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Keshampeta mandal

2026-05-05T15:55:33Z

Shamimulislam: Starting new stub

{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=February 2020}}
{{Unreferenced|date=May 2026}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Keshampet
| native_name = Kesampeta
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname = kesampet
| settlement_type = mandal
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Telangana, India
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = RangaReddy
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 509408
| registration_plate = TG 07
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = Hyderabad
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = Mahabubnagar
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = Shadnagar
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Climatic regions of India|hot]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Keshampet''' is a [[Tehsil|Mandal]] in [[Ranga Reddy district]], [[Telangana]], Pincode number [[509408]].The coordinates of Keshampet is 16.9532° N, 78.3480° E.

==Institutions==
* Zilla Parishad High School
* Hinduja Degree College

==Villages==
The villages in Keshampeta mandal include:
* Alwal
* Bhairkhanpally
* Bodanampalle
* Chowlapalle
* Eklaskhampeta
* Ippalapalle
* Kakunoor
* Keshampet
* Kondareddipalle
* Kothapeta
* Lemamidi
* Lingamdana
* Mangalguda
* Nirdavally
* Papireddiguda
* Pomalpalle
* Sangem
* Santhapur
* Sundarapuram
* Thommidirekula
* Vemulanarva
* konayapally

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Regional Ring Road]] regional Ring road

{{Ranga Reddy district|state=expanded}}

{{coord missing|Telangana}}

[[Category:Mandals in Ranga Reddy district]]

{{Ranga-Reddy-geo-stub}}

Sudhin Dasgupta

2026-05-05T11:32:53Z

Shamimulislam: creating new details

{{EngvarB|date=January 2026}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2026}}
{{Mscn|date=January 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Sudhin Dasgupta
| image = Sudhin Dasgupta.jpg
| caption = সুধীন দাশগুপ্ত
| native_name = সুধীন দাশগুপ্ত
| native_name_lang = bn
| birth_name = Sudhindranath Dasgupta
| alias = Sudhin Dasgupta
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1929|10|09}}
| birth_place = [[Darjeeling]], [[British India]] (now [[India]])
| origin = [[West Bengal]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1982|01|10|1929|10|09}}
| death_place = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], India
| genre = {{hlist|[[World music|World]]|[[Pop music|pop]]}}
| occupation = Composer, lyricist, singer
| instrument = vocal
| years_active = 1950–1982
| label =
| associated_acts =
}}{{Listen
| type = music
| filename = এই রিম ঝিম ঝিম বরষায়.mp3
| title = Talat Mahmood singing "Ei rim jhim jhim Boroshay"
| description = Music composer and Lyricist Sudhin Dasgupta, Singer [[Talat Mahmood]]
|pos =
}}

'''Sudhin Dasgupta''' ({{langx|bn|সুধীন দাশগুপ্ত}}; 9 October 1929 – 10 January 1982) was a prolific [[Bengali language|Bengali]] music director, lyricist and singer. He worked in various other Indian languages, such as [[Hindi]], [[Assamese language|Assamese]] and [[Oriya language|Oriya]]. His contribution opened a new horizon to the [[Bengali music|Bengali]] music for both the arenas of Bengali basic song as well as Bengali film song.

==Personal life==
[[File:Sudhin Dasgupta with Manjusree Dasgupta.jpg|thumb|right|Sudhin Dasgupta with Manjushree Dasgupta]]Born into a [[Baidya]] family on 9 October 1929, Sudhindranath dasgupta, popularly known as Sudhin Dasgupta, was brought up at [[Darjeeling]].<ref name=ananda1>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/supplementary/patrika/have-you-ever-heard-these-stories-on-prolific-music-director-lyricist-and-singer-sudhin-dasgupta-1.735369|title=পূর্ব-পশ্চিম মিলেছিল তাঁর সুরে|accessdate=2019-02-24}}</ref> The ancestral house of his family was in 'Kalia' village, [[Jessore District]], [[Bangladesh]]. His father, Mahendranath Dasgupta was a teacher at Darjeeling Govt. School. His mother was a social activist in those days.

Sudhindranath, alias Sudhin Dasgupta, was proficient in music from his early years. He could play various types of musical instruments with equal expertise, such as Sitar, Sarod, Harmonium, Piano, Mandolin, Piccolo, Guitar, Violin, Esraj etc., along with percussion such as Tabla and Drums.<ref name= ajkal1/> He graduated in music from Royal School of Music London.

Sudhin was also adept in playing various games. When he was in Calcutta (Kolkata) he was a member of the Hockey team in Bhabanipur Club.

It was 1949–50 when Sudhin and his family had to shift permanently to Calcutta (Kolkata), initially at Srinath Mukherjee Lane and then to the house at Sinthi. This was the time when he gradually delved into the world of Bengali modern music. Apart from working as music assistant to the legendary music director [[Kamal Dasgupta]], he maintained his responsibility of creating songs for the Calcutta North Squad of IPTA (Indian Peoples Theatres' Association). And a day came when Sudhin met Khitish Basu of the [[Gramophone Company of India]] who gave him the opportunity to compose Bengali modern music. The first two modern songs composed by him was ''Kato Asha Kato Bhalobasha'' and ''Keno Akash Hote'' recorded by Bechu Dutta in 1953. Eventually the versatile musical journey of Sudhin Dasgupta began which was consistent until the last day of his life.

Sudhin Dasgupta was married to Manjushree Dasgupta (née Sengupta). Their son Soumya is an architect by profession, and daughter Saberi is a fashion designer.

==Music==
[[File:Sudhin Dasgupta at AIR.jpg|thumb|right|Sudhin Dasgupta as the Station Master at All India Radio]]The years of the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s are considered as the golden era for [[Bengali language|Bengali]] modern song as well as Bengali basic song. During this period, [[Bengali language|Bengali]] music was enriched by contributions of numerous music directors and lyricists such as [[Gouri Prasanna Majumdar]], [[Pulak Bandyopadhyay]], Shyamal Gupta, Miltoo Ghosh, Pronob Roy, [[Robin Chattopadhyay]], Pabitra Chattopadhyay, Anol Chattopadhyay, [[Anupam Ghatak]], Anil Bagchi, [[Jnan Prakash Ghosh]], [[Salil Chowdhury]], [[Nachiketa Ghosh]], [[Hemanta Kumar Mukhopadhyay]], [[Shyamal Mitra]], [[Bhupen Hazarika]] and Sudhin Dasgupta. He was also known to be an excellent player of different Indian and Western musical instruments like [[Tabla]], [[Sitar]], [[Piano]], [[Pump organ|Harmonium]], Esraj, Violin and others.

;Early years
Some time during early fifties, Sudhin Dasgupta was invited by Geeta Dutt and Guru Dutt to join their production house in Bombay (Mumbai). For some time [[Subir Sen]] and Sudhin Dasgupta stayed together in ''Tardeo Sonawala'' building in Mumbai when Sudhin composed a song "এত সুর আর এত গান" (''Eto sur aar eto gaan''), which was recorded by Subir Sen much later.<ref name="youtube1">{{cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VkTSEE8j4_I&list=RDVkTSEE8j4_I&index=4|title=Subir Sen Interview: Part 1: KOLKATA GAAN|accessdate=2018-11-23}}</ref> By this time the second record of Subir Sen appeared in 1956 containing two compositions of Sudhin Dasgupta, 'ঐ উজ্জ্বল দিন ডাকে স্বপ্ন রঙ্গীন' and 'স্বর্ণঝরা সূর্যরঙে'. These immortal creations made the Composer cum lyricist Sudhin Dasgupta famous and made a permanent place for him in the world of Bengali music.<ref name="abp">{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/editorial/letters-to-the-editor/first-recorded-song-of-subir-sen-1.843691|title=সম্পাদক সমীপেষু: প্রথম রেকর্ড অন্য|language=bn|accessdate=2018-11-23}}</ref>

Since his early years Sudhin Dasgupta was associated with the activities of IPTA (Indian People's Theatre Association), where his was befriended with many stalwarts of that time, such as [[Salil Chowdhury]], Sourindra Mohan Sengupta, [[Ritwik Ghatak]], [[Utpal Dutt]], [[Khwaja Ahmad Abbas]], Pandit [[Ravi Shankar]], Jyotirindra Moitra, [[Debabrata Biswas]] and others. During this time Sudhin Dasgupta composed music for ''Thikana'', a famous poem written by Sukanta Bhattacharya, which was sung at IPTA meetings by Sourindra Mohan during the Teachers' Movement in 1954. However, later another version of the song with music composed by Salil Choudhury was recorded and became very popular.<ref name="samir">{{cite book|first=Samir Kumar|last=Gupta|title=Sail Choudhury's First Life and Mass Songs|publisher=Miley Mishe|year=2014|isbn=978-93-83356-00-3}}</ref>

Sudhin had a professional voice too, and the lone record of his songs written by his close friend Subir Hazra was published in 1961 with two tracks: 'কোকিল কাঁদে কেন ফাগুনে’ based on folk tune, and 'লাল লাল চোখে দেখি একে ওকে’ with the tune of jazz.<ref name="ananda1" />

;Composer of Basic Songs
The first Bengali song recorded in Sudhin's composition were in Bechu Dutta's voice: 'কত আশা কত ভালোবাসা'<ref>Viewable on YouTube: {{YouTube|wetgL9YRqWY|Kato asha kato bhalobasa - Bechu Dutta}}; (accessed 3 March 2019)</ref> and 'কেন আকাশ হতে'<ref>Viewable on YouTube: {{YouTube|gMSNVBufMpQ|Keno akash hote - Bechu Dutta}}; (accessed 3 March 2019)</ref> in 1953. In basic [[Bengali language|Bengali]] song, Sudhin Dasgupta gifted the audience a number of super-hit tracks, including "Ei Jhir Jhir Batase", "Bhanga Torir Sudhu E Gaan", "Ami Taar Thikana Rakhini", "Ekta Gaan Likho Amar Jonno", "Oi Ujjwalo Din", "Saat Ronga Ek Pakhi", "Akash Eto Meghla", "Naam Rekhechi Bonolata" and many others. Again, he contributed both as composer and lyricist in many of the items. He worked extensively with all the legendary singers like [[Hemanta Kumar Mukhopadhyay]], [[Manna Dey]], [[Dwijen Mukhopadhyay]], [[Shyamal Mitra]], [[Manabendra Mukhopadhyay]], Satinath Mukhopadhyay, [[Sandhya Mukhopadhyay]], [[Pratima Bandopadhyay]], [[Arati Mukhopadhyay]], [[Talat Mahmood]], [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Asha Bhonsle]], [[Mohammed Rafi]] etc. In the year 1967 itself both Sudhin and Salil presented Puja Albums containing ten songs each, such was the popularity of the duo.<ref name="raktimsen">{{cite web|url=http://raktimsen.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=156:the-golden-era-of-bengali-adhunik-a-reminiscence&catid=60:random-thoughts-main&Itemid=100|title=The Golden Era of Bengali Adhunik: A Reminiscence|accessdate=2019-03-03}}</ref>

;Composer/Music Director in Movies
In 1957, Sudhin Dasgupta entered the [[Bengali language|Bengali]] Film industry as the music composer for film called "Ulka". His second film was "Dak Harkara" (1958), where famous Bengali novelist, [[Tarashankar Bandopadhyay]] contributed the lyrics. Sudhin never looked back and [[Bengali language|Bengali]] film industry got a series of mega hits from him like "Antaral", "Shankhabela", "Tin Bhuboner Pare", "Prothom Kodom Phul", "Chaddabeshi", "Picnic", "Har Mana Har", "Basanta Bilap", "Hangsaraj", "Amrito Kumbher Sondhane" and many more. In many of the films he acted both as the lyricist and the composer. He worked for around fifty Bengali films. While composing music for the film "''Goli Theke Rajpoth''" Sudhin inducted Manne Dey for the first time to make play back song in the lip of Uttam Kumar, in the song "লাগ লাগ লাগ ভেল্কির খেলা". The great trio, Sudhin Dasgupta, [[Uttam Kumar]] and [[Manna Dey]] produced several magical songs in films "Shankhabela", "Kokhono Megh", "Manjari Opera", "Chhadmabeshi", "Har Mana Har", "Raater Rajanigandha" etc. afterwards.

;Experimentation
Sudhin Dasgupta experimented with different forms of music all through his musical career. He used [[Baul]], South Indian Tunes, [[Folk music|Folk]], and Western Chorus in his various creations. Sometimes he adopted tune of various origin into his creations. In Shyamal Mitra's voice "''Kato dur kato dur''" he used the tune of "Jingle bells". One such song was "I come from Alabama" which inspired the Bengali song ''Oi meghe meghe'', sang by Gayatri Basu in 1954. In the same year Sudhin composed ''Mor gaan shishirer khora sure go'', sang by Sandhya Mukherjee, which could be inspired by Tchaikovsky's composition ''Danse Choinoise'' (1882), having a faint resemblance in the first line only.<ref>Viewable on YouTube: {{YouTube|Z-5OBYcC63o|Mor gaan shishirer khora sure go - Sandhya Mukherjee}}</ref> He created the song "হারিয়ে ফেলেছি মন জানি না তো কোথায় কখন" based on "Casanova".<ref name="ajkal1" />

;Advertisement jingles
Sudhin Dasgupta also worked for commercial advertisement jingles. One such composition by Sudhin has become a legend: "Mathar Ghonochul Jokhon, Morubhumi Hoye Jai…”.

;Music for Children
He contributed to the music albums for the children, titled "Hingsute Doitto" and "Chotoder Ramayan".

He also composed music for many of the well-known [[Bengali language|Bengali]] poems from authors like Sunirmal Basu, [[Jogindranath Sarkar]], Jatindranath Sengupta ('থই থই শাওন এল ওই' by Sandhya Mukherjee), Batakrishna Dey ('কৃষ্ণচূড়া আগুন তুমি’ by Geeta Dutt) and Jatindra Mohan Bagchi ('বাঁশবাগানের মাথার ওপর' by Pratima Bandopadhyay) etc.<ref name="ananda1" />

;Sudhin as a poet
Sudhin Dasgupta wrote lyrics for many songs. Immense popularity of these songs itself speak of the poetical values of these lyrics with their literary value. One of the first of his creations was the song he wrote for Subir Sen in 1954, Eto Sur Ar Eto Gaan, which had become a milestone in Bengali music world:
{|
|-
|
<div style="2em;font-size:1.0em">
<poem>
এত সুর আর এত গান যদি কোনদিন থেমে যায়
সেইদিন তুমিও তো ওগো জানি ভুলে যাবে যে আমায়।

কতদিন আর এ জীবন কত আর এ মধু লগন...
তবুও তো পেয়েছি তোমায় জানি ভুলে যাবে যে আমায়।

আমি তো গেয়েছি সেই গান যে গানে দিয়েছিলে প্রাণ...।
ক্ষতি নেই আজ কিছু আর ভুলেছি যত কিছু তার...
এ জীবনে সবই যে হারায়, জানি ভুলে যাবে যে আমায়।.<ref name="abp" />
</poem>
</div>
||
|}

;Sudhin as a social worker and reformer
Sudhin Dasgupta actively responded through his pen to the distress of people in the time of partition in 1947 and afterwards. He created a few motivational songs during that time for the IPTA. During the Bangladesh war in 1971 too he created unforgettable songs paying homage to the birth of the New Nation and its founder Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman: Bangabandhu phire ele.

==Bengali filmography==
List of all Films for which Music or Lyrics were composed by Sudhin Dasgupta
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|+ Sudhin Dasgupta Filmography
|-
! width="5%" |Year
! width="10%" |Film
! width="10%" |Director
! width="12%" |Casting
! width="12%" |Playback Singers
! width="10%" |Lyrics
! width="10%" |Music Composer
|-

| 1957 || ''Ulka'' || Naresh Mitra || Sunanda Banerjee, Satya Bannerjee, Jiben Bose, Sabita Bose || || || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1958 || ''Dak Harkara'' || || Biswajeet, Sabitri Chatterjee, Kali Banerjee, Sova Sen || || Tarashankar Bandopadhyay || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1959 || ''Gali Thekey Rajpath'' || || || || || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1959 || ''Headmaster'' || || || || || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1960 || ''Probesh Nisedh'' || || || || || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1960 || ''Jatri'' || || || || || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1961 || ''Panka Tilak'' || || || || || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1962 || ''Kanna'' || || || || || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1963 || ''Nishithe'' || || || || || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1964 || ''Tahole'' || || || || || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1964 || ''Dui Parba'' || || || || || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1965 || ''Akash Kusum'' received President's award (Silver Medal) || Mrinal Sen || Soumitra Chatterjee, Aparna Sen, Shuvendu Chatterjee || || || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1965 || ''Antaral'' || || || || || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1966 || ''Shankhabela'' || || || || Pulak Bandopadhyay || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1967 || ''Akash Chhoa '' || || || || || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1967 || ''Abhishapta Chambal'' || || || || || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1968 || ''Kokhono Megh'' || Agradoot || Uttam Kumar, Anjana Bhowmick, Kali Banerjee, Subrota Chatterje || || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1969 || ''Tin Bhuboner Pare'' || Asutosh Banerjee || Soumitra Chatterjee, Tanuja, Kamal Mitra || || Pulak Bandopadhyay || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1970 || ''[[Prothom Kadam Phool]]'' || || || || || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1970 || ''Manjari Opera'' || || || || || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1971 || ''Joi Bangla'' || || || || || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1971 || ''Chhadmabeshi'' || || || || || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1972 || ''[[Jiban Saikate]]'' || || || || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1972 || Picnic || || || || || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1972 || ''Jabaan'' || Palash Banerjee || Samit Bhanja, Radha Saluja, Amitabh Bachchan, Biswajeet, Dharmendra, Shatrughan Sinha || || || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1972 || ''Har Mana Har'' || Salil Sen || Uttam Kumar, Suchitra Sen, Pahari Sanyal || || Pulak Bandopadhyay || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1972|| ''Rater Rojonigandha'' || || || || || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1972 || ''Shajarur Kanta'' || || || |||| Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1973 || ''Sonar Khancha'' || || || || Sudhin Dasgupta ||
|-
| 1973 || ''Basanta Bilap'' || Dinen Gupta || Soumitra Chatterjee, Aparna Sen, Rabi Ghosh, Chinmoy Roy, Sumitra Devi, Anup Kumar, Kajal Gupta || || Pulak Bandopadhyay || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1973 || ''Nishi Konna'' || || || || || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1973 || ''Ek Je Chilo Bagh'' || || || || || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1973 || ''Epar Opar'' || || Soumitra Chatterjee, Dilip Roy, Aparna Sen, Shamita Biswas || || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1973 || ''Jiban Rahasya'' || Salil Roy || Shuvendu Chatterjee, [[Madhabi Mukherjee]], Pran || Asha Bhosle, Manna Dey || Pulak Bandopadhyay || [[Abhijit Banerjee]] (Sudhin Dasgupta composed music for songs)
|-
| 1973 || ''Shajarur Kanta'' || || || |||| Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1974 || ''Prantarekha'' || || || || || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1974 || ''Sangini'' || || || || || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1975 || ''Sharmila'' || || || || || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1975 || ''Sedin Dujone'' || || |||| || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1975 || ''Palanka'' || || || || || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1975 || ''Hangsaraaj'' || || Master Arindam, Kali Banerjee, Sandhyarani || || Pulak Bandopadhyay || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1976 || ''Aparajita'' || || || || || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1978 || ''Karunamoyee'' || || || || || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1979 || ''Dour'' || || || || || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1979 || ''Job Charnoker Bibi'' || || || || || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1979 || '' Suvo Sangbad'' || || || || || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1982 || ''Pipasa'' || || || || || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1982|| ''[[Amrita Kumbher Sandhane]]'' || || || || || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1983 || ''Suporna'' || || || || || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1983 || ''Banashree'' || || || || || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
|}

==Discography==
List of all songs for which Music or Lyrics were composed by Sudhin Dasgupta
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|+ Sudhin Dasgupta Discography
|-
! width="5%" |Year
! width="20%" |Song
! width="15%" |Singer
! width="10%" |Language
! width="10%" |Film/album
! width="15%" |Lyrics
! width="15%" |Music
|-
| 19- || ''Anek durer pranto sheshe'' || Salil Mitra || Bengali || Akashvani Ramyageeti || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| - || ''Ashather chayatol'' || Sachin Gupta || Bengali || || Sailen Roy || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1961 || ''Aandhar majhe tomar o rup'' || Lata Mangeskar || Bengali || ''Panka Tilak'' || - || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1976 || ''Aah ki jwala dyakh na sokhi'' || Arundhati Holme Choudhury || Bengali || - || Dinendra Choudhury || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1963 || ''Aaha mon kemon kemon'' || Satinath Bandopadhyay || Bengali || Puja Album || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1970 || ''Aaj holi khelbo Shyam'' || Sandhya Mukherjee || Bengali || ''Manjari Opera'' || - || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1966 || ''Aaj mon cheyechhe ami hariye jabo'' || Lata Mangeskar || Bengali || ''Shankhabela'' || - || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1967 || ''Aaj shudhu khela'' || Banasri Sengupta || Bengali || Puja Album || - || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1961 || ''Aajo mone pore baare baare'' || Hemanta Mukherjee || Bengali || ''Shilalipi'' || Subir Hazra || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1965 || ''Aakash jekhane galpo bale'' || Subir || Bengali || Puja Album || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1958 || ''Aakashe aaj ronger khelaa'' (first Bengali song by Asha Bhonsle) || Asha Bhonsle || Bengali || Puja Album || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 19- || ''Aakashe takalam'' || Chorus || Bengali || Akashvani Ramyageeti || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 19- || ''Aamar baaju bandher jhumko'' || Sandhya Mukherjee || Bengali || - || Tarashankar Bandyopadhyay || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1971 || ''Aamar din kate na'' || Asha Bhonsle || Bengali || ''Chadmabeshi'' || - || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1973 || ''Aami andhakaarer jatri'' || Asha Bhonsle || Bengali || ''Epar Opar'' || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1972 || ''Aami bhalo hote paari'' || Banasree Sengupta || Bengali || Puja Album || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1972 || ''Aami jeno tar-i alo'' || Arati Mukherjee || Bengali || ''Har mana har'' || Pulak Bandopadhyay || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1971 || ''Aami kon pothe je choli'' || Manna Dey || Bengali || ''Chadmabeshi'' || - || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1974 || ''Aami lukate parini'' || Sandhya Mukherjee || Bengali || - || Subir Hazra || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1973 || ''Aami Miss Calcutta 1976'' || Arati Mukherjee || Bengali || ''Basanta Bilap'' || - || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1970 || ''Aami Shri Shri Bhajahari Manna'' || Manna Dey || Bengali || ''Prothom Kadam Phool'' || Pulak Bandopadhyay || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1968 || ''Aami taar thikana rakhini'' || Manna Dey || Bengali || Puja Album || Pulak Bandopadhyay || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| - || ''Aami toh haat bariyechhilam'' || Sujata Sarkar || Bengali || Puja Album || Dilip Ghosh || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1976 || ''Aami toh tomar chirodiner'' || Nirmala Mishra || Bengali || Puja Album || Babu Guhathakurta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1971 || ''Aaro dure chalo jai'' || Asha Bhonsle || Bengali || ''Chadmabeshi'' || - || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 19- || ''Aaro dure dure chalona'' ||Banashree Sengupta || Bengali || Akashvani Ramyageeti || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1966 || ''Aaro kato din ami khunjechhi tomake'' || Arati Mukherjee || Bengali || - || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1983 || ''Aaswine hok aghraane hok'' || Hementa Mukherjee || Bengali || ''Banasree'' || Pulak Bandopadhyay || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| - || ''Aaynate mukh dekhbo na'' || Arati Mukherjee || Bengali || - || Subir Hazra || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1971 || ''Banchao ke achho'' || Manna Dey || Bengali || ''Chadmabeshi'' || Subir Hazra || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1961 || ''Bandho chokhhe mor dao alo'' || Sabita Choudhury || Bengali || ''Pankatilak'' || Subir Hazra || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1971 || ''Banga Bandhu phire ele'' || Sandhya Mukherjee || Bengali || Poem converted to song || Abidur Rahaman || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1955 || ''Bansh baganer mathar opor'' || [[Pratima Bandopadhyay]] || Bengali || Poem converted to song || Jatindra Mohan Bagchi || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1972 || ''Banyo banyo e aranyo'' || Arati Mukherjee || Bengali || Puja Album || Sunil Baran || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1968|| ''Bhule jete tumi parbe ki'' || Ila Basu || Bengali || Puja Album || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1956 || ''Bideshini kaader raani'' || Alpana Bandyopadhyay || Bengali || Puja Album || Bhaskar Basu || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| - || ''Bolte tumi paaro'' || Arati Mukherjee || Bengali || - || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1973 || ''Chalo aaj kichhu poth'' || Nirmala Mishra || Bengali || Puja Album || Barun Biswas || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1960 || ''Champa aamar ogo shono'' || Tarun Bandyopadhyay || Bengali || - || Salil Chowdhuri || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1957 || ''Champaar chokhe jeno kaar maya'' || - || Bengali || ''Ulka'' || [[Gauriprasanna Mazumder]] and Kanu Ranjan Ghosh || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1963 || ''ChaaNder aloy raater paakhi'' || Sailen Mukhopadhyay || Bengali || Puja album || Pulak Bandyopadhyay || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1962 || ''Chaar deyaler modhye nanan drishyo ke'' || Manna Dey || Bengali || Puja album || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1971 || ''Chho chho chho kya sharam ki baaNt'' || Ranjit Roy (comedian) || Bengali || ''Chadmabeshi'' || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1962 || ''China chena mukh'' || Dhananjoy Bhattacharya || Bengali || Puja album || Sunil Baran || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1971 || ''Chhi Chhi Chhi e ki kando'' || Banasree Sengupta || Bengali || || Barun Biswas || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1966 || ''Chinechhe chinechhi tomar e mon'' || Arati Mukherjee || Bengali || Puja Album || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1958 || ''Chokher najar'' || Shyamal Mitra || Bengali || Puja Album || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1969 || ''Deke deke chole gechhi'' || Asha Bhonsle || Bengali || ''Prothom Kadam Phool'' || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1973 || ''Dekheo je dekhe na'' || Arundhati Home Choudhury || Bengali || Puja Album || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1969 || ''Dibasa rajani jay jeno emoni'' || Satinath Mukhopadhay || Bengali || Puja Album || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1969 || ''Dure dure kachhe kachhe'' || Arati Mukherjee || Bengali || ''Teen Bhubaner Pare'' || - || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1961 || ''E amay kothay niye ele'' || Lata Mangeskar || Bengali || ''Pankatilak'' || Subir Hazra || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1972 || ''Ei akash natun bathash natun'' || Arati Mukherjee || Bengali || ''Har Mana Har'' || Pulak Bandopadhyay || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1958 || ''Ei chhaya bithi tole'' || Utpala Sen || Bengali || || Bhaskar Basu || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1950 || ''Ei chhaya ghera kalo raat'' || Dwijen Mukherjee || Bengali || || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1972 || ''Ei pothe pashapashi'' || Manna Dey, Krishna Bhanja || Bengali || ''Jaban'' || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1957 || ''Ei rat nijhhum'' || Nilima Bandyopadhyay || Bengali || || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1958 || ''Ei rim jhim jhim barosha'' || Talat Mahmood || Bengali || || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1970 || ''Ei shahar theke aro onek dure'' || Manna Dey || Bengali || ''Prothom Kadam Phool'' || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1967 || ''Ei shahare ei bandare'' || Shyamal Mitra || Bengali || Puja Album || - || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1973 || ''Ek choretei thanda'' || Arati Mukherjee || Bengali || ''Basanta Bilap'' || - || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1972 || ''Ek din dal bendhe'' || Manna Dey || Bengali || ''[[Picnic (1972 film)|Picnic]]'' || - || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1970 || ''Ek din sei din'' || Banasree Sengupta || Bengali || Puja Album || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1962 || ''Ek jhhank pakhider mato'' || Manna Dey || Bengali || Puja album || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1959 || ''Ek-i onge eto rup'' || Manna Dey || Bengali || Puja album || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1962 || ''Ekta gaan likho aamar jonyo'' || [[Pratima Bandopadhyay]] || Bengali || || Subir Hazra || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1958 || ''Ektu chhNoya aar ektu paaoya'' || Geeta Dutt || Bengali || || Amitava Naha || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1964 || ''Elomelo haoyay hariye jete chay'' || Shyamal Mitra || Bengali || ''Tahole'' || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1964 || ''Emon madhur dhwani'' || Dhananjay Bhattacharya || Bengali || Puja Album || Sunil Baran || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1955 || ''Epaare Ganga opaare Ganga'' || Pratima Bandyopadhyay || Bengali || Akashvani Ramyageeti || Bhaskar Basu || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1972 || ''Esechhi Aladin'' || Manna Dey || Bengali || Puja Album || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1976 || ''Esona tomay kato misti kore'' || Sipra Bose || Bengali || ''Haar mana haar'' || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1967 || ''Eto kore kaachhe daaki'' || Banasri Sengupta || Bengali || Puja Album || - || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1957 || ''Eto sur aar eto gaan'' || Subir Sen || Bengali || Puja album || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1968 || ''Hariye jete jete'' || Arati Mukherjee || Bengali || ''Kakhono Megh'' || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 19- || ''Hariye phelechhi mon'' || Mrinal Chakraborty || Bengali || Puja Album || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 19- || ''Hira phele kaaNch'' || Banashree Sengupta || Bengali || - || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1969 || ''Hoyto tomari jonyo'' || Manna Dey || Bengali || ''Teen Bhubaner Pare'' || - || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 19- || ''Ja re ja re barasare'' ||Sabita Chowdhury || Bengali || || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1957 || ''Jhiri jhiri chaitali batase'' || Geeta Dutt || Bengali || Puja Album || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1967 || ''Jhum jhumke naacho re'' || Manna Dey, Mrinal Chakraborty, Chorus || Hindi|| ''Abhisapta Chambal'' || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1967 || ''Jodi akash hoto ankhi'' || Arati Mukherjee || Bengali || Puja Album || Pulak Bandopadhyay || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1957 || ''Jodi e raate tumi thako sathe'' || - || Bengali || ''Ulka'' || Gauriprasanna Mazumder and Kanu Ranjan Ghosh || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1972 || ''Jpdi prtem kore tumi'' || Manna Dey || Bengali || ''Jaban'' || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1969 || ''Jibane ki pabona'' || Manna Dey || Bengali || ''Teen Bhubaner Pare'' || - || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1986 || ''Kabe tomay dekhechhi'' || Sujata Sarkar || Bengali || - || Pulak Bandopadhyay || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1953 || ''Kato asha kato bhalobasa '' || Bechu Datta || Bengali || - || Arup Bhattacharya || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1967 || ''Katodin je khnuje gelam'' || Mrinal Chakraborty || Bengali || Puja Album || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1958 || ''Kaacher churir chhota'' || Geeta Dutt || Bengali || ''Dak Harkara'' || Tarashankar Bandopadhyay || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1960|| ''Kaachhe ese chole jao'' || Ila Basu || Bengali || Puja Album || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1956 || ''Kaajol kaajol kumkum'' || Geeta Dutt || Bengali || - || Miltoo Ghosh || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1970 || ''Kaajol lata sara janam'' || - || Bengali || ''Manjari'' Opera || Tarashankar Bandyppadhyay || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1974 || ''Kaal tahole ei samoyei'' || Shyamal Mitra || Bengali || Puja Album || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1968|| ''Kaane kane sei kothati'' || Ila Basu || Bengali || Puja Album || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1961 || ''Kaar kotha bhebe bhebe '' || || Bengali || ''Shila Lipi'' || - || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1958 || ''Kaar manjiro baaje'' || Shyamal Mitra || Bengali || Puja Album || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 19- || ''Ke jeno aamar'' || Jatileswar Mukherjee || Bengali || || Subir Hazra || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1969 || ''Ke jeno duti haate'' || Pratima Bandyopadhyay || Bengali || || Barun Bswas || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1966 || ''Ke pratham kachhe esechhi'' || Lata Mangeskar & Manna Dey || Bengali || ''Shankhabela'' || - || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1959 || ''Ke go tumi dakle amare'' || Asha Bhonsle || Bengali || ''Goli Thekey Rajpath'' || Gauriprasanna Mazumder || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1969 || ''Ke tumi nandini'' || Manna Dey || Bengali || ''Teen Bhubaner Pare'' || - || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 19- || ''Kemone taare daaki'' || Arati Mukherjee || Bengali || Akashvani Ramyageeti || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1953 || ''Keno akash hote '' || Bechu Datta || Bengali || - || Arup Bhattacharya || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1967 || ''Keno daako isharay'' || Asha Bhonsle || Bengali || ''Abhisapta Chambal'' || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1965 || ''Keno tumi phire ele'' || Shyamal Mitra || Bengali || - || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1972 || ''Keno sarbonasher nesha'' || Asha Bhonsle || Bengali || ''[[Picnic (1972 film)|Picnic]]'' || Pulak Bandopadhyay || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1965 || ''Ki bhalo laglo chokhe'' || Subir Sen || Bengali || Puja Album || Sunil Baran || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1961 || ''Ki jaadu jaane'' || Manna Dey, Geeta Dutt || Bengali || ''Pankatilak'' || - || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1967 || ''Ki naame deke'' || Shyamal Mitra || Bengali || Puja Album || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1955 || ''Klanti jodi naame'' || Supriti Ghosh || Bengali || Puja Album || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1961 || ''Kokil kande keno phagune''<ref>Viewable on YouTube: {{YouTube|TGgtuPvQkZw|Kokil Kande Keno Phagune - Sudhin Dasgupta}}; (accessed 3 March 2019)</ref> || Sudhin Dasgupta || Bengali || Puja album || Subir Hazra || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1976 || ''Kolkata'' || Amit Kumar || Bengali || ''Hangsaraj'' || Pulak Bandopadhyay || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1969 || ''Kon se alor swapna niye'' || Asha Bhonsle || Bengali || ''Prothom Kadam Phool'' || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| - || ''Kono ek chena pothe'' || Arati Mukherjee || Bengali || ''Teen Bhubaner Pare'' || Pulak Bandopadhyay || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1959 || ''Laag laag velkir khela'' || Manna Dey || Bengali || ''Goli theke raajpoth'' || Gauriprasanna Mazumder || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1958 || ''Lal pagri bedhe mathe'' || Manna Dey || Bengali || ''Dak Harkara'' || Tarashankar Bandopadhyay || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1961 || ''Lal lal chokhe dekhi eke oke''<ref>Viewable on YouTube: {{YouTube|71Pf4h9bUl0|Lal lal chokhe - Sudhin Dasgupta}}; (accessed 3 March 2019)</ref> || Sudhin Dasgupta || Bengali || Puja album || Subir Hazra || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1972 || ''Lekha porata shikey tule'' || Manna Dey || Bengali || ''Har mana har'' || Pulak Bandopadhyay || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| - || ''Lolite aagei jodi'' || Arati Mukherjee || Bengali || - || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1970 || ''Maron tomar haar holo je'' || Manna Dey || Bengali || ''Manjari'' Opera || Tarashankar Bandyppadhyay || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1959 || ''Meghla meye megheri saaj porechhe'' || Manna Dey || Bengali || Puja album || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 19- || ''Mon jodi hoy kaNcher ghor'' || Banashree Sengupta || Bengali || - || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1972 || ''Mon metechhe mon mayurir'' || Asha Bonsle || Bengali || ''[[Picnic (1972 film)|Picnic]]'' || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1958 || ''Mon re amar hay shunli na'' || Manna Dey || Bengali || ''Dak Harkara'' || Tarashankar Bandopadhyay || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1954 || ''Mor gaan shishirer khora sure go'' || Sandhya Mukherjee || Bengali || Puja Album || Sailen Roy || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1967 || ''Na bole esechhi ta bole'' || Arati Mukherjee || Bengali || Puja Album || Pulak Bandopadhyay || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1958 || ''Naach mayuri naach re'' (first Bengali song by Asha Bhonsle) || Asha Bonsle || Bengali || Puja Album || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1973 || ''Nao tumi jake ami khunjechhi'' || Manna Dey || Bengali || ''Rater Rajanigandha'' || - || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1967 || ''Naam rekhechhi banolata'' || Shyamal Mitra || Bengali || || Sudhin Dasgupta|| Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1958 || ''Neel akasher oi kole'' || Shayamal Mitra || Bengali || I956-57 || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1972 || ''Neel kagoje bujhina keno'' || Banasree Sangupta || Bengali || || Sunil Baran || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1960 || ''Neel Neel Neel'' || Hemanta Mukherjee || Bengali || - || Premendra Mitra || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1963 || ''Neer bhenge jay jaak'' || Robin Bandyopadhyay || Bengali || || Sudhin Dasgupta|| Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1955 || ''Nirjhorini jhirjhiriye'' || Supriti Ghosh || Bengali || || Paresh Dhar || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1957 || ''O amar mayur ponkhi nao'' || - || Bengali || ''Ulka'' || Gauriprasanna Mazumder and Kanu Ranjan Ghosh || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1976 || ''O babumoshai'' || Arati Mukherjee || Bengali || ''Hangsaraaj'' || Pulak Bandopadhyay || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| - || ''O chokhe amay dekona'' || Arati Mukherjee || Bengali || - || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1975 || ''O didimoni'' || Arati Mukherjee || Bengali || ''Hangsaraaj'' || Pulak Bandopadhyay || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1973 || ''O shyam jakhon takhon'' || Arati Mukherjee & Sujata Mukherjee || Bengali || ''Basanta Bilap'' || - || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1961 || ''Ore baba baro baro'' || Manna Dey || Bengali || ''Pankatilak'' || - || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 19- || ''Ogo bihanga'' || Sandhya Mukherjee || Bengali || - || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1955 || ''Ogo Sucharita'' || Dhananjay Bhattacharya || Bengali || - || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1958 || ''Ogo tomar shesh bicharer ashay'' || Manna Dey || Bengali || ''Dak Harkara'' || Tarashankar Bandopadhyay || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1954 || ''Oi meghe meghe'' || Gayatri Basu || Bengali || || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1957 || ''Oi ujjwalo din'' || Subir Sen || Bengali || || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1961 || ''Ore baba baro baro chokhhe'' || || Bengali || ''Pankatilak'' || - || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1956 || ''Otho otho Ma Gouri'' || Geeta Dutt || Bengali || - || Bhaskar Basu || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| - || ''Path nirjon chalona ekhon'' || Mrinal Chakraborty || Bengali || - || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| - || ''Paushali sondhya ghoom ghoom tandra'' || Alpana Banerjee || Bengali || - || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1968 || ''Paye paye hridoyer'' || Salil Mitra || Bengali || Akashvani Ramyageeti || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1972 || ''Paye paye joriye rakho'' || Manna Dey || Bengali || ''Har mana har'' || - || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| - || ''Phul jaage na jaage na'' || Shyamal Mitra || Bengali || Puja Album || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1958 || ''Phuler bone laglo je dol'' || Geeta Dutt || Bengali || Puja Album || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1955 || ''Phuler mato jiban'' || Tarun Bandopadhyay || Bengali || Puja Album || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1974 || ''Prem kora je eki'' || Shyamal Mitra || Bengali || Puja Album || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1972 || ''Raat ekhono anek baaki'' || Asha Bhonsle || Bengali || ''Jiban Saikate'' || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| - || ''Raatri je jay swapno phuray'' || Sachin Gupta || Bengali || || Sailen Roy || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1957 || ''Rumjhum jhum jhum'' || Sandhya Mukherjee || Bengali || Puja Album || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1958 || ''Rup sagore dub'' || Hemanta Mukherjee || Bengali || || [[Gauriprasanna Mazumder]] || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1961 || ''Rupali chaNd jhile jhilimili'' || Sandhya Mukherjee || Bengali || || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1955 || ''Rupkathi gnaye shyamoli meyeti'' || Tarun Bandopadhyay || Bengali || Puja Album || Bahskar Basu || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1975 || ''Sahartar ei golok dhaNdhay'' || Arati Mukherjee || Bengali || ''Hangsaraaj'' || Pulak Bandopadhyay || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1963 || ''Saheli rup dekhali'' || Sailen Mukhopadhyay || Bengali || Puja album || Pulak Bandyopadhyay || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1970 || ''Sajani go rajanike'' || [[Pratima Bandopadhyay]] || Bengali || Puja Album || Miltu Ghosh || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1972 || ''Samay kakhan je'' || Hemanta Mukherjee || Bengali || Puja Album || - || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1955 || ''Sandhya bela nil akasher'' || Tarun Bandyopadhyay || Bengali || ''Shajarur Kanta'' || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1967 || ''Saiya ja re jar'' || Asha Bhonsle || Bengali || ''Abhisapta Chambal'' || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1972 || ''Saagar daake ay'' || Asha Bhonsle || Bengali || ''Jiban Saikate'' || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1957 || ''Saagar theke phera'' || Hemanta Mukherjee || Bengali || Poem converted to song || Premendra Mitra || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1962 || ''Saagare tumi jaar'' || Satinath Mukherjee || Bengali || - || Pabitra Mitra || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 19- || ''Se chhilo aamar'' || Jatileswar Mukherjee || Bengali || - || Ajay Bhattacharya || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1977 || ''Shono bose chupchap'' || Manna Dey || Bengali || Hingsute Daityo || Bhaskar Bosu || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1983 || ''Shudhu ekti premer gaane'' || Arati Mukherjee || Bengali || ''Banasree'' || Pulak Bandopadhyay || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 19- || ''Sonar haate sonar kakon'' || Satinath Mukherjee || Bengali || - || Bhaskar Basu || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1957 || ''Swarno jhora suryo ronge'' || Subir Sen || Bengali || || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1962 || ''Tapur tupur sara dupur'' || Arati Mukherjee || Bengali || - || Sunil Baran || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1962 || ''Tar churite je rekhechhi'' || Manabendra Mukherjee || Bengali || - || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1969 || ''Tere liye aya hain le ke koi dil'' || Geeta Dutt || Hindi || ''Goli theke raajpoth'' || Gauriprasanna Mazumder || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 19- || ''Tomar amar thikana Padma Meghna Jamuna'' || Chorus || Bengali || - || Shibdas Bandyopadhyay || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1972 || ''Tomar deher bhongima ti'' || Manna Dey || Bengali || ''Har mana har'' || - || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1967 || ''Tomar deoya aungurio'' || [[Pratima Bandopadhyay]] || Bengali || Puja Album || Miltu Ghosh || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1965|| ''Tomar samaadhi phule phule dhaka'' || Shyamal Mitra || Bengali || ''Antaraal'' || Sunil Baran || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1958 || ''Tomare parini je bhulite'' || Talat Mahmood || Bengali || || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1957 || ''Tomare peyechhi bole'' || Shyamal Mitra || Bengali || N82743 || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1971 || ''Tomaye ekta rumal jakhon'' || Pintu Bhattacharya || Bengali || Puja Album || Barun Biswas || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1981 || ''Tomay dekhe chhobi eNke'' || Arati Mukherjee || Bengali || ''Kakhono Megh'' || Sudhin Dasgupta || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1975 || ''Tiya tiya tiya'' || Shyamasree Mazumder || Bengali || ''Hangsaraaj'' || Pulak Bandopadhyay || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1965 || ''Tumi chole jabar por'' || Shyaml Mitra || Bengali || Puja Album || Sunil Baran || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1963 || ''Tumi ele chmpa phutechhe tai'' || Mrinal Chakraborty || Bengali || Puja Album || Sudhin Dasgupta || Prasanta Choudhury
|-
| 1967 || ''Tumi je asha nodi'' || Mrinal Chakraborty || Bengali || Puja Album || - || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 1971 || ''Tumi nirjon upokule'' || Pintu Bhattacharya || Bengali || Puja Album || Barun Biswas || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
| 19- || ''Utho utho maa Gauri'' || Geeta Dutt || Bengali || Puja Album || Bhaskar Basu || Sudhin Dasgupta
|-
|}

==Memoirs==
*Manna Dey recalled his first meeting with Sudhin Dasgupta during 1959, which was published in the book, Sudhin Dasgupta - A Collection of Music Essays. During those days Manne Dey was heavily engaged in Bombay (Mumbai) Film Industry. He came down from Bombay (Mumbai) and met Sudhin for his first record in Sudhin Dasgupta's composition that contained two songs (''Ek-i onge eto rup'' and ''Meghla meye megher-i'') released by the Gramophone Company of India as Puja Album in 1959.<ref name="ajkal1">{{cite book|title=Sudhin Dasgupta - A Collection of Music Essays|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=DMvqDAAAQBAJ&q=Sudhin+Dasgupta+-+A+Collection+of+Music+Essays&pg=PT3 |publisher= Ajkal Publishers Pvt Ltd|year= 2009 |isbn=978-81-7990-082-6}}</ref> Sudhin made another daring experiment for which Bengal will be ever thankful to him. He inducted playback voice of Manna Dey in the lip of the legendary hero Uttam Kumar in the movie "''Goli theke raajpoth''" in 1959, which was never thought of before. After this successful pairing became a super hit, Manne Dey sang many famous songs in the lip of Uttam Kumar in later years. However, it was again in 1966 Manna Dey got a proposal from Sudhin Dasgupta to sing for Uttam Kumar in the Bengali film Sankyabela. "I am eternally indebted to Sudhinda for the song 'Ke Prothom Kachhe Esechhi' which started my career in Bengali films", said Manna Dey in an interview<ref name=cine >{{cite web |url= https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2018/may/1/12926/manna-dey-the-man-who-lived-for-music-birth-anniversary-special|title= Manna Dey, the man who lived for music – Birth anniversary special|date=1 May 2018|publisher=Cinestan}}</ref>..
*Dwijem Mukhopadhyay recalled that he was introduced to Sudhin Dasgupta in 1954 by Kshitish Basu of the Gramophone Company of India. Sudhin composed two songs for him. The record has two tracks: 'ভাঙা তরীর শুধু এ গান' and 'এই ছায়া ঘেরা কালো রাতে'. Later, when Salil Chowdhury was composing songs for Madhumati in Bombay, he requested Sudhin to lend him the tune of "''Ei chaya Ghera Kalo Raate''" for his new song of Madhumati. Sudhin gladly agreed, and a memorable song was created: "''Suhana Safar Yieh Mousam Hain Haseen''". Such was the friendship between Salil and Sudhin, as remembered by Dwijen Mukhopadhyay in his memoirs.<ref name="ajkal1" />
*Arun Kumar Basu, who used pseudo name Bhaskar Basu while writing and publishing lyrics of Bengali modern songs, placed Sudhin Dasgupta as one of the noted lyricists of Bengali modern songs, in his memoirs on Sudhin. The poems written by Sudhin Dasgupta could be described as the epitome of imagery poems, rich in its form, content, mood and rhythm.<ref name="ajkal1" />
*Jatileswar Mukherjee recalled his frequent visits to the house of Sudhin Dasgupta at D Gupta Lane, SiNthi, on most of the Sundays during the 1960s. Regular visitors of these ''Majlis'' were Jatileswar Mukherjee, Sukumar Mitra, Ashok Roy, Debdulal Bandyopadhyay, Ashishtaru Mukherjee, Sunil Baran, Prashanta Choudhury and Parimal Dasgupta (alias Polu, Sudhin's younger brother), among others.<ref name="ajkal1" />
*Salil Mitra, younger brother of Shyamal Mitra, vividly described various incidents showing the deep friendship between contemporary artists of that time, such as Sudhin, Shyamal, Manabendra, Subir Hazra etc., in his reminiscence. One such incident occurred on the day of the marriage of Sudhin Dasgupta with Manjushree. Lyricist Subir Hazra went to the marriage venue at Paikpara in Shyamal Mitra's car. On the way coming back after attending the party, Subir asked Shyamal to stop the car near Wellington square. After a while when Subir did not return, Shyamal got off his car and went in search of Subir, only to find him writing a song sitting on a bench in the park. The subject of the song was the newly-wed bride, Manjushree and her glamorous dress for wedding. Next day both friends went to Sudhin's house, and after the music was composed by Sudhin, a great song was recorded by Shyamal Mitra: লাল চেলি পরনে কার (''Laal cheli parone kaar'').<ref name="ajkal2">{{cite book|title= Shyamal Mitra - A Compilation of Essays|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=E83qDAAAQBAJ |publisher= Ajkal Publishers Pvt Ltd|year= 2010 |isbn=978-81-7990-115-1}}</ref>

==Awards==
[[Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards]] for best [[Bengal Film Journalists' Association – Best Music Director Award|Best Music Director]] for the film [[Picnic (1972 film)|Picnic]] (1972)

==Legacy==
[[Rabindra Bharati University]] paid homage to this him by creating an archive, where life and works of three legendary personalities of Bengal would be portrayed which includes [[Soumitra Chatterjee]], [[Salil Chowdhury]] and him.<ref name=dh>{{cite web |url= https://www.deccanherald.com/content/643537/paying-tributes-tagores-family.html |title= Paying tributes to Tagore's family|date=18 November 2018|work=Deccan Herald}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dasgupta, Sudhin}}
[[Category:1929 births]]
[[Category:1982 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian male musicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian musicians]]
[[Category:20th-century male musicians]]
[[Category:Musicians from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Bengali musicians]]

Bruce Lee: The Fighter

2026-05-02T17:49:35Z

Shamimulislam: made the info needs work!

{{short description|2015 Indian film by Sreenu Vaitla}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Bruce Lee: The Fighter
| image = Bruce Lee The Fighter.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Sreenu Vaitla]]
| screenplay = Sreenu Vaitla
| producer = [[D. V. V. Danayya]]
| story = {{plainlist|
*Sreenu Vaitla
*[[Kona Venkat]]
*[[Gopimohan]]
}}
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Ram Charan]]
*[[Arun Vijay]]
*[[Rakul Preet Singh]]
*[[Kriti Kharbanda]]
*[[Sampath Raj]]
*[[Nadhiya]]
}}
| music = [[S. Thaman]]
| cinematography = [[Manoj Paramahamsa]]
| editing = M. R. Varma
| studio = [[DVV Entertainments]]
| released = {{Film date|2015|09|11|df=y}}
| runtime = 155 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget = ₹62 crore
| gross = ₹60 crore
}}

'''''Bruce Lee: The Fighter''''' is a 2015 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action comedy]] film directed by [[Sreenu Vaitla]] and produced by [[D. V. V. Danayya]] under [[DVV Entertainments]]. The film stars [[Ram Charan]], alongside [[Arun Vijay]], [[Rakul Preet Singh]], [[Kriti Kharbanda]], [[Sampath Raj]] and [[Nadhiya]]. The music was composed by [[S. Thaman]], while the cinematography and editing were handled by [[Manoj Paramahamsa]] and M. R. Varma. In the film, Karthik, a [[Stunt performer|stuntman]], is mistaken for a cop, where he helps to unearth the schemes of Deepak Raj, a drug peddler and his father Jayaraj.

Srinu Vaitla narrated the script to Charan in March 2014, and planned to work on the story post the release of ''[[Aagadu]]''. The film was launched on 5 March 2015, and the principal photography of the film took place on 16 March 2015, which was started on 6 October 2014. Filmed across [[Hyderabad]], [[Spain]] and [[Bangkok]], The film was shot in 110 working days with 15 working hours per day.<ref>{{cite news|last=Jonnalagadda|first=Pranitha|date=6 December 2014|title=Bruce Lee had a 70-day non-stop shoot schedule!|newspaper=The Times of India|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Bruce-Lee-had-a-70-day-non-stop-shoot-schedule/articleshow/49244529.cms|url-status=dead|access-date=7 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007010148/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Bruce-Lee-had-a-70-day-non-stop-shoot-schedule/articleshow/49244529.cms|archive-date=7 October 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

''Bruce Lee: The Fighter'' was released on 11 September 2014, during the festival of [[Navaratri]], to negative reviews from critics and became a [[box-office bomb]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2015-10-27 |title='Bruce Lee - The Fighter' (BLTF) 10-day box office collection: Ram Charan film fares badly in 2nd weekend |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/bruce-lee-fighter-bltf-10-day-box-office-collection-ram-charan-film-fares-badly-2nd-weekend-652108 |access-date=2021-01-09 |website=www.ibtimes.co.in |language=en}}</ref> One of the [[Subplot|sub-plots]] of the film where Karthik (Ram Charan) is mistaken for a cop by Ria (Rakul Preet Singh) was reportedly inspired from the 2006 French film ''[[The Valet (2006 film)|The Valet]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kavirayani |first=Suresh |date=2017-01-30 |title=Copycats in Tollywood |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/300117/copycats-in-tollywood.html |access-date=2022-06-25 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref> The film was remade in Bangladesh as ''[[Beporowa]]'' and remains Kriti Kharbanda's last Telugu film till date.

== Plot ==
Karthik and Kavya are the children of Rama Chandra Rao. Rama Chandra Rao wants to make Karthik as an [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS officer]]. The only problem is that Kavya wants to become a collector as well, but Rama Chandra Rao cannot afford to pay for both of their studies. Because of this, Karthik sacrifices his exams so that his sister can join [[Delhi Public School Society|Delhi Public School]] in order to become a collector.

Years later, Karthik aka ''Bruce Lee'' is a [[stunt performer]] working under Dangerous David, and Kavya is studying for [[Civil Service Examination|CSE Exam]]. Once, Karthik goes in the middle of a shoot to a hotel to save his friend's sister, who was being kidnapped. Ria is a game designer, who came there to meet a [[police officer|cop]] for marriage sees Karthik in his police costume and mistakes him for a cop. She becomes his fan and rejects the other cop, as he is corrupt.

Some days later, Karthik finds out that Ria uploaded the video of him fighting in a police costume on [[Facebook]]. When he goes to meet her, he falls for her and finds out that she is designing a video game called ''Super Cop'' based on him. From then on, Ria spends time with him continuously, while Karthik is still afraid of revealing his identity as he fears that she might leave him. Meanwhile, a terrorist attack occurs in a hotel where Karthik's cousin brother Ravi finds evidence to prove that it was not a terrorist attack but an attempt to kill two IB officers by a drug peddler named Deepak Raj.

Ravi goes to [[Commissioner]] Marthand, but Marthand is actually in cahoots with Deepak, who knocks Ravi unconscious. Ria keeps getting Karthik into fights thinking that he is an [[secret police|undercover cop]]. Kavya writes her final exams needed and while she is returning, Deepak drugs her forcefully and arrests her to trick Ram Gopal to think that the kidnapped girl was his daughter. Karthik learns of the incident and thrashes up Deepak, sending him into a coma and returns in time for Kavya's engagement with Rahul, the son of Jayaraj and Vasundhara who are bosses of Rama Chandra Rao.

It is revealed that Deepak is the first son of Jayaraj with an unofficial wife, Malini. Later, Ria takes Karthik to meet her family and father is IB Chief Bharadwaj, who knows Karthik's identity and reveals Jayaraj's background to Karthik where they start a mission to bust and capture Jayaraj and Deepak. Following the plan, he joins Jayaraj's company as his assistant and uses Suzuki Subramanyam, an undercover cop, to reveal Jayaraj's secrets to Vasundhara, causing her to leave him. During Kavya's marriage, Karthik and Bharadwaj gathers evidence against Jayaraj-Deepak with Ravi's help (who was rescued by the officials).

Karthik reveals to Ria about his real identity, who forgives him and they reunite. Meanwhile, Deepak captures and shoots Karthik and orders their henchmen to pack him in a [[plastic bag]] and drop him on a nearby canal. His henchman carries out his order. Later, Jayaraj, with his men, tries to kill Vasundhara, Rahul and Kavya. Karthik arrives and reveals that he was aware of all of Deepak's plans, Because they had replaced G. Ramji, a corrupt inspector who is David's lookalike with David himself. Karthik was actually wearing a [[bulletproof vest]] and blood bombs in the shirt.

Deepak's shots caused the bombs to burst and also had escaped from the plastic bag. In the ensuring fight, Karthik kills Deepak and takes his body to Jayaraj, revealing his identity. Driven by vengeance, Jayaraj kidnaps Ria and stabs Rama Chandra Rao in front of him after he tells all about Karthik's sacrifices for his family. Karthik admits Ramachandra to the hospital and calls actor [[Chiranjeevi]] for help, who is busy filming ''[[Khaidi No. 150]]''. Chiranjeevi arrives and thrashes up the goons and saves Ria. In the meantime, Suzuki arrests Jayaraj, finishing his last mission before he retires. During a celebration, Ria asks Karthik to fill up a form and become an actual police officer, to which everyone starts laughing.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Ram Charan]] as Karthik alias Bruce Lee
* [[Arun Vijay]] as Deepak Raj
* [[Rakul Preet Singh|Rakul Preet]] as Ria Bharadwaj
* [[Kriti Kharbanda]] as Kavya, Karthik's sister
* [[Sampath Raj]] as Jayaraj, Deepak's father
* [[Nadhiya]] as Vasundhara (Jayaraj’s second Wife)
* [[Rao Ramesh]] as Rama Chandra Rao, Bruce Lee and Kavya's father
* [[Pavitra Lokesh]] as Karthik and Kavya's mother
* [[Mukesh Rishi]] as [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|IB]] Chief Bharadwaj, Ria’s father
* [[Amitash Pradhaan]] as Rahul, Vasundhara's son
* [[Brahmanandam]] as Suzuki Subramanyam (IB Officer) aka Peter aka Pakoda aka Tukaram
* [[Tisca Chopra]] as Malini (Jayaraj's first wife)
* [[Jaya Prakash Reddy]] as Dangerous David and [[Inspector]] G. Ramji (dual role)
* [[Ali (actor)|Ali Basha]] as [[PK (film)|PK]]
* [[Sayaji Shinde]] as Marthand
* [[Ravi Prakash (Telugu actor)|Ravi Prakash]] as Ravi Prakash DCP (IB), Karthik's elder cousin brother
* [[Tanikella Bharani]] as Ravi's father and Rama Chandra Rao's Big brother
* [[Naga Babu]] as Judge Ram Bhoopal, cameo appearance
* [[Brahmaji]] as 'Blockbuster' Bramhaji
* [[Posani Krishna Murali]] as Maccha Muthyam, Jayaraj's PA
* [[Saptagiri (Telugu actor)|Saptagiri]] as Bruce Lee's friend
* [[Pradeep Machiraju]] as Bruce Lee's friend
* [[Vennela Kishore]] as Uganda Yugendhar, Malini’s younger brother
* [[Prudhviraj (Telugu actor)|Prudhviraj]] as Mani Ratnam, Vasundhara's PA
* [[Harsha Vardhan]] as Ria's uncle
* [[Raghu Karumanchi]] as Bruce Lee's friend
* [[Nagineedu]] as Karthik's uncle
* Samrat Reddy as Saketh
* [[Bharath Reddy (actor)|Bharath Reddy]] as Jayaraj's henchman
* [[Satya Akkala|Satya]] as Bruce Lee's friend
* [[Venu Yeldandi]] as Bruce Lee's friend
* [[Satyam Rajesh]] as Babu Rao
* [[Shakalaka Shankar]] as Director Garapathi
* [[Satya Prakash (actor)|Sathya Prakash]] as Jayaraj's henchman
* [[Vamsi Krishna]] as Jayaraj's henchman
* Temper Vamsi as Tiger Bhai (gangster)
* [[Ajaz Khan]] as mass attacker ([[cameo appearance]])
* [[Chiranjeevi]] as himself ([[cameo appearance]])
}}

== Production ==

=== Development ===
[[Sreenu Vaitla]] narrated a storyline to [[Ram Charan]] in late March 2014 and post the latter's approval, Vaitla planned to start work on the film's script after completing ''[[Aagadu]]'' (2014).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news-interviews/Sreenu-Vaitla-to-direct-Ram-Charan/articleshow/32555204.cms|title=Sreenu Vaitla to direct Ram Charan|last=A. S.|first=Sashidhar|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=23 March 2014|access-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316072538/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Sreenu-Vaitla-to-direct-Ram-Charan/articleshow/32555204.cms|archive-date=16 March 2015}}</ref> [[D. V. V. Danayya]], who produced Ram Charan's ''[[Naayak]]'' (2013), announced in late July 2014 that he would produce this film under the banner Universal Media and the pre-production works would begin soon. The production was expected to start in November 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Ram-Charans-new-film-to-begin-from-Nov/articleshow/38791190.cms|title=Ram Charan's new film to begin from Nov|newspaper=The Times of India|date=21 July 2014|access-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316072429/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Ram-Charans-new-film-to-begin-from-Nov/articleshow/38791190.cms|archive-date=16 March 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The film was shelved post the release of ''Aagadu'' and was revived in late October 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/cherry-vaitla-film-to-go-on-floors-soon-news-telugu-ok5knebdccdej.html|title=Cherry-Vaitla film to go on floors soon!|website=[[Sify]]|date=31 October 2014|access-date=16 March 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316080544/http://www.sify.com/movies/cherry-vaitla-film-to-go-on-floors-soon-news-telugu-ok5knebdccdej.html|archive-date=16 March 2015}}</ref> After returning from a holiday in Kerala, Charan gave his nod in early December 2014 and Vaitla was busy giving final touches to the script which was said to be a fast-paced action comedy.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Ram-Charan-Srinu-Vaitla-film-on/articleshow/45349071.cms|title=Ram Charan - Srinu Vaitla film on|last=A. S.|first=Sashidhar|newspaper=The Times of India|date=4 December 2014|access-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316072417/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Ram-Charan-Srinu-Vaitla-film-on/articleshow/45349071.cms|archive-date=16 March 2015}}</ref>

Charan informed the media that the film's production would commence in February 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/ram-charan-commences-new-film-in-february-news-telugu-omekSOcbgbgjj.html|title=Ram Charan commences new film in February|website=[[Sify]]|date=4 December 2014|access-date=16 March 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316080630/http://www.sify.com/movies/ram-charan-commences-new-film-in-february-news-telugu-omekSOcbgbgjj.html|archive-date=16 March 2015}}</ref> ''My Name is Raju'', a phrase picked up from the popular song of ''[[Jagadeka Veerudu Athiloka Sundari]]'' (1990) starring [[Chiranjeevi]] and [[Sridevi]], was considered as the film's title.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Ram-Charans-film-gets-a-title/articleshow/45952977.cms|title=Ram Charan's film gets a title?|newspaper=The Times of India|date=20 January 2015|access-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316072642/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Ram-Charans-film-gets-a-title/articleshow/45952977.cms|archive-date=16 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/ram-charan-says-my-name-is-raju-news-telugu-pbwujlbbeaffc.html|title=Ram Charan says 'My Name Is Raju'|website=[[Sify]]|date=22 January 2015|access-date=16 March 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316080709/http://www.sify.com/movies/ram-charan-says-my-name-is-raju-news-telugu-pbwujlbbeaffc.html|archive-date=16 March 2015}}</ref> The makers announced that the film would be a family drama and would be bankrolled by Danayya under his new banner DVV Entertainments.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/Ram-Charan---Sreenu-Vaitla-Movie-Release-Date-telugu-news-125625|title=Ram Charan - Sreenu Vaitla movie release date|website=IndiaGlitz|date=16 February 2015|access-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316072639/http://www.indiaglitz.com/Ram-Charan---Sreenu-Vaitla-Movie-Release-Date-telugu-news-125625|archive-date=16 March 2015}}</ref> The film was launched officially on 5 March 2015 at Danayya's office in Hyderabad.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/ram-charan-rakul-preets-next-launched-chiranjeevi-sreenu-vaitla-others-attend-puja-ceremony-625279|title=Ram Charan-Rakul Preet's Next Launched; Chiranjeevi, Sreenu Vaitla and Others Attend Puja Ceremony [PHOTOS]|last=James|first=Anu|newspaper=[[International Business Times|International Business Times India]]|date=5 March 2015|access-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316072914/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/ram-charan-rakul-preets-next-launched-chiranjeevi-sreenu-vaitla-others-attend-puja-ceremony-625279|archive-date=16 March 2015}}</ref> The film was said to have been inspired from the plot of the Telugu film ''[[Vijetha (1985 film)|Vijetha]]'' (1985).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2015/ram-charan-srinu-vaitla-s-story-inspired-from-old-hit-chiranjeevi-rakul-preet-180037.html|title=Leaked: Ram Charan-Sreenu Vaitla's Story Inspired From Old Hit?|last=Anjuri|first=Pravallika|publisher=Oneindia Entertainment|date=15 April 2015|access-date=15 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415075956/http://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2015/ram-charan-srinu-vaitla-s-story-inspired-from-old-hit-chiranjeevi-rakul-preet-180037.html|archive-date=15 April 2015}}</ref> The makers contemplated to title the film as ''Bruce Lee'' in mid May 2015 considering the protagonist's character being a stuntman acting as a body double for actors,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150514/entertainment-tollywood/article/cherry-now-%E2%80%98bruce-lee%E2%80%99|title=Cherry now as 'Bruce Lee?'|newspaper=Deccan Chronicle|date=14 May 2015|access-date=15 May 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150515082724/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/150514/entertainment-tollywood/article/cherry-now-%E2%80%98bruce-lee%E2%80%99|archive-date=15 May 2015}}</ref> which was confirmed in late August 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/ram-charan-bruce-lee-first-look-poster-telugu-news-140925.html|title=Ram Charan's 'Bruce Lee' first look Poster|website=IndiaGlitz|date=28 August 2015|access-date=30 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150830152234/http://www.indiaglitz.com/ram-charan-bruce-lee-first-look-poster-telugu-news-140925.html|archive-date=30 August 2015}}</ref>

=== Casting ===
{{multiple image

| align = right
| direction = horizontal
| footer = [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu]] (left) was initially considered for one of the female lead roles, but [[Rakul Preet Singh]] (right) ended up being engaged for the same.
| width =


| image1 = Samantha_At_The_Irumbu_Thirai_Trailer_Launch.jpg
| width1 = 150
| alt1 =
| caption1 =


| image2 = Rakul_Preet_Singh_snapped_at_Femina_Miss_India_2018_at_Carnival_Cinemas_(05)_(cropped).jpg
| width2 = 150
| alt2 =
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Post the release of ''[[1: Nenokkadine]]'' (2014) and before the release of ''[[Lingaa]]'' (2014), its female leads [[Kriti Sanon]] and [[Sonakshi Sinha]] were rumored to sign this film as the female leads.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/Sanon-makes-a-splash/articleshow/34544142.cms|title=Sanon makes a splash|last=Kamal|first=S. S.|publisher=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|date=2 May 2014|access-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316074846/http://www.bangaloremirror.com/entertainment/south-masala/Sanon-makes-a-splash/articleshow/34544142.cms|archive-date=16 March 2015|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/Bollywood-Actress-To-Pair-Up-With-Ram-Charan-telugu-news-120643|title=Bollywood actress to pair up with Ram Charan|website=IndiaGlitz|date=10 December 2014|access-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316074855/http://www.indiaglitz.com/Bollywood-Actress-To-Pair-Up-With-Ram-Charan-telugu-news-120643|archive-date=16 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2014/sonakshi-sinha-to-make-her-telugu-debut-opposite-ram-charan-167303.html|title=Sonakshi Sinha To Make Her Telugu Debut Opposite Ram Charan?|author=Veena|publisher=Oneindia Entertainment|date=11 December 2014|access-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316075031/http://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2014/sonakshi-sinha-to-make-her-telugu-debut-opposite-ram-charan-167303.html|archive-date=16 March 2015}}</ref> [[Shruti Haasan]] was approached in late July 2014 to play the female lead.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news-interviews/Shruti-Haasan-to-pair-up-again-with-Ram-Charan/articleshow/38996079.cms|title=Shruti Haasan to pair up again with Ram Charan?|last=Pasupulate|first=Karthik|newspaper=The Times of India|date=25 July 2014|access-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316075237/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Shruti-Haasan-to-pair-up-again-with-Ram-Charan/articleshow/38996079.cms|archive-date=16 March 2015}}</ref> Her inclusion was almost confirmed, considering her previous collaboration with Charan in ''[[Yevadu]]'' (2014).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Entertainment/Telugu/Movies/News/Shruti-Haasan-to-romance-Ram-Charan-again/articleshow/40316686.cms|title=Shruti Haasan to romance Ram Charan again|last=A. S.|first=Sashidhar|newspaper=The Times of India|date=16 August 2014|access-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316075200/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Entertainment/Telugu/Movies/News/Shruti-Haasan-to-romance-Ram-Charan-again/articleshow/40316686.cms|archive-date=16 March 2015}}</ref> Both [[D. V. V. Danayya]] and Ram Charan reportedly insisted Vaitla to cast [[Prakash Raj]] in a crucial role with whom Vaitla had differences in the past.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/141218/entertainment-tollywood/article/prakash-raj-srinu-vaitla-forced-patch|title=Prakash Raj, Srinu Vaitla forced to patch up|last=Kavirayani|first=Suresh|newspaper=Deccan Chronicle|date=18 December 2014|access-date=16 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316075141/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/141218/entertainment-tollywood/article/prakash-raj-srinu-vaitla-forced-patch|archive-date=16 March 2015}}</ref> A source from the film's unit told [[Indo-Asian News Service]] on 1 January 2015 that [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu]] was finalised as one of the female leads and the second female lead was yet to be decided.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Samantha-to-romance-Ram-Charan/articleshow/45717035.cms|title=Samantha in Ram Charan's next?|via=[[Indo-Asian News Service]]|newspaper=The Times of India|date=1 January 2015|access-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316075139/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Samantha-to-romance-Ram-Charan/articleshow/45717035.cms|archive-date=16 March 2015}}</ref>

Vaitla was reported to abstain from casting [[Brahmanandam]] in this film making it his fourth film not featuring Brahmanandam after ''[[Nee Kosam]]'' (1999), ''[[Sontham (2002 film)|Sontham]]'' (2002) and ''[[Anandamanandamaye]]'' (2004).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/Is-Sreenu-Vaitla-Really-Doing-It--telugu-news-124077|title=Is Sreenu Vaitla really doing it ?|website=IndiaGlitz|date=27 January 2015|access-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316075619/http://www.indiaglitz.com/Is-Sreenu-Vaitla-Really-Doing-It--telugu-news-124077|archive-date=16 March 2015}}</ref> Gopimohan later confirmed Brahmanandam's inclusion in the film adding that the character written for him would be one of the highlights of the film.<ref name="Gopimohan">{{cite web|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2015/kona-venkat-and-gopi-mahan-have-all-praises-for-ram-charan-172569.html|title=Kona Venkat & Gopi Mohan Have All Praises For Ram Charan!|last=Anjuri|first=Pravallika|publisher=Oneindia Entertainment|date=2 February 2015|access-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316075618/http://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2015/kona-venkat-and-gopi-mahan-have-all-praises-for-ram-charan-172569.html|archive-date=16 March 2015}}</ref> Vaitla reportedly wanted to re-shoot Brahmanandam's scenes with [[N. Santhanam]] for the Tamil dubbed version similar to the act of [[S. S. Rajamouli]] for the casting of ''[[Eega]]'' (2012) as Chiranjeevi suggested to replace Brahmanandam with Santhanam.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/Sreenu-Vaitla-To-Follow-Rajamouli-For-Ram-Charans-Movie-telugu-news-124713|title=Sreenu Vaitla to follow Rajamouli for Ram Charan's movie|website=IndiaGlitz|date=4 February 2015|access-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316075627/http://www.indiaglitz.com/Sreenu-Vaitla-To-Follow-Rajamouli-For-Ram-Charans-Movie-telugu-news-124713|archive-date=16 March 2015}}</ref>

Samantha was replaced by [[Rakul Preet Singh]] at the same time. While the lack of dates to accommodate was cited as one reason,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150208/entertainment-tollywood/article/rakul-preet-singh%E2%80%99s-next-ram-charan|title=Rakul Preet Singh's next with Ram Charan?|last=Kavirayani|first=Suresh|newspaper=Deccan Chronicle|date=8 February 2015|access-date=16 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316080002/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/150208/entertainment-tollywood/article/rakul-preet-singh%E2%80%99s-next-ram-charan|archive-date=16 March 2015}}</ref> budgetary reasons were cited as the other reason.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Rakul-replaces-Samantha-in-Charans-film/articleshow/46155219.cms|title=Rakul replaces Samantha in Charan's film|last=A. S.|first=Sashidhar|newspaper=The Times of India|date=8 February 2015|access-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316080000/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Rakul-replaces-Samantha-in-Charans-film/articleshow/46155219.cms|archive-date=16 March 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Vaitla considered [[Ramya Krishnan]], [[Tulasi (actress)|Tulasi]] and [[Jeevitha]] from Telugu cinema and also searched for yesteryear heroines in Tamil and Kannada cinema for the role of Charan's mother which was very crucial for the film's story.<ref name="mother">{{cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/No-glam-mom-yet-for-Cherry/articleshow/46303896.cms|title=No (glam) mom yet for Cherry|last=Kamal|first=S. S.|publisher=Bangalore Mirror|date=19 February 2015|access-date=16 March 2015}}</ref> [[Kriti Kharbanda]] made a comeback to Telugu cinema with this film after the makers narrated her character sketch and the film's story.<ref name="Kriti K">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Kriti-to-play-Ram-Charans-sister/articleshow/46368346.cms|title=Kriti to play Ram Charan's sister|last=A. S.|first=Sashidhar|newspaper=The Times of India|date=26 February 2015|access-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316075957/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Kriti-to-play-Ram-Charans-sister/articleshow/46368346.cms|archive-date=16 March 2015}}</ref> The second female lead was yet to be finalised.<ref name="Danayya KK">{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150226/entertainment-tollywood/article/kriti-makes-comeback-tollywood-ram-charan%E2%80%99s-sister|title=Kriti makes a comeback in Tollywood as Ram Charan's sister|newspaper=Deccan Chronicle|date=26 February 2015|access-date=16 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316080131/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/150226/entertainment-tollywood/article/kriti-makes-comeback-tollywood-ram-charan%E2%80%99s-sister|archive-date=16 March 2015}}</ref> [[Nadhiya]] and [[Kashmera Shah]] were confirmed as a part of the film's cast in early June 2015.<ref name="Jun 3 sch">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/ram-charan-sreenu-vaitla-film-hyderabad-schedule-starts-telugu-news-134396.html|title=Ram Charan Sreenu Vaitla film Hyderabad schedule starts|website=IndiaGlitz|date=3 June 2015|access-date=3 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150603152916/http://www.indiaglitz.com/ram-charan-sreenu-vaitla-film-hyderabad-schedule-starts-telugu-news-134396.html|archive-date=3 June 2015}}</ref> Impressed by his performance in ''[[Velaiilla Pattadhari]]'' (2014), the makers cast [[Amitash Pradhaan]] to play a supporting role marking his Telugu debut.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/amitash-pradhan-in-ram-charan-s-next-115061600232_1.html|title=Amitash Pradhan in Ram Charan's next|via=Indo-Asian News Service|newspaper=[[Business Standard]]|date=16 June 2015|access-date=16 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150616065338/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/amitash-pradhan-in-ram-charan-s-next-115061600232_1.html|archive-date=16 June 2015}}</ref> Similarly, Tamil actor [[Arun Vijay]] was chosen to play the film's lead antagonist making his debut in Telugu after the makers were impressed with his performance in ''[[Yennai Arindhaal]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/arun-vijay-turns-villain/article7418575.ece|title=Arun Vijay turns villain|last=Ramanujam|first=Srinivasa|newspaper=The Hindu|date=14 July 2015|access-date=16 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714045342/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/arun-vijay-turns-villain/article7418575.ece|archive-date=14 July 2015}}</ref> [[Brahmaji]]{{'s}} inclusion in the film's cast was confirmed in late June 2015.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150624/entertainment-tollywood/article/brahmaji-gets-one-more-good-role|title=Brahmaji gets one more good role|last=Kavirayani|first=Suresh|newspaper=Deccan Chronicle|date=24 June 2015|access-date=24 June 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624010336/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/150624/entertainment-tollywood/article/brahmaji-gets-one-more-good-role|archive-date=24 June 2015}}</ref> Rao Ramesh confirmed his inclusion in the film's cast in early August 2015 before leaving for [[Bangkok]] for the film's shoot.<ref name="Rao Ramesh">{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150803/entertainment-tollywood/article/rao-ramesh%E2%80%99s-%E2%80%98best-phase%E2%80%99|title=Rao Ramesh's 'best phase'|last=Kavirayani|first=Suresh|newspaper=Deccan Chronicle|date=3 August 2015|access-date=4 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150804011610/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/150803/entertainment-tollywood/article/rao-ramesh%E2%80%99s-%E2%80%98best-phase%E2%80%99|archive-date=4 August 2015}}</ref> Days later, [[Prudhviraj (Telugu actor)|Prudhviraj]] confirmed his inclusion in the film's cast.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150805/entertainment-tollywood/article/it%E2%80%99s-not-been-easy-journey-prudhviraj|title=It's not been an easy journey: Prudhviraj|last=Kavirayani|first=Suresh|newspaper=Deccan Chronicle|date=5 August 2015|access-date=6 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150806075226/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/150805/entertainment-tollywood/article/it%E2%80%99s-not-been-easy-journey-prudhviraj|archive-date=6 August 2015}}</ref> On 20 August 2015, Vaitla confirmed that Chiranjeevi would make a [[cameo appearance]] in the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/its-official-chiranjeevi-in-ram-charan-sreenu-vaitla-film-telugu-news-140351.html|title=It's official : Chiranjeevi in Ram Charan - Sreenu Vaitla film|website=IndiaGlitz|date=20 August 2015|access-date=21 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821012414/http://www.indiaglitz.com/its-official-chiranjeevi-in-ram-charan-sreenu-vaitla-film-telugu-news-140351.html|archive-date=21 August 2015}}</ref> He added that Chiranjeevi would appear for fifteen minutes in the film.<ref name="Chiru 15">{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/chiranjeevi-makes-15-minute-cameo-in-sons-next-film/|title=Chiranjeevi makes 15-minute cameo in son Ram Charan's next film|via=Indo-Asian News Service|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=23 August 2015|access-date=23 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150823142825/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/chiranjeevi-makes-15-minute-cameo-in-sons-next-film/|archive-date=23 August 2015}}</ref> [[Tisca Chopra]] was signed to play a supporting role marking her debut in Telugu cinema.<ref name="Tisca">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Tisca-begins-her-T-wood-innings-with-Cherrys-next/articleshow/48934420.cms|title=Tisca begins her T-wood innings with Cherry's next|last=K.|first=Samyuktha|newspaper=The Times of India|date=12 September 2015|access-date=13 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913051913/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Tisca-begins-her-T-wood-innings-with-Cherrys-next/articleshow/48934420.cms|archive-date=13 September 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

