Z

SharePoint Press: New Bio!

{{short description|Indian film by Avinash Das}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Inn Galiyon Mein
| image = Inn Galiyon Mein.png
| alt =
| caption = Official release poster
| director = [[Avinash Das]]
| writer = Punarvasu
| based_on =
| producer = Vinod Yadav Sanjeevv Gosswami Adarsh Saxena Jannisar Hussain
| starring = {{Plainlist|
*[[Jaaved Jaaferi]]
*[[Vivaan Shah]]
*Avantika Dasan
*[[Sushant Singh]]
*Ishtiyak Khan
*Veenay Bhaskar
}}
| cinematography = Arvind Kannabiran
| editing = Jabeen Merchant
| music = '''Songs:''' [[Abhijeet Bhattacharya]] [[Udit Narayan]] [[Alka Yagnik]] [[Amaal Mallik]]''' Score:''' Saurabh Kalsi Arvind Sagole
| studio = Yadunath Films Alcor Productions Pvt Ltd
| distributor = [[Zee Studios]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2025|03|14}}
| runtime = 210 minutes<ref name=":THR" />
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Inn Galiyon Mein''''' is a 2025 Indian Hindi-language romantic drama film directed by [[Avinash Das]] and produced by Vinod Yadav and Neeru Yadav under Yadunath Films. Co-producers include Jannisar Hussain, Adarsh Saxena, Sanjeevv Gosswami, and Alcor Productions. The film stars [[Jaaved Jaaferi]], [[Vivaan Shah]], and Avantika Dassani in lead roles, with [[Sushant Singh]], [[Ishtiyak Khan]], and Veenay Bhaskar in supporting roles. The film was released theatrically on 14 March 2025, after being postponed from its original release date of 28 February 2025 to coincide with the Holi festival. It marked Avantika Dassani’s feature film debut.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt32751390/ |title=Inn Galiyon Mein (2025) ⭐ 8.9 {{!}} Drama |language=en-US |access-date=2025-05-26 |via=m.imdb.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Inn Galiyon Mein (2025) - Movie {{!}} Reviews, Cast & Release Date in mumbai |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/mumbai/inn-galiyon-mein/ET00437855 |access-date=2025-05-26 |website=BookMyShow |language=en-IN}}</ref>

==Plot ==
Set in contemporary India, the film explores love and human relationships in the digital era. Through its central characters, ''Inn Galiyon Mein'' examines how social media influences romance, communication, and trust. The narrative follows Hariya, Shabbo, and Mirza, whose intertwined journeys reflect the struggle between traditional values and modern ways of connecting in an age dominated by virtual interactions.

== Cast ==

* [[Jaaved Jaaferi]] as Mirza
* [[Vivaan Shah]] as Hari Ram aka Hariya
* Avantika Dassani as Shabnam aka Shabbo
* [[Sushant Singh]] as Ajay Tiwari
* [[Ishtiyak Khan]] as Bhanga
* Veenay Bhaskar

== Production ==

=== Development ===
The project was announced in mid-2024 by [[Avinash Das]], who previously directed ''[[Anaarkali of Aarah]]'' (2017). According to reports, the film was conceptualized as a romantic drama reflecting the influence of social media on interpersonal relationships.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 March 2025 |title=Avinash Das' 'Inn Galiyon Mein' to hit theatres on Holi |url=https://www.indianbroadcastingworld.com/avinash-das-inn-galiyon-mein-holi/ }}</ref>

=== Casting ===
[[Jaaved Jaaferi]] and [[Vivaan Shah]] were confirmed early in the project. Avantika Dassani, daughter of actress [[Bhagyashree]], joined the cast for her debut feature film role. [[Sushant Singh]] and [[Ishtiyak Khan]] were later added in supporting roles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Inn Galiyon Mein (2025) - Cast & Crew on MUBI |url=https://mubi.com/en/films/inn-galiyon-mein/cast |access-date=2025-09-29 |website=mubi.com}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
Principal photography began in late 2024 at locations in Uttar Pradesh and Delhi. Shooting was completed in early 2025.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://letterboxd.com/film/inn-galiyon-mein/ |title=Inn Galiyon Mein (2025) |language=en |access-date=2025-09-29 |via=letterboxd.com}}</ref>

=== Music ===
The soundtrack was composed by [[Amaal Mallik]], Saurabh Kalsi, and Arvind Sagole, with lyrics by Vimal Kashyap, Punarvasu, Yash Malviya, and Saurabh Kalsi.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=13 March 2025 |title=
Makers of Inn Galiyon Mein drop song 'Maaheru': Javed Ali and Shalmali Kholgade weave magic in soul-stirring track, watch|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/makers-inn-galiyon-mein-drop-song-maaheru-javed-ali-shalmali-kholgade-weave-magic-soul-stirring-track-watch/|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=13 March 2025}}</ref> The second single titled "Jaa Janam Jaa" was released on 11 March 2025. <ref>{{cite web|access-date=11 March 2025|title=Sonu Nigam's Jaa Janam Jaa from Inn Galiyon Mein is a new romantic anthem|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/sonu-nigam-s-jaa-janam-jaa-from-inn-galiyon-mein-is-a-new-romantic-anthem-article-12962394.html|work=Moneycontrol|date=11 March 2025}}</ref>{{Infobox album
| name = Inn Galiyon Mein
| year = 2025
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Amaal Mallik]], Saurabh Khalsi, Arvind Sagole
| released = 11 March 2025
| recorded =
| studio =
| genre = [[Soundtrack#Film and television soundtracks|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 31:36
| language = Hindi
| label = [[Zee Music]]
| prev_title =
| prev_year = 2024
| next_title =
| next_year = 2024
| misc =
| audio1 =
}}

{{Track listing
| all_writing =
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 25:13
| title1 = Patang Ki Dor
| extra1 = [[Armaan Malik]], [[Palak Muchhal]]
| length1 = 3:35
| title2 = Uda Hawa Mein Rang Hai
| extra2 = [[Nakash Aziz]]
| length2 = 5:01
| title3 = Maaheru
| extra3 = [[Javed Ali]], [[Shalmali Kholgade]]
| length3 = 4:08
| title4 = Ja Jaanam Ja
| extra4 = [[Sonu Nigam]]
| length4 = 3:08
| title5 = Patang Ki Dor (Armaan Malik Version)
| extra5 = Armaan Malik
| length5 = 3:35
| title6 = Maaheru (Javed Ali Version)
| note6 =
| extra6 = Javed Ali
| length6 = 4:07
| title7 = Patang Ki Dor
| note7 = Female Version
| extra7 = Palak Muchal
| length7 = 3:35
| title8 = Maaheru
| note8 = Female Version
| extra8 = Shalmali Kholgade
| length8 = 3:37
| title9 = Aankhon Mein Base Ho Tum 2.0
| note9 = [[Maya Govind ]], [[Tanishk Bagchi]]
| extra9 = [[Abhijeet Bhattacharya]], [[Alka Yagnik]], [[Suniel Shetty]], [[Raveena Tandon]]
| length9 = 3:39
| title10 = Maine Dil Se Yeh Poochha 2.0
| note10 = [[Tanishk Bagchi]], Meet Bros Anjaan
| extra10 = [[Udit Narayan]], [[Alka Yagnik]], [[Suniel Shetty]], [[Raveena Tandon]]
| length10 = 3:41
| title11 = Hota Hai Pyaar Hojata Hai
| note11 = [[Tanishk Bagchi]], Meet Bros Arjaan
| extra11 = [[Jubin Nautiyal]], [[Sunidhi Chauhan]]
| length11 = 3:43
| length12 = 3:45
| title12 = Subha Se Lekar Dophar Tak Dophar Se Lekar Sham Tak Sham Se Lekar Raat Tak
| note12 = [[Tanishk Bagchi]], Meet Bros Arjaan
| extra12 = [[Jubin Nautiyal]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
}}

== Release ==
The film was initially scheduled for release on 28 February 2025, but its premiere was postponed to 14 March 2025 to coincide with Holi celebrations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Inn Galiyon Mein To Release On Holi along with the vibrant Holi anthem, 'Uda Hawa Mein Rang Hai' |url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/inn-galiyon-mein-to-release-on-holi-along-with-the-vibrant-holi-anthem-uda-hawa-mein-rang-hai_218770 |access-date=2025-09-29 |website=India Forums |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt32751390/releaseinfo/ |title=Inn Galiyon Mein (2025) - Release info - IMDb |language=en-US |access-date=2025-09-29 |via=www.imdb.com}}</ref> It was distributed by [[Zee Studios]].

==Reception==

=== Critical Response ===
Film Critic Subhash K. Jha gave 4 stars out of 5 and writes in his review that "The film has a wispy glow in its eco-system. It whistles its way through complex communal questions, not out of naivete, but the opposite: sometimes it just seems correct to let positivity prevail. This is one of those occasions. Buoyed by a mood of optimism, Inn Galiyon Mein gives us no choice but to bask in its charm and warmth."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Subhash|first1=K Jha|title="Inn Galiyon Mein, Every Indian Must Watch This Film On Vote-Prank Politics" – A Subhash K Jha Review|url=https://bollyspice.com/inn-galiyon-mein-every-indian-must-watch-this-film-on-vote-prank-politics-a-subhash-k-jha-review/|work=Bolly Spice|date=14 March 2025}}</ref>

Abhishek Srivastava of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film 3 out of 5 stars and wrote, "While it has its moments, an average screenplay limits its impact. More than a gripping narrative, it serves as a social commentary on cultural and religious dynamics. Given the subject’s potential, the film needed a more innovative script—without it, it leans into familiar tropes."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Srivastava |first1=Abhishek |title=Inn Galiyon Mein Movie Review : A sincere effort undone by clichés |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/inn-galiyon-mein/movie-review/119011556.cms |work=The Times of India |date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Risha Ganguly of ''[[Times Now]]'' gave 3 out of 5 stars and wrote, "''Inn Galiyon Mein'' marries romance with contemporary social issues. The film did have the potential to make it an engaging and relevant watch. With compelling performances, a well-crafted narrative, and a strong directorial vision, a novel and fresh idea could have worked much better."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ganguly|first1=Risha |title=Inn Galiyon Mein Movie Review: Jaaved Jaaferi Film Has Same Cliche Take On Love And Social Media |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/inn-galiyon-mein-movie-review-jaaved-jaaferi-film-has-same-cliche-take-on-love-and-social-media-review-118987554/ |work=Times Now |date=13 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

Anuj Kumar of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "A film that demands to be heard rather than seen, in terms of form, it seems to be conceived like a dialogue-heavy piece for theatre. There are passages where it starts reading like an editorial on ''Ganga Jamuni tehzeeb'' interspersed with couplets of progressive poets. But, at 100 minutes, ''Inn Galiyon Mein'' doesn’t get stuck in the didactics."<ref name=":THR">{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=Anuj |title='Inn Galiyon Mein' movie review: In the lanes of love and tolerance |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/inn-galiyon-mein-movie-review-vivaan-shah-avantika-dasani-javed-jaaferi/article69330026.ece/ |work=The Hindu |date=14 March 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

Rishabh Suri of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' gave 2.5 stars out of 5 and said, "The film’s message of unity and harmony is timely, even if the execution falters. From a business standpoint, it remains to be seen whether audiences, already hesitant about visiting theaters, will take a chance on it. But films like these deserve to be made—offering stories that hold attention without relying on big names or chartbuster music."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Suri |first1=Rishabh |title=Inn Galiyon Mein review: Jaaved Jaaferi, Vivaan Shah, Avantika Dassani film is a flawed yet sincere attempt |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/inn-galiyon-mein-review-jaaved-jaaferi-vivaan-shah-avantika-dassani-film-is-a-flawed-yet-sincere-attempt-101742115471752.html|work=Hindustan Times|date=13 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Box Office Collection ===
The film opened poorly at the Indian box office, earning around ₹7 lakh in its first weekend. Against an undisclosed budget, the film underperformed commercially, and ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' classified it as a 'flop'.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=2025-03-14 |title=Inn Galiyon Mein Box Office Collection {{!}} India {{!}} Day Wise {{!}} Box Office - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/inn-galiyon-mein/box-office/ |access-date=2025-09-29 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Inn Galiyon Mein Box Office Collection {{!}} Jaaved Jaaferi Inn Galiyon Mein Movie Box Office Collection India & Worldwide - FilmiBeat |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/bollywood/movies/inn-galiyon-mein/box-office.html |access-date=2025-09-29 |website=www.filmibeat.com |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[List of Hindi films of 2025]]
* [[Jaaved Jaaferi|Jaaved Jaaferi Filmography]]
* [[Vivaan Shah|Vivaan Shah filmography]]
* [[Avinash Das]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|tt32751390}}
*{{BH movie|Inn-Galiyon-Mein}}

[[Category:2025 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Films shot in India]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian teen films]]

The Bhootnii

2026-03-02T04:35:39Z

SharePoint Press: done.

{{short description|2025 Indian film by Sidhaant Sachdev}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = The Bhootnii
| image = The Bhootnii poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Sidhaant Sachdev
| writer = Sidhaant Sachdev
| screenplay = Vankush Arora Sidhaant Sachdev
| story =
| based_on =
| producer = [[Deepak Mukut]] Hunar Mukut [[Sanjay Dutt]] [[Maanayata Dutt]]
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* Sanjay Dutt
* [[Sunny Singh (actor)|Sunny Singh]]
* [[Mouni Roy]]
* Palak Tiwari
}}
| cinematography = [[Santhosh Thundiyil]]
| editing = Bunty Nagi
| music = '''Songs:''' Iconyk UpsideDown [[Shabbir Ahmed (lyricist)|Shabbir Ahmed]] [[JAM8|Mukund Suryawanshi]] Shashi '''Score:''' [[Amar Mohile]]
| studio = {{ubl|Soham Rockstar Entertainment
*Three Dimension Motion Pictures
}}
| distributor = [[Zee Studios]]
| released = {{Film date|2025|05|01|df=y}}
| runtime = 130 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}
'''''The Bhootnii''''' ({{Translation|The Ghostess}}) a 2025 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Comedy horror|comedy horror film]] written and directed by Sidhaant Sachdev, and produced by [[Deepak Mukut]] and [[Sanjay Dutt]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Bhootnii: Sanjay Dutt, Mouni Roy Team Up For Horror-Comedy |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/the-bhootnii-announcement-video-it-s-sanjay-dutt-vs-mouni-roy-in-an-eerie-showdown-7798077 |access-date=26 February 2025 |website=www.ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=26 February 2025 |title='The Bhootnii' announcement: Sanjay Dutt, Mouni Roy to headline horror-comedy |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-bhootnii-announcement-sanjay-dutt-mouni-roy-horror-comedy-sunny-singh-palak-tiwari/article69265630.ece |access-date=26 February 2025 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The film stars Dutt with [[Sunny Singh (actor)|Sunny Singh]], [[Mouni Roy]] and Palak Tiwari.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 February 2025 |title=Title of Sanjay Dutt's next to be announced on Maha Shivratri |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/title-of-sanjay-dutts-next-to-be-announced-on-maha-shivratri/articleshow/118562916.cms |access-date=26 February 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sanjay Dutt, Mouni Roy Starrer Horror Comedy The Bhootnii Teaser Out, Film To Release On THIS Date |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/sanjay-dutt-mouni-roy-starrer-horror-comedy-the-bhootnii-teaser-out-film-to-release-on-this-date-9241223.html |access-date=26 February 2025 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

''The Bhootnii'' was released on 1 May 2025.

== Plot ==
{{Expand section|November 2025|date=November 2025}}
Set in the fictional St. Vincent College in Delhi, the story revolves around the legend of the "Virgin Tree," which is believed to grant true love to those who pray beneath it on [[Valentine's Day]]. However, every year on [[Holika Dahan]], a student mysteriously dies, their soul claimed by a vengeful spirit.

Shantanu, heartbroken after a recent breakup, seeks solace beneath the Virgin Tree, yearning for true love. His plea awakens Mohabbat, a ghost who becomes infatuated with him. As Mohabbat's obsession deepens, she begins to haunt anyone who comes between her and Shantanu, leading to a series of eerie events on campus.

To combat the escalating supernatural occurrences, the college administration enlists Baba, a seasoned para-physicist and alumnus of the institution. Armed with unconventional gadgets, Baba investigates the mystery, uncovering Mohabbat's tragic past and her connection to the college.

== Cast ==
* [[Sanjay Dutt]] as Baba
* [[Mouni Roy]] as Karishma aka Mohabbat
* [[Sunny Singh (actor)|Sunny Singh]] as Shantanu
* Palak Tiwari as Ananya
* Nikunj Lotia as Sahil
* [[Aasif Khan]] as Nasir
* [[Meherzan Mazda]] as Karishma's Boyfriend

== Production ==
''The Bhootnii'' was jointly produced by Deepak Mukut, Hunna Mukut, and Sanjay Dutt under the banner of Soham Rockstar Entertainment in association with Three Dimension Motion Pictures.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-04-16 |title=Sanjay Dutt starrer 'The Bhootnii' gets a new release date |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/sanjay-dutt-starrer-the-bhootnii-gets-a-new-release-date/articleshow/120288470.cms?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-07-20 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The film was distributed by Zee Studios. Cinematography was handled by [[Santosh Thundiyil]], while Bunty Nagi managed the editing. Post-production and VFX work extended into April 2025, leading to the film’s release date being postponed from April 18 to May 1, 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Information |first=Film |date=2025-05-01 |title='THE BHOOTNII' REVIEW {{!}} 1 May 2025 |url=https://filminformation.com/featured/the-bhootnii-review-1-may-2025/ |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=Film Information |language=en-US}}</ref> The movie was primarily shot in the Delhi-NCR region, with key scenes filmed at a fictional college campus named St. Vincent’s, representing both indoor and outdoor locations.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-07-12 |title=Sanjay Dutt, Mouni Roy's The Bhootnii OTT release date: When and where to watch the horror comedy |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/sanjay-dutt-mouni-roys-the-bhootnii-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-the-horror-comedy/articleshow/122406790.cms?utm_source=chatgpt.com&from=mdr |access-date=2025-07-20 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
<ref>{{cite web | url=https://gaana.com/album/the-bhootnii-original-motion-picture-soundtrack | title=The Bhootnii (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) Songs Download: Play & Listen the Bhootnii (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) all MP3 Song by Amar Mohile @Gaana }}</ref>
{{Track listing
| headline = ''The Bhootnii'' (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Mahakaal Mahakaali
| extra1 = Hansraj Raghuwanshi, Shabbir Ahmed, BigLuv, Ajay Pal Sharma
| title2 = Tararara
| extra2 = [[Mika Singh]], Iconyk, Upsidedown, Sidhaant Sachdev
| title3 = Aaye Re Baba
| extra3 = Mika Singh, Akshay The One, Iconyk, Upsidedown
| title4 = Rang Laga
|extra4 = Mukund Suryawanshi, Vaishnavi Thakur, Akshay The One
| length1 = 5:11
| length2 = 2:43
| length3 = 2:45
| length4 = 3:05
| title5 = Nakhre
| extra5 = Shashi, Deepali Sathe, Iconyk, Upsidedown, Siddharth Gauba, Aditya Ojha
| title6 = Rang Laga (Ethereal)
| extra6 = [[Sunidhi Chauhan]], Mukund Suryawanshi, Vaishnavi Thakur, Akshay The One
| title7 = Nakhre (Reprise)
| extra7 = Raashi Sood, Iconyk, Upsidedown, Raunaq Singh, Siddharth Gauba
| title8 = Bhootnii (Theme)
| extra8 = Amar Mohile
| title9 = The Bhootnii Swag
| extra9 =
}}

== Release ==
=== Theatrical ===
The film was originally slated for a theatrical release on 18 April 2025 but was postponed to 1 May 2025 due to delay in post-production and VFX work.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sanjay Dutt starrer The Bhootnii gets postponed, to now release on May 1|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/sanjay-dutt-starrer-bhootnii-gets-postponed-now-release-may-1/|date=14 April 2025|access-date=18 April 2025 |website=Bollywood Hungama|language=en}}</ref>

=== Home media ===
The film began streaming on [[ZEE5]] from 18 July 2025.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=12 July 2025 |title=Sanjay Dutt, Mouni Roy's The Bhootnii OTT release date: When and where to watch the horror comedy |url=https://m.economictimes.com/magazines/panache/sanjay-dutt-mouni-roys-the-bhootnii-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-the-horror-comedy/articleshow/122406790.cms |work=The Economic Times}}</ref>

== Reception ==
''The Bhootnii'' received mixed-to-negative reviews from audiences, with praise for cast performances particularly Sanjay Dutt, Palak Tiwari and BeYouNick (as a newcomer), and funny one-liners. Most reviewers lauded the comedy in the movie and dialogue delivery of the whole cast. Many believed the movie is more of a comedy than horror, a notch below the Stree franchise in every aspect.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MSN |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/entertainment/reviews/the-bhootnii-review-a-haunting-blend-of-humour-horror-and-heart/ar-AA1DXSpd |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=www.msn.com}}</ref>

Ganesh Aaglave of the ''[[Firstpost]]'' rated the film 3/5 stars and opined "On the whole, The Bhootnii works well because of its narrative and novelty."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-01 |title=The Bhootnii movie review: Sanjay Dutt & Mouni Roy anchor this spooky laugh-fest with Sunny Singh, Palak Tiwari |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/the-bhootnii-movie-review-sanjay-dutt-mouni-roy-anchor-this-spooky-laugh-fest-with-sunny-singh-palak-tiwari-13884489.html |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}{{rating|3|5}}</ref> Dhaval Roy of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film 2/5 stars and opined "Despite moments of humour, The Bhootniistruggles with inconsistent storytelling, underwhelming horror elements, and predictable twists."<ref>{{Cite news |title=The Bhootnii Movie Review : This horror comedy is haunted by cliches and occasionally saved by humour |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/the-bhootnii/movie-review/120776248.cms |access-date=2025-05-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}{{rating|2|5}}</ref>

Sna Farzeen of ''[[India Today]]'' rated the film 2 out of 5 stars and wrote "Sanjay Dutt and Sunny Singh deliver a lackluster performance in a horror-comedy that fails to amuse or engage audiences. Despite its attempt at blending romance and supernatural elements, the film ends up as an uninspired two-hour ordeal."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-01 |title=The Bhootnii review: A virgin tree, love curse, and lot of nonsense |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/the-bhootnii-review-sanjay-dutt-sunny-singh-mouni-roy-virgin-tree-love-curse-2717937-2025-05-01 |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=India Today |language=en}}{{rating|2|5}}</ref>

[[Shubhra Gupta]] of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' rated the film 0/5 stars and summarized "Sanjay Dutt-Mouni Roy 'film' proudly and flagrantly stands apart from any vestiges of plot and production values, forget about sense and sensibility."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-01 |title=The Bhootnii movie review: 0 star review; this film lacks plot, production value, sense and sensibility |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/the-bhootnii-movie-review-0-star-review-this-film-lacks-plot-production-value-sense-and-sensibility-9977094/ |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}{{rating|0|5}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|27162102}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie|id=the-bhootnii}}
{{Portal bar|India|Bollywood|Films}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhootnii}}
[[Category:2025 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy horror films]]
[[Category:2025 horror films]]
[[Category:2025 films]]

Sparsha Rekha

2026-02-12T02:51:17Z

SharePoint Press: added.

