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Abies densa

2026-05-19T01:26:09Z

Shailendra: Adding First Article Initial Version

{{Short description|Species of conifer}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2019}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Abies densa Wangdicholing Palace.jpg
| image_alt = A tall tree, in backdrop of houses. The sky in the background is clear blue.
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 16 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Zhang, D. |author2=Christian, T. |author3=Carter, G. |author4=Farjon, A. |author5=Liao, W. |author6=Yang, Y. |date=2013 |title=''Abies densa'' |volume=2013 |article-number=e.T42278A2969131 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42278A2969131.en |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref>
| genus = Abies
| species = densa
| authority = [[William Griffith (botanist)|Griff.]]
| synonyms = {{species list |Abies spectabilis var. densa|(Griff.) Silba
|Abies spectabilis subsp. densa|(Griff.) Silba
|Abies fabri subsp. fordei|(Rushforth) Silba
|Abies fordei|Rushforth}}
| synonyms_ref =<ref name=POWO>{{cite web |url= https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:261506-1 |title= Abies densa Griff. |author= |date=n.d. |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=May 13, 2024}}</ref>
}}

'''''Abies densa''''', the '''Bhutan fir''', is a [[conifer]] [[species]] in the [[Family (taxonomy)|family]] [[Pinaceae]]. It is sometimes included in the [[Abies spectabilis|East Himalayan fir]] (''A. spectabilis'') as a [[variety (botany)|variety]].

Found in [[Bhutan]], [[China]], [[India]], and [[Nepal]], it is not considered a [[threatened species]] by the [[IUCN]].

Also called the Himalayan alpine fir, ''Abies densa'' is a dominant conifer in the upper coniferous belt of the central and eastern Himalayas from [[Nepal]], [[Sikkim]], [[Bhutan]], and adjacent [[Tibet]] to [[Burma]] (Myanmar) in altitudes between 2800 and 3700 m. It is a tree up to 30–40 (sometimes to 60) m, with trunk diameters sometimes reaching 2.5 m. The bark is breaking to thick angular plates, the branchlets light grayish-yellow when young, later grayish-brown to gray. The needles are up to 4.5 cm long, with somewhat recurved margins. The cones are up to 10 cm long, bluish gray or dark blue to bluish brown, with bract length varying among individuals (slightly included or with more or less protruding, straight or recurving tips). Sometimes lumped with ''Abies spectabilis'', a species of more westerly distribution, ''Abies densa'' differs from the former in several traits, e.g., its leaves are shorter, narrower, somewhat recurved, and are less silvery-white below; ''Abies densa'' also has smaller cones with bracts relatively longer than in ''Abies spectabilis''.<ref>{{cite book|title=Conifers Around the World|year=2012|publisher=DendroPress|isbn=978-963-219-061-7|pages=1089|url=http://conifersaroundtheworld.com|author =Zsolt Debreczy|author2 =Istvan Racz|edition=1st|editor=Kathy Musial}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140729213223/http://conifersaroundtheworld.com/blog/abies_densa_himalayan_alpine_fir Conifers Around the World: Abies densa - Himalayan Alpine Fir].

{{Taxonbar|from=Q137033}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Abies|densa]]
[[Category:Least concern flora of Asia]]
[[Category:Trees of Bhutan]]
[[Category:Trees of China]]
[[Category:Flora of Assam (region)]]
[[Category:Trees of Nepal]]
[[Category:Flora of Tibet]]
[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1854]]
[[Category:Taxa named by William Griffith (botanist)]]

{{conifer-stub}}

Legendary Lovers (song)

2026-05-08T17:11:13Z

Shailendra: added first post from scratch

{{Short description|2013 song by Katy Perry}}

{{Infobox song
| name = Legendary Lovers
| artist = [[Katy Perry]]
| album = [[Prism (Katy Perry album)|Prism]]
| recorded = 2013; Playback Recording Studios ([[Santa Barbara, California]]); [[MXM Studios]] ([[Stockholm, Sweden]]); Luke's in the Boo ([[Malibu, California]]); Secret Garden Studios ([[Montecito, California]])
| genre = {{flatlist|
*[[Worldbeat]]
*[[folk music|folk]]
}}
| length = 3:44
| writer = {{flatlist|
*[[Katy Perry]]
*[[Dr. Luke|Lukasz Gottwald]]
*[[Max Martin]]
*[[Bonnie McKee]]
*[[Cirkut (record producer)|Henry Walter]]
}}
| label = [[Capitol Records|Capitol]]
| producer = {{flatlist|
*[[Dr. Luke]]
*Max Martin
*[[Cirkut (record producer)|Cirkut]]}}
}}

"'''Legendary Lovers'''" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter [[Katy Perry]] for her fourth [[studio album]] ''[[Prism (Katy Perry album)|Prism]]'' (2013). The song was written by Perry, [[Bonnie McKee]], [[Cirkut (record producer)|Cirkut]], [[Dr. Luke]], and [[Max Martin]], while the latter three also handled its production. Musically, it is a [[worldbeat]] song set to a danceable [[Bhangra (music)|bhangra]] beat and is influenced by [[country music]], while its instrumentation is composed of [[Tabla|tablas]], [[Music of Asia|oriental]] [[Strings (music)|strings]], a [[coral sitar]], and a [[Violin|double violin]]. Its lyrical content combines [[Eastern philosophy]] with mild sexual references, expressing "eternal passion" and also referencing the romances of infamous fictional characters and historical figures. The song received generally mixed reviews from [[Music journalism|music critics]], who praised its production but were ambivalent towards its lyrics. With digital downloads exceeding 2,330, the song entered the [[South Korea]] [[Gaon Chart|Gaon International Chart]] (GIC) at number 69.

== Background ==
[[File:BonnieMcKeePerforming.png|left|thumb|[[Bonnie McKee]] (''pictured'') co-wrote "Legendary Lovers" with Luke, Martin, Cirkut, and Perry.]]
Perry told ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' in October 2013 that she penned "Legendary Lovers" through [[electronic mail]], inspired by her then-boyfriend and American musician [[John Mayer]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-10-30 |title=Katy Perry Poses With Shirtless Men on Entertainment Weekly Cover, Talks John Mayer |url=https://www.eonline.com/news/475726/katy-perry-poses-with-shirtless-men-on-entertainment-weekly-cover-talks-john-mayer |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=E! Online |archive-date=2024-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814111558/https://www.eonline.com/news/475726/katy-perry-poses-with-shirtless-men-on-entertainment-weekly-cover-talks-john-mayer |url-status=live }}</ref> "We had a long courtship before anything was [public], just writing letters to each other — and seeing 'legendary lovers,' it sounded so nice", she commented on the song's development. "Some things float into my mind, and I process them, and [then] I make songs about them."<ref>{{cite magazine |date=October 13, 2013 |title=This week's cover: Inside the wild world of Katy Perry |url=http://popwatch.ew.com/2013/10/30/this-weeks-cover-katy-perry/ |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |accessdate=July 14, 2014 |archive-date=January 12, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112030259/http://popwatch.ew.com/2013/10/30/this-weeks-cover-katy-perry/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The track was the second to be written by Perry and [[Bonnie McKee]] for the former's fourth studio album ''[[Prism (Katy Perry album)|Prism]]'' (2013). The latter deemed the writing process "fun", and mused that the song was inspired by her own early "Eastern-influenced" material and "classic" Bollywood themes. McKee categorized it as a love song, despite recognizing it had a "could have been" feeling. She stated, "When you're writing love songs, it's always forever; they seem to always last throughout time."<ref name="go">{{cite web |date=October 23, 2013 |title=Go Behind Katy Perry's 'Raw And Emotional' Prism Writing Sessions |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1716064/katy-perry-bonnie-mckee-prism.jhtml |accessdate=January 1, 2014 |publisher=[[MTV News]] |archive-date=December 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131205010633/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1716064/katy-perry-bonnie-mckee-prism.jhtml |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The recording of "Legendary Lovers" took place at various studios, including Playback Recording Studios in Santa Barbara, California, [[MXM Studios]] in Stockholm, Sweden, Luke's in the Boo in Malibu, California and Secret Garden Studios in Montecito, California. Serban Ghenea and mixing engineer John Hanes mixed the song at MixStar Studios, located in Virginia Beach, Virginia. [[Audio engineering]] was helmed by Peter Carlsson, Clint Gibbs, Sam Holland, and Michael Illbert; Rachael Findlen, Justin Fox, Elliott Lanam and Cory Bice served as assistant engineers. Dr. Luke played [[coral sitar]], [[Gingger Shankar]] played the double violin, Ronobir Lahiri played [[sitar]] and [[Aditya Kalyanpur]] played [[tabla]]. The track's producers [[Dr. Luke]], [[Max Martin]], and [[Cirkut (record producer)|Cirkut]] programmed the instruments.<ref name="Notes">{{cite AV media notes |title=[[Prism (Katy Perry album)|Prism]] |year=2013 |type=inlay cover |publisher=[[Capitol Records]] |page=2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rakesh Chaurasia with Aditya Kalyanpur {{!}} Rhythms of India – Rubin Museum of Art |url=https://rubinmuseum.org/ |access-date=2026-02-15 |language=english |archive-date=2026-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260118083008/http://rubinmuseum.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-16 |title=There is a lot of variety in Indian music now |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/music/there-is-a-lot-of-variety-in-indian-music-now/articleshow/45613710.cms |access-date=2026-02-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2020-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110192742/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/music/There-is-a-lot-of-variety-in-Indian-music-now/articleshow/45613710.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 16 October 2013, "Legendary Lovers" leaked online, becoming the second song off ''[[Prism (Katy Perry album)|Prism]]'' to leak after the album's lead single "[[Roar (song)|Roar]]" leaked in August.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2013-10-16 |title=Katy Perry track 'Legendary Lovers' leaks online |url=https://stagedoor.fm/2013/10/16/katy-perry-track-legendary-lovers-leaks-online/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204133832/https://stagedoor.fm/2013/10/16/katy-perry-track-legendary-lovers-leaks-online/ |archive-date=2024-12-04 |access-date=2026-02-15 |website=Stagedoor FM |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Katy Perry "Prism" Leak: New Song "Legendary Lovers" Leaks ONLINE Before Scheduled Release [LISTEN NOW] [FREE DOWNLOAD] |url=https://www.breathecast.com/news/katy-perry-prism-leak-new-song-legendary.html |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=www.breathecast.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814111559/https://www.breathecast.com/news/katy-perry-prism-leak-new-song-legendary.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Entretenimento |first=Portal Uai |date=2013-10-17 |title=Cinco faixas de 'Prism', de Katy Perry, vazam na internet |url=https://www.uai.com.br/app/noticia/musica/2013/10/17/noticias-musica,147496/cinco-faixas-de-prism-de-katy-perry-vazam-na-internet.shtml |access-date=2025-05-05 |website=Portal Uai Entretenimento |language=pt-BR |archive-date=2025-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250610135148/https://www.uai.com.br/app/noticia/musica/2013/10/17/noticias-musica,147496/cinco-faixas-de-prism-de-katy-perry-vazam-na-internet.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> The song was officially released alongside the album on 22 October.<ref name=":0" /> In March 2014, Perry revealed to a fan that "Legendary Lovers" will be released as a single in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katy Perry promet d'exploiter le titre "Legendary Lovers" cette année |url=https://www.chartsinfrance.net/Katy-Perry/news-90937.html |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=www.chartsinfrance.net |date=7 March 2014 |language=fr |archive-date=2024-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814111558/https://www.chartsinfrance.net/Katy-Perry/news-90937.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Katy Perry lançará "Legendary Lovers" como single este ano |url=https://www.vagalume.com.br/news/2014/03/26/katy-perry-lancara-legendary-lovers-como-single-este-ano2.html |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=Vagalume |language=pt-br}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-26 |title=Katy Perry deve "Legendary Lovers" como single; Confira os detalhes |url=https://br.nacaodamusica.com/noticias/katy-perry-deve-legendary-lovers-como-single-confira-os-detalhes/ |access-date=2025-05-05 |website=br.nacaodamusica.com |language=pt-BR |archive-date=2025-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250610135148/https://br.nacaodamusica.com/noticias/katy-perry-deve-legendary-lovers-como-single-confira-os-detalhes/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On 16 October 2014, producer [[Max Martin]] published details of a track titled "Legendary Lovers (feat Drake)" on his production company [[Maratone Studios|Maratone Studios']] website, sparking rumors that a remix of the song featuring Canadian rapper [[Drake (musician)|Drake]] will be released as a single.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-10-17 |title=Drake to Appear on Katy Perry's Remix to "Legendary Lovers" |url=https://hypebeast.com/2014/10/drake-to-be-on-katy-perrys-remix-to-legendary-lovers |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=Hypebeast |archive-date=2024-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814111558/https://hypebeast.com/2014/10/drake-to-be-on-katy-perrys-remix-to-legendary-lovers |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Katy Perry And Drake To Release A Joint Remix Of 'Legendary Lovers'? |url=https://www.capitalfm.com/artists/katy-perry/news/drake-remix-legendary-lovers/ |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=Capital |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title="Legendary Lovers": Katy Perry pode lançar novo single com remix de Drake |url=https://www.vagalume.com.br/news/2014/10/17/legendary-lovers-katy-perry-pode-lancar-novo-single-com-remix-de-drake.html |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=Vagalume |language=pt-br}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Trevor |date=2023-03-30 |title=Is Drake Set To Appear On An Upcoming Katy Perry Single? |url=https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/27090-is-drake-set-to-appear-on-an-upcoming-katy-perry-single-news |access-date=2026-02-15 |website=HotNewHipHop |language=en}}</ref> There was also speculation that the remix would be performed at Perry's [[Super Bowl XLIX halftime show]] in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-10-20 |title=Katy Perry cuenta con Drake para una nueva versión de 'Legendary lovers' |url=https://www.europafm.com/noticias/musica/katy-perry-cuenta-drake-nueva-version-legendary-lovers_201410205629ddd26584a80e0890c704.html |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=EuropaFM |language=es |archive-date=2021-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519022345/https://www.europafm.com/noticias/musica/katy-perry-cuenta-drake-nueva-version-legendary-lovers_201410205629ddd26584a80e0890c704.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[Capital (radio network)|Capital FM]]'' commented on the potential remix that it would be "bound to be AMAZING",<ref name=":1" /> while Kevin Apaza from ''Directlyrics'' proclaimed that "Katy's new Hot 100 #1 seems to on its way".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Breaking: Katy Perry "Legendary Lovers" Remix with Drake Coming!? |url=https://www.directlyrics.com/katy-perry-legendary-lovers-remix-with-drake-coming-news.html |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=Directlyrics |language=en |archive-date=2024-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814111559/https://www.directlyrics.com/katy-perry-legendary-lovers-remix-with-drake-coming-news.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Kenya Foy from ''[[Bustle (magazine)|Bustle]]'' reflected that "Legendary Lovers" has a stronger pop sound than Drake's previous work, but that some of Perry's verses remind of Drake's flow on [[Migos]]' "[[Versace (song)|Versace]]" remix. In November 2014, ''[[Puremédias|PureCharts]]'' and ''Europe 2'' pop radio reported that "Legendary Lovers" has received radio airplay for weeks in France, and that the French market acts as a "test zone" before deciding whether or not the song will be released as a single globally.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Katy Perry : "Legendary Lovers" testé en France... avant un lancement international ? |url=https://www.chartsinfrance.net/Katy-Perry/news-94552.html |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=www.chartsinfrance.net |date=19 November 2014 |language=fr |archive-date=2024-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204142444/https://www.chartsinfrance.net/Katy-Perry/news-94552.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-11-20 |title=Katy Perry : Legendary Lovers sera son prochain single |url=https://www.europe2.fr/musique/katy-perry-legendary-lovers-sera-son-prochain-single-49074.html |access-date=2025-05-05 |website=Europe 2 |language=fr-FR |archive-date=2025-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250610135148/https://www.europe2.fr/musique/katy-perry-legendary-lovers-sera-son-prochain-single-49074.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Gingger Shankar, who played double violin for "Legendary Lovers", referred to the song as a single in January 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-02 |title=Gingger Shankar scores music for Monsoon Shootout |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/gingger-shankar-scores-music-for-monsoon-shootout/ |access-date=2026-02-15 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=2021-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128061246/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/gingger-shankar-scores-music-for-monsoon-shootout/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Perry included "Legendary Lovers" on the setlist of her 2014-2016 [[Prismatic World Tour]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Kreps |first=Daniel |date=2015-08-31 |title=Katy Perry Preps 'Prismatic World Tour Live' Concert Film |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/katy-perry-preps-prismatic-world-tour-live-concert-film-38613/ |access-date=2024-08-14 |magazine=Rolling Stone |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814112209/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/katy-perry-preps-prismatic-world-tour-live-concert-film-38613/ |url-status=live }}</ref> While performing the song, she showcased her dance skills through steps, turns, and lifts alongside two male dancers dressed as pharaohs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-09-17 |title=Katy Perry wows fans in Anaheim, heads to Los Angeles for two-night show |url=https://www.dailynews.com/arts-and-entertainment/20140917/katy-perry-wows-fans-in-anaheim-heads-to-los-angeles-for-two-night-show/ |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=Daily News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Papadatos |first=Markos |date=2015-10-31 |title=Review: Katy Perry outstanding on 'The Prismatic World Tour Live' DVD (Includes first-hand account) |url=https://www.digitaljournal.com/entertainment/review-katy-perry-outstanding-on-the-prismatic-world-tour-live-dvd/article/448027 |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=Digital Journal |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814112420/https://www.digitaljournal.com/entertainment/review-katy-perry-outstanding-on-the-prismatic-world-tour-live-dvd/article/448027 |url-status=live }}</ref> When a fan on [[TikTok]] thought about the possibility of the song being on the setlist of the 2025 [[The Lifetimes Tour]], Perry replied: "keep dreaming."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Torres |first=Leonardo |date=2025-02-18 |title=4 músicas que Katy Perry já deixou claro que não cantará na "The Lifetimes Tour" {{!}} #Internacional |url=https://portalpopline.com.br/4-musicas-katy-perry-nao-cantara-the-lifetimes-tour/ |access-date=2025-05-05 |website=POPline |language=pt-BR |archive-date=2025-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250318112535/https://portalpopline.com.br/4-musicas-katy-perry-nao-cantara-the-lifetimes-tour/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Nevertheless, on a date of the tour in Birmingham she performed the song for the first time since 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-12 |title=Live Review: Katy Perry brings spectacular Lifetimes tour to Birmingham's Utilita Arena |url=https://www.birminghamworld.uk/whats-on/arts-and-entertainment/live-review-katy-perry-brings-spectacular-lifetimes-tour-to-birminghams-utilita-arena-5356147 |access-date=2026-02-15 |website=BirminghamWorld |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Perrin |first=Ben |date=2025-10-12 |title=I saw Katy Perry The Lifetimes Tour in Birmingham as singer 'broke new record' |url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/whats-on/music-nightlife-news/saw-katy-perry-lifetimes-tour-32653756 |access-date=2026-02-15 |website=Birmingham Live |language=en |archive-date=2025-10-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251012073707/https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/whats-on/music-nightlife-news/saw-katy-perry-lifetimes-tour-32653756 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In April 2026, "Legendary Lovers" surged in popularity as it went viral on [[TikTok]] with mixes with rapper [[Chief Keef]]'s song "Save Me" which samples the song. On 2 April, the daily streams of "Legendary Lovers" jumped by 1449% compared to last week reaching 456 000 streams.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-05 |title=Katy Perry prend sa revanche : ce titre de 2013 cartonne sur TikTok ! |url=https://www.chartsinfrance.net/Katy-Perry/news-135980.html |access-date=2026-04-18 |website=chartsinfrance.net}}</ref> The resurgence was amplified by Perry's relationship with [[Justin Trudeau]]: after she shared photos with him on Instagram with the song's lyrics "Never knew karma could be so rewarding" as caption, fans dubbed them the real-life "legendary lovers" and launched a social media campaign petitioning for the song to be officially released as a single.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Karimjee |first=Aliya |date=2026-04-08 |title=Fans are calling Justin Trudeau and Katy Perry 'Legendary Lovers' after recent Instagram post |url=https://nowtoronto.com/culture/fans-are-calling-justin-trudeau-and-katy-perry-legendary-lovers-after-recent-instagram-post/ |access-date=2026-04-18 |website=NOW Toronto |language=en-CA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-04-08 |title=Katy Perry shares loved-up photo with Justin Trudeau, says 'Never knew karma could be so rewarding' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/english/hollywood/news/katy-perry-shares-loved-up-photo-with-justin-trudeau-says-never-knew-karma-could-be-so-rewarding/articleshow/130099150.cms |access-date=2026-04-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=LOS40 |date=2026-04-08 |title=La última foto de Katy Perry con Justin Trudeau podría esconder varias pistas musicales: ¿Qué implicaría la 'Silver Moon'? {{!}} Corazón |url=https://los40.com/2026/04/08/la-ultima-foto-de-katy-perry-con-justin-trudeau-podria-esconder-varias-pistas-que-implicaria-la-silver-moon/ |access-date=2026-04-18 |website=LOS40 |language=es-ES}}</ref>

== Composition ==
At a length of three minutes and forty-four seconds (3:44),<ref>{{cite web |title=PRISM (Deluxe) by Katy Perry |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/prism-deluxe/id690928033 |accessdate=January 1, 2014 |publisher=[[iTunes Store]] |archive-date=October 20, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020001459/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/prism-deluxe/id690928033 |url-status=live }}</ref> "Legendary Lovers" is an exotic and "mystical" [[worldbeat]] and [[Folk music|folk]] song,<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Erik |date=2013-10-19 |title=AwardsWatch - Review: Katy Perry – Prism |url=https://awardswatch.com/review-katy-perry-prism/ |access-date=2026-02-15 |website=AwardsWatch |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250812063751/https://awardswatch.com/review-katy-perry-prism/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="track">{{cite magazine |author=Lipshutz, Jason |date=October 21, 2013 |title=Katy Perry's 'PRISM': Track-By-Track Review |url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/review/5763162/katy-perrys-prism-track-by-track-review |accessdate=January 1, 2014 |magazine=Billboard |archive-date=October 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023174051/http://www.billboard.com/articles/review/5763162/katy-perrys-prism-track-by-track-review |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Willott, Carl |date=October 15, 2013 |title=Preview Katy Perry's 'Prism': Stream 90 Seconds Of Each Song |url=http://www.idolator.com/7489015/katy-perry-prism-stream-preview-snippets-tracks |accessdate=January 1, 2014 |publisher=[[Idolator (website)|Idolator]] |archive-date=January 1, 2014 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140101225644/http://www.idolator.com/7489015/katy-perry-prism-stream-preview-snippets-tracks |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Walker">{{cite web |last=Walker |first=John |date=October 22, 2013 |title=Katy Perry's 'Prism': A Track-By-Track Review..... In Cat GIFs! |url=http://buzzworthy.mtv.com/2013/10/22/katy-perry-prism-review-cat-gifs/ |accessdate=December 12, 2013 |publisher=[[MTV Buzzworthy]] |archive-date=October 23, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023111832/http://buzzworthy.mtv.com/2013/10/22/katy-perry-prism-review-cat-gifs/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Crockett |first=Elaina |date=2013-10-22 |title=Dark horse: Katy Perry releases raw, mature 4th album, details issues surrounding divorce |url=http://dailyorange.com/2013/10/dark-horse-katy-perry-releases-raw-mature-fourth-album-details-issues-surrounding-divorce/ |access-date=2026-02-15 |website=The Daily Orange |language=en-US |archive-date=2015-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150513195309/http://dailyorange.com/2013/10/dark-horse-katy-perry-releases-raw-mature-fourth-album-details-issues-surrounding-divorce/ |url-status=live }}</ref> replete with sitars, [[Tabla|tablas]], a [[Violin|double violin]] and [[Music of Asia|oriental]] [[Strings (music)|strings]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Fallon, Kevin |date=October 22, 2013 |title='Prism' Review: Katy Perry Perfects the Pop Blockbuster |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/10/22/prism-review-katy-perry-perfects-the-pop-blockbuster.html |accessdate=January 1, 2014 |work=[[The Daily Beast]] |archive-date=December 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230114759/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/10/22/prism-review-katy-perry-perfects-the-pop-blockbuster.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="brown">{{cite web |author=Brown, Helen |date=October 17, 2013 |title=Katy Perry, Prism, review |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandpopreviews/10386191/Katy-Perry-Prism-review.html |accessdate=January 1, 2014 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |archive-date=October 17, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017155307/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandpopreviews/10386191/Katy-Perry-Prism-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite magazine |last=Strecker |first=Erin |date=2015-06-17 |title=5 Underrated Katy Perry Songs for 'One of the Boys' Anniversary |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/katy-perry-one-of-the-boys-anniversary-underrated-songs-6598262/ |access-date=2025-05-07 |magazine=Billboard |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250530173601/https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/katy-perry-one-of-the-boys-anniversary-underrated-songs-6598262/ |url-status=live }}</ref> "Legendary Lovers" contains danceable heartbeat-resembling beats,<ref name=":5" /> a fast-sung pre-chorus, and anthemic chorus.<ref name=":4" /> Musically, it contains elements of [[country music]],<ref name="Notes" /><ref name="Sam">{{cite web |last=Tolzman |first=Samuel |date=October 18, 2013 |title=Review – Katy Perry: Prism |url=http://prettymuchamazing.com/reviews/katy-perry-prism |accessdate=October 22, 2013 |publisher=Pretty Much Amazing |archive-date=October 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009220001/http://prettymuchamazing.com/reviews/katy-perry-prism |url-status=dead }}</ref> rock, synth pop and electronica.<ref name=":5" /> It is composed in the key of [[E minor]] and set in a [[Common time|4/4]] [[time signature]] at a [[metronome]] of 126 beats per minute. The melody spans the tonal range of B3 to E5, while the music follows the chord progression of C—G—Em—D.<ref>{{cite web |title=Katy Perry 'Legendary Lovers' Sheet Music | date=12 November 2013 |url=http://www.musicnotes.com/sheetmusic/mtdFPE.asp?ppn=MN0126950& |accessdate=January 1, 2014 |publisher=Musicnotes.com. Kobalt Music Publishing America}}</ref> Its bridge is characterised by a tribal-sounding instrumental [[Percussion instrument|percussion]] break, which was likened to [[Timbaland]]'s works.<ref name="Sam" /><ref name=":4" /> At a listening party for ''[[Prism (Katy Perry album)|Prism]]'' in September 2013, Perry described "Legendary Lovers" as having "a little bit of curry in it".<ref name="usa">{{cite web |author=Gundersen, Edna |date=September 13, 2013 |title=Katy Perry sheds light on 'Prism' at L.A. preview event |url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/music/2013/09/13/katy-perry-previews-prism-album-in-los-angeles/2812283/ |accessdate=January 1, 2014 |work=[[USA Today]] |archive-date=September 14, 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130914012529/http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/music/2013/09/13/katy-perry-previews-prism-album-in-los-angeles/2812283/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Lyrically, it discusses infinity and karma,<ref name="ten">{{cite magazine |author=Lipshutz, Jason |date=September 6, 2013 |title=Katy Perry's 'Prism' Album Preview: 10 Things You Need To Know |url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop-shop/5687099/katy-perrys-prism-album-preview-10-things-you-need-to-know |accessdate=January 1, 2014 |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072407/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop-shop/5687099/katy-perrys-prism-album-preview-10-things-you-need-to-know |url-status=live }}</ref> and revolves around [[Eastern philosophy]],<ref name="brown" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Littleton |first=Odom |date=2013-10-20 |title=Katy Perry, 'PRISM' |url=https://chimesnewspaper.com/22648/entertainment/katy-perry/ |access-date=2026-02-15 |website=The Chimes}}</ref> which is used to describe the mystical kind of "eternal passion she and her man could experience",<ref name="track" /><ref>{{Cite web |title="Legendary Lovers": Ouça mais uma faixa do álbum "Prism", de Katy Perry |url=https://www.vagalume.com.br/news/2013/10/16/legendary-lovers-ouca-mais-uma-faixa-do-album-prism-de-katy-perry.html |access-date=2025-05-05 |website=Vagalume |language=pt-br}}</ref> "being entranced and so intensely in love with this other person that their union will create something epic and indescribable".<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Kahn |first=Rolando |date=2013-12-23 |title=Katy Perry's "Prizm" offers a dazzling blend of colors |url=https://onmilwaukee.com/articles/katyperryprizm |access-date=2026-02-15 |website=OnMilwaukee |archive-date=2022-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206001651/https://onmilwaukee.com/articles/katyperryprizm |url-status=live }}</ref> Perry makes references to historical and infamous characters, including [[Cleopatra]] and ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' protagonist [[Juliet]], which are well known for their romances.<ref name="track" /> In the chorus, Perry sings "Take me down to the river / Underneath the blood-orange sun / Say my name like a scripture / Keep my heart beating like a drum", which Jason Lipshutz from ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' classified as the album's "most interesting chorus".<ref name="ten" /> John Walker from [[MTV|MTV Buzzworthy]] opined that "Legendary Lovers" was reminiscent of Perry's "Pentecostal upbringing",<ref name="mtv">{{cite web |author=Walker, John |date=October 22, 2013 |title=Katy Perry's 'Prism': A Track-By-Track Review..... In Cat GIFs! |url=http://buzzworthy.mtv.com/2013/10/22/katy-perry-prism-review-cat-gifs/ |accessdate=January 1, 2014 |publisher=MTV News |archive-date=October 23, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023111832/http://buzzworthy.mtv.com/2013/10/22/katy-perry-prism-review-cat-gifs/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> while Rob Harvilla from ''[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]'' deemed it a "Bollywood swipe" and a "[[boudoir]] jam".<ref>{{cite web |author=Harvilla, Rob |date=October 22, 2013 |title=Katy Perry Grows Up and Bums Us Out on Her Shrewd, Tepid 'Prism' |url=http://www.spin.com/articles/katy-perry-prism-capitol/ |accessdate=January 2, 2014 |work=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]] |archive-date=October 22, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022174606/http://www.spin.com/articles/katy-perry-prism-capitol/ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{-}}

== Critical reception ==
[[File:Katy_Perry_-_The_Prismatic_10.jpg|right|thumb|267x267px|Perry performing "Legendary Lovers" on her Prismatic World Tour.]]
"Legendary Lovers" received mostly mixed reviews from music critics, who, despite praising the instrumentation and overall production, criticized its lyrical content. Helen Brown from ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' found the lyrics to be subpar to the "great, playfully exotic tune", describing them as being "of the level you might find in a day spa".<ref name="brown" /> Jon Dolan from ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' compared the song to works by [[Robyn]] and [[Lykke Li]], stating that they "go for a darker, moodier intimacy", and that they "set stark revelations to torrential Euro splendor".<ref>{{cite magazine |author=Dolan, Jon |date=October 16, 2013 |title=Katy Perry 'Prism' Review |url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/prism-20131016 |accessdate=January 1, 2014 |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |publisher=[[Wenner Media LLC]] |archive-date=April 9, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409165951/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/prism-20131016 |url-status=live }}</ref> Allison Stewart from ''[[The Washington Post]]'' described the lyrics as "one-size-fits-all spiritual catchphrases of someone who once read a self-help book in an airport".<ref>{{cite news |author=Stewart, Allison |date=October 22, 2013 |title=Album review: Katy Perry grows up, gets spiritual on 'Prism' |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/music/album-review-katy-perry-grows-up-gets-spiritual-on-prism/2013/10/21/f7d26706-39ef-11e3-b0e7-716179a2c2c7_story.html |accessdate=January 1, 2014 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |publisher=[[Katharine Weymouth]] |archive-date=December 14, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214231839/http://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/music/album-review-katy-perry-grows-up-gets-spiritual-on-prism/2013/10/21/f7d26706-39ef-11e3-b0e7-716179a2c2c7_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Odom Littleton from ''[[Biola University|The Chimes News]]'' highlighted the song as an example of how Perry explores her personal experiences and shows herself on the album as she got married in India.<ref name=":6" /> Erik Anderson of ''Awards Watch'' called the song "probably one of the best" he had heard that year, complimenting its lively production and the anthemic melody of the chorus.<ref name=":4" /> Rolando Kahn from ''[[OnMilwaukee]]'' characterized the song as "hypnotizing", complimenting its drum beat: "you can't stop swaying to the beat".<ref name=":7" />

Sam Lansky from ''[[Idolator (website)|Idolator]]'' thought the song "didn't feel like a surprise" in ''Prism'', although he considered that its chorus was the album's "catchiest". He also thought the first verse had "closet shade" directed to [[Christina Aguilera]] and [[Lady Gaga]].<ref name="id">{{cite web |author=Lansky, Sam |date=October 22, 2013 |title=Katy Perry's 'Prism': Album Review |url=http://www.idolator.com/7489676/katy-perry-prism-review |accessdate=January 2, 2014 |publisher=Idolator |archive-date=October 22, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022193841/http://www.idolator.com/7489676/katy-perry-prism-review |url-status=dead }}</ref> Trent Wolfe from ''[[The Verge]]'' hailed the song's chorus, recognizing it as grand, and praised Dr. Luke for "transforming obscure sounds into popular ones".<ref>{{cite web |author=Wolfe, Trent |date=October 23, 2013 |title=Get real: Katy Perry lets go of the teenage dream with 'Prism' |url=http://www.theverge.com/2013/10/23/4877672/get-real-katy-perry-lets-go-of-the-teenage-dream-with-prism |accessdate=January 2, 2014 |work=[[The Verge]] |archive-date=October 23, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023174943/http://www.theverge.com/2013/10/23/4877672/get-real-katy-perry-lets-go-of-the-teenage-dream-with-prism |url-status=live }}</ref> Glenn Gamboa from ''[[Newsday]]'' criticized "Legendary Lovers"' lyrical content, describing the song as "such a bad 'tribute' to [[Buddhism]] and [[Indian music]] that it's practically a joke, with lyrics like 'I feel my lotus bloom' and 'You are my destiny, my mantra'".<ref>{{cite web |author=Gamboa, Glenn |date=October 18, 2013 |title='Prism' review: Katy Perry is all over the place |url=http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/music/prism-review-katy-perry-is-all-over-the-place-1.6280564 |accessdate=January 1, 2014 |work=[[Newsday]] |publisher=[[Cablevision]], Fred Groser |archive-date=January 2, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102190920/http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/music/prism-review-katy-perry-is-all-over-the-place-1.6280564 |url-status=live }}</ref> Jason Lipshutz from ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' acknowledged "unforgivingly clobbered" drums on the chorus.<ref name="track" /> Mesfin Fekadu from ''[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]'' stated that Dr. Luke, Max Martin, and Bonnie McKee did not "bring out the best Perry in the song," deeming it "forgettable."<ref>{{cite web |author=Fekadu, Mesfin |date=October 21, 2013 |title=Music Review: Katy Perry Plays It Safe on 'Prism' |url=http://abcnews.go.com/m/story?id=20636044 |accessdate=January 2, 2014 |publisher=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |archive-date=October 21, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021194132/http://abcnews.go.com/m/story?id=20636044 |url-status=live }}</ref> Jonathan Hamard from ''PureCharts'' characterized the song as "effective and made for the radio", while noting that it "has the potential to become the pop star's next hit".<ref name=":2" /> ''Música News'' felt the song is "catchy, perfectly radio-friendly" and has "a very oriental touch that offers an intriguing and original sound."<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2014-10-05 |title=Katy Perry 'Legendary Lovers' |url=https://musica.news/katy-perry-legendary-lovers/ |access-date=2025-05-05 |website=Música News |language=es |archive-date=2024-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241111101853/https://musica.news/katy-perry-legendary-lovers/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2015, ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' picked "Legendary Lovers" as one of Katy's most underrated five songs, highlighting its "stellarly produced" instrumental that gives the song "a distinctive and memorable sound to complement Perry’s emotional singing."<ref name=":3" /> In 2017, the editorial staff on ''Giornalettismo'' listed "Legendary Lovers" as one of five Katy Perry songs that could have been a potential hit, describing how "all fans wanted [it] as a single."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-06-11 |title=Katy Perry: 5 canzoni che potevano essere delle potenziali hit |url=https://archivio.giornalettismo.com/spettacolo/katy-perry-5-canzoni-potevano-delle-potenziali-hit/ |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=Giornalettismo |language=it-IT |archive-date=2024-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202230408/https://archivio.giornalettismo.com/spettacolo/katy-perry-5-canzoni-potevano-delle-potenziali-hit/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[Gay Times]]'' selected "Legendary Lovers" as a top-three standout track on ''Prism'', reflecting how Perry "delivered banghra-inspired beats and soaring vocals to create one of [their] favourite songs from her career so far."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Megarry |first=Daniel |date=2019-03-19 |title=We ranked every single Katy Perry album from worst to best |url=https://www.gaytimes.com/culture/we-ranked-every-single-katy-perry-album-from-worst-to-best/ |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=GAY TIMES |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250610135202/https://www.gaytimes.com/culture/we-ranked-every-single-katy-perry-album-from-worst-to-best/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Credits and personnel ==

;Recording
*Recorded and engineered at Playback Recording Studios in [[Santa Barbara, California]], MXM Studios in [[Stockholm, Sweden]], Luke's in the Boo in [[Malibu, California]], and Secret Garden Studios in [[Montecito, California]].
*Mixed at MixStar Studios in [[Virginia Beach, Virginia]].

;Personnel
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
*[[Lead vocals]] - [[Katy Perry]]
*[[Songwriting]] – [[Katy Perry]], [[Dr. Luke|Lukasz Gottwald]], [[Max Martin]], [[Bonnie McKee]], [[Cirkut (record producer)|Henry Walter]]
*[[Record producer|Production]] – [[Dr. Luke]], Max Martin, [[Cirkut (record producer)|Cirkut]], Stukk
*[[Mixing (music production)|Mixing]] – Serban Ghenea
*Mixing engineer – John Hanes
*[[Audio engineering|Engineering]] – Peter Carlsson, Clint Gibbs, Sam Holland, Michael Illbert
*Assistant engineers – Rachael Findlen, Justin Fox, Elliott Lanam, Cory Bice
{{col-2}}
*[[Coral sitar]] – Dr. Luke
*Double violin – Gingger Shankar
*[[Sitar]] – Ronobir Lahiri
*[[Tabla]] – Aditya Kalyanpur
*[[Instrumentation]] and [[Music programming|programming]] – Dr. Luke, Max Martin, Cirkut
*Production coordination – Irene Richter
{{col-end}}
Credits adapted from the liner notes of ''Prism'', Capitol Records.<ref name="Notes"/>

== Charts ==

Upon the release of ''Prism'', "Legendary Lovers" debuted at number 69 on the [[South Korea]] [[Gaon Music Chart|Gaon International Chart]], with sales of over 2,330.<ref name="sk">{{cite web|url=http://gaonchart.co.kr/digital_chart/download.php?nationGbn=E&current_week=44&current_year=2013&chart_Time=week|title=South Korea Gaon International Chart|publisher=[[Gaon Music Chart]]|accessdate=January 1, 2014|archive-date=November 3, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103073904/http://gaonchart.co.kr/digital_chart/download.php?nationGbn=E&current_week=44&current_year=2013&chart_Time=week|url-status=live}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col" |Chart (2013–2014)
! scope="col" |Peak position
|-
{{singlechart|Wallonia Tip|9|artist=Katy Perry|song=Legendary Lovers|rowheader=true|accessdate=August 10, 2015}}
|-
{{singlechart|Dutch40|33|artist=Katy Perry|song=Legendary Lovers|rowheader=true|accessdate=June 15, 2014}}
|-
!scope="row"|South Korea International ([[Gaon Music Chart|GAON]])<ref name="sk"/>
| style="text-align:center;"|69
|-
!scope="row"|US Pop Digital Songs (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/biz/charts/2013-11-09/pop-digital-songs|title=Pop Digital Songs: Nov 09, 2013|magazine=Billboard|accessdate=January 4, 2013|archive-date=November 23, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123011046/http://www.billboard.com/biz/charts/2013-11-09/pop-digital-songs|url-status=live}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|50
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|-
! scope="col" |Chart (2026)
! scope="col" |Peak position
|-
! scope="row"| Netherlands ([[Dutch Charts|Single Tip]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dutchcharts.nl/weekchart.asp?cat=st&date=20260509&year=2026|title=Dutch Single Tip 09/05/2026|publisher=[[Dutch Charts]]|access-date=May 8, 2026|language=nl}}</ref>
| 9
|-
! scope="row"| Norway ([[IFPI Norge]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://topplista.no/charts/singles/2026-w19/|title=Singel 2026 uke 19|publisher=[[IFPI Norge]]|access-date=May 9, 2026}}</ref>
| 69
|-
! scope="row"| Poland ([[Polish music charts|Polish Streaming Top 100]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olis.pl/charts/oficjalna-lista-sprzedazy/single-w-streamie|title=OLiS – oficjalna lista sprzedaży – single w streamie|publisher=[[OLiS]]|language=Polish|access-date=2 May 2026|type=Select week 17.04.2026–23.04.2026.|url-status=live}}</ref>
| 71
|-
|}

== Samples ==

* "Save Me", by [[Chief Keef]] (2014)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Christopher |first=Brian |date=2014-12-07 |title=[NEWS] Chief Keef Samples Katy Perry's "Legendary Lovers" |url=https://theurbanalternative.net/2014/12/07/news-chief-keef-samples-katy-perrys-legendary-lovers/ |access-date=2026-02-15 |website=the urban alternative |language=en |archive-date=2023-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205033645/https://theurbanalternative.net/2014/12/07/news-chief-keef-samples-katy-perrys-legendary-lovers/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* "Presidential (Save Me)", by [[41 (group)|41]] (2025)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Horvath |first=Zachary |date=2024-01-28 |title=41 Detail The Drawbacks That Come With Success On "Presidential (Save Me)" |url=https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/879704-41-presidential-save-me-stream |access-date=2026-02-15 |website=HotNewHipHop |language=en |archive-date=2025-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251112005320/https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/879704-41-presidential-save-me-stream |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{Katy Perry}}

[[Category:2013 songs]]
[[Category:Katy Perry songs]]
[[Category:Songs about sexuality]]
[[Category:Song recordings produced by Cirkut]]
[[Category:Song recordings produced by Dr. Luke]]
[[Category:Song recordings produced by Max Martin]]
[[Category:Songs written by Bonnie McKee]]
[[Category:Songs written by Dr. Luke]]
[[Category:Songs written by Katy Perry]]
[[Category:Songs written by Max Martin]]

Female genital mutilation in India

2026-05-01T11:44:25Z

Shailendra: created first entry initial version.

{{short description|Ritual cutting of female genitals in India}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2023}}

'''[[Female genital mutilation]] (FGM)''' is a cultural practice that occurs in several cultures and is practised in India by some Islamic groups.<ref name="Nanda-2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Nanda |first1=Anjani |last2=Ramani |first2=Vandanee |date=2022-05-31 |title=The Prevalence of Female Genital Mutilation in India |journal=Journal of Student Research |volume=11 |issue=2 |doi=10.47611/jsrhs.v11i2.3285 |issn=2167-1907|doi-access=free }}</ref> The [[Dawoodi Bohra]] is one sect of Islam in India known for their practice of FGM, with other Bohra sects reported as partaking in practices of FGM as well.<ref name="Cantera-2018">{{Cite news |last=Cantera |first=Angel L. Martínez |date=2018-03-06 |title='I was crying with unbearable pain': study reveals extent of FGM in India |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/mar/06/study-reveals-fgm-india-female-genital-mutilation |access-date=2023-12-01 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref name="Lawyers Collective-2017" /> The procedure frequently occurs at the age of seven and involves "all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs.".<ref name="Nanda-2022" /><ref name="Innocenti">{{Cite web |last=Innocenti |first=UNICEF Office of Research- |title=Changing a Harmful Social Convention: Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting |url=https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/396-changing-a-harmful-social-convention-female-genital-mutilation-cutting.html |access-date=2023-11-28 |website=UNICEF-IRC |language=en}}</ref> The process is typically performed by a traditional practitioner using a knife or a blade and can range from Type I to Type IV.<ref name="Innocenti" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Female genital mutilation |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/female-genital-mutilation |access-date=2023-11-04 |website=www.who.int |language=en}}</ref> The consequences of FGM take on a wide range and can span from discomfort to sepsis and have also been correlated with psychological consequences, such as post-traumatic stress disorder.<ref name="Nanda-2022" />

The topic of FGM has remained highly controversial and has garnered both support and opposition for the practice due to its roots in cultural and religious practices.<ref name="Nanda-2022" /> International efforts have ensued to raise awareness on practices of FGM, and cases have been made to ban such practices in India. In opposition, Dawoodi Bohra women have argued for the procedure, citing their religious and cultural freedoms as means for its authorization. Despite legal efforts to ban FGM practices in India, it has not been recognized as prevalent in India and remains legal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-06 |title=Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in India: An Urgent Need for Intervention |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/humanrights/2022/05/06/female-genital-mutilation-cutting-in-india-an-urgent-need-for-intervention/ |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=LSE Human Rights}}</ref>

==Practice==
{{further|Dawoodi Bohra#Female genital mutilation}}
[[File:India on the globe (Asia centered).svg|left|thumb|India pictured on a globe; one of the leading locations for FGM.]]
[[File:BohrasDiv01.JPG|thumb|Graph outlining the Dahwoodi Bohra sections.]]
FGM is practised by the [[Dawoodi Bohra]], a sect of [[Shia Islam]] with one million members in India.<ref name="Cantera-2018" /> Known as ''khatna'', ''khafz'', and ''khafd'', the procedure is performed on six- or seven-year-old girls and involves the total or partial removal of the clitoral hood.<ref name="PlaguesThousands">{{cite web|last=Neeraj |first=Vartika |title=Genital Mutilation Plagues Thousands of Bohra Women in India |url=https://thewire.in/women/genital-mutilation-plagues-thousands-of-bohra-women-in-india |work=The Wire |date=23 July 2018 |access-date=9 November 2018}}</ref><ref name="Cantera-2018" /> The spiritual leader of the Dawoodi Bohra, [[Mufaddal Saifuddin]], clarified that while "[r]eligious books, written over a thousand years ago, specify the requirements for both males and females as acts of religious purity", the Bohras must "respect the law of the land" and refrain from carrying out ''Islamic female circumcision'' in countries where it is prohibited.<ref>{{cite web|title=Clarifying his stand - Circumcision a religious rite, but abide by law of country: Syedna |url=http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31804&articlexml=CLARIFING-HIS-STAND-Circumcision-a-religious-rite-but-07062016008042 |date=7 June 2016 |work=The Times of India |location=Mumbai |last=Das |first=Mohua |access-date=9 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110081936/http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31804&articlexml=CLARIFING-HIS-STAND-Circumcision-a-religious-rite-but-07062016008042|archive-date=10 November 2018| url-status=dead}}</ref> Other Bohra sects including the [[Sulemani Bohras]] and the [[Alavi Bohras]],<ref name="Lawyers Collective-2017">{{cite web |title=Female Genital Mutilation: Guide to Eliminating the FGM practice in India |url=http://www.lawyerscollective.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Female-Genital-Mutilation-A-guide-to-eliminating-the-FGM-practice-in-India.pdf |publisher=Lawyers Collective |date=21 May 2017 |access-date=9 November 2018 |archive-date=6 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006184414/https://lawyerscollective.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Female-Genital-Mutilation-A-guide-to-eliminating-the-FGM-practice-in-India.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> as well as some [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] communities in [[Kerala]], are reported as practising FGM.<ref name="Punwani">{{cite news|title=It was a memory I had blocked out, says activist Masooma Ranalvi |url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/it-was-a-memory-i-had-blocked-out-masooma-ranalvi/article19895413.ece |date=21 October 2017 |last=Punwani |first=Jyoti |access-date=9 November 2018|newspaper=The Hindu }}</ref>

=== Consequences ===
Meghana Reddy J, a gynaecologist, reported in 2018 that ''khatna'' can lead to complications in later life, including difficult deliveries and urinary infections. In one case a girl had developed [[sepsis]] after having had ''khatna'' and great effort had been required to revive her.<ref>{{cite web|title=Curbing women's sexual desire through genital mutilation: Reality of 'khatna' in India |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/curbing-women-s-sexual-desire-through-genital-mutilation-reality-khatna-india-76125 |last=Ravishanker |first=Reshma |date=8 February 2018 |access-date=9 November 2018}}</ref>

In conjunction with a small study, the first of its kind in India, twenty Bohras were examined by Sujaat Vali, an obstetrician and gynaecologist, who reported that only a specialist would be able to separate and cut the clitoral hood without also cutting the clitoris, and the clitoris had been cut in most cases examined.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Clitoral Hood A Contested Site, Khafd or Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) in India |url=http://www.wespeakout.org/site/assets/files/1439/fgmc_study_results_jan_2018.pdf |last=Anantnarayan |first=Lakshmi |date=31 January 2018 |access-date=9 November 2018 |archive-date=1 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901003728/http://www.wespeakout.org/site/assets/files/1439/fgmc_study_results_jan_2018.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Cantera">{{cite web |last=Cantera |first=Angel L Martínez |date=6 March 2018 |title='I was crying with unbearable pain': study reveals extent of FGM in India |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/mar/06/study-reveals-fgm-india-female-genital-mutilation |access-date=9 November 2018 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> According to Vali, "[h]alf of them feel some kind of irritation, while 30% either feel discomfort while walking/urinating or have lost sensitivity in the area." The study covered 83 women and 11 men from five Indian states and found that 75 per cent of the respondents' daughters who were at least seven years old had been subjected to FGM.<ref name="Cantera"/>

Although the practice of FGM in India or in the Dawoodi Bohra community has yet to be adequately researched, an informal poll of Dawoodi Bohra women concluded that with [[female genital mutilation#Type I|Type I FGM]], the most commonly used type in Dawoodi Bohra tradition, no health consequences occurred.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bootwala |first=Yasmin |date=2019-09-01 |title=A Review of Female Genital Cutting (FGC) in the Dawoodi Bohra Community |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s11930-019-00213-y |journal=Current Sexual Health Reports |language=en |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=220–227 |doi=10.1007/s11930-019-00213-y |issn=1548-3592|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==Activism==
=== Opposition and support ===
In November 2011, a 21-year-old law student posted an [[online petition]] requesting that [[Mohammed Burhanuddin]], the then religious leader of the Dawoodi Bohras, ban FGM. A spokesman ruled out any change saying "Bohra women should understand that our religion advocates the procedure and they should follow it without any argument."

Two Mumbai-based groups, [[Sahiyo]] and We Speak Out, launched a campaign in February 2016 called "Each One Reach One"; the campaign was repeated during [[Ramadan]] in 2017. The campaign promoted conversations about female genital cutting.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-05-30 |title=Female genital mutilation in India: Campaign aims to initiate dialogue with Bohras on issue during Ramadan |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/female-genital-mutilation-in-india-campaign-aims-to-initiate-dialogue-with-bohras-on-issue-during-ramadan-3498601.html |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=30 May 2017 |title=Female genital mutilation in India: Campaign aims to initiate dialogue with Bohras on issue during Ramadan |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/female-genital-mutilation-in-india-campaign-aims-to-initiate-dialogue-with-bohras-on-issue-during-ramadan-3498601.html |access-date=9 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Sahiyo |date=30 May 2017 |title=Announcing Each One Reach One 2: Let's discuss Khatna this Ramzan |url=https://sahiyo.com/2017/05/30/announcing-each-one-reach-one-2-lets-discuss-khatna-this-ramzan/ |access-date=9 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sahiyo |date=2017-05-30 |title=Announcing Each One Reach One 2: Let's discuss Khatna this Ramzan |url=https://sahiyo.com/2017/05/30/announcing-each-one-reach-one-2-lets-discuss-khatna-this-ramzan/ |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=SAHIYO |language=en}}</ref> In an online survey of Bohra women, Sahiyo found that ''khatna'' had been performed on 80 per cent of participants, with most cut when aged six or seven; 81 per cent wanted the practice to stop.<ref>{{cite web |author=STP Team |date=18 February 2017 |title=Sahiyo is India's first collective against type of FGM called Khatna in the Dawoodi Bohra community |url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/news/sahiyo-is-indias-first-collective-against-type-of-fgm-called-khatna-in-the-dawoodi-bohra-community |access-date=9 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=S. T. P. |title=Sahiyo is India's first collective against type of FGM called Khatna in the Dawoodi Bohra community |url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/news/sahiyo-is-indias-first-collective-against-type-of-fgm-called-khatna-in-the-dawoodi-bohra-community/ |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=www.shethepeople.tv |language=en}}</ref>

==== The United Nations ====
In 2012 The United Nations declared February 6 as International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation.<ref>{{Cite web |author=United Nations |title=International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation |url=https://www.un.org/en/observances/female-genital-mutilation-day |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=United Nations |language=en}}</ref> This was done in an effort to raise awareness around [https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/female-genital-mutilation FGM].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Female genital mutilation |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/female-genital-mutilation |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=www.who.int |language=en}}</ref> Alongside, declaring this day UN created a joint programme surrounding the ban of FGM. In 2023 they created a theme that partnered with the [https://www.unfpa.org/events/menendfgm #MenEndFGM] <ref name="unfpa.org">{{Cite web |title=#MenEndFGM: Partnering with Men and Boys to Transform Social Norms to End Female Genital Mutilation |url=https://www.unfpa.org/events/menendfgm |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=United Nations Population Fund |language=en}}</ref> group Called [https://www.unfpa.org/events/menendfgm "Partnership with Men and Boys to transform Social and Gender Norms to end FGM."]<ref name="unfpa.org"/>

On 10 December 2016 ([[Human Rights Day]]), a group of Dawoodi Bohra women started an online petition calling for FGM to be banned. A similar petition was conducted by the group a year earlier; that petition was submitted to India's Women and Child Development Minister [[Maneka Gandhi]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Human Rights Day: Dawoodi Bohra women launch petition to ban female genital mutilation |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/human-rights-day-dawoodi-bohra-women-launch-petition-to-ban-female-genital-mutilation-3149416.html |work=Firstpost |date=10 December 2016 |access-date=9 November 2018}}</ref> Also that month, Dawoodi Bohra women petitioned the United Nations demanding that India be recognised as a country where Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) or Female Genital Cutting (FGC) is practised.<ref>{{cite news|title=Declare India country with FGM prevalence |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/%E2%80%98Declare-India-country-with-FGM-prevalence%E2%80%99/article16780276.ece |last=Shelar |first=Jyoti |date=9 December 2016 |access-date=9 November 2018|newspaper=The Hindu }}</ref> In September 2017, when the 36th regular session of the [[United Nations Human Rights Council]] (UNHRC) was conducting a [[Universal Periodic Review]] of India, a written submission on FGM in India was presented at a side event. That was the first time the issue of FGM in India had been raised at the United Nations.<ref name="Punwani" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Campaigners against female genital mutilation call upon UNHRC to address issue |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/campaigners-against-female-genital-mutilation-call-upon-unhrc-to-address-issue-4074773.html |date=23 September 2017 |access-date=9 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=FGM campaigner knocks at UNHRC doors to address FGM in India |url=http://www.wespeakout.org/posts/fgm-campaigner-knocks-at-unhrc-doors-to-address-fgm-in-india/ |date=22 September 2017 |access-date=9 November 2018 |archive-date=10 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110080418/http://www.wespeakout.org/posts/fgm-campaigner-knocks-at-unhrc-doors-to-address-fgm-in-india/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==== The Dawoodi Bohra Women for Religious Freedom ====
The Dawoodi Bohra Women for Religious Freedom (DBWRF) was established in May 2017 by six Bohra women to support their "beliefs, customs, culture and religious rights". It claims to represent the views of nearly 75,000 women who are followers of Mufaddal Saifuddin. The DBWRF states that the form of FGM practiced by the Dawoodi Bohra is a harmless procedure and not mutilation.<ref name="MohuaDas">{{cite web|title=2 women doctors promote female genital mutilation, may face action |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/defying-dissent-2-women-docs-promote-fgm-may-face-action/articleshow/58952494.cms |last=Das |first=Mohua |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=2 June 2017 |access-date=9 November 2018}}</ref><ref name="Julios">{{cite book|title=Female Genital Mutilation and Social Media |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nmNwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT62 |last=Julios |first=Christina |year=2018 |publisher=Routledge |pages=66–67 |isbn=9781351717618}}</ref>

DBWRF's stated mission is to "stand for the rights of Dawoodi Bohra women in India" to ensure they have the same freedom as other citizens,<ref>{{cite web|title=Dawoodi Bohra Women for Religious Freedom |url=https://dbwrf.org/aboutus |access-date=9 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dbwrf.org/blog_details/31|title=Update: 7-judge Constitution Bench to Hear PIL of Sunita Tiwari vs Union of India|website=www.dbwrf.org|access-date=2019-11-18}}</ref> particularly by defending women who are victimised for their religious beliefs, practices,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dbwrf.org/causes/4|title=WHO's stance and the criminalization of female circumcision: The protection of or violation of human rights?|website=www.dbwrf.org|access-date=2019-11-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/khafz-circumcision-or-fgm/article26187875.ece|title=Khafz: circumcision or FGM?|last=Shelar|first=Jyoti|date=2019-02-06|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-11-19|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> customs and culture. In the face of controversy,<ref>{{Citation|title=The Stream - Female cutting among the Bohra community| date=26 April 2017 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3N5qGBmxPeU|language=en|access-date=2019-11-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://metro.co.uk/2018/09/20/twitter-backlash-as-tweet-promoting-fgm-is-seen-30000-times-7962578/|title=Twitter backlash as tweet promoting FGM is seen 30,000 times|date=2018-09-20|website=Metro|language=en|access-date=2019-11-24}}</ref> DBWRF has taken the lead in ensuring that the practice of FGM is protected.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=19 Mar 2009|title=Women in India: Egalitarianism from a Bohra Women's Perspective|url=https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/09MUMBAI112_a.html|journal=US Department of State Cables}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/defying-dissent-2-women-docs-promote-fgm-may-face-action/articleshow/58952494.cms|title=DBWRF doctors explain difference between female circumcision and FGM |date=June 2, 2017|first=Mohua |last=Das|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-11-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/bohra-women-s-group-defends-khafz-says-fgm-should-be-banned-118082500424_1.html|title=Bohra women's group defends 'khafz', says FGM should be banned|agency=Press Trust of India|date=2018-08-25|work=Business Standard India|access-date=2019-11-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=India 2016 Human Rights Report|publisher=US Department of State|year=2016|url=https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/India-1.pdf|pages=38}}</ref> In July 2018, senior advocate [[Abhishek Singhvi|Abhishek Manu Singhvi]] represented the DBWRF during proceedings in the Supreme Court and stated that "the practice of ''khafz'' is an essential part of the religion as practised by Dawoodi Bohra Community and their right to practise and propagate religion is protected under Articles 25 and 26 of the [[Constitution of India]]".<ref name="PlaguesThousands"/>

== Misogyny and FGM in India ==
Considering the discord and public aversion to FGM worldwide and specifically in India, it is significant to see the factors that affect and sustain the practice of FGM in India, misogyny being one of the leading factors.

With gender politics in mind, "In India and in the West, there is a tendency to see gender violence and misogyny in India as an expression of 'culture' and 'tradition'"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Redirecting... |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/surij12&id=351&men_tab=srchresults |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=heinonline.org}}</ref> which adds context as to why FGM is heavily unmentioned but also considered a social norm within the Indian Bohra community.

FGM is a social norm in the Indian Bohra community and, "nonconformity to social norms is commonly sanctioned to various degrees with consequences ranging from personal feelings of guilt to social exclusion, stigma, and shame" <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=O’Neill |first1=Sarah |last2=Pallitto |first2=Christina |date=July 2021 |title=The Consequences of Female Genital Mutilation on Psycho-Social Well-Being: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Research |journal=Qualitative Health Research |volume=31 |issue=9 |pages=1738–1750 |doi=10.1177/10497323211001862 |issn=1049-7323 |pmc=8438768 |pmid=34098783}}</ref> which furthers the pressure to conform to FGM in order to fit into ones community.

FGM in the Bohra community, "is believed to mark a rite of passage to adulthood, girls are robbed of their sexuality at a very young age just so the Patriarchal culture demands it."<ref name="heinonline.org">{{Cite web |title=Redirecting... |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/injlolw2&div=34&g_sent=1&casa_token=&collection=journals |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=heinonline.org}}</ref> Although, individuals within this community believe in this, women that have gone through the process feel as if it's a,"direct attack on a woman's sexuality."<ref name="heinonline.org" />

Due to such firm beliefs in this tradition other stances and claims have been made in order to reinforce the pursuit of FGM in the Bohra community. One claim made by many FGM practicing communities is that, "uncut women are prohibited from participating in important religious celebration,"<ref name="Marium Abbas Ali Habibi-2021">{{Cite journal |last=Marium Abbas Ali Habibi |date=2021 |title=FGM and Sexual Functioning: insights from the Maasai and Bohra community |url=http://rgdoi.net/10.13140/RG.2.2.27168.51204 |language=en |doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.27168.51204}}</ref> or are considered to, "bring bad luck into the bride's life."<ref name="Marium Abbas Ali Habibi-2021" />

"Understanding the complex social norms and cultural value systems that shape the meaning and significance of the practice within this community is critical to the work of anti-FGC advocates" <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Taher |first=Mariya |date=February 2017 |title=Understanding Female Genital Cutting in the Dawoodi Bohra Community: An Exploratory Survey |url=https://erepository.fmesinstitute.org/handle/123456789/1497 |language=en |archive-date=24 November 2023 |access-date=26 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124161745/https://erepository.fmesinstitute.org/handle/123456789/1497 |url-status=dead }}</ref> as it enforces that Bohra women are not dehumanized, and that their culture is still respected despite the practice of FGM.

== Supreme Court ==
[[File:Supreme Court of India 01.jpg|thumb|Part of the Supreme Court of India.]]
In May 2017, a [[Public interest litigation in India|public interest litigation]] (PIL) case was raised in India's [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]]. The case was filed by Sunita Tiwari, a lawyer based in [[Delhi]], and sought a ban on FGM in India. The Supreme Court received the petition and sought responses from four states and four central government ministries.<ref>{{cite news|title=Waging a legal battle to ban FGM |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/waging-a-legal-battle-to-ban-fgm/article18421127.ece |last=Shelar |first=Jyoti |date=11 May 2017 |access-date=9 November 2018|newspaper=The Hindu }}</ref>

An advocate for the petition claimed the practice violated children's rights under Article 14 (Right to Equality) and Article 21 (Right to Life) of the [[Constitution of India]],<ref name="crime">{{cite web|title=Female genital mutilation a crime: Centre to Supreme Court |website=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/female-genital-mutilation-a-crime-centre-to-supreme-court/articleshow/63849288.cms |date=20 April 2018 |access-date=9 November 2018}}</ref> while an advocate opposing the petition argued that ''khafz'' is an essential part of the community's religion, and their right to practise the religion is protected under Articles 25 and 26.<ref name="PlaguesThousands"/>

The Ministry of Women and Child Development reported in December 2017 that "there is no official data or study which supports the existence of FGM in India."<ref>{{cite news|title=No evidence of FGM, India government tells court, appalling activists |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-women-religion/no-evidence-of-fgm-india-government-tells-court-appalling-activists-idUSKBN1EN0QB |date=29 December 2017 |access-date=9 November 2018|newspaper=Reuters }}</ref> Earlier, in May 2017, Women and Child Development Minister [[Maneka Gandhi]] announced that the government will ban FGM if it is not voluntarily stopped.<ref>{{cite web|title=Govt will end female genital mutilation if Bohras don't: Maneka Gandhi |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/practise-of-female-genital-mutilation-should-be-banned-in-india-maneka-gandhi/story-kQhNA4rIYOLQTurkN5zAAM.html |date=29 May 2017 |last=Gupta |first=Moushumi Das |publisher=Hindustan Times |access-date=9 November 2018}}</ref>

In April 2018 India's Attorney General [[K. K. Venugopal]] asked a bench of the Supreme Court to issue directions regarding the case, saying that FGM was already a crime under existing law. The bench adjourned the case and issued notices to Kerala and [[Telangana]], having earlier notified [[Maharashtra]], [[Gujarat]], [[Rajasthan]] and Delhi.<ref name="crime"/>

In September 2018 the Supreme Court referred the PIL to a five-judge [[Constitution bench (India)|constitution bench]] at the request of Venugopal and the counsel for the Dawoodi Bohras.<ref>{{cite web|title=SC refers to five-judge bench plea against female genital mutilation |website=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/sc-refers-to-five-judge-bench-plea-against-female-genital-mutilation/articleshow/65936717.cms |date=24 September 2018 |access-date=30 May 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Female Genital Mutilation Day 8 |url=https://scobserver.clpr.org.in/court-case/ban-on-female-genital-mutilation/day-8 |date=24 September 2018 |access-date=30 May 2019 |archive-date=30 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530081017/https://scobserver.clpr.org.in/court-case/ban-on-female-genital-mutilation/day-8 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In November 2019, the Supreme Court decided that the issue of FGM be referred to a larger seven-judge bench and that it be examined alongside other women's rights issues. The court said it was a "seminal issue" regarding the power of the court to decide whether a practice is essential to a religion.<ref>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/female-genital-mutilation-petition-pending-before-supreme-court/story-rsHGOLu0z5eEg3aZjHYEIL.html "Female genital mutilation petition pending before Supreme Court"], ''Hindustan Times'', 15 November 2019.</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== See also ==
* [[Prevalence of female genital mutilation by country]]

{{female genital mutilation}}

[[Category:Female genital mutilation by country|India]]
[[Category:Women's rights in India]]
[[Category:Islam in India]]
[[Category:Human rights abuses in India]]

B. M. Croker

2026-04-29T04:38:20Z

Shailendra: put up stub

{{Short description|Irish novelist (1847-1920)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{EngvarB|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox writer
| embed =
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Bithia Mary Croker
| birth_date = 28 May 1847
| birth_place = [[Warrenpoint]], County Down, Northern Ireland
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1920|10|20|1847|5|28}}
| death_place = [[London]], England
| occupation = Writer
| genre = {{Flatlist|
* Romance
* adventure
* ghost stories
}}
| notableworks = {{Plainlist|
* ''Proper Pride''
* ''Pretty Miss Neville''
* ''Diana Barrington''
* ''Mr Jervis''
}}
| spouse = {{marriage|John Croker|1871|1911|end=died}}
| children = Eileen Whitaker MBE
| parents = {{ubl|William Sheppard|Bithia Mary Watson}}
| influences = 
| influenced = 
}}
'''Bithia Mary Croker''' (née Sheppard, 28 May 1847 – 20 October 1920) was an Irish novelist most known for her works concerning life and society in [[British India]]. She also wrote ghost stories.

==Life==
Croker was born in 1847 in [[Warrenpoint]], County Down, Northern Ireland.<ref name="ODNB">[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/55571 Rosemary Cargill Raza: "Croker, Bithia Mary (c. 1848–1920)", ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''] (Oxford, UK: OUP, 2004) Retrieved 30 October 2015. Pay-walled.</ref> Her birth year was not publicly known for a long time, which is why later years are also stated sometimes. She was the only daughter of Rev. William Sheppard, the Anglican [[Church of Ireland]] rector of Kilgefin,<ref name=":0">{{cite book|last1=Clarke|first1=Frances|url=https://dib.cambridge.org/viewReadPage.do?articleId=a2194|title=Dictionary of Irish Biography|last2=Sturgeon|first2=Sinéad|date=2009|publisher=Cambridge University Press|editor1-last=McGuire|editor1-first=James|location=Cambridge|chapter=Croker, Bithia Mary (‘B. M.’)|editor2-last=Quinn|editor2-first=James}}</ref> [[County Roscommon]], who was an ex-barrister, and Bithia Mary Sheppard. Her younger brother William Harry Cope Sheppard went on to become president of the [[Dublin]] rugby union club [[Wanderers F.C. (rugby union)|Wanderers F. C.]]<ref>[https://www.igp-web.com/IGPArchives/ire/dublin/photos/tombstones/deansgrange/deansgrange-s01.htm Headstones in Deansgrange cemetery, County Dublin], retrieved October 15, 2024.</ref> Her father died in 1855 after a protracted illness,<ref>King's County Chronicle, 2 January 1856, page 3</ref> when Bithia was eight years old. She spent parts of her childhood in Roscommon and was educated at [[Rock Ferry]], Cheshire and in [[Tours]], France. She became famous as a horsewoman with the [[Kildare]] Hunt.<ref name="Feminist">''The Feminist Companion to Literature in English'', eds Virginia Blain, Patricia Clements and Isobel Grundy (London: Batsford, 1990), p. 248. {{ISBN|9780713458480}}</ref>

In 1871, she married John Stokes Croker, an officer in the [[Royal Scots Fusiliers]] and later the [[Royal Munster Fusiliers]], in [[Rathangan, County Kildare]],<ref name="Palgrave">[https://books.google.at/books?id=ZXeiEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA358&dq The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Victorian Women's Writing], accessed 24 October 2024</ref> and they lived there for some time in Oakley House.<ref name="Roscommon Heritage">Gerry Boland: [https://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/services/community/library/local_studies_and_archives/local-studies-digital-files/roscommon-photographs/roscommon-literary-heritage-series-06.pdf Roscommon Literary Heritage Series 6 – B.M. Croker], accessed 24 October 2024.</ref> Soon after, Croker followed her husband to [[Madras]] and then to [[Bengal]]. Exclusive of trips home, she lived in India for 14 years between 1872 and 1892.<ref name="Black">Helen C. Black: [https://archive.org/details/penpencilbatonma00blaciala/page/82/mode/2up ''Mrs. Croker''. In: ''Pen, Pencil, Baton and Mask. Biographical Sketches.''] 1896, page 89. Accessed 30 October 2024.</ref> Her only child, Gertrude Eileen Celeste Croker, was born in [[Bangalore]] in December 1872 and baptized in Madras in January 1873.<ref name="Palgrave"/> Eileen was later also educated at Rock Ferry, married Albert Edward Whitaker and was appointed [[Order of the British Empire|MBE]]. Croker spent some time in the [[:Category:Hill stations in India|hill station]] of [[Wellington, Tamil Nadu|Wellington]] now in [[Tamil Nadu]], where she wrote many of her works, having begun to do so as a distraction during the hot season. After her husband's retirement with the rank of lieutenant-colonel in 1892, the couple moved to Lordello House<ref name="Roscommon Heritage"/> in [[Shankill, Dublin|Shankill]] (not [[Bray, County Wicklow]], as often stated) south of Dublin, then to London, and finally to [[Folkestone]], [[Kent]], where her husband died in 1911.<ref>There is a [http://openplaques.org/plaques/30899 blue plaque] that records her residence at 10 Radnor Cliff, [[Sandgate, Kent]], from 1897 to 1908. Retrieved 30 October 2015.</ref> Croker remained immensely interested in reading, travel and theatre. She died at 30 [[Dorset Square]], London, on 20 October 1920 and was buried in Folkestone.<ref name="ODNB"/>

==Writing==
Croker's prolific literary career spanned 38 years, from 1882 when she was 35 years old, until her death in [[London]] in 1920. Her last novel, ''The House of Rest'', was published posthumously in 1921. She wrote 42 novels and 7 volumes of short stories.<ref name="Feminist"/><ref>[http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?mode=Basic&vid=BLVU1&vl(freeText0)=Bithia%20Mary%20Croker&fn=search&tab=local_tab& British Library Catalogue search "Bithia Mary Croker"] ''explore.bl.uk'', accessed 13 March 2021</ref>

Her first novel, ''Proper Pride'' (1882), was written secretly in [[Secunderabad]] in 1880, then read aloud to other women. After she had sent the original manuscript to an editor and hadn't heard back for many months, she thought it was lost, rewrote it from memory and eventually had it published anonymously in the UK. Thought to be by a man, it received good reviews and had been reprinted 12 times by 1896. [[William Ewart Gladstone]] was observed reading it in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]].<ref name="ODNB"/> The book, according to a present-day account, "shows open sympathy with the male viewpoint and metes out punishing treatment to its spirited, horse-riding heroine, whose distrustful pride separates her from her devoted husband."<ref name="Feminist"/>

Croker's work has been praised in general for "a sensitive ear for speech, for idiom and the diction of different classes, which she reproduces in lively and entertaining dialogue." Tension often derives from threats to conventional order in society. Her second novel, ''Pretty Miss Neville'' (1883), credited to her as B. M. Croker, was as popular as the first. The burden of social convention for a woman in India unwilling to marry the man for whom she has been sent out is explored in ''The Cat's Paw'' (1902), and that of a man who sinks socially in ''The Company's Servant'' (1907). Her ''Village Tales and Jungle Tragedies'' (1895) reflect a parallel interest in Indian rural life. Altogether 17 of the novels were set in India, one in [[Burma]], and seven in Ireland.<ref name="ODNB"/> One of her novels set in Ireland, ''Terence'' (1899), was adapted for the stage and ran for two years in the United States.

There are intimations of [[Gothic fiction]] in some of Croker's work. Her 1905 story ''The Little Brass God,'' for example, involves a statue of [[Kali]], described as a "goddess of destruction", who brings various misfortunes on the Anglo-Indians who possess it. The curse is dispelled when the statue is stolen from them and dropped down a well.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ePNGNRjqiHUC&dq=Bithia+Croker&pg=PA227 Patrick Brantlinger: ''Rule of Darkness. British Literature and Imperialism, 1830–1914''] (Ithaca, NY: Cornell UP, 1988), p. 227 Retrieved 30 October 2015.</ref>

It has been claimed that her 1917 novel ''The Road to Mandalay'', set in [[Burma]], was the uncredited basis for the 1926 American silent film [[The Road to Mandalay (1926 film)|of the same name]] directed by [[Tod Browning]], of which only a 35 min version has been restored.<ref name="Feminist"/><ref name="ODNB"/> However, the similarities between the two works are less than striking and possibly coincidental.{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}}

Several of Croker's novels appeared in German, Czech, French, Spanish, Hungarian, Swedish and Norwegian translations.<ref>Several covers of translations appear in a [https://www.google.hu/search?q=B.+M.+Croker&sa=N&es_sm=93&biw=1287&bih=974&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&ved=0CBwQsAQ4CmoVChMIobuAuc3syAIVY9VyCh2qdgYN Google search] 31 October 2015.</ref> She was the most published author in the popular German low-budget edition ''Engelhorns allgemeine Romanbibliothek'' (''Engelhorn's general novel library,'' 1884–1930), with 31 of her novels and story collections published in German translations, ahead of German [[Richard Voss]] (25) and French [[Georges Ohnet]] (21).

Croker had a wide literary acquaintance in London. Her novel ''Angel'' (1901) was dedicated to another novelist whose work centres on India: [[Alice Perrin]].<ref name="ODNB"/> The author and academic [[Douglas Sladen]] went so far as to call her, with her "valued friends" Perrin and [[Flora Annie Steel]], "three who have long divided the Indian Empire with [[Rudyard Kipling]] as a realm of fiction. Each in her own department is supreme."<ref>Quoted in [https://books.google.com/books?id=1lauBwAAQBAJ&dq=Croker+%22To+Let%22&pg=PA199 Melissa Edmundson Makala: ''Women's Ghost Literature in Nineteenth-Century Britain''] (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2013), p. 199. Retrieved 31 October 2015</ref>

A volume of her ghost stories was edited by [[Richard Dalby]] at the turn of the millennium.<ref>[http://www.infinityplus.co.uk/nonfiction/number99.htm Infinity Plus review] Retrieved 31 October 2015</ref> Her story ''To Let'' (c. 1893) was included in ''The Oxford Book of Victorian Ghost Stories''.<ref>Selected and edited by Michael Cox and R. A. Gilbert (Oxford, UK: OUP, 2013 [1991]), p. 346 ff.</ref>

==Bibliography==
===Novels===
*''Proper Pride: A Novel'' (London: Tinsley Brothers, 1882, 3 vol.) {{ISBN|978-1333220228}}
*''Pretty Miss Neville'' (London: Tinsley Brothers, 1883, 3 vol.) {{ISBN|978-1020289781}}
*''Some One Else'' (London: Sampson Low, 1885, 3 vol.) {{ISBN|9781770912540}}
*''A Bird of Passage'' (London: Sampson Low, 1886, 3 vol.) {{ISBN|9780267204373}}
*''Diana Barrington: A Romance of Central India'' (London: Ward and Downey, 1888, 3 vol.) {{ISBN|978-1240883219}}
*''Two Masters: A Novel'' (London: F V White, 1890, 3 vol.) {{ISBN|9783337996178}}
*''Interference: A Novel'' (London: F V White, 1891, 3 vol.) {{ISBN|9781250243621}}
*''A Family Likeness: A Sketch in the Himalayas'' (London: Chatto and Windus, 1892, 3 vol.) {{ISBN|9781358663383}}
*''A Third Person: A Novel'' (London: F V White, 1893, 2 vol.) {{ISBN|9780243980765}}
*''Mr Jervis'' (London: Chatto and Windus, 1894, 3 vol.) {{ISBN|9780483751026}}
*''Married or Single?'' (London: Chatto and Windus, 1895, 3 vol.) {{ISBN|9780803271920}}
*''The Real Lady Hilda: A Sketch'' (London: Chatto and Windus, 1896, 1 vol.) {{ISBN|9783368926151}}
*''Beyond the Pale'' (London: Chatto and Windus, 1897, 1 vol.) {{ISBN|9781502801708}}
*''[https://www.kent-maps.online/19c/19c-croker-missbalmaine/ Miss Balmaine's Past]'' (London: Chatto and Windus, 1898, 1 vol.) {{ISBN|9780332852911}}
*''Peggy of the Bartons'' (London: Methuen, 1898, 1 vol.) {{ISBN|9780483896734}}
*''Infatuation'' (London: Chatto & Windus, 1899) {{ISBN|9781356025459}}
*''Terence'' (London: Chatto and Windus, 1899, 1 vol.) {{ISBN|9780526042005}}
*''Angel: A Sketch in Indian Ink'' (London: Methuen, 1901, 1 vol.) {{ISBN|9780332979441}}
*''The Cat's Paw'' (London: Chatto & Windus, 1902) {{ISBN|9781342239457}}
*''Johanna'' (London: Methuen & Co., 1903) {{ISBN|9781022790667}}
*''The Happy Valley'' (London: Methuen & Co., 1904) {{ISBN|978-1346382227}}
*''Her Own People'' (London: Hurst & Blackett, 1905) {{ISBN|9780364901366}}
*''A Nine Days' Wonder'' (London: Methuen & Co., 1905) {{ISBN|9780243251117}}
*''The Youngest Miss Mowbray'' (London: Hurst & Blackett, 1906) {{ISBN|978-0855941499}}
*''The Company's Servant: A Romance of Southern India'' (London: Hurst & Blackett, 1907) {{ISBN|9780483762862}}
*''The Spanish Necklace'' (London: Chatto & Windus, 1907) {{ISBN|9780259376873}}
*''Katherine the Arrogant'' (London: Methuen & Co., 1909) {{ISBN|9781494161590}}
*''Babes in the Wood'' (London: Methuen & Co., 1910) {{ISBN|9780385549073}}
*''Fame'' (London: Mills and Boon, 1910)<ref name="Jarndyce" > Jarndyce Booksellers' catalogue ''Women Writers 1795–1927 Part I: A–F'' (London, Summer 2017).</ref>
*''A Rolling Stone'' (London: F. V. White & Co., 1911)<ref>[http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?frbrVersion=3&tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01000822554&indx=1&recIds=BLL01000822554&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=3&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28BLCONTENT%29&vl(2084770704UI0)=any&tb=t&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&srt=rank&tab=local_tab&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=Bithia%20Mary%20Croker%20A%20Rolling%20Stone&dstmp=1615661578981 ''A Rolling Stone''] British Library Catalogue, ''explore.bl.uk'', accessed 13 March 2021</ref> {{ISBN|9780332045764}}
*''The Serpent's Tooth'' (London: Hutchinson & Co., 1912)<ref>[http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01000822555&indx=1&recIds=BLL01000822555&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28BLCONTENT%29&vl(2084770704UI0)=any&tb=t&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&srt=rank&tab=local_tab&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=Bithia%20Mary%20Croker%20The%20Serpent%27s%20Tooth&dstmp=1615661647767 ''The Serpent's Tooth''] British Library Catalogue, ''explore.bl.uk'', accessed 13 March 2021</ref> {{ISBN|9781359457721}}
*''In Old Madras'' (London: Hutchinson & Co., 1913)<ref>[http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLLSFX5280000000036390&indx=1&recIds=BLLSFX5280000000036390&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28BLCONTENT%29&vl(2084770704UI0)=any&tb=t&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&srt=rank&tab=local_tab&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=Bithia%20Mary%20Croker%20In%20Old%20Madras&dstmp=1615661724553 ''In Old Madras''] British Library Catalogue, ''explore.bl.uk'', accessed 13 March 2021</ref> {{ISBN|9788171679379}}
*''Lismoyle'' (London: Hutchinson & Co., 1914<ref>[http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01000822526&indx=1&recIds=BLL01000822526&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28BLCONTENT%29&vl(2084770704UI0)=any&tb=t&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&srt=rank&tab=local_tab&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=Bithia%20Mary%20Croker%20Lismoyle&dstmp=1615661786230 ''Lismoyle: an experiment in Ireland''] British Library Catalogue, ''explore.bl.uk'', accessed 13 March 2021</ref> {{ISBN|9781434467294}}
*''Quicksands'' (London: Cassell and Company, 1915)<ref>[http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01000822548&indx=1&recIds=BLL01000822548&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28BLCONTENT%29&vl(2084770704UI0)=any&tb=t&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&srt=rank&tab=local_tab&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=Bithia%20Mary%20Croker%20Quicksands&dstmp=1615661873388 ''Quicksands''] British Library Catalogue, ''explore.bl.uk'', accessed 13 March 2021</ref> {{ISBN|9783368930677}}
*''Given in Marriage'' (London: Hutchinson & Co., 1916)<ref>[http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01000822513&indx=1&recIds=BLL01000822513&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28BLCONTENT%29&vl(2084770704UI0)=any&tb=t&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&srt=rank&tab=local_tab&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=Bithia%20Mary%20Croker%20Given%20in%20Marriage&dstmp=1615661984297 ''Given in Marriage''] British Library Catalogue, ''explore.bl.uk'', accessed 13 March 2021</ref> {{ISBN|9781341150791}}
*''The Road to Mandalay. A Tale of Burma'' (London: Cassell & Co., 1917)<ref>[http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01000822551&indx=1&recIds=BLL01000822551&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28BLCONTENT%29&vl(2084770704UI0)=any&tb=t&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&srt=rank&tab=local_tab&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=Bithia%20Mary%20Croker%20The%20Road%20to%20Mandalay&dstmp=1615662026858 ''The Road to Mandalay. A Tale of Burma''] British Library Catalogue, ''explore.bl.uk'', accessed 13 March 2021</ref> {{ISBN|9781016133753}}
*''A Rash Experiment'' (London: Hutchinson & Co., 1917)<ref>[http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01000822549&indx=1&recIds=BLL01000822549&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28BLCONTENT%29&vl(2084770704UI0)=any&tb=t&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&srt=rank&tab=local_tab&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=Bithia%20Mary%20Croker%20A%20Rash%20Experiment&dstmp=1615662084667 ''A Rash Experiment''] British Library Catalogue, ''explore.bl.uk'', accessed 13 March 2021</ref>
*''Bridget'' (London: Hutchinson & Co., 1918)<ref>[http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?frbrVersion=2&tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01000822502&indx=1&recIds=BLL01000822502&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=2&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28BLCONTENT%29&vl(2084770704UI0)=any&tb=t&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&srt=rank&tab=local_tab&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=Bithia%20Mary%20Croker%20Bridget&dstmp=1615662125008 ''Bridget''] British Library Catalogue, ''explore.bl.uk'', accessed 13 March 2021</ref>
*''The Pagoda Tree'' (London: Cassell & Co., 1919)<ref>[http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01000822541&indx=1&recIds=BLL01000822541&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28BLCONTENT%29&vl(2084770704UI0)=any&tb=t&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&srt=rank&tab=local_tab&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=Bithia%20Mary%20Croker%20The%20Pagoda%20Tree&dstmp=1615662168219 ''The Pagoda Tree''] British Library Catalogue, ''explore.bl.uk'', accessed 13 March 2021</ref>
*''Blue China'' (London: Hutchinson & Co., 1919)<ref>[http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01000822501&indx=1&recIds=BLL01000822501&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28BLCONTENT%29&vl(2084770704UI0)=any&tb=t&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&srt=rank&tab=local_tab&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=Bithia%20Mary%20Croker%20Blue%20China&dstmp=1615662212962 ''Blue China''] British Library Catalogue, ''explore.bl.uk'', accessed 13 March 2021</ref>
*''The Chaperon'' (London: Cassell & Co., 1920)<ref>[http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?fn=search&ct=search&initialSearch=true&mode=Basic&tab=local_tab&indx=1&dum=true&srt=rank&vid=BLVU1&frbg=&tb=t&vl%28freeText0%29=Bithia+Mary+Croker+The+Chaperon&scp.scps=scope%3A%28BLCONTENT%29&vl%282084770704UI0%29=any&vl%282084770704UI0%29=title&vl%282084770704UI0%29=any ''The Chaperon''] British Library Catalogue, ''explore.bl.uk'', accessed 13 March 2021</ref>
*''The House of Rest'' (London: Cassell & Co., 1921)<ref>[http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?fn=search&ct=search&initialSearch=true&mode=Basic&tab=local_tab&indx=1&dum=true&srt=rank&vid=BLVU1&frbg=&tb=t&vl%28freeText0%29=Bithia+Mary+Croker+The+House+of+Rest&scp.scps=scope%3A%28BLCONTENT%29&vl%282084770704UI0%29=any&vl%282084770704UI0%29=title&vl%282084770704UI0%29=any ''The House of Rest''] British Library Catalogue, ''explore.bl.uk'', accessed 13 March 2021</ref>

===Short story collections===
*''To Let, etc.'' (London: Chatto and Windus, 1893) <ref>[http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?frbrVersion=3&tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01014808301&indx=1&recIds=BLL01014808301&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=3&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28BLCONTENT%29&vl(2084770704UI0)=any&tb=t&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&srt=rank&tab=local_tab&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=Bithia%20Mary%20Croker%20To%20Let%2C%20etc.&dstmp=1615663719310 ''To Let, etc.''] British Library Catalogue, ''explore.bl.uk'', accessed 13 March 2021</ref> {{ISBN|978-1279768051}}
*''Village Tales and Jungle Tragedies, etc.'' (London: Chatto and Windus, 1895)<ref>[http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?frbrVersion=3&tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01014808303&indx=1&recIds=BLL01014808303&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=3&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28BLCONTENT%29&vl(2084770704UI0)=any&tb=t&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&srt=rank&tab=local_tab&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=Bithia%20Mary%20Croker%20Village%20Tales%20and%20Jungle%20Tragedies%2C%20etc&dstmp=1615663653065 ''Village Tales and Jungle Tragedies, etc.''] British Library Catalogue, ''explore.bl.uk'', accessed 13 March 2021</ref> {{ISBN|9781241210045}}
** reprinted as ''Jungle Tales'' (London: Chatto and Windus, 1913)<ref>[http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01000822524&indx=1&recIds=BLL01000822524&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28BLCONTENT%29&vl(2084770704UI0)=any&tb=t&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&srt=rank&tab=local_tab&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=Bithia%20Mary%20Croker%20Jungle%20Tales&dstmp=1615662509479 ''Jungle Tales''] British Library Catalogue, ''explore.bl.uk'', accessed 13 March 2021</ref> {{ISBN|9783988830487}}
*''In the Kingdom of Kerry and Other Stories'' (London: Chatto and Windus, 1896)<ref>[http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?frbrVersion=3&tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01014808291&indx=1&recIds=BLL01014808291&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=3&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28BLCONTENT%29&vl(2084770704UI0)=any&tb=t&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&srt=rank&tab=local_tab&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=Bithia%20Mary%20Croker%20In%20the%20Kingdom%20of%20Kerry%20and%20Other&dstmp=1615663566275 ''In the Kingdom of Kerry, and other stories.''] British Library Catalogue, ''explore.bl.uk'', accessed 13 March 2021</ref> {{ISBN|9780259313069}}
*''Jason and Other Stories'' (London: Chatto and Windus, 1899)<ref>[http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01000822521&indx=1&recIds=BLL01000822521&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28BLCONTENT%29&vl(2084770704UI0)=any&tb=t&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&srt=rank&tab=local_tab&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=Bithia%20Mary%20Croker%20Jason%20and%20Other&dstmp=1615663489356 ''Jason, and Other Stories''] British Library Catalogue, ''explore.bl.uk'', accessed 13 March 2021</ref>
*''A State Secret and Other Stories'' (London: Methuen, 1901)<ref>[http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01000822559&indx=1&recIds=BLL01000822559&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28BLCONTENT%29&vl(2084770704UI0)=any&tb=t&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&srt=rank&tab=local_tab&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=Bithia%20Mary%20Croker%20A%20State%20Secret%20and%20Other&dstmp=1615663439541 ''A State Secret, and Other Stories''] British Library Catalogue, ''explore.bl.uk'', accessed 13 March 2021</ref> {{ISBN|9780243179879}}
*''The Old Cantonment, with Other Stories of India and Elsewhere'' (London: Methuen & Co., 1905)<ref>[http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLLSFX5280000000036405&indx=1&recIds=BLLSFX5280000000036405&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28BLCONTENT%29&vl(2084770704UI0)=any&tb=t&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&srt=rank&tab=local_tab&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=Bithia%20Mary%20Croker%20The%20Old%20Cantonment%20and%20Other&dstmp=1615662343629 ''The Old Cantonment, with Other Stories of India and Elsewhere''] British Library Catalogue, ''explore.bl.uk'', accessed 13 March 2021</ref>
*''Odds and Ends'' (London: Hutchinson & Co., 1919)<ref>[http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01000822539&indx=1&recIds=BLL01000822539&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28BLCONTENT%29&vl(2084770704UI0)=any&tb=t&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&srt=rank&tab=local_tab&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=Bithia%20Mary%20Croker%20Odds%20and%20Ends&dstmp=1615662391712 ''Odds and Ends''] British Library Catalogue, ''explore.bl.uk'', accessed 13 March 2021</ref> {{ISBN|9781601122728}}
* ''The Dread of Night. Supernatural Encounters from the British Raj. Stories by Bithia Mary Croker and [[Alice Perrin]]'' (India: Speaking Tiger, 2023) {{ISBN|978-9354475665}}

==Analysis==
An in-depth and detailed study of her novels, with special reference to her depiction of India, has been carried out by Dr Shashidhar G. Vaidya, under the supervision of Dr B. S. Naikar, former professor and chairman, Department of Studies in English, at [[Karnatak University]].<ref>[https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/96591 S. G. Vaidya: ''Image of India in the novels of Mrs B M Croker''] Karnatak University 2008. Retrieved 30 October 2024.</ref>

A discussion of the cultural context of Croker's fiction, together with close readings of several of her novels and stories, can be found in John Wilson Foster, ''Irish Novels 1890–1940: New Bearings in Culture and Fiction'' (Oxford, UK: OUP, 2008). Some present-day scholars have seen in Croker's work examples of a "conjoining of gender and colonialism".<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=SOiBAgAAQBAJ&dq=B.+M.+Croker&pg=PA90 Anindyo Roy: ''Civility and Empire. Literature and Culture in British India, 1822–1922''] (Routledge: Abingdon, UK, 2005), p. 90 Retrieved 31 October 2015 Roy's example is Croker's ''Angel: A Sketch in Indian Ink'' (1901).</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|25em}}

==Further reading==
* Helen C. Black: [https://archive.org/details/penpencilbatonma00blaciala/page/82/mode/2up ''Mrs. Croker''. In: ''Pen, Pencil, Baton and Mask. Biographical Sketches.''] 1896, p. 83-92. Accessed 20 October 2024.

==External links==
* {{Gutenberg author | id=7895| name=Bithia Mary Croker}}
* [https://india.vardill.org/croker Works by Bithia Mary Croker] at [https://india.vardill.org Veranda Archive]
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Bithia Mary Croker}}
* {{Librivox author |id=15593}}
* ''To Let'' (1906) online [https://archive.org/details/toletcroker00crok Retrieved 30 October 2015]
* [http://www.ricorso.net/rx/az-data/authors/c/Croker_BM/xtras/xtra2.htm Bibliography at ricorso.net] (Retrieved 30 October 2015)
* A portrait photograph of Croker [http://www.dublincity.ie/image/libraries/lf01-11-bm-croker Retrieved 31 October 2015]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009041013/http://www.dublincity.ie/image/libraries/lf01-11-bm-croker |date=9 October 2020 }}.
* {{LCAuth|n83124627|B. M. Croker|23|ue}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Croker, B M}}
[[Category:1840s births]]
[[Category:1920 deaths]]
[[Category:British people in British India]]
[[Category:19th-century Irish women writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Irish women writers]]
[[Category:Indian women short story writers]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:People from Warrenpoint]]
[[Category:Writers from County Down]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women novelists]]

Results of the 2024 Indian general election

2026-04-26T16:52:56Z

Shailendra: started a details

{{Short description|none}}
{{politics of India}}

The results of [[India]]'s [[Elections in India|general elections]] to constitute [[18th Lok Sabha]], held in [[2024 Indian general election|April–June 2024]] were announced on 4 and 5 June 2024.<ref name = NDTV5June>{{Cite web |title=Election Results 2024: All Seats Declared, Check Which Party Won How Many |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/2024-lok-sabha-election-results-declared-bjp-wins-in-240-congress-in-99-5820696 |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> The main contenders were two alliance groups of the Incumbent [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]] (N.D.A) led by [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]; and the Opposition [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance]] (I.N.D.I.A) led by [[Indian National Congress]].<ref name =CNBC1>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2024/06/04/indias-narendra-modi-declares-victory-despite-election-blow.html|title=India's Narendra Modi declares victory despite election blow|first=Matt|last=Clinch|publisher=CNBC|date=4 June 2024|accessdate=4 June 2024|archive-date=4 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604213407/https://www.cnbc.com/2024/06/04/indias-narendra-modi-declares-victory-despite-election-blow.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/asia/live-news/india-general-election-results-06-04-24-intl-hnk/index.html|title=India decides: Modi declares victory in election but his party faces shock losses|first1=Rhea|last1=Mogul|first2=Jessie|last2=Yeung|first3=Diksha|last3=Madhok|first4=Antoinette|last4=Radford|publisher=CNN|date=4 June 2024|accessdate=4 June 2024|archive-date=4 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604051935/https://www.cnn.com/asia/live-news/india-general-election-results-06-04-24-intl-hnk/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In the [[18th Lok Sabha|legislative house]] of 543 seats, the incumbent [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA Alliance]] secured majority with 293 seats, which included [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] party's 240 seats,<ref name=TH5June>{{Cite web |last=Sinha |first=Shishir |date=5 June 2024 |title=NDA elects Modi as leader, President dissolves Lok Sabha |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/elections/nda-elects-modi-as-leader-president-dissolves-lok-sabha/article68255830.ece |access-date=5 June 2024 |website=BusinessLine |language=en |archive-date=5 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605153429/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/elections/nda-elects-modi-as-leader-president-dissolves-lok-sabha/article68255830.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> while the opposition [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA Alliance]] got 234 seats, including the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] party's 99 seats.<ref name=BS5June>{{Cite news |last=Aggarwal |first=Raghav |date=4 June 2024 |title=INDIA alliance bloc's combined strength plays spoilsport for BJP in 2 biggest states |url=https://www.business-standard.com/elections/lok-sabha-election/india-bloc-s-combined-strength-plays-spoilsport-for-bjp-in-2-biggest-states-124060401570_1.html |access-date=5 June 2024 |work=Business Standard |archive-date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604151957/https://www.business-standard.com/elections/lok-sabha-election/india-bloc-s-combined-strength-plays-spoilsport-for-bjp-in-2-biggest-states-124060401570_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On June 9, 2024, [[Narendra Modi]] took oath as Prime Minister, having been elected the leader of the NDA alliance, though BJP lost its majority.<ref name=BBC9June>{{Cite news |date=9 June 2024 |title=Narendra Modi sworn in for third term at grand ceremony in Delhi |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c3ggnm7r75yo |access-date=10 June 2024 |work=BBC |archive-date=9 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609141931/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c3ggnm7r75yo |url-status=live }}</ref>

This article describes the performance of various political parties. For the performance of individual candidates, please see, [[List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha]].
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
|caption='''Seat share of parties in the election'''|other=yes
|value1=44.20|label1=[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|color1={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|value2=18.24|label2=[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|color2={{party color|Indian National Congress}}
|value3=6.82|label3=[[Samajwadi Party|SP]]|color3={{party color|Samajwadi Party}}
|value4=5.35|label4=[[Trinamool Congress|AITC]]|color4={{party color|Trinamool Congress}}
|value5=4.06|label5=[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]|color5={{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|value6=3.21|label6=[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]|color6={{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|value7=2.95|label7=[[Janata Dal (United)|JD(U)]]|color7={{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}
|value8=1.66|label8=[[Shiv Sena (UBT)|SS(UBT)]]|color8={{party color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}
|value9=1.48|label9=[[Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar|NCP(SP)]]|color9={{party color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}
|value10=1.29|label10=[[Shiv Sena|SS]]|color10={{party color|Shiv Sena}}
|other-color={{Party color|Other}}
}}

{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
|caption='''Vote share of parties in the election'''|other=yes
|value1=36.93|label1=[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|color1={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|value2=21.40|label2=[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|color2={{party color|Indian National Congress}}
|value3=4.62|label3=[[Samajwadi Party|SP]]|color3={{party color|Samajwadi Party}}
|value4=4.41|label4=[[Trinamool Congress|AITC]]|color4={{party color|Trinamool Congress}}
|value5=2.09|label5=[[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]|color5={{party color|YSR Congress Party}}
|value6=2.06|label6=[[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]]|color6={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|value7=1.99|label7=[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]|color7={{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|value8=1.84|label8=[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]|color8={{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|value9=1.77|label9=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|color9={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|value10=1.58|label10=[[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]]|color10={{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|value11=1.50|label11=[[Shiv Sena (UBT)|SS (UBT)]]|color11={{party color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}
|value12=1.48|label12=[[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]|color12={{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|value13=1.40|label13=[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]|color13={{Party color| Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|value14=1.25|label14=[[Janata Dal (United)|JD(U)]]|color14={{Party color|Janata Dal (United)}}
|value15=1.16|label15=[[Shiv Sena|SS]]|color15={{Party color|Shiv Sena}}
|other-color={{Party color|Other}}
}}

== Overview ==

The BJP-led NDA surpassed the majority threshold of 272 and won 293 seats. However, unlike the [[2019 Indian general election|previous election]], the BJP did not win a majority in both houses of parliament having only won 240 seats (losing 63 seats from the 303 seats they previously held since 2019 as well as losing their 10-year long benefit of being the sole-controller of both houses of parliament since 2014) in the [[Lok Sabha]].<ref name = NDTV5June>{{Cite web |title=Election Results 2024: All Seats Declared, Check Which Party Won How Many |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/2024-lok-sabha-election-results-declared-bjp-wins-in-240-congress-in-99-5820696 |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> However, Modi became the second Indian prime minister to be re-elected for a third consecutive term, since [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]'s re-election in [[1962 Indian general election|1962]], the third Indian prime minister to be able to rule for more than 10 years after Nehru (15 years) & [[Indira Gandhi]] (14 years) & the second BJP leader after [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] to be able to lead the party into becoming the single largest party in the Lok Sabha thrice.