=== Characters ===
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Charan hired [[Priyanka Chopra]]'s trainer Samir Jaura in mid-July 2014 to get into shape for this film by following an intensive training program designed by Jaura lasting for four-five months along with a strict diet. Jaura reached Hyderabad and accompanied Charan to the film sets where he worked out before or after the shoot of ''[[Govindudu Andarivadele]]'' (2014).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140718/entertainment-tollywood/article/ram-charan-gets-priyanka-chopra%E2%80%99s-trainer|title=Ram Charan gets Priyanka Chopra's trainer|last=S. Thakkar|first=Mehul|newspaper=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=18 July 2014|access-date=16 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316074850/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140718/entertainment-tollywood/article/ram-charan-gets-priyanka-chopra%E2%80%99s-trainer|archive-date=16 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Ram-Charan-to-work-with-Priyanka-Chopras-trainer/articleshow/38672123.cms|title=Ram Charan to work with Priyanka Chopra's trainer|newspaper=The Times of India|date=19 July 2014|access-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316074856/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Ram-Charan-to-work-with-Priyanka-Chopras-trainer/articleshow/38672123.cms|archive-date=16 March 2015}}</ref> Vaitla said in an interview that he wanted to put Charan's comic skills to the fore with this film, adding that the film would have a "good blend of humour and punch dialogues".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Ram-Charans-comic-skills-to-the-fore/articleshow/46476857.cms|title=Ram Charan's comic skills to the fore|last=A. S.|first=Sashidhar|newspaper=The Times of India|date=6 March 2015|access-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316080129/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Ram-Charans-comic-skills-to-the-fore/articleshow/46476857.cms|archive-date=16 March 2015}}</ref>

He was later confirmed to be seen as an action choreographer sporting a rugged look for which he had to shed weight by following a tough fitness regimen for four hours a day at his farmhouse in Bangalore.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Ram-Charan-turns-Stuntman/articleshow/46710247.cms|title=Ram Charan turns Stuntman|last=A. S.|first=Sashidhar|newspaper=The Times of India|date=27 March 2015|access-date=27 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150327073659/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Ram-Charan-turns-Stuntman/articleshow/46710247.cms|archive-date=27 March 2015}}</ref> For further training, he left to [[Bangkok]] in mid April 2015 where he trained with Jaika stunt team.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2015/ram-charan-sweating-it-out-in-bangkok-180090.html|title=Check Out: Ram Charan Sweating It Out In Bangkok|last=Anjuri|first=Pravallika|publisher=Oneindia Entertainment|date=15 April 2015|access-date=15 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415080936/http://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2015/ram-charan-sweating-it-out-in-bangkok-180090.html|archive-date=15 April 2015}}</ref> Action choreographer Kecha Khamphakdee supervised his training which consisted mainly of mixed martial arts.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Ram-Charan-heads-to-Bangkok-to-learn-mixed-martial-arts/articleshow/46933618.cms|title=Ram Charan heads to Bangkok to learn mixed martial arts|last=Kumar|first=Hemanth|newspaper=The Times of India|date=15 April 2015|access-date=16 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416125701/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Ram-Charan-heads-to-Bangkok-to-learn-mixed-martial-arts/articleshow/46933618.cms|archive-date=16 April 2015}}</ref> Videos showing Charan's kick boxing training sessions were released by Jaika Stunt team on 23 April 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2015/ram-charan-kick-boxing-video-going-viral-181000.html|title=Check Out: Ram Charan Kick Boxing Video Going Viral|last=Anjuri|first=Pravallika|publisher=Oneindia Entertainment|date=23 April 2015|access-date=23 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423163257/http://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2015/ram-charan-kick-boxing-video-going-viral-181000.html|archive-date=23 April 2015}}</ref> He also began learning [[Karate]] for his role since mid May 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/ram-charan-to-learn-karate-telugu-news-132798.html|title=Ram Charan to learn Karate|website=IndiaGlitz|date=15 May 2015|access-date=15 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150515083013/http://www.indiaglitz.com/ram-charan-to-learn-karate-telugu-news-132798.html|archive-date=15 May 2015}}</ref> For the role, he sported a tattoo of [[Bruce Lee]] on his hand.<ref name="Chiru 15"/>

[[Kriti Kharbanda]] was signed in on to play Charan's sister in the film.<ref name="Kriti K"/> Danayya said that her character would be an important one in the film.<ref name="Danayya KK"/> She said in an interview that she would play a courageous girl-next-door and added that she was asked by Vaitla to be herself and extremely talkative.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Kriti-Kharbanda-is-excited-about-her-film-with-Ram-Charan/articleshow/47001435.cms|title=Kriti Kharbanda is excited about her film with Ram Charan|last=Kumar|first=Hemanth|newspaper=The Times of India|date=21 April 2015|access-date=23 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423163036/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Kriti-Kharbanda-is-excited-about-her-film-with-Ram-Charan/articleshow/47001435.cms|archive-date=23 April 2015}}</ref> Vaitla envisioned a middle aged woman running a manufacturing firm as Charan's mother in the film.<ref name="mother"/> Amitash Pradhan was signed to play a businessman. While Nadhiya plays his mother, Kriti would play his love interest. He added that his role would be a positive one, unlike his character in ''Velaiyilla Pattathari''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Amitash-heads-to-Tollywood/articleshow/47675838.cms|title=Amitash heads to Tollywood|last=Ravi|first=Nandita|newspaper=The Times of India|date=16 June 2015|access-date=16 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150616064935/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Amitash-heads-to-Tollywood/articleshow/47675838.cms|archive-date=16 June 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Brahmaji would play the role of a lead actor sporting different attires throughout the film to whom Charan would be seen as a body double sporting the same attires.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150715/entertainment-tollywood/article/brahmaji-hero|title=Brahmaji, the hero|last=Kavirayani|first=Suresh|newspaper=Deccan Chronicle|date=15 July 2015|access-date=16 July 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150716040911/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/150715/entertainment-tollywood/article/brahmaji-hero|archive-date=16 July 2015}}</ref> Arun Vijay called his character a powerful one and would sport a stylish look.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Arun-Vijay-to-play-villain-in-Twood-debut/articleshow/48053114.cms|title=Arun Vijay to play villain in T'wood debut|last=C. R.|first=Sharanya|newspaper=The Times of India|date=14 July 2015|access-date=16 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150716042247/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Arun-Vijay-to-play-villain-in-Twood-debut/articleshow/48053114.cms|archive-date=16 July 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Rao Ramesh played the role of Charan's father in the film.<ref name="Rao Ramesh"/> During the promotions of ''[[Kick 2]]'' (2015), Rakul Preet Singh said that she would play the role of a [[graphic designer]] in this film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/2015-08-28/I-asked-my-mother-to-look-somewhere-else-when-I-shot-the-lip-lock-scene-173007|title=I asked my mother to look somewhere else when I shot the lip-lock scene|publisher=The Hans India|date=28 August 2015|access-date=28 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828153920/http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/2015-08-28/I-asked-my-mother-to-look-somewhere-else-when-I-shot-the-lip-lock-scene-173007|archive-date=28 August 2015}}</ref> Chopra was signed to play the role of a "strong woman, a very wealthy and stylish one at that".<ref name="Tisca"/>

=== Crew ===
Vaitla was rumored to collaborate with the writer duo [[Kona Venkat]]-[[Gopimohan]] for this film with whom he had differences in the past.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news-interviews/Kona-Gopi-to-patch-up-with-Sreenu-Vaitla/articleshow/32606364.cms|title=Kona, Gopi to patch up with Sreenu Vaitla?|newspaper=The Times of India|date=24 March 2014|access-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316073429/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Kona-Gopi-to-patch-up-with-Sreenu-Vaitla/articleshow/32606364.cms|archive-date=16 March 2015}}</ref> Kona Venkat-Gopimohan were working on the film's script in [[United States]] in late November 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/141124/entertainment-tollywood/article/it%E2%80%99s-ram-charan|title=Ram Charan in Srinu Vaitla next project|last=Kavirayani|first=Suresh|newspaper=Deccan Chronicle|date=24 November 2014|access-date=16 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316073315/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/141124/entertainment-tollywood/article/it%E2%80%99s-ram-charan|archive-date=16 March 2015}}</ref> [[S. Thaman]] and [[Sameer Reddy]] were reported to be the music director and cinematographer of the film respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/Music-Director-For-Ram-Charan---Sreenu-Vaitla-Movie-telugu-news-122142|title=Music director for Ram Charan - Sreenu Vaitla movie|website=IndiaGlitz|date=31 December 2014|access-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316073313/http://www.indiaglitz.com/Music-Director-For-Ram-Charan---Sreenu-Vaitla-Movie-telugu-news-122142|archive-date=16 March 2015}}</ref> Kona Venkat confirmed that he would be working with Vaitla again for this film after Charan convinced him to put aside their personal differences adding that he discussed the script with Vaitla and got an approval from Charan.<ref name="Kona int">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Entertainment/Telugu/Movies/News/Kona-Sreenu-Vailta-to-work-together/articleshow/46078698.cms|title=Kona-Sreenu Vailta to work together|last=A. S.|first=Sashidhar|newspaper=The Times of India|date=31 January 2015|access-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316073312/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Entertainment/Telugu/Movies/News/Kona-Sreenu-Vailta-to-work-together/articleshow/46078698.cms|archive-date=16 March 2015}}</ref>

[[Gopimohan]] confirmed the same adding that this film's script would have no traces of their past works.<ref name="Gopimohan"/> [[Anirudh Ravichander]] was signed in on to compose the film's music marking his debut in Telugu cinema and also making this film the third Charan's film to have music composed by a Tamil music composer.{{efn|[[Harris Jayaraj]] and [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] composed music for Charan's films ''[[Orange (2010 Telugu film)|Orange]]'' (2010) and ''[[Govindudu Andarivadele]]'' (2014) in the past respectively.<ref name="Anirudh BW">{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/can-anirudh-repeat-harris-yuvans-magic.html|title=Can Anirudh repeat Harris, Yuvan's magic?|website=Behindwoods|date=8 February 2015|access-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316073549/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/can-anirudh-repeat-harris-yuvans-magic.html|archive-date=16 March 2015}}</ref>}}<ref name="Anirudh BW"/> He met Charan at his house in Hyderabad in early February 2015 and Danayya, Vaitla and others were also present during the meeting. He accepted to be a part of the film after liking the film's script.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/Anirudh-Ravichanders-Music-For-Ram-Charan-telugu-news-124992|title=Anirudh Ravichander's music for Ram Charan|website=IndiaGlitz|date=7 February 2015|access-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316073547/http://www.indiaglitz.com/Anirudh-Ravichanders-Music-For-Ram-Charan-telugu-news-124992|archive-date=16 March 2015}}</ref>

[[Manoj Paramahamsa]] was signed in on as the film's director of photography.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Ram-Charan-gears-up-for-his-next/articleshow/46271374.cms|title=Ram Charan gears up for his next|newspaper=The Times of India|date=18 February 2015|access-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316073545/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Ram-Charan-gears-up-for-his-next/articleshow/46271374.cms|archive-date=16 March 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The makers announced that Kona Venkat would pen the dialogues and co-write the film's script along with Gopimohan while Vaitla himself would pen the film's screenplay.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2015/ram-charan-pair-up-with-rakul-for-sreenu-vaitlas-film-173963.html|title=Ram Charan Pair Up With Rakul For Sreenu Vaitla's Film|last=Anjuri|first=Pravallika|publisher=Oneindia Entertainment|date=16 February 2015|access-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316073544/http://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2015/ram-charan-pair-up-with-rakul-for-sreenu-vaitlas-film-173963.html|archive-date=16 March 2015}}</ref> Anirudh walked out of the project in late March 2015 and was subsequently replaced by [[S. Thaman]] who collaborated with Vaitla for ''[[Dookudu]]'' (2011), ''[[Baadshah (2013 film)|Baadshah]]'' (2013) and ''[[Aagadu]]'' (2014).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/Thaman-To-Replace-Anirudh-For-Ram-Charans-Film-telugu-news-128265|title=Thaman to replace Anirudh for Ram Charan's film|website=IndiaGlitz|date=19 March 2015|access-date=19 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319154544/http://www.indiaglitz.com/Thaman-To-Replace-Anirudh-For-Ram-Charans-Film-telugu-news-128265|archive-date=19 March 2015}}</ref> Thaman confirmed the same through his Twitter page later.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/thaman-replaces-anirudh-for-ram-charan-dookudu-srinu-vaitlas-film.html|title=Thaman replaces Anirudh|website=Behindwoods|date=20 March 2015|access-date=20 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150320052340/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/thaman-replaces-anirudh-for-ram-charan-dookudu-srinu-vaitlas-film.html|archive-date=20 March 2015}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
[[Principal photography]] began on 16 March 2015 at [[Hyderabad]] and the film's principal cast participated in the shoot.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/Ram-Charan---Sreenu-Vaitla-Movie-Regular-Shooting-Starts-telugu-news-127925|title=Ram Charan - Sreenu Vaitla movie regular shooting starts|website=IndiaGlitz|date=16 March 2015|access-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316073016/http://www.indiaglitz.com/Ram-Charan---Sreenu-Vaitla-Movie-Regular-Shooting-Starts-telugu-news-127925|archive-date=16 March 2015}}</ref> In late April 2015, Rakul Preet Singh's manager told media that she has allotted 15 days per month for the upcoming three months for this film's shoot.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Rakul-is-doing-Maheshs-film/articleshow/46969650.cms|title=Rakul is doing Mahesh's film!|last=Kumar|first=Hemanth|newspaper=The Times of India|date=19 April 2015|access-date=23 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423163508/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Rakul-is-doing-Maheshs-film/articleshow/46969650.cms|archive-date=23 April 2015}}</ref> Charan was reported to join the film's sets on 27 April 2015 after returning from [[Bangkok]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/ram-charan-is-ready-telugu-news-131013.html|title=Ram Charan is ready|website=IndiaGlitz|date=23 April 2015|access-date=23 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423162613/http://www.indiaglitz.com/ram-charan-is-ready-telugu-news-131013.html|archive-date=23 April 2015}}</ref> That schedule was dropped and a fresh schedule began from 21 May 2015 to shoot two duets on Charan and Rakul Preet Singh in [[Spain]] till 30 May 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/ram-charan-sreenu-vaitla-movie-unit-heads-to-europe-telugu-news-133172.html|title=Ram Charan - Sreenu Vaitla movie unit heads to Europe|website=IndiaGlitz|date=19 May 2015|access-date=19 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150519103913/http://m.indiaglitz.com/ram-charan-sreenu-vaitla-movie-unit-heads-to-europe-telugu-news-133172.html|archive-date=19 May 2015}}</ref> The next schedule began from 3 June 2015 at Hydeabad which was announced last till the completion of the film's shoot.<ref name="Jun 3 sch"/>

Initially, few action sequences were shot in the [[Old City (Hyderabad, India)|Old City]] area of Hyderabad.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150605/entertainment-tollywood/article/ram-charan-shooting-old-city|title=Ram Charan shooting in Old City|last=Kavirayani|first=Suresh|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=5 June 2015|access-date=6 June 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150606022517/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/150605/entertainment-tollywood/article/ram-charan-shooting-old-city|archive-date=6 June 2015}}</ref> On 15 June 2015, Charan revealed through his official Facebook page that filming of two songs, interval fight sequences and a few scenes have been completed till then.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2015/ram-charan-is-a-happy-man-now-187042.html|title=Ram Charan Is A Happy Man Now|last=Anjuri|first=Pravallika|publisher=Oneindia Entertainment|date=16 June 2015|access-date=16 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150616152623/http://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2015/ram-charan-is-a-happy-man-now-187042.html|archive-date=16 June 2015}}</ref> After a month, the makers revealed that 40% of the film's shoot is complete.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/ram-charan-sreenu-vaitla-film-40-percent-completed-telugu-news-137493.html|title=Ram Charan - Sreenu Vaitla film 40 percent completed|website=IndiaGlitz|date=14 July 2015|access-date=14 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714091806/http://www.indiaglitz.com/ram-charan-sreenu-vaitla-film-40-percent-completed-telugu-news-137493.html|archive-date=14 July 2015}}</ref> Filming continued at Bangkok where crucial scenes on the film's principal cast were shot till 12 August 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/ram-charan-sreenu-vaitla-film-telugu-news-139293.html|title=Ram Charan - Sreenu Vaitla film shaping up well|website=IndiaGlitz|date=6 August 2015|access-date=6 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150806075905/http://www.indiaglitz.com/ram-charan-sreenu-vaitla-film-telugu-news-139293.html|archive-date=6 August 2015}}</ref> The next schedule began at Hyderabad from the next day.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/ram-charan-sreenu-vaitla-movie-hyderabad-schedule-starts-telugu-news-139795.html|title=Ram Charan - Sreenu Vaitla movie Hyderabad schedule starts|website=IndiaGlitz|date=13 August 2015|access-date=13 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150813083959/http://www.indiaglitz.com/ram-charan-sreenu-vaitla-movie-hyderabad-schedule-starts-telugu-news-139795.html|archive-date=13 August 2015}}</ref> The song "Mega Meter" was shot at Hyderabad in late September 2015.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/Shooting-of-Ram-Charans-Mega-Meter-underway/articleshow/49102932.cms|title=Shooting of Ram Charan's Mega Meter underway|newspaper=The Times of India|date=25 September 2015|access-date=27 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927154952/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/Shooting-of-Ram-Charans-Mega-Meter-underway/articleshow/49102932.cms|archive-date=27 September 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Charan participated in the song's shoot for 17 hours continuously and despite being injured in her back while rehearsing, Rakul Preet Singh completed her portions in the song in three days.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/ram-charan-on-a-shooting-spree-telugu-news-143267.html|title=Ram Charan on a shooting spree!|website=IndiaGlitz|date=27 September 2015|access-date=27 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927155624/http://www.indiaglitz.com/ram-charan-on-a-shooting-spree-telugu-news-143267.html|archive-date=27 September 2015}}</ref>

By then, the film's principal photography was wrapped up except for two songs and patchwork. [[Post-production]] activities were carried out in tandem.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/movies/directing-chiranjeevi-was-best-birthday-gift-says-sreenu-vaitla-1112175.html|title=Directing Chiranjeevi was best birthday gift, says Sreenu Vaitla|work=IBNLive |via=Indo-Asian News Service|publisher=CNN-IBN|date=25 September 2015|access-date=25 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925164314/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/movies/directing-chiranjeevi-was-best-birthday-gift-says-sreenu-vaitla-1112175.html|archive-date=25 September 2015}}</ref> Chiranjeevi joined the film's sets on 3 September 2014,<ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=21 September 2015|title=Finally, Chiru arrives|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/2015-09-28/Finally-Chiru-arrives-178147|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928192441/http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/2015-09-28/Finally-Chiru-arrives-178147|archive-date=28 September 2015|access-date=21 September 2015|website=|publisher=The Hans India|df=dmy}}</ref> and completed filming for his cameo appearance in three days.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kavirayani|first=Suresh|date=24 September 2015|title=Chiranjeevi completes cameo shoot|newspaper=Deccan Chronicle|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/151001/entertainment-tollywood/article/chiranjeevi-completes-cameo-shoot|url-status=live|access-date=6 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006091642/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/151001/entertainment-tollywood/article/chiranjeevi-completes-cameo-shoot|archive-date=6 October 2015}}</ref> Charan and Rakul Preet Singh participated in the shoot of the song "Bruce Lee" for 24 hours continuously. Upon its completion, principal photography was wrapped up on 10 August 2014. By then, Charan completed dubbing for his character in the film's first half and completed the rest in two days.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2015/unbelievable-dedication-by-ram-charan-and-rakul-preet-singh-200729.html|title=Unbelievable Dedication By Ram Charan & Rakul Preet Singh|last=Anjuri|first=Pravallika|publisher=Oneindia Entertainment|date=6 October 2015|access-date=6 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006092253/http://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2015/unbelievable-dedication-by-ram-charan-and-rakul-preet-singh-200729.html|archive-date=6 October 2015}}</ref> The film was shot in 110 working days with 15 working hours per day, thus turning the fastest big budget Telugu film featuring a big star cast in the recent times.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Bruce-Lee-had-a-70-day-non-stop-shoot-schedule/articleshow/49244529.cms|title=Bruce Lee had a 70-day non-stop shoot schedule!|last=Jonnalagadda|first=Pranitha|newspaper=The Times of India|date=6 October 2015|access-date=7 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007010148/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Bruce-Lee-had-a-70-day-non-stop-shoot-schedule/articleshow/49244529.cms|archive-date=7 October 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

== Music ==
{{Main|Bruce Lee: The Fighter (soundtrack)}}The film's soundtrack is composed by [[S. Thaman]] and featured five tracks with lyrics written by [[Sri Mani]] and [[Ramajogayya Sastry]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theindiantalks.com/entertainment/ram-charans-bruce-lee-movie-audio-launch-date-movie-release-date-announced-the-fighter-movie/13403/|title=Ram Charan's Bruce Lee Movie Audio Launch Date & Movie Release Date Announced: The Fighter Movie|last=Cyrus|work=The Indian Talks: Latest News, Todays News, Current Affairs and Informative Articles |date=2014-09-05|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-13}}</ref> The soundtrack album was marketed by Zee Music Company in their Telugu debut,<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zee music makes it Telugu debut with Bruce Lee|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/Zee-music-makes-it-Telugu-debut-with-Bruce-Lee/articleshow/49125183.cms|access-date=2021-01-09|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> and was released on 16 September 2014 at a launch event held in Hitex Convention Centre in [[Madhapur]], Hyderabad.<ref>{{Cite web|date=September 26, 2014|last=Arul|title=Chiranjeevi, Ram Charan at Bruce Lee - The Fighter audio launch |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/photos/chiranjeevi-ram-charan-bruce-lee-fighter-audio-launch-4402-slide-31654|access-date=2021-01-09|website=IBTimes India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-09-09|title='Bruce Lee' audio launch live streaming: Watch music release of Ram Charan's film online|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/bruce-lee-audio-launch-live-streaming-watch-music-release-ram-charans-film-online-648802|access-date=2021-01-09|website=www.ibtimes.co.in|language=en}}</ref> The album received mostly positive reviews from critics.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-09-26|title='Bruce Lee - The Fighter' music review: 'Ria' and 'Lehchalo' impress listeners|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/bruce-lee-fighter-music-review-ria-lehchalo-impress-listeners-649107|access-date=2021-01-09|website=www.ibtimes.co.in|language=en}}</ref>

== Marketing ==
The [[teaser trailer]] of the film was released on 21 August 2014, coinciding the eve of [[Chiranjeevi]]'s birthday, without revealing the film's title and was released with the tentative title ''#RC9''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bruce Lee The Fighter Official Teaser {{!}} Launched by #Megastar {{!}} Ram Charan {{!}} Sreenu Vaitla - YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1OLDy5vucU0 |access-date=2021-01-09 |website=www.youtube.com| date=21 August 2015 }}</ref> The makers revealed the title as ''Bruce Lee: The Fighter'' and the poster of the film was unveiled on 28 August 2014.

On 26 August 2014, Srinu Vaitla unveiled two posters, through his official Twitter account.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2015-09-21 |title=Srinu Vaitla releases first look of Ram Charan-Rakul Preet's 'Bruce Lee' [POSTERS] |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/srinu-vaitla-releases-first-look-ram-charan-rakul-preets-bruce-lee-posters-647397 |access-date=2021-01-09 |website=www.ibtimes.co.in |language=en}}</ref> The first poster features Ram Charan Teja's stunt seen as holding guns in both the hands and chasing someone, while the second poster of "Bruce Lee" features lead couple - Ram Charan Teja and Rakul Preet Singh, featured in the picture taken from a song sequence.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bruce Lee the fighter posters |url=https://www.moviecrow.com/News/9618/bruce-lee-the-fighter-posters |access-date=2021-01-09 |website=www.moviecrow.com}}</ref> The theatrical trailer of the film was unveiled on 16 September 2014, during the film's audio launch.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pyarilal |first=Vasanth |date=2015-09-26 |title=Bruce Lee The Fighter - Theatrical Trailer {{!}} RITZ |url=https://www.ritzmagazine.in/bruce-lee-the-fighter-theatrical-trailer/ |access-date=2021-01-09 |website= |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Release ==
=== Distribution ===
[[Dil Raju]] bought the theatrical rights in the Nizam region for {{Indian Rupee|}}12.85 crore.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2015-10-15 |title='Bruce Lee: The Fighter' pre-release business: Ram Charan-Rakul Preet's film Makes 100% table profit |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/bruce-lee-fighter-pre-release-business-ram-charan-rakul-preets-film-makes-100-table-profit-650676 |access-date=2021-01-09 |website=www.ibtimes.co.in |language=en}}</ref> Ceded rights were sold to Brahma Films for {{Indian Rupee|}}8.10 crore.<ref name=":4" /> The Vizag theatrical rights were sold to Sri Kanthi Krishan Films for {{Indian Rupee|}}5.40 crore.<ref name=":4" /> Godavari East and West rights were sold for Anushri Films and Aditya Films for {{Indian Rupee|}}2.50 crore and {{Indian Rupee|}}2.60 crore respectively.<ref name=":4" /> S Creations bought the theatrical rights for {{Indian Rupee|}}6.75 crore and released in the Krishna and Guntur regions.<ref name=":4" /> Hari Films bought the theatrical rights for {{Indian Rupee|}}1.90 crore in the Nellore region,<ref name=":4" /> thus the makers spent {{Indian Rupee|40.85}} crore on theatrical rights in the Andhra Pradesh and Telangana regions.<ref name=":4" /> The film's Karnataka rights were sold to Ramu Films for {{Indian Rupee|}}6.75 crore.<ref name=":4" /> Bhadrakali Films bought the distribution rights for Tamil Nadu (also for its Tamil dubbed version) for {{Indian Rupee|}}2 crore.<ref name=":4" /> Remya Films bought the Kerala rights for {{Indian Rupee|}}0.5 crore and rest of India rights were sold to {{Indian Rupee|}}0.6 crore.<ref name=":4" /> The overseas theatrical distribution rights were acquired by Great India Films in mid July 2015, for a price of {{Indian Rupee|}}6 crore.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 July 2015 |title=Ram Charan-Srinu Vytla film by GIF |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/ram-charan-srinu-vytla-film-by-gif-telugu-news-137666.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150716072817/http://www.indiaglitz.com/ram-charan-srinu-vytla-film-by-gif-telugu-news-137666.html |archive-date=16 July 2015 |access-date=16 July 2015 |website=IndiaGlitz}}</ref> The film made a pre-release business of {{Indian Rupee|73}} crore, and inclusive of the satellite rights and with theatrical rights of the film being sold for {{Indian Rupee|56}} crore.<ref name=":4" />

=== Theatrical ===
Danayya planned to release the film on 15 October 2015, a week ahead of the [[Dusherra]] festival, which falls on 22 October 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2015/ram-charan-sreenu-vaitla-new-movie-launched-rakul-kona-gopi-chiranjeevi-175767.html|title=FINALLY! Ram Charan-Sreenu Vaitla Movie Launched|last=Anjuri|first=Pravallika|publisher=Oneindia Entertainment|date=5 March 2015|access-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316073944/http://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2015/ram-charan-sreenu-vaitla-new-movie-launched-rakul-kona-gopi-chiranjeevi-175767.html|archive-date=16 March 2015}}</ref> The film was speculated to clash with [[Mahesh Babu]]-starrer and ''[[Brahmotsavam (film)|Brahmotsavam]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2015/ram-charan-mahesh-babu-fight-continues-dusshera-175927.html|title=OMG ! Ram Charan-Mahesh Babu's Fight Continues|last=Anjuri|first=Pravallika|publisher=Oneindia Entertainment|date=6 March 2015|access-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316073943/http://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2015/ram-charan-mahesh-babu-fight-continues-dusshera-175927.html|archive-date=16 March 2015}}</ref> and [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]]-starrer ''[[Dictator (2016 film)|Dictator]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/Balakrishnas-Clash-With-Ram-Charan-telugu-news-127417|title=Balakrishna's clash with Ram Charan|website=IndiaGlitz|date=9 March 2015|access-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316074021/http://www.indiaglitz.com/Balakrishnas-Clash-With-Ram-Charan-telugu-news-127417|archive-date=16 March 2015}}</ref> On 8 September 2015, Danayya confirmed 16 October 2015 as the film's release date.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/bruce-lee-on-october-16-news-telugu-pjioNybefhiig.html|title='Bruce Lee' on October 16|website=[[Sify]]|date=8 September 2015|access-date=9 September 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909092546/http://www.sify.com/movies/bruce-lee-on-october-16-news-telugu-pjioNybefhiig.html|archive-date=9 September 2015}}</ref> Due to a few action sequences, the film was passed with a [[U/A certificate]] instead of a [[U certificate (India)|U certificate]] by the [[Central Board of Film Certification]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/charans-bruce-lee-gets-ua-news-telugu-pkmvcebageade.html|title=Charan's 'Bruce Lee' gets U/A|website=[[Sify]]|date=12 October 2015|access-date=13 October 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151013143207/http://www.sify.com/movies/charans-bruce-lee-gets-ua-news-telugu-pkmvcebageade.html|archive-date=13 October 2015}}</ref>

''Bruce Lee: The Fighter'' opened up in more than 2000 screens across the world, with 1200 screens across Andhra Pradesh and Telangana,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Krishnamoorthy|first=Suresh|date=2015-10-16|title='Bruce Lee' ready to pack a punch|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/bruce-lee-ready-to-pack-a-punch/article7768270.ece|access-date=2021-01-09|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> On 14 October, Ram Charan hosted a special premiere for 400 visually impaired children at the [[Prasad Studios|Prasad IMAX]] multiplex in [[Hyderabad]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-10-14|title=Special premiere of 'Bruce Lee' for visually impaired kids|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/special-premiere-of-bruce-lee-for-visually-impaired-kids/|access-date=2021-01-09|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> It was simultaneously released in Tamil under the title ''Bruce Lee 2'',<ref>{{cite news |title=Bruce Lee 2 - The Fighter Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos {{!}} eTimes |newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-details/bruce-lee-2-the-fighter/movieshow/61294470.cms}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bruce Lee 2 - The Fighter Movie (2015) {{!}} Reviews, Cast & Release Date in - BookMyShow |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/bruce-lee-2-the-fighter/ET00034533/ |website=BookMyShow |language=en}}</ref> and in Malayalam under the same name. It was dubbed in Hindi under the title ''Bruce Lee''.

''Bruce Lee'' opened in more than 360 centres in the overseas region (US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, UK, Europe, Middle East, Tokyo, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, South Africa, Botswana, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand) and in more than 500 screens.<ref name=":3" /> In US the film released about more than 202 locations and more than 360 theatres. The premiere shows of ''Bruce Lee'' was held in US on 15 October.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=2015-10-09|title=Power of 'Bruce Lee - The Fighter' in overseas - Bollywood News|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/power-of-bruce-lee-in-overseas-hindi-news-144199.html|access-date=2021-01-09|website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref>

=== Home media ===
The television broadcast rights of the original and Hindi dubbed versions were acquired by [[Zee Cinema]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/ram-charan-sreenu-vaitla-movie-satellite-rights-for-zee-telugu-telugu-news-138188.html|title=Ram Charan - Sreenu Vaitla movie satellite rights for Zee Telugu|website=IndiaGlitz|date=23 July 2015|access-date=23 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723084556/http://www.indiaglitz.com/ram-charan-sreenu-vaitla-movie-satellite-rights-for-zee-telugu-telugu-news-138188.html|archive-date=23 July 2015}}</ref> The film's premiere took place on [[Zee Telugu]] on 14 February 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mega Blockbuster Movie 'Bruce Lee the Fighter' all set for television premiere on Zee Telugu. - idlebrain.com news|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/today/zeetelugu-bruceleethefighter.html|access-date=2021-01-09|website=www.idlebrain.com}}</ref> The satellite rights of the Malayalam version were given to [[Zee Keralam]]. The satellite rights of the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] dubbed version went to [[Star Vijay]].

==Reception==
=== Critical response ===
''Bruce Lee: The Fighter'' received negative reviews from critics.<ref name="International Business Times">{{cite news | url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/bruce-lee-fighter-bltf-review-roundup-srinu-vaitla-fails-impress-critics-again-after-aagadu-650920 | title=Bruce Lee The Fighter: review roundup | newspaper=International Business Times | access-date=23 October 2015}}</ref> Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote "Ram Charan dances like a dream, as always, and shows marked improvement as an actor. But what he needs is a project that will not belittle the huge fan base in the garb of masala. When the entire antagonist track opens with an illogical act, probably one shouldn't expect much."<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dundoo|first=Sangeetha Devi|date=2015-10-16|title=Bruce Lee: All that gloss|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/bruce-lee-all-that-gloss/article7770250.ece|access-date=2021-01-09|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Writing for ''[[The Times of India]]'', Karthik Pasupulate gave 3 out of 5 and wrote "The film is a bit melodrama and sadly the gags turn out to be the dampener. There is a surfeit of funny characters as well. How much you'll love this film depends on how big Chiranjeevi fan you are."<ref>{{Citation|title=Bruce Lee - The Fighter Movie Review {3/5}: Critic Review of Bruce Lee - The Fighter by Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/bruce-lee-the-fighter/movie-review/49420300.cms|access-date=2021-01-09}}</ref> Writing for ''[[India Today]]'', Kirubhakar Purushothaman gave 2.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "There are films which exactly pan out in a way you predict they would, without any disarray, and still they don't disappoint you. Bruce Lee The Fighter fits that bill".<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/bruce-lee-the-fighter-movie-review-ram-charans-actioner-half-justifies-its-name-268551-2015-10-17 | title=Bruce Lee The Fighter movie review: Ram Charan's actioner half-justifies its name | magazine=India Today | access-date=23 October 2015}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Sify]]'' gave 3 out of 5 stars stating "Chiranjeevi appearing in the climax in his real life character of a movie star, Charan dancing like a dream in songs, and a decent first half are the only saving grace of this run-of-the-mill movie."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bruce Lee- The Fighter|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/bruce-lee--the-fighter-review-telugu-pkqmHlaehfghb.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017002300/http://www.sify.com/movies/bruce-lee--the-fighter-review-telugu-pkqmHlaehfghb.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 October 2015|access-date=2021-01-09|website=[[Sify]]|language=en}}</ref> ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' noted that it "Bruce Lee-The Fighter is strictly passable fare where Srinu Vaitla fails to really entertain us convincingly" giving it a 2.5 out of 5.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/Movie-Review-Bruce-Lee-The-Fighter/articleshow/49423167.cms | title=Movie review: Bruce Lee - The Fighter | publisher=Bangalore Mirror | access-date=23 October 2015}}</ref> ''Behindwoods'' gave 2.75 out of 5 stating "Bruce Lee-The fighter would have been a lot more original and different, If the director had not adhered to the age old model of commercial cinema and capitalized more on the action part, but due to the situational based comedy, non-exaggerated climax, Srinu delivers another winner that is sure to entertain."<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-10-16|title=Bruce Lee - The Fighter (aka) Bruce Lee 2 The Fighter review|url=https://www.behindwoods.com/telugu-movies/bruce-lee-the-fighter/bruce-lee-the-fighter-review.html|access-date=2021-01-09|website=Behindwoods}}</ref>

=== Box office ===
''Bruce Lee: The Fighter'' collected more than {{Indian Rupee|}}20 crore, on its opening day, registering the highest opening day collection of Charan's film.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=October 18, 2015 |title=Bruce Lee The Fighter box office collection: The actioner is Ram Charan's highest opener till date |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/bruce-lee-the-fighter-box-office-collection-the-actioner-becomes-the-best-opener-of-ram-charan-till-date-268673-2015-10-18 |access-date=2021-01-09 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> The film collected more than {{Indian Rupee|}}39.10 crore gross at the worldwide box office in the first weekend, and a share of {{Indian Rupee|}}22 crore to its distributors.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-10-20 |title=Worldwide box office collection: 'Bruce Lee The Fighter' fails to beat 'S/o Satyamurthy' weekend record |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/worldwide-box-office-collection-bruce-lee-fighter-fails-beat-s-o-satyamurthy-weekend-record-651297 |access-date=2021-01-09 |website=www.ibtimes.co.in |language=en}}</ref> At the end of seven days, the film collected more than {{Indian Rupee|}}77 crore gross, and a share of {{Indian Rupee|}}27.30 crore.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-10-23 |title='Bruce Lee the Fighter' (BLTF) 1st week box office collection: Ram Charan film grosses Rs 50 crore in 7 days |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/bruce-lee-fighter-bltf-1st-week-box-office-collection-ram-charan-film-grosses-rs-50-crore-7-651653 |access-date=2021-01-09 |website=www.ibtimes.co.in |language=en}}</ref> The film lost majority of screens due to the release of ''[[Kanche]]'', which received a strong word of mouth upon its initial release.<ref name=":2" /> Within 10-days, the film earned a share of {{Indian Rupee|}}38.29 crore, with a gross of {{Indian Rupee|}}55.55 crore. The film was a commercial failure.<ref name=":2" />

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|5038448}}

{{Srinu Vaitla}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bruce Lee - The Fighter}}
[[Category:2015 films]]
[[Category:2015 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2015 action comedy films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Srinu Vaitla]]
[[Category:Indian action comedy films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Thaman S]]
[[Category:2015 masala films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Spain]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bangkok]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Kona Venkat]]
[[Category:Films shot at Ramoji Film City]]
[[Category:Indian films about revenge]]
[[Category:DVV Entertainments]]
[[Category:2015 comedy films]]
[[Category:Intelligence Bureau (India) in fiction]]
[[Category:Bruceploitation films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian action comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films about stunt performers]]
[[Category:Films about the illegal drug trade]]
[[Category:Indian political action films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Telangana Police]]
[[Category:Films about actors]]
[[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Films produced by D. V. V. Danayya]]

Shri Jasnath Nagar

2026-05-01T21:46:10Z

Shamimulislam: creating a data

{{Short description|Village in Rajasthan, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Shri Jasnath Nagar
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Rajasthan, India
| pushpin_label_position = Right
| coordinates = {{coord|27.6307|N|73.7908|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bikaner District|Bikaner]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil|Sub-District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Jasrasar]]
| government_type = [[Panchayati Raj]]
| governing_body = [[Gram Panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 5.35
| population_total = 527
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products__rajasthan.html|title=Census of India : Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011 : Rajasthan|last=ORGI}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official Language
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 334802
| registration_plate = RJ-50, RJ-07
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=12 January 2021|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
}}
'''Shri Jasnath Nagar''' is a village in [[Jasrasar]] Tehsil within the [[Bikaner]] district of the Indian state of [[Rajasthan]].

The villagers primarily rely on [[agriculture]], with many owning their own enterprises.

==Demographics==

As per the [[2011 census of India|2011 Census]], the population numbered 527, including 288 males and 239 females. The Literacy rate was 48.77%.<ref>{{cite web |title= Census of Shri Jasnath Nagar village. |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/69711-shri-jasnath-nagar-rajasthan.html#google_vignette |access-date=28 November 2024}}</ref>

100% of the village follows [[Hinduism]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population by religious community - Bikaner District |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11390/download/14503/DDW08C-01%20MDDS.XLS}}</ref>

{{Bar box|float=right|title=Religion in Shri Jasnath Nagar Village (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population By Religion - Rajasthan|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11390/download/14503/DDW08C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=census.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>|titlebar=#Fcd117|left1=Religion|right1=Percent|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|99.8}}
|caption=Distribution of religions in Shri Jasnath Nagar Village}}

[[Bagri language|Bagri]], a dialect of [[Rajasthani Language|Rajsthani]] is the most spoken language, although the village administration uses [[Hindi Language|Hindi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Languages in Shri Jasnath Nagar village|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10234/download/13346/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-0800.XLSX}}</ref>

{{Pie chart|thumb=left|value1=96|value2=3.9|value3=0.10|color1=yellow|color2=red|color3=Pink|caption=Languages of Shri Jasnath Nagar village(2011)|label1=[[Bagri language|Bagri]]|label2=[[Hindi]]|label3=[[English Language|English]]}}

==Transport==

Shri Jasnath Nagar is near the Sikar-Nokha Highway, [[State Highway 20 (Rajasthan)|SH-20]]. The roads are in good condition. No railway services reaches the village. Inhabitants travel to [[Nokha railway station|Nokha]] or [[Bikaner railway station|Bikaner]] for the train.<ref>{{cite web |title=Overview Of Bikaner Division |url=https://nwr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1436959747628-An%20Overview%20of%20Bikaner%20Division%20update%20on%20June%202015.pdf |website=nwr.indianrailways.gov.in |access-date=28 November 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

[[Category:Villages in Bikaner district]]
{{improve categories|date=November 2024}}

{{Bikanerdivision-geo-stub}}

DRDO Close Quarter Battle carbine

2026-04-28T06:45:10Z

Shamimulislam: made some entry first draft!

{{Short description|Indian carbine derived from the INSAS family}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox weapon
| name = DRDO Close Quarter Battle carbine
| image = DRDO-Bharat Forge CQBC.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = DRDO Close Quarter Battler carbine
| origin = [[India]]
| type = [[Carbine]]
| is_ranged = Yes
| service =
| used_by = * [[Indian Army]]
* [[Indian Navy]]
| wars =
| designer = [[Armament Research and Development Establishment]] ([[DRDO]])
| design_date = late 2010s–2020s
| manufacturer = [[Bharat Forge]]
| production_date = 2026–present
| number = 255,128 (planned)
| variants =
| weight = {{convert|3.3|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
| length =
| part_length =
| cartridge = [[5.56×45mm NATO]] & INSAS
| action =
| rate = >600 rounds/min
| velocity =
| range = 200m
| feed = 30-round detachable [[box magazine]]
| sights = In-built [[iron sights]], mount point for telescopic or night sight
}}

The '''DRDO Close Quarter Battle carbine''' is a [[carbine]] developed in [[India]] by the [[Armament Research and Development Establishment]] (ARDE) and manufactured by the Kalyani Strategic Systems Limited (KSSL) of [[Bharat Forge]] as per the carbine requirements of the [[Indian Armed Forces]].

==History==
The Indian Armed Forces have had a long history when it failed to find a replacement of its in-service [[Sterling submachine gun|SAF Carbine 1A1/2A1]] models which had been [[Licensed production|license manufactured]] by the [[Ordnance Factory Board]] (OFB) since 1963 and 1977, respectively.<ref name="SAF">{{cite web |title=Product Development History |url=http://saf.gov.in/product.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801055310/http://saf.gov.in/product.html |archive-date=1 August 2019 |website=Small Arms Factory, Kanpur}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 May 2012 |title=Manufacturing of Small Weapons |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/erelcontent.aspx?relid=84268 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316225736/https://pib.gov.in/newsite/erelcontent.aspx?relid=84268 |archive-date=March 16, 2023 |website=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref> The first attempt to acquire a carbine was made in 2008 when both [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] and [[Ordnance Factory Board|OFB]] failed to meet the [[Indian Army]]'s requirements.<ref name="AQ">{{Cite web |last=Philip |first=Snehesh Alex |date=2022-07-28 |title=Army's quest for close-quarter battle carbines continues. Here are its options |url=https://theprint.in/defence/armys-quest-for-close-quarter-battle-carbines-continues-here-are-its-options/1057569/ |access-date=2025-06-21 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> Simultaneously, the [[Indian Navy]] also cleared a carbine procurement programme in 2008 with a [[Invitation to tender|tender]] issued in 2010. However, the procurement remained inclomplete.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Arjun Dev |date=2026-01-03 |title=Indian Navy to finally get CQB carbine after two-decade wait |url=https://chakranewz.com/critical-technologies/indian-navy-to-finally-get-cqb-carbine-after-two-decade-wait |access-date=2026-01-03 |website=chakranewz |language=en}}</ref>

This was followed by a global tender was launched in 2011 for a requirement for the acquisition of 44,618 CQB carbines. Four companies — Israel's [[IWI]], Italian [[Beretta]], and American firms [[Colt's Manufacturing Company|Colt]] and [[SIG Sauer|Sig Sauer]] — had responded to the tender. However, only IWI, presenting its [[IWI Galil ACE]] carbine,<ref name="Peri">{{Cite news |last=Peri |first=Dinakar |date=2017-05-04 |title=Punj Lloyd, IWI of Israel make small arms in India |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/punj-lloyd-iwi-of-israel-make-small-arms-in-india/article18383248.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251230143416/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/punj-lloyd-iwi-of-israel-make-small-arms-in-india/article18383248.ece/amp/ |archive-date=2025-12-30 |access-date=2025-06-29 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> could qualify while rest of the participants failed at the [[Night-vision device|night vision mounting system]] criteria. The Ministry again cancelled the tender due to single vendor situation.<ref name="AQ" />

Another global [[request for information]] (RFI) was launched in 2017. The pre-[[Request for proposal|tender]] documents issued a requirement for around 2 [[lakh]] carbines while the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] (MoD) cleared a Fast Track Procurement (FTP) for 93,895 carbines in 2018.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-02-13 |title=Procurement of Assault Rifles and LMGS |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1564239 |access-date=2025-06-21 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |quote=During 2018, Acceptance of Necessity (AoN) for procurement of Assault Rifles, LMGs and CQB carbines through Fast Track Procedure (FTP) under ‘Buy-Global’ category as well as AoNs for procurement of LMG and CQB carbine under ‘Buy & Make (Indian)’ category have been accorded by Defence Acquisition Council (DAC).}}</ref> An estimation of an overall requirement of 5 lakh carbines was estimated.<ref name="AQ" /> In September 2018, [[Caracal International|Caracal]] was selected as the lowest bidder against [[Thales Australia]] under the FTP. Further contract negotiations was expected for over three months while the deliveries were to be completed within a year following the signing of the contract.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-29 |title=US-made rifle, UAE carbine to equip Indian Army soldiers |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/us-made-rifle-uae-carbine-to-equip-indian-army-soldiers-1352324-2018-09-29 |access-date=2025-06-21 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> However, the contract for [[CAR 816]] was formally cancelled in September 2020 due to overpricing concerns and as the DRDO and the Indian industry wanted to take part in such a tender.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Philip |first=Snehesh Alex |date=2020-09-15 |title=Govt plans to scrap 2 defence deals under foreign procurement, could go 'atma nirbhar' way |url=https://theprint.in/defence/govt-plans-to-scrap-2-defence-deals-under-foreign-procurement-could-go-atma-nirbhar-way/503522/ |access-date=2025-06-21 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

On 23 September 2022, the defence ministry issued a new [[request for information]] (RFI) to procure [[5.56×45mm NATO]]-compatible Close Quarter Battle (CQB) Carbines for the [[Indian Army]] and the [[Indian Navy]]. On 29 November 2022, the ministry released [[Request for proposal|Request for Proposal]] (RfP) for the procurement after the Acceptance of Necessity (AoN) was received from the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC). The requirement was for 425,213 carbines (418,455 for the Army and 6,758 for the Navy). The order would be split between the two of the lowest bidders, with the lowest bidder securing L1 delivering 255,128 units and second lowest bidder L2 delivering 170,085 units. The carbine must weigh within the range of 3-3.5 kg and must have a range of more than 200 m and a cyclic rate of firing 600 rounds/min. The procurement was under Buy 'Indian' category which mandates the design to have over 60% indigenous content.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 September 2022 |title=POST-AoN INFORMATION: 5.56 x 45MM CQB CARBINE |url=https://www.mod.gov.in/sites/default/files/AoNCarbine.pdf |access-date=6 June 2024 |website=mod.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Can the Govt's Latest Effort to Acquire Crucial Carbines Pay Off After Multiple Failed Attempts? |url=https://thewire.in/security/can-the-govts-latest-effort-to-acquire-crucial-carbines-pay-off-after-multiple-failed-attempts |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=thewire.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-08 |title=UAE based Caracal back in race, responds to Indian Army tenders |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/defence-uae-based-caracal-back-in-race-responds-to-indian-army-tenders-2791102/ |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref>

As of June 2024, 15 vendors were competing for the contract and summer trials of the products were underway with winter trials expected later the same year.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=IADN Editorial |date=2024-06-04 |title=India conducts trials for a mega tender of 4.25 lakh carbines - IADN |url=https://iadnews.in/india-conducts-trials-for-a-mega-tender-of-4-25-lakh-carbines/ |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=- IADN |language=en-GB}}</ref> In June 2025, the DRDO-Bharat Forge's Close Quarter Battle (CQB) Carbine had emerged as the lowest bidder for the tender. The carbines would be manufactured by [[Bharat Forge#Kalyani Strategic Systems|Kalyani Strategic Systems Limited]] (KSSL)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |title=Kalyani Strategic Systems secures majority share in Indian Army's ₹2,800 cr carbine tender |url=https://manufacturing.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/aerospace-defence/kalyani-strategic-systems-secures-majority-share-in-indian-armys-2800-cr-carbine-tender/123226932 |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=ETManufacturing.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |number=1936114039442059731 |user=DefenceDecode |title=India's Bharat Forge Ltd is set to supply 4.5Lakh DRDO(#ARDE) designed carbines to the Indian Army under a landmark contract... |date=2025-06-20 |access-date=2025-06-21}}</ref> in its [[Khed City]] or [[Jejuri]] facility, both near [[Pune]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2025-08-14 |title=Indian Army's Close-Quarter Battle Carbine Procurement Saga Poised to End with KSSL and Adani Deals |url=https://thewire.in/security/army-close-quarter-battele-carbine-procurement-kssl-adani-jeet-machine-gun |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815123154/https://thewire.in/security/army-close-quarter-battele-carbine-procurement-kssl-adani-jeet-machine-gun |archive-date=2025-08-15 |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=The Wire |language=en}}</ref> Meanwhile, [[Adani Defence]] became the L2 bidder and is expected to deliver its [[IWI Galil ACE#Indian variant|Adani Jeet]], a derivative of [[IWI Galil ACE|IWI Galil ACE-N 21]] design,<ref name=":0" /> from its [[Gwalior]] facility through its subsidiary [[PLR Systems]].<ref name=":6" /> The contracts would be worth {{INRConvert|1700|c|lk=on|year=2025}} and {{INRConvert|1100|c|lk=|year=2025}}, respectively.<ref name=":0" />

The contracts, with a combined worth of {{INRConvert|2770|c|lk=|year=2025}}, was signed on 30 December 2025.<ref name=":11">{{Cite press release |title=MoD inks Rs 4,666 crore contracts for Close Quarter Battle Carbine & Heavy Weight Torpedoes |date=2025-12-30 |publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]] |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2209832&reg=3&lang=1 |access-date=2025-12-30}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web |date=2025-12-30 |title=MoD to sign CQB contract with BF and Adani Defence |url=https://chakranewz.com/critical-technologies/mod-to-sign-cqb-contract-with-bf-and-adani-defence |access-date=2025-12-30 |website=chakranewz |language=en}}</ref>

==Design==

The gun has an [[Effective range#Weapons|effective range]] of {{Convert|200|m|abbr=on}}, weight of {{Convert|3.3|kg|abbr=on}} and supports a 30-round [[Magazine (firearms)|magazine]] compatible with both NATO-standard and [[INSAS rifle|INSAS]] ammunition.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-06-25 |title=DRDO-Bharat Forge develops an assault rifle lighter than a kitchen pressure cooker, built for urban warfare |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/drdo-bharat-forge-develops-an-assault-rifle-lighter-than-a-kitchen-pressure-cooker-built-for-urban-warfare/articleshow/122068781.cms |access-date=2025-06-26 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

==Operators==


===Future===
'''{{flag|India}}'''
* {{Army|India}}: On order.<ref name=":11" />
* {{Navy|India}}: On order.<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":1" />

== See also ==
* [[INSAS rifle]]
* [[AK-203]]
* [[SIG 516|SIG 716i]]
* [[IWI Galil ACE#Indian variant|Adani Jeet]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{AK-47 derivatives}}
{{Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)}}
{{Current Indian infantry weapons}}

[[Category:5.56×45mm NATO assault rifles]]
[[Category:Defence Research and Development Organisation]]
[[Category:Assault rifles of India]]
[[Category:Weapons and ammunition introduced in the 21st century]]
[[Category:Kalashnikov derivatives]]
[[Category:Weapons and ammunition introduced in 2026]]
[[Category:Post–Cold War weapons of India]]

Sanjay Lathar

2026-04-23T06:01:03Z

Shamimulislam: creating stub

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{BLP sources|date=May 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sanjay Lathar
| office = Member of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]]
| term_start = 2016
| term_end = 2022
| party = [[Samajwadi Party]]
| office1 = [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council|Leader of Opposition]] [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]]
| term_start1 = 28 March 2022
| term_end1 = 26 May 2022
| predecessor1 = Ahmed Hasan
| successor1 = [[Lal Bihari Yadav (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Lal Bihari Yadav]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|7 July 1971}}
}}
'''Sanjay Lathar''' (born 7 July 1971) is an Indian politician. He was Leader of the Opposition in [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]] from March 2022 to May 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pioneer |first=The |title=SP's Sanjay Lathar set to lose LOP status in UP Legislative Council |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2022/india/sp---s-sanjay-lathar-set-to-lose-lop-status-in-up-legislative-council.html |access-date=2022-09-02 |website=The Pioneer |language=en}}</ref> after the death of Ahmed Hasan. He is associated with [[Samajwadi Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-28 |title=UP: अखिलेश यादव के करीबी संजय लाठर बने विधान परिषद के नेता प्रतिपक्ष |url=https://www.aajtak.in/india/uttar-pradesh/story/sanjay-lather-of-samajwadi-party-was-made-the-leader-of-opposition-in-the-legislative-council-ntc-1436500-2022-03-28 |access-date=2022-09-02 |website=Aaj Tak |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=समाजवादी पार्टी ने संजय लाठर को उत्तर प्रदेश विधान परिषद में बनाया नेता विरोधी दल |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/lucknow-city-samajwadi-party-appoints-sanjay-lathar-leader-opposition-in-up-vidhan-parishad-22578582.html |access-date=2022-09-02 |website=Dainik Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=IANS |date=2022-03-29 |title=उत्तर प्रदेश: संजय लाठर होंगे विधान परिषद में विरोधी दल के नेता, हारे थे चुनाव |url=https://hindi.thequint.com/hot-news/uttar-pradesh-sanjay-lathar-will-be-the-leader-of-the-opposition-party-in-the-legislative-council |access-date=2022-09-02 |website=TheQuint |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-28 |title=SP's Sanjay Lathar becomes Leader of Opposition in Vidhan Parishad |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/sps-sanjay-lathar-becomes-leader-of-opposition-in-vidhan-parishad-101648487289837.html |access-date=2022-09-02 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> He was Member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council from 2016 to 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=U P Vidhan Parishad |url=https://www.vidhanparishadproceedings.up.gov.in/members/viewprofile/?profileID=NjQ= |access-date=2022-09-02 |website=www.vidhanparishadproceedings.up.gov.in}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Lathar was born on 7 July 1971, to Chaudhary Bhale Ram and Santosh Devi in Budha Khera Lathar, [[Jind district]], [[Haryana]].

Lathar had a certificate of [[Doctor of Philosophy]] from the [[Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith|Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidhyapeeth]].{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}

== Career ==
Lathar has been associated with the [[Samajwadi Party]] since 1990. He was elected to Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council in 2016. He became Leader of Opposition in 2022 succeeding Ahmed Hasan.{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}

== Personal life ==
Lathar is married to Dr. Babita Lathar and they have two sons together. Their elder son, Aditya Lathar is the elected president of [[Durham University|Durham University Students Union]] since 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-07-31 |title=UP: Former leader of opposition Sanjay Lathar's son Aditya Lathar is academic officer of Durham University |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/former-leader-of-opposition-sanjay-lathars-son-aditya-lathar-is-academic-officer-of-durham-university/articleshow/93244061.cms |access-date=2023-06-06 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Meerut: डरहम यूनिवर्सिटी में छात्र संघ-पीजी के अध्यक्ष बने आदित्य, सपा नेता के बेटे हैं लाठर |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/meerut/aditya-lather-became-first-indian-student-union-president-in-england-durham-university |access-date=2023-06-06 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-01 |title=आदित्य सिंह लाठर जीते UK की यूनिवर्सिटी का छात्रसंघ चुनाव, बने अध्यक्ष; पिता UP विधान परिषद में रह चुके हैं नेता विपक्ष |url=https://www.timesnowhindi.com/world/article/united-kingdom-aditya-singh-lathar-elected-president-of-student-union-of-durham-university/428967 |access-date=2023-06-06 |website=www.timesnowhindi.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2022-08-01 |title=Aditya Lathar elected Post Graduate Academic Officer |url=https://www.palatinate.org.uk/aditya-lathar-elected-post-graduate-academic-officer/ |access-date=2023-06-06 |website=Palatinate |language=en-GB}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lathar, Sanjay}}
[[Category:Members of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]]
[[Category:Samajwadi Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Leaders of the opposition in the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]]

{{UttarPradesh-SP-politician-stub}}

Sudhanshu Shekhar

2026-04-21T13:27:13Z

Shamimulislam: creating a data

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name =
| image = File:Sudhanshu Shekhar.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| office1 = Member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency1 = [[Harlakhi Assembly constituency|Harlakhi]]
| term_start1 = 2016
| term_end1 =
| constituency2 =
| term_start2 =
| term_end2 =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party = [[Janata Dal (United)]]
| other_party = [[Rashtriya Lok Samata Party]]
| alma_mater =
| parents = [[Basant Kushwaha]] (father)
| website =
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source =
| spouse =
| children =
| predecessor1 = [[Basant Kushwaha]]
}}
'''Sudhanshu Shekhar''' ([[né]] '''Kushwaha''') is an Indian politician based in [[Bihar]], who has served as member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] for two terms. Shekhar was elected to Bihar Legislative Assembly first in the year 2016, in a bypoll conducted for the [[Harlakhi Assembly constituency]] in [[Madhubani district]] of Bihar. In this bypoll, which followed the death of incumbent legislator from Harlakhi constituency, [[Basant Kushwaha]], he defeated Mohammad Shabbir of [[Indian National Congress]]. This was followed by his second victory in [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]s, in which he retained this seat. Shekhar is the son of [[Rashtriya Lok Samata Party]] politician [[Basant Kushwaha]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/jolt-to-grand-alliance-as-nda-ally-retains-harlakhi-seat/article8246020.ece|title=Jolt to Grand Alliance as NDA ally retains Harlakhi seat|website=[[The Hindu]]|date=16 February 2016 |accessdate=25 October 2023}}</ref>

==Political career==
Shekhar contested the Assembly bypolls in the year 2016, which followed death of his father [[Basant Kushwaha]] in the same year. Kushwaha was elected to Bihar Legislative Assembly in [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]s by defeating the [[Indian National Congress]] candidate Mohammad Shabbir by a margin of 4000 votes. However, before assuming oath for the office of legislator, he died. The premature death of Kushwaha ensued a sympathy wave in the constituency, which resulted in Shekhar defeating his father's political rival Shabbir by a margin of over 18,000 votes. Both Kushwaha and Shekhar were elected on the symbol of Rashtriya Lok Samata Party of [[Upendra Kushwaha]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/bjp-and-allies-make-good-in-assembly-bypolls/story-uVysYnVL4mD3R8kLk2k6eJ.html|title=BJP and allies make good in Assembly polls|accessdate=25 October 2023}}</ref>

In 2018, Shekhar joined a revolt of the Rashtriya Lok Samata Party legislators against party president [[Upendra Kushwaha]]. At the time of this rebellion within party, RLSP had three member of parliament and two members in Bihar Legislative Assembly, besides a member in [[Bihar Legislative Council]], Sanjeev Shyam Singh. The three legislators from the state's bicameral legislature, [[Lalan Paswan]], Sanjeev Shyam Singh and Shekhar himself, declared themselves to be the real RLSP and caused a fraction within the party accusing Upendra Kushwaha of serving his own interest. The defecting legislators also demanded a ministerial berth in state council of ministers for Shekhar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/rlsp-legislators-revolt-declare-they-will-remain-in-nda/1414909/|title=RLSP legislators revolt; declare they will remain in NDA|website=Financial Express|date=15 December 2018 |accessdate=25 October 2023}}</ref> Upendra Kushwaha had left [[National Democratic Alliance]] (NDA) by the time; his party RLSP had contested the 2014 Indian General Elections and 2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly elections as a part of NDA alliance. Shekhar and other defecting legislators announced in a press conference that they will remain in NDA.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/rlsp-legislators-revolt-declare-they-will-remain-in-nda/articleshow/67104972.cms|title=RLSP legislators revolt; declare they will remain in NDA|website=Economic Times|date=15 December 2018 |accessdate=25 October 2023}}</ref>

In 2019, Shekhar along with his two other colleagues in RLSP joined [[Janata Dal (United)]] officially.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha-2019/story/jolt-to-kushwaha-s-rlsp-all-3-of-its-legislators-join-jd-u-1535173-2019-05-26|title=Jolt to Upendra Kushwaha's RLSP, all 3 of its legislators join JDU|website=India Today|date=26 May 2019 |accessdate=25 October 2023}}</ref> Shekhar was fielded by JD(U) as its candidate from Harlakhi Assembly constituency once again in [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]s. He defeated Ram Naresh Pandey of [[Communist Party of India]] and retained the seat, becoming the MLA for the second time. Then in 2025 he won again 3rd consecutive time.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/bihar-assembly-elections/story/harlakhi-election-result-2020-bihar-chunav-vidhan-sabha-seat-counting-tejashwi-yadav-nitish-kumar-lbs-1160108-2020-11-10|title=Harlakhi Election Result 2020: लगातार दूसरी बार जीते JDU के सुधांशु शेखर, लेफ्ट के नरेश पांडेय हारे|website=Aajtak|date=10 November 2020 |accessdate=25 October 2023}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Suryadev Singh]]
*[[Haridwar Prasad Singh]]
*[[Suchitra Sinha]]
*[[Maha Nand Singh]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shekhar, Sudhanshu}}
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2015–2020]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2020–2025]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Lok Samata politicians]]
[[Category:Janata Dal (United) politicians]]
[[Category:People from Madhubani district]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2025–2030]]

Mohammad Akbar (politician)

2026-04-20T04:42:33Z

Shamimulislam: adding basic data needs work

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Mohammad Akbar
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Madhya Pradesh]] (now in Chhattisgarh, India)
| citizenship =
| office = [[Baghel ministry|Cabinet Minister]], [[Government of Chhattisgarh]]
| term_start = 17 December 2018
| term_end = 3 December 2023
| governor = [[Anandiben Patel]] [[Anusuiya Uikey]] [[Biswabhusan Harichandan]]
| predecessor = [[Ajay Chandrakar]]
| successor = {{ubl|• [[Vishnu Deo Sai]] (Transport)|• [[Arun Sao]] (Law)|• [[Kedar Nath Kashyap|Kedar Kashyap]] (Forest)|• [[O. P. Choudhary]] (Housing, Environment)}}
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[Bhupesh Baghel]]
| 2blankname = Ministry and Departments
| 2namedata = * Transport.
* Forest.
* Housing.
* Environment.
* Law.
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| 1blankname1 =
| 1namedata1 =
| office2 = [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Member of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start2 = 11 December 2018
| term_end2 = 3 December 2023
| constituency2 = [[Kawardha (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kawardha]]
| predecessor2 = Ashok Sahu
| successor2 = [[Vijay Sharma (politician)|Vijay Sharma]]
| term_start3 = 2008
| term_end3 = 2013
| constituency3 = [[Pandariya (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Pandariya]]
| predecessor3 = constituency stablished
| successor3 = Moti Ram Chandravanshi
| office4 =
| term_start4 =
| term_end4 =
| predecessor4 =
| successor4 =
| constituency4 =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| profession = Politician
| footnotes =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| spouse =
| children =
| website =
| date =
| year =
| source =
}}
{{Improve categories|date=February 2022}}
'''Mohammad Akbar''' is an Indian politician of the [[Indian National Congress]]. He was a Cabinet Minister of [[Government of Chhattisgarh|Chhattisgarh]]. He was a member of the [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]] representing [[Kawardha (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kawardha]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ourneta.com/neta/mohammed-akbar/|title = Mohammed Akbar, INC MLA from Kawardha – Our Neta}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Akbar, Mohammad}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Chhattisgarh MLAs 2018–2023]]
[[Category:People from Kawardha]]

{{Chhattisgarh-INC-politician-stub}}

Jind Mahi

2026-04-14T10:32:08Z

Shamimulislam:

{{Short description|2022 Indian Punjabi-language romantic drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Jind Mahi
| image = Jind_Mahi_Official_Poster_1.png
| caption = Official poster
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Sonam Bajwa]] Ajay Sarkaria
}}
| director = Sameer Pannu
| producer = {{Plainlist|
* [[Gunbir Singh Sidhu]]<ref name ="IfH" /><ref name ="PtC" /><ref name ="SpT" /> [[Manmord Sidhu]]<ref name ="IfH" /><ref name ="PtC" /><ref name ="SpT" />
}}
| story = {{Plainlist|
* [[Manmord Sidhu]]<ref name ="PtC" /> Sameer Pannu<ref name ="IfH" /><ref name ="PtC" /><ref name ="SpT" />
}}
| screenplay = {{Plainlist|
* [[Manmord Sidhu]]<ref name ="PtC">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/jind-mahi-starring-sonam-bajwa-ajay-sarkaria-goes-on-floor|title=Jind Mahi starring Sonam Bajwa-Ajay Sarkaria goes on floor|date=25 September 2021|website=Ptcpunjabi.co.in|access-date=12 February 2022}}</ref> Sameer Pannu<ref name ="PtC" /> Jatinder Lall<ref name ="PtC" />
}}
| cinematography = Ravi Kumar Sana <ref name="SpT">{{Cite web|url=https://www.spotboye.com/pollywood/pollywood-news/jind-mahi-sonam-bajwa-to-be-seen-romancing-on-screen-with-ajay-sarkaria-in-the-upcoming-film/610d3348c22b2417f3f94210|title=Jind Mahi: Sonam Bajwa To Be Seen Romancing On Screen With Ajay Sarkaria In The Upcoming Film|website=Spotboye.com|access-date=12 February 2022}}</ref>
| studio = White Hill Studios<ref name ="PuM">{{Cite web|url=https://punjabimania.com/post/jind-mahi-sonam-bajwa-and-ajay-sarkaria-to-play-lead-in-sameer-pannus-directorial-debut|title=Jind Mahi: Sonam Bajwa and Ajay Sarkaria to play lead in Sameer Pannu's directorial debut|first=Dixit|last=Bhargav|website=Punjabimania.com|access-date=12 February 2022|archive-date=12 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212195007/https://punjabimania.com/post/jind-mahi-sonam-bajwa-and-ajay-sarkaria-to-play-lead-in-sameer-pannus-directorial-debut|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| released = {{Film date|2022|08|05|df=y}}
| runtime = 130 Minutes
| country = India
| language = Punjabi
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Jind Mahi''''' is a 2022 Indian [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]-language [[romantic drama]] film, starring Sonam Bajwa and Ajay Sarkaria.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/sonam-bajwa-will-be-seen-romancing-ajay-sarkaria-in-sameer-pannu-next-directorial-jind-mahi|title=Sonam Bajwa will be seen romancing Ajay Sarkaria in Sameer Pannu next directorial 'Jind Mahi'!|date=5 August 2021|website=Ptcpunjabi.co.in|access-date=12 February 2022}}</ref> Directed by Sameer Pannu,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.trendpunjabi.com/jind-mahi-movie/|title=Jind Mahi Punjabi Movie Announces By Ajay Sarkaria And Sonam Bajwa|website=Trendpunjabi.com|date=4 August 2021|access-date=12 February 2022}}</ref> this film has been produced under White Hill Studios<ref name ="PuM">{{Cite web|url=https://punjabimania.com/post/jind-mahi-sonam-bajwa-and-ajay-sarkaria-to-play-lead-in-sameer-pannus-directorial-debut|title=Jind Mahi: Sonam Bajwa and Ajay Sarkaria to play lead in Sameer Pannu's directorial debut|first=Dixit|last=Bhargav|website=Punjabimania.com|access-date=12 February 2022|archive-date=12 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212195007/https://punjabimania.com/post/jind-mahi-sonam-bajwa-and-ajay-sarkaria-to-play-lead-in-sameer-pannus-directorial-debut|url-status=dead}}</ref> and was earlier scheduled to be released in the theatres on 8 July 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thepollywood.com/movies/jind-mahi-sonam-bajwa-ajay-sarkaria-upcoming-film-got-a-premiere-date/|title=Jind Mahi: Sonam Bajwa & Ajay Sarkaria Upcoming Film Got a Premiere Date |website=Thepollywood.com|first=Arshad|last=Ahmed|date=21 November 2021|access-date=12 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghaintpunjab.com/GhaintPunjab/Article/39687/jind-mahi-release-date|title=Sameer Pannu's 'Jind Mahi' To Release On This Date!|website=Ghaintpunjab.com|access-date=12 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kiddaan.com/jind-mahi-sonam-bajwa-and-ajay-sarkaria-film-gets-a-release-date/|title=Jind Mahi: Sonam Bajwa And Ajay Sarkaria Film Gets A Release Date|date=20 November 2021|website=Kiddaan.com|access-date=12 February 2022}}</ref> The film was eventually released on 5 August 2022.<ref name ="KhK">{{Cite web|url=https://kiddaan.com/jind-mahi-release-date-changed/#:~:text=The%20Punjabi%20film%20that%20has,worldwide%20on%205%20August%2C%202022./|title=Jind Mahi: Rajdip Shoker To Mark Debut In Sonam Bajwa & Ajay Sarkaria Starrer. Release Date Changed|date=16 June 2022|website=Kiddaan.com|access-date=24 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghaintpunjab.com/GhaintPunjab/Article/39687/sonam-bajwa-ajay-sarkaria-jind-mahi-release-date./|title=Sonam Bajwa & Ajay Sarkaria Starrer 'Jind Mahi' Has A New Release Date.|date=16 June 2022|website=GhaintPunjab.com|access-date=24 June 2022}}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="SpT">{{Cite web|url=https://www.spotboye.com/pollywood/pollywood-news/jind-mahi-sonam-bajwa-to-be-seen-romancing-on-screen-with-ajay-sarkaria-in-the-upcoming-film/610d3348c22b2417f3f94210|title=Jind Mahi: Sonam Bajwa To Be Seen Romancing On Screen With Ajay Sarkaria In The Upcoming Film|website=Spotboye.com|access-date=12 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thepollywood.com/movies/sonam-bajwa-ajay-sarkaria-are-all-set-to-appear-in-a-new-film-titled-jind-mahi/|title=Sonam Bajwa & Ajay Sarkaria are All Set to Appear in a New Film Titled "Jind Mahi"|website=Thepollywood.com|first=Arshad|last=Ahmed|date=4 August 2021|access-date=12 February 2022}}</ref>

==Cast==
[[File:Sonam Bajwa (cropped).jpg|right|thumb|120px|[[Sonam Bajwa]] is the lead actress of the film.]]
[[File:Ajay Sarkaria.jpg|right|thumb|120px|This marks Ajay Sarkaria's second film after [[Ardab Mutiyaran]].]]