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sparsha Rekha
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other_names = Rekha Prasad<ref name="news18"/>
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|film producer}}
| spouse =
| years_active =2000-2004 2015-present
| children =
}}

'''Rekha''', popularly known as '''Sparsha Rekha''', is an Indian film and television actress known for her work in [[Kannada cinema]].

==Career==
Rekha pursued modeling and subsequently appeared in the films ''[[Sparsha (film)|Sparsha]]'' (2000) and ''[[Majestic (film)|Majestic]]'' (2002), both of which were successful.
She decided to take a hiatus in her career to complete her Bachelor's of Business Management degree at Maharani College, Bangalore. During this period, Rekha represented Karnataka in the 4th and 5th Indian national level athletic meets and was an advocate for keeping the environment clean.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/rekhas-dilemma-films-or-studies/articleshow/5200268.cms|title=Rekha's dilemma — films or studies|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=29 March 2002|first=G. S.|last=Kumar|access-date=25 October 2024|archive-date=29 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129114529/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/Rekhas-dilemma-films-or-studies/articleshow/5200268.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> She turned producer with the film ''[[Demo Piece]]'' (2020).<ref>{{Cite news|title=Former Bigg Boss contestant Sparsha Rekha turns producer - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/former-bigg-boss-contestant-sparsha-rekha-turns-producer/articleshow/63514265.cms|access-date=2020-10-31|website=The Times of India|language=en|last1=Prabhu|first1=Nivedhana|archive-date=23 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123192824/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/former-bigg-boss-contestant-sparsha-rekha-turns-producer/articleshow/63514265.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ರೇಖಾ ಲೇಟಾಗಿ ಹುಟ್ಟಿದ್ರೆ ನಂಗೆ ನಾಯಕಿ ಆಗಬೋದಿತ್ತು!|url=https://kannada.asianetnews.com/entertainment/pratham-movie-audio-launch-p8365h|access-date=2020-10-31|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|language=kn|archive-date=11 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411062241/https://kannada.asianetnews.com/entertainment/pratham-movie-audio-launch-p8365h|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Role
|-
| 2000 || ''[[Sparsha (film)|Sparsha]]'' || Suma
|-
| 2001 || ''Banallu Neene Buviyallu Neene'' ||
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Majestic (film)|Majestic]]'' || Kiran
|-
| 2004 || ''Santhosha'' ||
|-
| 2015|| ''[[Ranna (film)|Ranna]]'' || Special Appearance in song "What to Do"
|-
| rowspan="2"|2017 || ''[[Srikanta (film)|Srikanta]]'' || Srikanta's friend
|-
| ''Devrovne Bidu Guru'' ||
|-
| 2018 || ''[[MLA (2018 Kannada film)|MLA]]'' || Rajeshawi
|-
| rowspan="3"|2020 || ''[[Demo Piece]]'' || Harsha's mother
|-
| ''[[Popcorn Monkey Tiger]]'' || Padma
|-
| ''[[Bicchugatti: Chapter 1 − Dalvayi Dange]]'' || Kanakavva Nagathi
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2021 || ''[[Badava Rascal]]'' || Premakumari
|-
| ''[[Arjun Gowda]]'' || Janaki Gowda
|-
|}

==Television==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Television
! class="unsortable" | Role
! {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Bigg Boss Kannada (season 4)|Bigg Boss Kannada 4]]''
| Contestant
|
|-
| 2020
| ''Nagiso Challenge''
| Guest
|
|-
|2023–present
|''Tripura Sundari''
|Devyani
|<ref name="news18">{{Cite web |date=2022-12-24 |title=Rekha Prasad to Make her Small Screen Debut With Kannada Show Tripura Sundari |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/rekha-prasad-to-make-her-small-screen-debut-with-kannada-show-tripura-sundari-6687637.html |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=20 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720120313/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/rekha-prasad-to-make-her-small-screen-debut-with-kannada-show-tripura-sundari-6687637.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rekha, Sparsha}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Kannada actresses]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Karnataka State Film Award winners]]

Odisha State Road Transport Corporation

2026-02-06T07:42:58Z

SharePoint Press:

{{Short description|Public transport corporation in Odisha, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Odisha State Road Transport Corporation (OSRTC)
| native_name = ଓଡ଼ିଶା ରାଜ୍ୟ ସଡ଼କ ପରିବହନ ନିଗମ
| native_name_lang = or
| logo = Osrtc logo.png
| image = ISBT Baramunda Bhubaneswar.jpg
| industry = [[Public transport bus service]]
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| foundation = {{Start date and age|df=yes|paren=yes|br=yes|1974|05|15}}
| owner = [[Government of Odisha]]
| parent = Department of Commerce & Transport, Government of Odisha
| revenue = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|1564300000|2023-24}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://odishatv.in/news/odisha/osrtc-s-financial-losses-mount-to-rs-45-46-crore-in-two-years-minister-258930|title=OSRTC’s financial losses mount to Rs 45.46 crore in two years: Odisha Minister|work=[[Odisha TV]]|date=27 March 2025|access-date=27 March 2025}}</ref>
| hq_location_city = [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Odisha]]
| hq_location_country = India
| location = Paribahan Bhavan, [[Sachivalaya Marg]]
| locations = 
| key_people = NBS Rajput, IAS [[Chairman]] and [[Managing Director]]
| area_served = [[Odisha]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[West Bengal]]
| services = [[Public Transport]]
| num_employees = 2,455<ref name="CTD">{{cite web|title=Government of Odisha - Annual Activities Report 2023-24 - Commerce & Transport Department | url=https://ct.odisha.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-07/240724_Annual%20Activities%20report-%28C%26T%20Dept.%29%20%281640%20hrs.%29_0.pdf|access-date=26 December 2025}}</ref>
| website ={{url|https://osrtc.org/}}
}}
'''Odisha State Road Transport Corporation''' or '''OSRTC''' is the state-owned public [[road transport]] corporation of the [[Eastern India|Eastern Indian]] state of [[Odisha]]. Headquartered in [[Bhubaneswar]], OSRTC plays a crucial role in connecting major cities, district headquarters, rural regions, and neighboring states through its intercity and interstate operations with 577 buses of mainline fleet and 1422 buses of rural fleet.<ref name="OSRTC">{{cite web|title=OSRTC - Odisha State Road Transport Corporation|url=https://osrtc.org/#/about-us|access-date=26 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=OSRTC revival plan: Proposal mooted for new buses, operation by private players|url=https://odishatv.in/news/odisha/osrtc-revival-plan-proposal-mooted-for-new-buses-operation-by-private-players-195501|access-date=25 January 2023|date=25 January 2023}}</ref>

Founded in 1974, the OSRTC bridges distances between 130+ cities, towns, and business centres within [[Odisha]] and 68 cities outside the state, strengthening regional integration and interstate connectivity. The Corporation also plays a vital role in supporting education and employment by enabling access to over 62,000 educational institutions, making daily mobility easier for students, professionals, and the workforce alike.<ref name="OSRTC"/>

==History==
The origins of public road transport in Odisha trace back to 1948, when the State Government took over bus services previously operated by erstwhile princely states and formed the ''State Transport Services (STS)'', starting with a staff of 4,089 and a fleet of 523 buses. In 1950, the Road Transport Corporations Act (Act No. 64 of 1950) was enacted by the Central Government, mandating the creation of state road transport corporations. Subsequently, the OSRTC Rules were framed in 1967 as a step toward establishing a dedicated statutory transport corporation in Odisha.<ref name="CTD"/>

OSRTC became functional on 15 May 1974, when the assets and employees of the STS were formally transferred to the new corporation. Initially, it operated with share capital contributions from the State and Central Governments in a 2:1 ratio. Further strengthening its reach, the ''ORT Company'', which operated primarily in the southern districts of Odisha, was merged with OSRTC on 16 August 1990, bringing its assets, liabilities, and staff under OSRTC’s management. Around this time, the Central Government also ceased its share capital contribution (from 1990–91 onwards), leaving the state government as the primary sponsor.<ref name="CTD"/>

==Services==
===Mainline Fleet===
[[File:Bus odisha.jpg|thumb|A pair of OSRTC mainline buses parked at the Paribahan Bhavan in [[Bhubaneswar]]]]
OSRTC maintains a strong intercity and interstate network supported by a fleet of 577 buses. OSRTC offers online reservations, real-time bus tracking, and user-friendly onboard facilities. OSRTC's services operate on strategic routes connecting major commercial centres, district headquarters, and prominent pilgrimage destinations.<ref name="CTD"/>

*Luxury Buses
*AC Deluxe Buses
*Hi-Tech Buses
*Hi-Comfort Buses
*Light Commercial Vehicle (LCV)/Ordinary Buses

===Rural Fleet===
[[File:Laxmi Buses at Koraput Bus Terminal.jpg|thumb|Rural fleet of the OSRTC at Koraput Bus Terminal]]
Under the Mukhyamantri Bus Seva (MBS), OSRTC operates a dedicated rural fleet of 1422 buses, connecting over 6720 Gram Panchayats across Odisha, enabling daily mobility for around 3.5 lakh citizens. This fleet is designed to ensure affordable, inclusive, and dependable transport for rural populations, with special focus on students, women, senior citizens, and daily commuters.

===Initiatives===
====Atal Bus Stand====
Atal Bus Stands are modern bus terminals that are being developed across all 314 Blocks of Odisha, creating well-planned passenger facilities that enhance commuter convenience, accessibility, and overall transport infrastructure.

====Integrated Transport Management System (ITMS)====
ITMS is a citizen-focused digital platform that enables real-time fleet tracking, e-ticketing, automated scheduling, and enhanced passenger safety. The system also features a comprehensive grievance redressal mechanism, ensuring efficient, transparent, and responsive service delivery.

====Integrated Command & Control Centre (ICCC)====
ICCC is a centralized real-time operations hub based at Paribahan Bhawan, designed to monitor services, manage incidents, and improve operational responsiveness and decision-making across the network.

====Shree Jagannath Express====
Shree Jagannath Express buses are ultra-premium intercity and interstate buses operating with 15-metre multi-axle Volvo 9600 coaches, connecting district headquarters with major cities, [[Puri]] and [[Bhubaneswar]].

==Divisions==
Odisha State Road Transport Corporation (OSRTC) has three divisions comprising a total of 23 depots.
*Bhubaneswar Division
*Berhampur Division
*Sambalpur Division
===Depots===
{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|
* [[Angul]]
* [[Asika|Aska]]
* [[Balangir]]
* [[Bargarh]]
* [[Berhampur]]
* [[Bhanjanagar]]
* [[Bhawanipatna]]
* [[Bhubaneswar]]
* [[Cuttack]]
* [[Debagarh|Deogarh]]
* [[Jeypore]]
* [[Keonjhar]]
* [[Malkangiri]]
* [[Nabarangpur]]
* [[Nuapada]]
* [[Padmapur|Padampur]]
* [[Paralakhemundi]]
* [[Phulbani]]
* [[Puri|Puri (Malatipatpur)]]
* [[Rayagada]]
* [[Rourkela]]
* [[Sambalpur]]
* [[Sundargarh]]
* [[Vizianagaram]]
}}

==Accolades==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Conferrer
|-
| 1991–92
| ''Merit – Performance in Productivity''
| National Productivity Council (NPC)
|-
| 1992
| ''Best Passenger Safety''
| Association of State Road Transport Undertakings (ASRTU)
|-
| 1995–96
| ''Maximum Improvement in Tyre Performance''
| Association of State Road Transport Undertakings (ASRTU)
|-
| 1998
| ''Road Safety Under Mofussil Category''
| Association of State Road Transport Undertakings (ASRTU)
|-
| 2002–03
| ''Lowest Operational Cost Under Mofussil Category''
| Association of State Road Transport Undertakings (ASRTU)
|-
| 2003–04
| ''Lowest Operational Cost Under Mofussil Category''
| Association of State Road Transport Undertakings (ASRTU)
|-
| 2004–05
| ''Transport Minister's Trophy for Safe Transport Lowest Accident Record''
| [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]
|-
| 2005–06
| ''Transport Minister's Trophy for Safe Transport Lowest Accident Record''
| [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]
|-
| 2007–08
| ''Minimum Operational Cost''
| Association of State Road Transport Undertakings (ASRTU)
|-
| 2008–09
| ''Minimum Operational Cost''
| Association of State Road Transport Undertakings (ASRTU)
|-
| 2010–11
| ''Profit Making STU in Mofussil Service''
| Association of State Road Transport Undertakings (ASRTU)
|-
| 2011–12
| ''Minimum Operational Cost''
| Association of State Road Transport Undertakings (ASRTU)
|-
| 2012–13
| ''Minimum Operational Cost''
| Association of State Road Transport Undertakings (ASRTU)
|-
| 2013–14
| ''Minimum Operational Cost and Highest KMPL''
| Association of State Road Transport Undertakings (ASRTU)
|-
| 2014–15
| ''Highest KMPL and Best Profit Making State Transport Undertakings''
| Association of State Road Transport Undertakings (ASRTU)
|-
| 2015–16
| ''Highest KMPL and Best Profit Making State Transport Undertakings''
| Association of State Road Transport Undertakings (ASRTU)
|-
| 2017–18
| ''Maximum Improvement in Tyre Performance''
| Association of State Road Transport Undertakings (ASRTU)
|-
| 2017–18
| ''Minimum Operational Cost''
| Association of State Road Transport Undertakings (ASRTU)
|-
| 2017–18
| ''Highest KMPL and Profit Making State Transport Undertakings''
| Association of State Road Transport Undertakings (ASRTU)
|-
| 2018
| ''Minimum Operational Cost Among State Transport Undertakings''
| Smart City Summit 2018 [[Surat]], [[Gujarat]]
|-
| 2018
| ''Web-based Ticketing System with Mobile Android and iOS App''
| SKOCH Order-of-Merit 2018
|-
| 2019
| ''In-Bus Ticketing Through GRPS/RFID Based Electronics Ticket Machines (ETMs)''
| SKOCH Order-of-Merit 2019
|-
| 2018–19
| ''OSRTC Bhawanipatna and Padampur Depots – Fuel Efficiency Awards''
| Petroleum Conservation Research Association (PCRA) [[Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas]]
|-
| 2020
| ''Indian Express Technology Sabha Award 2020 – Depot Management System''
| [[Indian Express Limited]]
|-
| 2024
| ''SKOCH Award Winner for Silver Category - Gramanchal Parivahan Seva''
| SKOCH Order-of-Merit 2024
|-
| 2023–24
| ''National Public Bus Transport Excellence Award for Highest Percentage of Non-Traffic Revenues''
| Association of State Road Transport Undertakings (ASRTU)
|}

Apart from all these accolades, the success story of OSRTC has been included in the syllabus of [[Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad]] as a case study.<ref>{{Cite web|title=OSRTC Turnaround Becomes IIM-A Case Study|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2014/jun/26/osrtc-turnaround-becomes-iim-a-case-study-629023.html|access-date=2020-12-10|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Commonscatinline}}

{{State agencies of Odisha}}
{{State owned road transport companies in India}}

[[Category:Transport companies established in 1974]]
[[Category:Transport in Odisha]]
[[Category:State agencies of Odisha]]
[[Category:State road transport corporations of India]]
[[Category:Companies based in Bhubaneswar]]
[[Category:1974 establishments in Orissa]]

Mother Dairy

2026-02-02T01:12:56Z

SharePoint Press: refine structure for clarity and cleaned formatting

{{short description|Indian public sector dairy company}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Mother Dairy
| trading_name =
| logo = Mother Dairy.svg
| logo_size =
| logo_alt =
| logo_caption =
| logo_padding =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| type = [[Subsidiary]] of [[National Dairy Development Board]]
| traded_as =
| ISIN =
| successor = 
| founded = {{start date and age|1974}}
| founder = 
| defunct = 
| fate =
| hq_location = Sector-1
| hq_location_city = [[Noida, Uttar Pradesh]]
| hq_location_country = India
| num_locations =
| num_locations_year = 
| area_served = 
| key_people = Manish Bandlish (Managing Director)
| industry = [[Dairy]]
| products = {{plainlist|
*[[Milk]]
*[[Dairy products]]
}}
| brands =
| production =
| production_year = 
| services =
| revenue = ₹15,000 crore ($1.8 billion) (2024)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/mother-dairy-forays-into-bread-segment-aims-to-double-its-revenue-in-5-yrs-120073001284_1.html#:~:text=Chaudhary%20said%20the%20company%20has,around%20Rs%2010%2C000%2D11%2C000%20crore.|title = Mother Dairy forays into bread segment, aims to double its revenue in 5 yrs|newspaper = Business Standard India|date = 30 July 2022|agency = Press Trust of India}}</ref>
| revenue_year =
| operating_income =
| income_year = 
| net_income = 
| net_income_year = 
| aum = 
| assets =
| assets_year = 
| equity =
| equity_year = 
| members =
| members_year = 
| num_employees =
| num_employees_year = 
| parent =
| owner = [[National Dairy Development Board]]
| divisions =
| subsid =
| module = 
| website = {{URL|http://www.motherdairy.com}}
| footnotes =
| former_name =
}}

'''Mother Dairy''' is an Indian public sector dairy company that manufactures, markets and sells [[milk]] and [[dairy product]]s. It is a wholly owned [[subsidiary]] of the [[National Dairy Development Board]] (NDDB), which is a [[statute|statutory body]] administered by the [[Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying]] of the [[Government of India]].<ref>[http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/mother-dairy-eyes-nutritional-space-115101200034_1.html Mother Dairy eyes nutritional space]</ref> Mother Dairy was founded in 1974, as a subsidiary of the NDDB.<ref name="Mother Dairy Reference3" />

Mother Dairy supplies its products primarily in [[Delhi]] [[National Capital Region (India)|NCR]], which accounted for over 65% of its sales in 2025. The company also owns [[Safal]] retail chain and Dhara [[edible oil]] brand.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Aggarwal |first1=Raghav |title=Mother Dairy to spend Rs 1,500 crore on capacity expansion |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/industry-mother-dairy-to-spend-rs-1500-crore-on-capacity-expansion-3789656/ |access-date=22 November 2025 |work=The Financial Express |date=26 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==

Mother Dairy was commissioned in 1974 as a wholly owned subsidiary of the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB), under 'Operation Flood'.<ref name="Mother Dairy Reference3" /><ref name="Mother Dairy Reference1">{{cite news |title=Mother Dairy expands packaged sweets portfolio, eyes Rs 100 crore revenue in 2–3 years |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/corporate/mother-dairy-expands-packaged-sweets-portfolio-eyes-rs-100-crore-revenue-in-2-3-years/story/427979.html |access-date=11 March 2021 |publisher=www.businesstoday.in |date=15 January 2021}}</ref> It was an initiative under [[Operation Flood]], a dairy development program aimed at making India a milk sufficient nation. Mother Dairy sources a significant part of its requirement of liquid milk from dairy cooperatives and village level farmer centric organizations.

In July 2020, Mother Dairy started making breads.<ref name="Mother Dairy Reference3">{{cite news |title=Mother Dairy Wants To Break Bread With You! |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/mother-dairy-wants-to-break-bread-with-you-5621361.html |access-date=12 March 2021 |publisher=Moneycontrol |date=30 July 2020}}</ref><ref name="Mother Dairy Reference1" />

In January 2021, the company launched packaged food products under its Safal brand, sourced from tribals of Jharkhand.<ref name="Mother Dairy Reference1" />

== Brands and subsidiaries ==
The company sells milk and milk products under the "Mother Dairy" brand.<ref name="Mother Dairy Reference1" /> Mother Dairy also sells packaged sweets.<ref name="Mother Dairy Reference1" />

[[Safal]] is the retail arm of Mother Dairy. It operates a large number of milk and milk product stores in the Delhi NCR, and also has a significant presence in [[Bengaluru]]. Safal also has a plant in Bengaluru, which produces aseptic fruit pulp and concentrates. It supplies milk and milk products to food processing companies such as [[The Coca-Cola Company|Coca-Cola]], [[PepsiCo|Pepsi]], [[Hindustan Unilever]], and [[Nestlé India]]. Safal also has a presence across 40 countries viz., [[United States|US]], [[Europe]], [[Russia]], [[Middle East]], [[Asia]] and [[Africa]] and exports fresh [[fruit]]s and [[vegetable]]s ([[grape]]s, [[banana]], [[Pickled cucumber|gherkin]], [[onion]], etc.), fruit pulp & concentrate, frozen fruits & vegetables.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Us|url=https://www.motherdairy.com/Category/about-us|access-date=2021-05-23|website=www.motherdairy.com}}</ref><ref name="Mother Dairy Reference1" />

In January 2020, Mother Dairy opened its first restaurant 'Café Delights' in [[Noida]].<ref name="Mother Dairy Reference2">{{cite news |last1=Tanwar |first1=Sangeeta |title=Delhi's neighbourhood milk booth wants to switch it up with new cafes |url=https://qz.com/india/1799646/amul-rival-mother-dairy-bets-on-cafe-delights/ |access-date=12 March 2021 |publisher=Quartz |date=10 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/mother-dairy-opens-first-restaurant-in-noida-plans-60-outlets-in-delhi-ncr-1637887-2020-01-17|title=Mother Dairy opens first restaurant in Noida, plans 60 outlets in Delhi-NCR|agency=Press Trust of India |date=January 17, 2020 |magazine=India Today|language=en|access-date=2020-01-17}}</ref>

== Revenue ==
As of 2020, Mother Dairy had a revenue over ₹10,000 crore or nearly $1.5 billion.<ref>{{Cite news|agency=Press Trust of India|date=2020-07-30|title=Mother Dairy forays into bread segment, aims to double its revenue in 5 yrs|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/mother-dairy-forays-into-bread-segment-aims-to-double-its-revenue-in-5-yrs-120073001284_1.html#:~:text=Chaudhary%20said%20the%20company%20has,around%20Rs%2010,000-11,000%20crore.|access-date=2021-06-05}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website}}

{{Dairy Industry in India}}
[[Category:Cooperatives in India]]
[[Category:Dairy products companies of India]]
[[Category:Companies based in Noida]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1974]]
[[Category:Ice cream brands]]
[[Category:Indian brands]]
[[Category:Dairy farming in India]]
[[Category:1974 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Food and drink companies established in 1974]]

Haryanvi cinema

2026-01-05T10:09:08Z

SharePoint Press: reworked information additionally and fixed typos

{{Short description|Indian Harynavi language film industry}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox cinema market
| name = Haryanvi cinema
| image = File:India film clapperboard (variant).svg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| screens = Approx 106 in [[Haryana]] state of India.<ref>{{cite web |title=STATEWISE NUMBER OF SINGLE SCREENS |url=http://www.filmfed.org/singlescreen.html |publisher=Film Federation of India |access-date=21 April 2014}}</ref>
| screens_per_capita =
| distributors = {{br separated entries|Unknown}}
| produced_year = 2022
| produced_ref = <ref>{{cite news |title=List of feature films Certified in 2022 |url=https://cbfcindia.gov.in/cbfcAdmin/assets/pdf/CC_Issued_2022.pdf}}</ref>
| produced_total = 4 (Theatrical)
| produced_fictional =
| produced_animated =
| produced_documentary =
| admissions_year =
| admissions_ref =
| admissions_total =
| admissions_per_capita =
| admissions_national =
| box_office_year = 2023
| box_office_ref = <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.example.com |title=Box Office 2023: Haryanvi films performance |agency=Example Agency |date=2 February 2023 | work=[[Example News]] |access-date=2 February 2023 }}</ref>
| box_office_total = India: ₹0.00 crore (US$0.00 million) 
| box_office_national = [[India]]: {{INRConvert|0|c}} 
}}

'''Haryanvi cinema''' is the [[Haryanvi language]] film industry of the Indian state of [[Haryana]]. It is dedicated to the production of motion pictures in the Haryanvi language, which is widely spoken in the region.