The INC-led INDIA alliance gained 234 seats out of which 99 were won by the Congress Party. 37 seats were won by the [[Samajwadi Party|SP]] while 29 seats from [[West Bengal]] were won by the [[Mamata Banerjee]]-led [[Trinamool Congress]]. The final wins by the alliance were stronger than previous predictions from exit polls.<ref name=BBC9June>{{Cite news |date=9 June 2024 |title=Narendra Modi sworn in for third term at grand ceremony in Delhi |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c3ggnm7r75yo |access-date=10 June 2024 |work=BBC |archive-date=9 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609141931/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c3ggnm7r75yo |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=BS5June/>

The BJP lost 63 seats while its two main partners, the [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]] and the [[Janata Dal (United)|JD(U)]], gained 13 seats and lost 4, respectively. Within the opposition alliance, the Congress party gained 47 seats, the SP gained 32 seats, and the Trinamool Congress gained 7
seats. [[Uttar Pradesh]], West Bengal and [[Maharashtra]] had earlier indications of an overwhelming BJP and allies victory but ultimately were won by the opposition with the SP winning in UP, the Trinamool Congress in Bengal and the [[Shiv Sena (UBT)|SS-UBT]], the Congress Party and the [[Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar|NCP-SP]] winning Maharashtra.<ref name=BS5June/>

According to [[Reuters]], a key reason for BJP losing its majority in 2024 was the narrative by the Opposition parties that BJP's target of [[Abki Baar 400 Paar|obtaining more than 400 seats]] was aimed to bring about sweeping amendments to the Constitution involving removal of [[Gandhism|Gandhian ideals]] as [[Directive Principles|the guiding principles of the government]] & replacing them with its [[Hindutva]] narrative, the most notable among the proposed changes being altering the [[Reservation in India|reservation quotas]], based on the remarks by some prominent BJP leaders.<ref name=Reuters14June>{{Cite news |date=14 June 2024 |title=India's opposition leveraged caste and constitution to shock Modi in election |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/indias-opposition-leveraged-caste-constitution-shock-modi-election-2024-06-14/ |access-date=15 June 2024 |work=Reuters}}</ref>

== Results by party and alliances ==
{| class=wikitable sortable style=text-align:right
!colspan=7 style=background-color:#F8F9FA|[[File:18th_Lok_Sabha.svg]]
|-
!colspan=4|Party/alliance
!Votes
!%
!Seats
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} rowspan=26| ||align=left rowspan=26|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]||bgcolor={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}| ||align=left|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]||235,974,144||36.56||240
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}| ||align=left|[[Telugu Desam Party]]||12,775,270||1.98||16
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}| ||align=left|[[Janata Dal (United)]]||8,039,663||1.25||12
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Shiv Sena}}| ||align=left|[[Shiv Sena]]||7,401,447||1.15||7
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)}}| ||align=left|[[Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)]]||2,810,250||0.44||5
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}| ||align=left|[[Janata Dal (Secular)]]||2,173,701||0.34||2
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}| ||align=left|[[Nationalist Congress Party]] ||2,059,179 ||0.32 ||1
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}| ||align=left|[[Pattali Makkal Katchi]] ||1,879,689 ||0.29 ||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Jana Sena Party}}| ||align=left|[[Jana Sena Party]] ||1,454,138 ||0.23||2
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}| ||align=left|[[Asom Gana Parishad]]||1,298,707||0.20||1
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}| ||align=left|[[Rashtriya Lok Dal]]||893,460||0.14||2
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Apna Dal (Soneylal)}}| ||align=left|[[Apna Dal (Soneylal)]]||808,245||0.13||1
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Bharath Dharma Jana Sena}}| ||align=left|[[Bharath Dharma Jana Sena]]||505,753||0.08||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Hindustani Awam Morcha}}| ||align=left|[[Hindustani Awam Morcha]]||494,960||0.08||1
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|United People's Party Liberal}}| ||align=left|[[United People's Party Liberal]]||488,995||0.08||1
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Samaj Paksha}}| ||align=left|[[Rashtriya Samaj Paksha]]||521,746||0.08||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|All Jharkhand Students Union}}| ||align=left|[[All Jharkhand Students Union]]||458,677||0.07||1
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|National People's Party (India)}}| ||align=left|[[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]]||417,930||0.06||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Tamil Maanila Congress}}| ||align=left|[[Tamil Maanila Congress]]||410,401||0.06||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazhagam}}| ||align=left|[[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazhagam]]||393,415||0.06||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party}}| ||align=left|[[Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party]]||350,967||0.05||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party}}| ||align=left|[[Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party]]||340,188||0.05||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Naga People's Front}}| ||align=left|[[Naga People's Front]]||299,536||0.05||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Lok Morcha}}| ||align=left|[[Rashtriya Lok Morcha]]||253,876||0.04||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha}}| ||align=left|[[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha]]||164,396||0.03||1
|-
|align=left colspan=2|''Total''||''282,668,733''||''43.80''||''293''
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} rowspan=26| ||align=left rowspan=26|[[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]||bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}}| ||align=left|[[Indian National Congress]]||136,758,952||21.19||99
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Samajwadi Party}}| ||align=left|[[Samajwadi Party]]||29,549,389||4.58||37
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}| ||align=left|[[All India Trinamool Congress]]||28,213,393||4.37||29
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}| ||align=left|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]||11,754,710||1.82||22
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}| ||align=left|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]||11,342,553||1.76||4
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}| ||align=left|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]||10,107,402||1.57||4
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}| ||align=left|[[Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)]]||9,567,779||1.48||9
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}| ||align=left|[[Aam Aadmi Party]]||7,147,800||1.11||3
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}| ||align=left|[[Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar]]||5,921,162||0.92||8
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Communist Party of India}}| ||align=left|[[Communist Party of India]]||3,157,184||0.49||2
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}| ||align=left|[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]||2,652,955||0.41||3
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}| ||align=left|[[Indian Union Muslim League]]||1,716,186||0.27||3
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation}}| ||align=left|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation]]||1,736,761||0.27||2
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Bharat Adivasi Party}}| ||align=left|[[Bharat Adivasi Party]]||1,257,056||0.19||1
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Vikassheel Insaan Party}}| ||align=left|[[Vikassheel Insaan Party]]||1,187,455||0.18||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference}}| ||align=left|[[Jammu and Kashmir National Conference]]||1,147,041||0.18||2
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi}}| ||align=left|[[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi]]||990,237||0.15||2
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Loktantrik Party}}| ||align=left|[[Rashtriya Loktantrik Party]]||596,955||0.09||1
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}| ||align=left|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]||587,363||0.09||1
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}| ||align=left|[[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]||542,213||0.08||1
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party}}| ||align=left|[[Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party]]||435,980||0.07||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Assam Jatiya Parishad}}| ||align=left|[[Assam Jatiya Parishad]]||414,441||0.06||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Kerala Congress}}| ||align=left|[[Kerala Congress]]||364,631||0.06||1
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|All India Forward Bloc}}| ||align=left|[[All India Forward Bloc]]||284,269||0.04||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Kerala Congress (Mani)}}| ||align=left|[[Kerala Congress (Mani)]]||277,365||0.04||0
|-
|align=left colspan=2|''Total''||''267,711,232'''||''41.48''||''234''
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|YSR Congress Party}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[YSR Congress Party]]||13,316,134||2.06||4
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]||13,153,830||2.04||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Biju Janata Dal]]||9,412,674||1.46||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]||8,952,587||1.39||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Bharat Rashtra Samithi}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]]||3,657,237||0.57||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Naam Tamilar Katchi}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Naam Tamilar Katchi]]||3,600,088||0.56||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]||1,814,318||0.28||1
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi]]||1,582,855||0.25||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]||1,400,215||0.22||1
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam]]||1,128,616||0.17||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Bodoland People's Front}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Bodoland People's Front]]||777,570||0.12||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)]]||691,820||0.11||1
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian Secular Front}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Indian Secular Front]]||650,229||0.10||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|All India United Democratic Front}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[All India United Democratic Front]]||625,954||0.10||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Voice of the People Party (Meghalaya)}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Voice of the People Party (Meghalaya)|Voice of the People Party]]||571,078||0.09||1
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)]]||521,749||0.08||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)]]||480,987||0.07||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Gondwana Ganatantra Party}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Gondwana Ganatantra Party]]||312,997||0.05||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi]]||254,517||0.04||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Peoples Party of India (Democratic)||247,985||0.04||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Lok Dal}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Indian National Lok Dal]]||226,975||0.04||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Zoram People's Movement}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Zoram People's Movement]]||208,552||0.03||1
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party]]||208,149||0.03||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Swabhimani Paksha}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Swabhimani Paksha]]||185,371||0.03||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Gana Suraksha Party}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Gana Suraksha Party]]||180,000||0.03||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference]]||174,890||0.03||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Jansambhavna Party||168,740||0.03||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Republican Party of India (Athawale)}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Republican Party of India (Athawale)]]||156,302||0.02||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Twenty 20 Party||145,450||0.02||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Mizo National Front}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Mizo National Front]]||140,264||0.02||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Ambedkarite Party of India}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Ambedkarite Party of India]]||132,444||0.02||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bhartiya Shakti Chetna Party||115,024||0.02||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Jannayak Janta Party}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Jannayak Janta Party]]||113,827||0.02||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Akhil Bhartiya Parivar Party||110,212||0.02||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Alliance of Democratic Reforms Party||108,334||0.02||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Prahar Janshakti Party}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Prahar Janshakti Party]]||90,759||0.01||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Citizen Action Party – Sikkim}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Citizen Action Party – Sikkim]]||83,566||0.01||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|New Rashtriya Samaj Party||83,046||0.01||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Bharatheeya Jawan Kisan Party}}| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharatheeya Jawan Kisan Party||78,104||0.01||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Sikkim Democratic Front}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Sikkim Democratic Front]]||77,171||0.01||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bahujan Maha Party||76,254||0.01||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Viro Ke Vir Indian Party||75,950||0.01||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Bahujan Mukti Party}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Bahujan Mukti Party]]||73,935||0.01||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Samata Party}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Samata Party]]||73,318||0.01||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Navarang Congress Party||67,432||0.01||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Samnak Janta Party||67,374||0.01||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Revolutionary Goans Party}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Revolutionary Goans Party]]||64,629||0.01||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Voters Party International||63,496||0.01||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Lokhit Adhikar Party||62,136||0.01||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Moolniwasi Samaj Party||61,033||0.01||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Ikkjutt Jammu}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Ikkjutt Jammu|Ekam Sanatan Bharat Dal]]||61,024||0.01||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Right to Recall Party}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Right to Recall Party]]||58,024||0.01||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Shoshit Samaj Party||53,911||0.01||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bhagidari Party (P)||51,979||0.01||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Karnataka Rashtra Samithi}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Karnataka Rashtra Samithi]]||51,529||0.01||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Sardar Patel Siddhant Party||46,145||0.01||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Republican Party of India (A)}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Republican Party of India (A)]]||45,567||0.01||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)]]||44,563||0.01||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of India}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Social Democratic Party of India]]||42,465||0.01||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Hamar Raj Party||40,746||0.01||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Democratic Progressive Azad Party}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Democratic Progressive Azad Party]]||40,665||0.01||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Uttama Prajaakeeya Party}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Uttama Prajaakeeya Party]]||40,491||0.01||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Indian Peoples Green Party||39,778||0.01||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Apna Dal (Kamerawadi)}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Apna Dal (Kamerawadi)]]||39,128||0.01||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Dharma Samaj Party||38,730||0.01||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Peace Party of India}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Peace Party of India]]||38,506||0.01||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Baliraja Party||33,787||0.01||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bahujan Bharat Party||32,870||0.01||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtra Uday Party||30,073||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Bahujan Republican Socialist Party}}| ||align=left colspan=3|Bahujan Republican Socialist Party||29,619||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Aadarsh Mithila Party||29,550||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Samaj Shakti Party||29,235||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Samanta Dal}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Rashtriya Samanta Dal]]||28,340||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharatiya Nyay-Adhikar Raksha Party||28,192||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharatiya Yuva Jan Ekta Party||27,969||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Pyramid Party of India}}| ||align=left colspan=3|Pyramid Party of India||27,966||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharatiya Gana Parishad||27,554||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Abhinav Rajasthan Party||26,294||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharatiya Praja Aikyata Party||26,271||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Moulik Adhikar Party||25,490||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Bhim Sena}}| ||align=left colspan=3|[[Bhim Sena]]||25,345||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Sanyukt Kisan Vikas Party||25,291||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Prabuddha Republican Party}}| ||align=left colspan=3|Prabuddha Republican Party||24,361||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bhartiya Sarthak Party||23,640||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party (Bhim){{Anchor|minorparties}}||23,268||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Jatiya Jana Sena Party||22,935||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Jai Bharat National Party||22,466||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Al-Hind Party||22,308||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Yuga Thulasi Party||22,247||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Jagrook Janta Party||21,566||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bahujan Dravida Party||21,388||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Shakti Sena (Bharat Desh)||21,036||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Maharashtra Vikas Aghadi||20,721||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Desh Janhit Party||20,498||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Manas Lokshakti Dal||20,450||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Sarv Adi Dal||20,348||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Log Party||20,123||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Socialist Party (India)||19,941||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Jharkhand Party||19,527||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Jan Kalyan Party Secular||19,495||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Jharkhand People's Party||19,494||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Jansabha Party||19,318||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Republican Sena||18,793||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Naba Bharata Nirmana Seva Party||18,570||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Janta Kranti Party (Rashtravadi)||18,401||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Samajhdar Party||18,223||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Jai Maha Bharath Party||18,133||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Mithilanchal Mukti Morcha||18,025||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Kisan Mazdoor Sangharsh Party||17,336||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharatha Chaitanya Yuvajana Party||17,173||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|The National Road Map Party of India||17,126||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|India Praja Bandhu Party||16,942||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Navataram Party||16,864||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Sanatan Party||16,859||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|National Apni Party||16,694||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Karpoori Janta Dal||16,512||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Wazib Adhikar Party||16,506||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Sainik Samaj Party||16,040||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bhartiya Lokmat Rashtrwadi Party||15,411||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Pragatisheel Manav Samaj Party||15,250||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Jan Janwadi Party||15,240||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Jaibhim Rao Bharat Party||15,165||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Hindustan Vikas Dal||15,140||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Aam Janta Party (India)||14,729||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Jai Prakash Janata Dal||14,477||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Praja Congress (Secular)||14,219||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Jantantra Awaj Party||14,218||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Mulnibasi Party of India||14,168||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Proutist Bloc, India||14,110||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Malwa Congress||13,925||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Hindu Samaj Party||13,824||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Ulama Council||13,657||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Jan Jan Party||13,213||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Jai Hind Party||13,014||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Naadaalum Makkal Katchi||12,895||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Swatantrata Abhivyakti Party||12,741||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Veerath Thiyagi Viswanathadoss Thozhilalarkal Katchi||12,735||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bhartiya Lok Nayak Party||12,411||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Mahanwadi Party||12,364||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Kisan Bahujan Party||12,309||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Parivartan Samaj Party||12,304||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Naki Bharatiya Ekta Party||12,299||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Praja Velugu Party||12,199||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bhartiya Rashtriya Dal||12,178||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtrawadi Janlok Party (Satya)||12,049||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Azad Adhikar Sena||12,021||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharatiya Jan Kranti Dal (Democratic)||11,914||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Anna YSR Congress Party||11,459||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Gondvana Party||11,446||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|National Loktantrik Party||11,286||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Desiya Makkal Sakthi Katchi||11,211||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Kamatapur People’s Party (United)||11,206||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bhartiya Dalit Party||11,139||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|National Jan Dal||11,116||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|United Republican Party of India||10,997||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Hindustan People's Party (Democratic)||10,992||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharatiya Momin Front||10,972||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtra Nirman Party||10,964||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Samaj Dal (R)||10,877||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Telangana Sakalajanula Party||10,859||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Swarajya Shakti Sena||10,802||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Swatantra Jantaraj Party||10,627||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Pragatisheel Samaj Party||10,553||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Apna Kisan Party||10,538||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Dalita Bahujana Party||10,311||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|National Nava Kranthi Party||10,284||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharatiya Kisan Parivartan Party||10,272||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Uttarakhand Party||10,026||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Indian National League||9,918||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Akhil Hind Forward Bloc (Krantikari)||9,902||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Asom Jana Morcha||9,895||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Devbhumi Party||9,781||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Aam Janta Party Rashtriya||9,760||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Autonomous State Demand Committee||9,633||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bahujan Samaj Party (Ambedkar)||9,391||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Sanatan Sanskriti Raksha Dal||9,347||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Jan Awaz Party||9,299||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Telangana Praja Shakthi Party||9,290||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Uttarakhand Kranti Dal||9,270||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharatiya National Janata Dal||9,258||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharatiya Bahujan Congress||9,165||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Jan Sewa Driver Party||9,135||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Anti Corruption Dynamic Party||9,128||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Samaniya Makkal Nala Katchi||8,990||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Minorities Democratic Party||8,978||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Hindrashtra Sangh||8,970||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Jai Samta Party||8,933||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Janata Congress||8,900||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Liberation Congress Party||8,900||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bhartiya Kranti Vir Party||8,749||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Yuva Krantikari Party||8,736||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Akhil Bhartiya Apna Dal||8,678||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Abhay Samaj Party||8,583||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|New India United Party||8,542||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Social Justice Party of India||8,519||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Mera Adhikaar Rashtriya Dal||8,514||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Democratic Bharatiya Samaj Party||8,472||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Jammu and Kashmir Nationalist People's Front||8,453||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Parcham Party of India||8,404||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Dhanwan Bharat Party||8,389||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Nationalist Justice Party||8,357||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Eklavya Samaj Party||8,352||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Aravor Munnetra Kazhagam||8,345||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Andaman Nicobar Democratic Congress||8,254||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Purvanchal Mahapanchayat||8,217||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Janhit Sankalp Party||8,194||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Aas Punjab Party||8,114||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Dr. Ambedkar People's Party||8,089||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Dhesiya Makkal Kazhagam||8,089||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Hindustan Janta Party||7,914||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Jansangharsh Swaraj Party||7,803||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Ganasangam Party of India||7,776||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Gunj Satya Ni Janata Party||7,761||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bajjikanchal Vikas Party||7,747||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharat Jan Jagran Dal||7,736||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Global Republican Party||7,734||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Praja Shanthi Party||7,696||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Jai Swaraj Party||7,684||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Jankranti Party||7,646||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Haryana Jansena Party||7,646||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Loktantrik Samajwadi Party||7,554||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Naam Indiar Party||7,430||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|All India Arya Mahasabha||7,345||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Manavtawadi Samaj Party||7,136||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Samruddha Odisha||7,087||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Marxist Leninist Party of India (Red Flag)||7,085||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Jan Sangh Party||7,060||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Sarv Samaj Party||6,879||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Andhra Rastra Praja Samithi||6,846||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Subhashwadi Bhartiya Samajwadi Party (Subhas Party)||6,698||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Vishwa Kalyan Rashtriya Manav Samaj Party||6,678||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Party for Democratic Socialism||6,651||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Arunachal Democratic Party||6,622||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Jansanchar Dal||6,617||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Samata Samadhan Party||6,614||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Nyaydharmsabha||6,607||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bheem Tribal Congress||6,603||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Loktantrik Samajik Nyay Party||6,542||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Samaj Vikas Kranti Party||6,373||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharat Jago Janta Party||6,340||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Janshakti Party (Secular)||6,251||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Chhattisgarh Vikas Ganga Rashtriya Party||6,227||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bhartiya Awam Party (Rastriya)||6,160||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Aapki Awaaz Party||6,087||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Sanman Rajkiya Paksha||6,075||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|North Bengal People’s Party||6,073||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharat Jodo Party||6,045||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Aapki Apni Party (Peoples)||6,033||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bhartiya Jan Samman Party||5,968||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtra Sewa Dal||5,919||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Telugu Rajadhikara Samiti Party||5,906||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bhartiya Lok Chetna Party||5,852||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Aihra National Party||5,833||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Indian National Socialistic Action Forces||5,781||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Uttarakhand Parivartan Party||5,778||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Sarva Janata Party||5,771||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bhartiya Krishak Dal||5,723||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtravadi Bharat Party||5,702||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Hindustan Shakti Sena||5,625||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharatiya Aam Awam Party||5,585||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Jaathia Chethi Vruthula Ikya Vedika Party||5,568||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Karnataka Jantha Paksha||5,491||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Adarsh Nyay Rakshak Party||5,484||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|All India Majlis-E-Inquilab-E-Millat||5,454||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Jai Hind National Party||5,451||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|National Awami United Party||5,319||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Samaj Parivartan Party||5,303||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Samyak Party||5,250||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Krupaa Party||5,242||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Delhi Janta Party||5,235||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Dharmarajya Paksha||5,233||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bhartiya Navjawan Sena (Paksha)||5,183||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Kisan Kranti Dal||5,153||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Party||5,152||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Sapaks Party||5,149||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Sabhi Jan Party||5,147||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Apni Ekta Party||5,139||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Garib Dal||5,105||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Loktantra Congress Party||5,100||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|National World Leader Party||5,063||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Public Political Party||5,054||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Janhit Kisan Party||5,030||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Political Justice Party||5,023||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Sarvjan Samta Party||5,020||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Hindustan Samaj Party||4,991||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharat Rakshak Party (Democratic)||4,961||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Jay Vidarbha Party||4,951||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Punjab National Party||4,934||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Amra Bangalee||4,925||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bhartiya Gandhiwadi Party||4,822||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Republican Party||4,801||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Sikkim Republican Party||4,799||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Puthiya Makkal Tamil Desam Katchi||4,768||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Mahaswaraj Bhumi Party||4,764||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Vidhyarthula Rajakiya Party||4,747||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bhartiya Rashtriya Ekta Dal||4,732||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Anna MGR Dravida Makkal Kalgam||4,629||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Shoshit Samaj Dal||4,618||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Janseva Gondwana Party||4,617||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharat Mahaparivar Party||4,582||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Janshakti Samta Party||4,577||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Tipu Sultan Party||4,547||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bhartiya Samajik Party||4,507||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Karunaadu Party||4,481||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Telangana Rashtra Punahnirmana Samithi||4,433||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Azad Janata Party||4,429||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rishivadi Karm Sheel Young Parmarthi Party||4,401||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Jebamani Janata||4,356||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bhartiya Panchsheel Party||4,345||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharatiya Asha Party||4,300||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Apna Desh Party||4,297||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Kalinga Sena||4,284||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Akhil Bhartiya Hamara Samaj Party||4,225||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Gujarat Sarva Samaj Party||4,211||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|National Maha Sabha Party||4,184||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Karunada Sevakara Party||4,175||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Loktantrik Lok Rajyam Party||4,169||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Apni Prajahit Party||4,109||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Apna Haq Party||4,094||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Swaraj Bhartiya Nyay Party||4,088||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Indian Peoples Adhikar Party||4,041||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Tamilaga Makkal Thannurimai Katchi||4,033||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bhartiya Jan Parishad||4,020||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharathiya YuvaKula Dalam||4,007||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bahujan Awam Party||3,989||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Garib Kalyan Party||3,979||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Lok Jan Sangharsh Party||3,954||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Akhand Bharat Samrajya Party||3,930||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Samta Vikas Party||3,926||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtrawadi Chetna Party||3,915||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Manav Party||3,905||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Akhil Bhartiya Sarvjan Hit Party||3,892||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Akhila Vijaya Party||3,882||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Gondwana Dandkaranya Party||3,857||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Swatantra Kisan Party||3,849||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Uttarakhand Samanta Party||3,845||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Mizoram People's Conference||3,793||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Insaniyat Party||3,790||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Thakkam Katchi||3,785||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharat Nirman Party||3,772||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Telugu Nava Garjana Party||3,741||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Country Citizen Party||3,712||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Asankhya Samaj Party||3,672||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Sanyukt Bharat Paksh||3,656||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Mana Telangana Rashtra Samaikya Party||3,634||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Jai Sewalal Bahujan Vikas Party||3,628||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|All India Youth Development Party||3,528||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Lok Sewa Dal||3,519||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Marxist Communist Party of India (United)||3,505||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Naari Nar Rakshak Party||3,501||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharatiya Bikash Parishad||3,430||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Prabuddhwadi Bahujan Morcha||3,414||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Sunder Samaj Party||3,409||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|People's Party of India(secular)||3,392||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Jan Raajya Party||3,376||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharatiya Rashtriya Morcha||3,358||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Vanchitsamaj Insaaf Party||3,330||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Sarvjan Lok Shakti Party||3,280||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Janta Samta Party||3,264||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Janshakti Party(Eklavya)||3,263||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Majloom Samaj Party||3,237||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtra Samarpan Party||3,205||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Aam Janmat Party,||3,205||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Republican Party of India||3,204||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Republican Bahujan Sena||3,161||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Abua Jharkhand Party||3,155||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bhartiya Jantantra Morcha||3,094||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Anna Puratchi Thalaivar Amma Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam||3,078||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bhumiputra United Party||3,018||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bhartiya Azad Sena||3,018||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Lok Swarajya Party||2,992||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Janshakti Samaj Party||2,988||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Mahathma Makkal Munnetra Kazhakam||2,981||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Maratha Party||2,978||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena||2,976||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Jan Shakti Dal||2,955||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Justice Party||2,946||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Sampoorna Bharat Kranti Party||2,944||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Ummeed Party of India||2,944||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Samst Samaj Party||2,904||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Navabharath Sena||2,898||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Republican Party of India (Social)||2,818||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharatiya Prajagala Kalyana Paksha||2,816||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Azad Samaj Party||2,791||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Navyug Pragatisheel Morcha||2,779||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Akhil Bharatiya Congress Dal (Ambedkar)||2,777||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Garib Democratic Party||2,748||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharatiya Praja Surajya Paksha||2,737||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Saath Sahakar Vikas Party||2,673||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Sathi Aur Aapka Faisala Party||2,666||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bhartiya Jan Samrat Party||2,640||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (Ulgulan)||2,615||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Viduthalai Kalam Katchi||2,599||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharatiya Majdoor Janta Party||2,566||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Swarajya Sena (Maharashtra)||2,533||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Smart Indians Party||2,510||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Anna Makkal Katchi||2,505||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|All India Ulama Congress||2,500||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Pragatisheel Magahi Samaj||2,468||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Gujarat Loktantra Party||2,458||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Odisha Janata Party||2,442||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharatiya Nagrik Party||2,434||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Aapka Gantantra Party||2,432||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Prajatantra Aadhar Party||2,429||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bhartiya Manavta Party||2,426||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Gareeb Aadmi Party||2,425||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Ahimsa Socialist Party||2,421||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bangali Nabanirman Sena||2,410||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|India Greens Party||2,387||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Sarva Samaj Janata Party||2,379||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Vishva Shakti Party||2,361||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Lok Sena Party||2,350||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Jantantrik Bharat Vikas Party||2,347||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|National Youth Party||2,343||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Dalit Soshit Pichhara Varg Adhikar Dal||2,342||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rayalaseema Rashtra Samithi||2,333||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Samajwadi Janata Party(Karnataka)||2,320||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Tamil Manila Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam||2,315||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Azad Party||2,311||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharat Ki Lok Jimmedar Party||2,310||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Jan Utkarsh Party||2,309||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Sawarn Dal||2,293||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Utkal Samaj||2,285||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha||2,278||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|New India Party||2,269||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Aanaithinthiya Jananayaka Pathukappu Kazhagam||2,244||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Sarvjan Awaz Party||2,239||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Chennai Youth Party||2,195||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Loktantrik Janshakti Party||2,191||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Aam Aadmi Parivartan Party||2,128||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Akhil Bhartiya Manavadhikar Vichar Manch Party||2,108||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Majdoor Kisan Union Party||2,105||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Power Party||2,101||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Jai Hind Congress Party||2,101||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Prabal Bharat Party||2,099||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Sunahara Bharat Party||2,091||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Most Backward Classes Of India||2,090||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Apna Samaj Party||2,083||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Manviya Bharat Party||2,082||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Vikas Insaf Party||2,033||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Sabse Achchhi Party||2,029||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Republican Party of India (Karnataka)||2,018||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bhartiya Sarvdharm Party||2,012||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|People’s Union Party||2,009||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Spashtwadi Jan Aadhar Party||2,003||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|National Black Panther Party||1,994||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Yuva Bihar Sena||1,990||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bhartiya Lokvani Party||1,956||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Sankhyanupati Bhagidari Party||1,949||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Saman Adhikar Party||1,943||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Janta Shashan Party||1,942||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bhartiya Jan Adhikar Party||1,940||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Humanity for Peace Party||1,935||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Madhya Pradesh Jan Vikas Party||1,932||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Ulzaipali Makkal Katchy||1,929||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Mang Samaj Party||1,905||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Tamilar Makkal Katchi||1,904||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Samajwadi Lok Parishad||1,880||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharatiya Sampuran Krantikari Party||1,880||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bhartiya Asmita Party||1,874||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Kannada Chalavali Vatal Paksha||1,867||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|The Agrani Party||1,843||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bhartiya Jan Nayak Party||1,838||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Vidarbha Rajya Aghadi||1,828||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Himachal Janta Party||1,825||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Adarsh Jankalyan Dal||1,817||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Hind Ekta Dal||1,806||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Blue India Party||1,803||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Makkal Nalvaazhvuk Katchi||1,792||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Prajavani Party||1,792||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|National Party||1,767||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|People Protection Party||1,737||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Kosal Janata Dal||1,735||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Indian Labour Party (Ambedkar Phule)||1,729||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Telangana Rajya Samithi||1,727||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Ambedkarist Republican Party||1,727||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Akhand Bharat Janpriya Party||1,716||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Aim Political Party||1,715||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharatiya Ekta Dal||1,704||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Kamgaar Kisan Party||1,701||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Ahinsa Samaj Party||1,698||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Jindabad Kranti Party||1,690||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Parivartan Party of India||1,686||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bhartiya Janta Secular Party||1,685||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtra Dharak Dal||1,683||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Paschimanchal Vikas Party||1,682||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Yuva Vikas Party||1,679||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharat Jan Aadhar Party||1,675||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Telangana Jaghir Party||1,648||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Jana Sahayaka Sakthi||1,644||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Lokswaraj Party||1,641||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Janmorcha||1,639||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Samajwadi Jan Parishad||1,637||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Atulya Bharat Party||1,617||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Young Star Empowerment Party||1,616||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Prajarajya Samithi||1,614||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Hamara Sahara Party||1,614||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Sanjhi Virasat Party||1,610||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Abhinav Bharat Janseva Paksh||1,602||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Lokshahi Ekta Party||1,585||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Adim Bhartiya Dal||1,584||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Janta Samajwadi Party (Vivek Raj)||1,574||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Hindvi Swarajyay Dal||1,573||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Indian Unity Centre||1,572||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharatiya Liberal Party||1,552||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bhartiya Party||1,549||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharatiya Lokshakti Party||1,537||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Narayanwadi Vikas Party||1,527||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|All Peoples Party||1,495||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Sanskriti Party||1,494||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Public Adhikar Socialist Indian Party||1,493||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Tamizhaga Murpokku Makkal Katchi||1,488||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bhartiya Uday Nirman Party||1,483||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Aam Janshakti Party||1,478||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtra Samanya Praja Party||1,474||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Janlok Vikas Party||1,473||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharatiya Bahujan Samta Party||1,459||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Telangana Republican Party||1,452||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|AARAKSHAN VIRODHI PARTY||1,444||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Supreme Zero Party of Bharat||1,441||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Vishal Janta Party||1,421||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Samrat Mihir Bhoj Samaj Party||1,412||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Swayam Shashan Party||1,408||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Super Power India Party||1,400||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Adarsh Janta Party,||1,376||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|All India Mazdoor Party (Rangreta)||1,374||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Yuva Taram Party||1,369||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Hindustan Janta Party Secular||1,366||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Prithviraj Janshakti Party||1,364||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bhartiya Garib Vikas Kalyan Party||1,347||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Janmanch (Secular)||1,333||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Gorkha Rashtriya Congress||1,331||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Sakala Janula Party||1,324||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Janta Party||1,319||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Janshakti Janta Dal||1,318||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Lok Samaj Party||1,294||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Vikalp Party||1,269||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bahujana Left Party||1,265||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rajasthan Raj Party||1,264||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Akhil Bharatiya Hind Kranti Party||1,259||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Praja Ektha Party||1,252||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Challengers Party||1,243||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Vikas Party||1,240||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Indian Believers Party (IBP)||1,239||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Pehchan People’s Party||1,228||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Sarvar Party||1,202||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|National Future Party||1,197||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Megh Desham Party||1,194||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|National Janmandal Party||1,193||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Sajag Samaj Party||1,191||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Awami Samta Party||1,190||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Kamera Samaj Party||1,177||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Adarshwaadi Congress Party||1,173||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Janutthan Party||1,157||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Secular Majlis Party||1,136||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|New Generation People’s Party||1,133||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Janahitha Paksha||1,130||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Sanyogwadi Party||1,128||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Jan Sewak Kranti Party||1,120||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Indian Movement Party||1,117||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rastriya Atal Janta Party||1,116||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Aadim Samaj Party||1,100||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Janhit Sangharsh Party||1,090||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar Dal||1,078||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Manav Kranti Party||1,076||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Vidiyalai Thedum Indhiyargal Party||1,073||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Proutist Sarva Samaj||1,069||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Lokrajya Janata Party||1,061||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Akhil Bharatiya Manavata Paksha||1,057||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Vikas India Party||1,054||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Shiromani Lok Dal Party||1,044||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Punnagai Desam Party||1,040||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Netaji Subhash Chander Bose Rashtriya Azad Party||1,019||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Sant Sandesh Party||994||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Sehajdhari Sikh Party||987||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Jansena Party||983||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|India Manus Party||982||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Karnataka Praja Party (RaithaParva)||978||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Mission All India Independent Justice Party||960||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Janta Darbar Party||956||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Buland Bharat Party||955||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Pichhara Samaj Party United||952||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Welfare Party Of India||951||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|All India Uzhavargal Uzhaippalargal Katchi||950||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharatiya Jan Morcha Party||945||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Aman Samaj Party||945||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bhartiya Rashtriya Jansatta||941||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bahujan Kranti Party (Marxwad- Ambedkarwad)||940||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Janta Raj Vikas Party||939||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Anaithu India Makkal Katchi||937||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Janta Kranti Party||936||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Samaj Bhalai Morcha||930||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Akhil Bhartiya Kisan Majdoor Party||924||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Swaraj Kranti Party||909||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Democratic Socialist Party of India||885||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharatiya Jan Jagriti Party||879||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Aadarsh Sangram Party||865||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Uttar Pradesh Republican Party||854||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Digvijaya Bharatha Party||850||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Republican Party of India Bharatha||848||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Indian National Yuva Jana Party||847||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Jan Shakti Ekta Party||847||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Satya Bahumat Party||842||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bhartiya Sabka Dal||841||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Akhil Bharatiya Muslim League (Secular)||821||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|New Labour Party||819||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Akhil Bhartiya Aamjan Party||818||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Kunbi Bahujan Sawrajya Party||817||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Pachchasi Parivartan Samaj Party||802||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Jana Shankhaaraavam Party||797||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriy Bahujan Party||795||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Mazdoor Ekta Party||791||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Telugu Congress Party||790||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Chhatrapati Shivaji Bhartiya Garib Party||790||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Lokpriya Rashtrawadi Party||782||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Anjaan Aadmi Party||781||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Akhand Bharat Swatantra Party||780||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Mission Naya Digant Party||772||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rani Chennamma Party||771||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bhrashtachar Mukti Morcha||766||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Jan Karmath Party||764||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Tamilaga Makkal Nala Katchi||761||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bhartiya Mahasangh Party||758||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Aadi Bharat Party||742||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Jamat-E-Seratul Mustakim||741||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Makkal Nala Kazhagam||736||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharatiya Lokvikas Party||723||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|All India People Development Party||711||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Jai Hindustan Party||711||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|BhartiyaBahujanKranti Dal||709||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Aam Lok Party United||695||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Ambedkar National Congress||688||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Congress(J) Party||685||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharat Peoples Sena||683||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Satyawadi Rakshak Party||657||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|National Republic Party Of India||657||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Sacho Sach Party||652||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Youth India Peace Party||649||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Adarsh Samaj Party||643||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtravadi Loktantrik Party (India)||641||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Praja Prasthanam Party||633||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|All India Jananayaka Makkal Kazhagam||633||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Manav Samadhan Party||622||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Rashtrawadi Party||614||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharatiya Inqalab Party||610||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Mera Bharat Mahan Party||604||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Kisan Vishwa Party||603||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Voters Independent Party||601||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Aawami Pichhada Party||594||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bahujan National Party (Ambedkar)||586||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Guruchand Sena Dal||583||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|All India Kisan Janatha party||578||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Kranti Janshakti Party||575||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Suraksha Party||574||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Dalit Kranti Dal||547||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Navsarjan Bharat Party||545||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Akhil Bhartiya Aarakshit Samaj Party||544||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Aap Sabki Apni Party||528||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Raita Bharat Party||518||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|All India Mahila Empowerment Party||515||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Corruption Abolition Party||501||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bhartiya Panchyat Party||494||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Secular Democratic Congress||490||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Kannada Paksha||477||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Hamara Sahi Vikalp Party||476||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bhartiya Veer Dal||470||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bengaluru Nava Nirmana Party||461||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Radical Party of India (Ambedkarist)||454||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Desh Prem Party||454||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Sarvlokhit Samaj Party||446||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Dhoom Sena||434||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Neethi Nijayithi Party||430||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Maa Telangana Party||423||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Samajik Sangharsh Party||419||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Navodayam Party||414||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|All India National Raksha Sena||396||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharatiya Mulnivasi Aazad Party||396||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bhartiya Jan Vikas Aaghadi||391||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bahujan Shoshit Samaj Sangharsh Samta Party||373||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Andhra Pradesh Rashtra Samithi||358||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Akhil Bhartiya Sudhar Party||321||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Loktantrik Janta Dal||316||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Tamil Nadu Makkal Nalvazhvu Periyakkam||314||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Karnataka Karmikara Paksha||314||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharatrashtra Democratic Party||310||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|All India Jaihind Party||269||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Bharat Lok Sewak Party||262||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Republican Party of India (Sivaraj)||259||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Mangalam Party||257||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Rashtriya Jatigat Aarakshan Virodhi Party||215||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|All India Backward People Sunami Party||210||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Telangana Prajaa Jeevana Rythu Party||141||0.00||0
|-
| ||align=left colspan=3|Indian Praja Congress||141||0.00||0
|-
|bgcolor={{Party color|Independents}}| ||align=left colspan=3|Independents||17,850,062||2.77||7
|-
|align=left colspan=4|None of the above||6,371,839||0.99||–
|- class=sortbottom style=font-weight:bold
|align=left colspan=4|Total||645,362,531||100.00||543
|- class=sortbottom
!colspan=7|
|- class=sortbottom
|colspan=4 align=left|Valid votes||645,362,531||99.84
|- class=sortbottom
|colspan=4 align=left|Invalid/blank votes||1,058,338||0.16
|- class=sortbottom style=font-weight:bold
|colspan=4 align=left|Total votes||646,420,869||100.00
|- class=sortbottom
|colspan=4 align=left|Registered voters/turnout||977,965,560||66.10
|- class=sortbottom
|colspan=7 align=left|Source: [https://www.eci.gov.in/general-election-to-loksabha-2024-statistical-reports ECI]
|}

[[File:2024 Indian General Election.svg|2024 Indian General Election by Bloc]]

== Results by election phases ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name of Alliance
!Phase 1
!Phase 2
!Phase 3
!Phase 4
!Phase 5
!Phase 6
!Phase 7
|-
|[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]]
| 34
| 53
| 66
| 60
| 23
| 37
| 20
|-
|[[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance]]
| 65
| 33{{Efn|Outer Manipur has 1 seat for alliance due to polling was conducted in 2 phases}}
| 26
| 31
| 24
| 21
| 34
|-
|Others
| 3
| 1
| 2
| 5
| 2
| 0
| 3
|-
|Total
|102
|87{{Efn|Polling for [[Outer Manipur Lok Sabha constituency|Outer Manipur]] was conducted in 2 phases, however, for the sake of clarity, it has been included in a single phase in this table}}
|94
|96
|49
|58
|57
|}

== Results by States and Union Territories ==
===Overall===
{{Table alignment}}
{|class="wikitable defaultcenter col1left" style="font-size: 100%"
!rowspan="2"|[[States and union territories of India|State/Union Territory]]
!rowspan="2"|Seats
|bgcolor="{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}"|
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}"|
|bgcolor="{{Party color|Other}}"|
|-
![[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
![[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]
!Others
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Andaman and Nicobar Islands|Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
!1
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|1
|0
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]]
!25
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|21
|0
|4
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Arunachal Pradesh|Arunachal Pradesh]]
!2
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|2
|0
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Assam|Assam]]
!14
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|11
|3
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Bihar|Bihar]]
!40
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|30
|9
|1
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Chandigarh|Chandigarh]]
!1
|0
|style="background:{{Party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; color:white;"|1
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Chhattisgarh|Chhattisgarh]]
!11
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|10
|1
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu|Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]]
!2
|1
|0
|1
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Delhi|Delhi]]
!7
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|7
|0
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Goa|Goa]]
!2
|1
|1
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Gujarat|Gujarat]]
!26
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|25
|1
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Haryana|Haryana]]
!10
|5
|5
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Himachal Pradesh|Himachal Pradesh]]
!4
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|4
|0
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Jammu and Kashmir|Jammu and Kashmir]]
!5
|2
|2
|1
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Jharkhand|Jharkhand]]
!14
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|9
|5
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Karnataka|Karnataka]]
!28
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|19
|9
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Kerala|Kerala]]
!20
|1
|style="background:{{Party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; color:white;"|19
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Ladakh|Ladakh]]
!1
|0
|0
|style="background:{{Party color|Other}}; color:white;"|1
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Lakshadweep|Lakshadweep]]
!1
|0
|style="background:{{Party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; color:white;"|1
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Madhya Pradesh|Madhya Pradesh]]
!29
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|29
|0
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Maharashtra|Maharashtra]]
!48
|17
|style="background:{{Party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}};color:white;"|30
|1
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Manipur|Manipur]]
!2
|0
|style="background:{{Party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; color:white;"|2
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Meghalaya|Meghalaya]]
!2
|0
|1
|1
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Mizoram|Mizoram]]
!1
|0
|0
|style="background:{{Party color|Other}}; color:white;"|1
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Nagaland|Nagaland]]
!1
|0
|style="background:{{Party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; color:white;"|1
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Odisha|Odisha]]
!21
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|20
|1
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Puducherry|Puducherry]]
!1
|0
|style="background:{{Party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; color:white;"|1
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Punjab|Punjab]]
!13
|0
|style="background:{{Party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; color:white;"|10
|3
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Rajasthan|Rajasthan]]
!25
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|14
|11
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Sikkim|Sikkim]]
!1
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|1
|0
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu]]
!39
|0
|style="background:{{Party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; color:white;"|39
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Telangana|Telangana]]
!17
|8
|8
|1
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Tripura|Tripura]]
!2
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|2
|0
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]]
!80
|36
|style="background:{{Party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; color:white;"|43
|1
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Uttarakhand|Uttarakhand]]
!5
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|5
|0
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in West Bengal|West Bengal]]
!42
|12
|style="background:{{Party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; color:white;"|30
|0
|-
!Total
!543
!293
!234
!16
|-
|}

=== Andaman & Nicobar Islands (1) ===
{{main|2024 Indian general election in Andaman and Nicobar Islands}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|- style="color:white; height:25px;"
| style="background:DarkOrange; width:50%;" |'''BJP (1)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!colspan=2|Party
!Alliance
!Vote Share % <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-U01.htm|title=General Election to Parliamentary/Assembly Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024, Andaman & Nicobar Islands (Total PC - 1)|website=Election Commission of India}}</ref>
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|NDA
|50.59
| {{increase}} 5.29
|1
|{{Increase}}1
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|INDIA
|38.53
| {{decrease}} 7.45
|0
|{{Decrease}}1
|}

=== Andhra Pradesh (25) ===
{{main|2024 Indian general election in Andhra Pradesh}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white; height:25px;"
| style="background:#FFFF00;color: #333;width:64%;" | '''TDP (16)'''
| style="background:#1569C7;width:16%;" | '''YSRCP (4)'''
| style="background:#FF9933; width:12%;" | '''BJP (3)'''
| style="background:red; width:8%;" | '''JSP (2)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Colspan=2|Party
! Alliance
!Vote Share % <ref>{{cite web |title=General Election to Parliamentary Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024, Andhra Pradesh (Total PC - 25) |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-S01.htm}}</ref>
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|NDA
|37.79
| {{decrease}} 2.40
|16
|{{Increase}}13
|-
|{{Full party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|None
|39.61
| {{decrease}} 10.28
|4
|{{Decrease}}18
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|NDA
|11.28
| {{increase}} 10.30
|3
|{{Increase}}3
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Jana Sena Party}}
|NDA
|
|
|2
|{{Increase}}2
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|INDIA
|2.66
| {{increase}} 1.35
|0
|{{Steady}}
|}

=== Arunachal Pradesh (2) ===
{{main|2024 Indian general election in Arunachal Pradesh}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|- style="color:white; height:25px;"
| style="background:DarkOrange; width:10%;" |'''BJP (2)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!colspan=2|Party
!Alliance
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|NDA
|48.87
| {{decrease}} 9.35
|2
|{{Steady}}
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|INDIA
|30.37
| {{increase}} 9.68
|0
|{{Steady}}
|}

=== Assam (14) ===
{{main|2024 Indian general election in Assam}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white; height:25px;"
| style="background:#FF9933; width:64%;" | '''BJP (9)'''
| style="background:#00BFFF; width:21%;" | '''INC (3)'''
| style="background:{{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}; width:7.5%;" | '''AGP (1)'''
| style="background:{{Party color|United People's Party Liberal}}; width:7.5%;" | '''UPPL (1)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!colspan=2|Party
!Alliance
!Vote Share % <ref>{{cite web |title=General Election to Parliamentary Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024, Assam (Total PC - 14)|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-S03.htm}}</ref>
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|NDA
|37.43
|{{increase}} 1.02
|9
|{{Steady}}
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|INDIA
|37.48
|{{increase}} 1.69
|3
|{{Steady}}
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Asom Gana Parishad}}
|NDA
|6.46
|{{decrease}} 1.85
|1
|{{Increase}}1
|-
|{{Full party name with color|United People's Party Liberal}}
|NDA
|2.43
| ''New''
|1
|{{Increase}}1
|-
|{{Full party name with color|All India United Democratic Front}}
|None
|3.13
|{{decrease}} 4.74
|0
|{{Decrease}}1
|}

=== Bihar (40) ===
{{main|2024 Indian general election in Bihar}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white; height:25px;"
| style="background:#FF9933; width:30%;" | '''BJP (12)'''
| style="background:#003366; width:30%;" | '''JDU (12)'''
| style="background:#0093DD; width:12%;" | '''LJP (5)'''
| style="background:#0c541f; width:10%;" | '''RJD (4)'''
| style="background:#00BFFF; width:7%;" | '''INC (3)'''
| style="background:#6e0d0d; width:5%;" | '''CPI(ML) (2)'''
| style="background:#c29100; width:2%;" | '''HAM (1)'''
| style="background:Silver;color:#333; width:2%;" | '''IND (1)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Colspan=2|Party
!Alliance
!Vote Share % <ref>{{cite web |title=General Election to Parliamentary Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024, Bihar (Total PC - 40) |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-S04.htm}}</ref>
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|NDA
| 20.52
| {{decrease}} 1.06
|12
| {{decrease}} 5
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (United)|dab=yes}}
|NDA
| 18.52
| {{decrease}} 1.29
|12
| {{decrease}} 4
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)}}
|NDA
| 6.47
| {{decrease}} 1.39
|5
| {{decrease}} 1
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|INDIA
| 22.14
| {{increase}} 5.78
|4
| {{increase}} 4
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|INDIA
| 9.20
| {{increase}} 1.50
|3
| {{increase}} 2
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)}}
|INDIA
| 2.99
| {{increase}} 1.59
|2
| {{increase}} 2
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Hindustani Awam Morcha}}
|NDA
|
|
|1
| {{increase}} 1
|-
|Bgcolor=#757575|
|[[Independent Politician|Independent]]
|None
|
|
|1
| {{increase}} 1
|}

=== Chandigarh (1) ===
{{main|2024 Indian general election in Chandigarh}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white; height:25px;"
| style="background:DeepSkyBlue; width:10%;" |'''INC (1)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Colspan=2|Party
! Alliance
!Vote Share % <ref>{{cite web |title=General Election to Parliamentary Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024, Chandigarh (Total PC - 1) |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-U02.htm}}</ref>
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|INDIA
| 48.23
| {{increase}} 7.88
| 1
| {{increase}} 1
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|NDA
| 47.66
| {{decrease}} 2.98
| 0
| {{decrease}} 1
|}

=== Chhattisgarh (11) ===
{{main|2024 Indian general election in Chhattisgarh}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|- style="color:white; height:25px;"
| style="background:DarkOrange; width:90%;" |'''BJP (10)'''
| style="background:DeepSkyBlue; width:10%;" |'''INC (1)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Colspan=2|Party
! Alliance
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|NDA
|52.65
| {{increase}} 1.21
|10
|{{increase}} 1
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|INDIA
|41.06
| {{decrease}} 0.45
|1
|{{decrease}} 1
|}

=== Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu(2) ===
{{main|2024 Indian general election in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|- style="color:white; height:25px;"
| style="background:DarkOrange; width:50%;" |'''BJP (1)'''
| style="background:Silver;color:#333; width:50%;" | '''IND (1)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Colspan=2|Party
! Alliance
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|NDA
|52.79
|
|1
| {{steady}}
|-
|Bgcolor=#757575|
|Independent
|None
|
|
|1
| {{steady}}
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|INDIA
|25.09
|
|0
| {{steady}}
|}

=== NCT of Delhi (7) ===
{{main|2024 Indian general election in Delhi}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|- style="color:white; height:25px;"
| style="background:DarkOrange; width:100%;" |'''BJP (7)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Colspan=2|Party
! Alliance
!Vote Share % <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-U05.htm|title=General Election to Parliamentary/Assembly Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024, NCT OF Delhi (Total PC - 7)|website=Election Commission of India}}</ref>
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|NDA
| 54.35
| {{decrease}} 2.21
| 7
| {{Steady}}
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|INDIA
| 24.17
| {{increase}} 6.06
| 0
| {{Steady}}
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|INDIA
| 18.91
| {{decrease}} 3.60
| 0
| {{Steady}}
|}

=== Goa (2) ===
{{main|2024 Indian general election in Goa}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|- style="color:white; height:25px;"
| style="background:DarkOrange; width:50%;" |'''BJP (1)'''
| style="background:DeepSkyBlue; width:510%;" |'''INC (1)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Colspan=2|Party
!Alliance
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|NDA
|50.79
| {{decrease}} 0.39
|1
|{{Steady}}
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|INDIA
|39.71
| {{decrease}} 3.21
|1
|{{Steady}}
|}

=== Gujarat (26) ===
{{main|2024 Indian general election in Gujarat}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center; height:auto;"
|- style="color:white; height:25px;"
| style="background:DarkOrange; width:90%; height:inherit;" |'''BJP (25)'''
| style="background:DeepSkyBlue; width:10%; height:inherit;" |'''INC (1)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Colspan=2|Party
!Alliance
!Vote Share % <ref>{{cite web |title=General Election to Parliamentary Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024, Gujarat (Total PC - 26) |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-S06.htm}}</ref>
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|NDA
| 61.86
| {{decrease}} 0.35
| 25
| {{decrease}} 1
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|INDIA
| 31.24
| {{decrease}} 0.87
| 1
| {{increase}} 1
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|INDIA
| 2.69
| ''New''
| 0
| {{steady}}
|}

=== Haryana (10) ===
{{main|2024 Indian general election in Haryana}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white; height:25px;"
| style="background:DarkOrange; width:50%;" | '''BJP (5)'''
| style="background:DeepSkyBlue; width:50%;" | '''INC (5)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Colspan=2|Party
!Alliance
!Vote Share % <ref>{{cite web |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-S07.htm |title=General Election to Parliamentary/Assembly Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024, Haryana (Total PC - 10) |website=Election Commission of India}}</ref>
!Change
!Seats won
!Change
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|NDA
| 46.11
| {{decrease}} 12.10
| 5
| {{decrease}} 5
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|INDIA
| 47.61
| {{increase}} 15.16
|5
| {{increase}} 5
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|INDIA
| 3.94
| ''New''
| 0
| {{Steady}}
|}

=== Himachal Pradesh (4) ===
{{main|2024 Indian general election in Himachal Pradesh}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|- style="color:white; height:25px;"
| style="background:DarkOrange; width:100%;" |'''BJP (4)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Colspan=2|Party
!Alliance
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|NDA
|56.44
| {{decrease}} 12.67
|4
|{{Steady}}
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|INDIA
|41.67
| {{increase}} 14.37
|0
|{{Steady}}
|}

=== Jammu and Kashmir (5) ===
{{main|2024 Indian general election in Jammu and Kashmir}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|- style="color:white; height:25px;"
| style="background:DarkOrange; width:40.00%;" |'''BJP (2)'''
| style="background:#FF4545; width:40.00%;" |'''JKNC (2)'''
| style="background:Silver;color:#333; width:20%;" | '''IND (1)'''

|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Colspan=2|Party
!Alliance
!Vote Share % <ref>{{cite web |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-U08.htm |title=General Election to Parliamentary/Assembly Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024, Jammu and Kashmir (Total PC - 5)|website=Election Commission of India}}</ref>
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|NDA
|24.36
|{{decrease}} 2.01
|2
| {{steady}}
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}
|INDIA
|22.30
| {{increase}} 14.41
|2
| {{decrease}} 1
|-
|bgcolor=#757575|
|[[Independent Politician|Independent]]
|
|
|
|1
| {{increase}} 1
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|INDIA
| 19.38
| {{decrease}} 9.09
| 0
| {{steady}}
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir People's Democratic Party}}
|INDIA
| 8.48
| {{increase}} 6.11
| 0
| {{steady}}
|}

=== Jharkhand (14) ===
{{main|2024 Indian general election in Jharkhand}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|- style="color:white; height:25px;"
| style="background:DarkOrange; width:57%;" |'''BJP (8)'''
| style="background:{{Party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}};color: #333; width:21%;" |'''JMM (3)'''
| style="background:DeepSkyBlue; width:14%;" |'''INC (2)'''
| style="background:{{Party color|All Jharkhand Students Union}}; width:7%;" |'''AJSU (1)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Colspan=2|Party
!Alliance
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|NDA
|44.60
| {{decrease}} 6.36
|8
| {{decrease}} 3
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}
|INDIA
|14.60
| {{increase}} 3.09
|3
| {{increase}} 2
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|INDIA
|19.19
| {{increase}} 3.56
|2
| {{increase}} 1
|-
|{{Full party name with color|All Jharkhand Students Union}}
|NDA
|2.62
| {{decrease}} 1.71
|1
| {{steady}}
|}

=== Karnataka (28) ===
{{main|2024 Indian general election in Karnataka}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white; height:25px;"
| style="background:DarkOrange; width:60%;" | '''BJP (17)'''
| style="background:DeepSkyBlue; width:33%;" | '''INC (9)'''
| style="background:{{Party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}; width:7%;" | '''JDS (2)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Colspan=2|Party
!Alliance
!Vote Share % <ref>{{cite web |title=General Election to Parliamentary Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024, Karnataka (Total PC - 28) |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-S10.htm}}</ref>
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|NDA
| 46.06
| {{decrease}} 5.32
| 17
| {{decrease}} 8
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|INDIA
| 45.43
| {{increase}} 13.55
|9
| {{increase}} 8
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|NDA
| 5.60
| {{decrease}} 4.07
|2
| {{increase}} 1
|}

=== Kerala (20) ===
{{main|2024 Indian general election in Kerala}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white; height:25px;"
| style="background:DeepSkyBlue; width:70%;" | '''INC (14)'''
| style="background:Green; width:10%;" | '''IUML (2)'''
| style="background:Red; width:5%;" | '''CPM (1)'''
| style="background:DarkOrange; width:5%;" | '''BJP (1)'''
| style="background:Gold; width:5%;" | '''KEC (1)'''
| style="background:LightCoral; width:5%;" | '''RSP (1)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Colspan=2|Party
!Alliance
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|INDIA (UDF)
|35.06
| {{decrease}} 2.40
|14
|{{decrease}} 1
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian Union Muslim League}}
|INDIA (UDF)
|6.07
| {{increase}} 0.59
|2
|{{steady}}
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|INDIA (LDF)
|25.82
| {{decrease}} 0.15
|1
|{{steady}}
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|NDA
|16.68
| {{increase}} 3.68
|1
|{{increase}} 1
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Kerala Congress}}
|INDIA (UDF)
|1.84
|{{Increase}} 1.08
|1
|{{Increase}}1
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}
|INDIA (UDF)
|2.24
|{{decrease}} 0.22%
|1
|{{steady}}
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|INDIA (LDF)
|6.14
| {{increase}} 0.06
|0
|{{steady}}
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Kerala Congress (M)|dab=yes}}
|INDIA (LDF)
|1.38
| {{decrease}} 0.70%
|0
|{{decrease}}1
|-
|bgcolor=Maroon|
|[[Bharath Dharma Jana Sena]]
|NDA
|2.56
|{{increase}}0.68%
|0
|{{steady}}
|}

=== Ladakh (1) ===
{{main|2024 Indian general election in Ladakh}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|- style="color:white; height:25px;"
| style="background:Silver;color:#333; width:100%;" | '''IND (1)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Colspan=2|Party
!Alliance
!Vote Share % <ref>{{cite web | title=General Election to Parliamentary Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024, Ladakh (Total PC - 1) |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-U09.htm}}</ref>
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|Bgcolor=#757575|
|[[Independent Politician|Independent]]
|None
| 48.15
| ''New''
| 1
| {{increase}} 1
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|INDIA
| 27.59
| {{increase}} 10.79
| 0
| {{steady}}
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|NDA
| 23.58
| {{decrease}} 10.36
| 0
| {{decrease}} 1
|}

=== Lakshadweep (1) ===
{{main|2024 Indian general election in Lakshadweep}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white; height:25px"
| style="background:DeepSkyBlue; width:50%;" |'''INC (1)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Colspan=2|Party
! Alliance
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|INDIA
| 52.24
|{{increase}} 5.38
|1
| {{increase}} 1
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)|dab=yes}}
|INDIA
| 46.96
| New
|0
|New
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|NDA
|0.41
|{{Decrease}}48.2
|0
| {{Decrease}}1
|}

=== Madhya Pradesh (29) ===
{{main|2024 Indian general election in Madhya Pradesh}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|- style="color:white; height:25px;"
| style="background:DarkOrange; width:100%;" |'''BJP (29)'''
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Colspan=2|Party
!Alliance
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|NDA
| 59.27
| {{increase}} 1.27
|29
| {{increase}} 1
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|INDIA
|32.44
| {{decrease}} 2.06
|0
| {{decrease}} 1
|}

=== Maharashtra (48) ===
{{main|2024 Indian general election in Maharashtra}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white; height:25px;"
| style="background:DeepSkyBlue; width:27%;" | '''INC (13)'''
| style="background:DarkOrange; width:19%;" | '''BJP (9)'''
| style="background:{{Party color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}; width:19%;" | '''SHS-UBT (9)'''
| style="background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}; width:17%;" | '''NCP-SP (8)'''
| style="background:{{Party color|Shiv Sena}}; width:15;" | '''SHS (7)'''
| style="background:{{Party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}; width:2%;" | '''NCP (1)'''
| style="background:Silver;color:#333; width:2%;" | '''IND (1)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Colspan=2|Party
!Alliance
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|INDIA
|16.92
| {{increase}} 0.51
|13
|{{increase}} 12
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|NDA
|26.18
| {{decrease}} 1.66
|9
|{{decrease}} 14
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)|dab=yes}}
|INDIA
|16.72
| ''New''
|9
| {{increase}} 9
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)|dab=yes}}
|INDIA
|10.27
| ''New''
|8
| {{increase}} 8
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena}}
|NDA
|12.95
| {{decrease}} 10.55
|7
|{{decrease}} 11
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|NDA
|3.60
| {{decrease}} 12.06
|1
|{{decrease}} 3
|-
|bgcolor=#757575|
|[[Independent Politician|Independent]]
|None
|
|
|1
|{{steady}}
|-
|{{Full party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|None
|0.61
| {{decrease}} 0.12
|0
|{{decrease}} 1
|}

=== Manipur (2) ===
{{main|2024 Indian general election in Manipur}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|- style="color:white; height:25px"
| style="background:DeepSkyBlue; width:100%;" |'''INC (2)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Colspan=2|Party
!Alliance
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|INDIA
| 47.59
| {{increase}} 22.96
|2
| {{increase}} 2
|-
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Naga People's Front}}
|NDA
|18.87
| {{decrease}} 3.61
|0
| {{decrease}} 1
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|NDA
|16.58
| {{decrease}} 17.64
|0
| {{decrease}} 1
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Republican Party of India (Athawale)}}
|None
|8.58
|New
|0
|
|}

=== Meghalaya (2) ===
{{main|2024 Indian general election in Meghalaya}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|- style="color:white; height:25px;"
| style="background:DeepSkyBlue; width:50%;" |'''INC (1)'''
| style="background:Blue; width:50%;" |'''VPP (1)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Colspan=2|Party
!Alliance
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|INDIA
| 34.05
| {{decrease}} 14.23
| 1
| {{steady}}
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Voice of the People Party (Meghalaya)}}
|None

| 33.40
| ''New''
|1
| {{increase}} 1
|-
|{{Full party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
|NDA
| 24.22
| {{increase}} 1.95
| 0
| {{decrease}} 1
|}

=== Mizoram (1) ===
{{main|2024 Indian general election in Mizoram}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|- style="height:25px;"
| style="background:Yellow; width:100%;" |'''ZPM (1)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Colspan=2|Party
!Alliance
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Zoram People's Movement}}
|None
|42.39
| ''New''
|1
| {{increase}} 1
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Mizo National Front}}
|None
| 28.66
| {{decrease}} 16.23
|0
| {{decrease}} 1
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|INDIA
| 20.08
| {{decrease}} 23.18
|0
| {{steady}}
|}

=== Nagaland (1) ===
{{main|2024 Indian general election in Nagaland}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white; height:25px;"
| style="background:DeepSkyBlue; width:50%;" |'''INC (1)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Colspan=2|Party
!Alliance
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|INDIA
| 52.76
| {{increase}} 4.65
|1
| {{increase}} 1
|-
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party}}
|NDA
| 46.24
| {{decrease}} 3.49
|0
| {{decrease}} 1
|}

=== Odisha (21) ===
{{main|2024 Indian general election in Odisha}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white; height:25px;"
| style="background:DarkOrange; width:95%;" | '''BJP (20)'''
| style="background:DeepSkyBlue; width:5%;" | '''INC (1)'''
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Colspan=2|Party
!Alliance
!Vote Share % <ref>{{cite web |title=General Election to Parliamentary Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024, Odisha (Total PC - 21) |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-S18.htm}}</ref>
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|NDA
| 45.34
| {{increase}} 6.97
| 20
| {{increase}} 12
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|INDIA
| 12.52
| {{decrease}} 1.29
|1
| {{steady}}
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|None
| 37.53
| {{decrease}} 5.23
|0
| {{decrease}} 12
|}

=== Puducherry (1) ===
{{main|2024 Indian general election in Puducherry}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white; height:25px;"
| style="background:DeepSkyBlue; width:50%;" |'''INC (1)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Colspan=2|Party
!Alliance
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|INDIA
| 52.74
| {{decrease}} 3.52
|1
| {{steady}}
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|NDA
| 35.81
| ''New''
|0
| {{steady}}
|-
|}

=== Punjab (13) ===
{{main|2024 Indian general election in Punjab}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white; height:25px;"
| style="background:{{Party color|Indian National Congress}}; width:53.84%;" | '''INC (7)'''
| style="background:{{Party color|Aam Aadmi Party}};color:#333; width:23.08%;" | '''AAP (3)'''
| style="background:Silver;color:#333; width:15.38%;" | '''IND (2)'''
| style="background:{{Party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}; width:7.69%;" | '''SAD (1)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Colspan=2|Party
!Alliance
!Vote Share % <ref>{{cite web |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-S19.htm |title=General Election to Parliamentary/Assembly Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024, Punjab (Total PC - 13)|website=Election Commission of India}}</ref>
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|INDIA
| 26.30
| {{decrease}} 13.82
|7
| {{decrease}} 1
|-
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|INDIA
|26.02
| {{increase}} 18.64
|3
| {{increase}} 2
|-
|bgcolor=#757575|
|[[Independent Politician|Independent]]
|None
|
|
|2
| {{increase}} 2
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|None
|13.42
| {{decrease}} 14.03
|1
| {{decrease}} 1
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|NDA
| 18.56
| {{increase}} 8.93
| 0
| {{decrease}} 2
|}

=== Rajasthan (25) ===
{{main|2024 Indian general election in Rajasthan}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|- style="color:white; height:25px;"
| style="background:DarkOrange; width:56%;" |'''BJP (14)'''
| style="background:DeepSkyBlue; width:32%;" |'''INC (8)'''
| style="background:Red; width:4%;" |'''CPM (1)'''
| style="background:GreenYellow; color:#333; width:4%;" |'''RLP (1)'''
| style="background:Black; width:4%;" |'''BAP (1)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Colspan=2|Party
! Alliance
!Vote Share % <ref>{{cite web |url= https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-S20.htm |title= General Election to Parliamentary Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024, Rajasthan (Total PC - 25) |access-date=5 June 2024|website=Election Commission of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/party_list/14/17 |title= PC: Party-wise performance for 2019 Rajasthan |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref>
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|NDA
|49.24
| {{decrease}} 9.23
| 14
| {{decrease}} 10
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|INDIA
|37.91
| {{increase}} 3.67
| 8
| {{increase}} 8
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|INDIA
|1.97
| {{increase}} 1.77
| 1
| {{increase}} 1
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Loktantrik Party}}
|INDIA
| 1.80
| {{decrease}} 0.33
| 1
| {{steady}}
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharat Adivasi Party}}
|INDIA
|
|''New''
| 1
| {{increase}} 1
|}

=== Sikkim (1) ===
{{main|2024 Indian general election in Sikkim}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|- style="color:white; height:25px;"
| style="background:#9B870C; width:100%;" |'''SKM (1)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Colspan=2|Party
!Alliance
!Vote Share % <ref>{{cite web |title=General Election to Parliamentary Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024, Sikkim (Total PC - 1) |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-S21.htm}}</ref>
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha}}
|NDA
| 42.52
| {{decrease}} 4.94
| 1
| {{steady}}
|-
|Bgcolor=yellow|
|[[Citizen Action Party – Sikkim]]
|None
|21.71
|New
|0
|
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Sikkim Democratic Front}}
|None
| 20.46
| {{decrease}} 23.46
| 0
| {{steady}}
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|NDA
|5.09
| {{increase}} 0.38
|0
| {{steady}}
|}

=== Tamil Nadu (39) ===
{{main|2024 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white; height:25px;"
| style="background:Black; width:56%;" | '''DMK (22)'''
| style="background:DeepSkyBlue; width:23%;" | '''INC (9)'''
| style="background:Red; width:5%;" | '''CPM (2)'''
| style="background:LightCoral; width:5%;" | '''CPI (2)'''
| style="background:Indigo;color; width:5%;" | '''VCK (2)'''
| style="background:ForestGreen; width:3%;" | '''IUML (1)'''
| style="background:Maroon; width:3%;" | '''MDMK (1)'''

|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Colspan=2|Party
! Alliance
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|INDIA
|26.93
| {{decrease}} 5.83
|22
|{{decrease}} 2
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|INDIA
|10.67
| {{decrease}} 1.09
|9
|{{increase}} 1
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|INDIA
|2.52
| {{increase}} 0.12
|2
|{{steady}}
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|INDIA
|2.15
| {{decrease}} 0.28
|2
|{{steady}}
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi}}
|INDIA
|
|
|2
|{{increase}} 1
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian Union Muslim League}}
|INDIA
|1.17
| {{increase}} 0.06
|1
|{{steady}}
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|INDIA
|
|
|1
|{{increase}} 1
|-
|{{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|AIADMK+
|20.46
| {{increase}} 1.98
|0
|{{decrease}} 1
|-
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|NDA
|11.24
| {{increase}}7.58
|0
|{{steady}}
|}

=== Telangana (17) ===
{{main|2024 Indian general election in Telangana}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white; height:25px;"
| style="background:#00BFFF; width:47%;" | '''INC (8)'''
| style="background:#FF9933; width:47%;" | '''BJP (8)'''
| style="background:Green; width:6%;" | '''AIMIM (1)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Colspan=2|Party
!Alliance
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|INDIA
|40.10
| {{increase}} 10.31
|8
|{{increase}} 5
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|NDA
|35.08
| {{increase}} 15.43
|8
|{{increase}} 4
|-
|{{Full party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|None
|3.02
| {{increase}} 0.22
|1
|{{steady}}
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharat Rashtra Samithi}}
|None
|16.68
|{{decrease}} 25.03
|0
|{{decrease}} 9
|}

=== Tripura (2) ===
{{main|2024 Indian general election in Tripura}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|- style="color:white; height:25px;"
| style="background:#FF9933; width:100%;" |'''BJP (2)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Colspan=2|Party
!Alliance
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|NDA
| 70.72
| {{increase}} 21.69
|2
| {{steady}}
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|INDIA
| 12.44
| {{decrease}} 4.87
|0
|{{steady}}
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|INDIA
|11.49
| {{decrease}} 13.85
|0
|{{steady}}
|}

=== Uttar Pradesh (80) ===
{{main|2024 Indian general election in Uttar Pradesh}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white; height:25px;"
| style="background:#FF0001; width:46%;" | '''SP (37)'''
| style="background:#FF9933; width:41%;" | '''BJP (33)'''
| style="background:#00BFFF; width:8%;" | '''INC (6)'''
| style="background:#1e800d; width:3%;" | '''RLD (2)'''
| style="background:#FF33CC; width:1%;" | '''ADS (1)'''
| style="background:#40010e; width:1%;" | '''ASPKR (1)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Colspan=2|Party
!Alliance
!Vote Share % <ref>{{cite web |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-S24.htm|title= General Election to Parliamentary Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024, Uttar Pradesh (Total PC - 80)|website=Election Commission of India}}</ref>
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|INDIA
|33.59
| {{increase}} 15.48
|37
| {{increase}} 32
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|NDA
| 41.37
| {{decrease}} 8.61
|33
| {{decrease}} 29
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|INDIA
| 9.46
| {{increase}} 3.10
|6
| {{increase}} 5
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}
|NDA
|1.02
|{{Decrease}}0.67
|2
| {{increase}} 2
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Apna Dal (Soneylal)|dab=yes}}
|NDA
| 0.92
| {{decrease}} 0.29
|1
| {{decrease}} 1
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Aazad Samaj Party}}
|None
|
| ''New''
|1
| {{steady}}
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|None
| 9.39
| {{decrease}} 10.04
|0
| {{decrease}} 10
|}

=== Uttarakhand (5) ===
{{main|2024 Indian general election in Uttarakhand}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|- style="color:white; height:25px;"
| style="background:#FF9933; width:7.26%;" |'''BJP (5)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Colspan=2|Party
!Alliance
!Vote Share %
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|NDA
|56.81
| {{decrease}} 5.20
|5
| {{steady}}
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|INDIA
|32.83
| {{increase}} 1.43
|0
| {{steady}}
|}

=== West Bengal (42) ===
{{main|2024 Indian general election in West Bengal}}
{| style="width:88%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white; height:25px;"
| style="background:#3CB371; width:69%;" | '''AITC (29)'''
| style="background:#FF9933; width:29%;" | '''BJP (12)'''
| style="background:#00BFFF; width:2%;" | '''INC (1)'''
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Colspan=2|Party
!Alliance
!Vote Share % <ref>{{cite web |title=General Election to Parliamentary Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024, West Bengal (Total PC - 42) |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-S25.htm}}</ref>
!Change
!Seats won
!Changes
|-
|{{Full party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|None
| 45.76
| {{increase}} 2.06
|29
| {{increase}} 7
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|NDA
|38.73
| {{decrease}} 1.87
|12
| {{decrease}} 6
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|INDIA
|4.68
| {{decrease}} 1.02
|1
| {{decrease}} 1
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|INDIA
|5.67
| {{decrease}} 0.63
|0
| {{steady}}
|}

== Results by Region ==

{{Table alignment}}
{|class="sortable wikitable defaultcenter col1left" style="font-size: 100%"
!rowspan="2"|Region
!rowspan="2"|Seats
|bgcolor="{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}"|
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}"|
|bgcolor="{{Party color|Other}}"|
|-
![[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
![[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]
!Others
|-
![[North India]]
!126
|59
|style="background:{{Party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; color:white;"|61
|6
|-
![[West India]]
!103
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|58
|43
|2
|-
![[Central India]]
!40
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|39
|1
|0
|-
![[East India]]
!118
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|72
|45
|1
|-
![[Northeast India]]
!25
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|16
|7
|2
|-
![[South India]]
!131
|49
|style="background:{{Party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; color:white;"|77
|5
|-
!Total
!543
!293
!234
!16
|}