{{Cast listing|
* [[Sonam Bajwa]] as Lakhwinder Kaur "Laddo"<ref name ="IfH">{{cite web|url=https://www.indianfilmhistory.com/movie-details/jind-mahi|title=Jind Mahi (U)|website=Indianfilmhistory.com|access-date=12 February 2022}}</ref><ref name ="FdO">{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmydo.com/jind-mahi/|title=Jind Mahi (2022)|website=Fimydo.com|date=31 October 2021|access-date=12 February 2022|archive-date=9 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209065422/https://www.filmydo.com/jind-mahi/|url-status=usurped}}</ref>
* Ajay Sarkaria as Har Narayan "Harry" <ref name ="IfH" /><ref name ="FdO" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/shades-of-love-417396|title=Sonam Bajwa and Ajay Sarkaria are back together with Punjabi film Jind Mahi, a romantic drama that debutant director Sameer Pannu believes will also deliver a strong social message|website=Tribuneindia.com|access-date=6 August 2022}}</ref>
* Raj Shoker as Sabreen <ref name="KhK"/>
* Sukhwinder Chahal as Harry's grandfather <ref name ="IfH" />
* Samreen Kaur
* Shavinder Mahal as Rajinder: Harry's father <ref name ="IfH" />
* Baninder Bunny as Balli: Harry's friend <ref name ="IfH" />
* [[Gurnam Bhullar]] as Pinder Maan (Guest Appearance)
* Ginni Kapoor (Guest Appearance)
* Harman Dhaliwal (Guest Appearance)
}}

==Production==
The film was announced in August 2021 after the success of lead pair's 2019 film ''[[Ardab Mutiyaran]]'', with the same pair Sonam Bajwa and Ajay Sarkaria. Thus this is the second project where [[Sonam Bajwa|Sonam]] and Ajay will be seen together on screen.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/exclusive-sonam-bajwa-and-ajay-sarkaria-are-too-excited-to-headline-jind-mahi/articleshow/85033591.cms|title=Exclusive! Sonam Bajwa and Ajay Sarkaria are too excited to headline 'Jind Mahi'|newspaper=The Times of India]l|date=4 August 2021|access-date=12 February 2022}}</ref> Raj Shoker, from Udaarian song fame is all set to make her acting debut with the film.<ref name="KhK"/>

Principal photography for the film commenced in September 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kiddaan.com/jind-mahi-shooting-of-punjabi-movie-starring-ajay-sarkaria-and-sonam-bajwa-begins/|title=Jind Mahi: Shooting Of Punjabi Movie Starring Ajay Sarkaria And Sonam Bajwa Begins|date=25 September 2021|website=Kiddaan.com|access-date=12 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thepollywood.com/movies/filming-of-ajay-sarkaria-sonam-bajwas-jind-mahi-kicks-off/|title=Filming of Ajay Sarkaria & Sonam Bajwa's "Jind Mahi" Kicks Off|website=Thepollywood.com|first=Arshad|last=Ahmed|date=26 September 2021|access-date=12 February 2022}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Jind Mahi
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Desi Crew, Goldboy & Oye Kunaal
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|2022|}}
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| language = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| length =
| label = White Hill Music
}}

===Track list of Jind Mahi===
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 25:12
| title1 = Rabba Mainu
| extra1 = [[Gurnam Bhullar]]
| lyrics1 = Farmaan
| music1 = Oye Kunaal
| length1 = 3:21
| title2 = Shiddat
| extra2 = [[Gurnam Bhullar]]
| lyrics2 = Youngveer
| music2 = Goldboy
| length2 = 3:08

| title3 = Baahn Fadke
| extra3 = [[Dilpreet Dhillon]] Gurlez Akhtar
| lyrics3 = Mandeep Mavi
| music3 = Desi Crew
| length3 = 3:12

| title4 = Jind Mahi Title Track
| extra4 = Oye Kunaal
| lyrics4 = Raahi
| music4 = Oye Kunaal
| length4 = 3:06

| title5 = Sada De Layi
| extra5 = Goldboy
| lyrics5 = Youngveer
| music5 = Goldboy
| length5 = 3:14

| title6 = Mahi Ve
| extra6 = Oye Kunaal
| lyrics6 = Raahi
| music6 = Oye Kunaal
| length6 = 2:20

| title7 = Wafa
| extra7 = [[Ninja (singer)|Ninja]]
| lyrics7 = Raahi
| music7 = Oye Kunaal
| length7 = 3:33

| title8 = Hanju
| extra8 = [[Afsana Khan]]
| lyrics8 = Farmaan
| music8 = Oye Kunaal
| length8 = 3:18
|}}

== Release ==
The movie was theatrically released on 5 August 2022. It is also available for streaming on [[Chaupal (streaming)|Chaupal]] Ott.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|15170506}}

[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:2022 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Films postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]
[[Category:Films set in London]]
[[Category:Films shot in London]]

Karkala Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:26:49Z

Shamimulislam: Starting post

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Karnataka State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Karkala
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 122
| map_image = 122-Karkala constituency.svg
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| district = [[Udupi district|Udupi]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Udupi Chikmagalur Lok Sabha constituency|Udupi Chikmagalur]]
| established = 1951
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:190611}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/15163-karnataka-2023/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |access-date=24 July 2023 |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{update after|2028|7}}
| mla = [[V. Sunil Kumar]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = [[H. Gopal Bhandary]]
}}

'''Karkala Assembly constituency''' is one of the 224 [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Karnataka]] in [[India]].<ref name=electors2019>{{cite web |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PCELE2019/GE2019_VOTERS_COUNT.pdf |title=Karnataka Loksabha Elections - 2019 - Voters Count |website=ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in |accessdate= 10 February 2021}}</ref>

It is part of [[Udupi district]].

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#ABDADC" | [[1952 Madras State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || [[A. B. Shetty]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" rowspan="2" | [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || Hegde Kanthappa Khedinji
|-
| Manjappa Ullal
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Dayanand. R. Kalle || {{Full party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || B. R. Shetty || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || rowspan="6" | [[Veerappa Moily]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}
|-
| [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
| [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
|-
| [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]]
|-
| [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || [[H. Gopal Bhandary]]
|-
| [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || [[V. Sunil Kumar]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || [[H. Gopal Bhandary]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2013]] || rowspan="3" | [[V. Sunil Kumar]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|-
| [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2023 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Karkala <ref name=election2023/><ref name="Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Karkala">{{cite news |title=Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Karkala |url=https://results.eci.gov.inhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karkala_Assembly_constituency&action=edit&section=6#/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS10122.htm?ac=122 |access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=13 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506092832/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS10122.htm?ac=122 |archive-date=6 May 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[V. Sunil Kumar]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 77,028 |percentage = 49.11% |change = {{decrease}}13.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Udaya Shetty Muniyal |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 72,426 |percentage = 46.18% |change = {{increase}}12.82 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pramod Muthalik |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,508 |percentage = 2.87% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 921 |percentage = 0.59% |change = {{decrease}}0.33 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,602 |percentage = 2.93% |change = {{decrease}}26.24 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 156,964 |percentage = 82.35% |change = {{increase}}1.69 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 156,843}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 190,611 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.29 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}13.41 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2018 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Karkala <ref name="election2018">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/6933-karnataka-2018/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2018 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 4 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[V. Sunil Kumar]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 91,245 |percentage = 62.52% |change = {{increase}}8.30 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[H. Gopal Bhandary]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 48,679 |percentage = 33.36% |change = {{decrease}}17.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Maksood Ahamed |party = All India Mahila Empowerment Party |votes = 1,817 |percentage = 1.25% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Uday Kumar |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,348 |percentage = 0.92% |change = {{increase}}0.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,340 |percentage = 0.92% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 42,566 |percentage = 29.17% |change = {{increase}}25.62 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 146,016 |percentage = 80.66% |change = {{decrease}}0.40 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 145,935}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 181,031 |ref = |change = {{increase}}12.43 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}8.30 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2013 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Karkala <ref>{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 : To the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |website=eci.nic.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=2014-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220034253/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[V. Sunil Kumar]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 65,039 |percentage = 54.22% |change = {{increase}}4.91 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[H. Gopal Bhandary]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 60,785 |percentage = 50.67% |change = {{decrease}}0.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Walter D'souza |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 1,302 |percentage = 1.09% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Anna Sunil Soans |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 878 |percentage = 0.73% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = U. K. Syad |party = Independent politician |votes = 873 |percentage = 0.73% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,254 |percentage = 3.55% |change = {{increase}}2.17 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 130,512 |percentage = 81.06% |change = {{increase}}2.91 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 119,957}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 161,012 |ref = |change = {{increase}}12.80 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}3.53 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Karkala <ref>{{cite web |title=General Election Karnataka Legislative Assembly 2008 Election Statistics |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |publisher=Government of Karnataka |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201232433/https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[H. Gopal Bhandary]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 56,529 |percentage = 50.69% |change = {{increase}}7.60 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[V. Sunil Kumar]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 54,992 |percentage = 49.31% |change = {{decrease}}3.76 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,537 |percentage = 1.38% |change = {{decrease}}8.61 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 111,546 |percentage = 78.15% |change = {{increase}}4.37 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 111,521}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 142,739 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.26 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}2.38 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Karkala <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006204912/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[V. Sunil Kumar]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 52,061 |percentage = 53.07% |change = {{increase}}16.60 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[H. Gopal Bhandary]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 42,266 |percentage = 43.09% |change = {{decrease}}19.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pandarinatha Shenoy. Y |party = Kannada Nadu Party |votes = 2,205 |percentage = 2.25% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Anand Bandimata. C |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 1,560 |percentage = 1.59% |change = {{increase}}0.75 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,795 |percentage = 9.99% |change = {{decrease}}16.22 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 98,185 |percentage = 73.78% |change = {{increase}}5.38 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 98,092}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 133,079 |ref = |change = {{increase}}12.72 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}9.61 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Karkala <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006053217/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[H. Gopal Bhandary]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 49,591 |percentage = 62.68% |change = {{increase}}16.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. P. Shenoy |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 28,857 |percentage = 36.47% |change = {{increase}}11.18 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. N. Jayakumar |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 668 |percentage = 0.84% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 20,734 |percentage = 26.21% |change = {{increase}}4.86 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 80,759 |percentage = 68.40% |change = {{decrease}}1.69 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 79,116}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,634 |percentage = 2.02% |change = {{increase}}0.63 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 118,064 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.53 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}16.04 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1994 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Karkala <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006211324/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Veerappa Moily]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 36,068 |percentage = 46.64% |change = {{decrease}}10.16 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. P. Shenoy |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 19,558 |percentage = 25.29% |change = {{increase}}15.06 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Balaraj Rai |party = Janata Dal |votes = 11,017 |percentage = 14.25% |change = {{decrease}}16.64 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. Kumara |party = Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee |votes = 9,545 |percentage = 12.34% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 16,510 |percentage = 21.35% |change = {{decrease}}4.56 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 78,418 |percentage = 70.09% |change = {{increase}}1.23 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 77,330}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,088 |percentage = 1.39% |change = {{decrease}}1.96 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 111,881 |ref = |change = {{increase}}2.73 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}10.16 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1989 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Karkala <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007070737/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Veerappa Moily]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 41,171 |percentage = 56.80% |change = {{increase}}3.61 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. K. Vijaya Kumar |party = Janata Dal |votes = 22,391 |percentage = 30.89% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. S. Bhandary |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 7,416 |percentage = 10.23% |change = {{decrease}}34.74 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chandrakeerthi Jain |party = Janata Party |votes = 1,077 |percentage = 1.49% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 18,780 |percentage = 25.91% |change = {{increase}}17.69 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 74,993 |percentage = 68.86% |change = {{decrease}}4.03 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 72,482}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 2,511 |percentage = 3.35% |change = {{increase}}2.35 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 108,913 |ref = |change = {{increase}}25.43 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}3.61 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Karkala <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006143216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Veerappa Moily]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 33,330 |percentage = 53.19% |change = {{increase}}1.34 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. K. Vijaya Kumar |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 28,178 |percentage = 44.97% |change = {{increase}}4.81 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,152 |percentage = 8.22% |change = {{decrease}}3.48 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 63,293 |percentage = 72.89% |change = {{increase}}3.24 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 62,663}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 630 |percentage = 1.00% |change = {{decrease}}0.52 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 86,829 |ref = |change = {{increase}}17.97 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}1.34 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Karkala <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124742/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Veerappa Moily]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 26,176 |percentage = 51.85% |change = {{increase}}48.64 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. K. Vijaya Kumar |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 20,272 |percentage = 40.16% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = A. C. Amin |party = Janata Party |votes = 3,352 |percentage = 6.64% |change = {{decrease}}32.30 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. Parmanand Kukian |party = Independent politician |votes = 682 |percentage = 1.35% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,904 |percentage = 11.70% |change = {{decrease}}4.92 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 51,259 |percentage = 69.65% |change = {{decrease}}7.86 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 50,482}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 777 |percentage = 1.52% |change = {{decrease}}0.05 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 73,600 |ref = |change = {{increase}}4.19 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{decrease}}3.71 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Karkala <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007164123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Veerappa Moily]] |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 29,941 |percentage = 55.56% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. K. Vijaya Kumar |party = Janata Party |votes = 20,985 |percentage = 38.94% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Vittal Salian |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 1,732 |percentage = 3.21% |change = {{decrease}}64.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = R. Nirmala Kumar |party = Independent politician |votes = 576 |percentage = 1.07% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. Krishna Moorthy |party = Independent politician |votes = 407 |percentage = 0.76% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,956 |percentage = 16.62% |change = {{decrease}}37.16 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 54,753 |percentage = 77.51% |change = {{increase}}14.25 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 53,893}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 860 |percentage = 1.57% |change = {{increase}}1.57 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 70,641 |ref = |change = {{increase}}17.04 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}12.17 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Karkala <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006074555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Veerappa Moily]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 25,360 |percentage = 67.73% |change = {{increase}}26.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sunder Hegde |party = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes = 5,224 |percentage = 13.95% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bola Raghurama Shetty |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 4,303 |percentage = 11.49% |change = {{decrease}}45.55 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Perody Vittal Shetty |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,214 |percentage = 5.91% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Y. Thanyappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 340 |percentage = 0.91% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 20,136 |percentage = 53.78% |change = {{increase}}38.00 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 38,184 |percentage = 63.26% |change = {{decrease}}5.42 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 37,441}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 60,356 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.39 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |swing = {{increase}}10.69 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Karkala <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006083645/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = B. R. Shetty |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 20,112 |percentage = 57.04% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. Hegde |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 14,548 |percentage = 41.26% |change = {{increase}}2.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. V. Kini |party = Independent politician |votes = 600 |percentage = 1.70% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,564 |percentage = 15.78% |change = {{decrease}}4.31 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 37,211 |percentage = 68.68% |change = {{increase}}4.05 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 35,260}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 54,182 |ref = |change = {{increase}}16.45 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |loser = Praja Socialist Party |swing = {{decrease}}2.01 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Karkala <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006093153/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Dayanand. R. Kalle |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 17,234 |percentage = 59.05% |change = {{increase}}21.87 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. K. Hegde |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 11,372 |percentage = 38.97% |change = {{decrease}}23.85 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = R. Devaraya Shenoy |party = Independent politician |votes = 578 |percentage = 1.98% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,862 |percentage = 20.09% |change = {{decrease}}5.55 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 30,071 |percentage = 64.63% |change = {{increase}}19.32 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 29,184}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 46,527 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}50.39 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Praja Socialist Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}3.77 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1957 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Karkala <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111195053/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Hegde Kanthappa Khedinji |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 26,696 |percentage = 62.82% |change = {{increase}}16.22 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sheonoy Devaraya Ranga. R |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 15,801 |percentage = 37.18% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Manjappa Ullal |party = Indian National Congress |votes = |percentage = |change = }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,895 |percentage = 25.64% |change = {{increase}}15.58 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 42,497 |percentage = 45.31% |change = {{decrease}}14.01 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 42,497}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 93,788 |ref = |change = {{increase}}41.12 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}16.22 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Madras State Legislative Assembly election]] : Karkala <ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title=Statistical Report on General Election 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras| url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf| access-date=2014-10-14|archive-date=27 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[A. B. Shetty]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 18,370 |percentage = 46.60% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dharmasamarajaya |party = Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party |votes = 14,404 |percentage = 36.54% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = R. Shenoi Devaraya |party = Independent politician |votes = 6,649 |percentage = 16.87% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,966 |percentage = 10.06% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 39,423 |percentage = 59.32% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 39,423}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 66,461 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Udupi district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Karnataka}}

{{coord|13.22|75|display=title}}

[[Category:Udupi district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Mysore State]]

Hindaun Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:23:25Z

Shamimulislam: Starting a stub

{{About|the Rajasthan constituency|other uses|Hindaun (disambiguation)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Rajasthan State, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Hindaun
| map_image = Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan-82-Hindaun.svg
| mla = [[Anita Jatav]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| incumbent_image =
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| state = [[Rajasthan]]
| district = [[Karauli district|Karauli]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Karauli–Dholpur Lok Sabha constituency|Karauli–Dholpur]]
| established = 1951
| reservation = SC
| electors = {{formatnum:276907}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/eci-backend/public/all_files/full-statistical-reports/rajasthan/2023/Detailed_Results.pdf |title=State Election,2023 to the legislative assembly of Rajasthan |website=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 12 February 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{update after|2029|1}}
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 82
}}
'''Hindaun Assembly constituency''' is one of the 200 [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Rajasthan]] state in [[India]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008 |website=Election Commission of India |date=26 November 2008 |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref><ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=https://ceorajasthan.nic.in/map/RAJASTHAN_ACS_MAP/RAJASTHAN_ACS_MAP.pdf |title=New Assembly Constituencies |website=ceorajasthan.nic.in |date=25 January 2006| access-date=12 February 2021}}</ref> It is in [[Karauli district|Karauli]] district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Castes]]. It is a part of the [[Karauli-Dholpur (Lok Sabha constituency)]].

The constituency covers all voters from [[Hindaun|Hindaun tehsil]].<ref name="election2008">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order 2008]</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year!!Name!!colspan=2|Party
|-
| 1951 || Riddhi Chandra|| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<ref name="election1951">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_Raj.pdf 1951 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| 1957 || Chhanega<ref name="election1957">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Rajasthan_1957.pdf 1957 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| 1962 || Sharwan Lal Jatav || {{Full party name with color|Jana Sangh}}<ref name="election1962">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Rajasthan_1962.pdf 1962 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| 1967 || Sharwan Lal Jatav || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh|rowspan=2}}<ref name="election1967">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Rajasthan%201967.pdf 1967 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| 1972 ||Umedi Lal Jatav<ref name="election1972">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_RJ_72.pdf 1972 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| 1977 || Sharwan Lal Jatav || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<ref name="election1977">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Rajasthan.pdf 1977 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| 1980 || [[Bharosi Lal Jatav]]<ref name="election1980">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Rajasthan.pdf 1980 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| 1985 || Umedi Lal Jatav || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<ref name="election1985">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%201985%20Rajasthan.pdf 1985 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| 1990|| [[Bharosi Lal Jatav]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}<ref name="election1990">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_RJ_90.pdf 1990 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| 1993 || Kamal Ram Koli || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<ref name="election1993">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatRep_RJ_93.pdf 1993 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| 1998 || [[Bharosi Lal Jatav]]|| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<ref name="election1998">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-RAJ98.pdf 1998 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| 2003 || Kalu Ram Jatav|| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Lok Dal}}<ref name="election2003">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_NOV_2003/StatisticalReports_RAJ_Nov2003.pdf 2003 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| 2008 || [[Bharosi Lal Jatav]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<ref name="election2008-1">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2008/Stats_report_RJ2008.pdf 2008 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| 2013 || [[Rajkumari Jatav]]|| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| [[Bharosi Lal Jatav]]<ref name=election2018/>
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|[[Anita Jatav]]
|-
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]: Hindaun<ref name="election2023"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Anita Jatav
|votes = {{formatnum:91627}}
|percentage = 48.89
|change = -7.4
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Rajkumari Jatav
|votes = {{formatnum:53351}}
|percentage = 28.47
|change = -13.42
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Brajesh Kumar Jatav
|votes = {{formatnum:29777}}
|percentage = 15.89
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jannayak Janata Party
|candidate = Gayatri Koli
|votes = {{formatnum:6372}}
|percentage = 3.4
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Shoshit Samaj Sangharsh Samta Party
|candidate = Kusum Lata
|votes = {{formatnum:1782}}
|percentage = 0.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1686}}
|percentage = 0.9
|change = -0.05
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:38276}}
|percentage = 20.42
|change = +6.02
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:187418}}
|percentage = 67.68
|change = -6.03
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|Rajasthan Legislative Assembly Election, 2018]]: Hindaun<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9645-statistical-data-of-rajasthan-la-2018/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan LA (Legislative Assembly Election) 2018 |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = Bharosi Lal
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:104694}}
|percentage = 56.29
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Manju Khairwal
|votes = {{formatnum:77914}}
|percentage = 41.89
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1761}}
|percentage = 0.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:26780}}
|percentage = 14.4
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:185998}}
|percentage = 73.71
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[List of constituencies of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Hindaun City]]
*[[Karauli District]]
*[[Educational institutions in Hindaun Subdivision]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan}}

{{coord|26.74|77.03|display=title}}

[[Category:Karauli district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Politics of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Hindaun]]

Bobbili Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:20:25Z

Shamimulislam: made basic article w/ infobox

{{Short description|Constituency of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bobbili
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh (14-Bobbili highlighted).png
| map_caption = Location of Bobbili Assembly constituency within Andhra Pradesh
| mla = [[R. V. Sujay Krishna Ranga Rao|R. V. S. K. K. Ranga Rao (Babynayana)]]
| party = {{Party index link|Telugu Desam Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| district = [[Vizianagaram district|Vizianagaram]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Vizianagaram Lok Sabha constituency|Vizianagaram]]
| constituency_no = 14
| established = 1951
| reservation = None
| electors = 220,017
| type = SLA
}}

'''Bobbili Assembly constituency''' is a constituency in [[Vizianagaram district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] that elects representatives to the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceoandhra.nic.in/ceoap_new/ceo/documents/Electors_Summary%20_25.03.2019.pdf|title=Electors Summary|date=25 May 2019|website=Chief Electoral Officer, Andhra Pradesh|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref> It is one of the seven assembly segments of [[Vizianagaram Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="constituencies">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|date=17 December 2018|website=The Election Commission of India|pages=17, 30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003220916/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|archive-date=3 October 2018|url-status=dead|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref>

R. V. S. K. K. Ranga Rao (Babynayana) is the current [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of the constituency, having won the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Telugu Desam Party]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Assembly Election 2019 |url=http://results.eci.gov.in/ac/en/constituencywise/ConstituencywiseS011.htm |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=24 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524074223/http://results.eci.gov.in/ac/en/constituencywise/ConstituencywiseS011.htm |archive-date=24 May 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Staff Reporter |title=Many MLAs in the race for berths in Jagan's Cabinet |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/many-mlas-in-the-race-for-berths-in-jagans-cabinet/article27240704.ece |access-date=25 May 2019 |work=The Hindu |date=25 May 2019 |language=en-IN}}</ref> As of 2019, there are a total of 220,017 electors in the constituency.<ref name="electors">{{cite web|url=http://ceoandhra.nic.in/ceoap_new/ceo/documents/Electors_Summary%20_25.03.2019.pdf|title=Electors Summary|date=25 May 2019|website=Chief Electoral Officer, Andhra Pradesh|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref>{{update after|2024}} The constituency was established in 1951, as per the ''Delimitation Orders (1951)''.

== Mandals ==
The four [[Tehsil|mandals]] that form the assembly constituency are:<ref name="constituencies" />
{{srn}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
!Mandal
|-
| [[Bobbili mandal|Bobbili]]
|-
| [[Ramabhadrapuram mandal|Ramabhadrapuram]]
|-
| [[Badangi mandal|Badangi]]
|-
| [[Therlam]]
|}

<mapframe text="Mandals in Bobbili Assembly Constituency" width=400 height=400 align=center >{ "type": "ExternalData", "service": "geoshape", "ids": "Q17049897,Q59850839,Q59850832,Q59850827"}</mapframe>

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" | Political party
|-
| [[1955 Andhra State Legislative Assembly election|1955]]
| Kotagiri Sitharama Swamy
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| Tentu Lakshmu Naidu
|-
| [[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| [[Ramakrishna Ranga Rao of Bobbili|S. R. K. R. Rao]]
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| [[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| C. V. Krishna Rao
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| Kolli Venkata Kurmi Naidu
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
| rowspan=2 |Sambangi Venkata China Appalanaidu
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
| [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| Jagan Mohana Rao Peddinti
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]]
| Sambangi Venkata China Appala Naidu
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
| [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
| Jagan Mohana Rao Peddinti
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
| rowspan=3 |[[Ravu Venkata Sujay Krishna Rangarao]]
|-
| [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
|-
| [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| {{Full party name with color|YSR Congress Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
| Sambangi Venkata China Appalanaidu
|-
| [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| [[Ravu Venkata Swetha Chalapathi Kumara Krishna Rangarao|R. V. S. K. K. Ranga Rao (Babynayana)]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|}

== Election results ==

=== 2024 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]:
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate =
|votes =
|percentage =
|change = {{Increase}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = YSR Congress Party
|candidate =
|votes =
|percentage =
|change = {{Decrease}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party =
|candidate =
|votes =
|percentage =
|change = --
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Remaining
|candidate = "" Candidates
|votes =
|percentage =
|change = {{Decrease}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = NOTA
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes =
|percentage =
|change = {{Increase}}
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change = {{Increase}}
}}
{{Election box registered electors
| reg. electors =
| change = {{Increase}}
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner =
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]:
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = YSR Congress Party
|candidate =
|votes =
|percentage =
|change = {{Increase}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate =
|votes =
|percentage =
|change = {{Decrease}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party =
|candidate =
|votes =
|percentage =
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Remaining
|candidate = "" Candidates
|votes =
|percentage =
|change = {{Decrease}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = NOTA
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes =
|percentage =
|change = {{Increase}}
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change = {{Increase}}
}}
{{Election box registered electors
| reg. electors =
| change = {{Increase}}
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner =
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2014 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]:
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{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
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{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Remaining
|candidate = "" Candidates
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{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = NOTA
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
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{{Election box end}}

===1952===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Madras State Legislative Assembly election]]: Bobbili<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=27 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kolli kuruni naidu|party=Socialist Party (India) |votes=18,263 |percentage=49.48% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kotagiri Seetharamaswami |party=Indian National Congress |votes=13,877 |percentage=37.60% |change=37.60% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anjajala Venkatesan |party=Krishikar Lok Party |votes=4,770 |percentage=12.92% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,386 |percentage=11.88% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=36,910 |percentage=60.19% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 61,326 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Samajwadi Party |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1955 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1955 Andhra State Legislative Assembly election]]: Bobbili}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Kotagiri Swamy|votes=14,031|percentage=41.77|change={{increase}}4.17}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Praja Socialist Party|candidate=Tentu Naidu|votes=13,674|percentage=40.70|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Sunkarapelli Nayya|votes=4,488|percentage=13.36|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Adabala Sitharamayya|votes=1,400|percentage=4.17|Change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=357|percentage=1.07|change={{decrease}}10.81}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=33,593|percentage=52.90|change={{decrease}}7.29}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Socialist Party (India)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1962 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Bobbili}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Tentu Naidu|votes=27,978|percentage=77.77|change={{increase}}36}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Praja Socialist Party|candidate=Ari Gangayya|votes=7,993|percentage=22.22|change={{decrease}}18.48}}
{{Election box majority||votes=19,985|percentage=55.55|change={{increase}}54.48}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=35,971|percentage=79.2|change={{decrease}}0.6}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1967 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Bobbili}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=[[R. S. Ramakrishna Ranga Rao]]|votes=42,065|percentage=75.70|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=L. Thentu|votes=13,504|percentage=24.30|change={{decrease}}53.47}}
{{Election box majority||votes=28,561|percentage=51.40|change={{decrease}}4.15}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=55,569|percentage=83.60|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Independent
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1972 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Bobbili}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=C. V. Rao|votes=29,925|percentage=50.34|change={{increase}}1.31}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Kollivenkata Kuriminaidu|votes=27,578|percentage=46.40|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Rama Rao|votes=1,937|percentage=3.26|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=2,347|percentage=3.94|change={{decrease}}47.46}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=59,440|percentage=74.41|change={{increase}}1.16}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Independent
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1978 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Bobbili}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Janata Party|candidate=Kolli Naidu|votes=29,184|percentage=42.1|change={{decrease}}4.3}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Reddy Sao|votes=15,707|percentage=22.7|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress (I)|candidate=Chappa Naidu|votes=11,226|percentage=16.2|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Marrapu Satynarayana|votes=6,915|percentage=10.0|Change={{decrease}}40.34}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Sala Rao|votes=4,703|percentage=6.8|Change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Reddy Krishnamurthy|votes=1,515|percentage=2.2|Change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=13,477|percentage=18.9|change={{increase}}14.96}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=71,204|percentage=84.1|change={{increase}}9.69}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1983 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Bobbili}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=Sambangi Appalanaidu|votes=40,610|percentage=60.2|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Krishnamurthy Vasireddi|votes=23,660|percentage=35.0|change={{increase}}18.8}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Kasturi Gowrisankararaju|votes=2,197|percentage=3.3|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Botcha Ramulu|votes=1,047|percentage=1.6|Change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=16,950|percentage=24.6|change={{increase}}5.7}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=68,829|percentage=77.8|change={{decrease}}6.3}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1985 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Bobbili}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party= Telugu Desam Party|candidate= Sambangi Appalanaidu|votes=44,875|percentage=72.2|change={{increase}}12}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party= Indian National Congress|candidate=Inuganti Murty|votes=15,427|percentage=24.8|change={{decrease}}10.2}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party= Independent|candidate=Botsa Ramula|votes=792|percentage=1.3|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Vasireddi Kumar|votes=430|percentage=0.7|Change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Adinarayana Thelu|votes=341|percentage=0.6|Change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Arasada Satyam|votes=279|percentage=0.5|Change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=29,448|percentage=46.5|change={{increase}}21.9}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=63,307|percentage=66.4|change={{decrease}}11.4}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1989 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Bobbili}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Jagan Peddinti|votes=41,809|percentage=49.5|change={{increase}}24.7}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=China Venkata|votes=41,711|percentage=49.4|change={{decrease}}22.8}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Madasi Mahalakshmi|votes=899|percentage=1.1|change=''New''}}
{{Election box majority||votes=98|percentage=0.1|change={{decrease}}46.4}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=87,958|percentage=79.4|change={{increase}}13}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Telugu Desam Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1994 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Bobbili}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party= Telugu Desam Party|candidate= Sambangi Naidu|votes=38,725|percentage=41.7|change={{decrease}}7.7}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party= Indian National Congress|candidate=Jagan Peddinti|votes=32,638|percentage=35.1|change={{decrease}}14.4}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party= Independent|candidate=Vakada Rao|votes=13,557|percentage=14.6|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janta Party|candidate=Reddi Rao|votes=6,063|percentage=6.5|Change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Botcha Simhachalam|votes=601|percentage=0.7|Change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Gottapu Naidu|votes=388|percentage=0.4|Change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Botsa Ramulu|votes=86|percentage=0.1|Change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Botsa Ramulu|votes=380|percentage=0.4|Change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=6,087|percentage=6.4|change={{increase}}6.3}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=94,606|percentage=79.8|change={{increase}}0.4}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1999 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Bobbili}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Jagan Mohana Rao Peddinti|votes=50,803|percentage=54.5|change={{increase}}19.4}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=Appala China|votes=41,491|percentage=44.5|change={{increase}}2.8}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Anna Telugu Desam Party|candidate=Appala Meesala|votes=677|percentage=0.7|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Appalaswamy Kalipindi|votes=146|percentage=0.2|Change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Botsa Ramulu|votes=86|percentage=0.1|Change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=9,312|percentage=9.8|change={{increase}}3.4}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=95,155|percentage=79.2|change={{decrease}}0.6}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Telugu Desam Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2004 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Bobbili}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Ravu Venkata Sujay Krishna Rangarao]]|votes=53,581|percentage=53.81|change=-0.70}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=Appalanaidu S.V.Ch.|votes=40,891|percentage=41.06|change=-3.46}}
{{Election box majority||votes=12,690|percentage=12.75|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=99,583|percentage=81.93|change=+4.37}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2009 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Bobbili}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Ravu Venkata Sujay Krishna Rangarao]]|votes=75,697|percentage=49.13|change=-4.68}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[Thentu Lakshmu Naidu]]|votes=51,525|percentage=33.44|change=-7.62}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Praja Rajyam Party|candidate=Venkataramana Merupalli|votes=15,115|percentage=9.81|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent
|candidate=Kolli Yerukunaidu
|votes=11,876|percentage=8.98|
Change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=24,172|percentage=15.69|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=154,065|percentage=76.25|change=-5.68}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
* [[List of constituencies of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh}}
{{Coord|18.57|83.37|display=title}}
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Vizianagaram district]]
[[Category:Politics of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]

Sindhis in India

2026-04-03T10:49:34Z

Shamimulislam: creating a data.

{{Short description|Socio-ethnic group of people originating from Sindh}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=March 2023}}
{{Original research|date=March 2023}}
}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
|group = Sindhis in India
|image =
|caption =
|pop = '''2,772,364''' (2011 census)<ref name=":0"/>
|popplace = {{hlist|[[Gujarat]]|[[Maharashtra]]|[[Rajasthan]]|[[Madhya Pradesh]]|[[Chhattisgarh]]|[[Delhi]]|[[Uttar Pradesh]]|[[Assam]]|[[Karnataka]]|[[Andhra Pradesh]]|[[Goa]]|various [[#Resettlement of migrants|other locations]]}}
|langs = {{hlist|[[Sindhi language|Sindhi]]|[[Hindi]]<ref name=" in"/>|[[Indian English|English]]<ref name=" in">{{cite journal|url =https://brill.com/view/journals/joss/1/1/article-p1_3.xml?language=en|title =Like Community, Like Language: Seventy-Five Years of Sindhi in Post-Partition India|year = 2021|journal =Journal of Sindhi Studies|doi =10.1163/26670925-bja10002|access-date = 12 November 2021|last1 =Iyengar|first1 =Arvind|last2 =Parchani|first2 =Sundri|volume =1|pages =1–32|s2cid =246551773|doi-access =free}}</ref>|[[Languages of India|others]]}}
|rels = [[Hinduism]] Minority: [[Sikhism]]{{·}}[[Christianity]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-sindhi-conversions-in-ulhasnagar-raise-a-storm-1351837|title=Sindhi conversions in Ulhasnagar raise a storm|work=DNA India|date=24 February 2010|accessdate=8 July 2020|first=Kiran|last=Tare|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205062137/https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-sindhi-conversions-in-ulhasnagar-raise-a-storm-1351837|archivedate=5 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>{{·}}[[Islam]]<ref name="Butalia2015">{{cite book|author=Urvashi Butalia|title=Partition: The Long Shadow|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0E3WBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT65|date=24 February 2015|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|isbn=978-93-5118-949-7|pages=65–}}</ref>
|related-c =
|footnotes = {{ubl|{{note|a|a}}The census figure only records individuals who speak Sindhi as their first language, rather than the total number of individuals of full or partial Sindhi ancestry.}}
}}
'''Sindhis in India''' or '''Indian Sindhis''' (सिन्धी, سنڌي, ''Sindhī''), refer to a socio-ethnic group of [[Sindhis|Sindhi]] people living in the [[India|Republic of India]], originating from [[Sind Province (1936–1955)|Sindh]] region.

After the 1947 [[Partition of India]] into the dominions of the new Muslim-majority [[Dominion of Pakistan|Pakistan]] and remaining Hindu-majority [[Dominion of India|India]], a million [[Sindhi Hindus|non-Muslim Sindhis]] migrated to independent India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theheritagelab.in/sindhi-voices-partition/|title=Sindhi Voices from the Partition|date=15 August 2019 |publisher=The HeritageLab.in|access-date=8 June 2020}}</ref><ref>Rita Kothari, Burden of population: Sindh, Gujarat, Partition, Orient Blackswan</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://tribune.com.pk/story/388663/who-orchestrated-the-exodus-of-sindhi-hindus-after-partition |title = Who orchestrated the exodus of Sindhi Hindus after Partition? |last=Nil |date=June 4, 2012 |website = tribune.com.pk |publisher=The Express Tribune |accessdate = 29 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author = NANDITA BHAVNANI |title = THE MAKING OF EXILE: SINDHI HINDUS AND THE PARTITION OF INDIA |date=2014 |isbn = 978-93-84030-33-9 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=n_8aBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT330}}</ref> As per the 2011 census of India, there are 2,772,364 Sindhi speakers in the Indian Republic.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Statement-1.pdf|title=Census of India 2011|last=Data on Language and Mother Tongue|date=|page= 7|website=|access-date=}}</ref> However, this number does not include ethnic Sindhis who no longer speak the language and also includes [[Kutchi people|Kutchis]] who may not identify as ethnic Sindhis (especially those in [[Gujarat]]).

== History ==
Sindhi people have lived in the western part of India even before the [[partition of India]] in 1947. The regions such as [[Kutch district|Kutch]], [[Kathiawar|Kathiawad]] (Saurashtra), [[Jaisalmer district|Jaisalmer]], and [[Barmer district|Barmer]] have historically shared borders with Sindh (now in Pakistan). This geographical proximity contributed to the migration and settlement of Sindhi people in these regions over centuries, likely starting from ancient times since the [[Indus Valley Civilisation|Indus Valley Civilization]] period.

=== Sindhi Muslims ===
Many Sindhi Muslims have been living in western India for a long time, and even after the partition, they chose to reside there. Some of these muslim Sindhis migrated for trade, jobs, herding and farming. Among them, the [[Sandhai Muslims|Sindhi Muslims]] of Gujarat and the [[Sindhi Sipahi]] of Rajasthan are particularly well-known.

=== Sindhi Hindus ===
{{Main article|Sindhi Hindus}}
Many of the Sindhi Hindus migrated to India after partition in 1947. They were settled in military camps in different cities of India.

=== Sindhi Sikhs ===
{{Main article|Sikhism in Sindh}}
With the teachings of [[Guru Nanak]] during one of his travels to [[Sindh]], many Hindu Sindhis adopted [[Sikhism]]. Many Hindu Sindhi women learned the [[Gurmukhī alphabet]] to enable them to read the [[Guru Granth Sahib]]. Many [[Amils]], a sect of Hindu Sindhis, adopted [[Sikhism]]. There used to be a time, before the [[partition of India]], when many non-Muslim Sindhis were [[Sehajdhari]]/[[Nanakpanthi]] Sikhs.

During the early 1900s, the [[Chief Khalsa Diwan]] of [[Amritsar]] sent out missionary groups once a year to [[Sindh]] to work among the [[Sehajdhari]] Sindhis. Over a period of 30 years, with scarce resources, this missionary activity increased from 1,000 [[Keshdhari]] Sindhis in 1901 to over 39,000 in 1941, a significant number in those days.

The bond of the Sehajdhari Sindhis with [[Sikhism]] is legendary. Like the Sikhs of [[Punjab region|Punjab]], the Sehajdhari Sikhs of Sindh also left behind their homeland and are now dispersed all over India and abroad. Their main pilgrimage centres are [[Nankana Sahib]] and [[Gurdwara Dera Sahib|Dera Sahib]] in [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], and [[Sadh Belo|Sadh Bela]] near [[Sukkur]] in Sindh. Sadh Bela is an [[Udasi]] shrine built in 1823.

==Independence of India and Partition of India ==
{{See also|Indian independence movement|Partition of India}}

After the Partition of India, the majority of the minority [[Hindu]]s and [[Sikh]]s in Pakistan migrated to India, while the [[Muslim]] migrants from India settled down in Pakistan. Approximately 10 million Hindus and Sikhs migrated to India, while nearly an equal number of Muslims migrated to newly created Pakistan from India. [[Sindhi Hindus |Hindu Sindhis]] were expected to stay in [[Sindh]] following the partition, as there were good relations between Hindu and Muslim Sindhis. At the time of partition, there were 1,400,000 Hindu Sindhis, though most were concentrated in cities such as [[Hyderabad, Sindh|Hyderabad]], [[Karachi]], [[Shikarpur, Pakistan|Shikarpur]], and [[Sukkur]]. However, many Sindhi Hindus decided to leave Pakistan.

Problems were further aggravated when incidents of violence broke out in [[Karachi]] after partition. According to the census of India 1951, nearly 776,000 Sindhi Hindus were forced to migrate to India.<ref>{{cite book |title = The Global World of Indian Merchants, 1750–1947 |last= Markovits |first = Claude |year = 2000 |publisher= [[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn = 0-521-62285-9 |page = [https://archive.org/details/globalworldindia00mark/page/n295 278] |url=https://archive.org/details/globalworldindia00mark|url-access = limited }}</ref> Despite this migration of Hindus, a significant Sindhi Hindu population still resides in Pakistan's [[Sindh]] province where they numbered around 2.28 million in 1998<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0972266119980219 | doi=10.1177/0972266119980219 | title=Data Census of India | journal=Review of Development and Change | year=1998 | volume=3 | issue=2 | pages=389–393 | s2cid=220123895 | doi-access=free | url-access=subscription }}</ref> and 4.21 million as per the 2017 census of Pakistan, while the Sindhi Hindus in India numbered 2.57 million in 2001.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.india.gov.in/census-2001-data-online | title=Census 2001 Data Online| National Portal of India }}</ref> As of 2011 population was around 2.77 million out of which around 1.7 million (17 lakh) speak Sindhi and around 1 million speak [[Kutchi language|Kachchhi]].<ref name=":0" />

The responsibility of rehabilitating migrants was borne by their respective governments. [[Refugee|Camps for Migrant]] were set up for Hindu Sindhis. Many people abandoned their fixed assets and crossed newly formed borders. Many migrants overcame the trauma of poverty, though the loss of a homeland has had a stronger and lasting effect on their [[Sindhi culture]]. In 1967, the Government of India recognized the [[Sindhi language]] as a fifteenth official language of India in two scripts. In late 2004, the [[Sindhi diaspora]] vociferously opposed a Public Interest Litigation in the [[Supreme Court of India]], which asked the Government of India to delete the word "Sindh" from the Indian National Anthem (written by [[Rabindranath Tagore]] before the partition) because it infringed upon the sovereignty of Pakistan.

==Resettlement of migrants==
{{Sindhis}}

===Adipur===
Soon after the partition of Pakistan from India in 1947, a large group of migrants from [[Sindh]] in [[Pakistan]] came to India. [[Adipur]] was founded by the Indian government as a Migrant camp. Its management was later passed onto a self-governing body called the Sindhu Resettlement Corporation (SRC). The person credited with the formation of this settlement was Bhai Pratap Dialdas, who requested the land from [[Mohandas Gandhi]] for the mostly Sindhi immigrants from Pakistan. {{convert|15000|acre|km2}} of land was donated by the Maharaj of Kutch, His Highness Maharao Shri Vijayrajji Khengarji Jadeja, at the request of Mohan Das Gandhi, because it was felt that the climate and culture of Kutch resembled that of Sindh.<ref name=S>{{cite web |url=http://www.sindhology.org/sindhiyat.asp |title=Welcome to Indian Institute of Sindhology |access-date=2010-01-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107184623/http://www.sindhology.org/sindhiyat.asp |archive-date=2010-01-07 }} "Maharaja of Kutch, on advice of Mohan DasGandhi, gave 15000 acres of land to Bhai Pratab, who founded Sindhu Resettlement Corporation to rehabilitate Sindhi Hindus uprooted from their motherland."</ref> Adipur, like [[Gandhidham]], was built on the donated land to rehabilitate Hindu Sindhi migrants coming from Sindh. The Indian Institute of Sindhology established at Adipur, Gandhidham (Kutch), is a centre for advanced studies and research in fields related to the [[Sindhi language]] .<ref name=S/>

===Ahmedabad===
Ahmedabad's population increased dramatically when many households and individuals of Hindu Sindhi descendants arrived from Pakistan to migrate to Ahmedabad. Kubernagar was established with barracks (houses), which were allocated to the migrants who arrived in Ahmedabad.

===Gandhidham===
The [[Maharaja of Kutch]], His Highness [[Vijayaraji|Maharao Shri Vijayrajji Khengarji]] [[Jadeja]], at the request of [[Mahatma Gandhi|Mohandas Gandhi]], gave 15,000 acres (61  km2) of land to Bhai Pratap, who founded the Sindhu Resettlement Corporation to rehabilitate Sindhi Hindus uprooted from their motherland.<ref name="S" /> The Sindhi Resettlement Corporation (SRC) was formed with [[J. B. Kripalani|Acharaya Kriplani]] as chairman and [[Bhai Pratap Dialdas]] as managing director. The main objective of the corporation was to assist in the rehousing of displaced persons by the construction of a new town on a site a few miles inland from the location selected by the [[Government of India]] for the new port of [[Kandla]] on the [[Gulf of Kachchh]]. The first plan was prepared by a team of planners headed by Dr O. H. Koenigsberger, director of the Government of India's division of housing. This plan was subsequently revised by Adams, Howard and Greeley Company in 1952. The town's foundation stone was laid with the blessings of [[Mahatma Gandhi|Mohandas Gandhi]], and hence the town was named [[Gandhidham]].

===Ulhasnagar===
[[Ulhasnagar]], [[Maharashtra]] is a municipal town and the headquarters of the [[Tehsil]] bearing the same name. It is a railway station on the [[Mumbai]]-[[Pune]] route of the [[Central Railway (India)|Central Railway]]. Ulhasnagar, a colony of Sindhi Hindu migrants, is 61 years old. Situated 58 km from Mumbai, the once-barren land has developed into a town in the [[Thane district]], [[Maharashtra]]. Originally, known as Kalyan Military transit camp (or Kalyan Camp), Ulhasnagar was set up especially to accommodate 6,000 soldiers and 30,000 others during [[World War II]]. There were 2,126 barracks and about 1,173 housed personnel. The majority of barracks had large central halls with rooms attached to either end. The camp had a deserted look at the end of the war and served as a ready and ideal ground for the partition migrants. Sindhi migrants, in particular, began life anew in Ulhasnagar after the [[partition of India]].

===Cox Town, Bangalore===
Migrant Sindhi Hindus from [[Hyderabad, Sindh|Hyderabad]] migrated to Bangalore through Mumbai and Goa. A community housing society was created in [[Cox Town, Bangalore|Cox Town]], with a temple, Sindhi Association and a Sindhi Social Hall, a community hub for celebrations, marriages and festivals such as Holi and Guru Nanak Jayanti. The immigration of the community resulted in the introduction of Sindhi culture and cuisine to the city.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/discovering-the-heart-of-sindh-in-cox-town/article4885890.ece Discovering the heart of Sindh] in [[Cox Town, Bangalore|Cox Town]], 6 July 2013</ref>

== Official status of the Sindhi language ==
{{See also|Languages with official status in India}}

Although [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] was not a regional language in a well-defined area, there were persistent demands from the Sindhi-speaking people for the inclusion of Sindhi language in the [[Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India|Eighth Schedule of the Constitution]]. The Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities also recommended the inclusion. On 4 November 1966, it was announced that the Government had decided to include the Sindhi language in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution. At the 2001 census, there were 2,571,526 Sindhi speakers in India.

== Present day ==
The Sindhi people live mainly in the north-western part of India. Many [[Sindhis]] inhabit the states of [[Rajasthan]], [[Gujarat]], [[Maharashtra]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]] as well as the Indian capital of [[New Delhi]]. Most Sindhis of India follow the [[Hinduism|Hindu]] religion (90%), although Sindhi [[Sikh]]s are a prominent minority (5-10%). There are many Sindhis living in various cities in India, including [[Jalgaon]] (MH), [[Ulhasnagar]] (MH), [[Kalyan]] (MH), [[Mumbai]], [[Mumbai Suburban]], [[Thane]], [[Pune]], [[Gandhidham]], [[Surat]], [[Vadodara]], [[Rajkot]], [[Jamnagar]], [[Adipur]], [[Gandhinagar]], [[Ahmedabad]], [[Bhavnagar]], [[Bhopal]] (Bairagarh), [[Ajmer]], [[Jaisalmer]], [[Delhi]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Jaipur]], [[Bangalore]], [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Chennai]], [[Raipur]], [[Indore]], [[Gondia]], [[Nagpur]], [[Jabalpur]], [[Katni]] (MP), [[Narsinghpur]], [[Satna]] (MP), [[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]], [[Rewa, Madhya Pradesh|Rewa]], [[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]], [[Dhule]], [[Maihar]], [[Itarsi]], [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]] (MH), [[Kolkata]], [[Lucknow]], [[Kanpur]], [[Agra]], [[Varanasi]], National Capital Region, etc.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Population break up by states (Census of India 2011)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Part-A.pdf|title=Language by States|work=Census of India|last=|first=|date=|access-date=}}</ref>
!State
!Population
!% of total
|-
|Gujarat
| 1,184,000
|42.7%
|-
|Maharashtra
| 724,000
|26.1%
|-
|Rajasthan
| 387,000
|13.9%
|-
|Madhya Pradesh
| 245,000
|8.8%
|-
|Chhattisgarh
| 93,000
|3.4%
|-
|Delhi
| 31,000
|1.1%
|-
|Uttar Pradesh
| 29,000
|1.0%
|-
|Assam
| 20,000
|0.7%
|-
|Karnataka
| 17,000
|0.6%
|-
|Andhra pradesh
| 11,000
|0.4%
|}
Sindhi people today are one of the very successful and rich communities of India; they have contributed a lot into development of India, and Sindhis also contribute to the Indian GDP. Some of the famous Indian Sindhi business groups are [[Hinduja Group]], [[Raheja Developers]], [[Hiranandani Group]] etc.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aggarwal |first=Saaz |date=2022-08-13 |title=How refugees from Sindh rebuilt their lives – and India – after Partition |url=https://scroll.in/article/1030368/the-story-of-sindh-and-how-its-refugees-rebuilt-their-lives-and-india-after-partition |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref>

== Sindhi culture ==
Sindhi people belong to one of the oldest civilizations of human history. Sindhis have a rich and clearly distinct [[cultural heritage]] and history. Many new generation Sindhis are trying their best to preserve their culture, heritage and language.

=== Sindhi cuisine ===
{{Main article|Sindhi cuisine}}
Sindhi cuisine is quite popular all over India. Sindhis have unique traditional dishes which the cook.

=== Sindhi festivals ===
{{Main article|List of Sindhi festivals|List of Sindhi Hindu festivals}}
Sindhis are very festive. Their most important festival is [[Cheti Chand]], the birthday of [[Jhulelal (Hinduism)|Lord Jhulelal]]. Besides this, they celebrate Akhand teej ([[Akshaya Tritiya]]) and Teejri ([[Teej]]).

== Institutes established by Sindhi Hindus ==
Following is the list of Institutes, Colleges, Universities established and run by Sindhi Hindus in [[India]] and abroad.
* [[D. J. Sindh Government Science College]]
* [[Narayan Jagannath High School]]

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Institute Name
! Type
! Language of instruction
! Location
! Founder
! Founded
! Notes
|-
| ''[[Hyderabad (Sind) National Collegiate Board]]'' ({{langx|sd|حيدرآباد (سنڌ) نيشنل ڪاليجيئيٽ بورڊ}})
| [[Education]], [[Nonprofit organization]]
| [[English language|English]]
| [[Ahmedabad]]
| [[K.M. Kundnani|Principal Khushiram Motiram Kundnani]] & [[Hotchand Gopaldas Advani|Late Barrister Hotchand Gopaldas Advani]]
| 1922
| To be at the frontline of human knowledge and work towards the fulfilment of cultural, scientific, intellectual and humane needs of society in general and students in particular; to enrich and enhance the economic vitality and quality of life, while being firmly rooted in the rich Indian ethos and belief
|-
| ''[[C. H. M. College]]'' ({{langx|sd|چندِيٻائي هِمٿمل منسُکاڻي ڪاليج}})
| [[College]]
| [[English language|English]]
| [[Ulhasnagar]], [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| [[K.M. Kundnani|Principal K.M. Kundnani]] & [[Hotchand Gopaldas Advani|Barrister Hotchand G. Advani]]
| 1 January 1964
| Starting as an institution to cater to the aspirations of the minority Sindhi community, after being displaced from their native land [[Sindh]], now in [[Pakistan]] because of the [[partition of India]] on 15 August 1947.
|-
| ''[[Thadomal Shahani Engineering College]]'' ({{langx|sd|ٿڌومل شاهاڻِي انجنيئرنگ ڪاليج}})
| [[Education]] and [[Research]] [[Institution]]
| [[English language|English]]
| [[Bandra]], [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| [[Hyderabad (Sind) National Collegiate Board|HSNC Board]]
| 1983
| Named by one of Mumbai's most respected philanthropists, Dada Kishinchand T Shahani, after his father, Thadomal Shahani.
|-
| ''[[Vivekanand Education Society]]'' ({{langx|sd|ويويڪانند ايجوڪيشن سوسائٽي}})
| [[Education]] and [[Research]] [[Institution]]
| [[English language|English]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| [[Chembur]], [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| [[Vivekanand Education Society Trust]]
| 1962
| Established by social worker and educationist [[Hashu Advani]], VES today manages several schools, colleges, and professional institutes, including [[VES College of Arts, Science & Commerce]], [[VES Institute of Technology]], and [[VES Institute of Management Studies and Research]].
|-
| ''[[Kishinchand Chellaram College]]'' ({{langx|sd|ڪشنچند چيلارام ڪاليج}})
| [[College]]
| [[English language|English]]
| [[Mumbai]]
| [[Hyderabad (Sind) National Collegiate Board|HSNC Board]]
| 1954
| It was the second institution that the Management set up in Bombay after it relocated itself in the city, following the aftermath of Partition. The onus of the task was taken up by the late founders, principal K.M. Kundnani and barrister Hotchand Advani, who helped set up K.C. College and several other educational institutions. Kundnani and Advani were the pillars of that [[Hyderabad (Sind) National Collegiate Board|board]].
|-
| ''[[Smt. M.M.K College of Commerce & Economics]]'' ({{langx|sd|مٺِي ٻائي مُوتيرام ڪُندناڻِي ڪاليج}})
| [[College]]
| [[English language|English]]
| [[Bandra]], [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
|
| 1961
|
|-
| ''[[R. D. National College]]'' ({{langx|sd|رِشي دَيارام نيشنل ڪاليج}})
| College
| [[English language|English]]
| [[Linking Road]] [[Bandra]], [[Mumbai]]
| [[Hyderabad (Sind) National Collegiate Board|HSNC Board]]
| 1922 at [[Hyderabad, Sindh]] & reestablished in 1949 in [[India]]
|
|}

==Notable people==
*[[Lalkrishna Advani]], Former [[Deputy Prime Minister of India]]
*[[Ishwardas Rohani]], an [[Indian politician]]
*[[Lakhumal Hiranand Hiranandani]], an [[otorhinolaryngologist]] (head and neck surgeon), social activist and [[philanthropist]]
*[[G. P. Sippy]], a Bollywood film producer and director

== See also ==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[Sindhi diaspora]]
* [[Sindhis]]
* [[Sindhi language]]
* [[List of Sindhi people]]
* [[Sindhi Hindus]]
* [[Sindhi Colony, Secunderabad]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Sindhi diaspora}}{{Immigration to India}}

[[Category:Sindhi diaspora|India]]
[[Category:Diasporas in India]]

2026 Kolkata Knight Riders season

2026-03-30T03:12:40Z

Shamimulislam: made some post added tags - done

{{Short description|Indian Premier League cricket team}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox cricket club season
| club = {{IPL Teams 1|kkr}} in 2026
| season = [[2026 Indian Premier League|2026]]
| image = The Eden Gardens panoramic view.jpg
| imagesize = 300px
| alt = Eden Gardens in 2026
| caption = [[Eden Gardens]], home ground of [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| coach = [[Abhishek Nayar]]
| coachtitle = Head coach
| captain = [[Ajinkya Rahane]]
| ground = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| comp1 = [[2026 Indian Premier League#League stage|League stage]]
| comp1 result =
| most runs =
| most wickets =
| most catches =
| most dismissals =
| prevseason = [[2025 {{IPL Teams 1|kkr}} season|2025]]
| nextseason = [[2027 {{IPL Teams 1|kkr}} season|2027]]
}}
{{2026 Indian Premier League Teams}}

The '''2026 edition''' is the '''19th season''' for the [[Indian Premier League]] franchise [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]. They are one of the ten teams competing in the [[2026 Indian Premier League]]. The team finished in eighth place in the [[2025 Indian Premier League|previous season]]'s league stage.<ref>{{ESPNcricinfo 2|series|ref=ipl-2025-1449924/points-table-standings|title=2025 Indian Premier League {{!}} Points Table |access-date=3 June 2025|dynamic=n|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250627053137/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ipl-2025-1449924/points-table-standings|archive-date=27 June 2025}}</ref>

== Pre-season ==
{{further|List of 2026 Indian Premier League personnel changes}}
[[Kolkata Knight Riders]] is a franchise cricket team based in [[Kolkata]], India, which has been playing in the [[Indian Premier League]] since its [[2008 Indian Premier League|inaugural season]]. The team is the third-most successful in the tournament, having won three titles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-26 |title=KKR's bowlers rip through SRH to win third IPL title |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2024-1410320/kolkata-knight-riders-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-final-1426312/match-report |access-date=2024-05-26 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref> They are one of the ten teams competing in the [[2026 Indian Premier League|2026 edition]] from 28 March to 31 May 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPL 2026 to be held between March 28 and May 3 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2026-to-be-held-between-march-26-and-may-31-1515758 |access-date=23 December 2025 |publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |language=en |archive-date=23 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223004319/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2026-to-be-held-between-march-28-and-may-3-1515758 |url-status=live }}</ref> They are led by [[Ajinkya Rahane]] and coached by [[Abhishek Nayar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Kolkata Knight Riders confirm their captain for IPL 2026 |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/sports/cricket/kolkata-knight-riders-confirm-their-captain-for-ipl-2026/ar-AA1YP54l |work=[[MSN]] |access-date=17 March 2026}}</ref> [[Rinku Singh (cricketer)|Rinku Singh]] is serving as the vice-captain of the team.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kolkata Knight Riders Appoint Rinku Singh as Vice-Captain Ahead of IPL 2026 |url=https://sundayguardianlive.com/sports/ipl-2026-rinku-singh-kolkata-knight-riders-vice-captain-indian-premier-league-ajinkya-rahane-178887/ |work=[[The Sunday Guardian]] |date=24 March 2026 |access-date=25 March 2026}}</ref> The team is playing all its home matches at the [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]].
=== Player retention and releases ===
The retentions were announced on 15 November 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=TATA IPL 2026 Player Retentions Announced |url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/4247/tata-ipl-2026-player-retentions-announced#:~:text=The%20player%20retention%20window%20for,players%20ahead%20of%20the%20auction. |access-date=22 December 2025 |work=[[Indian Premier League]] |date=15 November 2025 }}</ref> Kolkata Knight Riders retained a total of 12 players.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kolkata Knight Riders Announce Retained Players Ahead of TATA IPL 2026 Auction |url=https://www.kkr.in/news/kolkata-knight-riders-announce-retained-players-ahead-of-tata-ipl-2026-auction#:~:text=The%20three%2Dtime%20champions%20have,Rana%2C%20and%20%E2%81%A0Angkrish%20Raghuvanshi. |access-date=22 December 2025 |work=[[Kolkata Knight Riders]] |date=15 November 2025 }}</ref> Big names such as [[Andre Russell]], [[Venkatesh Iyer]], [[Quinton de Kock]], along with eight other players, were released before the auction.<ref>{{cite web |title=KKR retained, released and traded players list - Sportstar |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/ipl-2026-kolkata-knight-riders-kkr-retained-released-players-list/article70278643.ece |access-date=22 December 2025 |work=[[Sportstar]] |date=15 November 2025}}</ref> During the trade window period, Indian spinner [[Mayank Markande]] was traded from [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] to [[Mumbai Indians]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Mumbai Indians Make Shrewd Trade, Re-Sign Title-Winning Spinner From KKR For Rs 30 Lakh |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/ipl-2026/mumbai-indians-make-shrewd-trade-re-sign-title-winning-spinner-mayank-markande-from-kkr-for-rs-30-lakh-9640052 |access-date=22 December 2025 |work=[[NDTV Sports]] |date=15 November 2025}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|+ Retained players<ref>{{cite web |title=TATA IPL 2026- Retained Players.15.11.25 |url=https://documents.iplt20.com/bcci/documents/1763209725967_TATA%20IPL%202026%20-%20Playing%20Squad%20-%2015.11.2025%20(1).pdf |work=[[Indian Premier League]] |access-date=15 November 2025}}</ref>
|-
! scope="col" | No.
! scope="col" | Player
! scope="col" | Salary
! scope="col" | No.
! scope="col" | Player
! scope="col" | Salary
|-
| 35 || [[Rinku Singh (cricketer)|Rinku Singh]] || {{INRConvert|13|c|lk=on}}
| 14 || [[Vaibhav Arora]] || {{INRConvert|1.8|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 74 || [[Sunil Narine]] || {{INRConvert|12|c|lk=on}}
| 3 || [[Ajinkya Rahane]] '''(c)''' || {{INRConvert|1.5|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 29 || [[Varun Chakravarthy]] || {{INRConvert|12|c|lk=on}}
| 52 || [[Rovman Powell]] || {{INRConvert|1.5|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 22 || [[Harshit Rana]] || {{INRConvert|4|c|lk=on}}
| 9 || [[Manish Pandey]] || {{INRConvert|75|l|lk=on}}
|-
| 19 || [[Ramandeep Singh (cricketer)|Ramandeep Singh]] || {{INRConvert|4|c|lk=on}}
| 24 || [[Umran Malik]] || {{INRConvert|75|l|lk=on}}
|-
| 18 || [[Angkrish Raghuvanshi]] || {{INRConvert|3|c|lk=on}}
| 45 || [[Anukul Roy]] || {{INRConvert|40|l|lk=on}}
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|+ Released players<ref>{{cite web |title=TATA IPL 2026- Released Players.15.11.25 |url=https://documents.iplt20.com/bcci/documents/1763209634289_TATA%20IPL%202026-%20Released%20Players.15.11.25.pdf |work=[[Indian Premier League]] |access-date=15 November 2025}}</ref>
! [[Wicket-keeper]]s || [[All-rounder]]s || [[Fast bowling|Fast bowlers]] || [[Spin bowling|Spin bowlers]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* [[Rahmanullah Gurbaz]]
* [[Quinton de Kock]]
| valign="top" |
* [[Andre Russell]]
* [[Luvnith Sisodia]]
* [[Moeen Ali]]
* [[Venkatesh Iyer]]
| valign="top" |
* [[Anrich Nortje]]
* [[Chetan Sakariya]]
* [[Spencer Johnson (cricketer)|Spencer Johnson]]
| valign="top" |
* [[Mayank Markande]] (T)
|}

=== Retirement ===
In the midst of confusion over release and achieving a high auction price, on 30 November 2025, [[Andre Russell]] declared his retirement from the [[Indian Premier League]], concluding his 12-year career with the [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] franchise.<ref>{{cite web |title=IPL 2026: Released by KKR, Andre Russell retires from IPL, flaunts loyalty |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/andre-russell-ipl-retirement-kkr-power-coach-2828294-2025-11-30 |access-date=22 December 2025 |work=[[India Today]] |date=30 November 2025 }}</ref> The team later decided to retire Russell's jersey number 12 to honor his contributions during his IPL career.<ref>{{cite web |title=IPL: KKR retire Andre Russell's No. 12 jersey - here is why |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/ipl-kkr-retire-andre-russells-no-12-jersey-here-is-why/articleshow/129781939.cms |access-date=25 March 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=24 March 2026 }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"style="font-size:95%;white-space:nowrap"
|+Retired players
! Date
! Name
! Nationality
! {{abbr|Age|Age at the time of taking retirement}}
! Tenure with KKR
|-
| {{left|30 November 2025}}
| [[Andre Russell]]
| {{JAM}}
| {{center|37}} || 2014-2025 (12 years)
|}

=== Auction summary ===
[[File:Cameron Green fielding Boxing Day 2022 (cropped).jpg|thumb|alt=Cameron Green in 2022|[[Cameron Green]] became the league's third-most expensive player for an impressive {{INRConvert|25.20|c}}.|130px]]
The mini-auction took place on 16 December 2025 in [[Abu Dhabi]], [[United Arab Emirates]].<ref>{{cite web |access-date=15 December 2025 |title=IPL auction set to take place on December 16 in Abu Dhabi |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2026-auction-to-take-place-on-december-16-in-abu-dhabi-1510968 |publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref> Kolkata entered with the highest purse in the [[List of 2026 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2026 auction]] - {{INRConvert|64.30|c}}, with 13 slots to fill (including 6 overseas slots).<ref>{{cite web |title=KKR Auction Strategy 2026: Purse, Slots, Key Needs and Target Players Explained |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/kkr-auction-2026-team-needs-target-players/article70401771.ece |access-date=22 December 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=16 December 2025 }}</ref> They bought [[Australia|Australian]] all-rounder [[Cameron Green]] for a whopping {{INRConvert|25.20|c}}, their most expensive buy in IPL history. Green also clinched the record for the league's most expensive foreign player, surpassing [[Mitchell Starc]]'s record of {{INRConvert|24.75|c}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Green becomes most expensive overseas IPL player |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/articles/c997j2y2ey0o |access-date=22 December 2025 |work=[[BBC]] |date=16 December 2025 }}</ref> They also bought [[Sri lankan]] pacer [[Matheesha Pathirana]] for a staggering price of {{INRConvert|18.00|c}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=IPL Auction 2026: Big bids for Matheesha Pathirana as KKR secure elite death-overs specialist for INR 18 crore |url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/sports/ipl-auction-2026-big-bids-for-matheesha-pathirana-as-kkr-secure-elite-death-overs-specialist-for-18-crore/articleshow/126001833.cms |access-date=22 December 2025 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=16 December 2025 }}</ref> The team filled all its 13 remaining slots with {{INRConvert|45|l}} left.<ref>{{cite web |title=KKR go big at IPL 2026 Auction, blend global firepower with Indian promise |url=https://www.kkr.in/news/kkr-go-big-at-ipl-2026-auction-blend-global-firepower-with-indian-promise#:~:text=Abu%20Dhabi%2C%20December%2016%2C%202025,Tim%20Seifert%20and%20Rahul%20Tripathi. |access-date=23 December 2025 |work=[[Kolkata Knight Riders]] |date=16 December 2025 }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders defaultcenter col1left" style="font-size:95%;"
|+ Auction summary of Kolkata Knight Riders
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Team
! scope="colgroup" colspan="3" | Retained
! scope="colgroup" colspan="3" | Bought
! scope="colgroup" colspan="3" | Overall
|-
! scope="col" | Capped
! scope="col" | Uncapped
! scope="col" | Total
! scope="col" | Capped
! scope="col" | Uncapped
! scope="col" | Total
! scope="col" | Capped
! scope="col" | Uncapped
! scope="col" | Total
|-
! scope="row" | [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| {{center|9}} || {{center|3}} || {{center|12}} || {{center|8}} || {{center|5}} || {{center|13}} || {{center|17}} || {{center|8}} || {{center|25}}
|-
|}

== Squad ==
* Players with international caps as of the start of the 2026 season are listed in '''bold'''.
* Ages are as of {{start date|2026|3|28|df=y}}.