==History==
The history of Haryanvi cinema can be traced back to its first film, ''[[Dharti (1968 film)|Dharti]]'', released in 1968, directed by Kidar Sharma. This marked the beginning of Haryanvi-language films, but due to the dominance of the Mumbai-based Hindi film industry, extensive production of Haryanvi films did not begin until the 1980s.

''[[Chandrawal]]'', released in 1984, was the first commercially successful Haryanvi film.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://cbfcindia.gov.in/html/uniquepage.aspx?lang=HARYANVI&va=chandrawal&Type=search |title="Chandrawal - Central Board of Film Certification" |access-date=19 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405165946/http://cbfcindia.gov.in/html/uniquepage.aspx?lang=HARYANVI&va=chandrawal&Type=search |archive-date=5 April 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Complete Index To World Film (CITWF)|url=http://www.citwf.com/film58065.htm}}</ref> The film was produced by Devi Shankar Prabhakar and starred Usha Sharma, Jagat Jakhar, Nasib Singh Kundu, and Daryav Singh Malik. Its financial success played a crucial role in the continued production of Haryanvi films, although none have matched its success since.<ref>{{cite news|title=Haryana may set up board to promote Haryanvi films|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/10/03/stories/2010100359290700.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101008025813/http://www.hindu.com/2010/10/03/stories/2010100359290700.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 October 2010|access-date=17 March 2011|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=3 October 2010}}</ref>

''[[Laado]]'', released in 2000, was another significant film in Haryanvi cinema, featuring actor [[Ashutosh Rana]] and directed by Ashwini Chaudhary. It won the [[Indira Gandhi Award for Best Debut Film of a Director]] at the [[National Film Awards]], making it the first Haryanvi film to win a national award.

In 2014, ''Pagdi The Honour'' garnered two National Film Awards at the [[62nd National Film Awards]].<ref name="Desk 2015">{{cite web | last=Desk | first=Online | title=Complete List of The 62nd National Film Awards | website=The New Indian Express | date=24 March 2015 | url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/Complete-List-of-The-62nd-National-Film-Awards/2015/03/24/article2728221.ece | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326221029/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/Complete-List-of-The-62nd-National-Film-Awards/2015/03/24/article2728221.ece | url-status=dead | archive-date=26 March 2015 | access-date=12 August 2015}}</ref> Baljinder Kaur received the [[National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress]] for her performance in the film,<ref name="outlookindia.com 2015">{{cite web | title=President Honours Cinematic Excellence at 62nd National Film Awards - May 03, 2015 | website=outlookindia.com | date=10 August 2015 | url=http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/president-honours-cinematic-excellence-at-62nd-national-film-awards/895041 | access-date=12 August 2015}}</ref> and the film was awarded Best Feature Film in Haryanvi.

In 2016, ''Satrangi'' won the [[63rd National Film Awards]] for Best Feature Film in Haryanvi. The film, directed by Sundeep Sharma, also earned Yashpal Sharma the Best Actor Award at the Jharkhand International Film Festival (JIFF) in 2018. It was successful at the Haryana International Film Festival, winning six awards in 2017.

== Notable films ==
{{main | List of Haryanvi-language films }}
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Film title !! Director/Producer !! Notable Achievement
|-
| 1968 || ''Dharti'' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://cbfcindia.gov.in/html/uniquepage.aspx?lang=HARYANVI&va=dharti&Type=search |title="Dharti - Central Board of Film Certification" |access-date=19 September 2011}}</ref> || Kidar Sharma || First Haryanvi language movie
|-
| 1982 || ''Bahurani'' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/10/03/stories/2010100359290700.htm |title=Haryana may set up board to promote Haryanvi films |access-date=17 March 2011 |archive-date=8 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101008025813/http://www.hindu.com/2010/10/03/stories/2010100359290700.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> || Arvind Swami || First commercially successful Haryanvi movie
|-
| 1984 || ''Chandrawal'' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://cbfcindia.gov.in/html/uniquepage.aspx?lang=HARYANVI&va=chandrawal&Type=search |title="Chandrawal - Central Board of Film Certification" |access-date=19 September 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Haryana may set up board to promote Haryanvi films|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/10/03/stories/2010100359290700.htm|access-date=17 March 2011|archive-date=8 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101008025813/http://www.hindu.com/2010/10/03/stories/2010100359290700.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> || Devi Shankar Prabhakar || First commercial superhit Haryanvi movie
|-
| 1984 || ''Chander Kiran'' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/10/03/stories/2010100359290700.htm |title=Haryana may set up board to promote Haryanvi films |access-date=17 March 2011 |archive-date=8 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101008025813/http://www.hindu.com/2010/10/03/stories/2010100359290700.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> || SS Rawal || Won Best Actress award for Pushpa Soni at the first Haryanvi Film Festival held in February 1986 at Hisar
|-
| 2000 || ''Laado'' <ref>{{Cite news |title=Complete List of The 62nd National Film Awards |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/Complete-List-of-The-62nd-National-Film-Awards/2015/03/24/article2728221.ece |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=26 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326221029/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/Complete-List-of-The-62nd-National-Film-Awards/2015/03/24/article2728221.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref> || Ashwini Chaudhary || Won the Indira Gandhi Award for Best Debut Film of a Director
|-
| 2014 || ''Pagdi The Honour'' <ref>{{cite web |title=President Honours Cinematic Excellence at 62nd National Film Awards - May 03,2015 |website=outlookindia.com |date=10 August 2015 |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/president-honours-cinematic-excellence-at-62nd-national-film-awards/895041 |access-date=12 August 2015}}</ref> || N/A || Won National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Haryanvi
|-
| 2016 || ''Satrangi'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Complete List of The 63rd National Film Awards |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/Complete-List-of-The-63rd-National-Film-Awards/2017/03/30/article1808588.ece |access-date=5 April 2017}}</ref> || Sundeep Sharma || Won Best Feature Film in Haryanvi at the 63rd National Film Awards; received six awards at the Haryana International Film Festival
|}

Overall, the financial success of films like ''Chandrawal'' paved the way for the Haryanvi film industry, leading to the production of numerous films, although only a fraction of them have achieved profitability in the box office, with only about one out of twelve films being successful.<ref>{{cite web |title=Haryana may set up board to promote Haryanvi films|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/10/03/stories/2010100359290700.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101008025813/http://www.hindu.com/2010/10/03/stories/2010100359290700.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 October 2010|access-date=17 March 2011|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=3 October 2010}}</ref>

== Festivals ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!width="25%"|Name
!width="5%"|Est.
!width="10%"|City
!width="15%"|Type
!width="30%"|Details
!width="15%"|Website
|-
|Haryana International Film Festival || 2016 || [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]]||International||Annual showcase of Haryanvi films || HIFF<ref>{{cite web |url=https://hiffindia.com/ |title=Haryana International Film Festival |website=HIFF India |access-date=27 October 2024}}</ref>
|}

==Film artists==
{| class="wikitable"
! Name !! Origin !! Notable works !! Contributions
|-
| [[Usha Sharma]] || Haryana || ''Gulaabo'', ''Pagdi The Honour'' || Impactful roles in Haryanvi cinema; promotes women's representation.
|-
| [[Arun Bali]] || Punjab || ''Chandrawal'', ''Dharti'' || Veteran actor known for versatility in regional cinema.
|-
| [[Gurdaas Maan]] || Punjab || ''Satrangi'', ''Kurbani Ek Junoon'' || Celebrated singer and actor; significant figure in Punjabi and Haryanvi music.
|-
| [[Jagat Jakhar]] || Haryana || ''Muthbhed - A Planned Encounter'', ''Yaari'' || Noted for performances resonating with local audiences.
|-
| [[Jaideep Ahlawat]] || Haryana || ''Tera Mera Vaada'', ''Pagdi The Honour'' || Recognized for strong, character-driven performances.
|-
| [[Rajendra Gupta]] || Haryana || ''Chora Haryane Ka'', ''Phool Badan'' || Esteemed actor with diverse body of work in Indian cinema.
|-
| [[Satish Kaushik]] || Haryana || ''Yaari'', ''Beera Shera'' || Versatile actor and director; contributions to comedy and drama.
|-
| [[Sri Vallabh Vyas]] || Rajasthan || ''Chand Chakori'', ''Chora Jat Ka'' || Renowned for compelling performances in supporting roles.
|-
| [[Uttar Kumar]] || Haryana || ''Mahari Dharti Mahari Maa'', ''Lambardaar'' || Recognized for work in Haryanvi films and cultural contributions.
|}

==Directors==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
! Name !! From !! Notable works
|-
| [[Rajeev Bhatia]] || N/A || ''Muthbhed - A Planned Encounter'', ''Tera Mera Vaada''
|-
| Sundeep Sharma || N/A || ''Satrangi'', ''Kurbani Ek Junoon''
|-
| Surinder Walia<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://t.justdial.com/Movies/London-Ki-Chhori-Haryanvi-Movie/11257273|title=London Ki Chhori- Cast, Reviews|website=Justdial.in|access-date=9 April 2019}}</ref> || N/A || ''London Ki Chhori''
|-
| [[Robin Sharaya]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm10067020/|title=Robin Sharaya|website=IMDB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com/search?kgmid=/g/11gxpbcngj&hl=en-IN&q=Robin+Sharaya&kgs=d2dd26267c10264d&shndl=17&source=sh/x/kp/osrp/2&entrypoint=sh/x/kp/osrp|title=Google Knowledge Panel|website=Google}}</ref> || [[Chhatehra]] || ''Unkahi'', ''Weg''
|-
| Aman Punia<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm12411282/|title=Aman Punia|website=IMDB}}</ref> || [[Bichpari]] || ''Chulha Nyond''
|}

==Cinematographers==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
! Name !! From !! Notable works
|-
| Neeraj Jangra<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm10469467/|title=Neeraj Jangra|website=IMDB}}</ref> || [[Rohtak]] || ''[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt35362333/?ref_=nm_flmg_job_1_unrel_t_1 Measure of Silence]'', ''[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt30750134/?ref_=nm_flmg_job_1_cdt_t_1 Dhara Ka Tame]''
|-
| Abhishek Saini<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm12856254/|title=Abhishek Saini|website=IMDB}}</ref> || [[Bahadurgarh]] || ''Chhaya'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt16385418/?ref_=nm_flmg_job_1_cred_t_4|title=Chhaya|website=IMDB}}</ref> ''Beyond the Wool''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt31229386/?ref_=nm_flmg_job_1_cred_t_1|title=Beyond the Wool|website=IMDB}}</ref>
|}

==Editors==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
! Name !! From !! Notable works
|-
| Sahil Sharaya<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm10072391/?ref_=tt_rvi_nm_i_5|title=Sahil Sharaya|website=IMDB}}</ref> || [[Chhatehra]] || ''Gehu''
|-
| Hitesh Dua<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm10067031/|title=Hitesh Dua|website=IMDB}}</ref> || [[Rohtak]] || ''Unkahi''
|}

== Haryana Film Policy ==
In May 2024, the Haryana government granted financial incentives to six films selected under the Haryana Film Policy. The selected films included [[Chhalaang]], [[Tera Kya Hoga Lovely]], Teri Meri Gal Ban Gayi, and Fuffad Ji. These films were recognized for promoting local culture, language, and talent. The state’s film policy aims to support regional filmmakers and attract production to Haryana.<ref>{{cite news |title=Incentive to six movies selected under Haryana Film Policy |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/incentive-to-six-movies-selected-under-haryana-film-policy-101747682013366.html |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=May 21, 2024 |access-date=May 25, 2025}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Film title !! Director/Producer !! Notable Achievement
|-
| 1968 || ''Dharti'' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://cbfcindia.gov.in/html/uniquepage.aspx?lang=HARYANVI&va=dharti&Type=search |title="Dharti - Central Board of Film Certification" |access-date=19 September 2011}}</ref> || Kidar Sharma || First Haryanvi film
|-
| 1982 || ''Bahurani'' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/10/03/stories/2010100359290700.htm |title=Haryana may set up board to promote Haryanvi films |access-date=17 March 2011 |archive-date=8 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101008025813/http://www.hindu.com/2010/10/03/stories/2010100359290700.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> || N/A || N/A
|-
| 1984 || ''Chandrawal'' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://cbfcindia.gov.in/html/uniquepage.aspx?lang=HARYANVI&va=chandrawal&Type=search |title="Chandrawal - Central Board of Film Certification" |access-date=19 September 2011}}</ref> || N/A || Most successful Haryanvi film
|-
| 1984 || ''Chander Kiran'' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/10/03/stories/2010100359290700.htm |title=Haryana may set up board to promote Haryanvi films |access-date=17 March 2011 |archive-date=8 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101008025813/http://www.hindu.com/2010/10/03/stories/2010100359290700.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> || [[SS Rawal]] || N/A
|-
| 1985 || ''Laado Basanti'' <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8682890/ |title=Laado Basanti |website=IMDb |access-date=27 October 2024}}</ref> || [[Devi Shanker Prabhaker]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1182209/?ref_=tt_ov_dr_1 |title=Devi Shanker Prabhaker |website=IMDb |access-date=27 October 2024}}</ref> || N/A
|-
| 1986 || ''Phool Badan'' <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8945060/ |title=Phool Badan |website=IMDb |access-date=27 October 2024}}</ref> || [[Devi Shanker Prabhaker]] || N/A
|-
| 1986 || ''Mahari Dharti Mahari Maa'' || Arvind Swami || N/A
|-
| 1987 || ''Jhanakdar Kangana'' <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gOWecEpQ84c |title=Jhanakdar Kangana |website=YouTube |access-date=27 October 2024}}</ref> || B S Rao || N/A
|-
| 1987 || ''Phaagan Aaya Re''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/phagan-aaya-re/SUvtlI6Dwyg_ |title=Phagan Aaya Re |website=JioSaavn |access-date=27 October 2024}}</ref> || N/A || N/A
|-
| N/A || ''Bairee'' || N/A || N/A
|-
| N/A || ''Bataeu'' || N/A || N/A
|-
| 1973 || ''Beera Shera''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SniTscrqbto |title=Beera Shera |website=YouTube |access-date=27 October 2024}}</ref> || Pardeep Nayar || N/A
|-
| N/A || ''Chabilee'' || N/A || N/A
|-
| N/A || ''Chail Gabharu'' || N/A || N/A
|-
| N/A || ''Chail Gaelyan Jaangi'' || N/A || N/A
|-
| N/A || ''Chand Chakori'' || N/A || N/A
|-
| N/A || ''Chandro'' || N/A || N/A
|-
| N/A || ''Chora Haryane Ka'' || N/A || N/A
|-
| N/A || ''Chora Jat Ka'' || N/A || N/A
|-
| N/A || ''Gulaabo'' || N/A || N/A
|-
| 1991 || ''Jatani'' || Devi Shanker Prabhaker || N/A
|-
| N/A || ''Ke Supney Ka Jikar'' || N/A || N/A
|-
| N/A || ''Lambardaar'' || N/A || N/A
|-
| N/A || ''Mahara Pihar Sansara'' || N/A || N/A
|-
| N/A || ''Muklava'' || N/A || N/A
|-
| N/A || ''Panghat'' || N/A || N/A
|-
| N/A || ''Phool Badan'' || Devi Shanker Prabhaker || N/A
|-
| N/A || ''Piya'' || N/A || N/A
|-
| N/A || ''Premi Ramphal'' || N/A || N/A
|-
| N/A || ''Yaari'' <ref>{{cite book|title=India, a reference annual|year=2001|publisher=Publications Division, Indian Ministry of Information and Broadcasting|pages=285}}</ref> || N/A || N/A
|-
| 2004 || ''Dhakad Chhora'' <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt11474750/ |title=Dhakad Chhora |website=IMDb |access-date=27 October 2024}}</ref> || Dinesh Chaudhary || N/A
|-
| N/A || ''Muthbhed - A Planned Encounter'' <ref>{{cite news|title=Political Statement|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Political-Statement/631719|access-date=17 March 2011|newspaper=Indian Express|date=10 June 2010}}</ref> || N/A || N/A
|-
| 2012 || ''Chandrawal-2'' <ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Chandrawal-2-After-years-of-honour-killing-again-a-reel-story/articleshow/12526701.cms | work=The Times Of India | title=Chandrawal-2: After years of honour killing, again a reel story - The Times of India}}</ref> || Nishant Prabhakar || N/A
|-
| 2012 || ''Tera Mera Vaada''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4868948/|title=Tera Mera Vaada|website=IMDB}}</ref>
|| Bhaal Singh Balhara || N/A
|-
| N/A || ''Modern Girl Desi Chhora'' || N/A || N/A
|-
| N/A || ''Maati Kare Pukar'' || N/A || N/A
|-
| N/A || ''London Ki Chhori'' || N/A || N/A
|-
| 2014 || ''Kunba''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt11581422/ |title=Kunba |website=IMDb |access-date=27 October 2024}}</ref> || Yash Chouhan || N/A
|-
| 2014 || ''Tere Te Pyar Hoya'' <ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.haryanviportal.com/2013/09/first-look-tere-te-pyar-hoya.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911002414/http://www.haryanviportal.com/2013/09/first-look-tere-te-pyar-hoya.html | url-status=usurped | archive-date=11 September 2014 | work=HaryanviPortal.Com | title=Tere Te Pyar Hoya (2014)}}</ref> || N/A || N/A
|-
| 2014 || ''Pagdi The Honour'' <ref>{{cite news | title=Pagdi: The Honour (2014) | url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3828724/}}</ref> || [[Rajeev Bhatia]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm6594249/?ref_=tt_ov_dr_1 |title=Rajive Bhatia |website=IMDb |access-date=27 October 2024}}</ref> || National Award-winning film
|-
| 2016 || ''Satrangi'' <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7624382/ |title=Satrangi |website=IMDb |access-date=27 October 2024}}</ref> || [[Sundeep Sharma]] || Best Haryanvi Film Award at the [[63rd National Film Awards]]
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Unkahi (2017 film)|Unkahi]]'' <ref>{{cite web |title=Unkahi |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8883602/ |website=IMDb |access-date=2024-10-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Unkahi - Google Knowledge Panel |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=Unkahi+Film+robin+sharaya |access-date=2024-10-27}}</ref> || [[Robin Sharaya]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Robin Sharaya - IMDb |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm10067020/?ref_=tt_ov_dr_1 |website=IMDb |access-date=2024-10-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Robin Sharaya - Google Knowledge Panel |url=https://g.co/kgs/cHQfUh1 |access-date=2024-10-27}}</ref> || Nominated at Mumbai International Film Festival 2020<ref>{{cite web |url=https://miff.in/media/2020/01/MIFF-Brochure.pdf |title=Nominated at Mumbai International Film Festival 2020 (Student's Film) - Unkahi |website=MIFF |access-date=27 October 2024 |format=PDF}}</ref> (Student's Film), Jagran Film Festival 2018 (Best Indian Short Film, "Short is Sweet" section), and Dehradun International Film Festival 2018 (Best Short Film). At Cut.In Students' National Film Festival 2019, won Golden Excellence for Best Editing ([[Hitesh Dua]]) and was nominated for Best Cinematography ([[Akshit Gandhi]]) and Best Short Film.
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Weg (2019 film)|Weg]]'' <ref>{{cite web |title=Weg |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt14103730/ |website=IMDb |access-date=2024-10-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Weg - Google Knowledge Panel |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=weg+robin+sharaya |access-date=2024-10-27}}</ref> || [[Robin Sharaya]] || '''WEG''' is the first Haryanvi superhero film by Robin Sharaya, set during the British colonial era. It introduces Weg, a young boy born with super speed. Produced by [[State Institute of Film and Television]]
|-
| 2022 || [[Dada Lakhmi (film)|''Dada Lakhmi'']]<ref>{{cite web |title=Dada Lakhmi |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt14677728/ |website=IMDb |access-date=2024-10-27}}</ref> || [[Yashpal Sharma (actor)|Yashpal Sharma]] || Best Haryanvi Film Award at the [[68th National Film Awards|68rd National Film Awards]]
|}

==See also==
; Haryana
* [[Administrative divisions of Haryana]]
* [[Haryana#Culture]]
* [[Haryana Tourism Corporation]]
* [[List of Indian folk dances#Haryana]]
* [[Haryanvi language]]
* [[Music of Haryana]]
** [[Saang]]
; General
* [[Hindi cinema]]
* [[List of Indian musical instruments]]
* [[List of Indian folk dances]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Cinema of India}}

[[Category:Haryanvi cinema| ]]
[[Category:Culture of Haryana]]

Farewell Sermon

2025-12-25T11:14:06Z

SharePoint Press: basic cleaned up content per standard format and added references as per guidelines