== Results by Constituency ==
[[File:2024 Indian General Election Result Map.svg|thumb|492x492px|2024 Indian General Election by constituency]]
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
! rowspan="2" |State
! colspan="3" |Parliamentary Constituency
! colspan="5" |Winner<ref name="Lok Sabha Elections 2024 Results: Full List of winners on all 543 seats">{{cite news |last1=The Indian Express |title=Lok Sabha Elections 2024 Results: Full List of winners on all 543 seats |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/full-list-of-winners-in-lok-sabha-elections-2024-9364542/ |access-date=18 June 2024 |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618161622/https://indianexpress.com/elections/full-list-of-winners-in-lok-sabha-elections-2024-9364542/ |archive-date=18 June 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
! colspan="5" |Runner-up
! colspan="2" |Margin
|-
!No.
!Name
!Type
!Candidate
!colspan=2| Party
!%
!data-sort-type=number|Votes
!Candidate
!colspan=2| Party
!%
!data-sort-type=number|Votes
!%
!Votes
|-
|'''[[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]'''
|1
|[[Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Lok Sabha constituency)|Andaman & Nicobar Islands]]
|
|[[Bishnu Pada Ray]]
|{{Party name with color| Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|50.6%
|1,02,436
|[[Kuldeep Rai Sharma]]
|{{Party name with color| Indian National Congress}}
|38.5%
|78,040
|12.1%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|24,396
|-
|rowspan="25" |'''[[Andhra Pradesh]]'''<ref>{{cite web |title= Andhra Pradesh Parliamentary Constituency Results |website=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/visakhapatnam/andhra-pradesh-lok-sabha-election-results-2024-full-and-final-list-of-winners-including-sribharat-mathukumili-kesineni-sivanath-daggubati-purandheshwari-and-more/articleshow/110726667.cms |access-date= 6 June 2024}}</ref>
|1
|[[Araku (ST) (Lok Sabha constituency)|Araku]]
|ST
|[[Gumma Thanuja Rani]]
|{{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|40.96%
|4,77,005
|[[Kothapalli Geetha]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|36.62%
|4,26,425
|4.34%
|style="background:{{party color|YSR Congress Party}} ; color:white;"| 50,580
|-
|2
|[[Srikakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Srikakulam]]
|
|[[Kinjarapu Ram Mohan Naidu]]
|{{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|61.05%
|7,54,328
|Perada Tilak
|{{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|34.51%
|4,26,427
|26.54%
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"| 3,27,901
|-
|3
|[[Vizianagaram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vizianagaram]]
|
|[[Appalanaidu Kalisetti]]
|{{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|57.20%
|7,43,113
|[[Bellana Chandra Sekhar]]
|{{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|38.00%
|4,93,762
|19.19%
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|2,49,351
|-
|4
|[[Visakhapatnam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Visakhapatnam]]
|
|[[Mathukumilli Bharat]]
|{{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|65.42%
|9,07,467
|[[Botsa Jhansi Lakshmi]]
|{{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|29.07%
|4,03,220
|36.35%
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"| 5,04,247
|-
|5
|[[Anakapalli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Anakapalli]]
|
|[[C. M. Ramesh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|57.50%
|7,62,069
|[[Budi Mutyala Naidu]]
|{{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|35.13%
|4,65,539
|22.37%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"| 2,96,530
|-
|6
|[[Kakinada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kakinada]]
|
|[[Tangella Uday Srinivas]]
|{{Party name with color|Jana Sena Party}}
|54.87%
|7,29,699
|Chalamalasetti Sunil
|{{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|37.62%
|5,00,208
|17.26%
|style="background:{{party color|Jana Sena Party}} ; color:white;"| 2,29,491
|-
|7
|[[Amalapuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amalapuram]]
|SC
|[[Harish Balayogi GM|Ganti Harish Madhur]]
|{{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|61.25%
|7,96,981
|[[Rapaka Vara Prasada Rao]]
|{{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|34.95%
|4,54,785
|26.30%
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"| 3,42,196
|-
|8
|[[Rajahmundry (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajahmundry]]
|
|[[Daggubati Purandeswari]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|54.82%
|7,26,515
|Guduri Srinivas
|{{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|36.77%
|4,87,376
|18
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"| 2,39,139
|-
|9
|[[Narasapuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Narasapuram]]
|
|[[Bhupathi Raju Srinivasa Varma]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|57.46%
|7,07,343
|Guduri Umabala
|{{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|34.98%
|4,30,541
|22.48%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"| 2,76,802
|-
|10
|[[Eluru (Lok Sabha constituency)|Eluru]]
|
|[[Putta Mahesh Kumar|Putta Mahesh Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|54%
|7,46,351
|Karumuri Sunilkumar Yadav
|{{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|40.84%
|5,64,494
|13.16%
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"| 1,81,857
|-
|11
|[[Machilipatnam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Machilipatnam]]
|
|[[Vallabhaneni Balashowry]]
|{{Party name with color|Jana Sena Party}}
|55.22%
|7,24,439
|Simhadri Chandrasekhar Rao
|{{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|38.21%
|5,01,260
|17.01%
|style="background:{{party color|Jana Sena Party}} ; color:white;"| 2,23,179
|-
|12
|[[Vijayawada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vijayawada]]
|
|[[Kesineni Chinni|Kesineni Sivanath]]
|{{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|58.21%
|7,94,154
|[[Kesineni Srinivas]]
|{{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|37.53%
|5,12,069
|20.68%
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"| 2,82,085
|-
|13
|[[Guntur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Guntur]]
|
|[[Chandra Sekhar Pemmasani]]
|{{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|60.68%
|8,64,948
|[[Kilari Venkata Rosaiah]]
|{{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|36.50%
|5,20,253
|24.18%
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"| 3,44,695
|-
|14
|[[Narasaraopet (Lok Sabha constituency)|Narasaraopet]]
|
|[[Lavu Sri Krishna Devarayalu]]
|{{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|53.88%
|8,07,996
|[[Anil Kumar Poluboina|Poluboina Anilkumar Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|43.23%
|6,48,267
|10.65%
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"| 1,59,729
|-
|15
|[[Bapatla (SC) (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bapatla]]
|SC
|[[Krishna Prasad Tenneti]]
|{{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|55.16%
|7,17,493
|[[Nandigam Suresh]]
|{{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|39.17%
|5,09,462
|15.99%
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"| 2,08,031
|-
|16
|[[Ongole (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ongole]]
|
|[[Magunta Sreenivasulu Reddy]]
|{{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|49.35%
|7,01,894
|[[Chevireddy Bhaskar Reddy]]
|{{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|45.82%
|6,51,695
|3.53%
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"| 50,199
|-
|17
|[[Nandyal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nandyal]]
|
|[[Byreddy Shabari]]
|{{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|49.92%
|7,01,131
|[[Pocha Brahmananda Reddy]]
|{{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|41.95%
|5,89,156
|7.97%
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"| 1,11,975
|-
|18
|[[Kurnool (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kurnool]]
|
|[[Bastipati Nagaraju Panchalingala]]
|{{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|49.51%
|6,58,914
|B. Y. Ramaiah
|{{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|41.15%
|5,47,616
|8.39%
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"| 1,11,298
|-
|19
|[[Anantapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Anantapur]]
|
|[[Ambica G Lakshminarayana Valmiki]]
|{{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|53.33%
|7,68,245
|[[Malagundla Sankaranarayana]]
|{{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|40.24%
|5,79,690
|13.09%
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"| 1,88,555
|-
|20
|[[Hindupur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hindupur]]
|
|[[B. K. Parthasarathi]]
|{{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|51.23%
|7,25,534
|[[J. Shantha]]
|{{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|41.88%
|5,93,107
|9
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"| 1,32,427
|-
|21
|[[Kadapa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kadapa]]
|
|[[Y. S. Avinash Reddy]]
|{{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|45.78%
|6,05,143
|Chadipiralla Bhupesh Reddy
|{{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|41.03%
|5,42,448
|4.75%
|style="background:{{party color|YSR Congress Party}} ; color:white;"| 62,995
|-
|22
|[[Nellore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nellore]]
|
|[[Vemireddy Prabhakar Reddy]]
|{{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|55.70%
|7,66,202
|[[V. Vijaysai Reddy]]
|{{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|37.82%
|5,20,300
|17.88%
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"| 2,45,902
|-
|23
|[[Tirupati (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tirupati]]
|SC
|[[Maddila Gurumoorthy]]
|{{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|46
|6,32,228
|[[Velagapalli Varaprasad Rao]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|44.67%
|6,17,659
|1.06%
|style="background:{{party color|YSR Congress Party}} ; color:white;"| 14,569
|-
|24
|[[Rajampet (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajampet]]
|
|[[P. V. Midhun Reddy]]
|{{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|48.38%
|6,44,844
|[[Kiran Kumar Reddy]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|42.67%
|5,68,773
|5.71%
|style="background:{{party color|YSR Congress Party}} ; color:white;"| 76,071
|-
|25
|[[Chittoor (SC) (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chittoor]]
|SC
|[[Daggumalla Prasada Rao]]
|{{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|54.84%
|7,78,071
|[[N. Reddeppa]]
|{{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|39.3%
|5,57,592
|15.54%
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"| 2,20,479
|-
|rowspan="2" |'''[[Arunachal Pradesh]]'''
|1
|[[Arunachal West (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arunachal West]]
|ST
|[[Kiren Rijiju]]
|{{Party name with color| Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|51.4%
|2,05,417
|[[Nabam Tuki]]
|{{Party name with color| Indian National Congress}}
|26.2%
|1,04,679
|25.2%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|100,738
|-
|2
|[[Arunachal East (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arunachal East]]
|ST
|[[Tapir Gao]]
|{{Party name with color| Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|45.0%
|1,45,581
|[[Bosiram Siram]]
|{{Party name with color| Indian National Congress}}
|35.6%
|1,15,160
|9.4%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|30,421
|-
|rowspan="14" |'''[[Assam]]'''
|1
|[[Kokrajhar Lok Sabha constituency|Kokrajhar]]
|ST
|[[Joyanta Basumatary]]
|{{Party name with color| United People's Party Liberal}}
|39.4%
|4,88,995
|Kampa Borgoyari
|{{Party name with color| Bodoland People's Front}}
|35.2%
|4,37,412
|4.2%
|style="background:{{party color|United People's Party Liberal}} ; color:black;"|51,583
|-
|2
|[[Dhubri Lok Sabha constituency|Dhubri]]
|
|[[Rakibul Hussain]]
|{{Party name with color| Indian National Congress}}
|60.0%
|14,71,885
|[[Mohammed Badruddin Ajmal]]
|{{Party name with color| All India United Democratic Front}}
|18.7%
|4,59,409
|41.3%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |1,012,476
|-
|3
|[[Barpeta Lok Sabha constituency|Barpeta]]
|
|[[Phani Bhusan Choudhury]]
|{{Party name with color| Asom Gana Parishad}}
|51.0%
|8,60,113
|Deep Bayan
|{{Party name with color| Indian National Congress}}
|37.8%
|6,37,762
|13.2%
|style="background:{{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}} ; color:white;"|222,351
|-
|4
|[[Darrang–Udalguri Lok Sabha constituency|Darrang–Udalguri]]
|
|[[Dilip Saikia]]
|{{Party name with color| Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|47.9%
|8,68,387
|[[Madhab Rajbangshi]]
|{{Party name with color| Indian National Congress}}
|29.8%
|5,39,375
|18.1%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|329,012
|-
|5
|[[Guwahati Lok Sabha constituency|Guwahati]]
|
|[[Bijuli Kalita Medhi]]
|{{Party name with color| Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|56.0%
|8,94,887
|Mira Borthakur Goswami
|{{Party name with color| Indian National Congress}}
|40.3%
|6,43,797
|15.7%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|251,090
|-
|6
|[[Diphu Lok Sabha constituency|Diphu]]
|ST
|[[Amarsing Tisso]]
|{{Party name with color| Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|49%
|3,34,620
|J.I. Kathar
|bgcolor="#CDCDCD"|
|[[Independent (politician)|IND]]
|27%
|1,87,017
|22%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|147,603
|-
|7
|[[Karimganj Lok Sabha constituency|Karimganj]]
|
|[[Kripanath Mallah]]
|{{Party name with color| Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|47.5%
|5,45,093
|Hafiz Rashid Ahmed Choudhury
|{{Party name with color| Indian National Congress}}
|45.9%
|5,26,733
|1.6%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|18,360
|-
|8
|[[Silchar Lok Sabha constituency|Silchar]]
|SC
|[[Parimal Suklabaidya]]
|{{Party name with color| Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|59.9%
|6,52,405
|Surya Kanta Sarkar
|{{Party name with color| Indian National Congress}}
|35.6%
|3,88,094
|24.3%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|264,311
|-
|9
|[[Nowgong Lok Sabha constituency|Nagaon]]
|
|[[Pradyut Bordoloi]]
|{{Party name with color| Indian National Congress}}
|50.9%
|7,88,850
|Suresh Borah
|{{Party name with color| Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|37.2%
|5,76,619
|13.7%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |212,231
|-
|10
|[[Kaziranga Lok Sabha constituency|Kaziranga]]
|
|[[Kamakhya Prasad Tasa]]
|{{Party name with color| Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|55.0%
|8,97,043
|[[Roselina Tirkey]]
|{{Party name with color| Indian National Congress}}
|39.8%
|6,48,096
|15.2%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|248,947
|-
|11
|[[Sonitpur Lok Sabha constituency|Sonitpur]]
|
|[[Ranjit Dutta]]
|{{Party name with color| Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|60.2%
|7,75,788
|Premlal Ganju
|{{Party name with color| Indian National Congress}}
|32.2%
|4,14,380
|28.0%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|361,408
|-
|12
|[[Lakhimpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lakhimpur]]
|
|[[Pradan Baruah]]
|{{Party name with color| Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|54.7%
|6,63,122
|[[Uday Shankar Hazarika]]
|{{Party name with color| Indian National Congress}}
|38.1%
|4,61,865
|16.6%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|2,01,257
|-
|13
|[[Dibrugarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dibrugarh]]
|
|[[Sarbananda Sonowal]]
|{{Party name with color| Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|54.3%
|6,93,762
|Lurinjyoti Gogoi
|{{Party name with color| Assam Jatiya Parishad}}
|32.4%
|4,14,441
|21.9%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|279,321
|-
|14
|[[Jorhat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jorhat]]
|
|[[Gaurav Gogoi]]
|{{Party name with color| Indian National Congress}}
|54.0%
|7,51,771
|[[Topon Kumar Gogoi]]
|{{Party name with color| Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|43.7%
|6,07,378
|10.3%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |144,393
|-
|rowspan="40" |'''[[Bihar]]'''<ref>{{cite web |title= Results of Lok Sabha Constituencies of Bihar
|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-S04.htm}}</ref>
|1
|[[Valmiki Nagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Valmiki Nagar]]
|
|[[Sunil Kumar Kushwaha|Sunil Kumar]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (United)}}
|47.5%
|5,23,422
|Deepak Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|38.5%
|4,24,747
|9%
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}} ; color:white;" | 98,675
|-
|2
|[[Paschim Champaran (Lok Sabha constituency)|Paschim Champaran]]
|
|[[Sanjay Jaiswal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|53.43%
|5,80,421
|[[Madan Mohan Tiwari]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|40.86%
|4,43,853
|12.57%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"| 1,36,568
|-
|3
|[[Purvi Champaran (Lok Sabha constituency)|Purvi Champaran]]
|
|[[Radha Mohan Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|50.5%
|5,42,193
|[[Rajesh Kushwaha|Dr. Rajesh Kumar]]
|{{Party name with color|Vikassheel Insaan Party}}
|42.28%
|4,53,906
|8.22%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"| 88,287
|-
|4
|[[Sheohar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sheohar]]
|
|[[Lovely Anand]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (United)}}
|45.15%
|4,76,612
|[[Ritu Jaiswal]]
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|42.39%
|4,47,469
|2.76%
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}} ; color:white;" | 29,143
|-
|5
|[[Sitamarhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sitamarhi]]
|
|[[Devesh Chandra Thakur]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (United)}}
|47.14%
|5,15,719
|[[Arjun Roy|Arjun Ray]]
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|42.45%
|4,64,363
|4.69%
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}} ; color:white;" | 51,356
|-
|6
|[[Madhubani (Lok Sabha constituency)|Madhubani]]
|
|[[Ashok Kumar Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|53.85%
|5,53,428
|[[Mohammad Ali Ashraf Fatmi]]
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|39.07%
|4,01,483
|14.78%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"| 1,51,945
|-
|7
|[[Jhanjharpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhanjharpur]]
|
|[[Ramprit Mandal]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (United)}}
|48.73%
|5,33,032
|Suman Kumar Mahaseth
|{{Party name with color|Vikassheel Insaan Party}}
|31.9%
|3,48,863
|16.83%
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}} ; color:white;" | 1,84,169
|-
|8
|[[Supaul (Lok Sabha constituency)|Supaul]]
|
|[[Dileshwar Kamait]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (United)}}
|48.33%
|5,95,038
|[[Chandrahas Chaupal]]
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|34.54%
|4,25,235
|13.79%
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}} ; color:white;" | 1,69,803
|-
|9
|[[Araria (Lok Sabha constituency)|Araria]]
|
|[[Pradeep Kumar Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|47.91%
|6,00,146
|[[Mohammed Shahnawaz Alam]]
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|46.31%
|5,80,052
|1.60%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"| 20,094
|-
|10
|[[Kishanganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kishanganj]]
|
|[[Mohammad Jawed]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|35%
|4,02,850
|[[Mujahid Alam]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (United)}}
|29.81%
|3,43,158
|5.19%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" | 59,692
|-
|11
|[[Katihar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Katihar]]
|
|[[Tariq Anwar (politician)|Tariq Anwar]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|48.41%
|5,67,092
|[[Dulal Chandra Goswami]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (United)}}
|44.15%
|5,17,229
|4.26%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" | 49,863
|-
|12
|[[Purnia (Lok Sabha constituency)|Purnia]]
|
|[[Pappu Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Independent politician}}
|47.46%
|5,67,556
|[[Santosh Kumar Kushwaha|Santosh Kumar]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (United)}}
|45.47%
|5,43,709
|1.99%
|style="background:{{party color|Independent}} ; color:black;" | 23,847
|-
|13
|[[Madhepura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Madhepura]]
|
|[[Dinesh Chandra Yadav (Indian politician)|Dinesh Chandra Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (United)}}
|52.96%
|6,40,649
|Da Kumar Chandradeep
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|38.53%
|4,66,115
|14.43%
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}} ; color:white;" | 1,74,534
|-
|14
|[[Darbhanga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Darbhanga]]
|
|[[Gopal Jee Thakur]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|55.33%
|5,66,630
|[[Lalit Kumar Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|37.93%
|3,88,474
|17.4%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"| 1,78,156
|-
|15
|[[Muzaffarpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Muzaffarpur]]
|
|[[Raj Bhushan Choudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|55.71%
|6,19,749
|[[Ajay Nishad]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|34.59%
|3,84,822
|21.12%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"| 2,34,927
|-
|16
|[[Vaishali (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vaishali]]
|
|[[Veena Devi]]
|{{Party name with color|Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)}}
|48.38%
|5,67,043
|[[Vijay Kumar Shukla]]
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|40.73%
|4,77,409
|7.65%
|style="background:{{party color|Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas) }} ; color:white;" | 89,634
|-
|17
|[[Gopalganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gopalganj]]
|SC
|[[Alok Kumar Suman]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (United)}}
|48.15%
|5,11,866
|Prem Nath Chanchal Alias Chanchal Paswan
|{{Party name with color|Vikassheel Insaan Party}}
|36.19%
|3,84,686
|11.19%
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}} ; color:white;" | 1,27,180
|-
|18
|[[Siwan (Lok Sabha constituency)|Siwan]]
|
|[[Vijay Lakshmi Devi]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (United)}}
|38.73%
|3,86,508
|Hena Shahab
|{{Party name with color|Independent}}
|29.42%
|2,93,651
|9.31%
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}} ; color:white;" | 92,857
|-
|19
|[[Maharajganj (Bihar Lok Sabha constituency)|Maharajganj]]
|
|[[Janardan Singh Sigriwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|52.22%
|5,29,533
|Aakash Kumar Singh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|42.09%
|4,26,882
|10.13%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"| 1,02,651
|-
|20
|[[Saran (Lok Sabha constituency)|Saran]]
|
|[[Rajiv Pratap Rudy]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|46.18%
|4,71,752
|Rohini Acharya
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|44.84%
|4,58,091
|1.34%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"| 13,661
|-
|21
|[[Hajipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hajipur]]
|SC
|[[Chirag Paswan]]
|{{Party name with color|Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)}}
|53.29%
|6,15,718
|Shiv Chandra Ram
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|38.57%
|4,45,613
|14.72%
|style="background:{{party color|Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas) }} ; color:white;" | 1,70,105
|-
|22
|[[Ujiarpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ujiarpur]]
|
|[[Nityanand Rai]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|49.51%
|5,15,965
|[[Alok Kumar Mehta]]
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|43.75%
|4,55,863
|5.76%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"| 60,102
|-
|23
|[[Samastipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Samastipur]]
|SC
|[[Shambhavi Choudhary|Shambhavi]]
|{{Party name with color|Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)}}
|52.97%
|5,79,786
|Sunny Hazari
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|35.86%
|3,92,535
|17.11%
|style="background:{{party color|Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas) }} ; color:white;" | 1,87,251
|-
|24
|[[Begusarai (Lok Sabha constituency)|Begusarai]]
|
|[[Giriraj Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|50.15%
|6,49,331
|[[Abdhesh Kumar Roy]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|43.86%
|5,67,851
|6.29%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"| 81,480
|-
|25
|[[Khagaria (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khagaria]]
|
|[[Rajesh Verma (Khagaria politician)|Rajesh Verma]]
|{{Party name with color|Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)}}
|50.73%
|5,38,657
|[[Sanjay Kumar Singh (CPI politician)|Sanjay Kumar]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|35.55%
|3,77,526
|15.18%
|style="background:{{party color|Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas) }} ; color:white;" | 1,61,131
|-
|26
|[[Bhagalpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhagalpur]]
|
|[[Ajay Kumar Mandal]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (United)}}
|50.38%
|5,36,031
|[[Ajeet Sharma]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|40.52%
|4,31,163
|9.86%
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}} ; color:white;" | 1,04,868
|-
|27
|[[Banka (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banka]]
|
|[[Giridhari Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (United)}}
|49.96%
|5,06,678
|[[Jay Prakash Narayan Yadav|Jai Prakash Narayan Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|39.72%
|4,02,834
|10.24%
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}} ; color:white;" | 1,03,834
|-
|28
|[[Munger (Lok Sabha constituency)|Munger]]
|
|[[Lalan Singh|Rajeev Ranjan Singh Alias Lalan Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (United)}}
|48.3%
|5,50,146
|Kumari Anita
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|41.2%
|4,69,276
|7.1%
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}} ; color:white;" | 80,870
|-
|29
|[[Nalanda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nalanda]]
|
|[[Kaushalendra Kumar]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (United)}}
|48.88%
|5,59,422
|[[Sandeep Saurav]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation}}
|34.11%
|3,90,308
|14.77%
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}} ; color:white;" | 1,69,114
|-
|30
|[[Patna Sahib (Lok Sabha constituency)|Patna Sahib]]
|
|[[Ravi Shankar Prasad]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|54.7%
|5,88,270
|Anshul Avijit
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|40.39%
|4,34,424
|14.31%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"| 1,53,846
|-
|31
|[[Pataliputra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pataliputra]]
|
|[[Misa Bharti|Misha Bharti]]
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|49.86%
|6,13,283
|[[Ram Kripal Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|42.93%
|5,28,109
|6.93%
|style="background:{{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal }} ; color:white;" | 85,174
|-
|32
|[[Arrah (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arrah]]
|
|[[Sudama Prasad]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation}}
|48.28%
|5,29,382
|[[R. K. Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|42.82%
|4,69,574
|5.46%
|style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation }} ; color:white;" | 59,808
|-
|33
|[[Buxar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Buxar]]
|
|[[Sudhakar Singh (Bihar politician)|Sudhakar Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|40.82%
|4,38,345
|[[Mithlesh Tiwari]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|38.02%
|4,08,254
|2.8%
|style="background:{{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal }} ; color:white;" | 30,091
|-
|34
|[[Sasaram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sasaram]]
|SC
|[[Manoj Kumar (Bihari Politician)|Manoj Kumar]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|46.76%
|5,13,004
|[[Shivesh Kumar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|45.01%
|4,93,847
|1.75%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" | 19,157
|-
|35
|[[Karakat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karakat]]
|
|[[Raja Ram Singh Kushwaha]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation}}
|36.89%
|3,80,581
|[[Pawan Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Independent}}
|26.63%
|2,74,723
|10.26%
|style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation }} ; color:white;" | 1,05,858
|-
|36
|[[Jahanabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jahanabad]]
|
|[[Surendra Prasad Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|47.88%
|4,43,035
|[[Chandeshwar Prasad]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (United)}}
|32.47%
|3,00,444
|15.41%
|style="background:{{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal }} ; color:white;" | 1,42,591
|-
|37
|[[Aurangabad (Bihar Lok Sabha constituency)|Aurangabad]]
|
|[[Abhay Kushwaha|Abhay Kumar Sinha]]
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|49.22%
|4,65,567
|[[Sushil Kumar Singh (politician)|Sushil Kumar Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|40.86%
|3,86,456
|8.36%
|style="background:{{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal }} ; color:white;" | 79,111
|-
|38
|[[Gaya (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gaya]]
|SC
|[[Jitan Ram Manjhi]]
|{{Party name with color|Hindustani Awam Morcha}}
|51.36%
|4,94,960
|[[Kumar Sarvjeet]]
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|40.8%
|3,93,148
|10.56%
|style="background:{{party color|Hindustani Awam Morcha}} ; color:black;" | 1,01,812
|-
|39
|[[Nawada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nawada]]
|
|[[Vivek Thakur]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|47.2%
|4,10,608
|[[Shrawan Kumar (politician)|Shrawan Kumar]]
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|39.42%
|3,42,938
|7.78%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"| 67,670
|-
|40
|[[Jamui (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jamui]]
|SC
|[[Arun Bharti]]
|{{Party name with color|Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)}}
|51.98%
|5,09,046
|Archana Kumari
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|40.5%
|3,96,564
|11.48%
|style="background:{{party color|Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas) }} ; color:white;" | 1,12,482
|-
|'''[[Chandigarh]]'''
|1
|[[Chandigarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chandigarh]]
|
|[[Manish Tewari]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|48.23%
|2,16,657
|[[Sanjay Tandon]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|47.66%
|2,14,153
|0.57%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" | 2504
|-
|rowspan="11" |'''[[Chhattisgarh]]'''
|1
|[[Sarguja (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sarguja]]
|ST
|[[Chintamani Maharaj]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|49.01%
|7,13,200
|Shashi Singh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|44.55%
|6,48,328
|4.46%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|64,822
|-
|2
|[[Raigarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raigarh]]
|ST
|[[Radheshyam Rathiya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|55.63%
|8,08,275
|[[Menka Devi Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|39.08%
|5,67,884
|16.55%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|240,391
|-
|3
|[[Janjgir (Lok Sabha constituency)|Janjgir-Champa]]
|SC
|[[Kamlesh Jangre]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|48.71%
|6,78,199
|Shivkumar Dahariya
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|44.40%
|6,18,199
|4.31%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|60,000
|-
|4
|[[Korba (Lok Sabha constituency)|Korba]]
|
|[[Jyotsna Mahant]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|46.53%
|5,70,182
|[[Saroj Pandey]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|43.00%
|5,26,899
|3.53%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |43,283
|-
|5
|[[Bilaspur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bilaspur]]
|
|[[Tokhan Sahu]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|53.25%
|7,24,937
|[[Devender Singh Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|41.16%
|5,60,379
|12.09%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|164,558
|-
|6
|[[Rajnandgaon (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajnandgaon]]
|
|[[Santosh Pandey (Chhattisgarh politician)|Santosh Pandey]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|49.25%
|7,12,057
|[[Bhupesh Baghel]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|46.18%
|6,67,646
|3.07%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|44,411
|-
|7
|[[Durg (Lok Sabha constituency)|Durg]]
|
|[[Vijay Baghel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|62.00%
|9,56,497
|Rajendra Sahu
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|33.59%
|5,18,271
|28.41%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|438,226
|-
|8
|[[Raipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raipur]]
|
|[[Brijmohan Agrawal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|66.19%
|10,50,351
|[[Vikas Upadhyay]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|29.94%
|4,75,066
|36.25%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|575,285
|-
|9
|[[Mahasamund (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mahasamund]]
|
|Roop Kumari Choudhary
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|53.06%
|7,03,659
|[[Tamradhwaj Sahu]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|42.09%
|5,58,203
|10.97%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|145,456
|-
|10
|[[Bastar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bastar]]
|ST
|[[Mahesh Kashyap]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|45.50%
|4,58,398
|[[Kawasi Lakhma]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|40.02%
|4,03,153
|5.48%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|55,245
|-
|11
|[[Kanker (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kanker]]
|ST
|[[Bhojraj Nag]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|47.23%
|5,97,624
|Biresh Thakur
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|47.08%
|5,95,740
|0.15%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|1,884
|-
|rowspan="2" |'''[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]]'''
|1
|[[Daman and Diu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Daman And Diu]]
|
|[[Patel Umeshbhai Babubhai]]
|{{Party name with color|Independent}}
|46.02%
|42,523
|[[Lalubhai Babubhai Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|39.28%
|36,298
|6.74%
|style="background:{{party color|Independent }} ; color:black;" | 6225
|-
|2
|[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dadra And Nagar Haveli]]
|ST
|[[Kalaben Delkar|Delkar Kalaben Mohanbhai]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|58.89%
|1,21,074
|Ajit Ramjibhai Mahala
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|30.88%
|63,490
|28.01%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"| 57,584
|-
|rowspan="7" |'''[[Delhi]]'''<ref>{{cite web |title= NCT of Delhi Parliamentary Assembly Constituency Results |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bjp-sweeps-delhi-again-wins-all-seven-lok-sabha-seats-check-winners-profile-101717558861230.html |access-date= 6 June 2024}}</ref>
|1
|[[Chandni Chowk (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chandni Chowk]]
|
|[[Praveen Khandelwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|53.46%
|5,16,496
|[[Jai Prakash Agarwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|44.22%
|4,27,171
|9.24%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"| 89,325
|-
|2
|[[North East Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|North East Delhi]]
|
|[[Manoj Tiwari (Delhi politician)|Manoj Tiwari]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|53.1%
|8,24,451
|[[Kanhaiya Kumar]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|44.16%
|6,85,673
|8.94%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"| 1,38,778
|-
|3
|[[East Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|East Delhi]]
|
|[[Harsh Malhotra]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|52.59%
|6,64,819
|[[Kuldeep Kumar|Kuldeep Kumar (Monu)]]
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|45.18%
|5,71,156
|7.41%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"| 93,663
|-
|4
|[[New Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|New Delhi]]
|
|[[Bansuri Swaraj]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|53.48%
|4,53,185
|[[Somnath Bharti]]
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|44.23%
|3,74,815
|9.25%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"| 78,370
|-
|5
|[[North West Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|North West Delhi]]
|SC
|[[Yogender Chandoliya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|58.26%
|8,66,483
|[[Udit Raj]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|38.71%
|5,75,634
|19.71%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"| 2,90,849
|-
|6
|[[West Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|West Delhi]]
|
|[[Kamaljeet Sehrawat]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|55.27%
|8,42,658
|[[Mahabal Mishra]]
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|42.22%
|6,43,645
|13.05%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"| 1,99,013
|-
|7
|[[South Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|South Delhi]]
|
|[[Ramvir Singh Bidhuri]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|53.46%
|6,92,832
|[[Sahi Ram]]
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|43.87%
|5,68,499
|9.59%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"| 1,24,333
|-
|rowspan="2" |'''[[Goa]]'''<ref>{{cite web |title= Goa Parliamentary Constituency Results |website=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/goa-election-results-2024-live/article68210458.ece |access-date= 6 June 2024}}</ref>
|1
|[[North Goa (Lok Sabha constituency)|North Goa]]
|
|[[Shripad Yesso Naik]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|56.43%
|2,57,326
|[[Ramakant Khalap]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|30.99%
|1,41,311
|25.44%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"| 1,16,015
|-
|2
|[[South Goa (Lok Sabha constituency)|South Goa]]
|
|[[Viriato Fernandes|Captain Viriato Fernandes]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|48.35%
|2,17,836
|Pallavi Shrinivas Dempo
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|45.35%
|2,04,301
|3%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" | 13,535
|-
|rowspan="26" |'''[[Gujarat]]'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Constituency wise result of Gujarat
|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-S06.htm}}</ref>
|1
|[[Kachchh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kachchh]]
|SC
|[[Vinodbhai Chavda]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|60.23%
|6,59,574
|Nitishbhai Lalan
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|35.68%
|3,90,792
|25
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|268782
|-
|2
|[[Banaskantha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banaskantha]]
|
|[[Geniben Thakor]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|48.83%
|6,71,883
|Rekhaben Hiteshbhai Chaudhary
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|46.62%
|6,41,477
|2.2%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |30,406
|-
|3
|[[Patan (Lok Sabha constituency)|Patan]]
|
|[[Bharatsinhji Dabhi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|49.61%
|5,91,947
|[[Chandanji Thakor]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|46.94%
|5,60,071
|2.67%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|31,876
|-
|4
|[[Mahesana (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mahesana]]
|
|[[Haribhai Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|63.74%
|6,86,406
|Ramji Thakor (Palvi)
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|33.28%
|3,58,360
|30.46%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|328,046
|-
|5
|[[Sabarkantha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sabarkantha]]
|
|[[Shobhanaben Baraiya|Shobhnaben Mahendrasinh Baraiya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|53.36%
|6,77,318
|[[Tushar Chaudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|40.85%
|5,21,636
|12.19%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|155,682
|-
|6
|[[Gandhinagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gandhinagar]]
|
|[[Amit Shah]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|76.48%
|10,10,972
|Sonal Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|20.13%
|2,66,256
|56.34%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|744,716
|-
|7
|[[Ahmedabad East (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ahmedabad East]]
|
|[[Hasmukh Patel (politician)|Hasmukh Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|68.28%
|7,70,459
|Himmatsinh Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|27.36%
|3,08,704
|40.92%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|461,755
|-
|8
|[[Ahmedabad West (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ahmedabad West]]
|SC
|[[Dineshbhai Makwana|Dineshbhai Kodarbhai Makwana]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|63.28%
|6,11,704
|Bharat Makwana
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|33.65%
|3,25,267
|29.63%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|286,437
|-
|9
|[[Surendranagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Surendranagar]]
|
|[[Chandubhai Shihora|Chandubhai Chhaganbhai Shihora]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|59.2%
|6,69,749
|[[Rutvik Makwana]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|36.07%
|4,08,132
|23.12%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|261,617
|-
|10
|[[Rajkot (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajkot]]
|
|[[Parshottam Rupala]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|67.37%
|8,57,984
|[[Paresh Dhanani]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|29.35%
|3,73,724
|38.02%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|484,260
|-
|11
|[[Porbandar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Porbandar]]
|
|[[Mansukh Mandaviya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|68.15%
|6,33,118
|[[Lalitbhai Vasoya]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|26.88%
|2,49,758
|41.27%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|383,360
|-
|12
|[[Jamnagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jamnagar]]
|
|[[Poonamben Maadam]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|58.98%
|6,20,049
|J.P Marvia
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|36.34%
|3,82,041
|22.64%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|238,008
|-
|13
|[[Junagadh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Junagadh]]
|
|[[Rajesh Chudasama]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|54.67%
|5,84,049
|Hirabhai Jotva
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|41.99%
|4,48,555
|12.68%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|135,494
|-
|14
|[[Amreli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amreli]]
|
|[[Bharatbhai Sutariya|Bharatbhai Manubhai Sutariya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|66.28%
|5,80,872
|Jennyben Thummar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|29.64%
|2,59,804
|36.63%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|321,068
|-
|15
|[[Bhavnagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhavnagar]]
|
|[[Nimuben Bambhaniya|Nimuben Jayantibhai Bambhania]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|68.46%
|7,16,883
|[[Umesh Makwana]]
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|24.98%
|2,61,594
|43.48%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|455,289
|-
|16
|[[Anand (Lok Sabha constituency)|Anand]]
|
|[[Mitesh Rameshbhai Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|52.44%
|6,12,484
|[[Amitbhai Chavda]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|44.74%
|5,22,545
|7.70%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|89,939
|-
|17
|[[Kheda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kheda]]
|
|[[Devusinh Jesingbhai Chauhan]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|63.31%
|7,44,435
|Kalusinh Dabhi
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|32.88%
|3,86,677
|30.42%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|357,758
|-
|18
|[[Panchmahal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Panchmahal]]
|
|[[Rajpalsinh Jadav|Rajpalsinh Mahendrasinh Jadhav]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|70.22%
|7,94,579
|Gulabsinh Chaudhan
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|25.21%
|2,85,237
|45.01%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|509,342
|-
|19
|[[Dahod (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dahod]]
|ST
|[[Jasvantsinh Sumanbhai Bhabhor]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|61.59%
|6,88,715
|Prabhaben Taviyad
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|31.75%
|3,55,038
|29.84%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|333,677
|-
|20
|[[Vadodara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vadodara]]
|
|[[Hemang Joshi|Hemang Yogeshchandra Joshi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|72.04%
|8,73,189
|Jashpalsinh Padhiyar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|24.01%
|2,91,063
|48.02%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|582,126
|-
|21
|[[Chhota Udaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chhota Udaipur]]
|ST
|[[Jashubhai Rathva|Jashubhai Bhilubhai Rathva]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|62.84%
|7,96,589
|[[Sukhrambhai Rathwa]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|31.38%
|3,97,812
|31.46%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|398,777
|-
|22
|[[Bharuch (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bharuch]]
|
|[[Mansukhbhai Vasava]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|50.72%
|6,08,157
|[[Chaitar Vasava]]
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|43.58%
|5,22,461
|7.15%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|85,696
|-
|23
|[[Bardoli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bardoli]]
|ST
|[[Parbhubhai Vasava]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|57.04%
|7,63,950
|Siddharth Chaudhary
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|39.85%
|5,33,697
|17.19%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|230,253
|-
|24
|[[Surat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Surat]]
|
|[[Mukesh Dalal]]
|{{Party name with color| Bharatiya Janata Party}}
! colspan="9" |
|-
|25
|[[Navsari (Lok Sabha constituency)|Navsari]]
|
|[[C. R. Patil]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|77.05%
|10,31,065
|Naishadh Desai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|19.24%
|2,57,514
|57.80%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|773,551
|-
|26
|[[Valsad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Valsad]]
|ST
|[[Dhavalbhai Patel|Dhaval Laxmanbhai Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|56.13%
|7,64,226
|[[Anantbhai Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|40.66%
|5,53,522
|15.48%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|210,704
|-
|rowspan="10" |'''[[Haryana]]'''<ref>{{cite web |title = Haryana Lok sabha constituency wise results
|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-S07.htm}}</ref>
|1
|[[Ambala (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ambala]]
|SC
|[[Varun Chaudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|49.28%
|6,63,657
|[[Banto Kataria]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|45.64%
|6,14,621
|3.64%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |49,036
|-
|2
|[[Kurukshetra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kurukshetra]]
|
|[[Naveen Jindal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|44.96%
|5,42,175
|[[Dr. Sushil Gupta]]
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|42.55%
|5,13,154
|2.41%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|29,021
|-
|3
|[[Sirsa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sirsa]]
|SC
|[[Selja Kumari]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|54.17%
|7,33,823
|[[Ashok Tanwar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|34.35%
|4,65,326
|19.82%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |2,68,497
|-
|4
|[[Hisar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hisar]]
|
|[[Jai Parkash]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|48.58%
|5,70,424
|[[Ranjit Singh Chautala]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|43.19%
|5,07,043
|5.39%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |63381
|-
|5
|[[Karnal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karnal]]
|
|[[Manohar Lal Khattar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|54.93%
|7,39,285
|[[Divyanshu Budhiraja]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|37.65%
|5,06,708
|17.28%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|232577
|-
|6
|[[Sonipat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sonipat]]
|
|[[Satpal Brahamchari]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|48.82%
|5,48,682
|[[Mohan Lal Badoli]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|46.88%
|5,26,866
|1.94%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |21816
|-
|7
|[[Rohtak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rohtak]]
|
|[[Deepender Singh Hooda]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|62.76%
|7,83,578
|[[Dr. Arvind Kumar Sharma]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|35.11%
|4,38,280
|27.65%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |345298
|-
|8
|[[Bhiwani–Mahendragarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhiwani–Mahendragarh]]
|
|[[Dharambir Singh Chaudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|49.74%
|5,88,664
|[[Rao Dan Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|46.24%
|5,47,154
|3.5%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|41510
|-
|9
|[[Gurgaon Lok Sabha constituency|Gurgaon]]
|
|[[Rao Inderjit Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|50.48%
|8,08,336
|[[Raj Babbar]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|45.79%
|7,33,257
|4.69%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|75079
|-
|10
|[[Faridabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Faridabad]]
|
|[[Krishan Pal Gurjar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|53.60%
|7,88,569
|[[Mahender Pratap Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|41.84%
|6,15,655
|11.76%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|172914
|-
|rowspan="4" |'''[[Himachal Pradesh]]'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Results of Lok Sabha Constituencies of Himachal Pradesh
|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-S08.htm}}</ref>
|1
|[[Kangra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kangra]]
|
|[[Rajeev Bhardwaj]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|61.03%
|6,32,793
|[[Anand Sharma]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|36.74%
|3,80,898
|24.29%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|251895
|-
|2
|[[Mandi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mandi]]
|
|[[Kangana Ranaut]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|52.87%
|5,37,022
|[[Vikramaditya Singh (Himachal Pradesh politician)|Vikramaditya Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|45.51%
|4,62,267
|7.36%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|74755
|-
|3
|[[Hamirpur (Himachal Pradesh Lok Sabha constituency)|Hamirpur]]
|
|[[Anurag Thakur]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|57.97%
|6,07,068
|[[Satpal Raizada]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|40.55%
|4,24,711
|17.42%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|182357
|-
|4
|[[Shimla (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shimla]]
|SC
|[[Suresh Kumar Kashyap]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|53.58%
|5,19,748
|Vinod Sultanpuri
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|44.16%
|4,28,297
|9.42%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|91451
|-
|rowspan="5" |'''[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Results of the Lok sabha constituencies of Jammu & Kashmir
|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-U08.htm}}</ref>
|1
|[[Baramulla (Lok Sabha constituency)|Baramulla]]
|
|[[Engineer Rashid|Abdul Rashid Sheikh]]
|{{Party name with color|Independent}}
|45.7%
|4,72,481
|[[Omar Abdullah]]
|{{Party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}
|25.95%
|2,68,339
|19.75%
|style="background:{{party color|Independent }} ; color:black;" |204142
|-
|2
|[[Srinagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Srinagar]]
|
|[[Aga Syed Ruhullah Mehdi]]
|{{Party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}
|52.85%
|3,56,866
|[[Waheed Ur Rehman Para]]
|{{Party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party}}
|24.95%
|1,68,450
|27.9%
|style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference }} ; color:white;" |188416
|-
|3
|[[Anantnag–Rajouri Lok Sabha constituency|Anantnag-Rajouri]]
|
|[[Mian Altaf Ahmed Larvi]]
|{{Party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}
|50.85%
|5,21,836
|[[Mehbooba Mufti]]
|{{Party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party}}
|23.39%
|2,40,042
|27.46%
|style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference }} ; color:white;" |281794
|-
|4
|[[Udhampur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Udhampur]]
|
|[[Dr. Jitendra Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|51.28%
|5,71,076
|[[Chaudhary Lal Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|40.11%
|4,46,703
|11.17%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|124373
|-
|5
|[[Jammu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jammu]]
|
|[[Jugal Kishore Sharma]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|52.8%
|6,87,588
|[[Raman Bhalla]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|42.4%
|5,52,090
|10.4%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|135498
|-
|rowspan="14" |'''[[Jharkhand]]'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Results of the Lok sabha constituencies of Jharkhand
|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-S27.htm}}</ref>
|1
|[[Rajmahal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajmahal]]
|ST
|[[Vijay Kumar Hansdak]]
|{{Party name with color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}
|50.35%
|6,13,371
|[[Tala Marandi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|35.72%
|4,35,107
|14.63%
|style="background:{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha }} ; color:white;" |178264
|-
|2
|[[Dumka (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dumka]]
|ST
|[[Nalin Soren]]
|{{Party name with color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}
|46.23%
|5,47,370
|[[Sita Murmu]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|44.32%
|5,24,843
|1.91%
|style="background:{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha }} ; color:white;" |22527
|-
|3
|[[Godda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Godda]]
|
|[[Nishikant Dubey]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|49.57%
|6,93,140
|[[Pradeep Yadav (Indian politician)|Pradeep Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|42.29%
|5,91,327
|7.28%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|101813
|-
|4
|[[Chatra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chatra]]
|
|[[Kali Charan Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|52.89%
|5,74,556
|[[Krishna Nand Tripathy]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|32.55%
|3,53,597
|17.34%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|220959
|-
|5
|[[Kodarma (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kodarma]]
|
|[[Annpurna Devi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|57.79%
|7,91,657
|[[Vinod Kumar Singh (Bagodar politician)|Vinod Kumar Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)}}
|30.27%
|4,14,643
|27.52%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|377014
|-
|6
|[[Giridih (Lok Sabha constituency)|Giridih]]
|
|[[Chandra Prakash Choudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|All Jharkhand Students Union}}
|35.67%
|4,51,139
|[[Mathura Prasad Mahato]]
|{{Party name with color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}
|29.27%
|3,70,259
|6.4%
|style="background:{{party color|All Jharkhand Students Union}} ; color:white;"|80880
|-
|7
|[[Dhanbad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhanbad]]
|
|[[Dulu Mahato]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|55.26%
|7,89,172
|Anupama Singh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|32.04%
|4,57,589
|23.22%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|331583
|-
|8
|[[Ranchi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ranchi]]
|
|[[Sanjay Seth (Jharkhand politician)|Sanjay Seth]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|45.91%
|6,64,732
|[[Yashaswini Sahay]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|37.59%
|5,44,220
|8.32%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|120512
|-
|9
|[[Jamshedpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jamshedpur]]
|
|[[Bidyut Baran Mahato]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|56.84%
|7,26,174
|[[Samir Kumar Mohanty]]
|{{Party name with color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}
|36.5%
|4,66,392
|20.34%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|259782
|-
|10
|[[Singhbhum (Lok Sabha constituency)|Singhbhum]]
|SC
|[[Joba Majhi]]
|{{Party name with color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}
|51.62%
|5,20,164
|[[Geeta Kora]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|34.91%
|3,51,762
|16.71%
|style="background:{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha }} ; color:white;" |168402
|-
|11
|[[Khunti (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khunti]]
|ST
|[[Kali Charan Munda]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|54.62%
|5,11,647
|[[Arjun Munda]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|38.64%
|3,61,972
|15.98%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |149675
|-
|12
|[[Lohardaga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lohardaga]]
|ST
|[[Sukhdeo Bhagat]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|49.95%
|4,83,038
|[[Samir Oraon]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|35.56%
|3,43,900
|14.39%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |139138
|-
|13
|[[Palamau (Lok Sabha constituency)|Palamau]]
|SC
|[[Vishnu Dayal Ram]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|55.39%
|7,70,362
|Mamata Bhuiyan
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|34.63%
|4,81,555
|20.76%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|288807
|-
|14
|[[Hazaribagh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hazaribagh]]
|
|[[Manish Jaiswal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|51.76%
|6,54,613
|[[Jai Prakash Bhai Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|29.88%
|3,77,927
|21.88%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|276686
|-
|rowspan="28" |'''[[Karnataka]]'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Results of the Lok sabha constituencies of Karnataka
|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-S10.htm}}</ref>
|1
|[[Chikkodi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chikkodi]]
|
|[[Priyanka Jarkiholi]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|51.21%
|7,13,461
|[[Annasaheb Shankar Jolle]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|44.69%
|6,22,627
|6.52%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |90834
|-
|2
|[[Belagavi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Belgaum]]
|
|[[Jagadish Shettar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|55.06%
|7,62,029
|[[Mrinal Hebbalkar]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|42.17%
|5,83,592
|12.89%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|178437
|-
|3
|[[Bagalkot (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bagalkot]]
|
|[[Gaddigoudar Parvatagouda Chandanagouda]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|50.93%
|6,71,039
|[[Samyukta Shivanand Patil]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|45.74%
|6,02,640
|5.19%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|68399
|-
|4
|[[Bijapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bijapur]]
|SC
|[[Ramesh Jigajinagi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|51.91%
|6,72,781
|[[Raju Alagur]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|45.95%
|5,95,552
|5.96%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|77229
|-
|5
|[[Gulbarga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gulbarga]]
|SC
|[[Radhakrishna (politician)|Radhakrishna Doddamani]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|49.78%
|6,52,321
|[[Umesh. G. Jadhav]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|47.7%
|6,25,116
|2.08%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |27205
|-
|6
|[[Raichur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raichur]]
|ST
|[[G. Kumar Naik]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|51.63%
|6,70,966
|[[Raja Amareshwara Naik]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|45.49%
|5,91,185
|6.14%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |79781
|-
|7
|[[Bidar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bidar]]
|
|[[Sagar Eshwar Khandre]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|53.63%
|6,66,317
|[[Bhagwant Khuba]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|43.26%
|5,37,442
|10.37%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |128875
|-
|8
|[[Koppal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Koppal]]
|
|[[K. Rajashekhar Basavaraj Hitnal]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|49.93%
|6,63,511
|[[Basavaraj K. Sharanappa]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|46.44%
|6,17,154
|3.49%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |46357
|-
|9
|[[Bellary (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bellary]]
|ST
|[[E. Tukaram]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|52.58%
|7,30,845
|[[B. Sreeramulu]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|45.46%
|6,31,853
|7.12%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |98992
|-
|10
|[[Haveri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Haveri]]
|
|[[Basavaraj Bommai]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|50.55%
|7,05,538
|[[Anandswamy Gaddadevarmath]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|47.43%
|6,62,025
|3.12%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|43513
|-
|11
|[[Dharwad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dharwad]]
|
|[[Prahlad Joshi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|52.41%
|7,16,231
|[[Vinod Asooti]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|45.29%
|6,18,907
|7.12%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|97324
|-
|12
|[[Uttara Kannada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Uttara Kannada]]
|
|[[Vishweshwar Hegde Kageri]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|61.97%
|7,82,495
|[[Anjali Nimbalkar]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|35.25%
|4,45,067
|26.72%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|337428
|-
|13
|[[Davangere (Lok Sabha constituency)|Davanagere]]
|
|[[Prabha Mallikarjun]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|47.95%
|6,33,059
|[[Gayithri Siddeshwara]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|45.97%
|6,06,965
|1.98%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |26094
|-
|14
|[[Shimoga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shimoga]]
|
|[[B. Y. Raghavendra]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|56.54%
|7,78,721
|[[Geetha Shivarajkumar]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|38.85%
|5,35,006
|17.69%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|243715
|-
|15
|[[Udupi Chikmagalur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Udupi Chikmagalur]]
|
|[[Kota Srinivas Poojary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|59.56%
|7,32,234
|[[K. Jayaprakash Hegde]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|38.48%
|4,73,059
|21.08%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|259175
|-
|16
|[[Hassan (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hassan]]
|
|[[Shreyas M. Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|49.67%
|6,72,988
|[[Prajwal Revanna]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|46.52%
|6,30,339
|3.15%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |42649
|-
|17
|[[Dakshina Kannada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dakshina Kannada]]
|
|[[Brijesh Chowta]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|53.97%
|7,64,132
|[[Padmaraj R. Poojary]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|43.43%
|6,14,924
|10.54%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|149208
|-
|18
|[[Chitradurga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chitradurga]]
|SC
|[[Govind Makthappa Karjol]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|50.11%
|6,84,890
|[[B. N. Chandrappa]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|46.58%
|6,36,769
|3.53%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|48121
|-
|19
|[[Tumkur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tumkur]]
|
|[[V. Somanna]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|55.31%
|7,20,946
|[[S. P. Muddahanumegowda]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|41.84%
|5,45,352
|13.47%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|175594
|-
|20
|[[Mandya (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mandya]]
|
|[[H. D. Kumaraswamy]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|58.34%
|8,51,881
|Venkataramane Gowda
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|38.85%
|5,67,261
|19.49%
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal (Secular) }} ; color:white;" |284620
|-
|21
|[[Mysore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mysore]]
|
|[[Yaduveer Krishnadatta Chamaraja Wadiyar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|53.59%
|7,95,503
|[[M. Lakshmana]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|44.21%
|6,56,241
|9.38%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|139262
|-
|22
|[[Chamarajanagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chamarajanagar]]
|SC
|[[Sunil Bose]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|54.87%
|7,51,671
|[[Balaraj S.]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|41.1%
|5,62,965
|13.77%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |188706
|-
|23
|[[Bangalore Rural (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bangalore Rural]]
|
|[[C. N. Manjunath]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|56.21%
|10,79,002
|[[D. K. Suresh]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|42.16%
|8,09,355
|14.05%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|269647
|-
|24
|[[Bangalore North (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bangalore North]]
|
|[[Shobha Karandlaje]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|56.27%
|9,86,049
|[[M. V. Rajeev Gowda]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|41.46%
|7,26,573
|14.81%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|259476
|-
|25
|[[Bangalore Central (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bangalore Central]]
|
|[[P. C. Mohan]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|50.05%
|6,58,915
|[[Mansoor Ali Khan (Karnataka politician)|Mansoor Ali Khan]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|47.57%
|6,26,208
|2.48%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|32707
|-
|26
|[[Bangalore South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bangalore South]]
|
|[[Tejaswi Surya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|60.1%
|7,50,830
|[[Sowmya Reddy]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|37.92%
|4,73,747
|22.18%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|277083
|-
|27
|[[Chikballapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chikballapur]]
|
|[[K. Sudhakar (politician)|K. Sudhakar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|53.74%
|8,22,619
|[[M. S. Raksha Ramaiah]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|43.06%
|6,59,159
|10.68%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|163460
|-
|28
|[[Kolar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kolar]]
|
|[[M. Mallesh Babu]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|51.02%
|6,91,481
|[[K. V. Gowtham]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|45.76%
|6,20,093
|5.26%
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal (Secular) }} ; color:white;" |71388
|-
|rowspan="20" |'''[[Kerala]]'''<ref>{{cite web |title= Results of the Lok sabha constituencies of Kerala
|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-S11.htm}}</ref>
|1
|[[Kasaragod (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kasaragod]]
|
|[[Rajmohan Unnithan]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|44.1%
|4,90,659
|[[M. V. Balakrishnan]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|35.06%
|3,90,010
|9.04%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |100649
|-
|2
|[[Kannur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kannur]]
|
|[[K. Sudhakaran]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|48.74%
|5,18,524
|[[M. V. Jayarajan]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|38.5%
|4,09,542
|10.24%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |108982
|-
|3
|[[Vatakara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vatakara]]
|
|[[Shafi Parambil]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|49.65%
|5,57,528
|[[K. K. Shailaja]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|39.45%
|4,43,022
|10.2%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |114506
|-
|4
|[[Wayanad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Wayanad]]
|
|[[Rahul Gandhi]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|59.69%
|6,47,445
|[[Annie Raja]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|26.09%
|2,83,023
|33.6%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |364422
|-
|5
|[[Kozhikode (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kozhikode]]
|
|[[M. K. Raghavan]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|47.74%
|5,20,421
|[[Elamaram Kareem]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|34.33%
|3,74,245
|13.41%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |146176
|-
|6
|[[Malappuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Malappuram]]
|
|[[E. T. Mohammed Basheer]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian Union Muslim League}}
|59.35%
|6,44,006
|[[V Vaseef]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|31.69%
|3,43,888
|27.66%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}} ; color:white;" |300118
|-
|7
|[[Ponnani (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ponnani]]
|
|[[M. P. Abdussamad Samadani]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian Union Muslim League}}
|54.81%
|5,62,516
|[[K.S. Hamza]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|31.84%
|3,26,756
|22.97%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}} ; color:white;" |235760
|-
|8
|[[Palakkad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Palakkad]]
|
|[[V. K. Sreekandan]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|40.66%
|4,21,169
|[[A. Vijayaraghavan]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|33.39%
|3,45,886
|7.27%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |75283
|-
|9
|[[Alathur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alathur]]
|SC
|[[K. Radhakrishnan]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|40.66%
|4,03,447
|[[Ramya Haridas]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|38.63%
|3,83,336
|2.03%
|style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}} ; color:white;" |20111
|-
|10
|[[Thrissur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thrissur]]
|
|[[Suresh Gopi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|37.8%
|4,12,338
|[[V. S. Sunilkumar]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|30.95%
|3,37,652
|6.85%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|74686
|-
|11
|[[Chalakudy (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chalakudy]]
|
|[[Benny Behanan]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|41.44%
|3,94,171
|[[C. Raveendranath]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|34.73%
|3,30,417
|6.71%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |63754
|-
|12
|[[Ernakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ernakulam]]
|
|[[Hibi Eden]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|52.97%
|4,82,317
|[[K. J. Shine]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|25.47%
|2,31,932
|27.5%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |250385
|-
|13
|[[Idukki (Lok Sabha constituency)|Idukki]]
|
|[[Dean Kuriakose]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|51.43%
|4,32,372
|[[Joice George]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|35.53%
|2,98,645
|15.9%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |133727
|-
|14
|[[Kottayam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kottayam]]
|
|[[K. Francis George]]
|{{Party name with color|Kerala Congress}}
|43.6%
|3,64,631
|[[Thomas Chazhikadan]]
|{{Party name with color|Kerala Congress (M)}}
|33.17%
|2,77,365
|10.43%
|style="background:{{party color|Kerala Congress}} ; color:white;" |87266
|-
|15
|[[Alappuzha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alappuzha]]
|
|[[K. C. Venugopal]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|38.21%
|4,04,560
|[[A. M. Ariff]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|32.21%
|3,41,047
|6%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |63513
|-
|16
|[[Mavelikkara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mavelikkara]]
|SC
|[[Kodikunnil Suresh]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|41.29%
|3,69,516
|[[Arun Kumar C. A.]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|40.07%
|3,58,648
|1.22%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |10868
|-
|17
|[[Pathanamthitta (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pathanamthitta]]
|
|[[Anto Antony]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|39.98%
|3,67,623
|[[T. M. Thomas Issac]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|32.79%
|3,01,504
|7.19%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |66119
|-
|18
|[[Kollam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kollam]]
|
|[[N. K. Premachandran]]
|{{Party name with color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}
|48.45%
|4,43,628
|[[M. Mukesh]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|32.03%
|2,93,326
|16.42%
|style="background:{{party color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}} ; color:white;" |150302
|-
|19
|[[Attingal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Attingal]]
|
|[[Adoor Prakash]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|33.29%
|3,28,051
|[[V. Joy]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|33.22%
|3,27,367
|0.07%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |684
|-
|20
|[[Thiruvananthapuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thiruvananthapuram]]
|
|[[Shashi Tharoor]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|37.19%
|3,58,155
|[[Rajeev Chandrasekhar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|35.52%
|3,42,078
|1.67%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |16077
|-
|'''[[Ladakh]]'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Result of Ladakh Lok Sabha constituency
|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-U09.htm}}</ref>
|1
|[[Ladakh Lok Sabha constituency|Ladakh]]
|ST
|[[Mohmad Haneefa]]
|{{Party name with color|Independent}}
|48.15%
|37,397
|Tsering Namgyal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|27.59%
|65,259
|20.56%
|style="background:{{party color|Independent}} ; color:black;" |27862
|-
|'''[[Lakshadweep]]'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Result of Lakshadweep Lok Sabha constituency
|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-U06.htm}}</ref>
|1
|[[Lakshadweep (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lakshadweep]]
|ST
|[[Muhammed Hamdulla Sayeed]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|52.29%
|25,726
|[[Mohammed Faizal Padippura]]
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}
|46.91%
|23,079
|5.38%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |2647
|-
|rowspan="29" |'''[[Madhya Pradesh]]'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Results of the Lok sabha constituencies of Madhya Pradesh
|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-S12.htm}}</ref>
|1
|[[Morena (Lok Sabha constituency)|Morena]]
|
|[[Shivmangal Singh Tomar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|43.41%
|5,15,477
|[[Neetu Satyapal Singh Sikarwar]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|38.99%
|4,62,947
|4.42%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|52530
|-
|2
|[[Bhind (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhind]]
|SC
|[[Sandhya Ray]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|51.2%
|5,37,065
|[[Phool Singh Baraiya]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|45.02%
|4,72,225
|6.18%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|64840
|-
|3
|[[Gwalior (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gwalior]]
|
|[[Bharat Singh Kushwah]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|49.99%
|6,71,535
|[[Praveen Pathak]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|44.77%
|6,01,325
|5.22%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|70210
|-
|4
|[[Guna (Lok Sabha constituency)|Guna]]
|
|[[Jyotiraditya Scindia]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|67.21%
|9,23,302
|[[Yadvendra Rao Deshraj Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|27.83%
|3,82,373
|39.38%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|540929
|-
|5
|[[Sagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sagar]]
|
|[[Lata Wankhede]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|68.49%
|7,87,979
|[[Chandra Bhushan Singh Bundela]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|27.53%
|3,16,757
|40.96%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|471222
|-
|6
|[[Tikamgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tikamgarh]]
|SC
|[[Virendra Kumar Khatik]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|65.1%
|7,15,050
|[[Pankaj Ahirwar]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|28.38%
|3,11,738
|36.72%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|403312
|-
|7
|[[Damoh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Damoh]]
|
|[[Rahul Singh Lodhi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|65.18%
|7,09,768
|[[Tarbar Singh Lodhi]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|27.86%
|3,03,342
|37.32%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|406426
|-
|8
|[[Khajuraho (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khajuraho]]
|
|[[V. D. Sharma]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|67.75%
|7,72,774
|Kamlesh Kumar
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|20.3%
|2,31,545
|47.45%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|541229
|-
|9
|[[Satna (Lok Sabha constituency)|Satna]]
|
|[[Ganesh Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|43.41%
|4,59,728
|[[Siddharth Sukhlal Kushwaha]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|35.39%
|3,74,779
|8.02%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|84949
|-
|10
|[[Rewa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rewa]]
|
|[[Janardan Mishra]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|52%
|4,77,459
|[[Neelam Abhay Mishra]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|30.94%
|2,84,085
|21.06%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|193374
|-
|11
|[[Sidhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sidhi]]
|
|[[Rajesh Mishra]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|50.87%
|5,83,559
|[[Kamleshwar Indrajit Kumar]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|32.87%
|3,77,143
|18%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|206416
|-
|12
|[[Shahdol (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shahdol]]
|ST
|[[Himadri Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|61.73%
|7,11,143
|[[Phunde Lal Singh Marko]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|27.24%
|3,13,803
|34.49%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|397340
|-
|13
|[[Jabalpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jabalpur]]
|
|[[Ashish Dubey]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|68.2%
|7,90,133
|[[Dinesh Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|26.19%
|3,03,459
|42.01%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|486674
|-
|14
|[[Mandla (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mandla]]
|ST
|[[Faggan Singh Kulaste]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|48.93%
|7,51,375
|[[Omkar Singh Markam]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|42.17%
|6,47,529
|6.76%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|103846
|-
|15
|[[Balaghat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Balaghat]]
|
|[[Bharti Pardhi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|51.56%
|7,12,660
|[[Samrat Ashok Singh Saraswar]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|38.93%
|5,38,148
|12.63%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|174512
|-
|16
|[[Chhindwara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chhindwara]]
|
|[[Bunty Vivek Sahu]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|49.41%
|6,44,738
|[[Nakul Nath]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|40.7%
|5,31,120
|8.71%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|113618
|-
|17
|[[Hoshangabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hoshangabad]]
|
|[[Darshan Singh Choudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|64.99%
|8,12,147
|Sanjay Sharma
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|30.44%
|3,80,451
|34.55%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|431696
|-
|18
|[[Vidisha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vidisha]]
|
|[[Shivraj Singh Chouhan]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|76.7%
|11,16,460
|[[Pratapbhanu Sharma]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|20.27%
|2,95,052
|56.43%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|821408
|-
|19
|[[Bhopal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhopal]]
|
|[[Alok Sharma]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|65.48%
|9,81,109
|[[Arun Shrivastava]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|32.01%
|4,79,610
|33.47%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|501499
|-
|20
|[[Rajgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajgarh]]
|
|[[Rodmal Nagar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|53.1%
|7,58,743
|[[Digvijaya Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|42.87%
|6,12,654
|10.23%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|146089
|-
|21
|[[Dewas (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dewas]]
|SC
|[[Mahendra Singh Solanky]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|63.23%
|9,28,941
|[[Rajendra Radhakishan Malviya]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|34.29%
|5,03,716
|28.94%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|425225
|-
|22
|[[Ujjain (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ujjain]]
|SC
|[[Anil Firojiya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|62.93%
|8,36,104
|[[Mahesh Parmar]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|34.64%
|4,60,244
|28.29%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|375860
|-
|23
|[[Mandsaur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mandsaur]]
|
|[[Sudheer Gupta]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|65.98%
|9,45,761
|[[Dilip Singh Gurjar]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|31.05%
|4,45,106
|34.93%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|500655
|-
|24
|[[Ratlam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ratlam]]
|ST
|[[Anita Nagarsingh Chouhan]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|51.93%
|7,95,863
|[[Kantilal Bhuria]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|38.41%
|5,88,631
|13.52%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|207232
|-
|25
|[[Dhar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhar]]
|ST
|[[Savitri Thakur]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|55.75%
|7,94,449
|[[Radheshyam Muvel]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|40.4%
|5,75,784
|15.35%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|218665
|-
|26
|[[Indore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Indore]]
|
|[[Shankar Lalwani]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|78.54%
|12,26,751
|Sanjay Laxman Solanki
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|3.31%
|51, 659
|75.23%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|1,175,092
|-
|27
|[[Khargone (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khargone]]
|ST
|[[Gajendra Singh Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|52.6%
|8,19,863
|[[Porlal Batha Kharte]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|43.93%
|6,84,845
|8.67%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|135018
|-
|28
|[[Khandwa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khandwa]]
|
|[[Gyaneswar Patil]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|57.04%
|8,62,679
|[[Narendra Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|39.19%
|5,92,708
|17.85%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|269971
|-
|29
|[[Betul (Lok Sabha constituency)|Betul]]
|ST
|[[Durga Das Uikey]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|60.76%
|8,48,236
|[[Ramu Tekam]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|33.56%
|4,68,475
|27.2%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|379761
|-
|rowspan="48" |'''[[Maharashtra]]'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Results of the Lok sabha constituencies of Maharashtra
|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-S13.htm}}</ref>
|1
|[[Nandurbar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nandurbar]]
|ST
|[[Gowaal Kagada Padavi]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|53.53%
|7,45,998
|[[Heena Gavit|Dr Heena Vijaykumar Gavit]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|42.11%
|5,86,878
|11.42%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |159,120
|-
|2
|[[Dhule (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhule]]
|
|[[Bachhav Shobha Dinesh]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|47.89%
|5,83,866
|[[Subhash Bhamre]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|47.57%
|5,80,035
|0.32%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |3,831
|-
|3
|[[Jalgaon (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalgaon]]
|
|[[Smita Wagh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|57.67%
|6,74,428
|Karan Pawar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}
|36.15%
|4,22,834
|21.52%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|251,594
|-
|4
|[[Raver (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raver]]
|
|[[Raksha Khadse]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|53.84%
|6,30,879
|Shriram Dayaram Patil
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}
|30.61%
|3,58,696
|23.23%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|272,183
|-
|5
|[[Buldhana (Lok Sabha constituency)|Buldhana]]
|
|[[Prataprao Ganpatrao Jadhav]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena}}
|31.53%
|3,49,867
|Narendra Khedekar
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}
|28.88%
|3,20,388
|2.65%
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}} ; color:white;"|29,479
|-
|6
|[[Akola (Lok Sabha constituency)|Akola]]
|
|[[Anup Dhotre]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|38.96%
|4,57,030
|Abhay Kashinath Patil
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|35.5%
|4,16,404
|3.46%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|40,626
|-
|7
|[[Amravati (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amravati]]
|SC
|[[Balwant Baswant Wankhade]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|44.84%
|5,26,271
|[[Navneet Kaur Rana]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|43.16%
|5,06,540
|1.68%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |19,731
|-
|8
|[[Wardha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Wardha]]
|
|[[Amar Sharadrao Kale]]
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}
|48.68%
|5,33,106
|[[Ramdas Tadas]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|41.23%
|4,51,458
|7.45%
|style="background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}} ; color:white;" |81,648
|-
|9
|[[Ramtek (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ramtek]]
|SC
|[[Shyamkumar Barve]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|48.94%
|6,13,025
|[[Raju Deonath Parve]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena}}
|42.81%
|5,36,257
|6.13%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |76,768
|-
|10
|[[Nagpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagpur]]
|
|[[Nitin Gadkari]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|54.08%
|6,55,027
|[[Vikas Thakre]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|42.72%
|5,17,424
|11.36%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|137603
|-
|11
|[[Bhandara-Gondiya (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhandara-Gondiya]]
|
|[[Prashant Yadaorao Padole]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|47.56%
|5,87,413
|[[Sunil Baburao Mendhe]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|44.53%
|5,50,033
|3.03%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |37380
|-
|12
|[[Gadchiroli-Chimur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gadchiroli-Chimur]]
|ST
|[[Kirsan Namdeo]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|52.97%
|6,17,792
|[[Ashok Mahadeorao Nete]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|40.82%
|4,76,096
|12.15%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |141696
|-
|13
|[[Chandrapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chandrapur]]
|
|[[Pratibha Dhanorkar]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|57.88%
|7,18,410
|[[Sudhir Mungantiwar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|36.9%
|4,58,004
|20.98%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |260406
|-
|14
|[[Yavatmal-Washim (Lok Sabha constituency)|Yavatmal-Washim]]
|
|[[Sanjay Uttamrao Deshmukh]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}
|48.53%
|5,94,807
|[[Rajshritai Hemant Patil]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena}}
|40.83%
|5,00,334
|7.7%
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}} ; color:white;" |94473
|-
|15
|[[Hingoli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hingoli]]
|
|[[Nagesh Bapurao Patil Ashtikar]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}
|42.49%
|4,92,535
|[[Baburao Kadam Kohalikar]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena}}
|33.12%
|3,83,933
|9.37%
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}} ; color:white;" |108602
|-
|16
|[[Nanded (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nanded]]
|
|[[Vasantrao Balwantrao Chavan]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|46.88%
|5,28,894
|[[Prataprao Govindrao Chikhalikar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|41.61%
|4,69,452
|5.27%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |59442
|-
|17
|[[Parbhani (Lok Sabha constituency)|Parbhani]]
|
|[[Sanjay Jadhav]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}
|45.17%
|6,01,343
|[[Mahadev Jankar]]
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Samaj Paksha}}
|35.1%
|4,67,282
|10.07%
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}} ; color:white;" |134061
|-
|18
|[[Jalna (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalna]]
|
|[[Kalyan Vaijinathrao Kale]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|44.59%
|6,07,897
|[[Raosaheb Dadarao Danve]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|36.52%
|4,97,939
|8.07%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |109958
|-
|19
|[[Aurangabad (Maharashtra Lok Sabha constituency)|Aurangabad]]
|
|[[Sandipanrao Bhumre]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena}}
|36.56%
|4,76,130
|[[Imtiyaz Jaleel]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|26.22%
|3,41,480
|10.34%
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}} ; color:white;" |134650
|-
|20
|[[Dindori (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dindori]]
|ST
|[[Bhaskar Murlidhar Bhagare]]
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}
|46.53%
|5,77,339
|[[Bharati Pawar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|37.4%
|4,64,140
|9.13%
|style="background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}} ; color:white;" |113199
|-
|21
|[[Nashik (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nashik]]
|
|[[Rajabhau Waje]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}
|49.85%
|6,16,729
|[[Hemant Tukaram Godse]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena}}
|36.75%
|4,54,728
|13.1%
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}} ; color:white;" |162001
|-
|22
|[[Palghar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Palghar]]
|ST
|[[Hemant Vishnu Savara]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|43.69%
|6,01,244
|[[Bharti Bharat Kamdi]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}
|30.37%
|4,17,938
|13.32%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|183306
|-
|23
|[[Bhiwandi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhiwandi]]
|
|[[Suresh Mhatre]]
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}
|39.85%
|4,99,464
|[[Kapil Moreshwar Patil]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|34.57%
|4,33,343
|5.28%
|style="background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}} ; color:white;" |66121
|-
|24
|[[Kalyan (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kalyan]]
|
|[[Shrikant Shinde]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena}}
|56.38%
|5,89,636
|[[Vaishali Darekar]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}
|36.39%
|3,80,492
|19.99%
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}} ; color:white;" |209144
|-
|25
|[[Thane (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thane]]
|
|[[Naresh Mhaske]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena}}
|56.09%
|7,34,231
|[[Rajan Vichare]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}
|39.51%
|5,17,220
|16.58%
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}} ; color:white;" |217011
|-
|26
|[[Mumbai North (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai North]]
|
|[[Piyush Goyal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|65.68%
|6,80,146
|[[Bhushan Patil]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|31.15%
|3,22,538
|34.53%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|357608
|-
|27
|[[Mumbai North West (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai North West]]
|
|[[Ravindra Waikar]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena}}
|47.400%
|4,52,644
|[[Amol Kirtikar]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}
|47.395%
|4,52,596
|0.005%
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}} ; color:white;" |48
|-
|28
|[[Mumbai North East (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai North East]]
|
|[[Sanjay Dina Patil]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}
|48.67%
|4,50,937
|[[Mihir Kotecha]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|45.45%
|4,21,076
|3.22%
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}} ; color:white;" |29861
|-
|29
|[[Mumbai North Central (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai North Central]]
|
|[[Varsha Gaikwad]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|48.93%
|4,45,545
|[[Ujjwal Nikam]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|47.12%
|4,29,031
|1.81%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |16514
|-
|30
|[[Mumbai South Central (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai South Central]]
|
|[[Anil Desai]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}
|49.73%
|3,95,138
|[[Rahul Ramesh Shewale]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena}}
|43.01%
|3,41,754
|6.72%
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}} ; color:white;" |53384
|-
|31
|[[Mumbai South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai South]]
|
|[[Arvind Sawant]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}
|51.18%
|3,95,655
|[[Yamini Jadhav]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena}}
|44.36%
|3,42,982
|6.82%
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}} ; color:white;" |52673
|-
|32
|[[Raigad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raigad]]
|
|[[Sunil Tatkare]]
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|50.17%
|5,08,352
|[[Anant Geete]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}
|42%
|4,25,568
|8.17%
|style="background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}} ; color:white;" |82784
|-
|33
|[[Maval (Lok Sabha constituency)|Maval]]
|
|[[Shrirang Barne]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena}}
|48.81%
|6,92,832
|[[Sanjog Bhiku Waghere Patil]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}
|42%
|5,96,217
|7
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}} ; color:white;" |96615
|-
|34
|[[Pune (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pune]]
|
|[[Murlidhar Mohol]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|52.94%
|5,84,728
|[[Ravindra Hemraj Dhangekar]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|41.8%
|4,61,690
|11.14%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|123038
|-
|35
|[[Baramati (Lok Sabha constituency)|Baramati]]
|
|[[Supriya Sule]]
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}
|51.85%
|7,32,312
|[[Sunetra Pawar]]
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|40.64%
|5,73,979
|11.21%
|style="background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}} ; color:white;" |158333
|-
|36
|[[Shirur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shirur]]
|
|[[Amol Kolhe]]
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}
|50.83%
|6,98,692
|[[Shivajirao Adhalarao Patil]]
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|40.58%
|5,57,741
|10.25%
|style="background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}} ; color:white;" |140951
|-
|37
|[[Ahmednagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ahmednagar]]
|
|[[Nilesh Dnyandev Lanke]]
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}
|47.14%
|6,24,797
|[[Sujay Vikhe Patil]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|44.95%
|5,95,868
|2.19%
|style="background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}} ; color:white;" |28929
|-
|38
|[[Shirdi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shirdi]]
|SC
|[[Bhausaheb Rajaram Wakchaure]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}
|45%
|4,76,900
|[[Sadashiv Lokhande]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena}}
|40.23%
|4,26,371
|4.77%
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}} ; color:white;" |50529
|-
|39
|[[Beed (Lok Sabha constituency)|Beed]]
|
|[[Bajrang Manohar Sonwane]]
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}
|44.5%
|6,83,950
|[[Pankaja Munde]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|44.93%
|6,77,397
|0.43%
|style="background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}} ; color:white;" |6553
|-
|40
|[[Osmanabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Osmanabad]]
|
|[[Omprakash Rajenimbalkar]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}
|58.45%
|7,48,752
|[[Archana Patil]]
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|32.7%
|4,18,906
|25.75%
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}} ; color:white;" |329846
|-
|41
|[[Latur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Latur]]
|SC
|[[Kalge Shivaji Bandappa]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|49.15%
|6,09,021
|[[Sudhakar Tukaram Shrangare]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|44.16%
|5,47,140
|4.99%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |61881
|-
|42
|[[Solapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Solapur]]
|SC
|[[Praniti Shinde]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|51.49%
|6,20,225
|[[Ram Satpute]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|45.33%
|5,46,028
|6.16%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |74197
|-
|43
|[[Madha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Madha]]
|
|[[Dhairyasheel Patil]]
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}
|48.86%
|6,22,213
|[[Ranjit Naik-Nimbalkar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|39.37%
|5,01,376
|9.49%
|style="background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}} ; color:white;" |120837
|-
|44
|[[Sangli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sangli]]
|
|[[Vishal Prakashbapu Patil]]
|{{Party name with color|Independent}}
|48.91%
|5,71,666
|[[Sanjay Patil]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|40.35%
|4,71,613
|8.56%
|style="background:{{party color|Independent }} ; color:black;" |100053
|-
|45
|[[Satara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Satara]]
|
|[[Udayanraje Bhosale|Shrimant Chhatrapati Udayanraje Pratapsinhmaharaj Bhonsle]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|47.67%
|5,71,134
|[[Shashikant Shinde]]
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}
|44.94%
|5,38,363
|2.73%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|32771
|-
|46
|[[Ratnagiri-Sindhudurg (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ratnagiri-Sindhudurg]]
|
|[[Narayan Rane]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|49.07%
|4,48,514
|[[Vinayak Raut]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}
|43.83%
|4,00,656
|5.24%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|47858
|-
|47
|[[Kolhapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kolhapur]]
|
|[[Shahu II of Kolhapur|Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|54.15%
|7,54,522
|[[Sanjay Mandlik]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena}}
|43.03%
|5,99,558
|11.12%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |154964
|-
|48
|[[Hatkanangle (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hatkanangle]]
|
|[[Dhairyasheel Sambhajirao Mane]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena}}
|40.14%
|5,20,190
|[[Satyajeet Patil]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}
|39.1%
|5,06,764
|1.04%
|style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}} ; color:white;" |13426
|-
|rowspan="2" |'''[[Manipur]]'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Results of the Lok sabha constituencies of Manipur
|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-S14.htm}}</ref>
|1
|[[Inner Manipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Inner Manipur]]
|
|[[Angomcha Bimol Akoijam]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|46.93%
|3,74,017
|[[Thounaojam Basanta Kumar Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|33.16%
|2,64,216
|13.77%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |109801
|-
|2
|[[Outer Manipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Outer Manipur]]
|ST
|[[Alfred Kan-Ngam Arthur]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|48.32%
|3,84,954
|[[Kachui Timothy Zimik]]
|{{Party name with color|Naga Peoples Front}}
|37.6%
|2,99,536
|11
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |85418
|-
|rowspan="2" |'''[[Meghalaya]]'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Results of the Lok sabha constituencies of Meghalaya
|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-S15.htm}}</ref>
|1
|[[Shillong (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shillong]]
|ST
|[[Ricky AJ Syngkon]]
|{{Party name with color|Voice of the People Party (Meghalaya)}}
|55.02%
|5,71,078
|[[Vincent H. Pala]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|19.19%
|1,99,168
|35.83%
|style="background:{{party color|Voice of the People Party (Meghalaya)}} ; color:white;" |371910
|-
|2
|[[Tura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tura]]
|ST
|[[Saleng A. Sangma]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|56.96%
|3,83,919
|[[Agatha Sangma]]
|{{Party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
|33.93%
|2,28,678
|23.03%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |155241
|-
|'''[[Mizoram]]'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Result of the Lok sabha constituency of Mizoram
|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-S16.htm}}</ref>
|1
|[[Mizoram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mizoram]]
|ST
|[[Richard Vanlalhmangaiha]]
|{{Party name with color|Zoram People's Movement}}
|42.45%
|2,08,552
|[[K. Vanlalvena]]
|{{Party name with color|Mizo National Front}}
|28.55%
|1,40,264
|13.9%
|style="background:{{party color|Zoram People's Movement}} ; color:black;" |68288
|-
|'''[[Nagaland]]'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Result of the Lok sabha constituency of Nagaland
|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-S17.htm}}</ref>
|1
|[[Nagaland (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaland]]
|ST
|[[S. Supongmeren Jamir]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|52.83%
|4,01,951
|[[Chumben Murry]]
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party}}
|46.13%
|3,50,967
|6.7%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |50984
|-
|rowspan="21" |'''[[Odisha]]'''<ref>{{cite web |title= Results of the Lok sabha constituencies of Odisha
|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-S18.htm}}</ref>
|1
|[[Bargarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bargarh]]
|
|[[Pradeep Purohit]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|54.69%
|7,16,359
|[[Parinita Mishra]]
|{{Party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|35.48%
|4,64,692
|19.21%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|251667
|-
|2
|[[Sundargarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sundargarh]]
|ST
|[[Jual Oram]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|42.77%
|4,94,282
|[[Dilip Kumar Tirkey]]
|{{Party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|30.76%
|3,55,474
|12.01%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|138808
|-
|3
|[[Sambalpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sambalpur]]
|
|[[Dharmendra Pradhan]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|49.48%
|5,92,162
|[[Pranab Prakash Das]]
|{{Party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|39.47%
|4,72,326
|10.01%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|119836
|-
|4
|[[Keonjhar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Keonjhar]]
|ST
|[[Ananta Nayak]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|45.67%
|5,73,923
|[[Dhanurjaya Sidu]]
|{{Party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|37.95%
|4,76,881
|7.72%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|97042
|-
|5
|[[Mayurbhanj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mayurbhanj]]
|ST
|[[Naba Charan Majhi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|49.91%
|5,85,971
|[[Sudam Marndi]]
|{{Party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|31.23%
|3,66,637
|18.68%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|219334
|-
|6
|[[Balasore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Balasore]]
|
|[[Pratap Chandra Sarangi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|45.49%
|5,63,865
|[[Lekhasri Samantsinghar]]
|{{Party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|33.62%
|4,16,709
|11.87%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|147156
|-
|7
|[[Bhadrak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhadrak]]
|SC
|[[Avimanyu Sethi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|44.19%
|5,73,319
|[[Manjulata Mandal]]
|{{Party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|37.13%
|4,81,775
|7.06%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|91544
|-
|8
|[[Jajpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jajpur]]
|SC
|[[Rabindra Narayan Behera]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|46.01%
|5,34,239
|[[Sarmistha Sethi]]
|{{Party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|45.87%
|5,32,652
|0.14%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|1587
|-
|9
|[[Dhenkanal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhenkanal]]
|
|[[Rudra Narayan Pany]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|50.24%
|5,98,721
|[[Abinash Samal]]
|{{Party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|43.82%
|5,22,154
|6.42%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|76567
|-
|10
|[[Bolangir (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bolangir]]
|
|[[Sangeeta Kumari Singh Deo]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|44.12%
|6,17,744
|[[Surendra Singh Bhoi]]
|{{Party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|34.64%
|4,85,080
|9.48%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|132664
|-
|11
|[[Kalahandi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kalahandi]]
|
|[[Malvika Devi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|40.79%
|5,44,303
|[[Lambodar Nial]]
|{{Party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|30.77%
|4,10,490
|10.02%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|133813
|-
|12
|[[Nabarangpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nabarangpur]]
|ST
|[[Balabhadra Majhi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|38.74%
|4,81,396
|[[Pradeep Kumar Majhi]]
|{{Party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|31.7%
|3,93,860
|7.04%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|87536
|-
|13
|[[Kandhamal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kandhamal]]
|
|[[Sukanta Kumar Panigrahi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|41.8%
|4,16,415
|[[Achyutananda Samanta]]
|{{Party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|39.66%
|3,95,044
|2.14%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|21371
|-
|14
|[[Cuttack (Lok Sabha constituency)|Cuttack]]
|
|[[Bhartruhari Mahtab]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|47.43%
|5,31,601
|[[Santrupt Misra]]
|{{Party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|42.34%
|4,74,524
|5.09%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|57077
|-
|15
|[[Kendrapara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kendrapara]]
|
|[[Baijayant Panda]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|48.21%
|6,15,705
|[[Anshuman Mohanty]]
|{{Party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|43%
|5,49,169
|5.21%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|66536
|-
|16
|[[Jagatsinghpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jagatsinghpur]]
|SC
|[[Bibhu Prasad Tarai]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|45.8%
|5,89,093
|[[Rajashree Mallick]]
|{{Party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|42.63%
|5,48,397
|3.17%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|40696
|-
|17
|[[Puri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Puri]]
|
|[[Sambit Patra]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|52.58%
|6,29,330
|[[Arup Patnaik]]
|{{Party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|43.83%
|5,24,621
|8.75%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|104709
|-
|18
|[[Bhubaneswar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhubaneswar]]
|
|[[Aparajita Sarangi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|47.36%
|5,12,519
|[[Manmath Kumar Routray]]
|{{Party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|44.11%
|4,77,367
|3.25%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|35152
|-
|19
|[[Aska (Lok Sabha constituency)|Aska]]
|
|[[Anita Subhadarshini]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|48.55%
|4,94,226
|[[Ranjita Sahu]]
|{{Party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|38.73%
|3,94,252
|9.82%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|99974
|-
|20
|[[Berhampur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Berhampur]]
|
|[[Pradeep Kumar Panigrahy]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|49.2%
|5,13,102
|[[Bhrugu Baxipatra]]
|{{Party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|33.33%
|3,47,626
|15.87%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|165476
|-
|21
|[[Koraput (Lok Sabha constituency)|Koraput]]
|ST
|[[Saptagiri Sankar Ulaka]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|41.03%
|4,71,393
|[[Kausalya Hikaka]]
|{{Party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|28.17%
|3,23,649
|12.86%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |147744
|-
|'''[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]'''<ref>{{cite web |title= Results of the Lok sabha constituency of Puducherry
|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-U07.htm}}</ref>
|1
|[[Puducherry (Lok Sabha constituency)|Puducherry]]
|
|[[V. Vaithilingam]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|52.73%
|4,26,005
|[[A. Namassivayam]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|35.83%
|2,89,489
|16.9%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |136516
|-
|rowspan="13" |'''[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Results of the Lok sabha constituencies of Punjab
|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-S19.htm}}</ref>
|1
|[[Gurdaspur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gurdaspur]]
|
|[[Sukhjinder Singh Randhawa]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|33.78%
|3,64,043
|[[Dinesh Singh (Punjab politician)|Dinesh Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|26.09%
|2,81,182
|7.69%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |82,861
|-
|2
|[[Amritsar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amritsar]]
|
|[[Gurjeet Singh Aujla]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|28.18%
|2,55,181
|[[Kuldeep Singh Dhaliwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|23.73%
|2,14,880
|4.45%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |40,301
|-
|3
|[[Khadoor Sahib (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khadoor Sahib]]
|
|[[Amritpal Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Independent}}
|38.62%
|4,04,430
|[[Kulbir Singh Zira]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|19.80%
|2,07,310
|18.82%
|style="background:{{party color|Independent}} ; color:black;" |1,97,120
|-
|4
|[[Jalandhar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalandhar]]
|SC
|[[Charanjit Singh Channi]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|39.43%
|3,90,053
|[[Sushil Kumar Rinku]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|21.64%
|2,14,060
|17.79%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |1,75,993
|-
|5
|[[Hoshiarpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hoshiarpur]]
|SC
|[[Raj Kumar Chabbewal]]
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|32.04%
|3,03,859
|Yamini Gomar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|27.39%
|2,59,748
|4.65%
|style="background:{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}} ; color:white;" |44,111
|-
|6
|[[Anandpur Sahib (Lok Sabha constituency)|Anandpur Sahib]]
|
|[[Malvinder Singh Kang]]
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|29.08%
|3,13,217
|[[Vijay Inder Singla]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|28.07%
|3,02,371
|1.01%
|style="background:{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}} ; color:white;" |10,846
|-
|7
|[[Ludhiana (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ludhiana]]
|
|[[Amrinder Singh Raja Warring]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|30.42%
|3,22,224
|[[Ravneet Singh Bittu]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|28.45%
|3,01,282
|1.98%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |20,942
|-
|8
|[[Fatehgarh Sahib (Lok Sabha constituency)|Fatehgarh Sahib]]
|SC
|[[Amar Singh (Punjab politician)|Amar Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|34.14%
|3,32,591
|Gurpreet Singh GP
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|30.63%
|2,98,389
|3.51%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |34,202
|-
|9
|[[Faridkot (Lok Sabha constituency)|Faridkot]]
|SC
|[[Sarabjeet Singh Khalsa]]
|{{Party name with color|Independent}}
|29.38%
|2,98,062
|[[Karamjit Anmol]]
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|22.48%
|2,28,009
|6.91%
|style="background:{{party color|Independent}} ; color:black;" |70,053
|-
|10
|[[Ferozepur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ferozpur]]
|
|[[Sher Singh Ghubaya]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|23.70%
|2,66,626
|[[Jagdeep Singh Kaka Brar]]
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|23.41%
|2,63,384
|0.29%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |3,242
|-
|11
|[[Bathinda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bathinda]]
|
|[[Harsimrat Kaur Badal]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|32.71%
|3,76,558
|[[Gurmeet Singh Khuddian]]
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|28.40%
|3,26,902
|4.31%
|style="background:{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal }} ; color:white;" |49,656
|-
|12
|[[Sangrur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sangrur]]
|
|[[Gurmeet Singh Meet Hayer]]
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|36.06%
|3,64,085
|[[Sukhpal Singh Khaira]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|18.97%
|1,91,525
|17.09%
|style="background:{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}} ; color:white;" |1,72,560
|-
|13
|[[Patiala (Lok Sabha constituency)|Patiala]]
|
|[[Dharamvir Gandhi|Dharamvira Gandhi]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|26.54%
|3,05,616
|[[Dr. Balbir Singh|Balbir Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|25.25%
|2,90,785
|1.29%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |14,831
|-
|rowspan="25" |'''[[Rajasthan]]'''<ref>{{cite web |title= Results of the Lok sabha constituencies of Rajasthan
|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-S20.htm}}</ref>
|1
|[[Ganganagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ganganagar]]
|SC
|[[Kuldeep Indora]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|51.4%
|7,26,492
|Priyanka Balan Meghwal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|45.16%
|6,38,339
|6.24%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" | 88,153
|-
|2
|[[Bikaner (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bikaner]]
|SC
|[[Arjun Ram Meghwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|50.68%
|5,66,737
|[[Govind Ram Meghwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|45.67%
|5,11,026
|5.01%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"| 55,711
|-
|3
|[[Churu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Churu]]
|
|[[Rahul Kaswan]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|51.12%
|7,28,211
|[[Devendra Jhajharia]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|46.01%
|6,55,474
|5
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" | 72,737
|-
|4
|[[Jhunjhunu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhunjhunu]]
|
|[[Brijendra Singh Ola]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|49.44%
|5,53,168
|[[Shubhkaran Choudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|47.81%
|5,34,933
|1.63%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" | 18,235
|-
|5
|[[Sikar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikar]]
|
|[[Amra Ram]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|50.68%
|6,59,300
|[[Sumedhanand Saraswati]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|45.08%
|5,86,404
|5.60%
|style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}} ; color:white;" | 72,896
|-
|6
|[[Jaipur Rural (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaipur Rural]]
|
|[[Rao Rajendra Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|48.96%
|6,17,877
|Anil Chopra
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|48.83%
|6,16,262
|0.13%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|1615
|-
|7
|[[Jaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaipur]]
|
|[[Manju Sharma (politician)|Manju Sharma]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|60.61%
|8,86,850
|[[Pratap Singh Khachariyawas]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|37.93%
|5,55,083
|22.68%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|331767
|-
|8
|[[Alwar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alwar]]
|
|[[Bhupender Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|50.42%
|6,31,992
|[[Lalit Yadav (politician)|Lalit Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|46.57%
|5,83,710
|3.85%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|48282
|-
|9
|[[Bharatpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bharatpur]]
|SC
|[[Sanjana Jatav]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|51.18%
|5,79,890
|[[Ramswaroop Koli]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|46.59%
|5,27,907
|4.59%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |51983
|-
|10
|[[Karauli–Dholpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karauli–Dholpur]]
|SC
|[[Bhajan Lal Jatav]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|53.64%
|5,30,011
|[[Indu Devi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|43.62%
|4,31,066
|10.02%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |98945
|-
|11
|[[Dausa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dausa]]
|ST
|[[Murari Lal Meena]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|60.24%
|6,46,266
|[[Kanhaiya Lal Meena]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|38.12%
|4,08,926
|22.12%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |237340
|-
|12
|[[Tonk–Sawai Madhopur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tonk–Sawai Madhopur]]
|
|[[Harish Chandra Meena]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|50.85%
|6,23,763
|[[Sukhbir Singh Jaunapuria]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|45.56%
|5,58,814
|5.29%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |64949
|-
|13
|[[Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ajmer]]
|
|[[Bhagirath Choudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|62.23%
|7,47,462
|[[Ramchandra Choudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|34.76%
|4,17,471
|27.47%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|329991
|-
|14
|[[Nagaur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaur]]
|
|[[Hanuman Beniwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Loktantrik Party}}
|48.20%
|5,96,955
|[[Jyoti Mirdha]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|44.79%
|5,54,730
|3.41%
|style="background:{{party color|Rashtriya Loktantrik Party}} ; color:black;" | 42,225
|-
|15
|[[Pali (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pali]]
|
|[[P. P. Chaudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|55.94%
|7,57,389
|Sangeeta Beniwal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|37.82%
|5,12,038
|18.12%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|245351
|-
|16
|[[Jodhpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jodhpur]]
|
|[[Gajendra Singh Shekhawat]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|52.76%
|7,30,056
|[[Karan Singh Unchiyarda]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|44.4%
|6,14,379
|8.36%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|115677
|-
|17
|[[Barmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barmer]]
|
|[[Ummeda Ram Beniwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|41.74%
|7,04,676
|[[Ravindra Singh Bhati]]
|{{Party name with color|Independent}}
|34.74%
|5,86,500
|7%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |118176
|-
|18
|[[Jalore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalore]]
|SC
|[[Lumbaram Choudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|54.91%
|7,96,783
|[[Vaibhav Gehlot]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|41.02%
|5,95,240
|13.89%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|201543
|-
|19
|[[Udaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Udaipur]]
|ST
|[[Manna Lal Rawat]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|49.27%
|7,38,286
|[[Tarachand Meena]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|31.81%
|4,76,678
|17.46%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|261608
|-
|20
|[[Banswara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banswara]]
|ST
|[[Rajkumar Roat]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharat Adivasi Party}}
|50.15%
|8,20,831
|[[Mahendrajeet Singh Malviya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|35.05%
|5,73,777
|15.1%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharat Adivasi Party }} ; color:white;" |247054
|-
|21
|[[Chittorgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chittorgarh]]
|
|[[Chandra Prakash Joshi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|59.26%
|8,88,202
|[[Udailal Anjana]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|33.25%
|4,98,325
|26.01%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|389877
|-
|22
|[[Rajsamand (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajsamand]]
|
|[[Mahima Kumari Mewar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|64.4%
|7,81,203
|[[Damodar Gurjar]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|32.06%
|3,88,980
|32.34%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|392223
|-
|23
|[[Bhilwara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhilwara]]
|
|[[Damodar Agarwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|61.92%
|8,07,640
|[[C. P. Joshi]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|34.73%
|4,53,034
|27.19%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|354606
|-
|24
|[[Kota (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kota]]
|
|[[Om Birla]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|50.03%
|7,50,496
|[[Prahlad Gunjal]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|47.23%
|7,08,522
|2.8%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|41974
|-
|25
|[[Jhalawar–Baran (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhalawar–Baran]]
|
|[[Dushyant Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|60.88%
|8,65,376
|[[Urmila Jain]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|34.78%
|4,94,387
|26.1%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|370989
|-
|'''[[Sikkim]]'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Result of the Lok sabha constituency of Sikkim
|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-S21.htm}}</ref>
|1
|[[Sikkim (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikkim]]
|
|[[Indra Hang Subba]]
|{{Party name with color|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha}}
|42.71%
|1,64,396
|[[Bharat Basnett]]
|{{Party name with color|Citizen Action Party (Sikkim)}}
|21.71%
|83,566
|21%
|style="background:{{party color|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha}} ; color:white;" |164396
|-
|rowspan="39" |'''[[Tamil Nadu]]'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Results of the Lok sabha constituencies of Tamil Nadu
|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-S22.htm}}</ref>
|1
|[[Thiruvallur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thiruvallur]]
|
|[[Sasikanth Senthil]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|56.21%
|7,96,956
|[[V. Pon Balaganapathy]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|15.86%
|2,24,801
|40.35%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |572155
|-
|2
|[[Chennai North (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chennai North]]
|
|[[Kalanidhi Veeraswamy]]
|{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|55.11%
|4,97,333
|[[R. Manohar]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|17.52%
|1,58,111
|37.59%
|style="background:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} ; color:white;" |339222
|-
|3
|[[Chennai South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chennai South]]
|
|[[Thamizhachi Thangapandian]]
|{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|47%
|5,16,628
|[[Tamilisai Soundararajan]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|26.44%
|2,90,683
|20.56%
|style="background:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} ; color:white;" |225945
|-
|4
|[[Chennai Central (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chennai Central]]
|
|[[Dayanidhi Maran]]
|{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|56.65%
|4,13,848
|[[Vinoj P. Selvam|Vinoj]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|23.16%
|1,69,159
|33.49%
|style="background:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} ; color:white;" |244689
|-
|5
|[[Sriperumbudur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sriperumbudur]]
|
|[[T. R. Baalu]]
|{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|52.65%
|7,58,611
|[[G. Premkumar]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|18.85%
|2,71,582
|33.8%
|style="background:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} ; color:white;" |487029
|-
|6
|[[Kancheepuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kancheepuram]]
|SC
|[[G. Selvam]]
|{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|46.53%
|5,86,044
|[[Rajasekar E.]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|28.94%
|3,64,571
|17.59%
|style="background:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} ; color:white;" |221473
|-
|7
|[[Arakkonam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arakkonam]]
|SC
|[[S. Jagathrakshakan]]
|{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|48.39%
|5,63,216
|[[L. Vijayan]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|22.05%
|2,56,657
|26.34%
|style="background:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} ; color:white;" |306559
|-
|8
|[[Vellore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vellore]]
|SC
|[[Kathir Anand]]
|{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|50.35%
|5,68,692
|[[A. C. Shanmugam]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|31.25%
|3,52,990
|19.1%
|style="background:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} ; color:white;" |215702
|-
|9
|[[Krishnagiri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Krishnagiri]]
|
|[[K. Gopinath]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|42.27%
|4,92,883
|[[V. Jayaprakash]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|25.76%
|3,00,397
|16.51%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |192486
|-
|10
|[[Dharmapuri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dharmapuri]]
|
|[[A. Mani (Dharmapuri MP)|A. Mani]]
|{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|34.67%
|4,32,667
|[[Sowmiya Anbumani]]
|{{Party name with color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
|32.97%
|4,11,367
|1.7%
|style="background:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} ; color:white;" |21300
|-
|11
|[[Tiruvannamalai (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tiruvannamalai]]
|
|[[C. N. Annadurai]]
|{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|47.75%
|5,47,379
|[[M. Kaliyaperumal]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|27.34%
|3,13,448
|20.41%
|style="background:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} ; color:white;" |233931
|-
|12
|[[Arani (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arani]]
|
|[[M.S. Tharanivendhan]]
|{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|43.86%
|5,00,099
|[[G. V. Gajendran]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|25.55%
|2,91,333
|18.31%
|style="background:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} ; color:white;" |208766
|-
|13
|[[Villupuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Villupuram]]
|
|[[D. Ravikumar]]
|{{Party name with color|Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi}}
|41.39%
|4,77,033
|[[J. Bhagyaraj]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|35.25%
|4,06,330
|6.14%
|style="background:{{party color|Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi}} ; color:white;" |70703
|-
|14
|[[Kallakurichi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kallakurichi]]
|
|[[Malaiyarasan D]]
|{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|44.94%
|5,61,589
|[[R. Kumaraguru]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|40.64%
|5,07,805
|4.3%
|style="background:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} ; color:white;" |53784
|-
|15
|[[Salem (Lok Sabha constituency)|Salem]]
|
|[[T. M. Selvaganapathi]]
|{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|43.38%
|5,66,085
|[[P. Vignesh]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|37.99%
|4,95,728
|5.39%
|style="background:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} ; color:white;" |70357
|-
|16
|[[Namakkal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Namakkal]]
|
|[[V. S. Matheswaran]]
|{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|40.31%
|4,62,036
|[[S. Tamilmani]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|37.77%
|4,32,924
|2.54%
|style="background:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} ; color:white;" |29112
|-
|17
|[[Erode (Lok Sabha constituency)|Erode]]
|
|[[K. E. Prakash]]
|{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|51.43%
|5,62,339
|Ashok Kumar
|{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|29.79%
|3,25,773
|21.64%
|style="background:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} ; color:white;" |236566
|-
|18
|[[Tiruppur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tiruppur]]
|
|[[K. Subbarayan]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|41.38%
|4,72,739
|[[P. Arunachalam]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|30.35%
|3,46,811
|11.03%
|style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India}} ; color:white;" |125928
|-
|19
|[[Nilgiris (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nilgiris]]
|
|[[A. Raja]]
|{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|46.44%
|4,73,212
|[[L. Murugan]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|22.83%
|2,32,627
|23.61%
|style="background:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} ; color:white;" |240585
|-
|20
|[[Coimbatore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Coimbatore]]
|
|[[Ganapathi P. Rajkumar]]
|{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|41.39%
|5,68,200
|{{ill|K. Annamalai (BJP Politician)|lt=K. Annamalai|ta|அண்ணாமலை குப்புசாமி}}
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|32.79%
|4,50,132
|8.6%
|style="background:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} ; color:white;" |118068
|-
|21
|[[Pollachi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pollachi]]
|
|[[Eswarasamy]]
|{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|47.37%
|5,33,377
|[[A. Karthikeyan]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|24.98%
|2,81,335
|22.39%
|style="background:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} ; color:white;" |252042
|-
|22
|[[Dindigul (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dindigul]]
|
|[[R. Sachidanandam]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|58.29%
|6,70,149
|[[M. A. Mohamed Mubarak]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|19.69%
|2,26,328
|38.6%
|style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}} ; color:white;" |443821
|-
|23
|[[Karur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karur]]
|
|[[Jothimani]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|47.25%
|5,34,906
|[[L. Thangavel]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|32.52%
|3,68,090
|14.73%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |166816
|-
|24
|[[Tiruchirappalli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tiruchirappalli]]
|
|[[Durai Vaiko]]
|{{Party name with color|Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|51.35%
|5,42,213
|[[P. Karuppaiah]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|21.7%
|2,29,119
|29.65%
|style="background:{{party color|Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} ; color:white;" |313094
|-
|25
|[[Perambalur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Perambalur]]
|
|[[Arun Nehru (Tamil Nadu politician)|Arun Nehru]]
|{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|53.42%
|6,03,209
|[[N. D. Chandramohan]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|18.96%
|2,14,102
|34.46%
|style="background:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} ; color:white;" |389107
|-
|26
|[[Cuddalore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Cuddalore]]
|
|[[M. K. Vishnu Prasad]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|44.11%
|4,55,053
|[[P. Sivakozhundu]]
|{{Party name with color|Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam}}
|26.09%
|2,69,157
|18.02%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |185896
|-
|27
|[[Chidambaram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chidambaram]]
|SC
|[[Thol. Thirumavalavan]]
|{{Party name with color|Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi}}
|43.28%
|5,05,084
|[[M. Chandrahasan]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|34.4%
|4,01,530
|8.88%
|style="background:{{party color|Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi}} ; color:white;" |103554
|-
|28
|[[Mayiladuthurai (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mayiladuthurai]]
|
|[[Sudha Ramakrishnan]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|47.67%
|5,18,459
|[[P. Babu]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|22.73%
|2,47,276
|24.94%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |271183
|-
|29
|[[Nagapattinam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagapattinam]]
|SC
|[[V. Selvaraj]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|47.79%
|4,65,044
|[[G. Sursith Sankar]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|26.49%
|2,56,087
|21.3%
|style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India}} ; color:white;" |208957
|-
|30
|[[Thanjavur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thanjavur]]
|SC
|[[S. Murasoli]]
|{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|48.82%
|5,02,245
|[[P. Sivanesan]]
|{{Party name with color|Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam}}
|17.76%
|1,82,662
|31.06%
|style="background:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} ; color:white;" |319583
|-
|31
|[[Sivaganga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sivaganga]]
|
|[[Karti Chidambaram]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|40.6%
|4,27,677
|[[A. Xavierdass]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|21.08%
|2,22,013
|19.52%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |205664
|-
|32
|[[Madurai (Lok Sabha constituency)|Madurai]]
|
|[[S. Venkatesan]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|43.6%
|4,30,323
|[[Raama Sreenivasan]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|22.38%
|2,20,914
|21.22%
|style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}} ; color:white;" |209409
|-
|33
|[[Theni (Lok Sabha constituency)|Theni]]
|
|[[Thanga Tamil Selvan]]
|{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|50.08%
|5,71,493
|[[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]]
|{{Party name with color|Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam}}
|25.65%
|2,92,668
|24.43%
|style="background:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} ; color:white;" |278825
|-
|34
|[[Virudhunagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Virudhunagar]]
|
|[[Manickam Tagore]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|36.28%
|3,85,256
|[[V. Vijayaprabhakaran]]
|{{Party name with color|Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam}}
|35.87%
|3,80,877
|0.41%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |4379
|-
|35
|[[Ramanathapuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ramanathapuram]]
|
|[[Kani K. Navas]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian Union Muslim League}}
|45.92%
|5,09,664
|[[O. Paneerselvam]]
|{{Party name with color|Independent}}
|30.89%
|3,42,882
|15.03%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}} ; color:white;" |166782
|-
|36
|[[Thoothukudi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thoothukudi]]
|
|[[Kanimozhi]]
|{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|55.26%
|5,40,729
|[[R. Velumany Sivasamy]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|15.12%
|1,47,991
|40.14%
|style="background:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} ; color:white;" |392738
|-
|37
|[[Tenkasi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tenkasi]]
|
|[[Rani Srikumar]]
|{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|40.97%
|4,25,679
|[[K. Krishnasamy]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|22.08%
|2,29,480
|18.89%
|style="background:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} ; color:white;" |196199
|-
|38
|[[Tirunelveli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tirunelveli]]
|
|[[C. Robert Bruce]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|47.06%
|5,02,296
|[[Nainar Nagenthran]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|31.54%
|3,36,676
|15.52%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |165620
|-
|39
|[[Kanyakumari (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kanniyakumari]]
|
|[[Vijay Vasanth]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|53.08%
|5,46,248
|[[Pon Radhakrishnan]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|35.6%
|3,66,341
|17.48%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |179907
|-
|rowspan="17" |'''[[Telangana]]'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Results of the Lok sabha constituencies of Telangana
|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-S29.htm}}</ref>
|1
|[[Adilabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Adilabad]]
|ST
|[[Godam Nagesh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|45.98%
|5,68,168
|[[Athram Suguna]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|38.65%
|4,77,516
|7.33%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|90652
|-
|2
|[[Peddapalli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Peddapalli]]
|SC
|[[Vamsi Krishna Gaddam]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|43.42%
|4,75,587
|[[Srinivas Gomase]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|31.43%
|3,44,223
|11.99%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |131364
|-
|3
|[[Karimnagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karimnagar]]
|
|[[Bandi Sanjay Kumar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|44.57%
|5,85,116
|[[Velchala Rajender Rao]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|27.41%
|3,59,907
|17.16%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|225209
|-
|4
|[[Nizamabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nizamabad]]
|
|[[Arvind Dharmapuri]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|48.02%
|5,92,318
|[[T. Jeevan Reddy]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|39.16%
|4,83,077
|8.86%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|109241
|-
|5
|[[Zahirabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Zahirabad]]
|
|[[Suresh Shetkar|Suresh Kumar Shetkar]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|42.73%
|5,28,418
|[[B. B. Patil]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|39%
|4,82,230
|3.73%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |46188
|-
|6
|[[Medak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Medak]]
|
|[[Raghunandan Rao]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|33.99%
|4,71,217
|[[Neelam Madhu]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|31.17%
|4,32,078
|2.82%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|39139
|-
|7
|[[Malkajgiri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Malkajgiri]]
|
|[[Etela Rajender]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|51.25%
|9,91,042
|[[Patnam Suneetha Mahender Reddy]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|31%
|5,99,567
|20.25%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|391475
|-
|8
|[[Secunderabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Secunderabad]]
|
|[[G. Kishan Reddy]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|45.15%
|4,73,012
|[[Danam Nagender]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|40.38%
|4,23,068
|4.77%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|49944
|-
|9
|[[Hyderabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hyderabad]]
|
|[[Asaduddin Owaisi]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|61.28%
|6,61,981
|[[Kompella Madhavi Latha]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|29.98%
|3,23,894
|31.3%
|style="background:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}} ; color:white;" |338087
|-
|10
|[[Chevella (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chevella]]
|
|[[Konda Vishweshwar Reddy]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|48.34%
|8,09,882
|[[G. Ranjith Reddy]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|38.02%
|6,36,985
|10.32%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |172897
|-
|11
|[[Mahbubnagar (Lok Sabha Constituency)|Mahbubnagar]]
|
|[[D. K. Aruna]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|41.66%
|5,10,747
|[[Challa Vamshi Chand Reddy]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|41.29%
|5,06,247
|0.37%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|4500
|-
|12
|[[Nagarkurnool (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagarkurnool]]
|SC
|[[Mallu Ravi]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|38.14%
|4,65,072
|[[Bharath Prasad Pothuganti]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|30.4%
|3,70,658
|7.74%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |94414
|-
|13
|[[Nalgonda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nalgonda]]
|
|[[Kunduru Raghuveer]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|60.5%
|7,84,337
|[[Shanampudi Saidireddy]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|17.31%
|2,24,432
|43.19%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |559905
|-
|14
|[[Bhongir (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhongir]]
|
|[[Chamala Kiran Kumar Reddy]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|44.89%
|6,29,143
|[[Boora Narsaiah Goud]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|29.04%
|4,06,973
|15.85%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |222170
|-
|15
|[[Warangal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Warangal]]
|SC
|[[Kadiyam Kavya]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|45.85%
|5,81,294
|[[Aroori Ramesh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|28.47%
|3,60,955
|17.38%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |220339
|-
|16
|[[Mahabubabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mahabubabad]]
|ST
|[[Balram Naik|Balram Naik Porika]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|55.27%
|6,12,774
|[[Kavitha Maloth]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharat Rashtra Samithi}}
|23.77%
|2,63,609
|31.5%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |349165
|-
|17
|[[Khammam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khammam]]
|
|[[Ramasahayam Raghuram Reddy]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|61.29%
|7,66,929
|[[Nama Nageswara Rao]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharat Rashtra Samithi}}
|23.9%
|2,99,082
|37.39%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |467847
|-
|rowspan="2" |'''[[Tripura]]'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Results of the Lok sabha constituencies of Tripura
|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-S23.htm}}</ref>
|1
|[[Tripura West (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tripura West]]
|
|[[Biplab Kumar Deb]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|72.85%
|8,81,341
|[[Ashish Kumar Saha]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|22.3%
|2,69,763
|50.55%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|611578
|-
|2
|[[Tripura East (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tripura East]]
|ST
|[[Kriti Devi Debbarman]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|68.54%
|7,77,447
|[[Rajendra Reang (Tripura politician)|Rajendra Reang]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|25.62%
|2,90,628
|42.92%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|486819
|-
|rowspan="80" |'''[[Uttar Pradesh]]'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Results of the Lok Sabha Constituencies of Uttar Pradesh
|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-S24.htm}}</ref>
|1
|[[Saharanpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Saharanpur]]
|
|[[Imran Masood]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|44.57%
|5,47,967
|[[Raghav Lakhanpal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|39.32%
|4,83,425
|5.25%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |64542
|-
|2
|[[Kairana (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kairana]]
|
|[[Iqra Choudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|48.9%
|5,28,013
|[[Pradeep Choudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|42.5%
|4,58,897
|6.4%
|style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |69116
|-
|3
|[[Muzaffarnagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Muzaffarnagar]]
|
|[[Harendra Singh Malik]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|43.64%
|4,70,721
|[[Sanjeev Kumar Balyan]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|41.35%
|4,46,049
|2.29%
|style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |24672
|-
|4
|[[Bijnor (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bijnor]]
|
|[[Chandan Chauhan]]
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}
|39.48%
|4,04,493
|Deepak
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|35.82%
|3,66,985
|3.66%
|style="background:{{party color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}} ; color:white;" |37508
|-
|5
|[[Nagina (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagina]]
|SC
|[[Chandrashekhar Azad (politician)|Chandrashekhar]]
|{{Party name with color|Azad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}}
|51.19%
|5,12,552
|[[Om Kumar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|36.06%
|3,61,079
|15.13%
|style="background:{{party color|Azad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}} ; color:white;" |151473
|-
|6
|[[Moradabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Moradabad]]
|
|[[Ruchi Vira]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|49.67%
|6,37,363
|[[Kunwar Sarvesh Kumar Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|41.43%
|5,31,601
|8.24%
|style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |105762
|-
|7
|[[Rampur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rampur]]
|
|[[Mohibbullah Nadvi|Mohibbullah]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|49.74%
|4,81,503
|[[Ghanshyam Singh Lodhi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|40.71%
|3,94,069
|9.03%
|style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |87434
|-
|8
|[[Sambhal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sambhal]]
|
|[[Zia ur Rahman Barq]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|47.8%
|5,71,161
|[[Parmeshwar Lal Saini]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|37.63%
|4,49,667
|10.17%
|style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |121494
|-
|9
|[[Amroha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amroha]]
|
|[[Kanwar Singh Tanwar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|42.9%
|4,76,506
|[[Kunwar Danish Ali]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|40.32%
|4,47,836
|2.58%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|28670
|-
|10
|[[Meerut (Lok Sabha constituency)|Meerut]]
|
|[[Arun Govil]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|46.21%
|5,46,469
|[[Sunita Verma]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|45.32%
|5,35,884
|0.89%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|10585
|-
|11
|[[Baghpat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Baghpat]]
|
|[[Rajkumar Sangwan]]
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}
|52.36%
|4,88,967
|[[Amarpal Sharma]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|35.29%
|3,29,508
|17.07%
|style="background:{{party color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}} ; color:white;" |159459
|-
|12
|[[Ghaziabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ghaziabad]]
|
|[[Atul Garg]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|58.09%
|8,54,170
|[[Dolly Sharma]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|35.17%
|5,17,205
|22.92%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|336965
|-
|13
|[[Gautam Buddh Nagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gautam Buddh Nagar]]
|
|[[Mahesh Sharma]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|59.69%
|8,57,829
|[[Mahendra Singh Nagar]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|20.76%
|2,98,357
|38.93%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|559472
|-
|14
|[[Bulandshahr (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bulandshahr]]
|SC
|[[Bhola Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Bhola Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|56.65%
|5,97,310
|Shivram
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|30.56%
|3,22,176
|26.09%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|275134
|-
|15
|[[Aligarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Aligarh]]
|
|[[Satish Kumar Gautam]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|44.28%
|5,01,834
|[[Bijendra Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|42.9%
|4,86,187
|1.38%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|15647
|-
|16
|[[Hathras (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hathras]]
|SC
|[[Anoop Pradhan]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|51.24%
|5,54,746
|[[Jasveer Valmiki]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|28.39%
|3,07,428
|22.85%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|247318
|-
|17
|[[Mathura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mathura]]
|
|[[Hema Malini]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|53.3%
|5,10,064
|[[Mukesh Dhangar]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|22.64%
|2,16,657
|30.66%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|293407
|-
|18
|[[Agra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Agra]]
|SC
|[[S. P. Singh Baghel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|53.34%
|5,99,397
|[[Suresh Chand Kardam]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|29.2%
|3,28,103
|24.14%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|271294
|-
|19
|[[Fatehpur Sikri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Fatehpur Sikri]]
|
|[[Rajkumar Chahar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|43.09%
|4,45,657
|[[Ramnath Singh Sikarwar]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|38.9%
|4,02,252
|4.19%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|43405
|-
|20
|[[Firozabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Firozabad]]
|
|[[Akshay Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|49.04%
|5,43,037
|[[Vishwadeep Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|40.98%
|4,53,725
|8.06%
|style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |89312
|-
|21
|[[Mainpuri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mainpuri]]
|
|[[Dimple Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|56.79%
|5,98,526
|[[Jaiveer Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|35.76%
|3,76,887
|21.03%
|style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |221639
|-
|22
|[[Etah (Lok Sabha constituency)|Etah]]
|
|[[Devesh Shakya]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|47.09%
|4,75,808
|[[Rajveer Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|44.32%
|4,47,756
|2.77%
|style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |28052
|-
|23
|[[Badaun (Lok Sabha constituency)|Badaun]]
|
|[[Aditya Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|45.97%
|5,01,855
|[[Durvijay Singh Shakya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|42.76%
|4,66,864
|3.21%
|style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |34991
|-
|24
|[[Aonla (Lok Sabha constituency)|Aonla]]
|
|[[Neeraj Maurya]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|45.23%
|4,92,515
|[[Dharmendra Kashyap]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|43.76%
|4,76,546
|1.47%
|style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |15969
|-
|25
|[[Bareilly (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bareilly]]
|
|[[Chhatrapal Singh Gangwar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|50.66%
|5,67,127
|[[Praveen Singh Aron]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|47.55%
|5,32,323
|3.11%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|34804
|-
|26
|[[Pilibhit (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pilibhit]]
|
|[[Jitin Prasad]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|52.3%
|6,07,158
|[[Bhagwat Saran Gangwar]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|38.09%
|4,42,223
|14.21%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|164935
|-
|27
|[[Shahjahanpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shahjahanpur]]
|SC
|[[Arun Kumar Sagar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|47.5%
|5,92,718
|[[Jyotsna Gond]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|43.06%
|5,37,339
|4.44%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|55379
|-
|28
|[[Kheri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kheri]]
|
|[[Utkarsh Verma]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|45.94%
|5,57,365
|[[Ajay Mishra Teni]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|43.11%
|5,23,036
|2.83%
|style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |34329
|-
|29
|[[Dhaurahra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhaurahra]]
|
|[[Anand Bhadauriya]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|39.91%
|4,43,743
|[[Rekha Verma (born 1973)|Rekha Verma]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|39.51%
|4,39,294
|0.4%
|style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |4449
|-
|30
|[[Sitapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sitapur]]
|
|[[Rakesh Rathore]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|48.2%
|5,31,138
|[[Rajesh Verma (Sitapur politician)|Rajesh Verma (politician)]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|40.06%
|4,41,497
|8.14%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |89641
|-
|31
|[[Hardoi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hardoi]]
|SC
|[[Jai Prakash]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|44.25%
|4,86,798
|[[Usha Verma]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|41.72%
|4,58,942
|2.53%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|27856
|-
|32
|[[Misrikh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Misrikh]]
|SC
|[[Ashok Kumar Rawat]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|45.15%
|4,75,016
|[[Sangita Rajvanshi]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|41.98%
|4,41,610
|3.17%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|33406
|-
|33
|[[Unnao (Lok Sabha constituency)|Unnao]]
|
|[[Sakshi Maharaj]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|47.31%
|6,16,133
|[[Annu Tandon]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|44.56%
|5,80,315
|2.75%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|35818
|-
|34
|[[Mohanlalganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mohanlalganj]]
|SC
|[[R. K. Chaudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|48.49%
|6,67,869
|[[Kaushal Kishore (politician)|Kaushal Kishore]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|43.38%
|5,97,577
|5.11%
|style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |70292
|-
|35
|[[Lucknow (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lucknow]]
|
|[[Rajnath Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|53.89%
|6,12,709
|[[Ravidas Mehrotra]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|42%
|4,77,550
|11.89%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|135159
|-
|36
|[[Rae Bareli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rae Bareli]]
|
|[[Rahul Gandhi]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|66.17%
|6,87,649
|[[Dinesh Pratap Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|28.64%
|2,97,619
|37.53%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |390030
|-
|37
|[[Amethi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amethi]]
|
|[[Kishori Lal Sharma]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|54.99%
|5,39,228
|[[Smriti Irani]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|37.94%
|3,72,032
|17.05%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |167196
|-
|38
|[[Sultanpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sultanpur]]
|
|[[Rambhual Nishad]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|43%
|4,44,330
|[[Maneka Gandhi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|38.82%
|4,01,156
|4.18%
|style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |43174
|-
|39
|[[Pratapgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pratapgarh]]
|
|[[Shiv Pal Singh Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|46.65%
|4,41,932
|[[Sangam Lal Gupta]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|39.66%
|3,75,726
|6.99%
|style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |66206
|-
|40
|[[Farrukhabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Farrukhabad]]
|
|[[Mukesh Rajput]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|47.2%
|4,87,963
|[[Naval Kishore Shakya]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|46.94%
|4,85,285
|0.26%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|2678
|-
|41
|[[Etawah (Lok Sabha constituency)|Etawah]]
|SC
|[[Jitendra Kumar Dohare]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|47.47%
|4,90,747
|[[Ram Shankar Katheria]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|41.82%
|4,32,328
|5.65%
|style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |58419
|-
|42
|[[Kannauj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kannauj]]
|
|[[Akhilesh Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|52.74%
|6,42,292
|[[Subrat Pathak]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|38.71%
|4,71,370
|14.03%
|style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |170922
|-
|43
|[[Kanpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kanpur Urban]]
|
|[[Ramesh Awasthi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|49.93%
|4,43,055
|[[Alok Mishra]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|47.56%
|4,22,087
|2.37%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|20968
|-
|44
|[[Akbarpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Akbarpur]]
|
|[[Devendra Singh (politician)|Devendra Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|47.6%
|5,17,423
|[[Raja Ram Pal]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|43.52%
|4,73,078
|4.08%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|44345
|-
|45
|[[Jalaun (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalaun]]
|SC
|[[Narayan Das Ahirwar]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|46.96%
|5,30,180
|[[Bhanu Pratap Singh Verma]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|42.19%
|4,76,282
|4.77%
|style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |53898
|-
|46
|[[Jhansi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhansi]]
|
|[[Anurag Sharma (politician)|Anurag Sharma]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|50%
|6,90,316
|[[Pradeep Jain Aditya]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|42.57%
|5,87,702
|7.43%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|102614
|-
|47
|[[Hamirpur, Uttar Pradesh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hamirpur]]
|
|[[Ajendra Singh Lodhi]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|44%
|4,90,683
|[[Kunwar Pushpendra Singh Chandel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|43.76%
|4,88,054
|0.24%
|style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |2629
|-
|48
|[[Banda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banda]]
|
|[[Krishna Devi Shivshanker|Krishna Devi Shivshanker Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|38.94%
|4,06,567
|[[R. K. Singh Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|32.12%
|3,35,357
|6.82%
|style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |71210
|-
|49
|[[Fatehpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Fatehpur]]
|
|[[Naresh Uttam Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|45.2%
|5,00,328
|[[Niranjan Jyoti]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|42.2%
|4,67,129
|3%
|style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |33199
|-
|50
|[[Kaushambi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kaushambi]]
|SC
|[[Pushpendra Saroj]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|50.51%
|5,09,787
|[[Vinod Kumar Sonkar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|40.21%
|4,05,843
|10.3%
|style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |103944
|-
|51
|[[Phulpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Phulpur]]
|
|[[Praveen Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|44.6%
|4,52,600
|[[Amarnath Singh Maurya]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|44.17%
|4,48,268
|0.43%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|4332
|-
|52
|[[Allahabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Allahabad]]
|
|[[Ujjwal Raman Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|48.8%
|4,62,145
|[[Neeraj Tripathi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|42.59%
|4,03,350
|6.21%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |58795
|-
|53
|[[Barabanki (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barabanki]]
|SC
|[[Tanuj Punia]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|55.78%
|7,19,927
|[[Rajrani Rawat]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|39.07%
|5,04,223
|16.71%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |215704
|-
|54
|[[Faizabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Faizabad]]
|
|[[Awadhesh Prasad]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|48.59%
|5,54,289
|[[Lallu Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|43.81%
|4,99,722
|4.78%
|style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |54567
|-
|55
|[[Ambedkar Nagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ambedkar Nagar]]
|
|[[Lalji Verma]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|46.3%
|5,44,959
|[[Ritesh Pandey]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|34.64%
|4,07,712
|11.66%
|style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |137247
|-
|56
|[[Bahraich (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bahraich]]
|SC
|[[Anand Kumar Gond]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|49.1%
|5,18,802
|[[Ramesh Gautam|Ramesh Chandra]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|43.02%
|4,54,575
|6.08%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|64227
|-
|57
|[[Kaiserganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kaiserganj]]
|
|[[Karan Bhushan Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|53.79%
|5,71,263
|Bhagat Ram
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|39.77%
|4,22,420
|14.02%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|148843
|-
|58
|[[Shrawasti (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shrawasti]]
|
|[[Ram Shiromani Verma]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|48.83%
|5,11,055
|[[Saket Misra]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|41.51%
|4,34,382
|7.32%
|style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |76673
|-
|59
|[[Gonda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gonda]]
|
|[[Kirti Vardhan Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|49.77%
|4,74,258
|[[Shreya Verma]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|44.92%
|4,28,034
|4.85%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|46224
|-
|60
|[[Domariyaganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Domariyaganj]]
|
|[[Jagdambika Pal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|45.47%
|4,63,303
|[[Bhishma Shankar Tiwari]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|41.27%
|4,20,575
|4.2%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|42728
|-
|61
|[[Basti (Lok Sabha constituency)|Basti]]
|
|[[Ram Prasad Chaudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|48.67%
|5,27,005
|[[Harish Dwivedi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|39.34%
|4,26,011
|9.33%
|style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |100994
|-
|62
|[[Sant Kabir Nagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sant Kabir Nagar]]
|
|[[Laxmikant]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|45.7%
|4,98,695
|[[Praveen Kumar Nishad]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|37.25%
|4,06,525
|8.45%
|style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |92170
|-
|63
|[[Maharajganj (Uttar Pradesh Lok Sabha constituency)|Maharajganj]]
|
|[[Pankaj Chaudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|48.85%
|5,91,310
|[[Virendra Chaudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|45.92%
|5,55,859
|2.93%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|35451
|-
|64
|[[Gorakhpur (Lok Sabha Constituency)|Gorakhpur]]
|
|[[Ravi Kishan]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|50.75%
|5,85,834
|[[Kajal Nishad]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|41.78%
|4,82,308
|8.97%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|103526
|-
|65
|[[Kushi Nagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kushi Nagar]]
|
|[[Vijay Kumar Dubey]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|47.79%
|5,16,345
|[[Ajay Pratap Singh (Madhya Pradesh politician)|Ajay Pratap Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|40.22%
|4,34,555
|7.57%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|81790
|-
|66
|[[Deoria (Lok Sabha constituency)|Deoria]]
|
|[[Shashank Mani]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|48.36%
|5,04,541
|[[Akhilesh Pratap Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|45.02%
|4,69,699
|3.34%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|34842
|-
|67
|[[Bansgaon (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bansgaon]]
|SC
|[[Kamlesh Paswan]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|45.38%
|4,28,693
|[[Sadal Prasad]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|45.04%
|4,25,543
|0.34%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|3150
|-
|68
|[[Lalganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lalganj]]
|SC
|[[Daroga Prasad Saroj]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|43.85%
|4,39,959
|[[Neelam Sonkar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|32.38%
|3,24,936
|11.47%
|style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |1,15,023
|-
|69
|[[Azamgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Azamgarh]]
|
|[[Dharmendra Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|48.2%
|5,08,239
|[[Dinesh Lal Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|32.93%
|3,47,204
|15.27%
|style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |1,61,035
|-
|70
|[[Ghosi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ghosi]]
|
|[[Rajeev Rai]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|43.73%
|5,03,131
|[[Arvind Rajbhar]]
|{{Party name with color|Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party}}
|29.57%
|3,40,188
|14.16%
|style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |1,62,943
|-
|71
|[[Salempur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Salempur]]
|
|[[Ramashankar Rajbhar]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|44.2%
|4,05,472
|[[Ravindra Kushawaha]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|43.81%
|4,01,899
|0.39%
|style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |3573
|-
|72
|[[Ballia (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ballia]]
|
|[[Sanatan Pandey]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|46.37%
|4,67,068
|[[Neeraj Shekhar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|42.06%
|4,23,684
|4.31%
|style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |43,384
|-
|73
|[[Jaunpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaunpur]]
|
|[[Babu Singh Kushwaha]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|46.21%
|5,09,130
|[[Kripashankar Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|37.19%
|4,09,795
|9.02%
|style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |99,335
|-
|74
|[[Machhlishahr (Lok Sabha constituency)|Machhlishahr]]
|SC
|[[Priya Saroj]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|42.57%
|4,51,292
|[[B. P. Saroj]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|39.19%
|4,15,442
|3.38%
|style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |35,850
|-
|75
|[[Ghazipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ghazipur]]
|
|[[Afzal Ansari]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|46.82%
|5,39,912
|[[Pars Nath Rai]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|35.99%
|4,15,051
|10.83%
|style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |1,24,861
|-
|76
|[[Chandauli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chandauli]]
|
|[[Virendra Singh (Varanasi)|Birendra Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|42.5%
|4,74,476
|[[Mahendra Nath Pandey]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|40.57%
|4,52,911
|1.93%
|style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |21,565
|-
|77
|[[Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Varanasi]]
|
|[[Narendra Modi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|54.24%
|6,12,970
|[[Ajay Rai]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|40.74%
|4,60,457
|13.5%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|1,52,513
|-
|78
|[[Bhadohi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhadohi]]
|
|[[Vinod Kumar Bind]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|42.39%
|4,59,982
|[[Laliteshpati Tripathi]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|38.33%
|4,15,910
|4.06%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|44,072
|-
|79
|[[Mirzapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mirzapur]]
|
|[[Anupriya Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Apna Dal (Soneylal)}}
|42.67%
|4,71,631
|[[Ramesh Chand Bind]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|39.25%
|4,33,821
|3.42%
|style="background:{{party color|Apna Dal (Soneylal)}} ; color:white;" |37,810
|-
|80
|[[Robertsganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Robertsganj]]
|SC
|[[Chhotelal]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|46.14%
|4,65,848
|[[Rinki Kol]]
|{{Party name with color|Apna Dal (Soneylal)}}
|33.34%
|3,36,614
|12.8%
|style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}} ; color:white;" |1,29,234
|-
|rowspan="5" |'''[[Uttarakhand]]'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Results of the Lok sabha constituencies of Uttarakhand
|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-S28.htm}}</ref>
|1
|[[Tehri Garhwal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tehri Garhwal]]
|
|[[Mala Rajya Laxmi Shah|Mala Rajya Lakshmi Shah]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|53.66%
|4,62,603
|[[Jot Singh Gunsola]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|22.05%
|1,90,110
|31.61%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|2,72,493
|-
|2
|[[Garhwal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Garhwal]]
|
|[[Anil Baluni]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|58.6%
|4,32,159
|[[Ganesh Godiyal]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|36.43%
|2,68,656
|22.17%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|1,63,503
|-
|3
|[[Almora (Lok Sabha constituency)|Almora]]
|SC
|[[Ajay Tamta]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|64.2%
|4,29,167
|[[Pradeep Tamta]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|29.18%
|1,95,070
|35.02%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|2,34,097
|-
|4
|[[Nainital–Udhamsingh Nagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nainital-Udhamsingh Nagar]]
|
|[[Ajay Bhatt]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|61.03%
|7,72,671
|[[Prakash Joshi]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|34.61%
|4,38,123
|26.42%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|3,34,548
|-
|5
|[[Haridwar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Haridwar]]
|
|[[Trivendra Singh Rawat]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|50.19%
|6,53,808
|[[Virendra Rawat]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|37.6%
|4,89,752
|12.59%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|1,64,056
|-
|rowspan="42" |'''[[West Bengal]]'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Results of the Lok Sabha Constituencies of West Bengal
|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-S25.htm}}</ref>
|1
|[[Cooch Behar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Cooch Behar]]
|SC
|[[Jagadish Chandra Barma Basunia]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|48.57%
|7,88,375
|[[Nisith Pramanik]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|46.16%
|7,49,125
|2.41%
|style="background:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |39,250
|-
|2
|[[Alipurduars (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alipurduars]]
|SC
|[[Manoj Tigga]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|48.92%
|6,95,314
|[[Prakash Chik Baraik]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|43.61%
|6,19,867
|5.31%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|75,447
|-
|3
|[[Jalpaiguri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalpaiguri]]
|SC
|[[Jayanta Kumar Roy]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|48.57%
|7,66,568
|[[Nirmal Chandra Roy]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|43.07%
|6,79,875
|5.5%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|86,693
|-
|4
|[[Darjeeling (Lok Sabha constituency)|Darjeeling]]
|
|[[Raju Bista]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|51.18%
|6,79,331
|[[Gopal Lama]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|37.73%
|5,00,806
|13.45%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|1,78,525
|-
|5
|[[Raiganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raiganj]]
|
|[[Kartick Paul|Kartick Chandra Paul]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|40.99%
|5,60,897
|[[Krishna Kalyani]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|36%
|4,92,700
|4.99%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|68,197
|-
|6
|[[Balurghat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Balurghat]]
|
|[[Sukanta Majumdar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|46.47%
|5,74,996
|[[Biplab Mitra]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|45.63%
|5,64,610
|0.84%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|10,386
|-
|7
|[[Maldaha Uttar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Maldaha Uttar]]
|
|[[Khagen Murmu]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|37.18%
|5,27,023
|[[Prasun Banerjee]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|31.7%
|4,49,315
|5.48%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|77,708
|-
|8
|[[Maldaha Dakshin (Lok Sabha constituency)|Maldaha Dakshin]]
|
|[[Isha Khan Choudhury]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|41.79%
|5,72,395
|[[Sreerupa Mitra Chaudhury]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|32.42%
|4,44,027
|9.37%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress }} ; color:white;" |1,28,368
|-
|9
|[[Jangipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jangipur]]
|
|[[Khalilur Rahaman]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|39.75%
|5,44,427
|[[Murtoja Hossain Bokul]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|31.23%
|4,27,790
|8.52%
|style="background:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |1,16,637
|-
|10
|[[Berhampore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Baharampur]]
|
|[[Yusuf Pathan]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|37.88%
|5,24,516
|[[Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|31.74%
|4,39,494
|6.14%
|style="background:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |85,022
|-
|11
|[[Murshidabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Murshidabad]]
|
|[[Abu Taher Khan]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|44.27%
|6,82,442
|[[Mohammed Salim (politician)|Mohammed Salim]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|33.62%
|5,18,227
|10.65%
|style="background:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |1,64,215
|-
|12
|[[Krishnagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Krishnanagar]]
|
|[[Mahua Moitra]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|44.1%
|6,28,789
|Amrita Roy
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|40.13%
|5,72,084
|3.97%
|style="background:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |56,705
|-
|13
|[[Ranaghat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ranaghat]]
|SC
|[[Jagannath Sarkar (BJP politician)|Jagannath Sarkar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|50.78%
|7,82,396
|[[Mukut Mani Adhikari]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|38.65%
|5,95,497
|12.13%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|1,86,899
|-
|14
|[[Bangaon (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bangaon]]
|SC
|[[Shantanu Thakur]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|48.19%
|7,19,505
|[[Biswajit Das (politician)|Biswajit Das]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|43.25%
|6,45,812
|4.94%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|73,693
|-
|15
|[[Barrackpore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barrackpur]]
|
|[[Partha Bhowmick]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|45.56%
|5,20,231
|[[Arjun Singh (West Bengal politician)|Arjun Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|39.92%
|4,55,793
|5.64%
|style="background:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |64,438
|-
|16
|[[Dum Dum (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dum Dum]]
|
|[[Saugata Roy|Sougata Ray]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|41.95%
|5,28,579
|Silbhadra Datta
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|36.34%
|4,57,919
|5.61%
|style="background:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |70,660
|-
|17
|[[Barasat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barasat]]
|
|[[Kakoli Ghosh Dastidar]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|45.15%
|6,92,010
|[[Swapan Majumder]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|37.7%
|5,77,821
|7.45%
|style="background:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |1,14,189
|-
|18
|[[Basirhat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Basirhat]]
|
|[[Haji Nurul Islam|Sk Nurul Islam]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|52.76%
|8,03,762
|Rekha Patra
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|30.87%
|4,70,215
|21.89%
|style="background:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |3,33,547
|-
|19
|[[Jaynagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Joynagar]]
|SC
|[[Pratima Mondal]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|60.32%
|8,94,312
|Ashok Kandary
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|28.6%
|4,24,093
|31.72%
|style="background:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |4,70,219
|-
|20
|[[Mathurapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mathurapur]]
|SC
|[[Bapi Halder|Bapi Haldar]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|50.52%
|7,55,731
|Ashok Purkait
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|37.08%
|5,54,674
|13.44%
|style="background:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |2,01,057
|-
|21
|[[Diamond Harbour (Lok Sabha constituency)|Diamond Harbour]]
|
|[[Abhishek Banerjee (politician)|Abhishek Banerjee]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|68.48%
|10,48,230
|Abhijit Das (Bobby)
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|22.03%
|3,37,300
|46.45%
|style="background:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |7,10,930
|-
|22
|[[Jadavpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jadavpur]]
|
|[[Saayoni Ghosh|Sayani Ghosh]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|45.83%
|7,17,899
|Dr. Anirban Ganguly
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|29.35%
|4,59,698
|16.48%
|style="background:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |2,58,201
|-
|23
|[[Kolkata Dakshin (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kolkata Dakshin]]
|
|[[Mala Roy]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|49.48%
|6,15,274
|[[Debasree Chaudhuri]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|34.42%
|4,28,043
|15.06%
|style="background:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |1,87,231
|-
|24
|[[Kolkata Uttar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kolkata Uttar]]
|
|[[Sudip Bandyopadhyay]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|47.44%
|4,54,696
|[[Tapas Roy]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|37.78%
|3,62,136
|9.66%
|style="background:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |92,560
|-
|25
|[[Howrah (Lok Sabha constituency)|Howrah]]
|
|[[Prasun Banerjee]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|49.26%
|6,26,493
|[[Rathin Chakravarty]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|35.94%
|4,57,051
|13.32%
|style="background:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |1,69,442
|-
|26
|[[Uluberia (Lok Sabha constituency)|Uluberia]]
|
|[[Sajda Ahmed]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|52.1%
|7,24,622
|Arunuday Paulchowdhury
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|36.38%
|5,05,949
|15.72%
|style="background:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |2,18,673
|-
|27
|[[Serampore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Serampore]]
|
|[[Kalyan Banerjee (politician)|Kalyan Banerjee]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|45.65%
|6,73,970
|Kabir Shankar Bose
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|33.8%
|4,99,140
|11.85%
|style="background:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |1,74,830
|-
|28
|[[Hooghly (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hooghly]]
|
|[[Rachna Banerjee]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|46.31%
|7,02,744
|[[Locket Chatterjee]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|41.24%
|6,25,891
|5.07%
|style="background:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |76,853
|-
|29
|[[Arambagh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arambagh]]
|SC
|[[Mitali Bag]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|45.71%
|7,12,587
|Arup Kanti Digar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|45.3%
|7,06,188
|0.41%
|style="background:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |6399
|-
|30
|[[Tamluk (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tamluk]]
|
|[[Abhijit Gangopadhyay]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|48.54%
|7,65,584
|Debangshu Bhattacharya
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|43.61%
|6,87,851
|4.93%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|77,733
|-
|31
|[[Contai (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kanthi]]
|
|[[Soumendu Adhikari]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|49.85%
|7,63,195
|Uttam Barik
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|46.73%
|7,15,431
|3.12%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|47,764
|-
|32
|[[Ghatal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ghatal]]
|
|[[Dev (Bengali actor)|Deepak Adhikari (Dev)]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|52.36%
|8,37,990
|[[Hiran Chatterjee|Hiranmoy Chattopadhyaya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|40.93%
|6,55,122
|11.43%
|style="background:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |1,82,868
|-
|33
|[[Jhargram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhargram]]
|ST
|[[Kherwal Soren|Kalipada Saren]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|49.87%
|7,43,478
|Dr. Pranat Tudu
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|38.2%
|5,69,430
|11.67%
|style="background:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |1,74,048
|-
|34
|[[Midnapore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Medinipur]]
|
|[[June Malia]]h
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|47.4%
|7,02,192
|[[Agnimitra Paul]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|45.56%
|6,75,001
|1.84%
|style="background:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |27,191
|-
|35
|[[Purulia (Lok Sabha constituency)|Purulia]]
|
|[[Jyotirmay Singh Mahato]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|40.34%
|5,78,489
|[[Santiram Mahato|Shantiram Mahato]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|39.15%
|5,61,410
|1.19%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|17,079
|-
|36
|[[Bankura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bankura]]
|
|[[Arup Chakraborty (politician)|Arup Chakraborty]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|44.33%
|6,41,813
|[[Subhas Sarkar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|42.07%
|6,09,035
|2.26%
|style="background:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |32,778
|-
|37
|[[Vishnupur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bishnupur]]
|SC
|[[Saumitra Khan]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|44.93%
|6,80,130
|[[Sujata Mondal]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|44.56%
|6,74,563
|0.37%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|5567
|-
|38
|[[Bardhaman Purba (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bardhaman Purba]]
|SC
|[[Sharmila Sarkar]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|48.11%
|7,20,302
|[[Ashim Kumar Sarkar|Asim Kumar Sarkar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|37.38%
|5,59,730
|10.73%
|style="background:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |1,60,572
|-
|39
|[[Bardhaman-Durgapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bardhaman-Durgapur]]
|
|[[Kirti Azad|Kirti Azad Jha]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|47.99%
|7,20,667
|[[Dilip Ghosh (politician)|Dilip Ghosh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|38.8%
|5,82,686
|9.19%
|style="background:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |1,37,981
|-
|40
|[[Asansol (Lok Sabha constituency)|Asansol]]
|
|[[Shatrughan Sinha|Shatrughan Prasad Sinha]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|46.53%
|6,05,645
|[[S. S. Ahluwalia|Surendrajeet Singh Ahluwalia]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|41.96%
|5,46,081
|4.57%
|style="background:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |59,564
|-
|41
|[[Bolpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bolpur]]
|SC
|[[Asit Kumar Mal]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|55.98%
|8,55,633
|[[Piya Saha]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|34.57%
|5,28,380
|21.41%
|style="background:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |3,27,253
|-
|42
|[[Birbhum (Lok Sabha constituency)|Birbhum]]
|
|[[Satabdi Roy]]
|{{Party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|47%
|7,17,961
|[[Debtanu Bhattacharya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|34.06%
|5,20,311
|12.94%
|style="background:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |1,97,650
|-
|}
'''Sources:'''<ref>{{cite web |title= Election Commission of India |url= https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/index.htm |access-date= 5 June 2024}}</ref><ref>https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2024-india-election/</ref>