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;"
|+ [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] squad for the [[2026 Indian Premier League]]<ref name="S2026">{{ESPNcricinfo 2|series|ref=ipl-2026-1510719/kolkata-knight-riders-squad-1511092/series-squads|title=2026 Indian Premier League, Kolkata Knight Riders squad|access-date=26 March 2026}}</ref>
! S/N || Name || Nationality || Birth date || Batting style || Bowling style || Year signed || Salary || Notes
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Captain
|-
|{{center|3}} || '''[[Ajinkya Rahane]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2026|03|28|1988|6|6|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2025 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.5|c}} ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Batters
|-
|{{center|35}} || '''[[Rinku Singh (cricketer)|Rinku Singh]]''' || {{cr|India}} || {{Birth date and age2|2026|03|28|1997|10|12|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off-break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|13.0|c}} || Vice-captain
|-
|{{center|18}} || [[Angkrish Raghuvanshi]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2026|03|28|2004|6|5|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off-break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2024 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|3.0|c}} ||
|-
|{{center|9}} || '''[[Manish Pandey]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2026|03|28|1989|9|10|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2024 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|75|l}} ||
|-
|{{center|52}} || '''[[Rovman Powell]]''' || {{cr|WIN}} || {{Birth date and age2|2026|03|28|1993|7|23|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2025 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.5|c}} || Overseas
|-
|{{center|}} || '''[[Rahul Tripathi]]''' || {{cr|India}} || {{Birth date and age2|2026|03|28|1991|3|2|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2026 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|75|l}} ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Wicket-keepers
|-
|{{center|}} || '''[[Finn Allen]]''' || {{cr|NZL}} || {{Birth date and age2|2026|03|28|1999|4|22|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off-break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2026 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2.0|c}} || Overseas
|-
|{{center|}} || [[Tejasvi Singh]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2026|03|28|2002|4|18|df=y}} || Right-handed || {{n/a}} || style="text-align:center;" | 2026 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|3.0|c}} ||
|-
|{{center|}} || '''[[Tim Seifert]]''' || {{cr|NZL}} || {{Birth date and age2|2026|03|28|1994|12|14|df=y}} || Right-handed || {{n/a}} || style="text-align:center;" | 2026 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.5|c}} || Overseas
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| All-rounders
|-
|{{center|74}} || '''[[Sunil Narine]]''' || {{cr|WIN}} || {{Birth date and age2|2026|03|28|1988|5|26|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off-break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2012 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|12.0|c}} || Overseas
|-
|{{center|45}} || [[Anukul Roy]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2026|03|28|1998|11|30|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|40|l}} ||
|-
|{{center|19}} || '''[[Ramandeep Singh (cricketer)|Ramandeep Singh]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2026|03|28|1997|4|13|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2024 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|4.0|c}} ||
|-
|{{center|}} || '''[[Cameron Green]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{Birth date and age2|2026|03|28|1999|6|3|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2026 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|25.2|c}} || Overseas
|-
|{{center|}} || '''[[Rachin Ravindra]]''' || {{cr|NZL}} || {{Birth date and age2|2026|03|28|1999|11|18|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2026 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2.0|c}} || Overseas
|-
|{{center|}} || [[Sarthak Ranjan]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2026|03|28|1996|9|25|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg-break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2026 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|30|l}} ||
|-
|{{center|}} || [[Daksh Kamra]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2026|03|28|2003|1|9|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg-break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2026 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|30|l}} ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Pacers
|-
|{{center|14}} || [[Vaibhav Arora]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2026|03|28|1997|12|14|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.8|c}} ||
|-
|{{center|24}} || '''[[Umran Malik]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2026|03|28|1999|11|22|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|fast]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2025 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|75|l}} ||
|- style="background:#ffc
|{{center|}} || '''[[Matheesha Pathirana]]''' || {{cr|SRI}} || {{Birth date and age2|2026|03|28|2002|12|18|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|fast]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2026 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|18.0|c}} || Overseas; Injured
|-
|{{center|}} || [[Kartik Tyagi]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2026|03|28|2000|11|8|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2026 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|30|l}} ||
|-
|{{center|}} || '''[[Blessing Muzarabani]]''' || {{cr|ZIM}} || {{Birth date and age2|2026|03|28|1996|10|2|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2026 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|75|l}} || Overseas; Added{{Efn|name=fizz}}
|-
|{{center|}} || [[Saurabh Dubey (Maharashtra cricketer)|Saurabh Dubey]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2026|03|28|1998|1|23|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2026 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|30|l}} || Replacement{{Efn|name=Deep}}
|-
|{{center|}} || [[Navdeep Saini]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2026|03|28|1992|11|23|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|fast]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2026 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|75|l}} || Replacement{{Efn|name=Rana}}
|- style="background:#FFAA33
|{{center|22}} || '''[[Harshit Rana]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2026|03|28|2001|12|22|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|4.0|c}} || Ruled-out{{efn|name=Rana|[[Harshit Rana]] has been ruled out of the tournament due to a knee injury sustained during the [[2026 Men's T20 World Cup]] warm-ups.<ref>{{cite web |title=Huge blow! Harshit Rana ruled out of IPL 2026; KKR yet to decide replacement |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/huge-blow-harshit-rana-ruled-out-of-ipl-2026-kkr-yet-to-decide-replacement/articleshow/129556692.cms |access-date=13 March 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=13 March 2026}}</ref> [[Navdeep Saini]] has been named as his replacement.<ref>{{cite web |title=Navdeep Saini Replaces Harshit Rana In KKR, Kulwant Khejroliya Joins GT In Place Of Prithviraj Yarra |url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/4255/navdeep-saini-replaces-harshit-rana-in-kkr-kulwant-khejroliya-joins-gt-in-place-of-prithviraj-yarra |access-date=25 March 2026 |work=[[Indian Premier League]] |date=25 March 2026}}</ref>}}
|- style="background:#FFAA33
|{{center|—}} || '''[[Akash Deep]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2026|03|28|1996|12|15|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2026 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.0|c}} || Ruled-out{{efn|name=Deep|[[Akash Deep]] has been ruled out of the tournament due to injury.<ref>{{cite web |title=After Harshit Rana, KKR Lose Another Indian Pacer Ahead Of IPL 2026 |url=https://www.news18.com/cricket/after-harshit-rana-kkr-lose-aakash-deep-ahead-of-ipl-2026-season-ws-l-9989899.html |access-date=21 March 2026 |work=[[News18]] |date=21 March 2026}}</ref> [[Saurabh Dubey (Maharashtra cricketer)|Saurabh Dubey]] has been named as his replacement.<ref>{{cite web |title=KKR pick Saurabh Dubey as Akash Deep replacement |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/138114/kkr-pick-saurabh-dubey-as-akash-deep-replacement |access-date=22 March 2026 |work=[[Cricbuzz]] |date=22 March 2026}}</ref>}}
|- style="background:#FFCCCC
|{{center|—}} || '''[[Mustafizur Rahman]]''' || {{cr|BAN}} || {{Birth date and age2|2026|03|28|1995|9|6|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2026 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|9.2|c}} || Overseas; Released{{efn|name=fizz|See [[2026 Indian Premier League#Exclusion of Mustafizur Rahman|Mustafizur Rahman controversy]]}}
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Spinners
|-
|{{center|29}} || '''[[Varun Chakravarthy]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2026|03|28|1991|8|29|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg-break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2020 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|12.0|c}} ||
|-
|{{center|}} || [[Prashant Solanki]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2026|03|28|2000|2|22|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg-break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2026 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|30|l}} ||
|-
|}

=== Playing XII ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;"
|-
! Opponent →
! rowspan=2| MI<hr />[[File:Plane icon.svg|12px]]
! rowspan=2| SRH<hr />[[File:Home free icon.svg|12px]]
! rowspan=2| PK<hr />[[File:Home free icon.svg|12px]]
! rowspan=2| LSG<hr />[[File:Home free icon.svg|12px]]
! rowspan=2| 5
! rowspan=2| 6
! rowspan=2| 7
! rowspan=2| 8
! rowspan=2| 9
! rowspan=2| 10
! rowspan=2| 11
! rowspan=2| 12
! rowspan=2| 13
! rowspan=2| 14
|-
! Player ↓
|-
! {{left|[[Ajinkya Rahane]]}}
| style="background:#cfc | 1
| style="background:#cfc | 2
| style="background:#cfc | 3
| style="background:#cfc | 4
|-
! {{left|[[Angkrish Raghuvanshi]]}}
| style="background:#cfc | 1
|
|
|
|-
! {{left|[[Anukul Roy]]}}
| style="background:#cfc | 1
|
|
|
|-
! {{left|[[Blessing Muzarabani]]}}
| style="background:#cfc | 1
|
|
|
|-
! {{left|[[Cameron Green]]}}
| style="background:#cfc | 1
|
|
|
|-
! {{left|[[Finn Allen]]}}
| style="background:#cfc | 1
|
|
|
|-
! {{left|[[Kartik Tyagi]]}}
| style="background:#cfc | 1
|
|
|
|-
! {{left|[[Ramandeep Singh (cricketer)|Ramandeep Singh]]}}
| style="background:#cfc | 1
|
|
|
|-
! {{left|[[Rinku Singh (cricketer)|Rinku Singh]]}}
| style="background:#cfc | 1
| style="background:#cfc | 2
| style="background:#cfc | 3
| style="background:#cfc | 4
|-
! {{left|[[Sunil Narine]]}}
| style="background:#cfc | 1
|
|
|
|-
! {{left|[[Vaibhav Arora]]}}
| style="background:#cfc | 1
|
|
|
|-
! {{left|[[Varun Chakravarthy]]}}
| style="background:#cfc | 1
|
|
|
|-
|}

== Administration and support staff ==
[[Abhishek Nayar]] took over as the team's head coach after [[Chandrakant Pandit]]'s three-year contract ended.<ref>{{cite web |title=KKR appoint Abhishek Nayar as head coach; replaces Chandrakant Pandit |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/kkr-appoint-abhishek-nayar-as-head-coach-replaces-chandrakant-pandit/articleshow/124951018.cms |access-date=25 December 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=30 October 2025 |archive-date=8 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251208171328/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/kkr-appoint-abhishek-nayar-as-head-coach-replaces-chandrakant-pandit/articleshow/124951018.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Shane Watson]] replaced [[Ottis Gibson]] as the team's assistant coach.<ref>{{cite web |title=IPL 2026 - Shane Watson joins KKR as assistant coach |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2026-shane-watson-joins-kkr-as-assistant-coach-1510929 |access-date=25 December 2025 |work=[[ESPNCricinfo]] |date=13 November 2025 |archive-date=21 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251221122022/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2026-shane-watson-joins-kkr-as-assistant-coach-1510929 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Tim Southee]] replaced [[Bharat Arun]] and [[Carl Crowe]] as the bowling coach.<ref>{{cite web |title=IPL 2026: Tim Southee joins KKR as bowling coach|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/tim-southee-kkr-bowling-coach-ipl-2026-appointment/article70279078.ece|access-date=25 December 2025 |work=[[Sportstar]] |date=14 November 2025}}</ref> [[Andre Russell]] was appointed as the power coach of the team, a unique role in franchise cricket.<ref>{{cite web |title=Andre Russell retires from IPL; to return to KKR as 'power coach'|url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/andre-russell-retirement-ipl-cricket|access-date=25 December 2025 |work=[[Olympics.com]] |date=30 November 2025}}</ref> [[Dishant Yagnik]] has been appointed as the team's fielding coach.<ref>{{cite web |title=IPL 2026: Kolkata Knight Riders appoint Dishant Yagnik as fielding coach for upcoming season|url=https://www.wionews.com/sports/ipl-2026-kolkata-knight-riders-appoint-dishant-yagnik-as-fielding-coach-for-upcoming-season-1768994597128|access-date=11 March 2026 |work=[[WION]] |date=21 January 2026}}</ref> [[Manvinder Bisla]] and [[Biju George]] have joined the team as the new heads of scouting.<ref>{{cite web |title=2012 IPL hero Manvinder Bisla joins KKR in a new role|url=https://cricketaddictor.com/cricket-news/2012-ipl-hero-manvinder-bisla-joins-kkr-in-a-new-role-417915/|access-date=28 March 2026 |work=Cricket Addictor |date=18 January 2026}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| Position
! style="text-align:center;"| Name
! style="text-align:center;"| Position
! style="text-align:center;"| Name
|-
| Owner|| [[Shah Rukh Khan]] ([[Red Chillies Entertainment|RCE]]) <hr /> [[Jay Mehta]] ([[Mehta Group]])
|CEO and MD|| [[Venky Mysore]]
|-
|Head coach|| [[Abhishek Nayar]]
|Mentor|| [[Dwayne Bravo]]
|-
|Assistant coach|| [[Shane Watson]]
|Team manager|| Wayne Bentley
|-
|Bowling coach|| [[Tim Southee]]
|Power coach|| [[Andre Russell]]
|-
|Fielding coach|| [[Dishant Yagnik]]
|Strength and Conditioning coach|| [[Chris Donaldson]]
|-
|Analyst|| Nathan Leamon
|Massage Therapist|| Subhajit Das
|-
|Physiotherapist|| Prasanth Panchada
|Head of Scouting|| [[Biju George]]<hr />[[Manvinder Bisla]]
|-
! colspan="4" style="text-align: center;"| Source: [https://www.kkr.in/players KKR Staff]
|}

== Intra-squad practice ==
The team held its first intra-squad practice game on 20 March at the [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]].<ref>{{cite web |title=IPL 2026: Mumbai's Angkrish Raghuvanshi Fires Warning, Slams Unbeaten Century In KKR Practice Match |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/sports/ipl-2026-mumbais-angkrish-raghuvanshi-fires-warning-slams-unbeaten-century-in-kkr-practice-match-video |access-date=21 March 2026 |work=[[Free Press Journal]] |date=20 March 2026}}</ref> The team held its second practice match on 23 March.<ref>{{cite web |title=IPL 2026: KKR captain Ajinkya Rahane warns critics with rapid 58 in intra-squad clash |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/ipl-2026-ajinkya-rahane-kkr-intra-squad-half-century-critics-warning-2886075-2026-03-23 |access-date=24 March 2026 |work=[[India Today]] |date=23 March 2026}}</ref>
{{Single-innings cricket match|date=20 March 2026|time=18:30|night=
| team1 = Golden Knights
| team2 = Purple Knights
| score1 =199/8 (20 overs) |runs1 =[[Tim Seifert]] 47 (24) |wickets1 =[[Kartik Tyagi]] 3/30 (4 overs) |score2 =203/4 (19.2 overs) |runs2 =[[Angkrish Raghuvanshi]] 103[[not out|*]] (55) |wickets2 =[[Prashant Solanki]] 1/23 (3 overs) |result = Purple Knights won by 6 wickets
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| umpires =|motm =|toss =|notes =|rain =
}}
<hr />
{{Single-innings cricket match|date=23 March 2026|time=18:30|night=
| team1 = Golden Knights
| team2 = Purple Knights
| score1 =249/5 (20 overs) |runs1 =[[Ajinkya Rahane]] 58 (25) |wickets1 =[[Saurabh Dubey (Maharashtra cricketer)|Saurabh Dubey]] 2/42 (4 overs) |score2 =188/9 (20 overs) |runs2 =[[Rahul Tripathi]] 43 (20) |wickets2 =[[Kartik Tyagi]] 3/36 (3 overs) |result = Golden Knights won by 1 run (VJD method)
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| umpires =|motm =|toss =|notes =The target for Purple nights was reduced to 190 runs in 20 overs.|rain =
}}

== League stage ==
=== Points table ===
{{#section:2026 Indian Premier League|pt}}

=== League progression ===
{{#invoke:IndianPremierLeagueProgression | create

|L2 |

| caption = League progression
| teams = {{IPL Teams 1|kkr}}
| knockoutType = 2
| matchesPerTeam = 16
| matchReportArticle = 2026 Indian Premier League}}

=== Results ===
{{hatnote|All times are in [[Indian Standard Time]] ([[UTC+05:30]])}}
{{#section:2026 Indian Premier League|match2}}
----
{{#section:2026 Indian Premier League|match6}}
----
{{#section:2026 Indian Premier League|match12}}
----
{{#section:2026 Indian Premier League|match15}}
----
{{#section:2026 Indian Premier League|match22}}
----
{{#section:2026 Indian Premier League|match25}}
----
{{#section:2026 Indian Premier League|match28}}
----
{{#section:2026 Indian Premier League|match38}}
----
{{#section:2026 Indian Premier League|match45}}
----
{{#section:2026 Indian Premier League|match51}}
----
{{#section:2026 Indian Premier League|match57}}
----
{{#section:2026 Indian Premier League|match60}}
----
{{#section:2026 Indian Premier League|match65}}
----
{{#section:2026 Indian Premier League|match70}}

== Statistics ==
{{further|List of Kolkata Knight Riders records}}
=== Most runs ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;"
|-
! Runs
! Player
! {{Abbr|Inns.|Innings}}
! {{Abbr|HS|Highest Score}}
|-
! 67
| [[Ajinkya Rahane]]
| 1
| 67
|-
! 51
| [[Angkrish Raghuvanshi]]
| 1
| 51
|-
! 37
| [[Finn Allen]]
| 1
| 37
|-
! 33
| [[Rinku Singh (cricketer)|Rinku Singh]]
| 1
| 33[[not out|*]]
|-
! 18
| [[Cameron Green]]
| 1
| 18
|-
! colspan=4 | Total runs scored
|-
| colspan=4 | 220
|-
! colspan=4 | Last Updated: 29 March 2026 | Source: 
|}

=== Most wickets ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;"
|-
! Wickets
! Player
! {{Abbr|Inns.|Innings}}
! {{Abbr|BBI|Best Bowling (Innings)}}
|-
! 1
| [[Sunil Narine]]
| 1
| 1/30
|-
! 1
| [[Kartik Tyagi]]
| 1
| 1/43
|-
! 1
| [[Vaibhav Arora]]
| 1
| 1/52
|-
! colspan=4 | Total wickets taken
|-
| colspan=4 | 3
|-
! colspan=4 | Last Updated: 29 March 2026 | Source: 
|}

=== Player of the match ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;"
|-
! Match No.
! Date
! Player
! Opponent
! Contribution
! Ref.
|-
|}

== Marketing ==
Following the departure of [[Dream11]], which was primarily due to the implementation of the [[Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Act, 2025]], Kolkata Knight Riders announced Vida EV, a subsidiary of [[Hero MotoCorp]], as their new title partner for the next three years.<ref>{{cite web |title=VIDA teams up with Kolkata Knight Riders as Title Partner to Power a New Generation |url=https://www.heromotocorp.com/content/dam/hero-aem-website/in/en-in/company-section/press-releases/2025/december-pdfs/vida_teams_up_with_kolkata_knight_riders_as_title_partner_to_power_a_new_generation.pdf |access-date=25 December 2025 |work=[[Hero MotoCorp]] |date=16 December 2025 }}</ref> [[RR Kabel]] continues as the principal partner for the 2026 season as part of their multi-year partnership agreement.<ref>{{cite web |title= RR Kabel Joins Forces with Kolkata Knight Riders as Principal Partner for the upcoming T20 season |url=https://www.rrkabel.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Press-Release_RR-Kabel-and-KKR-Association-updated.pdf |access-date=12 March 2026 |work=[[RR Kabel]] |date=10 February 2025 }}</ref> In February 2026, the team organized a unique box-cricket tournament featuring only the passionate fan clubs of the Kolkata Knight Riders. They invited popular local influencers to promote the tournament to a larger audience.<ref>{{cite web |title=KKR ignite Kolkata's cricket soul with Knights Electrifying Box Cricket |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sports/kkr-ignite-kolkatas-cricket-soul-with-knights-electrifying-box-cricket/ |access-date=12 March 2026 |work=[[Tribune India]] |date=19 February 2026 }}</ref> In March 2026, the team revealed its new jersey, themed around the ''Lines of Legacy''.<ref>{{cite web |title=KKR launches 2026 jersey with quirky "Lines of Legacy" campaign, unveiling rich purple, shimmering gold design |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/cricket/kkr-launches-2026-jersey-with-quirky-lines-of-legacy-campaign-unveiling-rich-purple-shimmering-gold-design20260314143228/ |access-date=14 March 2026 |work=[[Asian News International]] |date=14 March 2026 }}</ref> The team has partnered with [[Krafton]] India to deliver exciting franchise-themed in-game content in the latest update of [[Battlegrounds Mobile India]].<ref>{{cite web |title=BGMI 4.3 update to bring CSK and KKR themed collectables: What's coming |url=https://www.business-standard.com/technology/tech-news/bgmi-4-3-update-release-date-ipl-csk-kkr-collaboration-outfit-vehicle-what-is-coming-126031700382_1.html |access-date=19 March 2026 |work=[[Business Standard]] |date=17 March 2026 }}</ref> The team held the ''Knights Unplugged 3.0'', an exclusive, pre-season event which connect players, partners and the fans on 24 March.<ref>{{cite web |title=KKR’s ‘Knights Unplugged’: Champion Mentality, Rahane’s Calmness, and a Promise to Eden Gardens Ahead of IPL 2026 |url=https://revsportz.in/kkrs-knights-unplugged-champion-mentality-rahanes-calmness-and-a-promise-to-eden-gardens-ahead-of-ipl-2026/ |access-date=25 March 2026 |work=Revsportz |date=25 March 2026 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;"
|+Major sponsors for the 2026 season
|-
!Kit manufacturer
!Shirt sponsor (front)
!Shirt sponsor (back)
!Chest Branding
|-
|SIX5SIX
|[[Hero MotoCorp|Vida EV]]
|[[Balkrishna Industries|BKT]]
|[[RR Kabel]]
|-
! colspan="4" |Source: [https://www.kkr.in/ kkr.in] 
|}

== Controversies ==
=== Exclusion of Mustafizur Rahman ===
{{Further|2026 Indian Premier League#Exclusion of Mustafizur Rahman}}
[[Bangladesh]]i fast bowler [[Mustafizur Rahman]] was bought by Kolkata for {{INRConvert|9.2|c}} in the auction.<ref>{{Cite web|title=IPL 2026 Auction: Mustafizur Rahman sold to KKR for Rs. 9.20 crore|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/mustafizur-rahman-ipl-2026-auction-kkr-kolkata-knight-riders-920-crore/article70403422.ece|work=[[Sportstar]]|language=en|date=16 December 2025|access-date=3 January 2026}}</ref> Following the [[2025 Bangladesh anti-Hindu violence]] and [[lynching of Dipu Chandra Das]] in [[December 2025 Bangladesh violence|December 2025]] led to calls for exclusion of Bangladeshi players from IPL.<ref>{{Cite web|title=KKR And Mustafizur Rahman Controversy Explained: What Is It About?|url=https://www.news18.com/cricket/kkr-and-mustafizur-rahman-controversy-explained-what-is-it-about-ws-kln-9804495.html|work=[[News18]]|language=en|date=2 January 2026|access-date=3 January 2026|archive-date=1 January 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260101185309/https://www.news18.com/cricket/kkr-and-mustafizur-rahman-controversy-explained-what-is-it-about-ws-kln-9804495.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In January 2026, the BCCI requested that the franchise release Rahman from the squad and permitted them to select a replacement player.<ref>{{Cite web|title=KKR release Mustafizur from IPL 2026 squad following BCCI instructions|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2026-bcci-asks-kkr-to-release-mustafiqur-rahman-from-their-squad-because-of-recent-developments-1517878|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|language=en|access-date=3 January 2026|archive-date=3 January 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260103060823/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2026-bcci-asks-kkr-to-release-mustafiqur-rahman-from-their-squad-because-of-recent-developments-1517878|url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2026, the team filled the empty spot by adding [[Zimbabwe]]an pacer [[Blessing Muzarabani]] in the squad.<ref>{{cite web |title=KKR rope in Blessing Muzarabani for IPL 2026 |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/138044/kkr-rope-in-blessing-muzarabani-for-ipl-2026 |access-date=13 March 2026 |work=[[Cricbuzz]] |date=13 March 2026}}</ref>
=== Dwayne Bravo's criticisms ===
The team held an official press conference ahead of the season on March 20, which included the captain [[Ajinkya Rahane]], head coach [[Abhishek Nayar]], assistant coach [[Shane Watson]], and mentor [[Dwayne Bravo]].<ref>{{cite web |title=IPL 2026: Amid KKR injury crisis, mentor Dwayne Bravo picks in-house solutions |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/ipl-2026-amid-kkr-injury-crisis-mentor-dwayne-bravo-picks-in-house-solutions/articleshow/129705689.cms |access-date=22 March 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=20 March 2026}}</ref> Before the meeting began, Bravo was overheard speaking to Watson and Nayar, saying, “When these guys called me, I had two women at my home.” Rahane then pointed out to Bravo that the microphones were on, leaving Bravo visibly embarrassed.<ref>{{cite web |title=‘I had 2 chicks at home’: Dwayne Bravo embarrasses himself and KKR; Ajinkya Rahane reminds him the mics are on |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/i-had-2-chicks-at-home-dwayne-bravo-makes-kkr-press-conference-awkward-ajinkya-rahane-reminds-him-the-mics-are-on-101774060035059.html |access-date=22 March 2026 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=21 March 2026}}</ref> Two days later, Bravo faced criticism for attending the [[2026 Chennai Super Kings season|Chennai Super Kings event]] instead of helping the Knight Riders team prepare for the upcoming season.<ref>{{cite web |title=KKR fans furious as bowling coach Bravo spotted at CSK event during injury crisis |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/ipl-2026-kkr-fans-furious-bowling-coach-bravo-spotted-csk-event-injury-crisis-2885536-2026-03-22 |access-date=22 March 2026 |work=[[India Today]] |date=22 March 2026}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}
=== General references ===
* {{Cite journal |date=11 March 2026 |title=IPL Season Schedule 2026 {{!}} Part I |url=https://documents.iplt20.com/bcci/documents/1773233174530_TATA%20IPL%20Schedule%202026_Part%201.pdf |journal=[[Indian Premier League]] Schedule |publisher=[[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] |volume=19 |issue=1}}
* {{Cite journal |date=26 March 2026 |title=IPL Season Schedule 2026 {{!}} Full Schedule |url=https://scores.iplt20.com/TATA%20IPL%202026%20Season%20Schedule.pdf |journal=[[Indian Premier League]] Schedule |publisher=[[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] |volume=19 |issue=2}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://www.kkr.in/|Kolkata Knight Riders {{!}} Official Website}}
* [https://www.iplt20.com/teams/kolkata-knight-riders Kolkata Knight Riders | Indian Premier League]
* [https://www.espncricinfo.com/team/kolkata-knight-riders-335971 Kolkata Knight Riders | ESPNCricinfo]

{{Kolkata Knight Riders}}
{{2026 Indian Premier League}}

[[Category:2026 Indian Premier League|Kolkata Knight Riders]]
[[Category:Kolkata Knight Riders seasons]]
[[Category:Knight Riders Group in 2026]]

Soz Dehlvi

2026-03-27T16:35:09Z

Shamimulislam: reworked page per sources and fixed typos for clarity

{{short description|Urdu poet}}
{{citation style|date=January 2021}}

'''Mohammad Meer Soz Dehlvi''' (1720–1799) was an [[Urdu poetry|Urdu poet]] in the court of [[Asaf-ud-Daula|Nawab Asaf-ud-Daula]]. Soz was a master in Persian and Arabic language and an expert in [[calligraphy]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UOM|title=Urdu Poetry: An Anthology Upto 19th Century|date=2001|publisher=B.R. Publishing Corporation|isbn=978-81-7646-190-0|language=ur}}</ref>

== Life and work ==
Mohammad Meer Soz son Ziauddin was born in 1720 in Delhi. His forefathers were from [[Bukhara]] and had migrated to India long back. His father Ziauddin was a prominent citizen of Delhi. Soz received his early education at home from his father and achieved a good knowledge of Persian, Arabic and religious studies. From his childhood he was very much inclined towards poetry and literature. In the beginning he adopted the pen name Meer but seeing the unusual popularity of [[Mir Taqi Mir|Meer Taqi Meer]] he changed his mind and adopted Soz as his pen name.

Apart from poetry Soz was an expert in [[calligraphy]], [[archery]] and horse riding. He was genius in poetry as he wrote in a very simple, easy and impulsive way. He had a deep feeling and thought have been presented in a very easy and direct manner. This is the peculiarity of his style and diction which gave him popularity.{{cn|date=June 2022}}

When he migrated from Delhi and finally arrived in [[Lucknow]], Nawab Asaf-ud-Daula treated him with honour and respect and become his disciple too. This was a great honour for Soz. During his last days Soz kept himself in isolation and spent most of his time in prayers and other religious duties. He died in 1799 in Lucknow.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/urdu-e-mualla-meer-soz-number-shumara-number-006-007-khwaja-ahmad-faruqi-magazines?pageId=04DFCD58-A12E-4164-A151-2C2F70A43898 Urdu e Mualla, Soz Number edited by Prof. Khawaja Ahmed Farooqi, Delhi University]
* [https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/intikhab-e-deewan-e-meer-soz-meer-soz-ebooks Intekhab Diwan e Meer Soz edited by Hasrat Mohani]
* [https://archive.org/details/Aab-e-hayatByMohammedHussainAzad/mode/2up?q=Meer+Soz Aab e Hayat by Mohammad Hassan Azad]
* [https://kupdf.net/download/dilli-ka-dabistan-e-shaairi-dr-noorul-hasan-hashmi_58bdbce2e12e89a629add374_pdf Dilli ka Dabistaan e Shaairi by Prof. Noorul Hassan Hashmi]
* [[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.459919/page/n3/mode/2up|History of Urdu literature by M.Sadiq]]

[[Category:Urdu-language writers]]
[[Category:18th-century Urdu-language writers]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:1720 births]]
[[Category:1799 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Oudh State]]

Raja Vardan

2026-03-26T07:01:47Z

Shamimulislam:

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rajavardan
| image = Rajavardhan.jpg
| other_names = Raj
| birth_date = 24 March 1991
| birth_place = [[Bengaluru]], India
| occupation = Actor, Film producer
| years_active = 2020-present
| spouse = Divya Rajavardan
| mother = Mala Dingri Nagaraj
| father = [[Dingri Nagaraj]]
}}

Rajavardan is an Indian actor primarily working in [[Kannada cinema]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-07 |title=I'm thrilled to be back on set: Rajavardhan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/im-thrilled-to-be-back-on-set-rajavardhan/articleshow/107458482.cms |access-date=2024-11-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2024-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208022947/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/im-thrilled-to-be-back-on-set-rajavardhan/articleshow/107458482.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Early life(Before life of career debut) ==
[[Raja Vardan|Rajavardan]] born in [[Bengaluru|Bangalore]] and His childhood was mostly spent by watching and acting in dramas along with his father. He moved to [[Bangalore]] to pursue his education, and he completed his Master of visual art (MVA) at [[Karnataka Chitrakala Parishath]] and subsequently graduated as a rank student.

Rajavardan is an South Indian film actor, who works mainly in [[Kannada cinema]]. he studied Master of Visual Art, however, his interest was set in acting and he used to frequently visit the theatre’s group in [[Bengaluru|Bangalore]]. Eventually, he landed up with many acting assignments in the same theatre group. He rose to fame with the 2020 blockbuster film [[Bicchugatti]].

== Personal life and career ==
Rajavardan is the son of actor [[Dingri Nagaraj]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-31 |title=Rajavardan-starrer 'Gajarama' eyes year-end release |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/Oct/31/rajavardan-starrer-gajarama-eyes-year-end-release |access-date=2024-11-13 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.udayavani.com/cinema/bollywood-news/rajawardhan-noorondu-nenapu|title=ರಾಜವರ್ಧನ್‌ ಹೇಳುವ ನೂರೊಂದು ನೆನಪುಗಳು|website=Udayavani|accessdate=16 Feb 2025|archive-date=30 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130144639/https://www.udayavani.com/cinema/bollywood-news/rajawardhan-noorondu-nenapu|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Three">{{Cite web |last=Sharadhaa |first=A. |date=2019-11-06 |title=Rajavardan's third to be a romantic drama |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2019/Nov/05/rajavardans-third-to-be-a-romantic-drama-2057527.html |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=2024-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130145740/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2019/Nov/05/rajavardans-third-to-be-a-romantic-drama-2057527.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Rajavardan then took on the lead role in the historical period film ''[[Bicchugatti: Chapter 1 − Dalvayi Dange]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-31 |title=Rajavardan enters dubbing studio for Bichhugathii Chapter 1 - Dalavayi Dange |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2019/Aug/31/rajavardan-enters-dubbing-studio-for-bichhugathii-chapter-1---dalavayi-dange-2026852.html |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=2024-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130145330/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2019/Aug/31/rajavardan-enters-dubbing-studio-for-bichhugathii-chapter-1---dalavayi-dange-2026852.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2024 he collaborated with director S. Dattatreya for the romantic drama ''[[Pranayam (2024 film)|Pranayam]]''.<ref name="Three"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-27 |title=Rajavardan, Naina Ganguly to spend New Year on the sets of Pranayam |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2021/Dec/27/rajavardan-nainaganguly-to-spend-new-year-on-the-sets-of-pranayam-2399993.html |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=2024-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130151814/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2021/Dec/27/rajavardan-nainaganguly-to-spend-new-year-on-the-sets-of-pranayam-2399993.html |url-status=live }}</ref> That same year another film of his, ''Hiranya'' directed by Prawin Avyukth, was released.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-02 |title=I am striving for a different on-screen image: Rajavardan |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2023/Oct/02/i-am-striving-for-a-different-on-screen-image-rajavardan-2619999.html |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=2024-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130150726/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2023/Oct/02/i-am-striving-for-a-different-on-screen-image-rajavardan-2619999.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Rajavardan's upcoming film ''[[Gajarama]]'' is scheduled to be released at the end of 2024.<ref name=":0" />

== Film career ==
The big-budget historical movie [[Bicchugatti|Bicchugatthi]] was released on 28 February 2020. [[Bicchugatti|Bicchugatthi]] was well received by critics. He is the first youngest [[Kannada]] actor who played historical movie as his debut The Musical maestro [[Hamsalekha|Nadabrahma Hamsalekha]] was so impressed with [[Raja Vardan|Rajavardan]] work in [[Bicchugatti|Bicchugatthi]] and he also said Rajavardan has great future as an Actor Rajavardan has been described by the critics as one of the most talented actors in Kannada cinema he was given a title, “MASSIVE STAR”,by a Kannada organization.

The next movie "Pranayam" was released in February 2024 and received great reviews, particularly praising Rajavardan's acting and potential in the film industry. He showed he can appeal to both mass and class audiences. The film is a love story, and he proved he can excel in the role of a romantic lead.

Rajavardan's next film, "HIRANYA," was released in June 2024 and tells a gangster story. While it received mixed responses from audiences, it was commercially successful. In this film, Rajavardan proved himself to be one of the mass heroes, and the media praised him as one of the best actors, highlighting his impressive fighting skills and acting skills.

The most anticipated movie featuring Rajavardan is [[Gajarama|"Gajarama,"]] which is generating a lot of buzz even before its release. Sources indicate that he plays a wrestler in this sports-based film. [[Ragini Dwivedi]] makes a special appearance in the song, and the music is composed by [[Mano Murthy|Manomurty.]]

In its review, [[The Indian Express]] noted that despite some flaws, Rajavardan "cements them." The reviewer mentioned that he showcases his signature style in action, dialogue delivery, and mannerisms.

== Filmography ==

'''Films'''
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Film
!Role
!Ref.
|-
|2020
|''[[Bicchugatti: Chapter 1 − Dalvayi Dange]]''
|Brahamanna Nayaka
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2024
|[[Pranayam (2024 film)|''Pranayam'']]
|Gautham
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-22 |title=Rajavardan's 'Pranayam' gets a release date |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/Jan/22/rajavardans-pranayam-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=2024-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304140052/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/Jan/22/rajavardans-pranayam-gets-a-release-date |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Hiranya (film)|Hiranya]]''
|Raana
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Hiranya Movie Review : Hiranya review: A regular commercial saga with a creative narration |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/hiranya/movie-review/111879334.cms |access-date=2024-11-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|''[[Gajarama]]''
|Rama
|<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-10-11 |title=Rajavardan-starrer 'Gajarama' eyes year-end release |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/Oct/31/rajavardan-starrer-gajarama-eyes-year-end-release |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|''[[Kamal Sridevi]]''
| Producer
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/kamal-sridevi-shooting-wraps-up/articleshow/122308628.cms|title=Kamal Sridevi shooting wraps up|website=Bangalore Mirror|date=8 July 2025}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|''Jawa''
|TBA
|
|}

== Social work ==
He pledged to donate his eyes to Minto Hospital and committed his full body for organ donation to BGS Hospital, making a meaningful contribution to eye and organ donation. He has also been actively involved in several other social initiatives.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb name|8704319}}

[[Category:Male actors in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]

National Herald case

2026-03-25T08:05:55Z

Shamimulislam: adding a details with sources

{{Short description|Ongoing court case in Delhi, India}}
{{Update|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
The '''''National Herald'' case''' is an ongoing case in a Delhi court filed by politician [[Subramanian Swamy]] against politicians [[Sonia Gandhi]] and [[Rahul Gandhi]], their companies and associated persons.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=India Today News |date=2025-12-01 |title=National Herald case back in spotlight: How Gandhis' legal battle evolved over years |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/national-herald-case-fir-against-sonia-rahul-gandhi-ed-allegations-young-india-ajl-congress-explained-2828648-2025-12-01 |access-date=2025-12-08 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> As per the complaint filed in the court of the Metropolitan Magistrate, Associated Journals Limited (AJL) took an interest-free loan of {{INRConvert|90.25|c}} from [[Indian National Congress]]. It is alleged that the loan was not repaid.<ref>{{Citation|title = Section 269T in The Income- Tax Act, 1995|url = http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1517955/|website = indiankanoon.org|accessdate = 2015-12-08|archive-date = 8 December 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151208154256/http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1517955/|url-status = live}}</ref> A closely held company, Young Indian, was incorporated in November 2010 with a paid up capital of 5 Lac and it acquired almost all the shareholding of AJL and all its properties (alleged to be worth {{INRConvert|5000|c}}).<ref name="The Hindu"/> Swamy alleged criminal misappropriation by both Sonia Gandhi and Rahul Gandhi.<ref>{{cite web | author= | title=National Herald case: Officer bearers of Congress were cheats, Subramanian Swamy tells court | website=The New Indian Express | date=30 August 2019 | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2019/Aug/30/national-herald-case-officer-bearers-of-congress-were-cheats-subramanian-swamy-tells-court-2026686.html | access-date=19 July 2025}}</ref>

==Associated Journals Limited==
Associated Journals Limited (AJL) is an unlisted public company limited by shares, incorporated on 20 November 1937, with its registered office at Herald House, 5-A, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi. It was the brainchild of [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] but it was never his personal property as it was started with the support of about 5,000 freedom fighters who became shareholders of AJL. The company's capital was {{INRConvert|5|l}} divided into 2,000 preferential shares worth {{INRConvert|100}} each and 30,000 ordinary (equity) shares worth {{INRConvert|10}} each. Apart from Nehru, AJL's Memorandum of Association was signed by stalwarts such as [[Purushottam Das Tandon]], Acharya [[Narendra Dev]], [[Kailash Nath Katju]], [[Rafi Ahmad Kidwai]], Krishna Dutt Paliwal and [[Govind Ballabh Pant]]. The company did not belong to any particular person, nor did it want to be associated with any business except news. AJL had 1,057 shareholders as of 29 September 2010<ref name="The Indian Express">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/national-herald-case-loan-write-off-conflict-of-interest-benefiting-takeover-by-family/|title=National Herald case: Loan write-off, conflict of interest, benefiting takeover by family|publisher=[[The Indian Express]]|date=9 December 2015|access-date=11 December 2015|archive-date=11 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211085107/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/national-herald-case-loan-write-off-conflict-of-interest-benefiting-takeover-by-family/|url-status=live}}</ref> as per the annual return filed by the company with the Registrar of Companies.{{citation needed|date=April 2025}}

[[Motilal Vora]] has been the chairman and managing director of AJL since 22 March 2002.<ref name="indianexpress.com">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/deals-at-national-herald-who-got-what-when-how-2/|title=Deals at National Herald: Who got what, when, how|publisher=[[The Indian Express]]|date=10 December 2015|access-date=10 December 2015|archive-date=10 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151210205945/http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/deals-at-national-herald-who-got-what-when-how-2/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto"/> The company had incurred losses<ref name="The Indian Express"/> before its holdings were transferred to Young India in 2011.<ref name=livemint /><ref>{{citation|title=Full text: Sonia, Rahul accused of grabbing Rs 1,600 cr property|url=http://firstpost.com/politics/full-text-swamy-accuses-rahul-sonia-of-fraud-511434.html|date=1 November 2012|publisher=[[Firstpost]]|access-date=22 October 2015|archive-date=8 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208074124/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/full-text-swamy-accuses-rahul-sonia-of-fraud-511434.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

AJL published the [[The National Herald (India)|''National Herald'' newspaper]] in English, ''[[Qaumi Awaz]]'' in Urdu and ''Navjeevan'' in Hindi until 2008. AJL also owns real estate property in various cities including New Delhi, Lucknow, Bhopal, Mumbai, Indore, Patna and Panchkula.<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/the-nittygritty-of-the-national-herald-case/article7967367.ece|title=The nitty-gritty of 'The National Herald' case|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=10 December 2015|access-date=11 December 2015|archive-date=13 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151213061351/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/the-nittygritty-of-the-national-herald-case/article7967367.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="indianexpress.com"/> The value of the real estate owned by AJL is estimated to be at {{INRConvert|50|b}}.<ref name="The Hindu"/> The properties of AJL include Herald House, a six-storey building with around 10,000 sq metre office space.<ref>{{citation|title=How National Herald newspaper funds Rahul and Sonia Gandhi's Young Indian|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-how-national-herald-newspaper-funds-rahul-and-sonia-gandhi-s-young-indian-1999011|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|date=2 July 2014|location=[[New Delhi]]|access-date=23 October 2015|archive-date=11 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211204155/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-how-national-herald-newspaper-funds-rahul-and-sonia-gandhi-s-young-indian-1999011|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 21 January 2016 the AJL in its meeting in [[Lucknow]] decided to relaunch the three dailies, ''National Herald'' and its sister publications, Quami Awaz and Navjivan.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/relaunch-of-national-herald-is-still-a-long-way-off/article8835995.ece|title=Relaunch of National Herald is still a long way off|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=12 July 2016|last1=Gupta|first1=Smita|access-date=13 August 2016|archive-date=11 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160711194926/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/relaunch-of-national-herald-is-still-a-long-way-off/article8835995.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Allegations by other shareholders of usurpation of their shares===
After the Delhi High Court dismissed the appeal of Sonia Gandhi and others against the summons issued by the trial court, many shareholders of AJL alleged that no notice was served on them by AJL for any meeting of the shareholders and that the shares held by their fathers have been transferred by AJL to Young Indian fraudulently without their consent in December 2010. These shareholders include prominent individuals such as former law minister [[Shanti Bhushan]] and former chief justice of Allahabad and Madras High Courts [[Markandey Katju]].<ref name = shareholders>{{citation|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/ajl-did-not-inform-us-or-obtain-approval-for-equity-transfer-say-shareholders|title=AJL did not inform us or obtain approval for equity transfer, say shareholders|date=12 December 2015|publisher=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=12 December 2015|archive-date=12 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212202359/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/ajl-did-not-inform-us-or-obtain-approval-for-equity-transfer-say-shareholders/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Young Indian==
Young Indian is a private company limited by guarantee, incorporated on 23 November 2010 with a capital of {{INRConvert|5|l}}<ref name="The Hindu"/> and with its registered office at 5A, Herald House, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, Delhi. On 13 December 2010, [[Rahul Gandhi]] was appointed director of Young Indian while [[Sonia Gandhi]] joined the board of directors on 22 January 2011.<ref name="indianexpress.com"/> Of the company's shares, 76 percent are jointly held by Sonia Gandhi and Rahul Gandhi, and the new remaining 24 percent are held by [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] leaders [[Motilal Vora]] and [[Oscar Fernandes]] (12 percent each).<ref name=livemint>{{citation|title=Real estate at core of Associated Journals controversy|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/bUEeUUtEit7aZjGNZEK6ZL/Real-estate-at-core-of-Associated-Journals-controversy.html|publisher=Live Mint|date=14 November 2012|location=[[New Delhi]]/[[Bangalore]]|access-date=9 December 2015|archive-date=11 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211000131/http://www.livemint.com/Politics/bUEeUUtEit7aZjGNZEK6ZL/Real-estate-at-core-of-Associated-Journals-controversy.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{citation|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/fyi/story/what-is-the-national-herald-case-all-about-276236-2015-12-08|title=What is the National Herald case all about?|publisher=[[India Today]]|date=8 December 2015|access-date=9 December 2015|archive-date=20 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151220133357/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/what-is-the-national-herald-case-all-about/1/541733.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It is described by Rahul Gandhi's office as a "not-for-profit company" which does have commercial operations.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/rahul-threatens-to-sue-subramanian-swamy/article4055087.ece|title=Rahul threatens to sue Subramanian Swamy|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=2 November 2012|access-date=9 December 2015|archive-date=12 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112235601/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/rahul-threatens-to-sue-subramanian-swamy/article4055087.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Case==
On 1 November 2012, [[Subramanian Swamy]] filed a private complaint in a court in Delhi alleging that both [[Sonia Gandhi]] and [[Rahul Gandhi]] have committed fraud and [[land grabbing]] worth {{INRConvert|16|b}} by acquiring a publicly limited company called Associated Journals Limited (AJL) through their owned private company, Young Indian.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lobis.nic.in/ddir/dhc/SUG/judgement/07-12-2015/SUG07122015CRLMM33322014.pdf |title=CRL.M.C.3332/2014 & Crl.M.A.11550/2014 |publisher=lobis.nic.in |date=7 December 2015 |access-date=7 December 2015 |archive-date=8 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208204756/http://lobis.nic.in/ddir/dhc/SUG/judgement/07-12-2015/SUG07122015CRLMM33322014.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> He also claimed that, through this fraud, they had got the publication rights of the ''[[The National Herald (India)|National Herald]]'' and ''Qaumi Awaz'' newspapers, with real estate properties in Delhi and Uttar Pradesh. He alleged that the acquired properties were given by the government only for the purposes of publishing newspapers, but were used for running a passport office with rental income amounting to millions of rupees.<ref>{{cite web |author=New Delhi, 1 Nov 2012, DHNS |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/289449/swamy-accuses-sonia-rahul-property.html |title=Swamy accuses Sonia, Rahul of property fraud |work=Deccan Herald |date=1 November 2012 |access-date=22 October 2015 |archive-date=26 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426082136/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/289449/swamy-accuses-sonia-rahul-property.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Sanjay Singh |url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/swamy-does-a-kejriwal-targets-sonia-rahul-for-landgrab-511644.html |title=Swamy does a Kejriwal, targets Sonia & Rahul for landgrab |publisher=Firstpost |date=1 November 2012 |access-date=22 October 2015 |archive-date=23 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523184238/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/swamy-does-a-kejriwal-targets-sonia-rahul-for-landgrab-511644.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

His complaint in the court further alleges that, on 26 February 2011, AJL approved the transfer<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/fyi/story/what-is-the-national-herald-case-all-about-276236-2015-12-08|title=What is the National Herald case all about?|publisher=[[India Today]]|date=8 December 2015|access-date=9 December 2015|archive-date=20 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151220133357/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/what-is-the-national-herald-case-all-about/1/541733.html|url-status=live}}</ref> of an [[Unsecured debt|unsecured loan]] of {{INRConvert|90|c}} from the [[All India Congress Committee]] at zero interest{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} with all ninety million (9 crore) of the company's shares of {{INRConvert|10}} each to Young Indian.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/rahul-threatens-to-sue-subramanian-swamy/article4055087.ece|title=Rahul threatens to sue Subramanian Swamy|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=2 November 2012|access-date=9 December 2015|archive-date=12 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112235601/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/rahul-threatens-to-sue-subramanian-swamy/article4055087.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Swamy argued that it is illegal for a political party to lend money for commercial purposes as per Section 29A to C of the [[Representation of the People Act (India)|Representation of the People Act, 1951]], and Section 13A of Income-tax Act, 1961, and demanded investigation by the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) and the de-recognition of the Indian National Congress party for using public money.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Swamy-seeks-Congress-de-recognition-party-says-Herald-emotional-issue/Article1-954171.aspx |title=Swamy seeks Congress' de-recognition; party says Herald emotional issue |work=Hindustan Times |date=3 November 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313040054/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/newdelhi/swamy-seeks-congress-de-recognition-party-says-herald-emotional-issue/article1-954171.aspx |archive-date=2014-03-13 }}</ref> On 2 November 2012, the party responded that the loan was given only for reviving the ''National Herald'' newspaper with no commercial interest.<ref>{{cite news |author=Smita Gupta |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/congress-to-revive-national-herald-challenges-swamy-to-take-it-to-court/article4058571.ece |title=Congress to revive National Herald, challenges Swamy to take it to court |newspaper=The Hindu |date=2 November 2012 |access-date=22 October 2015 |archive-date=27 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227075827/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/congress-to-revive-national-herald-challenges-swamy-to-take-it-to-court/article4058571.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |agency=Press Trust of India |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/swamy-to-move-court-against-ec/article4073917.ece |title=Swamy to move court against EC |work=The Hindu |date=7 November 2012 |access-date=22 October 2015 |archive-date=10 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110190024/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/swamy-to-move-court-against-ec/article4073917.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ec-orders-probe-against-rahul-gandhi-for-wrong-information/305996-37-64.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121118154928/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ec-orders-probe-against-rahul-gandhi-for-wrong-information/305996-37-64.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 November 2012 |title=EC orders probe against Rahul Gandhi for 'wrong information' about his assets |publisher=Ibnlive.in.com |date=17 November 2012}}</ref>

The hearing of the criminal proceedings case was taken up by the magistrate on various dates while the defendants opposed the petition and asked the magistrate to dismiss it.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.oneindia.in/2013/03/16/subramanian-swamy-s-victory-against-sonia-rahul-gandhi-1173225.html|title=Subramanian Swamy's victory against Sonia, Rahul Gandhi|publisher=One India|date=16 March 2013|access-date=22 October 2015|archive-date=6 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006130929/http://news.oneindia.in/2013/03/16/subramanian-swamy-s-victory-against-sonia-rahul-gandhi-1173225.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/nation/national-herald-acquisition-delhi-court-summons-roc-to-testify-records.html|title=NATIONAL HERALD ACQUISITION: DELHI COURT SUMMONS ROC TO TESTIFY RECORDS|publisher=dailypioneer|date=29 April 2014|access-date=22 October 2015|archive-date=2 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502010312/http://www.dailypioneer.com/nation/national-herald-acquisition-delhi-court-summons-roc-to-testify-records.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The court finally observed that ''[[prima facie]]'' evidence against all the accused was found. The court issued summons to the defendants to appear in the court to defend themselves against all the allegations made in Swamy's complaint.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/court-summons-sonia-gandhi-rahul-in-national-herald-land-grab-case_942922.html|title=Court summons Sonia Gandhi, Rahul in National Herald land grab case|publisher=ZEE NEWS|date=26 June 2014|access-date=22 October 2015|archive-date=2 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702195725/http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/court-summons-sonia-gandhi-rahul-in-national-herald-land-grab-case_942922.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 26 June 2014, Metropolitan Magistrate Ms. Gomati Manocha summoned Sonia Gandhi, Rahul Gandhi, Motilal Vora, Oscar Fernandes, Suman Dubey and [[Sam Pitroda]] to appear in the court on 7 August 2014. She said that according to the evidence so far, "it appears that YIL was in fact created as a sham or a cloak to convert public money to personal use" to acquire control over {{INRConvert|20|b}} worth of AJL assets. The court noted that all accused persons had allegedly acted "in consortium with each other to achieve the said nefarious purpose/design".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/fyi/story/what-is-the-national-herald-case-all-about-276236-2015-12-08|title=What is the National Herald case all about?|date=8 December 2015 |access-date=9 December 2015|archive-date=20 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151220133357/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/what-is-the-national-herald-case-all-about/1/541733.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/national-herald-case-where-the-matter-stands/|title=National Herald case explained: Everything you need to know|date=8 December 2015|work=The Indian Express|access-date=11 December 2015|archive-date=19 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151219084153/http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/national-herald-case-where-the-matter-stands/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Appeal in Delhi High Court and Supreme Court==
The defendants appealed in the [[Delhi High Court]] against the summons issued by the magistrate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/National-Herald-case-Delhi-HC-stays-criminal-proceedings-against-Sonia-Gandhi-Rahul-Gandhi/articleshow/39756755.cms|title=National Herald case: Delhi HC stays criminal proceedings against Sonia Gandhi, Rahul Gandhi|publisher=TIMES OF INDIA|date=6 August 2014|access-date=22 October 2015|archive-date=17 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150917190210/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/National-Herald-case-Delhi-HC-stays-criminal-proceedings-against-Sonia-Gandhi-Rahul-Gandhi/articleshow/39756755.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/national-herald-case-relief-for-sonia-rahul-delhi-hc-stays-summons-till-august-13_952910.html|title=National Herald case: Relief for Sonia, Rahul, Delhi HC stays summons till August 13|publisher=ZEE NEWS|date=6 August 2014|access-date=22 October 2015|archive-date=8 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808232354/http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/national-herald-case-relief-for-sonia-rahul-delhi-hc-stays-summons-till-august-13_952910.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/report/national-herald-case-what-you-should-know/20151209.htm|title=National Herald case: What you should know|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=9 December 2015|access-date=11 December 2015|archive-date=24 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224154817/http://www.rediff.com/news/report/national-herald-case-what-you-should-know/20151209.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/national-herald-case-where-the-matter-stands/|title=National Herald case explained: Everything you need to know|publisher=[[The Indian Express]]|date=10 December 2015|access-date=11 December 2015|archive-date=19 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151219084153/http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/national-herald-case-where-the-matter-stands/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 1 August 2014, Swamy was served notice to file reply in the High Court.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/national-herald-case-delhi-high-court-serves-notice-to-subramanian-swamy-congress-sonia-gandhi-rahul-gandhi-202493-2014-08-01|title=National Herald case: Delhi High Court serves notice to Subramanian Swamy|publisher=INDIA TODAY|date=1 August 2014|access-date=22 October 2015|archive-date=1 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140801134409/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/national-herald-case-delhi-high-court-serves-notice-to-subramanian-swamy-congress-sonia-gandhi-rahul-gandhi/1/375130.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On 28 August 2014, the metropolitan court fixed 9 December 2014 for the next hearing of the case.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/national-herald-case-delhi-trial-court-to-hear-case-on-9-december-1686177.html|title=National Herald case: Delhi trial court to hear case on 9 December|publisher=FIRST POST|date=28 August 2014|access-date=22 October 2015|archive-date=31 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831164442/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/national-herald-case-delhi-trial-court-to-hear-case-on-9-december-1686177.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.oneindia.in/india/court-defers-hearing-in-national-herald-case-1510868.html|title=Court defers hearing in National Herald case|publisher=ONE INDIA|date=28 August 2014|access-date=22 October 2015|archive-date=6 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006121043/http://news.oneindia.in/india/court-defers-hearing-in-national-herald-case-1510868.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 12 January 2015, the judge of the Delhi High Court recused himself from hearing the case and directed that the petitions be directed before an appropriate bench.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/national-herald-case-judge-recuses-from-hearing-sonia-gandhi-rahul-gandhi-plea/|title=National Herald case: Judge recuses from hearing Sonia Gandhi, Rahul Gandhi plea|publisher=THE INDIAN EXPRESS|date=12 January 2015|access-date=22 October 2015|archive-date=15 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115074129/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/national-herald-case-judge-recuses-from-hearing-sonia-gandhi-rahul-gandhi-plea/|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 27 January 2015, the [[Supreme Court of India]] directed Swamy to make a case for speedy trial in the Delhi High Court which was hearing the appeal of Sonia Gandhi and others against the summons issued to them by the trial court.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/national-herald-case-sc-directs-subramanian-swamy-approach-delhi-hc-2067027.html|title=National Herald case: SC directs Subramanian Swamy to approach Delhi HC|publisher=FIRST POST|date=27 January 2015|access-date=22 October 2015|archive-date=30 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150130034454/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/national-herald-case-sc-directs-subramanian-swamy-approach-delhi-hc-2067027.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On plea by Sonia Gandhi and others, defendants requested that the Chief Justice reassign the case to Justice Sunil Gaur, who had recused himself earlier.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Congress-had-opposed-transfer-of-case-insisted-on-Gaur/articleshow/50130121.cms|title=Congress had opposed transfer of case, insisted on Gaur|work=The Times of India|date=11 December 2015 |access-date=13 December 2015|archive-date=26 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226074513/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Congress-had-opposed-transfer-of-case-insisted-on-Gaur/articleshow/50130121.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 1 August 2014, the [[Enforcement Directorate]] initiated a probe to discover if there was any [[Money laundering#India|money laundering]] in the case.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/national-herald-case-trouble-for-sonia-rahul-as-ed-begins-preliminary-probe_951680.html|title=National Herald case: Trouble for Sonia, Rahul as ED begins preliminary probe|publisher=ZEE NEWS|date=1 August 2014|access-date=22 October 2015|archive-date=2 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140802104309/http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/national-herald-case-trouble-for-sonia-rahul-as-ed-begins-preliminary-probe_951680.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On 18 September 2015, it was reported that the Enforcement Directorate had reopened the investigation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/politics/enforcement-directorate-reopens-national-herald-case-involving-sonia-and-rahul-gandhi-which-was-closed-in-august-1102471.html|title=Enforcement Directorate reopens National Herald case involving Sonia and Rahul Gandhi, which was closed in August|publisher=IBN Live|date=18 September 2015|access-date=22 October 2015|archive-date=13 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151013061122/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/politics/enforcement-directorate-reopens-national-herald-case-involving-sonia-and-rahul-gandhi-which-was-closed-in-august-1102471.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 7 December 2015, the Delhi High Court dismissed the appeals of Sonia Gandhi, Rahul Gandhi and five others which included [[Motilal Vora]], [[Oscar Fernandes]], Suman Dubey and [[Sam Pitroda]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/national-herald-case-court-directs-sonia-rahul-to-appear-on-dec-19/article7961353.ece?ref=relatedNews|title=Sonia, Rahul to appear in court on December 19, Congress disrupts Parliament|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=8 December 2015|last1=Jeelani|first1=Mehboob|last2=Kumar|first2=Nirnimesh|access-date=9 December 2015|archive-date=21 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321012058/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/national-herald-case-court-directs-sonia-rahul-to-appear-on-dec-19/article7961353.ece?ref=relatedNews|url-status=live}}</ref> and ordered them to appear in person before the trial court on 9 December.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/national-herald-case-loan-write-off-conflict-of-interest-benefiting-takeover-by-family/|title=National Herald case: Loan write-off, conflict of interest, benefiting takeover by family|publisher=[[The Indian Express]]|date=9 December 2014|access-date=11 December 2015|archive-date=11 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211085107/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/national-herald-case-loan-write-off-conflict-of-interest-benefiting-takeover-by-family/|url-status=live}}</ref> The Delhi High Court in its 7 December 2015 judgment noted "criminal intent."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/national-herald-case-where-are-the-296-missing-shareholders-of-ajl-115121200283_1.html|title=The mystery of the missing 296 AJL shareholders|author=N Sundaresha Subramanian|date=12 December 2015|newspaper=Business Standard India|access-date=12 December 2015|archive-date=15 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151215005607/http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/national-herald-case-where-are-the-296-missing-shareholders-of-ajl-115121200283_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 12 February 2016 the Supreme Court granted exemption to all the five accused in the case from personal appearances while refusing to quash proceedings against them.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/national-herald-case-sc-exempts-gandhis-from-personal-appearance/article8227320.ece|title=National Herald case: SC exempts Gandhis from personal appearance|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=12 February 2016|last1=Rajagopal|first1=Krishnadas|access-date=12 February 2016|archive-date=13 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213043953/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/national-herald-case-sc-exempts-gandhis-from-personal-appearance/article8227320.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/india/national-herald-case-breather-for-sonia-rahul-as-sc-expunges-objectionable-parts-of-hc-order_1854991.html|title=National Herald case: Breather for Sonia, Rahul as SC expunges objectionable parts of HC order|publisher=[[Zee News]]|date=12 February 2016|access-date=12 February 2016|archive-date=13 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213100138/http://zeenews.india.com/news/india/national-herald-case-breather-for-sonia-rahul-as-sc-expunges-objectionable-parts-of-hc-order_1854991.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Later on 12 July 2016 the Delhi High Court set aside the trial court judgement allowing examination of balance sheets and other documents of Congress party and other two companies, the AJL and Young Indian.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://delhihighcourt.nic.in/writereaddata/upload/Announcements/AnnouncementFile_BE5FNPPV.PDF|title=J- 2 PRONOUNCEMENT OF JUDGEMENTS(APPLET. JURISDICTION),1.CRL.M.C 671/2016,2.CRL.M.C. 672/2016, 3.CRL.M.C. 1317/2016, 4. CRL.M.C.1319/2016, 5. CRL.M.C.1321/2016|publisher=[[Delhi High Court]]|date=12 July 2016|access-date=13 August 2016|archive-date=16 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916083151/http://delhihighcourt.nic.in/writereaddata/upload/Announcements/AnnouncementFile_BE5FNPPV.PDF|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/national-herald-case-sonia-rahul-gandhi-subramanian-swamy-328800-2016-07-12|title=National Herald case: Relief for Sonia, Rahul as HC denies documents to Subramanian Swamy|publisher=[[India Today]]|date=12 July 2016|access-date=13 August 2016|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816055957/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/national-herald-case-sonia-rahul-gandhi-subramanian-swamy/1/712945.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/national-herald-case-hc-sets-aside-trial-court-order-summoning-documents-116071200605_1.html|title=National Herald case: HC sets aside trial court order summoning documents|publisher=[[Business Standard]]|date=12 July 2016|newspaper=Business Standard India|agency=Press Trust of India|access-date=13 August 2016|archive-date=17 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817023012/http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/national-herald-case-hc-sets-aside-trial-court-order-summoning-documents-116071200605_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The next hearing in the court is scheduled on 20 August.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/will-file-fresh-application-in-herald-case-swamy-to-court-116071600485_1.html |title=Will file fresh application in National Herald case: Subramanian Swamy to court. On 16 jan 2016 case was dismiss my court as not to get any solid evidence against sonia gandhi and rahul gandhi |publisher=[[Business Standard]] |date=16 July 2016 |newspaper=Business Standard India |agency=Press Trust of India |access-date=13 August 2016 |archive-date=21 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821071659/http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/will-file-fresh-application-in-herald-case-swamy-to-court-116071600485_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Trial in the magistrate's court==
On 7 December 2015, the Delhi High Court ordered Sonia Gandhi, Rahul Gandhi and five others to appear in person before the trial court on 9 December. They did not appear in the court and, on their lawyers' request, the trial court ordered them to appear before him in person on 19 December. He disallowed their request for exemption from personal appearance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/national-herald-case-delhi-court-asks-sonia-rahul-gandhi-to-appear-on-dec-19/|title=National Herald case: Gandhis to appear before court on Dec 19, Rahul says it's 'vendetta' politics|date=9 December 2015|work=The Indian Express|access-date=14 December 2015|archive-date=12 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212162448/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/national-herald-case-delhi-court-asks-sonia-rahul-gandhi-to-appear-on-dec-19/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/516282/national-herald-case-sonia-rahul.html|title=National Herald Case: Sonia and Rahul to appear in court on Dec 19|work=Deccan Herald|date=8 December 2015|access-date=14 December 2015|archive-date=12 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212112539/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/516282/national-herald-case-sonia-rahul.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On 19 December 2015 the Patiala House court granted bail to all but one and ordered them to appear in the court on the date of next hearing 20 February 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/sonia-rahul-get-bail-in-national-herald-case-in-less-than-5-minutes-278041-2015-12-19|title=National Herald case: Bail in 5 minutes for Sonia Gandhi and Rahul, next hearing on February 20|publisher=[[India Today]]|date=19 December 2015|access-date=23 December 2015|archive-date=23 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223195140/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/sonia-rahul-get-bail-in-national-herald-case-in-less-than-5-minutes/1/551258.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Sonia-Gandhi-Rahul-get-bail-in-National-Herald-case/articleshow/50244958.cms|title=Sonia Gandhi, Rahul get bail in National Herald case|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=19 December 2015|access-date=23 December 2015|archive-date=22 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222153224/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Sonia-Gandhi-Rahul-get-bail-in-National-Herald-case/articleshow/50244958.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 11 March 2016 the trial court allowed, after hearing [[Subramanian Swamy|Subramanian Swamy's]] plea to examine balance sheets of INC, AJL and Young Indian<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/india/national-herald-case-delhi-hc-reserves-order-on-congress-plea_1877392.html|title=National Herald case: Delhi HC reserves order on Congress' plea|publisher=[[Zee News]]|date=18 April 2016|access-date=13 August 2016|archive-date=7 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007144253/http://zeenews.india.com/news/india/national-herald-case-delhi-hc-reserves-order-on-congress-plea_1877392.html|url-status=live}}</ref> from 2010 to 2013,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/india/why-is-congress-so-afraid-of-national-herald-papers-will-re-apply-for-same-subramanian-swamy_1908050.html|title=Why is Congress so afraid of National Herald papers? Will re-apply for documents: Subramanian Swamy|publisher=[[Zee News]]|date=17 July 2016|access-date=13 August 2016|archive-date=19 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819020234/http://zeenews.india.com/news/india/why-is-congress-so-afraid-of-national-herald-papers-will-re-apply-for-same-subramanian-swamy_1908050.html|url-status=live}}</ref> which was later overturned by the Delhi High Court.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/national-herald-case-hc-sets-aside-trial-court-order-summoning-cong-documents/story-RFR00NE8KQeZNPXpvTgQFP.html|title=National Herald case: HC sets aside trial court order summoning Cong documents|publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=12 July 2016|access-date=13 August 2016|archive-date=13 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160713162818/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/national-herald-case-hc-sets-aside-trial-court-order-summoning-cong-documents/story-RFR00NE8KQeZNPXpvTgQFP.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 26 May 2018 Subramanian Swamy's application to the trial court seeking a directive for the defendants to verify material filed by Swamy in the National Herald case was denied.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/subramanian-swamy-application-in-national-herald-case-dismissed-by-delhi-court-5192605/|title=Subramanian Swamy's application in National Herald case dismissed by Delhi court|date=26 May 2018|website=The Indian Express|access-date=21 January 2019|archive-date=1 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801024620/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/subramanian-swamy-application-in-national-herald-case-dismissed-by-delhi-court-5192605/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Current status of the case==
The Supreme Court allowed the income-tax department to reassess the 2011–12 tax filings of Rahul Gandhi and Sonia Gandhi, even as the Congress leaders await a court verdict on the legality of I-T notices to them.

The top court, however, restrained the department from taking any action against the Congress president and his mother until 8 January 2019, which was the next date of hearing.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/66934978.cms|title=National Herald case: Supreme Court lets I-T department reopen Rahul and Sonia Gandhi's tax filings|first=Samanwaya|last=Rautray|date=5 December 2018|access-date=21 January 2019|newspaper=The Economic Times|archive-date=21 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121121759/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/66934978.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Enforcement Directorate permanently attached properties worth Rs.64 crore in the National Herald Case in May 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/national-herald-case-ed-attaches-part-of-bandra-building-worth-rs-16-crore/story-aNW0NfqNhfZB30kUuOD3YM.html|title=National Herald case: ED attaches part of Bandra building worth Rs 16 crore|first=Pratik|last=Salunke|date=9 May 2020|publisher=The Hindustan Times|accessdate=5 June 2020|archive-date=5 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605173811/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/national-herald-case-ed-attaches-part-of-bandra-building-worth-rs-16-crore/story-aNW0NfqNhfZB30kUuOD3YM.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The Enforcement Directorate attached properties worth Rs.751.9 crore in the National Herald Case in November 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/national-herald-case-ed-says-it-has-attached-assets-worth-rs-751-9-crore-in-money-laundering-probe/articleshow/105391035.cms?from=mdr|title=National Herald case: ED says it has attached assets worth Rs 751.9 crore in money laundering probe|date=22 November 2023|work=The Times of India|accessdate=22 November 2023}}</ref>

On 15 April 2025, the Enforcement Directorate filed a chargesheet against Sonia Gandhi, Rahul Gandhi, and Sam Pitroda in connection with the National Herald case.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sonia, Rahul Gandhi Named In Probe Agency Chargesheet In National Herald Case |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/probe-agency-ed-files-chargesheet-against-sonia-gandhi-rahul-gandhi-in-national-herald-case-8170481 |access-date=2025-04-15 |website=www.ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref>

On December 16, 2025, a Delhi court refused to take cognisance of the Enforcement Directorate's money laundering complaint, stating that the complaint was not maintainable because the case is based on a special complaint filed by BJP leader Subramanian Swamy, not on a first information report.<ref>https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/national-herald-case-rahul-sonia-gandhi-ed-chargesheet-december-16-2025/article70401699.ece#google_vignette</ref>

==See also==
* [[AJL-National Herald Panchkula land grab case|Panchkula-AJL land scam]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Alleged scams in India}}
{{Corporate scandals}}
{{Corruption in India}}
{{Scams and confidence tricks}}

[[Category:21st-century scandals]]
[[Category:2010 scandals]]
[[Category:Cover-ups]]
[[Category:Political corruption in India]]
[[Category:Manmohan Singh administration]]
[[Category:Criminal investigation]]
[[Category:Corruption in India]]
[[Category:Deception]]
[[Category:Financial scandals]]
[[Category:Finance fraud]]
[[Category:Scandals in India]]
[[Category:2010s in India]]
[[Category:2010 crimes in India]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress]]
[[Category:Lawsuits in India]]
[[Category:Trials in India]]
[[Category:Political controversies in India]]
[[Category:Controversies in India]]
[[Category:Political scandals in India]]

Battle of Turtuk

2026-03-19T06:50:06Z

Shamimulislam: refine lead also for consistency

{{pp|small=yes}}
{{short description|Military engagement in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Battle of Turtuk
| partof = the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]
| date = 8–14 December 1971 ({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=12|day1=8|year1=1971|month2=12|day2=14|year2=1971}})
| place = [[Turtuk]], [[Gilgit-Baltistan|Northern Areas]], [[Pakistan]] {{small|(present-day [[Ladakh]], [[India]])}}
| map_type = Kashmir
| coordinates = {{coord|34.845|76.828|display=inline,title}}
| map_size = 250px
| map_caption = Location of the battle with geopolitical borders in present-day [[Ladakh]]
| map_label = Turtuk
| territory = India annexes {{convert|883|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} of Pakistani territory, including Turtuk, Thang, Takshi and Chalunka villages and surrounding mountain peaks<ref name="Rediff"/><ref> {{cite web|url =https://bharatrannbhoomidarshan.gov.in/destinations/details/33/turtuk |title = Battle of Turtuk, Govt of India }} </ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/nkoE1dc52oYwoWRNmhEeYK/A-portrait-of-a-village-on-the-border.html |title=A portrait of a village on the border |date=10 August 2017 |archive-date=26 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170826113604/http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/nkoE1dc52oYwoWRNmhEeYK/A-portrait-of-a-village-on-the-border.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=22 December 2011 |title=Have you heard about this Indian Hero? |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-hero-of-nubra/20111222.htm#5 |work=Rediff.com |archive-date=14 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170614095202/http://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-hero-of-nubra/20111222.htm#5 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.storyofpakistan.com/articletext.asp?artid=A109&Pg=6 |title=The Simla Agreement 1972 |website=Story of Pakistan |access-date=20 October 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614014904/http://www.storyofpakistan.com/articletext.asp?artid=A109&Pg=6 |archive-date=14 June 2011}}</ref>
| result = Indian victory<ref name="India's seven wars"/><ref name="IDR"/>
| combatant1 = {{flag|India|23px}}
| combatant2 = {{flag|Pakistan|23px}}
| commander1 = {{plainlist|
* {{flagicon|India|army}} [[Major general|Maj. Gen.]] S. P. Malhotra
* {{flagicon|India|army}} [[Colonel|Col.]] [[Udai Singh (soldier)|Udai Singh]]
* {{flagicon|India|army}} [[Major (rank)|Maj.]] [[Chewang Rinchen]]
}}
| commander2 = Unknown
| units1 = [[Ladakh Scouts]] [[Nubra Guards]]
| units2 = [[Karakoram Scouts]] [[Gilgit Scouts]]
| strength1 = 860–1,400 personnel
| strength2 = 500–700 personnel
| casualties1 = Heavy
| casualties2 = Heavy
| notes =
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Indo-Pakistani War of 1971}}{{Campaignbox Indo-Pakistani Wars}}
}}

The '''Battle of Turtuk''' was a military engagement between [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] that took place during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]. Fighting between the two sides took place in [[Turtuk]] and its surrounding areas, then part of the Pakistani-administered Northern Areas in [[Kashmir]]. Following this battle, [[Indian Armed Forces|Indian forces]] captured Turtuk from Pakistan, which had controlled the area since the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948]].<ref name="India's seven wars">{{cite book|author=Col Y Udaya Chandar (Retd)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pwxFDwAAQBAJ&q=udai+singh+mvc&pg=PT446|title=Independent India's All the Seven Wars|date = 2 January 2018|publisher=Notion Press|isbn=9781948473224|pages=402}}</ref> Per the [[Simla Agreement]], Turtuk was incorporated into the erstwhile Indian-administered state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], and formally became a part of [[Ladakh]] following the [[Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir|revocation of Article 370]] by the [[Government of India]] in August 2019.

== Background ==
The village of [[Turtuk]] is situated in a strategically important location, as it lies in the immediate vicinity of the [[Line of Control]], which separates it from Pakistani-administered [[Gilgit-Baltistan]] to its north. It is also in relatively close proximity to the Line of Actual Control in the east, which separates Indian-administered [[Ladakh]] from the [[China|Chinese]]-occupied territory of [[Aksai Chin]].<ref name="Outlook">{{cite news |last= Gill |first= Gauri |date=28 June 1999 |title=The Siachen Factor |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/the-siachen-factor/207683 |newspaper=Outlook India}}</ref>

The area is extremely inhospitable and the land is rugged, with deep narrow gorges and ravines. The climate is dry and cold with temperatures falling to {{Convert|-25|C|F|abbr=}}.<ref name="IDR"/>

The Turtuk sector covers the entire [[Shyok River#Shyok va|Shyok river valley]]. In 1971, the sector came under the operational responsibility of the 3 Division of the Indian Army, based in [[Leh]] and commanded by Maj Gen S.P. Malhotra.<ref name="IDR"/> The Indian base of operations was located in the Nubra valley, also known as Partapur sector. The sector was connected to Leh via a single lane road over the [[Khardung La]] pass, which at 17,582 ft is the highest motorable pass in the world.<ref name="Rediff"/><ref name="Quint">{{cite news |last= Ranvir Vohra|first= Ansh|date=25 January 2018|title=Turtuk: The Village That Became Indian Overnight in the 1971 War|url=https://www.thequint.com/videos/turtuk-village-became-indian-overnight-1971-pakistan-war|newspaper=Quint}}</ref>

== Preliminary formations ==
The Indian sector commander was Col [[Udai Singh (soldier)|Udai Singh]] who commanded a force of 5 companies of the [[Ladakh Scouts]], of which 2 were committed to defending the Chinese border. In order to enable the 3 available companies for offensive action, 550 members of the local population were recruited and trained to form 4 companies of [[Nubra Guards]]. These were mainly tasked with static duties and for defensive duties. The 3 companies of Ladakh Scouts were supported by 2 platoons of the Nubra Guards, 2 sections of 81mm [[Mortar (weapon)|mortars]] and 2 sections of [[Medium machine gun|MMGs]].<ref name="India's seven wars" />

The defending Pakistani force consisted of 1 company of [[Northern Light Infantry|Karakoram Scouts]] and 1-2 companies of mixed Karakoram and [[Gilgit Scouts]]. These were supported by three 75-mm guns, a section of 3.7-inch [[howitzer]]s and six three-inch mortars. The Pakistani positions were well prepared with the approaches [[land mine|mined]].<ref name="IDR">{{cite web|title=Defence of the Western Border - III|url=http://www.indiandefencereview.com/news/defence-of-the-western-border-iii/0/|publisher=Indian Defence Review|date=5 August 2011}}</ref><ref name="Rediff">{{cite news |last= Arpi|first= Claude|date=22 December 2011|title=Have you heard about this Indian Hero?|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-hero-of-nubra/20111222.htm|newspaper=Rediff news}}</ref>

==The battle==
{{One source|date=March 2023}}

While approaching the LoC from the side of [[Diskit]] in Ladakh along the Indus River, the sector has the following features in the south-to-north sequence: [[Bogdang]], [[Chalunka]] (Chulunkha), Pt 18,402 peak, [[Turtuk]], [[Takshi|Tyakshi]], Tyakshi Pachathang, [[Thang, Ladakh|Thang]] - all of which are now in Indian control. As of 2025 the villages in the Pakistan-administered area are first [[Frano, Gilgit-Baltistan|Frano]] and then Thagmus.

The Indian attack was led by the Major [[Chewang Rinchen]], who had earlier earned an MVC in the 1947 Pakistan War and a Sena Medal in the 1962 China war.
On the first day, the force advanced to a place called Baigdangdo (Bogdang), driving for 40 km in jeeps and the next 40 km by foot.
The next day, the unit had the option to attack the Pakistani defenses either via the steep mountainous paths or along the Shyok river. Major Chewang Rinchen decided to use the mountain paths as the approach along the Shyok river was expected to be well covered by machine gun nests as well as well mined. This would also have the benefit of taking the enemy by surprise and avoiding heavy fighting.<ref name="Rediff-4"/>

On 8 December, the force captured a Pakistani picquet on the top of the mountain known as Pt 18402. A platoon was also tasked to silently approach the back of Pt 18,402 and take control of the Pakistani line of communication. From the top of Pt 18402, the entire valley from Turtok and Chulunkha in the West, to the Indian headquarters at Partapur and the airfield at Thoise in the east was visible.
After this, Major Chewang Rinchen's unit climbed town from Pt 18402 towards the Pakistani camp on the other side. When it reached the camp, it was found to have been abandoned and a large stock of supplies and ammunition was captured.<ref name="Rediff-4"/>

On 9 December, the Indian force while approaching the Pakistani base camp of Chulunkha defence complex and encountered heavy mortar and machine gun fire from multiple sides. The force was able to overcome the heavy firing and capture the Chulunkha defence complex.<ref name="Rediff-4"/>

The next task was to capture Turtuk on the left bank of the Shyok river. On 14 December, the force commenced the advance to take Turtuk village attack while simultaneously commencing mortar fire on the Pakistani defences to soften them up. When the mortar fire stopped and the force entered Turtuk village, it found that the Pakistani defenders had fled the previous night. Only the menfolk of the village were still present in the village while the women and children were hiding in a nullah nearby, afraid of violence and atrocities by the Indian troops. Major Rinchen was able to reassure the villagers of their safety and told them "The Indian Army will help you in all respects. Bring back your womenfolk and children. They are like our mothers and sisters. I will be responsible for their safety, if there is any misbehaviour on the part of any soldier or civilian who has come with us, I shall take disciplinary action against the person who misbehaves."<ref name="Rediff-4">{{cite news |date=22 December 2011|title=Rinchen's second victory of the day|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-hero-of-nubra/20111222.htm#4|newspaper=Rediff News}}</ref>

The next day, Major Rinchen and his unit proceeded to [[Takshi|Tyakshi]] and Pachethang. By that time Pakistani forces had withdrawn, so the unit faced no resistance in capturing these 2 objectives.<ref name="Rediff-4"/>

On 17 December morning, the unit prepared to launch an attack on [[Frano, Gilgit-Baltistan|Prahnu]] and Piun, however on the same afternoon, the Pakistan government agreed to a ceasefire and the Indian forces were ordered to cease fire.<ref name="India's seven wars"/><ref name="Rediff"/><ref name="IDR"/>

==Result==
The battle resulted in India's capture of around 580 sq km of mostly mountains of [[Ladakh Range]] and [[Karakoram|Karakorum Range]], Mountains ranging in height from 18,000 to 23,000 feet high and four small villages of Turtuk, Chalunkha, Thang, and Takshi were captured from [[Pakistani-administered Kashmir]]. The capture of Point 18402, the highest post ever captured, was a major strategic victory as from this point the entire Shyok valley stretching from Turtuk and Chulunkha in the East, to the Indian headquarters at Partapur and the airfield at Thoise in the west were visible and therefore exposed to attack and observation.<ref name="Rediff"/>

Under the [[Shimla Agreement]], India gave back more than 13,000 km2 of land that the Indian Army had seized in Pakistan during the war, though India retained a few strategic mountain peaks of [[Azad Kashmir|Pakistan controlled Kashmir]] (which is administered by Pakistan and claimed by India), including [[Turtuk]], [[Dhothang]], Tyakshi (earlier called Tiaqsi) and [[Chalunka]] of [[Chorbat Valley]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thewire.in/politics/turtuk-story-of-a-promise-land|title=Turtuk, a Promised Land Between Two Hostile Neighbours|work=The Wire|access-date=27 October 2020|archive-date=30 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030083934/https://thewire.in/politics/turtuk-story-of-a-promise-land|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://scroll.in/article/815863/an-encounter-with-the-king-of-turtuk-a-border-village-near-gilgit-baltistan|title=An encounter with the 'king' of Turtuk, a border village near Gilgit-Baltistan|first=qz com|last=Rajrishi Singhal|work=Scroll.in|access-date=27 October 2020|archive-date=24 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024100411/https://scroll.in/article/815863/an-encounter-with-the-king-of-turtuk-a-border-village-near-gilgit-baltistan|url-status=live}}</ref> which was more than 580 km2.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/nkoE1dc52oYwoWRNmhEeYK/A-portrait-of-a-village-on-the-border.html|title=A portrait of a village on the border|date=10 August 2017|access-date=26 August 2017|archive-date=26 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170826113604/http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/nkoE1dc52oYwoWRNmhEeYK/A-portrait-of-a-village-on-the-border.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=22 December 2011 |title=Have you heard about this Indian Hero? |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-hero-of-nubra/20111222.htm#5 |work=Rediff.com |access-date=28 May 2015 |archive-date=14 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170614095202/http://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-hero-of-nubra/20111222.htm#5 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.storyofpakistan.com/articletext.asp?artid=A109&Pg=6 |title=The Simla Agreement 1972 |website=Story of Pakistan |access-date=20 October 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614014904/http://www.storyofpakistan.com/articletext.asp?artid=A109&Pg=6 |archive-date=14 June 2011}}</ref>

==See also==

* [[Yaldor Sub Sector]]
* [[Battle of Chamb#Other|India-Pakistan battles]]
* [[Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Turtuk 1971}}
[[Category:Battles of the India–Pakistan war of 1971]]
[[Category:Battles of the Kashmir conflict]]
[[Category:Leh district]]
[[Category:History of Gilgit-Baltistan]]
[[Category:History of Ladakh]]

National Financial Switch

2026-03-18T02:25:50Z

Shamimulislam: adding the post v1

{{Short description|Bank network in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2013}}
{{Infobox interbank network
| name = National Financial Switch
| logo =NFS logo.svg
| area = [[India]]
| foundation = 27 August 2004
| members = 101 Direct Members 
776 Sub-Members 
56 RRBs 
8 WLAOs
| atm = 237000
| owner = [[NPCI]]
}}'''National Financial Switch (NFS)''' is the largest network of shared [[Cash machine|automated teller machines]] (ATMs) in India.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-04-19/news/28440844_1_nfs-atm-transactions-largest-network|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|title=Barclays ATM network linked to National Financial Switch|date=2010-04-19|location=Mumbai|publisher=[[The Times Group]]|access-date=2014-05-01|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429050540/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-04-19/news/28440844_1_nfs-atm-transactions-largest-network|agency=[[Press Trust of India]]}}</ref> It was designed, developed and deployed by the [[Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology]] (IDRBT) in 2004, with the goal of inter-connecting the ATMs in the country and facilitating convenience banking. It is run by the [[National Payments Corporation of India]] (NPCI). As on 31 January 2022, there were 1,203 members that includes 111 Direct, 1,045 Sub members, 43 RRBs and 4 WLAOs using NFS network connected to more than 2.55 Lac ATM (including cash deposit machines/recyclers).{{fact|date=March 2026}}

== Background ==
The first ATM in India was set up in 1987 by [[HSBC]] in Mumbai.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timescrest.com/opinion/taking-stock-3681 |title=Taking stock {{!}} Opinion {{!}} Times Crest |website=www.timescrest.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110203073522/http://www.timescrest.com/opinion/taking-stock-3681 |archive-date=2011-02-03}} </ref> In the following ten years, about 1500 ATMs were set up in India. In 1997, the [[Indian Banks' Association]] (IBA) set up [[Swadhan]], the first network of shared ATMs in India. It was managed by [[India Switch Company]] (ISC) for five years, and allowed cardholders to withdraw cash from any ATM in the network, for a fee if they did not have an account with the bank that owned the ATM. In 2002, the network connected over 1000 ATMs of the 53 member banks of the association. The network was capable of handling 250,000 transactions per day, but only 5000 transactions, worth about {{INR}}100,000, took place each day. In contrast, [[ICICI Bank]]'s network of about 640 ATMs handled transactions worth about {{INR}}20,000,000 each day. After the contract with ISC expired, IBA failed to find a bidder to manage the operationally uneconomical network, and shut it down on 31 December 2003.

After the collapse of Swadhan, [[Bank of India]], [[Union Bank of India]], [[Indian Bank]], [[United Bank of India]] and [[Syndicate Bank]] formed an ATM-sharing network called [[CashTree]]. [[Citibank]], the [[Industrial Development Bank of India]], [[Standard Chartered Bank]] and [[Axis Bank]] formed a similar network called [[Cashnet]]. [[Punjab National Bank]] and [[Canara Bank]] also created such networks.

In August 2003, the [[Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology|IDRBT]] announced that it would be creating the National Financial Switch (NFS) to link together the country's ATMs in a single network.

The IDRBT collaborated with [[Euronet Worldwide]] and [[Opus Software]] to build a platform to allow banks to connect their own switches to the NFS. The NFS consisted of an inter-ATM switch and a e-commerce [[payment gateway]].