{{Short description|Muhammad's final sermon}}
{{Distinguish|text=Jesus's [[Farewell Discourse]]}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Primary sources|date=October 2021}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2022}}
{{Unreliable sources|date=February 2022|some=n}}
}}
[[File:Day of Hajj. Mecca, Saudi Arabia.jpg|thumb|The region where Muhammad addressed the Muslims, [[Mount Arafat]]]]
The '''Farewell Sermon''' ({{langx|ar|خطبة الوداع}}, ''Khuṭbatu l-Wadāʿ'' ) also known as''' Muhammad's Final Sermon''' or the '''Last Sermon''', is a religious speech, delivered by the [[Prophets in Islam|Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]] on Friday the 9th of [[Dhu al-Hijjah]], 10 [[Hijri year|AH]] (6 March 632<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.islamicfinder.org/dateConversion.php?mode=hij-ger&day=9&month=12&year=10&date_result=1|title=IslamicFinder: Accurate Prayer Times, Athan (Azan), Mosques (Masjids), Islamic Center, Muslim Owned Businesses, Hijri Calendar, Islamic Directory worldwide.|website=www.islamicfinder.org|access-date=2016-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309135655/http://www.islamicfinder.org/dateConversion.php?mode=hij-ger&day=9&month=12&year=10&date_result=1|archive-date=2016-03-09|url-status=dead}}</ref>) in the Uranah valley of [[Mount Arafat]], during the [[Farewell Pilgrimage|Islamic pilgrimage]] of [[Hajj]].
[[Muhammad al-Bukhari]] refers to the sermon and quotes part of it in his ''[[Sahih al-Bukhari]]''.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.sunnah.com/bukhari/25/217
|title=The Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) at your fingertips
}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.sunnah.com/bukhari/25/218
|title=The Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) at your fingertips
}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.sunnah.com/bukhari/25/219
|title=The Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) at your fingertips
}}</ref> Part of it is also present in ''[[Sahih Muslim]]''<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.sunnah.com/muslim/15/159
|title=The Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) at your fingertips
}}</ref> and ''[[Sunan Abu Dawood]]''.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.sunnah.com/abudawud/23/9
|title=The Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) at your fingertips
}}</ref> Verse {{cite quran|5|3|s=ns|b=n}}, "Today I have perfected for you your religion," is believed to have been recited during the address as the capstone verse of the [[Quran]].<ref name="Brown-2011">{{cite book |last1=Brown |first1=Jonathan A.C. |title=Muhammad, A very short introduction |date=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9JafXLrLiwYC&dq=farewell+sermon+muhammad+5:3&pg=PT64 |access-date=17 April 2020 |chapter=1. Life of the Messenger of God|isbn=978-0-19-151027-4 }}</ref>
Various versions of the sermon have been published, including several English translations. The sermon consists of a series of general exhortations for Muslims to follow the teachings that Allah had set forth in the [[Quran]] and Muhammad in his ''[[Sunnah]]''.
{{Muhammad}}

==Narrations in hadith literature==

In a [[hadith]] included in the ''[[Sahih Muslim]]'', ''[[Sunan Abi Dawood]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sunan Abi Dawud; Hadith no. 1906; Book 11, Hadith 186; English Translation - Book 10, Hadith 1901 |url=https://sunnah.com/ibnmajah:3074}}</ref> and ''[[Sunan Ibn Majah]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sunan Ibn Majah, Hadith no. 3074; In book - Book 25, Hadith 193; English Translation - Vol. 4, Book 25, Hadith 3074 |url=https://sunnah.com/ibnmajah:3074}}</ref> [[Jabir ibn Abd Allah]] narrated details of Muhammad's pilgrimage and reported the following words of his sermon:

===Sahih Muslim Book 15, Hadith 159===
{{Quotation|
Ja'far b. Muhammad reported on the authority of his father:
:We went to Jabir b. Abdullah and he began inquiring about the people (who had gone to see him) till it was my turn. I said: I am Muhammad b. 'Ali b. Husain. [...] I said to him: Tell me about the Hajj of Allah's Messenger (May peace be upon him). And he pointed with his hand nine, and then stated:
::[...] The Messenger of Allah [...] came to the bottom of the valley, and addressed the people saying:
:::Verily your blood, your property are as sacred and inviolable as the sacredness of this day of yours, in this month of yours, in this town of yours. Behold! Everything pertaining to the [[Jahiliyyah|Days of Ignorance]] is under my feet completely abolished. Abolished are also the blood-revenges of the Days of Ignorance. The first claim of ours on blood-revenge which I abolish is that of the son of [[Rabi'ah ibn al-Harith|Rabi'a b. al-Harith]], who was nursed among the tribe of Sa'd and killed by Hudhail. And the [[usury]] of the pre-Islamic period is abolished, and the first of our usury I abolish is that of [[Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib|'Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]], for it is all abolished. Fear Allah concerning women! Verily you have taken them on the security of Allah, and intercourse with them has been made lawful unto you by words of Allah. You too have right over them, and that they should not allow anyone to sit on your bed whom you do not like. But if they do that, you can chastise them but not severely. Their rights upon you are that you should provide them with food and clothing in a fitting manner. I have left among you the Book of Allah, and if you hold fast to it, you would never go astray. And you would be asked about me (on the [[Akhirah|Day of Resurrection]]), (now tell me) what would you say? They (the audience) said: We will bear witness that you have conveyed (the message), discharged (the ministry of Prophethood) and given wise (sincere) counsel. He (the narrator) said: He (the Holy Prophet) then raised his forefinger towards the sky and pointing it at the people (said): "O Allah, be witness. O Allah, be witness," saying it thrice.<ref>''[[Sahih Muslim]]'', book 15 (The Book of Pilgrimage), [http://sunnah.com/muslim/15/159 hadith 159].</ref>}}

===Sunan al-Tirmidhi Vol. 1, Book 7, Hadith 1163===
{{Quotation|Sulaiman bin Amr bin Al-Ahwas said:
:My father narrated to me that he witnessed the farewell Hajj with the Messenger of Allah. So he thanked and praised Allah and he reminded and gave admonition. He mentioned a story in his narration and he (the Prophet) said: “And indeed I order you to be good to the women, for they are but captives<ref name="alTirmidhi"/> with you over whom you have no power than that, except if they come with manifest [[Fahishah]] (lewd behavior). If they do that, then abandon their beds and beat them with a beating that is not harmful. And if they obey you then you have no cause against them. Indeed you have rights over your women, and your women have rights over you. As for your rights over your women, then they must not allow anyone whom you dislike to treat on your bedding (furniture), nor to admit anyone in your home that you dislike. And their rights over you are that you treat them well in clothing them and feeding them.<ref name="alTirmidhi">''[[Sunan al-Tirmidhi]]'', volume 1, book 7 (The Book on Suckling), [https://sunnah.com/tirmidhi/12/18 hadith 1163]</ref>}}

===Sunan ibn Maja Vol. 3, Book 9, Hadith 1851===
{{Quotation|It was narrated that:
:Sulaiman bin Amr bin Ahwas said:
::“My father told me that he was present on the Farewell pilgrimage with the Messenger of Allah. He praised and glorified Allah, and reminder and exhorted (the people). Then he said: 'I enjoin good treatment of women, for they are prisoners<ref name="ibnMaja"/> with you, and you have no right to treat them otherwise, unless they commit clear indecency. If they do that, then forsake them in their beds and hit them, but without causing injury or leaving a mark. If they obey you, then do not seek means of annoyance against them. You have rights over your women and your women have rights over you. Your rights over your women are that they are not to allow anyone whom you dislike on treat on your bedding (furniture), not allow anyone whom you dislike to enter your houses. And their right over you are that should treat them kindly with regard to their clothing and food.<ref name="ibnMaja">''[[Sunan ibn Majah]]'', volume 3, book 9 (The Chapters on Marriage), [https://sunnah.com/urn/1261680 hadith 1851]</ref>}}

==Report by Al-Jahiz==
[[Al-Jahiz]] in the ''[[Kitāb al-Bayān wa-al-Tabyīn]]'' presents the following text of the Farewell Sermon,<ref>{{cite book |author=Al-Jāḥiẓ |author-link=Al-Jahiz |title=البيان والتبيين / al-Bayān wa-al-tabyīn |publisher=Maktabah al-Khānjī |location=al-Qāhirah |year=1998 |pages=31–33 |edition=7th |language=ar |others=Taḥqīq and sharḥ by ‘Abd as-Salām Muḥammad Hārūn}}</ref> also mentioned in Musnad of Imam Ahmad (hadith no.19774) as translated and annotated by [[Nuh Ha Mim Keller]]:<ref name="Keller2001"/>

{{Quotation|All praise is Allah’s. We praise Him, seek His help, ask His forgiveness, and we repent unto Him. We seek refuge in Allah from the evils of our selves and our bad actions. Whomever Allah guides none can lead astray, and whomever He leads astray has no one to guide him. I testify that there is no god but Allah alone, without any partner, and I testify that Muhammad is his slave and messenger. I enjoin you, O servants of Allah, to be godfearing towards Allah, I urge you to obey Him, and I begin with that which is best.

To commence: O people, hear me well: I explain to you. For I do not know; I may well not meet you again in this place where I now stand, after this year of mine.

O people: your lives and your property, until the very day you meet your Lord, are as inviolable to each other as the inviolability of this day you are now in, and the month you are now in. Have I given the message?—O Allah, be my witness. So let whoever has been given something for safekeeping give it back to him who gave him it.

Truly, the usury of the [[Jahiliyyah|Era of Ignorance]] has been laid aside forever, and the first usury I begin with is that which is due to my father’s brother [[Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib|‘Abbas ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib]]. And truly the blood-vengeance of the Era of Ignorance has been laid aside forever, and the first blood-vengeance we shall start with is that which is due for the blood of [my kinsman] [[Rabi'ah ibn al-Harith|‘Amir ibn Rabi‘a ibn Harith ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib]]. Truly, the hereditary distinctions that were pretensions to respect in the Era of Ignorance have been laid aside forever, except for the custodianship of the [[Kaaba]] [by [[Banu Abd al-Dar|Bani ‘Abd al-Dar]]] and the giving of drink to pilgrims [by al-‘Abbas].

A deliberate murder is subject to retaliation in kind. An accidental death from a deliberate injury means a death resulting from [something not usually used or intended as a deadly weapon such as] a stick or a rock, for which the indemnity is one hundred camels: whoever asks for more is a person of the Era of Ignorance.

O people: the Devil has despaired of ever being worshipped in this land of yours, though he is content to be obeyed in other works of yours, that you deem to be of little importance.

O people: postponing the inviolability of a sacred month [claiming to postpone the prohibition of killing in it to a subsequent month, so as to continue warring despite the sacred month’s having arrived] is a surfeit of unbelief, by which those who disbelieve are led astray, making it lawful one year and unlawful in another, in order to match the number [of months] Allah has made inviolable. Time has verily come full turn, to how it was the day Allah created the heavens and the earth. Four months there are which are inviolable, three in a row and forth by itself: Dhul Qa‘da, Dhul Hijja, and Muharram; and Rajab, which lies between Jumada and Sha‘ban. Have I given the message?—O Allah, be my witness.

O people: verily you owe your women their rights, and they owe you yours. They may not lay with another men in your beds, let anyone into your houses you do not want without your permission, or commit indecency. If they do, Allah has given you leave to debar them, send them from your beds, or [finally] strike them in a way that does no harm. But if they desist, and obey you, then you must provide for them and clothe them fittingly. The women who live with you are like captives, unable to manage for themselves: you took them as a trust from Allah, and enjoyed their sex as lawful through a word [legal ruling] from Allah. So fear Allah in respect to women, and concern yourselves with their welfare. Have I given the message?—O Allah, be my witness.

O people, believers are but brothers. No one may take his brother’s property without his full consent. Have I given the message?—O Allah, be my witness. Never go back to being unbelievers, smiting each other’s necks, for verily, I have left among you that which if you take it, you will never stray after me: the Book of Allah. Have I given the message?—O Allah, be my witness.

O people, your Lord is One, and your father is one: all of you are from Adam, and Adam was from the ground. The noblest of you in Allah’s sight is the most godfearing: Arab has no merit over non-Arab other than godfearingness. Have I given the message?—O Allah, be my witness. —At this, they said yes.

He said, Then let whomever is present tell whomever is absent.

O people, Allah has apportioned to every deserving heir his share of the estate, and no deserving heir may accept a special bequest, and no special bequest may exceed a third of the estate. A child’s lineage is that of the [husband who owns the] bed, and adulterers shall be stoned. Whoever claims to be the son of someone besides his father or a bondsman who claims to belong to other than his masters shall bear the curse of Allah and the angels and all men: no deflecting of it or ransom for it shall be accepted from him.

And peace be upon all of you, and the mercy of Allah.<ref name="Keller2001">{{cite web |author=Nuh Ha Mim Keller |title=Adab of Islam |url=http://www.masud.co.uk/ISLAM/nuh/adab_of_islam.htm |website=masud.co.uk |year=2001}}</ref>}}

==See also==
{{Wikiquote}}
* [[Verse of Ikmal al-Din]]
* [[Event of Ghadir Khumm]]
* [[Farewell Pilgrimage]]
* [[Muhammad in Islam]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Muhammad footer}}

[[Category:Life of Muhammad]]
[[Category:Islamic sermons]]
[[Category:7th-century speeches]]
[[Category:632]]
[[Category:Islamic terminology]]
[[Category:Farewell addresses]]

[[si:අවසාන දේශනය]]

Chris Lebenzon

2025-12-25T00:49:11Z

SharePoint Press:

{{short description|American film editor}}
{{BLP sources|date=April 2024}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Chris Lebenzon
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Christopher John Lebenzon
| birth_date = October 29
| birth_place = [[Redwood City, California]], [[USA]]
| occupation = Film editor
| years_active = 1981–present
}}

'''Christopher John Lebenzon''' is an American [[film editor]] with more than 50 film credits dating from 1981. The films he has edited have grossed over $10 billion worldwide.

==Career==
He has been nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Film Editing]] for the films ''[[Top Gun]]'' (1986) and ''[[Crimson Tide (film)|Crimson Tide]]'' (1995). He is a member of the American Cinema Editors (A.C.E) and has been nominated six times having won The Eddie Award for his work on ''[[Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007 film)|Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street]]'' (2007) and ''[[Alice in Wonderland (2010 film)|Alice in Wonderland]]'' (2010). He is noted particularly for working with directors [[Michael Bay]], [[Tony Scott]] and has worked with [[Tim Burton]] for over 25 years.

In addition to editing, he has also served as an executive producer on ''[[Alice in Wonderland (2010 film)|Alice in Wonderland]]'' (2010) and ''[[Dark Shadows (film)|Dark Shadows]]'' (2012).

==Filmography (as editor)==
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;"
! Year
! Film
! [[Film director|Director]]
! Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" |1981<ref name="Doyle p. 360">{{cite book | last=Doyle | first=M. | title=Hancock On Hancock | publisher=BearManor Media | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gW9iDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT360 | access-date=2024-04-06 | page=360}}</ref>
|''[[Wolfen (film)|Wolfen]]''
|[[Michael Wadleigh]]
|
|-
|''[[One from the Heart]]''
| rowspan="2" |[[Francis Ford Coppola]]
|Assistant editor
|-
|1983
|''[[The Outsiders (film)|The Outsiders]]''
|First assistant editor
|-
|1984
|''[[A Breed Apart (1984 film)|A Breed Apart]]''
|[[Philippe Mora]]
|
|-
|1985
|''[[Weird Science (film)|Weird Science]]''
|[[John Hughes (filmmaker)|John Hughes]]
|
|-
|1986
|''[[Top Gun]]''<ref name="Doyle p. 151">{{cite book | last=Doyle | first=M. | title=Larry Cohen: The Stuff of Gods and Monsters | publisher=BearManor Media | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qlV1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT151 | access-date=2024-04-06 | page=151}}</ref>
| rowspan="2" |[[Tony Scott]]
|Nominated—[[Academy Awards|Academy Award]] for [[Academy Award for Best Film Editing|Best Film Editing]]
|-
|rowspan=2|1987
|''[[Beverly Hills Cop II]]''<ref name="Taylor 2019 p. 62"/>
|
|-
|''[[Weeds (1987 film)|Weeds]]''
|[[John D. Hancock]]
|
|-
|1988
|''[[Midnight Run]]''
|[[Martin Brest]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2|1990
|''[[Revenge (1990 film)|Revenge]]''<ref name="Taylor 2019 p. 62">{{cite book | last=Taylor | first=L. | title=Tony Scott: A Filmmaker on Fire | publisher=McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers | year=2019 | isbn=978-1-4766-7566-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CX6CDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT62 | access-date=2024-04-06 | page=62}}</ref>
|rowspan=2|Tony Scott
|
|-
|''[[Days of Thunder]]''
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1991
|''[[Hudson Hawk]]''
|[[Michael Lehmann]]
|
|-
|''[[The Last Boy Scout]]''
|Tony Scott
|Additional editor
|-
|1992
|''[[Batman Returns]]''<ref name="Ament 2014 p. 70">{{cite book | last=Ament | first=V.T. | title=The Foley Grail: The Art of Performing Sound for Film, Games, and Animation | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2014 | isbn=978-1-135-02171-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lypEAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT70 | access-date=2024-04-06 | page=70}}</ref>
|[[Tim Burton]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1993
|''[[The Nightmare Before Christmas]]''
|[[Henry Selick]]
|Consulting editor
|-
|''[[Josh and S.A.M.]]''
|[[Billy Weber]]
|
|-
|1994
|''[[Ed Wood (film)|Ed Wood]]''
|Tim Burton
|
|-
|1995
|''[[Crimson Tide (film)|Crimson Tide]]''
|Tony Scott
|Nominated—[[Academy Awards|Academy Award]] for [[Academy Award for Best Film Editing|Best Film Editing]]
|-
|1996
|''[[Mars Attacks!]]''<ref name="Gems Pop 2021 p. 216">{{cite book | last1=Gems | first1=J. | last2=Pop | first2=M. | title=Mars Attacks Memoirs | publisher=Quota Books Limited | year=2021 | isbn=978-1-9162460-5-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2akWEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT216 | language=fr | access-date=2024-04-06 | page=216}}</ref>
|Tim Burton
|
|-
|1997
|''[[Con Air]]''
|[[Simon West]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2|1998
|''[[Armageddon (1998 film)|Armageddon]]''
|[[Michael Bay]]
|
|-
|''[[Enemy of the State (film)|Enemy of the State]]''
|Tony Scott
|
|-
|1999
|''[[Sleepy Hollow (film)|Sleepy Hollow]]''
|Tim Burton
|Nominated—[[Satellite Award]] for [[Satellite Award for Best Editing|Best Editing]]
|-
|2000
|''[[Gone in 60 Seconds (2000 film)|Gone in 60 Seconds]]''
|[[Dominic Sena]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2|2001
|''[[Pearl Harbor (film)|Pearl Harbor]]''
|Michael Bay
|
|-
|''[[Planet of the Apes (2001 film)|Planet of the Apes]]''
|Tim Burton
|
|-
| 2002
| ''[[XXX (2002 film)|XXX]]''
| [[Rob Cohen]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2003
|''[[Radio (2003 film)|Radio]]''
|[[Michael Tollin]]
|
|-
|''[[Big Fish]]''
| Tim Burton
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2005
|''[[Man of the House (2005 film)|Man of the House]]''
|[[Stephen Herek]]
|
|-
|''[[Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (film)|Charlie and the Chocolate Factory]]''<ref name="Doyle p. 151"/>
| rowspan="2" |Tim Burton
|Nominated—[[American Cinema Editors Award for Best Edited Feature Film – Comedy or Musical|ACE Award for Best Edited Feature Film – Comedy or Musical]]
|-
|''[[Corpse Bride]]''
| with Jonathan Lucas
|-
|rowspan=2|2006
|''[[Déjà Vu (2006 film)|Déjà Vu]]''
|Tony Scott
|
|-
|''[[Eragon (film)|Eragon]]''
|[[Stefen Fangmeier]]
|Also additional editor
|-
| 2007
| ''[[Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007 film)|Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street]]''
| Tim Burton
| [[American Cinema Editors Award for Best Edited Feature Film – Comedy or Musical|ACE Award for Best Edited Feature Film – Comedy or Musical]] [[Awards Circuit Community Awards]] for Best Film Editing Nominated - Gold Derby Awards for Best Film Editing
|-
| 2009
|''[[The Taking of Pelham 123 (2009 film)|The Taking of Pelham 123]]''
|rowspan=2|Tony Scott
|
|-
|rowspan=2|2010
|''[[Unstoppable (2010 film)|Unstoppable]]''
|Nominated—[[Satellite Award]] for [[Satellite Award for Best Editing|Best Editing]]
|-
|''[[Alice in Wonderland (2010 film)|Alice in Wonderland]]''<ref name="Doyle p. 151"/>
| rowspan="4" |Tim Burton
|Also executive producer [[American Cinema Editors Award for Best Edited Feature Film – Comedy or Musical|ACE Editors Award for Best Edited Feature Film – Comedy or Musical]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |2012
|''[[Dark Shadows (film)|Dark Shadows]]''
|Also executive producer
|-
|''[[Frankenweenie (2012 film)|Frankenweenie]]''
|Nominated—ACE Award for Best Edited Animated Feature Film
|-
|''[[Here with Me (The Killers song)|Here with Me]]''
|Music video
|-
|2014
|''[[Maleficent (film)|Maleficent]]''
|[[Robert Stromberg]]
|
|-
|2015
|''[[The Last Witch Hunter]]''
|Breck Eisner
|
|-
|2016
|''[[Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children (film)|Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children]]''
|Tim Burton
|
|-
|2017
|''[[Geostorm]]''
|[[Dean Devlin]]
|
|-
|2019
|''[[Dumbo (2019 film)|Dumbo]]''
|Tim Burton
|
|-
|2020
|''[[Dolittle (film)|Dolittle]]''
|[[Stephen Gaghan]]
| with [[Craig Alpert]]
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2022
|''[[Uncharted (film)|Uncharted]]''
| [[Ruben Fleischer]]
| with [[Richard Pearson (film editor)|Richard Pearson]]
|-
| ''[[Disenchanted (film)|Disenchanted]]''
| [[Adam Shankman]]
| with [[Emma E. Hickox]]
|-
| ''[[Top Gun: Maverick]]''
| [[Joseph Kosinski]]
| Additional Editor
|-
|2023
| ''[[Ghosted (2023 film)|Ghosted]]''
| [[Dexter Fletcher]]
| with Jim May and Josh Schaeffer
|-
|2024
| ''[[Kraven the Hunter (film)|Kraven the Hunter]]''
| [[J. C. Chandor]]
| Additional Editor
|-
|2025
| ''[[Play Dirty (2025 film)|Play Dirty]]''
| [[Shane Black]]
|
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|495605|Chris Lebenzon}}

{{American Cinema Editors Award for Best Edited Feature Film}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lebenzon, Chris}}
[[Category:American Cinema Editors]]
[[Category:American film editors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1953 births]]

{{US-film-editor-stub}}

Koyal

2025-12-19T06:29:37Z

SharePoint Press:

{{Wikt|कोयल}}

'''Koyal''' may refer to:
[https://koyal.pk/ Koyal] Pakistan's Largest Regional Music Platform
*[[Koel]], a genus of cuckoo birds
*[[Koyal, Haryana]], a village in India
*[[Koyal, Madhya Pradesh]], a village in India
*[[Koyal, Rajasthan]], a village in India
*[[Koyal (TV series)|''Koyal'' (TV series)]], a 2022 Pakistani television series

== See also ==

* [[Koel (disambiguation)]]
* [[Kokila (disambiguation)]]
{{geodis}}

Raorchestes shillongensis

2025-12-18T04:12:47Z

SharePoint Press: adding bio

{{short description|Species of frog}}
{{Speciesbox
|image=Xmas frog Shillong.jpg
|status=LC
|status_system=IUCN3.1
|status_ref=<ref name=IUCN />
|taxon=Raorchestes shillongensis
|authority=(Pillai & Chanda, 1973)
|synonyms_ref=
|synonyms=''Philautus shillongensis'' Pillai & Chanda, 1973
|range_map=Raorchestes shillongensis map-fr.svg
|range_map_caption=Distribution of ''Raorchestes shillongensis''
}}