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian general election, 2024}}
{{Indian elections}}

[[Category:2024 Indian general election]]
[[Category:Results of general elections in India]]

Kachua, West Bengal

2026-04-26T12:39:16Z

Shailendra: added a post added tags

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kachua
| other_name = Kachua Swarupnagar
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = Kachua Lokenath Mission.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Streets of Kachua, near the Kachua Lokenath Mission
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.681261|N|88.725222|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[District]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Community development block|Block]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[North 24 parganas]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Basirhat II]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 8,383
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 743424
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 03217
| registration_plate = WB26
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Basirhat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Basirhat]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Basirhat Uttar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Basirhat Uttar]]
| website = {{URL|north24parganas.nic.in/}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-WB]]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Kachua''' (also known as '''Kachua Swarupnagar''') is a village and a [[gram panchayat]] in [[Basirhat II]] CD Block in [[Basirhat subdivision]] of [[North 24 Parganas district]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]].<ref name="haripadaji">{{Cite book|last=Bhowmick|first=Haripada|title=ত্রিকালদর্শী মহাপুরুষ শ্রী শ্রী লোকনাথ ব্রহ্মচারীর জন্মস্থান প্রসঙ্গে|publisher=Lokenath Mission, Kachua|year=1983|pages=3}}</ref><ref name="Local Body Data: Kachua">{{cite web|title=The Kolkata Gazette|url=https://prd.wb.gov.in/services/resources/orders/SAR_545_Panchayat%20&%20Rural%20Devp_638263935741786499.%20Deptt._No.%201486-DP%20(GP)_North%2024%20Parganas.pdf|access-date=26 April 2026}}</ref><ref name="ABP News">{{cite web|title=ABP News|url=https://news.abplive.com/pincode/west-bengal/north-24-parganas/kachua-swarupnagar-pincode-743293.html|access-date=18 August 2023}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web|title=Government of India (GOI) AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN IN PARTS OF NORTH 24 PARGANAS, SOUTH 24 PARGANAS & HOWRAH DISTRICTS, WEST BENGAL|url=http://cgwb.gov.in/AQM/NAQUIM_REPORT/WEST-BENGAL/24%20Parganas-west%20bengal.pdf|access-date=18 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=India Growing|url=https://www.indiagrowing.com/West_Bengal/North_24_Parganas/Barasat_II/Kachua|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818141504/https://www.indiagrowing.com/West_Bengal/North_24_Parganas/Barasat_II/Kachua|url-status=usurped|archive-date=18 August 2023|access-date=18 August 2023}}</ref><ref name="Soki India">{{cite web|title=Soki India|url=https://soki.in/kachua-basirhat-ii-24-paraganas-north|access-date=18 August 2023|archive-date=18 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818144812/https://soki.in/kachua-basirhat-ii-24-paraganas-north|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Geography==
===Location===
Kachua is located 30 km from the state capital city [[Kolkata]].<ref>{{cite web|title=West Bengal: 4 killed and 21 injured in stampede-like situation near Kachua temple |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/west-bengal-4-killed-and-21-injured-in-stampede-like-situation-near-kachua-temple/articleshow/70801399.cms|website=Times of India|access-date=18 August 2023}}</ref> It is located in the Basirhat II Block in [[North 24 Parganas district|North 24 Parganas]] district in the state of [[West Bengal]], India.<ref name="Soki India"/> The surrounding nearby villages and its distance from Kachua are Dhanyakuria 2.4 km, Kholapota 8.6 km.

===Area overview===
According to land area calculations, the Kachua village is approximately 84.5 [[hectare]]s large. Since Kachua falls under the block of Basirhat II as graded by Ministry of Jal Shakti in 2021, it does not have a water supply scheme.<ref name="auto"/> According to the same report, a number of water sources in the village are contaminated by [[arsenic]], and should be analysed before use and [[crop]]s with low water requirement can be grown in the area.

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Kachua Swarupnagar had a total population of 8,383, of which 4,300 were males and 4,083 were females.<ref name="auto"/>

==Civic administration==
When it comes to administration, Kachua village is administrated by a [[sarpanch]] who is elected representative of the village by the local elections.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|title=Census 2011 India|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/319450-kachua-west-bengal.html|access-date=18 August 2023}}</ref> The sarpanch of Kachua is Najmin Ferdausi.<ref name="Local Body Data: Kachua"/> Kachua falls under the State Legislative Assembly of [[Basirhat Uttar Constituency]] headed by [[Rafikul Islam Mondal]] and under the [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha Constituency]] of [[Basirhat Lok Sabha constituency|Basirhat]] headed by [[Trinamool Congress|TMC]] Member of Parliament [[Nusrat Jahan]].

==Religious significance and controversy==
Kachua is often referred to as 'Kachuadham' and is considered the birthplace of the [[Hindus|Hindu]] [[Yogi]] [[Lokenath Brahmachari]].<ref name="kachualink">{{Cite book|last=Basak|first=Tushar Kanti|title=কচুয়া: লোকনাথ-গঙ্গার ত্রিবেনী সঙ্গম|publisher=Lokenath Mission, Kachua|year=2023|pages=6|url = https://archive.org/details/kachua-lokenath-gangar-tribeni-sangam}}</ref><ref name="prem">{{Cite book|last=Das|first=Jitavati |title=Visuddha Prema|publisher=Notion Press|year=2023|isbn=9798888839744}}</ref><ref name="banik">{{Cite book|last=Banik|first=Shri Haribhakta|title=বারদীর গোঁসাই: শ্রীশ্রী লোকনাথ ব্রহ্মচারী|publisher=Shri Shital Chandra Pal|year=2013|pages=18}}</ref><ref name="tomo">{{Cite book|last=Bhowmick|first=Bishnupada|title=প্রাণের ঠাকুর বাবা লোকনাথের মহাপ্রয়াণ শ্বরোণে - শ্রদ্ধাঞ্জলি ১২১তম তিরোধন দিবস|publisher=স্বামীবাগ রোড Branch|year=2011|pages=30}}</ref><ref name="haripadaji"/> It also consists of the temple compound around the birthplace, a holy pond and the Lokenath Mission - that is responsible for the administration of the temple grounds. Besides the Lokenath Temple, it even has a temple dedicated to [[Krishna]] and Radha Gobinda.

On 23 August 2019, on the eve of [[Krishna Janmashtami|Janmashtami]] event, an accident happened, where an old wall broke off leading to a [[stampede]], on devotees of Lokenath Brahmachari, and led to the injury of 16 people.<ref>{{cite web|title=কচুয়ার লোকনাথধাম মন্দিরে দুর্ঘটনা, পদপিষ্ট হয়ে আহত অন্তত ১৬ জন|url=https://bengali.abplive.com/video/tv-show/district/north-24-parganas/stampede-in-loknath-temple-kachua-16-injured-610107|website=ABP Ananda (Bengali)|access-date=18 August 2023|language=bn}}</ref> According to many reports, three people lost their lives in this incident too.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hindustan Times - Three die in stampede near Bengal temple|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/three-die-in-stampede-near-bengal-temple/story-9k43zXF013noq8QsLboAyO.html|access-date=18 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Week - Three killed, 25 injured in stampede near Loknath Dham temple in West Bengal|website=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]] |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2019/08/23/Three-killed-25-injured-in-stampede-near-Loknath-Dham-temple-in-West-Bengal.html|access-date=18 August 2023}}</ref> According to a "The Indian Express" article, 5 people lost their lives that day.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Indian Express - Janmashtami: 5 dead in Bengal temple|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/north-24-parganas-temple-stampede-death-janmashtami-celebrations-death-toll-5932525/|access-date=18 August 2023}}</ref>

==Further reading==
* {{cite web |url= https://www.patrika.com/kolkata-news/loknath-temple-accident-what-happened-that-changed-the-atmosphere-5004834/ |title= लोकनाथ मंदिर हादसा: क्या हुआ ऐसा जो चंद मिनटों में उत्साह का माहौल मातम में बदल गया |author=Ashutosh Kumar Singh |date= 2019|website= Patrika |publisher=Patrika Group |access-date= 18 August 2023}}
* {{cite web |url= https://egramswaraj.gov.in/geotaggedforgpdp.do?planunttypcd=3&gpcode=107850 |title= Kachua: GeoTagged Asset Report 2023 |author= |date= 18 August 2023|website= eGram Swaraj |publisher=Ministry of Panchayati Raj (MoPR) |access-date= 18 August 2023}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in North 24 Parganas district]]

1954 elections in India

2026-04-22T19:34:53Z

Shailendra: updated section also and corrected details for accuracy

{{Short description|none}} 
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = Elections in India
| country = India
| previous_election = 1951-52 elections in India
| previous_year = 1951-52
| election_date = 1954
| next_election = 1955 elections in India
| next_year = 1955
}}
{{Politics of India}}
The '''1954 elections in India''' consists of several elections, including the presidential election and Legislative Assembly elections.

==Presidential election==

The Election Commission of India held the second [[President of India|presidential elections of India]] on May 6, 1954. [[Rajendra Prasad|Dr. Rajendra Prasad]] won his re-election with 459,698 votes over his nearest rival Chowdhry Hari Ram.

==Legislative Assembly elections==
[[Legislative Assembly elections in India]] were conducted for [[PEPSU Legislative Assembly|Patiala & East Punjab States Union legislative assembly]] and [[Travancore-Cochin]] legislative assembly in 1954. In Patiala & East Punjab States Union, Indian National Congress won an absolute majority.<ref name="PEPSUECI1954"/> While in Travancore-Cochin, no single party got the majority.<ref name="TCECI1954"/>

===Patiala & East Punjab States Union*===
{{Main|1954 Patiala and East Punjab States Union Legislative Assembly election}}
{{#section:1954 Patiala and East Punjab States Union Legislative Assembly election|Results}}
* : On 1 November 1956, under [[States Reorganisation Act, 1956]], Patiala & East Punjab States Union was merged with [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]].<ref name="1955ReorgStates">{{cite web | url=http://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1955_7/42/reorganisation_of_statesthe_approach_and_arrangements.pdf | title=Reorganisation of States, 1955 | publisher=The Economic Weekly | date=October 15, 1955 | access-date=July 25, 2015}}</ref>

===Travancore-Cochin*===
{{Main|1954 Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly election}}
{{#section:1954 Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly election|Results}}
* : In 1956, under [[States Reorganisation Act, 1956]], [[Travancore-Cochin]] state was merged with the [[Malabar district]] of Madras State, [[Kasaragod]] taluk of the [[South Canara]] district and the Amindive Islands to form a new state [[Kerala]]. The southern part of [[Travancore-Cochin]], [[Kanyakumari district]] was transferred to [[Madras State]].<ref name="1955ReorgStates"/>

==See also==
* [[1951–52 elections in India]]
* [[1955 elections in India]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
*[http://eci.nic.in Election Commission of India]

{{Indian elections}}
{{Legislatures of India}}

[[Category:1954 elections in India]]
[[Category:1954 elections in Asia|India]]
[[Category:1954 in India]]
[[Category:Elections in India by year]]

Bhitarwar Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:24:30Z

Shailendra: put up details...

{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bhitarwar
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 18
| map_image = 18-Bhitarwar.svg
| preceded_by = [[Lakhan Singh Yadav]]
| mla = [[Mohan Singh Rathore]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| district = [[Gwalior district|Gwalior]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Gwalior Lok Sabha constituency|Gwalior]]
| established = 2008
| reservation = None
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
}}

'''Bhitarwar Assembly constituency''' is one of the 230 [[Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in central [[India]].<ref name=eci1>{{cite web|url=http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/DACList.aspx|title=District/Assembly List|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Madhya Pradesh website|access-date=4 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151201083311/http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/(S(4ftawu55w1soru45gswzuz55))/DACList.aspx|archive-date=1 December 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> This constituency came into existence in 2008, following the delimitation of the assembly constituencies. This constituency covers parts of the erstwhile [[Gird Assembly constituency|Gird]] and [[Dabra Assembly constituency|Dabra]] constituencies.

==Overview==
Bhitarwar (constituency number 18) is one of the 6 Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in [[Gwalior district]]. This constituency covers the entire Bhitarwar [[tehsil]] and part of Gwalior tehsil of the district.<ref name="ceo">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|pages=227, 250}}</ref>

Bhitarwar is part of [[Gwalior (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gwalior Lok Sabha constituency]] along with seven other Vidhan Sabha segments, namely, [[Gwalior Assembly constituency|Gwalior]], [[Gwalior East Assembly constituency|Gwalior East]], [[Gwalior South Assembly constituency|Gwalior South]], [[Gwalior Rural Assembly constituency|Gwalior Rural]] and [[Dabra Assembly constituency|Dabra]] in this district and [[Karera Assembly constituency|Karera]] and [[Pohari Assembly constituency|Pohari]] in [[Shivpuri district]].<ref name="ceo"/>

==Members of Legislative Assembly==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+[[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
!Year
!Name<ref name="election2018">{{cite web|title=(Madhya Pradesh) Assembly Constituency Elections|url=http://www.elections.in/madhya-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/bhitarwar.html|website=elections.in|access-date=23 May 2018}}</ref>
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|colspan=4 |''Established in 2008''
|-
| [[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Lakhan Singh Yadav]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|-
| [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|-
|[[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|[[Mohan Singh Rathore]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Bhitarwar<ref name="election2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/madhya-pradesh-assembly-polls-2023/story/madhya-pradesh-election-bjp-second-candidate-list-shivraj-singh-chouhan-2440421-2023-09-25|title=3 Union ministers feature in BJP's second list for Madhya Pradesh polls|work=India Today|accessdate=25 September 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Mohan Singh Rathore]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:97000}}
|percentage = 53.05
|change = +18.26
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Lakhan Singh Yadav]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:74646}}
|percentage = 40.82
|change = -1.75
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Kalicharan (Pappu Gurjar)
|votes = {{formatnum:3792}}
|percentage = 2.07
|change = -9.93
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1032}}
|percentage = 0.56
|change = -0.29
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:22354}}
|percentage = 12.23
|change = +4.45
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:182852}}
|percentage = 75.26
|change = +3.8
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = BJP
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Bhitarwar<ref name="election2018"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Lakhan Singh Yadav]]
|votes = {{formatnum:66439}}
|percentage = 42.57
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Anoop Mishra]]
|votes = {{formatnum:54309}}
|percentage = 34.79
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Vishvjit Beenu Patel
|votes = {{formatnum:18728}}
|percentage = 12.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Raghvendra Singh Tomar
|votes = {{formatnum:9154}}
|percentage = 5.86
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1325}}
|percentage = 0.85
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:12130}}
|percentage = 7.78
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:156087}}
|percentage = 71.46
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2013===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|M. P. Legislative Assembly Election, 2013]]: Bhitarwar }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|
|candidate = [[Lakhan Singh Yadav]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 40578
|percentage = 28.89
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = [[Anoop Mishra]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 34030
|percentage = 24.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Ram Niwas Singh Gurjar
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 24556
|percentage = 17.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|
|candidate = Jawahar Singh Rawat
|party = BA S D
|votes = 17000
|percentage = 12.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|
|candidate = Brijendra Tiwari
|party = RSMD
|votes = 14578
|percentage = 10.38
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Sitav Kha
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 1272
|percentage = 0.91
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 983
|percentage = 0.70
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|
|votes = 140470
|percentage = 70.02
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Bhitarwar]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{coords|25.79|78.12|display=title}}

[[Category:Gwalior district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Govindpura Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T08:37:57Z

Shailendra: created first stub first draft.

{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Govindpura
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 154
| map_image = 154-Govindpura.svg
| mla = [[Krishna Gaur]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = [[Babulal Gaur]]
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| district = [[Bhopal district|Bhopal]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bhopal Lok Sabha constituency|Bhopal]]
| established = 1967
| reservation = None
}}

'''Govindpura Assembly constituency''' is one of the 230 assembly constituencies of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. It comes under [[Bhopal]] district.

The seat was held by former Chief Minister [[Babulal Gaur]] for 8 terms and is a BJP bastion. His son [[Krishna Gaur]] is the current MLA.

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Election
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| [[K. N. Pradhan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| Mohanlal Asthana
|-
| [[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| [[Laxminarayan Sharma]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]|| rowspan="8" |[[Babulal Gaur]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=10}}
|-
| [[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
| [[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|-
| [[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|-
| [[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
| [[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|-
| [[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|-
| [[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|-
| [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Krishna Gaur]]
|-
| [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|}

== Election results ==

=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Govindpura<ref name="Govindpura Assembly Election Results 2023" name="Govindpura Assembly Election Results 2023-1">{{cite news |title=Govindpura Assembly Election Results 2023 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/madhya-pradesh/constituency-show/govindpura |access-date=27 February 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=3 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250227073221/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/madhya-pradesh/constituency-show/govindpura |archive-date=27 February 2025}}</ref><ref name="Govindpura Assembly Election Results 2023" name="Govindpura Assembly Election Results 2023-2">{{cite news |title=Govindpura Assembly Election Results 2023 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/madhya-pradesh/constituency-show/govindpura |access-date=27 February 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=3 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250227073221/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/madhya-pradesh/constituency-show/govindpura |archive-date=27 February 2025}}</ref><ref name="Govindpura Assembly Election Results 2023">{{cite news |title=Govindpura Assembly Election Results 2023 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/madhya-pradesh/constituency-show/govindpura |access-date=27 February 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=3 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250227073221/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/madhya-pradesh/constituency-show/govindpura |archive-date=27 February 2025}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Krishna Gaur]]
|votes = {{formatnum:173159}}
|percentage = 68.96
|change = +10.96
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Ravindra Sahu
|votes = {{formatnum:66491}}
|percentage = 26.48
|change = -10.09
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Sajjan Singh Parmar
|votes = {{formatnum:3602}}
|percentage = 1.43
|change = +0.97
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Uma Devi
|votes = {{formatnum:2552}}
|percentage = 1.02
|change = -0.56
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2561}}
|percentage = 1.02
|change = +0.08
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:106668}}
|percentage = 42.48
|change = +21.05
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:251118}}
|percentage = 63.79
|change = +2.89
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Govindpura<ref name="election2018">{{cite web |title=Madhya Pradesh General Legislative Election 2018 Statistical Report|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Krishna Gaur]]
|votes = {{formatnum:125487}}
|percentage = 58.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Girish Sharma
|votes = {{formatnum:79128}}
|percentage = 36.57
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Babulal Valmiki
|votes = {{formatnum:3414}}
|percentage = 1.58
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2043}}
|percentage = 0.94
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:46359}}
|percentage = 21.43
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:216345}}
|percentage = 60.9
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2013 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Govindpura}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Babulal Gaur]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 1,16,586
|percentage = 64.34
|change =
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Govind Goyal
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 45,942
|percentage = 25.35
|change =
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Sanjay Saxena
|party = Shiv Sena
|votes = 8,466
|percentage = 4.67
|change =
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Rampal Dhosale
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 3,517
|percentage = 1.94
|change =
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Dwarka Prasad Sen
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 404
|percentage = 0.22
|change =
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = None of the Above
|party = None of the above
|votes = 4,011
|percentage = 2.21
|change =
}}{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 70,644
|percentage = 38.99
|change =
}}{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,81,201
|percentage = 61.00
|change =
}}{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
* http://eci.nic.in/archive/se98/pollupd/ac/states/S12/Aconst238.htm
* http://wap.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/babulal-gaur-wins-from-govindpura-for-the-tenth-time-in-a-row-113120800794_1.html
* https://mpelectionresult.com/govindpura-vidhan-sabha-chunav-2018/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122051739/https://mpelectionresult.com/govindpura-vidhan-sabha-chunav-2018/ |date=2018-11-22 }}

{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{Coords|23.249|77.441|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Bhopal district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]

Sufi lodge

2026-04-18T08:56:55Z

Shailendra:

{{Short description|Building for gatherings of a Sufi brotherhood}}
{{Redirect|Khanaqah}}
{{Redirect|Takya}}
A '''Sufi lodge'''{{efn|Sometimes also called ''Sufi monastery'' or ''Sufi convent''.}} is a building designed specifically for gatherings of a [[Sufism|Sufi brotherhood]] or ''[[tariqa]]'' and is a place for spiritual practice and religious education.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Berkey |first=Jonathan Porter |title=The formation of Islam : religion and society in the Near East, 600-1800 |date=2003 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-58214-8 |location=New York |oclc=50476676}}</ref> They include structures also known as '''''khānaqāh''''', '''''zāwiya''''', '''''ribāṭ''''', '''''dargāh''''' and '''''takya''''' depending on the region, language and period (see {{Section link||Terminology}}).<ref name=":7">{{EI2|volume=4|article=K̲h̲ānḳāh|pages=1025–1026|last=Chabbi|first=J.}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> In [[Shia Islam]], the [[Husayniyya]] has a similar function.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Campo |first=Juan Eduardo |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA320 |title=Encyclopedia of Islam |date=2009 |publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn=978-1-4381-2696-8 |pages=320 |language=en |chapter=Husayniyya}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=الكرباسي |first=محمد صادق محمد |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X46ODwAAQBAJ&pg=PT220 |title=معجم المشاريع الحسينيّة - الجزء الثالث: دائرة المعارف الحسينية |date=2019-01-31 |publisher=Hussaini Centre for Research, London. |isbn=978-1-78403-031-5 |language=ar}}</ref>

The Sufi lodge is typically a large structure with a central hall and smaller rooms on either side.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last1=Böwering |first1=Gerhard |last2=Melvin-Koushki |first2=Matthew |date=2010 |title=Khanqah |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/kanaqah |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=Encyclopaedia Iranica |language=en-US}}</ref> Traditionally, the Sufi lodge was state-sponsored housing for Sufis.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Hofer |first=Nathan |title=The popularisation of Sufism in Ayyubid and Mamluk Egypt, 1173-1325 |date=2015 |isbn=978-0-7486-9422-8 |location=Edinburgh |oclc=919188147}}</ref> Their primary function is to provide them with a space to practice social lives of [[asceticism]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Nizami |first=Khaliq Ahmad |date=1957 |title=Some Aspects of Khanqah Life in Medieval India |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1595247 |journal=Studia Islamica |issue=8 |pages=51–69 |doi=10.2307/1595247|jstor=1595247 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Buildings intended for public services, such as hospitals, kitchens, and lodging, are often attached to them.<ref name=":1" /> Sufi lodges were funded by Ayyubid sultans in Syria, Zangid sultans in Egypt, and Delhi sultans in India in return for Sufi support of their governments.<ref name=":5">{{Citation |last=Hussain |first=Pirzada Athar |title=Sufism and the Khanqah of Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah in Shahdara Sharief: An Ethnographic Fathom |date=2021 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1598-6_3 |work=Understanding Culture and Society in India: A Study of Sufis, Saints and Deities in Jammu Region |pages=33–58 |editor-last=Chauhan |editor-first=Abha |place=Singapore |publisher=Springer |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-981-16-1598-6_3 |isbn=978-981-16-1598-6 |s2cid=238049797 |access-date=2022-12-05|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last=Irfan |first=Lubna |title=Medieval Indian Madrasas |date=2018 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26906255 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=79 |pages=260–269 |jstor=26906255 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref>

==Terminology==
{{Sufism}}
Sufi lodges were called by various names depending on period, location and language: mostly, ''khānaqāh'', ''zāwiya'', ''ribāṭ'', ''dargāh'' and ''takya''.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" />

The word ''khānaqāh'' ({{langx|fa|label=[[Classical Persian]]|[[wikt:خانگاه|خانَگاه]]|translit=xānagāh}} or {{langx|fa|label=none|[[wikt:خانقاه|خانَقاه]]|translit=xānaqāh}}; {{langx|ar|[[wikt:خانقاه|خَانَقَاه]]|translit=khānaqāh}}; {{langx|az|[[wikt:xanəqah|xanəqah]]}};{{citation needed |date=August 2024}} {{langx|ota|[[wikt:خانقاه|خانَقاه]]|translit=hanekâh}};<ref name="Redhouse, p. 827">{{cite book|last=Redhouse|first=James W.|authorlink=James Redhouse|year=1890|entry=خانقاه|title=A Turkish and English Lexicon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w_FAAQAAMAAJ|location=Constantinople|publisher=A. H. Boyajian|page=827}}</ref> {{langx|ur|[[wikt:خانقاہ|خانَقاہ]]|translit=khānaqāh}};<ref>{{cite book|last=Platts|first=John T.|authorlink=John Thompson Platts|year=1884|entry=خانقاه|title=A Dictionary of Urdu, Classical Hindi, and English|location=London|publisher=W. H. Allen & Co.|page=486|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/platts_query.py?qs=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%87&searchhws=yes&matchtype=exact}}</ref> {{langx|uz|[[wikt:xonaqoh|xonaqoh]]}}{{citation needed |date=August 2024}}) is likely either Turkish or Persian in origin.<ref name=":1" />

The words ''zāwiya'' ({{langx|ar|زَاوِيَة}}; plural {{langx|ar|label=none|زَوَايَا|translit=zawāyā}}) and ''ribāṭ'' ({{langx|ar|رِبَاط}}; plural: {{langx|ar|label=none|رُبُط|translit=rubuṭ}}) were especially used in the [[Maghreb]].<ref name=":3" /> The literal meaning of ''zāwiya'' is 'corner', while ''ribāṭ'' means 'frontier guardpost'.{{citation needed |date=August 2024}}

The [[Classical Persian]] word {{lang|fa|[[wikt:درگاه|دَرگاه]]}} {{Transliteration|fa|dargāh}} means 'doorway; shrine'.{{citation needed |date=August 2024}}

The [[Classical Persian]] word {{lang|fa|[[wikt:تکیه|تَکْیه]]}} {{translit|fa|takya}} (whence modern {{langx|fa|label=[[Iranian Persian]]|[[wikt:تکیه|تَکْیه]]|translit=takye}};<ref>{{cite book|entry=تکیه|title=New Persian-English Dictionary|author=Hayyim, Sulayman|authorlink=Sulayman Hayyim|volume=1|page=469|location=Teheran|publisher=Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim|year=1934|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/hayyim_query.py?qs=تکیه&searchhws=yes&matchtype=exact}}</ref> {{langx|az|[[wikt:təkyə|təkyə]]}};<ref>{{cite book|entry=təkyə|language=az|title=Azərbaycan dilinin izahlı lüğəti|url=https://obastan.com/təkyə/39206/}}</ref> {{langx|pnb|label=[[Panjabi language|Panjabi]]|تَکْیہ|translit=takya}};<ref name="Vaḍḍī Panjābī lughat">{{cite book|author=Salah-ud-Din, Iqbal|entry=تکیہ|title=Vaḍḍī Panjābī lughat: Panjābī tūn Panjābī|location=Lāhaur|publisher=ʻAzīz Pablisharz|year=2002|page=790|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/salah-ud-din_query.py?qs=تکیہ&searchhws=yes&matchtype=exact}}</ref> {{langx|ur|تَکْیہ|translit=takya}};<ref>{{cite book|last=Platts|first=John T.|authorlink=John Thompson Platts|location=London|publisher=W. H. Allen & Co.|year=1884|title=A Dictionary of Urdu, Classical Hindi and English|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/platts_query.py?qs=تکيه&searchhws=yes&matchtype=exact|page=332}}</ref> {{langx|uz|[[wikt:takya|takya]]}}) at its core meant "support"; also "cushion" or "pillow".<ref name="Steingass">{{cite book|last=Steingass|first=Francis Joseph|authorlink=Francis Joseph Steingass|title=A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary, including the Arabic words and phrases to be met with in Persian literature|location=London|publisher=Routledge & K. Paul|year=1892|page=319|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/steingass_query.py?qs=%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87&searchhws=yes&matchtype=exact}}</ref>{{efn|Other words were derived from {{lang|fa|تَکْیه}} {{translit|fa|takya}} in Classical Persian, such as {{lang|fa|تکیه‌نشین}} {{Transliteration|fa|takya-nishīn}} and {{lang|fa|تکیه‌دار}} {{Transliteration|fa|takya-dār}} both meaning a Sufi.}} The word was also borrowed in [[Ottoman Turkish]] as {{lang|ota|تَكْیه}} {{translit|ota|tekye}}<ref name="Redhouse">{{cite book |last=Redhouse |first=James W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w_FAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA585 |title=A Turkish and English Lexicon |publisher=A. H. Boyajian |year=1890 |location=Constantinople |page=585 |entry=تكیه |authorlink=James Redhouse}}</ref> (modern {{langx|tr|tekke|links=y}}), eventually making its way into [[Arabic]] as {{lang|ar|تَكِيَّة}} {{translit|ar|takiyya}} (plural {{lang|ar|تَكَايَا}} {{translit|ar|takāyā}}) and in [[languages of the Balkans]] ({{langx|sq|teqeja}}; {{langx|bs|tekija}}).{{citation needed |date=August 2024}}

== Function ==
[[File:Egyptian Takiyya at Mecca2.jpg|thumb|Egyptian Sufi lodge at [[Mekka]], Saudi Arabia in 1928.]]
[[File:King Farouk & Prince Faisal at Egyptian Takiyya at Madina 1945.jpg|alt=King Farouk & Prince Faisal at Egyptian Tekkiyah at Madina 1945|thumb|King [[Farouk of Egypt|Farouk]] and Prince [[Faisal of Saudi Arabia|Faisal]] at the Egyptian Sufi lodge at [[Medina]], Saudi Arabia in 1945.]]
The patronage of Sufi lodges historically made an important political and cultural statement. The patronage of a Sufi building by a ruler showed their support for Sufi religious practices and the spreading of Islam.<ref name=":3">{{Citation |last=EPHRAT |first=DAPHNA |title=THE DEVELOPMENT AND SPATIAL LAYOUT OF PHYSICAL SETTINGS |date=2021 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv22d4z9m.11 |work=Sufi Masters and the Creation of Saintly Spheres in Medieval Syria |pages=83–100 |publisher=Arc Humanities Press |jstor=j.ctv22d4z9m.11 |isbn=978-1-64189-208-7 |access-date=2022-12-05}}</ref> Funding a Sufi building was seen as an act of piety and a way in which the ruler could align themselves with public opinion.<ref name=":3" />

Sufi lodges are often associated with tombs of [[Sufi saint]]s or ''[[Sheikh (Sufism)|shaykh]]''s.<ref name=":2" /> Typically, they feature a large hall where practitioners could pray and meditate.<ref name=":2" /> They also include lodgings for traveling Sufis and pilgrims.<ref name=":1" />[[File:Haruniyeh.JPG|thumb|right|The Haruniyeh Tomb, named after [[Harun al-Rashid]], in [[Tus, Iran|Tus]], Iran. The present structure, a ''khānaqāh'', was probably built in the 13th century. [[Al-Ghazali]] is buried here.]] In addition to their religious spaces, Sufi lodges also had structures for public services.<ref name=":2" /> This included hospitals, kitchens, bathhouses, and schools.<ref name=":2" /> Everyone working to provide these services was paid through a ''[[waqf]]''.<ref name=":2" />

Sufi lodges have been very inclusive.<ref name=":3" /> Visitors from different cultures and religions could visit them and receive a blessing.<ref name=":3" />

Traditionally, Sufi communal lives of asceticism were seen as pious because solitude and self-sufficiency were believed to lead to ego-centricity.<ref name=":1" /> Penitence and suffering were intended to bring Sufis closer to understanding divinity.<ref name=":1" />

==History==

===Zangid Syria===
[[Nur ad-Din Zangi]] was the first large patron of Sufi structures; he built and gifted ''khānaqāh''s to Sufi groups in his dominion.<ref name=":3" /> In [[Damascus]], ''khānaqāh''s were located inside as well as outside of the city walls.<ref name=":3" /> Under the Zangids, ''khānaqāh''s were very centrally located in [[Old Damascus]], near the [[Umayyad Mosque]].<ref name=":3" /> Khanaqahs were commonly placed near a ''madrasa'' dedicated to the same patron as the ''khānaqāh''.<ref name=":3" /> The main purpose of the ''khānaqāh'' was for legal education.<ref name=":3" /> Most, including Nur ad-Din's ''khānaqāh'', included hospices.<ref name=":3" /> However, there was a deep interconnection between education and religion in Sufi buildings, by the end of the Mamluk period the distinction between religious and educational buildings became blurred.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kugle |first=Scott Alan |title=Hajj to the heart : Sufi journeys across the Indian Ocean |date=2021 |isbn=978-1-4696-6532-0 |location=Chapel Hill |oclc=1303712460}}</ref>

===Ayyubid and Mamluk Egypt===
[[Saladin]] founded the first ''khānaqāh'' in [[Cairo]], Egypt in 1173.<ref name=":0" /> This officially marked his defeat of the [[Fatimids]], who were largely [[Shi'ite]], and the beginning of the [[Ayyubid dynasty|Ayyubid]] period of [[Sunnism]].<ref name=":0" /> In 1325, the [[Mamluk]] sultan [[Al-Nasir Muhammad|al-Nāṣir Muḥammad]] relocated the ''khānaqāh'' north of the city.<ref name=":0" /> Saladin changed the Sa'id al-Su'ada, a Fatimid palace, into a Sufi ''khānaqāh'' called al-Khānaqāh al-Ṣalāḥiyya (not to be confused with the [[Al-Khanqah al-Salahiyya Mosque]] in Jerusalem).<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Hofer |first=Nathan |date=2014-08-20 |title=The Origins and Development of the Office of the "Chief Sufi" in Egypt, 1173–1325 |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/jss/3/1/article-p1_1.xml |journal=Journal of Sufi Studies |language=en |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=1–37 |doi=10.1163/22105956-12341260 |s2cid=110058093 |issn=2210-5948|url-access=subscription }}</ref> This ''khānaqāh'' provided a place to stay for Sufis who were not from Cairo.<ref name=":4" /> It was provided by Saladin based on the exchange of Sufis supporting the Ayyubid dynasty and policies.<ref name=":4" />

Saladin also created the role of the Chief Sufi, whose job was to operate activities from day to day and mentor the Sufis that lived in and visited the ''khānaqāh''.<ref name=":4" /> There was a lot of competition for this role due to its great degree of influence.<ref name=":4" /> The Chief Sufi maintained a close relationship with the Ayyubid Sultan, obtained military power and influence, and had the ability to teach at the ''madrasa''s in the area.<ref name=":4" /> The Sultan gave a large degree of power to the Sufis in Cairo as part of an important trade off for political support which was incredibly important in solidifying the legitimacy of the Sultan's rule.<ref name=":4" /> Scholars in the Mamluk world often did not differentiate between ''khānaqāh''s, ''ribāṭ''s, ''zāwiya''s, and ''madrasa''s.<ref name=":2" />

===Maghreb===
{{Further|Zawiya (institution)}}{{Expand section|date=June 2024}}
In the Maghreb, Sufi lodges have been mostly known as ''zāwiya''s or ''ribāṭ''s.
<gallery>
زاوية سيدي قاسم الجليزي.jpg|The [[Sidi Kacem El Jellizi Mausoleum|Zawiya of Sidi Qasim al-Jalizi]] in [[Tunis]]
Mosque of the Barber (Mausoleum of Sidi Sahabi).jpg|The [[Zawiya of Sidi Sahib]] in [[Kairouan]] (rebuilt in the 17th century)
</gallery>

===Ottoman Empire===
Many ''takya''s ({{langx|ota|تَكْیه‌لر|translit=tekyeler}}; modern {{langx|tr|tekkeler}}) have been built in Turkey and in the countries which came [[Ottoman Empire|under Ottoman rule]]. The Ottomans used the words ''takya'' ({{langx|ota|link=no|تَكْیه|translit=tekye}}), ''dargāh'' ({{langx|ota|label=none|دَرگاه|translit=dergâh}}) and ''zāwiya'' ({{langx|ota|label=none|زاویه|translit=zâviye}}) instead of ''khānaqāh'' ({{langx|ota|خانَقاه|label=none|translit=hanekâh}}).<ref name="Redhouse, p. 827"/><ref>{{TDV Encyclopedia of Islam|id=hankah|title=Hankah|quote=Osmanlılar’da hankah yerine daha çok dergâh, tekke ve zâviye kelimeleri kullanılmıştır}}</ref> Among the Ottoman Sufi orders which had the most ''takya''s were the [[Mevlevi Order]] or ''Mawlawiyya'' and the [[Bektashi Order]].<ref name="TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, tekke">{{TDV Encyclopedia of Islam|id=tekke|title=Tekke}}</ref> The ''takya''s of the Mevlevi Order were called ''Mawlawī khāna''s ({{langx|ota|link=no|مولوی خانه‌لر|translit=Mevlevî haneler|lit=''Mawlawī'' houses}}).<ref name="TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, tekke"/>

By the 20th century, [[Istanbul]] itself counted many ''takya''s. Some were dedicated to certain Muslim communities (for example, the Uzbeks' Takya{{efn|{{langx|ota|اوزبكلر تكیه‌سی|translit=Özbekler Tekyesi}};<ref>{{cite book|language=ota|title=تورك خلق ادبياتی|page=38|author=ايغناتس قونوس|date=1925 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iisNAAAAIAAJ}}</ref> {{langx|tr|Özbekler Tekkesi}}.}} or the Indians' Takya{{efn|{{langx|ota|هندولر تکیه‌سی|translit=Hindiler Tekyesi}};<ref>{{cite book|language=ota|title=تاريخ جودت|page=70|author=Ahmet Cevdet Paşa|year=1893|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=__I4AQAAMAAJ}}</ref> {{langx|tr|Hindiler Tekkesi}}.}}) which symbolized a certain recognition of these communities by the Ottomans.<ref>{{cite book|author=M. Naeem Qureshi|title=Pan-Islam in British Indian Politics: A Study of the Khilafat Movement, 1918-1924|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=czKYZPyoyx0C|year=1999|page=16|publisher=BRILL |isbn=90-04-11371-1 }}</ref>

Ottoman ''takya''s can be found [[List of tekkes in Albania|in Albania]], Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cyprus, Egypt, Greece, North Macedonia, and Syria.

<gallery>
Takiyya as-Süleimaniyya Mosque 01.jpg|The [[Sulaymaniyya Takiyya]] in [[Damascus]], Syria
Uzbek Dervish Lodge.jpg|The Uzbeks' Takya in [[Istanbul]]
Vrelo Bune i tekija.jpg|The Takya of [[Blagaj, Mostar|Blagaj]], Bosnia and Herzegovina
</gallery>

===Iran===
[[File:Madreseh honar esfahan.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Tohidkhaneh]], a medieval ''khānaqāh'' in [[Isfahan]], Iran]]
Many Sufi lodges existed in Iran during the Middle Ages. Examples include the [[Tohidkhaneh]] in [[Isfahan]]. After the [[Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam]], many Sufi lodges became used as ''[[ḥusayniyya]]''s<ref name="معجم المشاريع الحسينيّة">{{cite book|title=معجم المشاريع الحسينيّة - الجزء الثالث: دائرة المعارف الحسينية|author=محمد صادق محمد الكرباسي|year=2019|isbn=978-1-78403-031-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X46ODwAAQBAJ&pg=PT220|language=ar|quote=بناء الحسينية كان حديث العهد بإيران، وأما التكايا فكانت معروفة ومنتشرة في أنحاء إيران وكانت تقام فيها بعض الشعائر الحسينية أيضا قبل أن تنتقل إلى الحسينيات التي تخصصت بالشعائر الحسينية.}}</ref> (buildings where [[Shia Muslims]] gather to [[Mourning of Muharram|mourn the death of Husayn ibn Ali in the month of Muharram]]).

===South Asia===
[[Image:Shrine Of Allo Mahar sharif.jpg|thumb|right|218px|The Tomb of Naqshbandi Saints [[Faiz-ul Hassan Shah]] and [[Muhammad Amin Shah Sani]] in [[Allo Mahar]], [[Sialkot]]]]
In South Asia, the words ''khānaqāh'', ''jamāʿat-khāna'' ({{langx|ur|link=no|جماعت خانہ}}), ''takya'' ({{langx|ur|link=no|تَکْیہ|lit=pillow, bolster}}), ''dargāh'' ({{langx|ur|link=no|درگاہ|lit=royal court}}), ''langar'' ({{langx|ur|link=no|لنگر|lit=refectory}}{{efn|From [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]].}}), and sometimes ''ʿimārat'' ({{langx|ur|link=no|عمارت|lit=building}}).<ref name="Routledge Handbook on Sufism">{{cite book|title=Routledge Handbook on Sufism|last=Ridgeon|first=Lloyd|year=2020|publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-351-70647-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qi7yDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT387|quote=takya is used also in India and in Xinjiang (China). In the Indian subcontinent, the terms used are jamā'at-khāna (meeting room), takya (pillow, bolster) or dargāh (royal court) and langar (refectory), a term of Sanskrit origin, and sometimes imarat (religious complex).}}</ref> are used interchangeably for Sufi lodges.

The Madrasa-i-Firozshahi was built by [[Firuz Shah Tughlaq|Sultan Firoz Shah Tughlaq]] near [[Hauz Khas|Hauz-i-Alai]].<ref name=":6" /> Its architecture was said to be so appealing to locals that they relocated to be closer to the complex.<ref name=":6" /> The ''khānaqāh-madrasa'' structure had educational opportunities for the pious, and teachers were paid with stipends.<ref name=":6" /> Its main purpose was to offer lodging for travelers.<ref name=":6" />

The Khanaqah of Sayed Ghulam Ali Shah Mashadi in India was visited by and open to pilgrims from many different cultures around the world.<ref name=":5" /> ''Khānaqāh''s had ''[[langar-khāna]]''s, which served as free public kitchens for the poor sponsored by endowments from ''lakhiraj'' lands.<ref name=":1" /> Islamic values of equality and fraternity brought ''khānaqāh''s to provide services for members of the lowest [[Caste system in India|castes]].<ref name=":1" /> The popularity of ''khānaqāh''s declined in the early 14th century in India.<ref name=":1" />

==Architecture==
[[File:20120729 Budali Hoca Tekkesi exterior Thermes Xanthi Greece.JPG|thumb|left|The [[Budala Hodja Tekke]] in [[Thermes]], Greece]]

Prior to the [[Timurid Empire|Timurid]] period, Sufi lodges were typically designed as large complexes with several structures.<ref name=":2" /> After the fourteenth century, they were more commonly designed as one large structure.<ref name=":2" /> This design is typically characterized by one large hall with cells or galleries on either side, allowing more interaction for those working in the lodge.<ref name=":0" /> They commonly have domes, mosaics, arches, columns, courtyards, portals, and minarets.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archnet > Site > Khanqah wa Qubbat al-Amir Shaykhu |url=https://www.archnet.org/sites/2210 |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=www.archnet.org}}</ref><ref name="archnet.org">{{Cite web |title=Archnet > Site > Khanqah al-Farafra |url=https://www.archnet.org/sites/5021 |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=www.archnet.org}}</ref> The design and incorporation of these aspects varies by region and era.<ref name="archnet.org"/>

==See also==
* [[Islamic architecture]]
* [[Ottoman architecture]]
* [[Architecture of Iran]]
* [[List of historical tekkes, zaviyes, and dergahs in Istanbul]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |last=Fernandes |first=Leonor E. |title=The Evolution of a Sufi Institution in Mamluk Egypt: The Khanqah |location=Berlin |publisher=Klaus Schwarz |year=1998 |isbn=3-922968-68-6}}
* Hattstein, M. and P. Delius — ''Islam: Art and Architecture'', 2000, {{ISBN|3-8290-2558-0}}.

==External links==
*[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kanaqah ḴĀNAQĀH] – ''[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]''
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090523234951/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1270 "Khanaqah" article in Oxford Islamic Studies Online] (archived)
{{Islamic educational institutions}}
{{Iranian Architecture}}
{{Islamic architecture}}
{{Sufism terminology}}
{{Portal bar|Religion|Islam|Education|Psychology|Art|Architecture}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Sufi shrines]]
[[Category:Sufism in Asia]]
[[Category:Islamic architecture]]
[[Category:Ribats]]
[[Category:Islamic terminology]]
[[Category:Dhikr]]
[[Category:Islamic education in India]]
[[Category:Islamic education in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Islamic schools]]

Aparna Jain

2026-04-16T18:46:26Z

Shailendra:

{{Short description|Indian author and leadership coach}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{COI|date=April 2017}}
{{autobiography|date=April 2017}}
{{notability|1=Biographies|date=April 2017}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Aparna Jain
| image =
| caption =
| occupation = Author; executive leadership coach
| years_active = 2010s–present
| known_for = ''Own It''; ''Like a Girl''; ''Boys Will Be Boys''; ''Why the Heck Not?''
| website =
}}

'''Aparna Jain''' is an Indian author and executive leadership coach whose work focuses on gender equity and inclusion in the workplace. She has written five books, including ''Own It: Leadership Lessons from Women Who Do'' (2016),<ref name="HarperOwnIt">{{cite web |title=Own It: Leadership Lessons from Women Who Do |url=https://www.harpercollins.com/products/own-it-leadership-lessons-from-women-who-do-aparna-jain?variant=32154006716450 |website=HarperCollins |publisher=HarperCollins Publishers |date=2016-02-04 |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref> the anthologies for younger readers ''Like a Girl'' (2018) and ''Boys Will Be Boys'' (2019), and, with K.P. Singh, ''Why the Heck Not? Blueprints for Success from the Man Who Built DLF'' (2024).<ref name="PenguinWhy">{{cite web |title=Why the Heck Not? |url=https://www.penguin.co.in/book/why-the-heck-not/ |website=Penguin Random House India |publisher=India Viking |date=2024-11-01 |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref><ref name="TheWeek2024">{{cite web |title='Why the Heck Not?' review: A sanitised blueprint to Lutyens Delhi deals and magazine-story roundups |url=https://www.theweek.in/review/books/2024/12/01/why-the-heck-not-book-review-kp-singh-dlf-aparna-jain.html |website=The Week |publisher=Malayala Manorama Group |date=2024-12-01 |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref> ''Own It'' received a Jury Appreciation Certificate at the First South Asia Laadli Media & Advertising Awards for Gender Sensitivity 2015–16,<ref name="Laadli2016">{{cite web |title=First Edition South Asia Laadli Media and Advertising Awards for Gender Sensitivity 2015–16 |url=https://populationfirst.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/WNDoc_National-brochure_FINAL-1.pdf |website=Population First |date=2016-11-10 |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref> and was shortlisted for the Tata Literature Live! Business Book of the Year 2016. Jain is also a frequent commentator on workplace gender issues.<ref name="BLF">{{cite web |title=Aparna Jain |url=https://bangaloreliteraturefestival.org/participant/aparna-jain/ |website=Bangalore Literature Festival |date=2018-10-27 |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref><ref name="HTRaje2016">{{cite web |title=Finally, a book that talks about gender-neutral workplace |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/towards-fostering-a-gender-neutral-workplace/story-32TrlU2iOhQfWGGWStcSYL.html |website=Hindustan Times |publisher=HT Media |date=2016-04-02 |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref><ref name="HTWords2017">{{cite web |title=Words that capture the dreams and thoughts of women |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/art-and-culture/words-that-capture-the-dreams-and-thoughts-of-women/story-eNOEJRlqAO3GbugaGU6hQP.html |website=Hindustan Times |publisher=HT Media |date=2017-02-17 |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref>

Jain founded the leadership coaching and diversity consultancy Zebraa Works in 2011. Publisher biographies describe her as an internationally certified Integral Master Coach™, after two decades in business development and marketing roles in technology and media in India and the United States.<ref name="PenguinAuthor">{{cite web |title=Aparna Jain |url=https://www.penguin.co.in/book_author/aparna-jain/ |website=Penguin Random House India |date=2024-11-01 |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref> She is also the author of the ''Sood Family Cookbook'' which features recipes from the widespread Sood family featuring pahaadi, Bengali, Italian, Thai, Swiss and other global cuisines.<ref name="HarperSood">{{cite web |title=Sood Family Cook Book |url=https://harpercollins.co.in/product/sood-family-cook-book/ |website=HarperCollins India |date=2013-12-20 |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref>

==Early life and [[HarperCollins|education]]==
Jain was born in [[New Delhi]], but grew up in [[Bangalore]] in [[Karnataka]]. She has studied in different schools including [[Sophia High School]] in Bangalore, and [[Rishi Valley School]], Madanapalle, [[Andhra Pradesh]]. Jain then moved to [[Switzerland]] where she studied at the Alpina School of Hotel Management and received a Diploma with a double specialisation in Sales & Marketing and Food & Beverage in 1993. She moved back to India to pursue a post graduate programme in Hospitality at the Oberoi School of Hotel Management in New Delhi. Jain is also certified as an Integral Master Coach by Integral Coaching in Canada.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.integralcoachingcanada.com/icc_coaches?location=All&field_language=All&keywords=aparna+|title=ICC Coaches | Integral Coaching Canada|access-date=2017-04-07|archive-date=2017-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407233103/https://www.integralcoachingcanada.com/icc_coaches?location=All&field_language=All&keywords=aparna+|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Career==
Before moving into coaching, Jain worked in technology and media. She held marketing leadership roles at the [[India Today]] Group for ''Cosmopolitan'', ''Good Housekeeping'', ''Design Today'' and ''India Today Travel Plus''; in 2010 she joined ''[[Tehelka]]'' as vice-president, marketing, and served as executive director of the THiNK festivals in 2011 and 2012. She later acted as consultant country head for Partridge, Penguin Random House India’s self-publishing division.<ref name="NotionPress2016">{{cite web |title=Ex-Marketing Head of HarperCollins, Aparna Jain's advice for first-time authors |url=https://notionpress.com/blog/ex-marketing-head-of-harpercollins-aparna-jains-advice-for-first-time-authors/ |website=Notion Press Blog |publisher=Notion Press |date=2016-06-06 |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref><ref name="SoundCloud2016">{{cite web |title=Aparna Jain on first books and publishing (podcast) |url=https://soundcloud.com/firstbookpodcast/aparna-jains-first-book |website=SoundCloud |publisher=First Book Podcast |date=2016-05-26 |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref>

Jain writes and comments on gender, workplace culture and harassment law, with columns and interviews in outlets including ''Hindustan Times'', ''The Times of India'', ''Firstpost'' and ''Mint''. During the public debate around R.K. Pachauri and [[The Energy and Resources Institute|TERI]] in 2016, she argued for institutional accountability and safer workplaces.<ref name="HTRaje2016" /><ref name="TOI2016">{{cite web |title=Backing Pachauri is like saying women's safety doesn't matter: Aparna Jain |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/all-that-matters/Backing-Pachauri-is-like-saying-womens-safety-doesnt-matter-Aparna-Jain/articleshow/50978330.cms |website=The Times of India |publisher=Times Group |date=2016-02-14 |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref><ref name="FirstpostTERI">{{cite web |title=#PachauriHatao: For those who ask why women delay harassment complaints, remember the TERI case |url=https://www.firstpost.com/living/pachaurihatao-for-everyone-who-asks-why-women-delay-harassment-complaints-remember-the-teri-case-2619448.html |website=Firstpost |publisher=Network18 |date=2016-02-10 |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref><ref name="HTWords2017" />

==Writing==
Jain’s first book, ''[[The Sood Family Cookbook]]: 101 Recipes for Every Home'' (HarperCollins, 2013; 168 pp.), is a family memoir-cookbook drawing on Pahadi and North Indian traditions. It was noted in ''Mint'' and ''Hindustan Times'' round-ups of Indian cookbooks.<ref name="HarperSood" /><ref name="Mint2014">{{cite web |title=All in the family |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/3IXYhspfIwBpJngrK2vxXN/All-in-the-family.html |website=Mint Lounge |publisher=HT Media |date=2014-01-11 |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref><ref name="HTBrunch2014">{{cite web |title=Comfort food, and some family drama |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/comfort-food-and-some-family-drama/story-gNKnXbxjPkdWIMthwRsfoN.html |website=Hindustan Times – Brunch |publisher=HT Media |date=2014-03-22 |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref>

Her second book, ''Own It: Leadership Lessons from Women Who Do'' (HarperCollins, 2016; 328 pp., ISBN {{ISBN|978-9351777915}}), draws on interviews with about 200 senior women professionals in India and examines bias, harassment, motherhood penalties and advancement barriers. Reviews in ''Firstpost'' and ''Hindustan Times'' described it as a useful resource for women and for leaders seeking gender-neutral workplaces. The book received a Laadli Jury Appreciation Certificate (2015–16) and was shortlisted for the Tata Literature Live! Business Book of the Year (2016).<ref name="HarperOwnIt" /><ref name="FirstpostReview2016">{{cite web |title=Book review: Aparna Jain's 'Own It' brings out of unarticulated darkness the indescribable things that happen to women at the workplace |url=https://www.firstpost.com/living/book-review-aparna-jains-own-it-brings-out-of-unarticulated-darkness-the-indescribable-things-that-happen-to-women-at-the-workplace-2614092.html |website=Firstpost |publisher=Network18 |date=2016-02-06 |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref><ref name="HTRaje2016" /><ref name="Laadli2016" /><ref name="BLF" />

With the Context imprint of Westland, Jain wrote two illustrated anthologies for younger readers. ''Like a Girl: Real Stories for Tough Kids'' (2018; ISBN {{ISBN|978-9387578173}}) profiles more than fifty Indian women across fields. Coverage in ''Mint Lounge'' and ''Scroll.in'' highlighted its effort to present both achievements and complexities. The book later appeared on the Crossword Book Awards Popular Shortlist.<ref name="Mint2018">{{cite web |title=Goodnight stories for tough Indian girls |url=https://lifestyle.livemint.com/news/talking-point/goodnight-stories-for-tough-indian-girls-111645266222320.html |website=Mint Lounge |publisher=HT Media |date=2018-07-07 |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref><ref name="Scroll2018">{{cite web |title='I wanted children to know that there is good and bad with greatness': Aparna Jain on ''Like A Girl'' |url=https://scroll.in/article/887196/i-wanted-children-to-know-that-there-is-good-and-bad-with-greatness-aparna-jain |website=Scroll.in |publisher=Scroll Media |date=2018-07-18 |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref><ref name="AbeBooksLikeAGirl">{{cite web |title=Like a Girl (Westland) – bibliographic record |url=https://www.abebooks.com/9789387578173/Girl-Jain-Aparna-9387578178/plp |website=AbeBooks |date=2018-07-01 |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref><ref name="MumbaiLive2019">{{cite web |title=Popular Shortlist for 17th Crossword Book Awards released |url=https://www.mumbailive.com/en/art/crossword-announces-the-shortlist-for-crossword-awards-41307 |website=Mumbai Live |date=2019-10-22 |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref>

''Boys Will Be Boys: Inspiring Stories for Smart Kids'' (Context, 2019; 192 pp., ISBN {{ISBN|978-9388754897}}) profiles 45 Indian men in fields including science, public service, business and sport.<ref name="AmazonBoys">{{cite book |title=Boys Will Be Boys: Inspiring Stories for Smart Kids |date=2019-12-20 |id={{ASIN|9388754891|country=au}} }}</ref><ref name="Onmanorama2019">{{cite web |title=After female-centric books, author Aparna Jain writes on men |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/lifestyle/news/2019/12/11/author-aparna-jain-boys-will-be-boys.html |website=Onmanorama |publisher=Malayala Manorama |date=2019-12-11 |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref>

In November 2024, Penguin Random House India published ''Why the Heck Not? Blueprints for Success from the Man Who Built DLF'' (India Viking; 304 pp., ISBN {{ISBN|978-0143472889}}), co-authored by K.P. Singh and Jain. ''The Week'' called it an insider account of Gurgaon’s real-estate transformation while noting that parts read like a “sanitised blueprint”.<ref name="PenguinWhy" /><ref name="TheWeek2024" />

==Selected works==
* ''The Sood Family Cookbook: 101 Recipes for Every Home''. New Delhi: HarperCollins India, 2013. 168 pp. ISBN {{ISBN|978-9353571443}}.<ref name="HarperSood" />
* ''Own It: Leadership Lessons from Women Who Do''. New Delhi: HarperCollins India, 2016. 328 pp. ISBN {{ISBN|978-9351777915}}.<ref name="HarperOwnIt" />
* ''Like a Girl: Real Stories for Tough Kids''. Chennai: Context (Westland), 2018. 197 pp. ISBN {{ISBN|978-9387578173}}.<ref name="AbeBooksLikeAGirl" /><ref name="Mint2018" />
* ''Boys Will Be Boys: Inspiring Stories for Smart Kids''. Chennai: Context (Westland), 2019. 192 pp. ISBN {{ISBN|978-9388754897}}.<ref name="AmazonBoys" />
* K.P. Singh with Aparna Jain, ''Why the Heck Not? Blueprints for Success from the Man Who Built DLF''. Gurugram: India Viking (Penguin Random House India), 2024. 304 pp. ISBN {{ISBN|978-0143472889}}.<ref name="PenguinWhy" />

==Recognition==
* Jury Appreciation Certificate, Book (Non-fiction), First South Asia Laadli Media & Advertising Awards for Gender Sensitivity 2015–16, for ''Own It''.<ref name="Laadli2016" />
* Shortlisted, Tata Literature Live! Business Book of the Year 2016, for ''Own It''.<ref name="BLF" />

==Coaching qualifications==
Jain is listed by Integral Coaching Canada among its certified coaches and is described in publisher biographies as an Integral Master Coach™. ICC states its flagship Integral Coaching® Certification Program is accredited by the International Coach Federation for 202 training hours, with a Master-level track.<ref name="ICCFindCoach">{{cite web |title=Find a Coach |url=https://www.integralcoachingcanada.com/FindACoach/FindACoach |website=Integral Coaching Canada |date=2025-07-27 |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref><ref name="PenguinAuthor" /><ref name="ICCPrograms">{{cite web |title=Coach Training Programs |url=https://www.integralcoachingcanada.com/Programs/Programs |website=Integral Coaching Canada |date=2025-07-27 |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref><ref name="ICCModules">{{cite web |title=Integral Coaching® Certification Program |url=https://www.integralcoachingcanada.com/Programs/ProgramModulesLearnMore?programId=1 |website=Integral Coaching Canada |date=2025-07-27 |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite web |title=Finally, a book that talks about gender-neutral workplace |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/towards-fostering-a-gender-neutral-workplace/story-32TrlU2iOhQfWGGWStcSYL.html |website=Hindustan Times |publisher=HT Media |date=2016-04-02 |access-date=2025-07-27}}
* {{cite web |title='I wanted children to know that there is good and bad with greatness': Aparna Jain on ''Like A Girl'' |url=https://scroll.in/article/887196/i-wanted-children-to-know-that-there-is-good-and-bad-with-greatness-aparna-jain |website=Scroll.in |publisher=Scroll Media |date=2018-07-21 |access-date=2025-07-27}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jain, Aparna}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women writers]]
[[Category:Indian women children's writers]]
[[Category:Indian children's writers]]
[[Category:Indian business executives]]
[[Category:Women business executives]]
[[Category:Writers from Delhi]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Rishi Valley School alumni]]

Babina Devi Lisham

2026-04-15T16:22:01Z

Shailendra:

{{Short description|Indian footballer}}
{{Western name order|Lisham Babina Devi}}
{{Meitei name|Lisham|Babina|Devi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Babina Devi
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| fullname = Babina Devi Lisham
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2005|2|1|df=y}}
| birth_place = Haokha Maning Leikai, [[Thoubal district|Thoubal]], [[Manipur]], India
| height = 1.67 m<ref name="AFC-squad-list">{{cite web |title=2026 AFC Women's Asian Cup Squad Lists |url=https://assets.the-afc.com/2026_AFC_Womens_Asian_Cup/Finals/Squad_Lists/AFC-Women's-Asian-Cup-Australia-2026%E2%84%A2-Final-Registration---Feb-25upd.pdf?source=url |publisher=Asian Football Confederation |access-date=27 February 2026 }}</ref>
| position = [[Midfielder]]
| currentclub = [[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
| clubnumber = 6
| years1 =
| clubs1 = The Young Welfare Club
| caps1 =
| goals1 =
| years2 = –2024
| clubs2 = [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
| caps2 =
| goals2 =
| years3 = 2024–
| clubs3 = [[Sethu FC|Sethu]]
| caps3 =
| goals3 =
| nationalyears1 = 2021–2022
| nationalteam1 = [[India women's national under-17 football team|India U17]]
| nationalcaps1 =
| nationalgoals1 =
| nationalyears2 = 2025–
| nationalteam2 = [[India women's national football team|India]]
| nationalcaps2 = 8
| nationalgoals2 = 0
| club-update =
| nationalteam-update = 15 April 2026
}}
'''Babina Devi Lisham''' ({{langx|mni|Lisham Babina Devi}}, 1 February 2005)<ref>{{Cite web |title=AIFF - Under 20 National Team - 6 Lisham Babina Devi |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/67644?type=club |access-date=17 February 2025 |website=The AIFF}}</ref> is an Indian professional footballer from [[Manipur]] who plays as a midfielder for the [[Indian Women's League]] club [[Sethu FC|Sethu]] and the [[India women's national football team]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Babina Devi Lisham Updates, Scores, Fixtures and Standings |url=https://khelnow.com/tag/babina-devi-lisham |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=Khel Now |language=en-us}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Lisham is from Haokha Maning Leikai in [[Thoubal district]], Manipur. She is the daughter of Lisham Kunjo, a mason. Lisham used to play with ''nobab'', a ball shaped citrus fruit, when she was spotted by Mutum Surmala Chanu, a police woman and former assistant coach of India’s senior women football team. She initially trained under Surmala at the local football ground of Young Welfare Club.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-10-18 |title=Why Manipur dominates women's football in India |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/why-manipur-dominates-women-s-football-in-india-101666095838019.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219154654/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/why-manipur-dominates-women-s-football-in-india-101666095838019.html |archive-date=19 February 2024 |access-date=2025-02-23 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Career ==
Lisham was selected by Indian chief coach [[Crispin Chettri]] for the National camp at [[RDS Stadium|Anantapur]], Andhra Pradesh, in preparation for the Pink Ladies Cup, at Sharjah, [[United Arab Emirates]], from 20 to 26 February 2025. On 17 February 2025, she was named in the final squad.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Crispin Chettri names 23-member squad for Pink Ladies Cup in UAE |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/crispin-chettri-names-23-member-squad-for-pink-ladies-cup-in-uae |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=www.the-aiff.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2025-02-17 |title=India women's head coach Crispin Chettri names 23-member squad for Pink Ladies Cup in UAE |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/india-womens-football-squad-pink-ladies-cup-russia-korea-republic-full-team-crispin-chettri/article69228786.ece |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref> She made her senior India debut against Jordan at the Al Hamriya Sports Club Stadium, Sharjah on 20 February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Senior India women produce a dominant display to tame Jordan in Sharjah opener |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/senior-india-women-produce-a-dominant-display-to-tame-jordan-in-sharjah-opener |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=www.the-aiff.com}}</ref>

She represented the Indian under-15 team in the [[South Asian Football Federation]] (SAFF) women’s championships held in [[Bhutan]] in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manipur's Linda Chanu And Babina Devi All Set To Make A Mark |url=https://www.hercircle.in/engage/get-inspired/women-in-sports/manipurs-linda-chanu-and-babina-devi-all-set-to-make-a-mark-378.html |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=www.hercircle.in}}</ref>

Before joining [[Sethu FC]], Lisham played for the Young Welfare Club and [[Kickstart FC]], Karnataka.

==Career statistics==
===International===
{{Updated|15 April 2026}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
!National team!!Year!!Caps!!Goals
|-
| rowspan=2|[[India women's national football team|India]]
|2025
|5
|0
|-
|2026
|3
|0
|-
! colspan=2|Total
!8
!0
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/67644 Babina Devi Lisham] at [[All India Football Federation]].

{{India squad 2026 AFC Women's Asian Cup}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lisham, Babina}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2005 births]]
[[Category:Indian women's footballers]]
[[Category:India women's international footballers]]
[[Category:India women's youth international footballers]]
[[Category:Footballers from Manipur]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Manipur]]
[[Category:People from Thoubal district]]
[[Category:Women's association football midfielders]]
[[Category:Indian Women's League players]]
[[Category:Kickstart FC players]]
[[Category:Sethu FC players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]
[[Category:2026 AFC Women's Asian Cup players]]

Narasapuram Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:31:05Z

Shailendra: added first entry w/ refs

{{Short description|Constituency of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India}}
{{Distinguish|Narsapur Assembly constituency}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Narasapuram
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh (58-Narasapuram highlighted).png
| map_caption = Location of Narasapuram Assembly constituency within Andhra Pradesh
| mla = [[Bommidi Narayana Nayakar]]
| party = {{Party index link|Janasena Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| district = [[West Godavari district|West Godavari]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Narasapuram Lok Sabha constituency|Narasapuram]]
| reservation = None
| established = 1951
| electors = 168,122
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 58
}}

'''Narasapuram Assembly constituency''' is a constituency in [[West Godavari district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] that elects representatives to the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceoandhra.nic.in/ceoap_new/ceo/documents/Electors_Summary%20_25.03.2019.pdf|title=Electors Summary|date=25 May 2019|website=Chief Electoral Officer, Andhra Pradesh|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref> It is one of the seven assembly segments of [[Narasapuram Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="constituencies">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|date=17 December 2018|website=The Election Commission of India|pages=20, 30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003220916/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|archive-date=3 October 2018|url-status=dead|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref>

[[Bommidi Narayana Nayakar]] is the current [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of the constituency, having won the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Janasena Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Narasapuram, Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: JSP's Bommidi Narayana Nayakar defeats YSRCP's Nagaraja Vara Prasada Raju Mudunuri with 49738 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/narasapuram-andhra-pradesh-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-2548248-2024-06-04 |access-date=2024-06-08 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> As of 2019, there are a total of 168,122 electors in the constituency.<ref name="electors">{{cite web|url=http://ceoandhra.nic.in/ceoap_new/ceo/documents/Electors_Summary%20_25.03.2019.pdf|title=Electors Summary|date=25 May 2019|website=Chief Electoral Officer, Andhra Pradesh|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref>{{update after|2024|7}} The constituency was established in 1951, as per the ''Delimitation Orders (1951)''.

== Mandals ==
The two mandals that form the assembly constituency are:<ref name="constituencies" />

{{srn}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
!Mandal
|-
| [[Mogalthur]]
|-
| [[Narsapuram]]
|}

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" | Political party
|-
| rowspan=2|[[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| Padela Symasundara Rao
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| Bhupathiraju Lakshminarasaraju
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| [[1955 Andhra State Legislative Assembly election|1955]]
| Grandhi Venkatareddi
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| Parakala Seshavatharam
|-
| [[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| S. R. Rudraraju
| style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|-
| [[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| rowspan=2 |Parakala Seshavatharam
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
|-
| [[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
| rowspan=2 |[[Chegondi Venkata Harirama Jogaiah]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=6}}
|-
| [[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
| [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| rowspan=4 |Kothapalli Subbarayudu
|-
| [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]]
|-
| [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|-
| [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|-
| [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| Mudunuri Prasad Raju
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2012 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-election|2012]]
| Kothapalli Subbarayudu
|-
| [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| [[Bandaru Madhava Naidu]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
| [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
| Mudunuri Prasad Raju
| {{Full party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|-
| [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| [[Bommidi Narayana Nayakar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janasena Party}}
|}

== Election results ==
===1952===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Narsapur<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=27 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Padela Symasundara Rao |party=Communist Party of India |votes=89,557 |percentage=33.11% |change= }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhupathiraju Lakshminarasaraju |party=Communist Party of India |votes=50,746 |percentage=18.76% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gottumakkala Venkanna |party=Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party |votes=28,318 |percentage=10.47% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dasari Perumallu |party=Indian National Congress |votes=27,512 |percentage=10.17% |change=10.17% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Alluri Satyanarayaraju |party=Indian National Congress |votes=27,016 |percentage=9.99% |change=9.99% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Grandhi Venkatareddi Naiudu |party=Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party |votes=26,894 |percentage=9.94% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ganta Aruna Kumar |party=Republican Party of India |votes=9,174 |percentage=3.39% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Indukuri Chinna Satyaraghavaraju |party=Socialist Party (India) |votes=5,550 |percentage=2.05% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pilli Charles |party=Independent politician |votes=2,420 |percentage=0.89% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kumara Lakshmi Narasimharaju Bahadur |party=Independent politician |votes=1,831 |percentage=0.68% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=38,811 |percentage=14.35% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=2,70,462 |percentage=176.47% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,53,263 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Communist Party of India |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===1994===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Narasapur}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Kothapalli Subbarayudu]]|party=Telugu Desam Party|votes=62,693|percentage=55.6%|change={{increase}}0.6}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=Prabhakar Parakala|party=Indian National Congress|votes=47,246|percentage=41.9%|change={{decrease}}0.3}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Revu Eswararao|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=1,024|percentage=0.9%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Mocherla Rajaram|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=597|percentage=0.5%|change={{decrease}}0.2}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Chenna Venkataramaiah|party=Independent|votes=395|percentage=0.4%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Gannabattula Satyanarayana|party=Independent|votes=248|percentage=0.2%|change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Bonam Venkatanarasimharao|party=Marxist Communist Party Of India (SRIVASTAVA)|votes=246|percentage=0.2%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Thota Surya Prakasarao|party=Independent|votes=204|percentage=0.2%|change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Villuri Padmakumari|party=Independent|votes=86|percentage=0.1%|change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory|votes=15,447|percentage=13.5%|change={{increase}}1}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=114,377 |percentage=77%|change={{increase}}2.1}}
{{Election box registered electors|reg. electors=148,471|change={{increase}}7,432}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}

{{Election box end}}

===1999===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Narasapur}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=Kothapalli Subbarayudu|party=Telugu Desam Party|votes=73,160|percentage=61.7%|change={{increase}}6.1}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=Kalavakolanu Rao|party=Indian National Congress|votes=38,431|percentage=32.4%|change={{decrease}}9.5}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Ketha Suryanarayana|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|votes=5,292|percentage=4.5%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Chintapalli Guruprasad|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=836|percentage=0.7%|change={{decrease}}0.2}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Patta Rao|party=Independent|votes=492|percentage=0.4% |change=9.99% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Karimsetti Venkateswarlu|party=Independent|votes=225|percentage=0.2%|change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Nagidi Bhanumurty|party=Anna Telugu Desam Party|votes=133|percentage=0.1%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Gogulamanda Rao|party=Independent|votes=24|percentage=0.0% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory|votes=34,729|percentage=28.3%|change={{increase}}14.8}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=122,902|percentage=76.3%|change={{decrease}}0.7}}
{{Election box registered electors|reg. electors=161,152|change=+12,681}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}

{{Election box end}}

=== 2004 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Narasapuram}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = [[Kothapalli Subbarayudu]]
|votes = 63,288
|percentage = 49.72
|change = -11.97
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Mudnuri Prasad Raju|votes=59,770|percentage=46.96|change=+14.55}}
{{Election box majority||votes=3,518|percentage=2.76|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=127,292|percentage=79.49|change=+5.90}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2009 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Narasapuram}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Mudnuri Prasad Raju
|votes = 58,560
|percentage = 50.53
|change = +3.57
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Praja Rajyam Party|candidate=[[Kothapalli Subbarayudu]]|votes=41,235|percentage=35.58|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=Bommidi Narayana Rao|votes=10,841|percentage=9.35|change=-40.37}}
{{Election box majority||votes=17,325|percentage=14.95|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=115,893|percentage=87.17|change=+7.68}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Telugu Desam Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2014 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Narasapuram}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = [[Bandaru Madhava Naidu]]
|votes = 72,747
|percentage = 56.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = YSR Congress Party
|candidate = [[Kothapalli Subbarayudu]]
|votes = 51,035
|percentage = 39.28
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 21,712
|percentage = 16.71
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 129,913
|percentage = 84.01
|change = -3.16
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Narasapuram}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=YSR Congress Party|candidate=Mudunuri Prasad Raju|votes=55,556|percentage=40.68|change=+1.4}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Janasena Party|candidate=[[Bommidi Narayana Nayakar]]|votes=49,120|percentage=35.97|change=+35.97}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[Bandaru Madhava Naidu]]|votes=27,059|percentage=19.82|change=-36.18}}
{{Election box majority||votes=6,436|percentage=4.71|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=136,556|percentage=81.19|change=-2.82}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = YSR Congress Party
|loser = Telugu Desam Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2024 ===
<section begin="Assembly Election 2024"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Narasapuram}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Janasena Party
|candidate = [[Bommidi Narayana Nayakar]]
|votes = 94,116
|percentage = 64.70
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||party=YSR Congress Party|candidate=Mudunuri Prasad Raju|votes=44,378|percentage=30.52|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Kanuri Udaya Baskara Krishna Prasad|votes=1,915|percentage=1.32|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=NOTA|candidate=None Of The Above|votes=1,216|percentage=0.84|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=49,738|percentage=34.20|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,45,418|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Janasena Party
|loser = YSR Congress Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
<section end="Assembly Election 2024"/>

== See also ==
* [[List of constituencies of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Coord|17.17|81.86|display=title}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh}}
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:West Godavari district]]
[[Category:Politics of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]

Farrhana Bhatt

2026-04-10T01:03:38Z

Shailendra:

{{Short description|Indian actress (born 1997)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{BLP sources|date=November 2025}}
{{COI|date=January 2026}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Farrhana Bhatt
| image = Farrhana Bhatt at the grand finale of Bigg Boss 19.jpg
| caption = Bhatt in 2025
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1997|03|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Srinagar]], India
| occupation = {{Hlist|Actress|activist}}
| years_active = 2016-present
| organization = Commonwealth Youth Council (CYC)
| known_for = ''[[Laila Majnu (2018 film)|Laila Majnu]]'' (2018) ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 19|Bigg Boss 19]]'' (2025)
| other_names = Farhana Bhatt
}}

'''Farrhana Bhatt''' (born March 15, 1997)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pathak |first=Abhilasha |title=Who is Farhana Bhat in Bigg Boss 19? Biography, Age, Career, Instagram & More |url=https://www.pratidintime.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-19/who-is-farhana-bhat-in-bigg-boss-19-biography-age-career-instagram-more-9765852 |access-date=2025-11-16 |website=[[Pratidin Time]] |language=en}}</ref> is an Indian actress, model and social peace activist who primarily works in [[Hindi cinema|Hindi films]], [[Television in India|television]] and on streaming platforms. She is best known for her role as Jasmeet in ''[[Laila Majnu (2018 film)|Laila Majnu]]'' (2018) and for participating in [[Colors TV]]'s reality show ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 19|Bigg Boss 19]]'' (2025) where she finished as the first runner-up.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Bigg Boss 19 grand finale: Farrhana Bhatt is first runner up of Salman Khan's show |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-19-grand-finale-farrhana-bhatt-is-first-runner-up-of-salman-khans-show-10400208/ |website=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=7 December 2025 |date=7 December 2025}}</ref>

== Early and personal life ==
Bhatt was born on March 15, 1997, in [[Srinagar]], India and hails from a [[Kashmiri Muslims|Muslim]] family.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thedailyguardian.com/uncategorized/who-is-farhana-bhatts-mother-the-woman-behind-the-bigg-boss-19-fame-who-entered-during-family-week-681726/amp/|title=Who Is Farhana Bhatt's Mother? The Woman Behind the Bigg Boss 19 Fame Who Entered During Family Week|website=The Daily Guardian|access-date= 18 November 2025}}</ref>

In November 2025, a legal controversy erupted concerning statements made about Bhatt by Roshan Garry Bhinder, the aunt of [[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 19|''Bigg Boss 19'']] co-contestant [[Amaal Mallik]], where Bhinder referred to Bhatt using the term "terrorist" on the YouTube channel Fifafooz.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 19: Farhana Bhatt's Family Files Defamation Suit Against Amaal Mallik's Aunt For 'Terrorist' Remark, Seeks Rs 1 Crore Compensation |url=https://zeenews.india.com/television/bigg-boss-19-farhana-bhatt-s-family-files-defamation-suit-against-amaal-mallik-s-aunt-for-terrorist-remark-seeks-rs-1-crore-compensation-2980505.html |access-date=2025-11-11 |website=[[Zee News]] |language=en}}</ref> Bhatt's family initiated legal action against Bhinder, Fifafooz and YouTube India and characterized the comments as "defamatory and communally charged," expressing deep distress over the "outrageous and baseless allegation." The legal notice demanded the immediate removal of the controversial video, a public apology from the involved parties, and ₹1 [[crore]] in damages for the alleged reputational and emotional harm caused to Bhatt.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-05 |title=Farrhana Bhatt's family sends legal notice to Amaal Mallik's aunt for calling her a terrorist; seek ₹1 crore in damages |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/farrhana-bhatts-family-sends-legal-notice-to-amaal-malliks-aunt-for-calling-her-a-terrorist-seek-1-crore-in-damages-101762345218367.html |access-date=2025-11-11 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Activism ==
In her capacity as a Commonwealth Youth Council executive, she organized and led a seminar and cultural programme in [[New Delhi]], India, on the occasion of the 31st [[United Nations' International Day of Persons with Disabilities|World Disability Day]], focusing on "Amplifying the Leadership of Youth with Disabilities."<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2025-01-14 |title=Celebrating 31st World Disability Day: CYC organises a Seminar and Cultural Programme on Amplifying the voices of Youth with Disabilities. |url=https://cycofficial.org/celebrating-31st-world-disability-day/ |access-date=2025-11-11 |website=Commonwealth Youth Council |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
===Films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable"| Notes
! class="unsortable"| Ref(s)
|-
|2016
|''[[Sunshine Music Tours and Travels]]''
| Farzana
|
|
|-
|2018
|''[[Laila Majnu (2018 film)|Laila Majnu]]''
| Jasmeet
|
|
|-
|rowspan="2" |2019
|''[[Notebook (2019 film)|Notebook]]''
| Dolly
|
|
|-
|''Gaash: Light''
|Farah
|Short film
|
|-
|2023
|''[[Country of Blind]]''
| Rameshwari
|
|
|-
|2024
|''[[Singham Again]]''
| Reporter
| Cameo appearance
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dnpindia.in/entertainment/bigg-boss-19-rohit-shetty-teases-farhana-bhatt-itni-badi-gundi-hai-tells-tanya-mittal-aap-jhooth-bol-rahi-ho-slams-amaal-mallik-for-this-watch/574118/|title=Bigg Boss 19: Rohit Shetty Teases Farhana Bhatt 'Itni Badi Gundi Hai', Tells Tanya Mittal 'Aap Jhooth Bol Rahi Ho', Slams Amaal Mallik|website= DNP India|access-date= 15 November 2025}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|''Haan Main Pagal Haan''
| Raashi
| [[Punjabi cinema|Punjabi film]]
|
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Year
! Title
! Role
!Channel
! class="unsortable"| Notes
! class="unsortable"| Ref(s)
|-
| 2025
| [[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 19|''Bigg Boss 19'']]
| Contestant
|[[Colors TV]]
| 1st runner-up
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|2026
|''The 50''
|Guest appearance
|[[Colors TV]] / [[Jio Hotstar]]
|To promote her song "Yahin Guzaar Doon"
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-03-09 |title=The 50: Farrhana Bhatt, Amaal Mallik step in The Mahal; Nehal Chudasama expresses excitement |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/the-50-farrhana-bhatt-amaal-mallik-step-in-the-mahal-nehal-chudasama-expresses-excitement/articleshow/129322926.cms |access-date=2026-03-09 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|}

===Web Series===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Year
! Name
! Role
! Notes
! Ref(s)
|-
| rowspan="2" |2023
|''Heaven of Hindustan''
|Farhana
|[[Amazon Prime Video]] documentary
|
|-
| [[The Freelancer (TV series)|''The Freelancer'']]
| Sayema Fasal
| [[Disney+ Hotstar]] show
|
|-
|2024
|''Rakshak: India's Braves Chapter 2''
|Rehanna
|[[Amazon miniTV]] show
|
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Work
!Result
!Ref(s)
|-
| 2026
| [[Radio City (Indian radio station)|Radio City]] Mumbai Icons Award
| Iconic Breakthrough Reality Star
| Herself
| {{won}}
|
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhatt, Farrhana}}
[[Category:1997 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Activists from Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Actresses from Srinagar]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]
[[Category:Female models from Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian Muslim activists]]
[[Category:Indian Muslim pacifists]]
[[Category:Indian web series actresses]]
[[Category:Kashmiri activists]]
[[Category:Kashmiri actresses]]
[[Category:Kashmiri models]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Participants in Indian reality television series]]

Zapatlela 2

2026-04-09T20:32:28Z

Shailendra: Creating Basic Pg Initial Version - done

{{Use British English|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Zapatlela 2
| image = Zapatlela 2,2014.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name =
| director = [[Mahesh Kothare]]
| writer = Mahesh Kothare
| screenplay = Ashok Patole Mahesh Kothare
| story = Mahesh Kothare
| based_on =
| producer = Mahesh Kothare [[Adinath Kothare]] [[Viacom 18 Motion Pictures]]
| starring = {{plainlist|
*Adinath Kothare
*[[Sonalee Kulkarni]]
*Mahesh Kothare
*[[Makarand Anaspure]]
*[[Sai Tamhankar]]
*[[Madhu Kambikar]]
*[[Vijay Chavan]]
*[[Deepak Shirke]]
*[[Dilip Prabhavalkar]]
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = Suresh Deshmane
| editing = Shashank Shah
| music = [[Avdhoot Gupte]]
| studio = [[Kothare Vision|Kothare and Kothare Vision]] [[Viacom 18 Motion Pictures]]
| distributor = Viacom 18 Motion Pictures Moving Pictures
| released = {{Film date|2013|06|07|[[Maharashtra]]|df=yes}}
| runtime = 119 minutes
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| budget = {{INR|4.5 crore}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=1993 में आई 'लल्लूराम' की हॉरर फिल्म, जिसे आज भी नहीं भूले होंगे 90s के दर्शक, 20 साल बाद बना था सीक्वल |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/bollywood-hum-aapke-hain-koun-lalluram-aka-laxmikant-berde-horror-film-jhapatlela-dubbed-in-2-years-and-sequel-made-after-20-years-unbelievably-7779961.html |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=News18 Hindi}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR|12 crore}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Narayan |first=Kimaya |date=2024-10-26 |title=आदिनाथ नाही तर लक्ष्याचा खरा लेक अभिनय होता 'झपाटलेला 2' चा खरा हिरो ! पण 'या' कारणामुळे हुकली संधी |url=https://www.esakal.com/premier/not-adinath-but-abhinay-berde-was-first-choice-for-zapatlela-2-as-lakshyas-son-role-entertainment-news-kds07 |access-date=2024-10-27 |website=[[Sakal]] |language=mr}}</ref>
}}

'''''Zapatlela 2''''' ({{Translation|Possessed 2}}) is a 2013 Indian [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language [[Comedy horror|horror comedy]] [[Thriller film|thriller]] film written and directed by [[Mahesh Kothare]]. Produced by [[Kothare Vision|Kothare and Kothare Vision]], it was distributed by [[Viacom18 Motion Pictures]].<ref name="Dhole">{{cite web|url=http://www.sakaaltimes.com/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsId=4829844957560003148|title=Fun has three dimensions now |last=Dhole |first=Renu |date=26 May 2013 |work=[[Sakal Times]]|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924093719/http://www.sakaaltimes.com/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsId=4829844957560003148|archive-date=24 September 2015}}</ref> A sequel to the 1993 film ''[[Zapatlela]]'', it stars [[Adinath Kothare]], [[Sonalee Kulkarni]], [[Mahesh Kothare]], [[Makarand Anaspure]], [[Sai Tamhankar]], [[Madhu Kambikar]], [[Vijay Chavan]], [[Deepak Shirke]], and features [[Dilip Prabhavalkar]] providing the voice for [[Tatya Vinchu]]. This film is notable for being the first Marathi movie shot entirely with a [[3D film|3D]] camera.<ref name="Phadke">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/marathi/news-interviews/Dont-blame-the-audience-for-poor-run-of-Marathi-films-in-Vidarbha-Mahesh-Kothare/articleshow/20444107.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809141359/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-06/news-interviews/39787702_1_mahesh-kothare-marathi-films-3d-film|url-status=live|archive-date=9 August 2013|title=Don't blame the audience for poor run of Marathi films in Vidarbha: Mahesh Kothare|last=Phadke|first=Aparna|date=6 June 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=7 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="Kulkarni">{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-01/news-interviews/34178135_1_m-town-marathi-film-3d|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206230400/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-01/news-interviews/34178135_1_m-town-marathi-film-3d|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 December 2013|title=M-Town is ready to scare with 'Zapatlela 2'|last=Kulkarni|first=Pooja|date=1 October 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=7 June 2013}}</ref> [[Mahesh Kothare]] has also announced plans for a third installment, set for theatrical release in 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-18 |title=Superhit Marathi Horror-comedy Franchise Zapatlela To Return With Third Instalment |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/superhit-marathi-horror-comedy-franchise-zapatlela-to-return-with-third-instalment-8857353.html |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

==Plot==
[[Zapatlela (film series)#Kubdya Khavis|Kubdya Khavis]] ([[Abhijeet Chavan]]), the former [[sidekick]] of [[Tatya Vinchu]], is shown to have escaped from the prison and retrieved the puppet which contained the [[soul]] of Tatya Vinchu. He takes the puppet of the mansion of the [[Wizard (fantasy)|wizard]], [[Zapatlela (film series)#Baba Chamatkar|Baba Chamatkar]] ([[Raghavendra Kadkol]]), and orders him to revive Tatya Vinchu again. Kubdya Khavis admits that the diamonds worth [[Indian rupee|₹]]5 [[crore]] which are now worth ₹50 crore were stolen by him and Tatya Vinchu but only Tatya Vinchu knew their location. Kubdya Khavis plans to find out the location of the diamonds and kill Tatya Vinchu again and also offers Baba Chamatkar half of the cost of the diamonds in return for reviving Tatya. However, Baba Chamatkar refuses to commit the same mistake again, causing an infuriated Kubdya Khavis to attempt to kill him with a ''[[Trishula|trishul]]'' (a weapon which looks like a [[trident]]), but Baba Chamatkar uses the same weapon to kill Kubdya Khavis instead. A drop of Kubdya Khavis' blood is accidentally transferred towards the puppet which resuscitates Tatya Vinchu. Tatya Vinchu confronts Baba Chamatkar and forces him to tell how to migrate his soul into a human body. Baba Chamatkar resists in thee victim (Tatya Vinchu) must make use of the ''[[Tatya Vinchu#Powers and abilities|Mrutyunjaya Mantra]]'' on the person to whom he has confessed his identity, but now that the person, [[Laxmikant Bolke|Lakshya]] (portrayed by [[Laxmikant Berde]] in the prequel) is deceased, the same ''[[mantra]]'' can be used on his son. Tatya Vinchu vows to find Lakshya's son and transfer his soul into his body.