== History ==
The National Financial Switch was launched by the IDRBT on 27 August 2004, connecting the [[Cash machine|ATMs]] of three banks, [[Corporation Bank]], [[Bank of Baroda]] and ICICI Bank.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2004-07-23/news/27393746_1_payment-gateway-national-financial-switch-idrbt|newspaper=Economic Times|title=Common gateway to allow PSU bank customers to shop online|date=2004-06-23|location=Mumbai|publisher=The Times Group|access-date=2014-05-01|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429050626/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2004-07-23/news/27393746_1_payment-gateway-national-financial-switch-idrbt|agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ir.euronetworldwide.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=375253|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140501193415/http://ir.euronetworldwide.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=375253|archive-date=2014-05-01|access-date=2014-05-01|url-status=live|date=2004-05-20|location=[[Leawood, Kansas|Leawood]]|publisher=[[Euronet Worldwide]]|title=Euronet Worldwide selected as turnkey solution provider for India's national financial switch}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2004-08-31/news/27405063_1_atms-private-banks-idrbt|newspaper=Economic Times|title=Banks switch to interconnectivity|date=2004-06-23|location=Mumbai|publisher=The Times Group|access-date=2004-08-31|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429050530/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2004-08-31/news/27405063_1_atms-private-banks-idrbt|agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref> The IDRBT then worked towards bringing all major banks in India on board and by December 2009, the network had grown to connect 49,880 ATMs of 37 banks, thereby emerging as the largest network of shared ATMs in the country.

IDRBT decided to hive off its operational role on ATM switching to refocus on research and development, and was sought to shift the business to a national-level payment system organization. The [[National Payments Corporation of India]] (NPCI) started discussions with IDRBT on the feasibility of taking over. The Board for Regulation and Supervision of Payment and Settlement Systems (BPSS) at its meeting held on 24 September 2009 approved in-principle to issue authorisation to NPCI for operating various retail payment systems in the country. The [[Reserve Bank of India]] granted authorisation to NPCI to take over the operations of National Financial Switch (NFS) from the Institute of Development and Research in Banking Technology (IDRBT) on a ‘as is where is basis’ on 15 October 2009. NPCI deputed its officials to IDRBT Hyderabad, and the Institute handed over the National Financial Switch to the NPCI on 14 December 2009.

Any bank that provides [[core banking]] services with 24x7 transaction banking capabilities with or without ATMs may join the National Financial Switch through a sponsor bank. This allows non-scheduled [[Urban Co-operative Bank]]s (UCBs) and [[Regional Rural Bank]]s (RRBs) to gain access to the national network of over 103,000 ATMs in the country. Before 14 August 2011, access was limited to [[scheduled banks]] with [[real-time gross settlement|RTGS]] membership.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-08-14/news/29886557_1_national-financial-switch-nfs-network-npci|newspaper=Economic Times|title=Any bank can now join national financial switch: NPCI|date=2011-08-14|location=Mumbai|publisher=The Times Group|access-date=2014-05-01|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429050439/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-08-14/news/29886557_1_national-financial-switch-nfs-network-npci|agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref> The sponsorship scheme was started to increase the connectivity of ATMs across the country, and to enable customers to use ATMs across India.

The primary headquarters is located at [[Mumbai]].

== Member banks ==
As of April 2017, the NFS Network connects total of 2,36,199 ATMs in India. Among them 2,16,952 ATMs of 99 Direct Member banks, 4,058 ATMs of 692 Sub Member banks, 1,034 ATMs of 56 RRB Member banks and 14,146 ATMs of 8 White Label ATM providers, which is the largest number of ATMs under a single network in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.npci.org.in/nfsatm.aspx|title=NFS Member Banks ATMs|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140208131951/http://www.npci.org.in/nfsatm.aspx|archive-date=8 February 2014|publisher=National Payments Corporation of India|access-date=2014-05-01}}</ref>

== Services offered in NFS ==
NFS which is the largest domestic ATM network in the country member banks has been in the fore front in providing inter bank ATM services to maximum customers. Initially, the following basic transactions were available in the NFS network
* Cash Withdrawal
* Balance Enquiry
* PIN Change
* Mini Statement
To enable the member banks of NFS to offer greater utility to their customers, NPCI has introduced the below mentioned functionalities as value added services to enable customers to use these services at any participating bank ATMs.

Card to Card Fund transfer (ATM/Debit Card to ATM/Debit Card) : Using this service, a Card holder of a participating NFS Member Bank will be able to remit funds to another Card holder of a participating NFS Member Bank. The funds will be transferred basis the Beneficiary's ‘Card Number’ which the remitter will be required to input at the time of the transaction. The main features of the service are mentioned below:
* Inter Operable
* Instant Fund Transfer
* 24/7 Availability
* Paper Less
* Secure
* Better Fund Management
* Transaction Limits - The transaction limits are in accordance with the RBI's circular on ‘Domestic Money Transfer’. Accordingly, for cases where the Issuing and Beneficiary Cards are ‘Debit/ATM Cards’, the per transaction limit will be Rs.5000 and the monthly limit will be Rs.25,000 per remitter.
Cheque Book Request/Statement Request: At present, although statement & cheque book request options are available at ATMs, these are available only for customers of that particular bank. NFS aims to make this option inter operable wherein customers will be able to avail the aforementioned services at NFS member bank ATMs who avail this particular service from NPCI.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Portal|India|Banks|Money}}
* [http://www.rbi.org.in Reserve Bank of india] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101219113959/http://rbi.org.in/ |date=19 December 2010 }}
* [https://www.npci.org.in/what-we-do/nfs/product-overview National Financial Switch official web page]

{{Banking in India}}
{{interbank networks}}

[[Category:Interbank networks in India]]
[[Category:Payment and settlement systems in India]]

Samaikhya Andhra

2026-03-17T08:44:51Z

Shamimulislam: created redirect

#REDIRECT [[Samaikyandhra movement]]

Jayanta Bandyopadhyay

2026-03-17T06:42:57Z

Shamimulislam: further updated layout as per guidelines and fixed typos

{{Short description|Indian professor and environmentalist}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Jayanta Bandyopadhyay
| image = Jayanta_Bandyopadhyay_2010.JPG
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Jayanta Bandyopadhyay
| birth_date = 31 Dec 1947
| birth_place = India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| citizenship = India
| fields = Environment and development
| workplaces = [[Indian Institute of Management Calcutta]]
| alma_mater = [[Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur]]
}}
'''Jayanta Bandyopadhyay''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: জয়ন্ত বন্দ‍্যোপাধ‍্যায়; born 31 December 1947 in [[Kolkata, India]]), is a researcher, analyst and author. He is now a Distinguished Fellow at the [[Observer Research Foundation]], Kolkata. He is a Former Professor of the [[Indian Institute of Management Calcutta]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://web1.iimcal.ac.in/faculty/facpage.asp?ID=jayantab |title=Faculty Information >> Jayanta Bandyopadhyay |access-date=2 July 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121218224546/http://web1.iimcal.ac.in/faculty/facpage.asp?ID=jayantab |archive-date=18 December 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> An internationally renowned professional on public interest research, mountain environment and water governance in south Asia, Bandyopadhyay has authored sixteen critically acclaimed books and monographs, in addition to 150 papers and articles. He has delivered invited lectures in many parts of the world.

==Early life and education==
Bandyopadhyay had his schooling in Kolkata after which he studied engineering. He received a [[Master of Technology]] degree in 1969<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.iitkalumni.org/directory/findfriend.asp?min=301&max=400&default=100&letter=J |title=Archived copy |access-date=2 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100714172103/http://www.iitkalumni.org/directory/findfriend.asp?min=301&max=400&default=100&letter=J |archive-date=14 July 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and PhD in 1976 in Engineering Physics from [[Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur]]. After obtaining his doctorate, he turned his research interest to the interdisciplinary area of Science and the Natural Environment. He soon got deeply interested in research on the Himalaya. His professional life started to revolve around environment and economic growth in the world's mountains. In 1977 he joined the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]], Cambridge, USA, as a visiting post-doctoral fellow in the area of science and public policy.

==Career==
Following his work for a doctorate in Physics of Metals Bandyopadhyay has been closely associated with research on science, environment and economy in the mountains, in particular the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) in Asia.

His research contribution on the rivers emerging from the HKH mountain has been widely acclaimed. He has been a member of the faculty at [[Indian Institute of Management Bangalore|IIM Bangalore]], the [[International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development]], Kathmandu, and the International Academy of Environment (IAE), Geneva. In 1991 he was invited by the Earth Summit Secretariat in Geneva to draft a chapter for Agenda-21 on the world's mountains. In 1997 he was invited by the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta (IIMC) to establish the Centre for Development and Environment Policy (CDEP). With his professional leadership, the CDEP attracted global attention. He retired from his position at IIMC in 2012 and spent a year at the Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi as a Visiting Professor. Presently he is a Distinguished Fellow at the Observer Research Foundation, Kolkata chapter. He has been an adviser to the [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] (IUCN) New Delhi, and the Water Diplomacy Program at [[Tufts University]], Medford, USA.

He recently acted as a review-editor for the Report on Himalayan Monitoring and Assessment Programme (HIMAP) of ICIMOD, Kathmandu. The central contribution of Bandyopadhyay is an interdisciplinary approach to the understanding of mountain areas and governance of the ten large rivers emerging from the Himalaya.

Bandyopadhyay served as the President of Indian Society for Ecological Economics (2006–08); President of SaciWATERS (2000–09); Chair of Scientific Advisory Committee, [[G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment|GB Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development]] (2007–12); and as Board Member, International Society for Ecological Economics (2007–09). He was the Coordinating Lead Author for "Freshwater Ecosystem Services" in ''Millennium Ecosystem Assessment''.

==Selected bibliography==

===Books and monographs===

* Governing the Water Tower of Asia Monograph Observer Research Foundation March 2022
* Environmental Sustainability from the Himalayas to the Oceans: Struggles and Innovations in China and India (New York, Springer) Co-edited 2017.
* ''IRBM for Brahmaputra Sub-basin: Water Governance, Environmental Security and Human Well-being'' (New Delhi, Observer Research Foundation) Co-authored 2016.
* ''Environmental Governance: Approaches, Imperatives and Methods'' (New Delhi, Bloomsbury) Co-edited, 2012<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://academic.research.microsoft.com/Author/52711739/jayanta-bandyopadhyay |title=Jayanta Bandyopadhyay |access-date=2 July 2012 |archive-date=3 January 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103235232/http://academic.research.microsoft.com/Author/52711739/jayanta-bandyopadhyay |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ecoinsee.org/areport.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2 July 2012 |archive-date=19 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111119181017/http://www.ecoinsee.org/areport.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* The Indian Sundarbans Delta: A Vision (New Delhi, WWF-India), co-authored, forthcoming in 2011<ref>{{Cite web |title=indian_sundarbans_delta__a_vision |url=http://assets.wwfindia.org/downloads/indian_sundarbans_delta__a_vision.pdf |website=assets.wwfindia.org |access-date=2 July 2012 |archive-date=2 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002055422/http://assets.wwfindia.org/downloads/indian_sundarbans_delta__a_vision.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Water, Agriculture and Sustainable Well-being (New Delhi, Oxford University Press) 2009 (co-edited)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.dkagencies.com/doc/from/1063/to/1123/bkId/DKA26217162763210473045249115371/details.html | title=Water, agriculture and sustainable well-being / }}</ref>
* Water, Ecosystems and Society: A Confluence of Disciplines (New Delhi, Sage) 2009 (authored)<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7IXwPAAACAAJ |title = Water, Ecosystems and Society: A Confluence of Disciplines|isbn = 9788178299334|last1 = Bandyopadhyay|first1 = Jayanta|date = 12 May 2009| publisher=SAGE Publications }}</ref>
* Report of the Task Force on the Mountain Ecosystems – Eleventh Five-Year Plan (New Delhi, Planning Commission, Government of India) 2006 (Co-authored)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://planningcommission.nic.in/aboutus/committee/wrkgrp11/tf11_ecosys.pdf|title=Archived copy|accessdate=4 April 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130404230150/http://planningcommission.nic.in/aboutus/committee/wrkgrp11/tf11_ecosys.pdf|archivedate=4 April 2013}}</ref>
* Integrated Water Systems Management in South Asia: A Framework for Research CDEP Occasional Paper 09 (Kolkata, Indian Institute of Management Calcutta) 2006 (authored)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://academic.research.microsoft.com/Publication/5706496/a-framework-for-research-on-integrated-water-systems-management-in-south-asia |title=A Framework for Research on Integrated Water Systems Management in South Asia |access-date=2 July 2012 |archive-date=3 January 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103215458/http://academic.research.microsoft.com/Publication/5706496/a-framework-for-research-on-integrated-water-systems-management-in-south-asia |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Biodiversity and Quality of Life (New Delhi, MacMillan) 2005 (co-edited)<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZLVQAAAACAAJ|title=Biodiversity and Quality of Life|publisher=Macmillan India|year=2005|pages=353|isbn=9781403927446}}</ref>
* Moving the Mountains Up in the Global Environmental Agenda CDEP Occasional Paper 03 (Kolkata, Indian Institute of Management Calcutta) 2004 (co-authored)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://envis.mse.ac.in/resurvey%20publication.asp |title=Envis |access-date=2 July 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121218202514/http://envis.mse.ac.in/resurvey%20publication.asp |archive-date=18 December 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Freshwater for India's Children and Nature (New Delhi: UNICEF & WWF) 1998 (co-authored)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://envis.mse.ac.in/envistamil/bmain.asp?url=acpubs.htm |title=ENVIS- Environmental Economics Node - Academic Resources |access-date=2 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130312045149/http://envis.mse.ac.in/envistamil/bmain.asp?url=acpubs.htm |archive-date=12 March 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Mountains of the World: A Global Priority (London: Parthenon) 1997 (editorial advisor and joint coordinator for production).
* Structural Transformation Processes Towards Sustainable Development in India and Switzerland (Bern, Swiss National Science Foundation) May 1996 (co-authored).
* Natural Resource Management in the Mountain Environment: the Case of Doon Valley Occasional Paper14 (Kathmandu: ICIMOD) 1989 (authored)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.inspirenetwork.org/art%26rep_envior_law%26policy.htm |title=Articles and Reports Environmental Law and Policy in India: Cases, Materials and Statutes |access-date=10 July 2022 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220208/http://www.inspirenetwork.org/art%26rep_envior_law%26policy.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Science and Technology in the Asia-Pacific Region (Paris: UNESCO) 1989 (authored).
* India's Environment: Crises and Responses (Dehradun: Natraj Publishers) 1985 (co-edited)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Browse |url=http://exacteditions.theecologist.org/exact/browse/307/308/6477/3/36 |website=exacteditions.theecologist.org}}{{dead link|date=June 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bandyopadhyay, Jayanta}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Writers from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Bengali scientists]]
[[Category:Indian non-fiction environmental writers]]
[[Category:IIT Kanpur alumni]]
[[Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Indian Institute of Management Bangalore]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta]]
[[Category:Scientists from Kolkata]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Indian expatriates in the United States]]

Chengannur Orthodox Diocese

2026-03-15T22:34:14Z

Shamimulislam:

{{Short description|Diocese of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox diocese
|jurisdiction =
|name = Diocese of Chengannur
|image = Malankara Emblem.png
|imagewidth =
|alt =
|caption = '''Catholicate Emblem'''
|country = [[India]]
|headquarters = Bethel Aramana, P.B No 38, Chengannur, Kerala, 689 121
|coordinates =
|denomination =
|border = Orthodox
|territory = [[Chengannur]]
|metropolitan = H. G. [[Mathews Thimothios (Malankara bishop)|Mathews Mar Thimotheos]]
|established = 10 March 1985
|website = [https://mosc.in/dioceses/diocese-of-chengannur/ Chengannur Diocese]
|first_incumbent = [[Thomas Mar Athanasios]]
|diocese = Chengannur Diocese
|rite = [[Malankara Rite]]
|bishop =
|parent_church = [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]]
}}

'''Chengannur Diocese''' is one of the 32 dioceses of [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]]. Its headquarters is situated at Bethel Aramana, [[Chengannur]].

==History==
The Diocese of Chengannur was established on 10 March 1985<ref>[https://mosc.in/dioceses/diocese-of-chengannur Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church website, ''Diocese of Chengannur'']</ref> with 50 Churches from Thumpamon, Niranam and Kollam Dioceses. It spreads out in [[Alappuzha]] and [[Pathanamthitta]] districts having 51 churches and 10 chapels.

H.G. Dr [[Thomas Athanasios|Thomas Mar Athanasios]] Kizhakkethalakkal became the first [[Metropolitan bishop|Metropolitan]] of the Diocese of Chengannur on 1 August 1985.

In 2018 the then [[Malankara Metropolitan]] H.H [[Baselios Marthoma Paulose II]] appointed H.G. Dr. Mathews Mar Thimotheos as the assistant metropolitan of the diocese to help Mar Athanasios in his old age. Mar Athanasios died in August 2018.<ref>[https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2018/aug/24/thomas-mar-athanasios-orthodox-metropolitan-of-chengannur-diocese-falls-from-train-and-dies-1862112.html New Indian Express website, article dated August 24, 2018]</ref>

The diocese came directly under the control of Malankara Metropolitan H.H. Baselios Marthoma Paulose who was assisted by H.G. Dr. Mathews Mar Thimotheos. H.H. Baselios Marthoma Paulose died in 1921 and H.H. [[Baselios Marthoma Mathews III]] was enthroned as the Malankara Metropolitan, also taking charge of Chengannur.

In 2022, H.G. [[Mathews Thimothios (Malankara bishop)|Dr Mathews Mar Thimotheos]] became the Metropolitan of the diocese of Chengannur.<ref>[https://mosc.in/holysynod/h-g-dr-mathews-mar-thimothios-metropolitan Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church website, ''Dr Mathews Mar Thimotheos'']</ref>

==Diocesan Metropolitans ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%;"
|-
! colspan="4" style="background-color: #7F1734; color: white;" | Chengannur Orthodox Diocesan Metropolitan
|-
! style="background-color: #D4B1BB; width: 15%;" | From
! style="background-color: #D4B1BB; width: 15%;" | Until
! style="background-color: #D4B1BB; width: 35%;" | Metropolitan
! style="background-color: #D4B1BB; width: 35%;" | Notes

|- valign="top" style="background-color: white;"
| style="text-align: center;" | 1985
| style="text-align: center;" | 24-Aug-2018
| Kizhakkethalakkal [[H.G. Dr Thomas Mar Athanasios]]
| 1st Metropolitan of the diocese

|- valign="top" style="background-color: #F7F0F2;"
| style="text-align: center;" | 2012
| style="text-align: center;" | 12-Jul-2021
| [[Baselios Marthoma Paulose II]] Catholicos
| 2nd Metropolitan of the diocese, Ruled as Malankara Metropolitan

|- valign="top" style="background-color: white;"
| style="text-align: center;" | 15-Oct-2021
| style="text-align: center;" | 03-Nov-2022
| [[Baselios Marthoma Mathews III]] Catholicos
| 3rd Metropolitan of the diocese, Ruled as Malankara Metropolitan

|- valign="top" style="background-color: #F7F0F2;"
| style="text-align: center;" | 03-Nov-2022
| style="text-align: center;" | Incumbent
| [[Mathews Thimothios (Malankara bishop)|Mathews Mar Thimothios]]<ref>[https://stchurch.stthomasghaziabad.org/holysynod St Thomas Church Ghaziabad website, ''Holy Synod'', retrieved 2023-12-05]</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kalpana No. 344/2022 Appointments of Bishops|url=https://mosc.in/uploads/2022/01/Kalpana-344-2022-1.pdf|access-date=2 November 2024 |work=mosc.in|language=en-IN}}</ref>
| 4th Metropolitan of the diocese
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%;"
|-
! colspan="4" style="background-color: #7F1734; color: white;" | Assistant Metropolitan
|-
! style="background-color: #D4B1BB; width: 15%;" | From
! style="background-color: #D4B1BB; width: 15%;" | Until
! style="background-color: #D4B1BB; width: 35%;" | Metropolitan
! style="background-color: #D4B1BB; width: 35%;" | Notes

|- valign="top" style="background-color: white;"
| style="text-align: center;" | 2018
| style="text-align: center;" | 03-Nov-2022
| [[Mathews Thimothios (Malankara bishop)|Mathews Mar Thimothios]]
| Assistant metropolitan
|}

==Parish List==
[[File:Thomas mar athansius chengannur.jpg|thumb|H.G Dr Thomas Mar Athanasios Kizhakkethalakkal]]
{{div col}}
* Ala St.George Orthodox Church
* Arathil St.George Orthodox Maha Edavaka
* Arattupuzha St.Marys Orthodox Church
* Attuva St.Bursouma Orthodox Church
* Budhanoor St.Elias Orthodox Church
* Chengannur Bethel Mar Gregorios Orthodox Aramanapali
* Chengannur St.Ignatious Orthodox Cathedral
* Cherianad St.George Orthodox Church
* Edanad St.Marys Orthodox Church
* Edavankad St.Marys Orthodox Church
* Kadamankulam St.Marys Orthodox Church
* Kallunkal East St.Ignatious Orthodox Church
* Kallunkal West St.George Orthodox Church
* Karakkad Seenaikkunnu St.Marys
* Kodukulanji St.Marys Orthodox Church
* Koorthamala St.Marys Orthodox Church
* Kudassanad St. Stephen's Orthodox Cathedral Pilgrim Centre
* Kurampala St.Thomas Orthodox Church
* Kurichimuttom St.Stephens Orthodox Church
* Kuttamperror St.Marys Orthodox Church
* Kuttor Betaniya Mar Gregorios Orthodox Church
* Mangalam St.George Orthodox Church
* Manthalir St.Thomas Orthodox Church
* Maramon Marthamariam Pazya suriyani Orthodox Pali
* Mezhuveli Holy Innocent Orthodox Church
* Mezhuveli Shalem Orthodox Church
* Mulakkuzha St. Marys Orthodox Church
* Neervilakam Mar Gregorios Orthodox Church
* Nellickal St. Marys Orthodox Church
* Nellimala Mar Gregorios Orthodox Church
* Nooranad St. Thomas Orthodox Church
* Olickal Mar Gregorios Orthodox Church
* Othera St.Marys Orthodox Church
* Pandanad North St.Thomas Orthodox Church
* Pandanad St.Marys Orthodox Church
* Perissery East Mar Gregorios Orthodox Church
* Perissery St.Marys Orthodox Valiyapali
* Piralaseery St.George Orthodox Church
* Poozhikad St.George Orthodox Church
* Puliyoor St.Marys and St.George Orthodox Church
* Pullad St.George Orthodox Church
* Puthencavu St.Marys Orthodox Cathedral
* Thiruvanvandoor St.George Orthodox Church
* Thottapuzha Mar Gregorios Orthodox Church
* Ullannor St.George Orthodox Church
* Ullannor St.Marys Orthodox Church
* Umayattukara St.Thomas Orthodox Church
* Vallamkullam St.Marys Orthodox Church
* Venmony St.Marys Orthodox Church
* Yordanpuram Mar Gregorios Peniel Orthodox Church
* Kozhuvallor St.George Orthodox Church-UDC
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://chengannur.mosc.in/}}
*[http://malankaraorthodoxchurch.in/ Website of Malankara Orthodox Church]
*[https://directory.mosc.in/parishes/?diocese=695 Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church website, Directory of churches in Chengannur Orthodox Diocese]

{{Dioceses of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church}}

{{coord missing|Kerala}}

[[Category:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church dioceses]]
[[Category:1985 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:Dioceses established in the 20th century]]
[[Category:Oriental Orthodox dioceses in India]]

Pemmasani Erra Timmanayudu

2026-03-11T21:37:16Z

Shamimulislam: made new post basic info

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
'''Pemmasani Erra Timmanayudu''', also known as '''Pedda Timmanayudu''' or '''Yara Timmanayudu''', was a member of the [[Pemmasani Nayaks]] in the 16th century [[Vijayanagara Empire]] in [[South India]]. He is credited for the rise of [[Rama Raya (statesman)|Rama Raya]] to the throne of Vijayanagara, and he was the commandant of the [[Gandikota]] Fort.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BYDfAAAAMAAJ|title=Forts of Āndhra Pradesh: From the Earliest Times Upto 16th C. A.D.|last=Murthy|first=N. S. Ramachandra|date=1996-01-01|publisher=Bharatiya Kala Prakashan|isbn=9788186050033|location=|pages=202|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{harvnb|Sriramamurty|1973|p=283}}</ref> His brother was the notable [[Pemmasani Ramalinga Nayudu|Commander Pemmasani Ramalinga Nayudu]].

==Biography==
Erra Timmanayudu was born to [[Pemmasani Timmanayudu II|Timmanayudu II]] and Machamma. According to ''[[kaifiyat]]'' of Tadipatri, he succeeded to the estates of his father during the reign of [[Achyuta Deva Raya|Achyutadevaraya]].<ref name=":2">{{harvnb|Ramaswami|1975|pp=11}}</ref><ref name=":04">{{harvnb|Sriramamurty|1973|p=282}}</ref> Like his father, Erra became the commandant of the Gandikota Fort, which at that time was an ''amaram'' of the Nandyala chiefs.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> Given the resources at his disposal as the Gandikota commandant, Erra was in a strong position to influence the affairs of Vijayanagara.<ref name=":0" /> Erra seems to have started his career during the reign of Achyutadevaraya, and he played a very active role in Vijayanagara politics following the death of Achyutadevaraya, especially in helping [[Rama Raya (statesman)|Rama Raya]] rise to power.<ref name=":03322">{{harvnb|Sriramamurty|1973|p=296}}</ref>

Erra espoused the cause of Rama Raya when the latter was "helpless" and in need of assistance.<ref name=":0" /> He helped Rama Raya with recruiting soldiers at Gandikota, and Rama Raya began his offensive against Salakaraju from [[Gandikota]] with the active assistance of Erra.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":03">{{harvnb|Sriramamurty|1973|p=287}}</ref> Erra and his brothers, Chinna Timmanayudu I and [[Pemmasani Ramalinga Nayudu|Ramalinga Nayudu II]], won many battles for Rama Raya, including the Battle of Juturu and Battle of Betamcherla.<ref name=":032">{{harvnb|Sriramamurty|1973|p=279}}</ref> A historian, Y. Sriramamurthy, stated the following about the role played by Erra in assisting Rama Raya:

{{Quote box
| quote = But for the assistance given by Yara [Erra] Timmanayudu, Ramaraya might not have succeeded in destroying Salakaraju Tirumala and enthroning his own nominee Sadasiva Raya. Indirectly, Yara [Erra] Timmanayudu contributed his [might] in laying the foundations for the meteoric rise of Ramaraya in particular and of the Araviti family in general.<ref name=":0" />
}}

Erra constructed a village and named it Timmanayudupeta.<ref name=":033">{{harvnb|Sriramamurty|1973|p=293}}</ref> Since in the Vijayanagara Empire, the governors, commandants of forts, and ''amarnayakas'' could mint their own coins, Erra Timmanayudu did just that and circulated them in his fiefdom.<ref name=":0332">{{harvnb|Sriramamurty|1973|pp=294–295}}</ref> He also made improvements to the [[Chintalarayaswami Temple|Chintala Venkataramana Temple]], which was built by his father, and added paintings using the large amount of money and jewels that he received from Rama Raya as gifts.<ref name=":2" />

Sriramamurthy states that "most probably", Erra Timmanayudu may have died in the [[Battle of Talikota]] because the Kaifiyat of Tadipatri makes no mention of him after the battle. Erra Timmanayudu was succeeded by his son, Pemmasani Narasimhanayudu.<ref name=":03322"/>

== Notes ==
<references />

== Bibliography ==

* {{Citation|last=Murthy|first=N. S. Ramachandra|title=Forts of Āndhra Pradesh: From the Earliest Times Upto 16th C. A.D|date=1996|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BYDfAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Bharatiya Kala Prakashan|isbn=9788186050033}}
* {{Citation|last=Sriramamurty|first=Y.|title=Journal of the Andhra Historical Society, Volume 30, Parts 1-4|date=1964|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pgDjAAAAMAAJ|pages=89–104|chapter=History of the Pemmasani Family|publisher=Andhra Historical Research Society}}
** {{citation|last=Sriramamurty|first=Y.|title=Studies in the History of the Telugu country during the Vijayanagara period 1336 to 1650 A D|date=1973|chapter=The Pemmasani Family|chapter-url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/107988/10/10_chapter%206.pdf|publisher=Karnatak University/Shodhganga|hdl=10603/107988}}
* {{Citation|last=Ramaswami|first=N. S.|title=Temples of Tadpatri|date=1975|url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.63415?q=temples+of+tadipatri|publisher=Govt. of Andhra Pradesh}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Erra Timmanayudu}}
[[Category:Telugu people]]
[[Category:Vijayanagara generals]]

Servants of India Society

2026-03-07T06:16:18Z

Shamimulislam:

{{Short description|Society formed in 1905 in India}}{{More citations needed|date=April 2009}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Servants of India Society
| logo =
| logo_caption =
| image =
| caption =
| formation = {{Start date and age|1905|6|12}}
| founder = [[Gopal Krishna Gokhale]]
| type = [[Service club]]
| headquarters = [[Pune]], India
| location = Pan-India
| membership =
| language =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| publication = [[The Hitavada]]
| key_people =
| num_staff =
| budget =
| volunteers =
| website = {{URL|www.servantsofindia.in/}}
}}
[[File:GKGokhale.jpg|thumb|Gopal Krishna Gokhale]]
The '''Servants of India Society''' is a [[social reform]] organisation that was formed in [[Pune district|Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], on June 12, 1905 by [[Gopal Krishna Gokhale]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=133131|title=Servants of India Society to celebrate centenary|publisher=[[Indian Express]]|date=June 9, 2005|accessdate=2009-07-14}}{{dead link|date=February 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> to harness the youth to patriotic service. He left the [[Deccan Education Society]] to form this association. Along with him were a small group of educated Indians, as Natesh Appaji Dravid, Gopal Krishna Deodhar, [[Surendranath Banerjee|Surendra Nath Banerjee]], and Anant Patwardhan who wanted to promote social and human development and overthrow the British rule in [[India]].<ref name="Gokhale">{{cite book|author=Bal Ram Nanda|url=https://archive.org/details/gokhaleindianmod0000nand/page/n549/mode/2up|publisher=Delhi : Oxford University Press |title=Gokhale: The Indian Moderates and the British Raj|year= 1977|isbn=|location=|page=483}}</ref>

The Society was established on the conviction that true liberation of the masses could only be achieved through the committed efforts of a group of selfless, dedicated, and intelligent individuals who would devote their lives to the service of the nation and the upliftment of its most vulnerable communities. The Society’s volunteers were trained to serve as nationalist missionaries, taking vows of renunciation and forsaking all notions of selfishness, pride, and personal recognition. With a deep sense of duty, they committed themselves fully to their work and the service of the nation. The Society emphasized holistic nation-building through initiatives in education, social welfare, and the upliftment of marginalized and underprivileged communities. Its mission extended beyond economic and political realms, encompassing a broad spectrum of social issues aimed at fostering inclusive and sustainable progress.<ref name="GoI"/>

The Society organized many campaigns to promote education, sanitation, health care, and fight the [[social evil]]s of [[untouchability]] and discrimination, alcoholism, poverty, oppression of women and for protection of women from domestic abuse.

The society is regarded as the first secular organization in the country dedicated to serving the underprivileged, rural and tribal communities, along with other social causes.<ref name="GoI">{{Cite web|author=|url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?7081|title=Servants of India Society|publisher=Ministry of Culture, Government of India}}</ref>

The Society began publishing [[The Hitavada]], its English-language journal from [[Nagpur]], in 1911.

In 1930, the society established the [[Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics]], Pune.<ref name="FE">{{cite news |last= |first= |date=6 June 2020|title=Pune’s Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics turns 90!|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/lifestyle-punes-gokhale-institute-of-politics-and-economics-turns-90-1983335/|newspaper=Financial Express|access-date= 7 April 2025 }}</ref>

[[File:Statue of Gopal Krishna Devadhar.jpg|thumb|Statue of Gopal Krishna Devadhar at Devadhar Government Higher Secondary School Campus, Near Tanur, Kerala]]

Prominent Indians were its members and leaders. It chose to remain away from political activities and organizations like the [[Indian National Congress]].

It still continues its activities albeit with a small membership. It has its H.Q. in the city of [[Pune]], Maharashtra. It has its branches in various other states like [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Odisha]] and [[Uttarakhand]]. It has its branch office at [[Allahabad]], [[Uttar Pradesh|U.P.]]

In Odisha, it has its centres at [[Cuttak]], [[Choudwar]] and [[Rayagada]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiatogether.org/stories/2002/rd1002.htm|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180814231628/http://www.indiatogether.org/stories/2002/rd1002.htm|archive-date = 14 August 2018|title = India Together: Profile of Servants of India Society - October 2002}}</ref> It runs an orphanage in Odisha.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Indian independence movement]]

{{India-hist-stub}}

Police Story 2 (2007 film)

2026-03-03T21:46:16Z

Shamimulislam: made basic info initial version

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Police Story 2
| image = Police Story 2 (2007 film).jpg
| caption = DVD cover
| director = [[Thriller Manju]]
| producer = G. H. Gurumurthy N. Narasimha Murthy
| writer =
| screenplay = Thriller Manju
| story = S. S. David
| starring =[[Sai Kumar (Kannada actor)|Sai Kumar]] [[P. J. Sarma]] [[Shobaraj]] [[Rockline Venkatesh]]
| music = [[R. P. Patnaik]]
| cinematography = J. G. Krishna
| editing = R. Janardhan
| studio = Gururaya Film Makers
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2007|02|06|df=yes}}
| runtime = 166 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Police Story 2''''' is a 2007 Indian [[Kannada film|Kannada]]-language [[action film]] written and directed by [[Thriller Manju]], and is the sequel of 1996 film ''[[Police Story (1996 film)|Police Story]]''. It stars [[Sai Kumar (Telugu actor)|Sai Kumar]], who reprises his role as Agni IPS. The film was simultaneously dubbed into [[Telugu language|Telugu]] under the same name, with Saikumar's brother [[P. Ravi Shankar]], dubbing for Shobaraj in the Telugu version.

==Plot==
Agni gets Promoted as DCP. Agni and Vijay are good friend and the loyal cops, who faces stiff opposition from Godmother Thimmakka in their objective of a crime-free city. Thimmakka, who can make or break in [[Judiciary of India|Judiciary]] and [[Politics of India|politics]] faces severe jolt when her son is gunned down by Agni and Vijay for murder of call center girl Swetha. To bring bad image to police department, Thimmakka unites two underworld dons. One is Dharmaraj and another is Satyaprakash on a promise that they get prime positions.

Agni does not lose courage even though his colleagues in the department turn in favor of Thimmakka. He has the support of sincere [[Chief Minister of Karnataka|Chief Minister]]. In his killing spree of anti social elements that is also reply to Thimmakka, Agni becomes a nightmare. At this time the political moves changes the seat of power. Thimmakka's right hand Dharmaraj becomes the CM, his beloved commissioner gets transfer order and Agni is at the receiving end. In the blood boiling situation, Agni uses his intelligence and kills Satyaprakash in Dharmaraj's residence in pretext for security reasons. Dharmaraj becomes confused about Agni's moves.

Meanwhile, Agni gets shocked that Black Tiger has arrived, where it is revealed that Black Tiger actually escaped from the death sentence (which is shown in the [[Police Story (1996 film)|previous film]]) with the help of corrupt officials. Agni is assigned to investigate, where he finds three government officials interlinked in this case, and brings them to a safe place to produce them at the court, but they are killed by Black Tiger in an encounter. Agni also loses his trusted colleague and friend Vijay at this stage and becomes alone.

Meanwhile, Black Tiger sets bombs across various places and escapes to [[Bangkok]]. In one of the bomb blasts, Agni loses his mother. Enraged, Agni barges into Thimmakka's residence and kills her, where he forces Dharmaraj to reveal everything in the court. Agni receives permission to encounter Black Tiger and heads to Bangkok, where he manages to kill Black Tiger.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Saikumar (actor, born 1960)|Saikumar]] as Agni
*[[Rockline Venkatesh]] as Vijay
*[[P. J. Sarma]] as Chief Minister
*[[Shanoor Sana]] as Godmother Thimmakka
*[[Shobaraj]] as Black Tiger
*[[Thalapathy Dinesh]] as [[Tiger Memon]]
*[[G. V. Sudhakar Naidu]] as Dharmaraj
*[[Ponnambalam (actor)|Ponnambalam]]
*[[Lambu Nagesh]]
*[[Karibasavaiah]] as Inspector Prathap
*[[Rami Reddy (actor)|Rami Reddy]]
*[[Raghu Babu]]
*[[Loknath]] as Commissioner
}}

==Production==
''Police Story 2'' is a sequel to 1996 film of same name. The film retained most of its actors and technicians from the original version. Saikumar said "When we decided to make a sequel, we wondered from where to begin. So we decided to extend the story to Rayalaseema."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/return-of-the-super-cop/article2240268.ece|title=Return of the super cop|date=8 February 2007|publisher=|accessdate=11 July 2016|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref>

==Critical reception==
[[R. G. Vijayasarathy]] of ''[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]'' wrote, "Police Story Part II' looks every inch like the original in its narration, content, technical details and even the way the characters speak their dialogues. It is utterly crude with no space for sensibility and sensitivity."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/3707/kannada/police-story-2/1047/review.htm|title=Police Story 2 Review - Kannada Movie Police Story 2 nowrunning review|publisher=|accessdate=11 July 2016}}</ref> ''Sify'' wrote, "This is a power packed action extravaganza. A sequel to 'Police Story' released 10 years ago this film is updated in technology and is stylishly made. Thriller Manju has done a mind blowing job with eight action scenes and non stop punching dialogues from dialogue king Saikumar in the role of Agni is the redeeming feature of this film. This is a feast for the action lovers and those who love dialogue oriented films."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/police-story-2-review-kannada-pclwlvhfbjjcf.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818075035/http://www.sify.com/movies/police-story-2-review-kannada-pclwlvhfbjjcf.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 August 2016|title=Police story-2|website=[[Sify]] |publisher=|accessdate=11 July 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2007 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Karnataka Police]]
[[Category:2000s masala films]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Indian sequel films]]
[[Category:Films scored by R. P. Patnaik]]
[[Category:Films set in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Films shot in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hong Kong]]
[[Category:2007 action films]]
[[Category:2007 films]]

Ottamuri Velicham

2026-03-03T20:35:08Z

Shamimulislam: added references and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|2017 drama film by Rahul Riji Nair}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ottamuri Velicham
| image = File:Ottamuri Velicham Poster.jpeg
| caption = Movie Poster
| director = {{plainlist|
* [[Rahul Riji Nair]]
}}
| producer = First Print Studios
| writer = [[Rahul Riji Nair]]
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Deepak Parambol]]
* [[Vinitha Koshy]]
* Rajesh Sharma,
* [[Pauly Valsan]]
* Renjit Shekar Nair
}}
| music = {{plainlist|
* Sidhartha Pradeep, Sheron Roy Gomez {{small|(Songs)}}
* Sidhartha Pradeep {{small|(Score)}}
}}
| editing = {{plainlist|
* Appu N Bhattathiri
}}
| cinematography = Luke Jose
| studio = First Print Studios
| released = {{Film date|2017}}
| runtime = 102 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Malayalam]]
}}

'''''Ottamuri Velicham''''' (English: Light in the Room) is a 2017 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language drama film written and directed by [[Rahul Riji Nair]]. It is produced under the banner of First Print Studios and has [[Vinitha Koshy]] and [[Deepak Parambol]] in the lead roles.<ref name="ibtimes">{{cite news
| url = http://www.ibtimes.co.in/it-happened-all-sudden-says-actor-deepak-parambol-over-viral-marriage-photo-vinitha-koshy-741822
| title = 'It happened all of a sudden,' says actor Deepak Parambol over viral marriage photo with Vinitha Koshy
| newspaper = International Business Times
| author = Anu James
| access-date = 22 Oct 2017
}}</ref> The film unveils the journey of a newly wed girl who moves into a one-room shack in an isolated village with her husband. The film portrays the social issue of [[marital rape]] in India.<ref name="cinemaexpress">{{cite web
| url = http://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2017/aug/30/deepak-and-vineetha-koshy-to-play-a-married-couple-1890.html
| title = Deepak and Vineetha Koshy to play a married couple
| publisher = CinemaExpress
| author = Express Features
| date = 30 August 2017
| access-date = 30 Aug 2017
}}</ref>
The film won 4 awards at the 2017 [[Kerala State Film Awards]], including Best Feature Film of the year.<ref name="timesIndia">{{cite news
| url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/kerala-state-film-awards-2018-here-are-the-winners/articleshow/63213496.cms
| title = Kerala State Film Awards 2017
| newspaper = Times of India
| author = Deepa Soman
| access-date = 8 March 2018
}}</ref> The film had its World Premiere at the New York Indian Film Festival on May 11, 2018. The film was released on Eros Now as an Original in November, 2018.

== Plot ==
Set against the backdrop of a hilltop village surrounded by dense forest and a decaying tea plantation, is the story of Sudha, an under privileged woman who reaches this village after her marriage with Chandran. They stay along with Chandran's brother and aging mother in a confined single room house with a makeshift separation to create space for the couple. The room has a strange light without a switch which changes its colours often. While Chandran calls the light his invention of a lifetime, it deprives Sudha of her privacy and begins to haunt her. Adding to her woes, Chandran engages in acts to physically exert his dominance over Sudha. Amidst deep trauma, Sudha realises that she doesn't have any support and decides to fight for her survival and seeks revenge against Chandran. Will Sudha succeed in her fight for freedom forms the crux of this emotional thriller.

== Cast ==
*[[Deepak Parambol]] as Chandran
*[[Vinitha Koshy]] as Sudha
*Rajesh Sharma as Jayan
*[[Pauly Valsan]] as Mother
*Renjit Shekar Nair as Ramesh

== Crew ==
* Story, Screenplay, Dialogue, Direction: Rahul Riji Nair
* Produced By: First Print Studios
* Executive Producers: Sujith Warrier, Zam Abdul Vahid
* DoP: Luke Jose
* Editor: Appu N Bhattathiri
* Music: Sidhartha Pradeep, Sheron Roy Gomez
* Background Score: Sidhartha Pradeep
* Lyrics: Linku Abraham, Gilu Joseph
* Art: Sidharth Jeevakumar
*Assistant Art Directors : Aishwarya Nandkumar, Sreelakshmi A
* Make-Up: Prabhakaran Poojapura
* Sound Design & Mixing: Anoop Kammaran (AK Music Studios), Shefin Mayan, Prasanth Sasidharan
* Costumes: Nithya Vijay, Devika S Nair
* Chief Associate: Jeevan Jos Kaitharath, Baiju V Nath

== Awards ==
;[[Kerala State Film Awards]] 2017<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 8, 2018 |title=Parvathy, Indrans and Lijo Jose win big at Kerala State Film Awards 2017 |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/kerala/parvathy-indrans-and-lijo-jose-win-big-kerala-state-film-awards-2017-77624 |access-date=2025-10-07 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref>
* [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Film]] : Ottamuri Velicham
* [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Editor]] : Appu N Bhattathiri
* [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Character Actress]] : [[Pauly Valsan]]
* [[Kerala State Film Award - Special Jury Award]] : [[Vinitha Koshy]]

; International Awards

* German Star of India [Best Feature Film], 15th Indian Film Festival Stuttgart, 2018 <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indisches-filmfestival.de/files/6915/3234/4972/PM_Winner_IFFS18.pdf/ |title=IFF Stuttgart Award Winners |access-date=29 July 2018 |archive-date=30 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730021543/http://www.indisches-filmfestival.de/files/6915/3234/4972/PM_Winner_IFFS18.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Second Best Feature Film, Chicago South Asian Film Festival, 2018

; Nominations

* Best Film, New York Indian Film Festival 2018 <ref>[http://www.iaac.us/nyiff2018/nominations.htm NYIFF 2018 Award Nominations]</ref>
* Best Director, New York Indian Film Festival 2018
* Best Actress, New York Indian Film Festival 2018
* Director's Vision Award, 15th Indian Film Festival Stuttgart, 2018
* Oxfam Award for Best Film on Gender Equality, MAMI 2018

== Film festivals ==
* Winner, 15th Indian Film Festival Stuttgart
* Runner Up, Chicago South Asian Film Festival
* Official Selection (India Gold), Mumbai Film Festival (MAMI)
* Official Selection, New York Indian Film Festival 2018 (World Premiere)
* Official Selection, Imagine India International Film Festival, Madrid 2019
* Official Selection, Film Bazaar Recommends 2017
* Official Selection, Market Recommended - Dubai Film Market 2017

== Production ==
Principal photography commenced in June 2017 in [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]]. The major portions of film is set against the backdrop of Bonacaud Tea Estate.

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{KeralaStateFilmAwardBestFilm}}

[[Category:Films about social issues in India]]
[[Category:2017 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:Eros Now original films]]

Julie Ganapathi

2026-03-03T04:38:35Z

Shamimulislam: quick updated lead for consistency also

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Julie Ganapathi.JPG
| caption = VCD cover
| director = [[Balu Mahendra]]
| screenplay = Balu Mahendra
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Misery (novel)|Misery]]''|[[Stephen King]]}}
| producer = V. Gnanavelu [[Jayaprakash (actor)|V. Jayaprakash]]
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Saritha]]
*[[Jayaram]]
*[[Ramya Krishnan]]
}}
| cinematography = Balu Mahendra
| editing = Balu Mahendra
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| studio = GJ Cinemaa
| released = {{Film date|2003|2|14|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Julie Ganapathi''''' is a 2003 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[psychological thriller]] film written, photographed, edited and directed by [[Balu Mahendra]], starring [[Saritha]], [[Jayaram]] and [[Ramya Krishnan]]. Based on the 1987 [[Stephen King]] novel ''[[Misery (novel)|Misery]]'', it follows a famed writer who is held captive by an obsessive fan. The film was released on 14 February 2003.{{Cn|date=May 2025}}

== Plot ==
Julie Ganapathi is a staunch fan of a popular television show ''Manga''. Over the years, Julie grows to identify herself obsessively with the main character of the show. The author of the series, Tenkasi Balakumaran, leaves his home for a few days to be alone to write the final few episodes of ''Manga''. On his way back home after completing his work, his vehicle gets into an accident which leaves him seriously injured and disabled. Julie rescues Bala and takes him home, but she is revealed to be emotionally unstable, and deliriously obsessed with the character in Bala's story. Julie asks Bala to allow her to read the scripts for the concluding episodes that he has just completed.

Over the next few days, she reads the story and finds the ending not to her liking. She forces Bala to rewrite the ending by various means, forcing him to escape his captor's clutches before it is too late. Soon after, Bala becomes aware of how Julie has not informed anyone of his situation and is not at all planning to release him anytime soon. As a result, he tries to escape her home. In this, he is caught and suspended to remain in his room. She also disables him from getting up.

Afterwards, a policeman investigating Bala's disappearance decides to go to the house of Julie since she has made her love for ''Manga'' known around the village. When investigating her home, he discovers that Bala was in fact being kept there. Julie then draws a weapon and kills him. She then informs Bala that they will then die together. Just to get him some time he uses the excuse of having to finish his new version of the final ''Manga'' script. With that, he finishes, tricks Julie into getting him a weapon, and with a fight, manages to kill Julie and escape. The film forwards to Bala with his family, discussing with the press his experiences, stating that she was in fact an inspiration to him.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Saritha]] as Julie Ganapathi
* [[Jayaram]] as Tenkasi Balakumaran
* [[Ramya Krishnan]] as Vijaya
* [[Mohan Raman]] as Channel's Head
* [[Sashikumar Subramani|Sashikumar]] as Sashi
* [[Dhivyadharshini]] as Writer
* [[Aadukalam Naren|Naren]] as Naren, Julie's husband
* [[Junior Balaiah]] as Julie's house Watchman
* [[Delhi Ganesh]] as [[Inspector]] Ganesh
* [[Shanmugasundari]] as Neighborhood for Jayaram, Serial lover
* [[Vatsala Rajagopal]] as Vijaya's mother / Grandmother
* [[Amarasigamani]] as a police Inspector
}}

== Production ==
[[Balu Mahendra]] had read the Tamil translation of [[Stephen King]]'s novel, ''[[Misery (novel)|Misery]]'', and adapted it into a screenplay. Post-release, he stated that he had not watched the [[Misery (film)|1990 American film version of the novel]], and was unaware that such a film had been made.<ref name="rediff" /> His comments have drawn sceptism from critics who note that the 2003 film had reused multiple scenes from the 1990 film that were not present in the novel.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Eisenberg |first=Eric |date=2022-02-23 |title=Adapting Stephen King's Misery: 2003’s Julie Ganapathi Is A Musical Remake You Probably Didn’t Know Existed |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/movies/adapting-stephen-kings-misery-2003s-julie-ganapathi-is-a-musical-remake-you-probably-didnt-know-existed |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250118080623/https://www.cinemablend.com/movies/adapting-stephen-kings-misery-2003s-julie-ganapathi-is-a-musical-remake-you-probably-didnt-know-existed |archive-date=18 Jan 2025 |access-date=2025-11-08 |website=[[CinemaBlend]] |language=en}}</ref> Mahendra drew comparisons between the similar theme of the film, with his previous ventures ''[[Moodu Pani]]'' (1980) and ''[[Moondram Pirai]]'' (1982). Mahendra chose [[Jayaram]] to play the lead role, after having watched and been impressed with several of the actor's performances in films, as a part of jury committees for awards. The actor's [[Malayali]] background meant that he adapted the script to make the protagonist a Malayali-born settler in [[Tamil Nadu]]. Jayaram recommended [[Saritha]]'s name for the film, and the actress made a comeback to cinema after an extended sabbatical. For her role, Mahendra had requested Saritha to put on ten kilograms, and after an initial period of hesitance, the actress later agreed. A major portion of the film was shot in a single room with just two actors, Jayaram and Saritha, with Mahendra opting to use only natural light.<ref name="rediff" /> Since the light that entered the room was diffused, Mahendra was able to film many sequences set during the day at night.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Allirajan |first=M. |date=24 March 2003 |title=A director's take on cinema |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/a-directors-take-on-cinema/article28403357.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102053023/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/a-directors-take-on-cinema/article28403357.ece |archive-date=2 January 2022 |access-date=3 January 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The producers of the film insisted that a song was added for the commercial viability of the film and against his own wishes, Balu Mahendra shot and included a sensuous song featuring [[Ramya Krishnan]].<ref name="rediff">{{Cite web |last=Warrier |first=Shobha |author-link=Shobha Warrier |date=4 March 2003 |title='Julie Ganapathy was a big risk' |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/mar/04balu.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213104702/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/mar/04balu.htm |archive-date=13 December 2014 |access-date=29 October 2015 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2003 |title=Julie Ganapathi |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/julie-ganapathi/xRnpCoPEiCE_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426104316/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/julie-ganapathi/xRnpCoPEiCE_ |archive-date=26 April 2022 |access-date=26 April 2022 |website=[[JioSaavn]]}}</ref> Vignesh Ram of ''Nilacharal'' wrote, "Overall this is a vintage Ilaiyaraja album which is surely a treasure for Raja's fans".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ram |first=Vignesh |title=Julie Ganapathy – Music Review |url=http://www.nilacharal.com/enter/review/julieganapathi_audio.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304115316/http://www.nilacharal.com/enter/review/julieganapathi_audio.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=29 October 2015 |website=Nilacharal}}</ref> Sajahan Waheed of ''[[New Straits Times]]'' called it "another memorable effort from veteran composer Illayaraja".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Waheed |first=Sajahan |date=10 April 2003 |title=Illayaraja weaves his magic again |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=9j4hAAAAIBAJ&sjid=U3sFAAAAIBAJ&pg=5250%2C6009012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524151332/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=9j4hAAAAIBAJ&sjid=U3sFAAAAIBAJ&pg=5250%2C6009012 |archive-date=24 May 2024 |access-date=24 May 2024 |work=[[New Straits Times]] |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| headline = Track listing
| title1 = Minmini Paarvaigal
| extra1 = [[K. J. Yesudas]]
| lyrics1 = Ra. Karunanidhi
| length1 = 5:04
| title2 = Enakku Piditha Paadal
| note2 = female
| extra2 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| lyrics2 = [[Na. Muthukumar]]
| length2 = 4:31
| title3 = Kaakka Kaakka
| extra3 = Anitha
| lyrics3 = [[Palani Bharathi]]
| length3 = 6:28
| title4 = Enakku Piditha Paadal
| note4 = male
| extra4 = [[Vijay Yesudas]]
| lyrics4 = Na. Muthukumar
| length4 = 4:30
| title5 = Idhayamae Idhayamae
| extra5 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| lyrics5 = [[Mu. Metha]]
| length5 = 4:30
| title6 = Thanni Konjam Yeri Irukku
| extra6 = Kalpana Raghavendar
| lyrics6 = [[Muthulingam (poet)|Muthulingam]]
| length6 = 4:38
| total_length = 29:41 
}}

== Reception ==

A reviewer from ''[[Sify]]'' wrote, "the film is dark, deadly, daring and is the best thriller to come along in years", adding that it is "recommended and a must-see for those who love thrillers".<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 February 2003 |title=Julie Ganapathy |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/julie-ganapathy-review-tamil-pcluzodhgaggb.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424112217/http://www.sify.com/movies/julie-ganapathy-review-tamil-pcluzodhgaggb.html |archive-date=24 April 2017 |access-date=29 October 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> [[Shobha Warrier]] of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' also gave the film a positive review, noting "Balu Mahendra proves even after five years he has not lost his touch" and that "is a film worth watching".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Warrier |first=Shobha |author-link=Shobha Warrier |date=26 February 2003 |title=A destructive obsession |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/feb/26julie.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304141725/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/feb/26julie.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=29 October 2015 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Malini Mannath wrote in ''Chennai Online'', "The theme is widely different from the routine romance-action variety. There are just two characters in the frame for most of the time, and it’s up to the duo and the director to carry the film through, and keep the audience hooked to the screen. Which they’ve managed to do to a large extent".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=20 February 2003 |title=Julee Ganapathy |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/Moviereviews/tammov249.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040803194001/http://www.chennaionline.com/Moviereviews/tammov249.asp |archive-date=3 August 2004 |access-date=26 April 2022 |website=Chennai Online}}</ref> Likewise, Malathi Rangarajan of ''[[The Hindu]]'' also gave the film a positive review, praising the performances of Saritha and Jayaram, and adding that Balu Mahendra's work is a "fulfilling fare" and "that the veteran lives up to it in inimitable style".<ref name="HinduReview">{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=21 February 2003 |title=Julie Ganapathy |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/02/21/stories/2003022101120200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030405065223/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/02/21/stories/2003022101120200.htm |archive-date=5 April 2003 |access-date=16 December 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Visual Dasan of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' lauded the film, but was critical of the inclusion of the dance number featuring Ramya Krishnan.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=தாசன் |first=விஷுவல் |date=2 March 2003 |title=ஜூலி கணபதி |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki2003-03-02/page/40/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230122052853/https://archive.org/details/kalki2003-03-02/page/40/mode/2up |archive-date=22 January 2023 |access-date=22 January 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=40–41 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> Although the film had a slow start at the box-office, it picked up, owing to positive reviews and word-of-mouth.<ref name="rediff" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{Balu Mahendra}}
{{Media based on Stephen King works}}

[[Category:2003 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2003 films]]
[[Category:2003 Indian films]]
[[Category:2003 psychological thriller films]]
[[Category:Films about fandom]]
[[Category:Films about kidnapping in India]]
[[Category:Films about writers]]
[[Category:Films based on American horror novels]]
[[Category:Films based on works by Stephen King]]
[[Category:Films directed by Balu Mahendra]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Films shot in Ooty]]
[[Category:Indian psychological thriller films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language psychological thriller films]]

Kolagalam

2026-03-03T03:28:20Z

Shamimulislam: Starting new stub

{{Short description|2013 Indian film by P. G. Surendran}}
{{No plot|date=December 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Kolagalam.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = P. G. Surendran
| writer = P. G. Surendran
| producer = P. G. Surendran
| starring = Amal [[Saranya Mohan]]
| cinematography = K. S. Selvaraj
| editing = [[Suresh Urs]]
| music = [[Bharani (composer)|Bharani]]
| studio = PGS Film International
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2013|12|13}}
| runtime = 139 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Kolagalam''''' ({{Translation|Chaos}}) is a 2013 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romance film|romantic]] [[comedy drama]] film directed by P. G. Surendran, starring Amal and [[Saranya Mohan]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 2013 |title=Etcetera: Comedy with a message |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/etcetera-comedy-with-a-message/article4840555.ece |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131001335/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/etcetera-comedy-with-a-message/article4840555.ece |archive-date=31 January 2024 |access-date=31 January 2024 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The film was released on 13 December 2013.{{citation needed|date=June 2024}}

== Cast ==
''As per the film's opening credits''
{{Cast listing|
*Amal as Amal
*[[Saranya Mohan]] as Ramya
*[[Ganja Karuppu]]
*[[Pandiarajan]] as Venkatesh
*[[Manobala]] as Roadside stall owner
*[[Devadarshini]] as Ramya's sister-in-law
*[[Meera Krishnan]] as Ramya's mother
*Lakshmi as Krishu
*[[Vietnam Veedu Sundaram]] as Ramya's grandfather
*V. K. R. Rahu
*[[Kabali Vishwanth|Vishwanth]] as Pathmanabhan
*[[Nellai Siva]]
*[[Thalapathy Dinesh]] as Traffic Police Inspector (special appearance)
}}

== Soundtrack ==
The music is composed by [[Bharani (composer)|Bharani]].<ref name="H">{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=S. R. Ashok |date=26 August 2013 |title=Audio Beat: Kolagalam – Happy tunes |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/audio-beat-kolagalam-happy-tunes/article5275633.ece |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028235225/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/audio-beat-kolagalam-happy-tunes/article5275633.ece |archive-date=28 October 2013 |access-date=31 January 2024 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Song
! Lyrics
! Singer(s)
|-
|"Minda Disturb" || Bharani || [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
|"Kannula Unna" || rowspan="3"|[[Viveka]] || [[Sriram Parthasarathy]], Sumithra
|-
| "Sema Sema" || [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
|"Yelaea Yelae" || [[Anuradha Sriram]], [[Mukesh Mohamed|Mukesh]]
|}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote that "The director probably wanted to highlight women-power, but that hardly registers. ''Kolakalam'' hardly has anything to entice a viewer".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=14 December 2013 |title=Kolakalam is a Stale, Dated Fare |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2013/Dec/14/kolakalam-is-a-stale-dated-fare-551053.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130142309/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2013/dec/14/kolakalam-is-a-stale-dated-fare-551053.html |archive-date=30 November 2024 |access-date=31 January 2024 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Dinakaran]]'' praised the comedy scenes and felt that the music and cinematography were average.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 December 2013 |title=கோலாகலம் |url=https://cinema.dinakaran.com/cine-news-details.aspx?id=11990&id1=13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922093628/https://cinema.dinakaran.com/cine-news-details.aspx?id=11990&id1=13 |archive-date=22 September 2022 |access-date=31 January 2024 |website=[[Dinakaran]] |language=ta}}</ref> In a more positive review, a critic from ''[[Dinamalar]]'' wrote that "All in all, if the first half had been a blast, ''Kolakalam'' would have been a blast!!"<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2013 |title=கோலாகலம் |url=https://m.dinamalar.com/vimar-detail.php?id=1231 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131005356/https://m.dinamalar.com/vimar-detail.php?id=1231 |archive-date=31 January 2024 |access-date=31 January 2024 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2013 Indian films]]
[[Category:2013 romantic comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2013 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Bharani (composer)]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Tumcha Aamcha Jamala

2026-03-02T01:38:29Z

Shamimulislam: creating a details

{{Short description|Marathi movie}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Tumcha Aamcha Jamala
| image = Tumcha Aamcha Jamala.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Dada Kondke]]
| screenplay = Datta Keshav Rajesh Majumdar
| producer = [[Dada Kondke]]
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Dada Kondke]]
*[[Anjana Mumtaz]]
*[[Ashok Saraf]]
}}
| cinematography = Arvind Lad
| editing = [[N. S. Vaidya]]
| music = [[Raamlaxman]]
| studio = Sadicha Chitra
| released = {{Film date|1976|04|29|df=y}}
| runtime = 106 minutes
| country = India
| language = Marathi
}}

'''''Tumcha Aamcha Jamala''''' ({{translation|You and I got along}}) is a 1976 Indian [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] film directed by [[Dada Kondke]] and written by Datta Keshav and Rajesh Majumdar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=तुमचं आमचं जमलं |url=https://www.marathifilmdata.com/chitrapat/tumach-aamch-jamal/ |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=मराठी चित्रपट सूची |language=en-US}}</ref> The film was produced and is starred by [[Dada Kondke]] with [[Anjana Mumtaz]] and [[Ashok Saraf]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=डेस्क |first=एबीपी माझा एंटरटेनमेंट |title=दादा कोंडकेंचे ब्लॉकबस्टर सिनेमे पुन्हा एकदा घरबसल्या पाहा! |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/television/dada-kondke-marathi-actor-movie-release-vajau-ka-tumcha-aamcha-jamla-muka-ghya-muka-movies-television-entertainment-latest-update-1215280/amp |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=ABP Marathi |language=mr}}</ref>

The cinematography was handled by Arvind Lad and editing was provided by [[N. S. Vaidya]]. In addition, the soundtrack was popular and composed by [[Raamlaxman]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhirvandekar |first=Harshada |title=Dada Kondke: ४५ वर्षांनंतरही गाजतंय दादा कोंडके यांच्या चित्रपटातील लावणी अन् भजन! तुम्ही पाहिलात का 'हा' चित्रपट? |url=https://marathi.hindustantimes.com/amp/entertainment/dada-kondke-marathi-movie-tumcha-aamcha-jamla-on-television-when-and-were-to-watch-know-here-141698384459088.html |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=Hindustan Times Marathi |language=mr}}</ref> The film was a blockbuster at the box office.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-02-20 |title=Dada Kondke in the Guiness Book of World Records |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/did-you-know/dada-kondke-in-the-guiness-book-of-world-records/articleshow/14404624.cms |access-date=2024-09-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=September 2024}}

==Plot==
Aaba Chougule lives with his two sons—Nagojirao, the elder one, who has fallen into bad habits and Krushna, who is known for helping others. Aaba is tired of Nagya’s constant misbehavior and wants to ensure he stays away from his property. One day, Aaba’s old friend visits the village along with his daughter Radha. Radha falls in love with Krushna, and they decide to marry. However, before their marriage can take place, Nagya hatches a plan. He forces Aaba to sign over the property to him and in a fit of rage, kills Aaba.

Now owning everything, Nagya leaves Krushna with nothing. However, the villagers sympathize with Krushna and offer their support. Despite this, Krushna decides to leave the village and start a new life in another place, which happens to be Radha's uncle's village. There, Krishna and Radha reunite.

Meanwhile, Nagya falls into heavy debt and is eventually thrown out of his property by the villagers. Homeless, he comes across Krushna, who, despite everything, offers him a place to stay. However, Nagya betrays Krishna’s kindness by stealing from Radha’s uncle’s house. Krishna is wrongly accused of the crime and things take a dramatic turn as he tries to prove his innocence.

== Cast ==
* [[Dada Kondke]] as Krushna Chougule
* [[Anjana Mumtaz]] as Radha
* [[Ashok Saraf]] as Nagojirao Chougule
* Shanta Tambe as Nagoji's wife
* Rajani Chavan as Yamu
* [[Asha Patil]] as Savitri Mami
* Prakash Phadtare as Jaywantrao
* Bhalchandra Kulkarni as Mama
* Vikas Rakte as Pahelwan
* [[Vasant Shinde (actor)|Vasant Shinde]] as Aaba Chougule

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Tumcha Aamcha Jamala
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Raamlaxman]]
| released = 1976
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|m=26|s=50}}
| language = Marathi
| label = [[Saregama|Saregama India Limited]]
| misc = {{external music video| header = Official audio
|{{YouTube|ey3tkUWpVtQ|Tumcha Aamcha Jamala- Full Album}}
}}
}}
The music album was composed by [[Raamlaxman]] and songs were sung by [[Mahendra Kapoor]], [[Asha Bhosle]] and [[Usha Mangeshkar]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tumcha Aamcha Jamla - 31 December 1976 Download {{!}} Tumcha Aamcha Jamla - 31 December 1976 Movie Songs Download |url=https://www.saregama.com/amp/album/tumcha-aamcha-jamla_11230 |access-date= |website=www.saregama.com}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!No.
!Title
!Lyricist
!Singer(s)
!length
|-
|1
|"Majha Majha Mhaneet Hoto"
| rowspan="6" |[[Dada Kondke]]
|[[Mahendra Kapoor]], [[Asha Bhosle]]
|3:15
|-
|2
|"Chandanachya Patavar"
|[[Usha Mangeshkar]], [[Mahendra Kapoor]]
|3:22
|-
|3
|"Alya Alya Jau Naka"
|Usha Mangeshkar
|3:12
|-
|4
|"Zalya Tinhisanja"
|Usha Mangeshkar
|6:30
|-
|5
|"Anjanichya Suta"
|Mahendra Kapoor
|6:51
|-
|6
|"Thamb Ga Pori"
|Mahendra Kapoor, Usha Mangeshkar
|3:17
|}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=0232863}}

[[Category:1976 Indian films]]
[[Category:1976 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:1970s Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:Marathi-language drama films]]
[[Category:Indian sex comedy films]]

Rajeev Govindan

2026-03-01T14:23:08Z

Shamimulislam: made new details w/ refs

{{Short description|Indian writer, lyricist and film producer}}
{{Indian patronymic|Rajeev|Govindan}}
{{BLP sources|date=March 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rajeev Govindan
| image = Rajeev Nair.jpeg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1972|10|02}}
| birth_place = [[Angadipuram]], [[Malappuram district|Malappuram]], [[Kerala]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Lyricist]]|[[Film producer]]|[[Entrepreneur]]}}
| website =
| othername = Rajeev Nair
| years_active = 2003{{endash}}present
| spouse =
}}

'''Rajeev Govindan''' (born 2 October 1972), formerly known as '''Rajeev Nair''', is an Indian writer, lyricist and producer known for his works in the [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam film industry]]. He is a civil engineer by profession.

His noted works include ''[[Ordinary (film)|Ordinary]]'' and ''[[Trivandrum Lodge]]''. His first production venture under the banner of Magic Moon Productions was Malayalam film ''Ordinary'' directed by [[Sugeeth]]. His next production was the [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]] starring film ''[[Anarkali (2015 film)|Anarkali]]'' which was directed by [[Sachy (writer)|Sachy]].<ref name="cExpress">{{cite news |last1=Shrijith |first1=Sajin |title=Rajeev Govindan launches new production company |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2020/aug/21/rajeev-govindan-launches-new-production-company-19894.html |publisher=cinemaexpress}}</ref> He is also a member of the Indian Screenwriters Association (ISA).

==Early career==
A civil engineer by profession, he established an entrepreneurial venture, Hydrotech Systems Pvt. Ltd. in August 2009. The company specializes in ocean engineering and offshore engineering with an emphasis on underwater operations{{citation needed|date=February 2020}}.

He began as a lyricist with devotional songs from 2003.{{citation needed|date=February 2020}} His early works include singer [[Biju Narayanan]]’s Lord Ayyapa devotional songs "Makara Nilavu" which was released by [[Saregama|His Master's Voice]]. Another work was the devotional album ''Krishna Priyan''.
He worked with music director [[Reghu Kumar|P. K. Reghu Kumar]] on ''Varumo Vasantham'' (2008) brought out by Sathyam Audios. His teamwork with Iype Mathew, Bibin Mathew Abraham & director Sugeeth for the Musical Video Album ''Keralam'' provided his entry into film production{{citation needed|date=February 2020}}. He also wrote lyrics for the album ''Hare'' (2014), composed by [[Sreevalsan J Menon]]{{citation needed|date=February 2020}}.

==Film career==

===Lyricist===
His career as a lyricist in the Malayalam Film Industry began with the film [[Race (2011 film)|''Race'' (2011)]]{{citation needed|date=February 2020}}. Though he had written for the [[Jayasurya]] starrer [[Vaadhyar|''Vaadhyar'' (2012)]], his debut production venture [[Ordinary (film)|''Ordinary'' (2012)]] was released first. His work for the film remains the most noticed in his career.
His other work includes [[Trivandrum Lodge|''Trivandrum Lodge'' (2012)]], "Erunottam Ithenthinu Veruthe" from the movie [[Chettayees|''Chettayees'' (2012)]], [[3 Dots|''3 Dots'' (2013)]] and the songs from the surprise hit [[Vellimoonga|''Vellimoonga'' (2014)]]. He also wrote the lyrics for [[Peruchazhi|''Peruchazhi'' (2014)]], ''Picket 43'' (2015), ''100 days of Love, Haram'' (2015) and ''Careful'' (2017). His upcoming projects for 2018 are ''Kaaliyan''<ref name="cExpress" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/upcoming-historical-drama-of-prithviraj-motion-poster-released-malayalam-news-207868|title=Upcoming historical drama of Prithviraj, motion poster released|date=27 February 2018|work=IndiaGlitz|access-date=14 October 2018}}</ref> and ''Kinavallikal''.

===Producer===
His first production venture under the banner of Magic Moon Productions was the Malayalam film ''Ordinary'' (2012) directed by [[Sugeeth]]. The movie starring an ensemble cast including [[Kunchako Boban]], [[Biju Menon]] and [[Ann Augustine]] was a success and one of the highest grossers of the year.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/-ordinary-completes-10000-shows-malayalam-news-81774|title=Ordinary completes 10,000 shows!|date=4 May 2012|work=Indiaglitz|access-date=29 January 2015}}</ref> The movie witnessed the upcoming of a new tourist destination [[Gavi, Kerala|Gavi]], Pathanamthitta and the introduction of the new comic team of Kunchako Boban and Biju Menon{{citation needed|date=February 2020}}. He produced the romantic movie ''[[Anarkali (2015 film)|Anarkali]]'' starring [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]] which was also the directorial debut of the writer [[Sachy (writer)|Sachy]].

Rajeev Govindan's (previously known as Rajeev Nair) poetry collection ''Thimirakanthi,'' published by [[DC Books|D.C. Books]] was released on 5 November 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/beyond-a-sea-of-poems/article20827183.ece|title=Beyond a sea of Poems|last=Menon|first=Anasuya|date=25 November 2017|work=The Hindu|access-date=14 October 2018}}</ref>

==Awards==

* New Mumbai cultural center award for the best lyricist in various films in 2018{{citation needed|date=February 2020}}.
*Mumbai Tharangini Award, 2018 Best producer and lyricist for [[Anarkali (2015 film)|Anarkali]]{{citation needed|date=February 2020}}.
* Eco Friendly Film Awards, 2013- Ordinary, Producer Rajeev Nair{{citation needed|date=February 2020}}.
* Cinema Scapes, 2012- Ordinary, Award for Best feature film other than Hindi{{citation needed|date=February 2020}}.

==Filmography==
As producer
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year !! Title !! Cast
|-
|
|
|
|-
|2023
|[[Kaaliyan]]
|[[Prithviraj Sukumaran]]
|-
| 2015|| [[Anarkali]]<ref name="cExpress" /> || [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]], [[Biju Menon]], [[Kabir Bedi]]
|-
| 2012|| ''[[Ordinary (film)]]''<ref name="cExpress" />|| [[Kunchacko Boban]], [[Shritha Sivadas]], [[Biju Menon]]

|}

As lyricist

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year !! Title !! Composer
|-
|2026
|[[Toxic (2026 film)]]
|[[Vishal Mishra (composer)]]
[[Tanishk Bagchi]]
|-
|2026
|Swayambhu
|[[Ravi Basrur]]
|-
|2026
|[[Kaaliyan]]
|[[Ravi Basrur]]
|-
|2026
|[[Magic Mushrooms (film)]]
|[[Nadirshah]]
|-
|2024
|[[Kadha Innuvare]]
|Ashwin Aryan
|-
|2024
|[[Anand Sreebala]]
|[[Ranjin Raj]]
|-
|2023
|[[Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefire]]
|[[Ravi Basrur]]
|-
|2023
|[[Kabzaa (2023 film)|Kabzaa]]
|[[Ravi Basrur]]
|-
|2022
|[[Thattassery koottam]]
|[[Raam sarath]]
|-
|2022
|[[Aaraattu]]
|[[Rahul Raj]]
|-
|2018
|[[Praana]]
|Louiz Banks
|-
|2018
|[[Kinavalli]]
|[[Shashwath]]
|-
|2018
|[[Kalyanam (film)|Kalyanam]]
|[[Prakash Alex]]
|-
|2017
|[[Careful (2017 film)|Careful]]
|[[Aravind–Shankar]]
|-
| 2015|| [[Anarkali (2015 film)|Anarkali]] || [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|-
|2015
|[[Loham]] (1 Song)
|[[Sreevalsan J Menon]]
|-
|2015
|[[Madhura Naranga]]
|[[Sreejith-Saachin(Yuvvh)]]
|-
| 2015|| [[Haram]] || [[Thaikkudam Bridge]]
|-
| 2015|| ''[[Picket 43]]'' || [[Ratheesh Vegha]]
|-
| 2014|| ''[[Vellimoonga]]'' || [[Bijibal]]
|-
| 2014|| [[Peruchazhi]]|| Arrorra
|-
| 2014|| [[Polytechnique (film)|Polytechnic]] || [[Gopi Sunder]]
|-
| 2013|| [[3 Dots]] || [[Vidyasagar (Composer)]]
|-
| 2012|| [[Chettayees]] || [[Deepak Dev]]
|-
| 2012|| [[916 (film)|916]] (1 Song) || [[M Jayachandran]]
|-
| 2012|| [[Trivandrum Lodge]] (2 Songs) || [[M Jayachandran]]
|-
| 2012|| [[Vaadhyar]] || R.Gautham, Manoj George
|-
| 2012|| [[Ordinary (film)|Ordinary]] || [[Vidyasagar (Composer)]]
|-
| 2012|| [[Race (2011 film)|Race (film)]] || Viswajith

|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://ordinarythefilm.com}}
* Anarkali Promo Video "Ship Voyage ", https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bi_hGeOCRQM

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Govindan, Rajeev}}
[[Category:Writers from Kerala]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language lyricists]]
[[Category:Malayalam film producers]]
[[Category:People from Malappuram district]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Film producers from Kerala]]
[[Category:1970 births]]

Rahmat Ali Rahmat

2026-02-27T07:38:49Z

Shamimulislam: made new biography and citations!

{{Short description|Indian poet and educator (1891–1936)}}
{{Infobox poet
| honorific_prefix = Moulvi
| name = Rahmat Ali Rahmat
| native_name = رحمت علی رحمت
| birth_date = 1891
| birth_place = Rasulpur, [[Cuttack district]], [[Bengal Presidency]] (present-day [[Odisha]], India)
| death_date = 7 April 1963
| death_place = [[Cuttack]], Odisha, India
| occupation = Teacher, poet, author
| language = Urdu, Odia, English
| nationality = Indian
| notable_works = ''Jawahar al-Qawaid'', ''Ganit Sopan'', ''Beauties of Algebra''
| children = [[Karamat Ali Karamat]] (son)
}}

'''Rahmat Ali Rahmat''' (1891 – 7 April 1963) was an Indian educator, poet, and author associated with Urdu and Odia literature. He was a prominent mathematics teacher in Odisha and also wrote Urdu poetry characterized by elements of mysticism, humour, and social satire.