'''''Raorchestes shillongensis''''' (common names: '''Shillong bubble-nest frog''', '''Shillong bush frog''', '''Xmas frog''') is a species of [[frog]] in the family [[Rhacophoridae]]. It is [[Endemism|endemic]] to Greater Shillong in North East [[India]]. It is known from the [[Khasi Hills]] in the region of [[Shillong]], [[Meghalaya]] in north-eastern India.<ref name=frost>{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Rhacophoridae/Rhacophorinae/Raorchestes/Raorchestes-shillongensis |title=''Raorchestes shillongensis'' (Pillai and Chanda, 1973) |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2014 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |access-date=31 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="IUCN">{{cite web
|title=Shillong Bush Frog: ''Raorchestes shillongensis''
|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/58902/166107836
|website=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
|page= e.T58902A166107836
|doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T58902A166107836.en
|id=58902
|year=2023
|author1=IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group
|accessdate=August 22, 2023
|version=3.1}}</ref><ref name=Amph>{{BioRef|amphibiaweb
|title= ''Raorchestes shillongensis'' (Pillai and Chanda, 1973)
|author1=
|editor1=
|date=
|language=
|url=https://amphibiaweb.org/species/4452
|access-date=August 13, 2023}}</ref>

==Habitat and conservation==

This frog is widespread in the Khasi Hills and has also been observed in other places, mostly between 1000 and 1600 meters above sea level. This frog perches on shrubs in forests, but it can also live near streams and even in human settlements. Like other frogs in ''Raorchestes'', scientists believe it breeds through [[direct development]] with no free-swimming tadpole stage.<ref name=IUCN />

Scientists classify this frog as least concern of extinction because of its large range and its tolerance to habitat disturbance. What threats remain come from habitat loss, such as [[deforestation]] associated with [[logging]] and infrastructure. Scientists also cite [[climate change]] as a threat to this species. Because it lives at high elevations, it cannot simply migrate in search of new habitats.<ref name=IUCN />

==Documentary==
''Thumbelina - the story of an Xmas Frog'' by award-winning Indian wildlife filmmaker Ashwika Kapur is a documentary on ''Raorchestes shillongensis''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.natgeotraveller.in/meet-shillongs-xmas-frog-so-tiny-it-fits-in-a-raindrop/|title=Meet Shillong's Xmas Frog: So Tiny, It Fits In a Raindrop|access-date=2019-09-08}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q28008099}}

[[Category:Raorchestes|shillongensis]]
[[Category:Endemic amphibians of India]]
[[Category:Frogs of India]]
[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]
[[Category:Amphibians described in 1973]]

{{Rhacophoridae-stub}}

Farokh Engineer

2025-11-22T06:01:48Z

SharePoint Press: slightly update content as per guidelines further and added references

{{Short description|Indian cricketer (born 1938)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Farokh Engineer
| fullname = Farokh Maneksha Engineer
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1938|2|25|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Bombay]], [[Bombay Province]], [[British India]]
| batting = Right-handed
| role = [[Wicket-keeper-batsman]]

| international = true
| internationalspan = 1961–1975
| country = India

| testdebutdate = 1 December
| testdebutyear = 1961
| testdebutagainst = England
| testcap = 102
| lasttestdate = 23 January
| lasttestyear = 1975
| lasttestagainst = West Indies
| odidebutdate = 13 July
| odidebutyear = 1974
| odidebutagainst = England
| odicap = 3
| lastodidate = 14 June
| lastodiyear = 1975
| lastodiagainst = New Zealand

| club1 = [[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]]
| year1 = {{nowrap|1959/60–1974/75}}
| club2 = [[West Zone cricket team|West Zone]]
| year2 = {{nowrap|1961/62–1974/75}}
| club3 = [[Lancashire County Cricket Club|Lancashire]]
| year3 = {{nowrap|1968–1976}}

| columns = 4
| hidedeliveries = true

| column1 = [[Test cricket|Test]]
| column2 = [[One Day International|ODI]]
| column3 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
| column4 = [[List A cricket|LA]]
| matches1 = 46
| matches2 = 5
| matches3 = 335
| matches4 = 160

| runs1 = 2,611
| runs2 = 114
| runs3 = 13,436
| runs4 = 3,008
| top score1 = 121
| top score2 = 54[[not out|*]]
| top score3 = 192
| top score4 = 93
| 100s/50s1 = 2/16
| 100s/50s2 = 0/1
| 100s/50s3 = 13/69
| 100s/50s4 = 0/12
| bat avg1 = 31.08
| bat avg2 = 38.00
| bat avg3 = 29.52
| bat avg4 = 23.31

| catches/stumpings1 = 66/16
| catches/stumpings2 = 3/1
| catches/stumpings3 = 704/120
| catches/stumpings4 = 159/31

| date = 15 December
| year = 2023
| source = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/1/1160/1160.html CricketArchive {{subscription required}}

| module = {{Infobox person
| embed = yes
| signature = Farokh Autograph.jpg}}
}}
'''Farokh Maneksha Engineer''' ({{audio|Farokh_Engineer.ogg|pronunciation}}) (born 25 February 1938) is an Indian former [[cricket]]er. He was a [[wicket-keeper-batsman]], usually an [[opening batsman]], who represented [[India national cricket team|India]] in 46 [[Test cricket|Test matches]] from 1961 to 1975. In [[first-class cricket]], he played for [[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]] from 1959/60 to 1974/75, for [[West Zone cricket team|West Zone]] from 1961/62 to 1974/75, and for [[Lancashire County Cricket Club]] from 1968 to 1976. He was the first-choice wicket-keeper for the [[World XI (cricket)|Rest of the World team]] which toured [[Rest of the World cricket team in England in 1970|England in 1970]] and [[Rest of the World cricket team in Australia in 1971–72|Australia in 1971–72]]. Engineer is the first Man of the Match for India in the Men's Cricket World Cup because of his performance (54* & a catch) against [[East Africa cricket team|East Africa]] in the [[1975 Cricket World Cup]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=East Africa vs India, 6th Match at Leeds, Jun 11 1975 – Full Scorecard |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/prudential-world-cup-1975-60793/east-africa-vs-india-6th-match-65040/full-scorecard |website=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>

Engineer is the last male member of the [[Parsi]] community to have played for India,<ref name="cmon">{{cite web |url=http://www.thecricketmonthly.com/story/573954/-i-was-born-to-be-a-one-day-player |last=Chaudhry |first=Ijaz |title=I was born to be a one-day player |work=Cricket Monthly |date=26 July 2012}}</ref> although [[Arzan Nagwaswalla]] was selected for the international squad in 2021.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/in-pictures-parsi-cricketers-who-have-played-for-india/article34519324.ece |title=In pictures. Parsi cricketers who have played for India. |work=The Hindu |date=9 May 2021}}</ref>

==Early life==
===Education and beginning of cricket career===
Engineer was born 25 February 1938 into a [[Parsis|Parsi]] family in [[Bombay]].<ref name="znet">{{cite web|url=https://zoroastrians.net/2016/02/29/18-facts-about-farokh-engineer/|title=18 facts about Farokh Engineer|date=29 February 2016|website=Zoroastrians.net}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cricketcountry.com/criclife/10-parsis-who-played-test-cricket-for-india-505478 |author=Shiamak Unwalla |title=12 Parsis who played Test cricket for India |publisher=Cricket Country |date=30 July 2015}}</ref> His father Manecksha was a doctor by profession, and his mother, Minnie was a housewife. Engineer studied at the [[Don Bosco High School, Matunga|Don Bosco High School]] in [[Matunga]] and later at [[Ramniranjan Anandilal Podar College of Commerce and Economics|Podar College]], also in Matunga.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://donboscomatunga.com/alumni/notable-alumni/ |title=Notable Alumni. Don Bosco High School |publisher=Don Bosco High School, Matunga |access-date=15 December 2023 |archive-date=17 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200817202648/https://donboscomatunga.com/alumni/notable-alumni/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Engineer became a student at the [[University of Bombay]] and, in 1958/59, played cricket for both their team and the [[Indian Universities cricket team|Indian Universities team]]. He joined [[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]] in 1959, though he continued to play for the Universities until 1961/62.<ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/1/1160/all_teams.html Teams Farokh Engineer has played for]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 15 December 2023. {{subscription required}}</ref>

During his childhood, Engineer's first ambition was to be a [[pilot]].<ref name="cmon"/> However, he developed a love for sports from his father who played [[tennis]] and was himself a club cricketer. Farokh's older brother, Darius, was also a good club cricketer. He once took Farokh to the East Stand of the [[Brabourne Stadium]], where they saw [[Denis Compton]] fielding. Farokh called to Compton who gave him a piece of chewing gum which he saved as his prized possession for many years.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://parsi-times.com/2016/06/a-few-good-men-farokh-engineer/ |last=Surti |first=Binaisha |title=A Few Good Men... Farokh Engineer |work=Parsi Times |date=6 June 2016}}</ref> His father enrolled him in Dadar Parsi Colony Sporting Club where he learned the nuances of the game from the seniors and later became a regular member of the team.<ref name="znet"/>

==Test career==
'''NOTE:''' ''All content in this section was moved to workspace because of [[BP:RS|sourcing]] and [[BP:POV|POV]] issues. A rewrite is in progress''.

Engineer played in 46 [[Test cricket|Test matches]] for [[India national cricket team|India]] from 1961/62 to 1974/75. He also played in five [[One Day International|ODI]]s, all in 1974/75. He scored 2,611 runs in Tests, including two centuries with a highest score of 121. He took 66 [[caught|catches]] and completed 16 [[stumped|stumpings]].<ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/1/1160/1160.html Farokh Engineer]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 16 December 2023. {{subscription required}}</ref>

===Debut===
Engineer made his Test debut on 1 December 1961 when India played [[England cricket team|England]] at the [[Green Park Stadium|Modi Stadium]] in [[Kanpur]]. It was the second Test of the [[English cricket team in India, Pakistan and Ceylon in 1961–62|1961/62 series]]. Engineer replaced [[Budhi Kunderan]] as wicket-keeper in the Indian team, and these two players competed for the role until Kunderan's retirement in 1967.<ref name="IE612">[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/25/25240.html India v England 1961, Second Test]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 31 January 2024. {{subscription required}}</ref> The first Test, played three weeks earlier, had been [[draw (cricket)|drawn]].<ref>[https://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/25/25206.html India v England 1961, First Test]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 31 January 2024. {{subscription required}}</ref> India, [[captain (cricket)|captained]] by [[Nari Contractor]], won the toss at Kanpur and batted first. Engineer was ninth man in at 414/7 and joined [[Polly Umrigar]]. They added 53 for the eighth wicket until Engineer was stumped by [[John Murray (cricketer, born 1935)|John Murray]] for 33. Contractor [[declared]] as soon as the wicket fell with India on 467/8 and Umrigar 147 [[not out]]. Engineer's first dismissal as a Test wicket-keeper was England opener [[Peter Richardson (cricketer)|Peter Richardson]], whom he caught off [[Subhash Gupte]] for 22. Engineer later caught [[David Allen (cricketer)|David Allen]] off [[Chandu Borde]]. England were [[all out (cricket)|all out]] for 244 and Contractor enforced the [[follow-on]]. With well over a day's play remaining, India hoped to dismiss England again and win the match, but England recovered well to score 497/5 with centuries by [[Geoff Pullar]], [[Ken Barrington]], and their captain [[Ted Dexter]]. The match ended in a draw.<ref name="IE612"/>

==Lancashire==
{{Quote box |quote="He finds both cricket and life fun; he laughs easily and his jokes are often very funny but he can be grave. His appeals are as loud as anyone's yet off the field he is quietly spoken. As a batsman or wicketkeeper he is aggressive, yet he is a man of consideration and courtesy. There has always been a quality of generosity about his cricket and his way of life". |source=''Farokh – The Cricketing Cavalier'' by [[John Arlott]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.max-books.co.uk/home/farokh-cricketing-cavalier.html |title=Farokh – The Cricketing Cavalier |publisher=MaxBooks |date=27 August 2021}}</ref> |width=35% |align=right}}

In 1968, when English cricket allowed its [[county cricket|county clubs]] to sign overseas players, Engineer joined [[Lancashire County Cricket Club|Lancashire]] alongside West Indies batsman [[Clive Lloyd]]. He spent nine seasons there, until he retired in 1976.<ref name="CAP">[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/1/1160/1160.html Farokh Engineer]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 15 December 2023. {{subscription required}}</ref> Lancashire had not won a major honour since 1950 but, while Engineer and Lloyd played for them, they became a highly successful [[limited overs cricket|limited overs team]], winning the [[Gillette Cup (England)|Gillette Cup]] four times and the [[John Player League]] twice.<ref name="znet"/>

Engineer was playing for Lancashire in 1970 when he was selected as wicket-keeper for the [[Rest of the World cricket team in England in 1970|Rest of the World]] team, captained by [[Garfield Sobers]], which played five unofficial Tests against England that summer. Engineer also played for the [[Rest of the World cricket team in Australia in 1971–72]].<ref name="znet"/> He enjoyed life in [[Manchester]] and, having married a local lady, decided to settle there after his retirement from playing.<ref name="znet"/> Lancashire granted him a testimonial in 1976, his final season, which raised £26,519.<ref name="CAP"/>

He became a vice-president of the club in later years.<ref name="znet"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/cricket/report/eng-chat/20060510.htm |title=Dhoni reminds me of myself |work=Rediff on the Net |date=10 May 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://circleofcricket.com/category/Latest_news/8021/A-glimpse-of-Farokh-Engineers-journey-from-England-to-India |title=A glimpse of Farokh Engineer's journey from England to India |work=Circle Of Cricket |date=7 June 2017}}</ref> On 24 January 2024, at a Naman Awards ceremony, the BCCI announced that the Colonel [[C. K. Nayudu]] Lifetime Achievement Award was bestowed on both Engineer and Ravi Shastri.<ref>[https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2024/news/55556090/farokh-engineer-and-ravi-shastri-bestowed-with-col-c-k-nayudu-lifetime-achievement-awards-at-naman-awards?platform=domestic&type=men#:~:text=Nayudu%20Lifetime%20Achievement%20Awards%20at%20Naman%20Awards,-24th%20Jan%2C%202024&text=Former%20India%20wicket%2Dkeeper%20Mr,Naman%20Awards%20ceremony%20in%20Hyderabad. Lifetime Achievement Awards]. BCCI. Retrieved 30 January 2024.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhattacharyya |first=Gautam |date=2024-01-23 |title="Better late than never": Farokh Engineer on BCCI Lifetime Achievement award |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/cricket/better-late-than-never-farokh-engineer-on-bcci-lifetime-achievement-award |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=National Herald |language=en}}</ref> His contributions to Lancashire county club were recognised as a stand was inaugurated in his name during the fourth test match of the [[Anderson–Tendulkar Trophy]] between [[England cricket team|England]] and [[India national cricket team|India]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sen |first=Debasis |title="I see this as an honour for India more than just for myself": Farokh Engineer on having a stand named after him at Old Trafford |url=https://revsportz.in/i-see-this-as-an-honour-for-india-more-than-just-for-myself-farokh-engineer-on-having-a-stand-named-after-him-at-old-trafford/#:~:text=The%20Farokh%20Engineer%20stand.,PC%20%E2%80%93%20Revsportz.&text=Former%20India%20wicketkeeper%2Dbatter%2C%20Farokh,be%20honoured%20with%20a%20stand. |website=Revsportz |date=23 July 2025 }}</ref>

==In popular culture==
The [[Bollywood]] film ''[[83 (film)|83]]'', released in 2021, was about India's first [[Cricket World Cup]] in 1983. It depicts Engineer, resident in England at the time, as one of the TV commentators. The film features [[Boman Irani]] as Engineer and is directed and produced by [[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]] and [[Anurag Kashyap]] respectively.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/bollywood/boman-irani-joins-ranveer-singhs-83-clan-as-farokh-engineer |title=Boman Irani joins Ranveer Singh's '83' clan as Farokh Engineer1 |work=Free Press Journal |date=27 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/boman-irani-to-play-farokh-engineer-in-83-119082700361_1.html |title=Boman Irani to play Farokh Engineer in '83' |work=Business Standard India |date=27 August 2019}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{ESPNcricinfo|id=28624}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Sports}}
{{India Squad 1975 Cricket World Cup}}
{{World XI Tour of Australia 1971/72}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Engineer, Farokh}}
[[Category:1938 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:India Test cricketers]]
[[Category:India One Day International cricketers]]
[[Category:Mumbai cricketers]]
[[Category:West Zone cricketers]]
[[Category:Lancashire cricketers]]
[[Category:Indian expatriate cricketers in England]]
[[Category:Indian Universities cricketers]]
[[Category:Indian Starlets cricketers]]
[[Category:Indian cricket commentators]]
[[Category:Cricketers at the 1975 Cricket World Cup]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in sports]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Parsi people from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Parsi sportsmen]]
[[Category:Wicket-keepers]]
[[Category:Parsi cricketers]]

Abdul Mejid (explorer)

2025-11-20T13:50:05Z

SharePoint Press: added a entry.

'''Abdul Mejid''' ({{fl.|1860}}) was a [[Kabul]]i [[mullah]] and merchant who explored [[Central Asia]] (then frequently known as [[Tartary]]) on behalf of the [[British Empire]].

==Name==
Abdul Mejid's [[Abdul Majid|name]] has been various transcribed as Abdul Mejid,{{sfnp|Rawlinson|1866|p=140}}{{sfnp|Waller|1990|p=24}} '''Abdul Mejíd''',{{sfnp|Yule|1872|p=[https://archive.org/details/1872-journey-to-source-of-river-oxus-by-wood-and-yule-s/page/n43/mode/2up xlvi]}} '''Abdul Medjid''',{{sfnp|Rawlinson|1866|p=148}} '''Abdul-Medjid''',{{sfnp|Fedtschenko|1874|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=_rMBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA618 618–621]}} '''Abdoul Medjid''',{{sfnp|Reclus|1884|loc=[https://archive.org/details/earthitsinhabita06recl/page/166/mode/2up Fig. 85]}} and '''Abdool Mujeed'''.{{sfnp|James|1863|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=DYgIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PP3 1]}}

==Life==
[[File:TE&II Vol 06 Fig 085.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Abdul Mejid's route across the [[Hindu Kush]], [[Pamir Mountains|Pamir]], [[Transalai]], and [[Alai Mountains]] (dotted line), alongside those of other early explorers in the region.]]
Abdul Mejid was raised in [[Kabul]], [[Emirate of Afghanistan|Afghanistan]].{{sfnp|Waller|1990|p=24}} His father was an [[imam]]{{sfnp|James|1863|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=DYgIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PP3 1]}} and he himself became learned enough in [[Islam]] and [[Islamic law]] to be considered a [[mullah]].{{sfnp|Waller|1990|p=24}} After finding employment in the emirate's mint, he became a merchant and married the daughter of the still more prosperous [[Slavery in Central Asia|freedman]] Nazir Khairulla Khan.{{efn|Variously also written Nasir Khayr Ullah, Nasir Khan,{{sfnp|Wolff|1845|p=233}} Nazir Khyroola,{{sfnp|James|1863|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=DYgIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PP3 1]}} and Nazir Khairoullah.{{sfnp|''Indian Mail''|1854}}}}{{sfnp|James|1863|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=DYgIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PP3 1]}}{{sfnp|Wolff|1845|p=233}} Abdul Mejid travelled throughout [[Central Asia]],{{sfnp|Waller|1990|p=24}} then frequently known as [[Tartary]]. The area has extremely difficult terrain and was known at the time for its violent hostility to outsiders,{{sfnp|Waller|1990|p=85}} including [[British India|Britain]]'s disastrous [[1842 retreat from Kabul|retreat from Kabul]] during the [[First Anglo-Afghan War]] and the subsequent execution of the British agents [[Charles Stoddart]] and [[Arthur Conolly]] by the [[emir of Bokhara|emir]] of [[Emirate of Bokhara|Bukhara]] [[Nasrullah Khan (Bukhara)|Muhammad Nasrullah Bahadur]]. The [[Emirate of Afghanistan|Afghan]] [[emir of Afghanistan|emir]] [[Dost Mohammad Khan]] was also married to another of Nazir Khairulla Khan's daughters, and the two merchants found themselves on favorable terms with the British at [[Peshawar]] following the [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]].{{sfnp|James|1863|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=DYgIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PP4 2]}}

On 28 September 1860, Abdul Mejid was dispatched from [[Peshawar]] as a [[Pundit (explorer)|pundit]] by the [[Peshawar Division|division]] commissioner Hugh Rees James{{sfnp|James|1863|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=DYgIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PP3 1]}} (1823{{ndash}}1864) and the [[governor-general of India|governor-general]] of [[British India|India]], [[Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning|Earl Canning]].{{sfnp|Waller|1990|p=24}} Provided with an official letter and gifts including [[music boxes]], [[watches]], and [[rifles]], his mission was to journey to [[Kokand]], establish contact and confirm Britain's friendship with [[Khan of Kokand|its khan]] [[Muhammad Malla Beg Khan|Muhammad Malla Beg]], and assess the level of [[Russian Empire|Russian]] influence and presence in the [[Khanate of Kokand|khanate]].{{sfnp|Waller|1990|p=24}} Because of the hostility at the time between Muhammad Nasrullah Bahadur and both Muhammad Malla Beg and Dost Mohammad Khan, Abdul Mejid was precluded from following the easiest route through [[Bukhara]].{{sfnp|James|1863|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=DYgIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PP4 2]}} Instead, he travelled through Kabul (8 October),{{sfnp|James|1863|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=DYgIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA1 3]}} the [[Hindu Kush]] and [[Khan Abad|Khanabad]] (24 October),{{sfnp|James|1863|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=DYgIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA4 4]}} [[Fayzabad, Badakhshan|Fayzabad]] in the vassal emirate of [[Badakhshan]] (4 November), the [[Pamir Steppe]] (16 November),{{sfnp|James|1863|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=DYgIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA5 5]}} and the [[Taldyk Pass]] into [[Gulcha]] (5 December),{{sfnp|James|1863|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=DYgIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA8 8]}} reaching Kokand on 17 December.{{sfnp|James|1863|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=DYgIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA9 9]}} Muhammad Malla Beg being absent on a western raid of Oratepa (now [[Istaravshan]]), Abdul Mejid was entertained by local nobles until the khan's return on 7 January 1861.{{sfnp|James|1863|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=DYgIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA9 9]}} He had several audiences with the khan while compiling information for the British on local conditions.{{sfnp|James|1863|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=DYgIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA10 10{{ndash}}13]}}