Meanwhile, at the village of Shrirangpur, a ''[[Jatra (Maharashtra)|jatra]]'' (Indian village [[fair]]) has been organized dedicated to the village deity. [[Zapatlela (film series)#Aditya Bolke|Aditya Bolke]] ([[Adinath Kothare]]), the son of the late Lakshya and [[Zapatlela (film series)#Aavdi|Aavdi]] (portrayed by [[Pooja Pawar]] in the prequel), is a mechanical engineer without a job, and like his father, is thoroughly interested in ventriloquism, and lives with his grandmother, [[Zapatlela (film series)#Parubai Bolke|Parubai]] ([[Madhu Kambikar]]). Aditya meets Megha ([[Sonalee Kulkarni]]), who is on a vacation and is a [[lavani]] dancer at her mother's ([[Vishakha Subhedar]]) theatre within the fair. Aditya and Megha fall in love with each other. Meanwhile, Makarand ([[Makarand Anaspure]]) has set up his puppet show and wishes to make a healthy profit from this fair. He has created a puppet which resembles Tatya Vinchu, after hearing the local legend, although he himself is skeptic about it.

Aditya frequently tries to meet Makarand and learn about ventriloquism, but is challenged by the puppet show's security guard ([[Deepak Shirke]]), and the chase often ends up funnily. Gauri Wagh ([[Sai Tamhankar]]) is a journalist and has arrived at Shrirangpur to cover a report on the fair. Meanwhile, Tatya Vinchu arrives at the fair and identifies Aditya as the son of Lakshya. Gauri, in a small incident, discovers that the puppet is, in fact, alive. Aditya accidentally gets hold of Tatya Vinchu, and after taking it home, discovers that the puppet is alive. However, being an engineer, Aditya believes that the puppet contains a tape recorder.

Meanwhile, [[Police Commissioner of Mumbai|Mumbai Police Commissioner]] [[Zapatlela (film series)#Mahesh Jadhav|Mahesh Jadhav]] ([[Mahesh Kothare]]) investigates the death of Kubdya Khavis and is notified that Baba Chamatkar (who had passed into a [[coma]] after being confronted by Tatya), has regained consciousness. Baba Chamatkar reveals to Mahesh that Tatya Vinchu has in fact been revived, leading Mahesh to instruct the police at Shrirangpur to find the puppet. Mahesh then travels to Shrirangpur and meets [[Inspector]] Sakharam ([[Vijay Chavan]]), who appeared as a constable in the prequel. Sakharam tells Mahesh that the puppet has been located (which is in fact the replica created by Makarand) and the police destroy the puppet in a bonfire.

On the last day of the fair, Makarand is confronted by Tatya Vinchu, who threatens him at knifepoint and takes him to Aditya's house. He confronts Parubai, who runs to Inspector Sakharam and tells him that Tatya Vinchu is on his way to Aditya, who is at a religious procession at the fair. Tatya Vinchu makes his way to Aditya who travels up the [[Ferris wheel|giant wheel]] to save himself, but the giant wheel gets stuck. Tatya Vinchu climbs up to Aditya and tries to recite the ''mantra'' on Aditya. However, Mahesh, who has been communicated by Sakharam, arrives at the scene on time and shoots Tatya Vinchu between his two eyebrows. Tatya Vinchu falls down, and is picked up by Mahesh, but Tatya Vinchu revives and uses Mahesh's gun to shoot him in the arm non-fatally. Tatya Vinchu begins to climb up the giant wheel and reach Aditya again, but Aditya picks up a coconut knife and severes Tatya Vinchu's head. Mahesh finds Tatya Vinchu's headless body and orders the police that the case is not closed until the severed head is found. In the closing scene, the police drive Mahesh away to take him to the hospital, while Tatya Vinchu's severed head under Mahesh's car is shown to be raising his eyebrows.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Adinath Kothare]] as [[Zapatlela (film series)#Aditya Bolke|Aditya Bolke]]
* [[Dilip Prabhavalkar]] as the voice of [[Tatya Vinchu]]
* [[Sonalee Kulkarni]] as Megha Satarkar
* [[Sai Tamhankar]] as Reporter Gauri Wagh
* [[Makarand Anaspure]] as Ventriloquist Makarand Vatvate
* [[Vishakha Subhedar]] as Champabai Satarkar; Megha's mother
* [[Madhu Kambikar]] as [[Zapatlela (film series)#Parubai Bolke|Parubai Bolke]]; Aditya's grandmother
* [[Mahesh Kothare]] as [[Police Commissioner of Mumbai|Mumbai Police Commissioner]] [[Inspector Mahesh Jadhav|Mahesh Jadhav]]
* Raghvendra Kadkol as [[Zapatlela (film series)#Baba Chamatkar|Baba Chamatkar]]
* [[Vijay Chavan]] as [[Inspector]] Sakharam
* Umesh Tonpe as Aditya's friend
* [[Abhijeet Chavan]] as [[Zapatlela (film series)#Kubdya Khavis|Kubdya Khavis]] (Tatya Vinchu's [[sidekick]])
* [[Jitendra Joshi]] as Vinayak Chitre/ V.Chitre ([[Cameo Appearance]])
}}

==Production==
===Development===
The script of the film was penned by Mahesh Kothare and Ashok Patole, with Ashok Patole also responsible for writing the dialogues.<ref name="no strings attached">{{cite news |last1=Swami |first1=Rohan |title=No Strings Attached |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/no-strings-attached/1129554/ |access-date=18 October 2021 |work=The Indian Express |date=16 Jun 2013 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012162908/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/no-strings-attached/1129554/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Kothare aimed to update the narrative for modern audiences while retaining the essence of the original.<ref name=":0" /> In October 2012, the [[muhurta]] ceremony took place at N. D. Studio in [[Karjat]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-10-15 |title=थ्रीडीमध्ये झपाटलेला भाग-२ |url=https://www.loksatta.com/uncategorized/cut-it-zapatlela-tatya-vinchu-mahesh-kothare-adinath-kothare-sonali-kulkarni-marathi-movie-5064/ |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2017-01-10 |title=Glorious muhurat of Marathi movie 'Zapatlela 2' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/glorious-muhurat-of-marathi-movie-zapatlela-2/articleshow/16638785.cms |access-date=2024-11-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

The film was the first Marathi [[3D film|3D]] film, marking a major milestone in regional cinema.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |date=2013-06-07 |title=Cinema gets an extra dimension, and bigger bucks with 3D |url=https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/T0eSsGeCFAL0IQz1pq8XQP/Cinema-gets-an-extra-dimension-and-bigger-bucks-with-3D.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203194856/https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/T0eSsGeCFAL0IQz1pq8XQP/Cinema-gets-an-extra-dimension-and-bigger-bucks-with-3D.html |archive-date=3 December 2024 |access-date=2025-01-19 |work=mint |language=en }}</ref> Mahesh Kothare decided to shoot the entire film in 3D, utilizing a 4K resolution camera, which was the first time an Indian film had been shot in this format.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-12 |title=Don't blame the audience for poor run of Marathi films in Vidarbha: Mahesh Kothare |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/dont-blame-the-audience-for-poor-run-of-marathi-films-in-vidarbha-mahesh-kothare/articleshow/20444107.cms |access-date=2025-01-19 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Enrique Criado, a Spanish stereographer, was brought on board to handle [[3D stereography]] and special effects.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2013-05-27 |title=Marathi Cinema goes 3D; Zapatlela 2 to release on 7th June 2013: In Talks with the Director, Mahesh Kothare - |url=https://www.animationxpress.com/animation/marathi-cinema-goes-3d-zapatlela-2-to-release-on-7th-june-2013-in-talks-with-the-director-mahesh-kothare/ |access-date=2025-01-19 |website=Animation Express |language=en-US}}</ref> Around ₹1.7 crore was spent on 3D and visual effects.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/1-3-cr-spent-on-Lokmanyas-visual-effects/articleshow/45473283.cms |title=1.3 cr spent on Lokmanya's visual effects |website=The Times of India |access-date=2 October 2020 |archive-date=1 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101085307/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/1-3-cr-spent-on-Lokmanyas-visual-effects/articleshow/45473283.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The film makers used Quasar Rig and Split Beam Technology to achieve the desired 3D effect. Suresh Deshmane served as the cinematographer, while [[Avadhoot Gupte]] composed the music and [[Guru Thakur]] wrote the lyrics. Nitin Chandrakant Desai was responsible for production design, and choreography was handled by Umesh Jadhav and Phulva Khamkar.<ref name=":0" />

===Casting===

[[Mahesh Kothare]], [[Madhu Kambikar]], [[Vijay Chavan]], and Raghvendra Kadkol have reprised their respective roles. [[Adinath Kothare]] took a central role in the film, joined by actors [[Sonalee Kulkarni]], [[Makarand Anaspure]], and [[Sai Tamhankar]]. [[Jitendra Joshi]] makes a cameo appearance.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-13 |title=Mahesh trusts Indian artistes for Zapatlela 3 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/mahesh-ropes-in-indian-vfx-artistes-for-zapatlela-3/articleshow/46976794.cms |access-date=2025-01-19 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The iconic character of [[Zapatlela (film series)#Kubdya Khavis|Kubdya Khavis]], originally portrayed by [[Bipin Varti]], is now played by [[Abhijeet Chavan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=नवा कुबड्या |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/interview/-/articleshow/19907126.cms |access-date=2025-01-19 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref> The puppet [[Tatya Vinchu]], originally voiced by [[Dilip Prabhavalkar]], reprised his role in ''Zapatlela 2''. [[Ramdas Padhye]], the ventriloquist and puppeteer who created and operated the original Tatya Vinchu, designed a more advanced puppet for the sequel.<ref name="no strings attached"/> The team used [[animatronics]], [[Computer-generated imagery|CGI]], and [[Visual effects|VFX]] to bring Tatya Vinchu to life.<ref name=":0" />

===Filming===

The entire production was completed in just 36 days.<ref name=":0" />

==Release==

===Theatrical===

The film was released on 7 June 2013 in theatres.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shirke |first=Ullhas |date=2013-06-07 |title='Zapatlela 2' is more of fantasy than a scary film |url=https://marathimovieworld.com/review/zapatlela2-movie-review.php |access-date=2025-01-19 |website=Marathi Movie World |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Marketing and distribution===

[[Star Studios|Fox Star Studios]] handled the marketing and distribution. The marketing team was led by Niraj Josh.<ref name=":1" />

==Reception==
A reviewer from ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3.5 stars out of 5 stars and highlights that "Zapatlela 2" is an entertaining mix of comedy, thrills, and effective 3D effects. He appreciate the balance between humor and the chilling presence of the puppet [[Tatya Vinchu]], noting that the film is family-friendly and features strong performances, especially from Adinath Kothare. While some parts may distract from the main plot, the overall execution keeps the audience engaged and laughing.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Zapatlela 2 - 3D Movie Review |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/zapatlela-2-3d/movie-review/20488958.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-05-01 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=1 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501003135/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/zapatlela-2-3d/movie-review/20488958.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> Saumitra Pote of ''[[Maharashtra Times]]'' gave 2.5 stars out of 5 stars, wants to convey that the film impresses with its exceptional 3D technology and visual appeal, making it a captivating experience. However, it falls short in terms of story, screenplay, and dialogue, lacking coherence and depth. While it offers nostalgic connections to the first film and features notable performances.<ref>{{Cite web |title=तंत्रज्ञानाने झपाटलेला... |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/zapatlela-2-review/moviereview/20486450.cms |access-date=2023-11-01 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr |archive-date=1 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101013205/https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/zapatlela-2-review/moviereview/20486450.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Zapatlela 2
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Avdhoot Gupte]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = May 2013
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 21:57
| language = Marathi
| label = [[Viacom 18 Motion Pictures]]
| producer =
| prev_title = [[Tukaram]]
| prev_year = 2012
| next_title = [[Rege]]
| next_year = 2014
}}
The film's soundtrack was composed by [[Avdhoot Gupte]], with lyrics penned by [[Guru Thakur]]. The film's title theme track was composed by Aniruddha Kale.

===Track list===

{| class="wikitable"

! No. !! Title !! Singer(s) !! Length
|-
| 1 || "Kalajat Mukkam Kela" || [[Vaishali Samant]] || 4:34
|-
| 2 || "Madanike" || [[Avadhoot Gupte]], Janhvi Prabhu Arora || 4:25
|-
| 3 || "Gajmukha" (Version 1) || Avadhoot Gupte, Vaishali Samant || 4:21
|-
| 4 || "Gajmukha" (Version 2) || Avadhoot Gupte, Vaishali Samant, [[Swapnil Bandodkar]] || 6:45
|-
| 5 || "Zapatlela" Theme || Avadhoot Gupte || 2:32
|}

== Sequel ==
''Zapatlela 3'' aka ''Zapatlela Mi Tatya Vinchu,'' In 2017, [[Mahesh Kothare]] announced his plans to create Zapatlela 3 aka Zapatlela Mi Tatya Vinchu, revealing that it is scheduled for a theatrical release in 2025.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt3319518|Zapatlela 2}}
*{{Rotten Tomatoes|zapatlela_2}}

{{Vaicom18 Studios}}

[[Category:Zapatlela (film series)]]
[[Category:2013 films]]
[[Category:2013 3D films]]
[[Category:2013 comedy horror films]]
[[Category:2013 Indian films]]
[[Category:2013 thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian 3D films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy horror films]]
[[Category:Indian horror thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian sequel films]]
[[Category:Police films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Maharashtra Police]]
[[Category:Films set in the 21st century]]
[[Category:Films about haunted dolls]]
[[Category:Films about murderers]]
[[Category:Films about Voodoo]]
[[Category:Films about wizards]]
[[Category:2013 Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:Marathi-language science fiction films]]
[[Category:Puppet films]]
[[Category:Marathi-language comedy horror films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Mahesh Kothare]]
[[Category:Viacom18 Studios films]]

Amolak Singh

2026-04-07T00:57:45Z

Shailendra: put up a bio...

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name =
| image =
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| order =
| office = [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]], [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| term_end = 
| constituency = [[Jaitu Assembly constituency|Jaitu]]
| majority = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| predecessor =
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| party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
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| blank1 =
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}}
'''Amolak Singh''' is an Indian politician and the MLA representing the [[Jaitu Assembly constituency]] in the [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]]. He is a member of the [[Aam Aadmi Party]].<ref name="List Financialexpress">{{cite news |title=Punjab election 2022, Punjab election results 2022, Punjab election winners list, Punjab election 2022 full list of winners, Punjab election winning candidates, Punjab election 2022 winners, Punjab election 2022 winning candidates constituency wise |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/punjab-assembly-election-results-2022-check-full-list-of-winners-constituency-wise-complete-list-of-punjab-results-2022-bjp-congress-akali-dal-aap/2456066/ |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref name="2022 Winner list">{{cite news |title=All Winners List of Punjab Assembly Election 2022 {{!}} Punjab Vidhan Sabha Elections |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2022/punjab/all-winners/ |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=News18 |language=en}}</ref> He was elected as the MLA in the [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Punjab election 2022 result constituency-wise: Check full list of winners |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/punjab-assembly-election/punjab-election-result-2022-check-constituency-wise-leading-trailing-candidates-full-list-of-winners-aap-bhagwant-mann-congress-charanjit-singh-channi-bjp-akalis-election-news-today-101646877618898.html |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=10 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

==Member of Legislative Assembly==
He represents the [[Jaitu Assembly constituency]] as MLA in Punjab Assembly. The Aam Aadmi Party gained a strong 79% majority in the [[sixteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly]] by winning 92 out of [[List of constituencies of the Punjab Legislative Assembly|117 seats]] in the [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]]. MP [[Bhagwant Mann]] was sworn in as [[List of chief ministers of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister]] on 16 March 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=16 March 2022 |title=AAP's Bhagwant Mann sworn in as Punjab Chief Minister |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/punjab-assembly/aaps-bhagwant-mann-sworn-in-as-punjab-cm/article65230309.ece |access-date=22 March 2022 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

;[[16th Punjab Assembly#Committees|Committee assignments of Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
*Member (2022–23) [[Punjab Assembly Committee on Estimates|Committee on Estimates]]<ref name="List Public Accounts">{{cite web |title=vidhan Sabha |url=http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=35&Itemid=119 |website=punjabassembly.nic.in}}</ref>
*Member (2022–23) [[Punjab Assembly Committee on Papers laid/to be laid on the table and Library|Committee on Papers laid/to be laid on the table and Library]]<ref name="Committee on Papers">{{cite web |title=vidhan Sabha |url=http://punjabassembly.gov.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=32&Itemid=119 |website=punjabassembly.nic.in}}</ref>

==Electoral performance ==
{{transcluded section|source=Jaitu Assembly constituency}}
{{#section:Jaitu Assembly constituency|Assembly Election 2022}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-la}}
{{IN MLA box
| state= Punjab
| constituency= Jaitu
| before= -
| after=
| years= [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]] – }}
{{s-end}}
{{Aam Aadmi Party |state=expanded}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Amolak}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Aam Aadmi Party politicians from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{PunjabIN-AAP-politician-stub}}

Kapadvanj Assembly constituency

2026-03-30T19:12:38Z

Shailendra:

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Gujarat State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kapadvanj
| mla = [[Rajeshkumar Zala | Rajeshkumar Maganbhai Zala]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| state = Gujarat
| district = [[Kheda district|Kheda]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Kheda Lok Sabha constituency|Kheda]]
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:299625}}<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14750-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 18 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|2}}
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 120
}}

'''Kapadvanj''' is one of the 182 [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Gujarat]] state in [[India]].<ref name=gjceo>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125011107/http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |url=http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2014 |title=Parliament / Assembly constituency wise PS & Electors Detail - Draft Roll - 2014 |access-date= 1 June 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly Constituency and Their Extent |date=12 December 2006 |website=Election Commission of India |publisher=Delimitation Commission of India |pages=2–31 |format=PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 }}</ref> It is part of [[Kheda district|Kheda]] district.

== List of segments ==
This assembly seat represents the following segments :<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly Constituency and Their Extent |date=12 December 2006 |website=Election Commission of India |publisher=Delimitation Commission of India |pages=2–31 |format=PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |archive-date= 5 March 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 }}</ref>

# Kapadvanj [[Taluka]] (Part) Villages – Aboch, Abvel, Aghatna Muvada, Alampur, Alawa, [[Ambaliyara]], Antroli, Atarsumba, Bavano Math, Betawada, Bhailakui, Bhoja Na Muvada, Bhungaliya, Bobha, Dadana Muvada, Dahiyap, Dana, Dandiyapur, Dasalvada, Deradi Pavathi, Dhuliya Vasna, Fatiyabad, Fuljina Muvada, Hamirpura, Jagdupur, Jambudi, Jaloya, Kabhaina Muvada, Kalaji, Kapadvanj (M), Karkariya, Kevadiya, Khanpur, Kosam, Kotwalna Muvada, Ladujina Muvada, Lal Mandva, Lalpur, Lalpur (Nirmali), Mahamadpura, Mirapur, Moti Zer, Nani Zer, Narshipur, Nathana Muvada, Navagam, Nikol, [[Nirmali]], Palaiya, Pirojpur, [[Punadra]], [[Rampura (Sundervadi)]], Rozavada, Salod, Shihora, Singali, Singpur, Sorna, Sultanpur (Taiyabpur), Taiyabpur, Talpoda, Telnar, Thunchal, Torna, Ukardina Muvada, Vadali, Vaghajipur, Vaghavat, [[Vasna (Borsad)|Vasna]], Vavna Muvada, Vyasjina Muvada, Vyas Vasna, Zanda
# Kathlal Taluka – Entire taluka ''except villages – Charan Nikol, Fagvel, Fulchhatrapura, Ladvel, Lasundra, Laxmanpura, Porda Fagvel, Sikandar Porda, Vishvnathpura''
# Mahudha Taluka (Part) Village – Khandivav

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!Picture
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[1980 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|Budhaji Chuhan ||
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1985 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|Budhaji Chuhan ||
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1990 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|Ratansinh Rathod ||
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1995 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|Manibhai Devjibhai Patel ||
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1998 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|[[Bimal Shah]]||
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2002 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
|[[Bimal Shah]]||
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2007 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|Manibhai Devjibhai Patel ||
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|[[Shankersinh Vaghela]] ||
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| [[Dabhi Kalabhai Raijibhai]]<ref name=election2017/> ||
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| [[Rajeshkumar Zala|Rajeshkumar Maganbhai Zala]]||
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Election results==
=== 2022 ===
<section begin="Assembly Election 2022"/>
{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Assembly election, 2022]]:Kapadvanj Assembly constituency }}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Rajeshkumar Zala]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=112,036|percentage=53.97|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Kalabhai Raijibhai Dabhi|party=Indian National Congress|votes=80,158|percentage=38.62|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Manubhai Patel<ref>{{cite news |title=AAP's 6th List For Gujarat Polls Out, 73 Names Out Of 182 Seats Revealed |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/aaps-6th-list-for-gujarat-polls-out-73-names-out-of-182-seats-revealed-3450225 |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=NDTV.com |date=21 October 2022}}</ref>|party=Aam Aadmi Party|votes=8,901|percentage=4.29|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above]]|party=None of the above|votes=3,223|percentage=1.55|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=|percentage=15.35|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:295584}}
|ref=<ref name="Gujarat Elections ECI">{{cite web |title=Gujarat Legislative Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/72-gujarat/ |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2022" />

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Legislative Assembly Election, 2017]]: Kapadvanj<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3841-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2017 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 11 July 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = Kalabhai Dabhi
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 85,195
|percentage = 42.67
|change = -5.89
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Kanubhai Dabhi
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 57,969
|percentage = 29.04
|change = -15.91
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Bimal Shah]]
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 46,928
|percentage = 23.51
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 27,226
|percentage = 13.63
|change = +10.02
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,99,642
|percentage = 73.21
|change = -2.04
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|

|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Assembly Election, 2012]]: Kapadvanj<ref name=election2012>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3840-gujarat-2012/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2012 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 11 July 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Shankersinh Vaghela|party=Indian National Congress|votes=88641|percentage=48.56|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Kanubhai Dabhi|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=82,044|percentage=44.95|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=6,597|percentage=3.61|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=182,529|percentage=75.25|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
* [[List of constituencies of Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Gujarat Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/72-gujarat/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Gujarat|state=expanded}}
{{Gujarat elections|state=collapsed}}

{{coord|23.02|73.07|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Kheda district]]
[[Category:Politics of Gujarat]]

Better Half Chi Love Story

2026-03-28T05:53:43Z

Shailendra: put up details

{{Short description|2025 Marathi-language film by Sanjay Amar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Better Half Chi Love Story
| image =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Sanjay Amar]]
| writer = [[Sanjay Amar]]
| producer = Rajat Agrawal
| starring = [[Subodh Bhave]] [[Rinku Rajguru]] [[Prarthana Behere]]
| editing = Prakash Jha
| cinematography = [[Sanjay Amar]]
| music = Sajan Patel Ameya Nare
| studio = Rajat Media & Entertainment
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2025|08|22}}
| budget =
| runtime = 108 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |title=BETTER HALF CHI LOVESTORY |url=https://cbfcindia.gov.in/cbfcAdmin/search-result.php?recid=Q0EwMTEwMTIyMDI0MDAyNTU= |access-date=2026-02-13 |website=[[Central Board of Film Certification]]}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Marathi
}}
'''''Better Half Chi Love Story''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language [[Romantic comedy|romantic comedy film]] written, cinematographed and directed by [[Sanjay Amar]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kadam |first=Shruti Vilas |date=2025-08-09 |title=Better half chi love story: लव्हस्टोरी, घोस्ट आणि कॉमेडीचा धमाका; 'बेटर-हाफची लव्हस्टोरी'चा भन्नाट ट्रेलर प्रदर्शित |url=https://saamtv.esakal.com/entertainment/better-half-chi-love-story-marathi-movie-trailer-has-been-released-subodh-bhave-rinku-rajguru-prarthana-behera-aniket-vishwasrao-svk01 |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=Marathi News {{!}} Saam TV |language=mr}}</ref> The film stars [[Subodh Bhave]], [[Rinku Rajguru]], and [[Prarthana Behere]] in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-17 |title="सुबोध भावे व रिंकू राजगुरू यांच्यात वयाचं अंतर जास्त आहे", 'बेटर-हाफची लव्हस्टोरी'वर नेटकऱ्याची कमेंट; अभिनेत्री म्हणाली, "वय बघून…" |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/marathi-cinema/rinku-rajguru-on-huge-age-gap-between-her-and-subodh-bhave-in-better-half-chi-love-story-movie-nsp-98-5310321/ |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref> It follows a widower whose life turns chaotic when his late wife's spirit possesses half his body, preventing him from moving on and falling in love again.<ref>{{Cite web |title=बायको गेली पण ड्रामा बाकी! रिंकू राजगुरू आणि सुबोध भावे यांची हटके Love Story; प्रार्थनासोबत लव्ह ट्रँगल? |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/rinku-rajguru-subodh-bhave-and-prathana-behere-upcoming-movie-better-half-chi-love-story-teaser-out/articleshow/122884886.cms |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=मृत्यूनंतरही बायकोचे हट्ट संपेना, भूत होऊन देतेय त्रास! रिंकू राजगुरू-सुबोध भावेची हटके 'लव्ह स्टोरी' |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/rinku-rajguru-subodh-bhave-and-prarthana-behere-movie-better-half-chi-love-story-trailer-out/articleshow/123187918.cms |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref>

The film was released theatrically on 22 August 2025 and received mixed to negative reviews from critics.<ref>{{Cite web |last=KalakrutiMedia |first=Team |date=2025-07-25 |title=Better Half Chi Love Story Teaser: "सुबोध भावे, रिंकू राजगुरू,प्रार्थना बेहरे २२ ऑगस्टपासून सिनेमागृहात उडणार करमणुकीचा तडका! |url=https://kalakrutimedia.com/better-half-chi-love-story-teaser-out-subodh-bhave-rinku-rajguru-and-prarthana-behere-star-in-a-quirky-romantic-mystery-info/ |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=Kalakruti Media |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Information |first=Film |date=2025-08-22 |title=‘BETTER-HALF CHI LOVE STORY’ (MARATHI) REVIEW {{!}} 22 August 2025 |url=https://filminformation.com/featured/better-half-chi-love-story-marathi-review-22-august-2025/ |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=Film Information |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Ajay Patil, a successful copywriter, appears to lead a stable married life, but his relationship with his wife Sonia is strained by constant mistrust and conflict. Sonia is overly suspicious and controlling, particularly regarding Ajay's professional association with his boss, Mona Mondkar, whom she believes he has romantic feelings for. She also resents Ajay's close friendship with his best friend, Bhagwan Kale, further escalating tensions within the marriage.

The conflict reaches a tragic point when a heated argument between Ajay and Sonia leads to her accidental death. Believing himself freed from the oppressive relationship, Ajay attempts to move on with his life. However, his relief is short-lived when Sonia's vengeful spirit returns and possesses half of his body, preventing him from finding peace. As Ajay begins to develop feelings for Mona, he is forced to contend with the supernatural turmoil caused by Sonia's lingering presence, which continues to control his life even after death.

== Cast ==
*[[Subodh Bhave]] as Ajay Patil
*[[Rinku Rajguru]] as Sonia Patil
*[[Prarthana Behere]] as Mona Mondkar
*[[Aniket Vishwasrao]] as Bhagwan Kale
*Ganesh Yadav as Dhundiraj
*Akshaya Shetty as Kishori Kalsekar
*Satish Samudre as ACP Bhosle
*Aslam R. Wadkar as Sonia's Father
*Deepti Jadhav as Sonia's Mother
*Akshay Dandekar as Ritesh
*Kishor Chaugule as Police Inspector Mandar Phophale
*Ajitha Kulkarni as a Film Star

== Music ==
The film's soundtrack and background score were composed by Sajan Patel and Ameya Nare.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kadam |first=Shruti Vilas |date=2025-08-12 |title=Better half chi love story: सोनू निगमच्या सुरेल आवाजाची जादू; 'बेटर-हाफची लव्हस्टोरी' मधील 'तूच आहे' हे हृदयस्पर्शी गाणं प्रदर्शित |url=https://saamtv.esakal.com/entertainment/the-emotional-song-tuch-ahe-from-marathi-film-better-half-chi-lovestory-has-been-released-song-is-picturised-on-subodh-bhave-svk01 |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=Marathi News {{!}} Saam TV |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kulkarni |first=Apurva |date=2025-07-31 |title=रिंकू राजगुरु आणि सुबोध भावेंची लव्हस्टोरी, ‘पालतू फालतू’ गाण्यातून दिसला रोमॅंटिक अंदाज |url=https://www.esakal.com/premier/better-half-love-story-song-paltu-faltu-subodh-bhave-rinku-rajguru-marathi-movie-romantic-track-viral-amk08 |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=Marathi News Esakal |language=mr}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 10:15
| title1 = Kaa Aaj Me
| length1 = 2:37
| lyrics1 = [[Sanjay Amar]]
| extra1 = Harshavardhan Wavare
| title2 = Tuch Aahe
| length2 = 2:36
| lyrics2 = [[Sanjay Amar]]
| extra2 = [[Sonu Nigam]]
| title3 = Paaltu Faaltu
| length3 = 2:27
| lyrics3 = [[Sanjay Amar]], Sajan Patel
| extra3 = [[Avadhoot Gupte]]
| title4 = Na Kalale Kadhi Tula
| length4 = 2:35
| lyrics4 = [[Sanjay Amar]], Sajan Patel
| extra4 = [[Bela Shende]], Harshavardhan Wavare
}}

== Release ==
===Theatrical===
''Better Half Chi Love Story'' was released theatrically on 22 August 2025 across [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=नवले |first=मयुर |date=2025-07-19 |title=‘बेटर-हाफची लव्हस्टोरी’ चित्रपटात सुबोध भावे, प्रार्थना बेहेरे आणि रिंकू राजगुरू पहिल्यांदाच एकत्र, केव्हा होणार प्रदर्शित? |url=https://www.navarashtra.com/movies/marathi/subodh-bhave-prarthana-behere-and-rinku-rajguru-starer-marathi-film-better-half-chi-love-story-releasing-on-22-august-2025-935270.html |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=Navarashtra |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kadam |first=Shruti Vilas |date=2025-07-18 |title=Marathi Movie: सुबोध भावे, प्रार्थना बेहेरे आणि रिंकू राजगुरचा लव्ह ट्रँगल; 'बेटर-हाफची लव्हस्टोरी' लवकरच प्रेक्षकांच्या भेटीला |url=https://saamtv.esakal.com/entertainment/better-half-chi-love-story-marathi-movie-subodh-bhave-prarthana-behere-and-rinku-rajgur-love-triangle-svk01 |access-date=2026-02-13 |website=[[Saam TV]] |language=mr}}</ref>

===Home media===
The film premiered on the Ultra Jhakaas OTT platform on 19 September 2025 and was later made available for rent on [[Amazon Prime Video]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-17 |title=सुबोध भावे, रिंकू राजगुरू अन् प्रार्थना बेहेरे यांचा 'बेटर-हाफची लव्हस्टोरी' सिनेमा OTT वर, कधी व कुठे पाहता येणार? पाहा... |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/marathi-cinema/better-half-chi-love-story-ott-release-where-to-watch-subodh-bhave-prarthana-behere-and-rinku-rajguru-movie-know-more-ssm-00-5379965/ |access-date=2026-02-13 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rinku Rajguru आणि सुबोध भावेची 'बेटर हाफची लव्हस्टोरी' आता ओटीटीवर, इथे पाहता येणार सिनेमा |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/rinku-rajguru-subodh-bhave-prarthana-behere-better-half-chi-love-story-movie-on-ott/articleshow/124014815.cms |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref>

==Reception==
Anub George of ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote, “''Better Half Chi Love Story'' is a fun plot that suffers from shoddy execution,” and rated the film 2 out of 5 stars.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Better Half Chi Love Story Movie Review: a fun plot that suffers from shoddy execution. |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/better-half-chi-love-story/movie-review/124520801.cms |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> A reviewer from ''Film Information'' criticised the film, stating that “Sanjay Amar has written a story and screenplay, which lack conviction.”<ref name=":0" />

Anupama Gunde of ''[[Pudhari]]'' says that the actors deliver strong performances, especially [[Subodh Bhave]] and [[Rinku Rajguru]], and that this film is worth watching as it helps strengthen the emotional bond between husband and wife.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-24 |title=Better Half Movie Review : नवरा-बायकोच्या नात्यांची गोष्ट ‘बेटर हाफ’ |url=https://pudhari.news/soneri/better-half-marathi-play-husband-wife-relationship-ab96 |access-date=2026-02-13 |website=Pudhari News |language=mr}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=35165039}}

[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian supernatural films]]
[[Category:Marathi-language romantic comedy films]]

Kurava

2026-03-27T21:04:43Z

Shailendra: added new post more to come!

{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{lead rewrite|date=August 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox ethnic group|
|group=Kurava
|image=
|popplace= [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Kerala]]
|langs= [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Malayalam]], [[Kakkala language|Kakkala]]
|rels= [[Hinduism]]
|related= [[Tamil people]]
}}

The '''Kuravas''' also called '''Kakkalas''' is an ethnic [[Tamil people|Tamil]] community native to the [[Kurinji]] mountain region of [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Kerala]], India.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.languageinindia.com/july2013/ravisankarkeralatriballanguages.pdf | title=Tribal Languages of Kerala | website=www.languageinindia.com}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
The "Kuravan" is a Tamil word which "guru avar" means "Leader"

== Ethnonym ==
The "Kuravan" is a Tamil word which means "uyarnthavan" or "Thalaivan" means "Leader"

People of this community are called with different names in different parts of South India. They are called as Yerukula in [[Andhra Pradesh]] (derived from the tradition of fortune telling by the women),<ref>{{cite book|title=Primitive tribes in contemporary India: concept, ethnography and demography|publisher=Mittal Publications|year=2005|ISBN=81-8324-026-7|editor-last=Chaudhuri|editor-first=Sarit Kumar|volume=2|pages=263|editor2-last=Chaudhuri|editor2-first=Sucheta Sen}}</ref> Korama, Korachas in [[Karnataka]], Kaikadi in [[Maharashtra]], and Sidanar in [[Kerala]].The gothras among all these communities is the same, i.e. Kavadiyar, Sathupadi, Maanipadi and Meluthar. They are also known as Malai Kuruvans, Kuravan, Thalaiyaris, Kavalkara koravars, uppu koravars, Dabi kuravar(simbu kuravar), Gandarvakottai kuravar, Inji kuravar, Koravas, Kalinji Dabikoravas, Kala kuravar.

==History==

The word "'''Kuravan'''" means "'''uyarnthavan'''" or "'''Thalaivan'''" means "'''Leader'''" and from Tamil Sangam period (Dated 300 BCE – c. 300 CE [[Sangam period]]) this community mentioned in many Tamil epics. Examples: [[Tolkāppiyam]], [[Silapathikaram|Silapathigaram]], [[Purananuru]], Kutrala Kuravanji and more. They were ruling the Mountain (Kurunji) lands, Kannapa Nayanar(கண்ணப்ப நாயனார் குறவர்) one of the '''Nayanars''' (or '''Nayanmars'''; [[Tamil language|Tamil]]:நாயன்மார், romanized: ''Nāyaṉmār'', [[Literal translation|lit.]] 'hounds of Siva', and later 'teachers of Siva') were a group of 63 saints living in [[Tamil Nadu]] during the 6th to 8th centuries CE who were devoted to the Hindu god [[Shiva]].), and there are so many poet and warriors who lived in this community.

According to Hindu mythology, [[Murugan]], Tamil god, is a Kuravan, he is the God of the (Kurinji) mountains, and his wife [[Valli]] also a Kurathi.

Kuravar is an ancient clan mentioned in the [[Sangam literature|Sangam]] literature, along with Kallar and Maravar. Kuravar were amongst the inhabitants of Kurinji land as "the hunters and the gatherers, the people of foothills" along with Poruppan (the soldiers), Verpan (the leaders of the tribe / weaponists), Silamban (masters of martial arts / the art of fighting), and Kaanavar (the people of the mountainous forests).

The ''kula theivam'' was a clan god in Kurava and was [[Murugan]]. it was assumed[''[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch#Unsupported attributions|by whom?]]''] to be one of the gods of ancient Tamil country. the clan inhabited the mountainous regions of Tamil Nadu and used bamboo grass in large quantities. During their hunting and gathering stage, they used bamboos against animals. In a later Civilized settlement stage, Kuravas also used bamboos as a self-defence weapon which, later was transformed into [[silambattam]] of Tamil country. The self-defence art with a [[silambattam]] is still considered to be a known and appreciated fighting art of Maravars, Kallars who are the other native people of Tamil country.

During the first quarter of the 12th century AD, areas of Kanyakumari district were brought under the fold of several kings: Konanki Kuravar, Bommayya Kuravar and Nanchil Kuravar. {{Infobox settlement
| name = Ramakkalmedu
| population_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 981.07
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| unit_pref = Metric
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 685552
| area_code = 04868
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#KL.E2.80.94Kerala|KL]]-69, [[List of RTO districts in India#KL.E2.80.94Kerala|KL]]-37
| website =
| area_footnotes =
| governing_body = Karunapuram grama panchayath
| other_name =
| coordinates = {{coord|9|47|59|N|77|14|14|E|display=inline,title}}
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Hill Station
| image_skyline = Statue of Kuruvan & Kuruthi.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Statue of Kuruvan & Kuruthi at Ramakkalmedu
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| subdivision_type = Country
| government_type = Panchayath
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Idukki district|Idukki]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| footnotes =
}}
A classic period of the Kingdom of NanjilNadu (modern day [[Nagercoil]] Region of Tamil Nadu) started with the accession of a Konanki Kuravar, who was an alchemist establishing his way over [[Kottar]], [[Suchindram]] and other places. There are literary evidences that the Kingdom of NanjilNadu was Ruled by "Kurunji Nattan NambiRajan", also called as Naga Raja, a Kurava king. Historical evidences can be traced back from the spots of Idukki District in Kerala. Places like [[Ramakkalmedu]], kuravanmala, Kurinjimala, Idukki arch dam (it is the largest arch dam in Asia) are the places showing the Early ages of Kuravas of South India. They were once travelers on the high roads of freedom, crafting their own destinies as hunters, gatherers, traders, transporters and craftsmen, but exist today in the no-mans-land of the settled world. Nevertheless, they persist. People of this community are called with different names in different parts of South India. In essence, all these communities form a big community from south India. The gothras among all these communities is the same.

The main occupation of the people, who originally belong to the indigenous tribes, is hunting, and making bamboo baskets, brooms and mats. But as they were prohibited entry into the forests to pursue this livelihood, they were forced to take up other alternatives.

=== Colonial era ===
During [[British rule in India]] they were placed under [[Criminal Tribes Act]] 1871, hence stigmatized for a long time, after Independence however they were [[Denotified tribes of India|denotified]] in 1952, though the stigma continues.

The 1906 publication the ''[[Travancore State Manual]]'', of the [[princely state]] of Travancore, contains an entry describing the Kuravar:<blockquote>The Kuravars, a race bearing resemblance to the Vedars or hill-men, form a pretty large community in Travancore, numbering 53,584 according to the last Census. The names of some places and tradition show that they must have been holding sway over some small territories on this coast. They are divided into several groups some of which are the ''Kunta Kurava'', the ''Pandi Kurava'', and the ''Kakka Kurava''. Like the Pulayas they form the chief field labourers in the taluqs in which they live. They are found in the greatest number in Kunnattur, Chirayinkil, and Kottarakara. The Kunta Kurava, the most important sect among the class, resemble the Nayars in several respects. They are divided into ''Illam'', ''Swarupam'', &c, and follow the ''Marumakkathayam'' system of inheritance. They also celebrate the ''Kettu Kalyanam'' and ''Sambandham'' and observe sixteen days' death-pollution like the Nayars.

Today there are an estimated 1.2 million(12 lakh) '''Kuravar''' in [[Tamil Nadu]] and Kerala.</blockquote>

== Politics ==
The Kuravar community is tribal, but subsequent governments denied that fact and manipulated the reservation mechanism, which systematically oppressed this group of people. This has led to protests and resentment from the community.<ref name="narikorava_sc_12">{{cite news|date=January 14, 2005|title=Narikuravas running from pillar to post for ST status|work=The Hindu: Friday Review|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2005/01/14/stories/2005011416090300.htm|access-date=2008-07-28|archive-date=11 November 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121111005438/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2005/01/14/stories/2005011416090300.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

However, the Nari-kuravas are not Kuravars, also known as Kurivikar/AKI-PIKI/Narikarar. Narikarar came to South India from Maharastra; they are not a Tamil community and their languages is "Vagiri" there is no similarity or connection between Kuravar and (kurivikarar)Nari- Kuravar community.

Kuravar community people are living in Kerala and all parts of the [[Tamil Nadu]] mostly the districts of [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]], [[Coimbatore]], [[Dharmapuri]], [[Madurai]], [[Tiruvannamalai|Thiruvanamalai]], [[vellore]], [[Thanjavur]], and [[Kanyakumari district|Kanyakumari]]. Most movies and TV programs have manipulated the identity of the Kuravar community, but these biases are slowly being addressed by the Kuravar community through education and public action.

== Notes ==

# Meena Radhakrishna (2006-07-16). "Dishonoured by history". ''folio: Special issue with the Sunday Magazine''. [[The Hindu]]. Retrieved 2007-05-31.
# '''^''' Travancore (Princely State); Aiya, V.N. (1906). ''The Travancore State Manual''. '''2'''. Travancore government Press. p. 402. Retrieved 2015-07-05.

<references group="Kuravan = Leader" responsive="0" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

# Amutha, A. Maria Mercy, and G. Christopher. 2016. 'The Forgotten Tribe: The Kuravars of Tamil Nadu.' In ''The Language Loss of the Indigenous'', by G. N. Devy, Geoffrey V. Davis, and K. K. Chakravarty, 60–79. Routledge.
# Branfoot, Crispin. 2002. 'Expanding Form’: The Architectural Sculpture of the South Indian Temple', ca. 1500-1700.” ''Artibus Asiae'' 62 (2): 189–245. {{doi|10.2307/3250266}}
# ———. 2014. 'Imperial Frontiers: Building Sacred Space in Sixteenth-Century South India.' ''The Art Bulletin'' 90 (2): 171–94. <nowiki>http://caa.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00043079.2008.10786389</nowiki>.
# C. R, Bijoy. 2003. 'The Adivasis of India - A History of Discrimination, Conflict, and Resistance.' ''PUCL Bulletin'', February. <nowiki>http://www.pucl.org/Topics/Dalit-tribal/2003/adivasi.htm</nowiki>.
# Demmer, Ulrich. 2001. 'The Poets as Anthropologists: The Representation of Hill/Forest Tribes in ‘Classical’ Tamil Literature.' ''Journal of Social Sciences'' 5 (1–2): 69–80. <nowiki>http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09718923.2001.11892290</nowiki>.
# Garimella, Annapurna. 2012. 'A Thousand Pillars Part 1.' ''Domus India'', December. <nowiki>https://www.academia.edu/2413976/A_Thousand_Pillars_Part_1</nowiki>.
# Kothari, Sunil. 2005. 'Kuravanji: Dance-Drama.' In ''Rukmini Devi Arundale, 1904-1986: A Visionary Architect of Indian Culture and the Performing Arts'', by Avanthi Meduri, 161–72. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers.
# Michell, George. 1995. ''Architecture and Art of Southern India''. Cambridge University Press.
# Narayana Rao, Velcheru, and Sanjay Subrahmanyam. 2009. 'Notes on Political Thought in Medieval and Early Modern South India.' ''Modern Asian Studies, Cambridge University Press'' 43 (1): 175–210. <nowiki>https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/modern-asian-studies/article/no…</nowiki>.
# Nārāyaṇarāvu, Vēlcēru, Velcheru Narayana Rao, David Dean Shulman, and Sanjay Subrahmanyam. 1998. ''Symbols of Substance: Court and State in Nayaka Period Tamilnadu''. Oxford University Press.
# Ram, Kalpana. 2012. Dancing Off-Stage: Nationalism and Its ‘Minor Practices’ in Tamil Nadu. In ''Dance Matters: Performing India on Local and Global Stages'', by Pallabi Chakravorty and Nilanjana Gupta, 3–25. Routledge.
# Ranganathan, Edwina. 1970. 'Kuravanji Nattiya Nadagam: A Dance Drama from Madras State.' ''Comparative Drama'' 4 (2): 110–19. {{JSTOR|41152521}}.
# Seshan, Radhika. 2004. 'From Folk culture to Court Culture: The 'Kuravanji' in the Tanjore Court''.' Proceedings of the Indian History Congress'' 65: 331–34. {{JSTOR|44144747}}.
# Stein, Burton. 1971. ''The Segmentary State in South India History''.
# Talbot, Cynthia. 1991. 'Temples, Donors, and Gifts: Patterns of Patronage in Thirteenth-Century South India.' ''The Journal of Asian Studies'' 50 (2): 308–40. {{doi|10.2307/2057210}}
# Tartakov, Gary Michael. 2012. ''Dalit Art and Visual Imagery''. Oxford University Press.
# Venkatasubramanian, T. K. 2010. ''Music as History in Tamilnadu''. Primus Books.

* {{cite book|author=Viramma|url=https://archive.org/details/virammalifeofunt0000vira|title=Viramma: Life of an Untouchable|author2=Josiane Racine|author3=Jean-Luc Racine|publisher=Verso|year=1997|isbn=1859848176|translator-last=Hobson|translator-first=Will|ref=Viramma|url-access=registration}}
* {{cite book|last=Hatch|first=William John|title=The Land Pirates of India|publisher=[[Seeley, Service|Seeley, Service & Co.]]|year=1928|ref=The Land Pirates of India}}
* {{cite book|last=Chatty|first=Dawn|title=Conservation and Mobile Indigenous Peoples|author2=Marcs Colchester|publisher=Berghahn Books|year=2002|isbn=1571818421|ref=Conservation and Mobile Indigenous Peoples|author1-link=Dawn Chatty}}
*[https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2019/sep/20/malaikuravan-community-to-be-given-scheduled-tribe-status-2036220.html Malaikuravan community to be given Scheduled Tribe status?]
*[https://thewire.in/rights/creators-not-criminals-children-of-denotified-kuravar-tribe-speak-through-art Creators, Not ‘Criminals’: Children of Denotified Kuravar Tribe Speak Through Art]

[[Category:Indian castes]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]
[[Category:Social groups of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Social groups of Kerala]]

Clock Tower Bijnor

2026-03-18T05:12:39Z

Shailendra: created first article w/ refs

{{Short description|Clock Tower In Uttarpradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}

'''Bijnor Clock Tower''' also known as ('''Ghanta Ghar)''' was built in 1926 by Aminuddin Contractor on the land given by the Municipal Administration as compensation. The foundation stone of the Clock Tower was laid by the British Collector Votts. The 17.30 meter high Clock Tower has stairs of 1.20 meters in diameter, but the person living on the ground floor of the Clock Tower closed the said path going up to the Clock Tower<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Jeffery |first1=Roger |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-PadIxTMzoAC |title=Population, Gender and Politics: Demographic Change in Rural North India |last2=Jeffery |first2=Patricia |date=1997-07-13 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-46653-0 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Neve |first1=Geert de |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E196AgAAQBAJ&dq=bijnor+clock+tower&pg=PA118 |title=The Meaning of the Local: Politics of Place in Urban India |last2=Donner |first2=Henrike |date=2007-01-24 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-135-39216-1 |language=en}}</ref>

{{Infobox building
| name = Bijnor Clock Tower
| native_name =
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| alternate_names = Sadar Bazar Ghantta Ghar
| awards =
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| location_city = [[Bijnor]], Uttar Pradesh
| location_country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|29.3713308|78.1347190|format=dms|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| altitude =
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| completion_date = 1926
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| floor_count = Three
| parking = Yes
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== Background ==
During that time, due to a lack of funds, clocks could not be installed in the Clock Tower and the [[Municipal council|Municipal Council]] also did not install clocks citing the financial crisis, while the responsibility of installing clocks was of the Municipal Administration. People who kept raising the issue of installing clocks in the Clock Tower demanded the then DM Darshan Singh Bains to install clocks in the Clock Tower in the year 1983. Two years later, i.e. in 1985, after 59 years, clocks were installed in the Clock Tower<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=Ruchir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zMuDDwAAQBAJ&dq=bijnor+clock+tower&pg=PT7 |title=Democracy on the Road: A 25 Year Journey through India |date=2019-01-28 |publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited |isbn=978-93-5305-446-5 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==

[[Category:Clock towers in India]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:1926 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Bijnor]]
[[Category:Towers completed in 1985]]
<references />{{Bijnor-geo-stub}}

Pakpi Devi Yumlembam

2026-03-12T04:18:28Z

Shailendra:

{{Short description|Indian footballer}}
{{Western name order|Yumlembam Pakpi Devi}}
{{Meitei name|Yumlembam|Pakpi|Devi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Pakpi Devi
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| fullname = Pakpi Devi Yumlembam
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2002|2|1|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Manipur]], India
| height =
| position = [[Defender (association football)|Defender]]
| currentclub = [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
| clubnumber = 5
| youthyears1 =
| youthclubs1 =
| years1 =
| clubs1 = [[KRYPHSA FC|KRYPHSA]]
| caps1 =
| goals1 =
| years2 =
| clubs2 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]
| caps2 =
| goals2 =
| years3 = 2021–
| clubs3 = [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
| caps3 =
| goals3 =
| nationalyears1 = 2018
| nationalteam1 = [[India women's national under-20 football team|India U18]]
| nationalcaps1 =
| nationalgoals1 =
| medaltemplates =
| club-update =
| nationalteam-update =
}}
'''Pakpi Devi Yumlembam''' ({{langx|mni|Yumlembam Pakpi Devi}}, born 1 February 2002) is an Indian professional [[footballer]] from [[Manipur]] who plays as a [[defender (association football)|defender]] for the [[Indian Women's League]] club [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=AIFF - 5 Yumlembam Pakpi Devi |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/34480?type=club |access-date=13 February 2025 |website=The AIFF}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kickstart FC Karnataka |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/club/players/12772/11 |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=www.the-aiff.com |archive-date=15 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415210821/https://www.the-aiff.com/club/players/12772/11 |url-status=live }}</ref> She has also represented [[India women's national under-17 football team|India]] at the youth level internationally.

== Career ==
Devi made her junior national debut in the 2018 [[SAFF Women's Championship|SAFF Under–18 Women's Championship]]. She represented India in the [[2019 Turkish Women's Cup]].

She was named in the 23 probables for the [[India women's national football team]] for the senior national camp held at [[Goa]] in September and October 2024.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-09-16 |title=Santosh Kashyap appointed new head coach of Indian women's football team |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/santosh-kashyap-appointed-new-head-coach-of-indian-womens-football-team/articleshow/113401996.cms |access-date=2025-02-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=1 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241001031943/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/santosh-kashyap-appointed-new-head-coach-of-indian-womens-football-team/articleshow/113401996.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> She played for Manipur in the [[Rajmata Jijabai Trophy]] in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hero Sr Women's National Football C'ship33 players named for selection trials |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2023/2/24/IMPHAL-Feb-23-Altogether-33-officials-have-been-selected-to-take-part-in-selection-trials-for-pre.html |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=www.thesangaiexpress.com |language=en |archive-date=19 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250219200952/https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2023/2/24/IMPHAL-Feb-23-Altogether-33-officials-have-been-selected-to-take-part-in-selection-trials-for-pre.html |url-status=live }}</ref> She joined Kickstart FC in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2023-12-09 |title=IWL 2023-24: Kickstart FC's campaign kicks off with smooth win against HOPS FC |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/iwl-2023-24-latest-scores-results-kickstart-fc-vs-hops-fc-report-goalscorers-indian-football/article67621351.ece |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=Sportstar |language=en |archive-date=19 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250219201000/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/iwl-2023-24-latest-scores-results-kickstart-fc-vs-hops-fc-report-goalscorers-indian-football/article67621351.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=IWL 2024-25: Eight teams, 56 matches, the star parade of Indian women's football set to kick off {{!}} I-League |url=https://i-league.org/iwl-2024-25-8-teams-56-matches-the-star-parade-of-indian-womens-football-set-to-kick-off/ |access-date=2025-02-13 |language=en-US |archive-date=19 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250219200943/https://i-league.org/iwl-2024-25-8-teams-56-matches-the-star-parade-of-indian-womens-football-set-to-kick-off/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

She started playing football with the local club [[KRYPHSA FC|KRYHPSA]], and later played for [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala Football Club]].

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/34480?type=club Yumlembam Pakpi Devi] at [[All India Football Federation]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Devi, Pakpi}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2002 births]]
[[Category:Indian women's footballers]]
[[Category:India women's youth international footballers]]
[[Category:Footballers from Manipur]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Manipur]]
[[Category:Women's association football defenders]]
[[Category:Indian Women's League players]]
[[Category:Kickstart FC players]]
[[Category:Gokulam Kerala FC Women players]]
[[Category:KRYPHSA FC players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]

Mujhe Kucch Kehna Hai

2026-03-10T21:09:50Z

Shailendra: added the post w/ infobox

{{short description|2001 Indian film by Satish Kaushik}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}

{{Infobox film
| name = Mujhe Kucch Kehna Hai
| image = Mujhe Kuch Kehna Hai.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Satish Kaushik]]
| producer = [[Vashu Bhagnani]]
| based_on = {{Based on|''[[Tholi Prema (1998 film)|Tholi Prema]]''|[[A. Karunakaran]]}}
| screenplay = Bholu Khan Aman Jaffery Rumi Jaffery
| starring = [[Tusshar Kapoor]] [[Kareena Kapoor]] [[Rinke Khanna]]
| music = [[Anu Malik]] [[Vishal-Shekhar]]
| cinematography = [[Johny Lal]]
| editing = [[Sanjay Verma]]
| distributor = [[Pooja Entertainment]]
| released = {{Film date|2001|05|25|df=y}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = ₹70 million<ref>https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=665</ref>
| gross = ₹309.9 million<ref>https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=665</ref>
}}

'''''Mujhe Kucch Kehna Hai''''' ({{Translation| ''I Have to Say Something''}}) is a 2001 Indian [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]]-language [[Romantic comedy|romantic comedy film]] directed by [[Satish Kaushik]] and produced by [[Vashu Bhagnani]]. The film was the debut performance of [[Tusshar Kapoor]], who starred alongside [[Kareena Kapoor]]. The film was an official remake of the 1998 [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film ''[[Tholi Prema (1998 film)|Tholi Prema]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/interview-i-haven-t-yet-done-a-dance-film-tusshar-kapoor-2218135|title = I haven't yet done a dance film: Tusshar Kapoor|date = 31 May 2016}}</ref> It was released on 25 May 2001.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/mujhe-kucch-kehna-hai/critic-review/mujhe-kucch-kehna-hai-movie-review/ | title=Mujhe Kucch Kehna Hai Review 2/5 | Mujhe Kucch Kehna Hai Movie Review | Mujhe Kucch Kehna Hai 2001 Public Review | Film Review | website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/may/25mujhe.htm|title=rediff.com, Movies: The film review of Mujhe Kucch Kehna Hai|website=www.rediff.com}}</ref>

==Plot==
The story revolves around a sensitive young man, Karan Sharma, who frequently skips college. Despite his poor academic performance, he displays many other talents. He is an excellent musician and plays in a band. His father constantly expresses his disappointment in him, which often leads to Karan having outbursts of frustration and anger. One day in a deserted street, he lays eyes on Pooja Saxena for the first time and falls in love with her. Following this brief encounter, he looks everywhere for her but fails to find her. He slowly begins to lose hope in his quest, stops playing music, and decides to move to another city with his uncle. While on his way there, his car breaks down, and he is forced to hitch a ride. To his amazement, he finds Pooja in the driver's seat. As they are introducing themselves, a truck collides with the car, throwing it into a ravine. Karan and Pooja find themselves hanging from a cliff, and even though Karan manages to haul Pooja back up the steep cliff, he loses his grip and falls into the ravine.

When Pooja regains consciousness, she assumes responsibility for Karan's death and offers to help search for his body. Meanwhile, Karan has survived the fall but is seriously injured and unconscious. He is found by a man who takes him to the hospital, and soon after, Karan is reunited with his family. As he recovers, he reflects on how he should have confessed his love to Pooja in the few moments they were together. He also begins to focus on his education instead of his music. In time, Pooja arrives at his doorstep to apologize and offers her friendship. They become good friends, and then Pooja tells Karan that she must leave for the United States for further studies. Devastated, he finally confesses his love for her. Pooja feels the same way and cannot deny her feelings for Karan, and she promises that she will return to him once she completes her education. Karan agrees to patiently wait for her.

==Cast==
* [[Tusshar Kapoor]] as Karan Sharma
* [[Kareena Kapoor]] as Pooja Saxena
* [[Dalip Tahil]] as Krishna Sharma
* [[Amrish Puri]] as Subedar Balram Singh
* [[Rinke Khanna]] as Priya Saluja
* [[Vrajesh Hirjee]] as Chinku
* [[Alok Nath]] as Rana Virendra Pratap Singh
* [[Dinesh Hingoo]]
* [[Himani Shivpuri]] as Sushma Dhupia
* [[Yashpal Sharma (actor)|Yashpal Sharma]] as Batsman/gang leader
* [[Hemant Pandey]] as Dabbu
* [[Gopal Datt]] as [[Hrithik Roshan|Hrithik]]
* [[Darshan Kumar]]

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Mujhe Kucch Kehna Hai
| type = [[Soundtrack]]
| artist = Anu Malik and Vishal-Shekhar
| cover =
| alt =
| released = <div style="white-space: nowrap;">April 2001 </div>
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 65:08
| label = <div style="white-space: nowrap;">[[Tips Music]]</div>
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}
[[Anu Malik]] composed the soundtrack while [[Sameer Anjaan|Sameer]] penned the lyrics. According to the Indian trade website [[Box Office India]], with around 32,00,000 units sold, this film's soundtrack album was the year's second highest-selling.<ref>{{cite web |title=Music Hits 2000–2009 (Figures in Units) |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=286&catName=MjAwMC0yMDA5 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215081557/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=286&catName=MjAwMC0yMDA5&PHPSESSID=108b9056cd4ca14236f9c6119d34dcce |archivedate=15 February 2008 |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |accessdate=12 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://planetbollywood.com/Music/MujheKuchKehnaHai/index.html | title=Planet-Bollywood - Music Review - Mujhe Kuch Kehna Hai }}</ref> The album was released in April 2001<ref>{{Citation |title=Mujhe Kucch Kehna Hai (Apr 2001, Cassette) |url=https://www.discogs.com/release/14588553-Anu-Malik-Sameer-Mujhe-Kucch-Kehna-Hai |language=en |access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref>

Rehna Hai Tere Dil Mein which was composed by [[Vishal–Shekhar|Vishal-Shekhar]] and sung by [[Shekhar Ravjiani|Shekhar]]. The film version of that song was sung by [[Babul Supriyo]], [[Vishal Dadlani]] penned the lyrics. A remix version of Rabba mere Rabba was remixed by DJ khalif. These two songs were added as bonus tracks in the cassette which was released in February 2002<ref>{{Citation |title=Mujhe Kucch Kehna Hai (Feb 2002, Cassette) |url=https://www.discogs.com/release/15923135-Anu-Malik-Sameer-Mujhe-Kucch-Kehna-Hai |language=en |access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref>

===Track listing===
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_lyrics = [[Sameer (lyricist)|Sameer]]
| all_music = [[Anu Malik]]
| title1 = Maine Koyi Jadoo
| extra1 = [[Preeti & Pinky]], [[Babul Supriyo]]
| title2 = Jabse Dekha hai
| extra2 = [[Babul Supriyo]], [[Alka Yagnik]]
| title3 = Rabba Mere Rabba
| extra3 = [[Sonu Nigam]], [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]
| title4 = Mujhe Kuch Kehna Hai
| extra4 = [[KK (singer)|KK]], [[Anu Malik]], Chorus, [[Sudesh Bhosle]]
| title5 = Dupatta Mera
| extra5 = [[Anuradha Sriram]]
| title6 = Pyaar Re
| extra6 = KK
| title7 = Jabse Dekha Hai
| extra7 = Alka Yagnik
| title8 = Guncha Hai Gul Hai{{efn|The track "Guncha Hai Gul Hai" was not included in the theatrical film as well as DVD Home Media.}}
| extra8 = Sonu Nigam, [[Zubeen Garg]]
}}

==Awards==

; Filmfare Awards 2002
* [[Filmfare Best Music Director Award|Best Music Director]], [[Anu Malik]], Nominated
* [[Filmfare Best Male Debut Award|Best Male Debut]], [[Tusshar Kapoor]], Won

; Star Screen Awards 2002
* [[Star Screen Award Best Music Director|Best Music Director]], [[Anu Malik]], Nominated
* [[Star Screen Award Best Male Playback|Best Male Playback]], [[Sonu Nigam]], Nominated
* [[Star Screen Award Best Story|Best Story]], Rumi Jaffery
* [[Star Screen Award Most Promising Newcomer - Male|Most Promising Newcomer – Male]], [[Tusshar Kapoor]], Nominated

; Zee Cine Awards 2002
* [[Zee Cine Award Best Male Debut- Male|Best Male Debut]], [[Tusshar Kapoor|Tusshar]], Won
* [[Zee Cine Award Best Actor in a Comic Role|Best Actor in a Comic Role]], Vrajesh Hirjee, Nominated
* [[Zee Cine Award Best Music Director|Best Music Director]], [[Anu Malik]], Nominated

==Sequel==
A sequel to the film was announced in 2011, however it never went into production.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Kareena-turns-down-Tusshar-starrer/articleshow/10037430.cms |title=Kareena turns down Tusshar starrer - Times Of India |date=17 April 2012 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120417221814/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-20/news-interviews/30176216_1_tusshar-kapoor-double-role-kareena-kapoor |archive-date=17 April 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{Noteslist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie|mujhe-kucch-kehna-hai}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080706063423/http://www.indiafm.com/movies/cast/6814/index.html ''Mujhe Kucch Kehna Hai''] at Indiafm.com

{{Satish Kaushik}}
[[Category:2001 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2001 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2001 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Anu Malik]]
[[Category:Hindi remakes of Telugu films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Satish Kaushik]]

Kampil

2026-03-08T19:57:07Z

Shailendra: added some page initial version

{{for|the ancient city|Kampilya}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kampil
| other_name = Kampilya
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.62|N|79.28|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Farrukhabad district|Farrukhabad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 145
| population_total = 8475
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Kampil,''' historically known as '''Kampilya,''' is a town and a [[Nagar panchayat]] in [[Farrukhabad district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It is located about 45 km from Farrukhabad, and 55 km from [[Budaun]]. It is a very important place from a historical point of view.

==History==

'''Shraman Era'''

It is believed to be the birthplace of the 13th Tirthankara Bhagwan Shree Vimalnath. This is a Holy Land where the four Kalyanakas—chayavan, birth, diksa and omniscience—of Tirthankara 1008 Bhagawan Shree Vimalnatha, the thirteenth Tirthnakara took place. This place was also graced by the visit of Lord Mahavira. Apart from these, there are many old temples, which signify the historical and religious importance of Kampil. During the epic period, it was the capital of King Drupada, the father of Draupadi. The sacrificial altar (Yajna Kunda) from which Draupadi is believed to have been born from the fire of knowledge, is situated in Kampil. Near the sacrificial altar, there is a structure, which is the hermitage of a sage Kampila, where he used to perform penance.

=== Southern Panchala ===

Southern Panchala kingdom or Panchala-proper, one of the historical [[mahajanapada]]s of ancient India (c. 6th to 4th centuries BC),<ref>Raychaudhuri, H.C. (1972). ''Political History of Ancient India'', Calcutta: University of Calcutta, p. 85</ref> had [[Kampilya]] city as its capital. This kingdom extended from the [[Ganga River]] to the river [[Charmanwati]]. It was annexed into the [[Nanda Empire]] during the reign of [[Mahapadma Nanda]].<ref>Raychaudhuri, H.C. (1972). ''Political History of Ancient India'', Calcutta: University of Calcutta, p. 206</ref> [[Ahichchhatra]] was the capital of northern Panchala and [[Kampilya]] was the capital of southern Panchala.<ref name=Malik>{{Cite book |last=Malik |first=Dr Malti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bMg-DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA12 |title=History of India |date=2016 |publisher=New Saraswati House India Pvt Ltd |isbn=978-81-7335-498-4 |page=51-54 |language=en}}</ref>

By tradition, the temple of Rameshwarnatha Mahadeva is attributed to [[Shatrughna|Shatrughana]], brother of Rama. It is said that he had brought the idol ([[Lingam]]) of [[Shiva]], which was worshiped by [[Sita]], the wife of [[Rama]] in [[Ashoka Vatika]] while she was held in captivity in [[Lanka]] and installed it in this temple.

=== Mughal era ===
Kampil is listed in the [[Ain-i-Akbari]] as a [[pargana]] under the [[sarkar (administrative division)|sarkar]] of [[Kannauj]], producing a revenue of 1,651,586 [[dam (Indian coin)|dam]]s for the imperial treasury and supplying a force of 200 infantry and 100 cavalry.<ref name="Ain-i-Akbari">{{cite book |last1=Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak |last2=Jarrett |first2=Henry Sullivan (translator) |title=The Ain-i-Akbari |date=1891 |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bengal |location=Calcutta |page=185 |url=https://archive.org/details/ainiakbarivolum00mubgoog |access-date=22 January 2021}}</ref>

== References of Panchala in Mahabharata ==
{{unreferenced section|date=December 2016}}

=== People from Panchala ===
In Mahabharata, many figures were mentioned as the natives of Panchala:

*[[Draupadi|Panchali]]: wife of the [[Pandavas]]
*[[Dhrishtadyumna]]: commander-in-chief of the Pandavas in [[Kurukshetra War]] and brother of Panchali
*[[Drupada]]: father of Panchali and [[Dhristadyumna]]
*[[Shikhandi]]: another son of [[Drupada]] (he married from Dasarna – see [[Dasarna kingdom]])
*[[Prishata]]: father of [[Drupada]] (1,131)
*Satyajit: commander-in-chief of Panchala army under king [[Drupada]]
*Sage Dhaumya: priest of the [[Pandavas]] (1,185).
*Aruni: a Brahmin boy from Panchala and a disciple of sage [[Dhaumya]] (1,3).

Many other sons of Drupada (a total of 10) and other Panchala princes (like Yudhamanyu, Uttamaujas, Janamejaya (8,82) etc.) were mentioned as battling in [[Kurukshetra War]], allied with the [[Pandavas]].

=== Origin of Panchala tribe ===
* Mahabharata, Book 1, Chapter 94: The lineage extending from [[King Porus|Puru]] to [[Santanu]].

''The following passage from Mahabharata, that describes the [[King Porus|Puru]] lineage of kings, shows the kinship of the [[Kuru kingdom|Kurus]] and the Panchalas, both branched out from the same line.''

When [[Janamejaya II|Janamejaya]] wished to hear the history of kings who were descended from [[King Porus|Puru]], [[Vaisampayana]] narrated the lineage of kings in Puru's line.

==== Lineage of Puru kings up to the branching of Panchala tribe ====

[[King Porus|Puru]] had by his wife Paushti three sons, Pravira, Iswara, and Raudraswa. Amongst them, Pravira was the perpetuator of the dynasty. Pravira had by his wife Suraseni a son named Manasyu. Manasyu had for his wife Sauviri. And he begat upon her three sons called Sakta, Sahana, and Vagmi. Raudraswa begat upon the Apsara Misrakesi ten sons. They all had sons. They are Richeyu, Kaksreyu Vrikeyu, Sthandileyu, Vaneyu, Jaleyu, Tejeyu, Satyeyu, Dharmeyu and Sannateyu the tenth.

Amongst them all, Richeyu became the sole monarch and was known by the name of Anadhrishti. Anadhristi had a son of the name of Matinara who became a famous and virtuous king and performed the [[Rajasuya]] and the [[Ashwamedha]]. Matinara had four sons viz., Tansu, Mahan, Atiratha, and Druhyu. (Amongst them, Tansu of great prowess became the perpetrator of Puru's line). Tansu begat a son named Ilina. Ilina begat upon his wife Rathantara five sons with Dushmanta ([[Dushyanta]]) at their head. They were Dushmanta, Sura, Bhima, Pravasu, and Vasu. The eldest of them, Dushmanta, became king. Dushmanta had by his wife [[Sakuntala]] an intelligent son named Bharata who became king. [[Emperor Bharata|Bharata]] gave his name to the race of which he was the founder. It is from him that the fame of that dynasty hath spread so wide. Bharata begat upon his three wives nine sons in all. But none of them were like their father and so Bharata was not at all pleased with them. Their mothers, therefore, became angry and slew them all. The procreation of children by Bharata, therefore, became vain.

The monarch then performed a great sacrifice and through the grace of Bharadwaja obtained a son named Bhumanyu. Then Bharata, the great descendant of [[King Porus|Puru]], regarding himself as really possessing a son, installed that son as his heir-apparent. Bhumanyu begat upon his wife, Pushkarini six sons named Suhotra, Suhotri, Suhavih, Sujeya, Diviratha and Kichika. During the virtuous reign of Suhotra the surface of the whole earth was dotted all over with hundreds and thousands, of sacrificial stakes. Suhotra, begat, upon his wife Aikshaki three sons, viz., Ajamidha, Sumidha, and Purumidha. The eldest of them, [[Ajamidha]], was the perpetuator of the royal line. And he begat six sons,--Riksha was born of the womb of his wife Dhumini; Dushmanta and Parameshthin, of his wife Nili; Jahnu, Jala and Rupina were born of his wife Kesini. Kushikas are the sons of Jahnu.

All the tribes of the Panchalas are descended from Dushmanta and Parameshthin, two sons of the second wife of [[Puru (Vedic tribe)|Puru]] king Ajamidha.

=== War between Panchalas and the forefathers of Kurus ===

''Continuous war between the Kurus and Panchalas led the defeated Kurus to be exiled from their kingdom. They lived in the forests on the banks of [[Sindhu]]. Later the Kurus retook their capital.''

Riksha who was older than both Jala and Rupina became king. Riksha begat [[Samvarana]], the perpetuator of the royal line. While Samvarana, the son of Riksha, was ruling, there happened a great loss of people from famine, pestilence, drought, and disease. The Bharata princes were beaten by the troops of enemies.

And the Panchalas setting out to invade the whole land with their four kinds of troops soon brought the whole land under their sway. And with their ten Akshauhinis the king of the Panchalas defeated the Bharata prince. Samvarana then with his wife and ministers, sons and relatives, fled in fear, and took shelter in the forest on the banks of the [[Sindhu]] extending to the foot of the (western) mountains. There the Bharatas lived for a full thousand years (for a long period), within their fort. After they had lived there a long period, one day the sage [[Vasishtha]] approached the exiled Bharatas.

It hath been heard that [[Vasishtha]] (becoming the priest) then installed the Bharata prince in the sovereignty of all the Kshatriyas. The king retook the capital that had been taken away from him and once more made all monarchs pay tribute to him. The powerful Samvarana, was thus installed once more in the actual sovereignty of the whole land.

Samvarana begat upon his wife, Tapati (whose abode was on the banks of river [[Tapati River|Tapati]] ([[Tapti]], [[Maharashtra]])), the daughter of Surya (a king of the [[Solar Dynasty]]), a son named Kuru. This [[King Kuru|Kuru]] was exceedingly virtuous, and therefore, he was installed on the throne by his people. It is after his name that the field called Kurujangala (eastern [[Haryana]]) has become so famous in the world. Devoted to asceticism, he made that field [[Kurukshetra]] sacred by practising asceticism there. He was the founder of the Kuru dynasty and the [[Kuru kingdom]].

''It seems that the Samvarana who retook the capital was another king in the line of the exiled king Samvarana. Another interesting fact is that sages in the line of [[Vasistha]], were the priests of [[Solar Dynasty]] of kings (especially the Ikshwakus) for many generations. This could be the reason why Samvarana, who took Vasistha as his priest, married from the [[Solar Dynasty]]. The history of Samvarana falling in love with Tapati, while he roamed in the vicinity of Tapati river ([[Tapti]] river [[Maharashtra]]) and Vasistha's help in getting the consent of king Surya, her father, to give her in marriage to Samvaran—all these are mentioned at (1-173,174,175,176).''

=== Drupada becomes the king of Panchala ===
*Mahabharata, Book 1: Adi Parva, Chapter 131: The History of [[Drona]]

There was a king named Prishata who was a great friend of [[Bharadwaja]]. About this time Prishata had a son born unto him, named [[Drupada]]. Drupada, the son of Prishata, used every day to come to the hermitage of Bharadwaja to play with [[Drona]] and study in his company. When Prishata was dead, this Drupada became the king of the Northern Panchalas. Once Drupada became the king, he forgot his friendship with Drona. Drupada insulted Drona by telling him that he deserved not to be his friend, because Drona was not a king, but a poor Brahmana.

=== The partition of the Panchala kingdom ===
*Mahabharata, Book 1: Adi Parva, Chapter 140: [[Arjuna]] takes [[Drupada]] captive

'' [[Drona]] defeated [[Drupada]], by means of his disciple [[Arjuna]], to settle his old scores. Drona spoke as follows to the captive Drupada:-''

Thou toldest me before that none who was not a king could be a king's friend. Therefore, is it, O Yajnasena (Drupada), that I retain half thy kingdom. Thou art the king of all the territory lying on the southern side of the Bhagirathi (Ganga), while I become king of all the territory on the north of that river. And, O Panchala, if it pleaseth thee, know me hence for thy friend.

On hearing these words, Drupada answered:-, Thou art of noble soul and great prowess. Therefore, O Brahmana, I am not surprised at what thou doest. I am very much gratified with thee, and I desire thy eternal friendship.

After this, Drona released the king of Panchala, and cheerfully performing the usual offices of regard, bestowed upon him half the kingdom. Thenceforth Drupada began to reside sorrowfully in the city of Kampilya within the province of Makandi on the banks of the Ganges filled with many towns and cities. And after his defeat by Drona, Drupada ruled the Southern Panchalas up to the bank of the [[Charmanwati]] river. Meanwhile, Drona continued to reside in Ahichatra. Thus was the territory of Ahicchatra full of towns and cities, obtained by [[Arjuna]], and bestowed upon [[Drona]]. (Later, Drona gave the rulership of Northern Panchala kingdom to his son [[Ashwathama]] and stayed at [[Hastinapura]] the capital of [[Kuru kingdom]].)

=== The higher status of Panchalas and Kurus in ancient India ===

The [[Kuru kingdom|Kuru]]-Panchala was considered foremost among the provinces in Bharata Varsha (ancient India), comprising the Kuru and Panchala kingdoms (6,9).

The Kurus and Panchalas were considered as foremost among the ruling tribes in ancient India, adhering close to the [[Historical Vedic religion|Vedic religion]]. They were the proponents of the Vedic religion in its dogmatic and purest form. Other tribes imitated the practices of these tribes and thus got accepted into the Vedic religions.

Commencing with the Panchalas, the [[Kuru kingdom|Kauravas]], the Naimishas (a forest-country to the east of Panchala), the [[Matsya kingdom|Matsyas]], all these, know what religion is. The old men among the Northerners, the [[Anga kingdom|Angas]], the [[Magadha kingdom|Magadhas]], without themselves knowing what virtue is follow the practices of the Kuru-Panchalas (8,45).

The [[Kuru kingdom|Kurus]] and the Panchalas comprehend from a half-uttered speech; the [[Salwa kingdom|Salwas]] cannot comprehend till the whole speech is uttered. The [[Magadha kingdom|Magadhas]] are comprehenders of signs; the [[Kosala kingdom|Koshalas]] comprehend from what they see. The Mountaineers, like the [[Sivi kingdom|Sivis]], are very stupid.
The [[Yavana kingdom|Yavanas]] are omniscient; the Suras are particularly so. The mlecchas are wedded to the creations of their own fancy that other peoples cannot understand (8,45).

The Panchalas observe the duties enjoined in the Vedas; the [[Kuru kingdom|Kauravas]] observe truth; the [[Matsya kingdom|Matsyas]] and the [[Surasena kingdom|Surasenas]] perform sacrifices. Beginning with the [[Matsya kingdom|Matsyas]], the residents of the [[Kuru kingdom|Kuru]] and the Panchala countries, the Naimishas as well and the other respectable peoples, the pious among all races are conversant with the eternal truths of religion. The [[Kuru kingdom|Kauravas]] with the Panchalas, the [[Salwa kingdom|Salwas]], the [[Matsya kingdom|Matsyas]], the Naimishas, the [[Kosala kingdom|Koshalas]], the Kasapaundras, the [[Kalinga (Mahabharata)|Kalingas]], the [[Magadha kingdom|Magadhas]], and the [[Chedi kingdom|Chedis]] who are all highly blessed, know what the eternal religion is (8,45).

=== Territories and locations within the Panchala kingdom ===

==== Kichaka kingdom ====
{{also|Matsya kingdom}}

Capital: Vetrakiya

===== Kichaka the commander-in-chief of Matsya army =====

Kichaka kingdom was a territory lying to the south of (southern) Panchala. It was ruled by Kichaka clan of kings. They belonged to the Suta caste (offspring of [[Kshatriyas]] upon [[Brahmana]] ladies) . One among the Kichakas was the commander-in-chief of the Matsya army under king [[Virata]]. He was slain by [[Pandava]] [[Bhima]] due to his bad conduct towards the wife of Pandavas, viz [[Draupadi]]. Kichaka kingdom also lay to the east of the [[Matsya kingdom]] under the rule of king Virata. It seems that this territory was allied to both the Matsyas and Panchalas, with its own independent rulers. Its capital was mentioned to be Vetrakiya, on the banks of the river [[Vetravati]] ([[Betwa]]) also known as Suktimati.

===== The town named Ekachakra =====

It is believed that the [[Pandavas]] lived in a small town named Ekachakra, belonging to this territory, during their wanderings after [[Duryodhana]] attempted to murder them at Varanavata (a [[Kuru kingdom|Kuru]] city).

In the course of their wanderings the [[Pandavas]] saw the countries of the [[Matsya kingdom|Matsyas]], the [[Trigarta kingdom|Trigartas]], the Panchalas and then of the Kichakas, and also many beautiful woods and lakes therein. They all had matted locks on their heads and were attired in barks of trees and the skins of animals. They attired in the garbs of ascetics. They used to study the [[Rig Veda|Rik]] and the other [[Vedas]] and also all the [[Vedangas]] as well as the sciences of morals and politics. Finally they met [[Krishna Dwaipayana Vyasa|Vyasa]]. He told them:- ''Not far off before you is a delightful town.'' Saying this he led them into the town of Ekachakra. on arriving at Ekachakra, the [[Pandavas]] lived for a short time in the abode of a Brahmana, leading an eleemosynary life. (1,159).

During this period, [[Bhima]] slew a [[Rakshasa kingdom|Rakhsasa]] named Baka (Vaka), at Vetrakiya. He controlled the affairs of that kingdom (Kichaka kingdom) making the king of the kingdom, a name-sake king. By slaying the Rakshasa, Bhima freed that kingdom from Baka's the reign of terror. (1-165-166).

==== Pandavas journey from Ekachakra to Kampilya ====

Pandavas proceeded towards Panchala with their mother, to attend the self-choice event of princess [[Draupadi]]. In order to reach their destination, they proceeded in a due northerly direction, walking day and night till they reached a sacred shrine of [[Shiva|Siva]] with the crescent mark on his brow. Then those tigers among men, the sons of [[Pandu]], arrived at the banks of the Ganges. It was a forest called Angaraparna. Here, they encountered a [[Gandharva kingdom|Gandharva]] named Angaraparna (See [[Gandharva kingdom]]) (1,172). After that encounter they went to a place called Utkochaka, where they met sage Dhaumya. They appointed Dhaumya, the younger brother of Devala, as their priest (1,185). Then they proceeded towards the country of the southern Panchalas ruled over by the king Drupada They proceeded by slow stages staying for some time within those beautiful woods and by fine lakes that they beheld along their way and entered the capital of the Panchalas. Beholding the capital (Kampilya), as also the fort, they took up their quarters in the house of a potter. Desirous of beholding the Swayamvara (self-choice ceremony of the princess), the citizens, roaring like the sea, all took their seats on the platforms that were erected around the amphitheatre. The kings from diverse countries entered the grand amphitheatre by the north-eastern gate. And the amphitheatre which itself had been erected on an auspicious and level plain to the north-east of Drupada's capital, was surrounded by beautiful mansions. And it was enclosed on all sides with high walls and a moat with arched doorways here and there. The Pandavas, too, entering that amphitheatre, sat with the Brahmanas and beheld the unequalled affluence of the king of the Panchalas (1,187).

''[[Arjuna]] won the competition set for winning [[Draupadi]] in the self-choice ceremony (1,192).''

==== Kanyakubja kingdom ====

''This kingdom is identified to be the modern day [[Kannauj]] district of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. During the reign of King Drupada of southern Panchala, this territory formed a part of the southern Panchala''

Gadhi, born in the race of king Kusika and Gadhi's son [[Viswamitra]], were mentioned as the earlier rulers of this kingdom at (1, 176). Gadhi's daughter was married to Richika (could be related to the [[Rishikas]] in the north), belonging to the Bhargava clan. Richika's son was Jamadagni and Jamadagni's son was the celebrated [[Bhargava Rama]]. Gadhi mentioned to Richika about a custom followed by their race, that during marriage, that the bridegroom should give to the bride side a dower of 3,000 fleet steeds with brown color. (This custom is similar to that of [[Madra kingdom|Madra Culture]].) Richika get the horses from [[Varuna]] (Varuna is indicative of western cultures. Note that [[Arjuna]] also got his excellent chariot, horses and bow from Varuna). The horses reached Kanyakubja capital, crossing the river Ganges. The spot where they crossed the river was known by the name 'horse's landing place' (3,115).

Not far from Kanyakubja, a spot in the sacred bank of the Ganges is still famous among men as Aswatirtha in consequence of the appearance of those horses at that place (13,4).

''Both the Kusikas and the Bhargava-Richikas seems to have links with the ancient western-cultures (See Also: [[Bahlika Culture]], [[Madra kingdom|Madra Culture]], [[Rishika kingdom]] and [[Rishikas]]). Viswamitra (Kusika's race) was born as a [[Kshatriya]] and later became a [[Brahmana]], much like what was common in [[Madra kingdom|Madra Cultures]]. Bhargava Rama ( Richika's race) was mentioned as an expert in the use of the battle-axe, which he got from Kailasa region ([[Mount Kailash|Kailas]] range [[Tibet]]). The [[Rishikas|Rishika]] tribe, who were experts in the use of battle-axes were located not far from this region. The custom of donating or accepting horses as dowry also indicates a north-western culture. It seems that neither the Bhargavas (and Richikas or Rishikas) nor the Kusikas, maintained any distinctions such as [[Brahmana]] and [[Kshatriya]] upon themselves. However during the later periods, when the [[Historical Vedic religion|Vedic religion]] became rigid in its four-order caste-system, the Bhargavas were accepted as [[Brahmanas]] and the Kusikas as [[Kshatriyas]]''

Gadhi was mentioned as a sovereign whose military force was exceedingly great (3,115). Viswamitra also was mentioned as possessing a large army and many animals and vehicles. Using those animals and vehicles he used to roam around in the forests in search of deer (1,176). During his wanderings he met the sage [[Vasistha]]. He engaged in a dispute with this sage, on the matter of the wealth of cattle possessed by the sage. (Cattle wealth always caused dispute among ancient Indian kingdoms. See the dispute between Matsyas and Trigartas for the sake of cattle wealth; in [[Matsya kingdom]]). Viswamitra had to encounter many local-armies to seize the cattle wealth. (See [[Dravida kingdom|Dravidas]], Keralas, [[Pundra kingdom|Paundras]] and [[Kirata kingdom|Kiratas]], [[Himalaya kingdom|Pulindas]]). He was vanquished by the local-armies (1,177). After the defeat from [[Vasistha]], Viswamitra adopted the life of an ascetic. [[Bhargava Rama]] also is mentioned to defeat many tribes like [[Heheya kingdom|Heheyas]] and later adopting the life of an ascetic. Thus both the Kusikas and Bhargava-Richikas were warrior-tribes, who also were a priest-like class of people.

*In the country of Panchala, there is a forest called Utpala, where [[Viswamitra]] of Kusika's race had performed sacrifices with his son (3,87).

=== Pandavas's route from Dwiata lake to Matsya kingdom ===

Panchala was one among the countries considered by the [[Pandavas]] to spend their 13th year of anonymity along with the kingdoms viz [[Chedi kingdom|Chedi]], [[Matsya kingdom|Matsya]], [[Surasena kingdom|Surasena]], Pattachchara, [[Dasarna kingdom|Dasarna]], Navarashtra, [[Malla kingdom|Malla]], [[Salwa kingdom|Salva]], Yugandhara, [[Saurashtra kingdom|Saurashtra]], [[Avanti kingdom (Mahabharata)|Avanti]], and the spacious [[Kunti kingdom|Kuntirashtra]] (4,1).

[[Pandavas]] selected the [[Matsya kingdom]] for their 13th year of anonymous life. [[Pandavas]] ordered their chief servant Indrasena and the others to take with then the empty chariots and to speedily proceeded to [[Dwaraka kingdom|Dwaravati]]. All the maid-servants of [[Draupadi]] were ordered to go to the Panchala kingdom. After that the Pandavas left Dwaita lake in the ''Dwaita forest'' and proceeded to Matsya kingdom. Dhaumya, their priest, taking their sacred fires, set out for the Panchala kingdom (4,4). Pandavas travelling eastwards, reached river [[Yamuna]]. Travelling along the southern banks of Yamuna, they passed through Yakrilloma, [[Surasena kingdom|Surasena]]. Then they turned westwards (possibly to deceive the spies of [[Duryodhana]], who might have following them), leaving behind, on their right (north side), the country of the Panchalas, and on their left (south side), that of the [[Dasarna kingdom|Dasarnas]] entered the [[Matsya kingdom]] (4,5).

=== Impact of Magadha kings on Panchala ===

Due to the power of [[Magadha kingdom|Magadha]] king [[Jarasandha]], many ancient tribes had to shift their domains. Prominent among them were the Yadavas, who fled from [[Surasena kingdom]] to south-west to [[Anarta kingdom]]. The king of the Salwayana tribe with their brethren and followers, and the southern Panchalas and the eastern Kosalas also had to flee to the country of the [[Kunti kingdom|Kuntis]] (which was south of these kingdoms) (2,14).

''Even though only king Jarasandha is mentioned, this situation could have arisen due to many generations of powerful Magadha kings who were forefathers of Jarasandha. During the reign of [[Drupada]], no shift in the location of southern Panchala is mentioned explicitly. If the situation was created by Jarasandha alone, and no other Magadha kings later or earlier to him, then this shift of southern-Panchala could be temporary.''

=== Dispute of Panchalas with Dasarnas ===

{{Main|Dasarna kingdom}}

''There arose a dispute between the [[Dasarna kingdom]] lying to the south, and the southern-Panchala king [[Drupada]], upon the matter of the gender of prince [[Shikhandi]], who was married to the princess of Dasarna.''

=== Panchala's alliance with Pandava King Yudhishthira ===

[[Bhima]] during his military campaign to the east, to collect tribute for [[Yudhishthira]]'s [[Rajasuya]] sacrifice, first visited the Panchala kingdom after leaving his home city [[Indraprastha]] (2,28). only two tribes do not pay tribute unto [[Yudhishthira]], viz., the Panchalas in consequence of their relationship by marriage, and the Andhakas and Vrishnis ([[Anarta kingdom|Anarta]] Yadavas) in consequence of their friendship (2,51).

When the Pandavas were banished by [[Duryodhana]] to the woods, by taking over their kingdom, both the Panchalas and Yadavas visited them along with other cousins like [[Chedi kingdom|Chedis]] and [[Kekeya kingdom|Kekeyas]] (3,12). Pandavas five son's by Draupadi, spent some of their life in Panchala and some in [[Dwaraka kingdom|Dwaraka]] during the 13-year-long exile of the Pandavas.

During their pilgrimage all around India, Yudhishthira asked the weak men among his followers to go to king [[Dhritarashtra]] of [[Kuru kingdom]] and if he didn't take care of them, then to king [[Drupada]] of southern Panchala (3,92).

[[Yudhishthira]] and his followers, with Matsya king [[Virata]], began to make preparations for war ([[Kurukshetra War]]). Virata and his relatives sent word to all the monarchs, and Panchala king [[Drupada]] also did the same. And at the request of [[Pandavas]], as also of the two kings of the Matsyas and the Panchalas, many kings gathered for their cause (5,5). Druupada sent his priest to [[Hastinapura]] for the initial peace talks (5-19,20).

Drupada, the king of the Panchalas, surrounded by his ten heroic sons, Satyajit and other headed by [[Dhrishtadyumna]], and well-protected by [[Shikhandi]], and having furnished his soldiers with necessary things, joined the [[Pandavas]] with a full Akshauhini (5,57).

=== Panchalas in Kurukshetra War ===

Panchalas were the closest among all the allies of the [[Pandavas]] in the [[Kurukshetra War]]. Panchala prince [[Dhristadyumna]] was the commander-in-chief for the whole of the Pandava army. Many heroes from Panchala fought in the war. Most of them were alive till the end of the war. However all of them were slain by [[Ashwathama]] in an ambush, when they were asleep in their tents, on the last day of the war. Ashwathama was the ruler of half of the Panchala kingdom viz the northern Panchala, under [[Kuru kingdom|Kuru]] king [[Duryodhana]]. Northern Panchala was then reduced to the status of a province of the [[Kuru kingdom]]. This could be the political factor that caused the Panchalas (southern Panchalas) to become kinsmen of the [[Pandavas]], who were a rebel force in the [[Kuru kingdom]]. By supporting the [[Pandavas]] in [[Kurukshetra War]] they might have sought to regain their lost Panchala territories.

==== Panchala Heroes ====

At (1,140) Satyajit is mentioned as the commander-in-chief of the Panchala army under king Drupada who fought against [[Arjuna]] who was then a disciple of [[Drona]], the preceptor in warfare, in the [[Kuru kingdom]]. He came to the [[Kurukshetra War]] leading the one Akshouhini of Panchala army. The brave warriors among the Panchalas, viz., Jayanta, Amitaujas and the great car-warrior Satyajit were mentioned as great car-warriors (Maharathas) by [[Bhishma]]. (5,172)

The Panchala princes (5,57) Yudhamanyu and Uttamaujas were protectors of [[Arjuna]]'s car-wheels (7-88,89), during the battle. Similarly the Panchala prince Kumara is mentioned as one of the protectors of [[Yudhishthira]]'s car-wheels, along with another hero Yugadhara (hailing from the city of Yugandhara, located somewhere to the west of Kurujangala (either in [[Haryana]] or [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]])). Kumara and Yugandhara was slain by [[Drona]] (7,16). Vyaghradatta was another Panchala prince slain by Drona along with Sinhasena (7,16).

Dhrishtadyumna, [[Shikhandi|Sikhandin]], Janamejaya ( the son of Durmuksha), Chandrasen, Madrasen, Kritavarman, Dhruva, Dhara, Vasuchandra and Sutejana were mentioned as Panchala heroes, some of them being the sons of [[Drupada]] (7,155). The 10 sons of Drupada were mentioned at (5,57) and his five sons were mentioned at (8,85) as participating in the [[Kurukshetra War]]. Suratha and Satrunjaya were mentioned as sons of Drupada slain by Ashwathama (7,153), (9,14). At (7,184) Drupada's three grandsons were also mentioned as battling in the war. Shikhandi's son Khsatradeva was mentioned as battling in the war at (7,23). Dhristadyumna's sons, tender in year, were mentioned as slain by [[Drona]] in the war at (11,22).

Valanika, Jayanika, Jaya, Prishdhra, and Chandrasena—these heroes were also is believed to be of Panchala, slain by Ashwathama (7,153).

==== The Somakas, Srinjayas and the Prabhadrakas ====

These three names were mentioned frequently in the narration [[Kurukshetra War]] either as related to the Panchalas or as synonymous to the Panchalas. Srinjayas and Somakas were tribes allied to the Panchalas by kinship, born off from the various branches of the same royal lineage that brought forth the Panchala-tribe. They dwelled in the various provinces of the Panchala kingdom. Prabhadrakas seems to be an elite group of Panchala army, employed in [[Kurukshetra War]].