== Early life and education ==
Rahmat Ali Rahmat was born in 1891 in Rasulpur, [[Cuttack district]], [[Bengal Presidency]] (now in [[Odisha]]).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Newalpuri|first1=Hafizullah|author-link1=Hafizullah Newalpuri|title=Orissa Mein Urdu|trans-title=Urdu In Orissa|publisher=[[National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language]] |location= [[New Delhi]]|date= 2001 |hdl= |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/odisha-mein-urdu-hafeezullah-newalpuri-ebooks#162 |page=160 |language=ur}}</ref>
He received his early education in Urdu, Persian, and mathematics from his elder brother, Irfan Ali Fidai. After completing schooling at [[Ravenshaw Collegiate School]], Cuttack (1908–1912), he passed the [[matriculation]] under [[University of Calcutta]] in 1912, the [[Intermediate of Arts|F.A.]] in 1914, and graduated in 1916. He completed his [[Licentiate (degree)|Licentiate]] in Training (L.T.) in 1918. During his school years, he was a contemporary and friend of [[Subhas Chandra Bose]].<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Naqeeb|editor1-first=Khawar|editor1-link=Khawar Naqeeb|title=Bayāz e Rahmat (A poetry collection of Rahmat Ali Rahmat [1891–1963])|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/bayaz-e-rahmat-rahmat-ali-rahmat-ebooks#13 |edition=1st|year=2014|location =[[Delhi]]|publisher=Educational Publishing House|language=ur|page=12}}</ref>{{Sfn|Newalpuri|2001|p=160}}

== Career ==
After completing his L.T. in 1918, Rahmat began teaching at Muslim Seminary School (now [[Sayeed Seminary]]) in 1919. In 1920, he entered government service and taught in various district schools, including [[Sambalpur]] and [[Puri]]. By 1935, he was appointed Headmaster of the Practising Middle School, Cuttack. Later, he was promoted as Special Inspecting Officer for Mohammedan Education (1943) and served as District Inspector of Schools (D.I.) in [[Balasore]] and [[Ganjam]] Plains until his retirement in May 1950.{{Sfn|Naqeeb|2014|pp=12–13}}{{Sfn|Newalpuri|2001|pp=160–161}}

His notable students include [[Sachidananda Routray]], Hrudananda Ray, Rajkishore Ray, Gobinda Chandra Udgata, [[Nandini Satpathy]], [[Surendranath Dwivedy]], Sheikh Habibullah, and Sheikh Inayatullah.{{Sfn|Naqeeb|2014|p=13}}

== Literary works ==
Rahmat wrote several mathematics textbooks in [[Odia language|Odia]] and English, which remained in the Odisha school curriculum for about four decades (1936–1976). These included ''Ganit Sopan'', ''Probeshika Ganit Sopan'', ''Bijoganit Sopan'', ''Jyamiti Sopan'', ''Man Sankha Mala'', and ''Beauties of Algebra'' (1952).{{Sfn|Naqeeb|2014|p=13}}

He also authored ''Jawahar al-Qawaid'', an Urdu grammar book, and translated [[Deputy Nazir Ahmad]]’s ''Taubat-un-Nasuh'' into Odia, which remains unpublished.<ref name="Aab-e-Khizar">{{cite book |last=Karamat |first=Karamat Ali|author-link=Karamat Ali Karamat|title=Aab-e-Khizr: Shora-e-Odisa ka Intikhab-e-Kalam ma'a Tazkira |trans-title=Elixir of Life: Selected Works and Biographical Notes of Odisha's Poets|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/aab-e-khizr-shora-e-odisa-ka-intikhab-e-kalam-ma-tazkira-ebooks#168 |location=Cuttack |publisher=Odisha Urdu Publishers |date=August 1963 |language=ur |page=167}}</ref>

Rahmat's poetry reflects elements of Sufism, humour, and philosophical critique. Although influenced by [[Akbar Allahabadi]] and [[Deputy Nazir Ahmad]], his works exhibit originality in tone and diction.{{Sfn|Newalpuri|2001|pp=167–171}}

The book ''Cuttack, One Thousand Years'' mentions him among notable 20th-century Urdu writers and poets from Odisha.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Behera |first1=Karuna Sagar |last2=Paṭṭanāẏaka |first2=Jagannātha | last3=Das|first3=H. C. |title=Cuttack, One Thousand Years |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Cuttack_One_Thousand_Years.html?id=JRVuAAAAMAAJ |date=1990|volume=2|publisher=Cuttack City Millennium Celebrations Committee, The Universe |location=[[Cuttack]] |page=14|language=en}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Rahmat married twice. His first wife, Hajra Begum of Dariapur, Sungra, bore him one son and two daughters, of whom only Umm-e-Salam survived childhood. His second wife, Waziran Begum, was the daughter of Muhammad Ismail Khan of Talpatk. They had three sons and five daughters, including [[Karamat Ali Karamat]], who became a noted Urdu poet and writer.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rahman |first1=Azizur|last2=Jāmi|first2=Abdul Matīn|author-link2=Abdul Mateen Jami|title=Urdu Adab Ka Koh e Noor Karāmat Alī Karāmat|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/urdu-adab-ka-koh-e-noor-karamat-ali-karamat-abdul-matin-jami-ebooks|date=2022 |publisher=[[Odisha Urdu Academy]]|location=Bhubaneswar|language=ur|pages=29–30}}</ref>

== Death and legacy ==
Rahmat Ali Rahmat died on 7 April 1963 and was buried near Azan Gah in the precincts of [[Qadam e Rasool, Cuttack|Qadam Rasool]], Cuttack.{{Sfn|Naqeeb|2014|pp=12–13}}{{Sfn|Newalpuri|2001|pp=160–161}}

Rahmat’s contribution to education and Urdu literature in Odisha is recognized in several Urdu literary anthologies. [[Malik Ram]] noted that [[Amjad Najmi]] had benefited from Rahmat’s scholarship.<ref name="malik">{{cite journal|last=Ram|first=Malik|author-link=Malik Ram|title=Deaths: Amjad Najmi, Muhammad Amjad, Shaikh|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/tahreer-delhi-shumara-number-004-malik-ram-magazines-16#59 |journal=Tahreer|volume=8|issue=4|date=October–December 1974|publisher=Daftar-e-Ilmi Majlis|location=Delhi|page=59|language=ur}}</ref> In his autobiographical account, Najmi himself wrote that Rahmat was known as a distinguished teacher of both mathematics and Urdu literature. He mentioned that Rahmat authored an Urdu grammar book titled ''Jawahar al-Qawaid'', written in a conversational style, which became widely popular soon after publication. Najmi described him as simple, modest, and deeply fond of the prose of [[Deputy Nazir Ahmad]], the language of [[Daagh Dehlvi]], and the humour of [[Akbar Allahabadi]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/aaj-kal-aur-ghubar-e-karwan-khud-navisht-sawanih-ebooks#189 |title=Aaj Kal Aur Ghubār-e-Kārawān (A collection of autobiographies published in the monthly magazine Aaj Kal under the title Ghubār-e-Kārawān) |publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Communications, [[Government of India]] |year=2000 |isbn=978-81-230-0829-5 |editor-last=Farooqui |editor-first=Mahbubur Rahman |page=182 |language=ur |editor-last2=Kāẓim |editor-first2=Muḥammad}}</ref>
He is also mentioned in ''Odisha Mein Urdu Shayari'' by Saeed Rahmani for his mastery of mathematics and humour in Urdu poetry.<ref name="Rahmani1">{{cite book |last=Rahmani |first=Saeed |title=Odisha mein Urdu Shayari (Tazkira) |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/odisha-mein-urdu-shairi-saeed-rahmani-ebooks#23 |date=2018 |publisher=[[Odisha Urdu Academy]] |location=Bhubaneswar |language=ur |page=22}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Karamat Ali Karamat]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rahmat Ali, Rahmat}}
[[Category:1891 births]]
[[Category:1963 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian poets]]
[[Category:People from Cuttack]]
[[Category:Indian educators]]
[[Category:Indian writers]]

Vikram (actor)

2026-02-24T06:22:26Z

Shamimulislam:

{{short description|Indian actor (born 1966)}}
{{Good article}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Vikram
| image = Tamil-Actor-Vikram-Looking-Very-Smart-And-Stylish-Photos-20.jpg
| caption = Vikram in 2022
| other_names = Chiyaan Vikram, Kenny
| birth_name = Kennedy John Victor
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1966|04|17}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/surprise-b-day-cake-for-vikram-on-sketch-set-news-tamil-rerkcviaiejij.html |title=Surprise b'day cake for Vikram on 'Sketch' set|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207064350/http://www.sify.com/movies/surprise-b-day-cake-for-vikram-on-sketch-set-news-tamil-rerkcviaiejij.html |archive-date=7 February 2018 |work=Sify.com|date=17 April 2017|access-date=17 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Vasudevan|first= K.V.|date=23 April 2016 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/actor-vikram-turned-50-last-wee/article8513713.ece |title=Actor vikram turned 50 last week|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206190438/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/actor-vikram-turned-50-last-wee/article8513713.ece |archive-date=6 February 2018 |work=The Hindu|access-date=17 September 2018}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Madras]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Actor]]|[[Playback singer]]}}
| years_active = 1988–present
| works = [[Vikram filmography|Full list]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Shailaja Balakrishnan|1992}}
| children = 2; including [[Dhruv Vikram|Dhruv]]
| parents = [[Vinod Raj (Tamil actor)|Vinod Raj]] (father), Rajeshwari (mother)
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Vikram|Full list]]
| honours = [[Kalaimamani]] (2004)
| alma_mater = [[Loyola College, Chennai|Loyola College]], [[Chennai district|Chennai]], [[Pachaiyappa's College]]
}}

'''Kennedy John Victor''' (born 17 April 1966), known professionally as '''Chiyaan Vikram''', is an Indian actor and playback singer who predominantly works in [[Tamil cinema]]. One of the highest paid actors, he is also among the [[List of awards and nominations received by Vikram|most decorated actors in Indian cinema]], with laurels including nine [[Filmfare Awards South]], a [[National Film Awards|National Film Award]], four [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]] and the [[Kalaimamani|Kalaimamani Award]] from the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]. Based on the earnings of Indian celebrities, Vikram was included in the ''[[Forbes India]]'' Celebrity 100 list for 2016 and 2018.<ref>{{cite web|title=Vikram – Forbes India Magazine|url=https://www.forbesindia.com/celebprofile2016/vikram/1587/143|website=Forbes India|language=en|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=3 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603181311/https://www.forbesindia.com/celebprofile2016/vikram/1587/143|url-status=live}}</ref>

Vikram debuted with the romance ''[[En Kadhal Kanmani]]'' (1990) followed by his major breakthrough with his portrayal of a rogue-turned-lover in [[Bala (director)|Bala]]'s tragedy ''[[Sethu (film)|Sethu]]'' (1999) and next appeared in hit films like ''[[Dhill]]'' (2001), ''[[Gemini (2002 Tamil film)|Gemini]]'' (2002), ''[[Dhool]]'' (2003), ''[[Saamy]]'' (2003), ''[[Anniyan]]'' (2005), ''[[Raavanan (2010 film)|Raavanan]]'' (2010), ''[[Deiva Thirumagal]]'' (2011) and ''[[Iru Mugan]]'' (2016). He also earned widespread critical acclaim for diverse roles of [[disadvantaged]] people in ''[[Kasi (film)|Kasi]]'' (2001), ''[[Samurai (2002 film)|Samurai]]'' (2002) and ''[[Pithamagan]]'' (2003); the lattermost won him the [[National Film Award for Best Actor]].<ref name="pithwin">{{cite web|author=Kumar, Ashok |date=20 August 2004 |title=Vikram, the Victor |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2004/08/20/stories/2004082001760100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201091647/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2004/08/20/stories/2004082001760100.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date= 1 February 2015 }}</ref> Vikram's highest-grossing releases came with the romantic thriller ''[[I (2015 film)|I]]'' (2015) and the epic historical dramas ''[[Ponniyin Selvan: I]]'' (2022) and ''[[Ponniyin Selvan: II]]'' (2023).

Vikram has promoted various social causes and appeared as the Youth Envoy for the [[United Nations Human Settlements Programme]] in 2011. He has been a brand ambassador of Sanjeevani Trust and a school for special children, Vidya Sudha, which he stayed at during the making of ''[[Deiva Thirumagal]]'' as well as having long-term associations with the Kasi Eye Care and running his own welfare association through the Vikram Foundation.<ref name="vikramun">{{cite web|date=23 April 2010 |title=Vikram happy at being chosen UN Youth envoy |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |access-date=7 January 2011 |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/155996/vikram-happy-being-chosen-un.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515134019/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/155996/vikram-happy-being-chosen-un.html |archive-date=15 May 2011 }}</ref> In 2016, he produced and directed the video to the flood relief anthem, [[Spirit of Chennai]], as a tribute to the city's volunteers following the [[2015 South Indian floods]].

== Early life and family ==
Vikram was born as Kennedy John Victor on 17 April 1966 to a [[Tamil Christians|Tamil Christian]] father and a Tamil Hindu mother.<ref name="SouthernSpice" /> His father, John Victor (alias [[Vinod Raj (Tamil actor)|Vinod Raj]]) was a native of [[Paramakudi]] who left his home to start a career in films, but worked only in minor roles. Vikram's mother, Rajeshwari, was a government officer who reached the rank of sub-collector. Rajeshwari was born in a Hindu family with film connections. Her brother, [[Thiagarajan]], is an established director-actor in the Tamil film industry; he is the father of actor [[Prashanth]], making him Vikram's first cousin (although the two have never openly acknowledged this relationship).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/did-you-know-/Vikram-and-Prashanth-are-cousins/articleshow/39683316.cms|title=Prasand and Vikram are cousins|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=5 August 2014|access-date=16 August 2014|archive-date=27 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527030816/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/did-you-know-/Vikram-and-Prashanth-are-cousins/articleshow/39683316.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Vikram has two siblings, both younger to him. His brother, Arvind, appeared in the low-budget [[Tamil film]], ''Eppo Kalyanam'' (2022).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/100819/chiyaan-vikrams-brother-arvind-victor-forays-into-films.html#:~:text=Chiyaan%20Vikram%27s%20younger%20brother%20Arvind,will%20play%20the%20female%20leads. | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809225517/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/100819/chiyaan-vikrams-brother-arvind-victor-forays-into-films.html#:~:text=Chiyaan%20Vikram%27s%20younger%20brother%20Arvind,will%20play%20the%20female%20leads. | url-status=dead | archive-date=9 August 2019 | title=Chiyaan Vikram's brother Arvind Victor forays into films | date=10 August 2019 }}</ref><ref name="arvind">{{cite web|date=19 October 2007 |title=Shruti Kamal snubs Venkat Prabhu |website=Behindwoods |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news/oct-07-03/19-10-07-ezhu.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720115031/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news/oct-07-03/19-10-07-ezhu.html |archive-date=20 July 2011 }}</ref> His sister, Anitha, is a teacher.

Vikram's father, Vinod Raj, was a small time actor who did not fare successfully in films and only managed to act in supporting roles in Tamil films and television serials.<ref name=ka /> This inspired Vikram to take theatre lessons and become professionally trained in classical and cinema dance forms to ensure that he became a leading actor.<ref name="SouthernSpice">{{cite web|author=Sreedhar, Sridevi |date=4 June 2006 |title=Southern spice |work=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060604/asp/look/story_6303930.asp |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102154911/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060604/asp/look/story_6303930.asp |archive-date= 2 November 2012 }}</ref><ref name="fatheractor">{{cite web |author=Narasimham, N. L |date=4 March 2005 |title=Still the regular guy |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/03/04/stories/2005030401210200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050321043429/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/03/04/stories/2005030401210200.htm|url-status=dead|work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=21 March 2005}}</ref> Vikram decided to use a screen name because he disliked his original name, Kennedy, and he also felt that such a foreign name was not a fit name for an actor in Tamil films. He took the name Vikram (a Hindu name) which means "man who does great deeds." In one interview, he said that he was also inspired to take the name because it was a mixture of several names dear to him: "Vi" from his father's name (Vinod), "K" from Kennedy, "Ra" from his mother's name (Rajeshwari) and "ram" from his sun sign, [[Aries (astrology)|Aries]].<ref name="caravan">{{cite web|author=Rangan, Baradwaj |date=1 December 2013 |title=Man of Steel |work=The Caravan Magazine |access-date=8 April 2014 |url=http://www.caravanmagazine.in/arts/man-steel |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150918094317/http://www.caravanmagazine.in/arts/man-steel |archive-date=18 September 2015 }}</ref>

Vikram was educated at [[Montfort School, Yercaud]] (a boarding school in a hill station near [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]]) and graduated in 1983.<ref name="ka">{{cite magazine |date=30 April 2000 |title=விருது வாங்கியாச்சு! |url=https://archive.org/download/kalki2000-04-30/kalki2000-04-30.pdf |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |language=ta |pages=8–12 |access-date=22 June 2023}}</ref> He has mentioned that he used his opportunities at school well by taking part in [[karate]], [[horseback riding]] and swimming and noted that such early exposure to activities gave him confidence as a youngster. Vikram lurked in the fringes of the school's theatre club for a long period and often took part in backstage work before being handed the lead role in a school adaptation of [[Molière]]'s ''[[Le Médecin malgré lui|The Doctor in Spite of Himself]]'' after the original lead had contracted chicken pox.<ref name="caravan" /> Despite expressing his interest to join films after school, his father forced him to go through education and Vikram subsequently graduated from [[Loyola College, Chennai]] with a degree in English Literature and worked halfway towards an MBA programme.<ref name="redwin" /><ref name=ka /> Through the prolific dramatics club, Vikram appeared in stage productions including college adaptations of ''[[The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial (play)|The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial]]'' and [[Peter Shaffer]]'s ''[[Black Comedy (play)|Black Comedy]]'', receiving best actor awards for his performances.<ref name="caravan" /> After winning a Best Actor Award at a function held at [[Indian Institute of Technology Madras|IIT Madras]], Vikram was hit by a truck during a ride on his motorbike on the way home and suffered a serious leg injury. He remained hospital-ridden for three years during college and subsequently went through twenty-three surgeries to prevent his leg from being amputated.<ref name="redwin">{{cite web|author=Warrier, Shobha |date=17 August 2004 |title=Vikram's obsession gets its reward |publisher=[[Rediff]] |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/aug/17vikram.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718203136/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/aug/17vikram.htm |archive-date=18 July 2011 }}</ref><ref name="mint">{{cite web|author=Sukumaran, Shradha |date=17 June 2010 |title='My blood group is B+ and that's my motto' |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.livemint.com/2010/06/17200701/8216My-blood-group-is-B-an.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100621065336/http://www.livemint.com/2010/06/17200701/8216My-blood-group-is-B-an.html |archive-date=21 June 2010 }}</ref> Vikram then returned to finish the final year of his degree after his accident and secured permission to finish his dissertation at home, as he was only able to walk on crutches for a short period.<ref name="vikacc">{{cite web|author=Muthiah, Wani |date=28 July 2011 |title=Long, winding path to success for Vikram |work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2011/7/28/nation/9176084&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019105521/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2011%2F7%2F28%2Fnation%2F9176084&sec=nation |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 October 2012 }}</ref>

== Acting career ==
{{Main|Vikram filmography}}

=== 1988–1998: Early struggle ===
Vikram began his professional career by modelling in advert films for brands including Chola Tea, TVS Excel and Alwyn watches as well as appearing in a six episode television serial titled ''Galatta Kudumbam'', which aired between November and December 1988. During the final year of his [[M.B.A]] programme at [[Loyola College, Chennai|Loyola College]], he was recognised by the film industry, with veteran director [[C. V. Sridhar]] approaching him for a lead role in a film.<ref name="hindrel">{{cite web|author=Narasimhan, N. L.|date=4 March 2005|title=Still the regular guy|access-date=31 July 2011|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/03/04/stories/2005030401210200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050321043429/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/03/04/stories/2005030401210200.htm|url-status=dead|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=21 March 2005}}</ref> Vikram made his film debut in 1990 by appearing in ''[[En Kadhal Kanmani]]'', a small-budget love story featuring him alongside Rekha Nambiar, with Sridhar's ''[[Thanthu Vitten Ennai]]'', opposite [[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]] being his next release. He then signed on to be a part of cinematographer [[P. C. Sriram]]'s college love story ''[[Meera (1992 film)|Meera]]'', with high expectations, however, the three films failed to launch his career.<ref name="redset">{{cite web|author=Warrier, Shobha |date=27 March 2000 |title=All that matters is a hit |work=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2000/mar/27vikram.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120429174044/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2000/mar/27vikram.htm |archive-date=29 April 2012 }}</ref> His appearances in ''Meera'' and in ''[[Kaaval Geetham]]'', with another veteran director [[S. P. Muthuraman]], helped him secure film offers from the [[Malayalam]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film industries.<ref name="hindrel" /> In 1993, he almost signed on to appear in [[Mani Ratnam]]'s ''[[Bombay (1995 film)|Bombay]]'' and featured in the initial photo shoot alongside [[Manisha Koirala]]. However, Mani Ratnam wanted Vikram to remove his beard for the role, and Vikram could not do so due to continuity problems with another film ''[[Pudhiya Mannargal]]'' he had signed and hence was dropped from the project.<ref name="vikramkerala">{{cite web|author=Nair, Ranjith|year=2005|title=Vikram Interview|publisher=Deepika|access-date=31 July 2011|url=http://www.bollywhat-forum.com/index.php?topic=6757.0|archive-date=27 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327175518/http://www.bollywhat-forum.com/index.php?topic=6757.0|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="caravan"/>

During his struggling phase, Vikram dubbed for other heroes in films including voices for [[Ajith Kumar]] in ''[[Amaravathi (1993 film)|Amaravathi]]'' and [[Prabhu Deva]] in ''[[Kaadhalan]]'', respectively. Vikram has mentioned that he did not look down on dubbing and saw it as a "dignity of labour".<ref name="mint" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://tmcafe.com/interview/vikram/vikram_interview.htm |title=Tamil Movie Cafe (Tmcafe.com) -Interview with Sethu Fame Vikram |website=tmcafe.com |access-date=5 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010702190926/http://tmcafe.com/interview/vikram/vikram_interview.htm |archive-date=2 July 2001 |url-status=dead}}</ref> During the period, he also attended dancing classes every day, and tried acting out different scenes and different characters with his small group of friends.<ref name="front">{{cite web|date=19 September 2004 |title='I am a director's actor' |publisher=[[The Hindu|Frontline (The Hindu)]] |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2119/stories/20040924003910700.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100507035929/http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2119/stories/20040924003910700.htm |archive-date=7 May 2010 }}</ref>

Between 1993 and 1994, Vikram played supporting roles in a series of films. He appeared in three successful [[Malayalam]] films by appearing with [[Mammootty]], [[Suresh Gopi]] and [[Jayaram]] in [[Joshi (director)|Joshi]]'s successful action film ''[[Dhruvam]]'', before teaming up with Gopi again for [[Shaji Kailas]]'s ''[[Mafia (1993 film)|Mafia]]'', which explored Bangalore's criminal underworld. Furthermore, Joshi cast him again alongside Mammootty in the action drama ''[[Sainyam]]'' in the role of an [[Combined Cadet Force|air cadet]].<ref name="malay">{{cite web|author=Nair, Unni|date=13 August 2010|title=Vikram to act in a Malayalam film|work=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=31 July 2011|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Vikram-to-act-in-a-Malayalam-film/659056/|archive-date=10 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110220600/https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/vikram-to-act-in-a-malayalam-film/|url-status=live}}</ref> During the period, Vikram also appeared in the small budget Telugu film ''[[Chirunavvula Varamistava]]'' in the lead role and as one of [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]]'s sons in the family drama ''[[Bangaru Kutumbam]]'', with both films failing to give him a breakthrough although the latter was a box office success.<ref name="hindrel"/><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J4ZemzjFQ0k|title=Hero Chiyaan Vikram – Open Heart With RK – Full Episode – ABN Telugu |date=28 January 2019 |last=ABN Telugu|time=0:37 |medium=Video}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=MM |date=10 June 1994 |title=Ideal family |pages=6 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19940610&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=19 January 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref> A brief return to Tamil films also proved unsuccessful, with his role in [[Vikraman]]'s multi-starrer ''Pudhiya Mannargal'', with music composed by [[A. R. Rahman]] turning out to be a commercial failure.<ref name="pmflop">{{cite web|title=Actor – Important too. |website=Behindwoods |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-articles/movies-04/ar-rahman-3.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021013016/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-articles/movies-04/ar-rahman-3.html |archive-date=21 October 2012 }}</ref>

Throughout 1995 and 1996, Vikram appeared in further Telugu and Malayalam films to receive income, being kept away from Tamil films due to a lack of offers.<ref name="redset" /> He played the second lead in the Malayalam film ''[[Mayooranritham]]'' directed by [[Vijayakrishnan]] and even played villain in ''[[Street (film)|Street]]'' opposite [[Babu Antony]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/wished-to-stay-in-hotel-where-mammookka-took-accommodation-vikram-1.7895628|title=Vikram cherishes a lodge in TVM and has taken his family there; Find out why|date=22 September 2022|website=English.Mathrubhumi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/babu-antony-shares-his-experience-working-with-vikram-for-ponniyin-selvan/articleshow/85685137.cms|title=Babu Antony shares his experience working with Vikram for ‘Ponniyin Selvan’|date=27 August 2021|work= The Times of India}}</ref> He had lead roles in the small budget Telugu films ''[[Aadaalla Majaka]]'' and [[Sriraj Ginne]]'s ''[[Akka! Bagunnava?]]''.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://telugu.news18.com/photogallery/movies/chiyaan-vikram-manager-statement-on-actors-health-here-are-the-details-ta-1362212.html | title=Chiyaan Vikram : చియాన్ విక్రమ్ ఆరోగ్య పరిస్థితిపై ఆయన మేనేజర్ కీలక ప్రకటన|work=[[News18]]|language=te|date=8 July 2022|access-date=20 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/int1/trivikram.html|title=Trivikram interview — Telugu film director|publisher=[[Idlebrain.com]]|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|date=7 August 2012|access-date=20 March 2025}}</ref> He collaborated again with Mammootty in ''[[Indraprastham (film)|Indraprastham]]'' and Suresh Gopi in ''[[Rajaputhran]]'', before appearing in his first lead role in Malayalam with ''[[Itha Oru Snehagatha]]'' opposite [[Laila Mehdin|Laila]].<ref name="malay" /> Vikram signed [[Amitabh Bachchan]]'s first [[Tamil language]] film production, ''[[Ullaasam]]'', which also featured [[Ajith Kumar]] and [[Maheswari]]. The big budget film created anticipation prior to release, but was average run at the box office.<ref name="ulla">{{cite web|author=Warrier, Shobha |date=6 July 1999 |title='Thanks to my relationship, I've stopped trusting people' |work=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/1999/jul/06ajit.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510080114/http://www.rediff.com/movies/1999/jul/06ajit.htm |archive-date=10 May 2011 }}</ref> However, Vikram acknowledged the film for expanding his female fan base as a result of the soft-personality of his character.<ref name="redset" /> In 1998, he followed it up with appearance in the unnoticed romantic film ''[[Kangalin Vaarthaigal]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramanujam |first=D. S. |date=20 March 1998 |title=Film Reviews: turblence/Rainmaker/Deadly Sins/Barasaat Ki Raat/Kangalin Vaarthaigal/Kalar Kanavugal |pages=26 |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.webpage.com/hindu/daily/980320/09/09200223.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991116185721/http://www.webpage.com/hindu/daily/980320/09/09200223.htm |archive-date=16 November 1999}}</ref>

=== 1999–2003: Breakthrough and critical acclaim ===


He has playing a short role in [[R. Parthiban|Parthiban]]'s critically acclaimed film ''[[House Full (1999 film)|House Full]]'' (1999), respectively.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vijiyan |first=K.N. |date=20 February 1999 |title=Not your typical masala-type fare |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=IvxOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=xhQEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5301%2C5627344 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240916104047/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=IvxOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=xhQEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5301%2C5627344 |archive-date=16 September 2024 |access-date=19 November 2022 |work=[[New Straits Times]] |pages=36 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}</ref> In 1999, he played the eponymous lead in debutant director [[Bala (director)|Bala]]'s romantic drama ''[[Sethu (film)|Sethu]]''. To prepare for the character, which was also referred to as Chiyaan, Vikram shaved his head, lost 21 kilograms and grew his nails long for the role.<ref name="redwin" /><ref name="front" /> After beginning production in April 1997, the film went through [[development hell]] after industry strikes and lack of funds hampered progress. During this phase, he did not accept other acting offers to maintain the continuity of his looks. The film then struggled to find a distributor, who shunned it due to the tragic climax and the film remained unreleased.<ref name=ka /><ref>{{cite news|title=Making films for the real world |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/lf/2003/01/02/stories/2003010206620200.htm |access-date=7 November 2011 |date=2 January 2003 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607041653/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/lf/2003/01/02/stories/2003010206620200.htm |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date= 7 June 2013 }}</ref> Vikram described the period of production as "the worst phase of his career" as he was financially strapped and "his fire was in danger of dying down".<ref name="front" /> He turned down an opportunity from a friend to take up a job in technology and attempted to stay in the industry by directing a serial titled ''Mounam Pesiyadhey'', with [[Ameer (director)|Ameer]] as his assistant director.<ref name="caravan" /> ''Sethu'' finally released in December 1999 and initially began running at a single noon show at a suburban theater, but gradually gained an audience through word-of-mouth publicity. Eventually, it ran for over 100 days at several cinema halls across [[Chennai]]. Vikram was constantly being mobbed by people on the streets as a result of the film's success.<ref name="redwin" /><ref name="redset" /> Critics highly praised Vikram's performance with a reviewer referring to Vikram as "a revelation" and that "he is very natural and his acting in last few scenes are just too good and could even be compared with the best we have seen".<ref name="indolinksethu">{{cite web |author=Hariharan, Easwaran |date=December 1999 |title=Sethu |publisher=Indolink.com |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/Sethu_191236.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806185746/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/Sethu_191236.html |archive-date=6 August 2011 }}</ref> Similarly, a critic from the Malaysian daily [[New Straits Times]], described the film as an "unforgettable experience" and described Vikram's performance as "praise-worthy".<ref name="nst">{{cite web|author=Vijayan, K. N.|date=12 February 2000|title=Laughs and tears galore in 'Sethu'|work=[[New Straits Times]]|access-date=31 July 2011|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=9lRIAAAAIBAJ&pg=3969,1961135&dq=vikram+sethu&hl=en|archive-date=10 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110220553/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=9lRIAAAAIBAJ&pg=3969%2C1961135&dq=vikram+sethu&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref> The performance drew accolades with Vikram winning the [[Filmfare Special Award – South]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Nuvvu Nenu wins 4 Filmfare awards |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Nuvvu-Nenu-wins-4-Filmfare-awards/articleshow/6011249.cms |access-date=5 January 2012 |date=6 April 2002 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201075354/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Nuvvu-Nenu-wins-4-Filmfare-awards/articleshow/6011249.cms?referral=PM |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |archive-date= 1 February 2015 }}</ref> and the [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award Special Prize]], in addition to his first nomination for the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil]] for his portrayal of the title character, while reports emerged that he missed out on the [[National Film Award for Best Actor]] by a single vote to [[Mohanlal]].<ref name="missedsethu">{{cite web|author=Rajitha |date=21 July 2000 |title=Ajit backs off Nanda |work=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2000/jul/21spice.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026145436/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2000/jul/21spice.htm |archive-date=26 October 2012 }}</ref> Post-''Sethu'', Vikram has said that the film would always remain close to him regardless of its commercial success and that it put him on the "right path", with Vikram choosing to adapt the prefix of Chiyaan to his screen name.<ref name="front" />

He began to turn down chances to play supporting roles in films and was intent on making a breakthrough as a lead actor and notably turned down the role of Swarnamalya's fiancée in Mani Ratnam's ''[[Alai Payuthey]]''.<ref name="caravan" /> Vikram also rejected approaches from television serial producers, citing that working in television would reduce his chances of becoming a mainstream actor.<ref name="net">{{cite news|author=Balakrishnan, Ravi |date=3 July 2010 |title=What drives Raavan's actor Vikram to do unusual roles |work=[[The Economic Times]] |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/features/business-of-bollywood/what-drives-raavans-actor-vikram-to-do-unusual-roles/articleshow/6121881.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019234236/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/features/business-of-bollywood/what-drives-raavans-actor-vikram-to-do-unusual-roles/articleshow/6121881.cms |archive-date=19 October 2012 }}</ref> He also refused opportunities to take part in film events as a backing dancer, with actor [[Sriman (actor)|Sriman]] revealing that Vikram was "one amongst not many" who was not interested in travelling to Canada to participate in such shows.<ref name="caravan" />

Vikram did not sign up to a film for 65 days after the release of ''Sethu'', to ensure that he made the right career move.<ref name="redwin" /> Vikram spent time completing projects he had agreed to feature in before the release of ''Sethu'' and hence made a couple of appearances in the Malayalam films ''[[Red Indians (film)|Red Indians]]'' and the horror film ''[[Indriyam]]''.<ref name="iondr">{{cite web|year=2000 |title=Indriyam |publisher=Bizhat |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://movies.bizhat.com/review_indriyam.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040813120915/http://movies.bizhat.com/review_indriyam.php |archive-date=13 August 2004 }}</ref> He also played a leading role in ''[[Siragugal]]'', a rare Tamil telefilm produced and featuring [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]], which was shot entirely in the suburbs of London.<ref>{{cite web|title=SIRAGUGAL|url=http://www.radaan.tv/siragugal.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419151726/http://www.radaan.tv/siragugal.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 April 2012|work=Radaan Mediaworks|publisher=Radaan Mediaworks India Limited|access-date=7 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Grand aunt of the small screen |url=http://hindu.com/2001/07/05/stories/09050464.htm |access-date=7 November 2011 |date=5 July 2001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019072746/http://hindu.com/2001/07/05/stories/09050464.htm |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=19 October 2013 }}</ref> Furthermore, he also completed two Telugu films during the period; ''[[9 Nelalu]]'' and ''[[Youth (2005 film)|Youth]]'', the latter of which had a delayed release.<ref name="fatheractor"/> ''9 Nelalu'' featured Vikram as the husband of the character played by [[Soundarya]], who faces the challenges of being a surrogate mother. The film won positive reviews, with a critic mentioning that Vikram gave a "controlled performance"<ref name="ninenel">{{cite web|first=Christopher|last=Domingo|year=2000|title=9 Nelalu Movie Review|publisher=FullHyderabad.com|access-date=31 July 2011|url=http://www.fullhyderabad.com/profile/movies/1904/2/9-nelalu-movie-review|archive-date=10 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110220601/https://movies.fullhyderabad.com/9-nelalu/telugu/9-nelalu-movie-reviews-1904-2.html|url-status=live}}</ref> while Vikram's newfound popularity in Tamil films saw the film dubbed into Tamil soon after as ''Kandaen Seethaiyai'', with an inserted comedy track by comedian [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2000/12/22/stories/09220223.htm |title=Film Review: Kandaen Seethaiyai |last=Ashok Kumar |first=S. R. |date=22 December 2000 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201110641/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2000/12/22/stories/09220223.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> His next release was Rajakumaran's ''[[Vinnukum Mannukum]]'', alongside [[Sarath Kumar]], [[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]] and [[Devayani (actress)|Devayani]], which revolved around an ordinary boy falling in love with an actress. Vikram has since mentioned his displeasure at being a part of the film, claiming that he had arguments with the director for every single shot and that "everything in that film, right from the first shot was wrong"; the film became a failure commercially.<ref name="whyihate">{{cite web|author=Kamath, Sudhish |date=15 February 2008 |title=Why I hate... Vinnukkum Mannukkum |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.hindu.com/cp/2008/02/15/stories/2008021550170400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111201184929/http://www.hindu.com/cp/2008/02/15/stories/2008021550170400.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date= 1 December 2011 }}</ref><ref name="balance">{{cite web|author=Mahesh, Chitra |date=31 May 2002 |title=I want to strike a balance |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/05/31/stories/2002053100170100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607062058/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/05/31/stories/2002053100170100.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date= 7 June 2014 }}</ref>

His next film was ''[[Dhill]]'', where he played an aspiring police officer, Kanagavel, who tackles a corrupt policeman. To appear trim in the role of the aspiring police officer, Vikram went on a strict diet eating only fruits and drinking juice.<ref name="starint">{{cite web|author=Selva, T |date=10 January 2005 |title=Vikram's star rises |work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://ecentral.my/news/story.asp?file=/2005/1/10/movies/9803468&sec=movies |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609122941/http://ecentral.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2005%2F1%2F10%2Fmovies%2F9803468&sec=movies |archive-date= 9 June 2012 }}</ref> The film opened to positive reviews, with a critic from ''[[The Hindu]]'' claiming that "Vikram has the ability and potential" and that "Vikram has once again proved that his success in ''Sethu'' was not a fluke".<ref name="dhillhindu">{{cite web|author=Kumar, Ashok |date=27 July 2001 |title=Film Review: Dhil |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/2001/07/27/stories/09270222.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101128022905/http://hindu.com/thehindu/2001/07/27/stories/09270222.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=28 November 2010 }}</ref> ''Dhill'' subsequently went on to become Vikram's first success in the [[masala (film genre)|masala film genre]] and led the way for more such films in the same genre for him.<ref name="dhillhit">{{cite web|author=Kumar, Ashok |date=9 August 2002 |title=Raising expectations |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/08/09/stories/2002080901030200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211210400/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/08/09/stories/2002080901030200.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=11 February 2012 }}</ref> Vikram's portrayal of a blind folk singer in [[Vinayan]]'s ''[[Kasi (film)|Kasi]]'' won him his first [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil]] and the film also proved to be a commercial success.<ref name="balance" /> For the film, he sunbathed on the terrace of his beachside home in Chennai for a sunburnt look and got dizzying headaches while practising to look blind.<ref name="starint" /> Again, Vikram's performance won positive reviews from critics, with a reviewer describing it as an "extraordinarily detailed performance" and that "as the blind singer, he brings laughter, tears and a lump in one's throat".<ref name="kasisify">{{cite web|date=17 December 2001 |title=Kasi |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/kasi-review-tamil-9080157.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031095013/http://www.sify.com/movies/kasi-review-tamil-9080157.html |archive-date=31 October 2013 }}</ref>

The following year, Vikram went on to play the title role in [[Saran (director)|Saran]]'s ''[[Gemini (2002 Tamil film)|Gemini]]'', produced by [[AVM Productions]], his first big-budget film in the Tamil industry, which featured him in the role of a local rowdy.<ref name="sifyvikramone">{{cite web|year=2002 |title=Vikram |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/tamil/interview.php?id=7584766&cid=2408 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022055817/http://www.sify.com/movies/tamil/interview.php?id=7584766&cid=2408 |archive-date=22 October 2012 }}</ref> The action film received positive reviews, with a critic citing that Vikram "delivers a convincing performance" and consequently became a "box office triumph".<ref name="balance" /><ref name="geminired">{{cite web|author=Pearl |date=26 April 2002 |title=Vikram chews paan, excels |work=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/apr/26gem.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607063050/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/apr/26gem.htm |archive-date= 7 June 2014 }}</ref> Similarly, the film's soundtrack composed by [[Bharadwaj (composer)|Bharadwaj]] had become popular prior to release, with Vikram also singing a version of the hit song "O Podu!" for the album.<ref name="geminimusic">{{cite web|author=Kamath, Sudhish |date=31 March 2002 |title='Gemini' already a hit |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/lf/2002/03/31/stories/2002033100270200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606162017/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/lf/2002/03/31/stories/2002033100270200.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date= 6 June 2014 }}</ref> [[Balaji Sakthivel]]'s ''[[Samurai (2002 film)|Samurai]]'' was his next release, featuring him as a vigilante [[Robin Hood]]-esque figure who kidnapped corrupt politicians. Vikram had signed the film in early 2000 and the film was on hold during production, leading to a two-year delay and the film finally opened to average reviews and box office collections. The critic from ''[[The Hindu]]'' gave praise for Vikram's "admirably well-maintained physique and powerful eyes", whilst another labelled that the film's single major positive was Vikram's convincing portrayal.<ref name="samred">{{cite web|author=Pearl |date=5 August 2002 |title=Sigh! |work=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/aug/05sam.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026145625/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/aug/05sam.htm |archive-date=26 October 2012 }}</ref><ref name="hinsamu">{{cite web|author=Rangarajan, Malathi |date=19 July 2002 |title=Samurai |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/07/19/stories/2002071900910201.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212013813/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/07/19/stories/2002071900910201.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=12 February 2012 }}</ref> His final release of the year was [[Prabhu Solomon]]'s ''[[King (2002 film)|King]]'', a drama film which featured him alongside [[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]] and [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]]. Vikram played Raja, a magician, who is unaware that he has been diagnosed with [[multiple sclerosis]], with his family trying to keep the truth away from him. The film also met with an unfavorable response commercially, but received positive reviews from critics.<ref name="hinking">{{cite web|author=Rangarajan, Malathi |date=13 September 2002 |title=King |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/09/13/stories/2002091300970300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211234625/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/09/13/stories/2002091300970300.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=11 February 2012 }}</ref>

The success of [[Dharani (director)|Dharani]]'s ''Dhill'' resulted in the film's team collaborating to make a film in a similar genre; ''[[Dhool]]'', which also featured [[Jyothika]], [[Reemma Sen]] and [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]].<ref name="dhillhit" /> The film saw Vikram play Aarumugham, a villager, who comes to the city seeking help in regard to a water crisis back home, but subsequently ends up tackling the corrupt politicians who are behind the water scam. In regard to his performance, the [[Rediff.com]] review praised his enactment, citing that "Vikram is at his peak" and that "he seems as much at home with comedy as with action, in romance as in emotional sequences", while the critic from ''The Hindu'' also praised his performance.<ref name="rediffdhool">{{cite web |author=Aarkhay |date=23 January 2003 |title=Vikram turns up trumps with Dhool |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/jan/23dhool.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110203112042/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/jan/23dhool.htm |archive-date=3 February 2011 |access-date=31 July 2011 |work=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref><ref name="dhoolreview">{{cite web |author=Rangarajan, Malathi |date=24 January 2003 |title=Dhool |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/01/24/stories/2003012401130200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211210913/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/01/24/stories/2003012401130200.htm |archive-date=11 February 2012 |access-date=31 July 2011 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The film became a blockbuster and his fifth success in two and a half years, with Vikram being dubbed as "the matinee idol of our times" by a leading Indian newspaper.<ref>{{cite news |date=6 November 2011 |title=track record |newspaper=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/article2602198.ece |url-status=live |access-date=7 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115234452/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/article2602198.ece |archive-date=15 January 2016}}</ref> He also featured in the romantic film ''[[Kadhal Sadugudu]]'', with [[Priyanka Upendra|Priyanka Trivedi]] which was a critical and commercial failure, with reviewers claiming that "there are times you wish Vikram were a little more brisk and dynamic" in regard to his performance.<ref name="ksgreview">{{cite web |author=Rangarajan, Malathi |date=18 April 2003 |title=Kadhal Sadugudu |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/04/18/stories/2003041800950202.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211093956/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/04/18/stories/2003041800950202.htm |archive-date=11 February 2012 |access-date=31 July 2011 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> After release, Vikram was critical of the film's failure, confessing that the story "underwent a lot of changes after the initial narration", lamenting that he was "taken for a royal ride" by the producers.<ref name="sifyvikramtwo">{{cite web |year=2003 |title=I Am Happy To Be A Saleable Hero: Vikram |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/tamil/interview.php?id=13150128&cid=2408 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022055846/http://www.sify.com/movies/tamil/interview.php?id=13150128&cid=2408 |archive-date=22 October 2012 |access-date=31 July 2011 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

Vikram was then signed on by [[K. Balachander]] to appear in his banner's biggest production at the time, the masala film ''[[Saamy]]'', directed by [[Hari (director)|Hari]].<ref name="kbsaamy">{{cite web |author=Warrier, Shobha |date=13 March 2003 |title='Sami is Vikram's film' |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/mar/13sami.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120109102551/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/mar/13sami.htm |archive-date=9 January 2012 |access-date=31 July 2011 |work=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Vikram played Aarusaamy, an honest cop working in [[Tirunelveli]], who solves the region's communal problems with his down-to-earth approach. Vikram worked on his body for the film, sporting a thick waist to show notable differences from his other police film, ''Dhill'' and also put on eight kilograms.<ref name="front" /> The film took a large opening, grossing over Rs. 70 million in 10 days in Tamil Nadu, while also taking the largest opening of the new millennium in [[Kerala]], with the Telugu remake rights also sold for a record price. Due to the good opening, the film has proved to be profitable just 10 days after its release and consequently went on to become a blockbuster.<ref name="saamybox">{{cite web |author=Pillai, Sreedhar |date=18 April 2003 |title=Numero Uno |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/05/26/stories/2003052600030201.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101111112657/http://hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/05/26/stories/2003052600030201.htm |archive-date=11 November 2010 |access-date=31 July 2011 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Vikram's performance was acclaimed by critics, with a critic from [[Sify]] claiming that Vikram had "succumbed to the superstar image trap", but is the "mainstay of the picture".<ref name="sifysaamy">{{cite web |year=2003 |title=Review:Saamy |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/saamy-review-tamil-13049384.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007035217/http://www.sify.com/movies/saamy-review-tamil-13049384.html |archive-date=7 October 2014 |access-date=31 July 2011 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

[[File:The President Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam presenting the Best Film Actor Award for the year 2003 to Shri Vikram for his role in “ Pithamagan” at the 51st National Film Award function in New Delhi on February 2, 2005..jpg|thumb|Vikram receiving the [[National Film Awards|National Film Award]] from [[A.P.J. Abdul Kalam]] for his performance in ''[[Pithamagan]]'' in 2005]]
Later that year, he starred in [[Bala (director)|Bala]]'s crime drama ''[[Pithamagan]]'', alongside [[Suriya]], [[Sangeetha Krish|Sangeetha]] and [[Laila Mehdin|Laila]], playing the role of Chitthan, a gravedigger with autism spectrum disorders. He did not have any dialogue in the film and the actor's acting muscles were stretched as he had to use body language and facial expressions to convey his feelings and thoughts, with Vikram also applying the make-up for the character himself.<ref name="front" /><ref name="starint" /> The film received highly positive reviews upon release, with a critic from ''[[The Hindu]]'' calling it a "symphony on celluloid", while noting that it will be a "milestone in Vikram's career" and "he carves a niche for himself in the viewer's mind with his expressions and excellent body language".<ref name="pithth">{{cite web|author=Rangarajan, Malathi |date=31 October 2003 |title=Pithamagan |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/10/31/stories/2003103101210200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211124803/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/10/31/stories/2003103101210200.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=11 February 2012 }}</ref> His performance earned him the [[National Film Award for Best Actor]], with the latter accolade making him only the third Tamil actor to win the award; he also received two nominations for the Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil for ''Saamy'' and ''Pithamagan'', winning for the latter, his second win in the category.<ref name="pithwin" /><ref name="redwin" />

=== 2004–2009: Established actor ===

His next release was the revenge drama ''[[Arul (film)|Arul]]'', directed by [[Hari (director)|Hari]]. The film received mixed to positive reviews<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/fr/2004/05/07/stories/2004050701940300.htm | title=Arul | date=7 May 2004 | first=Malathi | last=Rangarajan | newspaper=[[The Hindu]] | access-date=21 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226060137/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2004/05/07/stories/2004050701940300.htm|archive-date=26 February 2008}}</ref> and moderate box office collections.<ref name="arul">{{cite web|date=17 August 2004 |title=Vikram : A close look at the award winner |website=IndiaGlitz |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/10230.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024045937/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/10230.html |archive-date=24 October 2012 }}</ref>

Vikram signed on to feature in the action thriller ''[[Anniyan]]'', directed by prominent director [[S. Shankar|Shankar]] in March 2004.<ref name="anniyan">{{cite web|date=4 March 2004 |title=First look: Shankar's 'Anniyan' |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/first-look-shankars-anniyan-news-tamil-kkfvMHaaefa.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022060041/http://www.sify.com/movies/first-look-shankars-anniyan-news-tamil-kkfvMHaaefa.html |archive-date=22 October 2012 }}</ref> Vikram agreed to shoot for the film for 140 days, which was revealed to be amongst the longest contracts signed by an actor in a Tamil film.<ref name="anniyanoneforty">{{cite web|date=16 June 2005 |title=History made, history waits |website=IndiaGlitz |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/15221.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024045949/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/15221.html |archive-date=24 October 2012 }}</ref> The film featured him as a character suffering from [[dissociative identity disorder]] with three distinct personae: a meek lawyer, a suave fashion model and a psychotic serial killer. Prior to release, the film was touted as the most expensive South Indian film ever, costing Rs 263.8 million, and was released across India with 400 prints.<ref name="anniyanbig">{{cite web|author=Pillai, Sreedhar |date=18 June 2005 |title=The mother of all biggies |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/06/18/stories/2005061803170200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019072806/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/06/18/stories/2005061803170200.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=19 October 2013 }}</ref> ''Anniyan'' took an "extraordinary opening",<ref name="anniyanopening">{{cite web|date=18 June 2005 |title=Extraordinary opening! |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/extraordinary-opening-news-tamil-kkfv3rcigha.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022060145/http://www.sify.com/movies/extraordinary-opening-news-tamil-kkfv3rcigha.html |archive-date=22 October 2012 }}</ref> and went on to become a blockbuster grossing more than Rs. 1 billion through the original and two dubbed versions.<ref name="aparachitbb">{{cite web|author=Us Salam, Ziya |date=19 May 2006 |title='Aparichit' no more |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/05/19/stories/2006051901290100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110120026/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/05/19/stories/2006051901290100.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=10 November 2012 }}</ref> Vikram's performance received widespread critical acclaim, with a reviewer from ''[[Sify]]'' citing that "''Anniyan'' truly belongs to Vikram and the film is unthinkable without him" and "it is a role that could have been reduced to a caricature by a lesser actor".<ref name="anniyarv">{{cite web|date=18 June 2005 |title=Anniyan |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/anniyan-review-tamil-13873632.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030045503/http://www.sify.com/movies/anniyan-review-tamil-13873632.html |archive-date=30 October 2014 }}</ref> ''Anniyan'' won several accolades at award ceremonies the following year, with Vikram winning his third Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil for his performance in the film.<ref name="anniyanaward">{{cite web|date=10 September 2006 |title='Anniyan' sweeps Filmfare Awards! |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/anniyan-sweeps-filmfare-awards-news-tamil-kkfvinigibe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926074039/http://www.sify.com/movies/anniyan-sweeps-filmfare-awards-news-tamil-kkfvinigibe.html |archive-date=26 September 2014 }}</ref>

Later in the year, he signed and completed [[Shafi (director)|Shafi]]'s comedy film with [[Asin]], ''[[Majaa]]'', in less than five months. The film which also featured [[Pasupathy]] as his brother, saw Vikram work as the assistant director under Shafi.<ref name="admajaa">{{cite web|date=9 January 2006 |title=I've struggled a lot to reach this level: Vikram |website=IndiaGlitz |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/malayalam/interview/6525.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201121527/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/malayalam/interview/6525.html |archive-date= 1 February 2015 }}</ref> ''Majaa'' faced a poor response at the box office and fetched average reviews, with a reviewer citing that "you will surely find something missing".<ref name="majaaindure">{{cite web|author=Kumar, Ashok |date=4 November 2005 |title=Where is the entertainment? |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2005/11/04/stories/2005110402340200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211234401/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2005/11/04/stories/2005110402340200.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=11 February 2012 }}</ref>

Vikram then signed up for ''[[Bheema]]'' in October 2005, with the film facing severe delays and only releasing in January 2008.<ref name="bheemasign">{{cite web|date=15 October 2005 |title=Vikram is Bheema! |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/vikram-is-bheema-news-tamil-kkfvzjegbdd.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022060506/http://www.sify.com/movies/vikram-is-bheema-news-tamil-kkfvzjegbdd.html |archive-date=22 October 2012 }}</ref> The film saw him portray Sekhar, who grows up idolizing the gangster played by [[Prakash Raj]], and Vikram revealed that he approached the film like an actor, even though the film's script was written "for a star".<ref name="bheemahindu">{{cite web|author=Kamath, Sudhish |date=7 September 2007 |title=Vikram versus Kenny |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.hindu.com/cp/2007/09/07/stories/2007090750050100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100626101624/http://www.hindu.com/cp/2007/09/07/stories/2007090750050100.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=26 June 2010 }}</ref> Upon release, the film gained mixed reviews though reviewers praised Vikram's performance, with a critic claiming that "Vikram breathes life into the film", "he looks sensational with his toned body, killer looks and unarguably delivers yet another outstanding performance of his career" and to "see the film only for him".<ref name="sifyhindure">{{cite web|date=15 January 2008 |title=Bheema |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/bheema-review-tamil-14589515.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131218212433/http://www.sify.com/movies/bheema-review-tamil-14589515.html |archive-date=18 December 2013 }}</ref> Similarly, the review from ''The Hindu'' was critical of the excessive violence and mentioned that "as narration gives way after a point, Vikram can only appear helpless".<ref name="bheemahindure">{{cite web|author=Rangarajan, Malathi |date=15 January 2008 |title=A bloodbath almost – Bheema |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2008/01/18/stories/2008011850720200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110120105/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2008/01/18/stories/2008011850720200.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=10 November 2012 }}</ref> His next release, ''[[Kanthaswamy (film)|Kanthaswamy]]'', directed by [[Susi Ganesan]] and also featuring [[Shriya Saran]], became the first [[superhero]] film in Tamil cinema, with Vikram being featured as a vigilante dressed as an anthropomorphic rooster, Kokorako and a CBI Officer.<ref name="toikantha">{{cite web|author=Pillai, Sreedhar|date=10 April 2009|title=Gung-ho about 'Kandasamy'|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=31 July 2011|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Gung-ho-about-Kandasamy/articleshow/4380557.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919214515/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-04-10/news-interviews/28024076_1_susi-ganesan-kandasamy-film|url-status=live|archive-date=19 September 2012}}</ref> ''Kanthaswamy'' became Vikram's most expensive production beating ''Anniyan'', with the film boasting of high production values of having an innovative pre-launch trailer and with scenes shot in Italy and Mexico.<ref name="trailere">{{cite web|author=Ashok Kumar, S.R |date=19 September 2007 |title=Invitation for launch of 'Kandasamy' not commonplace |work=The Hindu |access-date=19 September 2007 |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2007/09/19/stories/2007091959110200.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090110182415/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2007/09/19/stories/2007091959110200.htm |archive-date=10 January 2009 }}</ref><ref name="kantexp">{{cite web|author=Ganesan, Sharmilla |date=25 August 2009 |title=Superhero with style |work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |access-date=16 July 2011 |url=http://ecentral.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/8/25/movies/4566714&sec=movies |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609123835/http://ecentral.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2009%2F8%2F25%2Fmovies%2F4566714&sec=movies |archive-date= 9 June 2012 }}</ref> The film earned a mixed response from critics, with the reviewer from [[Sify]] claiming that the film "strikes a fine balance between style and substance" and proceeding to state that "Vikram is mesmerizing and has given an extra dimension to the characters he plays in the film and steers it to the winning post", suggesting that "there are very few people in Indian cinema who can do the larger-than-life fantasy characters as easily as Vikram". Sudhish Kamath of ''The Hindu'' labelled the film as "slow death", claiming that "as an actor, Vikram has nothing to do". The film took a strong opening, with a collection of Rs. 370 million, including Rs. 160 million in Tamil Nadu, at the box office in the opening week of its international release. The film subsequently went on to become one of the most profitable films of the year and ran in theaters for over one hundred days.<ref name="hitkantha">{{cite web|date=2 September 2009 |title=The rooster rocks the box office |work=The Hindu |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article13770.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102120011/http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article13770.ece |archive-date= 2 November 2012 }}</ref><ref name="hundredkantha">{{cite web|date=24 December 2009 |title=Big celebration for Kanthaswamy |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/big-celebration-for-kanthaswamy-news-tamil-kkfrhdfhdea.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022060604/http://www.sify.com/movies/big-celebration-for-kanthaswamy-news-tamil-kkfrhdfhdea.html |archive-date=22 October 2012 }}</ref>

=== 2010–2014: Career expansion ===

Vikram then featured in [[Mani Ratnam]]'s bilingual films ''[[Raavanan (2010 film)|Raavanan]]'' and ''[[Raavan (2010 Hindi film)|Raavan]]'', inspired by the ancient [[Sanskrit]] epic [[Ramayana]], with Vikram featuring as the tribal leader, Veeraiya, in the Tamil version and the cop, Dev Pratap Sharma, in the Hindi version of the films, which were shot simultaneously.<ref name="ravsifint">{{cite web |author=Sreedhar, Sridevi |date=10 June 2010 |title=I am flying, thrilled and intoxicated: Vikram |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/i-am-flying-thrilled-and-intoxicated-vikram-news-tamil-kkfq0xhegdc.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724144159/http://www.sify.com/movies/i-am-flying-thrilled-and-intoxicated-vikram-news-tamil-kkfq0xhegdc.html |archive-date=24 July 2011 }}</ref> Vikram revealed that changes between the two characters during filming took up to 45 minutes, with [[Abhishek Bachchan]] playing the tribal leader in the Hindi version, whilst [[Prithviraj Sukumaran|Prithviraj]] played the cop in the Tamil version, with [[Aishwarya Rai]] as the female lead.<ref name="mint" /> Vikram was initially apprehensive, because both roles were to be shot almost simultaneously, but revealed that he succeeded by showing differences in his body language and expressions.<ref name="diffs">{{cite news|author=Rangarajan, Malathi |date=6 May 2010 |title='Raavanan', a re-incarnation |work=The Hindu |access-date=7 January 2011 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article423184.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100903110236/http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article423184.ece |archive-date= 3 September 2010 }}</ref><ref name="diffstwo">{{cite web|date=13 June 2010|title=I had the arrogance for it: Vikram|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=7 August 2011|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/I-had-the-arrogance-for-it-Vikram/articleshow/6041135.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919214533/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-06-13/news-interviews/28285463_1_vikram-mani-ratnam-anti-hero|url-status=live|archive-date=19 September 2012}}</ref> Vikram revealed that he and Abhishek Bachchan played the roles in the respective versions without inspiration from one another. Despite being a non-speaker and making his debut in Hindi, he dubbed his lines in the language, remarking jovially that it was the "most difficult thing in the world".<ref name="rediffraavnan">{{cite web|author=N, Patcy |date=17 June 2010 |title=When Vikram picked up Abhishek and threw him! |work=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=7 August 2011 |url=http://movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2010/jun/17/slide-show-1-vikram-on-raavan.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110410043255/http://movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2010/jun/17/slide-show-1-vikram-on-raavan.htm |archive-date=10 April 2011 }}</ref> After promotions at the [[Cannes Film Festival]] and a premiere at [[Leicester Square]] in London, the two versions and the dubbed Telugu version released simultaneously in 2,200 screens worldwide and took a big opening on day one, earning 200 million.<ref name="raavanpremiere">{{cite web|date=18 June 2010 |title=Raavan has a star-studded premiere in London |access-date=7 August 2011 |url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/06/18/stories/2010061855652200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721215342/http://www.hindu.com/2010/06/18/stories/2010061855652200.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=21 July 2010 }}</ref><ref name="raavanopening">{{cite web|date=19 June 2010 |title='Raavan' earns Rs 20 crore worldwide on opening day |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |access-date=7 August 2011 |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/76426/raavan-earns-rs-20-crore.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110630151022/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/76426/raavan-earns-rs-20-crore.html |archive-date=30 June 2011 }}</ref> The Tamil version, ''Raavanan'' won rave reviews from critics, with ''[[The Hindu]]'' calling it a "master-stroke" and claiming that Vikram "raises the bar higher with every venture". The critic cited that "emotions of love, animus, anguish and joy dance on his face in quick succession", concluding that "Vikram lifts the role to an admirable level".<ref name="raavananhin">{{cite web|author=Rangarajan, Malathi |date=25 June 2010 |title=A masterstroke yet again – Raavanan |access-date=7 August 2011 |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2010/06/25/stories/2010062550400201.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100701032556/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2010/06/25/stories/2010062550400201.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date= 1 July 2010 }}</ref> The critic from Sify labelled it as an "astonishing portrayal", while the critic from the ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' praised Vikram's "ability to get into Veeraiya's skin and emote with conviction".<ref name="raavanantimes">{{cite web|author=Bhaskaran, Gauthaman |date=19 June 2010 |title=Gautaman Bhaskaran's Review: Raavanan |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=7 August 2011 |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Gautaman-Bhaskaran-s-Review-Raavanan/Article1-560002.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100627152149/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Gautaman-Bhaskaran-s-Review-Raavanan/Article1-560002.aspx |archive-date=27 June 2010 }}</ref> The Tamil version emerged as a commercial success, with Vikram's performance winning him his fourth Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil among other accolades.<ref name="raavananhhit">{{cite news|author=Reddy, Krithika |date=2 July 2010 |title=Rock and role |work=The Hindu |access-date=7 August 2011 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article496828.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100814123146/http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article496828.ece |archive-date=14 August 2010 }}</ref> In contrast, the Hindi version fetched mixed reviews, with critics agreeing that Vikram's performance as the tribal leader was more convincing than Bachchan's. [[Baradwaj Rangan]], writing for ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' rated the film 4/5 and said: "Raavan falls for Sita (and vice versa) in an intriguingly idiosyncratic take on the Ramayana – if you can get past the lead performances, that is".<ref>{{cite web|first=Baradwaj |last=Rangan |title='Raavan' Review |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=19 June 2010 |url=http://baradwajrangan.wordpress.com/2010/06/19/review-raavan/ |access-date=19 June 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100621082438/http://baradwajrangan.wordpress.com/2010/06/19/review-raavan/ |archive-date=21 June 2010 }}</ref> Whereas, [[Taran Adarsh]], writing for [[Bollywood Hungama]] rated it {{Fraction|1|1|2}} out of 5 and said: "On the whole, ''Raavan'' is a king-sized disappointment, in terms of content" though mentioning that Vikram was "first-rate, although the role isn't substantial enough".<ref>{{cite web|last=Adarsh |first=Taran |title=Raavan: Movie Review |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/review/14148/index.html |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=18 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100623075355/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/review/14148/index.html |archive-date=23 June 2010 }}</ref> ''Raavan'' subsequently went on to become a surprise flop at the Indian box office.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hits continue to evade Bollywood as ''Raavan'' flops |url=http://movies.rediff.com/report/2010/jun/28/box-office-raavan-flops.htm |publisher=[[Rediff]] |access-date=8 July 2010 |date=28 June 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100701042457/http://movies.rediff.com/report/2010/jun/28/box-office-raavan-flops.htm |archive-date= 1 July 2010 }}</ref> The film was also screened at the [[Venice Film Festival]] and the [[Busan International Film Festival]], with Vikram in attendance.<ref name="venice">{{cite web|author=Sangeetha|date=11 September 2010|title=Vikram: I was never so excited|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=7 August 2011|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Vikram-I-was-never-so-excited/articleshow/6530464.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919214551/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-09-11/news-interviews/28215529_1_vikram-chiyaan-suhasini|url-status=live|archive-date=19 September 2012}}</ref>

[[File:Tamil actor & UN Habitat Youth Envoy Vikram with Information Officer Anand Krishna.jpg|thumb|Vikram at UN Habitat program with Information Officer Anand Krishna]]

After two years of discussions, Vikram began a film under the direction of [[Selvaraghavan]] in a project dubbed by the media as ''Sindubad''. The film began shoot and completed a schedule by early 2010 in the [[Himalayas]] with [[Swati Reddy]] appearing as the female lead. However, the film was reported to be momentarily shelved and subsequently never took off again after the producer Singanamala Ramesh walked out.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/nov-12-02/selvaraghavan-vikram-10-11-12.html |title=Why Did Selvaraghavan And Vikram's Association Break? |website=Behindwoods |date=10 November 2012 |access-date=12 June 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130907204401/http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/nov-12-02/selvaraghavan-vikram-10-11-12.html |archive-date= 7 September 2013 }}</ref> Vikram then agreed terms to feature in [[Vikram Kumar]]'s ''24'', produced by Mohan Natarajan, with [[Ileana D'Cruz]] signed on to play the female lead role. The film progressed briefly with shots being canned in caves, before the director was ousted from the project, cancelling the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/dec-09-04/vikram-vikram-kumar-ileana-21-12-09.html |title=Vikram & Vikram get busy! |website=Behindwoods |date=21 December 2009 |access-date=12 June 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002113828/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/dec-09-04/vikram-vikram-kumar-ileana-21-12-09.html |archive-date= 2 October 2013 }}</ref> Vikram then also shot briefly for a third successive shelved project directed by [[Boopathy Pandian]] for the same producer, featuring him in the role of an investigative cop; however the film failed to progress and instead Natarajan financed Vikram's next film.<ref>{{cite web|author=V Lakshmi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Ileana-refuses-to-return-advance/articleshow/11820134.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521060830/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-09/news-interviews/31040985_1_ileana-producer-mohan-natarajan-telugu-film-industry |url-status=live |archive-date=21 May 2013 |title=Ileana refuses to return advance? |date=9 February 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=12 June 2013}}</ref>

His 2011 release, the melodrama ''[[Deiva Thirumagal]]'', directed by [[A. L. Vijay]], saw Vikram portray a father with a [[developmental disability]] having the mental maturity of a seven-year-old. To prepare for the role, Vikram visited homes for the mentally challenged such as Vidya Sagar and Vidya Sudha for a month, watching their body language and taking notes.<ref name="dtmbestfather">{{cite web|author=Subramanian, Anupama |date=11 July 2011 |title=I'm the best father: Chiyaan Vikram |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/showbiz/kollywood/i%E2%80%99m-best-father-chiyaan-vikram-092 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110817101018/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/showbiz/kollywood/i%E2%80%99m-best-father-chiyaan-vikram-092 |archive-date=17 August 2011 }}</ref> He also communicated with the patients, to pick up the nuances of people with impaired speech. Vikram has since gone on to describe his role as Krishna as the best character he has ever portrayed.<ref name="dtmbest">{{cite web|author=Jeshi, K |date=28 August 2010 |title=Sitting pretty |work=The Hindu |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article600074.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902145635/http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article600074.ece |archive-date= 2 September 2010 }}</ref> The film, which also featured [[Sara Arjun]], [[Anushka Shetty]] and [[Amala Paul]] in supporting roles, opened to predominantly positive reviews from critics and enjoyed commercial success at the box office.<ref name="dtmsuccess">{{cite web|date=19 July 2011|title=Deiva Thiirumagal comes in for praise|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=31 July 2011|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Deiva-Thiirumagal-comes-in-for-praise/articleshow/9282405.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412013641/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-19/news-interviews/29790374_1_chiyaan-vikram-deiva-thiirumagal-film|url-status=live|archive-date=12 April 2012}}</ref> The reviewer from ''[[The Deccan Chronicle]]'' described that the film was "Vikram's show all the way" and that "his rendition of a mentally-challenged man trying to cope with the everyday realities of raising a child is a work of art", praising his "fiery, complex performance as one of the more viciously honest depictions of mental illness cinema has seen".<ref name="dtmdc">{{cite web | url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/showbiz/kollywood/deivathirumagal-it-vikram-all-way-008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011205328/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/showbiz/kollywood/deivathirumagal-it-vikram-all-way-008 | archive-date=11 October 2012 | title=Deivathirumagal: It is Vikram all the way | work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] | date=16 July 2011 | access-date=31 July 2011 | author=Subramanian, Anupama}}</ref> Similarly, another critic described that the on-screen chemistry between Vikram and his daughter, played by Sara Arjun, is "magic" and their performances "are sure to leave a lump in your throat".<ref name="dtmtoi">{{cite web|author=Narayanan, Venkateswaren |date=17 July 2011 |title=Deiva Thirumagal |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/movie-reviews/Deiva-Thirumagal/movie-review/9256649.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106035815/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/movie-reviews/Deiva-Thirumagal/movie-review/9256649.cms |archive-date= 6 November 2012 }}</ref> The critic from ''The Hindu'' praised the film and Vikram's performance, but analysed that "a problem arises only when you stop looking at Krishna as a character, and begin to see him as Vikram, the hero" and that Vikram should have "underplayed a little here and there and it would have worked better".<ref name="dtmhind">{{cite news|author=Rangarajan, Malathi |date=16 July 2011 |title=Deiva Thirumagal: a sensitive poem on celluloid |work=The Hindu |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article2233163.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720135157/http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article2233163.ece |archive-date=20 July 2011 }}</ref> For his performance in the film, Vikram won his first [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor – Tamil]], in addition to his seventh nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/The-59th-Idea-Filmfare-Awards-2011South/articleshow/14742576.cms | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130704164503/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-08/news-interviews/32588512_1_aadukalam-video-pranayam | url-status=live | archive-date=4 July 2013 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=The 59th Idea Filmfare Awards 2011(South)| date=8 July 2012}}</ref>

Vikram next featured in ''[[Rajapattai]]'' (2011), alongside [[Deeksha Seth]], under the direction of [[Suseenthiran]], where he played a [[henchman]] trying to get a break in the [[Tamil cinema|Tamil film]] industry.<ref name="rajap">{{cite web|date=26 July 2011 |title=Vikram's role in Raja Pattai |website=Behindwoods |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/jul-11-04/vikram-raja-pattai-26-07-11.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926094022/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/jul-11-04/vikram-raja-pattai-26-07-11.html |archive-date=26 September 2011 }}</ref> The film opened to mixed reviews from critics in December 2011 and performed below expectations at the box office. Vikram also completed half of a fantasy period film during 2011, ''Karikalan'', in which he played [[Karikala Chola]], a Tamil king who ruled in 270 BC, opposite [[Zarine Khan]], under the direction of graphics director Kannan, but the film was later shelved owing to production troubles.<ref name="karikalan">{{cite web|date=13 May 2011 |title=Vikram & Zarine in Karikalan |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/vikram-zarine-in-karikalan-news-tamil-lfnlLCijcdb.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110819072713/http://www.sify.com/movies/vikram-zarine-in-karikalan-news-tamil-lfnlLCijcdb.html |archive-date=19 August 2011 }}</ref> He then appeared in his second project with director [[A. L. Vijay|Vijay]], portraying the lead role of a blinded [[Research and Analysis Wing|RAW agent]] in the action-thriller, ''[[Thaandavam]]''. The film, which also featured [[Anushka Shetty]], [[Amy Jackson]] and [[Lakshmi Rai]] in pivotal roles, opened to mixed reviews in September 2012.<ref name="vijayamy">{{cite web|author=Ramanujam, Srinivasa|date=10 July 2011|title=Amy in Vikram's next?|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=31 July 2011|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Amy-in-Vikrams-next/articleshow/9172276.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919214619/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-10/news-interviews/29757850_1_amy-jackson-hindi-version-vikram-vijay|url-status=live|archive-date=19 September 2012}}</ref> For his role of a blind man, Vikram trained under noted [[human echolocation]] specialist [[Daniel Kish]], with the latter also playing a cameo in the film.<ref>{{cite news|agency=TNN |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Vikram-gets-trained-by-Daniel-Kish/articleshow/16333906.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101105810/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-10/news-interviews/33736244_1_vikram-thaandavam-daniel-kish |url-status=live |archive-date=1 November 2012 |title=Vikram gets trained by Daniel Kish |date=10 September 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=12 June 2013}}</ref> A critic from Sify.com noted that it was "Vikram and him alone who diverts your attention from the film's little logical script flaws and spellbinds you with an endearing act that is Thaandavam's biggest strength";<ref>{{cite web|title=Thaandavam |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/thaandavam-review-tamil-15008711.html |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=28 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131218212437/http://www.sify.com/movies/thaandavam-review-tamil-15008711.html |archive-date=18 December 2013 }}</ref> subsequently, the film did average business commercially. For his performance in the film, Vikram received his eighth nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil. The actor was next seen portraying the title role in [[Bejoy Nambiar]]'s Hindi-language film ''[[David (2013 Hindi film)|David]]'' playing out a love story between a careless drunkard fisherman and a mute girl played by [[Isha Sherwani]]. The film won mixed reviews and performed average business at the box office. The film was also partially reshot in Tamil [[David (2013 Tamil film)|in the same title]] for which Vikram was one of the producers.<ref name="caravan"/>

=== 2015–2019: Limited releases and major productions ===
Vikram signed on to collaborate again with [[S. Shankar|Shankar]] for ''[[I (2015 film)|I]]'', a romantic thriller opposite [[Amy Jackson]], in early 2012.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Amy-Jackson-to-romance-Vikram-in-I/articleshow/14773779.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718045522/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-10/news-interviews/32605619_1_amy-jackson-aascar-ravichandran-vikram |url-status=live |archive-date=18 July 2013 |title=Amy Jackson to romance Vikram in I |date=10 July 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=15 July 2012}}</ref> Following hushed production developments, it was revealed that the actor would sport four significantly different looks in the film: a body builder, a beast, a model and a hunchback. He put on weight to portray the bodybuilder, sticking to a diet of protein and coffee, to ensure his muscles were defined on screen. Vikram subsequently lost weight to portray a model, before shaving his head and reducing his weight to 56 kilograms to portray the crippled hunchback.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/vikram-betting-on-i/article6782719.ece |title=Vikram betting on I's success with Pongal release |work=The Hindu |date=13 January 2015 |access-date=18 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115234452/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/vikram-betting-on-i/article6782719.ece |archive-date=15 January 2016 }}</ref> He changed his physique by eating small meals of egg whites and apples instead of regular food intake, while engaging in an intensive weight loss regimen to become thin. The cast and crew of the film reportedly struggled to recognise the actor at times, while he also stayed away from the media for close to a year when sporting the look.<ref>{{cite web|author=Subhash K. Jha |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/interview/vikram-i-was-really-tough/20150114.htm |title=Vikram: I was looking pathetic during the shooting of I |publisher=Rediff |date=14 January 2015 |access-date=18 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118194829/http://www.rediff.com/movies/interview/vikram-i-was-really-tough/20150114.htm |archive-date=18 January 2015 }}</ref> Taking almost three years for production, Vikram described the film "as the toughest he has ever done" and regularly suffered [[folliculitis]] as a result of the prosthetic make-up he had to wear.<ref name="caravan" /> The film opened amidst much expectation in January 2015 to mixed reviews, though Vikram's portrayal of Lingesan received highly positive reviews. A critic from ''The Times of India'' noted: "Vikram bowls you over with a heart-wrenching performance whether he is handsome or disfigured", while ''The Hindu'' added his transformation was "laudable", and that "Vikram wins hearts as the earnest-to-boot gym rat and as the strapping new model on the block, he floors the audience with his performance as Koonan, the deformed hunchback".<ref>{{cite news|author=Iyer, Meena |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-review/I/movie-review/45888402.cms |title=Movie Review:I |work=The Times of India |date=14 January 2015 |access-date=18 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150117173150/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-review/I/movie-review/45888402.cms |archive-date=17 January 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Rajendra, Ranjani |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/review-of-i-predictable-beauty-and-the-beast-tale/article6789004.ece |title=Predictable beauty and the beast tale |work=The Hindu |date=14 January 2015 |access-date=18 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201091213/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/review-of-i-predictable-beauty-and-the-beast-tale/article6789004.ece |archive-date= 1 February 2015 }}</ref> Similarly, ''Rediff.com'' noted the actor "is truly impressive and deserves much applause", while ''Sify.com'' added he "lived the role".<ref>{{cite web|author=Saraswathi, S |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-vikram-i-is-definitely-a-pongal-treat/20150114.htm |title=Vikram's I is definitely a Pongal treat |work=Rediff.com |date=14 January 2015 |access-date=18 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150117175541/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-vikram-i-is-definitely-a-pongal-treat/20150114.htm |archive-date=17 January 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/i-review-tamil-15058840.html |title=Movie Review:I |website=[[Sify]] |date=14 January 2015 |access-date=18 January 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150117174107/http://www.sify.com/movies/i-review-tamil-15058840.html |archive-date=17 January 2015 }}</ref> Despite the mixed critical reception, ''I'' performed well at the box office, as well as becoming the most successful Tamil film of all time in Kerala.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/vikram-on-10-enradhukulla-movie/article7774642.ece|title=Vikram on 10 Enradhukulla movie|author=sudhir srinivasan|work=The Hindu|date=17 October 2015|access-date=2 May 2016|archive-date=26 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226225504/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/vikram-on-10-enradhukulla-movie/article7774642.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> By early 2015, it was the [[List of highest-grossing Tamil films|sixth highest-grossing Tamil film]] of all time at the time.<ref>{{cite web|title=Vikram's 'I' Box Office: Shankar's Film Completes 50-Day Milestone in Theatres|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/vikrams-i-box-office-shankars-film-completes-50-day-milestone-theatres-625176|date=4 March 2015|work=International Business Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402130922/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/vikrams-i-box-office-shankars-film-completes-50-day-milestone-theatres-625176|archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="ihindu">{{cite news|title=I: A terrific performance let down by an uninspired, exhausting movie|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/i-movie-review-by-baradwaj-rangan/article6789179.ece|author=Rangan, Baradwaj|date=14 January 2015|work=The Hindu|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201141639/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/i-movie-review-by-baradwaj-rangan/article6789179.ece|archive-date=1 February 2015|access-date=18 January 2015}}</ref> ''I'' won Vikram his fifth Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil.