Abdul Mejid left Kokand on 31 January 1861 but was detained until 10 March at nearby Yar Mazar (now [[Fergana]]) waiting for companions on his journey.{{sfnp|James|1863|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=DYgIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA13 13{{ndash}}14]}} One envoy was tasked to communicate with the British at Peshawar and another to travel to [[Constantinople]] (now [[Istanbul]]) to resume relations between Kokand and the [[Ottoman Empire]].{{sfnp|James|1863|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=DYgIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA15 15]}} Abdul Mejid then passed through the [[Tengizbay Pass]] and along the [[Vakhsh River]] towards [[Kulob]], whose lord Surrah Khan imprisoned the entire party at [[Khovaling]] on behalf of Bukhara. Reports of the disorder following Muhammad Nasrullah Bahadur's deposition, however, prompted the khan to release the party with gifts, entertainment, and well wishes.{{sfnp|James|1863|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=DYgIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA14 14]}} Crossing the [[Amu Darya]], Abdul Mejid reentered Badakhshan and returned to Khanabad.{{sfnp|James|1863|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=DYgIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA14 14{{ndash}}15]}} He reached Kabul on 6 June and Peshawar on the 26th, relating his journey to James, who praised his clarity, sobriety, bravery, and utility and recommended a substantial payment be arranged for his troubles.{{sfnp|James|1863|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=DYgIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA15 15]}}{{efn|James's report includes a detailed itinerary of the stops along Abdul Mejid's route with approximate distances between each.{{sfnp|James|1863|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=DYgIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA16 Appendices A & B]}} The Russian scholar [[Alexei Fedchenko]] subsequently matched James's sometimes irregular names{{mdash}}including the [[scribal error]] "Dysame Lake" for Abdul Mejid's intended "the same" in reference to two days' travel beside [[Karakul (Tajikistan)|Lake Kara Kul]]{{sfnp|Curzon|1896|p=48}}{{mdash}}to known locations in his essay on the Kokand Khanate.{{sfnp|Fedtschenko|1874|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=_rMBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA618 618–621]}} [[Henry Yule]] attempted the same with a few of the lakes in his discussion of the headwaters of the [[Amu Darya]] attached to the 2nd edition of [[John Wood (explorer)|John Wood]]'s ''Journey''{{sfnp|Yule|1872|pp=[https://archive.org/details/1872-journey-to-source-of-river-oxus-by-wood-and-yule-s/page/n83/mode/2up lxxxv–lxxxvi]}} but was misled by the egregiously inaccurate hydrography produced by Wood and by earlier Chinese reports.
{{sfnp|Curzon|1896|pp=48 & 74}}}}

==Legacy==
His trip was the first recorded journey through the Pamir from south to north,{{sfnp|Curzon|1896|p=74}} in honor of which the [[Royal Geographical Society of London|Royal Geographical Society]] provided him with a gold watch valued at [[British pound (currency)|£]]26 6[[British shilling|s.]] and a ceremony in London congratulating him {{lang|la|in absentia}} overseen by [[Percy Smythe, 8th Viscount Strangford|Lord Strangford]].{{sfnp|Waller|1990|p=24}} Although Abdul Mejid had not undertaken any observations of [[latitude]] or [[longitude]] nor undertaken any [[surveying]], his safe passage and detailed account of his route inspired [[Thomas George Montgomerie]] to expand the use of [[Indian people|native Indian]] pundits for the [[Great Trigonometrical Survey]] and for British exploration in [[Qing Tibet|Tibet]].{{sfnp|Waller|1990|p=24}} The pundit [[Hyder Shah]], "The [[Havildar]]", later reprised parts of Abdul Mejid's route while undertaking additional scientific observations.{{sfnp|Waller|1990|p=92}}

==Notes==
{{noteslist}}

==References==
===Citations===
{{reflist|30em}}
===Bibliography===
{{ref begin}}
* {{citation |contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=grcOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA314 |contribution=Summary and Review |title=Allen's Indian Mail and Register of Intelligence... |volume=XII |issue=246 |location=London |date=14 June 1854 |publisher=William H. Allen |ref={{harvid|''Indian Mail''|1854}} }}.
* {{citation |last=Curzon |first=George Nathaniel |author-link=George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston |url=https://pahar.in/pahar/Books%20and%20Articles/Central%20Asia/1896%20The%20Pamirs%20and%20the%20Source%20of%20the%20Oxus%20by%20Curzon%20s.pdf |title=The Pamirs and the Source of the Oxus |date=1896 |publisher=[[Royal Geographical Society of London|Royal Geographical Society]] |location=London }}.
* {{citation |last=Reclus |first=Élisée |author-link=Elisee Reclus |url=https://archive.org/details/earthitsinhabita06recl/page/n7/mode/2up |title=The Earth and Its Inhabitants, ''Vol. VI:'' Asia, ''Vol. I:'' Asiatic Russia |editor-last=Ravenstein |editor-first=Ernst Georg |editor-link=Ernst Georg Ravenstein |editor2=A. H. Keane |display-editors=1 |location=New York |publisher=D. Appleton & Co. |date=1884 }}
* {{citation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_rMBAAAAYAAJ |title=Bulletin de la Société de Géographie |lang=fr |trans-title=Bulletin of the Geography Society |series=6th ser. |volume=VII |date=June 1874 |location=Paris |publisher=Ch. Delagrave & Co. |last=Fedtschenko |first=Alexei Pavlovovitch |author-link=Alexei Fedchenko |contribution=Le Khanat de Khokand et les Contrées Environnantes |trans-contribution=The Khanate of Kokand and Surrounding Countries |editor-last=Guyard |editor-first=Stanislas |editor2-last=Yule |editor2-first=Henry |editor2-link=Henry Yule |display-editors=1 |issue=39 |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=_rMBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA609 609–626] |contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_rMBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA609 }}.
* {{citation |last=James |first=Hugh Rees |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DYgIAAAAQAAJ |title=Selections from the Records of the Government of India |volume=XXXIX |location=Calcutta |publisher=Foreign Department Press |date=1863 |contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DYgIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PP3 |contribution=Report on a Journey to Kokan }}, printing a letter dated 19 October 1861.
* {{citation |last=Rawlinson |first=Henry Creswicke |author-link=Sir Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baronet |url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/-Two_Memoirs_published_by_Veniukof_on_Pamir_Region_and_Bolor_Country_by_Rawlinson_from_PRGSv10_s.pdf_-Two_Memoirs_published_by_Veniukof_on_Pamir_Region_and_Bolor_Country_by_Rawlinson_from_PRGSv10_%28IA_dli.pahar.0614%29.pdf |date=26 March 1866 |pages=134–153 |contribution=Observations on Two Memoirs Recently Published by M. Veniuskof on the Pamir Region and the Bolor Country in Central Asia |title=Proceedings... |publisher=[[Royal Geographical Society of London|Royal Geographical Society]] |location=London }}.
* {{citation |last=Waller |first=Derek |title=The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia |date=1990 |series=''Asian History'', Vol. I |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |location=[[Lexington, Kentucky|Lexington]] |isbn=0-8131-9100-9 }}.
* {{citation |last=Wolff |first=Joseph |author-link=Joseph Wolff |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/05007325/ |title=Narrative of a Mission to Bokhara in the Years 1843{{ndash}}1845 to Ascertain the Fate of Colonel Stoddart and Captain Connolly |location=New York |publisher=Harper & Brothers |date=1845 }}.
* {{citation |last=Yule |first=Henry |author-link=Henry Yule |contribution-url=https://archive.org/details/1872-journey-to-source-of-river-oxus-by-wood-and-yule-s/page/n17/mode/2up |contribution=An Essay on the Geography and History of the Regions on the Upper Waters of the Oxus |pages=xxi--xc |date=1872 |url=https://archive.org/details/1872-journey-to-source-of-river-oxus-by-wood-and-yule-s/page/n1/mode/2up |title=A Journey to the Source of the River Oxus |edition=2nd |location=London |publisher=John Murray }}.
{{ref end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mejid, Abdul}}
[[Category:Explorers of Central Asia]]
[[Category:People from the Durrani Empire]]
[[Category:Afghan Muslims]]
[[Category:1860s in Afghanistan]]
[[Category:19th-century Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:19th-century Afghan people]]
[[Category:19th-century explorers]]

Jaynagar Majilpur Municipality

2025-11-16T22:57:19Z

SharePoint Press: New New Bio!

{{Short description|Municipal Corporation in West Bengal, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2011}}
{{Infobox legislature
| name = Jaynagar Majilpur Municipality
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| coa_pic = Jaynagar Majilpur Municipality (emblem).jpg
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| coa_alt = Logo of the Jaynagar Majilpur Municipality
| coa_caption = [[Seal (emblem)|Seal]] of the Jaynagar Majilpur Municipality
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| house_type = [[Municipal corporation (India)|Municipality]]
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| foundation = {{start date and age|1869|04|01|df=yes}}
| disbanded =
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| leader1_type = Chairman
| leader1 = Sukumar Halder
| party1 = [[Trinamool Congress|AITC]]
| election1 = 2022
| leader2_type = Vice Chairman
| leader2 = Rathin Kumar Mondal
| party2 = [[Trinamool Congress|AITC]]
| election2 = 2022
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| seats = 14
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'''Government (12)'''
*{{colorbox|#20C646}} [[Trinamool Congress|AITC]] (12)
'''Opposition (1)'''
*{{colorbox|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1)
'''Other (1)'''
*{{colorbox|#B2B2B2}} [[Independent politician|IND]] (1)
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| last_election1 = 2022
| next_election1 = 2027
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| session_room = Jaynagar Majilpur Municipality.jpg
| session_res = 300px
| session_alt =
| meeting_place = [[Headquarters]] of the Jaynagar Majilpur Municipality
| website = {{URL|joynagarmozilpurmunicipality.com/}}
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}}

'''Jaynagar Majilpur Municipality''' (abbreviated as '''JMM''') is an urban local body of the [[South 24 Parganas]] district in the [[India]]n [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is responsible for the civic infrastructure and administration of the city of [[Jaynagar Majilpur]]. This civic administrative body administers an area of {{cvt|5.85|km2}}. It is divided into 14 administrative wards.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.westbengalvaluationboard.gov.in/home/municipality_corporation_details/UC9vR2ZjbFZoQzh3QWNDZkp3eFFFbFdQa0NLWlBneUVoUEd5UTVpWmJVNm1BRHJSLzlGc2ZuaS91d1pEZzRpUVVVNUM2cTE1cldrSjlnVG41a1RIR3c9PQ== | title = Jaynagar Majilpur Municipality | work = West Bengal Valuation Board | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 18 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://wbdma.gov.in/HTM/DIS/MUNI_ULB_Joynagar-Mozilpur.htm|title=Jaynagar Majilpur Municipality|work=Department of Urban Development and Municipal Affairs|publisher=Government of West Bengal|accessdate=18 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421011803/http://wbdma.gov.in/HTM/DIS/MUNI_ULB_Joynagar-Mozilpur.htm|archive-date=21 April 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wbdma.gov.in/HTM/index.html|title=West Bengal Urban Development and Municipal Affairs Department|work=Department of Urban Development and Municipal Affairs|publisher=Government of West Bengal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929002231/http://www.wbdma.gov.in/HTM/index.html|accessdate=21 May 2015|archive-date=29 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cmdaonline.com/profile.html|title=Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority|work=KMDA|publisher=Government of West Bengal|accessdate=1 September 2007|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928000038/http://www.cmdaonline.com/profile.html|archivedate=28 September 2007}}</ref>

==Geography==
Jaynagar Majilpur Municipality is on the [[State Highway 1 (West Bengal)|State Highway 1]]. It is located at {{coord|22.1749766|N|88.4200881|E|format=dms}} and has an average elevation of {{convert|8|m}}.<ref name="google">Google maps</ref>

==History==
As per the ''Town Development Act 1850'', Jaynagar Town Committee was established. It was responsible for the statutory planning and development of greater Jaynagar. According to the ''Bengal Municipal Improvement Act 1864'', the town committee was awarded to municipality status and the name was finally set to Jaynagar Majilpur Municipality on 1 April 1869. It is one of the oldest municipalities in India. Harananda Vidyasagar, the father of the famous philosopher [[Sivanath Sastri]], was the first chairman of this municipality.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/24-parganas/jaynagar-majilpur-municipality-celebrates-its-150-years-1.974243|title=Jaynagar Majilpur Municipality Celebrates Its 150 Years|work=Jaynagar Majilpur Municipality|publisher=Anandabazar Patrika|accessdate=2 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sudawb.org/wbdma_oldversion/HTM/MUNI_MED_DEPT.htm|title=West Bengal Municipal Affairs and Urban Development Department|work=Department of Urban Development and Municipal Affairs|publisher=Government of West Bengal|accessdate=21 April 2017}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! style="background-color:#cccccc;" |Chairman
! style="background-color:#cccccc;" |Vice Chairman
|-
|
* Harananda Vidyasagar (1869–1882)
* Haridas Dutta (1882–1886)
* Ananda Chandra Ghosh (1886–1900)
* Jogindra Nath Mitra (1900–1902)
* Biraj Krishna Dutta (1902–1903)
* Binoy Krishna Dutta (1903–1904)
* Bipin Bihari Dey (1904–1916)
* Khetra Nath Mitra (1916–1919)
* Nakuleshwar Basu (1919–1924)
* Surendra Nath Mitra (1924–1929)
* Bhutnath Chakraborty (1929–1935)
* Rampada Chatterjee (1935–1936)
* Paramananda Dutta (1936–1939)
* Sudhir Krishna Dutta (1939–1958)
* Birendra Nath Bhattacharya (1958–1959)
* Hirendra Nath Mitra (1959–1964)
* Sudhir Krishna Dutta (1964–1966)
* Prasun Kumar Ghosh (1966–1968)
* Monoranjan Dutta (1968–1981)
* Prashanta Sarkhel (1981–2002)
* Jalal Uddin Khan (2002–2005)
* Prashanta Sarkhel (2005–2010)
* Farida Begum Shaikh (2010–2015)
* Sujit Sarkhel (2015–2022)
* Sukumar Halder (2022–Present)
|
* Shibaprasanna Chatterjee (1887–1888)
* Kalinath Dutta (1888–1898)
* Binoy Krishna Dutta (1898–1900)
* Shibaprasanna Chatterjee (1900–1904)
* Ramdas Banerjee (1904–1906)
* Binoy Krishna Dutta (1906–1908)
* Khetra Nath Mitra (1908–1915)
* Priyanath Mitra (1915–1917)
* Sahayaram Ghosh (1917–1919)
* Ramtaran Chatterjee (1919–1924)
* Moulabi Anayat Rashul (1924–1929)
* Binoy Krishna Bhattacharya (1929–1935)
* Debprasad Dutta (1935–1936)
* Sushil Gopal Dutta (1936–1939)
* Fani Bhusan Dey (1939–1942)
* Jnanendra Nath Mitra (1942–1944)
* Manindra Nath Basu (1944–1949)
* Prafulla Kumar Mitra (1949–1953)
* Manindra Nath Basu (1953–1956)
* Hirendra Nath Mitra (1956–1968)
* Kanailal Pal (1968–1981)
* Asit Brahmachari (1981–1986)
* Ismail Khan (1986–1990)
* Sukumar Mitra (1990–1995)
* Nanigopal Mondal (1995–2000)
* Jalal Uddin Khan (2000–2002)
* Bholanath Sinha (2002–2005)
* Mihir Ganguly (2005–2010)
* Prabir Baidya (2010–2015)
* Tushar Kanti Roy (2015–2022)
* Rathin Kumar Mondal (2022–Present)
|}

==Structure==
The municipality refers to the Board of Councillors, with one Councillor being elected from each of the 14 administrative wards of [[Jaynagar Majilpur]] city. The Board of Councillors elects a chairman from among its elected members.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wb.gov.in/departments-details.aspx?id=D171020190026414&page=Urban-Development-and-Municipal-Affairs|title=Department of Municipal Affairs and Urban Development|work=West Bengal Urban Development and Municipal Affairs Department|publisher= Government of West Bengal|accessdate=18 May 2015}}</ref>

According to the ''West Bengal Municipal Act 1993'', Jaynagar Majilpur Municipality is run by the Chairman-in-Council system of governance and consists of the chairman, Vice Chairman and chief executive officer. The Chairman is the executive head of the municipality and the municipal administration is under his control. The Chairman nominates the Chairman-in-Council and distributes the various functions of the municipality. The Chairman presides over the meetings of the Chairman-in-Council as well as the Board of Councillors and in his absence the Vice Chairman chairs the meetings. The administrative functions of the municipalities are dealt through the committees and are headed by the Chairman-in-Council.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wburbanservices.gov.in|title=Department of Urban Development and Municipal Affairs|work=West Bengal Urban Development and Municipal Affairs Department|publisher=Government of West Bengal|accessdate=18 May 2015}}</ref>

==Election==
According to the 2022 municipal election, Jaynagar Majilpur Municipality is currently under the control of the [[All India Trinamool Congress]]. In that municipal election, the [[All India Trinamool Congress]] won in 12 wards out of the total 14 wards of Jaynagar Majilpur Municipality. Besides, [[Indian National Congress]] and [[Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)]] won in the other 2 wards.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wbsec.gov.in/results/municipal_election_detailed_result/ZmxCQlY2RFNwcWExN29GOURXK1NRNzdNdURZUk5ZbnpkTmNZMzF4WHZwNklid0haVFkrZEorSlVLeGxFZFlqM1JTZGpCRDdFUitJL2RvTkJRSncrdHFOSE92Y2tmWllWRUx0NE5lejg1MUZVUWpUdnRZOHJ2b2JhQjl1WWRuMVE1RTJlTGJ6dTl4QWk5UE1ubDA3Zmk1MVJIL29PUnd6Ny9DeWE5R0VjWjZ0UnlHcFJBRnQzSFl2VlRGTUxlZGdtY2ExbVlKNmc2Z0hOSnAxMWEyVFZpOE9zcVFrd3FmWVRmZTZpbTVSYnpPRGwvSU04SzYzYnhuSVJXeW9iSVlFNHVqYVdLRWk2Qk1kSm1ueGdnS1J6RDU0dHFWeHdKK3M1cytzQzVpd0tsNEcwanNkdHJYS2Y3M0FTanRqcTk1ang5SkxHa2l5NHUwTkpQMHlTTE1HNmVidURrSUQyeFV2TjhISkpkdz09|title=Municipal General Election Results|work=Results of Municipal General Elections 2015|publisher=West Bengal State Election Commission|accessdate=4 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wbsec.gov.in/results/municipal_election_detailed_result/Z0daOWZaTUVnRHh6WmhHN0pZYy9qSTVoRXptNVhyWS9GTlRxNFJ3ZGY1WUNzcFVaU1MyOVRCR0VORUtCTlIwZEptdlJBWW5QalZSTGFQNk4zbXZaaTlxQVRTWTFJdUJhK2Y3UlZWN0Q0anRFTHZ6N1Q4UFUzVE1uVS9leVh6UEthZzduZm9CVXhwaW1nTVNJZjVlUzlwWjNOaVg5YjZNVVVVTzVPWDV2RElSMlhUZUJwN29hZWxLQldXWFJZaS9lQXdVdEJHR1REYzZjUkhEeGg3Z2hUWmVMRGJQR3Z3cUwvSEd2cjlITFIzemtxL3cvM3pwUTcwdTdWMTVDaTZxUlBaZXVqZnpzSWYwYlRoVkNjbUo1V1F2Ty8rUmRtcGN2QnkrMjVKSTMzZW1EYjZ2M1JwQ2tVRW9CdWZaMFlsSTN3ZzVvOFN4Q1pBZVdWVUdjOWFLdndrcldQRDlvM2ZlcXRXeHMwZz09|title=Municipal General Election Results|work=Results of Municipal General Elections 2010|publisher=West Bengal State Election Commission|accessdate=11 July 2010}}</ref>

{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}; width:85.72%;" | '''12'''
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; width:7.14%;" | '''1'''
| style="background:{{party color|Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)}}; width:7.14%;"| '''1'''
|-
| '''AITC'''
| '''INC'''
| '''SUCI(C)'''
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Ward Number
!Councillor
!Political Party
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|
|1
|Farida Begum Shaikh
|[[All India Trinamool Congress]]
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|
|2
|Rakhi Bhattacharya
|[[All India Trinamool Congress]]
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|
|3
|Rathin Kumar Mondal
|[[All India Trinamool Congress]]
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|
|4
|Indira Das
|[[All India Trinamool Congress]]
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|
|5
|Prabir Kumar Roy
|[[All India Trinamool Congress]]
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|
|6
|Abul Kahar Molla
|[[All India Trinamool Congress]]
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|
|7
|Chinmay De
|[[All India Trinamool Congress]]
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|8
|Modhumita Pal
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|
|9
|Labanya Prava Halder
|[[All India Trinamool Congress]]
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|
|10
|Sukumar Halder
|[[All India Trinamool Congress]]
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|
|11
|Naba Gopal Ganguly
|[[All India Trinamool Congress]]
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|
|12
|Bijali Mondal
|[[All India Trinamool Congress]]
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|
|13
|Prashanta Bhandari
|[[All India Trinamool Congress]]
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)}}"|
|14
|Panchu Gopal Mistri
|[[Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)]]
|-
|}

==Department==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Sl. No.
!Department
|-
|1
|Advertisement
|-
|2
|Amusement
|-
|3
|Assessment & Collection
|-
|4
|Building
|-
|5
|Bustee Services
|-
|6
|Car Parking
|-
|7
|Central Records
|-
|8
|Ch. VS Department
|-
|9
|Education
|-
|10
|Election Office
|-
|11
|Electricity
|-
|12
|Engineering (Civil)
|-
|13
|Estate
|-
|14
|Finance & Accounts
|-
|15
|Health
|-
|16
|Info. & Public Relations
|-
|17
|Information Technology
|-
|18
|Institute of Urban Management
|-
|19
|Internal Audit
|-
|20
|Law
|-
|21
|License
|-
|22
|Lighting
|-
|23
|Market
|-
|24
|Municipal Secretary's Department
|-
|25
|Municipal Service Commission
|-
|26
|Parks & Squares
|-
|27
|Personnel
|-
|28
|Planning & Development
|-
|29
|Printing
|-
|30
|Environment & Heritage Department
|-
|31
|Roads & Asphaltum
|-
|32
|Sewerage & Drainage
|-
|33
|Social Welfare & Urban Poverty Alleviation Department
|-
|34
|Solid Waste Management
|-
|35
|Supply
|-
|36
|City Planning Department
|-
|37
|Treasury Department
|-
|38
|Vigilance
|-
|39
|Water Supply
|}

==Service==
The Jaynagar Majilpur Municipality is responsible for administering and providing basic infrastructure to the city.
* Water purification and supply
* Sewage treatment and disposal
* [[Garbage disposal]] and street cleanliness
* Food Inspection: Through JMM Food Inspectors
* [[Solid waste management]]
* Building and maintenance of roads, streets and flyovers
* [[Street lighting]]
* Maintenance of [[parks]] and open spaces
* [[Cemeteries]] and Crematoriums
* Registering of births and deaths
* Conservation of heritage sites
* Disease control, including [[immunisation]]
* Public municipal schools etc.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Commons-inline}}

{{South 24 Parganas}}
{{South 24 Parganas topics}}

[[Category:Municipalities of West Bengal]]
[[Category:1869 establishments in British India]]
[[Category:Government of Jaynagar Majilpur]]

Irshad Rasool Kar

2025-11-09T17:01:02Z

SharePoint Press: New A Info!