===== The Somakas =====

Somaka seems to be a name used to denote all the tribes of Panchalas. The word Somaka, means the one who belonged to the [[Lunar Dynasty]]. This name could have given by rulers of [[Solar Dynasty]]. The [[Kosala kingdom]] ruled by [[Solar Dynasty]] of kings lay to the east of Panchala. So this name could have been coined by the Kosalas to denote the Panchalas. Thus the name could be collective to the whole of the Panchala tribes or specific to the tribes that lie close to Kosala, i.e. the tribes that dwell in the eastern parts of Panchala.

*Pancalas and Srinjayas were mentioned collectively as Somakas at (10,8).
*Somakas and Panchalas were mentioned as different tribes at (5-175), (6-72,89,99,120), (7- 83, 123, 124, 148, 156, 157, 162, *167, 171, 184), (8- 22, 89), (9- 6, 17, 18, 21).
*Somakas and Srinjayas were mentioned as different tribes at (6-15, 119), (8,92), (9,20)
*Somakas and Prabhadrakas were mentioned as different tribes at (9-11).
*The Srinjayas and the Panchalas, the [[Matsya kingdom|Matsyas]] and the Somakas were mentioned as separate tribes at (7,158).
*[[Drona]] during the war mentioned to [[Duryodhana]] thus:- I will not put off my armour without slaying all the Panchalas. O king, go and tell my son [[Ashwathama]] not let the Somakas alone. (7,148).
*A [[Kurukshetra War]] hero, viz Kshatradharman is mentioned as belonging to the Somaka tribe, where another hero Uttamaujas is mentioned as belonging to the Panchala tribe (7,83).
*A King Somaka is mentioned at (1-2,127,128) along with his son Jantu. King Somaka was the son of Sahadeva, and a most excellent maker of gifts and he performed a sacrifice on the banks of [[Yamuna]]. King Somaka is listed among the great kings of ancient India (6,9) (13-76,115).

Somakas were mentioned as synonymous to Panchalas at many places. In some of these references Drupada is mentioned as a Somaka king and Dhristadyumna as a Somaka prince. ''Refer (1- 123, 133), (5- 5, 22, 48, 50, 130, 141, 152, 161), (6- 1, 43, 52, 59, 75, 77, 90, 98, 104, 108, 109, 117, 119), (7- 7, 23, 92, 107, 115, 122, 143, 152, 161, 166, 170, 188, 191, 198), (8- 24, 74, 78, 82, 89, 90, 91), (9- 7, 8, 30, 56, 57, 59), (10- 8).''

===== The Srinjayas =====

Srinjaya king Hotravahana is mentioned as the maternal grandfather of [[Kasi kingdom|Kasi]] princess Amba (Amva) (5 -178, 179). Amva, coming from [[Salwa kingdom|Salwa]] stayed in the asylum of sage Saikhavatya (who dwelled on the banks of Saikavati river). Hotravahana met her granddaughter there. He is mentioned as a friend of [[Bhargava Rama]].

At (1,140) the Panchalas and Srinjayas were mentioned as attacking [[Arjuna]] when he try to make [[Drupada]] captive for the sake of [[Drona]].

*Uttamujas was mentioned as the great Srinjaya car-warrior at (8,75).
*Srinjayas and Panchalas were mentioned as separate tribes at many places. ''Refer (1- 140), (5- 57), (6- 14, 89, 96, 116), (7- 21, 22, 38, 105, 108, 111, 119, 127, 153, 154, 157, 163, 171, 175, 181, 188, 197), (8- 3, 5, 10, 25, 32, 37, 47, 60, 96), (9- 13, 32, 55, 61), (10,8).''
*[[Chedi kingdom|Chedis]] the Andhakas, the Vrishnis, the Bhojas, the Kukuras and the Srinjayas were mentioned as separate tribes at (5,28). Here the Andhakas, Vrishinis, Bhojas and the Kukuras were tribes belonging to the Yadava clan.
*The Kasayas ([[Kasi kingdom|Kasis]]), the [[Chedi kingdom|Chedis]], the [[Matsya kingdom|Matsyas]], the Srinjayas, the Panchalas, and the Prabhadrakas were mentioned as separate tribes at (5,57).
*The [[Chedi kingdom|Chedis]], the Srinjayas, the [[Kasi kingdom|Kasis]] and the [[Kosala kingdom|Kosalas]] were mentioned as battling together for [[Pandavas]] at (7,122).
*A Srinjaya king is mentioned as great amongst conquerors at (1- 1) . He is also mentioned at (2,8). At (7,53) Srinjaya is mentioned as the son of a king named Switya. Sinjaya's son named Suvarnashthivin was slain by some robber-tribes during his childhood. The sages [[Narada]] and [[Parvata kingdom|Parvata]] (Narada's sister's son (12,30)) were Srinjaya's friends. Chapters (7- 53 to 69) describes a narration of Narada to Srinjaya, to console him in the death of his son. This is also mentioned at (12-29,30,31).
*[[Bhishma]] mentions at (5,164) that he could slay the whole armies of Srinjayas and the Salweyas ([[Salwa kingdom|Salwa]] lay to the west of [[Kuru kingdom|Kuru]] while Panchala was to its east).

Srinjayas were mentioned as synonymous to Panchalas at many places. ''Refer (3- 33,35), (5- 22, 24, 25, 26, 28, 48, 71, 72, 82, 93, 127, 162, 163, 168), (6- 16, 45, 59, 60, 72, 73, 74, 75, 87, 91, 99, 108, 109, 110, 115, 116, 120), (7- 2, 7, 9, 12, 13, 14, 16, 33, 76, 92, 94, 107, 122, 148, 151, 152, 180, 184, 190), (8- 21, 24, 31, 35, 51, 54, 56, 57, 58, 59, 61, 66, 67, 73, 75, 79, 85, 93, 94), (9- 19, 29, 33, 34, 57, 59, 61), (10,8), (11,26).''

*A king named Srinjaya is mentioned as an ally of [[Jayadratha]] king of [[Sindhu kingdom]]. (3,263).

===== The Prabhadrakas =====

''Prabhadrakas seems to be an elite army obtained by Panchalas from the [[Kamboja kingdom|Kambojas]]. They could also be a Panchala army-unit or a Panchala tribe, that were trained in cavalry warfare by the Kambojas''.

At (7,23) the Prabhadrakas were mentioned as hailing from [[Kamboja kingdom]].<ref>In MBH verse 7.23.43, as it can be seen from original Sanskrit text, the term ''Prabhadraka'' has been used as a ''qualifier'' before the Kambojas:

: {{Lang|hi|Yuktaih Paramakambojairjavanairhemamalibhih.
:bhishayanto dvishatsainyan yama vaishravanopamah.{{!}}{{!}}42{{!}}{{!}}:prabhadrakastu kambojah shatsahasranyudayudhah.
:nanavarnairhayashreshthairhemachitrarathadhvajah. {{!}}{{!}}43{{!}}{{!}}:sharavratairvidhunvantah shatrunvitatakarmukah.
:samanamrityavo bhutva dhrishtadyumnan samanvayuh.{{!}}{{!}}44{{!}}{{!}}:}} (MBH Gorakhpore Rec., 7.23.42-44)
Hence in this context, the term ''Prabhadraka'' definitely implies adjective and not ''noun'', and may not, therefore, be confused with the ''Prabhadraka clan''. As an adjective, the term ''Prabhadraka/Prabhadrakastu'' means ''exceedingly handsome'' (Check up ''Prabhadraka'' in [[Monier Monier-Williams|Monier-William Dictionary]] [http://webapps.uni-koeln.de/tamil/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080126035307/http://webapps.uni-koeln.de/tamil/ |date=26 January 2008 }}). Researchers like Dr J. L. Kamboj, S Kirpal Singh etc have, therefore correctly taken the term ''Prabhadraka'' in the sense of an ''adjective'' rather than noun in the present context. Ganguli's translation is in error here. In fact, according to Sanskrit scholars, Ganguli's translation of MBH has numerous translations errors.</ref> (See also note 4 & 5 in: [[Parama Kamboja kingdom]]). They could be the army bought by Panchals from the Kambojas, since Kambojas were famous for lending their horses or [[cavalry]] to any party on payment basis:- The Prabhadrakas of the Kamvoja country, numbering 6000, with upraised weapons, with excellent steeds on their gold-decked cars, with stretched bows, supported [[Dhristadyumna]] (6, 19), (7,23). To distinguish them from the proper Panchala army or from other Prabhadrakas, they were mentioned as Prabhadraka-Panchalas (7,151). They were 6000 in numbers and mentioned as supporting [[Shikhandi]] at (7,151). They were an elite group in the Pandava army (5- 48, 199). This army is mentioned as battling on the side of [[Pandavas]] at (6,112), (7- 159, 182), (8- 12, 22, 30, 48, 49, 56, 67), (9- 7, 11, 15, 27). [[Karna]] slew 770 foremost of warriors among the Prabhadrakas initially (8,48). He then slew 1700 of them (8, 67).

A group of Prabhadrakas is mentioned as battling ''against'' [[Dhristadyumna]] at (7,92):- The chief of [[Avanti kingdom (Mahabharata)|Avanti]], with the [[Sauvira kingdom|Sauviras]] and the cruel Prabhadrakas, resisted wrathful [[Dhrishtadyumna]].

The Kasayas ([[Kasi kingdom|Kasis]]), the [[Chedi kingdom|Chedis]], the [[Matsya kingdom|Matsyas]], the Srinjayas, the Panchalas, and the Prabhadrakas were mentioned as separate armies at (5,57). Prabhadrakas and Panchalas were mentioned as separate armies at (5- 152, 172), (6- 19, 49, 56), (7- 23, 33, 181, 191), (8- 61) and (9,1).

When [[Ashwathama]] slaughtered the Panchalas in an ambush at night, when they were asleep, the Prabhadrakas headed by [[Shikhandi]] woke up and tried to put up some resistance. But Ashwathama and his army slew them all including Shikhandi.

=== Other references ===

*Brahmadatta is mentioned as a highly devout king of Panchala at (13,137). Here he is mentioned as donating a conch-shell. At (12,233) he is mentioned as donating two precious jewels called Nidhi and Sankha. He is mentioned at (12,342) also.
*A sage from Panchala is mentioned as Rishi-Panchala (also known as Galava, born in the Vabhravya race) at (12-342,347). He compiled the rules in respect of the division of syllables and words for reading the [[Vedas]] and those about emphasis and accent in utterance, and shone as the first scholar who became conversant with those two subjects. He is mentioned to have acquired the science of Krama.

;Literary significance of Kampilya

In Kampil there have also been great poets. (1) Mathura Chaubey Mukatimani (Kaviraja). Aurangzeb gave him 500 bigha of free hold land that is still in the possession of the family. A descendant of this poet Ms. Neera Misra Chairperson of Draupadi Trust is working for Restoration of the historical and heritage value of this land. (references: Kampilyamahatmya of Durgadatta Sharma, Information as per the book Dalpati Chandrika)

==Jain temple==
[[File:Kampilya - Vimanatha.jpg|thumb|upright=0.5|[[Vimalanatha]] statue inside Vimalnath Digambar Jain temple]]
It is believed to be the birthplace of the 13th tirthankar Brahlan Vimal Nath. This is a Holy Land where the four Kalyanakas—chayavan, birth, diksa and omniscience—of Tirthankar 1008 Bhagawan [[Vimalnath]] ji, the thirteenth Tirthnakara took place. It was also graced by the visit of Lord Mahavir. Two temples dedicated to the 13th Teerthankar one belonging to the Shwetambar Jains and other to the Digambar Jains are situated at this place.

1. Shri Vimalnath Digambar Jain Atishay Kshetra: this 1800 year old temple us dedicated to Bhagwan Vimalnatha, thirteenth Tirthankara of Jainism. Temple has about 60 cm high black coloured idol of Bhagawan Vimalanatha in the Padmasana Posture. This Idol is around 2600 years old. It is said{{by who?|date=March 2021}} that the idol was recovered from the river Ganga. There are many other idols worth to be seen. The spire of temple is very high and vast.

2. Shri Vimalnath Swami Jain Shwetambar Mandir & Dharmashala: The idol of Lord Vimalnath stands in the main hall. This idol is nearly 45 cm high, white coloured idol of Bhagawan Vimalanatha in the Padmasana posture. It was established by Shri Vijaykumar Daga.

==Geography==
Kampil is located at {{Coord|27.62|N|79.28|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Kampil.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Kampil]</ref> It has an average elevation of 145 metres (475 feet).

==Rashtrakuta kings==
Kampilya was also ruled by [[Rashtrakuta dynasty|Rashtrakuta]] kings and supported Kampliya Vihar having more than 500 monks in the Monastery. [Please add more details with references]

== Demographics of Present Day Kampil==

{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Kampil had a population of 8475. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Kampil has an average literacy rate of 47%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 55%, and female literacy is 37%. In Kampil, 21% of the population is under 6 years of age.[[File:Kampilys Agastya Temple.jpg|thumb|Ruins of an ancient temple in Kampil (Kampilya). The mound below indicates an archaeological site]][[File:Time eroded Sivling in Kampil.jpg|thumb|Time eroded Shivlings on the mound of a destroyed ancient temple in Kampil (Kampilya), believed to be temple consecrated by Rishi Agastya as per local legend.]]

==See also==
*[[Panchala]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Farrukhabad district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Farrukhabad district]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Capitals of ancient kingdoms in Uttar Pradesh]]

Devender Kumar

2026-03-08T18:33:24Z

Shailendra: created basic bio more to come

<gallery>
</gallery>
[[File:Devender Kumar.jpg|thumb]]
[[File:Devender Kumar 2.jpg|thumb]]

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Short description|Indian sports commentator}}

{{Infobox person
| name = 
| image = 
| alt = 
| caption =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date ={{Birth year and age|1988}}
| birth_place = Chhatarpura, Jodhpur district, Rajasthan, India
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| other_names =
| occupation = Cricket and sports commentator
| years_active =
| notable_works =
}}

'''Devender Kumar''' (born 1988) is an Indian [[sports commentator]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/nation/chasing-his-tony-greig-dream-nowhere-to-right-there-514496|title=Chasing his Tony Greig dream: Nowhere to right there |first=Subhash |last=Rajta |date=17 December 2017 |website=[[The Tribune (India)|The Tribune]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Acharya |first=Shayan |title=Near-death experience won’t stop Indian cricket commentator from calling the game in Afghanistan |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/indian-cricket-commentator-devender-kumar-bomb-blast-afghanistan-sphageeza-league-match-kabul-stadium-taliban/article65759780.ece |date=12 August 2022 |access-date=2023-08-28 |website=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> He is also a BBC Test Match Special Commentator. For his passion, bravery, and dedication to Afghanistan Cricket he also known as the "voice of Afghanistan cricket"<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/devender-kumar-the-indian-commentator-who-is-now-the-voice-of-afghanistan-cricket-1450967|title=The Indian commentator who is now the voice of Afghanistan cricket|website=ESPNcricinfo | first=Daya | last=Sagar | date=13 September 2024 | accessdate=16 July 2025}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Devender Kumar was born in 1988 in Chhatarpura village near [[Jodhpur]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/devender-kumar-commentator-voice-of-afghanistan-cricket-jodhpur-kabul-9561926/|title=Braving bomb blast, winning hearts: Indian commentator Devender Kumar’s journey from Jodhpur to Kabul|date=11 September 2024|newspaper=The Indian Express|first=Pratyush|last=Raj|accessdate=16 July 2025}}</ref><ref name="auto"/> He was educated at a government Hindi-medium school.<ref name="news18">{{Cite web |date=20 August 2022 |title=क्रिकेट की दीवानगी ने पहुंचाया अफगानिस्तान, ठीक से आती नहीं थी हिंदी, अब इंग्लिश में करते हैं कमेंट्री |trans-title=Cricket craze brought him to Afghanistan, he did not know Hindi properly, now he does commentary in English |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/rajasthan/jaipur-inspirational-story-jodhpur-devendra-kumar-did-cricket-match-commentary-in-english-at-afghanistan-t-20-cgpg-4484919.html |first=Mahesh |last=Dadhich |access-date=2023-08-28 |website=[[News18]] |language=hi}}</ref> He holds a [[diploma]] in [[nursing]].<ref name="Mehta2017">{{Cite news |title=The ‘Tony Greig’ from Jodhpur village |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=18 December 2017 |author=Ashish Mehta |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/the-tony-grieg-from-jodhpur-village/articleshow/62110745.cms |access-date=2023-08-28 |issn=0971-8257 }}</ref><ref name="auto"/>

From an early age, Kumar had an interest in cricket commentary. He was influenced by [[Tony Greig]]'s commentary and made efforts to learn English using [[radio program]]s, such as [[Voice of America]]'s ''Dynamic English'', and [[English dictionary|English dictionaries]].<ref name="Mehta2017"/>

== Career ==
Kumar began his professional career as a staff [[nurse]].<ref name="Mehta2017"/> He was offered a job at a [[hospital]] in [[New York (state)|New York]], but he declined to focus on his career as a commentator.<ref name="Mehta2017"/><ref name="auto"/>

As a commentator, Kumar was given an opportunity to commentate on the [[Irish cricket team against Afghanistan in the UAE in 2017–18|Ireland vs. Afghanistan cricket series in 2017]].<ref name="Mehta2017"/><ref name="auto" /> He has been doing commentary for [[domestic cricket|domestic]] and [[international cricket]] matches under the [[Afghanistan Cricket Board]] since 2017.<ref name="news18"/>

Apart from cricket, Kumar has also commentated for other sports, including [[badminton]], [[association football|football]], [[handball]], [[horse polo]], [[kabaddi]], [[karate]], [[tennis]], and [[volleyball]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/cricket/050623/indian-voice-in-sri-lanka-afghanistan-matches.html|title=Indian voice in Sri Lanka-Afghanistan matches |first=Bipin |last=Dani |date=5 June 2023 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Devender}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1988 births]]
[[Category:Indian cricket commentators]]
[[Category:People from Jodhpur]]

List of Tamil films of 1997

2026-03-07T05:31:43Z

Shailendra: improve content to improve readability further and added references

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2020}}
Post-amendment to the Tamil Nadu Entertainments Tax Act 1939 on 1 April 1958, Gross jumped to 140 per cent of Nett <ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20171120150153/http://www.lawsofindia.org/pdf/tamil_nadu/1939/1939TN10.pdf Government raised entertainment tax to 40% (from 33%) in 1958]}}</ref> Commercial Taxes Department disclosed {{INR}}108 crore in entertainment tax revenue for the year.<ref>[https://ctd.tn.gov.in/documents/10184/20741/STATISTICAL+COMPENDIUM+2012-2013/9fb9d066-c862-412b-bc88-f29d4091164e?version=1.1 CTD reports {{INR}}108 crore ET collection in 1997-98]</ref>

{{Tamil films}}

A list of films produced in the [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] film industry in India in [[1997 in film|1997]] by release date.

==List of released films==

===January — March===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="2" | Opening
! Title !! Director !! Cast !! Studio !! Ref
|- January!
| rowspan="13" valign="center" align="center" style="background:#FFA07A; textcolor:#000;" | '''J A N'''
| rowspan="1" align="center" | '''10'''
| ''[[Sakthi (1997 film)|Sakthi]]'' || [[R. Raghu Raj]] || [[Vineeth]], [[Yuvarani]]
|[[K. T. Kunjumon|Gentleman Film International]]||
|-
| rowspan="8" align="center" | '''14'''
| ''[[Dharma Chakkaram]]'' || [[K. S. Ravikumar]] || [[Vijayakanth]], [[Deepti Bhatnagar]], [[Rambha (actress)|Rambha]]
|[[Lakshmi Movie Makers]]||
|-
| ''[[Iruvar]]'' || [[Mani Ratnam]] || [[Mohanlal]], [[Aishwarya Rai]], [[Prakash Raj]], [[Gouthami Tadimalla|Gouthami]], [[Revathi]], [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]] ||[[Madras Talkies]]
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newtamilfilms.com/maniratnam/reviews/iruvar-review2.html|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20010305074555/http://www.newtamilfilms.com/maniratnam/reviews/iruvar-review2.html|archive-date = 5 March 2001|url-status=usurped|title = Iruvar Review 2 - Mani Ratnam Page}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kaalamellam Kaathiruppen]]'' || [[R. Sundarrajan]] || [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]], Dimple || M. G. Pictures||
|-
| ''[[Kathirunda Kadhal]]'' || Vijeshwaran || [[Arun Vijay]], [[Suvalakshmi]] ||Ganga Gowri Productions||
|-
| ''[[Minsara Kanavu]]'' || [[Rajiv Menon]] || [[Arvind Swamy]], [[Prabhu Deva]], [[Kajol]] || [[AVM Productions]]|| <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/minsaara.htm |title = MInsaara Kanavu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001212081500fw_/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/minsaara.htm |archive-date=12 December 2000 |url-status=usurped}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Nalla Manasukkaran]]'' || Jayarajendran || [[Pandiarajan]], Jayaragini || Annai Sree Baalaambikai Creations||
|-
| ''Om Saravana Bhava'' || N. Krishnaswamy || Sowmyan, Vidyasri || ||
|-
| ''[[Periya Thambi]]'' || [[Chitra Lakshmanan]] || [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]], [[Nagma]] || [[Gayathri Films]]||
|-
| rowspan="3" align="center" | '''15'''
| ''[[Bharathi Kannamma]]'' || [[Cheran (director)|Cheran]] || [[R. Parthiban]], [[Meena (actress)|Meena]] || [[Henry (producer)|Pangaj Productions]]|| <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/bharathi.htm |title = Bharathi Kannamma: Movie Review Page |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990901075637/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/bharathi.htm |archive-date=1 September 1999 |url-status=usurped}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Gopura Deepam]]'' || [[Ramarajan]] || [[Ramarajan]], [[Sukanya (actress)|Sukanya]]
|Kashtoori Films International||
|-
| ''[[Nesam]]'' || [[K. Subash]] || [[Ajith Kumar]], [[Maheswari]]
|Dhanooja Films||
|-
| rowspan="1" align="center" | '''30'''
| ''[[Pudhayal]]'' || [[Selva (director)|Selva]] || [[Mammooty]], [[Arvind Swamy]], [[Aamani]], [[Sakshi Shivanand]]
|[[Kovai Chezhiyan|Cheran Cine Makers]]|| <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/pudhayal.htm |title = Pudhayal Movie Review |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990420014711/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/pudhayal.htm |archive-date=20 April 1999 |url-status=usurped}}</ref>
|- February!
| rowspan="9" valign="center" align="center" style="background:#D8BFD8; textcolor:#000;" | '''F E B'''
| rowspan="1" align="center" | '''12'''
| ''[[Kaalamellam Kadhal Vaazhga]]'' || [[R. Balu]] || [[Murali (Tamil actor)|Murali]], [[Kausalya (actress)|Kausalya]]
|[[Sivasakthi Movie Makers]]|| <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/kalmella.htm |title = Kalmellam Kadhal Vazhga |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010307084748fw_/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/kalmella.htm |archive-date=7 March 2001 |url-status=usurped}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" align="center" | '''14'''
| ''[[Ettupatti Rasa]]'' || [[Kasthuri Raja]] || [[Napoleon (actor)|Napoleon]], [[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]], [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]]
|Pyramid Films International||
|-
| ''Parama Pithaa'' || K. Alexander || [[Nizhalgal Ravi]], Vijaya
|||
|-
| ''[[Vaimaye Vellum]]'' || [[P. Vasu]] || [[R. Parthiban]], [[Rachana Banerjee]]
|S. B. Films||
|-
| rowspan="2" align="center" | '''21'''
| ''[[Mannava (film)|Mannava]]'' || L. M. Balaji || [[Prashanth]], [[Sanghavi]], [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]]
|[[Thiagarajan|Star Movies]]||
|-
| ''Maradha Uravu'' || Thiruvarangan || Rajiv, Rajam
|||
|-
| rowspan="3" align="center" | '''28'''
| ''Adhipathi'' || Balaraja || Varunraj, Apsara
|||
|-
| ''[[Aravindhan]]'' || T. Nagarajan || [[Sarath Kumar]], [[R. Parthiban]], [[Nagma]]
|[[T. Siva|Amma Creations]]||
|-
| ''[[Mappillai Gounder]]'' || [[Manivasagam]] || [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]], [[Sakshi Shivanand]], [[Swathi (actress)|Swathi]]
|Janaki Films||
|- March
| rowspan="1" valign="center" align="center" style="background:#98FB98; textcolor:#000;" | '''M A R'''
| rowspan="1" align="center" | '''6'''
| ''[[Vivasaayi Magan]]'' || [[Ramarajan]] || [[Ramarajan]], [[Devayani (actress)|Devayani]]
|Mahalakshmi International||
|}

===April — June===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="2" | Opening
! Title !! Director !! Cast !! Studio !! Ref
|- April!
| rowspan="7" valign="center" align="center" style="background:#FFDEAD;" | '''A P R'''
| rowspan="2" align="center" | '''10'''
| ''[[Arunachalam (film)|Arunachalam]]'' || [[Sundar C]] || [[Rajinikanth]], [[Soundarya]], [[Rambha (actress)|Rambha]], [[Visu]]
|Annamalai Cine Combines|| <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/arunacha.htm |title = Arunachalam |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001025184017/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/arunacha.htm |archive-date=25 October 2000 |url-status=usurped}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Thaali Pudhusu]]'' || [[Keyaar|Keyar]] || [[Ramki (actor)|Ramki]], [[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]]
|Perumal Productions|| <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/thaali.htm |title = Thaali Puthusu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010307084400fw_/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/thaali.htm |archive-date=7 March 2001 |url-status=usurped}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" align="center" | '''14'''
| ''[[Dhinamum Ennai Gavani]]'' || [[A. R. Ramesh]] || [[Ramki (actor)|Ramki]], [[Sanghavi]]
|[[Ibrahim Rowther|Tamilannai Cine Creations]]||
|-
| ''My India'' || K. Alex Pandian || [[Shihan Hussaini]], [[Vani Viswanath]], [[Swathi (actress)|Swathi]]
| Deivaanai Movies ||
|-
| ''[[Raasi (film)|Raasi]]'' || Muraliappas || [[Ajith Kumar]], [[Rambha (actress)|Rambha]], [[Prakash Raj]]
|[[S. S. Chakravarthy|NIC Arts]]
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ajithkumar.free.fr/filmographie/raasi.htm|title=www.ajithkumar.fr.fm}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" align="center" | '''19'''
| ''[[Vallal]]'' || [[Raj Kapoor (Tamil film director)|Rajkapoor]] || [[Sathyaraj]], [[Meena (actress)|Meena]], [[Roja Selvamani|Roja]], [[Sangita Madhavan Nair|Sangeetha]], [[Goundamani]], [[Senthil]]
|Raaj Films International||
|-
| rowspan="1" align="center" | '''27'''
| ''[[Sishya (film)|Sishya]]'' || [[Selva (director)|Selva]] || [[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]], [[Roshini (actress)|Roshini]]
|Tharangai V. Sunder
|
|- May!
| rowspan="5" valign="center" align="center" style="background:#edafaf;" | '''M A Y'''
| rowspan="4" align="center" |'''9'''
|''[[Adimai Changili]]''
|[[R. K. Selvamani]]
|[[Arjun Sarja|Arjun]], [[Roja Selvamani|Roja]], [[Rambha (actress)|Rambha]]
|Sai Roja Companies
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vijiyan |first=K. N. |date=24 May 1997 |title=Poor finish after great start |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7PxOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=GRUEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6867%2C5929685 |access-date=12 January 2024 |work=[[New Straits Times]] |pages=Arts 4}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Love Today (1997 film)|Love Today]]'' || [[Balasekaran]] || [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]], [[Suvalakshmi]], [[Manthra (actress)|Manthra]]
|[[R. B. Choudary|Super Good Films]]
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/lovetoday.htm |title = Love Today Movie Review |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990419205604/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/lovetoday.htm |archive-date=19 April 1999 |url-status=usurped}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Pistha (1997 film)|Pistha]]'' || [[K. S. Ravikumar]] || [[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]], [[Nagma]]
|Pyramid Films International
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/pistha.htm |title = Pistha Movie Review |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990420011600/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/pistha.htm |archive-date=20 April 1999 |url-status=usurped}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Pongalo Pongal]]'' || [[V. Sekhar]] || [[Vignesh (actor)|Vignesh]], [[Sangita Madhavan Nair|Sangeetha]], [[Vadivelu]], [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]]
|Thiruvalluvar Kalaikoodam
|
|-
| rowspan="1" align="center" | '''23'''
| ''[[Ullaasam]]'' || [[J. D.–Jerry]]|| [[Ajith Kumar]], [[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]], [[Maheswari]] || [[Amitabh Bachchan Corporation]] || <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/ullasam.htm |title=Ullasam |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010307084745fw_/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/ullasam.htm |archive-date=7 March 2001 |url-status=usurped}}</ref>
|- June!
| rowspan="3" valign="center" align="center" style="background:#d9c1b0;" | '''J U N'''
| rowspan="1" align="center" | '''6'''
| ''[[Pasamulla Pandiyare]]'' || [[T. P. Gajendran]] || [[Rajkiran]], [[Meena (actress)|Meena]], [[Roja Selvamani|Roja]]
|Meenakshi Arts
|
|-
| rowspan="2" align="center" | '''27'''
| ''[[Devathai]]'' || [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] || [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]], [[Vineeth]], [[Keerthi Reddy]] || Indus Film Factory
| <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.webpage.com/hindu/daily/970704/09/09040223.htm |title=THE HINDU ONLINE : Friday, July 04, 1997 Entertainment 09040223.HTM |website=www.webpage.com |access-date=11 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970705032019/http://www.webpage.com/hindu/daily/970704/09/09040223.htm |archive-date=5 July 1997 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Surya Vamsam (1997 film)|Suryavamsam]]'' || [[Vikraman]] || [[Sarath Kumar]], [[Devayani (actress)|Devayani]], [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]], [[Priya Raman]]
|[[R. B. Choudary]]
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/suryav.htm |title = Surya Vamsam |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010307084055fw_/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/suryav.htm |archive-date=7 March 2001 |url-status=usurped}}</ref>
|}

===July — September===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="2" | Opening
! Title !! Director !! Cast !! Studio !! Ref
|- July!
| rowspan="5" valign="center" align="center" style="background: #d0f0c0; textcolor:#000;" | '''J U L'''
| rowspan="3" align="center" | '''4'''
| ''[[Nattupura Nayagan]]'' || [[Rama Narayanan]] || [[Selva (actor)|Selva]], [[Swathi (actress)|Swathi]], Timea || Karumari Movies
|
|-
| ''[[Once More (1997 film)|Once More]]'' || [[S. A. Chandrasekhar]] || [[Sivaji Ganesan]], [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]], [[Simran (actress)|Simran]], [[B. Sarojadevi|Saroja Devi]], [[Anju Aravind]]
|Shree Ganesh Vision
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/oncemore.htm |title = Once More |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010629192410fw_/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/oncemore.htm |archive-date=29 June 2001 |url-status=usurped}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[V. I. P. (1997 film)|V. I. P]] ''|| [[Sabapathy Dekshinamurthy|D. Sabhapathi]] || [[Prabhu Deva]], [[Abbas (actor)|Abbas]], [[Simran (actress)|Simran]], [[Rambha (actress)|Rambha]]
|[[Kalaipuli S. Dhanu]]
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/vip.htm |title = V.I.P. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010629190240fw_/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/vip.htm |archive-date=29 June 2001 |url-status=usurped}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" align="center" | '''11'''
| ''[[Nandhini (film)|Nandhini]]'' || [[Manobala]] || [[Prakash Raj]], [[Suhasini Maniratnam|Suhasini]], [[Keerthi Reddy]]
|[[Pyramid Natarajan|V. Natarajan]]
|
|-
| rowspan="1" align="center" | '''25'''
| ''[[Kaadhali (1997 film)|Kaadhali]]'' || Sidhu || [[Vignesh (actor)|Vignesh]], [[Devayani (actress)|Devayani]]
|Tara Creations
|
|- August!
| rowspan="6" valign="center" align="center" style="background:#C2B280;" | '''A U G'''
| rowspan="1" align="center" | '''1'''
| ''[[Pagaivan]]'' || [[Ramesh Balakrishnan]] || [[Ajith Kumar]], [[Sathyaraj]], [[Anjala Zhaveri]]
|Viswas Films
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ajithkumar.free.fr/filmographie/pagaivan.htm|title=www.ajithkumar.fr.fm}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" align="center" | '''15'''
| ''Anubhavam Pudhumai'' || S. Raj || Venki, Jothy
| T. V. Productions ||
|-
| ''[[Kadhal Palli]]'' || [[Pavithran (Tamil film director)|Pavithran]] || [[Vignesh (actor)|Vignesh]], [[Suvalakshmi]]
| N. R. D. Film Circuit ||
|-
| ''Sathi Sanam'' || [[V. Jayaprakash|Jayaprakash]] || Mahesh, Ovia
| Chozha Creations ||
|-
| rowspan="2" align="center" | '''22'''
| ''[[Periya Idathu Mappillai]]'' || [[Guru Dhanapal]] || [[Jayaram]], [[Devayani (actress)|Devayani]], [[Manthra (actress)|Manthra]]
|Murugan Movies
|
|-
| ''[[Raman Abdullah]]'' || [[Balu Mahendra]] || [[Sivakumar]], [[Vignesh (actor)|Vignesh]], [[Karan (actor)|Karan]], [[Eshwari Rao]], Rudra
| Anand Cine Arts || <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/raaman.htm |title = Raaman Abdullah |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010629190306fw_/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/raaman.htm |archive-date=29 June 2001 |url-status=usurped}}</ref>
|- September!
| rowspan="8" valign="center" align="center" style="background:#F5DEB3; textcolor:#000;" | '''S E P'''
| rowspan="3" align="center" | '''5'''
| ''[[Abhimanyu (1997 film)|Abhimanyu]]'' || [[K. Subash]] || [[R. Parthiban]], [[Ravali]]
|Sree Charan Films
|
|-
| ''[[Kalyana Vaibhogam]]''|| N. Rathnam || [[Ramki]], [[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]], [[Sangita Madhavan Nair|Sangita]]
|Gomathi Shankar Films
|
|-
| ''[[Nerrukku Ner]]'' || [[Vasanth]] || [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]], [[Suriya (actor)|Suriya]], [[Simran (actress)|Simran]], [[Kausalya (actress)|Kausalya]]
|[[Madras Talkies]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/nerukkuner.htm |title=Nerukku Ner |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010307084303fw_/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/nerukkuner.htm |archive-date=7 March 2001 |url-status=usurped}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" align="center" | '''12'''
| ''Adrasakkai Adrasakkai'' || [[V. C. Guhanathan]] || [[Pandiarajan]], [[Sangita Madhavan Nair|Sangita]], [[Anusha (actress)|Anusha]] || Victory Movies ||
|-
| ''[[Ganga Gowri (1997 film)|Ganga Gowri]]'' || Madheswaran || [[Arun Vijay|Arun Kumar]], [[Sangita Madhavan Nair|Sangeetha]], [[Manthra (actress)|Manthra]]
|Ganga Gowri Production
|
|-
| ''Naalaya Udhayam'' || K. R. Ranjith || K. R. Ranjith, Rani Chitra
|||
|-
| rowspan="1" align="center" | '''19'''
| ''[[Aahaa Enna Porutham]]'' || [[C. Ranganathan]] || [[Ramki (actor)|Ramki]], [[Sanghavi]]
|K.B Films
|
|-
| rowspan="1" align="center" | '''26'''
| ''[[Paththini (1997 film)|Paththini]]'' || [[P. Vasu]] || [[Jayaram]], [[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]]
|Good Luck Films
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cscsarchive.org/MediaArchive/art.nsf/(docid)/0A189F1D971D3950652569400062A3E1?OpenDocument|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609161603/http://www.cscsarchive.org/MediaArchive/art.nsf/(docid)/0A189F1D971D3950652569400062A3E1?OpenDocument|archive-date=9 June 2020|title=Reviews - Deccan Herald}}</ref>
|}

===October — December===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="2" | Opening
! Title !! Director !! Cast !! Studio !! Ref
|- October!
| rowspan="10" valign="center" align="center" style="background:#FFB7C5;" | '''O C T'''
| rowspan="1" align="center" | '''10'''
| ''[[Samrat (1997 film)|Samrat]]'' || [[Sakthi Chidambaram|C. Dinakaran]] || [[Ramki (actor)|Ramki]], [[Vineetha]], Rukma
|Lakshmikaran Enterprises
|
|-
| rowspan="8" align="center" | '''30'''
| ''[[Aahaa..! (1997 film)|Aahaa..!]]'' || [[Suresh Krishna (director)|Suresh Krishna]] || [[Rajiv Krishna]], [[Tejali Ghanekar|Sulekha]]
|Shogun Films
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/aaha.htm |title=Aaha |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010107005400fw_/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/aaha.htm |archive-date=7 January 2001 |url-status=usurped}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Periya Manushan]]'' || [[Guru Dhanapal]] || [[Sathyaraj]], [[Ravali]]
|Guru Film International
|
|-
| ''[[Porkkaalam]]'' || [[Cheran (director)|Cheran]] || [[Murali (Tamil actor)|Murali]], [[Meena (actress)|Meena]], [[Sanghavi]], [[Manivannan]], [[Vadivelu]] || [[Roja Combines]]
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/porkaalam.htm |title = Porkaalam |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990901101723/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/porkaalam.htm |archive-date=1 September 1999 |url-status=usurped}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Ratchagan]]'' || [[Praveen Gandhi|Praveen Kanth]] || [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]], [[Sushmita Sen]], [[Girish Karnad]], [[Raghuvaran]]
| [[K. T. Kunjumon|Gentleman Films]]
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/ratchagan.htm |title = Ratchagan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010222121228fw_/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/ratchagan.htm |archive-date=22 February 2001 |url-status=usurped}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Thedinen Vanthathu]]'' || Ravi Varma || [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]], [[Manthra (actress)|Manthra]], [[Goundamani]]
|Shiva Shree Pictures
|
|-
| ''[[Themmangu Paattukaaran]]'' || [[Gangai Amaren]] || [[Ramarajan]], [[Aamani]]
|Sree Devi Bahavathy Films
|
|-
| ''[[Vasuke]]'' || [[Kasthuri Raja]] || [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]], [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]]
|Anand Movie Land
|
|-
| ''[[Vidukathai|Vidukadhai]]'' || [[Agathiyan]] || [[Prakash Raj]], [[Neena (Tamil actress)|Neena]]
|[[Kavithalayaa Productions]]
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=FP1OAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_RQEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2574%2C741018|title=When a girl marries an old man|newspaper=New Straits Times|date=22 November 1997|access-date=24 March 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" align="center" | '''31'''
| ''[[Janakiraman]]'' || [[Sundar C]] || [[Sarath Kumar]], [[Nagma]], [[Rambha (actress)|Rambha]], [[Goundamani]], [[Senthil]]
|Malar Films
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/janakiraman.htm |title = JanakiRaman |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010629190607fw_/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/janakiraman.htm |archive-date=29 June 2001 |url-status=usurped}}</ref>
|- November!
| rowspan="2" valign="center" align="center" style="background:#ACE1AF;" | '''N O V'''
| rowspan="2" align="center" | '''28'''
| ''[[Thadayam]]'' || [[Ramesh Balakrishnan]] || [[Ramki (actor)|Ramki]], [[Vijayashanti]], [[Indraja]]
|Maruthi Movie Makers
|
|-
| ''Veerapandi Kottayiley'' || Chandernath || [[Ram G|Ramji]], Maina ||
|
|- December!
| rowspan="8" valign="center" align="center" style="background:#B8860B;" | '''D E C'''
| rowspan="3" align="center" | '''5'''
| ''[[Kadavul]]'' || [[Velu Prabhakaran]] || [[Velu Prabhakaran]], [[Arun Pandian]], [[Roja Selvamani|Roja]] || Deccan Pictures
|
|-
| ''[[Roja Malare]]'' || [[T. M. Jayamurugan|Jayamurugan]] || [[Murali (Tamil actor)|Murali]], [[Riva Bubber]], [[Arun Pandian]] || Kamalam Movies
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/rmalarae.htm |title = New Page |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010629191842fw_/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/rmalarae.htm |archive-date=29 June 2001 |url-status=usurped}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Thambi Durai]]'' || [[Senthilnathan]] || [[Saravanan (actor)|Saravanan]], [[Sukanya (actress)|Sukanya]] || Sree Maariamman Films
|
|-
| rowspan="3" align="center" | '''12'''
| ''[[Arasiyal]]'' || [[R. K. Selvamani]] || [[Mammootty]], [[Shilpa Shirodkar]], [[Roja Selvamani|Roja]] || Motherland Movies Internationals
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/arasiyal.htm |title = Arasiyal: Movie Review |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000303090554/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/arasiyal.htm |archive-date=3 March 2000 |url-status=usurped}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Poochudava]]'' || [[Director Udayasankar|Udayasankar]] || [[Abbas (actor)|Abbas]], [[Simran (actress)|Simran]] ||
|
|-
| ''[[Rettai Jadai Vayasu]]'' || C. Sivakumar || [[Ajith Kumar]], [[Manthra (actress)|Manthra]] || Bhagyam Cine Combines
|
|-
| rowspan="1" align="center" | '''19'''
| ''[[Kadhalukku Mariyadhai]]'' || [[Fazil (director)|Fazil]] || [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]], [[Shalini (actress)|Shalini]], [[Sivakumar]], [[Srividya]], [[KPAC Lalitha]] || [[Sangili Murugan|Murugan Cine Arts]]
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/kmariyad.htm |title = Kaadhalukku Mariyaadhai: Movie Review |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990419185644/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/kmariyad.htm |archive-date=19 April 1999 |url-status=usurped}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" align="center" | '''26'''
| ''[[Pudhalvan]]'' || Selva Vinayagam || [[Ramki (actor)|Ramki]], [[Pragathi (actress)|Pragathi]], [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] || P. N. R. Pictures
|
|}

== Awards ==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
|-
! rowspan="1" style="width:20px;"| Category/Organization !! rowspan="1" style="width:200px;"| [[Cinema Express Awards]] 23 August 1998<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/awards/24-08-98/express.htm |title=Dinakaran |access-date=2020-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990203185354/http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/awards/24-08-98/express.htm |archive-date=1999-02-03 |url-status=live }}</ref> !! rowspan="1" style="width:200px;"| Dinakaran Cinema Awards 12 April 1998<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/awards/dkn1997/1997dkn.htm |title=Dinakaran |access-date=2020-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980615070355/http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/awards/dkn1997/1997dkn.htm |archive-date=1998-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> !! rowspan="1" style="width:200px;"| [[47th Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Awards South]] August 1998{{Citation needed|date=April 2022}} !! rowspan="1" style="width:200px;"| [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]] 27 November 1998<ref>{{cite web | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980615070401/http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/awards/1996awards.htm | archive-date=15 June 1998 | url=http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/awards/1996awards.htm | title=1996 Cinema State Awards | publisher=dinakaran.com | access-date=30 June 2020 }}</ref>
|-
| Best Film || ''[[Suryavamsam (1997 film)|Suryavamsam]]'' || ''[[Suryavamsam (1997 film)|Suryavamsam]]'' || ''[[Bharathi Kannamma]]'' || ''[[Arunachalam (film)|Arunachalam]]'' / ''[[Suryavamsam (1997 film)|Suryavamsam]]''
|-
| Best Director || [[Vikraman]] ''[[Suryavamsam (1997 film)|Suryavamsam]]'' || [[Cheran (director)|Cheran]] ''[[Porkkaalam]]'' || [[Cheran (director)|Cheran]] ''[[Bharathi Kannamma]]'' || [[Cheran (director)|Cheran]] / [[Vikraman]] ''[[Porkkaalam]]'' / ''[[Suryavamsam (1997 film)|Suryavamsam]]''
|-
| Best Actor || [[Sarathkumar]] ''[[Suryavamsam (1997 film)|Suryavamsam]]'' || [[Sarathkumar]] ''[[Suryavamsam (1997 film)|Suryavamsam]]'' || [[Sarathkumar]] ''[[Suryavamsam (1997 film)|Suryavamsam]]'' || [[R. Parthiepan|Parthiban]] / [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]] ''[[Bharathi Kannamma]]'' / ''[[Kadhalukku Mariyadhai]]''
|-
| Best Actress || [[Meena (actress)|Meena]] ''[[Bharathi Kannamma]]'' || [[Devayani (actress)|Devayani]] ''[[Suryavamsam (1997 film)|Suryavamsam]]'' || [[Meena (actress)|Meena]] ''[[Bharathi Kannamma]]'' || [[Meena (actress)|Meena]] / [[Devayani (actress)|Devayani]] ''[[Porkkaalam]]'' / ''[[Suryavamsam (1997 film)|Suryavamsam]]''
|-
| Best Music Director || [[S. A. Rajkumar]] ''[[Suryavamsam (1997 film)|Suryavamsam]]'' || [[A. R. Rahman]] ''[[Minsara Kanavu]]'' || [[A. R. Rahman]] ''[[Minsara Kanavu]]'' || [[S. A. Rajkumar]] ''[[Suryavamsam (1997 film)|Suryavamsam]]''
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Tamil cinema}}
{{Indian film list}}
{{1997 films}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tamil Films Of 1997}}
[[Category:Lists of Tamil films by year|1997]]
[[Category:1997 in Indian cinema|Films, Tamil]]
[[Category:Lists of 1997 films by language]]
[[Category:1997 Tamil-language films| ]]

Suprabhatam (1998 film)

2026-03-05T02:47:31Z

Shailendra: Creating A Entry V1

{{No plot|date=November 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Suprabhatam
| image =
| caption =
| writer = [[Chintapalli Ramana]] {{small|(dialogues)}}
| story = N. V. S. Unit
| screenplay = Bhimaneni Srinivasa Rao
| producer = Captain N. A. Chowdary
| director = [[Bhimaneni Srinivasa Rao]]
| based_on = [[Gopala Gopala (1996 film)|Gopala Gopala]] (1996) by [[Pandiarajan]]
| starring = [[Srikanth (Telugu actor)|Srikanth]] [[Raasi (actress)|Raasi]]
| narrator =
| music = [[Vandemataram Srinivas]]
| cinematography = Y. Mahendra
| editing = Gowtham Raju
| studio = N. V. S. Creations
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1998|09|18}}
| runtime = 143 mins
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Suprabhatam''''' ({{translation|Good Morning}}) is a 1998 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[comedy-drama]] film directed by [[Bhimaneni Srinivasa Rao]]. It stars [[Srikanth (Telugu actor)|Srikanth]], [[Raasi (actress)|Raasi]] and music composed by [[Vandemataram Srinivas]]. The film was a remake of the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film ''[[Gopala Gopala (1996 film)|Gopala Gopala]]'' (1996).{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Srikanth (Telugu actor)|Srikanth]] as Gopala Krishna
*[[Raasi (actress)|Raasi]] as Vasundhara
*[[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandra Mohan]] as Kutumba Rao
*[[Mannava Balayya|M. Balayya]] as Vasundhara's father
*[[Betha Sudhakar|Sudhakar]] as Tatabbai
*[[Mallikarjuna Rao (actor)|Mallikarjuna Rao]] as Kodandam
*[[Giri Babu]] as Deekshithulu
*[[Amanchi Venkata Subrahmanyam|A.V.S.]] as Gopala Krishna's boss
*Costumes Krishna as Minister
*[[Ali (actor)|Ali]]
*[[Tanikella Bharani]]
*[[M. S. Narayana]]
*[[Venu Madhav (actor)|Venu Madhav]]
*[[Subbaraya Sharma]]
*[[Ananth Babu|Ananth]]
*[[Kallu Chidambaram]]
*[[Bandla Ganesh]]
*[[Tirupathi Prakash]]
*[[Raja Ravindra]]
*[[Kovai Sarala]] as Chukkamma
*[[Mamilla Shailaja Priya|Priya]] as Vasundhara's friend
*[[Alphonsa (actress)|Alphonsa]] as Chilakamma
*[[Ramya Sri]] as Meenakshi
*[[Rajitha]] as Santana Lakshmi
*[[Varsha (Telugu actress)|Varsha]]
*Bhavana
*Siva Parvati
*Radhabai
*[[Kalpana Rai]]
{{colend}}

==Production==
The film is about the misunderstanding between a husband and wife.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1998/Apr/24-Apr-1998.pdf|title=సుప్రభాతం|trans-title=Suprabhatam|language=te|work=[[Zamin Ryot]]|date=24 April 1998|access-date=26 August 2024|page=11}}</ref> The message that even orphans can be considered relatives is showcased in the film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1998/May/15-May-1998.pdf|title=సుప్రభాతం|trans-title=Suprabhatam|language=te|work=Zamin Ryot|date=15 May 1998|access-date=26 August 2024|page=9}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Suprabhatam
| type = film
| artist = [[Vandemataram Srinivas]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1998
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 28:20
| label = [[Aditya Music]]
| producer = [[Vandemataram Srinivas]]
| prev_title = [[Suryudu]]
| prev_year = 1998
| next_title = Daddy Daddy
| next_year = 1998
}}

Music composed by [[Vandemataram Srinivas]]. The music was released under the [[Aditya Music]] label.<ref>{{cite web |title=Suprabhatam (1998) |url=http://play.raaga.com/telugu/album/Suprabhatham-songs-A0000958 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160726074401/http://play.raaga.com/telugu/album/Suprabhatham-songs-A0000958 |archive-date=26 July 2016 |work=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 2 8:20
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics =
| all_music =
| title1 = Prema Modhalaithe
| lyrics1 = [[Sirivennela Sitaramasastri|Sirivennela Sitarama Sastry]]
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam|SP Balu]], [[K. S. Chithra|Chitra]]
| length1 = 5:06
| title2 = Kanna Neekanulaku
| lyrics2 = [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| extra2 = Chitra,Harini
| length2 = 4:50
| title3 = Chandamamarave
| lyrics3 = Sirivennela Sitarama Sastry
| extra3 = Ashok Khosla
| length3 = 4:21
| title4 = O Priya Vasundhara
| lyrics4 = Shanmukha Sarma
| extra4 = SP Balu, Chitra
| length4 = 4:52
| title5 = Thaade Pamayye
| lyrics5 = Sirivennela Sitarama Sastry
| extra5 = Ashok Khosla
| length5 = 4:12
| title6 = Singaraya Konda
| lyrics6 = Chandrabose
| extra6 = SP Balu, [[Swarnalatha]]
| length6 = 4:59
}}

==Reception and box office ==
A critic from ''[[Zamin Ryot]]'' wrote that "Good entertainment. Srinivasa Rao directed Bheemaneni's film ''Suprabhatam'' with the intention of entertaining the audience".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1998/Oct/2-Oct-1998.pdf|title=సుప్రభాతం: చక్కటి వినోదం|language=te|trans-title=Suprabhatam: Good entertainment|work=Zamin Ryot|first=Griddaluru|last=Gopalrao|access-date=26 August 2024}}</ref> A critic from ''Andhra Today'' wrote that "Storyline being very thin, the director's attempt to make it completely entertainment oriented, fails to captivate the attention of the audience".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.andhratoday.com/movie/sbhatham.htm|title=SUPRABHATHAM|work=Andhra Today|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990203000528/http://www.andhratoday.com/movie/sbhatham.htm|archive-date=3 February 1999|access-date=26 August 2024}}</ref> The film was a box office failure.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1998/Dec/25-Dec-1998.pdf|title=ఫ్లాప్ బాధ్యత నాదే!|trans-title=I'm responsible for the flop!|work=Zamin Ryot|language=te|date=25 December 1998|access-date=26 August 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt1612058}}
{{Bhimaneni Srinivasa Rao}}

[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Telugu remakes of Tamil films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vandemataram Srinivas]]
[[Category:1998 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Bhimaneni Srinivasa Rao]]

Madura Mission

2026-03-04T21:43:07Z

Shailendra: small edit

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
[[File:Madurai Mission Map.png|thumb|Map of the villages and residence of the Madurai Mission.]]
The '''Madurai Mission''', or '''Madura Mission''', (1606-1773/1937-1952) was a [[Jesuits|Jesuit]] [[Catholic missions|mission]] founded in 1606 encompassing the south-eastern portion of the [[Indian subcontinent|Indian peninsula]] around the [[Coromandel Coast|Coromandel coast]] stretching from its tip to areas slightly north of the [[Vellar River (Southern Tamil Nadu)|Vellar River]] although it would later lose parts of its jurisdiction to the [[Carnatic Mission]] in 1776.<ref>Hull, p. 519.</ref> It was taken over by the previously mentioned mission following the dissolution of the Jesuits and was only reconstituted as a Jesuit mission again in 1929 before finally being made an independent Jesuit province in its own right in 1952.<ref>Society of Jesus, ''Madura Mission - A History'', para. 2-3 of 4.</ref> These two missions are known as the Old Madurai Mission (1606-1773) and the New Madurai Mission (1937-1952). The mission is distinguished from earlier Christian presence by being those related to and following in the steps of [[Roberto de Nobili]] in the city of [[Madurai]] itself and spreading out across the south east of the peninsula from that point.<ref>Hull, p. 519.</ref>

==Background==
The roots of the Madurai Mission predate its actual founding by almost a century. In 1517 the [[Paravar|Paravars]] of the [[Pearl Fishery Coast]] converted en masse to Christianity as a group in order to gain the protection of the [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portuguese crown]] from Arab traders and raiders.<ref>Sundararaj, p. 118.</ref> The Paravar - associated with Tamil Kingdoms especially the Pandiyan Kingdom from Madurai - population’s links with the Portuguese gave great importance to the Jesuits there, who were seen as a link with the Portuguese with whom local Indian powers could negotiate.<ref>Sundararaj, p. 118.</ref> However, for most of the 16th century, the Jesuits on the Coromandel coast had little interest in going further inland and remained on the coast with the Paravars .<ref>Sundararaj, p. 118.</ref> After the fall of [[Pandyan dynasty|Pandiyan]] Kingdom in Madurai to Telugu Kingdoms, Paravars developed political pacts with other Kingdoms to continue its autonomous status.

This all began to change in the late 16th century during the reign of Telugu-speaking Kingdoms [[Venkata I]] of the [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagar Empire]] who received the Jesuits courteously in 1593 and accepted their request to build a church and proselytise in [[Vijayanagara|Vijayanagar]] itself which gave confidence to the Jesuits regarding the possible expansion of their proselytising efforts into the interior of the subcontinent.<ref>Sundararaj, p. 119.</ref>

==Portuguese period==
===Beginnings===
In 1574 {{Interlanguage link|Gonçalo Fernandes Tracoso|pt|Gonçalo Fernandes Tracoso}}, who had been a former soldier serving the Portuguese in Asia before joining the Jesuits and had been tending to the Paravars since 1560, followed some Paravar migrants to Madurai to take care of their spiritual needs.<ref>Karttunen, ''FERNANDEZ'', para. 1 of 1. Society of Jesus, ''Woodstock Letters'', p. 31.</ref> Madurai was the capital of the [[Madurai Nayak dynasty|Madurai Kingdom]], a vassal state of the Vijayanagar Empire in the South of the Indian peninsula, and was an important [[Brahmin]] centre both culturally and economically.<ref>Sundararaj, p. 120.</ref> Fernandes would later officially be assigned to Madurai following Muthuvirapa’s, the Nayak of Madurai, request for a Jesuit father at his court in exchange for land to build a church in 1595.<ref>Trento, ''Śivadharma or Bonifacio?'', p. 93.</ref> Fernandez built a church of St. Mary as well as a school for poor children in Madurai and began his missionary work.<ref>Trento, ''Śivadharma or Bonifacio?'', p. 94.</ref> However, he failed to convert a single person both due to his association with the low caste Paravars and the fact that he was a Frangui (a term for Western Europeans and closely associated with the Portuguese).<ref>Trento, ''Śivadharma or Bonifacio?'', p. 94.</ref> When Fernandes attempted to talk to the Nayak of Madurai, he was bluntly told that if he was intending to convert people then he ought to leave and that he was not to speak of the ‘religion of the Frangui’.<ref>Sundaraj, p. 120.</ref> The failure of Fernandez to convert anyone led to [[Alberto Laerzio]], the provincial official, to send Roberto de Nobili to replace him.

[[File:Roberto de Nobili (1577-1656), gravure.jpg|thumb|Roberto de Nobili]]
Roberto de Nobili arrived in Madurai in 1606, a date which is often given as the beginning of the Madurai Mission despite Fernandes’s decade long tenure, and quickly took note of the situation.<ref>Trento, ''Śivadharma or Bonifacio?'', p. 94.</ref> He realised that it was due to the perception of Christianity as a religion of the lower castes and Frangui that made conversion inconceivable for the Brahmins.<ref>Sundaraj, p. 120.</ref> De Nobili thus put into practise the idea of accommodatio; he rejected his similarities with Fernandez and stated that he was both a ‘Roman [[raja]]’ (i.e. a noble) and a [[Sannyasa|sannyāsi]] and attempted to present Christianity as something not inextricably bound to the lower castes.<ref>Strickland, p. 32.</ref> His attempts to live correctly according to Brahmin lifestyle immediately began to bear fruit and he was given some land by Erumeikatti, a local chieftain.<ref>Sundaraj, p. 121.</ref> In 1608 de Nobili was already facing hostility from the Brahmin community who opposed his preaching a lower caste religion which subsequently lead to de Nobili’s cooks abandoning him, as they did not want to lose standing by serving de Nobili.<ref>Trento, ''Śivadharma or Bonifacio?'', p. 98.</ref> This was problematic, as the correct diet was an essential part of being a Brahmin. Luckily for de Nobili, however, in 1608 he also met Śivadharma, a Brahmin from Madurai who must’ve thought highly of de Nobili as he would be referred to by the latter as his ''maestro''.<ref>Trento, ''Śivadharma or Bonifacio?'', p. 98.</ref> Not only did Śivadharma prepare de Nobili’s food, he also began to instruct him on the Vedic texts and even translated them, a crime punishable by death.<ref>Trento, ''Śivadharma or Bonifacio?'', pp. 98-99.</ref> Furthermore, he also assisted de Nobili in defending against the accusation that the latter was a Frangui; thus impure and therefore restricted from preaching.<ref>Trento, ''Śivadharma or Bonifacio?'', p. 99.</ref> In 1609 de Nobili was joined Manuel Leitão, another Portuguese Jesuit. The latter’s arrival was seen as useful by de Nobili because the former’s darker skin would allow him to integrate himself more into Madurai society.<ref>Trento, ''Śivadharma or Bonifacio?'', p. 100.</ref> Śivadharma himself converted to Christianity and was baptised as ‘Bonifacio Xastri’,<ref>Also written as ‘sastri’. Sastra are the ‘sciences of the country’.</ref> although he would refer to himself by his birthname for the rest of his life.<ref>Trento, ''Śivadharma or Bonifacio?'', p. 99.</ref>

One issue, which would continuously hamper the mission throughout its entire existence was both its financial upkeep and the view on the part of the local Indians that the mission itself was wealthy. Technically, the mission was to be supported by the Portuguese policy of ''[[Padroado]]'', which gave the Portuguese crown administrative authority over overseas missions in exchange for their upkeep. However, the Portuguese crown was lax in its payments and Antonio Vico, another Jesuit missionary, paid for much of the mission’s expenses out of his own pocket.<ref>Županov, ''Missionary Tropics'', p. 315.</ref> An issue which was further exacerbated by increasing Dutch attacks on the Portuguese Empire in Asia, particularly the later seizure of Cochin in 1662.<ref>Chakravarti, pp. 153-154.</ref> Many local lords, throughout the whole existence of the old mission, demanded wealth from the Jesuits; including Erumeikatti, who arrested some Jesuits until they gave him a velvet coat.<ref>Sundararaj, p. 122.</ref>

===The Madurai Mission controversy===
{{See also|Malabar rites|}}
Relations between Fernandes and de Nobili had been continuously deteriorating since the latter’s arrival in 1606. Beyond de Nobili’s living in high society and Fernandes being consigned to the lower castes, Fernandes rejected Brahmanical traditions as pagan and religious, thus condemning both their adoption and acceptance by de Nobili through his policy of accommodatio.<ref>Trento, ''Śivadharma or Bonifacio?'', p. 95.</ref> In 1610 the tensions boiled over and Fernandes sent a letter to Alberto Laerzio who began an inquiry into de Nobili’s adoption and permitting of Brahmin customs within the Christian sphere, a process which led to three separate inquiries (1610, 1617 and 1618).<ref>Trento, ''Śivadharma or Bonifacio?'', p. 96.</ref> Despite these inquiries, de Nobili came out on top and successfully defended his adoption and conservation of Brahmin practices in converting the Brahmin classes of Madurai.

===Expansion===
In 1611, the mission’s project once again came under threat as the local Brahmins again attacked Christianity as a religion of the lower castes and stated that it would denigrate any Brahmin who was a disciple of the Frangui priest which, in turn, led to the shunning of the Brahmin who followed de Nobili<ref>Trento, ''Śivadharma or Bonifacio?'', p. 104.</ref> This deteriorating development was arrested by Śivadharma, who requested the intercession of one of the most respected Brahmins in Madurai to determine whether Christianity was indeed a low-caste religion or whether it could be practised by Brahmins. Following an affirmative response, the Christian Brahmins were readmitted into the community and their numbers grew.<ref>Trento, ''Śivadharma or Bonifacio?'', p. 104 .</ref>

Yet this growth was minute and even where conversions were made only one in three would actually remain Christian.<ref>Chakravarti, p. 146.</ref> Furthermore, despite the recognition of Christianity as a religion separate from the lower castes, the Brahmins were extremely unhappy with having to share their faith with lower castes. When some Brahmin from Madurai, including Hindu ones, heard that some Jesuit missionaries had not only converted some untouchables but also kept working with them after the fact, they burnt some churches down.<ref>Chakravarti, p. 142.</ref> By 1622 there were only 29 Brahmin converts<ref>Chakravarti, p. 137.</ref> .In 1616 the capital of the Madurai Kingdom was also moved from Madurai to Tamilagam, which caused some issues for the Jesuits as the Madurai kings had been generally sympathetic to them in local disputes but now the Jesuits would have to deal with local officials who were often uninterested in their plight.<ref>Sundararaj, p. 122.</ref>

During the 1620s, de Nobili, and thus the Jesuits, became respected throughout southern India and he was given a royal reception, being cloaked in gold, in many local courts under the Kingdom of Madurai with many giving rights to construct churches or to move freely throughout the realm.<ref>Sundararaj, p. 122.</ref> One outcome of de Nobili’s success was the segregation of the missions’ clergy itself based on the caste system, although it would only officially be confirmed by Benedict XIV in the 18th century.<ref>Strickland, p. 65</ref>

This focus on ''[[Sannyasa|sannyāsi]]'' and Brahmin began to change by the 1640s when Baltasar da Costa arrived.<ref>Karttunen, ''COSTA'', para. 1 of 1.</ref> Unlike de Nobili, da Costa did not believe that successfully converting the Brahmin would cause everyone else to follow suit – especially since the Brahmin themselves were extremely reticent regarding conversion. Instead, da Costa, as a paṇṭāram priest aimed to shift the focus of the mission away from the Brahmin although he did not go as far as Fernandes in discounting de Nobili’s method of accommodatio.<ref>Chakravarti, pp. 137, 146.</ref>

Throughout the entire period of the old Madurai mission, the number of Jesuits present was minuscule. In 1646 there were only four Jesuits in the entire mission: Roberto de Nobili and Manuel Martins (who acted as sannyāsi and dealt with Brahmins), and Baltasar da Costa and Manuel Alvarez (who acted as paṇṭārams and dealt with lower castes).<ref>Chakravarti, p. 152</ref> Yet once da Costa turned the focus of the mission away from the staunchly conservative Brahmin the mission began to balloon in size due to the number of converts. [[Catechesis|Catechists]] became vital for the mission as, unlike the European missionaries, they were truly Indian and could wholly shake off accusations that they were, in fact, Frangui.<ref>Chakravarti, p. 153.</ref> One catechist, Savery Rayan (baptised as Peter Xavier), was extremely knowledgeable on religious matters and after his conversion to Christianity he became a well known debater to such an extent that other religious scholars feared debating him; he was held in such great respect that he was sent to Sathyamangalam to handle 200 recent converts and prepare them for baptism by himself.<ref>Chakravarti, p. 152.</ref> Many indigenous religious figures who converted, such as paṇṭārams and yogis, not only brought their own flocks with them but knowledge regarding the Indian religious scene. During the 1640s around 100,000 people were allegedly converted.<ref>Strickland, p. 39.</ref>

Despite these sudden increases, there was still significant opposition. Although we only have fragmentary evidence, there appears to have been a well developed anti-Christian literary culture in the region from the Śaiva community, with whom the mission had always struggled with.<ref>Trento, ''Writing Tamil Catholicism'', p. 291.</ref> Fragments remain of an anti-Christian tract titled ''Ēcumata nirākaraṇam'' (The refutation of the religion of Jesus), probably written during de Nobili’s life and, therefore, possibly directed at him, which shows a great understanding of Christian myths and theology.<ref>Trento, ''Writing Tamil Catholicism'', pp. 291-293.</ref> There are also various examples of apostasies, martyrdoms (such as St. João de Brito) and the burning of churches.<ref>Chakravarti, p. 142. Sundararaj, p. 125.</ref> However, the mission continued to expand significantly due to the zealous efforts of the many catechists. Joseph Houpert estimated that, in 1676, there were 50,000 converts, 9 Jesuit fathers, and 25 catechists; in 1734 10 Jesuit fathers and 100 catechists.<ref>Agmon, p. 184.</ref>

==French period==
[[File:A battle in the Malabar between the Dutch and the Portuguese in Dec. 1661.jpg|thumb|The battle between the Dutch and the Portuguese in December 1661]]
Following the loss of Cochin to the Dutch by the Portuguese, the issue of funding for the mission became critical as the ''Padroado'', for all intents and purposes, ceased functioning.<ref>Chakravarti, p. 154.</ref> Already prior to this, the continued anti-Portuguese activity by the Dutch was already weakening the Portuguese grip in southern India further. In 1653, the French founded the Societé des Missions Etrangères, which intended to take over the Padroado, and incurred great opposition from the Portuguese – although nothing came of said opposition.<ref>Chakravarti, p. 154.</ref> Although the first French Jesuits would only arrive in 1689, the weakening of the Portuguese also weakened the Jesuits’ position as a valuable mediator with the Portuguese Empire in India after they were previously needed as a counterbalance to Dutch influence.<ref>Agmon, p. 183. Sundararaj, p. 120.</ref>

The French Jesuits who would gradually replace the Portuguese began to actively work to bind the mission to the French, rather than the Portuguese, crown. From 1702-1776, the French Jesuits published the Lettres édifiantes et curieuses wherein the Madurai mission documents were placed alongside the French Carnatic mission based out of Pondicherry and wherein the Jesuits began actively promoting the mission as a French one.<ref>Županov, ''The Historiography of the Jesuit Missions in India (1500-1800)'', para 11 of 33.</ref> Jean Venant Bouchet, a French Jesuit who left for India in 1688, organised the construction of a church in Ahur, the first such church to not be deliberately hidden but instead visible to all.<ref>Strickland, p. 47. Rocher, p. 673.</ref>

Missionary activity continued, however, as did the heavy reliance placed upon the catechists, who remained central to the mission’s efforts.<ref>Agmon, pp. 182, 184-185.</ref> Despite continued financial support from France, the Jesuits still struggled to pay their catechists well and there were complaints that Protestant catechists were paid significantly more than their Catholic counterparts.<ref>Agmon, p. 185.</ref> This, alongside the continued social problems caused by catechists being branded traitors by fellow Indians and the catechists’ continuously suffering in the place of their Jesuit fathers, began to cause further mistrust and disquiet between the Jesuit fathers and catechists; for example, Bouchet’s catechists were tortured to make him reveal his supposed treasures.<ref>Agmon, pp. 189-190.</ref> These aggravations were furthered by further restrictions being placed on Indian social customs in 1703 by Cardinal de Tournon (which was subsequently confirmed by [[Pope Clement XI]] in 1734).<ref>Strickland, pp. 61-64.</ref> This led to a public break between three of Bouchet’s catechists and himself, where the former begged the Madurai Nayak to expel Bouchet from the realm.<ref>Agmon, pp. 179-180.</ref> Although they failed, due to Bouchet’s competent politicking and gift-giving in the Nayak’s court, the issue of apostasy would remain a threat to the mission’s goals.<ref>Agmon, pp. 192-193.</ref> Furthermore, following the issuing of the Omnium Sollicitudinum in 1740, a Papal Bull condemning the Malabar Rites, the reliance on catechists (and thus any chance of actually converting the Indian population on any notable scale) declined.<ref>Trento, ''Writing Tamil Catholicism'', pp. 13-14.</ref>

===Effects on Tamil literature===
[[File:Veeramamunivar ad2.jpg|thumb|TamilNadu government's paper advertisement paying homage to Veeramamunivar]]
Another important development was the maturing of Christian Tamil literature in the region. Although the first Christian Tamil works had already been written prior to the Madurai mission’s existence, these were mere translations of Abrahamic works.<ref>Trento, ''Writing Tamil Catholicism'', p. 21.</ref> Constantine Beschi, an Italian Jesuit who also became personal friends with the last Madurai Nayak, [[Chanda Sahib]], began to write a corpus of Tamil-language texts which, although clearly Christian in nature, were decidedly rooted in the Tamil literary tradition.<ref>Trento, ''Writing Tamil Catholicism'', pp. 27-28.</ref> The most important of them was the [[Thembavani|Tēmpāvaṇi]] (A Garland of Unfading Honey-Sweet Verses), a great work of poetry about the life of St. Joseph.<ref>Trento, ''Writing Tamil Catholicism'', p. 28.</ref> This work, thanks to its inclusion of many Christian myths and their integration into Tamil genre and context, became essential to the edification of the catechists who would learn from it during spiritual retreats, before using it as the basis of their sermons and spiritual work.<ref>Trento, ''Writing Tamil Catholicism'', pp. 284, 300.</ref> This, in turn, led to an explosion of indigenous Catholic literature, such as the Marikarutammāḷ Ammāṉai (a ballad about St. Margaret which was possibly written by a Muslim convert).<ref>Trento, ''Writing Tamil Catholicism'', pp. 31-32, 294.</ref>

The good relationship between the Jesuits and the Nayaks of Madurai generally kept the Jesuits far safer throughout the South of India, although there are notable exceptions such as the Maravar Rengunathasethupati, who was responsible for de Brito’s martyrdom, and the Maratha king [[Shahuji I]], who arrested 10,000 Christians and 2 Jesuit fathers.<ref>Sundararaj, pp. 124-125.</ref>

==End and succeeding missions==
[[History of Portugal (1640–1777)#Expulsion of the Jesuits|The expulsion of the Jesuit Order from Portuguese territory]] in the year 1759 put an immediate check on the supply of missionaries, but the fathers already in the mission, being outside the Portuguese dominions, were able to continue their work though with diminishing numbers. The entire [[Suppression of the Society of Jesus|suppression of the Order]] in 1773, however, brought the Jesuit regime to an end. Three years later (1776) a new [[Carnatic Mission|mission of the Carnatic]] was established by the Holy See, under the Paris Seminary for Foreign Missions, which, taking Pondicherry as its center, gradually extended its labors inwards as far as Mysore, and to the old Madura Mission. Under the Foreign Mission Society the remaining Jesuit Fathers continued to work till they gradually died out. Not much in the way of missionary work was done by the Goan clergy, who took the place of the Jesuits in certain stations, and the results previously gained were in prospect of being almost totally lost.

In the year 1836 the Karnatic mission was erected into the Vicariate Apostolic of the Coromandel Coast; and as the, Foreign Mission Society could not for want of men come to the rescue of Madura, they willingly accepted the appointment of the Jesuits in the same year - the Society having been restored in 1814. In 1846 the Madura Mission was in turn made into a vicariate Apostolic with Jesuit Msgr. [[Alexis Canoz]] as its first vicar Apostolic; but the portion north of the Cauvery was retained by Pondicherry. In 1886, on the establishment of the hierarchy, the Madura Vicariate was made the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tiruchirapalli|Diocese of Trichy]]. In 1893 Tanjore was taken away and given to the Padroado Diocese of Mylapore. In the same year the Trichy Diocese was finally made suffragan to [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bombay|Bombay]].

==References==
{{reflist}}
==Sources==
* Agmon, Danna, '[https://www.academia.edu/8287434/Conflicts%20in%20the%20Context%20of%20Conversion%20French%20Jesuits%20and%20Tamil%20Religious%20Intermediaries%20in%20Madurai%20India Conflicts in the Context of Conversion: French Jesuits and Tamil Religious Intermediaries in Madurai, India]', ''Intercultural Encounter and the Jesuit Mission in South Asia: (16th-18th Centuries)'', ed. by Anand Amaldass and Ines Županov, (Bangalore: Asian Trading Corporation, 2014), pp. 179-198.
* Chakravarti, Ananya, '[https://journals.openedition.org/etnografica/3376 The many faces of Baltasar da Costa: imitatio and accommodatio in the seventeenth century Madurai mission]', ''Etnográfica'', 18 (2014), pp. 135-158.
* Hull, Ernest, ‘Madura Mission’, in ''[[The Catholic Encyclopedia]]'', ed. by Charles Herberman and others, 15 vols (New York: Encyclopedia Press Inc., 1907) IX.
* Karttunen, Klaus, COSTA, Baltasar da, <https://whowaswho-indology.info/1369/costa-baltasar-da-2/> [accessed 6 June 2023].
* Karttunen, Klaus, FERNANDEZ, Gonçalo, <https://whowaswho-indology.info/14172/fernandez-goncalo/> [accessed 22 May 2023].
* Rocher, Ludo, ‘Father Bouchet’s Letter on the Administration of Hindu Law’, in ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=dziNBAAAQBAJ Studies in Hindu Law and Dharmasastra]'', (London: Anthem Press, 2014), pp. 673-698.
* Strickland, William, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=5NkCAAAAQAAJ The Jesuit in India: Addressed to all who are Interested in the Foreign Missions]'', (London: Burns & Lambert, 1852).
* Sundararaj, T., 'The Relation Between Jesuit Missionaries and the Native Powers in Tamil Nadu: (1595-1773)', [https://www.academia.edu/38813095/Jesuit%20Presence%20in%20Indian%20History%20Commemorative%20Volume%20on%20the%20Occasion%20of%20the%20150th%20Anniversary%20of%20the%20New%20Madurai%20Mission%201838%201988 ''Jesuit Presence in Indian History'', ed. by Anand Amaldass], (Anand: Gujarat Sahitya Prakash, 1988), pp. 117-127.
* Trento, Margherita, ‘[https://www.academia.edu/38008132/%C5%9Aivadharma_or_Bonifacio_Behind_the_Scenes_of_the_Madurai_Mission_Controversy_1608_1619_ Śivadharma or Bonifacio? Behind the Scenes of the Madurai Mission Controversy (1608–1619)]’, in ''The Rites Controversies in the Early Modern World'', ed. by Ines Županov and Pierre Fabre, (Leiden: Brill,2018) pp. 91-121.
* Trento, Margherita, ''[https://brill.com/display/title/61964?language=en Writing Tamil Catholicism]'', (Leiden: Koninklijke Brill, 2022).
* Županov, Ines, ''The Historiography of the Jesuit Missions in India (1500-1800)'', <https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/jesuit-historiography-online/the-historiography-of-the-jesuit-missions-in-india-15001800-COM_192579#notesup23> [accessed 6 June 2023].
* Županov, Ines, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Nix4M4dy7nQC Missionary Tropics: The Catholic Frontier in India (16th-17th Centuries)]'', (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2005).
* Society of Jesus, ''Madura Mission – A History'', <https://www.mdusj.org/index.php/who-we-are/our-history> [accessed 22 May 2023].
* Society of Jesus, ‘[https://jesuitonlinelibrary.bc.edu/?a=d&d=wlet19150201-01.2.4&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN------- The Jesuit Madura Mission]’, ''Woodstock Letters'', 1.44 (1915), pp. 30-35.
==Further reading==
*{{cite book |title=Syncretism/Anti-Syncretism: The Politics of Religious Synthesis |editor1-first=Rosalind |editor1-last=Shaw |editor2-first=Charles |editor2-last=Stewart |publisher=Routledge |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-13483-395-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-IKJAgAAQBAJ}}
*{{cite book |title=Mission and Tamil Society: Social and Religious Change in South India (1840-1900) |first=Henriette |last=Bugge |publisher=Psychology Press |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-70070-292-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_YhcGxvZvNEC}}
*{{cite book |title=Jesuit Survival and Restoration: A Global History, 1773-1900 |first1=Robert Aleksander |last1=Maryks |first2=Jonathan |last2=Wright |edition=Reprinted, revised |publisher=BRILL |year=2014 |isbn=978-9-00428-387-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnajBQAAQBAJ}}
*{{cite book |title=The Saint in the Banyan Tree: Christianity and Caste Society in India |first=David |last=Mosse |publisher=University of California Press |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-52027-349-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OaG0mVMPO2gC}}
*{{cite book |title=The Visitor: Andre Palmeiro and the Jesuits in Asia |first=Liam Matthew |last=Brockey |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-67441-668-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7v6EBAAAQBAJ}}
*{{cite book |title=Mapping Hinduism: 'Hinduism' and the Study of Indian Religions, 1600-1776 |first=Will |last=Sweetman |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |year=2003 |isbn=978-3-93147-949-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yCXSPEage98C}}

{{RC Archdiocese of Pondicherry and Cuddalore}}

[[Category:Jesuit Asia missions]]
[[Category:Christian missions in India]]
[[Category:Madurai]]

Peruvazhiyambalam

2026-03-03T20:58:24Z

Shailendra: reworked page further

{{about|the 1979 film|the novel it is based on|Peruvazhiyambalam (novel)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Peruvazhiyambalam
| image = Peruvazhiyambalam.jpg
| caption = [[Bharat Gopy]], [[Ashokan (actor)|Ashokan]] and [[K. P. A. C. Lalitha]] in a still from the film
| director = [[Padmarajan]]
| writer = Padmarajan
| based_on = {{based on|[[Peruvazhiyambalam (novel)|''Peruvazhiyambalam'']]|Padmarajan}}
| starring = [[Ashokan (actor)|Ashokan]] [[Bharat Gopy]] [[Jose Prakash]] [[K. P. A. C. Azeez]] [[K. P. A. C. Lalitha]] Ramesh [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]]
| cinematography = Kannan Narayanan
| editing = Ravi
| music = [[M. G. Radhakrishnan]]
| studio = Prakash MovieTone
| released = {{Film date|1979|8|6|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}

'''''Peruvazhiyambalam''''' ({{translation|High Road Temple}}) is a 1979 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[crime drama film]] written and directed by [[P. Padmarajan]], based on his [[Peruvazhiyambalam (novel)|novel of the same name]]. The film was Padmarajan's directorial debut and the acting debut of [[Ashokan (actor)|Ashokan]], who played the central character, Raman. It was one of the last black-and-white Malayalam films.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 January 2020 |title=How Padmarajan's 'Peruvazhiyambalam' is forerunner to Malayalam's angry-young-men films |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/how-padmarajan-s-peruvazhiyambalam-forerunner-malayalam-s-angry-young-men-films-115404 |access-date=6 July 2021 |website=[[The News Minute]] |archive-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709191932/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/how-padmarajan-s-peruvazhiyambalam-forerunner-malayalam-s-angry-young-men-films-115404 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Vijayakumar |first=B. |date=28 January 2018 |title=Peruvazhiyambalam: 1979 |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/peruvazhiyambalam-1979/article22548029.ece |access-date=30 August 2022 |archive-date=30 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830074908/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/peruvazhiyambalam-1979/article22548029.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

''[[The Hindu]]'' described this film as one of the finest films in Malayalam.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Venkiteswaran |first=C. S. |date=21 January 2010 |title=Storyteller beyond compare |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Storyteller-beyond-compare/article16838827.ece |access-date=30 August 2022 |archive-date=31 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331220252/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Storyteller-beyond-compare/article16838827.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> It won the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Malayalam]]. The film was included in [[IBN Live]]'s list of 100 greatest Indian films of all time.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2013 |title=100 Years of Indian Cinema: The 100 greatest Indian films of all time |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/13200-80.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425235144/http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/13200-80.html |archive-date=25 April 2013 |access-date=24 May 2013 |website=[[IBN Live]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=August 2022}}
Fifteen-year-old Raman lives alone with his older sister Bhagyam, their parents having died several years prior. The town bully Prabhakaran Pillai is killed by Raman. He escapes from murder charges by hiding from the police with the help of a teashop owner Viswambharan and a prostitute.

== Cast ==
*[[Ashokan (actor)|Ashokan]] as Raman/Mani
*[[Bharat Gopy]] as Viswambharan
*[[Jose Prakash]] as Paramu Nair
*[[Sukumari]] as Paramu Nair's wife
*[[K. P. A. C. Azeez]] as Prabhakaran Pillai
* [[Santhakumari (Malayalam actress)|Santhakumari]] as Prabhakaran Pillai's wife
*[[K. P. A. C. Lalitha|K P A C Lalitha]] as Kunnumpurath Devayani, the prostitute
*[[Krishnankutty Nair|Krishnan Kutty Nair]] as Vaidhyan
*Valsala Premdevdas
*Chandrika
*Santhosh Kumar
*Muthukulam K.G.
*Giri
*George Joseph
*A.N. Nair
*V.T. Thomas
*Rathi
*Bobby
*Madhavikutty

== Accolades ==
;[[National Film Awards]]
* [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Malayalam|Best Feature Film in Malayalam]]

;[[Kerala State Film Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=State Film Awards |url=http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/stateawares.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232254/http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/stateawares.htm |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=26 September 2015 |website=Kerala Government}}</ref>
* [[Kerala State Film Award for Second Best Film|Second Best Film]]
* [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Story|Best Story]] – [[Padmarajan]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0216971}}

{{Padmarajan}}
{{National Film Award Best Feature Film Malayalam}}

[[Category:1979 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:1979 Indian films]]
[[Category:1979 crime drama films]]
[[Category:1979 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:1979 films]]
[[Category:Best Malayalam Feature Film National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]
[[Category:Films directed by Padmarajan]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Padmarajan]]
[[Category:Indian crime drama films]]

Azhagan Azhagi

2026-03-03T03:27:53Z

Shailendra: put up new article

{{Short description|2013 Indian film by Nandha Periyasamy}}
{{No plot|date=December 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Azhagan Azhagi.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Nandha Periyasamy]]
| producer = S. Gururajan
| starring = Jack Michael Aarushi
| editing = Sashikumar
| music = [[Kannan (music director)|Kannan]]
| studio = Sri Annamalaiyar Creations Green 2 Cinema Productions
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2013|3|29}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Azhagan Azhagi''''' (sometimes '''''Alagan Alagi'''''; {{Translation|Handsome man, beautiful woman}}) is a 2013 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic drama film]] directed by [[Nandha Periyasamy]] and starring Jack (who starred in ''[[Mohabbath (2011 film)|Mohabbath]]'') and Aarushi.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Manigandan |first=K. R. |date=31 May 2012 |title=Shot Cuts: Dance baby, dance |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/shot-cuts-dance-baby-dance/article3476971.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412092548/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/shot-cuts-dance-baby-dance/article3476971.ece |archive-date=12 April 2022 |access-date=30 August 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*Michael Pradeep as Selva
*Aarushi as Jothi
*[[Chaams]]
*[[Aarthi (actress)|Aarthi]] as Rani
*[[A. Venkatesh (director)|A. Venkatesh]] as Rathinavel
*[[Ravi Mariya]]
*[[K. P. Jagan]] as Ganesan
*[[G. M. Kumar]]
*[[Rajyalakshmi]]
*[[Robo Shankar]] as Alasunder
*Rajasimman
*[[Kasthuri (actress)|Kasthuri]] in a special appearance
*[[Srinivasan (Tamil actor)|Srinivasan]] in a special appearance
}}

== Production ==
The film stars 32 debutantes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2013 |title=Tamil movie 'Azhagan Azhagi' to star 34 debutants? |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/tamil-movie-azhagan-azhagi-to-star-34-debutants-593192.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718230347/https://www.news18.com/news/india/tamil-movie-azhagan-azhagi-to-star-34-debutants-593192.html |archive-date=18 July 2022 |access-date=18 July 2022 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref> The film was shot in [[Chennai]], [[Karaikudi]] and [[Ramanathapuram]]. [[Srinivasan (Tamil actor)|Srinivasan]] appeared in a promotional song.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 February 2013 |title=Power Star's new role in Kollywood |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/power-stars-new-role-in-kollywood/articleshow/18706900.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241221182329/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/power-stars-new-role-in-kollywood/articleshow/18706900.cms |archive-date=21 December 2024 |access-date=18 July 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
Music by [[Kannan (composer)|Kannan]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=S. R. Ashok |date=9 June 2012 |title=Audio Beat: Azhagan Azhagi |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/audio-beat-azhagan-azhagi/article3509328.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412092537/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/audio-beat-azhagan-azhagi/article3509328.ece |archive-date=12 April 2022 |access-date=12 April 2022 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=S. R. Ashok |date=11 January 2013 |title=Shotcuts — Big stars |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/shotcuts-big-stars/article4298418.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412092537/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/shotcuts-big-stars/article4298418.ece |archive-date=12 April 2022 |access-date=12 April 2022 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Karthik |author-link=Karthik Srinivasan |date=2 June 2012 |title=Azhagan Azhagi (Music review), Tamil – Kannan |url=https://milliblog.com/2012/06/02/azhagan-azhagi-music-review-tamil-kannan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241221182625/https://milliblog.com/2012/06/02/azhagan-azhagi-music-review-tamil-kannan/ |archive-date=21 December 2024 |access-date=21 December 2024 |website=[[Milliblog]] |language=en-US}}</ref>

*"Nenjil Ninaipathu Ellam" written by [[Na. Muthukumar]] and sung by [[Naresh Iyer]] and [[Shweta Mohan]]
*"Mazhai Thuliya Nee" written by [[Kabilan (lyricist)|Kabilan]] and sung by [[Vijay Prakash]]
*"Ethu Varai Vanam" written by Kabilan and sung by [[Suchitra]] and Priya
*"Adada Azhaga" written by [[Snehan]] and sung by [[Chinnaponnu]]
*"Usilampatti" written by Kabilan and sung by Solar Sai and Priya
*"Penne Penne" written by Nanda Periyasamy, Karunanidhi, Raghu and Ravicharan and sung by [[Benny Dayal]]
*"Oh Girl" written and sung by Richard

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' opined that "Despite the predictable storyline, Alagan Alagi could have at least been bearable if the presentation had been engaging".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suganth |first=M |date=30 March 2013 |title=Alagan Alagi |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/alagan-alagi/movie-review/19294540.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130404044518/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/alagan-alagi/movie-review/19294540.cms |archive-date=4 April 2013 |access-date=21 December 2024 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Malini Mannath of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote that "A caravan ride to audition people for a TV show, ''Alagan Alagi'' has more to it".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=30 March 2013 |title=Alagan Alagi (Tamil) |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2013/mar/30/alagan-alagi-tamil-463348.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718230347/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2013/mar/30/alagan-alagi-tamil-463348.html |archive-date=18 July 2022 |access-date=18 July 2022 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}

{{Nandha Periyasamy}}

[[Category:2013 Indian films]]
[[Category:2013 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2013 films]]
[[Category:2013 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Nandha Periyasamy]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romantic drama films]]

Purab Ki Awaaz

2026-03-02T10:07:53Z

Shailendra: started new entry

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{infobox film
| name = Purab Ki Awaaz Epah Phulil Epah Saril
| native_name =
| image =
| director = Chandra Mudoi
| producer = Loknath Deka
| story = Chandra Mudoi
| screenplay = Chandra Mudoi
| starring = {{plainlist|* [[Urmila Mahanta]]
* [[Nipon Goswami]]
* Debashis Borthakur
* Rina Bora
* Deepjyoti Keot}}
| cinematography = Naba Das
| studio = L. P. K. G. Film Production Pune Film and Television Institute
| music = Ajay Phukan Hitesh Baruah
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|df=yes|2017|3|10}}
| editing = Syamal Das
| country = India
| language = Hindi Assamese
}}

'''''Purab ki Awaz''''' is an Indian [[Historical drama film]] directed by Chandra Mudoi and produced by [[Loknath]] Deka. the film features [[Urmila Mahanta]], [[Nipon Goswami]], Debashis Borthakur, Rina Bora and others. this film release in All India on 10 March and will be releasing soon in [[Assam]] in August 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2016-07-22/PURAB-KI-AWAZ-AND-EPAAH-PHULIL-EPAAH-SORIL-RELEASES-ON-AUGUST-5/243833|title='PURAB KI AWAZ' AND 'EPAAH PHULIL EPAAH SORIL' RELEASES ON AUGUST 5|website=The Hans India|date=22 July 2016 |language=en|access-date=2017-03-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nyoooz.com/news/guwahati/753262/celluloid-tribute-to-freedom-fighter|title=Celluloid tribute to freedom fighter {{!}} Guwahati NYOOOZ|last=NYOOOZ|website=NYOOOZ|access-date=2017-03-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodtrade.com/box-office-reports/box-office-report-9th-march-2017/1716.htm|title=Box Office Report: 9th March 2017 - Box Office Reports : BollywoodTrade.com|website=www.bollywoodtrade.com|access-date=2017-03-12}}</ref>

==Plot==

One of the country's youngest and most influential freedom fighters ever, Kanaklata became a martyr of Indian freedom struggle at the age of just 14 years, on 20 September 1942. She was shot dead by the British while she was attempting to hoist the Indian national flag. Recently, a function was held to mark the death anniversary of Birangana Kanaklata at the Guwahati Press Club, wherein the bilingual films in Assamese and [[Hindi]], depicting the life and sacrifice of this outstanding symbol of resistance, entitled ‘''[[Epah Phulil Epah Soril]]''’ and ‘Purab Ki Awaz’ respectively, now in their post production stages, were announced, amidst an august gathering. The films made under the banner of ‘L.P.K.G. Film Production’, is produced by Loknath Deka and directed by the well-known filmmaker Chandra Mudoi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kothasobi.com/movie/purab-ki-awaz-hindi-film-on-freedom-fighter-kanaklata/&grqid=YI1MTsCZ&hl=en-IN&geid=1005|website=kothasobi.com|title=Kanaklata in Hindi film|access-date=12 March 2017}}</ref>

==Cast==

* [[Urmila Mahanta]] as [[Kanaklata Baruah]]
* [[Nipon Goswami]]
* Debashis Borthakur
* Rina Bora
* Tapan Sharma
* Deepjyoti Keot

==Production==

This film produced by Loknath Deka. The film's chief assistant director is Dipak Roy, assistant director Shapnajit Borkakati, music direction by Dr Hitesh Baruah, Ajay Phukan and Tapan Kakati, lyricists cinematography by Naba Kumar Das, editing by Syamal Das, make-up by Biswa and Dhan, production controller Khargeswar Bora.

==Soundtrack==

{{track listing
| extra_column = Artist (s)
| title1 = Luitporiya
| extra1 = Simanta Sekhar, Priyanka, Madhuri Gogoi, Ajay, Richi
| length1 =
| title2 = Mamta Ki Chaw Mein
| extra2 = Bandita Das
| length2 =
| title3 = Sar Pe Bandhe Kafan
| extra3 = Padmanav Bordoloi, Pranamika Goswami
| length3 =
| title4 = Vande Mataram
| extra4 = Pranamika Goswami
| length4 =
}}

== References ==

{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://m.bollywoodmdb.com/movies/purab-ki-awaz/16201 Purab Ki Awaz] at [https://m.bollywoodmdb.com Bollywoodmdb]
* [https://in.bookmyshow.com/amp/movies/purab-ki-awaz/ET00054523 Purab Ki Awaaz] in [https://in.bookmyshow.com/ Bookmyshow]

[[Category:2010s historical drama films]]
[[Category:Indian historical drama films]]
[[Category:2017 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2017 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian multilingual films]]
[[Category:2017 multilingual films]]
[[Category:2010s Assamese-language films]]
[[Category:2017 drama films]]
[[Category:2017 films]]

Love You Hamesha

2026-03-02T04:56:10Z

Shailendra: added first pg w/ infobox

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Love You Hamesha
| image =
| writer = Sanjay Chhel Manoj Lalwani Vivek Sharma
| story = Kailash Surendranath
| director = [[Kailash Surendranath]]
| producer = Dr. Murali Manohar [[Sunanda Murali Manohar]]
| cinematography = [[Ravi Yadav]] R. M. Rao
| editing = Omkarnath Bhakri
| starring = [[Akshaye Khanna]] [[Sonali Bendre]] Amitabh Nanda [[Riya Sen]]
| music = [[A. R. Rahman]]
| released = {{film date|df=y|2022|7|7}}
| studio = Cee (I) TV Entertainment
| distributor = NMP Movies
| country = India
| language = Hindi
}}

'''''Love You Hamesha''''' ({{Translation|Love You Forever}}) is a 2022 Indian Hindi-language [[romance film]] written and directed by [[Kailash Surendranath]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/apr/26slid6.htm|title=rediff.com Movies:Fresh blood-Which of them will storm Bollywood?|website=Rediff.com|access-date=26 May 2022|archive-date=17 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517084840/https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/apr/26slid6.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/apr/03slide6.htm|title=rediff.com: April releases: A sneak peek|website=Rediff.com|access-date=26 May 2022|archive-date=17 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517081835/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/apr/03slide6.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> It stars [[Akshaye Khanna]] and [[Sonali Bendre]] as its main cast, and other supporting actors.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}} The film was stuck in the cans and remained unreleased for over 21 years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/apr/03slide6.htm|title=Love You Hamesha|work=Rediff|access-date=17 May 2022|archive-date=17 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517081835/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/apr/03slide6.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Sonali Bendre called her role in this film one of her best roles.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/1999/may/14son.htm|title=If you give love you get love|work=Rediff|access-date=17 May 2022|archive-date=17 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517084837/https://www.rediff.com/movies/1999/may/14son.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was finally released on 7 July 2022 on YouTube on the NMP Movies Channel.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7fyHn3t6EZI | title=Love You Hamesha Full Movie (1999) | Akshaye Khanna | Sonali Bendre | Amitabh Nanda | Riya Sen | date=7 July 2022 | via=[[YouTube]] | access-date=13 August 2022 | archive-date=13 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813135830/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7fyHn3t6EZI | url-status=live }}</ref>

==Plot==
The story revolves around young people in their early 20s coming of age. Trouble follows a young woman when she breaks her engagement to a mismatched man and falls in love with someone else whom she meets after running away from home. A search for her is initiated by the woman's father. Things take a turn when her father conspires to ruin the relationship between the duo.<ref name="autogenerated1"/>

== Cast ==
*[[Akshaye Khanna]] as Shaurat
*[[Sonali Bendre]] as Shivani
*[[Amit Behl]] as Samrat
*[[Riya Sen]] as Meghna
*[[Rohit Bal]] as himself
*[[Daboo Malik]] as Ronnie
*[[Dalip Tahil]] as Ronnie's Father
*[[Vijayendra Ghatge]] as Ronnie's Adoptive Father

==Production==
The film began production in 1999.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/love-you-hamesha-review-bollywood-pcluf7aijjide.html|title=Love You Hamesha|work=Sify|date=25 April 2003|access-date=4 February 2021|archive-date=7 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220507140104/https://www.sify.com/movies/love-you-hamesha-review-bollywood-pcluf7aijjide.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2000/nov/02varma.htm|title=Name calling, Bollywood style!|work=Rediff|author=Komal Nahta|access-date=17 May 2022|archive-date=17 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517084839/https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2000/nov/02varma.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]'' editor Amitabh Nanda made his foray into acting with this film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/1998/jun/22sh.htm|title=Love '98|work=Rediff|access-date=17 May 2022|archive-date=7 November 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051107095837/http://rediff.com/movies/1998/jun/22sh.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Fashion designer [[Rohit Bal]] played himself in the film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/jun/03news.htm|title=Rohit Bal says no to Charas|date=3 June 2003|author=Vickey Lalwani|access-date=17 May 2022|archive-date=17 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517084838/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/jun/03news.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was primarily shot in exotic locales in [[Rajasthan]] and a song sequence in [[Andaman Islands]].<ref name="autogenerated1"/> The film was originally scheduled to be released in 2001. Due to unknown reasons the film was not released to mainstream public. The soundtrack composed by A.R. Rahman was released in April 2001 and two music videos were released on mainstream TV channels and [[YouTube]].

==Soundtrack==

{{Infobox album
| name = Love you Hamesha
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[A. R. Rahman]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=y|2001|2|6}}
| recorded = 2000–2001 (Hindi Recording Version) [[Panchathan Record Inn and AM Studios|Panchathan Record Inn]], [[Chennai]]
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]], [[world music]]
| length =
| label = [[Saregama]] [[Zee Music Company]]
| producer = [[A. R. Rahman]]
| prev_title = [[One 2 Ka 4]]
| prev_year = 2001
| next_title = [[Lagaan]]
| next_year = 2001
}}

The soundtrack has six songs and were reused from the Tamil film ''[[May Maadham]]'' released in 1994. The composer of the songs is [[A.R. Rahman]] with lyrics by [[Anand Bakshi]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Venky |title=Music review of 'Love You Hamesha' |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/musicreviews/loveu.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030220125616/http://www.chennaionline.com/musicreviews/loveu.asp |archive-date=2003-02-20 |access-date=2026-02-14 |website=Chennai Online}}</ref> The soundtrack by [[A.R. Rahman]] was released to positive reviews and was received better than most Hindi films in 2001.
#"Gup Chup Baatein" – [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Sadhna Sargam]]
#"Botal Tod De – " – [[Hema Sardesai]], [[Sonu Nigam]]
#"Sone Ka Palang" – [[Ila Arun]], [[Kavita Paudwal]], [[Udit Narayan]]
#"Yaar Teri Bewafaai " – [[Mahalaxmi Iyer]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/apr/09maha.htm|title=rediff.com, Movies: 'My day will come too!'|website=Rediff.com|access-date=26 May 2022|archive-date=17 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517084840/https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/apr/09maha.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
#"Ek Ladki Thi " – [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]
#"Love You Hamesha" – [[Sonu Nigam]], [[Shweta Shetty]], [[G. V. Prakash]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt0217632}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2022 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2022 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic musical films]]
[[Category:2020s romantic musical films]]
[[Category:2020s musical drama films]]
[[Category:Indian musical drama films]]
[[Category:Films scored by A. R. Rahman]]
[[Category:Indian direct-to-video films]]
[[Category:Rediscovered Indian films]]
[[Category:2022 musical films]]

Female

2026-02-23T22:14:09Z

Shailendra: fix structure and cleaned formatting for accuracy

{{Short description|Sex of an organism that produces ovums}}
{{Other uses}}
{{pp-semi-indef}}
{{pp-move}}

[[File:Venus symbol.svg|thumb|The symbol of the Roman goddess [[Venus (mythology)|Venus]] is used to represent the female sex in biology.<ref name="Stearn-symbols">{{cite journal|last1=Stearn |first1=William T. |author-link=William T. Stearn |date=May 1962 |title=The Origin of the Male and Female Symbols of Biology |url=https://iapt-taxon.org/historic/Congress/IBC_1964/male_fem.pdf |journal=[[Taxon (journal)|Taxon]] |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=109–113 |doi=10.2307/1217734 |issn=0040-0262 |jstor=1217734 |bibcode=1962Taxon..11..109S }}</ref>]]

An [[organism]]'s [[sex]] is '''female''' ([[Venus symbol|symbol]]: [[♀]]) if it produces the [[ovum]] (egg cell), the type of [[gamete]] (sex cell) that fuses with the [[male gamete]] (sperm cell) during [[sexual reproduction]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Grzimek |first1=Bernhard |title=Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia |date=2003 |publisher=Gale |isbn=978-0-7876-5362-0 |volume=1 |pages=16–17 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8GZvtQEACAAJ |language=en |quote=During sexual reproduction, each parent animal must form specialized cells known as gametes...In virtually all animals that reproduce sexually, the gametes occur in two morphologically distinct forms corresponding to male and female. These distinctions in form and structure are related to the specific functions of each gamete. The differences become apparent during the latter stages of spermatogenesis (for male gametes) and oogenesis (for female gametes)....After oogenetic meiosis, the morphological transformation of the female gamete generally includes development of a large oocyte that does not move around....The ambiguous term "egg" is often applied to oocytes and other fertilizable stages of female gametes....Spermatogenesis and oogenesis most often occur in different individual animals known as males and females respectively. |access-date=2020-07-09 |archive-date=2024-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510013251/https://books.google.com/books?id=8GZvtQEACAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Martin 2015" /><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Fusco|first1=Giuseppe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AKGsDwAAQBAJ&q=the+biology+of+reproduction+define+sex|title=The Biology of Reproduction|last2=Minelli|first2=Alessandro|date=2019-10-10|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-49985-9|pages=111–113|language=en|access-date=2021-09-09|archive-date=2024-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510013213/https://books.google.com/books?id=AKGsDwAAQBAJ&q=the+biology+of+reproduction+define+sex#v=snippet&q=the%20biology%20of%20reproduction%20define%20sex&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>

A female has larger gametes than a [[male]]. Females and males are results of the [[anisogamous]] [[reproductive system|reproduction system]], wherein gametes are of different sizes (unlike [[isogamy]] where they are the same size).