He then worked on [[Vijay Milton]]'s road-thriller, ''[[10 Enradhukulla]]'' (2015), which featured him as an unnamed race driver who goes on a road trip through India. Paired opposite [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu|Samantha]], the film opened to mixed reviews and did not perform well at the box office. A critic from Sify.com however, noted that Vikram "breathes life to his role and his energy level is highly infectious", adding that "the way he smiles, dances and fights is a treat for his fans".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/10-enradhukulla-review--pkvqS2bcfcaid.html |title=Review : 10 Enradhukulla |work=Sify |access-date=2 May 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129085457/http://www.sify.com/movies/10-enradhukulla-review--pkvqS2bcfcaid.html |archive-date=29 January 2016 }}</ref> Likewise, a critic from The Hindu criticised the film's script, adding that "it's hard to see Vikram in this fluff".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/10-enradhukulla-a-slipshod-road-movie/article7790285.ece |title=10 Enradhukulla: A slipshod road movie |author=Baradwaj Rangan |work=The Hindu |date=21 October 2015 |access-date=2 May 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505013158/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/10-enradhukulla-a-slipshod-road-movie/article7790285.ece |archive-date= 5 May 2016 }}</ref>

Vikram later appeared in ''[[Iru Mugan]]'' (2016), a science fiction action film directed by [[Anand Shankar]], featuring him alongside [[Nayanthara]] and [[Nithya Menen]]. The film was a critical and commercial success, and earned him his tenth nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Im-crazy-when-it-comes-to-acting-Vikram/articleshow/49701028.cms |title=I'm crazy when it comes to acting: Vikram |work=The Times of India |access-date=2 May 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151110085501/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Im-crazy-when-it-comes-to-acting-Vikram/articleshow/49701028.cms |archive-date=10 November 2015 }}</ref> His next films are ''[[Sketch (2018 film)|Sketch]]'' (2018), ''[[Saamy Square]]'' (2018) and ''[[Kadaram Kondan]]'' (2019).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/sketch-movie-review-tamannah-vikram-babu-raj-1143754-2018-01-12 |title=Sketch Movie Review: Vikram shines in this passable commercial entertainer – Movies News |publisher=Indiatoday.in |date= 12 January 2018|access-date=2022-02-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/saamy-square-movie-review-vikram-plays-an-angry-cop-in-a-sequel-which-follows-the-same-plot-as-saamy/story-A8RX6C5uhv9CImSXaZuHyL.html |title=Saamy Square movie review: Vikram plays an angry cop in a sequel which follows the same plot as Saamy |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=2018-09-21 |access-date=2022-02-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/kadaram-kondan-review-tamil-movie-22579|title = Kadaram Kondan Review}}</ref>

=== 2022–present: Contemporary career ===

In 2022, Vikram appeared in Kartik Subbaraj's ''[[Mahaan (2022 film)|Mahaan]]'' as Gandhi Mahaan, along with his son [[Dhruv Vikram]]. Though made for theatre release, during the Covid pandemic the producer Lalit Kumar released it straight to OTT in early 2022 in [[Amazon Prime Video]]. Later, the producer regretted the decision when the film became popular with the audience and even actors from the film fraternity said it should have been released theatrically.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-22 |title=Thalapathy Vijay was upset after this Vikram starrer released directly on OTT|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/thalapathy-vijay-was-upset-after-this-vikram-starrer-released-directly-on-ott/c78ac14d50541|language=en}}</ref>

His next film was with [[R. Ajay Gnanamuthu]] and was titled as ''[[Cobra (2022 film)|Cobra]]'' (2022). The film received pre-release hype, but it was released to negative reviews from critics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-21 |title=Vikram joins hands with Ajay Gnanamuthu for an action-thriller, see poster |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/vikram-joins-hands-with-ajay-gnanamuthu-for-an-action-thriller-see-poster/story-G2J8pIaVwnEG9NhLWWJdhN.html |url-status=live |access-date=2022-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526061112/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/vikram-joins-hands-with-ajay-gnanamuthu-for-an-action-thriller-see-poster/story-G2J8pIaVwnEG9NhLWWJdhN.html |archive-date=2022-05-26 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Vikram's much-awaited film Cobra to hit the big screen in August|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/vikrams-much-awaited-film-cobra-hit-big-screen-august-164195|website=[[The News Minute]] |date=20 May 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523070212/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/vikrams-much-awaited-film-cobra-hit-big-screen-august-164195 |archive-date=2022-05-23 |access-date=2022-05-27 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=It's Official: Vikram's Cobra to release on August 31 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/its-official-vikrams-cobra-to-release-on-august-31/articleshow/93457758.cms |access-date=9 August 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=9 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title='Cobra' box office collection day 1: Vikram starrer mints Rs 12 crore|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/box-office/cobra-box-office-collection-day-1-vikram-starrer-mints-rs-12-crore/articleshow/93919709.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=September 2022 |access-date=1 September 2022|quote=it got mixed reviews from the audience and critics.}}</ref>

Vikram played [[Aditya Chola II|Aditya Karikalan]] in [[Mani Ratnam]]'s film ''[[Ponniyin Selvan: I|Ponniyin Selvan]]'',<ref name="vikram">{{cite web |title=Chiyaan Vikram wraps up his portions in Mani Ratnam's Ponniyin Selvan |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/chiyaan-vikram-wraps-up-his-portions-in-mani-ratnam-s-ponniyin-selvan-1846732-2021-08-29 |access-date=29 August 2021 |website=[[India Today]] |date=29 August 2021 |archive-date=29 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829084328/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/chiyaan-vikram-wraps-up-his-portions-in-mani-ratnam-s-ponniyin-selvan-1846732-2021-08-29 |url-status=live }}</ref> which released in late 2022. It is the first Tamil film to release in [[IMAX]] format.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2022/film/asia/ponniyin-selvan-imax-mani-ratnam-1235342343/|title='Ponniyin Selvan' to Become First Tamil Film to Release in IMAX|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=16 August 2022 |access-date=16 August 2022}}</ref> The film earned fantastic reviews <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-30 |title=Ponniyin Selvan 1 |url=https://lensmenreviews.com/ponniyin-selvan-1-tamil-movie-review-2022/|language=en}}</ref> and 450-500 crores at the box office becoming the highest grossing Tamil film of 2022.

In ''[[Ponniyin Selvan: II|Ponniyin Selvan]]'' 2 Vikram reprised the role of [[Aditya Chola II|Aditya Karikalan]] achieving cult status for his intense and emotional portrayal as the Chola prince winning him the Best Actor at Filmfare, SIIMA and IIFA awards. Sowmya Rajendran of The News Minute noted "A fantastic Vikram makes PS-2 a worthy sequel" <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-28 |title=Ponniyin Selvan 2 review: A fantastic Vikram makes this a worthy sequel|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/tamil-nadu/ponniyin-selvan-2-review-fantastic-vikram-makes-worthy-sequel-176500|language=en}}</ref> The film was a huge success at the box office collecting over 345 crores.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-02 |title=Ponniyin Selvan Lifetime Box Office Collection Worldwide and Budget|url=https://www.bollymoviereviewz.com/2023/04/ponniyin-selvan-2-ps2-day-1-box-office-collection-worldwide-budget.html|language=en}}</ref>

Vikram's next film ''[[Thangalaan]]'' directed by [[Pa. Ranjith]] was released in 2024. The directorial cut of ''Thangalaan'' was selected to the Limelight Section at the 54th International Film Festival of Rotterdam 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-01 |title=Thangalaan - director's Cut|url=https://iffr.com/en/iffr/2025/films/thangalaan-directors-cut|language=en}}</ref> According to national award winning critic and festival curator Meenakshi Shedde - "Chiyaan Vikram is mesmerizing as Thangalaan and gives his all to the role. The fact that IFFR, is showcasing it, months after its theatrical release in August 2024 and streaming on Netflix, is a testimony to its enduring value."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-01 |title=Thangalaan's cautionary tale|url=https://www.mid-day.com/news/opinion/article/thangalaans-cautionary-tale-23476608|language=en}}</ref>

Vikram's much awaited ''[[Veera Dheera Sooran]]'' a rustic action thriller, directed by [[S. U. Arun Kumar]], released to very positive reviews on 27th March 2025 and is lauded with bringing back 'Vintage Chiyaan' <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-27 |title=Veera Dheera Sooran Part 2 review: Vikram shines in gritty slow-burn action thriller|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/veera-dheera-sooran-part-2-movie-review-vikram-shines-in-a-gritty-slow-burn-action-thriller-2700273-2025-03-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-27 |title=Veera Dheera Sooran Movie Review By Baradwaj Rangan | Chiyaan Vikram | SJ Suryah | S.U.Arun Kumar|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2hHI7Pc7dAc}}</ref>

== Other work ==

=== Film and television work ===
Apart from acting, Vikram has also been a part of other film-making processes with credits as a playback singer and as an assistant director. In 2000, Vikram and actress [[Meena (actress)|Meena]] launched a pop album titled ''Kadhalism'', which the pair would sing and appear in music videos for, although the project was completed without much promotion.<ref name="kadhalism">{{cite web
|year=2000
|title=Tamil cinema 2000
|publisher=CinemaToday2.com
|access-date=31 July 2011
|url=http://cinematoday2.itgo.com/44Hot%20News%20Just%20for%20U.htm
|url-status=live
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324015314/http://cinematoday2.itgo.com/44Hot%20News%20Just%20for%20U.htm
|archive-date=24 March 2012
}}</ref> Following the success of [[Bharadwaj (composer)|Bharadwaj]]'s music for Vikram's 2002 film ''[[Gemini (2002 Tamil film)|Gemini]]'', Vikram sang a version of the hit song "O Podu!" for the extended version of the album.<ref name="geminimusic" /> During the making of ''[[Kanthaswamy]]'' in 2009, the music composer [[Devi Sri Prasad]] had asked Vikram to sing a few rough tracks during the film's song composition in [[Malaysia]]. The producers were impressed with his voice and Vikram ended up singing four songs in the film.<ref name="singer">{{cite web|author=Kumar, Ashok |date=14 February 2009 |title=Vikram, now a playback singer too |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/02/14/stories/2009021458610200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110120148/http://www.hindu.com/2009/02/14/stories/2009021458610200.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=10 November 2012 }}</ref> Furthermore, Vikram also recorded all four tracks in the Telugu version of the album titled ''Mallana''.<ref name="singermallana">{{cite web
|date=6 February 2009
|title=Vikram shows singers the door
|website=Behindwoods
|access-date=31 July 2011
|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/feb-09-01/vikram-06-02-09.html
|url-status=live
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715081820/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/feb-09-01/vikram-06-02-09.html
|archive-date=15 July 2011
}}</ref> He then went on to sing for a film he was unrelated to, by lending five different voices in "Meghame" for [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]'s album in ''[[Madrasapattinam]]''.<ref name="madras">{{cite web
|date=6 March 2010
|title=Vikram's five different voices
|website=Behindwoods
|access-date=31 July 2011
|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/mar-10-02/vikram-madrasapattinam-09-03-10.html
|url-status=live
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819132337/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/mar-10-02/vikram-madrasapattinam-09-03-10.html
|archive-date=19 August 2010
}}</ref> He sang two further songs under Prakash Kumar for his ''[[Deiva Thirumagal]]'', singing in the voice of his character, an adult with the maturity of a six-year-old.<ref name="vijayvikram">{{cite web|date=7 February 2011|title=Vikram sings for his next|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=31 July 2011|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Vikram-sings-for-his-next/articleshow/7445590.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919214629/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-02-07/news-interviews/28546173_1_vikram-voice-song|url-status=live|archive-date=19 September 2012}}</ref> In 2011, he sang the song "Laddu Laddu" for his film ''[[Rajapattai]]'', under composer [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]'s direction.<ref>{{cite web|title=Top 10 songs |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-slide-shows/movie-4/top-ten-songs-dec-16/rajapattai.html |website=Behindwoods |access-date=19 December 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107191935/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-slide-shows/movie-4/top-ten-songs-dec-16/rajapattai.html |archive-date= 7 January 2012 }}</ref> Vikram announced his own production company Reel Life Entertainment in July 2009 and announced that [[M. Sasikumar|Sasikumar]] would direct his first film, the action thriller ''[[Easan]]'', featuring [[Samudrakani]], [[Vaibhav]], [[Abhinaya (actress)|Abhinaya]] and [[Aparnaa Bajpai]].<ref name="sasivikram">{{cite web|date=19 November 2009 |title=Vikram starts his Sasikumar film! |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/vikram-starts-his-sasikumar-film-news-tamil-kkfro8jcjab.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724144411/http://www.sify.com/movies/vikram-starts-his-sasikumar-film-news-tamil-kkfro8jcjab.html |archive-date=24 July 2011 }}</ref> However, after 90% of the shoot had been completed, Vikram pulled out of the venture, citing that Sasikumar had overshot his budget and the director eventually bought and released the film.<ref name="parteways">{{cite web
|date=6 September 2010
|title=Sasikumar and Vikram part ways
|website=Behindwoods
|access-date=31 July 2011
|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/sep-10-02/sasi-kumar-vikram-samudrakani-06-09-10.html
|url-status=live
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111206014208/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/sep-10-02/sasi-kumar-vikram-samudrakani-06-09-10.html
|archive-date= 6 December 2011
}}</ref> The actor, however, was later listed as one of the three producers for the Tamil version of the 2013 film, ''David'', thereby making his debut in film financing. Vikram has also worked as the assistant director under [[Shafi (director)|Shafi]] in ''[[Majaa]]'', and has mentioned that he would like to direct a film in the future.<ref name="admajaa" />

=== Philanthropy ===
[[File:Ilaiyaraaja and Vikram at the Nadigar Sangam Protest.jpg|thumb|Vikram with [[Illayaraja]] at the 2018 [[Nadigar Sangam]] protest]]

Vikram has promoted various social causes with several of his charity works being linked to characters he had portrayed in his films. He has been a brand ambassador of Sanjeevani Trust and a school for special children Vidya Sudha, where he stayed during the making of ''Deiva Thirumagal''.<ref name="dtmbest" /> Moreover, he has had a long-term association since the making of his film ''[[Kasi (film)|Kasi]]'' with the Kasi Eye Care, which does free eye surgeries for the poor.<ref name="vikrampoverty">{{cite news|date=12 April 2011|title=Vikram wants a poverty free world|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=21 February 2011|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Vikram-wants-a-poverty-free-world/articleshow/7958759.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919214639/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-12/news-interviews/29409638_1_chiyaan-vikram-envoys-brand-ambassador|url-status=live|archive-date=19 September 2012}}</ref> Vikram has also set up The Vikram Foundation through his fan club to provide heart operations for the poor, educate poor children and rehabilitate victims from natural disasters. Every year, Vikram has celebrated his birthday doing charity work across [[Tamil Nadu]] and in 2008, he organised a camp where a thousand of his fans pledged their eyes in an eye donation appeal.<ref name="vikramnet">{{cite web|title=The Vikram Foundation |url=http://www.chiyaanvikram.net:80/socialview.php?cid=3&ct |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513222141/http://www.chiyaanvikram.net/socialview.php?cid=3&ct |archive-date=13 May 2008 |publisher=chiyaanvikram.net |access-date=7 November 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

He has lent his support for the Chennai-based charity ''The Banyan'', and appeared in the charity musical [[Netru, Indru, Naalai]] directed by Mani Ratnam for the cause.<ref name="ninbanyan">{{cite web|title=Mani Ratnam to direct Star Vijay's extravaganza |url=http://inhome.rediff.com/movies/2005/jun/15mani.htm |work=Rediff Movies |publisher=Rediff |access-date=7 November 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715165248/http://inhome.rediff.com/movies/2005/jun/15mani.htm |archive-date=15 July 2011 }}</ref> The actor also starred in the 2010 "[[Mile Sur Mera Tumhara]]" music video on national integration alongside a bevy of Indian actors and musicians, describing the experience as "phenomenal".<ref name="phil">{{cite web|author=Suresh, Taranya|date=25 February 2010|title=Calling Raavan|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=31 July 2011|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Calling-Raavan/articleshow/5614977.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919214650/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-02-25/news-interviews/28123869_1_raavan-mani-ratnam-films|url-status=live|archive-date=19 September 2012}}</ref> In 2011, Vikram was selected as a Youth Envoy for the [[United Nations Human Settlements Programme]] with his aim being to spread awareness about the statutes of U.N. Habitat which include urban stabilisation and to help formulate plans for effective water management, slum eradication and women and youth empowerment.<ref name="nienvoy">{{cite web|title=Vikram is the youth envoy of UN Habitat |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-vikram-is-the-youth-envoy-of-un-habitat/20110413.htm |work=Rediff Movies |publisher=Rediff |access-date=7 November 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125054404/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-vikram-is-the-youth-envoy-of-un-habitat/20110413.htm |archive-date=25 November 2011 }}</ref> Soon after, he announced two further social projects, "Karka Kasadara" and "Patchai Puratchi", with the former being to identify school and college dropouts and help them to stand on their own feet, while the latter was about planting trees with an aim to make [[Chennai]] go green.<ref name="vikramun" /> In 2016, he produced and directed the video to the flood relief anthem [[Spirit of Chennai]], as a tribute to the city's volunteers following the [[2015 South Indian floods]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/celebrating-the-spirit-of-chennai/article8083351.ece |title=Celebrating the spirit of Chennai |author=Ranjani Rajendra |work=The Hindu |date=9 January 2016 |access-date=2 May 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322103414/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/celebrating-the-spirit-of-chennai/article8083351.ece |archive-date=22 March 2016 }}</ref>

== In the media ==
Vikram is a prolific [[method actor]], being often compared akin to Hollywood's [[Christian Bale]]. Since the success of ''[[Sethu (film)|Sethu]]'', Vikram's intense performances and variety of roles have received critical acclaim.<ref name="intense">{{cite web|author=Reddy, Krithika |date=9 July 2011 |title=Step By Step |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=7 January 2011 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article2214157.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714061449/http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article2214157.ece |archive-date=14 July 2011 }}</ref> His performances as a rogue turned mentally ill patient in ''Sethu'', a gravedigger with autism spectrum disorder in Bala's ''[[Pithamagan]]'', a [[Brahmin]] lawyer with multiple personality disorder in ''[[Anniyan]]'' and a mentally challenged adult with the maturity of a six-year-old boy in ''[[Deiva Thirumagal]]'' are all roles in which he played a mentally affected man, with Vikram mentioning that he does such roles to reinvent himself on screen.<ref name="sonvikram">{{cite web|author=Nagarajan, Saraswathy |date=27 March 2006 |title=V for Vikram |access-date=7 January 2011 |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2006/03/27/stories/2006032700220500.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713144035/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2006/03/27/stories/2006032700220500.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=13 July 2011 }}</ref>

Furthermore, Vikram has enjoyed a fan following in [[Andhra Pradesh (1956–2014)|Andhra Pradesh]] as a result of a series of successful dubbed [[Telugu language|Telugu]] films with ''Aparichitudu'', dubbed from his Tamil film ''Anniyan'', being among the most successful Telugu films of 2005. All his films are thus released in Telugu soon after their original release in Tamil, while ''Anniyan'' was also dubbed in Hindi as ''Aparichit''.<ref name="mint" /> He has also enjoyed success in [[Kerala]], where his films have demanded large box office openings akin to Malayalam film stars.<ref name="caravan" /> In 2004, Vikram participated in a live stadium stage event organised by producer [[P. L. Thenappan]] titled "Vikram Mega Nite". The event, held in Singapore, attracted several hundreds of his South East Asian fans and was held in the form of a stage musical.<ref name="starnite">{{cite web|author=Pillai, Sreedhar |date=9 February 2004 |title=Valentine's Day Special |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=8 April 2014 |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/02/09/stories/2004020900030200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514071438/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/02/09/stories/2004020900030200.htm |archive-date=14 May 2011 }}</ref> Vikram's pan-Indian popularity has also prompted him to be regularly considered for brand endorsements. In 2005, he was signed as [[Coca-Cola]]'s brand ambassador in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-marketing/actor-vikram-is-new-coke-brand-ambassador/article2174957.ece |title=Actor Vikram is new Coke brand ambassador |work=Business Line |date=19 April 2005 |access-date=13 July 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115234452/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-marketing/actor-vikram-is-new-coke-brand-ambassador/article2174957.ece |archive-date=15 January 2016 }}</ref> He has been the ambassador for [[Brooke Bond]] 3 Roses, [[Manappuram General Finance and Leasing]] Ltd and Josco Jewellers since 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/India/20100928/1596592.html |title=Vikram and Trisha brand ambassadors for Brooke Bond |publisher=News Web India123.com |date=27 September 2010 |access-date=13 July 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115234452/http://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/India/20100928/1596592.html |archive-date=15 January 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chiyaanvikramfans.in/2010/05/vikram-brand-ambassador-for-manappuram.html |title=Vikram Brand Ambassador for Manappuram General Finance and Leasing Ltd |publisher=Chiyaan Vikram Fans.in |date=6 May 2010 |access-date=13 July 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713180706/http://www.chiyaanvikramfans.in/2010/05/vikram-brand-ambassador-for-manappuram.html |archive-date=13 July 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bpu1egteTGM |title=Chiyaan Vikram in Josco Jewellers Complete Ad 2010-HQ |publisher=YouTube |date=9 November 2010 |access-date=18 July 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207082702/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bpu1egteTGM |archive-date= 7 December 2014 }}</ref> In 2015, Vikram has endorsed Big Deal TV, a celebrity-driven home shopping channel.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ytalkies.com/kollywood-film-news/vikram-is-the-brand-ambassador-for-big-deal-tv |title=Vikram is the Brand Ambassador for Big Deal TV |publisher=Y Talikies |date=4 June 2015 |access-date=13 July 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115234452/http://www.ytalkies.com/kollywood-film-news/vikram-is-the-brand-ambassador-for-big-deal-tv |archive-date=15 January 2016 }}</ref>

He is amongst the most decorated actors in terms of awards in the history of [[Tamil cinema]]. He holds a [[National Film Award for Best Actor]]; a feat only matched by five other actors in Tamil films. Moreover, Vikram holds seven [[Filmfare Awards South]], with the tally being only second to [[Kamal Haasan]] who has ten wins. In 2010 his film ''[[Raavan (2010 Hindi film)|Raavan]]'' was promoted at the [[Cannes Film Festival]] and then screened at [[Venice Film Festival]] and the [[Busan International Film Festival]].<ref name="venice" /> Within weeks of release, ''[[Deiva Thirumagal]]'' was sent to the [[Asia Pacific Screen Awards]] after it was nominated by the [[Film Federation of India]] and the National Film Development Corporation.<ref name="dtasa">{{cite web|author=Lakshmi, V|date=1 August 2011|title=DT makes it to international film fest|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=31 July 2011|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/DT-makes-it-to-international-film-fest/articleshow/9440504.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919214658/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-08-01/news-interviews/29838201_1_international-film-tamil-film-national-film-development-corporation|url-status=live|archive-date=19 September 2012}}</ref> Vikram is also a recipient of the [[Kalaimamani]] Award from the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] in 2004. Other recognitions includes a string of [[Cinema Express Awards]], [[Vijay Awards]] and [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]], including recognition in three different categories. In 2011, the media widely reported that Vikram was awarded an honorary doctorate from [[Università Popolare di Milano|Università Popolare degli Studi di Milano]] (People's University of Milan) in the field of Fine Arts. In his next release, ''Deiva Thirumagal'', he was credited as Dr. Chiyaan Vikram.<ref name="drvikram">{{cite web|date=10 March 2011 |title=Vikram gets an honorary doctorate |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=7 January 2011 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/vikram-gets-an-honorary-doctorate-news-tamil-ldknAujjafh.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110313023301/http://www.sify.com/movies/vikram-gets-an-honorary-doctorate-news-tamil-ldknAujjafh.html |archive-date=13 March 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Vikram-turns-Dr-Vikram/articleshow/8665406.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928033750/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-06-01/news-interviews/29603366_1_honorary-doctorate-vikram-indian-cinema |url-status=live |archive-date=28 September 2013 |title=Vikram turns Dr Vikram |author=Suresh Kavirayani |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=1 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cinema.pluz.in/galleries/kollywood/9451/vikram-honoured-with-doctorate.htm |title=Vikram Honoured With Doctorate |publisher=cinema.pluz.in |date=3 June 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927081021/http://cinema.pluz.in/galleries/kollywood/9451/vikram-honoured-with-doctorate.htm |archive-date=27 September 2013 }}</ref> However, the [[Università Popolare di Milano|Università Popolare degli Studi di Milano]] is an unaccredited diploma mill, with no official recognition as a university.<ref name=ilgiorno>{{cite news |url=http://www.ilgiorno.it/milano/cronaca/falsa-pubblicita-universita-1.2619500 |title=Pubblicità ingannevole sul web: stangata per l'Università Popolare |date=24 October 2016 |access-date=5 December 2020 |newspaper=[[Il Giorno (newspaper)|Il Giorno]] |first=Nicola |last=Palma |language=it |trans-title=Deceptive advertising on the web: heavy blow for the University of the People}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Vikram met Shailaja Balakrishnan in the late 1980s and married her in 1992 at [[Guruvayoor Temple]] in a mass wedding alongside dozens of couples.<ref name="vikramkerala" /> The pair then had a low-key wedding ceremony conducted at the church at [[Loyola College, Chennai]].<ref name="caravan" /> She hails from [[Thalassery]], Kerala and now works as a psychology teacher at a leading Chennai school.<ref name="teacher">{{cite web|author=Jha, Subhash K. |date=18 May 2010 |title='Aishwarya's a hero, Abhishek a brat' |publisher=[[CNN-IBN|IBN]] |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/aishwaryas-a-hero-abhishek-a-brat/115603-8-66.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100521092254/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/aishwaryas-a-hero-abhishek-a-brat/115603-8-66.html |archive-date=21 May 2010 }}</ref> Shailaja also worked with the team of ''[[Deiva Thirumagal]]'' by giving professional advice on how people with special needs are treated and helping develop the character played by Vikram.<ref name="shailajadt">{{cite web|author=Ramanujam, Srinivasa|date=19 April 2011|title=Vikram's wife helps Deiva Thirumagan!|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=31 July 2011|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Vikrams-wife-helps-Deiva-Thiirumagan/articleshow/8026404.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521044902/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-19/news-interviews/29446904_1_shailaja-actor-vikram-vijay|url-status=live|archive-date=21 May 2013}}</ref>

The couple has a daughter Akshita born in 1993 and a son [[Dhruv Vikram|Dhruv]] born in 1997.<ref>{{cite web |title=Adithya Varma Movie Team Interview |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mg1HM4czIIk | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/mg1HM4czIIk| archive-date=2021-10-30|website=youtube | date=9 November 2019 |publisher=Kalaignar TV |access-date=19 September 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref> His daughter made her debut in the television series ''Chinna Chinna Aasai – Elakiya''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=maayMJ70vwI?si=8kG_IR0Qd0V4afOS&t=414s|title=Chinna Chinna Aasai (Elakiya) | Episode 30 | Tamil Serial | Vikram | Pyramid Plus|date=25 September 2021|via=YouTube}}</ref> She married Manu Ranjith, the great-grandson of [[M. Karunanidhi]], on 30 October 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/akshita-manu-ranjith-wedding-vikram-s-daughter-gets-married-karunanidhi-s-great-grandson|title=Akshita-Manu Ranjith wedding: Vikram's daughter gets married to Karunanidhi's great grandson|date=1 November 2017|work=The News Minute|access-date=1 November 2017|archive-date=1 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171101190708/http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/akshita-manu-ranjith-wedding-vikram-s-daughter-gets-married-karunanidhi-s-great-grandson|url-status=live}}</ref> He lives near the beach in [[Besant Nagar]], Chennai and has stated that he would remain based in Chennai regardless of any offers in other language films.<ref name="kanthaint">{{cite web|author=Jyothsna |year=2009 |title=Vikram in a frank chat with behindwoods.com |website=Behindwoods |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.videos.behindwoods.com/videos-q1-09/actor-actress-interview/vikram.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807045813/http://www.videos.behindwoods.com/videos-q1-09/actor-actress-interview/vikram.html |archive-date= 7 August 2011 }}</ref>

Dhruv made his debut with ''[[Adithya Varma]]'' in 2019, the Tamil remake of the Telugu film ''[[Arjun Reddy]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dhruv-vikram-to-head-to-portugal-for-aditya-varma-song-shoot/articleshow/68749205.cms |title=Dhruv Vikram to head to Portugal for 'Aditya Varma' song shoot |date=6 April 2019 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=8 April 2019 |archive-date=8 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408001429/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dhruv-vikram-to-head-to-portugal-for-aditya-varma-song-shoot/articleshow/68749205.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Awards and nominations ==
{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Vikram}}

== Discography ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:20%;"| Title
! scope="col" style="width:5%;"| Year
! scope="col" | Language
! Song(s)
! Composer
! class="unsortable" | Co-singer(s)
! class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Ullaasam]]''
| 1997
| Tamil
| "Valibam Vaazha Sollum"
| [[Karthik Raja]]
| Karthik Raja, [[Prabhu Deva]], [[Ajith Kumar]], [[Maheswari]], [[Shruti Haasan]]
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gaana.com/song/valibam-vaazha-sollum|title=Valibam Vaazha Sollum வாலிபம் வாழ சொல்|work=Gaana|accessdate=2024-09-28}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Sri (2002 film)|Sri]]''
| 2002
| Tamil
| "Yaamirukka Bayamein"
| {{sortname|T. S.|Muralidharan|nolink=1}}
| [[Shankar Mahadevan]], [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="DTD">{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/lf/2002/02/01/stories/2002020100410200.htm | title=Dhil to Dhool | date=1 February 2002 | access-date=1 February 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201154114/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/lf/2002/02/01/stories/2002020100410200.htm | archive-date=1 February 2015 | work=[[The Hindu]] | url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/sing-on/article3021611.ece | title=Sing on... | work=The Hindu | date=26 June 2009 | access-date=1 February 2015 | last=Rangarajan | first=Malathi | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201154658/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/sing-on/article3021611.ece | archive-date=1 February 2015 | url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Gemini (2002 Tamil film)|Gemini]]''
| 2002
| Tamil
| "O Podu"
| [[Bharadwaj (composer)|Bharadwaj]]
| {{sortname|Anuradha|Sriram}}
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/lf/2002/03/31/stories/2002033100270200.htm | title='Gemini' already a hit! | date=31 March 2002 | access-date=1 February 2015 | last=Kamath | first=Sudhish | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201155021/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/lf/2002/03/31/stories/2002033100270200.htm | archive-date=1 February 2015 | work=[[The Hindu]] | url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Kanthaswamy]]'' / ''Mallanna''
| 2009
| Tamil / Telugu
| "Excuse Me" "Ithellam Dupe" / "Ivannee Dupe" "Mambo Mamiya" "Meow Meow"
| [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| [[Suchitra]] Devi Sri Prasad [[Rita (Indian singer)|Rita]] [[Priya Himesh]]
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article355048.ece | title=Vikram a singer too | work=The Hindu | date=15 February 2009 | access-date=1 February 2015 | last=Ashok Kumar | first=S. R. | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201155228/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article355048.ece | archive-date=1 February 2015 | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/article648662.ece | title=Music to the ears | work=The Hindu | date=8 April 2009 | access-date=1 February 2015 | last=Ashok Kumar | first=S. R. | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201155610/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/article648662.ece | archive-date=1 February 2015 | url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Madrasapattinam]]''
| 2010
| Tamil
| "Meghame O Meghame"
| {{sortname|G. V.|Prakash Kumar}}
| {{sortname|M. S.|Viswanathan}}, [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]]
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite news | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Vikram-croons-in-five-voices/articleshow/5658772.cms | title=Vikram croons in five voices! | work=The Times of India | date=9 March 2010 | access-date=1 February 2015 | last=Ramanujam | first=Srinivasa | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201160601/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Vikram-croons-in-five-voices/articleshow/5658772.cms | archive-date=1 February 2015 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Deiva Thirumagal]]'' / ''Nanna''
| 2011
| Tamil / Telugu
| "Kadha Solla Poren" / "Kadha Cheputhane" "Pa Pa Pappa"
| {{sortname|G. V.| Prakash Kumar|nolink=1}}
| Shringa S. Solo
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-deiva-thirumagan/20110420.htm | title=Music Review: Deiva Thirumagan music is touching | work=Rediff.com | date=20 April 2011 | access-date=1 February 2015 | last=Srinivasan | first=Pavithra | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201160751/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-deiva-thirumagan/20110420.htm | archive-date=1 February 2015 | url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Rajapattai]]'' / ''Veedinthe''
| 2011
| Tamil / Telugu
| "Laddu Laddu"
| [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
| [[Suchitra]], [[Priyadarshini (singer)|Priyadarshini]]
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="Pattai">{{cite news | url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/music-review-rajapattai/20111216.htm | title=Music Review: Nothing new about Rajapattai's music | work=Rediff.com | date=16 December 2011 | access-date=1 February 2015 | last=Srinivasan | first=Pavithra | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201161457/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/music-review-rajapattai/20111216.htm | archive-date=1 February 2015 | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web | url=http://play.raaga.com/telugu/album/Veedinthe-songs-A0002842 | title=Veedinthe (2011) | website=[[Raaga.com]] | access-date=1 February 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201162453/http://play.raaga.com/telugu/album/Veedinthe-songs-A0002842 | archive-date=1 February 2015 | url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[David (2013 Tamil film)|David]]''
| 2013
| Tamil
| "Maria Pitache"
| {{sortname|Remo|Fernandes}}
| {{sortname|Remo|Fernandes|nolink=1}}
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite news | url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/david--tamil-music-review-the-soundtrack--boasts-of-trendsetting-music/315811-71-178.html | title=Music Review: David — The soundtrack boasts of trendsetting music | publisher=CNN-News18 | date=15 January 2013 | agency=IANS | access-date=1 February 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130118023939/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/david--tamil-music-review-the-soundtrack--boasts-of-trendsetting-music/315811-71-178.html | archive-date=18 January 2013 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |[[Sketch (2018 film)|''Sketch'']]
| 2018
| Tamil
| "Kannave Kannave"
| {{sortname|S. |Thaman}}
| {{sortname|S.|Thaman|nolink=1}}
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/sketch-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1334069589 |title=Sketch (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) – EP by Thaman S. on Apple Music |date=11 January 2018 |website=[[Apple Music]] |access-date=30 January 2018 |archive-date=30 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130075037/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/sketch-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1334069589 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Saamy Square]]''
| 2018
| Tamil
| "Pudhu Metro Rail"
|[[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| [[Keerthy Suresh]]
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/saamy-square-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1415789917|title=Saamy Square (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) – EP by Devi Sri Prasad on Apple Music|date=24 July 2018|website=[[Apple Music]]|access-date=19 September 2018|archive-date=19 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919132230/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/saamy-square-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1415789917|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Kadaram Kondan]]''
| 2019
| Tamil
| "Theesudar Kuniyuma"
| [[Ghibran]]
| –
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/kadaraam-kondan-makers-release-new-video-song-titled-theesudar-kuniyuma-from-the-chiyan-vikram-starrer/articleshow/70361991.cms|title='Kadaraam Kondan': Makers release new video song titled, 'Theesudar Kuniyuma' from the Chiyan Vikram starrer|date=24 July 2019|website=[[Times of India]]|access-date=3 August 2019|archive-date=14 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814144045/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/kadaraam-kondan-makers-release-new-video-song-titled-theesudar-kuniyuma-from-the-chiyan-vikram-starrer/articleshow/70361991.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"|''[[Thangalaan]]''
| 2024
| Tamil
| "Aruvadai"
| {{sortname|G. V.| Prakash Kumar|nolink=1}}
| Sinduri Vishal, Mathichiyam Bala, Suganthi
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Aug/12/aruvadai-song-from-vikram-pa-ranjiths-thangalaan-out|title='Aruvadai' song from Vikram-Pa Ranjith's Thangalaan out|first=C. E.|last=Features|date=12 August 2024|website=Cinema Express}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Vikram}}
* {{IMDb name|id=1417314|name=Vikram}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes person|id=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/vikram}}

{{National Film Award Best Actor}}
{{Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil}}
{{Tamil Nadu State Award for Best Actor}}
{{SIIMA Award for Best Actor}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vikram}}
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Best Actor National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Indian male voice actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Loyola College, Chennai alumni]]
[[Category:Male actors from Chennai]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kalaimamani Award]]
[[Category:South Indian International Movie Awards winners]]
[[Category:Tamil male actors]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu State Film Awards winners]]
[[Category:Tamil-language playback singers]]
[[Category:University of Madras alumni]]
[[Category:IIFA Utsavam winners]]

Ramesh Chandra (entrepreneur)

2026-02-20T20:37:36Z

Shamimulislam: made basic entry v1

{{Short description|Indian businessman}}
{{for|the singer| Ramesh Chandra (singer)}}
{{mi|
{{Notability|date=February 2026}}
{{BLP sources|date=February 2026}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ramesh Chandra
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1939}}
| birth_place =
| education = [[Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur|IIT Kharagpur]] [[University of Southampton]]<ref name="Forbes Billionaires 2010">
{{cite web
|title= The World's Billionaires: #721 Ramesh Chandra
|url= https://www.forbes.com/profile/ramesh-chandra/
|work= [[Forbes]]
|date= 3 March 2010}}</ref>
| known_for = Founder of [[Unitech Group|Unitech]]
| criminal_status = Jailed in 2016 for [[Cheating]] Arrested by [[Central Bureau of Investigation]]
| spouse = Dr. Pushpa Chandra
| children = 2
| website =
}}

'''Ramesh Chandra''' (born 1939) is the founder of [[India]]n [[Real estate]] company [[Unitech Group|Unitech]].

==Early life and education==
Ramesh Chandra was born in 1941 to a banker, and spent his formative years in [[Farrukhabad]], a town in [[Uttar Pradesh]]. After finishing his schooling there, he joined [[IIT Kharagpur]], where he studied structural engineering.<ref name=tycoon>[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-2733073,prtpage-1.cms Unitech supremo: A reluctant tycoon] ''[[The Economic Times]]'', 26 Jan 2008.</ref>

[[File:Unitech logo.svg|thumb|Logo of [[Unitech Group]].]]

==Career==
After completing a short stint at the Bridge and Roof Company in [[Kolkata]] post his graduation, he left to major in Structural Engineering at the [[University of Southampton]] in [[England]]. However, along with four of his friends, he started the United Technical Consultant Private Ltd., primarily a soil investigation company, in Delhi.<ref name=tycoon/> He used to have a net worth of over $11 billion at his peak in 2007 but fell into trouble after it got embroiled in a telecom corruption scandal.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ramesh Chandra|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/ramesh-chandra/|access-date=2021-05-16|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref>

He moved into real estate and civil engineering in 1985 to build [[middle-class]] homes and completed many prestigious projects in Gurgaon, UP, and Libya, among other Middle Eastern countries. His publicly traded company, the [[Unitech Group]] The company is now largely under the management of two sons — Ajay Chandra and [[Sanjay Chandra]] with the latter being in charge of [[Unitech Wireless]]. In 2011, Sanjay Chandra was implicated in the [[2G spectrum case]] and was arrested by the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]].<ref name=BW>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-06-09/indias-powerful-cant-escape-jail|title=India's Powerful Can't Escape Jail|first=Mehul Srivastava MehulAtLarge|last=Reprints|website=[[Bloomberg News]] |date=9 June 2011 |publisher=}}</ref> Ramesh Chandra was jailed on 11 January 2016 on charges of cheating.<ref name=FE>{{cite web|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/article/industry/companies/unitech-top-bosses-ramesh-chandra-sanjay-chandra-ajay-chandra-minoti-bahriwalk-out-of-jail-after-spending-a-night/192892/|title=Unitech top bosses Ramesh Chandra, Sanjay Chandra, Ajay Chandra, Minoti Bahri walk out of jail after spending a night – The Financial Express|date=12 January 2016|publisher=}}</ref>

==Personal life==
He is married to Pushpa Chandra and has two children — Ajay Chandra and [[Sanjay Chandra]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.unitechgroup.com Unitech Group website]
*[http://www.moneycontrol.com/india/stockpricequote/constructioncontracting-civil/unitech/23/03/U Money Control]
*[https://www.forbes.com/lists/2006/77/biz_06india_Ramesh-Chandra_1VBJ.html Ramesh Chandra]; [[Forbes]]
*[http://www.financialexpress.com/article/industry/companies/unitech-top-bosses-ramesh-chandra-sanjay-chandra-ajay-chandra-minoti-bahriwalk-out-of-jail-after-spending-a-night/192892/ The Financial Express]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chandra, Ramesh}}
[[Category:Indian billionaires]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:IIT Kharagpur alumni]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Delhi]]
[[Category:People from Farrukhabad]]
[[Category:2G spectrum case]]
[[Category:1939 births]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Southampton]]

{{India-business-bio-stub}}

Colonel Mordaunt's Cock Match

2026-02-20T17:07:44Z

Shamimulislam: made new data initial version

{{Short description|Painting by Johann Zoffany}}
{{Infobox Artwork
| image_file=Colonel Mordaunt’s Cock Match.jpg
| image_upright=1.6
| title=Colonel Mordaunts Cock Match
| artist=[[Johan Zoffany]]
| year=1788
| type=[[Oil painting]]
| height_metric=150
| width_metric=104
| metric_unit=cm
| imperial_unit=in
| museum=[[Tate Britain]]
| city=[[London]]
}}

'''''Colonel Mordaunt's Cock Match''''', sometimes called '''''Colonel Mordaunt's Cock Fight''''', is a painting by the German British artist [[Johan Zoffany]], from 1788. It records British colonial life in the Indian court of [[Asaf-Ud-Dowlah]]. The painting was completed in February 1788, four years after the event it records. The painting is part of the [[Tate Britain]] collection. A recent{{when|date=August 2018}} cleaning has revealed the original colours and made more apparent what appears to be an erection visible on the Nawab of Oudh, the central figure.<ref> https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/zoffany-colonel-mordaunts-cock-match-t06856 </ref>

==History==
Zoffany was a German-born painter who had become a successful portrait painter in London. Among his principal patrons were the royal family. [[Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz|Queen Charlotte]] had sent Zoffany to [[Florence]] where he had agreed to paint the [[Tribuna of the Uffizi]]. The agreed price was high and he was paid £300 a year.<ref name=royal>[http://www.royalcollection.org.uk/eGallery/object.asp?object=406983&row=0&detail=about Tribuna of the Uffizi], Royal Collection, accessed April 2010</ref> Zoffany stayed seven years. On his return, he brought for Queen Charlotte the painting of [[Tribuna of the Uffizi (painting)|The Tribuna of the Uffizi]] that included within the body of the Uffizi a number of British residents in Florence. The painting received a cool reception because it included people who were not considered appropriate or desirable. Against advice, Zoffany had included people such as [[Sir Horace Mann, 1st Baronet]], British consul at Florence, and the painter [[Thomas Patch]].<ref name=royal/> Patch had been expelled from Rome for a homosexual act; at this time homosexuality was illegal in the eyes of both the church and the state. One figure who was thought acceptable was [[George Clavering-Cowper, 3rd Earl Cowper|George Nassau Clavering-Cowper, 3rd Earl Cowper]], who is shown on the left of the painting contemplating the aesthetic virtues of the ''[[Niccolini-Cowper Madonna]]'' - which Zoffany eventually sold to him.
[[File:Asif cockfight.jpg|thumb|left|A [[watercolour]] which is thought to also show this cock fight, painted about 1830.<ref name=asif>[http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1700_1799/avadh_early/asifuddaulah/asifuddaulah.html Asif ud-Daulah], Columbia.edu, accessed April 2010</ref>]]
Zoffany had to leave the country as all of his usual commissions were no longer forthcoming. He never again got a royal commission.<ref name=royal/> He had hoped to sail with [[Captain Cook]], but as a second choice he elected to make the long journey to [[Lucknow]]. His fellow painter, [[Ozias Humphrey]], was already painting portraits of the wealthy employees of the [[British East India Company]] and of Indian princes. He may have told Zoffany of the opportunities available in Lucknow.

In Lucknow, Zoffany met the main players at the court. The nominal head of the State of Oudh was [[Asaf-Ud-Dowlah]], although the governor [[Warren Hastings]] was the British representative. He commanded the power of the British East India Company, and it was Hastings who commissioned the painting of the cockmatch by Zoffany.<ref name=art>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20100327213724/http://www.illwa.org/chapter_4.htm Indian Life and Landscapes by Western Artists]}}, Pauline Rohatgi ''et al.'', Chapter 4, accessed April 2010.</ref> In time, Hastings was summoned back to England to face charges of corruption laid by [[Edmund Burke]] which took years to dismiss.{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}}

==Versions==
[[File:JohnzoffanyColonel MordauntAshwick.jpg|thumb|right|The Ashwick version – the original is lost.]]
There are at least two different versions of the painting of the cock match. The two attributed to Zoffany are the Daylesford version (above) and the Ashwick version. Both are clearly the same composition but the Daylesford version contains many more background figures and subtle variations. Different people are included and they are arranged in subtly different ways.<ref name=bio/>

The Daylesford painting was sent back to England when it was complete. There is a story that the painting was lost at sea and recreated later by Zoffany but that is not now thought to be true.<ref name=bio/> However there are other studies of the same subject. About 1790 a [[:File:Key to Cock Match.jpg|key]] was published which identifies many people in the painting.<ref>[[:File:Key to Cock Match.jpg|Key to the painting]]</ref> There is an engraving by [[Richard Earlom]] which is of the Daylesford version. Less well known is a painting from the Indian court which seems to show the same subject matter.<ref name=asif/>

==People in the painting(s)==
Both of Zoffany's versions of the painting show at their centre Asaf-Ud-Dowlah, the Nawab. This man was held in very low regard, but he was the nominal head of state. His favourites included [[Colonel John Mordaunt]] and [[Claude Martin]]. Mordaunt was the illegitimate and nearly illiterate son of the [[Charles Mordaunt, 4th Earl of Peterborough|Earl of Peterborough]]. He had managed to be assigned to Warren Hastings and through him he was appointed head of security. His real role however included organising entertainments.<ref name=bio>[https://archive.org/stream/johnzoffanyrahis00zoffuoft/johnzoffanyrahis00zoffuoft_djvu.txt ''John Zoffany, R.A. His Life and Works : 1735-1810''], accessed April 2010</ref> Mordaunt and his employer were said to have shown the same low tastes in entertainment. Even at that time, cockfighting was not well regarded in British society. Mordaunt had arranged for British birds to be brought to India, where he used them to take on local cockerels.<ref> https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/zoffany-colonel-mordaunts-cock-match-t06856 </ref>

Claude Martin was a Frenchman who had switched sides to the British. Clever and skilful, Martin is shown on the right sitting on a couch. Martin's contemporaries shown in both versions of the painting include the Frenchman [[Antoine Polier]]. Polier made his fortune in Lucknow which he eventually took back to France. He was unlucky enough to arrive in the middle of the [[French Revolution]] and he was stabbed to death at [[Poitiers]] for being a noble. Wombwell (on the right) was the local paymaster.<ref> https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/zoffany-colonel-mordaunts-cock-match-t06856 </ref>

Zoffany is included in the painting, as is Ozias Humphrey, although in the Ashwick version Zoffany is more surreptitious and the figure of Humphrey has been thought to be a Lieutenant Humphrey. Both versions include a scene where a young Moslem boy is being publicly embraced by a Hindu man. A nearby spectator appears to be held back from expressing his indignation. Another detail is the sexual arousal of [[Asaf-Ud-Dowlah]]. This detail is said to be more obvious now that the painting has been cleaned. Some say this may be Warren Hastings' joke to show the [[Nawab of Awadh]] in this way. His homosexuality is well recorded. His favourite, [[Hasan Raza Khan]], is the figure in the red turban who is at the centre of the scene. He is said to have hundreds of wives whom he ignored and he died without children.<ref> https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/zoffany-colonel-mordaunts-cock-match-t06856 </ref>

Claude Martin, in a letter to Ozias Humphrey, made an interesting observation on Colonel Mordaunt's role:
<blockquote>
Colonel Mordaunt is now at the vizier's court, hunting, fighting cocks and doing all he can to please the Nabob in the expectation of being paid the large sums due to him by the Prince... although the Prince has dark and sinister intentions, but I fear much of his success, as the vizier is not much willing to pay his debts particularly to Europeans for what I know of his character I think it such that if one could read in his heart then one would perceive it loaded with many dark and sinister intentions and as you know those that compose his court you then ought to know what man he is. A man that delight in Elephant and Cocks fighting would delight in something worse if he feared nothing.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Nu0j0GFSsDcC&dq=%22vizier%27s%22&pg=PA77 Indian Renaissance: British romantic art and the prospect of India], Hermione De Almeida, George H. Gilpin, 2005, p.77, accessed April 2010</ref>
</blockquote>

==References==
{{Commons category|Colonel Mordaunt's Cock Fight}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Johan Zoffany}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Colonel Mordaunt's Cock Match}}
[[Category:Paintings by Johann Zoffany]]
[[Category:1788 paintings]]
[[Category:Paintings in the Tate galleries]]
[[Category:Genre paintings]]

Farzana (actress)

2026-02-16T15:45:16Z

Shamimulislam: made a post w/ infobox

{{short description|Indian actress, choreographer and model|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Farzana
| image =
| birthname =
| caption = Farzana
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| occupation = [[Actress]], [[choreographer]], [[Model (person)|model]]
| yearsactive = 2006–2009
| spouse =
| domesticpartner =
| children =
| parents =
| website =
| awards =
}}

'''Farzana''' (born '''Farzana Barucha''' in [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India) is an Indian [[actress]], [[Choreography|dance choreographer]], and [[Model (person)|model]]. As an actress, she predominantly worked in [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] films, notable among them being ''[[Bhagyalakshmi Bumper Draw]]'' (2006), ''[[Seema Sastri]]'' (2007), and ''[[Bommana Brothers Chandana Sisters]]'' (2008).

== Early life ==
Farzana is born and brought up in Mumbai in a [[Parsis|Parsi]] family.<ref name="telugucinema1" />

==Career==
Farzana started her career as a professional dancer and choreographer.<ref name="telugucinema1">{{cite web |date=8 December 2006 |title=Star Interviews : Farzana |url=http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/stars/farzana_interview.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616050529/http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/stars/farzana_interview.php |archive-date=16 June 2012 |access-date=17 August 2013 |website=[[Telugucinema.com]] }}</ref> She has done choreography for many fashion shows and albums. As a choreographer, she worked with the stage shows of [[Adnan Sami]]. Her most notable choreography was for the title song of the 2006 [[Sanjay Dutt]] movie ''[[Zinda (film)|Zinda]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/chitchat-farzana.html |title=Farzana interview - chitchat - Telugu film actress |website=Idlebrain.com |date=7 December 2006 |access-date=17 August 2013}}</ref> Later on she became a professional model for brands including Hero Honda, Sansui, Godrej Hair Care, and Big Bazaar.<ref name="telugucinema1"/>

She was spotted by director Nidhi Prasad who signed her for a lead role in his movie ''[[Bhagyalakshmi Bumper Draw]]'' (2006),<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/item-numbers-are-definitely-not-on-my-list/article3204443.ece |title=Item numbers are definitely not on my list |date=12 December 2006 |access-date=8 February 2022 |website=The Hindu}}</ref> which was the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] remake of the [[Bollywood]] comedy film ''[[Malamaal Weekly]]'' (2006) written and directed by [[Priyadarshan]]. Having started a career in a comic movie she was typecast as a [[comedy film]] heroine.

Farzana has played the lead role in movies like ''[[Seema Sastri]]'' (2007), ''[[Bommana Brothers Chandana Sisters]]'' (2008), ''[[Gajibiji]]'' (2008),<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/multi-faceted-farzana/articleshow/3264840.cms |title=Multi-faceted Farzana - Times of India |website=[[The Times of India]]|date=23 July 2008 }}</ref> and ''[[Kuberulu]]'' (2008) all of which were comedy movies. She danced in the movie ''[[Mallepuvvu]]'' (2008) starring [[Muralikrishna]] and [[Bhumika Chawla]].

In 2009 she entered the Tamil film industry and played the lead role in the film ''[[1977 (film)|1977]]'' starring [[Sarath Kumar]] and [[Namitha]].

Farzana is a nutrition expert, and enjoys adventure sports like paragliding, rock climbing and [[bungee jumping]]. She was a trainer for the sportswear company [[Reebok]] International Limited.<ref name="telugucinema1"/>

==Filmography==
*''Note: All films are in Telugu, unless otherwise noted.''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Role
! Notes
|-
|2006
|''[[Bhagyalakshmi Bumper Draw]]''
| Bhagyalakshmi
|
|-
|2007
|''[[Seema Sastri]]''
| Surekha Reddy
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2008
|''[[Bommana Brothers Chandana Sisters]]''
| Siri Chandana
|
|-
|''[[Gajibiji]]''
| Banker
|
|-
|''[[Mallepuvvu]]''
| Herself
|Special appearance
|-
|''[[Kuberulu]]''
| Dr. Kalpana
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2009
|''[[1977 (film)|1977]]''
| Inba
|Tamil film
|-
| ''Soldiers'' || ||
|}

===Choreographer===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Language
! Notes
|-
|2006
|''[[Zinda (film)|Zinda]]''
|[[Hindi]]
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|2395418}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Parsi actresses]]

{{India-film-actor-stub}}

Tim Lawrence (actor)

2026-02-12T03:14:53Z

Shamimulislam: creating new data.

{{Short description|British actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Tim Lawrence
| image =
| caption =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| other_names =
| occupation = Actor
| years_active =
| spouse =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| alma_mater =
| height = 194 cm
}}
'''Tim Lawrence''' is a British actor who acted in [[Bollywood]] films.

==Biography==
Lawrence acted in ''[[I Proud to Be an Indian]]'' which was released in 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/i-proud-to-be-an-indian/movieshow/61339335.cms|title=I Proud To Be An Indian|website=The Times of India|access-date=24 October 2019
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=I- Proud to be an Indian|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/films/bollywood/2003/12/i_proud_to_be_indian_preview.shtml|access-date=24 October 2019|website=BBC
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/i-proud-to-be-an-indian-9578/cast-crew|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024124058/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/i-proud-to-be-an-indian-9578/cast-crew|url-status=live|archive-date=24 October 2019|title=I PROUD TO BE AN INDIAN|access-date=24 October 2019|website=Cinestaan
}}</ref> This film was his debut film in [[Bollywood]]. Later, he acted in ''[[Veer (2010 film)|Veer]]'' which was released in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theasiantoday.com/index.php/2010/01/15/brits-in-bollywood/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024122905/https://www.theasiantoday.com/index.php/2010/01/15/brits-in-bollywood/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=24 October 2019|title=Brits in Bollywood|date=15 January 2010|access-date=24 October 2019|website=The Asian Today
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Sallu-and-I-workout-together/articleshow/4136733.cms|title='Sallu and I workout together'|date=17 February 2010|access-date=24 October 2019|website=The Times of India
}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
!scope="col"| Year
!scope="col"| Film
!scope="col"| Role
!scope="col" class="unsortable"| Notes
|-
| 2004 || ''[[I Proud to Be an Indian]]'' || Cain || Debut film
|-
|2010 || ''[[Veer (2010 film)|Veer]]'' || Fraser ||
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|1444562}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lawrence, Tim}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century British male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

S. P. Varadappa

2026-02-10T03:12:24Z

Shamimulislam: made a article initial version!

{{Short description|Indian film producer and actor}}
{{family name hatnote|Singanalluru|Varadaraj or Varadappa|Indian name|lang=Toponymic}}
{{Indian patronymic|Varadaraj or Varadappa|Puttaswamaiah}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = S. P. Varadappa
| image = S.P.VaradappaImg.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Singanalluru Puttaswamayya Varadaraj
| birth_date = 1935
| birth_place = [[Gajanur, Tamil Nadu|Gajanur]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2006|2|8|1935|df=y}}
| death_place = Bangalore, India
| other_names = Varadappa
| occupation = Film producer, actor
| known_for =
| family = [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]] (brother) Sharadamma (sister)
}}

'''Singanalluru Puttaswamayya Varadaraj''' (also known as '''S. P. Varadappa''',{{efn|"appa" is a respectful term of address for elders in India.}} 1935 – 8 February 2006) was an Indian actor and producer in [[Kannada cinema]]. He produced films such as ''[[Bhootayyana Maga Ayyu]]'' starring [[Lokesh]], and ''Hemavathi'' starring [[Udaykumar]].<ref name="R1">{{cite web |url= http://www.hindu.com/2006/02/09/stories/2006020906140500.htm |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060413181740/http://www.hindu.com/2006/02/09/stories/2006020906140500.htm |url-status= dead |archive-date= 13 April 2006 |title= S.P. Varadaraj passes away |date= 9 February 2006 |quote= S.P. Varadaraj – Varadaraj, popularly known as Varadappa |work= The Hindu |accessdate= 26 March 2012}}</ref>

He was an architect in shaping up Sri Vajreshwari Combines, one of the most successful banners in the Kannada film industry, under which his sister-in-law [[Parvathamma Rajkumar]] produced films starring her husband [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]], and his sons [[Shivrajkumar|Shiv RajKumar]], [[Raghavendra Rajkumar]], and [[Puneeth Rajkumar]].<ref name="R4">{{cite web |url= http://www.hindu.com/fr/2010/12/24/stories/2010122450700100.htm |archive-url= https://archive.today/20130125185158/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2010/12/24/stories/2010122450700100.htm |url-status= dead |archive-date= 25 January 2013 |title= Love is life – |date= 24 December 2010 |quote= Parvathamma followed Rajkumar constantly. Her keen observation, soon gave her the confidence to start Vajreshwari Combines and became the producer of all Rajkumar's films. Recalling her brother-in-law Varadappa who was a big support to her, she says, "Trimurthi was my first film. It was a big success. |work= The Hindu |accessdate= 22 March 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.raj-kumar.com/v/ourproductions.html#fragment-2 |title= Movies Produced – Vajreshwari Combines productions include the following movies |publisher= raj-kumar.com |accessdate= 26 March 2012 }}</ref>

==Biography==
He was born at [[Gajanur, Tamil Nadu|Gajanur]] – situated in the [[Karnataka]]–[[Tamil Nadu]] border – to Singanalluru Puttaswamayya, a theatre-artist, and Lakshmamma as a third child; Rajkumar, a Kannada film icon, is his elder brother while Sharadamma and Nagamma) are his sisters.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.rediff.com/news/2000/aug/07veer1.htm |title= Gajanur prays for their 'hero'|date= 7 August 2000 |publisher= rediff.com |accessdate= 26 March 2012 }}</ref>

He began his career as an actor part of ''Gubbi company'' (drama troupe) along with his father, elder brother – S.P. Muthuraj – popularly known as Rajkumar – and his younger sister. Later, he acted in couple of movies as a child artist in ''Makaranda'' and ''Krishnaleela''. As an adult, he played minor roles in Kannada movies such as ''Sarvagnamoorthy'' released in 1965, ''Satishakti'', and ''Dharma Vijaya'' released in 1959, in which his brother Rajkumar played a lead role. He produced ''Bhootayyana Maga Aiyyu'' and ''Hemavathi'' movies along with his friend – [[Chandulal Jain]].<ref name="R1"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://celebrity.psyphil.com/kannada-actor-rajkumar-movies-dr-rajkumar-films-top-hit-films-best-movie/ |title= Kannada Actor Rajkumar Movies Dr. Rajkumar Films Top Hit Films Best Movie |quote= Dharma Vijaya – Dr Rajkumar, Leelavathi, Narshimaraju, Harini, Varadappa |publisher= celebrity.psyphil.com |accessdate= 26 March 2012 }}</ref><ref name="R3">{{cite web |url= http://www.rediff.com/cms/print.jsp?docpath=/movies/2006/apr/13ms.htm |title= The man who changed Kannada cinema |date= 13 April 2006 |quote= Rajkumar joined his father Singanallur Puttaswamayya and brother Varadappa's (Varadanna as he is called) in performing for a drama troupe |publisher= rediff.com |accessdate= 25 March 2012 }}</ref>

Varadappa[Varadaraj], after the success of [[Bedara Kannappa (film)|Bedara Kannappa]] – starring Rajkumar – he stood behind his brother and his family when they settled in Chennai – then [[Madras]]; He remained a most trusted guide and friend to Rajkumar to the extent of his involvement in selection of stories for home productions – ''Vajreshwari Combines''. It is believed that without the efforts of Varadappa, Kannada filmdom would have missed out a great actor – Rajkumar.<ref name="R1"/><ref name="R4"/><ref name="R3"/> It is said that, he was an integral part of Rajkumar and his family, and was responsible for the success of Rajkumar's films along with his sister-in-law [[Parvathamma Rajkumar]].<ref name="R4"/>

He died at an age of 71 in Bangalore due to heart ailment on 8 February 2006.<ref name="R1"/> An award on his name ''S.P. Varadaraju Awards'' has been instituted to honour the theatre personalities annually.{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}}

==See also==
* [[Rajkumar filmography]]
* [[Kannada films of the 1950s]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/apr/13ms.htm the efforts of his brother Varadaraju, Kannada filmdom might have missed out on a great actor. It is said that Varadaraju's recent death had created a vacuum in Rajkumar's life. Rajkumar joined his father Singanallur Puttaswamayya and brother Varadappa's (Varadanna as he is called) in performing for a drama troupe.]
* [http://our-karnataka.blogspot.in/ DR. RAJKUMAR – Brother : S.P.Varadaraju – Father : Singanallooru Puttaswamayya – Mother : Laxmamma]
* [http://rajkumar-annavaru.blogspot.in/ Biography of Dr. Rajkumar – Annavaru – Family – Rajkumar had a brother S.P.Varadaraju who worked with him in his production company. He also had a sister by name Sharadamma.]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Varadappa, Singanalluru Puttaswamayya}}
[[Category:People from Erode district]]
[[Category:Film producers from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Kannada film producers]]
[[Category:Male actors in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:1935 births]]
[[Category:2006 deaths]]
[[Category:Male actors from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]

A. F. Souza Ferrão

2026-02-09T07:08:25Z

Shamimulislam: made initial info from scratch

{{Short description|Indian actor and playwright (1904–1982)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = A. F. Souza Ferrão
| image = A. F. Souza Ferrão.jpg
| caption = The only surviving portrait of Ferrão
| birth_name = Antonio Francisco Souza Ferrão
| birth_place = [[Camurlim|Ambora]], [[Goa]], [[Portuguese India]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1904|1|5|df=y}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1982|12|4|1904|1|5|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Curchorem]], Goa, India
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|playwright|theatre director|businessman}}
| spouse = Maria Mascarenhas
| children = [[Jack Souza Ferrão]]
| relatives = [[A. R. Souza Ferrão]] (brother)
| notable_works = {{ubl|
* ''[[Amchem Noxib]]'' (1963)
* ''[[Nirmon]]'' (1966)}}
| years_active = 1930s–1960s
}}

'''Antonio Francisco Souza Ferrão''' (5 January 1904 – 4 December 1982), known professionally as '''A. F. Souza Ferrão''', was an Indian actor, playwright, [[theatre director]], and businessman known for his work in [[Konkani cinema|Konkani films]] and ''[[tiatr]]'' productions.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mazarello |first=Wilson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1PAQAAIAAJ |title=100 Years of Konkani Tiatro |date=2000 |publisher=Government of Goa, Directorate of Art & Culture |pages=254 |language=en |access-date=2024-02-29 |archive-date=2024-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107200151/https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1PAQAAIAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Career==
Ferrão, a figure in the realm of [[Goan]] ''[[tiatr]]'' ([[musical theatre]]), remains a relatively enigmatic figure with limited available information. However, insights into his life can be gleaned from [[Konkani language|Konkani]] singer and writer [[Sharon Mazarello]]'s
literary work in the 2019 book, ''Tiatr 125th Anniversary Commemorative Volume''. According to Mazarello, Ferrão's younger brother, [[A. R. Souza Ferrão]], had already established himself as a ''[[tiatrist]]'', primarily known for his acting and playwriting. Together, the brothers formed the Jolly Brothers Dramatic Club, a [[Theatrical troupe|theatrical group]] that included the Banda Nacional band, as well as young Goan performers. The members of this group included Miss Julie, a [[Drag queen|female impersonator]], Vincent Rod, Luis Rod, singer and composer [[Minguel Rod]], actors Vaz de Pilerne and [[Jacinto Vaz]], playwright [[Kid Boxer]] and Romaldo D'Souza.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Mazarello |first=Sharon |title=TIATR 125th Anniversary Commemorative Volume |publisher=[[Tiatr Academy of Goa]] |year=2019 |location=[[Panaji, Goa]] |pages=66–67}}</ref>

[[File:Cavelchi Sundori (The Belle of Cavel), 1943.png|thumb]]
Under the banner of the Jolly Brothers Dramatic Club, Ferrão and his brother collaborated on writing and staging ''tiatrs'', a distinctive form of Goan musical theatre. These productions were performed in both [[Goa]] (then part of [[Portuguese India]] in the [[Portuguese Empire]]) and [[Bombay]] (now Mumbai, then part of [[British India]]). Ferrão was regarded as a skilled actor and had the opportunity to perform in ''tiatrs'' by ''tiatrist'' João Agostinho Fernandes, also known as [[Pai Tiatrist]] ({{translation|father of ''tiatr''}}). Some of Ferrão' performances includes his roles in ''Cavelchi Sundori'' (''[[The Belle of Cavel]]''), a ''tiatr'' by Fernandes, and Minguel Rod's ''Ghorchem Kestaum'' (Family Feud), among others. Ferrão's commanding presence and tall stature often led him to be cast as a ''bhattkar'' ({{Translation|[[landlord]]}}) in ''tiatrs''.<ref name=":0" />

Ferrão also wrote and staged his own ''[[tiatr]]'' called ''Mojea Bhava'' (My Brother). Ferrão shared a close association with the [[Konkani language|Konkani]] singer and writer [[Kid Boxer]], and the two embarked on a six-month tour to [[Lourenço Marques]], which was then part of [[Portuguese Mozambique]] (now Maputo, Mozambique). After returning in 1963, ''Mojea Bhava'' was restaged with the participation of [[Goan]] artists involved in the ''tiatr'' scene. In addition to his contributions to live theatre, Ferrão made [[cameo appearance]]s in two [[Konkani cinema|Konkani films]], ''[[Amchem Noxib]]'' (1963) and ''[[Nirmon]]'' (1966).<ref name=":0" />

==Personal life==
Antonio Francisco Souza Ferrão was born on 5 January 1904, in [[Camurlim|Ambora]], [[Goa]], a region that was part of [[Portuguese India]] during the [[Portuguese Empire]] and is now located in India. His parents were Joaquim Mariano Souza Ferrão ([[né]] Souza) and Maria Cecilia Ferrão. Ferrão had a younger brother named [[A. R. Souza Ferrão|Augusto]], who had already established himself as an actor and playwright in the [[Tiatr|Konkani theater]]. Ferrão resided primarily in the [[census town]] of [[Sanvordem]], where he managed his business ventures, including Casa Souza Ferrão and Sofar Sons Engineering. He demonstrated linguistic proficiency by acquiring fluency in [[trilingual|three languages]]: English, Portuguese, and his native language, [[Konkani language|Konkani]], which he studied during his schooling. Ferrão entered into matrimony with Maria Consescao Mascarenhas, and their union resulted in the birth of a son named [[Jack Souza Ferrão|Joaquim]], who, like his father, made contributions to the [[Tiatr|Konkani stage]] as an actor and singer.<ref name=":0" /> On 4 December 1982, Ferrão died at the age of 78, in the [[Ward (electoral subdivision)|ward]] of Morailem in [[Curchorem]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 December 2013 |title=Directorate of planning, statistics and evaluation and office of the chief registrar of births and deaths |url=https://rbd.goa.gov.in/Certificate/DeathCertificate.aspx#aSearch |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240123154022/https://rbd.goa.gov.in/ErrorPage/500.htm?aspxerrorpath=/Certificate/DeathCertificate.aspx#aSearch |archive-date=23 January 2024 |access-date=29 December 2023 |website=Goa Online}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
!Ref
|-
|1963
|''[[Amchem Noxib]]''
|Cameo role
|
|rowspan="2"|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|1966
|''[[Nirmon]]''
|Cameo role
|
|}

==Selected stage works==
===''Tiatrs''===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
!Ref
|-
|1930s/1940s
|''Cavelchi Sundori''
|Unnamed role
|
|<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Fernandes |first=André Rafael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vKAbygAACAAJ |title=When the Curtains Rise--: Understanding Goa's Vibrant Konkani Theatre |date=2010 |publisher=Tiatr Academy of Goa |isbn=978-93-80739-01-4 |pages=116 |language=en |access-date=2024-02-29 |archive-date=2023-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231126045216/https://books.google.com/books?id=vKAbygAACAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|
|''Ghorchem Kestaum''
|Unnamed role
|
|rowspan="2"|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|
|''Mojea Bhava''
|Writer/director
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Souza Ferrão, A. R.}}
[[Category:1904 births]]
[[Category:1982 deaths]]
[[Category:Tiatrists]]
[[Category:Writers from South Goa district]]
[[Category:Actors from South Goa district]]

Dinakar Mashnu Salunke

2026-02-07T18:49:01Z

Shamimulislam: made initial entry w/ infobox!

{{short description|Indian immunologist and structural biologist}}
{{independent sources|date=December 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Dinakar M. Salunke
| image = Dinakar M. Salunke.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Belgaum]], [[Karnataka]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| citizenship =
| field = [[Biological Sciences]]
| work_institution = [[International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology]], [[Regional Centre for Biotechnology]], National Institute of Immunology (NII)
| alma_mater = [[Indian Institute of Science]]
| doctoral_advisor = Prof. M. Vijayan
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = [[Immunology]] and [[Structural biology]]
| author_abbrev_bot =
| author_abbrev_zoo =
| influences =
| influenced =
| prizes = [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]](2000)
| footnotes =
| signature =
}}

'''Dinakar Masanu Salunke''' is an immunologist and structural biologist.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dr. Dinkar M. Salunke, Immunologist at National Institute of Immunology, Delhi|url=http://www.nii.res.in/faculty-06/DSalunke.htm|access-date=29 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061022051507/http://www.nii.res.in/faculty-06/DSalunke.htm|archive-date=22 October 2006|url-status=dead}}</ref> Presently, he is the Director of [[International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology]] (ICGEB) New Delhi. Earlier he was the Executive Director<ref>{{cite web|title=Dr. Dinkar M. Salunke, Executive Director, Regional Centre for Biotechnology|url=http://www.rcb.res.in/dmsalunke.html|access-date=29 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120145843/http://rcb.res.in/dmsalunke.html|archive-date=20 November 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> of newly established [[Regional Centre for Biotechnology]] (RCB), an institution jointly set up by [[Department of Biotechnology]] (India) and [[UNESCO]] at [[Faridabad]]. He is the recipient of [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]] in the category of biological sciences (year 2000) and Fellow of all major science academies in India.

==Education and personal life==
Salunke was born and brought up at [[Belgaum]], [[Karnataka]], India. He earned his [[B.Sc.]] in [[Physics]], [[Mathematics]] and [[Statistics]] (1976), and [[M.Sc.]] in Physics (1978) from [[Karnataka University]], [[Dharwad]]. After completion of his M.Sc. with first class distinction, he joined Prof. M. Vijayan for his Ph.D.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dr. Dinkar M. Salunke, Alumni of Prof. M. Vijayan Lab, MBU, IISc, Bangalore|url=http://mbu.iisc.ernet.in/~mv/mv_students.html|access-date=1 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324131835/http://mbu.iisc.ernet.in/~mv/mv_students.html|archive-date=24 March 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> degree at Molecular Biophysics Unit, [[Indian Institute of Science]], [[Bangalore]]. He did his [[postdoctoral research]] at [[Brandeis University]], [[Waltham, Massachusetts]], United States (year 1985–88).

Salunke is married to Madhuri and the couple has one daughter. They live in Delhi.

==Professional career==
Salunke joined the National Institute of Immunology (NII), [[Delhi]] in 1988 as a staff scientist and worked there until 2015<ref>{{cite web|title=Dr. Dinkar M. Salunke, Scientist, NII, Delhi|url=http://202.54.226.233/jsp/faculty.jsp|access-date=29 December 2011|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120708025722/http://202.54.226.233/jsp/faculty.jsp|archive-date=8 July 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> at (NII), Delhi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www1.nii.res.in/people/scientific-staff-core-infrastructure-scientists|title=Scientific Staff (Core & Infrastructure Scientists)|publisher=National Institute of Immunology|access-date=29 November 2013|archive-date=13 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513143231/http://www1.nii.res.in/people/scientific-staff-core-infrastructure-scientists|url-status=dead}}</ref> From Nov 2015 onwards, Dr. Salunke nurtured the [[International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology]] as its first director. Previously, he headed the newly established [[Regional Centre for Biotechnology]], an institution of education, training and research, as its first executive director (years 2010–2015). He has also served as the executive director of the Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Delhi (years 2010–2011).
For more than 3 decades, he has extensively worked in the field of immunology involving structural biology of [[immune recognition]], [[molecular mimicry]] and [[allergy]].

==Awards and recognitions==
Salunke has been awarded [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]] (Category –Biological Sciences,<ref>{{cite web|title=Dr. Dinkar M. Salunke, recipient of S.S. Bhatnagar Award, year 2000|url=http://www.nii.res.in/faculty-06/DSalunke.htm|access-date=29 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061022051507/http://www.nii.res.in/faculty-06/DSalunke.htm|archive-date=22 October 2006|url-status=dead}}</ref> Year 2000) from [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] (CSIR). He is fellow<ref>{{cite web|title=Dr. Dinkar M. Salunke, Fellow of science academies in India|url=http://www.nii.res.in/~dinakar/|access-date=29 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227062017/http://www.nii.res.in/~dinakar/|archive-date=27 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> of all the 3 major science academies in India e.g. [[Indian Academy of Sciences]] (IAS), Bangalore; [[Indian National Science Academy]] (INSA), Delhi; [[National Academy of Sciences, India]] (NASI), Allahabad. He was recently elected as Fellow of The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS).