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Sopore Assembly constituency|Sopore]]
| term_start = 8 October 2024
| term_end =
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = Abdul Rashid Dar
| party = [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]]
}}
'''Irshad Rasool Kar''' is an Indian politician from Jammu and Kashmir. He is a member of the [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]] from [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]], representing [[Sopore Assembly constituency]] as a member of the [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]] party.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Sopore, J&K Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: JKNC's Irshad Rasool Kar wins Sopore with 26975 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/sopore-jammu-and-kashmir-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-aelb-2612873-2024-10-08 |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Sopore Election Result 2024 LIVE Update: Assembly Winner, Leading, MLA, Margin, Candidates |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/sopore-election-result-2024-live-update-9077392.html |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="At Least 13 New MLAs In Jammu And Kashmir Are From Political Families">{{cite news |last1=NDTV |date=13 October 2024 |title=At Least 13 New MLAs In Jammu And Kashmir Are From Political Families |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/at-least-13-new-mlas-in-jammu-and-kashmir-are-from-political-families-6779727 |accessdate=13 October 2024}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kar, Irshad Rasool}}
[[Category:Jammu & Kashmir National Conference politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:People from Baramulla district]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Independent politicians from Jammu and Kashmir]]

{{JammuKashmir-politician-stub}}

Siege of Ahmednagar (1543)

2025-09-21T11:35:31Z

SharePoint Press: new.

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}

{{Short description|Vijaynagara invasion of Ahmednagar Sultanate (1543)}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Siege of Ahmednagar
| partof = Deccani–Vijayanagar wars
| image =
| image_size =
| date = 1543
| place = [[Ahmednagar]], [[India]]
| result = [[Vijayanagar]] victory 

| territory =
| combatant1 =[[Vijayanagar Empire]]
| combatant2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate.svg}} [[Ahmednagar Sultanate]]
| commander1 = [[Rama Raya]] [[Tirumala Deva Raya]] [[Siege of Adavani|Venkatadri]] [[Hande Hanumappa Nayaka]]
| commander2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate.svg}} [[Burhan Nizam Shah I]]
| strength1 =
| strength2 =
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| caption =
}}

The '''siege of Ahmadnagar''' was a conflict between the [[Vijayanagara Empire]] led by [[Rama Raya]] and the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]] commanded by [[Burhan Nizam Shah I]]. After suffering a defeat in the Battle of Kalyani Burhan Nizam Shah retreated to his capital only to be pursued by the Vijayanagara forces. [[Rama Raya]]'s army laid siege to [[Ahmednagar]] overpowering its defenses and capturing the city. Following their victory, the Vijayanagara forces razed the city's fortifications.<ref name="gps"/><ref name="tps"/><ref name="hps"/>

==Background==
[[Burhan Nizam Shah I]] of Ahmadnagar and [[Ibrahim Adil Shah I]] of Bijapur formed an alliance to invade [[Bidar]] and [[Vijayanagara]] simultaneously, but the Vijayanagara forces, led by Sada Siva Nayaka, successfully repelled the Bijapuri assault.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Further sources of Vijaynagar History-1 by N. Venkataramanayya |url=https://archive.org/details/vijaynagar-history-n.-venkataramanayya/page/252/mode/1up?view=theater |title=Further sources of Vijaynagar History-1 ( N. Venkataramanayya)|page=253}}</ref> Recognizing that [[Ahmednagar]] was the main instigator of these attacks, [[Rama Raya]] mobilized his army for retaliation. To advance toward Ahmadnagar. he devised a strategy to cross the territories of [[Bidar]] and [[Golconda]] dividing his forces into three sections.<ref name="gps">{{Cite book |last=Henry Heras |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.282973/page/n120/mode/1up?view=theater |title=The Aravidu Dynasty Of Vijayanagara |date=1927|pages=75–77}}</ref><ref name="tps">{{Cite book |last=Heras |first=H. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.189282/page/n126/mode/1up?view=theater |title=South India Under The Vijayanagar Empire Vol. 1 |date=1927|pages=75–77}}</ref> [[Tirumala Deva Raya]] attacked Bidar, [[Rama Raya]] marched against Golconda and Hande Hanumappa Nayaka advanced towards Ahmadnagar. In response, the three Sultans of [[Ahmadnagar]], [[Bidar]], and [[Golconda]] formed an alliance and confronted the combined [[Vijayanagara]] forces near [[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]]. In the ensuing battle, the Vijayanagara army achieved a victory, forcing the Sultans to flee. Pursuing [[Burhan Nizam Shah I]] Rama Raya's forces laid siege to [[Ahmadnagar]].<ref name="gps"/><ref name="tps"/>

==Battle==
Following their defeat, the city of [[Ahmadnagar]] was unable to withstand the siege of [[Rama Raya]]'s victorious army. Seizing the opportunity, Rama Raya captured the capital of the Nizam Sultans, razed it to the ground, and symbolically sowed castor seeds on its ruins a detail preserved in the Ramarajiyamu. For this feat, the poem bestows upon Rama Raya the title "Destroyer of the Fortifications of Ahmadnagar." With [[Burhan Nizam Shah I ]] now a prisoner, Rama Raya achieved his primary objective forcing the Sultan to terminate his alliance with [[Ibrahim Adil Shah I]] of Bijapur. Satisfied with this outcome, Rama Raya set Burhan Nizam Shah at liberty, having secured a significant political and military victory for [[Vijayanagara]].<ref name="gps"/><ref name="tps"/><ref name="hps">{{Cite book |last=Subrahmanyam |first=T. G. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.75359/page/n95/mode/1up?view=theater |title=Famous battles in Indian history |date=1969|page=96}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Ahmednagar Sultanate]]
* [[Golconda Sultanate]]
* [[Vijaynagar Empire]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Battles involving the Vijayanagara Empire]]
[[Category:Battles involving India]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Indian kingdoms]]

Chhibramau Assembly constituency

2025-08-08T04:55:11Z

SharePoint Press: Adding First Stub V1

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Chhibramau
| map_image = 196-Chhibramau.svg
| mla = [[Archana Pandey]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janta Party]]
| latest_election_year = 2017
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Kannauj district|Kannauj]]
| reservation = None
| type = SLA
| electors = 4,63,433
| constituency_no = 196
}}
'''Chhibramau''' is a constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] covering the city of Chhibramau in the [[Kannauj district]] of Uttar Pradesh, India.<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>

Chhibramau is one of five assembly constituencies in the [[Kannauj Lok Sabha constituency]]. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 196 amongst 403 constituencies.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member<ref name="election2018">{{Cite web |title=Chhibramau Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/chhibramau.html |access-date=2024-09-02 |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1957 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| rowspan="2" |Kotwal Singh Bhadauria
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Praja Socialist Party}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Praja Socialist Party]]
|-
|[[1962 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
|[[1967 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|Ram Prakash Tripathi
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]
|-
|[[1969 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|Jagdishwar Dayal
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1974 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
|Ram Prakash Tripathi
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]
|-
|[[1977 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Banshgopal Chaubey
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1980 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|Radhey Shyam Verma
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party (Secular)}}" |
|[[Janata Party (Secular)]]
|-
|[[1985 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|Santosh Chaturvedi
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1989 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| rowspan="2" |Kaptan Singh
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal}}" |
|[[Janata Dal]]
|-
|[[1991 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|Ram Prakash Tripathi
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|Chhote Singh Yadav
| style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|-
|[[2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
|Ram Prakash Tripathi
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Arvind Singh Yadav]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Samajwadi Party]]
|-
|[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|-
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Archana Pandey]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|}

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chhibramau<ref name="election2022">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2022 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=4 March 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Archana Pandey]]
|votes = {{formatnum:124773}}
|percentage = 44.31
|change = {{increase}}2.56
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Arvind Yadav
|votes = {{formatnum:123662}}
|percentage = 43.91
|change = {{increase}}16.87
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Waheeda Bano (Juhi Sultan)
|votes = {{formatnum:22000}}
|percentage = 7.81
|change = {{decrease}}20.09
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jan Adhikar Party
|candidate = Mohd Chandan
|votes = {{formatnum:4574}}
|percentage = 1.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1775}}
|percentage = 0.63
|change = {{decrease}}0.07
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:1111}}
|percentage = 0.4
|change = {{decrease}}13.45
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:281597}}
|percentage = 60.76
|change = {{decrease}}2.9
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
[[Bharatiya Janta Party]] candidate Archana Pandey won in [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Elections]] defeating [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] candidate '''Tahir Hussain Siddiqui''' by a margin of 37,224 votes.<ref name="election2017">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2017 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref><ref name="election2022" />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chhibramau<ref name="election2017"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = Archana Pandey
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:112209}}
|percentage = 41.75
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Tahir Hussain Siddiqui
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:74985}}
|percentage = 27.9
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Arvind Singh
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = {{formatnum:72663}}
|percentage = 27.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1861}}
|percentage = 0.7
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:37224}}
|percentage = 13.85
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:268754}}
|percentage = 63.66
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{coord|27.15|79.50|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Kannauj district]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttar Pradesh]]

M. B. Patil

2025-06-22T06:36:52Z

SharePoint Press: adjusted lead further and improved wording

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = M. B. Patil
| image = File:The Irrigation Minister of Karnataka, Shri M.B. Patil.jpg
|caption = M. B. Patil in 2015
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1964|10|7|df=y}}
|birth_place =[[Vijayapura, Karnataka|Vijayapura]], [[Mysore State]], [[India]]
| office = Cabinet Minister, [[Government of Karnataka]]
| predecessor =
| successor =
| governor = [[Thawarchand Gehlot]]
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[Siddaramaiah]]
| subterm = '''Cabinet'''
| suboffice = [[Second Siddaramaiah ministry]]
| 2blankname = Ministry and Departments
| 2namedata = * '''Large & Medium Industries'''
* '''Infrastructure Development'''
| term_start = 20 May 2023<ref>{{Cite web|title=Meet five-time MLA and new Karnataka Cabinet Minister MB Patil|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/politics/meet-five-time-mla-and-new-karnataka-minister-mb-patil-16716521.htm/amp}}</ref>
| successor1 = [[Basavaraj Bommai]]
| predecessor1 = [[G. Parameshwara]]
| governor1 = [[Vajubhai Vala]]
| 1blankname1 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata1 = [[H. D. Kumaraswamy]]
| subterm1 = '''Cabinet'''
| suboffice1 = [[Second Kumaraswamy ministry]]
| 2blankname1 = Ministry and Departments
| 2namedata1 = '''Home (excluding Intelligence)'''
| term_start1 = 28 December 2018
|term_end1 = 23 July 2019
| predecessor2 = [[Basavaraj Bommai]]
| successor2 = [[D. K. Shivakumar]]
| governor2 = [[Vajubhai Vala]]
| 1blankname2 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata2 = [[Siddaramaiah]]
| subterm2 = '''Cabinet'''
| suboffice2 = [[First Siddaramaiah ministry]]
| 2blankname2 = Ministry and Departments
| 2namedata2 = '''Water Resources'''
| term_start2 = 20 May 2013
| term_end2 = 17 May 2018
| office3 = Member of [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start3 = 2008
| constituency3 = [[Babaleshwar Assembly constituency|Babaleshwar]]
| term_start4 = 2004
| term_end4 = 2008
| constituency4 = [[Tikota Assembly constituency|Tikota]]
| term_start5 = 1991
| term_end5 = 1994
| constituency5 = [[Tikota Assembly constituency|Tikota]]
|office6 = [[Member of parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]
| constituency6 = [[Bijapur Lok Sabha constituency|Bijapur]]
|predecessor6 = Basanagouda Rudragouda Patil
|successor6 = [[Basangouda Patil Yatnal]]
|term_start6 = 10 March 1998
|term_end6 = 3 October 1999
|party = [[Indian National Congress]]
|spouse = Asha Patil
|residence = [[Vijayapura|Bijapur]]
}}
'''Mallanagouda Basanagouda Patil''' (born 7 October 1964) is an Indian politician from [[Karnataka]] and a member of [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] representing [[Babaleshwar Assembly constituency|Babaleshwar]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://myneta.info/Karnataka2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=7104 | title=M B Patil |work=myneta.info |access-date=13 Sep 2023}}</ref> He is currently serving as Cabinet Minister for Large & Medium Industries and Infrastructure Development in [[Government of Karnataka]], He is also working president of [[Jagatika Lingayata Mahasabha]].<ref>{{Cite web |first= |title=Jagatika Lingayata Mahasabha |url=https://jlms.in/committee-members |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=jlms.in}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
He is the elder son of Shri B.M.Patil, a politician and an educationist. He has completed graduation in Bachelor of Engineering, Civil Engineering at the BLDEA's Vachana Pitamaha P G Halakatti College of Engineering.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.oneindia.com/politicians/m-b-patil-72052.html | title=M B Patil |work=oneindia.com |access-date=13 Sep 2023}}</ref>

==Career==

===Social work===
M.B. Patil has been involved in various social works including the distribution of school bags & books to the needy students, helping government schools in establishing smart classrooms, organizing plantation drives across Vijayapura district etc., through M B Patil foundation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bldea.org/|title=BLDE Association - Home - BLDEA and its institutes|website=BLDE Association}}</ref>

==Political career==
He is the President of BLDE Association. He belongs to the Lingayat community.<ref>{{cite news |title=M B Patil in fault line of Lingayat faith tag |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/close-fight-faith-tag-fault-line-bableshwar-669168.html |accessdate=9 August 2019 |work=Deccan Herald |date=8 May 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

Patil started his political career in 1991. He was allotted the Irrigation Ministry in [[Siddaramaiah]]’s cabinet in 2013. His work as the Irrigation Minister of Karnataka gave a new lease of life to various stalled irrigation projects across Karnataka.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} He is a former [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|member of Lok Sabha]]<ref>{{cite news |title='Krishna's yatra received good response' |url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/04/06/stories/2004040607060300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040711085915/http://www.hindu.com/2004/04/06/stories/2004040607060300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 July 2004 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=6 April 2004 |accessdate=31 May 2011 }}</ref> and is being elected for the fifth time as a Member of the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]].

Earlier, he was the Karnataka state Minister for [[Water Resources]] in the [[First Siddaramaiah ministry|first Siddaramaiah cabinet]].<ref>{{cite news |title= As ministers step in, Soudha springs back to life |url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/As-ministers-step-in-Soudha-springs-back-to-life/articleshow/20161340.cms |work= The Times of India |date= 2013-05-21 |accessdate= 2013-05-21}}</ref>

He was allotted Home Ministry in December 2018 in [[H D Kumaraswamy]]’s cabinet.<ref name="Kumaraswamy inducts 8 Ministers; 7 of them are from north Karnataka">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Kumaraswamy inducts 8 Ministers; 7 of them are from north Karnataka |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/kumaraswamy-inducts-8-ministers-7-of-them-are-from-north-karnataka/article25810045.ece |access-date=17 January 2025 |publisher=The Hindu |date=22 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250117165619/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/kumaraswamy-inducts-8-ministers-7-of-them-are-from-north-karnataka/article25810045.ece |archive-date=17 January 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref> Having been seen as a clean-handed politician and also given that he hails from the politically-influential [[Lingayat]] community, he is considered to be a chief contender for being the position of [[Chief Minister]] of Karnataka in the future.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/031117/i-want-to-become-chief-minister-one-day-mb-patil.html|title=I want to become Chief Minister one day: MB Patil|website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://myneta.info/karnataka2013/candidate.php?candidate_id=7 M. B. Patil at Myneta]
* https://nocorruption.in/politician/m-b-patil/
* http://myneta.info/karnataka2013/candidate.php?candidate_id=7

{{DEFAULTSORT:Patil, M. B.}}
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Karnataka]]
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2008–2013]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2013–2018]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2018–2023]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:People from Bijapur district, Karnataka]]
[[Category:Lingayatism]]
[[Category:India MPs 1998–1999]]

Kasu

2025-05-11T02:00:53Z

SharePoint Press:

{{Wiktionary|Kasu}}
'''Kasu''' may refer to:
* [[Kasu Brahmananda Reddy]], former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh
** [[Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park]], national park in Hyderabad
* [[Kasu Krishna Reddy]], minister in Andhra Pradesh
* [[Tonderai Kasu]], Zimbabwean politician
* [[KASU]], public radio station owned by Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas
* [[Kaduna State University]] in Nigeria

==See also==
*{{intitle|Kasu}}
*[[Cash (currency)]] or kasu, an obsolete Indian currency

{{Disambiguation}}
[[Category:Telugu-language surnames]]

Kruttika Ravindra

2025-04-26T22:12:39Z

SharePoint Press: New Data!

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kruttikaa
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_name = Kruttika R
| birth_place = [[Sagara, Karnataka]]
| years active = 2008–present
| website = https://kruttikaravindra.com/
| occupation = ([[Kannada cinema]]) [[actress]]
}}

'''Kruttikaa''', is a Kannada television and [[Kannada cinema]] actress who is best known for her acting in "Radha Kalyana" TV show which was telecast on Zee Kannada. She also appeared in the Kannada TV reality show ''[[Bigg Boss Kannada 3]]'', and aired on Colors Kannada Channel from 25 October 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-12-23|title=9 Things You Must Know About Bigg Boss Kannada Contestant Kruttika Ravindra|url=https://www.desimartini.com/news/martini-shots/archive/facts-bigg-boss-kannada-season-3-contestant-kruttika-ravindra-article28271.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725132909/https://www.desimartini.com/news/martini-shots/archive/facts-bigg-boss-kannada-season-3-contestant-kruttika-ravindra-article28271.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 July 2021|access-date=2021-07-25|website=Desimartini|language=en}}</ref> She entered in the house on the first day of the show and was in the Bigg Boss house for 63 day.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=August 15, 2018|title=Kruttika has taken 3 bold steps into Sandalwood|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/kruttika-has-taken-3-bold-steps-into-sandalwood/articleshow/65406278.cms|access-date=2021-07-25|website=Bangalore Mirror|language=en}}</ref>

==Early life==
Kruttika was born to [[Havyaka Brahmin]] Parents in Sagar Taluk in [[Karnataka]]. Her father is late Dr. Ravindra and Mother Smt. Meenakruti Meena, a school teacher. Kruttika completed her education at Sadhana Vidya Kendra, Anandapuram in [[Sagara, Karnataka|Sagara]].

==Career==
She made her debut on silver screen with the Kannada film ‘[[Patre Loves Padma]]’. She came into prominence with the lead role in daily soap opera ‘Radha Kalyana’ which aired on Zee Kannada.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-09|title=Chandan Kumar completes a decade in the Kannada entertainment industry: A look at his journey|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/chandan-kumar-completes-a-decade-in-the-kannada-entertainment-industry-a-look-at-his-journey/photostory/79128021.cms|access-date=2021-07-25|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> She has acted in Kengulabi In this emotional role<ref>https://www.indiaglitz.com/kengulabi-complete-bhandage-confident-kannada-news-183355 Kannada Movie</ref> and is also acting in Yarige Yaruntu<ref name=":0" />

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Patre Loves Padma]]'' || Padma ||
|-
| 2009 || ''Auto'' || ||
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Lift Kodla]]'' || ||
|-
| 2018 || ''Kengulabi'' || Shari ||
|-
| 2018 || ''Yaarige Yaaruntu'' || Priya ||
|-
|2021
|''Maricha''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nataraj turns undercover cop in a Sudheer Shanbhogue directorial - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/nataraj-turns-undercover-cop-in-a-sudheer-shanbhogue-directorial/articleshow/79943539.cms|access-date=2021-07-25|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|Prathima
|
|-
|2021
|''Shardula''
|Deeksha
|
|-
|}

==Television==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align: margin;"
|-
! Year !! Serial!! Role !! Channel
|-
| 2010 || ''Mane Magalu'' || Inchara || [[Udaya TV]]
|-
| 2011 - 2015 || ''[[Radha Kalyana]]'' || Radha || [[Zee Kannada]]
|-
| 2023 - Present || ''Bhoomige Banda Bhagavanta'' || Girija || [[Zee Kannada]]
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|nm9648318}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ravindra, Kruttika}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Kannada actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]

Balanum Ramayum

2025-03-04T18:27:33Z

SharePoint Press:

{{short description|Indian Malayalam language television series}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| genre = [[Drama]]
| screenplay = Dinesh Pallath
| creative_director =
| director = Girish Konni
| writer = Dinesh Pallath
| creator =
| starring =
| producer = Mohandas
| company = Thazchayil Enterprise
| location =
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 239
| list_episodes =
| language = Malayalam
| country = India
| network = [[Mazhavil Manorama]] [[ManoramaMax]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2023|04|10|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2024|01|13|df=y}}
| runtime = 22 minutes
}}
'''''Balanum Ramayum''''' ( initially titled as ''Balarama'') is an Indian television drama series.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.keralatv.in/balarama-serial-mazhavil-manorama/|title=Balarama Serial (Balanum Ramayum) On Mazhavil Manorama Starring Sarath Das, Sreekala Sasidharan In Lead|date=31 March 2023|website=Kerala TV}}</ref> The series stars [[Sarath Das]] and [[Sreekala Sasidharan]] in the title role and aired on [[Mazhavil Manorama]] from 10 April 2023 to 13 January 2024 and digitally streams on [[ManoramaMax]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/when-romance-blooms-in-middle-age-sarath-and-sreekala-starrer-balanum-ramayum-to-premiere-soon/articleshow/99298567.cms|title=When romance blooms in middle age: Sarath and Sreekala starrer 'Balanum Ramayum' to premiere soon|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref> Balan, a social worker, and Rama, a DTP operator, are a middle-aged couple in love. Amidst society's disapproving looks and family objections, they strive to be united.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/style/love-n-life/2023/04/10/balanum-ramayum-serial-starting-from-today.html|title=ആഴമേറിയ പ്രണയത്തിന്റെ കഥയുമായി 'ബാലനും രമയും'|website=www.manoramaonline.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.keralatv.in/balarama-serial-mazhavil-manorama/|title=Balarama Serial (Balanum Ramayum) On Mazhavil Manorama Starring Sarath Das, Sreekala Sasidharan In Lead|date=31 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://movieetalks.com/balanum-ramayum/|title=Balanum Ramayum (Mazhavil Manorama) Cast, Roles, Timing & Storyline|first=Moviee Talks|last=Team|date=23 June 2023}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Sarath Das]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://malayalam.indianexpress.com/television/serial-artist-sarath-das-juggling-with-coconut-at-balanum-ramayum-location-771729/|title=നിങ്ങളല്ലേ ബാലരമയിലെ മായാവി?; അഭ്യാസ പ്രകടനവുമായി താരം, വീഡിയോ|date=20 March 2023}}</ref>
*[[Sreekala Sasidharan]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/kudumbavilakku-to-anuraga-ganam-pole-malayalam-tv-soaps-that-had-middle-aged-characters-as-protagonists/photostory/102823183.cms?from=mdr|title=Kudumbavilakku to Anuraga Ganam Pole: Malayalam TV soaps that had middle-aged characters as protagonists|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
* [[Vivek Gopan]] / Midhun Menon
*Krishnaprasad
*Sreelakshmi Haridas
*Ashwathy Prabha
*Omana Ouseph
*Preetha Pradeep
* Anoop Sivasenan
* V.K Baiju
*[[Rajini Chandy]]
*Parikshit RS
*Dileep Nair
*Kashiram Iyer
*Sundarapandian
*[[Santhakumari (Malayalam actress)|Santha Kumari]]
*Kottayam Rasheed
*Kavitha Lakshmi
*Souparnika Subhash

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2023 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian television series]]
[[Category:2024 Indian television series endings]]

Koradacheri

2024-12-09T13:02:51Z

SharePoint Press: corrected structure to improve readability

{{moresources|date=August 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Koradacheri
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town panchayath
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
| coordinates = {{coord|10|46|N|79|29|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Thiruvarur district|Thiruvarur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 5970
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Koradacheri''' is a [[panchayat town]] in [[Thiruvarur district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. It lies between the rivers Vettar and Vennar flowing at a distance of about 1.5 km.