In species that have males and females, [[Sex-determination system|sex-determination]] may be based on either [[sex chromosomes]], or environmental conditions. Most female [[mammal]]s, including female [[human]]s, have two [[X chromosome]]s. Characteristics of organisms with a female sex vary between different species, having different [[female reproductive system]]s, with some species showing [[Secondary sex characteristic|characteristics secondary to the reproductive system]], as with [[mammary gland]]s in mammals.

In humans, the word ''female'' can also be used to refer to [[gender]] in the social sense of [[gender role]] or [[gender identity]].<ref name=palazzani>{{cite book |last1=Palazzani |first1=Laura |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w8bbP6D7U2UC&pg=PA5 |title=Gender in Philosophy and Law |last2=Bailes |first2=Victoria |last3=Fella |first3=Marina |publisher=Dordrecht : Springer |year=2012 |isbn=978-94-007-4991-7 |series=SpringerBriefs in law |page=v |quote='gender' means human gender, male/female gender}} (eBook)</ref><ref name="merriam1">{{Cite web |title=Definition of FEMALE |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/female |access-date=2023-03-07 |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en |archive-date=2023-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307162530/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/female |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Etymology and usage==
[[File:Beowulf - faemnan.jpg|thumb|"{{lang|ang|fæmnan}}", an [[Old English]] word for 'female']]
The word ''female'' comes from the Latin {{lang|la|femella}}, the diminutive form of {{lang|la|femina}}, meaning "[[woman]]", by way of the Old French ''femelle''.<ref name="Fowler-2015">{{Cite book |last1=Fowler |first1=Henry W. |title=Fowler's Dictionary of Modern English Usage |last2=Butterfield |first2=Jeremy |date=2015 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-966135-0 |edition=4th |location=Oxford |chapter=female}}</ref> It is not etymologically related to the word ''[[male]]'', but in the late 14th century the English spelling was altered to parallel that of ''male''.<ref name="Fowler-2015" /><ref name="Ayers">Donald M. Ayers, ''English Words from Latin and Greek Elements'', second edition (1986, University of Arizona Press), p. 113</ref> It has been used as both noun and adjective since the 14th century.<ref name="Fowler-2015"/> Originally, from its first appearance in the 1300s, ''female'' exclusively referred to humans and always indicated that the speaker spoke of a woman or a girl.<ref name="Merriam–Webster">{{Cite web |title=Using 'Lady,' 'Woman,' and 'Female' to Modify Nouns |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/lady-woman-female-usage |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804103718/https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/lady-woman-female-usage |archive-date=2022-08-04 |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Merriam–Webster |language=en}}</ref> A century later, the meaning was expanded to include non-human female organisms.<ref name="Merriam–Webster"/>

For several centuries, using the word ''female'' as a noun was considered more respectful than calling her a ''woman'' or a ''lady'' and was preferred for that reason;<ref name="Merriam–Webster"/> however, by 1895,<ref name="Fowler-2015"/><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Newton-Small |first=Jay |date=2016-04-19 |title=Why We Need to Reclaim the Word 'Female' |url=https://time.com/4300170/female-word/ |access-date=2024-05-10 |magazine=TIME |language=en |quote=Katherine Martin, head of U.S. dictionaries at Oxford University Press...cites the OED's original entry for female in 1895, in which the editors described its usage as "now commonly avoided by good writers, exc. with contemptuous implication."}}</ref> the linguistic fashion had changed, and ''female'' was often considered disparaging, usually on the grounds that it grouped humans with other animals.<ref name="Fowler-2015" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Brown |first=Kara |date=5 February 2015 |title=The Problem With Calling Women 'Females' |url=https://www.jezebel.com/the-problem-with-calling-women-females-1683808274 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507031927/https://www.jezebel.com/the-problem-with-calling-women-females-1683808274 |archive-date=7 May 2024 |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Jezebel (website)|Jezebel]]}}</ref> In the 21st century, the noun ''female'' is primarily used to describe non-human animals, to refer to biologically female humans in an impersonal technical context (e.g., "Females were more likely than males to develop an autoimmune disease"), or to impartially include a range of people without reference to age (e.g., ''girls'') or social status (e.g., ''lady'').<ref name="Fowler-2015" /> As an adjective, ''female'' is still used in some contexts, particularly when the sex of the person is relevant, such as [[Female athlete|''female athletes'']] or to distinguish a ''[[male nurse]]'' from a female one.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Fowler |first1=H. W. |title=Fowler's Dictionary of Modern English Usage |last2=Butterfield |first2=Jeremy |date=2015 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-966135-0 |edition=Fourth |location=Oxford; New York, NY |chapter=female, feminine |quote=One talks of ''female athletes, characters'' (in fiction and so forth), ''friends, officers, patients, roles, students, workers, and of the female body, sexuality'', etc....Some people object to the use of ''female'' as an adjective, as in ''female police officer, female senator'', etc. Their objections are based either on the negative connotations of ''female'' as a noun, or on the argument that mentioning the sex of the office holder is automatically sexist, unless the sex of the person denoted is relevant in the context.}}</ref>

Biological sex is [[Sex and gender distinction|conceptually distinct]] from [[gender]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gender and Genetics |url=https://www.who.int/genomics/gender/en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111125721/http://www.who.int/genomics/gender/en/ |archive-date=November 11, 2012 |access-date=2020-07-31 |website=WHO}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sex & Gender |url=https://orwh.od.nih.gov/sex-gender |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200723154514/https://orwh.od.nih.gov/sex-gender |archive-date=2020-07-23 |access-date=2020-07-31 |website=Office of Research on Women's Health}}</ref> although they are often used interchangeably.<ref name=udry>{{cite journal |doi=10.2307/2061790 |first1=J. Richard |last1=Udry |date=November 1994 |title=The Nature of Gender |journal=Demography |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=561–573 |pmid=7890091 |url=https://www.unc.edu/courses/2006fall/econ/586/001/Readings/Udry_Nature_Gender.pdf |jstor=2061790 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20161211012757/https://www.unc.edu/courses/2006fall/econ/586/001/Readings/Udry_Nature_Gender.pdf |archive-date=2016-12-11 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="haig">{{cite journal|first1=David |last1=Haig |author-link1=David Haig (biologist) |date=April 2004 |title=The Inexorable Rise of Gender and the Decline of Sex: Social Change in Academic Titles, 1945–2001 |journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=87–96 |pmid=15146141 |doi=10.1023/B:ASEB.0000014323.56281.0d |url=http://www.oeb.harvard.edu/faculty/haig/publications_files/04inexorablerise.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525090802/http://www.oeb.harvard.edu/faculty/haig/Publications_files/04InexorableRise.pdf |archive-date=25 May 2011 |citeseerx=10.1.1.359.9143 |s2cid=7005542 }}</ref> The adjective ''female'' can describe a person's sex or [[gender identity]].<ref name="merriam1"/>

The word can also refer to the [[gender of connectors and fasteners|shape of connectors and fasteners]], such as screws, electrical pins, and technical equipment. Under this convention, sockets and receptacles are called ''female,'' and the corresponding plugs ''male''.<ref>J. Richard Johnson, ''How to Build Electronic Equipment'' (1962), p. 167: "To minimize confusion, the connector portions with projecting prongs are referred to as the 'male' portion, and the sockets as the 'female' portion."</ref><ref>Richard Ferncase, ''Film and Video Lighting Terms and Concepts'' (2013), p. 96: "female[:] Refers to a socket type connector, which must receive a male connector"</ref>

==Defining characteristics==
Females produce [[ovum|ova]], the usually larger gametes in a [[heterogamous]] [[reproduction system]], while the smaller and usually [[Motility|motile]] gametes, the [[spermatozoa]], are produced by males.<ref name="Martin 2015">{{cite book|last1=Martin|first1=Elizabeth|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gMf9CAAAQBAJ|title=A Dictionary of Biology|last2=Hine|first2=Robert|date=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-871437-8|page=222|language=en|quote=Female 1. Denoting the gamete (sex cell) that, during sexual reproduction, fuses with a male gamete in the process of fertilization. Female gametes are generally larger than the male gametes and are usually immotile (see Oosphere; Ovum). 2. (Denoting) an individual organism whose reproductive organs produce only female gametes.|access-date=2020-07-12|archive-date=2023-01-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114185312/https://books.google.com/books?id=gMf9CAAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>David E. Sadava, H. Craig Heller, William K. Purves, ''Life: The Science of Biology'' (2008), p. 899</ref> Generally, a female cannot [[sexual reproduction|reproduce sexually]] without access to the gametes of a male, and vice versa, but in some species females can reproduce by themselves [[asexual reproduction|asexually]], for example via [[parthenogenesis]].<ref>Franz Engelmann, G. A. Kerkut, ''The Physiology of Insect Reproduction'' (2015), p. 29</ref>

Patterns of sexual reproduction include:
* [[Isogamy|Isogamous]] species with two or more [[mating type]]s with gametes of identical form and behavior (but different at the molecular level),
* [[Anisogamy|Anisogamous]] species with [[gamete]]s of male and female types,
* [[Oogamy|Oogamous]] species, which include humans, in which the female gamete is much larger than the male and has no ability to [[Motion (physics)|move]]. Oogamy is a form of [[anisogamy]].<ref name="Kumar-201922">{{Cite encyclopedia|entry=Anisogamy |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior|publisher=Springer International |location=Cham |date=2019 |pages=1–5 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_340-1 |isbn=978-3-319-47829-6 |vauthors=Kumar R, Meena M, Swapnil P|title=Anisogamy |veditors=Vonk J, Shackelford T}}</ref> There is an argument that this pattern was driven by the physical constraints on the mechanisms by which two gametes get together as required for [[sexual reproduction]].<ref>Dusenbery, David B. (2009). ''Living at Micro Scale'', Chapter 20. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts {{ISBN|978-0-674-03116-6}}.</ref>

Other than the defining difference in the type of gamete produced, differences between males and females in one lineage cannot always be predicted by differences in another. The concept is not limited to animals; egg cells are produced by [[chytrid]]s, [[diatom]]s, [[water mould]]s and [[plant|land plants]], among others. In land plants, ''female'' and ''male'' designate not only the egg- and sperm-producing organisms and structures, but also the structures of the [[sporophyte]]s that give rise to male and [[female plant]]s.{{citation needed|date=March 2017}}

== Females across species ==
Species that are divided into females and males are classified as [[Gonochorism|gonochoric]] in animals, as [[Dioecy|dioecious]] in [[seed plants]]<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Fusco|first1=Giuseppe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AKGsDwAAQBAJ&q=gonochorism+biology+of+reproduction|title=The Biology of Reproduction|last2=Minelli|first2=Alessandro|date=2019-10-10|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-49985-9|pages=115–116|language=en|access-date=2021-08-17|archive-date=2024-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510013302/https://books.google.com/books?id=AKGsDwAAQBAJ&q=gonochorism+biology+of+reproduction#v=snippet&q=gonochorism%20biology%20of%20reproduction&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> and as [[dioicous]] in [[cryptogam]]s.<ref name=ShawGoffinet>{{cite book |editor=Shaw AJ & Goffinet B |date=August 2000 |author=Buck WR & Goffinet B |title=Bryophyte Biology |chapter=Morphology and classification of mosses |location=New York |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-66794-4}}</ref>{{rp|82}}

In some species, female and hermaphrodite individuals may coexist, a [[sexual system]] termed [[gynodioecy]].<ref name="Bachtrog-2014">{{cite journal|display-authors=6|vauthors=Bachtrog D, Mank JE, Peichel CL, Kirkpatrick M, Otto SP, Ashman TL, Hahn MW, Kitano J, Mayrose I, Ming R, Perrin N, Ross L, Valenzuela N, Vamosi JC|date=July 2014|title=Sex determination: why so many ways of doing it?|journal=PLOS Biology|volume=12|issue=7|article-number=e1001899|doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.1001899|pmc=4077654|pmid=24983465 |doi-access=free }}</ref> In a few species, female individuals coexist with males and [[hermaphrodite]]s; this sexual system is called [[trioecy]]. In ''[[Thor manningi]]'' (a species of shrimp), females coexist with males and [[protandrous hermaphrodite]]s.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Fusco|first1=Giuseppe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AKGsDwAAQBAJ&q=trioecy&pg=PA133|title=The Biology of Reproduction|last2=Minelli|first2=Alessandro|date=2019-10-10|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-49985-9|pages=133–135|language=en|access-date=2021-08-17|archive-date=2024-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510013252/https://books.google.com/books?id=AKGsDwAAQBAJ&q=trioecy&pg=PA133#v=snippet&q=trioecy&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Mammalian female===
[[File:Anterior view of human female and male, with labels 2.png|thumb|Photograph of an adult female human, with an adult [[male]] for comparison. (Both models have partially shaved body hair to show anatomy, i.e., clean-shaven pubic regions.)]]

A distinguishing characteristic of the [[class (biology)|class]] ''Mammalia'' is the presence of [[mammary gland]]s. Mammary glands are modified sweat glands that produce milk, which is used to feed the young for some time after birth. Only mammals [[Lactation|produce milk]]. Mammary glands are [[Breast#Other suggested functions|obvious]] in [[humans]], because the female human body stores large amounts of fatty tissue near the nipples, resulting in prominent [[breast]]s. Mammary glands are present in all mammals, although they are normally redundant in males of the species.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Swaminathan|first1=Nikhil|title=Strange but True: Males Can Lactate|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/strange-but-true-males-can-lactate/|website=Scientific American|language=en|access-date=2017-10-06|archive-date=2019-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223174929/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/strange-but-true-males-can-lactate/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Most mammalian females have two copies of the [[X chromosome]], while males have only one X and one smaller [[Y chromosome]]; some mammals, such as the [[platypus]], have different combinations.<ref>Adrian T. Sumner, ''Chromosomes: Organization and Function'' (2008), pp. 97-98</ref><ref>Benjamin A. Pierce, ''Genetics: A Conceptual Approach'' (2012), p. 73</ref> One of the female's X chromosomes is [[X-inactivation|randomly inactivated]] in each cell of placental mammals while the paternally derived X is inactivated in marsupials. In birds and some reptiles, by contrast, it is the female which is [[heterozygous]] and carries a Z and a W chromosome while the male carries two Z chromosomes. In mammals, females can have [[Trisomy X|XXX]] or [[Turner syndrome|X]].<ref>John R. McCarrey, Ursula K. Abbott, "Sex Determination in Animals", in ''Advances in Genetics'' (1979), volume 20, pages 219-220</ref><ref name="Hake-2021">{{Cite journal |last1=Hake |first1=Laura |last2=O'Connor |first2=Clare |title=Genetic Mechanisms of Sex Determination |journal=Nature Education |volume=1 |issue=1 |page=25 |url=https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/genetic-mechanisms-of-sex-determination-314/ |access-date=2021-04-13 |language=en |archive-date=2017-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819121941/http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/genetic-mechanisms-of-sex-determination-314 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Mammalian females [[Viviparity|bear live young]], with the exception of [[monotreme]] females, which lay eggs.<ref>Terry Vaughan, James Ryan, Nicholas Czaplewski, ''Mammalogy'' (2011), pp. 391, 412</ref> Some non-mammalian species, such as [[guppy|guppies]], have analogous reproductive structures; and some other non-mammals, such as some [[shark]]s, also bear live young.<ref>Quentin Bone, Richard Moore, ''Biology of Fishes'' (2008), page 234</ref>

Following experiments by French endocrinologist Alfred Jost in the 1940s, it is widely believed that the female is the default sex in mammalian sexual determination. However, this idea was called into question by a 2017 study.<ref name="Johnson Hopkins Medicine">{{cite web|url=https://biomedicalodyssey.blogs.hopkinsmedicine.org/2017/09/its-hard-work-being-a-boy-and-it-turns-out-a-girl/|date=15 Dec 2024|title=It's Hard Work Being a Boy (and, It Turns Out, a Girl)}}</ref><ref name="Science">{{cite journal|last1=Zhao |first1=Fei |last2=Franco |first2=Heather L. |last3=Rodriguez |first3=Karina F. |last4=Brown |first4=Paula R. |last5=Tsai |first5=Ming-Jer |last6=Tsai |first6=Sophia Y. |last7=Yao |first7=Humphrey H.-C. |date=15 Dec 2024|title=Elimination of the male reproductive tract in the female embryo is promoted by COUP-TFII in mice |journal=Science |volume=357 |issue=6352 |pages=717–720 |doi=10.1126/science.aai9136 |pmid=28818950 |pmc=5713893 }}</ref>

==Sex determination==
{{Main|Sex-determination system}}

The sex of a particular organism may be determined by genetic or environmental factors, or may naturally change during the course of an organism's life.<ref name="Bachtrog-2014" />

===Genetic determination===
The sex of most mammals, including humans, is genetically determined by the [[XY sex-determination system]] where females have XX (as opposed to XY in males) sex [[chromosome]]s. It is also possible in a variety of species, including humans, to have other [[karyotypes]]. During [[reproduction]], the male contributes either an X sperm or a Y sperm, while the female always contributes an X egg. A Y sperm and an X egg produce a male, while an X sperm and an X egg produce a female. The [[ZW sex-determination system]], where females have ZW (as opposed to ZZ in males) sex chromosomes, is found in birds, reptiles and some insects and other organisms.<ref name="Bachtrog-2014" />

===Environmental determination===
The young of some species develop into one sex or the other depending on local environmental conditions, e.g. the sex of crocodilians is influenced by the temperature of their eggs. Other species (such as the [[goby]]) can transform, as adults, from one sex to the other in response to local reproductive conditions (such as a brief shortage of males).<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Gemmell|first1=Neil J.|last2=Muncaster|first2=Simon|last3=Liu|first3=Hui|last4=Todd|first4=Erica V.|date=2016|title=Bending Genders: The Biology of Natural Sex Change in Fish|journal=Sexual Development|language=english|volume=10|issue=5–6|pages=223–241|doi=10.1159/000449297|issn=1661-5425|pmid=27820936|doi-access=free|hdl=10536/DRO/DU:30153787|hdl-access=free}}</ref>

In many [[arthropod]]s, sex is determined by infection with [[parasite|parasitic]], [[Endosymbiont|endosymbiotic]] [[Bacterium|bacteria]] of the genus ''[[Wolbachia]]''. The bacterium can only be transmitted via infected ova, and the presence of the obligate endoparasite may be required for female sexual viability.<ref name=Zimmer>{{cite journal |last=Zimmer |first=Carl |title=Wolbachia: a tale of sex and survival |journal=Science |volume=292 |date=2001 |issue=5519 |pages=1093–1095 |doi=10.1126/science.292.5519.1093 |pmid=11352061 |bibcode=2001Sci...292.1093Z |s2cid=37441675 }}</ref>

== Evolution ==
{{See also|Evolution of sexual reproduction|Sex#Evolution of sex}}The question of how females evolved is mainly a question of why males evolved. The first organisms reproduced asexually, usually via [[binary fission]], wherein a [[Cell (biology)|cell]] splits itself in half. From a strict numbers perspective, a species that is half males/half females can produce half the offspring an asexual population can, because only the females are having offspring. Being male can also carry significant costs, such as in flashy sexual displays in animals (such as big antlers or colorful feathers), or needing to produce an outsized amount of pollen as a plant in order to get a chance to fertilize a female. Yet despite the costs of being male, there must be some advantage to the process.<ref name="Togashi-2011" />

The advantages are explained by the [[Anisogamy#Evolution|evolution of anisogamy]], which led to the evolution of male and female function.<ref name="Bachtrog-20142">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bachtrog D, [[Judith Mank|Mank JE]], Peichel CL, [[Mark Kirkpatrick|Kirkpatrick M]], [[Sarah Otto|Otto SP]], Ashman TL, Hahn MW, Kitano J, Mayrose I, Ming R, Perrin N, Ross L, Valenzuela N, Vamosi JC |date=July 2014 |title=Sex determination: why so many ways of doing it? |journal=PLOS Biology |volume=12 |issue=7 |article-number=e1001899 |doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.1001899 |pmc=4077654 |pmid=24983465 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Before the evolution of anisogamy, [[mating type]]s in a species were [[Isogamy|isogamous]]: the same size and both could move, catalogued only as "+" or "-" types.<ref name=Sawada>{{Cite book|last1=Sawada|first1=Hitoshi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Adm6BQAAQBAJ&q=isogamy+mating+types|title=Sexual Reproduction in Animals and Plants|last2=Inoue|first2=Naokazu|last3=Iwano|first3=Megumi|date=2014|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-4-431-54589-7|language=en|access-date=2021-09-09|archive-date=2024-04-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240404062136/https://books.google.com/books?id=Adm6BQAAQBAJ&q=isogamy+mating+types#v=snippet&q=isogamy%20mating%20types&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|216}} In anisogamy, the mating cells are called gametes. The female gamete is larger than the male gamete, and usually immotile.<ref name="Kumar-20192">{{Cite encyclopedia |entry=Anisogamy |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior |publisher=Springer International |location=Cham |date=2019 |pages=1–5 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_340-1 |isbn=978-3-319-47829-6 |vauthors=Kumar R, Meena M, Swapnil P|title=Anisogamy |veditors=Vonk J, Shackelford T}}</ref> Anisogamy remains poorly understood, as there is no fossil record of its emergence. Numerous theories exist as to why anisogamy emerged. Many share a common thread, in that larger female gametes are more likely to survive, and that smaller male gametes are more likely to find other gametes because they can travel faster. Current models often fail to account for why isogamy remains in a few species.<ref name="Togashi-2011">{{Cite book|last1=Togashi|first1=Tatsuya|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5eOvRTIuLXMC&dq=Title%3A+The+Evolution+of+Anisogamy+%3A+A+Fundamental+Phenomenon+Underlying+Sexual+Selection&pg=PR5|title=The Evolution of Anisogamy: A Fundamental Phenomenon Underlying Sexual Selection|last2=Cox|first2=Paul Alan|date=2011-04-14|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-50082-1|pages=1–15|language=en|access-date=2021-11-27|archive-date=2024-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510013300/https://books.google.com/books?id=5eOvRTIuLXMC&dq=Title%3A+The+Evolution+of+Anisogamy+%3A+A+Fundamental+Phenomenon+Underlying+Sexual+Selection&pg=PR5#v=onepage&q=Title%3A%20The%20Evolution%20of%20Anisogamy%20%3A%20A%20Fundamental%20Phenomenon%20Underlying%20Sexual%20Selection&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> Anisogamy appears to have evolved multiple times from isogamy; for example female [[Volvocales]] (a type of green algae) evolved from the plus [[mating type]].<ref name=Sawada />{{rp|222}} Although sexual evolution emerged at least 1.2 billion years ago, the lack of anisogamous fossil records make it hard to pinpoint when females evolved.<ref name="PB-2000">{{cite journal|last=Butterfield|first=Nicholas J.|date=2000|title=Bangiomorpha pubescens n. gen., n. sp.: implications for the evolution of sex, multicellularity, and the Mesoproterozoic/Neoproterozoic radiation of eukaryotes|url=https://mr.crossref.org/iPage?doi=10.1666%2F0094-8373%282000%29026%3C0386%3ABPNGNS%3E2.0.CO%3B2|journal=[[Paleobiology (journal)|Paleobiology]]|volume=26|issue=3|page=386|doi=10.1666/0094-8373(2000)026<0386:BPNGNS>2.0.CO;2|bibcode=2000Pbio...26..386B|s2cid=36648568|access-date=12 April 2021|archive-date=1 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201160801/http://mr.crossref.org/iPage?doi=10.1666%2F0094-8373(2000)026%3C0386%3ABPNGNS%3E2.0.CO%3B2|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

Female [[sex organ]]s (genitalia, in animals) have an extreme range of variation among species and even within species. The evolution of female genitalia remains poorly understood compared to male genitalia, reflecting a now-outdated belief that female genitalia are less varied than male genitalia, and thus less useful to study. The difficulty of reaching female genitalia has also complicated their study. New 3D technology has made female genital study simpler. Genitalia evolve very quickly. There are three main hypotheses as to what impacts female genital evolution: lock-and-key (genitals must fit together), [[cryptic female choice]] (females affect whether males can fertilize them), and [[sexual conflict]] (a sort of sexual arms race). There is also a hypothesis that female genital evolution is the result of [[pleiotropy]], i.e. unrelated genes that are affected by environmental conditions like low food also affect genitals. This hypothesis is unlikely to apply to a significant number of species, but [[natural selection]] in general has some role in female genital evolution.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sloan|first1=Nadia S.|last2=Simmons|first2=Leigh W.|date=2019|title=The evolution of female genitalia|journal=Journal of Evolutionary Biology|volume=32|issue=9|pages=882–899|doi=10.1111/jeb.13503|pmid=31267594|bibcode=2019JEBio..32..882S |issn=1420-9101|doi-access=free}}</ref>

==Symbol==
{{Main|Gender symbol|Venus symbol}}

The symbol ♀ ([[Unicode]]: U+2640 [[Alt codes]]: Alt+12), a circle with a small cross underneath, is commonly used to represent females. [[Joseph Justus Scaliger]] once speculated that the symbol was associated with [[Venus (goddess)|Venus, goddess of beauty]], because it resembles a bronze mirror with a handle,<ref>{{Citation|last=Taylor|first=Robert B.|title=White Coat Tales|date=2016|pages=293–310|chapter=Now and Future Tales|publisher=Springer International Publishing|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-29055-3_12|isbn=978-3-319-29053-9}}</ref> but modern scholars consider that fanciful, and the most established view is that the female and male symbols derive from contractions in Greek script of the Greek names of the planets Thouros (Mars) and Phosphoros (Venus).<ref name="Stearn">{{cite journal|last=Stearn|first=William T.|date=May 1962|title=The Origin of the Male and Female Symbols of Biology|journal=Taxon|volume=11|issue=4|pages=109–113|doi=10.2307/1217734|jstor=1217734|bibcode=1962Taxon..11..109S |quote=The origin of these symbols has long been of interest to scholars. Probably none now accepts the interpretation of Scaliger that {{char|♂}} represents the shield and spear of Mars and {{char|♀}} Venus's looking glass.|s2cid=87030547}}</ref><ref>G D Schott, ''Sex, drugs, and rock and roll: Sex symbols ancient and modern: their origins and iconography on the pedigree'', ''BMJ'' 2005;331:1509-1510 (24 December), {{doi|10.1136/bmj.331.7531.1509}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Wiktionary}}
{{commons category|Females}}

{{Portal|Human sexuality|Feminism}}

* [[Girl]]
* [[Pregnancy]]
* [[Femininity]]
* [[Lady]]
* [[Woman]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Sex (biology)}}
{{Sexual identities}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Female| ]]
[[Category:Terms for women| ]]
[[Category:Sex]]
[[Category:Girls]]

1948–49 Ranji Trophy

2026-02-22T13:33:36Z

Shailendra:

{{Short description|Indian cricket tournament}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament
| name = 1948–49 Ranji Trophy
| image = Ranji_trophy.jpg
| imagesize = 350px
| caption = The Ranji Trophy
| administrator = [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]]
| cricket format = [[First-class cricket|First-class]]
| tournament format = [[Single-elimination tournament|Knockout]]
| fromdate =
| todate =
| champions = [[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]]
| count = 5
| participants = 15
| matches =
| attendance =
| player of the series =
| most runs = [[Dattu Phadkar]] (Bombay) (570)<ref>{{cite web|title=Ranji Trophy, 1948/49 / Records / Most runs |url-access=subscription |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Ranji_Trophy_1948-49/Batting_by_Runs.html|access-date=23 August 2014}}</ref>
| most wickets = [[Ranga Sohoni]] (Baroda) (33)<ref>{{cite web|title=Ranji Trophy, 1948/49 / Records / Most wickets |url-access=subscription |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Ranji_Trophy_1948-49/Bowling_by_Wickets.html|access-date=23 August 2014}}</ref>
| website =
| previous_year = 1947–48
| previous_tournament = 1947–48 Ranji Trophy
| next_year = 1949–50
| next_tournament = 1949–50 Ranji Trophy
}}

The '''1948–49 Ranji Trophy''' was the 15th season of the [[Ranji Trophy]]. [[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]] won the title defeating [[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]] in the final. The semi-final match between Bombay and [[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]] was the highest-scoring [[first-class cricket|first-class]] match of all time.<ref name="highest">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/149397.html |title=A late starter |access-date=14 March 2017 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> A total of 2,376 runs were scored, including nine centuries.<ref name="scorecard">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/554954.html |title=Ranji Trophy, Maharashtra v Bombay at Pune, Mar 5-11, 1949 |access-date=14 March 2017 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

==Highlights==

* [[B. B. Nimbalkar]] scored 443 not out for [[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]] v [[Kathiawar cricket team|Kathiawar]] at Poona.<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ranji-trophy-1948-49-545428/maharashtra-vs-kathiawar-266830/full-scorecard Maharashtra v Kathiawar], 16 – 18 December 1948</ref> It was the second highest individual score in first class cricket at the time and still the highest by an Indian cricketer.<ref>[https://stats.acscricket.com/Records/First_Class/Overall/Batting/Double_Hundreds_by_Score.html Highest scores in first class cricket], ''acscricket.com''</ref> Nimbalkar was nine runs behind [[Don Bradman|Don Bradman's]] record at lunch on the third day but Kathiawar conceded the match at this point.
:* Maharashtra's 826 for 4 was the second highest team total in Ranji trophy at the time.<ref>[https://stats.acscricket.com/Records/First_Class/Overall/Team/Highest_Team_Totals_in_India.html Highest Team Totals in India], ''acscricket.com''</ref>
* The Zonal format was not used in the 1948–49 season of Ranji Trophy. It was the only time that this was done until the zones were replaced by the Elite and Plate divisions in [[2002–03 Ranji Trophy|2002–03]]
* The Bombay v Maharashtra semifinal produced 2376 runs, in the most in any first class match.<ref>[https://stats.acscricket.com/Records/First_Class/Overall/Team/Highest_Match_Aggregates.html Highest Match Aggregates, acscricket.com]</ref> Bombay's total of 1365 runs is the record for a team in any first class match<ref>[https://stats.acscricket.com/Records/First_Class/Overall/Team/Highest_Team_Totals_Both_Innings.html Highest Team Totals, acscricket.com]</ref>
:* Three batsmen – [[Uday Merchant]] 143 & 156, [[Dattu Phadkar]] 131 & 160 and [[Madhusudan Rege]] 133 & 100 – uniquely scored hundreds in both innings.
* The semifinals and finals were timeless matches. Both the Bombay – Maharashtra semifinal and the Bombay – Baroda final went into the seventh day,
* Three of the four semifinalists were from the West Zone.
* Assam made their Ranji Trophy debut in this season against United Provinces.

==Draw==
===Top half===
{{Round16|style=white-space:nowrap

| seed-width = 25px
| team-width = 150px
| score-width = 100px

|||||
|||||
|12 Nov 1948 – Bangalore|[[Mysore cricket team|Mysore]]|186 & 122|'''[[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]]'''|'''327 & 157'''
|||||
|||||
|||||
|||||
|||||

|17 Dec 1948 – Shillong|[[Assam cricket team|Assam]]|153 & 118|'''[[United Provinces cricket team|United Provinces]]'''|'''368'''
|16 Dec 1948 – Poona|'''[[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]]'''|'''826/4'''|[[Kathiawar cricket team|Kathiawar]]|238
|||||
|21 Jan 1949 – Calcutta|[[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]|251 & 131/4|'''[[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]]'''|'''574/5d & 127/2d'''

|12 Feb 1949 – Kanpur|[[United Provinces cricket team|United Provinces]]|131 & 91|'''[[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]]'''|'''396'''
|12 Feb 1949 – Madras|[[Madras cricket team|Madras]]|331 & 106/2|'''[[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]]'''|'''375 & 254/5d'''

|5 Mar 1949 – Poona|[[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]]|407 & 604|'''[[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]]'''|'''651 & 714'''

|skipmatch01=yes|skipmatch02=yes|skipmatch03=no|skipmatch04=yes|skipmatch05=yes|skipmatch06=yes|skipmatch07=yes|skipmatch08=yes|skipmatch11=yes
|RD1 = Round 1|RD2 = Round 2|RD3 = Quarterfinals|RD4 = Semifinals
|3rdplace=no}}

===Bottom half===
{{Round16|style=white-space:nowrap

| seed-width = 25px
| team-width = 175px
| score-width = 80px

|||||
|||||
|||||
|||||
|||||
|||||
|||||
|||||

|21 Jan 1949 – Jamshedpur|'''[[Bihar cricket team|Bihar]]'''|'''153 & 136'''|[[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]]|212 & 48
|3 Dec 1948 – Indore|'''[[Holkar cricket team|Holkar]]'''|'''390 & 46/1'''|[[Central Provinces and Berar cricket team|Central Provinces and Berar]]|247 & 317/8d
|||||
|16 Nov 1948 – Secunderabad|[[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]]|80 & 80|'''[[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]'''|'''98 & 65/2'''

|12 Feb 1949 – Jamshedpur|[[Bihar cricket team|Bihar]]|188 & 128|'''[[Holkar cricket team|Holkar]]'''|'''328'''
|17 Dec 1948 – Ahmedabad|[[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]]|198 & 94|'''[[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]'''|'''211 & 253'''

|7 Mar 1949 – Indore|[[Holkar cricket team|Holkar]]|133 & 240|'''[[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]'''|'''349 & 25/1'''

|skipmatch01=yes|skipmatch02=yes|skipmatch03=yes|skipmatch04=yes|skipmatch05=yes|skipmatch06=yes|skipmatch07=yes|skipmatch08=yes|skipmatch11=yes
|RD1 = Round 1|RD2 = Round 2|RD3 = Quarterfinals|RD4 = Semifinals
|3rdplace=no}}

==Final==
{{Test match
| date = 18–24 March 1949
| team2 = [[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]
| team1 = [[Mumbai cricket team|Bombay]] (H)
| score-team1-inns1 = '''620 (253.3 overs)'''
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[K. C. Ibrahim]] 219, [[Michael Dalvi]] 110
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Ranga Sohoni]] 3/117
| score-team2-inns1 = '''268 (145.1 overs)'''
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Vijay Hazare]] 98
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Dattu Phadkar]] 6/49
| score-team1-inns2 = '''361 (123.4 overs)'''
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Gulabrai Ramchand|G. S. Ramchand]] 80*
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Ranga Sohoni]] 5/86
| score-team2-inns2 = '''245 (126.1 overs)'''
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Vijay Hazare]] 115
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Polly Umrigar]] 4/35
| result = Bombay won by 468 runs
| venue = [[Brabourne Stadium]], [[Mumbai|Bombay]]
| umpires = [[Prasad Sinha]] and [[M. G. Vijayasarathi]]
| report = [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/18/18800.html Scorecard]
| toss = Bombay won the toss and decided to bat
| rain =
| notes = Timeless match, ended on the seventh day
}}

==Scorecards and averages==
*[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Ranji_Trophy_1948-49.html CricketArchive]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/series/545428.html Series home at ESPNcricinfo]

{{Ranji Trophy Seasons}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1948-49 Ranji Trophy}}
[[Category:1948 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:1949 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:Ranji Trophy seasons]]
[[Category:Domestic cricket competitions in 1948–49]]

{{Indian-domestic-cricket-competition-stub}}

Minimata Agam Dass Guru

2026-02-21T03:39:49Z

Shailendra: improve structure based on references

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}

{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Minimata Agam Dass Guru
| image =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1916|03|15}}
| birth_name = Meenakshi Devi
| birth_place = Sainabagan, [[Assam Province|Assam]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1973|08|11|1916|03|15}}
| death_place = [[Palam Airport]], [[Delhi]]
| caption = Portrait of Minimata Agam Dass Guru
| spouse = Guru Agam Das (m. 1932)
| office = Member of Lok Sabha
| term_start = 1957
| term_end = 1973
| successor = [[Manhar Bhagatram]]
| constituency = [[Janjgir-Champa]]
| term_start1 = 1955
| term_end1 = 1957
| successor1 = Constituency abolished
| predecessor1 = Guru Agamdas
| constituency1 = Bilaspur-Durg-Raipur
| parents = Budhari Das Mahant Devmati Bai
}}

'''Minimata Agam Das Guru''' (15 March 1916{{snd}}11 August 1973) was an Indian politician from the [[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress Party]], and a Member of Parliament in the first through fifth terms of the [[Lok Sabha]] from Madhya Pradesh.

== Early life ==
Minimata was born in Meenakshi Devi in Sainabagan, [[Nagaon district]] in [[Assam]] in 1916 to Budharidas Mahant.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Dalit movement in India and its leaders, 1857-1956|last=Kshīrasāgara|first=Rāmacandra|publisher=M.D. Publications|year=1994|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5WxuAAAAMAAJ|pages=270–271|isbn=9788185880433 }}</ref> She was educated at Girls School, Nagaon and [[Raipur]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://164.100.47.194/loksabha/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/851.htm|title=Lok Sabha member profiles|website=Lok Sabha|access-date=29 July 2017}}</ref>

She married Guru Agam Das, the then Guru of the [[Satnampanth|Satnami Panth]], on 2 July 1930.<ref name=":1" />

== Political career ==
Minimata was elected to the first Lok Sabha in a bye-election in 1955 after the death of the sitting MP, her husband, Guru Agam Das.<ref name=":0" /> She contested the same constituency on a Congress party nomination and won. In 1962, she contested for the Indian National Congress party in Madhya Pradesh state, in Baloda Bazar, a Scheduled Caste reserved constituency. She won with more than 52% of the vote, defeating the Prajya Socialist Party candidate.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 1962, to the Third Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1962/Vol_I_LS_62.pdf|pages=109}}</ref> In 1967, she contested for the Indian National Congress Party in the Schedule Caste reserved constituency of Janjgir, then in Madhya Pradesh state, winning with more than 62% of the vote.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 1967, to the Fourth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf|pages=131}}</ref> Minimata contested the same constituency of Janjgir in 1971, again for the Indian National Congress Party, and again winning the election.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 1971 to the Fifth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf|pages=142}}</ref> She died in 1973 before the end of her parliamentary term, prompting a by-election.{{citation needed|date=October 2019}}

Besides her parliamentary work, she served as General Secretary, State Congress Committee; President of Guru Ghasidas Seva Sangh; President of Harijan Education Society; Vice-President, State Depressed Classes League; Secretary, Mahila Mandal, Raipur.<ref name=":1" /> She was also a member of the Social Welfare Board, Raipur and a member of District Congress Committee, Raipur.<ref name=":1" />
Minimata was associated with [[Satnampanth|Satnami]] politics, a form of Ambedkarite Dalit self-assertion.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Satnami Self-Assertion and Dalit Activism: everyday life and caste in rural Chhattisgarh (central India) (PhD Dissertation)|last=Singh|first=Yasna|publisher=London School of Economics and Political Science e-theses|year=2013|url=http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/689/1/Singh_Satnami_self-assertion.pdf}}</ref> After the death of her husband, she took on the leadership of the community.<ref name=":2" /> She stood against casteism and untouchability, as well as child marriage and dowry.<ref name=":0" />

== Personal life ==
Her parliamentary profile listed her hobbies as reading, knitting, embroidery, cooking and gardening, and debating and discussion on social and political affairs.<ref name=":1" />

Minimata died in an airplane crash on a flight from Raipur to Delhi; the plane crashed as it tried to land at Palam airport.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Ilina |title=Inside Chhattisgarh: A Political Memoir |publisher=Penguin |year=2014}}</ref>
== References ==
{{Reflist}}8, <nowiki>https://cgculture.in/samman_front_list.aspx?id=Y3j79zuhgzch7sZF33PD0Q==</nowiki>
9, <nowiki>https://www.livehindustan.com/lok-sabha-election/story-minimata-is-first-woman-mp-of-chhatisgarh-know-about-her-peronal-and-political-career-2453768.html</nowiki>

10, https://www.cgnewshindi.in/2020/06/mini-mata-chhattisgarh.html

[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Women members of the Lok Sabha]]
[[Category:1916 births]]
[[Category:1973 deaths]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:India MPs 1952–1957]]
[[Category:India MPs 1957–1962]]
[[Category:India MPs 1962–1967]]
[[Category:India MPs 1967–1970]]
[[Category:India MPs 1971–1977]]
[[Category:People from Nagaon district]]
[[Category:People from Raipur district]]
[[Category:People from Janjgir-Champa district]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:Women in Madhya Pradesh politics]]

Kailash Chand Verma

2026-02-18T11:03:55Z

Shailendra: added first entry with sources

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image = Kailash Chand Verma, MLA.jpg
| caption = Verma in 2025
| name = Kailash Chand Verma
| office = [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Bagru Assembly constituency|Bagru]]
| term_start = 3 December 2023
| predecessor = Ganga Devi
| term_start1 = 2013
| term_end1 = 2018
| predecessor1 = Ganga Devi
| successor1 = Ganga Devi
| office2 = Parliamentary Secretary, [[Government of Rajasthan]]
| term_start2 = 10 December 2016
| term_end2 = 17 December 2018
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Nimeda, [[Jaipur]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]
| children = 1
| spouse = Sita Devi
| education = [[Master of Arts|M.A.]] & [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Rajasthan]]
| occupation = Politician
}}

'''Kailash Chand Verma''' is an Indian [[politician]] currently serving as a [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]] from [[Bagru Assembly constituency|Bagru]].<ref>{{cite web |date=3 December 2023 |title=Bagru Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: BJP's Kailash Chand Verma with 145170 defeats INC's Ganga Devi |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/bagru-assembly-election-results-2023-live-2470669-2023-12-03 |access-date=2023-12-04 |publisher=India Today}}</ref> He previously served as the Parliamentary Secretary in the [[Government of Rajasthan]] from 2016 to 2018. He is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/elections/rajasthan/kailash-chand-verma-assembly-candidate-s20aed2008a056e2023c002/|title=Rajasthan Bagru Election Result 2023: Kailash Chand Verma|publisher=News18|access-date=2023-12-04}}</ref>

==Political career==
Verma was first elected to the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly in 2013 from the [[Bagru (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bagru]] constituency'''.''' During his first term, he served as a Parliamentary Secretary or represented the Bagru constituency in the [[Government of Rajasthan]] from 2016 to 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wadhawan |first=Dev Ankur |date=2016-12-10 |title=Rajasthan cabinet expansion: Vasundhara Raje inducts 6 new ministers, including Dalit MLA |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/rajasthan-cabinet-expansion-vasundhara-raje-dalit-mla-kamsa-meghwal-kalyan-singh-356834-2016-12-10 |access-date=2026-02-18 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

In the 2018 [[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]], Verma contested again from Bagru but was defeated by [[Ganga Devi Verma|Ganga Devi]] of the [[Indian National Congress (INC)]]. He subsequently reclaimed the seat in the [[2023 elections in India|2023 election]], where he defeated Ganga Devi by a margin of '''45,250 votes'''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/partywisewinresult-369S20.htm|title=General Elections to Assembly Constituencies: Trends & Results Dec-2023|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=2023-12-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=BAGRU ASSEMBLY ELECTION RESULTS 2023 NEWS|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/rajasthan/constituency-show/bagru|publisher=[[Times of India]]|access-date=2023-12-04}}</ref>

==Electoral record==
===2023 Bagru Assembly Election===
{| class="wikitable"
!Candidate !! Party !! Result !! Votes !! Vote share
|-
| Kailash Chand Verma || {{flagicon image|BJP flag.svg}}BJP || Elected || 145,170 || 56.54%
|-
| Ganga Devi || {{flagicon image|Indian_National_Congress_Flag.svg}}INC || Runner-up || 99,920 || 38.92%
|-
| Tarachand Raigar || RLTP || – || 3,732 || 1.45%
|}
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/rajasthan/constituency-show/bagru|title=Bagru Assembly Election Results 2023|website=The Times of India|access-date=18 April 2025}}</ref>
===2018 Bagru Assembly Election===
{| class="wikitable"
!Candidate !! Party !! Result !! Votes !! Vote share
|-
| Ganga Devi || {{flagicon image|Indian_National_Congress_Flag.svg}}INC || Elected || 96,635 || 44.77%
|-
| Kailash Chand Verma || {{flagicon image|BJP flag.svg}}BJP || Runner-up || 91,292 || 42.30%
|-
| Dinesh Rai Bhati || RLTP || – || 15,796 || 7.32%
|}
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/rajasthan/constituency-show/bagru|title=Bagru Assembly Election Results 2023|website=The Times of India|access-date=18 April 2025}}</ref>
===2013 Bagru Assembly Election===
{| class="wikitable"
!Candidate !! Party !! Result !! Votes !! Vote share
|-
| Kailash Chand Verma || {{flagicon image|BJP flag.svg}}BJP || Elected || 100,947 || 57.34%
|-
| Dr. Prahlad Raghu || {{flagicon image|Indian_National_Congress_Flag.svg}}INC || Runner-up || 54,591 || 31.01%
|-
| Ramji Lal Bairwa || NPEP || – || 11,998 || 6.82%
|}
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/rajasthan/constituency-show/bagru|title=Bagru Assembly Election Results 2023|website=The Times of India|access-date=18 April 2025}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Verma, Kailash Chand}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:1985 births]]
[[Category:University of Rajasthan alumni]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Rajasthan]]

{{Rajasthan-BJP-politician-stub}}

Sosamma Iype

2026-02-12T02:50:11Z

Shailendra: Creating Basic Stub W/ Sources

{{Short description|Indian animal conservationist}}
{{Indian patronymic|Sosamma|Iype}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sosamma Iype
| native_name =
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1941}}
| birth_place = [[Niranam]], [[Thiruvalla]], [[Travancore]], [[British India]]
| death_place =
| death_date =
| alma_mater = Union Christian College, Aluva, Veterinary College, Mannuthy, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana.
| citizenship = India
| occupation = Animal Conservationist
| known_for = Conservation of Vechur Cow
| parents = Kottayil Varghese Iype and Mariamma Iype
| spouse = Late Dr. Abraham Varkey
| children = Dr. Rebecca Varghese, George Abraham
| awards = India Biodiversity Award
| honours = Padma Shri
}}
'''Sosamma Iype''' is an Indian animal conservationist from Niranam, [[Pathanamthitta district]], [[Kerala]]. She was the former Head of the Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding at the [[Kerala Agricultural University|Kerala Veterinary University]] and was awarded the [[Padma Shri]] for the year 2022 by the Government of India for her services to conserve the [[Vechoor cow|Vechur cow, a native breed of cattle]].<ref name="Manorama">{{cite news |title=ശോശാമ്മ ഐപ്പ് ഉയരം കുറഞ്ഞതിനെ തേടി; ഇപ്പോൾ 'ഉയരം' രാജ്യത്തോളം |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/news/kerala/2022/01/26/dr-sosamma-iype-who-preserves-vechoor-cows-padma-shri.html |work=ManoramaOnline |language=ml}}</ref> She has devoted her life to the conservation of the Vechur cows and is often called "Vechur Amma," literally meaning mother of Vechur cows.<ref name="Manoramanews"/>

==Biography==
Sosamma Iype was born in 1941 at [[Niranam]] village in [[Thiruvalla]] of present-day Pathanamthitta district. She was a Professor and researcher at Kerala Veterinary University (formerly Mannuthy Veterinary College).<ref name="Manoramanews">{{cite news |title=വെച്ചൂർ പശുക്കളുടെ സ്വന്തം വെച്ചൂർ അമ്മ; പത്മശ്രീയിൽ തിളങ്ങി ശോശാമ്മ ഐപ്പ് |url=https://www.manoramanews.com/news/kerala/2022/01/26/dr-sosamma-iype-who-preserves-vechoor-cows-padma-shri.html |work=Manoramanews |language=en}}</ref> Sosamma, who holds a PhD from the National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana worked as Head of the Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding at the Kerala Veterinary University.<ref name="Manoramanews"/> She retired from Kerala Veterinary University in 2001 as the Director, Centre for Advanced Studies in Animal Genetics & Breeding.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Daily |first1=Keralakaumudi |title=ലേഖനമെഴുതാൻ അന്വേഷിച്ചു; വെച്ചൂർ പശുവിന്റെ പോറ്റമ്മയായി |url=https://keralakaumudi.com/news/news.php?id=737824&u=sosamma-iype-737824 |work=Keralakaumudi Daily |language=en}}</ref> Despite retiring from official life, Sosamma is still active in the Vechur Conservation Trust, an NGO formed for the conservation of domestic animals and birds of Kerala State.<ref name="Mathrubhumi">{{cite news |last1=സേതുമാധവന്‍ |first1=ഡോ ടി പി |title=കല്ലും മുള്ളും താണ്ടി ഡോ.ശോശാമ്മ ഐപ്പ് തീര്‍ത്ത 'വെച്ചൂര്‍ വിപ്ലവം' |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/agriculture/features/dr-sosamma-iype-who-preserves-vechoor-cows-padma-shri-1.6391126 |work=Mathrubhumi |language=ml}}</ref>

===Personal life===
She and her husband late Abraham Varkey (Retd. Professor of Surgery, Kerala Veterinary University) have two children Dr. Rebecca Varghese and George C Abraham.<ref name="Mathrubhumi"/> She now lives in [[Mannuthy]], [[Thrissur district]].<ref name="Mathrubhumi"/>

==Conservation of Vechur Cows==
The [[Vechur Cow]] is a rare breed of [[zebu|''Bos indicus'']] [[cattle]] named after the village [[Vechoor|Vechur]] in [[Kerala]]. Dr. Sosamma Iype with like-minded conservationists in Kerala, started a 30-year conservation project in 1989 to save the endangered Vechoor cows.<ref name="Indian Express">{{cite news |title=Holy Cow Small Packs a Big Punch |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/2014/dec/20/holy-cow-small-packs-a-big-punch-696550.html |work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date= 20 December 2014}}</ref> In the early nineties, Sosamma and her husband, Dr. Abraham Varkey, who was also a veterinarian, traveled for years with a group of young vet graduates to remote villages in the [[Pathanamthitta district|Pathanamthitta]], [[Alappuzha district|Alappuzha]] and [[Kottayam district|Kottayam]] districts in search of pure bred Vechur cows.<ref name="Indian Express"/> The 8 Vechur cows thus obtained were paid for and kept in the stables of the Kerala Veterinary University.<ref name="Manorama"/> Multiple Ovulation and Embryo Transfer (MOET) technique was used for breeding the cows.<ref name=":0" /> By 1998, the number of animals in the unit had increased and about 30 animals had been sold to cattle farmers to set up some field units.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last1=Choubey |first1=Alin |title=Conservation of Vechur Cattle by Dr. Sossama Iype, Kerala – Nature-based solutions |url=http://www.ecosystemsbasedsolutions.in/index.html_p=121.html |language=English}}</ref> At present there are about 7,000 Vechur cows in the state.<ref name="Manoramanews"/> Her interventions are considered by some people to be the second major biodiversity conservation initiative in Kerala after the campaign to protect the environmentally vulnerable [[Silent Valley National Park|Silent Valley]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jan 26 |first1=T. Ramavarman / |title=vechur: Honour For Her Conservation Efforts {{!}} Kochi News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/honour-for-her-conservation-efforts/articleshow/89127078.cms |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

Opponents of the project have accused that the group is working against government policy by reintroducing an unproductive cattle breed.<ref name="Indian Express"/> When the project was successful, Sosamma was accused of collaborating with the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh to patent the vechur cow's genetic code. Environmentalist [[Vandana Shiva]] had claimed that the Roslin Institute in Scotland obtained a patent for discovering the genetic makeup of Vechoor cows.<ref name="Mathrubhumi"/> "The patent number is E.P.765390 and the scientists behind the project of Sosamma are behind it" Shiva said.<ref name="Mathrubhumi"/> The national media and the international journal [[Nature (journal)|Nature]] published it with a great prominence.<ref name="Mathrubhumi"/> But the investigations on this allegation proved to be false.<ref name="Indian Express"/> The controversy, which began in 1998, took two years to resolve.<ref name="Mathrubhumi"/> Based on her experiences in conservation of Vechur cows, she has written a book named ''Vechur Pashu: Punarjanmam'' which literally means "Vechur Cow: Rebirth."<ref name="Manorama"/>

==Awards and honors==
*Padma Shri 2022
*India Biodiversity Award 2016 from the [[United Nations Development Programme]] (UNDP), Indian Ministry of Forest, Environment, and Climate Change and National Biodiversity Authority of India.<ref name="IM">{{cite web |title=Sosamma Iype awarded India Biodiversity Award for her conservation work with Vechur cattle |url=https://imalayalee.org/sosamma-iype-awarded-india-biodiversity-award-her-conservation-work-vechur-cattle |website=iMalayalee MultiChannel News Portal |language=en |date=27 May 2016}}</ref>
*Award from the [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] (FAO)<ref name="Mathrubhumi"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in "Others" Category}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sosamma, Iype}}
[[Category:1942 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Conservationists]]
[[Category:Indian conservationists]]
[[Category:Animal breeders]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in other fields]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:People from Pathanamthitta district]]
[[Category:Women geneticists]]
[[Category:Indian geneticists]]

Eklavya Jagal

2026-02-05T03:25:44Z

Shailendra:

{{Short description|Short track speed skater from India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Eklavya Jagal
| image = Eklavya Solo Half.jpg
| alt = Eklavya jagal : Short Track speed skater India
| caption = Eklavya jagal : Short Track speed skater India
| nickname = Eki
| national_team = Team India
| birth_date = 14 February 2007 (age 18)
| birth_place = Mumbai - India
| alma_mater = University of Utah
| height = 193.04 cm (6 ft 4.00 in)
| weight = 80 kg (176 lb; 12 st 8 lb)
| other_interests = Basketball & e-Sports
| sport = Short Track Ice Skating
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[short track speed skating]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Trophy 2025]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[Asian Trophy 2025]]|[[Asian Open Short track speed skating Trophy 2025|5000 m]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[Asian Trophy 2025]]|[[Asian Open Short track speed skating Trophy 2025|500 m]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[Asian Trophy 2025]]|[[Asian Open Short track speed skating Trophy 2025|1000 m]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Indonesia Open 2024]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[Indonesia Open 2024 Jakarta]]|[[Short track speed skating Indonesia Open 2024 Jakarta|500 m]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[Indonesia Open 2024 Jakarta]]|[[Short track speed skating Indonesia Open 2024 Jakarta|1000 m]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[Indonesia Open 2024 Jakarta]]|[[Short track speed skating Indonesia Open 2024 Jakarta|1500 m]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Jasz Cup]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[8th Jász Cup 2024 Hungary]]|[[Short track speed skating at 8th Jász Cup 2024 Hungary|500 m]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[3rd Khelo India Winter Games 2023]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[3rd Khelo India Winter Games - Gulmarg]]|[[Short track speed skating at 3rd Khelo India Winter Games - Gulmarg|500 m]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[3rd Khelo India Winter Games - Gulmarg]]|[[Short track speed skating at 3rd Khelo India Winter Games - Gulmarg|1000 m]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[4th Khelo India Winter Games 2024]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[4th Khelo India Winter Games - Ladakh]]|[[Short track speed skating at 4th Khelo India Winter Games - Ladakh|500 m]]}}
| show-medals = Yes
| updated = 29-08-2025
}}

'''Eklavya Jagal''' (born 14 February 2007) is an Indian short track speed skater. He won 1 silver medal and 2 bronze medals<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=Eklavya Jagal Wins Double Bronze At Asian Open Short Track Trophy 2025 |url=https://news.abplive.com/sports/india-young-ice-star-eklavya-jagal-scripts-history-with-double-bronze-at-asian-open-short-track-trophy-2025-1796250 |work=ABP News}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Eklavya Jagal Wins Two Bronze Medals at Asian Open Short Track Trophy 2025 |url=https://www.kreedon.com/eklavya-jagal-wins-two-bronze-medals-at-asian-open-short-track-trophy-2025 |website=Kreed On}}</ref> in the '''Asian Trophy''' 2025.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Eklavya Jagal has brought home one silver and two bronze medals from the Asian Open Short Track Trophy 2025 |url=https://thebrighterworld.com/detail/Breaking-the-Ice-Eklavya-Jagal-Wins-Silver-and-Two-Bronze-at-Asian-Open-Short-Track-Trophy-2025/ODk0OA== |website=The Brighter World}}</ref> He also won three gold medals in Indonesia Open'24. He has also won two [[Khelo India Winter Games]] tournaments, the annual winter games of India.

== Biography ==
Jagal was born on 14 February 2007 in [[Mumbai]], India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home of Skating |url=https://isu-skating.com/short-track/skaters/eklavya-jagal/ |website=International Skating Union}}</ref> He began skating as an inline roller skater at the age of 10. Initially, he did part time short track ice skating at the 45 metre recreational ice skating rink [[ISKATE|iSkate]] situated at Gurugram Ambience mall in [[Gurgaon|Gurugram]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=iSkate School |url=https://www.iskate.co.in/school/ |website=iSkate.co.in|date=4 August 2021 }}</ref> Eklavya has done his schooling from Amity International School Noida.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Amity Noida Student Eklavya Jagal wins GOLD in 15th National Ice Skating Championships |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/skating/amity-noida-student-eklavya-jagal-wins-gold-in-15ht-national-ice-skating-championships |website=Sportskeeda|date=19 November 2018 }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news |title=Eklavya Jagal Wins Gold in 17th National Ice Skating Championships {{!}} PHOTOS |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/eklavya-jagal-wins-gold-in-17th-national-ice-skating-championships-photos-article-91943339 |work=Times Now}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amity International School's Eklavya Jagal wins gold medal at 4th Khelo India Winter Games |url=https://www.indiansportsnews.com/other-sports/more-sports/48892-eklavya-jagal-a-student-of-amity-international-school-noida-wins-gold-medal-at-the-4th-khelo-india-winter-games-2024 |website=indiansportsnews|date=6 February 2024 }}</ref>

Eklavya has been the gold medals winner for the 5 consecutive years.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |title=Eklavya Jagal wins gold in National Ice Skating Championships for 5th successive year |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/other-sports/story/eklavya-jagal-wins-gold-in-national-ice-skating-championships-for-5th-straight-year-1957411-2022-06-02 |work=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rising Star! Eklavya Jagal Wins Gold in 15th National Ice Skating Championships {{!}} PICS |url=https://www.india.com/sports/rising-star-eklavya-jagal-wins-gold-in-15th-national-ice-skating-championships-pics-3441822/ |website=india.com}}</ref> He participated in the 3rd [[Khelo India Winter Games]] in February 2023, where he won two gold medals.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Khelo India Winter Games 2023: Eklavya Jagal wins 2 gold medals in short-track ice skating |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/khelo-india-winter-games-2023-eklavya-jagal-wins-2-gold-medals-in-short-track-ice-skating/articleshow/98008117.cms |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 February 2023 |title=Khelo India Winter Games: Skating sensation Eklavya Jagal wins two gold medals |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/others/khelo-india-winter-games-skating-sensation-eklavya-jagal-wins-two-gold-medals-101676645651687.html |website=The Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2023 |title=KHELO INDIA में EKLAVYA JAGAL ने जीते शानदार 2 गोल्ड, लगातार NATIONAL में भी बनाया दबदबा |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tFb9kpJfpKQ |website=Sports Tak You Tube}}</ref> He also won a gold medal at the 4th edition of the games.<ref name=":1" />

Eklavya Jagal, won one silver Medal and two bronze medals <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /> at the Asian Open Short Track Trophy 2025.<ref name=":5" /> The event took place from August 20 to 23 at the Himadri Ice Skating Rink in Dehradun. The event featured skaters from 11 Asian countries competing fiercely across multiple distances.

He clinched silver in 5000 m relay race and bronze in both the 500m and 1000m races.<ref name=":5" />

At the Indonesia Open Short Track Championship (Jakarta 2023), he won three gold medals in the 500m, 1000m and 1500m tournaments. He won a bronze medal at the 8th Jász Cup held in Hungary in January 2024 and earned a Bronze medal in the 500 meters.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biography for Eklavya Jagal |url=https://www.shorttracklive.info/index.php?comp=821&skaterid=5325&m=12&saison=18 |website=www.shorttracklive.info/}}</ref> In his debut at the 9th [[Asian Winter Games]] ([[Harbin]], China – February 2025): games, Jagal achieved a 23rd rank in the 500 meters distance event.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Event Classification |url=https://wrs.harbin2025.com/data/AWG2025/data/STK/STKM500M--------------------------_DT_PDF_C74A.pdf?random=0.8097006476714536 |website=wrs.harbin2025.com}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[India at the 2025 Asian Winter Games]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jagal, Eklavya}}
[[Category:Indian short-track speed skaters]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2007 births]]
[[Category:People from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian sportspeople]]
[[Category:Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Short-track speed skaters at the 2025 Asian Winter Games]]

List of Intangible Cultural Heritage elements in India

2026-01-25T15:18:05Z

Shailendra: added first details added tags

{{short description|none}}
[[File:Flag_of_India.svg|thumb|200x200px|
<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:UNESCO-ICH-blue.svg|link=Intangible cultural heritage|frameless|55x55px]] [[File:UNESCO_logo.svg|link=UNESCO|frameless|70x70px]]</div>
]]
'''[[UNESCO]]'s list of [[intangible cultural heritage]] from India''' includes sixteen items (all are intangible cultural heritage).<ref>{{Cite web |title=UNESCO - India |url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=ich.unesco.org |language=en |archive-date=2021-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520153604/https://ich.unesco.org/en/state |url-status=dead }}</ref> The latest cultural heritage included in the list is Deepavali(festival) added in 2025 and [[Garba (dance)|Garba]], a tradition dance form from [[Gujarat]]. No examples from India were included in the "Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Protection" and "Register of Good Safeguarding Practices".

The inclusion of new heritage elements in UNESCO's lists of intangible cultural heritage is determined by the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage established by the convention.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-15 |title=Functions of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage - intangible heritage - Culture Sector - UNESCO |url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/functions-00586 |access-date=2023-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615102707/https://ich.unesco.org/en/functions-00586 |archive-date=2022-06-15 }}</ref> In India, [[Ministry of Culture (India)|Ministry of Culture]] is charged with preservation, promotion and dissemination of culture of India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us {{!}} Ministry of Culture, Government of India |url=https://indiaculture.gov.in/about-us |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=indiaculture.gov.in}}</ref>

India was added to the list for the first time in 2008 (at that time total three examples were added).

According to UNESCO, intangible cultural heritage includes holidays, festivals, performances, oral traditions, music and handicrafts were included in the list.

[[Nowruz]] or Navroz is the only object in the list which is shared by multiple countries. Navroz in India is celebrated mainly by Parsi community (Indian [[Zoroastrianism in India|Zoroastrianian]] community).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-25 |title=A brief history of Nowruz: Celebration of beginnings, assertion of identity |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-culture/nowruz-history-significance-celebration-persians-kurds-indians-8512962/ |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Al Jazeera Staff |title=What is Nowruz and how is the Persian New Year celebrated? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/21/what-is-nowruz-and-how-is-it-celebrated |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref>

== Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity ==
{{Legend|#D0E7FF|Transnational element|outline=silver|text=+}}

=== Representative List ===
{|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="margin:0 1em 0 0; font-size:95%;"
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"
! style="width:25%" | Name
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Image
! Year listed
! Type
! Region/state
! Description
! No.
|-
! scope="row"| [[Koodiyattam|Kutiyattam]], [[Sanskrit]] theatre
| [[File:Margi madhu in koodiyattam as ravanan.JPG|150px]]
| 2008
| Performing arts
| [[Kerala]]
| Koodiyattam or Kutiyattam is performed by [[Chakyar]] and [[Nambiar (Ambalavasi caste)|Nangyaramma]] castes of Kerala. It is a performing art that dates back to [[Sangam period|Sangam era]].
|[https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/kutiyattam-sanskrit-theatre-00010 00010]
|-
! scope="row"| Tradition of [[Vedic chant]]ing
| [[File:1500-1200 BCE Rigveda, manuscript page sample i, Mandala 1, Hymn 1 (Sukta 1), Adhyaya 1, lines 1.1.1 to 1.1.9, Sanskrit, Devanagari.jpg|150px]]
| 2008
| Oral literature
| Whole India
| Vedic chanting is chanting of [[Mantra|Sanskrit mantras]] or pathas. It is also a part of Sanskrit or Vedic study memorization.
| [https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/tradition-of-vedic-chanting-00062 00062]
|-
! scope="row"| [[Ramlila]], the traditional performance of the Ramayana
| [[File:Ramlila Dasratha.jpg|150px]]
| 2008
| Festival
| Whole India (mainly [[North India]])
| It is a re-enactment of God [[Rama]]'s life according to [[Ramayana]].
| [https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/ramlila-the-traditional-performance-of-the-ramayana-00110 00110]
|-
! scope="row"| [[Ramman (festival)|Ramman]], religious festival and ritual theatre of the [[Garhwal Himalayas]], India
| [[File:Baniya Baniyan Dance at Ramman.jpg|150px]]
| 2009
| Festival
| Salur Dungra, [[Uttarakhand]]
| It is a festival of the [[Garhwali people]] of Salur Dungra village of [[Chamoli district]]. Not performed anywhere in the Himalayas.
| [https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/ramman-religious-festival-and-ritual-theatre-of-the-garhwal-himalayas-india-00281 00281]
|-
! scope="row"| [[Chhau dance]]
| [[File:Purulia style Chhau Durga in Mahisasura Mardini form IMG 1044.jpg|150px]]
| 2010
| Performing arts
| [[West Bengal]], [[Jharkhand]] and [[Odisha]]
| ''Purulia Chhau'', ''Saraikela Chhau'' and ''Mayurbhanj Chhau'' are various styles of the dance.
|[https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/chhau-dance-00337 00337]
|-
! scope="row"| [[Kalbelia]] folk songs and dances of Rajasthan
| [[File:Traditional Kalbeliya in Cold Desert Night.jpg|150px]]
| 2010
| Performing arts
| [[Rajasthan]]
| Kalbeliya is a snake charming tribe. They perform dance on traditional music.
| [https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/kalbelia-folk-songs-and-dances-of-rajasthan-00340 00340]
|-
! scope="row"| [[Mudiyett]]u, ritual theatre and dance drama of Kerala
| [[File:Mudiyettu at Kezhoor kavu 02-02-2013 2-04-33.JPG|150px]]
| 2010
| Performing arts
| [[Kerala]]
| It is a dance drama that enacts stories and tales of a battle between [[Kali]] and [[Darika]].
| [https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/mudiyettu-ritual-theatre-and-dance-drama-of-kerala-00345 00345]
|-
! scope="row"| [[Buddhist chant]]ing of Ladakh: recitation of sacred Buddhist texts in the trans-Himalayan Ladakh region, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| [[File:Diskit-gompa-4.jpg|150px]]
| 2012
| Oral literature
| [[Ladakh]]
| It refers to the recitation of sacred Buddhist texts mainly performed by various sects such as [[Kagyu]]d, [[Nyingma|Nyngma]], [[Gelug|Geluk]], and [[Shakya]].
| [https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/buddhist-chanting-of-ladakh-recitation-of-sacred-buddhist-texts-in-the-trans-himalayan-ladakh-region-jammu-and-kashmir-india-00839 00839]
|-
! scope="row"| [[Meitei Sankirtana|Sankirtana]], ritual singing, drumming and dancing of Manipur
| [[File:Pung Cholom Manipur.jpg|150px]]
| 2013
| Oral literature and performance
| [[Manipur]]
| It refers to narration of Vaishnava God Krishna's story through singing, drumming and dancing.
| [https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/sankirtana-ritual-singing-drumming-and-dancing-of-manipur-00843 00843]
|-
! scope="row"| Traditional brass and copper craft of utensil making among the Thatheras of Jandiala Guru, Punjab, India
|[[File:Thathera (brass craftman) utencils' making equipments and workshop.jpg|150px]]
| 2014
| Handicrafts
| [[Jandiala Guru]], [[Punjab]]
| Thateras are artisan cast of Punjab who makes brass and copper craft utensils.
| [https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/traditional-brass-and-copper-craft-of-utensil-making-among-the-thatheras-of-jandiala-guru-punjab-india-00845 00845]
|-
! scope="row" style="background:#D0E7FF;"| [[Nowruz|Navroz]] +{{efn|Shared with Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Turkey.}}
| [[File:Navrouz2015New delhi.JPG|150px]]
| 2016
| Festival
| Whole India
| Navroz in India is mainly celebrated by [[Parsis|Parsi community]].
| [https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/nawrouz-novruz-nowrouz-nowrouz-nawrouz-nauryz-nooruz-nowruz-navruz-nevruz-nowruz-navruz-02097 02097]
|-
! scope="row"| [[Yoga]]
| [[File:The Yoga Guru, Baba Ramdev and the Union Minister for Urban Development, Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation and Parliamentary Affairs, Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu at a yoga camp ahead of the International Day of Yoga - 2016 (1).jpg|150px]]
| 2016
| Performance
| Whole India
| Yoga is physical and spiritual practice originated in Ancient India. Every year 21 June is celebrated as [[International Yoga Day]].
| [https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/yoga-01163 01163]
|-
! scope="row"| [[Kumbh Mela]]
| [[File:Indian kumbh Festival.jpg|150px]]
| 2017
| Festival
| Cities of [[Haridwar]], [[Prayagraj]], [[Nashik]]-[[Trimbak]] and [[Ujjain]]
| Kumbh Mela is held every 12 year on rotation.
| [https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/kumbh-mela-01258 01258]
|-
! scope="row"| [[Durga Puja in Kolkata]]
| [[File:Smearing vermillion on Durga Puja Festival.jpg|150px]]
| 2021
| Festival
| [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]]
| It is a festival of worshipping of [[Goddess Durga]].
| [https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/durga-puja-in-kolkata-00703 00703]
|-
! scope="row"| [[Garba (dance)|Garba]] of Gujarat
| [[File:Garba (dance).jpg|150px]]
| 2023
| Festival
| [[Gujarat]]
| It is a form of dance and performed on festivals and occasions.
| [https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/garba-of-gujarat-01962 01962]
|-
! scope="row"| [[Diwali|Deepavali]]
| [[File:Woman lighting the candles for the Festival of Lights in India (cropped).jpg|150px]]
| 2025
| Festival
| Whole of India
| It is the festival of lights symbolising victory of light over darkness.
| [https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/deepavali-02312 02312]
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of World Heritage Sites in India]]
* [[List of inscriptions in UNESCO Memory of the World Register from India]]
* [[UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

== References ==

{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://ich.unesco.org/en/home UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage]: Official site
* [https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/india-IN UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage in India]: Official site

{{World topic|title=Lists of UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage elements|prefix=List of Intangible Cultural Heritage elements in|noredlinks=yes}}

[[Category:Culture of India]]
[[Category:Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity| India]]
[[Category:Lists of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity|India]]

Bimal Mitra

2026-01-18T08:04:19Z

Shailendra: Page updated with relevant improvements

{{Short description|Bengali writer (1912–1991)}}
{{for|the cricketer|Bimal Mitra (cricketer)}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Bimal Mitra
| image = Bimal_Mitra_author.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| caption =
| birth_date = 18 March 1912
| birth_place = Fatehpur, [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal Province]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1991|12|2|1912|3|18|df=y}}
|death_place = [[Chetla]], [[Calcutta]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| nationality = [[India]]n
| occupation = writer
| genre = Novelist, Stories
| notableworks = ''[[Saheb Bibi Golam]]'', ''Kori Diye Kinlaam''
| awards = [[Rabindra Puraskar]]
| website =
}}

'''Bimal Mitra''' (18 March 1912 – 2 December 1991) was an Indian writer in Bengali. Bimal Mitra was equally adept in writing in Bengali as well as in Hindi, and wrote more than one hundred novels and short stories. Many of Bimal Mitra's novels have been made into successful films. One of his most popular works, ''[[Sahib Bibi Aur Ghulam book|Shaheb Bibi Golam]]'' (January 1953) which was adapted into a hugely popular movie. He also earned a [[Filmfare]] nomination for Best Story for the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://deep750.googlepages.com/FilmfareAwards.pdf|format=PDF|title=Filmfare Awards Nominees and Winners|website=Deep750.googlepages.com|access-date=7 March 2022|archive-date=12 June 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612065210/http://deep750.googlepages.com/FilmfareAwards.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Set in the last years of the nineteenth century, the novel tells the story of the sumptuous lifestyle and the decay of a feudal family. It is the story of Pateshwari, aka Chhoto Bou, a woman who wants to experience romance, to be a real wife, to invent for herself and live a new kind of conjugality. The book also tells the story of Calcutta, now Kolkata, and of all the people who lived there.

''Asami Hazir'' is another popular work of Bimal Mitra. The novel is based on the true story of a man who wants to repent for the sins of his father and grandfather. The novel was adapted into a TV series for Doordarshan - ''[[Mujrim Hazir]]''.{{fact|date=June 2023}}

He had served in railways in [[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]] for long years. He was working in the Chakradharpur Division in the 1940s in the Control Organisation. One of his novelettes ''Char Chokher Khela'' is based on the lives of the Anglo-Indian population of Chakradharpur railway colony.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ckpser.gov.in |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-07-22 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090625192408/http://www.ckpser.gov.in/ |archivedate=2009-06-25 }}</ref>

He resigned from Indian Railway Services in 1950 at the age of 38 to become a full-time writer.{{citation needed|date=December 2011}}

Mitra died on 2 December 1991, at his residence named "Baansh Bhavan" in Chetla, South Calcutta.<ref>{{Google books |id=YRJZAAAAMAAJ |page= |title=Indian Author }}</ref>

==Literary works==
* ''Saheb Bibi Golam'' (King, Queen and Slave)
* ''Kori Diye Kinlaam'' (Bought With Money)
* ''Begum Mary Bishwas'' (A Historical Novel of the Period of Nawab Siraujdalla / British Lord Clive)
* ''Ekak Dasak Shatak'' (Uni Deci Centi)
* ''Asami Hazir'' (At Your Service)
* ''Pati Param guru''
* ''Rajabadal''
* ''Sab Jhut hai''
* ''Ei Norodeho'' (This Human body)
* ''Mrityuheen'' (Deathless)
* ''Tomra dujone mile''
* ''Gulmohor''
* ''Ja debi''
Short stories
*"Neelnesha"
*"Bonshodhor"
*"Lojjahoro"
*"Jenana Sambad"
*"Putul Didi"
*"Amrutyu"
*"Milonanto"
*"Dori"
*"Rekjon Mohapurush"
*"RaniSaheba"
*"Gharonti"
*"Satashe Srabon"
*"Ashukaka"
*"Nimaontrito Indranath"
*"Amir o Urboshi"

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.kalpana.it/eng/writer/indian_writers/bimal_mitra.htm A profile webpage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200104064220/http://www.kalpana.it/eng/writer/indian_writers/bimal_mitra.htm |date=4 January 2020 }}
* {{IMDb name|0593946}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mitra, Bimal}}
[[Category:Bengali writers]]
[[Category:Bengali-language writers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Rabindra Puraskar]]
[[Category:1912 births]]
[[Category:1991 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]
[[Category:Indian male short story writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:People from Nadia district]]
[[Category:Novelists from West Bengal]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Kolkata]]

All India Radio

2026-01-15T03:55:07Z

Shailendra: small edit

{{Short description|National public radio broadcaster of India}}
{{hatnote group|
{{for|the electronic band|All India Radio (band)}}
{{redirect|Akashavani|the 2021 film|Aakashavaani}} }}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2013}}
{{Infobox radio network
| name = Akashvani
| logo = Akhashvani logo.png
| image =
| image_size = 260px
| caption =
| type = [[Government organisation]]
| branding =
| airdate = {{start date|1936|6|8}}
| country = [[India]]
| area = Nationwide
| available = National International
| founded =
| founder = [[Government of India]]
| slogan =
| motto = ''Bahujanahitāya Bahujanasukhāya''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://allindiaradio.gov.in/Profile/Mission|title=Mission of AIR|website=allindiaradio.gov.in|access-date=4 September 2021|archive-date=24 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224193129/http://allindiaradio.gov.in/Profile/Mission%20|url-status=live}}</ref> ''For the benefit of many people and the happiness of many people''
| owner = [[Prasar Bharati]]
| parent = [[Government of India]]
| key_people = Rajeev Kumar Jain, Director General
| launch_date = {{start date and age|1936|6|8|df=yes}}
| dissolved =
| former_names =
| callsigns =
| callsign_meaning =
| former_callsigns =
| affiliation =
| affiliates =
| groups =
| former_affiliations =
| headquarters = Akashvani Bhavan [[Sansad Marg]], [[New Delhi]]
| webcast = [https://akashvani.gov.in/radio/live.php Akashvani Live Radio]
| website = [http://allindiaradio.gov.in All India Radio], [http://www.newsonair.gov.in/ News on AIR]
| footnotes =
}}
'''All India Radio''' ('''AIR'''), also known as '''Akashvani''' ({{lit|1=Voice from the sky|2=Oracle|translit=Ākāśavāṇī}}), is India's [[state-owned]] [[public broadcasting|public]] [[radio broadcaster]]. Founded in 1936,<ref name=Milestones>{{cite web |url=http://allindiaradio.gov.in/Profile/Milestones |title=Milestones of AIR (official website) |publisher=All India Radio |access-date=13 January 2013 |archive-date=24 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224193127/http://allindiaradio.gov.in/Profile/Milestones%20 |url-status=live }}</ref> it operates under the [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]] and is one of the two divisions of [[Prasar Bharati]].<ref>[https://prasarbharati.gov.in/homepage-air/ Home page: All India Radio] ''prasarbharati.gov.in''. Retrieved 4 September 2021</ref> Headquartered at the ''Akashvani Bhavan'' in New Delhi, it houses the Drama Section, FM Section, and National Service. It also serves as the home of the Indian television station Doordarshan Kendra.

All India Radio is one the largest radio network in the world in terms of the number of languages broadcast, the socioeconomic diversity it serves, and the scale of its broadcasting organisation. AIR's domestic service includes 420 stations nationwide, covering nearly 92% of India's geographic area and 99.19% of its population, with programming available in 23 languages and 179 dialects.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AIR Home |url=http://prasarbharati.gov.in/AIR/index.php |access-date=2020-02-28 |website=prasarbharati.gov.in |archive-date=17 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617235712/http://prasarbharati.gov.in/AIR/index.php |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Stamp of India - 1961 - Colnect 141804 - Silver Jubilee All India Radio - Radio Masts and Emblem.jpeg|thumb|A stamp commemorating Akashvani's silver jubilee]]

==History==

=== Akashvani ===
When the Indian State Broadcasting Service (ISBS) was renamed to All India Radio, [[Rabindranath Tagore]] rechristened it Akashvani, ''the voice that comes over from the skies'', in a poem penned for the inauguration of [[Kolkata]]'s shortwave service.<ref>{{cite news |title=Riding the waves, a shared history |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/riding-the-waves-a-shared-history/ |newspaper=[[Indian Express]] |archive-date=1 October 2021 |access-date=1 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001133136/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/riding-the-waves-a-shared-history/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Chandrika Kaul |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9781137445964_4 |title='Invisible Empire Tie': Broadcasting and the British Raj in the Interwar Years |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-137-44596-4 |pages=123–171 |doi=10.1057/9781137445964_4 |archive-date=12 February 2023 |access-date=1 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212053056/https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9781137445964_4 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The term Akashvani was also used in the context of radio by M. V. Gopalaswami in 1936 when he established India's first private radio station at his residence, "Vittal Vihar," located about 200 yards from the current All India Radio station in [[Mysore]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Mysore Akashavani is now 75 years old |url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/mysore-akashavani-is-now-75-years-old/408172/ |newspaper=[[Business Standard]] |archive-date=13 October 2012 |access-date=25 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013185300/http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/mysore-akashavani-is-now-75-years-old/408172/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1956, ''Akashvani'' was adopted as All India Radio's on-air name. With its literal meaning in [[Sanskrit]] as "voice from the sky," the name was considered highly fitting for a broadcaster. The suggestion to use ''Akashvani'' was given to Gopalaswami by the Telugu/Kannada scholar [[Rallapalli Ananta Krishna Sharma]], who was working as a Telugu pandit in Mysore Maharaja College and later went onto tune [[Annamacharya]]'s kritis as well.

=== During the British Raj ===
Broadcasting commenced in June 1923 during the [[British Raj]] with programmes by the [[Bombay Presidency Radio Club]] and other radio clubs. According to an agreement on 23 July 1927, the private Indian Broadcasting Company Ltd (IBC) was authorised to operate two radio stations: the [[Mumbai]] station, which began on 23 July 1927, and the [[Kolkata]] station, which followed suit on 26 August 1927. The organisation went into liquidation on 1 March 1930. The government took over broadcasting facilities and launched the Indian State Broadcasting Service (ISBS) on 1 April 1930, initially on an experimental basis for two years. It became a permanent service in May 1932 and was later renamed All India Radio on 8 June 1936.<ref name="Milestones" /> The building was contracted by [[Sobha Singh (builder)|Sir Sobha Singh]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LlnrAAAAMAAJ&q=%22all+india+radio%22+%22sir+sobha+singh%22 |title=Roopa-lekhā |date=1968 |publisher=All-India Fine Arts and Crafts Society |language=en |archive-date=11 December 2024 |access-date=28 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211025633/https://books.google.com/books?id=LlnrAAAAMAAJ&q=%22all+india+radio%22+%22sir+sobha+singh%22 |url-status=live }}</ref>[[File:Akashvani Bhavan in New Delhi.jpg|right|thumb|AIR headquarters in [[New Delhi]]|alt=Distant photo of building complex with tower]][[File:Akashvani Bhawan, Parliament Street.jpg|thumb|Old Akashvani Bhawan at [[Sansad Marg]]]]
On 1 October 1939, the External Service began with a broadcast in [[Pashto]]. It was intended to counter radio [[propaganda]] from Germany directed at [[Afghanistan]], [[Iran]], and Arab nations. The [[Dhaka]] station in Eastern India, in what is now [[Bangladesh]], opened in 1939. This station catered to and nurtured the pioneers of Bengali intellectuals. The foremost among them, [[Nurul Momen|Natyaguru Nurul Momen]], became the trailblazer of the talk show in 1939. He wrote and directed the first modern radio play, "Rupantar (The Transformation)" for this station in 1942.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}} This play was later published in 1943 Pooja Edition (Sharadia Issue) of [[Anandabazar Patrika]].

In December 1940, the Standing Finance Committee sanctioned a sum of [[Indian rupee|Rupees]] 9,30,000 for the establishment of a new headquarters of the All India Radio in Delhi.<ref>{{cite news |title=New Broadcasting House in Delhi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M80-AAAAIBAJ&dq=%E2%80%9CAll+India+radio%E2%80%9D+headquarters&pg=PA6 |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=The Indian Express |date=18 December 1940}}</ref> The new “Broadcasting House” of AIR at [[Sansad Marg|Parliament Street]] in New Delhi was inaugurated in February 1943.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Baruah |first1=UL |title=This is All India Radio |date=2017 |publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting |location=New Delhi |isbn=9788123025780 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ALA8DwAAQBAJ&dq=%E2%80%9CAll+India+Radio%E2%80%9D%2C+headquarters&pg=PT16 |access-date=2 May 2024}}</ref> In 1956, All India Radio (AIR) was officially renamed ''Akashvani'', and its headquarters were renamed ''Akashvani Bhawan''.<ref>{{cite web |title=1956 : AIR becomes Akashvani |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/india-at-75-epochal-moments-1956-voice-from-the-sky-air-becomes-akashvani/article65721527.ece |website=Frontline |date=11 August 2022 |publisher=The Hindu Group |access-date=2 May 2024 |archive-date=2 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502063229/https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/india-at-75-epochal-moments-1956-voice-from-the-sky-air-becomes-akashvani/article65721527.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== After Independence ===
When India became independent in 1947, the All India Radio network consisted of only six stations: [[Delhi]], [[Mumbai|Bombay]], [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], [[Chennai|Madras]], [[Lucknow]], and [[Tiruchirappalli]]. The three radio stations in [[Lahore]], [[Peshawar]], and [[Dhaka]] remained in what eventually became Pakistan after the partition. At that time, there were approximately 250,000 radio sets in India.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Varshney |first=Akanksha |date=2015-08-25 |title=Journey Of Radio In India |url=https://www.vskills.in/certification/blog/journey-of-radio-in-india/ |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=Vskills Blog |language=en-US |archive-date=25 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925172025/https://www.vskills.in/certification/blog/journey-of-radio-in-india/ |url-status=live }}{{better source needed|date=September 2024}}</ref>

In August 1947, All India Radio hired its first female newsreader, [[Saeeda Bano]], who read the news in [[Urdu]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Najib |first=Rihan |title=To end the news, the headlines again: The life and times of Saeeda Bano |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/blink/read/to-end-the-news-the-headlines-again-the-life-and-times-of-saeeda-bano/article33160779.ece |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=@businessline |date=23 November 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

On 3 October 1957, the [[Vividh Bharati]] service was launched by All India Radio to compete with [[Radio Ceylon]]. The total capital invested by the All India Radio so far on the experimental Television service inaugurated on 5 September 1959 is about Rs. 2.14 lakhs, eight commercial licenses and four domestic licenses for television receiver sets have so far been issued by the Posts and Telegraphs Department.<ref>https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/1783/1/lsd_02_09_19-11-1959.pdf page 27</ref> Television broadcasting commenced in Delhi in 1959 under the aegis of AIR, but was split off from the radio network as ''[[Doordarshan]]'' on 1 April 1976.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://allindiaradio.org/Misc/AIR-Manual1/Chapter1.pdf |title=Chapter 1: History of All India Radio |journal=AIR Manual |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100917064450/http://allindiaradio.org/Misc/AIR-Manual1/Chapter1.pdf |archive-date=17 September 2010 }}</ref> FM broadcasting began on 23 July 1977 in [[Chennai]], and expanded during the 1990s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://allindiaradio.org/milestone.html |title=Milestones of AIR |publisher=All India Radio |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612212622/http://allindiaradio.org/milestone.html |archive-date=12 June 2010 }}</ref>

[[Deccan Radio (Nizam Radio 1932)]], the first radio station in the princely [[Hyderabad State]] (now [[Hyderabad]]), went live on 3 February 1935. It was launched by [[Mir Osman Ali Khan]], the seventh [[Nizam]] of Hyderabad, boasting of a transmitting power of 200 [[Watt]]s. On 1 April 1950, after [[Annexation of Hyderabad|Operation Polo]], Deccan Radio was taken over by the Indian Government, and in 1956, it was merged with All India Radio. Thereafter, it has been known as AIR-Hyderabad (100 kW).<ref name="Wavescan2">{{cite web|title=The Long and Interesting Story of All India Radio, Hyderabad–Part 2|url=http://yimber-gaviria.blogspot.com/2010/08/wavescan-nws78-dx-program.html|work=Wavescan-NWS78|date=15 August 2010|access-date=21 September 2018|archive-date=21 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921153048/http://yimber-gaviria.blogspot.com/2010/08/wavescan-nws78-dx-program.html|url-status=live}}</ref>[[File:Radio Television License India - 1976.pdf|thumb|Radio Television license]]

=={{anchor|Broadcasting services}}Domestic services==
AIR offers a variety of services in multiple languages, each catering to different regions across India.

===Vividh Bharati===
[[Vividh Bharati]], launched in 1957, is one of the most well-known services of All India Radio. Its name roughly translates to "Diverse Indian" and is also referred to as the Commercial Broadcasting Service (CBS). Commercially, it is the most accessible AIR network, particularly popular in [[Mumbai]] and other large cities. Vividh Bharati offers a wide range of programs, including news, film music, short plays, music, and comedy. It operates on various [[Medium wave|mediumwave]] and [[FM broadcasting|FM]] frequencies in each city.

Some programmes broadcast on Vividh Bharati are:
* ''[[Hawa Mahal (radio program)|Hawa-mahal]]'': [[Radio drama]] based on novels and plays
* ''Santogen ki mehfil'': Comedy
* ''Aaj ke fankar'': Description of life and works of a film artist
* ''Chhayageet'': Songs of announcer's choice with impeccable scripting

===Central Sales Unit===
The Central Sales Unit (CSU), located in Mumbai, handles the commercial affairs of AIR.<ref>{{Cite web|title= Get Apps | Prasar Bharati|url= http://prasarbharati.gov.in/AIRCSUContact.php|access-date= 31 December 2020|archive-date= 3 December 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201203231104/http://prasarbharati.gov.in/AIRCSUContact.php|url-status= live}}</ref>

===Other services===
* Primary Channel<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allindiaradio.gov.in/Services/Pages/Primary%20Channel%20Services.aspx|title=Primary Channel Services|website=allindiaradio.gov.in|access-date=2018-07-30|archive-date=13 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313143425/http://allindiaradio.gov.in/Services/Pages/Primary%20Channel%20Services.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref>
* National Channel<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://allindiaradio.gov.in/Services/National+Channel
|title=National Channel
|archive-date=1 October 2011
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001081859/http://www.allindiaradio.org/national.html
|url-status=dead
|access-date=2 May 2014
}}
</ref>

==={{anchor|Home Service}}Regional services===
The headquarters of the Regional Deputy Directors General are located in Delhi and Chandigarh (NR), Lucknow and Bhopal (CR), Guwahati (NER), Kolkata (ER), Mumbai and Ahmedabad (WR), and Chennai and Bangalore (SR).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://india.gov.in/knowindia/radio.php |title=All India Radio |access-date=15 October 2011 |publisher=Know India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903183957/http://india.gov.in/knowindia/radio.php |archive-date=3 September 2011 }}</ref> All frequencies are in kHz, unless otherwise specified. Most of the channels are also available online.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Northern regional service
! style="width:20%;"|City !! style="width:10%;"|Frequency !! style="width:20%;"|City !! style="width:10%;"|Frequency!! style="width:20%;"|City !! style="width:10%;"|Frequency
|-
| Agra || 1530 || Ajmer || 603 || Allahabad || 1026
|-
| Almora || 999 || Barmer || 1458 || Bikaner || 1395
|-
| Chairhara (Budgam)|| 1485 || Delhi A|| 819 || Delhi B || 666
|-
| Delhi C (''[[Vividh Bharti]]'')|| 1368 || Delhi D (''Yuv-vani'') || 1017 || Delhi (National Channel) || 1215
|-
| Diskit || 1602 || Faizabad || 1485 || Gorakhpur || 909

|-
| Jaipur A || 1476 || Jalandhar A ||873 || Jalandhar B || 702
|-
| Jammu A || 990 || Jodhpur A || 531 || Kalpa (Kinnaur) || 1584
|-
| Kargil A || 684 || Kargil B || 1584 || Khalsi || 1485
|-
| Kota || 1413 || Kupwara || 1350 || Leh || 1053
|-
| Lucknow A || 747 || Lucknow C || 1278 ||Mathura || 1584
|-
| Najibabad || 954 || Naushera || 1089 || Nyoma || 1485
|-
| Padam || 1584 || Pauri || 1602 || Pithoragarh || 1602
|-
| Rampur || 891 || Rohtak || FM 103.5 MHz ||Shimla || 774
|-
| Budgam|| 1116 || Budgam A|| 1224 || Srinagar C|| 918
|-
| Tiesuru || 1602 || Udaipur || 1125 || Uttarkashi || 1602
|-
| Varanasi A || 1242 || Sawai Madhopur || FM 101.5 MHz || Raebareli ||FM 102.8 MHz
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Northeast regional service
! style="width:40%;"|City !! style="width:10%;"|Frequency !! style="width:40%;"|City !! style="width:10%;"|Frequency
|-
| Agartala || 1269 || Guwahati A || 729
|-
| Shillong || 864 kHz (100 kW; Primary Channel; 1966–present), 4970 kHz (50 kW; NE Service; 1990-2019; decommissioned<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nair |first=Sobhana K. |date=2019-06-06 |title=AIR may have to power off short wave transmissions |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/air-may-have-to-power-off-short-wave-transmissions/article27584333.ece |access-date=2025-10-05 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dutta |first=Amrita Nayak |date=2019-06-07 |title=Prasar Bharati wants to switch off AIR short-wave service, India's voice around the world |url=https://theprint.in/india/prasar-bharati-wants-to-switch-off-air-short-wave-service-indias-voice-around-the-world/246696/ |access-date=2025-10-05 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Alokesh |date=2019-09-04 |title=R A D I O A C T I V I T Y: All India Radio Kurseong,Port Blair,Mumbai & Shillong shortwave transmitters decommissioned |url=https://alokeshgupta.blogspot.com/2019/09/all-india-radio-kurseong-port-blair.html |access-date=2025-10-05 |website=R A D I O A C T I V I T Y}}</ref>), 7315 kHz (50 kW; NE Service; 2000s/2010s-2019; decommissioned), FM 100.1 MHz (100W; NE Service; 2012–present), FM 103.6 MHz (10 kW; Primary Channel: 2023-2025; FM Jong Phi*: 2010-2023,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-07 |title=OFF AIR: Popular FM Jongphi station axed after 13 years {{!}} Highland Post |url=https://highlandpost.com/off-air-popular-fm-jongphi-station-axed-after-13-years/ |access-date=2025-10-05 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/reel/cvnhdbttyvk/ |access-date=2025-10-05 |website=www.instagram.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/cvpzbfxruqn/ |access-date=2025-10-05 |website=www.instagram.com}}</ref> 2025–present<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-17 |title=Mapping forward on Geospatial intelligence? - The Shillong Times |url=https://theshillongtimes.com/2025/05/17/mapping-forward-on-geospatial-intelligence/ |access-date=2025-10-05 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=AIR |url=https://qsl.net/vu2jos/air/loc.htm |access-date=2025-10-05 |website=qsl.net}}</ref>) || Imphal || 882
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki>Prior to Saturday, the 2nd of October, 2010, it is formerly known as Akashvani FM Rainbow Shillong, which relays to Akashvani FM Rainbow Delhi. Since that date, it became a full fledged radio station and it broadcasts its own programmes.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Eastern regional service
! style="width:40%;"|City !! style="width:10%;"|Frequency !! style="width:40%;"|City !! style="width:10%;"|Frequency
|-
| Bhagalpur || 1458, 1206 || Chinsurah ((Akashvani Maitree), 1 MegaWatt Transmitter Capacity) || 594 & 1134
|-
| Cuttack A || 972 || Darbhanga || 1296
|-
| Jamshedpur || 1584 || Gitanjali (Kolkata A)(200 KW Transmitter Capacity) || 657
|-
| Sanchayita (Kolkata B)(100 KW Transmitter Capacity) || 1008 || Kolkata C (''Vividh Bharati'') || 1323 kHz Medium Wave as well as 101.8 MHZ FM
|-
| Patna A || 621 || Ranchi A || 549
|-
| Muzaffarpur A|| FM 100.1 MHz || Muzaffarpur B || FM 106.4 MHz
|-
| Kolkata (FM Rainbow) (20 KW Transmitter Capacity)|| FM 107.0 MHz || Kolkata (FM Gold)(20 KW Transmitter Capacity)|| FM 100.2 MHz
|-
|Kurseong
|1440 kHz as well as FM 102.3 MHZ (5 KW Transmitter Capacity)
|Siliguri
|711 kHz (200 KW DRM Transmitter Capacity)
|-
|Santiniketan (Bolpur)
|FM 103.1 MHz (3 KW Transmitter Capacity)
|Murshidabad (6 KW Transmitter Capacity)
|FM 102.2 MHz
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Western regional service
! style="width:40%;"|City !! style="width:10%;"|Frequency !! style="width:40%;"|City !! style="width:10%;"|Frequency
|-
| Ahmedabad A || 846 || Aurangabad || 1521
|-
| Bhopal A || 1593 || Chhindwara || FM 102.2 MHz
|-
| Chhatarpur || 675 || Gwalior || 1386
|-
| Indore A || 648 || Jabalpur A || 801
|-
| Mumbai A || 1044 || Mumbai B (''Asmita Marathi'') || 558
|-
| Mumbai C (''[[Vividh Bharati]]'') || 1188 || Nagpur A || 585
|-
| Nagpur B (National Channel, 1 MW) || 1566 || Panaji A || 1287
|-
| Panaji B (''Vividh Bharati'') || 828 || Pune A || 792
|-
| Rajkot A || 810 || Ratnagiri || 1143
|-
| Solapur || 1602 || Sangli || 1251
|-
| Parbhani A || FM 102.0 MHz
|Jabalpur Vividh Bharati
|102.9
|-
| Mysore || FM 100.6 MHz
|Jalgaon
|963
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Southern regional service
! style="width:40%;"|City !! style="width:10%;"|Frequency !! style="width:40%;"|City !! style="width:10%;"|Frequency
|-
| Bangalore || 612 kHz || Bengaluru (Vividha Bharati) || 102.9 MHz
|-
| Bangalore (Rainbow FM) || 101.3 MHz || Bhadravati || 675 kHz
|-
| Dharwad || 765 kHz || Dharwad FM ||103.0 MHz
|-
| Hassan || 1107 kHZ || Kalburagi || 1107 kHz
|-
| Mangaluru || 1089 kHz || Mangalore FM || 100.3 MHz
|-
| Madikeri FM || 103.1 MHz || Sringeri FM ||101 MHz
|-
|Hyderabad || 738 kHz || Hyderabad (FM Rainbow) || 101.9 MHz
|-
|Hyderabad (Vivida Bharati) || 102.8 MHz || Warangal || 103.5 MHz
|-
|Vijayawada || 103.4 MHz
|}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://prasarbharati.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/AR-Prasar-Bharati-english-2018-19-english.pdf|title=Annual Report 2018-2019, page 193|access-date=21 March 2021|archive-date=6 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210706063404/https://prasarbharati.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/AR-Prasar-Bharati-english-2018-19-english.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

==External services==
{{More citations needed|date=August 2024}}
The external services of All India Radio are broadcast in 27 languages to countries outside India via high-power shortwave radio transmissions.<ref name="t766">{{cite web | title=Wayback Machine | website=www.eoiukraine.gov.in | url=https://www.eoiukraine.gov.in/pdf/AIR.pdf | access-date=6 September 2025}}</ref> Mediumwave is also used to reach neighboring countries. In addition to language-specific broadcasts targeted at particular countries, there is a General Overseas Service that broadcasts in English, offering 8¼ hours of programming daily aimed at a general international audience.