Other achievements include the [[G.N. Ramachandran|GN Ramachandran]] Gold Medal for Excellence in Biological Science & Technology from [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India]] (2011) <ref>{{cite web|title=Dr. Dinakar M. Salunke, recipient of GN Ramachandran Gold Medal for Excellency in Biological sciences and Technology|url=http://www.rcb.res.in/news_g_n_ramachandran.html|access-date=29 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110921004450/http://www.rcb.res.in/news_g_n_ramachandran.html|archive-date=21 September 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{SSBPST recipients in Biological Science}}
{{Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Laureates of Karnataka}}
{{N-BIOS Laureates 1999–2009}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Salunke, Dinakar Mashnu}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Scientists from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]]
[[Category:Indian Institute of Science alumni]]
[[Category:Indian immunologists]]
[[Category:People from Belgaum]]
[[Category:N-BIOS Prize recipients]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian biologists]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Biological Science]]

Kurwai tehsil

2026-02-06T13:58:45Z

Shamimulislam: Starting new data

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kurwai tehsil
|native_name =
|native_name_lang =
|settlement_type = [[Tehsil]]
|image_skyline =
|imagesize =
|image_alt =
|image_caption =
| image =

|pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh#India
|pushpin_label_position = right
|pushpin_map_alt =
|pushpin_mapsize =
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Madhya Pradesh]]
|coordinates = {{coord|24|7|2|N|78|2|18|E|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates_footnotes = 
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{flagcountry|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = Madhya Pradesh
| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Vidisha district]]
|government_type = [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|Janpad Panchayat]]
|governing_body = [[Council]]

|area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
|area_rural_footnotes =
| area_rural_km2 =
|area_rank =
| area_blank1_title =
| area_blank1_km2 =
|area_note =
|width_mi =
|elevation_min_rank =

|population_as_of =
|population_footnotes =
|population_total =

| population_density_km2 =
|population_density_sq_mi=
|population_urban_footnotes =
|population_urban =
| population_density_urban_km2 =
|population_density_urban_sq_mi =
|population_rural_footnotes =
|population_rural =
| population_density_rural_km2 =
|population_density_rural_sq_mi =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]

| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30

|postal_code_type = Postal code (PIN)
|postal_code =
|area_code_type = 
|area_code =
| geocode =
|registration_plate =

| blank_name_sec1 =
| blank_info_sec1 =
| blank1_name_sec1 =
| blank1_info_sec1 =

| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =

| website = 
|iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|MP-IN]]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Kurwai tehsil''' is a [[tehsil]] in [[Vidisha district]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], India, and a subdivision of the administrative and revenue division of [[Vidisha district]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref>

==Demographics==

{{Empty section|date=August 2022}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Tehsils of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Sehore district]]

{{Bhopal-geo-stub}}

Anjan Choudhury

2026-02-06T05:38:02Z

Shamimulislam: Content refined for better accuracy

{{Short description|Indian film director}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Anjan Choudhury
| image = Anjan Choudhury.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date |1944|11|25|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Calcutta]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2007|02|21|1944|11|25|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| other_names =
| known_for =
| occupation = Film director, screenplay writer
| spouse = Jaysree Choudhury
}}

'''Anjan Choudhury''' (25 November 1944 – 21 February 2007) was an Indian film director, writer and screenplay writer who worked in the [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali cinema]] of [[West Bengal]]. He had two daughters and one son. The daughters [[Chumki Chowdhury]] (elder) and [[Rina Choudhury]] became actresses. His son Sandip Choudhury was a T.V. serial and film director. He died on 3 January 2023. His elder son-in-law is named Sajal. His daughter-in-law Bidisha Choudhury is also a film actress.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.screenindia.com/old/20010309/reins.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090604032617/http://www.screenindia.com/old/20010309/reins.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 June 2009|title=Screen -The Business of Entertainment|publisher=www.[[screenindia.com]]|access-date=2009-02-19}}</ref><ref>{{citation|url=http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=223724|title=Anjan Chowdhury dead; family alleges medical negligence|publisher=cities.[[expressindia.com]]|access-date=2009-02-19}}{{dead link|date=February 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-11-28/news-interviews/27220237_1_new-film-rituparna-sengupta-tapas-paul|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023071515/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-11-28/news-interviews/27220237_1_new-film-rituparna-sengupta-tapas-paul|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-10-23|title=Anjan Choudhury launches film about rural youth|access-date=2009-02-19|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=2001-11-28}}</ref> He made Evergreen movies like ''Satru'', ''[[Jibon Niye Khela]]'' and ''[[Choto Bou]]''.

==Film career==
He started his journey as a journalist and Writer for his Film magazine.

==Filmography==

=== As director ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Films
!Director
!Story
!Screenplay
!Dialogues
|-
|1984
|''[[Shatru (1984 film)|Shatru]]''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |1987
|''Bidrohi''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|-
|''[[Guru Dakshina (1987 film)|Guru Dakshina]]''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |1988
|''[[Choto Bou|Chhoto Bou]]''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|-
|''Anjali''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |1990
|''Hirak Jayanti''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|-
|''Mahajan''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|-
|1991
|''Bidhilipi''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|-
|1992
|''Indrajit''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|-
|1993
|''Maya Mamata''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|-
|1994
|''Abbajan''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |1996
|''Naach Nagini Naach Re''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|-
|''[[Mukhyamantri (film)|Mukhyamantri]]''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |1999
|''[[Santan (1999 film)|Santan]]''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|-
|''Gunda''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|-
|''[[Jibon Niye Khela]]''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |2002
|''Bangali Babu''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|-
|''Chandra Mallika''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|-
|2003
|''Sejo Bou''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|-
|2007
|''Deshdrohi'' (shelved)
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|}

=== As writer ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Films
!Story
!Screenplay
!Dialogues
!Notes
|-
|1977
|''Teer Bhanga Dheu''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
|1981
|''Bodhan''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
|1982
|''Shathe Shathyang''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |1984
|''Dadamoni''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
|''Prayashchitta''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
|''Laal Golap''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
|1985
|''Sandhya Pradip''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |1986
|''Swargashukh''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
|''Anurager Chhowan''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
|''Abhiman''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
|''Abhishaap''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
|''Bouma''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
|''[[Shatru (1986 film)|Shatru]]''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{No}}
|Hindi debut; Remake of ''[[Shatru (1984 film)|Shatru]]''
|-
| rowspan="2" |1987
|''Mahamilan''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
|''[[Amar Sangi|Amar Sangee]]''
|{{No}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
|1988
|''Debibaran''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |1989
|''Shawtorupa''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
|''Aakrosh''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
|''[[Mangaldeep|Mangal Deep]]''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
|''Bandini''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
|''[[Hum Intezaar Karenge]]''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|Hindi film
|-
|1990
|''Debota''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |1991
|''Ahankar''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
|''Bourani''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
|''Abhagini''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
|''Nabab''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1992
|''Ananya''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
|''Bahadur''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1993
|''[[Shraddhanjali]]''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
|''Ishwar Parameshwar''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1994
|''Geet Sangeet''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
|''[[Chhoti Bahoo]]''
|{{Yes}}
|{{No}}
|{{No}}
|Hindi film; Remake of ''[[Chhoto Bou]]''
|-
| rowspan="2" |1995
|''[[Sangharsha (1995 film)|Sangharsha]]''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
|''Mejo Bou''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1996
|''Puja''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
|''Mahan''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |1997
|''Sriman Bhootnath''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
|''Bidroho''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
|''Loafer''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
|''Boro Bou''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
|''Aajker Santan''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1998
|''Chowdhury Paribaar''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
|''Asal Nakal''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |1999
|''Sundar Bou''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
|''Niyoti''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
|''Sindoor Khela''
|{{No}}
|{{No}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
|2001
|''[[Pratibad]]''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
|2003
|''[[Santrash]]''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2004
|''[[Ram Laxman (film)|Ram Laxman]]''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
|''Devdoot''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
|2006
|''[[Akai Aaksho|Ekai Aksho]]''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2007
|''[[Nawab Nandini|Nabab Nandini]]''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
|''[[Tulkalam]]''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|}

=== As editor ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Editor
|-
|''Sriman Bhootnath''
|{{Yes}}
|}

== Awards ==
* Kalakar Awards<ref name="Kalakar award winners">{{cite web|title=Kalakar award winners |url=http://kalakarawards.co/images/listofawardees.pdf |publisher=Kalakar website |access-date=16 October 2012 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425155216/http://kalakarawards.co/images/listofawardees.pdf |archive-date=25 April 2012 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|1125552}}

{{Anjan Choudhury}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Choudhury, Anjan}}
[[Category:Film directors from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Bengali film directors]]
[[Category:1944 births]]
[[Category:2007 deaths]]
[[Category:Kalakar Awards winners]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian screenwriters]]

{{India-film-director-stub}}

Aniket Thakar

2026-02-05T02:28:27Z

Shamimulislam: made new article from scratch

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}

'''Aniket Girishbhai Thakar ('''born 1971)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Aniket Girishbhai Thaker(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- PALANPUR(BANASKANTHA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://myneta.info/Gujarat2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=5935 |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Gujarat]]. He is a member of the [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]] from [[Palanpur Assembly constituency]] in [[Banaskantha district]]. He won the [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]] representing [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-08 |title=Gujarat election result 2022: Full list of winning candidates of BJP, Congress - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/politics/gujarat-election-result-2022-full-list-of-winning-candidates-from-bjp-congress-aap-15361691.htm |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-12-08 |title=Gujarat election results 2022: Full list of BJP winners |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-election/gujarat-election-results-2022-bjp-winners-list-ghatlodia-morbi-rajkot-west-gandhinagar-north-ahmedabad-porbandar-kutiyana-anand-chhota-udaipur-bharuch-godhra-bhupendra-patel-hardik-patel-101670467963305.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240406030657/https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-election/gujarat-election-results-2022-bjp-winners-list-ghatlodia-morbi-rajkot-west-gandhinagar-north-ahmedabad-porbandar-kutiyana-anand-chhota-udaipur-bharuch-godhra-bhupendra-patel-hardik-patel-101670467963305.html |archive-date=2024-04-06 |access-date=2025-01-06 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-22 |title=Gujarat Elections 2022: Full list of BJP candidates and constituencies |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/gujarat-assembly-polls-2022/story/gujarat-elections-2022-full-list-of-bjp-candidates-constituencies-2299749-2022-11-22 |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Thakar is from [[Palanpur]], Banaskantha district, Gujarat. He is the son of Girishbhai Thaker. He completed his B.Com. in 1991 at a college affiliated with [[Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University]], [[Patan, Gujarat|Patan]]. He is a businessman while his wife is a private employee.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Thakar won from Palanpur Assembly constituency representing Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-10 |title=BJP candidate list Gujarat 2022, Gujarat Election BJP candidate list 2022 - Full list of BJP candidates and their constituencies {{!}} Gujarat Election date 2022 results |url=https://www.zeebiz.com/india/news-bjp-candidate-list-gujarat-2022-gujarat-election-bjp-candidate-list-2022-full-list-of-bjp-candidates-and-their-constituencies-gujarat-election-date-2022-results-207187 |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=Zee Business |language=en}}</ref> He polled 95.588 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Mahesh Patel of the [[Indian National Congress]], by a margin of 26,980 votes.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mukhopadhyay |first=Sounak |date=2022-12-08 |title=Gujarat Election Result 2022 winners’ list: BJP triumphs in state again {{!}} Today News |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/gujarat-election-result-2022-winners-list-complete-constituency-wise-updates-11670466145194.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250103163316/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/gujarat-election-result-2022-winners-list-complete-constituency-wise-updates-11670466145194.html |archive-date=2025-01-03 |access-date=2025-01-06 |work=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-11-10 |title=Gujarat elections 2022: BJP declares list of candidates on 160 seats, names for another 5 seats likely today |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/gujarat/news/gujarat-elections-2022-bjp-declares-list-of-candidates-on-160-seats-names-for-another-5-seats-likely-today/articleshow/95422752.cms |access-date=2025-01-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He garnered a vote share of 52.93 per cent against 37.99 by his opponent Patel.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenDec2022/ConstituencywiseS0612.htm?ac=12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205165335/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenDec2022/ConstituencywiseS0612.htm?ac=12 |archive-date=2023-02-05 |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=results.eci.gov.in}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thakar, Aniket}}
[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:People from Banaskantha district]]

Munna Bhai

2026-01-29T13:21:25Z

Shamimulislam: minor cleanup

{{short description|Fictional character created by Rajkumar Hirani}}
{{Multi issues|
{{Mscn|date=January 2026}}
{{Notability|date=January 2026}}
{{All plot|date=January 2026}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox character
| full_name = Murli Prasad Sharma
| name = Munna Bhai
| image = Munna Bhai.jpg
| caption = Portrayed by
[[Sanjay Dutt]]
| series = [[Munna Bhai (film series)|Munnabhai series]]
| first = ''[[Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.]]''
| last = ''[[Lage Raho Munna Bhai]]''
| creator = [[Rajkumar Hirani]]
| portrayer = [[Sanjay Dutt]]
| religion = [[Hindu]]
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| gender = [[Male]]
| occupation = Organized crime Fake medical student ([[Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.|1st film]]) Fake professor ([[Lage Raho Munna Bhai|2nd film]])
| title = Munna Bhai
| family = Shri Hari Prasad Sharma (father) Parvati Sharma (mother) Sarkeshwar "Circuit" (friend)
| spouse = Dr. Suman "Chinki" Asthana (1st film) Janvi (2nd film)
| children = 2, with Suman (1st film)
}}

'''Murli Prasad Sharma''', better known as '''Munna Bhai''', is an Indian fictional character who appears in the [[Munna Bhai (film series)|''Munna Bhai'' film series]]. The character is created by [[Rajkumar Hirani]] and portrayed by [[Sanjay Dutt]].

==Films overview==
{{main|Munna Bhai (film series)}}
Murli Prasad Sharma (portrayed by [[Sanjay Dutt]]) is a leader in the [[Mumbai underworld]]. His [[nickname]] ''Munna Bhai'' has a [[Double entendre|double meaning]]; ''bhai'' literally means [brother], but in [[Mumbai]] [[slang]] it has also come to mean a hoodlum.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sacredgames.typepad.com/glossary/b/index.html |title=Bhai: Sacred Games |access-date=20 July 2007 |archive-date=8 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070708145241/http://sacredgames.typepad.com/glossary/b/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> His sidekick is Circuit (portrayed by [[Arshad Warsi]]). They both speak in [[Bombay Hindi|Bambaiya Hindi]], a [[dialect]] specific to [[Mumbai]], India.

===''Munnabhai M.B.B.S.''===
{{Main|Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.}}
Munna Bhai was first introduced in the 2003 film ''[[Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.]]'' which involves his adventures as a [[wikt:faux|faux]] medical student, who finally tells the truth about himself and learns to help people along the way.

===''Lage Raho Munna Bhai''===
{{Main|Lage Raho Munna Bhai}}
In the second movie, ''[[Lage Raho Munna Bhai]]'', Munna Bhai becomes a faux professor. He begins to have visions of [[Mahatma Gandhi]] who persuades him to stop pretending he is a professor and teaches him to help other people solve their problems through [[Gandhism]], which Munna Bhai terms ''[[Gandhigiri]]''.<ref name=rediff010906>{{Cite news| url=http://in.rediff.com/movies/2006/sep/01hirani1.htm| title=Munna and Circuit are divine fools'| work=rediff.com| publisher=Rediff.com India Limited| date=1 September 2006| access-date=2007-01-18| archive-date=9 February 2007| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070209231237/http://in.rediff.com/movies/2006/sep/01hirani1.htm| url-status=live}}</ref>

==TV commercials==
A television commercial named "Munna Bhai fight against dengue" made by the [[Minister of Health and Family Welfare (India)]] in 2016 features 'Munna Bhai' and 'Circuit'. It was made to create awareness of [[dengue fever]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-05-19 |title=Mumbai emergency rom: Ahead of monsoon, Centre’s mobile app to help curb dengue |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-emergency-rom-ahead-of-monsoon-centres-mobile-app-to-help-curb-dengue-2807801/ |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=30 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730003840/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-emergency-rom-ahead-of-monsoon-centres-mobile-app-to-help-curb-dengue-2807801/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Dutt reprised his role of Munna Bhai in several Acko commercials.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-26 |title=Why did Acko bring Munna Bhai and Circuit back to life? |url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/advertising/why-did-acko-bring-munna-bhai-and-circuit-back-to-life |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=afaqs! |archive-date=6 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006143339/https://www.afaqs.com/news/advertising/why-did-acko-bring-munna-bhai-and-circuit-back-to-life |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Popularity==
The character Munna Bhai was counted as one of top 20 fictional characters in Bollywood.<ref>[http://movies.ndtv.com/photos/indian-cinema-100-bollywood-s-20-best-characters-15056/slide/3 Indian cinema@100: Bollywood's 20 best characters - NDTV] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620101214/http://movies.ndtv.com/photos/indian-cinema-100-bollywood-s-20-best-characters-15056/slide/3 |date=20 June 2018 }}. [[NDTV]]. Retrieved July 14, 2014</ref> The film ''[[Lage Raho Munna Bhai]]'' popularised the term [[Gandhigiri]].<ref name=gandhighiri2009>{{Cite news| first=Harjeet Kaur| last=Allagh| url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2009013153790300.htm&date=2009/01/31/&prd=mp&| title=Bole tho... Gandhigiri| work=The Hindu| date=31 January 2009| access-date=2009-03-02| archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103035732/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2009013153790300.htm&date=2009/01/31/&prd=mp&| archive-date=3 January 2013| url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref name=mridulatoi060929>{{Cite news| first=Mridula| last=Chunduri| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/-Gandhigiri-a-cool-way-to-live/articleshow/2038291.cms| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017170830/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-09-29/hyderabad/27786386_1_gandhigiri-gandhi-jayanti-gandhiji| url-status=live| archive-date=17 October 2012| title= Gandhigiri, a cool way to live| date=29 September 2006| work=[[The Times of India]]| access-date=2006-09-29}}</ref><ref name=Sharmaboston>{{Cite news| first=Swati Gauri| last=Sharma| url=http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2006/10/13/how_gandhi_got_his_mojo_back/| title=How Gandhi got his mojo back| work=boston.com| publisher=The New York Times Company| date=13 October 2006| access-date=2006-10-13| archive-date=26 October 2006| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061026122053/http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2006/10/13/how_gandhi_got_his_mojo_back/| url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Laxman Gole]] a contemporary Indian [[Gandhian]] who has been described as the real-life Munnabhai.<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Zeeshan |last1=Shaikh |location=Nashik |date=January 9, 2008 |title=Real-life Munnabhai, in Nashik jail |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/real-life-munnabhai-in-nashik-jail/story-m6j9FHTmH0W3oDS4o40pgP.html |quote=The 30-year-old once had 19 cases of assault and extortion against him. He now swears by non-violence. The transformation, much like the character of Sanjay Dutt in the blockbuster movie Lage Raho Munnabhai, is thanks to Mahatma Gandhi. |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=2016-02-14 |archive-date=18 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218154628/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/real-life-munnabhai-in-nashik-jail/story-m6j9FHTmH0W3oDS4o40pgP.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0022401/ Murliprasad 'Munna Bhai' Sharma] at ''[[Internet Movie Database]]''
{{The Munna Bhai series}}

[[Category:Indian film characters]]
[[Category:Fictional Indian people]]
[[Category:Film characters introduced in 2003]]
[[Category:Fictional con artists]]
[[Category:Fictional gangsters]]
[[Category:Sanjay Dutt]]
[[Category:Fictional characters from the 21st century]]

Goasafat

2026-01-25T17:40:33Z

Shamimulislam: cleanup

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2013}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Goasafat
| other_name = Garsafat
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Census Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.24921|N|87.79546|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Purba Medinipur district|Purba Medinipur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 1.12
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 6,597
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 721629
| registration_plate = WB
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Tamluk (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tamluk]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Moyna (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Moyna]]
| website = {{URL|purbamedinipur.gov.in/}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-WB]]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Goasafat''' (also referred as Garsafat) is a [[census town]] in [[Moyna (community development block)|Moyna]] CD Block in [[Purba Medinipur district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=320| height=350| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|22|17|0|N|87|47|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities and towns in Tamluk subdivision of Purba Medinipur district''' M: municipal city/ town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, H: historical/ religious centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|22|18|0|N|87|55|12|E}} | label-pos1=left|label1=Tamluk | numbered1=M| mark-title1= [[Tamluk]] (M)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=13| mark-size1=13|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#800000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|22|24|35|N|87|42|0|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2=Panskura| numbered2=M| mark-title2= [[Panskura]] (M)
|mark-coord3={{coord|22|26|5|N|87|52|12|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3=Kolaghat | numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[Kolaghat]] (CT)|shape-color3=#C40000
|mark-coord4={{coord|22|25|20|N|87|53|35|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4=Amalhara | numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Amalhara]] (CT)|shape-color4=#C40000
|mark-coord5={{coord|22|26|20|N|87|50|37|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5=Mihitikri | numbered5=CT| mark-title5= [[Mihitikri]] (CT)|shape-color5=#C40000
|mark-coord6={{coord|22|25|20|N|87|51|4|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6=Kharisha | numbered6=CT| mark-title6= [[Kharisha]] (CT)|shape-color6=#C40000
|mark-coord7={{coord|22|24|30|N|87|52|42|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7=Kakdihi | numbered7=CT| mark-title7= [[Kakdihi]] (CT)|shape-color7=#C40000
|mark-coord8={{coord|22|23|40|N|87|52|7|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8=Shantipur | numbered8=CT| mark-title8= [[Shantipur, Purba Medinipur]] (CT)|shape-color8=#C40000
|mark-coord9={{coord|22|19|30|N|87|48|50|E}} | label-pos9=left|label9=Anantapur | numbered9=CT| mark-title9= [[Anantapur, Purba Medinipur]] (CT)|shape-color9=#C40000
|mark-coord10={{coord|22|19|12|N|87|49|48|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10=Dakshin Baguan | numbered10=CT| mark-title10= [[Dakshin Baguan]] (CT)|shape-color10=#C40000
|mark-coord11={{coord|22|14|57|N|87|47|43|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11=Goasafat | numbered11=CT| mark-title11= Goasafat (CT)|shape-color11=black| label-size11=13|label-color11=black 
|mark-coord12={{coord|22|7|30|N|87|48|43|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12=Kotbar | numbered12=CT| mark-title12= [[Kotbar]] (CT)|shape-color12=#C40000
|mark-coord13={{coord|22|5|10|N|87|52|19|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13=Erashal | numbered13=CT| mark-title13= [[Erashal]] (CT)|shape-color13=#C40000
|mark-coord14={{coord|22|22|45|N|87|52|41|E}} | label-pos14=left|label14= Chatara| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Chatara]] (R)|shape-color14=#C40000
|mark-coord15={{coord|22|28|5|N|87|41|14|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15= Shyamsundarpur Patna| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[Shyamsundarpur Patna]] (R)|shape-color15=#C40000
|mark-coord16={{coord|22|25|28|N|87|44|21|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16= Uttar Mechogram| numbered16=R| mark-title16= [[Uttar Mechogram]] (R)|shape-color16=#C40000
|mark-coord17={{coord|22|21|38|N|87|53|30|E}} | label-pos17=left|label17= Janu Basan| numbered17=R| mark-title17= [[Janu Basan]] (R)|shape-color17=#C40000
|mark-coord18={{coord|22|14|0|N|87|47|0|E}} | label-pos18=left|label18= Moyna| numbered18=R| mark-title18= [[Moyna, Purba Medinipur]] (R)|shape-color18=#C40000
|mark-coord19={{coord|22|11|19|N|87|55|8|E}} | label-pos19=left|label19= Nandakumar| numbered19=R| mark-title19= [[Nandakumar, Purba Medinipur]] (R)|shape-color19=#C40000
|mark-coord20={{coord|22|5|31|N|87|51|22|E}} | label-pos20=left|label20= Chandipur| numbered20=R| mark-title20= [[Chandipur, Purba Medinipur]] (R)|shape-color20=#C40000
|mark-coord21={{coord|22|16|42|N|87|54|11|E}} | label-pos21=left|label21= Chak Srikrishnapur| numbered21=R| mark-title21= [[Chak Srikrishnapur]] (R)|shape-color21=#C40000
|mark-coord22={{coord|22|10|30|N|87|53|47|E}} | label-pos22=left|label22= Bhabanipur| numbered22=R| mark-title22= [[Bhabanipur, Purba Medinipur]] (R)|shape-color22=#C40000
|mark-coord23={{coord|22.3923|N|87.9426|E}}| label23=Rupnarayan| label-color23 = #77A1CB| label-angle23=80| label-pos23=right| label-size23=10| mark-size23=0| mark-title23=none
|mark-coord24={{coord|22|27|5|N|87|44|10|E}} | label-pos24=left|label24= Dakshin Maynadal| numbered24=H| mark-title24= [[Dakshin Maynadal]] (H)| shape-color24=#AA6666
|mark-coord25={{coord|22|26|15|N|87|44|49|E}} | label-pos25=left|label25= Purbba Gopalpur| numbered25=H| mark-title25= [[Purbba Gopalpur]] (H)| shape-color25=#AA6666}}

===Location===
Goasafat is located at {{coord|22.24921|N|87.79546|E|display=inline}}.

===Urbanisation===
94.08% of the population of Tamluk subdivision live in the rural areas. Only 5.92% of the population live in the urban areas, and that is the second lowest proportion of urban population amongst the four subdivisions in Purba Medinipur district, just above Egra subdivision.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Purba Medinipur | work = Table 2.2 | publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 20 April 2019 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Demographics==
As per [[2011 Census of India]] Goasafat had a total population of 6,597 of which 3,438 (52%) were males and 3,159 (48%) were females. Population below 6 years was 821. The total number of literates in Goasafat was 4,819 (83.43% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 15 July 2016}}</ref>

{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Goasafat had a population of 5,406. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Goasafat has an average literacy rate of 65%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 59%. In Goasafat, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age.

==Infrastructure==
As per the District Census Handbook 2011, Goasafat covered an area of 1.12 km2. It had the facility of a railway station at [[Tamluk]] 20 km away and bus routes in the town. Amongst the civic amenities it had 300 domestic electric connections. Amongst the medical facilities it had a hospital 7 km away. Amongst the educational facilities it had were 4 primary schools. The nearest middle school, secondary school and senior secondary school were at Anandapur closeby. Amongst the recreational and cultural facilities 2 cinema theatres, a public library and a reading room were there in the town.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1919_PART_A_DCHB_PURBA%20MEDINIPUR.pdf| title = District Census Handbook Purba Medinipur, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Statement I: Growth History, Pages 1207-1209; Statement II: Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, Page 1210; Statement III: Civic and other Amenities, Pages 1211-1212; Statement IV: Medical Facilities 2009, Pages 1212-1213; Section: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities, Pages 1213-1215 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 7 April 2019}}</ref>

==Transport==
Goasafat is on Tangrakhali Road.<ref>Google maps</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Purba Medinipur District}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Purba Medinipur district]]

{{PurbaMedinipur-geo-stub}}

Bibliography of Anwar Shah Kashmiri

2026-01-23T15:08:09Z

Shamimulislam: made basic post added tags

{{Short description|none}}
{{Dynamic list}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
This '''bibliography of Anwar Shah Kashmiri''' is a selected list of scholarly resources that are generally available. These resources are related to [[Anwar Shah Kashmiri]], a leading [[Hadith studies|hadith scholar]] from India.<ref>{{TDV Encyclopedia of Islam|article=KEŞMÎRÎ|last=Bi̇rişik|first=Abdulhami̇t|url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/kesmiri}}</ref> This list includes his biographies, [[Thesis|theses]] written about him, and articles published about him in various journals, newspapers, encyclopedias, seminars, websites, and follows the [[APA style]].

== Encyclopedias ==
{{refbegin|indent=yes}}
* {{Cite book |last=Bi̇rişik |first=Abdulhami̇t |url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/kesmiri |chapter=KEŞMÎRÎ |title=İslâm Ansiklopedisi|trans-title=TDV Encyclopedia of Islam |publisher=[[Directorate of Religious Affairs]], Centre for Islamic Studies |year=1988–2016 |location=Turkey |volume=25 |pages=327–329 |language=tr |access-date=2023-06-27 |archive-date=2023-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207215910/https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/kesmiri |url-status=live }}
* {{Cite book |last1=Hossain |first1=Nazir |url=https://archive.org/details/AnwarShahKashmiriIslamicEncyclopedia |chapter=Anwar Shah Kashmiri |last2=Jalil |first2=Abdul |title=Islami Bishwakosh |publisher=[[Islamic Foundation Bangladesh]] |year=1996 |isbn=984-06-0145-8 |location=Dhaka |pages=8–10 |language=bn}}
* {{Cite book
|url=https://archive.org/download/jan-21/URDU_DAIRA_MARIF_E_ISLAMIA_VOL_19.pdf
|title=Urdu Daira Maarif Islamiya
|publisher=[[University of the Punjab]]
|year=2001
|volume=19
|editor-last=Shafi
|editor-first=Muhammad
|location=Lahore, Pakistan
|pages=375–378
|language=ur
}}
{{refend}}

== Biographies ==
{{refbegin|indent=yes}}
* {{Cite book |last=Ahmad |first=Mahfuz |url=https://www.noor-book.com/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%87-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A-pdf |title=Al-fawaid Al-muntaqat Min Amali Imam Anwar Shah Kashmiri |publisher=Dar al-Fath |year=2019 |isbn=9789957234874 |location=Jordan |language=ar}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Banuri
|first=Yousuf
|title=Nafhah al-'anwar fi hayat Imam al-'asr al-Shaikh Anwari
|publisher=Baitul Hikmat
|year=1993
|location=Deoband, India
|language=ar
|oclc=60330510}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Bastvi
|first=Abdurrashid
|title=Allamah Anwar Shah Kashmiri: Apni Hasht Pahlu Shakhsiyat Ke Khad O Khal Aur Apne Asar-i Ilmiyah Ke A'ina-yi Shaffaf Men
|publisher=Mahad al-Anwar
|year=2004
|location=Deoband, India
|language=ur
|oclc=62733030}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Bijnauri
|first=Ahmad Raza
|title=Malfuzat-i Muhaddis-i Kashmiri: Sayyid Muhammad Anwar Shah Kashmiri ke giraanqadar malfuzat ka nadir khazaanah
|publisher=Idarah-yi Talifat-i Ashrafiyah
|year=2005
|location=Multan, Pakistan
|language=ur
|oclc=500877013}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Ghazi
|first=Hamidulansari
|title=Hazrat 'Allamah Anvar Shah Kashmiri: mere mutali'at aur mushahidat
|publisher=[[Centenary Celebration of Darul Uloom Deoband]]
|year=1980
|location=U.P., India
|language=ur
|oclc=1154046880}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Kashmiri
|first=Anzar Shah
|title=Tasvir-i Anvar
|publisher=Mahad al-Anwar
|year=2005
|location=Deoband, India
|language=ur
|oclc=62179474}}
* {{Cite book |last=Khaci |first=Ghulam Muhammad |title=Anwarulsavanih: Hazrat 'allamah Muhammad Anvar Shah Kashmiri—hayat Aur 'ilmi Khidmat |publisher=Darul Kitab |year=2010 |location=Lahore, Pakistan |language=ur |oclc=780415388}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Kondoo
|first=Abdurrahman
|title=Al-anwar: Shaikh Al-hadis Hazrat 'allamah Muhammad Anwar Shah Kashmiri Ki Savanih Hayat Aur Kamalat Va Talliyat
|publisher=[[Nadwatul Musannifeen]]
|year=1978
|location=Delhi, India
|language=ur
|oclc=30594448}}
* {{Cite book
|last1=Kondo
|first1=Abdurrahman
|last2=Khan
|first2=Zarwali
|title=Taqaddus-i Anwar
|publisher=Maqtaba Umar Faruq
|year=2011
|location=Karachi, Pakistan
|language=ur
|oclc=1012708873}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Mas'udi
|first=Anzar Shah
|title=Naqsh-i Dawam: Imam Al-'asr Hazrat Maulana Muhammad Anvar Shah Kashmiri Ke Savanih, Ilmi Va Amali Shahkar, Siyasi Afkar, Dini Nazariyat Ka Ek Basit Jaezah
|publisher=Shah Bukdipo
|year=1977
|location=Deoband, India
|language=ur
|oclc=21305810}}
* {{Cite book |last=Qadiri |first=Nazir |title=Allama Muhammad Anwar Shah (R.A.) : A Creative And Investigative Study |publisher=Kitab Mahal |year=2019 |isbn=9789387244122 |location=Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir |language=en |oclc=1184122519}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Qaisar
|first=Azhar Shah
|title=Hayat-i Anvar: Fakhrulmuhaddisin Hazrat 'Allamah Sayyid Muhammad Anvar Shah Kashmiri ke halat-i zindagi aur kamalat-i ilmi par ek nazar
|publisher=Sayyid Muhammad Nasim Akhtar
|year=1977
|location=Deoband, India
|language=ur
|oclc=23539734}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Qasimi
|first=Badrulhasan
|title=Imam al-'asr al-shaykh Muhammad Anwar Shah al-Kishmiri
|publisher=Dar al-'Ulum Maktab al-Ihtifal al-Mi'awi lil-Jam'ah al-Islamiyyah
|year=1980s
|location=India
|language=ar
|oclc=858824622}}
* {{Cite book |last=Rasoolpuri |first=Abdul Malik Muzaffar Khan |url=http://www.deoband.net/store/p6/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%83_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%3A_%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%81_%D9%88_%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1%DB%81.html |title=Al-'Allamah Muhammad Anwar Shah al-Kashmiri: Hayatuh wa Shi'ruh |publisher=Darul Maarif |year=2011 |location=Deoband, India |language=ar |access-date=2023-06-27 |archive-date=2023-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128191003/http://www.deoband.net/store/p6/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%83_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%3A_%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%81_%D9%88_%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1%DB%81.html |url-status=live }}
* {{Cite book
|last=Rizwanullah
|first=Muhammad
|title=Maulana Anwar Shah Kashmiri
|publisher=Muslim
|year=1974
|location=Aligarh, India
|language=ur
|oclc=320158399}}
{{refend}}
* [https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/600413?mode=full Role of Indian Arabic Writers in the Freedom Movement of India], p. 266–318

== Theses ==
{{refbegin|indent=yes}}
* {{Cite thesis |last=Abdulla |first=Molla |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/491744 |title=Anwar Shah Kashmiri and his contribution to Dissemination of Hadith Literature |publisher=Department of Arabic, Persian, Islamic Studies, [[Visva-Bharati University]] |year=2022 |page= |location=India |language=en |type=PhD |hdl=10603/491744 |pages=235–236 |access-date=24 October 2023 |archive-date=24 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024044218/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/491744 |url-status=live }}
* {{Cite thesis |last=Akpinar |first=Muhammet Raşi̇t |url=https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/TezGoster?key=q3-d9QtLoVA2OMExHSkJpeY0c-w8r2P0RUJurqSZSZ1asPPUB4bMJWLvTfYZAMjb |title=Muhammad Anwar Shah Al-kashmiri And His Thought Of Jurisprudence |publisher=[[Gaziantep University]] |year=2017 |location=Turkey |degree=PhD |language=tr}}
* {{Cite thesis
|last=Ali
|first=Hasmat
|title=Contribution Of Indian Scholars To The Promotion Of Hadith Literature With Special Reference To Allama Anwar Shah Kashmiri An Analytical Study
|url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/jspui/handle/10603/501195
|publisher=Department of Arabic, [[Gauhati University]]
|year=2023
|location=India
|language=ar
|hdl=10603/501195
|type=PhD
}}
* {{Cite thesis |last=Anar |first=İbrahim |url=http://dosya.kmu.edu.tr/sbe/userfiles/file/tezler/Temel%20%C4%B0slam%20Bilimleri/ibrahimanar.pdf |title=The Hadith Scholarship of Anwar Shah Kashmiri (d. 1933) |publisher=[[Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University]] |year=2020 |location=Karaman, Turkey |language=tr |type=MA |access-date=2023-06-27 |archive-date=2023-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408084917/http://dosya.kmu.edu.tr/sbe/userfiles/file/tezler/Temel%20%C4%B0slam%20Bilimleri/ibrahimanar.pdf |url-status=live }}
* {{Cite thesis |last=Aydinli |first=Ahmad Amruh |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350174716 |title=Mohammed Anwar Shah Al-Kashmiri wa manhaju fi sharh Sunan al-Tirmidhi fi kitabihi Ma'arif al-Sunan |publisher=[[University of Jordan]] |year=2019 |location=Jordan |language=ar|type=MA}}
* {{Cite thesis |last=Ghani |first=Khwaja Abdul |url=http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/8471/1/4093H.pdf |title=Allama Muhammad Anwar Shah Kashmiri: Un ke Mutasilin aur Talamzah ki Khidmat |publisher=[[University of Sindh]] |year=1979 |location=Jamshoro, Pakistan |language=ur |type=PhD |access-date=2023-06-27 |archive-date=2022-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027021735/http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/8471/1/4093H.pdf |url-status=live }}
* {{Cite book |last=Khaci |first=Ghulam Muhammad |url=http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/8621/1/5674H.PDF |title=Alama Muhammad Anwar Shah Kashmiri ke Ilmi Karnamey |publisher=[[University of the Punjab]] |year=1984 |location=Pakistan |language=ur |type=PhD |access-date=2023-06-27 |archive-date=2022-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027021734/http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/8621/1/5674H.PDF |url-status=live }}
* {{Cite thesis |last=Osman |first=Yunoos |url=https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10413/6384/Osman_Yunoos_2001.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |title=Life and works of Allamah Muhammad Anwar Shah Kashmiri |publisher=School of Religion and Culture, Faculty of Humanities, [[University of KwaZulu-Natal]] |year=2001 |location=South Africa |language=en |type=PhD |access-date=2023-06-27 |archive-date=2023-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609134351/https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10413/6384/Osman_Yunoos_2001.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |url-status=live }}
{{refend}}

== Journals ==
{{refbegin|indent=yes}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Ahmad Meraj |first=Meraj |date=2019 |title=Contribution of Anwar Shah Kashmiri to the Hadith Literature in India |url=http://islamicstudies.uok.edu.in/Files/36892408-1fed-4431-9848-0761b9e02587/Journal/04d04c18-80ad-4951-98c0-0c24b5ba7987.pdf |journal=Insight Islamicus |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=1–12 |access-date=2023-06-27 |archive-date=2022-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203222930/http://islamicstudies.uok.edu.in/Files/36892408-1fed-4431-9848-0761b9e02587/Journal/04d04c18-80ad-4951-98c0-0c24b5ba7987.pdf |url-status=live }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Aslam |first1=Aatika |last2=Pracha |first2=Kalsoom |last3=Saeed |first3=Muhammad |date=2018 |title=Scholars on Propagation of Islam in Subcontinent: A Study of the Efforts of Anwar Shāh Kashmīriī |url=https://alqamarjournal.com/index.php/alqamar/article/view/512 |journal=Al-Qamar |language=ar |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=45–56 |issn=2664-4398 |access-date=2023-06-27 |archive-date=2022-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021191008/https://alqamarjournal.com/index.php/alqamar/article/view/512 |url-status=live }}
* {{Cite journal |last=Hasan |first=Md. Mehedi |date=2022 |title=Allama Anwar Shah al-Kashmiri and his contribution to Arabic poetry |url=https://www.thecho.in/files/19.-Dr.-MD-Mehedi-Hasan.pdf |journal=Pratidhwani the Echo |language=ar |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=151–159 |issn=2278-5264 |access-date=2023-06-27 |archive-date=2022-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021175331/https://www.thecho.in/files/19.-Dr.-MD-Mehedi-Hasan.pdf |url-status=live }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Irfan |first1=Muhammad |last2=Rabia |first2=Sumera |last3=Rasheed |first3=Muhammad |date=2021 |title=Maulana Anwar Shah Kashmiri key haan Khabr-e-Wahid ka darja aor qaboliyat ki sharait |url=http://www.alilmjournal-gcwus.com/index.php/al-ilm/article/view/154 |journal=AL-ILM-Journal |language=ur |volume=5 |issue=2 |issn=2618-1142 |access-date=2023-06-27 |archive-date=2022-10-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025210239/http://www.alilmjournal-gcwus.com/index.php/al-ilm/article/view/154 |url-status=live }}
* {{Cite journal |last=Muhammadjonovich |first=Nizomiddinov Hoshimjon |date=2023 |title=Hanafi Hadithist Anwar Shah Kashmiri |url=https://eprajournals.com/IJSR/article/10172 |journal=EPRA International Journal of Research & Development |language=en |volume=8 |issue=2 |issn=2455-7838 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250116094207/https://eprajournals.com/IJSR/article/10172 |archive-date=16 January 2025 |access-date=20 April 2025 |url-status=live }}
* {{Cite journal |last=Qasmi |first=Muhammad Ajamal |date=2016 |title=The Esteemed Status And Position Of Sheikh Anwar Shah Kashmiri In The Light Of His Writings |url=https://www.siarj.com/index.php/Siarj/article/view/32 |url-status=bot: unknown |journal=The Scholar Islamic Academic Research Journal |language=ar |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=122–142 |issn=2617-4308 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627142220/https://www.siarj.com/index.php/Siarj/article/view/32 |archive-date=27 June 2023 |access-date=27 June 2023 }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Razzaq |first1=Muhammad Abdul |last2=Lakhvi |first2=Muhammad Hammad |date=2020 |title=Methodology of Qur'anic Interpretation in Faiḍ al-bārī by Anwar Shah Kashmīrī: A Research Study |url=https://www.ahbabtrust.org/ojs/index.php/jicc/article/view/105 |journal=Journal of Islamic Civilization and Culture |language=en |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=290–322 |doi=10.46896/jicc.v3i01.105 |doi-broken-date=11 July 2025 |issn=2707-6903 |access-date=2023-06-27 |archive-date=2022-10-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025195702/https://www.ahbabtrust.org/ojs/index.php/jicc/article/view/105 |url-status=live }}
* {{Cite journal |last=Rasheed |first=Muhammad |date=2020 |title=The concept of abrogation of Moulana Anwar Shah Kashmiri and its impact on the interpretations of Hadith |url=https://jihat-ul-islam.com.pk/journal/index.php/jihat-ul-islam/article/view/175 |journal=Jihat Ul Islam |language=ur |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=23–34 |doi=10.51506/jihat-ul-islam.v14i1.175 |doi-broken-date=11 July 2025 |issn=2521-425X |access-date=2023-06-27 |archive-date=2022-10-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025070828/https://jihat-ul-islam.com.pk/journal/index.php/jihat-ul-islam/article/view/175 |url-status=live }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Uddin |first1=Fareed |last2=Imran |first2=Muhammad |last3=Fayyaz |first3=Muhammad |date=2019 |title=The Meaning of Khātam al-Nabiyyīn: A Study of Explanatory Arguments by Syed Anwar Shāh Kashmīrī |url=https://alqamarjournal.com/index.php/alqamar/article/view/291 |journal=Al-Qamar |language=ar |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=157–164 |issn=2664-4398 |access-date=2023-06-27 |archive-date=2022-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022004449/https://alqamarjournal.com/index.php/alqamar/article/view/291 |url-status=live }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Uddin |first1=Fareed |last2=Shahid |first2=Muhammad |date=2021 |title=The argumemt of Ahadith by Syed Anwar Shah Kashmiri in his book "Khatamannbiyeen": A Research Study |url=https://arjish.com/index.php/arjish/article/view/190 |journal=Al-Aijaz Research Journal of Islamic Studies & Humanities |language=ur |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=97–110 |doi=10.53575/u7.v5.01(21).97-110 |s2cid=240450482 |issn=2707-1219 |access-date=2023-06-27 |archive-date=2021-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103034256/http://www.arjish.com/index.php/arjish/article/view/190 |url-status=live |doi-access=free }}
* {{Cite journal |last=Zuhrobiddin |first=Olimov |date=2022 |title=The Life And Scientific Activity Of Anwarshoh Kashmiri |url=https://bestpublication.org/index.php/ozf/article/download/575/553 |journal=O'zbekistonda Fanlararo Innovatsiyalar Va Ilmiy Tadqiqotlar Jurnali |volume=1 |issue=9 |pages=1–12 |access-date=2023-06-27 |archive-date=2022-10-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025204907/https://bestpublication.org/index.php/ozf/article/download/575/553 |url-status=live }}
{{refend}}

== Documentaries ==
{{refbegin|indent=yes}}
* {{Cite AV media |url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=aFB0KOxUzIo |title=The Life & Works of Imam Anwar Shah Kashmiri |date=22 December 2019 |last=Hussain Ahmed |first=Abul Hasan |type=Videotape |language=en |publisher=As-Subah |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627142743/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aFB0KOxUzIo&gl=US&hl=en |archive-date=27 June 2023 |url-status=live}}
{{refend}}

== Newspapers ==
{{refbegin|indent=yes}}
* {{Cite news |last=Aslam |first=MJ |date=4 February 2022 |title=Mawlana Anwar Shah Kashmiri (1875–1933) |work=[[Kashmir Life]] |url=https://kashmirlife.net/mawlana-anwar-shah-kashmiri-vol-13-issue-43-284763/ |access-date=27 June 2023 |archive-date=18 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518160130/https://kashmirlife.net/mawlana-anwar-shah-kashmiri-vol-13-issue-43-284763/ |url-status=live }}
* {{Cite news |last=Raheem |first=Tarique |date=4 May 2023 |title=Alama Anwar Shah Kashmiri's ancestral house in ruins |work=[[Greater Kashmir]] |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/kashmir/alama-anwar-shah-kashmiris-ancestral-house-in-ruins |access-date=27 June 2023 |archive-date=25 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230625022929/https://www.greaterkashmir.com/kashmir/alama-anwar-shah-kashmiris-ancestral-house-in-ruins |url-status=live }}
* {{Cite news |last=Sikand |first=Yoginder |date=2004 |title=Islamic Perspectives: Building Bridges Of Harmony |work=[[The Milli Gazette]] |url=https://www.milligazette.com/Archives/2004/01-15Apr04-Print-Edition/011504200459.htm |access-date=2023-06-27 |archive-date=2022-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616012804/https://www.milligazette.com/Archives/2004/01-15Apr04-Print-Edition/011504200459.htm |url-status=live }}
{{refend}}

== Seminars ==
{{refbegin|indent=yes}}
* {{Cite conference |last=Afridi |first=Muhammad Adil Khan |date=2011 |title=Al-muhaddith Al-shaykh Muhammad Anwar Syah Al-kashmiri Wa-manhajuhu Fi Sharh Al-hadith |url=http://irep.iium.edu.my/47378/ |conference=International Seminar on Prophetic Sunnah (Musnad) |language=ar |location=Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |publisher=[[University of Malaya]]}}
* {{Cite book
|title=Tajalliyat-i Anwar: Imamul'asr Hazrat 'Allamah Anvar Shah Kashmiri ke 'ilmi va 'amali kamalat ko khiraj-i tahsin
|publisher=Al Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Auqaf Trust
|year=1979
|location=Srinagar
|language=ur
|oclc=32134413}}
{{refend}}

== Other ==
=== Theses ===
{{refbegin|indent=yes}}
* {{Cite thesis
|last=Mujab
|first=Muhammad
|title=Islamic sciences in india and indonesia: a comparative study
|publisher=Department of Sunni Theology, [[Aligarh Muslim University]]
|year=2001
|location=India
|language=ur
|hdl=10603/58830
|type=PhD
|pages=170–174
}}
{{refend}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Anwar Shah Kashmiri]]
[[Category:Islam-related lists]]
[[Category:Bibliographies of people|Kashmiri, Anwar Shah]]
[[Category:Indian biographies|Kashmiri, Anwar Shah]]
[[Category:Deobandi-related bibliographies|Kashmiri, Anwar Shah]]
[[Category:Bibliographies of Indian writers]]

Indian Railway Stores Service

2026-01-20T18:42:11Z

Shamimulislam: clean up

{{Short description|Engineering service of the Government of India}}
{{Infobox
| title = Indian Railway Stores Service
| image = [[File: Emblem of India.svg| 150px]]
| caption = '''Motto:''' ''दक्षता गुणवत्ता समयबद्धता'' {{small|([[Hindi language|Hindi]])}} "Efficiency Quality & Timeliness"
| headerstyle = background:#800080; color:white;
| header1 = Service overview
| label4 = [[Date of establishment|Founded]]
| data4 = {{start date and age|df=yes|1936}}
| label5 = Country
| data5 = {{flag|India}}
| label6 = Training Institute
| data6 = [[National Academy of Indian Railways|National Academy of Indian Railways (NAIR)]], [[Vadodara]], [[Gujarat]]
| label7 = Cadre controlling authority
| data7 = Member (Traction & Rolling Stock), [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Ministry of Railways, Government of India]]
| label8 = Minister responsible
| data8 = [[Ashwini Vaishnaw]], [[Minister of Railways (India)|Minister of Railways, Communication and IT]]
| label9 = Legal personality
| data9 = [[Governmental]]; [[Engineering]]
| label10 = Duties
| data10 = Supply Chain Management Goods and Services Procurement Inventory Control
| label12 = [[En cadre|Cadre strength]]
| data12 = 542{{nbsp}}members
| label13 = Selection
| data13 = [[Indian Engineering Services|Engineering Services Examination (UPSC)]]
| label14 = Association
| data14 = IRSS Officers Association
| subheader15 = Head of the IRSS
| label16 = Additional Member Railway Stores
| data16 = Rajeev Kumar, IRSS
| label17 = Notable Alumni
| data17 = A.K. Mittal (former CRB), R. Shrinivasan, Virendra Raj Mehta, Vinay Sharma, Girish Bhatnagar.
}}

The '''Indian Railway Stores Service (IRSS)''' is one of the Group A central [[engineering]] services of the [[Government of India]]. The officers of this service are procurement and [[logistics]] specialists and involvement in supply contract management over [[Indian Railways]]. They are responsible for inspection, receipt, storage and issue and distribution of spares, raw materials, tools and plant and machinery. This includes planning of logistics for the transportation of material from and within various railways as well as the planners and maintainers of the intelligent warehousing with automated storage and retrieval systems on the Indian Railways.
The IRSS officers undergo training at National Academy of Indian Railways (NAIR) for a period of 18 months which includes two months certification course at IIM Khozikhode and a foreign training.<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Academy of Indian Railways, Centralized training institute for IRSS officers|url=https://nair.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,5,763}}</ref>

==Recruitment & Job responsibility of IRSS==

IRSS Officers man the senior posts of stores department and also general administrative posts of Indian Railways.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120731040030/http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 July 2012|title=Indian Railway|date=31 July 2012}}</ref> The members of this group A service are recruited through the [https://web.archive.org/web/20121001065054/http://www.upsc.gov.in/general/engg.htm Engineering Services Examination] conducted annually by the Union Public Service Commission <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.upsc.gov.in/ |title=Welcome to |publisher=UPSC |date=2016-09-15 |access-date=2019-05-04}}</ref> The basic qualification for appearing in this examination is a degree in engineering and all the members belonging to this service are engineers. The Department of Personnel and Training DOPT<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dopt.gov.in/|title=Home - Department of Personnel & Training - MoPP&P - GoI|website=dopt.gov.in}}</ref> defines it as a Technical Service. The total sanctioned strength of cadre is 542. The young officer after being intensively trained for 18 months under the guidance of National Academy of Indian Railways is posted as AMM in junior scale. The officer can rise up to chairman railway board (ex officio principal secretary to GOI). In normal course all officers rise up to the level of Additional Secretary to GOI. At the level of Railway Board the service is headed by Member (Material Management), ex-officio secretary to GOI. IRSS cadre not only caters to stores departments but contribute significantly to the general administration of Indian Railways in particular and the Government of India in general. The various ex-cadre posts held by officers of service are Chairman of Railway Board, General Manager, Divisional Railway Manager, Additional Divisional Railway Manager and Chairman of the Railway Recruitment Board. Many officers are also working on deputation to various ministries of Government of India under Central Staffing Scheme.

Indian Railway Stores Service (IRSS) is one of the eight organized services of Indian Railways. The IRSS cadre is responsible for [[forecasting]], [[planning]], [[procurement]] of material, [[logistics]] management, and [[warehousing]] of Indian Railway's assets. It is also responsible for giving material support to production of [[railway coach]]es, [[locomotives]], and [[railway wagons]]. Realization of revenue by selling of scrap is another major function of the Stores Department. This is done by means of auctions, tender sale, and staff sales. Recently all cadres of Indian Railways has been merged and IRSS functions to be carried out by Indian Railway Management Service, IRMS sub cadre stores, IRMS(stores).

==Evolution of purchase function in Indian Railways==
At the time of independence, Indian Railways was running primarily on [[steam locomotives]]. Most of the components required for steam locomotives were made in workshops, and the components which were to be purchased, were very few. The stores requirements for track, signaling, C&W and other general items were also inadequate. As, at that time, the industrialization of country had just started, a substantial number of stores were to be imported mainly through India Supply Mission. The function of the stores department, at that time, was limited and mainly centered on storekeeping.

However, with the start of dieselisation in the 1950s and speeding up of electrification from the 1960s, the face of railways started changing. Electric locomotives, compared to steam locomotives, required more items that were sophisticated and had to be purchased. It was mainly with dieselisation and electrification, that the purchase function of railways started evolving though other changing areas, e.g. signaling, production of coaches, track laying, and maintenance activity. Apart from more purchase items, the issues such as quality and reliability of items and the firms who were supplying them also became relevant as diesel and electric locomotives required sophisticated items for which credentials and capabilities of vendors needed to be pre-assessed. Activity of approval and registration of firms thus started. As the railway system was expanding, the funds became scarce and there was an urgent need to keep inventories at optimum levels so that capital could be used elsewhere, making inventory control important. Similarly the scrap sales function also became more and more important over the years.

Purchasing and its allied activities became complex as the traffic and train services increased in number and size. Purchase activity, which was clerical in nature in earlier days, had to respond to the needs of time become professional. The 1980s and 1990s saw more types of rolling stocks and improved maintenance practices. The railway network as measured by track km remained more or less the same, the increase in traffic and customer expectation put severe constraints on all the resources like track, rolling stock sheds, and workshops. Less time became available for maintenance. From the mid-1990s, safe running of trains emerged as an important issue and compared to previous decades, and more items became essential for safe operation of trains. All these issues put severe strain on railways purchasing system.

Over the years, Indian Railways' purchases have gone manifold both in terms of value and number of items. The technical, industrial, and commercial scenario of the country has also changed significantly. There are now more standards, specifications, and accrediting bodies, and more central, state and local laws. Purchasing in today's world is done in a complex environment.

The members of the IRSS on the Indian Railways are the procurement and logistics specialists responsible for procurement of various goods and services to the tune of Rs. 25000 Crores annually, and disposal of scrap to the tune of Rs. 3000 Crores per annum in the form of auction and sale of electric and diesel locomotives, old coaches and wagons, and old bridge structures along with the rails released from the gauge conversion activities. (These figures are from the latest IR-Yearbook)

They also manage huge warehouses attached with the major coaching and wagon workshops as well as the electric and diesel locomotive sheds.

They are the logistics managers for transportation of material through the roadways.

==Organization==
The department is organized in three tiers. The top tier is at the Railway Board level, the second tier at the Zonal Railway level and the third tier at the divisional or the district level.

At the apex level, department is headed by Member (Traction and Rolling Stock) who is the head of Mechanical, Electrical and Stores cadre of Indian Railways. Member (Traction and Rolling Stock) is in turn assisted by Additional Member (Railway Stores), Principal Executive Director/s, Executive Directors and Directors.

At the zonal levels, the principal head of the department is the Principal Chief Materials Manager(PCMM). The PCMM is assisted by Chief Materials Managers(CMMs). These CMMs in turn have various Dy. Chief Materials Managers, and in turn, they are assisted by the Senior Materials Managers and the Assistant Materials Managers. The Stores department manages about 200 warehouses that feed into the repair workshops and maintenance sheds. The Warehouses called depots headed by a Depot Officer. Depots attached to workshops are headed by Dy. CMMs, and electric and diesel locomotive sheds headed by SMMs. These depots directly reports to PCMM. Divisional setup is headed by Sr. DMMs who report to Divisional Railway Managers. Sr. DMMs are responsible for material management at divisional level by catering needs to others branches of divisions. They are responsible for coordination of scrap arising out of division in close association with the Engineering Department. Sr. DMMs also do uniform management for various grades of running staff such as guards, TTE, station masters.

==Objectives of the department for the coming years==
Recent policy decisions have been made by the Ministry of Railways for expanding and improving the conditions of railway infrastructure, amenities on trains, railway stations, and other railway premises for passengers and other railway users. As a result, phenomenal growth has taken place in all the activities including those of the Stores department. Since economic liberalization started in the early 1990s, the pace of growth has increased substantially and Indian Railways has set ambitious targets for the [[Eleventh Five-Year Plan (People's Republic of China)|Eleventh Five-Year Plan]].

Scientific materials and supply chain management have emerged in recent years as important managerial functions. A systematic application of the tools and techniques of materials management can achieve considerable saving in costs and increase in productivity. No management can afford to ignore these concepts and techniques in an environment marked by liberalization, globalization, enhanced competition, and rapid progress in technology, particularly in the areas of automation and computerization.

The objective is to increasingly apply the modern concepts related to integrated materials management, strategic and operational aspects of outsourcing and procurement, the interface of materials management and supply chain management. The objective is also to adopt the latest techniques of cost control and optimization by leveraging information technology tools for development and implementation of an efficient materials management system in the organization. It is needless to say that all is to be done in public procurement platforms in most economic manner.

The technical, industrial and commercial scenario of the country has also changed significantly. There are now more standards, specifications, accrediting bodies and also more central, state and local laws. Even organizations much smaller in size and scope than Railways appoint persons expert in techno-commercial areas like taxation, port clearance, law and accountancy. The officers manning the cadre will be encouraged to take special interest and become specialist in one of the areas of scientific materials management, some of which are given below-

* Strategic [[procurement]] management
* International purchasing
* [[Field inventory management|Inventory management]] – designing and implementing inventory systems
* [[Logistics management]]
* [[Management information system]]
* Financial aspects of materials management
* Sales and [[Auction]] management
* [[Value engineering]]

The market in India has also undergone tremendous change ever since the liberalization process was initiated in the early 1990s. The boundaries between the domestic and global market have become thin and transparent. A number of global players and multi-nationals have entered the Indian market and are keen to join hands with Indian Railways. In order to take advantage of market conditions, Indian Railways has to make major changes in their rules, procedures, and methodology of procurement, and the methodology of disposal of non-performing assets and unserviceable materials. For example, green procurement, [[e-procurement]], [[e-payments]], [[reverse auction]], and eco-friendly disposal systems have to be not only introduced early but implemented with speed and on a sustainable basis.

E-Procurement: since 2009, Indian Railways Stores Service achieved the distinction of going 100% digital on tendering and procurement through web based online process using PKI and digital signatures completing all 26 railway units (both zonal & P.U.s). This is the biggest web-based procurement portal in Asia using single window function for all procurements by Indian Railways, crossing over two Lakh online tenders through fully secured website www.ireps.gov.in .
E-Auction: IRSS successfully achieved & adopted Online E-Auction process since May 2013, crossing E-Auction Revenue over 1000 CR using full secured single window e-Auction process, providing online net banking and payment, enabling purchasers across India to participate online.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Public Services of India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Stores Service}}
[[Category:Indian Engineering Services]]
[[Category:Indian Railways Services]]

Mohammed Ikramullah

2026-01-18T18:30:19Z

Shamimulislam:

{{Short description|Pakistani diplomat and politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=September 2018}}
{{infobox person
| honorific-prefix =
| name = Mohammad Ikramullah
| honorific-suffix = [[Hilal-e-Pakistan]], [[Order of St Michael and St George|KCMG (hon)]], [[Order of the Indian Empire|CIE]]
| native_name = {{Script/Nastaliq|محمد اکرام اللہ}}
| native_name_lang = ur
| image = Mohammed Ikramullah.jpg
| birth_date = {{birth date|1903|01|15|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Bhopal]], [[Bhopal State]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah|Shaista Suhrawardy]]|1933}}
| children = Inam Ikramullah [[Naz Ikramullah]] [[Salma Sobhan|Salma Ikramullah]] [[Princess Sarvath El Hassan|Sarvath Ikramullah]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1963|09|12|1903|01|15|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Karachi]], [[West Pakistan]], Pakistan
}}
'''Mohammad Ikramullah''' ({{langx|ur|{{nq|محمد اکرام اللہ}}}}; 15 January 1903<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UC_a5vY-soEC&q=Mohammad+Ikramullah+15th+January+1903|title=History of Services of Gazetted Officers in the Civil Departments in the Central Provinces and Berar: Corrected up to 1st July 1948|year=1950}}</ref> – 12 September 1963)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OA8oAAAAMAAJ&q=Mohammad+Ikramullah+12th+September,+1963|title=Annual Report|year=1953}}</ref> was a figure in the administration of [[Pakistan]] at the time of [[independence of Pakistan]] on 14 August 1947. As a member of the provisional government of Pakistan, before the independence, he was Secretary and Advisor at the Ministries of Commerce, Information and Broadcasting, Commonwealth Relations and Foreign Affairs. He was also a member of Muslim League partition committee and a close companion of [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah|Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah]].

After independence, he was appointed the first [[Foreign Secretary of Pakistan]] in 1947 by Jinnah himself.<ref>[https://www.dawn.com/news/656476 Hall of fame: The ICS (Indian Civil Service) served Pakistan well] Dawn (newspaper), Published 4 September 2011, Retrieved 8 April 2019</ref> He also remained the Ambassador of Pakistan to [[Canada]], [[France]], [[Portugal]] and the [[United Kingdom]]. He was married to [[Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah]], and father of [[Princess Sarvath El Hassan|Princess Sarvath of Jordan]].<ref name=familyhistory>{{cite web|url=http://www.elhassan.org/reg/sarvath/family.html |title=Mohammed Ikramullah and Princess Sarvath of Jordan's Family History|date=26 February 2007|access-date=8 April 2019|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080131225616/http://www.elhassan.org/reg/sarvath/family.html|archive-date=31 January 2008}}</ref>

==Biography==
Ikramullah was born 15 January 1903 in [[Bhopal]], [[British India]], to [[Urdu-speaking]] [[Quraishi]] family. His father, [[Khan (title)|Khan]] Bahadur Hafiz Mohammed Wilayatullah belonged to the aristocracy of the Muslim royal state of [[Bhopal]], a large princely state in [[India]].<ref name=familyhistory/> His family is reputed to have hailed originally from the [[Hijaz]] and are regarded as both Quraishi and Chishti. Wilayatullah's family served against many significant royal posts for several generations at the Court of the state of Bhopal; where Ikramullah was born in 1903.<ref name=npg>[https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp77805/mohammed-ikramullah Profile of Mohammed Ikramullah on National Portrait Gallery, UK website] Retrieved 8 April 2019</ref> He joined the [[Indian Civil Service]] in 1927. Later, Ikramullah served as Advisor to the preparatory commissions of the [[United Nations]] in [[London]] and [[San Francisco]], and at its first general assembly, between 1945 and 1946.<ref name=familyhistory/> He was appointed a CIE (Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire) in the [[1946 New Year Honours]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140719095800/https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/37407/page/11/data.pdf Supplement to the ''London Gazette'', 1 January 1946, p. 11.] Retrieved 8 April 2019</ref>

In July 1947, when the States Departments were established, Ikramullah was appointed from the old [[Indian Civil Service]] as Joint Secretary,<ref>[[s:White Paper on Indian States (1950)/Part 4/States Department|White Paper on Indian States, Ministry of States, Government of India, 1950, page 33]], Retrieved 8 April 2019</ref> States Department, Provisional government of British India prior to independence.<ref name=soton>[https://web.archive.org/web/20061004171902/http://www.archives.lib.soton.ac.uk/mbindex/index404.shtml Profile of Mohammad Ikramullah (Archived)]. University of Southampton, Special Collections, Archived 4 October 2006, Retrieved 8 April 2019</ref> Subsequent to the [[Partition of India|creation]] of [[Pakistan]] in 1947, he immigrated from Bhopal to Karachi, the then federal capital of Pakistan and started the foreign office, [[Government of Pakistan]] after being appointed the foreign Secretary of Pakistan by the founder of Pakistan [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] in October 1947.<ref name=soton/><ref name=storyofpakistan/> During the subsequent era, he represented Pakistan in the [[United Nations]] many times and also served as the [[High Commissioner of Pakistan]] to [[Canada]] and the [[UK]], and also as Pakistan's ambassador to [[Portugal]] and [[France]].<ref name=familyhistory/> Ikramullah played key roles in establishing the Commonwealth Economic Committee and had been nominated as [[Secretary-General]] of the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] at the time of his death in 1963.<ref name=familyhistory/>

===Personal life===
His younger brother, [[Mohammad Hidayatullah]], was [[Chief Justice of India]] from 1968 to 1970, [[Vice President of India]] from 1979 to 1984, and served as acting [[President of India]] twice.<ref name=familyhistory/>

Ikramullah married [[Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah|Shaista Suhrawardy]] in 1933.<ref name=storyofpakistan>{{Cite news|url=http://storyofpakistan.com/begum-shaista-ikramullah|title=Profile of Begum Shaista Ikramullah - former first female representative of the first Constituent Assembly of Pakistan|date=21 October 2013|work=storyofpakistan.com website|access-date=8 April 2019|language=en-US}}</ref> He died in 1963.<ref name=npg/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080131225616/http://www.elhassan.org/reg/sarvath/family.html Family history]
{{s-start}}
{{s-dip}}
{{succession box |title=[[Foreign Secretary of Pakistan]]|
years=1947–1951|
before=Post established|
after=Mirza Osman Ali Baig}}

{{succession box |title=[[Foreign Secretary of Pakistan]] (2nd term)|
years=1959–1961|
before= Sikandar Ali Baig|
after=S.K. Dehlavi}}
{{end}}

{{Foreign Secretary (Pakistan)}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ikramullah, Mohammed}}
[[Category:Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George]]
[[Category:Muhajir people]]
[[Category:Indian Civil Service (British India) officers]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:High commissioners of Pakistan to Canada]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Pakistan to France]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Pakistan to Portugal]]
[[Category:Foreign secretaries of Pakistan]]
[[Category:High commissioners of Pakistan to the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Politicians from Bhopal]]
[[Category:People from Karachi]]
[[Category:1903 births]]
[[Category:1963 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to Pakistan]]
[[Category:People from Bhopal State]]
[[Category:Indian people of Arab descent]]
[[Category:Pakistani people of Arab descent]]

Jai Jai Maharashtra Maza

2026-01-18T02:46:28Z

Shamimulislam: brief add article for clarity and cleaned formatting for accuracy

#REDIRECT [[Jaya Jaya Mahārāṣṭra Mājhā]]

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Makarakoythu

2026-01-11T22:28:10Z

Shamimulislam: adding basic article added tags

{{short description|Poetic collection in Malayalam}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
'''Makarakkoythu''' is one of the famous poetic collection by [[Malayalam]] writer [[Vyloppilli Sreedhara Menon]]. It is collection consists of eighty poems about the culture of [[Kerala]]. It was published in 1980.

== Content ==
The background of most of the poems in this collection are in [[Thrissur]] and outskirts. The reason for considering this place is explained in the introduction of the book by the poet, because it is not only the place where he lived but also he loves the place like loving its people. The poet criticizes people and places in this poetry.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.puzha.com/malayalam/bookstore/content/books/html/utf8/5622.html|title=Poem-Makarakkoythu|website=Puzha Books|access-date=18 July 2019|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304131807/http://www.puzha.com/malayalam/bookstore/content/books/html/utf8/5622.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Awards ==

This poetic collection got several awards like,
* [[Vayalar Award]] in 1981

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Malayalam Literature}}
{{Vayalar Awards}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Indian poetry collections]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language literature]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language books]]

{{india-lit-stub}}
{{Poetry-collection-stub}}
{{Kerala-stub}}

Kalyanpur, Uttar Pradesh

2025-12-25T13:14:31Z

Shamimulislam: adjust citations additionally and cleaned formatting

{{more citations needed|date = August 2008}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kalyanpur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.519121|N|80.249805|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flagu|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kanpur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = (1) Kalyanpur Police Station (Law & Order)
(2)Uttar Pradesh Avas Evam Vikas Parishad Kanpur (All Maintenance & Civil Construction Work)

| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 112014
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], English, [[Urdu language|Urdu]] & [[Kannauji language|Kannauji]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 208017
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#UP.E2.80.94Uttar Pradesh|UP]]-78, [[List of RTO districts in India#UP.E2.80.94Uttar Pradesh|UP]]-77
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = Kanpur
| blank2_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank2_info_sec1 = 91%
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Akbarpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Akbarpur]]
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank4_info_sec1 = Kalyanpur(w), Kalyanpur(e), Kalyanpur – Rural
| blank5_name_sec1 = Civic agency
| blank5_info_sec1 = Kalyanpur Police Station
| website = {{URL|up.gov.in}}

{{URL| https://upavp.in/post/en-kanpur-Schemes}}

| footnotes =
}}

'''Kalyanpur''' or '''Kalianpur''' (earlier '''Kullianpore''') is a satellite town of [[Kanpur]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. Located about 15 km from [[Kanpur]] on the [[Grand Trunk Road]] towards Delhi, it is effectively a suburb of Kanpur. This town's post office is spelled Kalyanpur, but the station is named Kalianpur, while British records often use the variant spelling "Kullianpur". Kalyanpur is also the name of a different village in East UP.

== History ==
During the [[Indian rebellion of 1857]], [[Nana Sahib]] met rebel company soldiers at Kalyanpur.{{citation needed|date=September 2012}} Soldiers were on their way to Delhi to meet [[Bahadur Shah II]]. After a one-day march, they camped at Kalyanpur on 7 June, where they met [[Nana Sahib]] and [[Azimullah Khan|Azimullah]], who convinced them to turn back and free [[Kanpur]] from the control of [[British India]].

Once it was home to many of the rebellion's most prominent characters, including the Rani of Jhansi, [[Rani Lakshmibai]]. During the [[War of Indian Independence of 1857]], the Mutineering Sepoys marched to Delhi to join the emperor.<ref>
{{cite book
|author = George Otto Trevelyan
|author-link = George Otto Trevelyan
|title = Cawnpore
| orig-year = First printed in 1865
| year = 1992
| publisher = Harper
| isbn = 81-7223-018-4
}}</ref>

There were a few hours of stillness before the storm; the faithful sepoys were now employed in collecting and carting muskets, ammunition, etc., which had been left about in the native lines. The English officers drew a long breath of relief: the mutineers had doubtless gone off to Delhi. At present they had only gone as far as the treasury, when the Nana met them with an escort and many elephants, swore fidelity to the national cause, and distributed much of the silver among the four regiments. Then the sepoys broke open the gaol and let out a motley host of God-forsaken rascals, who set to work at once and burned and sacked every European house, making a bonfire of all the records in the court-house, civil and criminal alike. The mutineers had travelled on the Delhi road as far as Kullianpur when they were overtaken by the Nana, his two brothers, Bala and Baba Bhut, and Azimoolah.<ref name="mainlesson">{{cite web|url=http://www.mainlesson.com/display.php?author=gilliat&book=mutiny&story=cawnpur|title=The Baldwin Project: Heroes of the Indian Mutiny by Edward Gilliat|publisher=mainlesson.com|access-date=17 October 2014}}</ref><ref name="google">{{cite book|title=The Indian Mutiny|author1=Wilkinson-Latham, C.|author2=Embleton, G.|date=1977|publisher=Osprey|isbn=9780850452594|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DS--7UwOQ_8C|page=24|access-date=17 October 2014}}</ref>

==Location==
After [[Partition of India|Indian Independence]], this area became one of the most overcrowded areas of [[Kanpur]].

Kalyanpur lies in North Kanpur and covers a large area, consisting of several large and smaller areas. The main areas are Indira Nagar, Avas Vikas Colonies, Navsheel Dham, Shivli Road, Bithoor Road, Guba Gardens, Mirzapur, Bara Sirohi, New Colony and Kalyanpur proper. Avas Vikas Colonies and Navsheel Dham are new colonies and are moderately planned. The Kalyanpur proper consists of mostly single-storey houses.

Indira Nagar is situated 1.5 km north of Kalyanpur. Though the area has its own post office, it is considered a Kalyanpur suburb. A Buddha park built by [[Mayawati]] is located within Indira Nagar; it is the largest park in the whole city.

Kalyanpur has a railway station on [[Kanpur Anwarganj railway station|Anwarganj]]-[[Mathura Junction railway station|Mathura]] rail line.

==Demographics==

Kalyanpur's population is 173,949. Out of this, 92851 are males while the females count 81098 here. This block has 24297 children in the age group of 0–6 years. Among them 13009 are boys and 11288 are girls. Literacy ratio in Kalyanpur block is 65%. 113564 out of total 173949 population is literate. In males the literacy rate is 70% as 65793 males out of total 92851 are literate however female literacy rate is 58% as 47771 out of total 81098 females are educated in this block.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wikivillage.in/block/uttar-pradesh/kanpur/kalyanpur|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401041310/https://www.wikivillage.in/block/uttar-pradesh/kanpur/kalyanpur|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 April 2022|title=Village Website in India, Explore Villages of India, Best Village Sites in India, Wikivillage}}</ref>

==Micropolitan area==
The main areas in micro area are Indira Nagar, Avas Vikas Parishad Colonies, Navsheel Dham, Shivli road, Bithoor Road, Guba Gardens, Mirzapur, Bara Sirohi, [[Naramau]], Binakyapur, Avas Vikas Keshavpuram -1, Avas Vikas Ambedkarpuram-2, Maswanpur, Kakadev, [[Kanpur University]], [[Rawatpur]], [[IIT Kanpur]] and Kalyanpur City. Avas Vikas Colonies and Navsheel Dham are new colonies and are moderately planned By UP Avas Evam Vikas Parishad Kanpur (www.upavp.in). The proper Kalyanpur area consists of mostly single storey houses situated in a congested manner.

"Uttar Pradesh Avas Vikas Parishad Has 2 Schemes Named as"
1) Keshav Puram Scheme -1
2) Ambedkar Puram Scheme -2
These schemes are monitored and Maintenance by “Uttar Pradesh Avas Vikas Parishad Kanpur”

== Educational institutes ==
[[Kanpur University]] is located here.
Kalianpur hosts several educational institutions including the [[National Sugar Institute]] and The Indian Institute of Pulses Research, whilst Kanpur Polytechnic and the famous technical institute [[IIT Kanpur]] campus are both situated nearby.
A non-governmental association, [https://sites.google.com/site/tropicalplantresearch/ Society for Tropical Plant Research] is also working here, and serves the scientific community through its international scientific journal - [http://www.tropicalplantresearch.com/ Tropical Plant Research].
Other schools include DPS Kalyanpur, Dr. V.S.E.C. Awadhpuri, Woodbine Gardenia School, Mantora Public School, etc.

== Connectivity ==
The area has one of the largest vegetable markets in the city due its proximity to the rural areas and nearby districts of western [[Uttar Pradesh]]. The suburb lies on the historic [[Grand Trunk Road]] commonly known as '''G.T.Road''' towards [[Delhi]] which is situated 415 km away.
The Kanpur-Kasganj-Aligarh-Bhiwani Railway line runs just parallel to the G.T.Road in Kalyanpur.

The suburb is well connected with rest of the city by road as well as railways. The industrial area of Panki lies 5 km south of Kalyanpur and is well connected with Kalyanpur.

The pilgrimage village of [[Bithoor]], 12 km away, connects to the GT road here. [[Bithoor]] is connected with Kalyanpur with 2 roads. Formerly the Metre gauge line ran through [[Kalyanpur railway station|Kalyanpur]] and was connected to Brahmavart railway station in [[Bithoor]]. But due to conversion of the [[metre gauge]] railway line to [[broad gauge]] line the railway route to [[Bithoor]] was subsequently closed and the Brahmavart railway station now remains deserted. The [[Indian Railways]] has decided to extend line from [[Mandhana, Kanpur|Mandhana]] Central-[[Safipur]] Junction via Brahmavart Station. There were vital demands from the public to restart the railway route connecting [[Kanpur Central]] railway station to Brahmavarta, Bithoor though the matter remains reserved. The Government is planning new townships in Kalyanpur suburb and many real estates are coming up in the suburb.

==Sister cities==

*[[Saratoga Springs, New York|Saratoga, New York]], United States<ref>http://www.techkriti.org/exhibitions/exhibitions/citycluster-avatarts/#/exhibitions/exhibitions/ghost-train/{{Dead link | date=December 2025 | fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>
*[[Princeton, New Jersey|Princeton]], [[New Jersey]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.iitk.ac.in/infocell/Archive/dirjan1/techkriti99.html |title=TechKriti 99 |access-date=25 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324230247/http://www.iitk.ac.in/infocell/Archive/dirjan1/techkriti99.html |archive-date=24 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{Contains special characters|Indic}}
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links|Kanpur}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110903013316/http://www.upelections.co.in/ Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections]
* [http://www.upelections.co.in/uttar-pradesh-assembly-constituencies/kalyanpur Kalyanpur Assembly Elections]
* [http://kanpurcity.co.in Kanpur City E-Portal]
* [http://kanpur.nic.in Official Site of Kanpur]{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071128154814/http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/uttar-pradesh/candidate-list-ncp.html List of Contestants of Shivsena in Uttar Pradesh] (minor mention)

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{{Kanpur}}
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{{Kanpur division topics}}
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[[Category:Cities and towns in Kanpur Nagar district]]
[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Kanpur]]