This is the Panchayat Town. Major income only from Agriculture, most of them are farmers. There are two government schools (Boys & Girls). There is a Railway station and a Government hospital.

==Demographics==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Koradacheri had a population of 5970. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Koradacheri has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 81%, and female literacy is 69%. In Koradacheri, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.

==Climate==
{{Weather box
|location = Koradacheri (1991–2020, extremes 1975–1999)
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| width = auto
| Jan record high C = 34.8
| Feb record high C = 37.0
| Mar record high C = 40.2
| Apr record high C = 42.4
| May record high C = 42.6
| Jun record high C = 42.0
| Jul record high C = 41.2
| Aug record high C = 40.0
| Sep record high C = 39.6
| Oct record high C = 37.8
| Nov record high C = 35.5
| Dec record high C = 35.2
| year record high C = 42.6
| Jan high C = 30.6
| Feb high C = 33.2
| Mar high C = 36.0
| Apr high C = 38.1
| May high C = 38.8
| Jun high C = 37.5
| Jul high C = 35.9
| Aug high C = 36.1
| Sep high C = 35.6
| Oct high C = 33.5
| Nov high C = 30.3
| Dec high C = 29.0
| year high C = 34.4
| Jan low C = 21.0
| Feb low C = 22.1
| Mar low C = 23.8
| Apr low C = 26.2
| May low C = 26.9
| Jun low C = 26.4
| Jul low C = 25.8
| Aug low C = 25.0
| Sep low C = 24.6
| Oct low C = 23.8
| Nov low C = 22.8
| Dec low C = 21.2
| year low C = 23.9
| Jan record low C = 15.8
| Feb record low C = 15.0
| Mar record low C = 17.6
| Apr record low C = 19.8
| May record low C = 21.6
| Jun record low C = 21.2
| Jul record low C = 21.5
| Aug record low C = 20.0
| Sep record low C = 20.0
| Oct record low C = 19.6
| Nov record low C = 18.0
| Dec record low C = 15.0
| year record low C = 15.0
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 24.0
| Feb rain mm = 8.7
| Mar rain mm = 1.6
| Apr rain mm = 16.0
| May rain mm = 52.5
| Jun rain mm = 43.4
| Jul rain mm = 63.6
| Aug rain mm = 74.5
| Sep rain mm = 85.1
| Oct rain mm = 138.6
| Nov rain mm = 285.7
| Dec rain mm = 228.2
| year rain mm = 1022.0
| Jan rain days = 1.1
| Feb rain days = 0.3
| Mar rain days = 0.2
| Apr rain days = 1.5
| May rain days = 2.7
| Jun rain days = 2.7
| Jul rain days = 2.9
| Aug rain days = 3.9
| Sep rain days = 5.7
| Oct rain days = 7.5
| Nov rain days = 11.4
| Dec rain days = 7.6
| year rain days = 47.7
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 76
| Feb humidity = 63
| Mar humidity = 58
| Apr humidity = 53
| May humidity = 55
| Jun humidity = 54
| Jul humidity = 57
| Aug humidity = 57
| Sep humidity = 63
| Oct humidity = 72
| Nov humidity = 82
| Dec humidity = 83
|year humidity = 65
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]] (humidity 1981-1999)<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]]
| access-date = April 8, 2024
}}</ref><ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archivedate = 5 February 2020
| url = http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Koradacherry Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 427–428
| accessdate = 19 March 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archivedate = 5 February 2020
| url = http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M198
| accessdate = 19 March 2020}}</ref>
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Tiruvarur district]]

{{Tiruvarur-geo-stub}}

Pranayamay

2024-11-23T00:29:41Z

SharePoint Press: created redirect page

#REDIRECT [[Nuvve.. Nuvve...]]

List of Goa cricketers

2024-09-05T11:22:19Z

SharePoint Press: general reworked lead as per guidelines also and improved wording

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2022}}
This is a list of cricketers who have played [[First-class cricket|first-class]], [[List A cricket|List A]] or [[Twenty20]] cricket for [[Goa]].
{{compact TOC|u=U|x=X|z=Z|center=yes|refs=yes|biblio=yes|extlinks=no|nobreak=yes|seealso=yes}}
{{incomplete list|date=November 2017}}

==A==
* [[Felix Alemao]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/955103.html |title=Felix Alemao |access-date=13 October 2016 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> (20/7/1995 – )
* [[Guru Amonkar]] ( – )
* [[Sumiran Amonkar]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/723211.html |title=Sumiran Amonkar |access-date=13 October 2016 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022171630/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/723211.html# |archive-date=2016-10-22 |url-status=live }}</ref> (28/7/1991 – )
* [[Pravin Amre]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Records / Test matches / Batting records / Hundred on debut|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/239555.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=12 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423045312/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/239555.html#|archive-date=2017-04-23|url-status=live}}</ref> (14/8/1968 – )
* [[J. Arunkumar]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/article3679319.ece | title= Arunkumar, Mansoor appointed coaches| date= 25 July 2012}}</ref> (18/1/1975 – )
* [[Rohit Asnodkar]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/269602.html |title=Rohit Asnodkar |access-date=23 October 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316161736/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/269602.html# |archive-date=2016-03-16 |url-status=live }}</ref> (5/12/1986 – )
* [[Swapnil Asnodkar]] (29/3/1984 – )
* [[Hemant Angle]] (13/08/1958 – )<ref>{{cite web |title=Hemant Angle profile |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/hemant-angle-26535 |website=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=5 September 2024}}</ref>

==B==
* [[Saurabh Bandekar]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/27569.html |title=Saurabh Bandekar |access-date=10 October 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929083149/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/27569.html# |archive-date=2015-09-29 |url-status=live }}</ref> (16/11/1987 – )
* [[Yeshwant Barde]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/26861.html |title=Yeshwant Barde |access-date=12 October 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150918234246/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/26861.html# |archive-date=2015-09-18 |url-status=live }}</ref> (15/2/1973 – )
* [[Rohan Belekar]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/598926.html |title=Rohan Belekar |access-date=22 November 2016 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123061729/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/598926.html# |archive-date=2016-11-23 |url-status=live }}</ref> (27/10/1987 – )
* [[Roger Binny]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/news/item/197114-bcci-picks-new-selection-panel|title=Sandeep Patil named chief selector, Amarnath dropped|date=27 September 2012|work=[[NDTV]]|access-date=27 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927130414/http://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/news/item/197114-bcci-picks-new-selection-panel|archive-date=27 September 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> (19/7/1955 – )
* [[Manvinder Bisla]]<ref>{{cite web|title=In Premier League â€" Final Kolkata Knight Riders v Chennai Super Kings.He has played the first match of dlf ipl 5 2012.|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/match/548381.html|access-date=27 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120528110612/http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/match/548381.html#|archive-date=2012-05-28|url-status=live}}</ref> (27/12/1984 – )

==C==
* [[V. B. Chandrasekhar]]<ref>{{cite web|title=India / Players / V.B.Chandrasekhar|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/27592.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=25 April 2013|author=Partab Ramchand|author-link=Partab Ramchand|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112165232/http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/27592.html#|archive-date=2012-11-12|url-status=live}}</ref> (21/8/1961 – )

==D==
* [[Amogh Sunil Desai]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/554398.html |title=Amogh Sunil Desai |access-date=10 October 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828224651/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/554398.html# |archive-date=2015-08-28 |url-status=live }}</ref> (26/8/1992 – )
* [[Ashok Dinda]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/cricket/2020/sep/28/ashok-dinda-to-play-for-goa-in-upcoming-domestic-season-2203025.html |title=Ashok Dinda |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316161736/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashoke_Dinda |archive-date=2016-03-16 |url-status=live }}</ref> (24/03/1984 – )
* [[Suraj Dongre]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/390621.html |title=Suraj Dongre |access-date=22 November 2016 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222161432/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/390621.html# |archive-date=2017-02-22 |url-status=live }}</ref> (27/12/1989 – )
* [[Robin D'Souza]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/28088.html |title=Robin D'Souza |access-date=22 November 2016 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123061446/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/28088.html# |archive-date=2016-11-23 |url-status=live }}</ref> (2/5/1980 – )
* [[Samar Dubhashi]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/826493.html |title=Samar Dubhashi |access-date=15 October 2016 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161016214539/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/826493.html# |archive-date=2016-10-16 |url-status=live }}</ref> (22/9/1995 – )

==F==
* [[Srinivas Fadte]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/625382.html |title=Srinivas Fadte |access-date=7 December 2016 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221095707/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/625382.html# |archive-date=2016-12-21 |url-status=live }}</ref> (10/10/1993 – )

==G==
* [[Harshad Hanumant Gadekar]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/279678.html |title=Harshad Hanumant Gadekar |access-date=23 October 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828224556/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/279678.html# |archive-date=2015-08-28 |url-status=live }}</ref> (5/12/1986 – )
* [[Deepraj Gaonkar]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/814241.html |title=Deepraj Gaonkar |access-date=30 January 2017 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170130113316/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/814241.html# |archive-date=2017-01-30 |url-status=live }}</ref> (4/4/1998 – )
* [[Gauresh Gawas]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/500371.html |title=Gauresh Gawas |access-date=10 October 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031182623/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/500371.html# |archive-date=2015-10-31 |url-status=live }}</ref> (8/12/1990 – )
* [[Prathamesh Gawas]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/814239.html |title=Prathamesh Gawas |access-date=4 March 2017 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170304201338/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/814239.html# |archive-date=2017-03-04 |url-status=live }}</ref> (10/5/1994 – )
* [[Rajesh Ghodge]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/29014.html |title=Rajesh Ghodge |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref> (1997-2005)
* [[D. J. Gokulakrishnan]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Jayaraman Gokulakrishnan|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/8/8807/8807.html|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=1 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306071533/http://www.cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/8/8807/8807.html#|archive-date=2016-03-06|url-status=live}}</ref> (4/1/1973 – )

==H==
* [[Nikhil Haldipur]]<ref>{{Cricinfo|ref=india/content/player/29259|check-wikidata=no}}</ref> (19/12/1977 – )

==J==
* [[Vivek Jaisimha]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Batting and Fielding in Ranji Trophy 1989/90 (Ordered by Runs)|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Ranji_Trophy_1989-90/Batting_by_Runs.html|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=17 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207153734/http://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Ranji_Trophy_1989-90/Batting_by_Runs.html#|archive-date=2016-02-07|url-status=live}}</ref> (18/3/1964 – )
* [[Shadab Jakati]]<ref>Source [http://content.cricinfo.com/india/content/player/29655.html ESPNcricinfo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327141604/http://content.cricinfo.com/india/content/player/29655.html# |date=2009-03-27 }}</ref> (27/11/1980 – )
* [[Manoj Joglekar]] (1/11/1973 – )

==K==
* [[Rana Kalangutkar]]<ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/161/161620/Miscellaneous_Matches.html Miscellaneous matches played by Rana Kalangutkar (18)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114202440/https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/161/161620/Miscellaneous_Matches.html# |date=2017-11-14 }} – CricketArchive. Retrieved 21 June 2013.</ref> (19/10/1982 – )
* [[Sagun Kamat]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/30440.html |title=Sagun Kamat |access-date=10 October 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005180356/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/30440.html# |archive-date=2015-10-05 |url-status=live }}</ref> (11/5/1983 – )
* [[Snehal Kauthankar]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/826497.html |title=Snehal Kauthankar |access-date=10 October 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927231044/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/826497.html# |archive-date=2015-09-27 |url-status=live }}</ref> (19/10/1995 – )
* [[Rahul Keni]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ranji-trophy-2014-15/content/player/30731.html |title=Rahul Keni |access-date=19 August 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150829132002/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ranji-trophy-2014-15/content/player/30731.html# |archive-date=2015-08-29 |url-status=live }}</ref> ( – )
* [[Saiyed Khalid]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/30196.html |title=Saiyed Khalid |access-date=7 October 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006075007/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/30196.html# |archive-date=2015-10-06 |url-status=live }}</ref> (21/10/1975 – )sudin Kamat

==M==
* [[Buddhadev Mangaldas]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/426108.html |title=Buddhadev Mangaldas |access-date=10 October 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828214101/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/426108.html# |archive-date=2015-08-28 |url-status=live }}</ref> (20/6/1988 – )
* [[Darshan Misal]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/501345.html |title=Darshan Misal |access-date=10 October 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828220015/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/501345.html# |archive-date=2015-08-28 |url-status=live }}</ref> (11/9/1992 – ) Balkrishna Misquin Paresh Misquin
Mahendra S Pai Kuchelkar

==N==
* [[Mahind Naik]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/32001.html |title=Mahind Naik|access-date=29 May 2020 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> (---)
* [[Raj Naik]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/31782.html |title=Raj Naik |access-date=30 September 2018 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930193049/http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/31782.html# |archive-date=2018-09-30 |url-status=live }}</ref> (20/12/1974 – )
* [[Ganeshraj Narvekar]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/538885.html |title=Ganeshraj Narvekar |access-date=6 October 2016 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161110222433/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/538885.html# |archive-date=2016-11-10 |url-status=live }}</ref> (2/2/1993 – )
* [[Ryan Ninan]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/353669.html |title=Ryan Ninan |access-date=23 October 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506234415/http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/353669.html# |archive-date=2016-05-06 |url-status=live }}</ref> (19/11/1985 – )

==P==
* [[Shikha Pandey]]<ref>{{cite news|title=India recall Latika Kumari, Sravanthi Naidu for Women's WT20|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/women/content/story/721183.html|access-date=27 November 2014|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=21 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104041136/http://www.espncricinfo.com/women/content/story/721183.html#|archive-date=2015-01-04|url-status=live}}</ref> (12/5/1989 – )
* [[Amulaya Pandrekar]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/822681.html |title=Amulaya Pandrekar |access-date=14 October 2016 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019050002/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/822681.html# |archive-date=2016-10-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> (31/3/1996 – )
* [[Heramb Parab]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1072450.html |title=Heramb Parab |access-date=9 November 2017 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110172221/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1072450.html# |archive-date=2017-11-10 |url-status=live }}</ref> (4/9/1998 – )
* [[Kiran Powar]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/97559.html# |title=December 6, 2001 Kiran Powar fights to no avail |access-date=2017-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020183116/http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/97559.html# |archive-date=2018-10-20 |url-status=live }}</ref> (6/4/1976 – )
* [[Nilesh Prabhudesai]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/32669.html|title=Nilesh Prabhudesai|access-date=11 March 2017|work=ESPNcricinfo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231120259/http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/32669.html#|archive-date=2016-12-31|url-status=live}}</ref> (13/5/1967 – )
* [[Suyash Prabhudessai]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1083851.html |title=Suyash Prabhudessai |access-date=1 March 2017 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301115151/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1083851.html# |archive-date=2017-03-01 |url-status=live }}</ref> (6/12/1997 – ) Sharad Pednekar Raju Pednekar

==R==
* [[DC Rajesh]] (28/3/1975 – )
* [[Ajay Ratra]]<ref>{{cite news| first = Partab| last = Ramchand| title = First list of NCA trainees| url = http://feedsuk.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ARCHIVE/CRICKET_NEWS/2000/APR/029816_CI_15APR2000.html| publisher=ESPNcricinfo| date = 2000-04-15| access-date = 2007-02-08| archive-date = 9 July 2012| archive-url = https://archive.today/20120709221110/http://feedsuk.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ARCHIVE/CRICKET_NEWS/2000/APR/029816_CI_15APR2000.html| url-status = dead}}</ref> (13/12/1981 – )
* [[Abhishek Raut]] (3/3/1987 – )

==S==
* [[Sathiamoorty Saravanan]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/33846.html |title=Sathiamoorty Saravanan |access-date=12 December 2016 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221175055/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/33846.html# |archive-date=2016-12-21 |url-status=live }}</ref> (22/9/1978 – )
* [[Faisal Shaikh]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/33917.html|title=Faisal Shaikh|access-date=25 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026010434/http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/33917.html#|archive-date=2016-10-26|url-status=live}}</ref> (2/12/1977 – )
* [[Somashekar Shiraguppi]]<ref>{{cite web|title=First-Class Matches played by Somashekar Shiraguppi|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/7/7548/First-Class_Matches.html|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926191110/https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/7/7548/First-Class_Matches.html#|archive-date=2017-09-26|url-status=live}}</ref> (14/6/1974 – )
* [[Malik Shirur]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1083850.html |title=Malik Shirur |access-date=26 February 2017 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226213107/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1083850.html# |archive-date=2017-02-26 |url-status=live }}</ref> (21/1/1993 – )
* [[Ravikant Shukla]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/33331.html |title=Ravikant Shukla |access-date=21 October 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118133710/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/33331.html# |archive-date=2015-11-18 |url-status=live }}</ref> (9/7/1987 – )
* [[Vidyut Sivaramakrishnan]] (3/12/1981 – )
* [[Sridharan Sriram]]<ref>{{cite news| first = Partab| last = Ramchand| title = First list of NCA trainees| url = http://feedsuk.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ARCHIVE/CRICKET_NEWS/2000/APR/029816_CI_15APR2000.html| publisher=ESPNcricinfo| date = 2000-04-15| access-date = 2007-02-08| archive-date = 9 July 2012| archive-url = https://archive.today/20120709221110/http://feedsuk.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ARCHIVE/CRICKET_NEWS/2000/APR/029816_CI_15APR2000.html| url-status = dead}}</ref> (21/2/1976 – )

==V==
* [[Keenan Vaz]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/427504.html |title=Rahul Keni |access-date=4 August 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924211028/http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/427504.html# |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=live }}</ref> (12/9/1991 – )
* [[Ganapathi Vignesh]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/india/content/player/35746.html | title = Ganapathi Vignesh | access-date = 2008-05-09 | publisher=ESPNcricinfo | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080327220248/http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/india/content/player/35746.html# | archive-date = 2008-03-27 | url-status = live }}</ref> (11/8/1981 – )

==Y==
* [[Amit Yadav]]<ref>{{cite web|title=First-class Batting and Fielding in Each Season by Amit Yadav|url-access=subscription |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/167/167615/f_Batting_by_Season.html|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=16 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424080938/http://www.cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/167/167615/f_Batting_by_Season.html#|archive-date=2017-04-24|url-status=live}}</ref> (10/10/1989 – )
* [[Sher Yadav]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/36098.html |title=Sher Yadavr |access-date=30 January 2017 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203004105/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/36098.html# |archive-date=2017-02-03 |url-status=live }}</ref> (4/12/1984 – )

==See also==
* [[Goans in cricket]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Lists of Indian cricketers}}

[[Category:Lists of Indian cricketers by state or union territory|Goa cricketers]]
[[Category:Goa cricketers|*]]
[[Category:Lists of people from Goa|cricketers]]

Aurangabad coalfield

2024-08-12T08:47:57Z

SharePoint Press: added a data

The '''Aurangabad''' is a large coal field located in the east of [[India]] in [[Bihar]]. Aurangabad represents one of the largest [[coal]] reserve in [[India]] having estimated reserves of 3 billion tonnes of [[coal]].<ref>{{cite web|year=2012|title=Coal in India|url=http://ibm.nic.in/IMYB%202011_Coal%20&%20Lignite.pdf|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130811050549/http://ibm.nic.in/IMYB%202011_Coal%20%26%20Lignite.pdf|archivedate=2013-08-11|accessdate=2013-07-23|publisher=ibm.nic.in}}</ref>{{Infobox Mine
| name = Aurangabad coalfield
| image =
| width =
| caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates =
| place =
| subdivision_type =
| state/province = [[Bihar]]
| country = [[India]]
| owner =
| stock_exchange =
| stock_code =
| official website =
| acquisition year =
| products = [[Coal]]
| financial year =
| amount =
| opening year =
| closing year =
}}
{| class="wikitable"
! Coal Field
! Proved
! Indicated
! Inferred
! Total
|-
|'''Aurangabad'''
|213.88
|2279.82
|503.41
|2997.11
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Coalfields}}

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[[Category:Mining in Jharkhand]]

Ishar Singh Marhana

2024-05-15T19:33:58Z

SharePoint Press: New A Bio

{{short description|Ghadr revolutionary}}
{{No footnotes|date=August 2023}}
'''Ishar Singh Marhana''' (1878–1941), [[Akali movement|Akali activist]] and [[Ghadar Mutiny|Ghadr]] revolutionary, was born on January 1, 1878, as the younger of the two sons of Bhai Jind Singh a Sandhu Jatt and Mai Chand Kaur of Village Marhana near [[Tarn Taran Sahib]] in [[Amritsar district]] of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], a farming family.

He learned [[Gurmukhī alphabet|Gurmukhi]] in the village gurudwara and recited avidly his daily hymns every morning and helped his father and elder brother, Asa Singh, with farming. Still very young he was married to Bibi Har Kaur, daughter of Bhai Hira Singh a Jatt of village Khanpur in [[Nakodar]] Tehsil of [[Jalandhar district]] of Punjab.

In 1922, he set up a huge conclave of the Akali reformists in his own village, Marhana. In 1930, he was elected a member and vice-chairman of Amritsar [[Harmandir Sahib|Darbar Sahib]] Managing Committee for three years.

He died of a brief illness on 16 August 1941.

==References==
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==External links==
* http://www.thesikhencyclopedia.com/sikh-political-figures/ishar-singh-marhana

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[[Category:Punjabi Sikhs]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:1878 births]]