The external broadcasts began on 1 October 1939, initiated by the British government to counter Nazi propaganda directed at the Afghan people. Initially, the broadcasts were in [[Pashto]], targeting Afghanistan and the [[North-West Frontier Province]]. Over time, broadcasts expanded to include languages such as [[Dari]], [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Arabic]], English, Burmese, Japanese, Chinese, Malay, and French. Currently, the external services broadcast in 16 foreign languages and 11 Indian languages, with a total program output of 70¼ hours per day on medium and shortwave frequencies.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ External service transmitter sites
! Location!! Number of transmitters !! kW !! Frequency !! DRM !
|-
| Aligarh (HPT)|| 4 || 250 || ||
|-
| Bengaluru (SPT)|| 6 || 500|| || 100 kW
|-
| Chennai (Madras) || 1 || 100 ||720 kHz || MW
|-
| Gorakhpur || 1 || 50 || ||
|-
| Guwahati || 1 || 50 || ||
|-
| Jalandhar (Goraya)|| 1 || 300 || 702 kHz || MW
|-
| Khampur-Delhi (HPT) || 7 || 250 || ||
|-
| Khampur-Delhi (SPT) || 2 || 500 || ||
|-
| Kingsway-Delhi || 3 || 50 || ||
|-
| Kingsway-Delhi || 2 || 100 || ||
|-
| Kolkata-Chinsurah/Mogra (SPT) || 1 || 1000 || 1134 kHz and 594 kHz (Kolkata – A) || 1142 kHz MW
|-
| Mumbai (Malad) || 1 || 100 || ||
|-
| Nagpur (SPT) || 1 || 1000 || 1566 kHz || MW
|-
| Panaji (HPT)|| 2 || 250 || ||
|-
| Rajkot (SPT)|| 1 || 1000|| 1071 kHz AIR URDU || 1080 kHz (2 MW) Vividha Bharti
|-
| Tuticorin || 1 || 200 || 1053 kHz || MW
|}

Two high-powered FM stations of All India Radio are being installed in Amritsar and Fazilka, Punjab, to complement the programs broadcast from transmitters in Jalandhar, New Delhi, Chandigarh, and Mumbai. These stations aim to improve broadcast services, particularly during unfavorable weather conditions, in the border regions of Punjab.

Today, the External Services Division of All India Radio broadcasts 57 transmissions daily, offering nearly 72 hours of programming that reaches over 108 countries in 27 languages. Of these, 15 are foreign languages and 12 are Indian. The foreign languages include Arabic, Baluchi, Burmese, Chinese, Dari, French, Indonesian, Persian, Pushtu, Russian, Sinhala, Swahili, Thai, Tibetan, and English (General Overseas Service). The Indian languages are Bengali, Gujarati, Marathi, Konkani, Kashmiri, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Nepali, Punjabi, Saraiki, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu.

The longest daily broadcast is the Urdu Service to Pakistan, which airs around the clock on DTH ([[Satellite television|direct-broadcast satellite]]) and on short- and medium-wave for 12¼ hours. The English-language General Overseas Service is broadcast for 8¼ hours daily. During [[Hajj]], special broadcasts in Urdu are beamed to Saudi Arabia. Additionally, AIR is planning to produce programs in the [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochi]] language.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/all-india-radio-to-revamp-baluchi-language-programme-116083101302_1.html|title=All India Radio to revamp Baluchi language programme|last=IANS|date=31 August 2016|work=Business Standard|access-date=8 May 2025|archive-date=11 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211025733/https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/all-india-radio-to-revamp-baluchi-language-programme-116083101302_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The external services of All India Radio (AIR) are also broadcast to Europe in DRM ([[Digital Radio Mondiale]]) on 9950 kHz between 17:45 and 22:30 UTC. These transmissions are delivered via high-power transmitters located in Aligarh, Bengaluru, Chennai, Delhi, Gorakhpur, Guwahati, Mumbai, and Panaji on shortwave, and from Jalandhar, Kolkata, Nagpur, Rajkot, and Tuticorin on mediumwave. All India Radio Amritsar plans to launch a booster service on the FM band. Some of these transmitters have a power output of 1000 kW (1 MW) or 500 kW. Programs are broadcast to various parts of the world, excluding the Americas, with very good reception quality in the target areas.

Each language service includes news, commentary, press reviews, talks on general or cultural topics, feature programs, documentaries, and music from India and the target region. Most of these programs originate from New Broadcasting House on Parliament Street in New Delhi, with some originating from SPT Bengaluru, Chennai, Hyderabad, Jalandhar, Kolkata, HPT Malad Mumbai, Thiruvananthapuram, and Tuticorin.

The External Services Division of All India Radio (AIR) serves as a vital link between India and the rest of the world, particularly in countries with significant [[Indian diaspora]]. It broadcasts India's perspective on national and international matters and showcases the Indian way of life through its programs. [[QSL card]]s, which are highly sought after by international radio hobbyists, are issued by AIR in New Delhi in response to [[reception report]]s of their broadcasts.

==Direct-To-Home==
Direct-to-home (DTH) service is a satellite broadcast service where a large number of radio channels are digitally transmitted over a territory from a high-power satellite. All India Radio broadcasts various national and regional stations, which can be accessed on [[DD Free Dish]]. The DTH signals can be received directly at homes using a small dish receiver unit, which includes a dish antenna installed on the rooftop or a wall facing clear south, with the receiver placed indoors.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ddindia.gov.in/Technical/Pages/DD-Free-Dish-(DTH).aspx|title=DD Free Dish (DTH)|website=ddindia.gov.in|access-date=2016-07-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719233025/http://www.ddindia.gov.in/Technical/Pages/DD-Free-Dish-(DTH).aspx|archive-date=19 July 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> DTH service is offered on twenty one channels via [[Indian National Satellite System|Insat]].

===List of DTH channels===
====National====
* [[Vividh Bharati]] – Hindi music radio
* [[AIR FM Rainbow|AIR FM Rainbow India]] – Hindi & English music radio
* [[AIR FM Gold|AIR FM Gold Delhi]] – Hindi classical music & news Radio
* AIR Live News 24×7 – Hindi & English news radio
* AIR Urdu – Urdu entertainment radio
* AIR Hindi – Hindi entertainment radio
* [[Raagam (radio channel)|Raagam]] – Indian classical music radio
* [[Gyan Vani]] – Hindi & English educational radio
* Akashvani Aradhana – Hindi devotional radio

===Regional===
* AIR Andhra – [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
* AIR Arunachal – [[Hindi]] and [[Nyishi language|Nyishi]]
* AIR Assam – [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
* AIR Bihar – Hindi and [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]
* AIR Chhattisgarh – Hindi and [[Chhattisgarhi language|Chhattisgarhi]]
* AIR Goa – [[Konkani language|Konkani]] and [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]
* AIR Gujarat – [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
* AIR Haryana – Hindi and [[Haryanvi language|Haryanvi]]
* AIR Himachal – [[Hindi]]
* [[Radio Kashmir Jammu|AIR Jammu]] – [[Dogri language|Dogri]]
* AIR Jharkhand – Hindi
* AIR Karnataka – [[Kannada]]
* AIR Kerala – [[Malayalam]]
* AIR Ladakh – [[Ladakhi language|Ladakhi]]
* AIR Maharashtra – [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
* AIR Manipur – [[Meitei language|Manipuri]]
* AIR Meghalaya – [[Khasi language|Khasi]], [[Garo language|Garo]] and [[English language|English]]
* AIR Mizoram – [[Mizo language|Mizo]]
* AIR MP – [[Hindi]]
* [[AIR FM Tragopan|AIR Nagaland]] – [[Nagamese Creole|Nagamese]] and English
* AIR North East – Hindi and English
* AIR Odisha – [[Odia language|Odia]]
* AIR Port Blair – Hindi
* AIR Puducherry – [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[French language|French]]
* AIR Punjab – [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
* AIR Rajasthan – Hindi and [[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]]
* AIR Sikkim – [[Nepali language|Nepali]]
* [[Radio Kashmir Jammu|AIR Srinagar]] – [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] and [[Urdu]]
* AIR Tamil Nadu – [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
* AIR Telangana – [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
* AIR Tripura – [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and [[Kokborok]]
* AIR UP – [[Hindi]]
* AIR Uttarakhand – Hindi
* AIR Varanasi – Hindi
* AIR West Bengal – [[Bengali language|Bengali]]

==Online services==
* AIR Live News
* AIR Najibabad
* [https://www.radioindialive.com/vividh-bharti-live Vividh Bharati]
* [https://www.radioindialive.com/air-fm-gold-delhi FM Gold Delhi]
* [https://www.radioindialive.com/air-fm-rainbow-delhi-live-streaming FM Rainbow Delhi]
* AIR Urdu
* [[Raagam (radio channel)|Raagam]]
* AIR Gujarati
* AIR Marathi
* AIR Punjabi
* AIR Malayalam
* AIR Tamil
* AIR Telugu
* AIR Kannada
* AIR Bangla
* AIR Jammu
* AIR Odia
* AIR Assamese
* AIR North East
* [[AIR FM Tragopan|FM Tragopan Kohima]]
* FM Rainbow Goa
* AIR Shimla
* AIR Bhuj
* AIR Indore
* AIR Mysuru
* AIR Jodhpur
* Amrutvarshini
* Vividh Bharati Bengaluru
* FM Rainbow Kannada Kaamaanbilu
* AIR Bengaluru
* Sun City FM Jodhpur
* AIR Pune
* AIR Rohtak
* FM Rainbow Lucknow
* AIR Jabalpur
* AIR Bhopal
* [[AIR FM Rainbow|FM Rainbow Mumbai]]
* [[AIR FM Gold|FM Gold Mumbai]]
* Samvadita Mumbai
* AIR Aadilabad
* AIR Jaipur
* AIR Varanasi
* AIR Raipur
* AIR Sangli
* AIR Rajkot
* AIR Nagpur
* AIR Prayagraj
* AIR Patna
* AIR Patiala
* AIR Mhadei Panaji
* AIR Gorakhpur
* AIR Hassan
* AIR Dehradun
* AIR Solapur
* AIR Kota
* AIR Madurai
* AIR Kolhapur
* AIR Suratgarh
* [https://liveradiofm.com/listen/fm-rainbow-visakhapatnam FM Rainbow Visakhapatnam]
* AIR Kurnool
* AIR Bikaner
* AIR Kochi
* AIR Calicut
* AIR Mathura
* AIR Agra
* FM Rainbow Vijayawada
* AIR Vijayawada
* AIR Kannur
* FM Ananthapuri
* AIR Lucknow
* AIR Mount Abu
* AIR Dharwad
* AIR Chandigarh
* AIR Chitradurga
* [[AIR Manjeri FM|AIR Manjeri]]
* AIR Aurangabad
* AIR Surat
* AIR Tirupati
* AIR Kodaikanal
* AIR Alwar

== {{anchor|Other services and units}}Other services ==

=== Digital Radio Mondiale ===
Details of the Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) transmissions and frequencies are as follows:

* 01:30–02:30 UTC on 11715 kHz Nepali (Nepal)
* 03:15–04:15 UTC on 15185 kHz Hindi (East Africa, Mauritius)
* 04:15–04:30 UTC on 15185 kHz Gujarati (East Africa, Mauritius)
* 04:30–05:30 UTC on 15185 kHz Hindi (East Africa, Mauritius)
* 13:00–15:00 UTC on 15050 kHz Sinhala (Sri Lanka)
* 16:15–17:15 UTC on 15140 kHz Russian (Eastern Europe)
* 22:45–00:45 UTC on 11645 GOS-I English (Northeast Asia)
* 09:00–11:00 UTC on 6100 kHz Vividh Bharati, DRM NVIS
* 17:45–20:05 UTC on 9950 kHz English (Western Europe)
* 19:45–20:45 UTC on 9950 kHz Hindi (Western Europe)
* 20:45–02:30 UTC on 9950 kHz English (Western Europe)

===News-on-phone===
All India Radio launched its news-on-phone service on 25 February 1998, in New Delhi. The service is now available in Chennai, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Indore, Patna, and Bangalore. It can be accessed through [[Subscriber trunk dialling|subscriber trunk dialing]] (STD), [[international direct dialing]] (ISD), and local calls. Plans are in place to expand the service to 11 additional cities, including Ahmedabad, Bhopal, Guwahati, Gwalior, Jabalpur, Jaipur, Kolkata, Lucknow, Ranchi, and Shimla. The service allows users to listen to live hourly news bulletins in English and Hindi.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newsonair.com/ |title=Prasar Bharati |access-date=17 October 2011 |archive-date=21 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120621204711/http://www.newsonair.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> News in [[MP3]] format can be directly played from the site, with filenames time-stamped for easy reference. All India Radio's news bulletins are available in nine regional languages: Tamil, Kannada, Gujarati, Bengali, Marathi, North East languages, Punjabi, Telugu, and Urdu.

==={{anchor|Documentaries and features}}Documentaries===
All India Radio (AIR) has a long tradition of broadcasting documentary features, which have garnered significant interest, particularly in countries like India, Iran, South Korea, and Malaysia. The most prominent broadcaster of English features was [[Melville de Mellow]], while Shiv Sagar Mishra was renowned for his Hindi features. This format has been revived by AIR producers across India due to its flexibility, relatively low production cost, messaging potential, and creative possibilities.

===Central Drama Unit===
All India Radio's Central Drama Unit (CDU) is responsible for the national broadcast of plays. The plays produced by the CDU are translated and produced by regional stations. Since its inception in the 1960s, the unit has produced over 1,500 plays and maintains a repository of old scripts and productions. The National Programme of Plays, aired by the CDU, is broadcast on the fourth Thursday of each month at 9:30 pm. Each play in this program is produced in 22 Indian languages and broadcast simultaneously by all regional and national network stations. Additionally, the CDU produces Chain Plays, which are half-hour dramas broadcast in succession by a network of stations.

===Social Media Cell===
The News Service Division's Social Media Cell was established on 20 May 2013, and is responsible for delivering AIR news across new media platforms, including websites, Twitter, Facebook, and SMS.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:AIR FM Tower Mangalore 0203.jpg|alt=White, multistory building with tall red-and-white tower in front|AIR tower in [[Mangalore]], [[Karnataka]]
File:Akashvani Bhavan, Kolkata.jpg|alt=Massive, pinkish-gray building with columns|[[Akashvani Kolkata]]: the regional centre of Akashvani, [[West Bengal]].
File:Akashvani Emblem - Akashvani Bhavan - Kolkata 2013-09-07 2122.JPG|Emblem of Akashvani at [[Akashvani Kolkata]]
</gallery>

==See also==
{{portal|Telecommunication|India}}
* ''[[The Indian Listener]]''
* [[Radio in India]]
* [[106.4 FM Radio Gold]]
* [[Telugu-language radio|Telugu Radio]]
* [[AIR Srinagar]]
* [[Telecommunications in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
{{wiktionary|akashvani}}
* [http://allindiaradio.gov.in/ All India Radio Official web-site]
* [http://onlinetps.com/resources/AIR_radio_frequency_list.htm All India Radio (AIR) Station Frequencies (National/International)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605120519/http://onlinetps.com/resources/AIR_radio_frequency_list.htm |date=5 June 2014 }}

{{MIBI}}
{{Prasara Bharathi Network}}
{{European Broadcasting Union Members}}
{{World Radio Network}}
{{Telecommunications}}
{{Media of India}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:All India Radio| ]]
[[Category:International broadcasters]]
[[Category:Radio stations in India]]
[[Category:Hindi-language radio stations]]
[[Category:Tibetan-language radio stations]]
[[Category:Public radio]]
[[Category:Multilingual broadcasters]]
[[Category:Radio stations established in 1936]]
[[Category:1936 establishments in India]]
[[Category:State media]]
[[Category:Radio broadcasting companies of India]]
[[Category:Radio stations in Assam]]

Bohag Bihu

2026-01-10T05:28:29Z

Shailendra: fix

{{short description|Harvest festival celebrated in Assam}}
{{see also|Indian New Year's days}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox holiday
|holiday_name = Bohag Bihu Assamese New Year
|image = Bihu dance হুঁচৰি.jpg
|caption = A group of Children performing 'Husori' during Bohag Bihu.
|observedby =
|celebrations =
|longtype = Social, Cultural, Religious
|type =
|significance = New Year
|date = 1st Bohag (13/14 April)
|frequency = annual
|duration = 1 day
|relatedto = [[South and Southeast Asian solar New Year]]
}}

'''Bohag Bihu''' or '''Rongali [[Bihu]]''' also called ''Xaat Bihu'' (seven Bihus) is a traditional ethnic festival celebrated in the [[Northeastern India]]n state of [[Assam]] and other parts of [[Northeastern India]] by the indigenous ethnic groups of Assam, and marks the beginning of the '''Assamese New Year'''. The festival is of mostly aboriginal origin comprising Tibeto-Burman and Tai elements. It usually falls in the 2nd week of April, historically signifying the time of harvest. Every year it falls on the 14th day of April.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://meghalaya.gov.in/megportal/sites/all/images/holidaylist.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=8 April 2016 |archive-date=22 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422123739/http://meghalaya.gov.in/megportal/sites/all/images/holidaylist.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The holiday unites the different native communities of Assam regardless of their backgrounds and promotes the celebration of ethnic diversity.

'''Rongali Utsav''' is a festival organised in [[Guwahati]] every year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/why-rongali-festival-stands-out-as-a-platform-for-peace-and-diversity/1547308/|title=Why Rongali festival stands out as a platform for peace and diversity|date=2019-04-14|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-04/15/c_137977204.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921145526/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-04/15/c_137977204.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 21, 2019|title=Rongali Bihu festival celebrated in Guwahati, India|last=李夏|website=www.xinhuanet.com|access-date=2019-09-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=feb0717/city051|title=The Assam Tribune Online|website=www.assamtribune.com|access-date=2019-09-21|archive-date=1 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001161820/http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=feb0717%2Fcity051|url-status=dead}}</ref> The festival showcases tribal [[culture of Assam]] to the world.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/festival-showcases-tribal-culture-food/articleshow/56994446.cms|title=Festival showcases tribal culture, food |date=February 6, 2017|first=Abdul |last=Gani |website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-09-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/lifestyle/culture/rongali-in-assam-brings-forth-the-true-ethnicity-of-the-northeast-region20190413140048/|title='Rongali' in Assam brings forth the true ethnicity of the northeast region|website=www.aninews.in|language=en|access-date=2019-09-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/rongali-set-to-rock-guwahati/cid/1439514|title=Rongali set to rock Guwahati|website=www.telegraphindia.com|language=en|access-date=2019-09-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rollingstoneindia.com/festival-review-rongali-festival-guwahati-assam/|title=Festival Review: Rongali Festival, Guwahati, Assam -|date=2017-02-20|website=My Site|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-21}}</ref>

In Assam locally the onset of 'Bohag' (Assamese Calendar) marks the starting of Rongali Bihu. The three primary types of [[Bihu]] are Bohag Bihu or Rongali Bihu, Kati Bihu or Kongali Bihu, and Magh Bihu or Bhogali Bihu. Each festival historically recognizes a different agricultural cycle of the paddy crops.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://festivals.iloveindia.com/bihu/rongali-bihu/days-of-rongali-bihu.html|title=Days of Rongali Bihu - Rongali Bihu Days}}</ref> During Rongali Bihu there are 7 pinnacle phases: 'Sot', 'Raati', 'Goru', 'Manuh', 'Kutum', 'Mela' and 'Sera'.

== Information ==
* '''Raati Bihu''': This phase begins on the first night of the month of Sot and lasts till ''Uruka''. This phase was usually performed beneath an ancient tree or in an open field illuminated by burning torches. It was celebrated in the villages and was meant as a gathering for the local women. The participation of men was mostly ceremonial where they played a ''pepa'' i.e. a buffalo hornpipe. Another notable musical instrument played in this phase was the ''bholuka baanhor toka'' which is a split bamboo musical instrument.
* '''Sot Bihu''': Also called ''Bali Husori'', this phase begins on the second day of the month of Sot Mah. On this day Bihu songs and dances are organized by the young at outdoor locations, fields or a ''naamghor bakori'' (yard of community prayer hall) till the occurrence of ''Uruka'', the formal beginning of Rongali Bihu.
* '''Goru Bihu''': This phase is related to the agricultural roots of Assam and the reverence of livestock which provided an ancient method of livelihood. On the last date of Sot month ie. the first day of Rongali Bihu is dedicated to the caring upkeep of livestock and a cattle show. Typically the collective cattle of a village are brought to a water source like a pond or a river. The cattle are washed with a combination of symbolic herbs : ''maah-halodhi'' (black gram and turmeric paste), whipped ''dighloti'' (''litsea salicifolia'', a plant with long leaf), ''makhioti'' ([[flemingia strobilifera]], '' tonglati'' (a plant with flower like soft plastic butter-fly) and pieces of ''lau'' (bottle gourd) and ''bengena'' (brinjal). People sing the following passage: "''Dighloti dighal paat, maakhi marru jaat jaat; lau khaa bengena khaa, bosore bosore bardhi jaa, maare xaru baapere xoru toi hobi bor bor goru"'' . This is roughly translated as : "With our herbs and the leaves of dighloti, we drive away the flies which disturb you; we hope you accept our offering of brinjals and gourds, and continue to grow every year; and may you outgrow your parents". After washing the cattle, the remaining branches of ''dighloti-makhioti and lau-bengena chat'' etc. are hung on the roof of the cattle ranch signifying their participation. Games are organised which include collecting ''exho ebidh haak'' (101 types of vegetables), with variations of activities which may include specifics like gathering ''amlori tup'' (larvae of [[weaver ant]], Oecophylla smaragdina), binding betel leaf plants, planting some bamboo roots, and many other symbolic harvest related ritual materials. There is also an occasional food fight, also known as ''Kori Khel'', ''Paakha Khel and'' ''koni-juj''. At Dusk, the cattle are paraded back to their ranches. The cattle are decorated with new harnesses, and are fed ''pitha'' (the typical Assamese confectionery). The day's end is marked by burning rice bran to create smoke.

[[File:A group of 'Husori' for the occasion of Assamese 'Bohag Bihu' in their traditional attire.png|thumb|A group of 'Husori' for the occasion of Assamese 'Bohag Bihu' in their traditional attire.]]
* '''Manuh Bihu''': The first day of the Bohag month marks ''Manuh Bihu'' ('Manuh' symbolises "Elders" and ''Ancestral Spirits''). People give offerings to the elders and the ancestral spirits and ask for blessings. People have a special ''maah halodhi'' bath, put on new clothes and light ''saki'' at ''Gohai Ghor'' (the household prayer place). "Manuh Bihu" involves the tradition of seeking blessings from the elders in a family and presenting the ceremonial patch of ''Bihuwan'' or the ''Gamusa'' cloth, as a gift, to be worn as a symbol of cultural pride. A 'Gamusa' is an indispensable part of indigenous Assamese life and culture with its distinctive symbolic significance. The intricacy of its handcrafting symbolically historically heralded of the ideas of friendship, love, regards, warmth, hospitality and it is intimately woven into the social fabric of Assam.
* '''Kutum Bihu''': The second date of Bohag Mah is ''Kutum Bihu'' ("Kutum" symbolises "Kin"). On this day people visit their families, relatives and friends and have lunch or dinner together and share news and stories.
* '''Mela Bihu''': The third day of Bihu is marked by the celebration of Bihu with cultural events and competitions in outdoor locales (Mela symbolises "Fair"). In the ancient days, the King and his staff used to come out to such fairs or ''bihutoli''s to mingle in the Bihu celebrations. This tradition of events is continued till date with ''Bihu Melas'' or Bihu functions. The fairs are attended by people from all over Assam and are aimed at fostering an atmosphere of the communal brotherhood and the inclusion of everyone.
* '''Sera Bihu''': Also called ''Bohagi Bidai'', ''Phato Bihu'' it is the fourth and final day of Rongali Bihu. In different regions of Assam, people celebrate it differently but the common theme is wrapping up the celebrations with contemplation and future resolutions. It is marked by the exchange of ''Pithas'' made by different families during the Bihu week among their friends and relatives.

== References ==
<references />

{{New Year by Calendar}}
{{Assam}}

[[Category:Festivals in Assam]]
[[Category:April observances]]
[[Category:New Year in India]]
[[Category:Culture of Assam]]
[[Category:Festivals in India]]
[[Category:Cultural festivals in India]]

Kumbaran language

2026-01-01T11:27:10Z

Shailendra: added the post with sources

{{Short description|Southern Dravidian language of India}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{One source|date=April 2024}}
{{Sources exist|date=April 2024}}
{{Expand language|topic=|langcode=kn|otherarticle=ಕುಂಬಾರನ್ ಭಾಷೆ|date=April 2024}}
}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Kumbaran
|nativename=
|states=[[India]]
|ethnicity=
|speakers=10,000
|date=2004
|ref=e18
|familycolor=Dravidian
|fam2=Southern
|fam3=[[South Dravidian languages|Southern I]]
|fam4=(unclassified)
|iso3=wkb
|glotto=kumb1267
|glottorefname=Kumbaran
}}

'''Kumbaran''' ({{ipa|wkb|kumbɐɾɐn|ipa}}) is an unclassified{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} [[Southern Dravidian languages|Southern Dravidian language]] spoken by a [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Caste]] of [[India]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
* [[Kumbara]]

{{Dravidian languages |state=autocollapse}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Dravidian languages]]

{{Dravidian-lang-stub}}

Stuart Fraser (civil servant)

2025-12-29T03:19:16Z

Shailendra: Creating The Details Basic Info

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
[[File:S M Fraser.jpg|thumb]]
'''Sir Stuart Milford Fraser''', {{post-nominals|country=GBR|sep=,|KCSI|CIE}} (2 June 1864 – 1 December 1963) was a distinguished officer of the Foreign and Political Department of the [[Government of India]]. Five years after joining the [[Indian Civil Service]], he was appointed tutor to the Maharajas of [[Kolhapur]] and [[Bhavnagar]], and later (1896–1902) was tutor and guardian to the [[Maharaja of Mysore]]. The [[Fraser Town, Bangalore|Fraser Town]] locality in Bangalore was named after him.

==Early life==
[[File:Fraser Town Foundation.jpg|thumb|left|Stone Inscription at [[Fraser Town, Bangalore|Fraser Town]], [[Bangalore]], [[India]]]]
Stuart Milford Fraser was educated at [[Blundell's School]] and [[Balliol College, Oxford|Balliol College]]. He passed the examination for the [[Indian Civil Service]] in 1882 and was allocated to the [[Bombay Presidency]].

==Tutoring of princes==

Within 5 years Fraser was selected as guardian and tutor to the Raja of Kolhapur, later to become [http://www.shahumaharaj.com Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj] after being educated at [[Rajkumar College, Rajkot]].

He later had responsibility for the leadership preparations of the Maharajah of Bhavanagar, Shri Bhavsinhji II (1875–1919) after schooling at [[Rajkumar College, Rajkot]] like his father, [[Takhtsinhji]] and son, [[Krishna Kumarasingh Bhavasingh]] the last Maharaja of [[Bhavnagar]].

In 1896 Fraser was appointed as governor and tutor to the young [[Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV]], [[Maharaja of Mysore]], who was later to become known as a beneficent ruler who enhanced the reputation of [[Mysore]] as a model state.

==Anglo-Tibetan Convention 1904==

In 1903 Fraser went to the Foreign Department at Calcutta and Simla as deputy secretary and in 1904 was sent by [[Lord Curzon]] as H.M Commissioner to negotiate with the Chinese about the Anglo-Tibetan Convention (requiring Tibet to open its border with British India).

==Later career==

Fraser returned to India in 1905 as [[Resident (title)|Resident]] in Mysore and [[List of Chief Commissioners of Coorg|Chief Commissioner of Coorg]]. In 1911 Fraser was appointed Resident in Kashmir and for several months in 1914 was acting Resident in [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]].

At the commencement of the [[First World War]], with [[Ottoman Empire|Turkey]] taking the side of [[German Empire|Germany]], it was Fraser’s resolute and confident approach that persuaded [[Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII]], the Nizam of Hyderabad, to resist defeatist view and ensure continued support for the [[British Raj]].

==Fraser Town, Bangalore, India==
{{main article|Fraser Town, Bangalore}}
'''Fraser Town''' is a suburb of [[Bangalore Cantonment]], in Bangalore North-East, spread over 4 km2. It was established in 1906 and is named after Stuart Mitford Fraser (1864-1963).<ref name="My Bangalore" /> Fraser Town was established to de-congest the growing Bangalore Civil and Military Station (otherwise known as the [[Bangalore Cantonment]]).<ref name=Dasharathi>{{cite web|last1=Dasharathi|first1=Poornima|title=Cantonment: colonial past, multicultural present|url=http://bangalore.citizenmatters.in/articles/295-bangalore-cantonment|publisher=Citizen Matters|accessdate=23 December 2014|date=23 July 2008}}</ref> The foundation of Fraser Town was laid in August 1910 by Mrs. F J Richards, with a commemorative plaque on the corner of Coles Road and [[Mosque Road]] [https://www.google.com.au/maps/@12.9959189,77.6133888,20z].<ref name=Aliyeh2>{{cite news|last1=Rizvi|first1=Aliyeh|title=Say a little prayer|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/columns/others/Say-a-little-prayer/articleshow/43100609.cms|accessdate=29 December 2014|issue=Bangalore|publisher=Bangalore Mirror|date=21 September 2014}}</ref> Fraser Town is a residential and commercial suburb, the prominent roads being Promenade Road, Netaji Road, Madhavraya Mudaliar Road (M M Road), Haines Road, Spencer Road, Wheeler Road, Mosque Road, etc. The suburb is known for its communal harmony with Hindus, Muslims and Christians living side by side in peace.<ref name="My Bangalore">{{cite web|title=Frazer Town|url=http://www.mybangalore.com/locality/fraser-town.html|publisher=My Bangalore|accessdate=23 December 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Sources ==
*Obituary – Sir Stuart Fraser, The Times, 4 December 1963 (p. 18; Issue 55875; col A).
*Obituary – Sir Stuart Fraser, Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society, LI (1964), p. 197.
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=KCm1s6NYjpkC&q=%22Sir+Stuart+Fraser%22 ''Royal India: a descriptive and historical study of India's fifteen principal states and their rulers''], Maud Diver, Ayer Publishing, 1971, {{ISBN|0-8369-2152-6}}, {{ISBN|978-0-8369-2152-6}}.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fraser, Stuart}}
[[Category:1864 births]]
[[Category:1963 deaths]]
[[Category:People educated at Blundell's School]]
[[Category:Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Indian Civil Service (British India) officers]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:British resident at Mysore]]

Audrey Truschke

2025-12-20T12:29:56Z

Shailendra: corrected section additionally and added references

{{Short description|Historian of late medieval India}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Infobox academic
| name = Audrey Truschke
| occupation = Professor, historian, author
| image = Audrey Truschke in August 2018.png
| caption = Truschke in August 2018
| citizenship = United States
| alma_mater = [[University of Chicago]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) [[Columbia University]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]], [[MPhil]], [[PhD]])
| thesis_title = Cosmopolitan Encounters: Sanskrit and Persian at the Mughal Court<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Trushke |first=Audrey |date=2012 |title=Cosmopolitan Encounters: Sanskrit and Persian at the Mughal Court |url= |work= |degree=Ph.D. |location= |publisher=Columbia University |access-date=}}</ref>
| thesis_year = 2012
| doctoral_advisor = [[Sheldon Pollock]]{{sfn|Trushke|2012|pp=vi}}
| work_institution = [[Rutgers University]]
| website = {{URL|https://audreytruschke.com}}
}}

'''Audrey Truschke''' ({{IPAc-en|'|t|r|ʌ|ʃ|k|i}} {{respell|TRUSH|kee}}) is a historian of South Asia and a professor at [[Rutgers University]]. Her work focuses on inter-community relations in [[Medieval India|medieval South Asia]], especially during the [[Mughal Empire]]. In 2017, she was conferred with the John F. Richards Prize in South Asian History by [[American Historical Association]]. Truschke has been a frequent target of harassment by [[Hindutva|right-wing Hindu nationalists]], who accuse her of having prejudiced views on [[Hinduism]], and making offensive statements; scholars reject the charges.<ref name="Scroll_Staff" /><ref name="Chung" /><ref name="wire.in" /><ref name="Venugopal">{{cite news |last=Venugopal |first=Arun |date=2021-07-21 |title=At Rutgers, and Beyond, Scholars Are Under Attack For Their Critique of India's Far-Right Government |url=https://gothamist.com/news/at-rutgers-and-beyond-scholars-are-under-attack-for-their-critique-of-indias-far-right-government |newspaper=Gothamist }}</ref>

== Education and career ==

Truschke earned her bachelor's degree in religious studies from the [[University of Chicago]] in 2004.<ref name="CV"/> She earned her [[Master of Arts|MA]] from [[Columbia University]] in Middle Eastern, South Asian, and African Studies in 2007 before going on to receive a [[Master of Philosophy|MPhil]] in the same discipline in 2008.<ref name="CV" /> She received her PhD from Columbia University in 2012, and was a [[Postdoctoral researcher|postdoctoral fellow]] at [[University of Cambridge]] (2012–2013) and [[Stanford University]] (2013–2016).<ref name="CV" />

In 2015, Truschke joined Rutgers University as an [[assistant professor]] of South Asian history and in 2023, she was promoted to full [[Professors in the United States|professorship]].<ref name="CV" />

== Publications and reception ==

=== Monographs ===

==== ''Culture of Encounters: Sanskrit at the Mughal Court'' ====
In 2016, Truschke's ''Culture of Encounters: Sanskrit at the Mughal Court'', was published by [[Columbia University Press]]. It dwelt upon the literary, social, and political roles of [[Sanskrit]] in the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] courts from 1560 to 1650, and was reviewed in multiple journals.<ref name="Rutgers_resume" />

Aria Fani, in the journal ''[[Iranian Studies (journal)|Iranian Studies]]'', found the work to be an invaluable contribution to South Asian studies.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fani |first=Aria |date=4 March 2019 |title=Culture of Encounters: Sanskrit at the Mughal Court |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2019.1590819 |journal=Iranian Studies |volume=52 |issue=1–2 |pages=231–237 |doi=10.1080/00210862.2019.1590819 |s2cid=167120313 |issn=0021-0862|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Edmond Smith of the [[University of Kent]], writing for ''[[Reviews in History]]'', found the work to be "evocative, [and] expertly researched", where Truschke used her "exceptional linguistic talents" to pose and answer provoking questions about the Mughal Empire while inspiring other scholars to re-examine their approaches to studying religions.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Smith |first=Edmond |date=2017 |title=Review of 'Culture of Encounters: Sanskrit at the Mughal Court' |url=http://www.history.ac.uk/reviews/review/2122 |journal=Reviews in History |doi=10.14296/RiH/2014/2122 |doi-access=free |publisher=School of Advanced Study, University of London |issn= 1749-8155}}</ref><ref>{{multiref2|{{Cite web |title=Review of Truschke, Audrey, ''Culture of Encounters: Sanskrit at the Mughal Court'' |first=Supriya |last= Gandhi|url=https://networks.h-net.org/node/22055/reviews/1028510/gandhi-truschke-culture-encounters-sanskrit-mughal-court |date=December 2017 |website=H-Asia |series=H-Net Reviews |publisher=Michigan State University}}|{{Cite journal |last=Anooshahr |first=Ali |date=3 August 2018 |title=Culture of Encounters: Sanskrit at the Mughal Court, written by Audrey Truschke |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/jemh/22/4/article-p299_6.xml |journal=Journal of Early Modern History |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=299–301 |doi=10.1163/15700658-12342585-01 |s2cid=165693077 |issn=1385-3783|url-access=subscription }}|{{Cite journal |last=Gommans |first=Jos |date=1 December 2017 |title=Audrey Truschke. Culture of Encounters: Sanskrit at the Mughal Court. |url=https://academic.oup.com/ahr/article/122/5/1584/4724842 |journal=The American Historical Review |volume=122 |issue=5 |pages=1584–1585 |doi=10.1093/ahr/122.5.1584 |issn=0002-8762|url-access=subscription }}|{{Cite journal |last=Keshavmurthy |first=Prashant |date=May 2017 |title=Audrey Truschke, Culture of Encounters: Sanskrit at the Mughal Court (New York: Columbia University Press, 2016). Pp. 384. $60.00 cloth. {{text|ISBN}}: 9780231173629 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-middle-east-studies/article/abs/audrey-truschke-culture-of-encounters-sanskrit-at-the-mughal-court-new-york-columbia-university-press-2016-pp-384-6000-cloth-isbn-9780231173629/306C5E19112AAECD7D24B2ECF1420491 |journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=349–352 |doi=10.1017/S0020743817000174 |s2cid=165087547 |issn=0020-7438|url-access=subscription }}|{{Cite journal |last=Talbot |first=Cynthia |date=February 2017 |title=Audrey Truschke : Culture of Encounters: Sanskrit at the Mughal Court. xiii, 362 pp. New York: Columbia University Press, 2016. £44. {{text|ISBN}} 978 0231173629. |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bulletin-of-the-school-of-oriental-and-african-studies/article/abs/audrey-truschke-culture-of-encounters-sanskrit-at-the-mughal-court-xiii-362-pp-new-york-columbia-university-press-2016-44-isbn-978-0231173629/0B01E37DF174DF88D4A444B23D095B6F |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies |volume=80 |issue=1 |pages=167–168 |doi=10.1017/S0041977X17000301 |issn=0041-977X|url-access=subscription }}}}</ref>

==== ''Aurangzeb: The Life and Legacy of India's Most Controversial King'' ====
{{Main articles|Aurangzeb: The Man and the Myth}}
In 2017, Truschke published ''Aurangzeb: The Life and Legacy of India's Most Controversial King'' about the Mughal emperor [[Aurangzeb]], with [[Stanford University Press]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aurangzeb |work= Reading Religion |url=https://readingreligion.org/books/aurangzeb |access-date=14 March 2021 | first= Shaharyar |last= Zia | date= August 2020 |publisher=American Academy of Religion | type= book review }}</ref> Truschke, in her reading of sources, suggests that Aurangzeb was not the anti-Hindu tyrant he has been made out to be in popular scholarship; there was no "systematic" attack on Hindus and his sporadic destruction of temples or imposition of ''[[jizya]]'' must be interpreted from within a political and economical milieu.

Munis D. Faruqui, a historian of Mughal India, found the book to be an excellent work aimed at non-specialists, and praised Truschke's willingness to tackle the topic despite being aware about the inevitability of "vicious personal attacks from mostly nonacademic critics".<ref name="Faruqu">{{Cite journal |last=Faruqui |first=Munis D. |date=6 March 2019 |title=Aurangzeb: The Life and Legacy of India's Most Controversial King. By Audrey Truschke |url=https://academic.oup.com/jaar/article/87/1/299/5145726 |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Religion |volume=87 |issue=1 |pages=299–303 |doi=10.1093/jaarel/lfy040 |issn=0002-7189|url-access=subscription }}</ref> However, Faruqui cautioned that the book "[did] not fill unexplored gaps in the historiography."<ref name="Faruqu" /> Sara Mondini, a scholar of [[Indo-Islamic architecture|Indo-Islamic art]] and architecture, commended Truschke for having penned a "precise and exhaustive" volume on the subject with due regard to sources; it was far more "rich and complex" than the "stereotypical nationalist" ones prevailing in scholarship, and was "pivotal" to the understanding of Hindu-Muslim encounters in the premodern era.<ref name="Mondini">{{Cite journal |last=Mondini |first=Sara |date=October 2018 |title=Audrey Truschke: Aurangzeb: The Life and Legacy of India's Most Controversial King. xiii, 136 pp. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2017. {{text|ISBN}} 978 1 5036 0257 1. |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bulletin-of-the-school-of-oriental-and-african-studies/article/abs/audrey-truschke-aurangzeb-the-life-and-legacy-of-indias-most-controversial-king-xiii-136-pp-stanford-stanford-university-press-2017-isbn-978-1-5036-0257-1/A257F5FC3BA734D3C7080881687D2C43 |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies |volume=81 |issue=3 |pages=555–557 |doi=10.1017/S0041977X18001179 |issn=0041-977X |s2cid=187354883|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Reyes |first1=María Fernanda Ramírez |last2=Becerril |first2=Maribel Elliet Alvarado |date=2019 |title=Audrey Truschke (2017). Aurangzeb. The life and legacy of India's most controversial king. Stanford, CA.: Stanford University Press, 152 pp. |journal=Estudios de Asia y Africa |volume=54 |issue=1 (168) |pages=185–190 |doi=10.24201/eaa.v54i1.2420 |jstor=26542051 |s2cid=239532632 |issn=0185-0164 |doi-access=free |language=es}}</ref>

==== ''The Language of History: Sanskrit Narratives of Indo-Muslim Rule'' ====
Truschke's third monograph, ''The Language of History: Sanskrit Narratives of Indo-Muslim Rule'', was published in January 2021 by [[Columbia University Press]].<ref name="Rutgers_resume" /> [[Sheldon Pollock]], [[Romila Thapar]], [[Cynthia Talbot]], and [[Richard M. Eaton]] provided blurbs for the publication.<ref>{{Cite web  |title=Reviews of The Language of History: Sanskrit Narratives of Indo-Muslim Rule |url=http://cup.columbia.edu/book/the-language-of-history/9780231197052 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130200923/http://cup.columbia.edu/book/the-language-of-history/9780231197052 |archive-date=2020-11-30 |date=5 January 2021 |website=Columbia University Press |type=publisher's blurb}}</ref>

=== ''India: 5,000 Years of History on the Subcontinent'' ===
Truschke's fourth monograph, ''India: 5,000 Years of History on the Subcontinent'', was published in June 2025 by [[Princeton University Press]].<ref>{{Cite web|title="India, 5000 Years of History on the Subcontinent" by Audrey Truschke|url=https://asianreviewofbooks.com/india-5000-years-of-history-on-the-subcontinent-by-audrey-truschke/ |work=Asian Review of Books|first=David|last=Chaffetz|date=25 May 2025|access-date=2 July 2025}}</ref>

=== Edited volumes ===
In May 2021, Truschke co-edited "''The [[Ramayana]] of [[Hamida Banu Begum]], Queen Mother of Mughal India''" which was published by Silvana Editoriale and [[Museum of Islamic Art, Doha]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Ramayana of Hamida Banu Begum, Queen Mother of Mughal India |url=https://en.silvanaeditoriale.it/libro/9788836645466 |access-date=20 May 2021 |website=en.silvanaeditoriale.it }}</ref>

== Honors ==
In 2017, Truschke was awarded the John F. Richards Prize in South Asian History by the [[American Historical Association]] for ''Culture of Encounters'' being the "most distinguished work of scholarship on South Asian history, [published in 2016]".<ref>{{Cite web |title=John F. Richards Prize Recipients {{!}} AHA |url=https://www.historians.org/awards-and-grants/past-recipients/john-f-richards-prize-recipients |access-date=14 March 2021 |website=www.historians.org}}</ref> She received the Rutgers Board of Trustees Research Fellowship for Scholarly Excellence in 2020.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Luongo |first1=Nora |title=SASN Faculty and Staff Honored for their Exceptional Contributions |url=https://sasn.rutgers.edu/news-events/news/sasn-faculty-and-staff-honored-their-exceptional-contributions |work=Rutgers SASN |date=15 May 2020 }}</ref>

== Social media activity ==

=== Translation controversy ===
In one of her tweets in 2018, Truschke, referring to an episode in the ''[[Ramayana]]'', said that [[Sita]] had admonished [[Rama]] as a "misogynist pig";<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/AudreyTruschke/status/987062962010640384|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520124547/https://twitter.com/AudreyTruschke/status/987062962010640384|url-status=dead|website=[[Twitter]]|archive-date=2021-05-20|title=Dr. Audrey Truschke on Twitter: "For anyone unfamiliar with these episodes...|date=2018-04-19}}</ref> she cited a critical translation of the Valmiki Ramayana by [[Robert P. Goldman]] in support.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/AudreyTruschke/status/987371326884151296|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920041334/https://twitter.com/AudreyTruschke/status/987371326884151296|url-status=dead|archive-date=2021-09-20|website=[[Twitter]]|title=Dr. Audrey Truschke on Twitter: "Re #RamayanaGate over here...|date=2018-04-20}}</ref><ref name="vice" /><ref name="newsminute" /><ref name="Bhattacharya" /> Goldman however denied that he ever used such language and deemed her choice of words to be "highly inappropriate".<ref name="Venugopal" /> Truschke responded by stating that such disagreements are routine aspects of scholarly discourse and she had only offered a "loose translation" using contemporary language.<ref name="newsminute" /><ref name="Truschke" /> According to Truschke, Goldman himself had used words like "pimp" in describing Sita's criticism of Rama and further, she was not endorsing Sita's criticism.<ref name="Truschke" /><ref name="reddy" />

Srinivas Reddy, a professor of religious studies at [[Brown University]], found Truschke's choice of words to lie in the extreme and missing contextual nuances; however, he supported her right to critically interpret epic characters and found subsequent attacks on her by the Hindu right to be misogynistic in essence, and deplorable.<ref name="reddy" /> Highlighting how the ''Ramayana'' was not a dead text but a way of life in India, he urged Truschke to adopt a less polarizing voice in her analyses and respect the text, if not revere.<ref name="reddy" /> Writer [[Purushottam Agrawal]] found the tweet to be inflammatory, disrespectful and poor; it reduced the layered and complex character of Rama to a "caricature in a contemporary American comic strip," noting that "'Prakrita' [is] a common word, which essentially means 'ordinary' or 'uncivilised', or 'raw' as opposed to refined."<ref name="Agrawal" /> Cultural critic [[Pushpesh Pant]] found the translation to be poor, as well.<ref name="Pant" />

== Targeting by the Hindu right ==
Truschke has been a prominent critic of [[Hindutva]] and its exclusionary ideology.<ref>{{cite news |last=Vadukut |first=Sidin |date=14 October 2017 |title=Audrey Truschke {{!}} The historian who engages |url=https://www.livemint.com/Sundayapp/GjK6sLgFpFbYNKWKCshf9N/Audrey-Truschke--The-historian-who-engages.html |newspaper=Mint }}</ref> Due to her historical works and her choice of language, she has become a target of the Hindu right<ref name="vice" /> and has been a frequent recipient of [[hate mail]].<ref>{{cite news |date=2020-07-14 |title=Hate Male |url=https://therevealer.org/hate-male/ |newspaper=The Revealer }}</ref> In 2021, Truschke, along with a group of other scholars, formed a [[collective]] to combat increasing harassment of South Asian scholars by people affiliated with Hindutva.<ref name="Scroll.in_SASAC" /><ref name="WP_academic_freedom" /> They launched the "Hindutva Harassment Field Manual," offering "resources" against "Hindu Rights assault."<ref name="Field_Manual" />

Truschke reports that she is frequently the target of [[antisemitic]] attacks,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/audrey-audrey-quite-contrary-the-historian-everyone-loves-to-hate/articleshow/65455722.cms|author=Manimugdha S Sharma|title=Audrey, Audrey, quite contrary: The historian everyone loves to hate|work=[[Times of India]]|date=August 19, 2018}}</ref> although she is "not Jewish";<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://harpers.org/archive/2024/10/the-hindutva-lobby-hindu-nationalism-america-andrew-cockburn/|magazine=Harper's|author=Andrew Cockburn|date=October 2024|title=The Hindutva Lobby: How Hindu nationalism spreads in America}}</ref> her family name is of [[Polish people|Polish]] origin.

=== Aurangzeb ===
After publishing her monograph on Aurangzeb, Truschke was accused of whitewashing his alleged genocidal atrocities on Hindus and trolled by the Hindu right.<ref name="Harikrishnan">{{Cite news |last=Harikrishnan |first=Charmy |title=The ring changed Dushyanta from a lying cad to an honourable man: Wendy Doniger |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/the-ring-changed-dushyanta-from-a-lying-cad-to-an-honourable-man-wendy-doniger/articleshow/60236623.cms |date=28 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="Mondini" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Audrey Truschke, "Aurangzeb: The Life and Legacy of India's Most… |url=https://newbooksnetwork.com/audrey-truschke-aurangzeb-the-life-and-legacy-of-indias-most-controversial-king-stanford-up-2017 |date=2020-09-04 |website=New Books Network }}</ref> [[Wendy Doniger]] noted these to be ad-hominem attacks infused with [[Islamophobia]] and [[misogyny]].<ref name="Harikrishnan" />

===Student petition===

In 2021, a group of Hindu students at Rutgers University circulated a petition calling for the university to disallow Truschke from teaching a course on Hinduism, condemn her views, and create "a safe space for diaspora Hindus".<ref name="Scroll_Staff" /><ref name="Chung" /> The petition alleged that Truschke held "inherently prejudiced views" on Hinduism and the Hindus.<ref name="Scroll_Staff"/> Among the alleged reasons were Truschke's claiming that the ''[[Bhagavad Gita]]'' rationalizes mass slaughter,<ref name="Scroll_Staff"/>{{efn|Referring to Truschke (2020), ''The living Mahabharata'':{{blockquote|text=[T]he line between virtue and vice [ in Mahabharata], dharma and adharma, is often muddled [...] Krishna's discourse to Arjuna, known as the Bhagavadgita (‘Song of the Lord’), or Gita for short, is often read as a standalone work today, and revered by many across the world for its insights on morality and even nonviolence. In the 20th century, Mahatma Gandhi understood the Gita to support nonviolent resistance to colonial oppression. In the Mahabharata's plot, however, the Bhagavadgita rationalises mass slaughter [...] The Pandavas win, but at a magnificent cost of human life. The epic compels readers to imagine that human cost by describing the battle in excruciating, bloody detail over tens of thousands of verses. The Pandavas kill multiple members of their own family along the way, including elders who ought to be revered. Their victory is further soured by a night raid in which, on the last night of the war, the few remaining Kauravas creep into the slumbering Pandava camp and kill nearly everyone, including all the victors’ sons."|source=<ref name="Truschke_Aeon"/>}} The philosophy of violence (and nonviolence), as espoused in Bhagavadgita and their appropriation into sociopolitical discourse has attracted significant scholarship. See Palshikar, Sanjay. "Evil and the Philosophy of Retribution: Modern Commentaries on the Bhagavad-Gītā". UK: Routledge (2014)}} linking Hindus with the [[January 6 United States Capitol attack]],<ref name="Scroll_Staff"/>{{efn|Truschke linked "Hindu Right folks" with the Capitol riots, not Hindus in general:{{blockquote|text=I begin teaching History of South Asia II (Mughals to Modi) on Jan 19, one day before the inauguration.{{pb}}One of my opening images will be this [rioters and flags in front of the Capitol, including an Indian flag] from DC yesterday, with the opening question -- What do we need to know to explain why there is an Indian flag here?"{{pb}}[In a reply]: There were a number of Hindu Right folks there, including some who have attacked me in the past.|source=<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/audreytruschke/status/1347234737035898881|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202044350/https://twitter.com/audreytruschke/status/1347234737035898881|title=Dr. Audrey Truschke on Twitter: "@Yael_Rice There were a number of Hindu Right folks there|date=2021-01-07|archive-date=2022-12-02|url-status=dead}}</ref>}} A fact-check by [[Alt News]] corroborates Truschke's accusations:{{blockquote |text=It turns out that they are actually inclined towards the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. |source=<ref>Mohammed Zubair (9 Jan 2021), [https://scroll.in/article/983610/fact-check-were-the-men-who-waved-the-indian-flag-at-the-capitol-supporters-of-the-congress-party Fact check: Were the men who waved the Indian flag at the Capitol supporters of the Congress party?], Scroll.in</ref>}}In general, other scholars have noted the enmeshing of Hindu Nationalist diaspora with US-based Far Right.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Leidig |first1=Eviane |last2=Ganesh |first2=Bharath |last3=Bright |first3=Jonathan |date=January 2022 |title=New forms of cultural nationalism? American and British Indians in the Trump and Brexit Twittersphere |journal=Nations and Nationalism |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=302–321 |doi=10.1111/nana.12781 |s2cid=244443494 |issn=1354-5078|doi-access=free |hdl=11250/3053021 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>}} whitewashing the "trauma" inflicted on Hindus by [[Aurangzeb]],<ref name="Scroll_Staff"/>{{efn|name="Hindu_genocide" |Referring to the conclusions of Truschke (2017), ''[[Aurangzeb: The Life and Legacy of India's Most Controversial King]]''}} and designing an undergraduate course to portray an "exotic-erotic-chauvinist-oppressive" view of Hindu India by relying on scholars like [[Wendy Doniger]] and focusing on the multiplicity of Ramayana among other errors of omission and commission.<ref name="Chung" />

The university, while defending academic freedom and calling for an immediate end to [[hate speech]] directed at her, said that it was initiating a dialogue with the Hindu community to understand their concerns.<ref name="Zutshi" /><ref name="Scroll_Staff" /> Days later, Rutgers faculty members from varied faith backgrounds (including Hinduism) drafted an open letter affirming faith in Truschke's scholarship, rejecting the leveled charges of "Hinduphobia", and applauding Rutgers' affirmation of academic liberty whilst upholding commitment to diversity. Among the signatories who expressed solidarity with those academics were [[Romila Thapar]], [[Rajmohan Gandhi]], [[Sheldon Pollock]], [[Partha Chatterjee (scholar)|Partha Chatterjee]], and [[Suketu Mehta]].<ref name="wire.in" />

=== Litigation ===
In May 2021, the [[Hindu American Foundation]] filed a libel suit against Truschke and representatives of several other organizations in the [[United States District Court for the District of Columbia]].<ref>{{cite news |date=20 May 2021 |title=Hindu American Foundation files defamation suit against Hindu rights nonprofit |url=https://religionnews.com/2021/05/20/hindu-american-foundation-files-defamation-suit-against-hindu-rights-nonprofit/ |newspaper=Religion News Service }}</ref><ref name="Scroll HAF suit">{{cite news |last=Sircar |first=Anisha |title=Explained: The Hindu American Foundation's defamation case against Hindus for Human Rights founders |url=https://scroll.in/global/995560/explained-the-hindu-american-foundations-defamation-case-against-hindus-for-human-rights-founders |newspaper=Scroll.in |date=24 May 2021}}</ref> Truschke was represented by [[Cornell Law School|Cornell Law School's]] First Amendment Clinic and [[Davis Wright Tremaine]]. A year and a half later, Judge [[Amit Mehta]] dismissed the suit since HAF not only failed to establish any [[cause of action]] — even assuming that their allegations were factually accurate{{Efn|Judge Mehta rejected that HAF had provided any evidence to support that the defenders were acting with [[malice (law)|malice]], which is integral to maintainability of a defamation suit.}} — but also failed to evidence that the court had any personal jurisdiction over the defendants.{{Efn|HAF requested for a [[discovery (law)|discovery]] to bolster its jurisdictional claims; Judge Mehta denied the request for being a "fishing expedition, [..] not made in good faith."}}<ref>{{cite news |author=Scroll Staff |title=US court dismisses Hindutva group's defamation case against academic Audrey Truschke, four activists |url=https://scroll.in/latest/1040232/us-court-dismisses-hindutva-groups-defamation-case-against-academic-audrey-truschke-four-activists |date=2022-12-21 |newspaper=Scroll.in }}</ref>

A diverse group of intellectuals and academics—[[Akeel Bilgrami]], [[Amitav Ghosh]], [[Anita Desai]], [[Cornel West]], [[Martha Nussbaum]], [[Nandini Sundar]], [[Noam Chomsky]], [[Romila Thapar]], [[Sudipta Kaviraj]], [[Sheldon Pollock]], and [[Wendy Doniger]] among others—have condemned HAF's tactics as a [[strategic lawsuit against public participation]] to silence critics and push forward [[Hindutva]].<ref name="Scroll HAF suit" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Over 300 Writers, Academics and Scholars Repudiate HAF's Attempt to Silence Hindus for Human Rights |url=https://www.hindusforhumanrights.org/en/blog/for-immediate-release-300-academics-and-scholars-express-their-solidarity-with-hindus-for-human-rights-and-its-allies-in-the-lawsuit-filed-by-the-hindu-american-foundation-py7je |date=20 May 2021 |website=Hindus for Human Rights }}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Truschke has three children.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pedagogy & the Pandemic: Professor Audrey Truschke Meets the Moment |url=https://sasn.rutgers.edu/news-events/news/pedagogy-pandemic-professor-audrey-truschke-meets-moment# |access-date=2021-09-18 |website=Rutgers SASN }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
<references>



<ref name="Agrawal">{{cite news |last=Agrawal |first=Purushottam |title=Lost in translation |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/up-front/story/20180514-lord-rama-caricature-audrey-truschke-misogynist-pig-1226422-2018-05-04 |url-status=live |newspaper=India Today |date=4 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509103631/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/up-front/story/20180514-lord-rama-caricature-audrey-truschke-misogynist-pig-1226422-2018-05-04 |archive-date=2018-05-09 }}</ref>


<ref name="Bhattacharya">{{Cite news |last=Bhattacharya |first=A. K. |date=25 May 2018 |title=Was Rama's putting Sita through 'agni pariksha' a 'misogynistic' act? |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/was-rama-s-putting-sita-through-agni-pariksha-a-misogynistic-act-118052501569_1.html}} {{subscription required|s}}</ref>

<ref name="Chung">{{cite news |last1=Chung |first1=Victoria |last2=Yeasky |first2=Joanne |title=Rutgers professor faces open letter accusing her of Hinduphobia |url=https://dailytargum.com//article/2021/03/rutgers-professor-faces-open-letter-accusing-her-of-hinduphobia |date=11 March 2021 |newspaper=The Daily Targum}}{{pb}}Read with the linked letter: "[https://docs.google.com/document/d/1-zSlYc4Y1hmg5oDPA8SRTSnYrHDdvaHnv9Rkx4W2q8Y Open Letter to Rutgers Administration from Concerned Hindu Students and Allies]".</ref>

<ref name="CV">{{Cite web |title=Audrey Truschke {{!}} Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey - Academia.edu |url=https://rutgers.academia.edu/AudreyTruschke/CurriculumVitae |access-date=14 March 2021 |website=rutgers.academia.edu}}</ref>

<ref name="Field_Manual">{{Cite Q|Q108732338}}</ref>


<ref name="newsminute">{{cite news |date=8 August 2018 |title=Author Audrey Truschke's Hyderabad event cancelled allegedly due to RSS, BJP protests |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/author-audrey-truschke-s-hyderabad-event-cancelled-allegedly-due-rss-bjp-protests-86195 |newspaper=The News Minute}}</ref>


<ref name="Pant">{{cite news |last=Pant |first=Pushpesh |date=27 April 2018 |title=Ram to Aurangzeb: Audrey Truschke and the Art of Taking Liberties |url=https://www.thequint.com/voices/opinion/pushpesh-pant-on-audrey-truschke-tweet-ramayana-aurangzeb |newspaper=TheQuint}}</ref>


<ref name="reddy">{{cite news |last=Reddy |first=Srinivas |title=What does Sita really say in Valmiki's Ramayana? |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/literature/what-does-sita-really-say-in-valmikis-ramayana |date=9 July 2018 |newspaper=The Caravan}}</ref>

<ref name="Rutgers_resume">{{Cite web |title=Audrey Truschke |url=https://sasn.rutgers.edu/about-us/faculty-staff/audrey-truschke |access-date=14 March 2021 |website=Rutgers SASN}}</ref>


<ref name="Scroll.in_SASAC">Priyali Prakash (10 July 2021), [https://scroll.in/article/999710/targeted-by-hate-audrey-truschke-on-why-she-helped-write-a-hindutva-harassment-field-manual ‘Targeted by hate’: Audrey Truschke on why she helped write a ‘Hindutva Harassment Field Manual’], Scroll.in</ref>

<ref name="Scroll_Staff">{{cite news |title=Historian Audrey Truschke faces threats, Rutgers University extends support to her |url=https://scroll.in/latest/988994/abhor-vile-messages-and-threats-directed-at-audrey-truschke-says-rutgers-university |date=9 March 2021 |newspaper=Scroll.in}}</ref>


<ref name="Truschke">{{cite news |last=Truschke |first=Audrey |title=The Many Criticisms of Rama and the 'Anger' of the Hindu Right |url=https://thewire.in/religion/the-many-criticisms-of-rama-and-the-anger-of-the-hindu-right |url-status=live |newspaper=The Wire |date=29 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180429110045/https://thewire.in/religion/the-many-criticisms-of-rama-and-the-anger-of-the-hindu-right |archive-date=2018-04-29 }}</ref>

<ref name="Truschke_Aeon">Audrey Truschke (2020), [https://aeon.co/essays/the-indian-epic-mahabharata-imparts-a-dark-nuanced-moral-vision The living Mahabharata], Aeon</ref>




<ref name="vice">{{Cite news |author=Pallavi Pundir |title=Audrey Truschke on Why She Won't Quit Social Media, Despite Being Trolled by the Hindu Right - VICE |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/audrey-truschke-on-why-she-wont-quit-social-media-despite-being-trolled-by-the-hindu-right/ |date=16 August 2018 |newspaper=VICE News}}</ref>


<ref name="WP_academic_freedom">{{Cite news |title=Hindutva's threat to academic freedom |newspaper=Washington Post |date=7 July 2021 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/religion/hindutvas-threat-to-academic-freedom/2021/07/07/476a8128-df73-11eb-a27f-8b294930e95b_story.html |issn=0190-8286}}</ref>

<ref name="wire.in">{{cite news |title=Rutgers Faculty Extends 'Unreserved Support' to Professor Audrey Truschke |url=https://thewire.in/rights/audrey-truschke-rutgers-university-faculty |access-date=18 March 2021 |newspaper=The Wire}}</ref>


<ref name="Zutshi">Vikram Zutshi, [https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/the-curious-case-of-controversial-historian-audrey-truschke/article34050315.ece The curious case of controversial historian Audrey Truschke], ''The Hindu'', 12 March 2021.</ref>

</references>

==External links==
* [https://www.hindutvaharassmentfieldmanual.org/ Hindutva Harassment Field Manual]
* [https://caravanmagazine.in/history/hindu-right-cannot-debate-me-audrey-truschke The Hindu Right cannot debate me because it rejects critical thought: Audrey Truschke]. ''[[The Caravan]]''.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Truschke, Audrey}}
[[Category:Historians of South Asia]]
[[Category:Rutgers University faculty]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Hindutva harassment of scholars]]
[[Category:American women historians]]
[[Category:21st-century American historians]]
[[Category:21st-century American women writers]]
[[Category:American women academics]]
[[Category:University of Chicago alumni]]
[[Category:Columbia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni]]
[[Category:Stanford University postdoctoral scholars]]

Tsunduru

2025-12-05T16:59:34Z

Shailendra: Creating Some Article From Scratch - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{distinguish|Tsundere{{!}}''Tsundere''}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Tsunduru
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = te
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Village]]
| image_skyline = [[File:Tsunduru train station.jpg|200px]]
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Tsundur Train Station
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|16.1583|N|80.583|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bapatla district|Bapatla]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Elevation for Rajam |url=http://veloroutes.org/elevation/?location=Tsundur&units=m |publisher=Veloroutes|accessdate=13 August 2014}}</ref>
| elevation_m = 12
| population_total = 5965
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name=population>{{cite web|title=Census 2011 |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=629272|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|accessdate=13 August 2014}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Bapatla]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]]
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Vemuru]]
| website =
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Tsunduru''' is a village in [[Bapatla district]] of the [[Indian state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is the mandal headquarters of [[Tsundur mandal]] in [[Bapatla revenue division]].<ref name="divisions">{{cite web| title=Administrative divisions of Guntur district| url=http://guntur.nic.in/statistics/ataglance.pdf |publisher=guntur.nic.in
|accessdate=16 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mandal wise villages|url=http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/guntur.pdf|website=Revenue Department – AP Land|publisher=National Informatics Center|accessdate=20 November 2014|page=11|format=PDF|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214094218/http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/guntur.pdf|archivedate=14 December 2014}}</ref>

== Demographics ==

{{As of|2011}} [[Census of India]], the town had a population of {{formatnum:5965}}. The total population constitute, {{formatnum:3069}} males, {{formatnum:2896}} females and {{formatnum:467}} children, in the age group of 0–6 years. The average literacy rate stands at 69.94% with {{formatnum:3845}} literates, significantly lower than the national average of 73.00%.<ref name=population /><ref>{{cite web|title=Chapter–3 (Literates and Literacy rate)| url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/PCA_Highlights/pca_highlights_file/India/Chapter-3.pdf|publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India|accessdate=10 August 2014|format=PDF}}</ref>

== Dalit massacre ==
{{Main articles|Tsundur massacre}}
On 6 August 1991, 8 [[Dalits]] were murdered within the village when a mob of over 300 people, composed of mainly upper caste members, hunted down the victims along the bund of an irrigation canal. The incident happened after police allegedly asked locals to show aggression towards the Dalit population within the village, following recent tension among members of different castes in the area. During the resulting trial, 21 offenders were sentenced to [[life imprisonment]] for their involvement and 35 others to one year of [[imprisonment]] and a [[Sentence (law)|penalty]] of 2,000[[Indian rupee|Rs]] each, on 31 July 2007, by the special [[judge]] under the SCs, STs (Prevention of Atrocities) Act.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/01/stories/2007080159681000.htm
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080621175915/http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/01/stories/2007080159681000.htm
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=2008-06-21
|title=Tsundur massacre
|accessdate=2007-08-01
|location=Chennai, India
|work=[[The Hindu]]
|date=2007-08-01
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/01/stories/2007080158560500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001004804/http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/01/stories/2007080158560500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-10-01|title= Court hearing: tension palpable in Tsundur|accessdate=2007-08-01|location=Chennai, India|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2007-08-01}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[List of villages in Guntur district#T|Villages in Tsundur mandal]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Villages in Guntur district]]
[[Category:Mandal headquarters in Guntur district]]

{{Guntur-geo-stub}}

Koi Pan Ek Phool Nu Naam Bolo To

2025-12-05T04:19:06Z

Shailendra: added initial stub basic info

{{Short description|Play by Madhu Rye}}
{{italics title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
'''''Koi Pan Ek Phool Nu Naam Bolo To''''' (English: Tell Me The Name of a Flower) is a 1967 Indian psychological-thriller play by [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] writer [[Madhu Rye]].

==Background==
Madhu Rye wrote ''Koi Pan Ek Phool Nu Naam Bolo To'' in 1967 for [[Ahmedabad]] based theatre group [[Darpana Academy of Performing Arts|Darpana]].{{sfn|Rye|2007|p=iv}}<ref name="Ahmedabad Mirror 2014">{{cite web|title=Whodunnit 'revisited'|website=Ahmedabad Mirror|date=9 October 2014|url=https://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/ahmedabad/others/Whodunnit-revisited/articleshow/44726713.cms|access-date=19 September 2020|archive-date=10 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910222309/https://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/ahmedabad/others/Whodunnit-revisited/articleshow/44726713.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> It was translated into English by Vijay Padaki and published in ''Three Gujarati Plays by Madhu Rye'' (2007).{{sfn|Rye|2007|p=169}}

==Characters==
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* Jagannath Pathak/Pramod{{snd}}leader of the theatre troupe
* Kamini Desai/Kanta{{snd}}lead actress of the troupe
* Sundar Desai/Niranjan{{snd}}member of the troupe and Kamini's brother
* Swati Soni/Bhabhi{{snd}}member of the troupe, Pritam Soni's wife and Niranjan's lover
* Pritam Soni/Nandlal{{snd}}member of the troupe and Swati's Husband
* Keshav Thaker/Deshpande{{snd}}playwright of the troupe
{{div col end}}


==Plot==
The play is written in four acts.{{sfn|Baradi|2003|p=191}}

The first act starts with a typical middle-class household scene, where Kanta and Niranjan are tensed that Kanta's husband Pramod will find out about their secret love affair. To settle the matters, a meeting is called upon which also involves their friends Nandlal and Bhabhi. Things proceed in a funny manner where each character feels guilty and wishes to kill himself/herself. The dialogues mostly involve witty repartee and talks around infidelity and sexual morality. However, at the end of the first act, Kanta gets down in the audience and kills a member sitting in the first row.

The second act radically shifts the tone of the play. Suddenly, the scene shifts in a courtroom where different characters are interrogated by an aggressive, anonymous 'voice'. We learn that the first act was actually a part of the play, and all the characters are basically working in a theatre group. Pramod is Jagannath Pathak, the leader of the theatre troupe. Kanta is Kamini Desai, the lead actress, Bhabhi is Swati Soni and Nandlal is [[Pritam]] Soni — a real life couple, Niranjan is Kamini's brother Sundar Desai, and the actor who speaks only one line as a cameo appearance in the first act is Keshav Thaker, the playwright of the troupe. The murder that happened at the end of the first act was real, and all the characters are interrogated to find out why Kamini killed Shekhar Khosla, the audience member in the first row. This act uses expository flashback techniques to show the intertwined relationships between the characters. But it also shows how all the characters are lying to the voice and actually played some role in the murder.

The third act features their individual testimonies where we realize that Kamini was abused by her lover Jagannath Pathak and her brother Sundar Desai. One realizes that Kamini created an imaginary myth of a man named Shekhar Khosla to terrorize everyone around her to gain some control and agency.

The fourth act reveals that it was actually the meek and gullible looking playwright Keshav Thaker who was manipulating and feeding Kamini with the stories of Shekhar Khosla, who used to bully him and abused his wife. Kamini's mental health deteriorates gradually and she starts believing the myth of Shekhar Khosla, and actually falls in love with the imaginary idea of Shekhar Khosla she had created in her head. It is to prove that myth to be real, Kamini commits murder and is finally put behind bars. The last scene shows Kamini who has lost her mind behind the bars. She is still thinking of Shekhar Khosla, and breaks down in the end. The play that began as a comedy, turned into a thriller, eventually ends as a tragedy.

==Reception==
[[Hasmukh Baradi]] wrote that the play exhibits a fine mastery of structure, astute presentation of conflictual episodes and a keen sense for portraying characters. The potential to provoke thought was somewhat undermined however, in his view, by an excessive recourse to dramatics, a shortcoming which was counterbalanced by the play's formal technical virtues.<ref name="Gujarati Vishwakosh">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Baradi|first=Hasmukh|author-link=Hasmukh Baradi|encyclopedia=[[Gujarati Vishwakosh]]|title=કોઈ પણ એક ફૂલનું નામ બોલો તો
|url=https://gujarativishwakosh.org/કોઈ-પણ-એક-ફૂલનું-નામ-બોલો-ત/|date=January 2008|language=gu}}</ref>

Uma Mahadevan-Dasgupta described the play as a murder mystery, one whose tangled secrets are gradually teased out by a combination of nimble-witted humour and viciousness exhibited in their interactions by the various members of a theatrical company.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Mahadevan-Dasgupta|first=Uma|title=Masterpieces|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6DFuAAAAMAAJ|journal=Indian Review of Books|year=2000|volume=10|issue=2–8|location=Madras|publisher=Acme Books Pvt. Ltd|page=46|oclc=27376499|access-date=2022-02-07|archive-date=2022-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207202139/https://books.google.com/books?id=6DFuAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>

The critic [[Jashvant Shekhdiwala]] judged the play to be one of the finest written over the past two decades. According to him, "the playwright's craftsmanship successfully created a complex play within a play, by the device of juxtaposing an inner and an outer stage with the drama in one setting offset by the other, where a court takes down evidence from the characters. The audience itself was placed in a position to participate as the presiding judge. The result was a dynamic flow of suspense, as mysteries emerge, riddles arise, concerns are raised and involvements of the protagonist dissected. All this is ably sustained until the curtain falls." The play was, in his view, one of the finest ever written for the [[Gujarati theatre]].{{sfn|Baradi|2003|p=193}}

The play played an instrumental role in spurring [[Mahesh Dattani]]'s interest in theatre.<ref name="Mukherjee 2015">{{cite web|last=Mukherjee|first=Oindrila|title=Why Mahesh Dattani will start afresh and not fade away|website=Scroll|date=10 October 2015|url=http://scroll.in/article/761222/why-mahesh-dattani-will-start-afresh-and-not-fade-away|access-date=19 September 2020|archive-date=7 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207202159/https://scroll.in/article/761222/why-mahesh-dattani-will-start-afresh-and-not-fade-away|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Bharadwaj2020">{{cite web|last=Bharadwaj|first=Sanskrita|title=A destiny's child|website=Hindustan Times|date=8 January 2020|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/art-and-culture/a-destiny-s-child/story-sVvXUOf0WT5PMEQLueNiXK.html|access-date=19 September 2020|archive-date=11 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811094727/https://www.hindustantimes.com/art-and-culture/a-destiny-s-child/story-sVvXUOf0WT5PMEQLueNiXK.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Performance history==
The play was first produced on stage by the [[Darpana Academy of Performing Arts]] in 1969. It was directed by Indian classical dancer [[Mrinalini Sarabhai]].<ref name="Ahmedabad Mirror 2014"/> The English version was first performed on 18 July 1979 at Jawahar Bal Bhawan, Banglore by Banglore Little Theatre.{{sfn|Rye|2007|p=170}} In October 2014, the play was staged at Natrani, Ahmedabad. It was directed by [[Abhinay Banker]], starring [[Hemang Dave]], Ankit Gor and Banker among others.<ref name="Iyer2014">{{cite web|last=Iyer|first=Shreya|title=This play is very close to my heart: Abhinay Banker|website=The Times of India|date=11 October 2014|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/theatre/Gujarati-psycological-play-Koi-Pan-Ek-Phool-Nu-Naam-Bolo-To-directed-by-Abhinay-Banker-will-be-staged-in-Natrani-as-a-part-of-Sunday-to-Sunday-Theatre-festival-/articleshow/44808914.cms|access-date=19 September 2020|archive-date=7 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207202141/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/theatre/Gujarati-psycological-play-Koi-Pan-Ek-Phool-Nu-Naam-Bolo-To-directed-by-Abhinay-Banker-will-be-staged-in-Natrani-as-a-part-of-Sunday-to-Sunday-Theatre-festival-/articleshow/44808914.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Marathi language|Marathi]] version, ''Shekhar Khosla Kon Ahe'', was staged at [[National Centre for the Performing Arts (India)|NCPA]]'s Pratibimb [[Marathi theatre|Marathi Theatre]] Festival, directed by Vijay Kenkre.<ref name="Phukan2016">{{cite web|last=Phukan|first=Vikram|title=Classic Marathi theatre, refurbished|website=The Hindu|date=2016-08-05|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/entertainment/Classic-Marathi-theatre-refurbished/article14553138.ece|access-date=2020-09-19|archive-date=2020-11-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109094354/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/entertainment/Classic-Marathi-theatre-refurbished/article14553138.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> The English version was again performed by Manipal Centre for Philosophy and Humanities's Theatre Club on 23 March 2018, directed by [[Abhimanyu Acharya]].<ref name="The Manipal Journal 2018">{{cite web|last=Raman|first=Aditya|title=MCPH Theatre Club stages murder mystery|website=The Manipal Journal|date=24 March 2018|url=https://themanipaljournal.com/2018/03/24/mcph-theatre-club-stages-murder-mystery/|access-date=19 September 2020|archive-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928221518/https://themanipaljournal.com/2018/03/24/mcph-theatre-club-stages-murder-mystery/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book|last=Baradi|first=Hasmukh|authorlink=Hasmukh Baradi|translator-last=Meghani|translator-first=Vinod|title=History of Gujarati Theatre|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9eWwCxY7w-QC|series=India – The Land and the People|year=2003|location=New Delhi|publisher=[[National Book Trust]]|isbn=978-81-237-4032-4}}
* {{cite book|last=Rye|first=Madhu|translator-last=Padaki|translator-first=Vijay|title=Three Gujarati Plays by Madhu Rye|year=2007|location=Gandhinagar|publisher=[[Gujarat Sahitya Academy]]|oclc=170205341}}

==External links==
* {{Google books|id=2MpjAAAAMAAJ}}
* {{Gujarati Vishwakosh}}

[[Category:1967 plays]]
[[Category:Gujarati-language plays]]
[[Category:Thriller plays]]

Pasumarru, Krishna District

2025-12-02T07:13:38Z

Shailendra: added information and added references for clarity

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Pasumarru
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = te
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Village]]
| image_skyline = Cheruvu_@_Pasumarru.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = A lake in Pasumarru
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|16|18|41|N|81|0|21|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Krishna district|Krishna]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name=census>{{cite web|title=District Census Handbook - Krishna|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2816_PART_B_DCHB_KRISHNA.pdf|website=Census of India|accessdate=3 March 2016|page=16,418|format=PDF}}</ref>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 9.19
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1863
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="census" />
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 521157
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = Machilipatnam
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = Pamarru
| website =
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}
'''Pasumarru''' is a village in [[Krishna district]] of the [[Indian state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is located in Pamarru [[mandal]] in [[Gudivada revenue division]].<ref name="census" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Krishna district]]

Gandabahali

2025-11-28T00:48:14Z

Shailendra: created first bio w/ infobox.

{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=October 2022}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=November 2022}}
{{Tone|date=December 2022}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Gandabahali
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname = The Village of Festival
| settlement_type = Village/Town
| image_skyline = Shiv Temple Gandabahali Entry Gate.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Shiv Temple at Gandabahali
| image_map =
| pushpin_map = India Odisha #India
| pushpin_label_position = Right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Odisha, India
| unit_pref = Metric
| native_name =
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Orissa Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Odisha]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nuapada district|Nuapada]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| governing_body = Gram Panchayat Samiti|
| leader_title = [[Sarpanch]]
| leader_name = Koushalya Meher
| leader_title2 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly|MLA]]
| leader_name2 = Adhiraj Mohan Panigrahi
| coordinates = {{coord|20.1532|N|82.7104|E|display=inline,title}}
| area_footnotes =
| demographics1_title2 = [[Local language|Local]]
| demographics1_info2 = [[Kalahandia]] [[Sambalpuri language|Sambalpuri]] [[Hindi]] [[Odia language|Odia]] [[Chhattisgarhi]]
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 2293
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = Ganabehelia
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = English
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 6.53
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 766118
| area_code_type = [[Telephone code]]
| area_code = 06677
| registration_plate = OD, OR
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 50.3:49.7 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| website = https://nuapada.nic.in/
| footnotes =
| official_name =
| subdivision_type3 = [[Block (district subdivision)|Block]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Sinapali]]
| leader_title1 = [[Member of Parliament|MP]]
| leader_name1 = Basanta Kumar Panda
}}

'''Gandabahali''' (also spelled '''Ganabeheli''') is a village in [[Sinapali Block]] in the south of [[Nuapada District]] in [[Odisha]], India.

Gandabahali is a village surrounded by Chahara forest in the east, Patalganga in the west, the Sundar river in the north, and the Udanti river in the south. Gandabahali is one of the largest villages and a place of historical significance in the Sinapali Block. Local people call it the village of festivals because 13 festivals are celebrated in this village in 12 months. It is located on the banks of the Udanti River, {{convert|88|km}} south of the district headquarters of [[Nuapada]] and {{convert|443|km|abbr=on}} from Odisha's capital, [[Bhubaneswar]]. The village has a [[Gram panchayat]] (Local Governing Council).

== History ==
The region of Gandabahali was under the rule of the [[Chauhan dynasty]] of [[Patna State]] (established by [[Ramai Deva]] in the 14th century) who were vassals of the Eastern [[Eastern Ganga dynasty|Ganga dynasty]] which was declining following invasions from the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. The Chauhan reign from [[Patnagarh]] continued over the region and later expanded through the establishment of their cadet branches extending their rule over areas of [[Western Odisha]] and eastern [[Chhattisgarh]].

In 1600, Raja Gopal Rai who belonged to the Chauhan family of [[Balangir]] was crowned as the first king of [[Khariar]]. In 1820, Raja Ratan Singh Deo ([[Chauhan dynasty|Chauhan King]] of [[Khariar]]) shifted his capital from [[Komna, Nuapada|Komna]] to [[Khariar]]. The region is said to have came under [[British Raj|British]] control in 1828 after [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] king defeated the Chauhan ruler. In the year 1862 it was in [[Madhya Pradesh]], in 1857 it was under [[Nagpur]], then in 1862 it would be under [[Raipur]].

When Odisha got independence as a state on 1 April 1936, the village came under the district of [[Sambalpur]]. When Odisha was reorganised in 1949, the village came under the district of [[Kalahandi district|Kalahandi]]. After that, on 1 April 1993, [[Nuapada]] became a separate district carved out from the undivided Kalahandi district. Then, the village comes under the district of Nuapada and the block of [[Sinapali]]. It now then becomes a separate Gram Panchayat under the block of Sinapali. It is the biggest gram Panchayat of the Block of Sinapali and is an old village in this particular area of Gandabahali.

Some communities like Damba and Kandha have been living in this village from the ancient times. It is considered that it might be the name of the this village as their name of the community. Then, some other communities came to this village and settled there. Most of the people in this village are part of the Bhulia (Meher) Community. They came from the city of [[Patnagarh]] and [[Sambalpur]]. This village is now known as the Bhulia (Meher) Community.

== Geography ==
Gandabahali is located in the western part of Odisha, at 20.1532°N 82.7104°E. It is close to the border of Raipur District, Chhattisgarh and Kalahandi District. It is located in a rain shadow belt, in the Mahanadi basin of the Eastern Ghats where mountains are interspersed with wide valleys. The climate is tropical, with rain in the South West monsoon season.

== Population==
Gandabahali has a total population of 2,293, out of which the male population is 1,126 while the female population is 1,167. Literacy rate of gandabahali village is 61.01% out of which 67.50% males and 54.76% females are literate. There are about 551 houses in gandabahali village.
{| class="wikitable"
! Census Parameter
! Census Data
|-
|Total population
|2293
|-
|Total no. of houses
|551
|-
|Female population %
|50.9 % ( 1167)
|-
|Total literacy rate %
|61.0 % ( 1399)
|-
|Female literacy rate
|27.9 % ( 639)
|-
|Scheduled tribes population %
|17.8 % ( 409)
|-
|Scheduled caste population %
|14.5 % ( 332)
|-
|Working population %
|31.1 %
|-
|Child(0 -6) Population by 2011
|269
|-
|Girl Child(0 -6) Population % by 2011
|46.8 % ( 126)
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Particulars
!Total
!Male
!Female
|-
|Total population
|2,293
|1,126
|1,167
|-
|Literate population
|1,399
|760
|639
|-
|Illiterate population
|894
|366
|528
|}

==References==
*''Jubilee Book, Silver (12 December 2012). "ଗଣ୍ଡାବାହାଲି ଓ ରାମଗଡ଼ର ଏକ ଐତିହାସିକ ଅବଲୋକନ".<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=History of Gandabahali.pdf |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/14kiNIZAOFHn6SaW23IR1iFO4MehL6a_9/view?usp=embed_facebook |access-date=2022-11-04 |website=Google Docs}}</ref> Google Docs (in Odia). Gandabahali: Panchayat High School. pp. 29–32. Retrieved 2022-10-11.''
* ''Jubilee Book, Silver (12 December 2012). "ଗାଁ ଗଣ୍ଡାବାହାଲି".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Village Gandabahali.pdf |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dvY9guKaUirgefwSabWwx_XGoN_l_rJX/view?usp=drivesdk&usp=embed_facebook |access-date=2022-11-04 |website=Google Docs}}</ref> Google Docs (in Odia). Gandabahali: Panchayat High School. pp. 46–47. Retrieved 2022-10-11.''
* ''"Gandabahali, Odisha Weather Forecast and Conditions - The Weather Channel | Weather.com".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gandabahali, OdishaWeather Forecast and Conditions - The Weather Channel {{!}} Weather.com |url=https://weather.com/en-IN/weather/today/l/Duajhar+Odisha?canonicalCityId=484f85b037aaead682cec835df50b3da6fbabb99a3aab9fa656af02b9a62ae49 |access-date=2022-11-04 |website=The Weather Channel |language=en-IN}}</ref> The Weather Channel. Retrieved 2022-10-11.''
* ''"Gandabahali Population (2021/2022), Village in Sinapali Tehsil".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gandabahali Population (2021/2022), Village in Sinapali Tehsil |url=https://www.indiagrowing.com/Odisha/Nuapada/Sinapali/Gandabahali |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218063527/https://www.indiagrowing.com/Odisha/Nuapada/Sinapali/Gandabahali |url-status=usurped |archive-date=18 February 2022 |access-date=2022-11-04 |website=www.indiagrowing.com}}</ref> www.indiagrowing.com. Retrieved 2022-10-11.''
* ''Rathore, Abhinay. "Khariar (Zamindari)".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rathore |first=Abhinay |title=Khariar (Zamindari) |url=https://www.indianrajputs.com/view/khariar |access-date=2022-11-04 |website=Rajput Provinces of India |language=en}}</ref> Rajput Provinces of India. Retrieved 2022-10-11.''
* ''"Nuapada District, Government of Odisha | Website of Nuapada District Administration | India".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuapada District, Government of Odisha {{!}} Website of Nuapada District Administration {{!}} India |url=https://nuapada.nic.in/ |access-date=2022-11-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> Retrieved 2022-10-11.''
* ''ଗଣ୍ଡାବାହାଲି ଖବର (facebook page)<ref>{{Cite web |title=ଗଣ୍ଡାବାହାଲି ଖବର |url=https://www.facebook.com/people/%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF-%E0%AC%96%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%B0/100069272276183/ |access-date=2022-11-07 |website=www.facebook.com |language=en}}</ref> www.facebook.com. Retrieved 2022-11-07.''
* ''Sahu, Jagna Kumar (1967-06-15). "Chauhan rule in Western Orissa".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sahu |first=Jagna Kumar |date=1967-06-15 |title=Chauhan rule in Western Orissa |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/129560 |journal=University |language=English}}</ref> University.''
* ''Nanda, Siba Prasad (1995) "History and culture of Khariar A critical study".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nanda |first=Siba Prasad |date=1995 |title=History and culture of Khariar A critical study |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/187379 |journal=University}}</ref> University.''
* ''"Nuapada District Map".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-12 |title=Nuapada District Map |url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/orissa/districts/nuapada.htm |access-date=2022-11-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512152105/https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/orissa/districts/nuapada.htm |archive-date=12 May 2021 }}</ref> web.archive.org. 2021-05-12. Retrieved 2022-10-11.''
* ''News Paper Sources. Retrieved 2022-11-07.''
* ''Mishra, Brundaban. "Social Structure Of Western Orissa Under The Chauhans Of Sambalpur" <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mishra |first=Brundaban |title=Social Structure Of Western Orissa Under The Chauhans Of Sambalpur |url=https://www.academia.edu/1869458 |journal=Journal of History and Social Sciences}}</ref>''
* Ahmad, Naqeeb. "PIN Code of Gandabahali Nuapada District in State of Odisha". ''Online India Code''. Retrieved 2022-12-10.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ahmad |first=Naqeeb |title=PIN Code of Gandabahali Nuapada District in State of Odisha |url=https://onlineindiacode.com/odisha/nuapada/sinapali/gandabahali |access-date=2022-12-10 |website=Online India Code |language=English}}</ref>
* Mishra, Mahedra Kumar (2004). "Oral Epics in Kalahandi". ''Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore''. '''26''': 81–100. ISSN 1406-0957.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mishra |first=Mahedra Kumar |date=2004 |title=Oral Epics in Kalahandi |url=https://www.academia.edu/533567 |journal=Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore |volume=26 |pages=81–100 |issn=1406-0957}}</ref>

'''Citations'''
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website|http://nuapada.nic.in/}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Nuapada district
|North = [[Mahasamund district]], [[Chhattisgarh]]
|Northeast = [[Bargarh district]]
|East = [[Balangir district]]
|Southeast = [[Kalahandi district]]
|South = [[Kalahandi district]]
|Southwest = [[Gariyaband district]]
|West = [[Gariyaband and Mahasamund district]], [[Chhattisgarh]]
|Northwest = [[Mahasamund district]]
}}

{{Nuapada district}}
{{Western Odisha}}
{{Odisha}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Villages in Nuapada district]]

M. Vijayasarathy

2025-11-06T04:45:22Z

Shailendra: added info

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2014}}
'''M. Vijayasarathy''' is an Indian politician and former [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. He was elected to the [[Tamil Nadu legislative assembly]] as an [[Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] candidate from [[Arakkonam (State Assembly Constituency)|Arakkonam constituency]] in [[1980 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1980 election]].<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf 1980 Tamil Nadu Election Results, Election Commission of India]</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vijayasarathy, M.}}
[[Category:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]

{{AIADMK-politician-stub}}

Helencha

2025-10-14T14:00:47Z

Shailendra: expanded formatting for consistency and cleaned formatting for accuracy

{{Short description|Village in Bagdah, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India, Asia}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Helencha
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang = bn
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal # India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.188732|N|88.860234|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of West Bengal|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[North 24 Parganas]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| leader_title = MLA
| leader_name = Biswajit Das
|government_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://wbassembly.gov.in/MLA_WhosWho.aspx |title=Members Who's Who |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=West Bengal Legislative Assembly}}, see constituency 94.</ref>
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 6,424
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 743270 (Helencha Colony)
| area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialing|STD]] code
| area_code = 03215
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Bangaon (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bangaon]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Bagdah (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bagdah]]
| website = {{URL|north24parganas.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Helencha''' is a village in the [[Bagdah CD Block|Bagdah]] [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] in the [[Bangaon subdivision]] of the [[North 24 Parganas district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=400| height=600| zoom=11
| coord={{coord|23|4|0|N|88|47|30|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in Bangaon subdivision, North 24 Parganas district''' M: municipal town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, T: place of tourist interest Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|22|58|41|N|88|46|53|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1= Chandpara | numbered1=CT| mark-title1=[[Chandpara]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|22|58|15|N|88|47|47|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= Chhekati| numbered2=CT| mark-title2=[[Chhekati]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|22|54|54|N|88|46|20|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3= Bara| numbered3=CT| mark-title3=[[Bara, North 24 Parganas]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|22|56|10|N|88|46|16|E}} | label-pos4=top|label4= Chikanpara| numbered4=CT| mark-title4=[[Chikanpara]] (CT)
|mark-coord5={{coord|22|57|36|N|88|47|24|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5= Dhakuria| numbered5=CT| mark-title5=[[Dhakuria, North 24 Parganas]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|22|56|10|N|88|47|10|E}} | label-pos6=right|label6= Shimulpur| numbered6=CT| mark-title6=[[Shimulpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|22|58|10|N|88|47|3|E}} | label-pos7=left|label7= Sonatikiri| numbered7=CT| mark-title7=[[Sonatikiri]] (CT)
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|3|18|N|88|49|40|E}} | label-pos8=right|label8= Bangaon| numbered8=M| mark-title8=[[Bangaon]] (M) | shape-color8= #800000
|mark-coord9={{coord|22|55|28|N|88|46|40|E}} | label-pos9=left|label9= Thakurnagar| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Thakurnagar]] (R) |shape-color9=#C40000
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|13|4|N|88|53|8|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10= Bagdah| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Bagdah, North 24 Parganas]] (R) |shape-color10=#C40000
|mark-coord11={{coord|22|56|20|N|88|43|50|E}} | label-pos11=left|label11= Gaighata| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Gaighata, North 24 Parganas]] (R) |shape-color11=#C40000
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|3|53|N|88|45|38|E}} | label-pos12=top|label12= Gopalnagar| numbered12=R| mark-title12= [[Gopalnagar, North 24 Parganas]] (R) |shape-color12=#C40000
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|11|19|N|88|51|36|E}} | label-pos13=left|label13= Helencha| numbered13=R| mark-title13= Helencha (R) |shape-color13=black| label-size13=13|label-color13=black 
|mark-coord14={{coord|22|59|11|N|88|42|6|E}} | label-pos14=left|label14= Nahata| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Nahata]] (R) |shape-color14=#C40000
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|2|16|N|88|44|48|E}} | label-pos15=left|label15= Palla| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[Palla, North 24 Parganas]] (R) |shape-color15=#C40000
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|2|13|N|88|52|36|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16= Petrapole check post| numbered16=R| mark-title16= [[Petrapole]] (R) |shape-color16=#C40000
|mark-coord17={{coord|23|11|10|N|88|45|43|E}} | label-pos17=bottom| label17=Bibhutibhusan|labela17=Wildlife Sanctuary| numbered17=T|shape-color17= #74C365| mark-title17= [[Bibhutibhushan Wildlife Sanctuary]] (T)
|mark-coord18={{coord|23|4|50|N|88|47|35|E}} | label18= Ichhamati River| label-color18 = #77A1CB| label-angle18= 16| label-pos18=right| label-size18=10| mark-size18=0| mark-title18 =none
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|11|0|N|88|52|40|E}} | label19= Betna River| label-color19 = #77A1CB| label-angle19= 100| label-pos19=right| label-size19=10| mark-size19=0| mark-title19 =none
|arc-coordA={{coord|23|1|0|N|88|53|0|E}}|arc-textA= BANGLADESH| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=40| arc-gapA=4.5| arc-radiusA=0.35}}

===Location===
Helencha is located at {{coord|23.188732|N|88.860234|E|display=inline}}.

===Area overview===
The area shown in the map was a part of Jessore district from 1883.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.39429/2015.39429.Jessore-District-Gazetteers_djvu.txt | title = Bengal District Gazetteers, Jessore by L.S.S. O’Malley | work= Chapter II: History, Page/ Section 44 | publisher = Bengal Secretariat Book Depot, 1912 |access-date = 11 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://nadia.gov.in/District%20Gazetteer/Ch11%20-%20General%20administration.PDF | title = District Gazetteer | work= Chapter IX: General Administration, Page 150| publisher = Egiye Bangla |access-date = 11 May 2018}}</ref> At the time of [[Partition of Bengal (1947)]] the [[Radcliffe Line]] placed the police station areas of Bangaon and Gaighata of Jessore district in India and the area was made a part of 24 Parganas district.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://tour.khujbo.com/jessore-district-information/ | title = Jessore District Information | publisher = Khujbo.com | access-date = 11 May 2018 | archive-date = 16 May 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180516174925/http://tour.khujbo.com/jessore-district-information/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> The renowned novelist, [[Bibhutibhushan Bandopadhyay]] (of ''[[Pather Panchali]]'' fame) belonged to this area and many of his writings portray his experience in the area.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Bandyopadhyay,_Bibhutibhushan | title = Bibhutibhusan Bandopadhyay| publisher = Banglapedia |access-date = 22 June 2021}}</ref> It is a flat plain located in the lower [[Ganges Delta]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1911_PART_A_DCHB_NORTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf |title = District Census Handbook North Twenty Four Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Page 13 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 16 April 2018}}</ref> In the densely populated area, 16.33% of the population lives in the urban areas and 83.67% lives in the rural areas.<ref name=handbook2013>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook |work = North 24 Parganas 2013, Tables 2.1, 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 2 May 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |archive-date = 2019-01-21 |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1911_PART_A_DCHB_NORTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf |title = District Census Handbook North Twenty Four Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Map of North Twenty Four Parganas with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fifth page) | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 2 May 2018}}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Civic administration==
===Police station===
Bagdah police station is located at Helencha. It covers an area of 233.055 km2 and serves a population of 242,674. Bagda police district has a 53 km land border and 5 km riverine border. 5 km of the border is unfenced. It has jurisdiction over Bagdah CD block.

===Gram Panchayat===
Gram Panchayat is the local self government institution at the Village. It is located near the Bagdah Police Station, on the way of Helencha - Duttapulia Road.
<ref>{{cite web | url = http://n24pgspolice.in/home/police-station.php | title = North 24 Parganas Dist. Police | work = Know Your Police Station | publisher = District Police | access-date = 6 May 2018 | archive-date = 7 June 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180607033433/http://n24pgspolice.in/home/police-station.php | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Helencha had a total population of 6,375, of which 3,331 (52%) were males and 3,044 (49%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 578. The total number of literate persons in Helencha was 4,848 (83.63% of the population over 6 years).

Maximum of the population belongs to '''Namasudra''' Hindu community. There also a large number of Muslim community co-exist.
<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 6 May 2018}}</ref>

==Economy==
Helencha Bazar is the main market in the locality. Shopping Mall, many shops exist there. A large vegetable market sits on every Sunday and Wednesday. From there vegetable are export nearby towns including Kolkata and Barasat. There has many banks branch including State Bank of India, Indian Bank, Punjab National Bank.
<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbagrimarketingboard.gov.in/bazar/north24-pgs.html | title = Primary Hats/ Markets of District | work = North 24 Parganas | publisher = West Bengal Agri-marketing Board | access-date = 12 May 2018 | archive-date = 12 May 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180512220611/http://www.wbagrimarketingboard.gov.in/bazar/north24-pgs.html | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Transport==
'''[[National Highway 312 (India)|NH 312]]''' runs through Helencha with subdivisional headquarter Bangaon and [[Krishnanagar, Nadia|Krishnanagar]], the district headquarter of [[Nadia district]] via Duttaphulia and Bagula.

==Education==
[[Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Satabarshiki Mahavidyalaya]] is a general degree college, affiliated to the [[West Bengal State University]]. It offers honours courses in Bengali, Sanskrit and Political Science, and a general BA course. It was established in 2005.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.collegeadmission.in/DrBRAmbedkarSatabarshikiMahavidyalaya/DrBRAmbedkarSatabarshikiMahavidyalaya.shtml | title = Dr. B.R.Ambedkar Satabarshiki Mahavidyalaya | publisher = College Admission |access-date = 6 May 2018}}</ref>

Helencha High School is a boys only Bengali-medium school. It was established in 1953.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.schoolsworld.in/schools/showschool.php?school_id=19112013404 | title = Helencha High School | publisher = SchoolsWorld.in |access-date = 6 May 2018}}</ref>

Helencha Girls High School is a girls only Bengali-medium higher secondary school. It was established in 1958.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.schoolsworld.in/schools/showschool.php?school_id=19112013602 | title = Helencha Girls High School | publisher = SchoolsWorld.in |access-date = 6 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://searchall.co.in/details.php?infoId=2329 | title = Helencha Girls High School | publisher = Search all |access-date = 6 May 2018}}</ref>

Harichand Guruchand Thakur Government ITI College. It was established in 2016

Vidyasagar Model High School is a Bengali-medium private school. It is established in 2003

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{North 24 Parganas District}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}

[[Category:Villages in North 24 Parganas district]]